MI^J^JMI^JMI^J^JMJIal i I U THE LIBRARIES rp H COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY |1 I 1 1 i g General Library s * I 1 1 --^ i 4Ay ■.-d^-xr- u. Vr.>^ A 1 i^i^ v./ 10 THE LITEEATUHE OF THE lANGTTAGE WHAT A DICTIONARY OF WORDS IS TO THE LANGUAGE ITSELF. Alliboiie'8 Dictionary of Authors 3 INDISPENSABLY NECESSARY TO ALL WHO READ, ALL WHO WRITE, ALL CLERGYMEN, ALL PHYSICIANS, ALL LAWYERS, Scientific and Literary Men, Merchants and Farmers, Manufacturers and Mechanics. IT IS j^ IIOXJSEIIOI-.ID conyci^-i^iTioiT. The importance of this great work to every one will be understood by referring to the highly commendatory letters of the following REPRESENTATIVE LITERARY MEN. PAGE Bancroft, Hon. George, the Historian 3 Bryant, Wm. C 4 BethuDe, Geo. W., r>.D., of the Dutch Reformed Church, Brooklyn 10 Beecher, Rev. Henry Ward, of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn 10 Barnard, Dr. Henry, the emioent writer on EJuca- l'\cm, an.1 Fijitor of Barnard s American Journal of Education, &c... 12 Channin^, Walter, M.D 9 Cheever, George B., D.D., Pastor of the Church of tlic I'inil:.,!", N.Mv Vnrli 11 Cogswell, Dr. Jos. G., Librarian of the Astor Library 13 Cleveland, Prof. Charles D., Author of Compendium or Enclisii Literal II re, &c. 13 Dunglison, Robley, M.D.. LL.D., for more than twen- tv roars Proti-imr of ttie Iii^titutea of Medicine. Ac. in the JefTer- Bon Melical Colloco. I'tiiladelpliia. Author or Dnnglison's Dictionary 8 Dana, Richard Henry, the Poet li Durhin, John P.. D.Tl., of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Author of Travels in Europe, the East, &c 13 Everett, Hon, Edward, late President of Harvard rni>.;r!itv, Ac 3 Felton, Prof. C. C, of Harvard University 7 Francis, John W., M.D., LL.D., President of the New York Me.liral Society, A-c 8 Gilpin, Hon. Henry D., late Attorney-General of the United states 11 Goodrich, Channcey A., D.D.. Prof of the Pastoral Charge. Yale College. Editor of Webstcr"a Quarto Dictionary, Ac... 11 Hedge, Frederic H, D.D.. Professor of Ecclesiastical Hi-t'rr, Ifar, ar i Iniv. rsitr. Editor of the Christian Examiner 5 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, M.D.. Parkman Professor of Amioniyand PhysioIoKv. Harvard University, Author of the Autocrat of the IJreakfast'-Tahle,' &c 6 Hillard, George S., in the Boston Courier, Jan. 13, 1853, and Littell's l.tviog Age, Feb. 5. 1859 8 Hodge, Dr. Charles, Professor of Biblical Literature, Ac. Pre-l.vlorian Theological Seminary. Princeton, N. J 7 Hawks, Francis L., LL.D.. D.D., Ac lo Halleck, Fitz-Greene, the Poet 12 Hall, Judge James, of Cincinnati. Author of Legends of the t^-, -t. A. 13 Irving. Washington * Kine, Charles, LL.D., President of Columbia Col- ic? , New York, 7 Kennedy, Hon. John P., late Secretary of the Navy, Aott). r of Hor^e S^hoc Rohio-on, Ac... 8 Kenrick, Et. Rev. Francis Patrick, Archbishop of Baltimore 10 liieber. Dr. Francis, Ed. of the Encyo. Americana, Ac s Lossing, Benson J., Author of Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution. Ac 13 Macaulay. Lord, the Historian 5 Maary, Lieut. M. F., LL.D., Director of the U. S. .\a:i, ual I M-crvatory , Author of Geography of the Sea, Ac 8 Mann, Hon. Horace, LL.D., Pres. of Antioch College., lo Mackenzie, R. Shelton, D.C.L., Editor of Noctes Anihrosiaua 11 Napier, Lord 9 Prescott, W. H., the Historian 3 Peabody, Rev. A. P., D.D., Editor of the N. Am. Review... b Prime, S. Irenaeus, D.D., Editor New York Observer... lo Parsons, Theophilus, LL.D.. Prof, of Law in Harvard Robinson, Edward, D.D., President Union Theologi- cal Se miliary, .\uthor of Biblical Researches in Palestine, Ac 11 Strickland, Agnes, Author of the Queens of England.. 3 Sparks, Jared. LL.D., late Pros, of Harvard University. 4 Simms, W. Gilmore, of South Carolina, Author of Yema.^see; Guy Rivers; The Partisan, Ac 9 Sprague, Dr. W. B., Author of the Annals of the Anericui Piiliiil 10 Strickland, Dr. W. P., of the Methodist Bpis. Church, n Ticknor, George, Author of the Uist. of Span. Literature. 4 Tuckerman, Henry T., the Essayist 7 Thompson, John R., Ed. of the South. Lit. Messenger... a Thompson, Jos. P., D.D., of the Broadway Tabernacle. 12 Taney, Hon. Roger B., Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Lulled Slates ^3 Verplanck, Gulian C, LL.D., Regent of the Univer- 511 V Of [be Slate of N. York, Editor of the Illustrated Shakspeare, Ac. 12 Wiseman, Cardinal 3 Whipple, E. P., the Reviewer B Walker, James, LL.D., President of Harvard Uni- vcr.ilj ' Woolsey, Theodore D., D.D., LL.D., President of Tale Collece ' Winthrop, Hon. Robert C, of Boston 9 Wayland, Francis, D.D., late President of Brown t'iii\er>itv. Author ot Way land's Moral Science, Ac 9 Willis, N. P 1" Whittier, John G., the Poet 12 Volume I., super-royal octavo, 100-5 pages, elegantly printed on fine paper. Price, $.5.00 in muslin bind- ing; $6.00 in fine sheep binding, or S7.50 in library style, half turkey morocco antique. Forwarded to any portion of the United States, free of expense, on the receipt of the above prices. Address CHILDS & PETERSON, &Q2_Arch Street, Fhiladelphia. ALLIBONE'S DICTIONiVRY OF AUTHORS. A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and Ameri- can Authors, living and deceased: from the Earliest Accounts to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century. Containing Thirty Thousand Biographies and Literary Notices: with Forty Indexes of Subjects. " The chief glory of every people arises from its Authors.''^ By S. Austin Allibone : 1859, imp). 8vo. Childs and Peterson, Philadelp)hia. TrUbner & Co., London. Price $5.00. The first volume of tliis work is just published in Philadelphia and London. It contains the letters from A to J, both inclusive, 1005 pages, imperial double column, minion and nonpareil type, about 200 lines on each page on an average, the volume containing upwards of two millions of words. In bulk of typographical matter it is equal to thirteen volumes (470 pages each) of Putnam's edition of Irving's Works, or about fourteen volumes of Prescott's, Bancroft's, or Hallam's Histories, 8vo. The number of Authors whose works are noticed in the first volume is above 17,100; making in the forty indexes (at end of vol. ii.) about 24,100 names, viz: — AnthorB. Authors 1. Agriculture 320 23. Mathematics : Arithmetic, Geometry, Trigono- 2. Antiquities: ArchEeology, Mythology, and Nu- metry, Ac 353 nismatics 510 24. Mechanics, Engineering, Railways 141 3. Architecture 106 4. Astronomy and Astrology 203 5. Bibliography: Bnolibinding, Catalogues, and Priming 120 6. Biography and Correspondence 1170 7. Botany : Arboriculture, Flowe'?, Fruit, Ilorticul- turc. Vegetables 257 8. Chemistry .•. 191 9. Divinity 5668 10. Domestic Economy 55 11. Dramatic Literature 527 12. Education 472 13. Essayists: Encyclopajdias, Periodical Litera- ture 617 14. Fiction: Facetiae, Novels, Romances, Tales 620 15. Games and Sports 130 16. Geography: Atlases and Charts 159 17. Geology, Mineralogy 89 18. Heraldry and Genealogy 140 19. History, Chronicles, Chronology 1114 20. Juvenile Works : Tales, &c 145 21. Law, Jurisprudence 1272 22. Literary History 227 25. Medical Sciences 1714 26. Moral and Slental Philosophy 487 27. Morals 309 28. Music 180 29. Natural History 305 30. Natural Philosophy 346 31. Naval and Military 510 32. Painting and Sculpture 256 33. Philology 511 34. Poetry and Poetical Criticism 1838 35. Politics : Government, Legislation, Documents and Reports 850 36. Political Economy : general subject and special topics 527 37. Topography 270 38. Trade and Commerce 280 39. Travels 892 40. Voyages 235 Total number of names in the forty indexes from A to J inclusive. Vol. 1 24,116 " KtoZ " " 2, about 26,000 Total number of names in the Indexes of the two volumes, about 50,116 As each of the forty indexes runs through the alphabet from A to Z, this department of the work will probably consist of nearly one thousand divisions, enrolling about 50,000 names. It will be interesting to see at a glance the number of authors of names of common occurrence in the body of the work in vol. i., A to J. Brown and Browne 175 Clark and Clarke 153 Green and Greene S3 Davies 68 Davis 48 Ellis 47 Gibson 42 Grant 47 Hall 92 Hamilton 86 Harris 52 Harrison 52 Hill Holmes.. Howard . Irving.... 67 24 53 17 Jackson 81 James 48 Johnson 110 Johnston 35 Johnstone 17 Jones 189 Authors in 21 names 1586 The number of works recorded, and in very many cases criticized, both favourably and unfavour- ably, would perhaps in the whole work amount to between one and two hundred thousand; but this is a mere surmise, as they have never been numbered. The best, because the briefest, description which can be given of the Critical Dictionary, is that IT IS INTENDED TO BE TO THE LITERATURE 01' THE L.lNGnAGE WHAT A DICTIONARY OE WORDS IS TO THE LANGUAGE ITSELF. | The second volume, which will complete the work, is now more than one-half stereotyped. TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. From Wm. II. Prescott, Esq., the Historian. Boston, Aug.l^, 1855. Gentlemen : — I should sooner have replied to your note requesting my opinion of AUibono's Dictionary of Litera- ture. I have rarely seen so liirge an amount of matter i condensed into so small a compass. The work is con- , ducted on what to me is an entirely novel principle, and : presents the reader not simply with the opinions of the author, but with those of the best critics on every writer i whose character ho discusses. This is opening the best sources of information, while the original contributions of the editor, which connect the extracts together, arc of a , piquant kind that gives vivacity to the discussion. The index of subjects will fnrm a sort of catalogue rat- , tonnie, that cannot fail to make the book as useful in a , bibliographical as in a biographical view. If the rest of the , work is as ably executed as that embraced under the first three letters of the alphabet, — all I have seen, — it cannot fail to be an important contribution to English Literature. I remain, gentlemen, your ob't servant, Childa & Peterson. W. H. PRESCOTT. Boston, Dec. 27, 1858. 3fy dear Sir : — I am truly obliged to you for so welcome a present as the first volume of your great work. I have read the whole of it with the same care which I bestowed on the earlier portion; and I may truly say that I find no occasion to modify the opinions I have before expressed in regard to the book. I find everywhere occasion to commend the excellence of the plan and the conscientious and able manner in which it has been carried into execu- tion. Indeed, the work may be said to combine in itself a whole library of criticism; and the reader, who sees the scattered rays of opinion concentrated into one focus, carries with him what may be regarded as an expression of the public sentiment on the topic under review. With my best wishes for the successful completion of your difficult task, I remain, dear sir. very sincerely yours, K Atistm Allibone, Esq. W. H. PRESCOTT. From Cardinal Wiseman. London, Feb. 18, 1859. Dear Sir: — I thank you very sincerely for the first volume of your Dictionary of Authors. I have tested its Talue in two different ways, — first by looking at the accounts of comparatively unknown or obscure authors hardly to be found in ordinary biographical works, and then by glancing over the history of celebrated ones, whose lives have occu- pied volumes. Your work stands both tests admirably. I have found more about the first class of writers than I have ever seen elsewhere, and than I could have anticipated in so comprehensive a work; while the interesting points in the literary lives of those belonging to the second are brought out in sufficient detail and treated with sufficient accuracy to render further reference or inquiry unnecessary. I congratulate you on the success of your herculean un- dertaking, and am Yours, very faithfully, S. Austin Allibone, Esq. N. CARD. WISEMAN. From Agnes Strickland, Author of tlie Queens of F.nglsinfl, &c. 11 Connanght Terrace, Hi/de Pork, London, March 1, 1859. Miss Agnes Strickland presents her compliments to Mr. Allibone, and returns her best acknowledgments for the presentation-copy of the first volume of his valuable publi- cation, "The Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors," with which he has favoured her. She considers it will be a most useful and important addition to every library, and hopes the success may be such as to pepay the learned author for the immense labour and research he has expended upon it* From the lion. Edward Everett, late President of Harvard Uni- versity, ic. Boston, Sept. 20, 1855. Gentlemen : — X have received the volume you were good enough to send me, containing the first three letters of Mr. Allibone's "Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased." The plan of the work isextremcly comprehensive, and requires laborious research in the collection of the materials, and great care and discrimination in putting them together.' As far as I have been able to examine the specimen con- tained in the volume sent me, Mr. Allibone is performing his task with great fidelity and success. In giving, in the words of the authors, the judgments which he cites from approved sources, he has made a great improvement over former biographical dictionaries, which are, fur the most part, unacknowledged compilations. Mr. Allibone's work appears to be, to a very unusual degree, the result of ori- ginal investigation, and, if completed as begun, will, I am confident, be found a most useful work of reference, and an important addition to the literary apparatus of our language. I am, gentlemen, respectfully yours, EDWARD EVERETT. Chihh tt Peterson, Boston, Dec. 27, 1S58. Mif dear Sir : — On my return from the country on Satur- day, I found on my table the first volume of your great work, with your letter accompanying it. I have not, of course, had time to do more than cast a hasty glance over the volume; but, as you express a wish to know that it has come to hand, I hasten to let you know that I have re- ceived it, 'and that the little examination I have been able to make of it has confirmed the opinion which I formed of its merits on a more careful inspection of the first three letters. I congratulate you on having made such progress in your vast undertaking, and tender you my best wishes for the successful completion of the work. I remain, dear sir, with great regard, very truly yours, EDWARD EVERETT. S. Austin Allibone, Eftq. From lion. George Bancroft, the Ilistorian. New Tori; Nov. 17, 1S55. Gcnilcmen : — The examination of articles under the letter A, in Mr. Allibone's Critical Dictionary of British and Ame- rican Authors, has led me to form a high estimate of the comprehensiveness and the utility of his design, as well as of the fearless and indefatigable industry, the candour, and the general ability with which he is executing it. His work bids fair to take a very high rank in its own peculiar department. His plan has moreover a special attraction, for it not only presents appropriate information respecting each author, but also a general picture of the impression which he may have made on the public and on his critics. I wish the deserved success to this great undertaking, and Remain, very respectfully yours, GEORGE BANCROFT. Ohilda <{■ Peterson. New TorJc, Dec. 24, 1S58. Ml/ dear 3fr. Allibone : — Last eveningyour volume reached me safely; and I have already turned over enough of its leaves to be sure that it is filled full of information, heaped up and running over. I have no doubt I shall find all the auguries accomplished. Accept the best thanks of Yours very truly, GEORGE BANCROFT. TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. From Washington Ining, Esq. Sunnysidp, Aug. 23, 1855. Gentlemen : — Accept my thanks for the specimen you bave sent me of Mr. Allibonc's Critical Dictionary of Eng- lish Literature. The undertaking does honour to that gen- tleman's enterprise; and the manner in which, from the Bpecimen before me, (4G4 pages,) he appears to execute it, does honour to his intelligence, perspicuity, wide and accurate research, impartiality, and good taste. AVhen completed, the work cannot fail to be a valuable library companion and family book of reference. The beautiful manner in which the work is got up is highly creditable to American typography. Very respectfully, gentlemen, Your obliged and ob't servant. WASHINGTON IRVING. Chihle & Peterson. Sunnyside, Jan. 12, 1S59. 3fi/ dear Sir: — I have to thank you for a copy of the first volume of your Dictionary of Authors, which you have had the kindness to send me. It fully comes up to the high anticipations I had formed from the specimen sub- mitted to my inspection in 1865. Thus far you have fulfilled admirably the stupendous task undertaken by you; and your work, when completed, will remain a monument of unsparing industry, indefati- gable research, sound and impartial judgment, and critical acumen. It merits, and cannot fail to have, a wide circulation, and to find a place in every library. With great regard, yours, very truly, WASHINGTON IRVING. S. Austin Allihone, Esq. From Jaxed Sparks, LL.D., late President of ITarvard Univorsity. Camhridgt', Sej4. I, 1855. Gentlemen: — I have examined, with great satisfaction, Ihs part of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of English Literature which has already been published, (464 pages.) The plan appears to me an exceedingly good one, — comprising, as it does, a notice of all the English and American authors down to the present time, with biographical incidents, an enumeration of their several publications, and frequent critical remarks. An undertaking so comprehensive in its design requires vast diligence and research. As far as the author has pro- ceeded, he seems to have executed his task with ability, good judgment, and success. When completed, the work cannot fail to be of great utility to all readers who would acquire a knowledge of books, and a most valuable acces- sion to every library. I am, gentlemen, very respectfully yours, JARED SPARKS. Chihls & Peterson, Cambridge, Jan. 3, 18G9. Dear Sir : — I have received your letter, and also the first volume of your Dictionary of English Literature, for which I beg you will accept my thanks. It is a work of prodigious labour, requiring vast research, and great judg- ment and skill in the execution; and, from the examina- tion which I have been able to bestow upon it, I am per- suaded that it will in all respects justify the high anticipa- tions of the public. With best wishes for your entire success in this import- ant and arduous enterprise, I am, dear sir, respectfully and truly ynurs, „ , . ,„., „ JARED SPARKS. O. Auattn AUihonef Esq. From Georgo Ticknor, Esq., Author of the History of Spanibb liiteratmo. Boston, January 8, 1859. GentUmen: — Ever since the Eibliotheca of Watt was published, between 1S19 and 1824, 1 have been in the habit of using it; and, notwithstanding the omissions and errors always to be expected in such publications, I have found it to be an excellent work, ampler and more satisfactory than Lowndes, or any other in the language. On receiving the first volume of Allibone's Dictionary, I, therefore, na- turally compared it with the corresponding portion of Watt's Bibliotheca, and noted the following differences. (1.) AUibone leaves out the foreign and ancient authois, who are so imperfectly given in Watt that their articles are of no real virtue, and usurp a space much wanted for more important matter. (2.) lie inserts, sometimes in ar- ticles that are abridged, and sometimes in articles that are enlarged, all the British authors given by Watt and Lowndes, and adds a great many more, — I should think several thousand more. (.3.) Ho inserts, as nearly, I sup- pose, as he could ascertain them, the whole body of Ameri- can authors, of whom, I think, there are not two hundred eitherin Wattor in Lowndes. (4.) lie inserts biographical notices of a multitude of the more important authors, some ' of them long and interesting, with abundant references to the sources where their lives can be found at length, while Watt, at best, gives little more than the dates of their birtha and deaths. (5.) He inserts, generally in their own words, the judgment pronounced by critics of recognised authority on a great number of authors and their works, and adds copious references to other opinions and discussions con- cerning them; of all which there is hardly a trace in Watt, and nothing of any consequence. (6.) He proposes to in- sert at the end of his Dictionary fifty thousand titles of books in the English Language, arranged under forty dif- ferent heads, each in alphabetical order, so as to give a condensed view hy suhjecta of whatever is of any value in British and American Letters and Science, which Watt has partly done, but in a less satisfactory manner, because with less ample materials, and with a subdivision, for many purposes, too minute. The practical result of the whole seems therefore to be, that Mr. AUibone is now giving us, in a condensed form, at once an Encyclopedia and an Index of what is valuable and interesting in the Lives, Characters, and Bibliography of British and American Authors, better and more manage- able than any similar work that we now possess, and of permanent imi)ortance to anybody — scholar or not — who wishes to read books profitably and intelligently in his native tongue. Your obedient servant, GEO. TICKNOR. Chihh t£- Peterson. From Wui. C. Bryant, Ksq. I^ew Tori; Aug. 29, 1855. Gcnthmen: — The specimen of Mr. Allibone's Critical Dictionary of Authors which you sent me has given me a high idea of the industry, exactness, and various reading of the author. I think it promises to bo one of the most valuable works of reference which h.ave been produced in the present century. The plan appears to me excellent, though ditheult; but the diflieully has been happily over- come by the author's extraordiuary research. Truly yours, W. C. BRYANT. Chihh d: Peterson, TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 5 Ivew Tbrk^ February/ 1, 1859. Dear Sir: — Tho high opinion I formed of your work on looking over some of the first sheets, I have found no cause to modify, except as it has risen in my esteem. I regard it as one of the best books of reference ever com- piled, and have no fear that the public will fail properly to acknowledge its merit. I am, sir, very truly yours, W. C. BRYANT. S. Austin AlUbone, Esq, From Rev, A, P. Peabody, D.D.. Editor of tho North American Review. Btrtsmouth, .V.ff., Jan. 11, 1S59. 3f/ dear Sir: — -The work more than fulfils my best ex- pectations. For thoroughness, impartiality, skilful selec- tion of opinions and authorities, and the adjustment of the length and minuteness of articles to the relative import- ance of their subjects, I cannot conceive of a better work of the kind. Intleed, there exists no work with which it can be compared. Every literai-y man has felt the need of such a dictionary; and when yours is completed, and on our tables, it will be hard for us to see how we could ever have dispensed with it. To the student of literary history it is especially valuable; for under each name it . gives him, first, the essential facts as to the writer's time, environments, and productions; secondly, the means of judging whether he is worth further investigation; and, thirdly, such references as will enable him to follow out the detailed history and merits of an author deserving ex- tended research. Hoping that the reception and sale of the work may correspond with its merits, and sincerely thanking you for the courtesy and kindness of what would have been an advance-copy had it not slept a fortnight in the hands of my publishers, I am, as ever, most sincerely your?, A. P. PEABODY. S. Austin Allibune, Esq. from Frederic Henry Hedge, D.D., Prof, of Ecclesiastical History, Harvard University, Editor of the Christian Examiner. Brooldine, Jan. IS, 1S59. Dear Sir: — I hasten to thank you for the welcome gift of the first volume of your ''Dictionary of Authors," and am glad of this opportunity to express my high sense of the value and extraordinary merit of this publication. The resolute diligence and conscientious care displayed in it fill me with amazement. I conceive the design of such a work to be one of the most arduous of literary enterprises, and the execution seems to me to correspond with the mag- nitude of the undertaking. In minuteness and completeness I should say that your "Critical Dictionary of English Literature" had no rival. I know of no work of the kind in any language so com- prehensive in its plan and so complete in its details, — none which can compare with it as a bibliographical hand-book of national literature. The article on Junius may be cited as an instance of the generous fidelity which characterizes the execution of this great project. I observe with special satisfaction that amid the vast multitude of modern writers you have found space for the great names of the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman pe- riods of British Authorship, and am pleased to see abridged from Wright such articles as those on Cede, on Alcuin, and on Anselm. "Wishing you equal success with the remaining portion of your work, I am, dear sir, respectfully yours. FREDERIC H. HEDGE. S. Austin Alfibone, Esq. From Lord Macaulay. tlie Ilistoiian. IIoHei/ Lvdgt, Kmsiiiffton, Jan. 29, 18;j9. It cannot fail, I think, to be a valuable addition to Eiig lish as well as American libraries. MACAULAY, From Dr. Lieber, Editor of the EucycluiJa?dia Americana, &c, Columbia Cbllege, New York, March 12, 1S59. J/y Dear Sir: — I have now titled your Critical Diction- ary for some time, aud tbink it but fair to state to a friend and fellow-scholar that I have found it in almost all cases an aid, guide, aud instructor. Your patience, and I think I am rigbt if I say your self-sacrifice, in collecting, and giving with judgment, what others have said and tbuught, will save in the aggregate many a year, which would other- wise have been lost in bililiographic and critical research, aud will distribute knowledge which otherwise would not have been collected and diffused. To uie your work is of the greatest usefulness. I, for one, am grateful that you have given to the scholar aud the general reader this able and comprehensive work, on so new a plan that there is no work in English literature whieh can be substituted for it. May health, patience, spirit, and peace of mind — all of them necessary requisites for the composing of such a work ■ — be abundantly granted to you, to present us as soon as may be with the concluding volume! I feel convinced that all who have used the first heartily join me in this wish. May you prosper in every respect! This is the sincere wish, my doar sir, of j'our sincere friend and servant, S. Austin AUihvne, Esq. FRANCIS LIEBER. From Oliver Wendell Holmes. M.D.. Parkinin Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Harvard University, author of the Autocrat of the E re :di fist-Table. &z. More than one living writer has made the remark that be has found a more complete account of himself and his works in its pages than he himself could have given. I have looked out the names of many medical authors, some of them little known, and have assured myself that in this, as doubtless in other special departments, there is a great collection of information not to be found in any other work with which I am acquainted, nor probably in any existing. While the general scholar, therefore, will keep the book at the side of his Dictionary of the English Language, the professional man may place it next to his Cruden, or his Cooper, or his Blackstone, with the certainty that he will find in it a rich storehouse of knowledge with reference to the writers and the works that more especially beb ng to his chosen province of learning. I am, my dear sir, yours very truly, Geo. Tr. Childs, Esq. 0. W. HOLMES. From E. P.Whipple, Esq., tho Iteviewer. Bostim, Ja77.2S, 1S59. Gcntlrinrn : — I thank yon for Mr. AUibone's ''Dictionary of Authors." As a labour-saving work of reference, in whose accuracy men of every profession and occupation can confidently rely, it is impossible to over-estimate its value, or the industry, research, and intelligence expended in its preparation. Apart from its importance as a work of reference, it is full of interest for the information it con- tains regarding the lives of eminent authors, and for the condensed view it presents of the various critical estimates of their genius and influence. The wonder is, that any man should have been found with the requisite combination of industry, talent, know- ledge, and taste for the subject, to undertake so vast a la- bour; but, being done, the book becomes a necessity to all persons interested in books. Very respectfully youv.^, Chads <£■ Peterson. E. P. WHIPPLE, TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONES DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. GEORGE S. HILLARD, ESft., In the Boston Courier, Jan. 13, 1S69, and Littell's Living Age, Feb. 6, 1869. This is a truly wonderful work, wonderful for the pro- digious industry with which it has been prepared, the wide field from which its materials have been drawn, and the immense massof matter which is presented in a condensed and compact form for edification and delectation. It is a book especially addressed to those who love books, — who possess them, or mean to possess them, — and whose eyes are recreated, and whose hearts are exhilarated, by the sight of portly quartos, goodly octavos, shapely duodeci- mos, clad in a comely vesture of morocco, Russia, or calf, with gilding tastefully interspersed. The advent of such a manual of refcrenee is a red-letter day in the life of an enthusiastic bibliomaniac; and the delight and gratitude with which he must receive it will only be alloyed by a feeling of regret that it had not come earlier in life, and of sadness at the thought of the unhappy years he had wasted without it. The first impulse of his heart will bo to illuminate his house, to send for a band of music, to invite his friends to dinner, to open the most cherished bin in his cellar, and to drink the health of Allibo-ne ■with all the honours. Dear, garrulous, gossiping Dr. Dibdin, why are you not alive to welcome this capital ac- cession to the shelves of bibliography, and to lavish upon it all your adjectives of laudation? But our readers, naturally enough, may wish to know what the book is that awakens in us a strain of jubilant enthusiasm so unlike our usual critical impassiveness. We will tell them what it is. It is the first volume of a dic- tionary which contains, or is to contain, the name of every man, living and dead, who has written one or more books, and gained any sort of a place in literature, in England or America. Here they are all to be found, from Aleuin, Bede, and Alfred, — who have been dust for a thousand years, — down to Mr. Butler, the author of "Nothing to Wear," and Mr. Aldrich, the author of "Babie Bell." Here are the etars of the first, second, and third magnitudes, — each in its own sphere, and each shining with its own peculiar glory; and here, too, are the farthing candles and the rush-lights that have fluttered and sputtered for a brief season and thrown their light over a minute space. For instance, five solid columns arc given to the life and writings of Joseph Addison; but Joseph Addison, like all the rest of mankind, had a father; and his name was Lan- celot, and be was a clergyman, — a respectable old gentle- man, we doubt not, in wig and small-clothes, and not averse to port wine; and this said Lancelot was also a blotter of paper, and in twelve lines Mr. Allibono tells us who he was and what he did. And here they stand, son and father, side by side, the cedar of Lebanon and the hyssop on the wall. Let it not for a moment be supposed that this dictionary is merely a catalogue of the names of authors and of their books, — simply an enlargement and expansion of Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica: it is something more and better than this. Brief biographical notices are given of all writers of any note and consideration, living or dead; and a very copious array of critical notices and literary judg- ments is appended to such names as have been conspicuous enough to call them forth. These critical notices have been culled from a great variety of sources, and do much honour to Mr. Alliboue's industry, showing, as they do, an immense range of reading. => ■=■- -t- Jjf * * * * But the fact that this dictionary contains so many bio- graphical sketches and literary notices makes it something more than a mere book of reference. It is a pleasant book to take up and turn over the leaves of in the unoccupied moments of life, the bits and fragments of the day that are too short for any continuous reading. By searching, the diligent reader may find many entertainmg anecdotes, many curious facts, many brilliant observations upon the lives and writings of men of genius, hidden away in the genera! mass of names, dates, and titles, like veins of gold in beds of quartz. Under the head of Lord Byron, I for instance, we come upon two interesting original com- { munications, one from Mr. Everett and one from Mr. Ticknor, giving their recollections of the noble poet's ap- pearance, manners, and conversation. * * * ® * For the benefit of such of our readers as like well-defined facts and strict accuracy of statement, wo take occasion to say that the volume before us contains the letters from A to J inclusive, and the typo is minion and nonpareil, that the page is printed in double columns, and that the num- ber of words is upwards of two million. In bulk of typo- graphical matter it is equal to about fourteen such volumes as those in which the histories of Bancroft and Prescott are presented. The retail price of each of these volumes is two dollars; but that of the book before us — the first volume of the Dictionary — is but five dollars; so that it is a work of extraordinary cheapness as well as extraordinary merit. Indeed, nothing but a very large sale can ever remunerate the publishers for their enterprising liberality of outlay in getting it up. Not merely to the general reader, whose taste in books is comprehensive and catholic, is this manual of reference addressed; but those who walk in a particular path, and cultivate a special corner of the great field of letters, will find it a good guide and a safe help. The divine, by its light, can pick his way through the palpable obscure of theological controversy, and that vast cemetery in which the bones of defunct sermons are quietly reposing. We notice, too, that particular attention has been paid to legal bibliography, so that the practising lawyer, who looks upon polite literature with no more respect than the miller does the blue and white flowers that grow amid the corn, will not be able to show cause why he should not buy it, but the rule will be made absolute at once. The entire work — of which we have now one-half will be comprised in two volumes; and at the end there will be found forty copious indexes of subjects, by the help of which the reader can at once refer to all the authors who have written upon any given department of letters. This will be of material value to scholars, and add much to the usefulness of the work, ffi » -» s ss » s s e s 3 » » » -s The Dictionary, as a whole, is very copious and very correct. It presents in a compact form a vast mass of literary information, in general as remarkabto for accuracy as for fulness. Wo chronicle its appearance as a notice- able event in the literary history of the country. It is most honourable to the compiler, Mr. AUibone, — giving evi- dence, as it docs, not merely of patient toil that has never waxed fiiint, but of taste, judgment, and skill. It is ho- nourable to the publishers, who, for the sake of good letters, have been willing to send out a largo invoice of capital upon a voyage that will be long before it begins to mako returns. It is creditable to the country; for such a work could not have been undertaken by men so sagacious and experienced as Messrs. Cbilds & Peterson, if they had not felt assured that such a love of knowledge and taste for reading bad been diffused through the community as made it ripe for the reception of such a manual. Of its uUiraalo success wo can have no doubt : the result can only be a question of time. TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S BICTIONAKY OF AUTHORS. From James Walker, LL.D., Preaident of Harvard UniTersity. Harvard Univasity, . Camhridgcj Jan. 3, 1S59. Pear Sir: — I have turned over the pages of your Critical Dictionary of English Literature with ever-increasing wonder at the magnitude and completeness of the work. The multiplication of books and of public and private libraries in this country has created a demand, I had al- most said a necessity, for precisely such a guide in selecting the best authorities on every subject and the best editions. To clergymen and students, and to all collectors of books either for public or private use, it will prove an invaluable help, preventing a multitude of mistakes, and, even as a matter of economy, saving twenty times as much money as it costs. I remain, dear sir, yours very respectfully, ,S'. Amtin Allibone, Esq. JAMES WALKEK. From Charles King, LL.D., President of Columbia College, N. Y. PresideiU's Room, Columbia College, Kew York, Dec. 31, 1S58. 3Ti/ dear Sir: — On this last day of the year I fulfil a purpose, too long delayed, of acknowledging the first volume of your admirable "Critical Dictionary." It is indeed a work for the age, and for all that speak the English tongucj and it is fashioned to endure while that tongue shall. Its minute research, its remarkable accuracy, its com- prehensive grasp, and, most difficult of all, its rare discri- mination in the selection from masses of accumulated ma- terials, and impartiality of judgment, render it a guide at once reliable and indispensable to all who for any i>urposo handle books. It is my earnest, though I cannot say unselfish, trust, that "summer and winter, seed-time and harvest," may still return to you, however it may betide with others, to the completion of your great work, honourable at once and useful to your country and to your race as well as to its author. I am, dear sir, with great regard and esteem, Tour obedient servant, S. Austin AlUhone, Esq. CHAS. KING. From Prof. C. C Felton, of Harvard University. Cambridge, Feb. 11, 1859. 3Iy dear Sir: — I have used your Critical Dictionary of English Literature (vol. i.) constantly since it was re- ceived in December last. During this time I have had occasion to consult many of the leading articles, and have read a considerable portion of the entire work. I am astonished at the extent, minuteness, and accuracy of the iufurmation you have embodied in it. The under- taking is a truly gigantic one, and it has been carried out thus far with an industry and conscientiousness ail-but un- paralleled. The manner in which you have condensed your materials, retaining only what is essential to a full presentation of the facts and opinions pertinent to each subject, is admirable. I have seldom failed to find, in the several articles I have read, every particular, however mi- nute, which I desired to possess. You have given a special value and importance to the work by citing the opinions of the leading literary and scientific reviews, and by your copious references to other authorities, where the subject is one admitting controversy or requiring discussion. I can have no doubt that your work will be a standard and indispensable book of reference and authority wherever English literature is studied, as it certainly is a monument of the ability, industry, and judicial fairness of the author. With great respect, S. Auatin Allibone, Esq. C. C. FELTON. From Theodore D. Woolsey, D.D., LLJ),, President of Yale College. Tale CoUege, Feb. 7, 1859. Gentlemen: — Suffice it to say that I have examined the book in difierent parts, and that it displays herculean la- bour, and, so far as I can discover, as much accuracy as is attainable in such an undertaking. I think Mr. Allibono deserves all encouragement and high praise for his con- scientious labour. Your obedient servant, THEODORE D. WOOLSEY. CJiilda d- Peterson. From Hem-y T. Tuckcrman, Esq., the Essayist. Kew York, Dec. 27, 1858. M}/ dear Sir : — Accept my best thanks for the first volume of your Dictionary of Authors. It fulfils the high promise of your prospectus and specimen-sheets. I have examined its notices of those authors whose history and writings I have had occasion to study, and am truly astonished at the fulness of research, the accuracy in detail, and the judi- cious critical estimates you have in each instance exhibited. Not less noteworthy is the care and jjatience manifest throughout in rendering justice to a large number of useful and gifted but less known and appreciated writers. I am impressed with the great range of practical advantage de- rivable from your labours. If completed as it is begun, your Dictionary of Authors will not only become an au- thority and permanent reference in bibliography and criti- cism, but will serve a great educational purpose; for it contains all the requisite suggestions to guide the judg- ment and enlighten the taste of the student of English Literature, while the whole chart of lettered lore in our vernacular is completely mapped out, the best critics give their views, and the average public estimate of each writer appears side by side with the names of his publications and the facts of his life. In the hands of an intelligent reader, the work thus subserves the objects of the professor, supersedes, in a measure, the lecture-room, and condenses the scattered information otherwise to be laboriously gleaned from a whole library of authorities. Biography, criticism, philosophy, history, aud general culture, will each and all obtain new light and impulse from so copious, au- thentic, and available a key to that world of knowledge, taste, and truth embraced in the literature of the English tongue. "With renewed thanks and best wishes, I remain, my dear sir, Yours truly and obliged, HENRY T. TUCKERMAN. S. Austin Allibone, Esq. From Dr. Hodge, Professor of Biblical Literature, &.C., Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Priuceton, N.J. Princeton, Jan. 5, 1859. Dear Sir: — It fills me with wonder that any one man could accomplish a task involving so much labour. No one can estimate the full value of your work who is not himself acquainted with the whole field covered by your researches, or who has not had time to test its worth by long-continued use. I can therefore only say that it im- presses me with the highest respect for the learning, labour, and candour which it exhibits even to the casual readej of its pages. I have no doubt that it will prove itself to be a most valuable aid to every student of English or American Literature. "With great respect, CHARLES HODGE. S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 8 TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. From lion. John P. Kennedy, late Secretary of the Navy, Author of Ilorse-Shoe Robinson, ic. BalUviore, Jaji. 31, 1859. Ift/ dear Sir : — I have taken such leisure as I could com- mand to look over " AUibone's Dictionary of Authors," and, although I had occasion to admire the copious and accu- rate character of this work at an earlier stage of its publi- cation, I am still more struck, as it proceeds, with the evi- dence which this volume affords of the extraordinary labour of the undertaking and the successful achievement of it. I do not know of any work of the kind in our literature which may be compared with it for the number of subjects brought into view, and the amount of critical analysis with which they are treated. In both of these, the author, it strikes me, has accomplished his task with singular judg- ment and discrimiaatiuu. When this work is completed. it cannot fail to be regarded as the most valualile compend of the lives and labours of authors in tho English lan- guage which has yet been afforded to its students on either side of the Atlantic. Believe me, my dear sir, yours truly, JOHN P. KENNEDY. G. W, Chihh, Esq. From John R. Thompson, Esq., Editor of the Southern Literary Messenger. Jiichmomi, Feh. 3, 1859. 3fi/ dear Sir: — I am indebted to you individually for a copy of the first volume of your "Critical Dictionary of English Literature," sent me, some weeks ago, by Messrs. Childs & Peterson, but I am under still heavier obligations to you, as an editor and humble member of the literary class, for the service you have rendered to bibliography in a work whose value, in my judgment, can hardly be over- estimated. I beg, therefore, to offer you my sincere thanks, personal and editorial; and I may, perhaps, properly add that I am especially grateful for the general accuracy and completeness of your notes on the authors of the Southern States of the Union. I am acquainted with no other work in which is to be found so much information upon Southern authorship. With great respect, I am Tours very truly, JNO. E. THOMPSON. S. AnMin Allihone, Esq. From Lieut. Maury, LL.D., Director of the TT.S. National Observa- tory, Author of Qeoirrapiiy of the Sea, ic. National Obscrvatort/y Wasliington, Dec. 27, 1858. M^ dear Sir : — I give you hearty thanks for volume first of your "Dictionary of English Literature and Criti-sh and American Authors." This volume ends with the letter J. and gives an account of upwards of seventeen thousand authors living and dead. It is as full as to every one of those authors and their works as the most fastidious could desire in a book of re- ference. It evinces a vast amount of laborious research and patient industry on the part of its author. No amount of labour that would add aught to accuracy or complete- ness has been spared, and I know of no work of its kind in any language that is equal to it. I may mention that, in the course of conversation in tho family circle every evening since it has been received, we have had occasion to refer to it continually: so it lies on the centre-table for constant reference. I recognise it as a standard authority, and congratulate you most heartily as the author of it. Respectfully, &c., M. F. MAURY. 8* Austin AlUhone, Esq, From Ilobley Dunglison, M.D., LL.D., for more than twenty years Professor of the Institutes and Medicine, &c. in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Author of DungHaon's Dictionary. 1116 Girard St., Jan. 12, 1859. Dear Sir: — Owing to special circumstances, I have long ceased to express an opinion on works when an application has been made to me by authors and publishers. In re- turning my acknowledgments to you, however, for the copy you have so kindly sent me of the first volume of your great "Dictionary of Authors," I cannot refrain from con- gratulating you on having so far accomplished your labo- rious and successful undertaking as to enable you to issue the first volume. It is a work of inappreciable value to those who are desirous of knowing — and who is there that is not? — what has been done by such as have laboured in the great cause of literature. By literary men especially it will be in constant reference j and I have been not a little gratified to discover that due attention has been paid to most of those who have contributed to any e."5tent to the literature of medicine. Hence on every account I can re- commend it to the young and old of my own profession. Trusting that the remainder of the work may soon appear, I am, dear sir, truly yours, ROBLEY DUNGLISON. S. Austin Allibonc, Esq. From John ^Y. Francia, M.D.j LL.D., President of New York Medical Society, ic. Xew Torl-j Dec. 27, 1S58. J/y dear Mr. Chihh: — Your great Dictionary of English Literature and Authors was duly received, and I am at a loss to express my gratitude fur your early and valuable gift. I have devoted many hours to an examination of the work, and am prompted by the cause of letters and true knowledge to afiirm that Mr. Allibone has executed an undertaking of the deepest interest to tho student of wis- dom in almost every department of human research. The work must be recognised as having no predecessor for mi- nuteness of detail, for extent of information, and the judi- cious collocation of a stupendous mass of information in the several departments of liberal studies. One cannot but marvel at individual labour and its results, when contem- plating the fund of knowledge this Dictionary contains. Antiquarian research, with the latest results of modern li- terature and science, are here to be found, enriched with a judgment critically exact in exposition, and imparted to the reader in proportion and in stylo which challenge the approbation of refined taste and liberal sentiment. The work is delightful in a special point of view: its spirit ig honest; it is unprejudiced in opinions; it is catholic in ethics and in patriotism. It must find its way into every library; it must prove a conductor f/encral is in innumerable inquiries instituted even by the most erudite, for its copious store of bibliography and details on subjects of special consideration. The medical department, if I may so speak, will prove of singular interest to the faculty of physic and to medical students. Mr. Allibono has been peculiarly fortunate in this branch of science, no less so than in general literature; and what will prove gratifying to the American scholar is tho ample notice of so many of tho medical and chi- rurgical art now embraced in his enduring work. With every consideration and esteem, I am, &c., JOHN W. FRANCIS. G. W. Childs, Esq. TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. From Walter Chauning, M.D. Boston, Jan. 13, 1S59. Dear Sir: — A thousand thanks, and more, for your great, your noble work. It is a general letter of introduction to English Literature. I uso the word English gcnerically, embracing every man, woman, and, I had almost said, child, who reads English. You modestly call it a Diction- ary. It is one, and every thing pertaining to letters beside. It is a catalogue raisonnic ; for it not only tells of all English authors, but of tho value of their books, so far as the published opinions of tho best judges can determine this. It is thus a dictionary to be read as well as con- sulted, and is at the samo time a vast library in itself. We are told that Wm. King, an English poet, do., before ho had been eight years in college, had read twenty-two thousand volumes and manuscripts, and had made remarks upon them. In ten years you have collected, and examined, and given to us, not merely names and titles of all the authors and of their books within your laborious reach, but thirty thousand biographies ami I itcrari/ notices and forti/ indexes of subjects. A lady told Dr. Johnson that she had read his dictionary carefully, and had not found a single indecent word in it. ''Then, madam, you looked fur them." Now, let any gentleman or lady examine your work ever so carefully for author or work in our language, and I will venture to say that ho or she will not fail to find what either is in search of, and with the least possible amount of labour. Everybody at all interested in English literature should, and will, get your book of Books, and will heartily thank you for its vast treasures. Do pardon me, dear sir, for making this large demand on your patience and important time. I sat down to thank you, and to offer you my sincere wishes for a success which so surely awaits you, And to assure you that I am Truly your obliged friend, &c., WALTER CHANNXNG. S. Austin Allihone, Esq. From lion. Robert C. Winthrop, of Boston. Boston, February % 1S59. Gentlemen: — It gives me pleasure to say that tho first volume of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of Authors meets every expectation I had formed of it, and I concur entirely in all the expressions of our leading literary men as to its value and importance as a work of reference. Tho vast amount of curious matter which it contains renders it a highly interesting as well as useful book, and gives it an attraction which does not commonly attach to any thing bearing tho name of Dictionary. Yours respectfully, ROBT. C. WINTHROP. Childs & Peterson. From Francis TlVaylantJ, DJ)., late President of Brown Uiiiversity, Author of "Wayland's Mora! Science, &c. Providence, Jan. 15, 1859. Gentlemen : — I have devoted some time to an examination of Allibone's Dictionary of Authors, and am of the opinion that it deserves a place in every well-selected library. As a Dictionary of literary biography it is remarkably com- prehensive; the estimate of authors and their works is exe- cuted with great fidelity, and tho refere»ees to the best sources for additional information are of the highest value. It is a book to which the student will have so frequent oc- casion to refer, that he will always desire to have it within reach for the purpose of consultation. I am, gentlemen, yours truly, F. WAYLAND. Childa & Peterson, From W. Gilmore Simms, Esq., of South Carolina, Author of Yomassee; Guy Rivers; Tho Partisan, &c. Woodlands, S.C, Jan. 18, 1859. Gentlemen : — I have great pleasure in expressing my ex- treme satisfaction upon the examination of the first volume of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of English Authors and Lite- rature. It appears to me that he has been eminently suc- cessful in carrying out a plan of exceeding difficulty. His research has been singularly extensive, and as com- plete and accurate as is possible to any living student. I claim to have a considerable intimacy with British Litera- ture, ancient as well as modern and recent, and my private collection is a large onej yet I have turned to numerous heads in Mr. Allibone's Dictionary without being able to discover a single omission; and the details, where given, are as singularly full and copious. As English necessarily includes American literature, I find him equally thorough in his researches and full in his details in regard to author- ship in our country. Briefly, his is a work of immense labour and industry; requiring vast resources in books; very general scholarship; extensive reading; a wonderful memory; a pains-taking that, note-book in hand, sufiers not an item, of any value to a subject, to escape record; and a critical taste and judgment which knows justly upon what feature of an author to expatiate, and seldom fails to discriminate those which aro most essential to the forma- tion of opinions. It is especially his merit that ho seems to preside impartially. It is usually the mistake, if not the offence, of those who have charge of works of this class, that they represent cliques, clans, sects, parties, and but too frequently suffer a bias from association, or a prejudice of party or taste, to impart a tone to their criticism, whether of praise or blame, which renders their judgments unjust, and to this degree valueless. This has been quite too much the case with Ame- rican criticism. Mr. AlUbone shows none of this. He is, besides, far from that wretched sectionality which is but too apt to show itself in the literary compilations of this country. I have been at some pains to see how far he accords his attention to the writers and literary authorities of the South, and it is with pleasure that I find his record making a fair and full showing — as full, perhaps, as can be made — of what has been done, in literary respects, among the Southern people. Some things, no doubt, are omitted, but simply for the reason that no proper record has been made of them at home; and no stranger could possibly trace out tho full sources of information among a rural people, having no large publishing cities, and living so [sparsely in such immense territory, without incurring such a degree of labour and expense as would most effec- tually discourage such an enterprise. Let me congratulate you, gentlemen, upon the success of your editor in this very comprehensive compilation. Nor should I omit to mention that, as publishers, you have done your part of the work in a highly creditable manner. In typography, paper, and binding, this volume is worthy of a place in any library I am, gentlemen, your ob't and obliged scrv't, Childs tt Peterson. W. GILMORE SIMMS. From Lord Napier. H.B.M.'s Legation, Washington, Jan. 15, 1859. ^iV: — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your kind letter accompanying tho first volume of your "Dictionary of British and American Authors." I beg to thank you for the mark of attention of which you have made me the object, and I highly appreciate the value of a work which appears to be much more full and more accu- rate than any of the same kind which have preceded it. I am, sir, your obedient faithful servant, S. Austin Allihone, Esg. NAPIER. 10 TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AaTHORS. From Geo. "W. Bethuue, D.D., of the Dutch Reformed Church, Brooklyn. I am not worthy to give an opinion of Mr. AlUbone's great work, the first volume of which has been on mj table for some days. Aft«r closely reading a number of the articles, I confess myself astonished at the range of infor- mation and accuracy of detail displayed throughout, and equally admire the soundness of the criticisms as well as ho plan on which the notices are constructed. With some of the subjects and their writings my pursuits have made me familiar. Of these I am more competent to judge, and may fairly consider the treatment of them as proving the character of the Dictionary. I have in no case been disappointed. No name of any account has been omitted, and the facts are as fully given as the limits set by the preface would allow. Mr. AUibone has thus far exceeded the highest expecta- tions of bis most partial friends. He has their unfeigned thanks for what he has done in contributing to the biblio- graphy of the world, and their best wishes that his future success may equal (it can scarcely exceed) his present ti'iumph. GEO. "W. BETHUNE. BrooJdi/n, Jan. 8, 1859. From S. Irenseus Prime, D.D., Editor New York Observer. New York, Fch. 3, 1859. Gentlemen: — The first volume of your great Dictionary of Authors I have perused with astonishment and delight. It is just what I have long desired to have, and have sought for in vain. Thousands of clergymen, students, and all literary and intelligent men, must wish to have just this work; and they will have it, when they learn that it is in the world. It deserves the most cordial reception, and I trust that the author and the publishers will have the largest reward for their enterprise and labour. Yours truly, S. IREN^US PRIME. Chihls ti- Peterson. From Fraucis L. Hawks, LL.D., D.D., &c. New York, Feb. 2, 1859. Gentlemen: — The book is of that class of works which make their way by their own merits, and carries with it its own best recommendation. As a book of reference it is one of the most valuable I ever saw, displaying as it does on every page the careful and conscientious research of the author, added to an information the most extensive, and singular impartiality of statement. The amount of labour bestowed on its preparation must have been im- mense j and so well bestowed has it been, that I can readily believe the work is destined to occupy a high position in the department of letters to which it is devoted. Very respectfully, gentlemen, Your obedient servant, FRANCIS L. HAWKS. Childa -■ — I received your first volume on the 30th ultimo, and would have immediately acknowledged your great kindness in honouring me with a presentation-copy, but I wanted first to have an opportunity of looking at various articles, that I might say a word of the work. From this hasty and imperfect examination, it appears to me to be entitled to very high praise. I came upon no article that was not just and discriminating, and could not but wonder that you should have been able to devote the time to it which it manifestly required. Yours trul3', JOS. G. COGSWELL. S. Atistin Allil'One, Esq. From Prof. Charles D. Cleveland, Author of Compendium of English Literature, ic. Phila., 903 Clinton St., Jan. 27, 1859. Gentlemen: — Since I received my copy of AUibone's Dic- tionary of Authors, I have had occasion to consult it very many times, and always to my satisfaction. To praise it would be superfluous: its great value must be patent to every one who merely glances at its pages. Indeed, it is an absolute necessity, not only to every man of letters, but to every family circle where literature is in the least degree cultivated. Wishing you every success which your enterprising Bpirit nobly deserves, I am yours very truly, CHAS. D. CLEVELAND. Childa (£• Peterson. From lion. Roger B. Taney, Chief-.Tustice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Washington, Feb. 12, 1859. Dear Sir: — I am sorry to have so long delayed acknow- ledging your kindness in sending mc the first volume of your Dictionary of English Literature. My apology is, pressing official duties, with infirm health. I have, however, found time to look into it sufficiently to form an opinion of its value; and that opinion is a very favourable one. My examination, for want of more time, has been confined chiefly to eminent English writers of past ages on English law. And I find the prominent events of their lives briefly stated, together with a correct list of their works, (as far as I can judge,) and the criti- cisms upon them by other eminent authors, whether fa- vourable or unfavourable, fairly given. Your plan appears to me to bo new, and a happy one; and as a book of reference your work will be found valu- able in any library. With great respect, I am, dear sir, your obedient servant, E. B. TANEY. S. Austin AUihone, Esq, From Benson J. Lossing, author of Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution, kc. Poitghkeepsie, N. T,, January 13, 1859. 3fi/ dear S!ir : — I received the first volume of your Dic- tionary of English and American Authors just as I was starting for Lake CLiamplain. I have employed every spare moment since my return in a general and special examination of it, and I thank you most heartily for the delight and instruction it has given me. From specimen-sheets I had formed a most favourable opinion of the work ; but I had no just conception of its scope and completeness. The care, industry, patience, perseverance, candour, judgment discrimination, and inde- pendence of spirit, which mark every page, give it a charm for the student such as truth in all its simple beauty never fails to bestow. A profound reverence for facts, an earnest desire to be fair, a sincere wish to be honest, and an open- hearted, open-handed exhibition of each author's works, so that they may be seen in the various lights in which critics have discovered their faults and their excellencies, are everywhere discernible, and give a value to the book that commands high appreciation and prophesies of ho- nourable companiouship with the best literary productions of the age. It will become indispensable to all who feel a desire for general knowledge concerning what has been accomplished in the wide field of British and American Literature, for it will fill a void long felt and lamented. I have examined the work also with especial reference to its value to the inquirer after the best sources of infor- mation on the subject of American history, and find it most perfect in that particular thus far. When the work shall be completed in the same full and comprehensive manner exhibited by this first volume, it will readily answer every reasonable inquiry upon that subject. In a word, my dear sir, the general student, the scholar, the author, all have reason to thank you for the preparation of this work; and I trust it will find its way, freighted with its rich treasures of fact and thought, wherever there is a soul craving such food as it may distribute. Yours very truly, BENSON J. LOSSING. S. Austin Allihon€j Esq. Mk c ai ■fliyBK^^ A P ® WM-QM. tsjais liAziiaaaa?^ aji^^st^s w Tsi iiiiii w 111 fuiiiTiiif I '0i?iTUiii iiiirmME3ry:ar# I'llllTY -niDUoAnn liJDGliAJ'iailt ^.31 Htisi^af fttfitlfio. waas a'tms'ff- a^-aasis a ti-j s'^riBiriE s^ 3 '§.MWBW^T!' iklLmiB DJ^rinj, rilK rrilKF i.l.nirt" IIF KVKKV PKHI-I.E AR[SKS FUOM its AI THnil!^ ■■ lilf IDHXSUN miMm'DiLyjuA Kiihi.a. .M . ..j.liif. In ,111 -lit (.1 ( '.111-1 <-ss, 111 iIh- v.-.ii 1H^>4. hv s Ai s'riN Ai.i.inos i;, L Uu' i\r\k^ oIliK- ol llir llislitd Cniiil .l.(-]n Disliu 1 ol IVimsvlv.ini.i Kiilrrpd an unlink to an at t ol I 'on,. Henry IL, &o., — the following table of the Kings and Queens of England (from Pulleyn's Etymological Compendium) will prove of great service to the reader. WiUiam I. . William It. Henry I... . Stephen.. Benryll... BicJiard /... . John Henry Iir.... Eiliaard I.... Edward IT... Edward III.. Riehardll... Henry v.... Henry YI.. Obtaiaeii the Crown by Conquest. 4tb son of Will. I Youngest son ot WiU. 1 The Hocse of Elois. 3d son of Slepben. Earl of Blols, by Adcla, 4th daughter ot Will. I The House of Pla.n-tageset. Son of Geoffrey Plantagenet. by Matilda, only daughter of Hen . 1, Eldest surviribg son of Hen. II. . . 6lh aud youngest son of Hen. II... Eldest son of John Eldest son of Hen. Ill Eldest surviving son of Ed. I Eldest son of Ed. II Son of the Black Prince, eld. son ofEd.m The House of Lancasteb. Son of John of Gaunt, 4th son of Ed. Ill Eldest son of Hen. IV Only son of Hen. T 1066 10S7 1100 1154 lua nay ii'ie l.'7-J 13« 1327 The House of Tobk. His grandfather. Richard, was son of Edmund. 5th son of Ed. III.; and his graudinother, Anne, was gre..it-grand.daughter of Lionel, :id son of Ed. Ill 1461 Pldestsou of Ed. IV 14-Kl Younger brother of Ed. IV Il4^ Died. A-e. Wh Eciga. 1087 1100 1135 60 43 68 21 13 35 U51 49 19 11S9 lly9 1L'16 v^ri 1307 13.'7 1377 56 41 49 66 07 43 65 35 10 17 56 35 20 50 1400 33 22 1413 1 irj 1471 46 34 49 14 9 39 14S3 H«3 42 11 42 22 2 Eenry VII. . Bcnry VIII.. Edward ri.. ifary Charles /.... Interrefinum. Charles II... James II..... WUUamlll. George I- . Oeorge II..., Georqe III. . George IV... Wil/iiim IV. Victoria The Hodse op Tddor. His fatlterwas Edmund, eldest sod ot Oiveu Tudor and Queen Cathe- rine, widow of Hen. V. ; and liis motlier was Margaret BeauTort, groal-tTand-daugbler of John of Gaunt Only surviving son of Hen, 11 Son of Hen. VIII. by Jane Seymour Daugbler of Hen. VILI. by Cath. ot Arragon Daughter of Hen. VIII, by Axiue Boleyn Tbk House op Stcast. Son of Mary Queen of Scots, grand- daughter of James IV. and Mar- garet, eldest daughter of Hen. VII Only surviving son of Janiea I.... Eldest son of Charlea I Only surviving son of Charles I.. Son of Will, of Kassau, by Mary 1 daughter of Charles I > Eldest daughter of James II } Daughter of James II The H0D8E OP Hakotbb. Eldest son of the Duke of IJnnover. by Sophia, daughter of Frtd. V.. King of Bohemia, and Elixat'Olh, daughter of James I Only son of George I Grandson of George II Eldest son of George III.. 3d sou of George III Daugblerof Edward. Dukeof Kent. 4th son of George Ul 1603 lfii'5 16H0 1688^ 1702 ITU 1727 17t50 1837 Whnm God Preterve. DICTIONAEY gvifc^ anir ^mxkm literature an^ |iiit|or5. ABB Abbot, Abiel, D.D., 1770-1828, a native of Andovcr, Mass., graJuatecl at Harvard College in 1787, accepted a pastoral charge at llaverliill about 1704, at Beverly about 1802. He was the author of. 1. Letters from Cuba, Bos- ton, 1829. 2. Artillery Election Sermon, 1802. 3. Ser- mons to Mariners, 1812. 4. Address on Intemperance, 1815. 5. Sermon before the Salem Missionary Society, 1816. 6. Sermon before the Bible Society of Salem, 1817. 7. Convention Sermon, 1S27. " Dr. Abbot was very courteous and interesting in social inter- course, and was eloi|ueut in preaching." See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. ; Flint's Serm. ; Sljetcli In a Letter from Cuba. Abbot, Charles, D.D., F.L.S., Vicar of Oakley Raynes, Bedfordshire; author of, 1. Flora Bedfordiensis, 1798. 2. A Monody on the Death of Lord Nelson, 1805. 3. Sermon on the Death of Horatio, Lord Nelson, 1S06. 4. Parochial Divinity, or Sermons on Various Subjects, 1807. Abbot, Charles, Lord Colchester, 1757-1829, was the son of the Rev. John Abbot, D.D., Rector of All-Samts, Colchester; educated at Westminster School, and Oxford. In 17S)5, he became M.P. for Halston, and Speaker of the House, Feb. 10, 1802. In 181.3, ho defeated the Roman Catholic Bill in committee. For fifteen years ho held the office of Speaker H.C., and on his retirement was created Baron Colchester. Ho was tho author of an essay On the Use and Abuse of Satire, Oxf., 1786. Speech in the Com- mittee of tho House of Commons on the Catholic Question, 1813. Abbot, Charles, Lord Tenterden, 1762-1832, one of the Judges in the Court of King's Bench. Having been so long accustomed to tho Bench, his lordship exhibited in his last moments a striking instance of the tenacity of tho " ruling passion." The members of his family were gathered around him, to discharge tho last sad offices of kindness, when ho was observed to move his hand along the pillow, as if in the act of writing, and directly after- wards, he was hoard to exclaim, almost in his official tone, "Gentlemen of the jury, you may retire ;" ho then closed his eyes, and expired. Author of, 1. Rules and Orders on the Plea Side of tho Court of King's Bench, Ac, 1795. 2. Jurisprudence and Practice of tho Court of Great Ses- sions of Wales on tho Chester Circuit, London, 1795, 9 vols. 3. Treatise on the Law relating to Merchant Ships and Seamen, in four parts, 1802. The seventh edition of this work, edited by Wm. Shoe, was published Loudon, 1844; Boston, 1816; eighth Loud, edition, 1847, royal 8vo. "This book isaleral classic of hish character, and is frequently cUe4 upon questions of Commercial Law not altered by statute. It is equally distinguished for practical good-sense, and for exten- sive and accurate learning, remarkably compressed, and appropri- ately applied. Chancellor Kent made it the basis of the forty- seventn lecture of his Commentaries upon American Law. There r,5^i" *™ American editions of the work ; but those of 1810 and 1823, enriched with notes and references to American cases by Mr. Justice Mory, are the most valuable, except the late edition, In the fourth American edition, (1829.) now out of print, the learned annotator recast the notes and added many new one'!. A new American edition has just been published, (1845.) containing the notes of Story and shoe, together with notes of American deci- sions, by J. C. Perkins. Esq. This edition is the most desir,aUe one for the American lawyer. Abbot's was the first English trea- tise devoted exclusively to the law of shipping. In 1819, the work was translated into Portuguese. The late English edition by Shoe IS well spoken of 13 Ves. 699; 3 Kent's Com. 2S0; 9 Legal Observer, 276; 1 Angell's Law Int.— This is the first of a series, and promises well for the whole." — Lon, Allien, "The Life op IL\nsid.u. the C.uiTnAOEM.\>j is written in the same easy style that characterizes the author's other compilations." — Lon. Athenipitm, Abbott, Major James, of the Bengal Artillery. 1. T'Hakooriue; a Tale of Maandoo, Lon., 12mo. 2. Nar- rative of a Journey from Heraut to Khiv.a, Moscow, and St. Petersburg; 2d cd., 2 vols. Svo. See Lon. Obs., Dec. 9, 1855, and Lon. Econ., Nov. 17, for commend.itory notices. Abbott, Rev. John S. C, brother of Rev. Jacob Abbott, b. 1805, at Brunswick, Maine, graduated at Bowdcin College, 1825, and at the Theological Seminary in Andover, Mass., 1829. His principal works are The Mother at Home, first pub. 1833; The Child at Home; Kings and Queens ; the Histories of Marie Antoinette, .Josephine, Mad. Roland, Cortez, Henry IV. of France, King Philip, Sovereign Chief of the Wampanoags : these six vols, constitute Abbott's Historical Series. The History of Na- poleon Bonaparte, 2 vols. r. Svo, profusely illustrated. This work has been very severely criticized, — with what justice must bo referred to the judgment of the intelligent reader. All of these works have had a very extensive sale. The Mother at Home has been translated into nearly all the languages of modern Europe, and has been republished in Asia and Africa. It is considered one of the best exposi- tions of the important responsibilities of which it treats. Napoleon at St. Helena, Svo; Confidcutid Correspond- ence of Napoleon and Josephine; History of the French Revolution. 31 ABD A respectable authority thus commends Mr. Abbott's Mother at Home: " There has never before, perhaps, issaed from the press a work BO important to mothers as the one before us. It takes such esti- mates of the maternal character as are OTerwhelmin^ in their so- lemnity. The author has shown himself a master of his subject, and he has treated it with ei^ual delicacy and force." — London Evangelical Magazine. Abdy, E. S. 1. Cases of Diseases cured by Cold Water, Lon., 8vo. 2. Residence and Tour in U.S., 1333, '34, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Abdy, Stotherd, Archdeacon of Esses. 1. A Sermon before the Sous of the Clergy, 1759. 2. A Sermon at a School Feast, 1763, 3. Sermon preached at the Assizes boldea at Chelmsford, before the Hon. Mr. Baron Perrot, 1773. Abdy, T. A., Rector of Thoydangamon. A Sermon preached before the Epping Troop of "West Essex, Y. C, 1797. Abdy, Wm. Jervis, Rector of St. John's, Soutbwark. The British Chri^^tiau's Duty to make Prayers and Suppli- cations for the King in the Day of Trouble, a Sermon, Psalm XK. 1-4, London, 1812. Abdy, Mrs,, an English lady, favourably known as a contributor to the periodical liter.ature of the day. A vol- ume of her poems has been printed for private circulation. Her writings are deserving of high praise for their reli- gious spirit anil grace of style. A Becket, Gilbert Abbott. See Becket, p. 152. A Becket, St. Thomas. See Becket, p. 152. Abeel, David, 1S01-1S46, b. New Brunswick, N.J., a missionary of the Dutch Reformed Church to the East. 1. Journal of a Residence in China, 1829-33. 2. Missionary Conveution at Jerusalem, 183S, N. York, 12mo. 3. The Claims of the "World to the Gospel. See Memoirs, by Rev. G. R. WUliamson, 1S49. Abel, Clark, M.D.,17S0-1826,principal medical officer and naturalist to the embassy of Lord Amherst to China in 1816. Personal Observations made during the Progress of the British Embassy through China, and on its Voyage to and from that Country, in the Years 1816-17, 1818, 4to. This work, valuable as it is, would have been much fuller had not many of the doctor's papers been lost in the "Al- ceste" on her retiu'n voyage. Abel, Thomas. See Able. Abell, John, an English musician. A Collection of Songs in several Languages, London, 1701. Abell, Mrs. L. G. Gems by the Wayside, N. York, 12mo. The Skilful Housewife's Book, N. York, 12mo. Abercrombie, John, 1726-1806, a Scotchman, who wrote many works on Horticulture. His first work, the Gardener's Calendar, was published in the name of Mr. Mawe, gardener to the Duke of Leeds. For this loan of his name, Mr. Mawe received a gratuity of twenty guineas. Abercrombie published fourteen works on his favourite subject, the most important of which was The Universiil Gardener and Botanist, or a General Dictionary of Gar- dening and Botany, exhibiting in botanical arrangement, according to the Linntean System, every Tree, Shrub, and Herbaceous Plant that merits Culture, &c., London, 1778. Abercrombie, John, M. D., 1781-1844, born at • Aberdeen. He was deservedly esteemed in his profession, and eriually so as a writer upon Metaphysics. He made the physician the instructor of the philosopher, and sanc- titiod the knowledge of the one and the meditations of the other by the most fervent piety. With these qualifications for usefulness, the death of Dr. Abercrombie was indeed a public calamity. He studied in Edinburgh, and took his degree there on June 4, 1803. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1805. On tho decease of the celebrated Dr. Gregory, in 1821, he began to occupy the most prominent position as a practising and consulting physician not only in Edinburgh, but in all Scotland. '■ The writings of Dr. Abercrombie contribute no less to the esta- blishment and maintenance of his fame than his very useful career as ft practical member of his profession." 1. Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Spinal Cord, Edin., 1828, 8vo. "In this work, which is characterized by no ordinary degree of purely scientific knowledge, he also gave an indication of the bent ol his genius to tho study of mind and its relations to the body." 2. Pathological and Practical Researches on the Diseases of the Intestinal Canal, Liver, and other Viscera of the Ab- domen, Ediu., 1828, Svo. His Inquiries concerning the In- tellectujil Powers was published in 1830, The Philosophy of tho Moral Feelings in 1833. " On tho whole, this work [Intellectual Powers] must bo con- Bldered as containing much useftil mformation. IX some of his ABE ftrgumcnt.s aro fnrmed with little attention to vig;our, we must re- member that he wrote for many who cannot appreciate a courae of re-aKoniuf; that is not conducted in a popular manner.'' — jSbrtJi Amencaji licvkw. Abercrombie, Patrick, M. B., 1656-1720, born at Forfar, in Angus. His princijial work was The Martial Achievements of the Scots Nation, EtUnburgli, 1711-15, of which Lowndes says: " The first volume abounds in the marvellous, hut the second is valuable on account of its accurate information respecting the British history in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Ros- hurgh, £5. 7. G."' Abercromby, David, a Scotchman, the author of a number of medical works, published from 16S4-S7, Abercromby, David, supposed to be the same as the preceding, wrote, 1. Protestancy to be embraced, or a Me- thod to reduce Romanists from Popery to Protestancy, London, 16S2. 2. A Moral Discourse on the power of Interest, London, 1690-94. and 1744. Aberdeen, George, Earl of. An Inquiry into the Principles of Beauty in Grecian Architecture, Lond., 1822. Aberdour, Alexander. Observations on Small Pox, &c., Edinburgh, 1791. Abcrncthie, Thomas, sometime a Jesuit. 1. Ab- juration of Popery, Edinburgh, 16.58. 2. His Speech, wherein is discovered tho Villany and Hellish Plots, wrought in the Pope's Court, against these our Three King- doms, London, 1G41. Abernethy, John, Bishop of Caithness. Christian and Heavenly Treatise concerning Physicke for the Soule. London, 1622. Abernethy, John, 1680-1 740, born at Colerainc, died at Dublin, a Presbyterian divine, and noted for his zeal iu the cause of the Protestant religion. " lie was aburning and a shining light in his day. Polished in manners, possessing a rich fund of intelligence, with uncommon powers of conversation. »S:c.. he was esteemed and admii'ed as a man, in the private intercourse of life." — .Tamieson. His Sermons on the Being and Perfections of God were widely celebrated, as is evinced by the many editions which have been printed. Four volumes of Posthumous Sermons were published in 174S, 1751, with a life of the author prefixed, *' For solidity of ar^ment, strength and clearness of reasoning, and justness of sentiment, the Discourses on the Attnbutes are equal, if not superior, to any tiling of the kind iu the iinglish lan- guage." — Protestant Pi-eacher. These Discourses wore published, London, 1740, &(;. Abernethy, John, 1763-1831, Surgeon to St. Bar- tholomew's Hospital, London, and Teacher of Anatomy and Surgery. His birthplace is a matter of doubt; either the town of Abernethy in Scotland, or Derry in Ireland. He was sixteen years of age when apprenticed to Mr. (afterwards Sir Charles) Blick, then Surgeon to St. Bar- tholomew's Hospital. At the age of twenty-two, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon, andat the death of Sir Charles Blick he succeeded to the principal post. In 1793, he commenced his series of physiological and surgical essays, which in 1797 were combined into an Svo volume. In 1784, he published part of his Surgical Observations, con- taining a classification of tumours, with cases to illustrate the history of each species, &e., and two years afterwards, Part Second appeared, presenting an account of disorders of tho health in general, and of the digestive organs in particular, which accompany local diseases and obstruct their cure. In 1809, he gave to the public his work on the Constitutional Origin and Treatment of Local Disease, and on Aneurism. A separate volume was likewise pub- lished by him on Diseases resembling Syphilis, and In- juries of the Head; as also, (in 1814,) An Inquiry into the Probability and Rationality of Hunter's Theory of Life, in which he embodied the substance of the first two lectures ho delivered before the College of Surgeons, as their professor, and wlxsrcin he maintained and illustrated the doctrines of his great master. He expired at his coun- try residence at Enfield, April 20, 1831. His disease was asthma, (complicated probably with diseased heart, although ho attributed much to the stomach,) and conso- quent dropsy. His body was not examined, in accordance, as it is understood, with his own desire. As a surgeon, Abernethy was surpassed by none of his contemporaries. Hunter had previously proposed and practised the appli- cation of ligature on the femoral artery for the cure of popliteal aneurism; and this principle was further and successfully extendt'd by Abernethy to the external iliac and carotid arteries, in the treatment of the same disease in some of their offsets. His simple and impressive style of leo- turing never failed to enchain the attention of his audience; while a certain degree of dogm'atism and contempt of those ABE ABR who differed fmra him had too much the effect of render- ing his hearers any thintrbut humbie-uiindcd in their judg- ment of others. In his writings, as in his lectures, his ptyle is clear, simple, and concise. — Rose's New liiofj. Did. His great success in life must be, in a great measure, attri- buted to his having directed the attention of the public to the influence of derangement of the organs of digestion on all the diseases to which flesh is heir. This view of the subject was not altogether novel, but the profession had not paid sufficient attention to it. Abernetby always op- posed, with great zeal, the artificial line of demarcation drawn between surgery and medicine ; he considering the two sciences as "one and indivisible." Let the reader imagine a snug, elderly, sleek, and venerable-looking man, approaching seventy years of age. rather below than above the middle height, somewhat inclined to corpulency, and still upright in his carriage, with his hair most primly powdereil, and nicely curled round his brow and temples. Let them imagine such a person habited in sober black, with his feet thrust carelessly in a pair of unlaced half- boots, and his hands deposited in the pockets of his "pe- culiars," and they have the '* glorious John" of the pro- fession before their eyes. — Phi/xic a]}d Phi/>ttciini8. Abcr- nethy's rudeness of manner is well known, and was a great blemish in the character of one who really possessed a most benevolent heart. We subjoin some anecdotes of this eminent physician, collected from various sources. His eccentricities disgusted so many patients, that Sir Astley Cooper used to say. " Abernethy's manner was worth a thousand a year to /ji'wi." Some of his patients he would cut short with — " Sir, I have heard enough ! You have heard of my book ?" " Yes." '' Then go home and read it." To a lady com- plaining of low 3jiirits, he would say, " Don't come to me ! Go and buy a skipping-rope !" iSonietimes, however, he met with his match : — Cutting a gentleman, one day, short, the patient suddenly locked the door, slipped the key into his pocket, and protested he would be heard ; which so pleased Abernetby, that he not only complied with the patient's wishes, but complimented him on the resolute manner he adopted. He was a great enemy to prolix explanations on the part of his patients. *' People come here," he would often say, "to consult me, and they will torture me with their long, foolish, fiddle-de-dee stories ; so we quarrel ; and then they blackguard me all about this busy town ; but I can't help that." A lady, determined to treat him after his own fashion, having in some way injured her thumb, on enter- ing his room, merely thrust it out towards him, with — " My thumb, sir !" " You, madam," said he, " are the only sen- Eibje woman I ever had for a patient." The l)uke of W , having insisted on seeing him out of his usual hours, abruptly entered his parlour one day; he asked him how he got into the room. " By the door," was the reply. " Then," said Abernetby, " I recommend you to make your exit by the same way." He refused to attend George the Fourth until he had delivered his lecture at the hospital; in consequence of which he lost a royal ap])ointmeot. On Abernethy's receiving the appointment of Professor of Anatomy and Surgery to the Royal College of Physi- cians, a professional friend observed to him that they should have something new, "What do you mean?" asked Abernetby. '* Why," said the other, " of course you will brush up the lectures which you have been so long de- livering at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and let us have them in an improved fnrm." " Do you take me for a fool or a knave?" rejoined Abernetby. " I have always given the students at the hospital that to which they were enti- tled — the best produce of my mind. If I could have made my lectures to them better, I would certainly have made them so. I will give the College of Surgeons precisely the same lectures, down to the smallest details ; nay, I will tell the old fellows how to make a pimltiee." Soon after, when he was lecturing to the students at St. Bartholomew's, and adverting to the College of Surgeons, he chucklingly ex- claimed. " I told the big wigs how to make a poultice." It is said, by those who have seen it, that Dr. Abernethy's explanation of the art of making a poultice was irresisti- bly entertaining. His hobby rt-tained full possession of his mind to the end of his life. He attributed, as we have Been, his disease in a great measure to the stomach. He said, '* It is all stomach : we use our stomach ill when we are young, and it uses us ill when we are old." He wrote for Dr. Rees's Cyclopaedia the anatomical and physiological articles, from the letter A to the word Canal ; of which that on Artery is considered the most important. —Georgian Era / *^ Physic and Pfiysiciaim." The following is a list of his works: — 1. Surgical and Physiological Pl-^says. London, 1793-97, three parts. 2. Surgical Obsicrvations, containing a Classification of Tu- mours, with cases to illustrate the History of each Species. An account of Diseases which strikingly resemble the Ve- nereal Disease, and various Cases illustrative of difl'erent Surgical Subjects. London, 1804. 3. Surgical Observa- tions, Part Second, containing an Account of the Disorders of the Health in general, and of the Digestive Organs in particular, which accompany Local Diseases, and obstruct their cure. Observations on the diseases of the Urethra, particularly of that part which is surrounded by the Pros- tate Gland : and observations relative to the Treatment of one species of the Ntevi Materna*, London, ISOG, 1816. The four following articles may be considered as an en- larged edition of this and the preceding : 4. Surgical Ob- servations on the Constitutional Origin and Treatment of Local Diseases, and on Aneurisms, London, 1809; third edition, ISl.S. 5. Surgical Observations, Part Second, containing Observations on the Origin and Treatment of Pseudo-syphilitic Diseases, and on Diseases of the Urethra, London. 1810. 6. Surgical Observations on Injuries of the Head, and other Miscellaneous Subjects. London, 1810, 7. Surgical Observations on Tumours, and on Lumbar Ab- scess. London, 1811. This and the preceding are intended to form two volumes. 8. An Inquiry into the Probability and Rationality of Mr. Hunter's Theory of Life, being the subject of the first two Anatomical Lectures before the Royal College of Surgeons. London, 1814. 9. The Intro- ductory Lecture for the year 1815, exhibiting some of Mr. Hunter's Opinions respecting Diseases; delivered belore the Royal College of Surgeons, London, ISlo. 10. Phy- siological Lectures, 1817. Surgical Works, anew edition, 1815. 11. An Account of a singular Disease in the Upper Maxillary Sinus. Trans. Med. et Chir. 2p. 309, 1800. 12. Account of Two Instances of Uncommon Formations in the Viscera of the Human Body. Phil. Trans., 1793, Abr. 18p. 295. 13. Observations on the Foramen Thebe.^ii of the Heart. Phil. Trans., 1798, Abr. 18p. 287. 14. Some Particulars in the Anatomy of the AVhale. Phil. Trans. IV. 179ti, Abr. 18p. 675. The celebrated "My Book," to which he was so fond of referring his patients, was the " Surgical Observations, &c." (See Nos. 2 and 3 above.) He thus addresses a patient, "Well, sir. as to the question of diet, I must refer you to my book. There are only about a dozen pages, in which you will find (beginning at page 73) all that is necessary for you to know. I am christened * Doctor My-Book,^ and satirized under that name all over England; but who would sit and listen to a long lecture of twelve pages, or remember one-half of it when it is done? So I have redui-eil my directions into writing, and there they are, for anybody to follow, if they please." The reader should jirocure Mr. George Macilwain's Me- moirs of John Abernetby, with a view of his Writings, Lectures, and Character, London, 2 vols., p. Svo. 1853. '■ Abernethy's memory is worthy of a jrond bio-iraplier, and hap- pily it has found one. Mr.Macilwain writes well: and. evidently, inpivint; the historj' of his deceased friend he executed a labour of love." — London Stundard. Abingdon, Earl of. See Bkrtie. Willotohht. Abiniidon, or Abington, or Ilabington, Thomas. Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Chichester and Litchfield, London, 1717. Reprinted under the title of Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Worcester, to which are added the Antiquities of the Cathedrals of Chichester and Litchfield, London. 1723. Abin^ton, William. See Habington. Able or Abel, Thomas, an English divine, executed at Smithfield, temp. Henry VIII., 1540. The title which follows sufficiently explains the offence given to the king; to which Aide added the still further provocation of de- nying the king's supremacy in matters ecclesiastical : 1. Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catheriuse matrimonio, luvicta Veritas. An Answer that by no man- ner of means it may be lawful for the King to be divorced from the Queen's Grace, his lawful Wife. The king did not, as in the case of Luther, attempt to confute Dr. Able by polemical arguments, but this being a question where the sword was likely to be more powerful than the pen, his majesty brought into requisition a logic which has never failed to silence — if not convince. Dr. Abie's rea- soning may have been perfect, but he argued at a disad- vantage. Between a syllogism and an axe the contest is unequal. The king gained his point, fur he was divorced, and remarried; while good Dr. Able sealed his testimony at Smithfield. Abrabanel, Solomon. Complaints of the Children of Israel, Ac, London, 1736. This refers to the Test Act. ABR ADA Abraham, J, H., Juvenile Essays, &c., London, 1806. Acca, died 740. In the course of his numerous writ- ings. Bede introduces the names of several of his literary friends, most of whom, as we learn from other sources, were eminently distinf;;uished for their learning and virtues. Many of the most important of his commentaries on the Scriptures were composed at the desire of Acca. Bishop of Hexham, and dedicated to that prelate. Acca was a man of considerable learning, and great piety ; he bad re- ceived his first instructions among the congregation of scholars assembled around Bishop B'tsa, and he quitted their society to place himself under Wilfred, who ordained him a presbyter. He continued to be one of Wilfred's most faithful followers until his death, accompanied him on his last journey to Rome, (where he finished his studies,) and was chosen to succeed him iu the see of Hexham. Bede describes the zeal with which he laboured to adorn and enlarge his church, and to enrich it with "a most ample and noble library." In 731, when Bede completed his history, Acca is mentioned as still holding the bishop- ric of Hexham; but soon afterwards, in 732 or 733, he was driven from it for some cause now unknatronorum Acta, fol., Lovanii. 1647, tom. ii., p. '.ySCy. The Life of Columba, from a MS. at Angst, exhibiting a more complete and better text than that of Canisins. 5. Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Bene- dicti. Sa^culnm III., pars secunda, fob, Paris, 1672. The treatise De Locis Sanctis, from (iretser's edition, com- pared with three MSS. 6. Acta Sanctorum Junii, tom. ii., fob, Antverpia-, 169S, p. 197. The Life of Columba, re- printed from Colgan. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Adams, Abigail, wife of John Adams, second Presi- dent of the United States of America, and mother of John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States. Her grandson. Charles Francis Adams, q. v., has published a collection of her Letters; fourth edition, Bost., 1S4S, 12mo. Adams, Amos, 1727-75, minister at Roxbnry, Mas.sa- chusetts, was graduated at Harvard College, 1752. Ho published a number of sermons, 1756-09. lu two dis- courses on the General Fast, April 6, 1769, he gave A Concise Historical View of the Difficulties, Hardships, and Perils, which attended the planting and progressive improvement of New England, with a particular Account of its long and destructive Wars, expensive Expeditions, &c. : republished in London. 1770. Adams, C. Edgar Clifton, 16mo, 1S54; Boys at Home, 16mo, New York, 1S54. Adams, Charles B., I814-185.3,an American natural- ist, has published a number of papers on Conohology. Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama, New York, 1S52, 4to and 8vo. Adams, Charles Francis, son of John Quincy Adams, born 1S07, Boston, Massachusetts. Editor "Let- ters of Mrs. Adams," fourth edition, 1848. Ed. " Letters of John Adams, addressed to his Wife." Ed. "Life and Works of John Adnms," 10 vols., 8vo. Mr. Adams has rendered great service to American literature, in the pre- paration of the voluminous and highly-important works of his grandfather. Adams, Eliphalet, 1676-1753, a minister of New London, Connecticut, published sundry sermons, 17(19-27. Adams, Francis. Plans for raising the Taxes. London, 1798. Adams, Francis. Writing Tables, 1594. Adams, George. Several religious works, Lon. Adams, George, father and son. Lectures, Lon., 1794. 5 vols. Svo; new ed., enlarged by William Jones, 1799, 5 vols. Svo. Various treatises on mathematical in- struments. »fcc.. Lon., 1747-95. Adams, George. New System of Agriculture and Feeding Stock, Lon.. ISIO. Adams, Hannah, 1755-1S.S2, b. at Medfield, Mass, Believing that a work upon a comprehensive plan which should give the history of the various religions of the world was much wanted, she undertook to compile one, — which was published under the title of View of Religion, in three parts: Part 1, containing An Alphabetical Compendium of the Denominations among Christians; 2, A Brief Ac- count of Paganism. Mohammedanism, Judaism, and Deism; 3, An Account of the Religion of the Different Nations of the World. She also wrote: 2. A History of New England. 3. The Evidences of Christianity. Adams, H. C. 1. New Greek Delectus, Lon., 12mo; new ed., 1857. 2. Greek Text of the Gospels, p. Svo. 3. Latin Delectus, 12mo. 4. First of June, 1S56, 12mo. 5. Greek Exercises. 6. Sivan the Sleeper, 1857, 12mo Adams, H. G. 1. British Butterflies, Lon., 16nio 2. Poetical Quotations, 12mo. 3. Sacred Poetical Quotations, 12mo. 4. Favourite Soug Birds; 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. 5. Kentish Coronal, 12mo. 6. Nests and Eggs of British Birds; 1st and 2d Scries, 16mo. 7. Story of the Seasons j 2d ed., 1855. Other works. Adams, or Adam, James. Practical Essays on Agriculture, Lou., 17N9. 2 vols.: 1794. Adams, James. The Pronunciation of the English Language vindicated from im[iuted Anomaly ami Citprice, Edin., 1799 : and other works. Adams, John. 1. Index Villaris ; or, An Exact Register, aljilKibcticallv digested, of all the Cities. &c. in England and Wules. Lon., 1680. '88, 1700. 2. The Renowned City of London surveyed and illustrated in a Latin poem; trans- lated into English by W. F.. of Gray's Inn, Lon., 1670. Reprinted in vol. x. of the Uarleian Miscellany. Adams, John, d. 17J9, Provost of King's College, a native of London, and a very eloquent preacher, pub. a number of serms.. Lon., 1700-16. Adams, John. The Young Sea-Officer's Assistant, both in bis Examination and Voyage, 1773. Adams, John, Master of the Academy at Pnltney. A View of Universal History, 1795. He wrote many other useful edin_'ation;il works, Adams, John. Works on Horsemanship, Lon., 1799. Adams, John. The Young Ladies' and Gentlemen's Atlas. Lon., 1805. Adams, John, F.L.S., a writer on Conchology, 1797- 1800. 35 ADA ADA Adams, John, T704-1740. son of John Atlams, of Nova Scotia, graduuted at Harvard College, 1721. A volume of bis poems was published at Bo.ston, 1745. Ho is stated to have been the " master of nine languages, and conversant with Greek, Latin, Italian, French, and Spanish authors." — AlUti's Amer. Biofj. Vict. Adams, John, 1735-1826, second President of the United St.-ites of America, was born at Braintree, Mass. '' His father determined to give him a collegiate education, and placed him in consequence under the care of Mr. Marsh, that he might be prepared for entrance into the University of Cambridge. He renndned in that institution until the year 1766. when he re- ceived his Bachelor's degree, and, in 1758, that of Master of Arts." In 1765, be published in the Boston Gazette several pieces, which were reprinted in London, in 1768, by Mr. Thos. Hollis, and called by him A Dissertation on Canon and Feudal Law. He also wrote certain pieces for the Boston Ga7.ett«, under the anonymous signature of Nov- anglus, which were inserted in Almon's Remembrancer. These papers were afterwards collected and pub. in Lon- don, in a pamphlet entitled A History of the Quarrel be- tween Great Britain and the American Colonies; A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America against the attack of Mr. Turgot in his letter to Dr. Price dated March 22, 1778, Lon.. 1787, '88. Thiswork was reprinted by Stockdale in 1794, who prefi.xed to it the title of History "of the Principal Republics of the World. "This is both a learned and a judicious work. The writings of Mr. Adams are less known in this country than their merit de- mands." — Eo^e^s New Biag. Ih'ct. Discourses on Davila: a Series of Papers on Political History, by an American Citizen, Bost., 1805. This work was compiled from articles in the Gazette of the United States written by Mr. Adams in 1790. For a complete list of Mr. Adams's pamphlets, Ac, sec Life and Works of John Adams, second President of the United States; edited by his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, lOvols.Svo, 1850-56. " Tlie collection is edited by the Hon. Charles Francis Adams, the depositary of all the manuscripts as weil of John Adams as of his father, the late.Iohn Quincy Ad.imR, and is intended as the first of two great publications elucid-iting the history of the rise and progress of these United States from the year 17G1. in which tlie Hevolutiouary struggle first began, down to the year 1848, when the yoimger Adams died." " Of the writings of our Revolutionary worthies none have been presented to the public witli so much ability, care, ami good faith as those of John Adams. The main portion of the labor devolved on Charles Francis Adams, who has devoted to it several years, and has set an example of thorough research and sound judgment which cannot he too highly commended." — Dr. Rufus W. tiRlswoLD. " A contribution to the materials of American history not second in importance and interest to any of the great publications with which it is most obviously to be compared." — iV. jiiywr. Hev. Letters to his Wife, Bost., 1841, 2 vols. 12mo. See Adams, Charles Francis. Mr. Adams and Mr. Jeflferson, by a remarkable coinci- dence, expired on the same day, July 4, 1826, the anni- versary of American Independence, which they both had so large a share in promoting. Adams, John. 1. The Doctrine of Equity: being a commentary of the law as admiuistered by the Court of Chancery, Lon., 8vo; 3d Amer. ed., with the Notes and References to the previous ed., by J. R. Ludlow and J. M. Collins; .and Additional Notes and References to recent English and American Decisions, by Henry Wharton, Phila., 1855, 8vo. The text-book at Cambridge Law- School, William and Mary College, Cincinnati Law- School, University of Virsiuia, University of Mississippi, Ac. See Colli.ns, John M. 2. Treatise on the Principles and Practice of the Action of Ejectment, Lon., 8vo; with .\mer. Notes and Precedents, by J. L. Tillinghast and T. W. Gierke; with Additional Notes, by Wm. Uogan and T. W. Waterman. N. York. 1854, 8vo. Adams, Captain John. Sketches taken during two Voyages to Africa, Ac, Lon., 1S33, Svo. " AvaluKblo little work."— Low.NUES. Adams, John Couch, b. 1817, Cornwall, Eng., a dis- tinguished astroninner, contrib. many valuable papers to Mem. Ast. Soc, Phil. Tran.s., Ac. Adams, Rev. John Greenleaf,b,lS10, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Practical Hints to Uuiversalists. Chris- tian Victor. Edited and contrib. to " (3ur Day; a Gift for the Times." Also, in connexion with Rev. E. U. Chapin, The Fountain, a Gilt for Temperance: and Hymns for Christian Devotion. Editor of Gosptl Teacher, Ac. Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848, sixth President of the United States, was b. .Inly 11. at Quincy, Mass., son of John Adams, second President of the U. States. At the ago of ten he accompanied his iatber to Euroi)e, and, under his eye, prosecuted his studies during the greater part of the ensuing ten years, b«ing part of the timo at school in Leyden, and a part accomp.anying Mr. Dana on his mission to St. Petersburg, acting as Secretary and French interpreter. Again he was sent to Europe, in 1795, ou a public mi.ssion to Holl.and. I'rom thence he was trans- ferred to Berlin, where he passed four years, in the last of which he made a journey through Silesia. His letters were collected by Mr. Asbury Dickens and published without authority in London in 1804. They were trans, into Ger- man by F. G. Fricse, with remarks by F. A. Zimmerman, and pti'b. at Breslan, 1805 ; trans, into French by J. Dupuy, Paris. 1807. Mr. A. trans, the work of Frederick de Gentz, entitled The Origin and Principles of the American Revo- luti(ui ic.mpared with the Origin and Principles of the French Revolution, Phila., Svo. He also trans. Wieland's Oberon, MS. Of his numerous productions the principal are A Report on Weights and Measures made to Congress, Wash., !S18.Svo; Lectureson Rhetoric and Oratory, Camb., 2 vols. 8vo; DermotMcMorrogh, an Historical Tale, Bost., 1S32, Svo; Letters on the Masonic Institution, 1847, Svo; Eulogies on Madison, (1836.) Monroe, (1831,) and La Fa- yette, (1834 ;) Jubilee of the Constitution, N.York. 1837. See Memoir of the Life of J. Q. Adams, by Josiah Quincy, LL.D.. Bo.st,. 1858. A collective ed. of Mr. Adams's works is promised by his son, Charles Francis Adams. Adams, .louas, a writer on law. 1593. Adams, Joseph, M.D., 1756-1818, an able physician and teacher of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine. Ho pub. twelve treatises, Ac. of a professional nature, Lon., 1795-1816. See Life of John Hunter. Adams, Joseph, of N. Hampshire, 1719-1783, pub. some serms.. 1757, Ac. Adams, Matthew, d. 1753, of Boston, Massachusetts, wrote some fugitive essays. Dr. Benjamin Franklin ac- knowledges his obligations for access to his library. Adams, Nehemiah, D.D..b. 1806. Salem, Mass., set- tled in Boston. 1. The Baptized Child. 2. Remarks on the Unitarian Belief. 3. Lile of John Eliot. 4. South- Side View of Slavery, 12mo. 6. Friends of Christ in the New Testament, 1S53. 6. Christ a Friend. 7. Communion- Sabbath. 8. Agnes and the Little Key. 9. Bertha and her Baiitism. 10. Assurance of Faith: being a Sarmon preached before the Massachusetts Convention of Congre- gational Ministers. 11. Truths for the Times: a Series of tracts. 12. Catherine; or. The Early Saved, 1858. Various pamphlet sermons. Contrib. to Spirit of Pilgrims, Lit. Theol. Rev., Bibliotheca Sacra. Ac. Adams, Q., a writer on Longitude. L()n., ISll. Adams, ll.fi., D.D. The Opening of the Scaled Book of the A|iocalypse shown to be a Syiubol of the Future Re- publication ol' the Old Testament, Lon., 1838. See Church of Eng. Qu;rr. Rev., Oct. 1838. Adams, llice, a theological writer, 1708-1736. Adams, Richard. True and Terrible Relation from Maltravis, in Malaga, Lon., 1648. Adams, Richard, d. 1684, a Non-Conformist divine, educated at Cambridge; expelled for Non-Conformity, 1662. Ho compiled the Notes on St, Paul's Epistles to the Philip- pians and Colossians in Phole's Bible, and assisted his brother, Thomas Adams, in some other works. Adams, Robert. Expeditionis Hispanorum in Ang- liam, vera Dcscriptio, anno 1588, Roberto Adamo, Au- thore, 1589. Adams, Robert, b. Hudson, N. Y'ork. Narrative of Robert Adams, a sailor, who was wrecked on the Western Coast of Africa in 1810, was detained three years in slavery by the Arabs of the Great Desert, and resided several months in the citv of Timbuctoo. Pronounced an imposition by the N. Amer^Rev.. vol. v., 1817. " A curious, marvellous, but authentic narrative." — LOWKLES. Adams, S. Elements of Reading, Lon., 1781. Adams, Samuel, D.D., pub. some serms., 1716. Adams, Samuel, 1722-1S03, Governor of Massa- chusetts, graduated at Harvard College, 1740. He wrote a number of political essays. Adams, Sarah Flower, d. 1848, a musical composer; authoress of works collected under the title of Adoration, Aspiration, and Belief. She wrote some poetical pieces and criticisms. Adams, T. Democracy Unveiled, Lon.. 1811. Adams, T. History of the Town of Shaftesbury, 1R09. Adams, Thomas. Serm. on Rev. xxii. 12, 1660. Adams, Thomas, a theological writer, pub. 1613-33. Adams, Thos., d. 1670, wrote in opposition to the Es- tablished eh. id' Eng.. and on the Principles of Religion. Adams, Wm. Complete History of the Civil Wars in Seollaod. 1614-16; 2d cd., Edin.. 1724. Adams, Wm. Fifteen Occasional Serms., Oxoii.,1716 AM. ADD Adams, Win. Vitruvius Scoticns, Ac, Edin. 1750. Adams, Wm., Surgeon, London. Disiiuisitiun on the Stone, Gravel, nnd the Diseases of the Bhidder, Kid- neys. &(!., London, 177;^. Adams, Wm.,D.D., 1707-1789, Master of Pembroko, Oxford. &*•., author uf a number of stTinons, and an An- Ewerto Iliinie's very absurd Essay on Miracles. Dr. Adams was a valued friend of Dr. Johnson's. Boswell tells us: " We then went to Pembroke CoUt'jie. and waited on bis nid friend Dr. Adams, the master of it. whom I found to be a most polite, pleasing, communifative man. He had distinj;uished him- self by an able answer to David lluaie's ' Kssay on Miracles.' He told me he had once dined in company with Hume in Londnn; that Hume shook hands with him. and said, ' You have tri-atcd me much better than I deserve;' and that they exchanged visits." Adams, AVm. Political treatises, 1796-97. Adams, Sir Wm,, Surgeon and Oculist Extraoi-dinary to the Prince Regent. Among other professional works, this eminent oculist has published, A Practical Intjuiry into the Causes of the frequent Failure of the Operations of Depression, and of the Eiitraction of the Cataract, as usually performed, &c., Lond., 1817. This work has been commended as one of great value to the chirurgieal lil)rary. Adams, William, 1S14-1S48, Vicar of St. Peter's, Oxford, acquired considerable celebrity as a writer of re- ligious works. See some notices of his life in A Remem- brancer of Bonchureh, It^le of AVight, the burial-place of the Rev. W. Adams, Lon., p. Svo. 1. Pacred Allegories; 2d ed., 184-1, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1S55, cr. Svo ; illustrated by Foster, 1S55, sm. ito : this is composed of Nos. 2, .3, 4, and 6. 2. Shadow of the Cross, 1842, 12mo: Sth ed.. 1S49. 3. The Old Man's Home; 8th ed., 185:^.. 12mo. 4. Distant Hills; 4th cd., 1847, ]2nio. 5. The Fall of Croesus, 1846, fp. Svo. 6. The King's Messengers, 1S47, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo. 7. Warnings of the Holy >Veek ; 3d ed., 1849, 12mo; 4th ed., 1^52, 12mo. 8. Cherrv-Stones ; edited by H. C. Adams, 18ol. fji. 8vo ; 4th ed., 1855, 12mo. Adams, Zabdiel, 1730-1 SOI, of Massachusetts, cousin to John Adams, second President of the United States of America, pub. some serms., 1771-88, Adamson. Pocmata Sacra, &c., Lon., 1619. Adamsoii. A work njinn Elect Sinners. Lou., 1768. Adamson, Henry. Muses Threnndie, Edin., 16;!8. Adamson, John. The Muse's Welcome to King James VL at his return to Scotland, anno 1617, Edin., 1618. The speeches will I)e found in Nichols's Progress ot King James. He jiublishod several other works. Adamson, John^ M.A., Rector of Burton Coggles. 1. The Duty and Daily Frequenting of the Public Service of the Church; a Sermon on Matt. xxi. 13,1698. 2. Funeral Serm.. Rev. xiv. 13. 1707. Adamson, John, 1 7S7-1855. 1. Memoir of Camoens, 1820. 2. Hi.story. Antiquities, and Literature of Portugal, vol. i., 1842, Svo; vol. ii., 1846, 8vo. Adamson, M. A Friendly Epistle to Neighbour John Taylor, of Norwich, Lon., n. d. Adamson, Patrick, 1543-1591, Archbishop of St. Andrew's, was born at Perth. He wrote a number of theo- logi■/. ICC to Atldisnn's Wcarance. This periodical, of which as many as 20,000 copies were sold in a day, still retains its popularity. Addison's contributions may be known by the signature C. L. I. or 0., forming the word " Clio." The Guanlian, commenced March 12, 1713, was also largely indebted to Addison. In 1713 ap- peared the celebrated tragedy of Cato, which was acted for thirty-five successive nights, notwithstanding Pope's opi- nion that it was not so well suited to the stage as it was to the closet. In this year was published a political scjuib of our author's, entitled The Trial and Conviction ol Count Tariff. On the breaking out of the rebellion in 1715, Addison supported the government with great vigour in the Freeholder, which was published from Septemljer 23 to June 29, of the next year. His verses to Sir Godfrey Kneller, and a few other minor pieces, were given to the world about this time. In 1716, he married the dowager Countess of Warwick: of this match Dr. Johnsos remarks : — " This marriage, if uncontradicted report can be credited, made no addition to his happiness ; it neither found nor made them equal. She always remembered her own rank, and thought her- self entitled to treat with very little ceremony the tutor of her son." He breathed his last at Holland-bouse on the 17th June, 1719, when just entering the 4Sth year of his age. ** Before he expired, be sent for his step-son, the Earl of Warwick, then in his 21st year, and while the young nobleman stood at his bedside to receive his commands, grasping his hand, he said he had called him that he might see with what peace a Christian could die. He left an only daughter by the countess." Sir Richard Steele acknowledges himself indebted to Addison for a considerable part of his comedy of the Ten- der Husband, which appeared in T704; an aim d-alh — an immense fame, and affection af- terwards f'ti' !iis hapiiy and spotless name."' — T/iackerat/'s Knglish Haiiimists of the J-Jn/hd'inUi f^ntury. '■ We must remember that, however narrow, and prejudiced, and exclusive may s.*om to us the do^^mas of Addison's literary criti- cisms, yet that these were the first pnjmlar essays in Knglish to- wards the investij^atiou of the grounds and axioms of it'sthetic SL-ience, and that eveu here, in innumerable instances, (as, for ex- ample, in the celebrat*-d reviews of I'aradise Lost, and of the old national ballad of Chevy Chase,) we find the author's natural and delicate sense of the beautiful and sublime triumphing over the accumulated errors and false judgment of bis owu artificial age, and the author of Cato doing unconscious homage to the nature and pathos of the rude old Border ballad-maker."— Prof. T. U. Shaw. "■ In a word, one may justly apply to him what Plato, in his al- legorical language, says of Aristophanes; that the Urai-es. having searched all the world for a temple wherein they might forever dwell, settled at la.st iu the breast of Mr. Addison."— Mklmotii. *■ Addison wrote little in verse, much in swei-l. .ligaiit, \ irgilian prose; so let me call it, since Longinus calls ll^-rnib.tus most Homeric; and Thucydides is -said to have formed his style on Pindar. Addison's compositions are built with the finest mate- rials, in the taste of the ancients. I never read him. but I am struck with such a disheartening idea of perfection, that I di'op my pen. And. indeed, far superior writers should forget his com- positions, if they would be greatly pleased with their own." — Dn. Youxo. " In refined and delicate humour Addison has no superior, if he has any eiiual. in English prose literature. . . . Who can set limits to the influence which such a mind has exerted? And what a lesson should it read to the conductors of our periodic press, from the stately quarterly to the daily newspaper! W hat untold gain would it be to the world if they would think less of party, and more of Truth: if they would ever be found the firm advocates of every thing that tends to elevate and bless man. and the steadfast, out-spokeu opponents of all that tends to degrade, deliase, and brutalize him !"— Peof. C. D. Cleveland. " In Addisnu the reader will find a rich but chaste vein of hu- mour and satire; lessons of morality and reIi:_'ion, divested of all austerity and gloom; criticism at once pleasing and profound; and pictures of national character and manoeis that must ever charm from their vivacity and truth." — Dr. IIliRD. "Greater energy of character, or a more determined hatred of vice and tyranny, would have curtailed his usefulness as a public censor. He lef Aiblisou's numerous and well-known ^n■itings, it may be affirtufd tkit they rest on the solid basis of real excellence, in moral tendiMicy as well as literary merit. Vice and folly are satirized, virtue and decorum are rendered attractive: and while polished diction and Attic wit abound, the purest ethics are incul- cated." — Mauxder. " As a writer, as a man, and as a Christian, the merit of Addison cannot be too hi-hly extolled. His stvle has been always es- teemed a model of excellence bv men of taste. IHs humour has a charm which cannot be described; his philosophy is rational, and his morality is pure." — Afln-mnnn. The Life of Adilison, by Lucy Aikin, 2 vols., London, lS4;i, post Svo, with Portrait. " Miss Aikin has not left a stone unturned, that her monument to one of our most polished writers and completi? minds may be Ciir. upright, and symmetrical. Her book contains the first com- plete life of Addison ever put forth. As a literary biography it is a model; and its pages are besides enriched by many hitherto un- publishi'd letters of Addison." — Lmirlmi Atlienfpum. In coneluiliui^ our sketch of this eminent author, we may observe, that perhaps no English writer has been so fortunate as Addison in uniting so many discordant tastes in a unanimous verdict of approbation. Browne has been thought pedantic, Johnson inflated. Taylor con- ceited, and Burke exuberant; but the gracel'ul simplicity of Addison delights alike the rude taste of the unedu- cated, and the classic judgment of the learned. His ex- quisite humour charms our youth, and his affectionate ad- monitions impress upon our hearts those religious verities which can alone confer dignity upon age. ADI Wo subjoin a list of Addison's works: 1. Kcmarks on several parts of Italy in the years 1701, 1702, 1703, London, 1705, 1718, 1761. The same translated into Latin, under the title of Addisoni Epistola Missii ex Italia, ad illustrcm Dominuin Halifax, anno 1701. Auctoro A. Murphy, 17'J9. 2. Campaign; a Poem with a Latin version. 3. Poems, 1712. 4. The Five "Whig Examiners, 1712. 5. Cato; a tragedy, 17Ki. The same in Italian and Freurh, 1715. In Latin, under the following title: Cato Tragu'dia, Auc- tore Clarissimo Viro Josepho Addi.son inter Auglia nostra) Principes Poetas, jure nemerando, omissis Amotoriis Scenis. Latino Carmine Versa, 1763. This translation has been commended as "■ In general elegant, and executed with great spirit. The style approaches that of Senec.n, the tragedian.'' 6. Essay concerning the Error in Distributing Modern Medals, 1715. 7. A Poem to the Princess of Wales; another to Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1716. 8. Freeholder, 1716. 9. The Drummer, or tiie Haunted House, 1716. 10. Freethinker, 1722. 11. Dis.sertation.s on the must cele- brated Roman Poets: Englished by Charles Hayes, 1718. 12. Notes upon the Twelve Books of Paradise Lost, col- lected 1719. 13. Dialogues upon the Usefulness of An- cient Medals, especially iu relation to the Liitin and Greek poets, 1726. 11.* Ode to Dr. Thomas Burnet, 1727. 15. Divine Poems, 1728. 16. On the Evidences of the Christian Religion, 1730. 17. Discourses on Ancient and Modern Learning. His papers contributed to The Tatler, Spectator, Guar- dian, aud Freeholder, together with his Treatise on the Christian Religion, were collected into 4 vols., Edinburgh, 1790. Iu the Tatler his papers have no signature; in the Spectator, as we have remarked, they are either C. L. I. or 0. (Clio.) In the Guardian, they are marked by a hand. Addison's works, portrait and plates, 4 vols. 4to. Baskcrville's splendid edition, Birmingham, 1761. " He who hath the Baskerville edition hath a good and even a glorinus prrforiiuiuce. It is pleasant (and. of com-so, protilablr) to turn nv..-r the pages of these lovely tomes at ones Tusiuium, on a day of oppression from heat or of confinement from raiu." — DlKDIN. Addison's Complete AVorks, the first complete edition ever published, including all of Bishop Hurd's edition, with numerous pieces now first collected, and copious notes, by Prof. G. W. Greene. A new issue, in 6 vols., 12mo, with Vignettes, ttc. N. York, 1854 j ed., with addi- tions by H. G. Bohn, 6 vols. " Nothing stamps the literary reading of the present day with a more exalted character than the fact of the profitable repulilish- ment of the old English classics. We congratulate the public upon having it in their power to purchase an edition of Addison's works, so complete as this promises to be. such an oruanieut to the library as it will prove, and i-dited with so much tact. To undertake to praise the writings of .Ins^-ph Addison is a work of supereroga1ii>n. It is sutticieut to say. that more persons have formed their style on his prose writiugs than on those of any other English writer." Addison, Lancelot, D.D.. 1632-1703, father of the preceding, was born at Crosby Ravensworth, in West- moreland. He was the sou of a clergyman, and adopted the same profession. He was noted at college for his ac- quirements. Not being iu favour with the rulers of the day, he obtained no preferment until the Restoration. His first post was that of chaplain at Dunkirk. He was ap- pointed king's chaplain in 1070. Dr. Addison wrote a number of works, which met with a moderate share of appro})ation. They relate principally to the early history of Mohammedanism, to the present state of the Jews, and to the sacraments of the Christian church, published 1671-9S. Addison, William, M.D. Healthy and Diseased Structure, Consumption, &c.. Lon., 8vo. "A work deserving the pernsnl of every one interested in the late r-'ipid advance of physiology and pathology." — Mrdico-Chifur- gicat Jferiew. 2. Malvern Waters in Cases of Consumption, Svo. 3. Cell Thcra]>eutics. 12mo. 1856. Addy^ William, Stenographia. Lon., 1095. "More remarkable for the accuracy and elegance of its graphical execution, than for any considerable improvement in the art."— Lowndes. Adee, Herbert. Sermon on 1 Cor. ii. 14. Lond., 1712. Adee, Nicholas. Sermon on Luke xx. 41, Lond., 1 685. Adec, S. Con. to Phil. Tran. aud to Archajo!.. 1755, &c. Adey, author of Sermons, pub. London, 1755-60. ■ Adheim. See Aldhelm. Adis, Henry. Sermon on 2 Chron. xxxii. 25, Lon- don, 1660. 33 ADK AlK Adkin, L. Serms. pub. 1782-86 and 1806. Atlkins, VV, The Hortorian Miscellany. &c., 1768. Adier, George J., h. 1821, in Germany: t-»r»e to U. States, isy;i; grad. N. York Univ., 1844; "Prof. German Language in same institution, 1846-54. 1. Germun Gram- mar, 1846. 2. German Reader, 1847, 3. German and Eng- lish Dictionary, 1848, N. York, Svo : the must complete work of the kind pub. iu the U.S. 4. Abridgment of same, 12mo, 1851. 5. Manual of German Literature, 1853. 6. Latin (Jrammar, 1:^58, Adolphus, John, 1766-1845, b. in London, barrister- at-law. 1. Hii^t. of Kngland from the Accession of George III. to 1783, 3 vols., 1802 ; new ed.. 7 vols. Svo. " We have no hesitation in recommending the volume before us as a useful and interesting work. The future historian will recur to it as a valuable magazine of facts which will teud much to diminish the labour of his investigations." — Editi. ii'co. 2. Biog. Memoirs of French Revnhitinn, 2 vols., 1799. *' A work in which, with great aliility. c<>ll(.-cting everywhere from the most authentic sources, .-tud sul.juining unilbrmly a full refer- ence to his authorities, he gives the only aci urate hiatury yet extant of those tremendous times and the principal ageuta iu them." — British 0)-itic. lie pub. other works, and assisted Archdeacon Coxe in preparing for the press his Mercoirs of Sir Hubert Walpole. Adoli>hu$, John Leycester, son of the preceding. 1. Letters to Richard Jleber, 1821. This work was written to prove that Sir Walter Scott was the author of the Waverley Novels. " From its appearance Sir Walter felt that liis incognito was ended, and thenceforth he wore bis mask loosely." 2. In connexion witli T. F. KUis, Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Court of King's Bench 4 Wm. IV., 1834-40, 12 vols. r. Sv..; Lon., 1835-12; new series, 1841- 47, 8 vols. r. Svo; 1842-48. Adorno, J, N. Ilannony of the Universe. Svo. Lon. Adrian IV.,d.ll59. wa< the niil\ Kii-li.-lunan whoever attained the papal throne, ili- iiMinr iin;j:iiiaily wa^ Xicho- las Breakspear ; his native plun . banglry, near SI. Alban's. He wrote an account of his legation, a treatise on the Miraculous Conception, and some sermons. Adrian, Robert, LL.D., 1775-1843. Improved ed. of lliitton's Matlicnialics, ttc, Scientific papers. &e. Ady, J. The Harmony of the Divine Will. Lund., ISll. Ady, T., a writer upon Witchcraft. Lond., 165C-61. Adye,R. \V. Bombardier and P. Gunner. Loud.. 1813. Adye, S. P. Treatise on Ct.Martials. Ac. Lond.. 1778. ^ry, T.,M.D.,amedical writer, Whitehaven. 1774, &q. jEton, A treatise on the Church, Edinbiirirh. 1730. Attieck, Capt. Agitation of the Sea, &r., Phil. Trans. A^ar, >V. Fourteen Sermons, &c., London. 1756-59. Atcard, Arthur, 1540-]615, a learned antiipiary. born at Foston. Derbyshire. He wrote a number of treatises upon the High Court of Parliament, the Antiquity of Shires, of the Hoxises or Inns of Court, and Chancery, and upon Doomsday Book. Agas. See Aggas. Agassiz, Lonis Joan Rodolphe, born 1S07, at Motiers. Canton of Freyburg, iu Swit/,erhind. His ances- tors were of French origin, and were among the number of those Protestants who, in 16S5, at the time of the Revo- cation of the Edict of Nantes, were forced to fly from France. His father, who was a Protestant minister, intended him for the church ; but, owing to au intuitive love for Natural History, be preferred tho study of Medicine, as affording a fuller scope for the bent of his genius. To carry out this design, he entered the Medical Schl!.-^i|ii.-s fi»ssiles. .5 parts. 4to. NeufL-liatel, 1S40-15. No- menclatiir ZMi.lM.ricus, 1 vol. 4to, Joloduri, 1842-46. BiMiographia I Zoolo;,^i;e et t;eolo_;i;e, London, 3 vols. Svo, !{.ay Soc.. 1S4S.~ Lake I Superior: its physical character, Ac. plates and maps. Svo. 1850, ' Twelve Lectures on Comparative EiiiV)ryolO[;y. Svo, 1849. Id con- ( nection with Dr. A. A. (iould, Principles of Zoology, 2ded.. 1^51, ' Contributed many valuable articles iuTi-ans. Lond. Zool.Soc; Brit. I Assoc; Hilliman's .Tour. : Kdin. New. Phil. Jour.; Proc. Lond. Geol. I Soc; Phil. Ma?;.; Bibl.Univ.; L.u. Br. N. .Tahrb. Proc. Am. Assoc; Trans. Amer. Acad. Science and Arts; Smithsonian Cuntrih., &c. Contributions to the Natural History of the U. States, 1 Bost., 1857, 2 vols. 4to, — to be complete in 10 vols. I "There are 2600 subscribers to this work in the United States. A magnificent support of a purely scientific undertaking, executed on a g-raod and expensive scale ; a tribute to the worth of science, and an appreciation of the labours of a great original iiivesiigator, such as lias never before been exhibited to the world." — PnOF.C. G FfiLTON : Aj^l'ton's IVew .Anier. Ci/c. Agate, John. Tlieulogical Treatise, Oxford, 1708. Agate, \V. Sermons, published 1750-o8. Agg, John, a novelist. Published Lou., 1808-13. Aggas, Ralph, a surveyor and engraver. "Tlii-^ ci-kliratf'd surveyor published the first map of London in 1560, r.]uililish'-(i in lOlSand likewise in 1037 .''—Lowndes. Aglionby, E. Latin Poem in Wil.son's Epigram., 1552. Agliouby, John, D.D., 1566-1609, originally De Aguilon, educated at Queen's College, Oxford, was chaplain to James I., and one of the divines engaged in the version of the Scriptures set forth by that monarch. Aglionby, W. Works upon Painting. Lend., 1 685, &c. Aguilar, Grace, was born at Hackney, England, June, 1816. Her father was Emanuel Aguilar, a merchant, i descended from tho Jews of Spain. She went abroad for I her health, and died in Frankfort, in 1847. She could not I speak for some time before her decease; but having learned I to use her fingeis in the manner of the deaf and dumb, I almost the last time they moved, it was to spell upon them I feebly, — " Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." She wrote The Magic Wreath, a little poetical work ; Home Influence, Mother's Recompense. Jewish Faith, its Conso- lation, &c.. Records of Israel, Women of Israel. Vale of ( Cedars, Woman's Friendship, Days of Brnce, and Home Scenes and Heart Studies. Several of these were pub- lished after her death. Home Influence, a Tale for Mothers and Daughters, second eilition. in 1 vol.. with a Memoir of the Author. Agutter, Wm. Sundry Sermons. Lond., 1706-180S. Ahlers, C. Woman of Godaluiing. London. 1726. Aickin, J. On Grammar, 169;.i : Counterfeiting, 1696. Aickin, J. Sermon, publi.'^hcd Dublin, 1705. Ailicn* Sermons, Edinburgh. 1767. Aikin, Ann:i L. See BAitBAn.n. Aikin, Arlhnr, was one of the editors of the Annals of Philo.sophy, and a voluminous writer upon Mineralogy and Chemistry. He edited The Annual Review. 1803, &c., 7 vols. His Journal of a Tour through North Wales, Ac, 1797, Stevenson praises as "an admirable specimen of a mineralogical and geological tour." Aikin, C. R., surgeon, London, in conjunction with the above itublisbed a Dictionary of Chemistry. 1807-14. He was the author of several other professional works. Aikin, E. Architectural works, London. 1808-1810. Aikin, J., conlrllnitor to Phil. Trans., 1774. Aikin, John, .M. D., 1747-1822. born at Kibwortb, Harconrt. was the only sou of Rev. J. Aikin, LL.D.. and brother of Anna Lctitia Aikin, afterwards Mrs. IJarlmuld. He attended the lectures of Dr. John Hunter in 1770, and took the degree of M. D. atLeyden. His first publications were professional, and very favourably received. In 1772 he published his vol. of Essays on Song Writing, which has AIK AIN been commended as "a much esteemed and elegant collec- tion." In 1775 he published A Specimen of the Medieal Bi<)j;raphy uHircat Britain, which was sufficiently approved to induce liim tu prepare a vuhiino of Biographical Me- moirs of Medicine in Great Britain, from the revival of Literature to the time of Ilervey. London. 1780. About the year 17!'-, in conjunction with his pister, he commenced the Evenings at Home, completed in 6 volumes in 1790. Almost the whole of the matter was the production of the doctor's pen. " ThesL- little books are too well known to require any comment ; and they have led the way to many othci-sof a similar nature, and bei?u tianslated into almost every Europi.'an lan;;ua;j;e." He next published the Letters from a Father to a Ron. From 1796-1S07 he was literary editor of the Monthly Magazine. In January, 1S07, he started the Athenanim, winch was discontinued in ISO!). He commenced, in 1796, a General Biography, in which Mr. Nicholson. Drs. En-- field and Morgan, and others, assisted him. This wiuk extended to ten quarto volumes, and was published 1709- 1815, having employed the doctor nearly twenty years; yet time was found by him for various other .iterary works. — Eose's New liioy. Diet. Widely ditiVrent opinions have been entertained as to the merit of Aikiu's Biographical Dictionary. Mr. (Jiffordcalls it a '* worthless compilation," whilst Roscoc, in his Life of Leo X., praises it as *'a work which does not implicitly adopt prescriptive errors, but evinces a sound judgment, a manly freedom of sentiment, and a correct taste." Here is a vast diti'erence of opinion ! We find some reference to this work in Mr, Southey's Cor- respondence : " Did I tell you," he writes to hia brother, " that I have promised to supply the lives of the Spanish and I'oituguese aulhdrs Jn the remainincf volumes of Dr. Aikin's great General Bio-rraphy?" In 1807, he tells Lont^man & Co., " At Dr. Aikin's request. I have un- dertaken (long since) the Spanish and rortusruese literary part of bis bioj;rapby. Some artii-les appealed iti the last volume.and few as they are. I suppose they entitle me to it. Will you ask Dr. A. if this be the case?'' From 1811-15, he edited Dodsley's Annual Register. In 1820, his last publication, the Select Works of the British Poets, (Johnson to Beattie,) made its appearance. A con- tinuation of the series by other hands has been published. Dr. Aikin died December 7, 1822. He was emphatically a literary man. Dr. Watt gives a li^t of about fifty publi- cations of this industrious and useful writer. Aikin, Tjiicy, daughter of the preceding, authoress of several historical and other works. Epistles. Juvenile Correspondence. Memoii's of the Court of James I., Lon., 1S22, 2 vols. Svo. " An admirable historical work, nearly as enfertaininf; as a novel, and far mori; instructive than most histories." — Edinbuvgh Ixtvitw. Miss Aikin has also given to the world, Mem. of the Court of Queen Eliz., 1818, 2 vols. Svo; of the Court of Charles I., 18:t:i, 2 vols. Svo; Lifeof Aildison, 1843. 2 vols. Svo. Aikman, Jas, Poems, chiefly lyrical, Edin., 1816. Ailmor, John. See Avl.mkr. Ailrod of Kievanx, 1109-1106. The name of this eminent writer, which was properly Ethelred, is variously spelt in oUl manuscripts, Ailred, Aelred, Aired, Ealred, Alured. (tc. Ailred, the most usual form, appears to bo merely a north-country abbreviation of Ethelred. He was horn in 1100. and was educated in company with Henry, sou of David, King of Scotland, whose friendship, as well as that of his father, he continued long to enjoy; and the latter would have raised him to a bishopric, but he prefer- red entering himself as a Cistercian monk in the Abbey of Rievaux, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Here his vir- tues and abilities were soon acknowledged by his fellow- monks, and he was made master of the novices. His monkish biographer tells us that his extraordinary sanctity was exhibited Ijy miracles which he performed almost in his childhood. After remaining some time at Rievaux, Ailred was removed to be made ahl)ot of the monnstery of Revesby in Lincolnshire, which was a more recent founda- tion of the Cistercian order. He died on the 12th of Janu- ary, 1166, at the age of fifty-seven. As an historical writer, Ailred has little importance in comparison even with the ordinary chroniclers of his age, for he too generallv pre- fers improbable legends to sober truth. His historical works are not very numerous. They consist of, 1. The Life of Edward the Confessor, which has been frequently printed. 2. An account of the Battle of the Standard, printed by Twysden. 3. A work entitled in the old cata- logue of Rievaux, De Generositate et Moribus et Morte regis David, which also has been printed by Twysden, who gives it the title Geuealogiaregum Anglorum. This book, dedicated to Henry II. before his accession to the throne, begins with an account of David, King of Scotland, which is followed by a brief history of the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman kings. The old bibliographers have made more than one book out of this tract. 4. The Life of St, Margaret, Queen of Scotland, which is only preserved in an abridged form. 5. The Story of a Nun of Watton in Yorkshire, who was seduced and afterwards repented. 6, 7. The early catalogue of the library of Rievaux, printed in the Reliiiuia* Antiquae. enumerates, among Ail- red's writings, a Vita Sancti Niniani Episcopi, and a trea- tise De Miraculis Hagustaldcnsis Ecclesia?. The Lite of St. Ninianus was formerly in MS., Cotton. Tiberius D. 3, now nearly destroyed. The Miracles of the Church of Hexham are preserved in the Bodleian Libraiy. John of Peterborough, under the date 1103, observes, "Here emls the chronicle of Ailred." Ailrcd's theological writings are more numerous, and consist of. S. Thirty-three homilies or sermons, De Onere Babylonis, on the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth chapters of Isaiah, addressed to Gilbert, Bishop of London, and therefore written after 1161. 9. The Speculum, or Mirror of Divine Love. 10. A Com- pendium Speonli Oharitatis. 11. A dialogue Dc Spiritual! Amicitia, the plan of which arose from the perusal of the treatise De Amicitia of Cicero. 12. A tract on the words of the evangelist. Cum factus csset Jesus annorum duode- cimo anno Christi, which is sometimes entitled De duo- decimo anno Christi. This work, and the four preceding, were collected and printed at Douai early in the seventeenth century, by Ri<--hard Gibbons, a Jesuit, and were rcjtrinted in the Bibliotheca Patrum. 13. Liber de Institntionc In- chisarum, or the Rule of Nuns. This, being i'ound with- out the name of the author, was printed among the works of St. Augustine, but it was given under Ailred's name in the collection of monastic rules published by Lucas Hol- stenius. It is enumerated among Ailred's works in the early catalogue of the Rievaux library. 14. He wrote a considerable number of homilies and sermons, some of which have been printed. Thirty-two of his sermons are intermixed with those of St. Bernard in a manuscript at Lambeth, and twenty-five inedited sermons of the same writer were printed in the Bibliotheca Cisterciensium. 15. A large collection of epistles by Ailred appear to be entirely lost. 10. His dialogue De Katura Anima* is pre- served in the Bodleian Library. MS. Bodl. Mus. o2. 17. The old catalogue of Rievaux mentions a work by Ailred, entitled Fasciculus Frondium. His rhythmical prose in honour of St. Cuthhcrt, as well as his " Epitajih on the Kings of Scotland," is lost, unless the latter be the prosaic Chrouicon Rhythmicum jirinted at the end of the Chronicon of Mailros, in the edition by Mr. Stevenson. Among the manuscripts of Cains College, Cambridge, according to Tanner, there is a version of the Life of St. Edward in Leonine Latin Elegiacs, ascribed to Ailred, and commencing with the line, — ■ Cum tibi, Laurenti, cogor parere jubenti. On account of this poem, Leyser admits Ailred into hia list of mediteval Latin poets. — Abbreviated from Wrir/ht'a Biog, Brit. Lit. Ainslie, Alex,, M.D. Medical writer, Edin., 1753, &c. Ainslic, Hew., b. 1792, Ayrshire, Scot., settled in America, 1822. 1. Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns. 2. Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems, 1855, N. York, 12mo. AinsHe, J. Treatise on Surveying, Edinburgh, 1.S12. Tables for computing Weights of Hay, &c., London, 1806. Farmer's Pocket Companion, Edinburgh, 1812. Treatise on Land Surveying. A new and enlarged Edition, em- bracing Railway, Military, Jlarine. and Geodetical Sur- veying. Edited by W. Galbraith, M.A., F.R.A.S. In Svo, with a quarto volume of plates, price 21s. "The hest book on surveylni; with which I am acriuainted." — ■ WiLLL\M RUTUERFORD, LL.D., F.K.A.S., J^ot/al Military Academy^ Woolwich. Ainslie, Robert. Blindness and Indifference of Men to Futurity : a Discourse occasioned by the Death of George the Fourth, London, 1S30. '■ It is rifh iu practii-al and pointed reflections upon the thoujrht- lessness of men in relVrenre to their eternal destiny, 'i'he dis- course is very creilital'le to the authnr. both as a literary and theological composition." — Evan. JUig., 1830. Reasons for the Hope that is in us. A Series of Essays on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, the Immortalily .d" the Soul, &c., London, 1838. Aiuslie, Sir Robert. Views in Egypt, Palestine, and the Ottoman Empire, London, 2 vols. fol. Ainslic, W., M.D., A. Smith and M. Christie, M.D. Medical, Geographical, and Agrieultural Report by them, on the Causes of the Epidemical Fever, which prevailed AIN in the Provinces of Caimbiitore. Madeira, Dini.'al, and Tinnevelly, in 1809-10-U, Lon., 1816. " Ainsworth, Henry, D.D., d. 1062, date and place of birtb unknown, lie became a Brownist in 159U, and snf- felcd in the persecutions which that sect endured, lie found a refuge in Holland, where he h\honrcd with Jlr. Johnson in raising a church at Amsterdam, and in com- piling A Confession of Faith of the Peojde called Brown- ists. He was noted, even in his youth, for his knowled^re of the learned languages, especially for his skill in the Hebrew tongue. He applied himself with great diligence to the .study of the Rabbins, and is thought to have owed his death to his zeal for the conversion of the Jews. Hav- ing found a diamond of great value, he restored it to its owner, a Jew, who begged him to accept a reward. Ains- worth stipulated for an op|iortunity of a disputation with some of the Rabbis upon the Old Testament jjropheeies relating to the Messiiih. The Jew acceded to his request, but unable or unwilling to perform his promise, had the zealous divine poisoned, thus evincing the ndimn tlieolu- gicum to a remarkable degree. Nan-ations of this character are to be received with great caution. His Annotsitions on the Psalms were printeil in 1612. 4to ; on the Pentateuch, 2 vols. 4to, 1621 ; and (folio) in 1627 and 1639. His trea- tise, A Counter-Poison against Bernard and Crashaw. IIKIS, excited much attention, and was answered by Bishop Hall. Few authors have been more quoted by learned men of Tarious countries than Dr. Ainsworlh. "CValch observes of his Commentaries on the Psalms, "Monstrant ist;B erudi- tioucm non niediocrum ac merito laudantur." In 169(1, the work was translated into Dutch, and Poole has incor- porated the substance of it in his Latin synopsis. Dr. Doddridge and Dr. Adam Clarke express a high opinion of the value of the Annotations. Ainsworth, J. Obs. rel.to a pro. Duty on Cotton, 181.3. Ain.sworth, Robert, 1660-174,3. well known as the antiior of a work which many profit by nt first ac^ainst their will — the Dictionary of the Latin Tongue." Mr. Ainsworth was born at Woodyale near Manchester. His Diction.ary cost him twenty years' labour, and was first published in 17.36. It was dedicated to that eminent scholar, one of the brightest ornaments of the medical pro- fession. Dr. Richard Mead, of whom we shall have more to say in his place. Of the Dictionary, there have been improved editions by Patrick, Ward, Young, Carey, Ac. This work was far better than any that preceded it. Since its publication the treasures of the Latin tmigue have been greatly developed by classical scholars in Germany and elsewhere. The lexicons of Gesner, F,accioIati. Shel- ler, Heorges, and Freund are of inestimable value to the Et.idcnt. The Worterbuch dcr Lateinischen Sprache of Dr. Williiiin Fieund w.as published in Leipzig in four volumes, coulaiiiing 4500 pages, in the following order: vol. i. (A— C) in 1834; vol. iv. (R— Z) in 1840: vol. ii. (D— K) in 1844; and voL iii. (L— Q) in 1845. Upon the basis of this work Dr. E. A. Andrews's Lexicon is foumlcd. Ainsworth, W'm., author of Marrow of the Bible, in Terse. Lou.. 1652. ami of other works. Ainsworth, Win. Trijikx Mcraoriale, Ac, 1650. Ainsworth, William Francis, M.D., b. 1807, at Exeter; studied medicine and graduated at Edinburgh: took charge of the Journal of Natural and GeograpliTcal Science, 1828. 1. Researches in Babylonia. .Syria, Ac, 1842, Lon., 8vo. 2. Travels and Researches in Asia Minor Mesoiiotamia, Ac, 2 vols. p. 8vo. S. Travels in the Track of the Ten Tliousand Greeks, IS 14. p. 8vo. i. The Claims of the Christian Aborigines in the East. Ainsworth, W. Harrison, novelist, b. 1S05, and in- tenderl for the law. In 1820, hepub. anovel, John Cheverton, which was commended by Sir Walter Scott. In 1834, Rook- wood appeared, followed (after pub. of Crichton) bv another bad book of the same class. Jack Sheppard. \\'oi"ks of this mischievous character might be very approjiriately pub- lished as a series, under the title of the "Tyburn Plutarch." We are glad that the author has struck ujion a better vein in his later works of fiction. The Tower of London, Old Saint Paul's, Windsor Castle, and St. James's Palace, are thought much mure creditable to the novelist than the works above censured. Mr. Ainsworth resides in the neighbourhood of Kilburn; he edits the Kew Monthly, and the magazine which bears his name. Ainsworth, T. The Validity of Episcopal Ordina- tion, and invalidity of .any other, considered in Three Letters between a Pre.ibyter of the Church of England (T. Ainsworth) and a Dissenting Teacher, (Asher Hum- phreys,) Oxford, 1719. Ainsworth, Thomas, Vicar of Kimbolton. Sermon: 42 AIT 1 Cor. iii. 21-23. True Riches, or the Christian's Possea- simplete c.l., Edin., 1840, sm. 8vo: see Lon. Athen., 1485, April 12, 1856. Religious Characteristics. Ed. Poems of David Macbeth M(jir. (the " Delt.a" of Blackwood's Mag.,) with Memoir prefixed, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo. Aires, Joseph. Two Serms. on Prov. xiv. .34. 1715. Airy, George Biddell, b. Julv, 1801. at Alnwick, Northumbcrhmd. Aslronomcr-Royal of England ; entered Trmity Coll. at the age of 18; took the degree of B.A., 182.3 ; in 1826. took the degree M.A., and waslippointed to the Lucasian Professorship; in 1828, was elected Plumian Prof, of Astronomy and Director of the newly-erected Ob- servatory at Cambridge; he was appointed Astronomer- Royal in 1835, on the resignation of Mr. Pond, and, in the same year, was elected President of the Roy. Ast. Soc. 1. Reductions of Observations of the Moon, 1750-1830, 2 vols. 4to. '■Au immense magazine of dormant facts cont.iinpd in the Annals of the Koyal Ijbservatory are rendered available to astro- nouncal use." — .\d.miral Smyth. 2. Astronomical Observations. Greenwich, 1845-53. 9 vols. 4to. 3. Explanation of the Solar Syst«m, Svo. 4. Lectures on Astronomy at Ipswich, 1848, 8vo; 3d ed., 1856. 5. Mathematical Tracts on Physical .\stronomy. 8vo; 4th ed., 1858. 6. Treatise on Gravitation, Svo. Contrib. " Figure of the Earth" and " Tides and Waves" to Encyclopedia Metropolitana, " Gravitation" to Penny Cyclopedia, and numerous valuable p:rpers to Philosophicnl Transactions, Memoirs of Astronomical Society, Trans. Cambridge PhU. Soc, Ac. " Prof Airy, of Cambridge, the first of living mathematicians and .HStronomers.— the first of tins country, at least."— .<>ir Hohrrt Fed to Jlobffl Snutlmj, WhUdtall, April 4, 1835 : Soutlieu's Life and Vorrf.s-p.. chap, xxxvi. The Royal Astronomical Society awarded two of its medals to Prof. Airy, — one for his " Observ.ations of the Moon .and Planets from 1750 to 1830;" the other for his discovery of the "Long Inequality of Venus and the Earth." This paper was communicated to the Royal So- ciety, and was published in the Philosophical Transactions. Aisbatie, J. Speech before the House of Lords, 1721. Aitchison. Modern (iazettcer, Perth, 1798. Aitken, D., Surgeon R.N. Con. to Ann. of Med., yii. 309, 1S02. Aitken, John, M.D., d. 1790, a teacher of anatomy, surgery, Ac. at Edinburgh ; he published a number of pro- fessional essays. 1771-90. Aitken, Robert, 1734-1S02, came to America in 1709, and was for a long time a printer in Philadelphia. He has the credit of the authox-ship of Au Inquiry con- cerning the Principles of a Commercial System for the irnited States. He published an edition of the Bible, copies of which are now exceedingly rare, and worth B high price among bibliogra])hers. .Vitkeu, William. Ten Sermons, Edinburgh, 1767. Aitkens, J. A work upon Fire Arms, London, 1781. Aitkinsou. Epitome of the Art of Navigation, 1759. Ailkinson. Sermons. London, 1772. .lilon, John, D.D.. Minister of Dol|.hinton. The Laud.^ of the i\lessijih, Mohammed, and the Pope, as visited in 1851, pub. 1852, Svo, London. " ^^ e doubt whether there has yet been produced a more amus- iti|; volume upon the Kast. . . Dr. Alton's account of Ins ascent of the 1'yr.aunds is so graphic that we must give it in his own words; iudcH.-d, we question whether it would liave lH>cn possible to Smollett, in his broadest comic mood, to heijrhten tbe etfect of the picture. . . His sketches of the banks of the Joidan. and tbe .shores of the Dead Sea, possess considerable merit." — Btach- iviii'irs Miifiazinf.. " Dr. Alton, in composition, is always clear, sometimes eloquent, and occasionally graphic. lie is honest and unprejudiced. aTid looks on all with which he comes in contact with a fresh and penetrating e.^ e. . . . The volume has honesty and freshness, and is never dull or wearisome." — Fra.-iir's Miff'trine. Aiton, William, agricultur.il writer, Glasg., 1805-16. Alton, William, 1731-93 an eminent botanist, and AIT AKE gnr«Uiur U) GtMiru;e III. Ilortus Kewensis: or, a Cata- lo^uu uf the rianty lulLlvated id the Royal Botanic Gar- dens :it Kew, iilustrated with enf^ravinj^s, Loudon, 1789, 3 vols. 1810-11, 5 Vols. See Aiton, W. T. '• A most curiniis, instructive, and excellent liotanieal work, Khirh for scientitic arrant;t'ment and execution has never been Bur parsed." — Lowndes. AitoD, William T., son of the former, and suc- ceeled him as i;anlt'ner to the king. He published a new editiun ul' Hnrtus Ke\vensi.«, (also an epitome of the same,) an i .sume other horticultural works. Akcnside, Mark, M.D., 1721-1770. was born Novem- ber 9, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. His father, a butcher of that place, intended him for the ministry among the Dis- senters, and he was accordingly sent to the University of Edinburgh, where he remained three years. Preferring the study of physic to that of divinity, he returned a sum he had received for the prnsecution of his studies, and took up his residence at Leydcn, where, after three years' npplicution, he took his degree of M.D.. May 10, 1744. In the same year he published his Pleasures of the Ima- gination, "I have heard Podsb^y, by whom it was published, relate, that when the copy w;i> ulT-rt-d hini the price demanded for it. which was a hundred and twenty pounds, being such as he was not in- clined to tlive precipitately, he cari-ied the work to t'op.-. who, hav- ing looked into it, ad%ised him not to make a nij;gardly oUer; tor * this was no every-day writer.' " — Dii. Jofinson. The poem was well received; and its circulation not in- jured by an attack from Warburton, elicited by Akenside's having adopted Shaftesbury's assertion respecting ridicule as a test of truth. Jeremiah Dyson took up the cudgels for Akenside, and thus the young author "awoke and found himself famous." The Epistle to Curio was his next publication. This was- an attack upon Pulteuey, Earl of Bath, upon political grounds. Different opinions, of course, were expressed of the merits of this epistle. "A very acrimonious epistle." — Dr. Johnson. "Impressive, moral, aud sensible production." — Hutchinson's Bu^grnphia M'-dicu. In 1745 he published his first collection of odes, and soon after commenced the practice of medicine at North- ampton, which he quitted for Hampstead, and in two years and a half for London. His generous friend, Mr. Dyson, who had before drawn his pen on his behiilf, now generously drew his purse, and mmle him the handsome allowance of £300 per annum. In June, 1751, the Royal College of Physicians associated him as a licentiate, and in April, 1754, he was elected a Fellow of the College, having received a doctor's degree the preceding year by mandamus at Cambridge. In 1759 he received the ap- pointment of assistant physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, and was shortly after made one of the physicians to the queen. He was selected by the College of Physicians to deliver the Gulstoniau lectures in 1755, and the Croonian in 1756. Akenside was obtaining considerable eminence, when he was attacked by a putrid fever, which proved fatal on the 23d of June. 1770, in his 49fh year. We should not omit to mention that his thesis upon taking his degree of M.D. at Leyden, entitled De Ortu et lucre- mento Foetus Humani, took new grounds upon the subject, which experience has since confirmed. In his professional conduct to the indigent patients placed under his charge, Akenside cannot bo too much blamed. Dr. Lettsom, a pupil at the Imspital, tells sume unpleasant truths respecting this matter, which the bio- grapher would gladly spare. He was " Supercilious and unfeelino:. If the poor affrighted patients did not return a direct answer to his queries, be would instantly disi_har;^e them from the hospital; he evinced a particular disfi;ust to females, and {lenerally treated them with harshness. One le;j; of Akenside was considerably shorter than the other, which obli;;ed him to wear a false heel. He had a pale, strumous coun- tenance, but was always very neat and elef:;ant in his dress. He wore a larj;e white wi^, and cai-ried a long sword." We are told that sometimes he would order some of the attendants on his visiting days to jjrecede him with brooms to clear the way, and prevent too near an approach of the patients. Biography is a faithful friend to the race, when obliged to register the faults and follies of genius. The living are thus taught circumspection in their *'walk and conversation." How little did Akenside suppose that a century hence thousands who admired the poet, would be forced to detest the physician, and despise the fop! The pride of Akenside, and his rough treatment of his indigent patients, are the more striking when we consider that he himself was a pensioner of the generous Jeremiah D^'son. His lofty pretensiun, too, was suicidal to his pride, as it was a continual remembrancer of his obscure parentage: — obscure, but no subject for shame. As a son of a butcher, ho was perfectly respectable ; when aping fashion and rank, he was supremely ridiculous. Roche- foucauld truly says that " we are never ridiculous for what we are, but only for what we pretend to be." We turn to a more agreeable theme. The Pleasures of the Imagination has been deservedly commended for all the excellencies of style, language, and illustration which constitute a poem of the first order. Dr. John^ou speaks of it as raising expectations that were not very amply satisfied : " It has, undoubtedly, a just claim to very particular notice, as an example of great felicity ot jjenius. and uncommon amplitude of acquisiiions; of a young mii.d stored with images, and much exercised iu combiuing and couipariujj; them. . . . 'Ihe subject is well chosen, as it includes all images that can strike or pli;ase,and thus comprises every species of poetical delight."' "As I know that Akenside's work on the Pleasures of Imagina- tion is deservedly one of your most favourite poems. 1 seud you enclosed what. 1 have no doubt, you will seta due value- upon — no less than a copy of all the corrections he made with his own hand on the poem. 'Ihey were inserted in the margin of his printed copy, which afterwards passed into the hands of a gentle- man, from a friend ot" whom, and of my own, a very ingenious young Templar, 1 received them."' — Pi.nkerton: Jia-oti's Litters. These marginal alterations were published by Mr. Pinkerton. "Had Akenside completed his plan, his poem would have lost as much in poetry as it would have gained in philosophy."' — Dr. AlKIN. Akenside intended to revise and enlarge this poem, but he died before his intention was fulfilled. " Ilis periods are lung but harmoninus, the cadences fall with grace, and the measure is supported with dignity." Johnson declares that "Of his odes nothing favourable can be said: the sentiments commonly want force, nature, or novelty ; the diction is some- times harsh and uncouth," Ac. Yet when Mr. Elliott (father of Lord Minto) was com- mended for his eloquent speech in support of the Scotch militia, he exclaimed, " If I was above myself. I can account for it ; for I had lieen animated by the sublime ode of Dr. Akenside." Gray censures the tone of false philosophy which is to be observed in the Pleasures of the Imagination : "The pleasures whiih this poem professes to treat of, proceed either from natural objects, as from a nourishing grove, a clear and murmuring fuuntain. a calm sea by moonlight, or from woi-ks . of art. such as a noble edifice, a musical tune, a statue, a picture, a poem." Dr. Dibdin denominates Akenside "The most perfect builder of our blank verse. Why are his Pleasures of the Imagination so little perused? There are a hun- dred (I had welluigh said a thousand] electrical passages in this charminir poem."' "Akenside's picture of man is grand and beautiful, but un- finished. The imniftrtality of the soul, which is the natural con- sequence of the appetites and po>s-ers she is invested with, is scarcely once hinted throughout the poem." — Walker. '•If his genius is to be estimated from this poem, it will be found to be lofty and elegant, chaste, correct, aud classical." — Mrs. Barbauld. " In his poem, as an elegant critic has observed with great pro- priety, he has united the grace of A'irgil, the colouring of Milton, the incidental expression of ghaUspeare, to paint the finest fear tures of the human mind, and the most lovely forms of true morality and reli.;ion." — Bticl'''s Li/i nf Alcmn'de. "Akenside's Pleasures of the Imagination is a very brilliant and i>Ieasing production. Every page shows the refined taste and cultivated mind of the author. Th;it it can strictly he called a work of Lrenius. I am not prepared to admit Ills Ilynins and Odes have long since fallen into oblivion, and I do not feel inchned to disturb their rest. His Inscriptions, however, have an attic terseness and force, which are unequalled by any produc- tions of the same class in our language, excepting, perhaps, a few by our contemporary, Southey." — JS'ede's Lectures on English Bjetry. Campbell remarks : "The sweetness which we miss in Akenside is that which should arise from the direct repref^entations of life, and its warm lealities and affections. We seem to pass in his poem tbrouu'h a gallery of pictured abstractions, i-ather than of pictured things." "If any young man of genius. classi,-al learning, and poetical ardour, would present the world with a (Ireek tianslation of Akenside's Hymn to the Naiads, and sulimit it to the correction of an experii'ticfd Greek scholar before publication, he mij-ht es- tablish a Iparnod and honourable reputation for himself, and add another nmipositii'ii wiithy nf IPuner itnr-\ 'MtNSwr:i,i. : ■ Akenside's distinguislied poem is his Pleasures of Imagination; but. for my part, I never could admire it so much as most people do.' JnnxsoN: 'Sir, I could not read it throu'-rh.' BoswEix: ' T have read it through; but I did not find any great power in it.' " But on another occasion Johnson gave it as his opinion that Akenside was a poet superior to both Gray and Ma- son. Boswell tells us that 43 AKE "Wliiin Akenside's Pleasures of Imagination first came out, he rtict not put his name to the poem. Holt went over to DuWin. puMi^hed an edition of it. and put his own name to it. Upon tlie fam.' "f this he lived for several months, being entertained at the be.st tallies, as the ingenious Jlr. liolt." We need hardly inform those conversant with literary history that this story has heen refuted. We shall excite a smile from our reader, when we beg him to remember that bigoted worshipper of the Greeks and Romans, that getter-up of that renowned " dinner after the manner of the ancients," — the inimitable physician in Peregrine Pickle! ^ The original of this mirth-compelling son of .^isculapius was no less a person than our pompous friend — Doctor Akenside. Tobias Smollett was a rare hand at a portrait! Mr. D'Israeli rates Dr. S. soundly for thus " taking off" his brother of the lancet and bolus : " Pi iue4 with Akenside. for some reflections against Scotland. Smollett has exhibited a man of great genius and virtue as a most ludicrous person.age; and who can discriminate, in the ridiculous physician in Peregrine Pickle, what is real from what is fictitious >" — CiUundtna af Authors. Akenside's works: 1. Pleasures of Imagination, Lon- don. 171-t, 4to, 1763, 8vo, with a Critical Essay by Mrs. Barbauld, London, 1795, 12mo. Numerous edi'tioiis. In Italian. P.ar. 1764. 2. Ode to Lord Huntingdon. London, 1748. 3. An Ode to the Country Gentlemen of England, London, 1757. 4. An Ode to the late Thomas Edwards, London, 1763. 6. Notes on the Postscript of a Pamphlet, entitled, Ob.«ervations Anatomical and Physiological, by Alexander Munro, .Ir., London, 1758. 6. Oratio Har- veiana, 1760. 7. De Dysenteria Commentarius, London, 1764. The same, translated into English, by Dr. Ryan, London, 1786, and by Mr. Motteu.x, 1768. 8. Poems, Lon- don, 1772. 9. Poetical Works, including the Virtuosa. a Fragment never before published, with the Life of the Author, London, 1804. 10. Observations on Cancers, Medical Transactions, i. p. 64, 1768. 11. Of the use of Ipecacuanha in Asthmas, ibid. p. 93. 12. A Method of treating White Swellings of the Joints, ibid. p. 104. 13. Observations on the Origin and Use of the Lymphatic Vessels of Animals, being an extract from the iVulstonian Lectures, Phil. Trans. Abr. .xi. 145. 14. Of a Blow on the Heart, and its Effects, ibid. xii. 39, 1763. ^ In speaking of Akenside as a physician, we have already given him credit for the new, yet legitimate, ground as- sumed by his thesis De Ortu et Incrcmento, Ac. " His principal medical work. De Dysenteria Commentarius, has been commended, and is still to be valued, for the elcanre of its Latinity. Patholo.gy has made great advances since the time r,f Akenside. and the distinction between inflammation of the serous muscular, and mucous textures, are now bettir ui)o Lynn, flourished .about 1420; was born at Lynn, Norfolk. He applied himself to theology and philosophy at Caniliridge, where he took the degree of doctor. He was a preacher of note, and left many works, a list of which will be found in Tanner. Let it be recorded to his credit, for all time, that he was a famous hand at those invaluable literary charts — indexes. May his ex- am|de be ever honoured liy laudable imitation ! Alan, Allen, or Allyn, William, 1532-1594, car- dinal of the Church of Koine. His name occurs as one of the translators of the New Testament, Rheims, l.iS2. He was the author of a number of works, principally in de- fence of his church, of which he was so zealous an advo- cate that he used his influence to persuade Philip of Spain to invade England. Indeed, he wrote two books to prove the eflicacy of the Bull of Sixtiis V., by which he con- tended that the queen was accuised and deprived of her crown, and her subjects no longer bound to alleo-iance. Fuller says : '■ Hear what different characters two authors of several per- suasions bestow upon him, ■ He was somewhat above an ordi- nar.y man in stature, comely of countenance, composed in his gait, affable in all meetings, and, for the gifts of his mind, pious learned, prudent, grave, and though of great authority, humble modest, meek, patient, peaceable: in a word, beautiful and adorned with all kinds of virtues.'— Kto tie Anglia Smplnrihw: p TO' Look first upon this picture; then on this: ' He was the last of our l-.n-'h^b cidiiials in time, and first iu wickedness: deservino- not t,i be .■.luTit.d among Englishmen, who. asanotherHerostratus! to achieve himself a name amongst the grandees of earth. ende.v voured to hre the Church of Knglaud. the noblest (without envy be it spoken) in the Christian world : so that his memory deserveth to be buried in oblivion,' Godwin, in his Catalo'me of Cardinals- 'Let them say what they please, certain it is, he was an active man, and of great parts and prudence,' "— Antbont Wood. Aland, John Fortescue, first Baron Fortescue of Credan, 16711-1716, descended from the famous Sir John Fortescue, Chancellor of England in the reign of Henry VI. A collection of reports taken by him, and called by his name, was published in 1748. . ".^? .h'ghl.v were his literary attainments esteemed, and his judicial merits appreciated, that the University of Oxford conferred on him by diploma, in 1733, the degree of civil law,'' ^ Aland was a friend of that eminent Saxon scholar, M'il- liam Elst(d) : and in the preface to his Book of Absolute and Unlimited Monarchy, he gives an .account »f Elstob's pro- ject of compiling a very valuable edition of all the Saxon laws, both in print and MSS. This design was cut short by Elstob's death. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes vol iv. pp. 117, 120. Alanc. On the authority of the Word of God, &o. Alan.son, E. Sermon.s. Liverpool, 1723-34. ' Alanson, E., surgical writer, London, 1771-82 Alanus de Insulis, of the 12th century, called Doc- tor Universalis, is supposed to have been an Englishman as well from other circumstsinces as from the notice of Jo- seph of E.xeter's poem on the Trojan war " Hlic pannoso plebescit carmine wmler — Knnius, et priaini fortunas intonat," In addition to the Anti-Claudianus, he was the author of numerous works in prose and verse. See Histoire Lit- tcraire de France. His contemporary of the same name (called " Senior," for distinction) was" a native of Lille in Flanders. Alberieus de Vere, a canon of St. Osyth's.in Esses, contemporary with Richard, wrote a life' of St. ' .r, , ,■ ; , - •■". «. .Ji. Osyth. , , „ , Du.gdnle makes him the second son of the second Alberic *.„j „,, „ , , •, -•. lie attended Robert, do Vere, E:irl of Oxford, who died e-irlv in the rni^m „f r^^ecurning to the Church of England. He pub- , of his monastery, (which Tanner supposes to have been ALB ALC only a part of the lifo of St. Osytb,) and a treatise on the Eucharist. — Wrif/ht's Bioy. Brit. Lit. Albert, fictitious title of Aumstrosg, Rev. John. Albiu, Eleazar, a drawer and painter in natural history, and publisher of many works upon insects, birds, and Fishes, Loudon, 1720, itc. Albia, J. History of the Isle of Wight, Newport, 1795. Albine, or De JSeres, Johu, author of a Notable Discourse against Heresies, 1576, directed against Calvin and his disciples, answered by Thomas Spark aud Robert Crowley. Albis, Thomas De, See White, Thomas. Albricius lived in the reigns of Kings John and Henry III., according to Leland. Bale gives London as the place of his birth, and states that he studied both at Oxford and Cambridge. He was eminent as a physician aud philosopher, was a great scholar, and travelled in quest of knowledge. 1. De Origine Deorum. 2. De Ratione Veneui. 3. Virtutes Autiquorum. 4. Canones Spcculativi. A treatise, De Deorum Imaginibus, in the Mythographi Latiui, has the name of Albricius attached to it, but the re- ference may be to Albricius, Bishop u( Utrecht, 8th century. Albyn, B. Appeal to G
    71. Alcock, John, LL.D., died 1500, was successively Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely. lie was born at Beverly, Yorkshire, educated at Cambridge. He wrote several works : 1. Muns Perfectiouis. 2. Abbatia Spiritils Sancti. 3. Homilie Vulgares. 4. Meditationes Piaa. 5. Spousage of a Virgin to Christ, ko.. In allusion to his own name, he wrote a treatise entitled Galli Cantus ad Confratres suos, decorated with prints of the bird. He was an excellent architect, and comptroller of the royal works and buildings under Henry ^'^I. Ho was also preferred Lord Chancellor of Euglaud by the same monarch. Alcock, Mrs. Mary, sister to R. Cumberland. Poems, London, 17S9. Alcock, Nathan, M.D. The Rise of Mahomet ac- counted for on Natural and Civil Principles, Lond., 1796. Alcock, T., pub. Sermons, Essays on Poor Laws, kc. ]75(), Ac. Alcott, Amos Bronson, b. 1799, at Wolcott, Conn. He devoted many years to the cause of education, and his original views on the subject attracted consitlerable atten- tion in Europe and America. Conversations with ChiMren on the Gospels, Best., 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc. Alcott, J. Jesus, King of Saints, Ac, 1794. Alcott, William A., M.D., born 1798 at Wolcott, Connecticut. Distinguished author and public lecturer on Physiology, Hygiene, and Practical Education. Has written and edited upwards of 100 vols, on various sub- jects, of which the following arc a part: House I live in; Young Man's Guide; Young Woman's Guide; Young Mother; Young Husband; Young Wife; Young House- keeper; Lectures on the Ten Cummandments ; Lectures on Lifo and Health ; Vegetable Diet Defended; Water Cure; Prize Essay on Ti)liacco; A;c. tfec. (fee. Also has been editor of and contributor to many moral and educational journals. Many of Dr. Alcott'a works have been very popular. Alcuin, 7S5-S04. The last of the distinguished Anglo-Saxons, whose name shed lustre on the empire of the Prankish raonarchs in the eighth century, was Alcuin. There is only one early life of Alcuin, which is anonymous, and was written in 829, by a person who obtained much of his information from Sigulf, Aleuiu's friend and dis- ciple : it is printed in the editions of Alcuin's works, in the Acta SS. Ord. S. Bened. of Mabillon, in the collection of Surius, and in the Acta Sanctorum of the Bcdlandists. The richest source of information relating to his history is his Epistles. Much has been written concerning Alcuin in modern times; a sketch of his life is given by Mabil- lon ; a more extensive life was composed in Latin by the prince-Abbot Frobeuius, and prefixed to his edition of his works. More recently Alcuin's life has been published by Dr. Frederick Lorenz, Profe.ssor of History at the Uni- versity of Ilalle, (1S29,) translated into English by Jane Mary Slee, (sm. 8vo, London, 1837.) Burn at York about the year 735, of a noble family, Alcuin was scarcely weaned from his mother's breast when he was dedicated to the church, and intrusted to the care of the inmates of the monastery; and on reaching the proper age he was placed in the school of Archbishop Egbert, then cele- brated for the number of noble youths who crowded thither to imbibe instruction from the lips of that prelate. Al- cuin was distinguished above his fellows by his applica- tion to the study of the sciences, which were taught by Egbert's kinsman, Aelbert, who succeeded him in 766 in the see of York, and in the management of the school. Alcuin was Aelbert's favourite pupil ; when about twenty years of age he was chosen to aceompauy him on a visit to the Continent in search of books and of new discoveries in science, and on that occasion he resided a short time at Rome. In 7S1, Alcuin visited Parma, on his return from Rome, and there met veith Charlemagne, who had also been at Rome. That monarch was then meditating the foundation of scholastic institutions throughout his domi- nions, aud being well informed of Alcuin's great reputa- tion for lenrning, if not already personally acquainted with him, he invited him to settle in France, and to be- come his adviser and assistant in his projects of reform. Alcuin readily complied with the king's desires; but he continued bis journey home to fulfil bis original commis- sion, and to obtain the consent of the Archbishop of York and the King of Nurlhumbria (Alfwold) to the proposed arrangement. With the approbation of his spiritual and temporal superiors, having cliosen some of his own pupilg as companions, he returned to France in the year 7S2. The positii. Pastor gregis sancti. medicus animarum, lucerna super candela- brum posita, esto forma in omni bonitate cunctis te videntibus. Sit tuus coniit,itus honestis moribus, aliis exemplum ad vitam,- non ad perditionem. Sint tibi epulce, non in ebrietate. sed in so- brietate. Sint vestimenta tuo gradui condigna. Noli te confor- mare seculi honiinibus in vanitate aliqua. Inanis ornatus vestl- mentorum, et cultus inutUis tibi est opprobrium ante homines, et 45 ALC ALC peccAtnm ante Deum. Melius est animam in perpetuum perma^ nenttm bonis ornare moribus, quam corpus cito in pulvere pu- trescens exquisitis comere vestibus. Vestiatur et satietur Cbris- tuB in paupere, ut haec faciens rejrnet cum Chiisto. Redemptio viri propria' divitiu?. Si aurum dilisamus. pr.Tinittamus nobis in coelum, ubi servabitur nobis, et quod amemus. habemus. Auieraus aeterua, et non peritura. Veras dili^ramus divitias. et non caducas; Bempiternas non transitorias. Paremus nobis laudem a Deo, et non ab hominibus. Faciamus. quod feceruut. sancti, quos lauda- mus. Pequamur illorum vestigia in tenis, ut illorum gloi-ise con- j sortes esse mereamur in cfelis." In 803, Alcuin's zeal in defending the privileges of the , churcJi drew upon him the temporary displeasure of Charle- | magne, and his grief on that occasion probably hastened his death. He died at Tours, on Whitsunday, the 19th of May, 80-i, and was buried with great pomp in the church of St. Martin. An epitaph, written by himself in Latin elegiacs, was placed on his tomb, and is preserved by his ancient biographer. The Epistles form the most interesting portion of Al- cuin's works, not only as being the principal source of in- formation relating to his character and life, but for the light which they throw np-s oiiiuis liabetat bomo: Fatali cursu misicntur tiistia la-tis; Nulli firma fiiit n';:ula hititije. Nemo dies cunctos felices semper halwbit, Nemo sibi semper gaudia certa tenet. Nil manet a't*Tnum celso sul) cardine coeli, Omnia vertuutur temporil>us variis. Una dies ridet. casus eras altera planget, Nil fixum faciet tessera l^^ta tibi. Prospera rontnrbat snrs tristibus impia semper, Alternis vi. ibus ut niiit unda maris. Nunc niiiat ;i!iiia dii>., vt'iii.-t nox atra tenebris, Ver llorrt ;:ciiiiuis, liii-ms frrit hncque decus. Si'i'Tiniin stfllis i-ulint-n it'|iiiv.ritiir almis, (Juas luibi'S nipuiiit inibrifr;i' subito. Et sul ijisf ilif ni'-di;t sultduoitur ardens. Cum tniKit uiidMsi auster de vertice pnli. (sic.) Siepius I'vcils'is fiiiuiit ut fulgura nmntes, Summaque silvarum flamma ferire solet; Sic maj<»r maguis subito sa^pissime rebus Eveuiet casu forte ruina malo.'' The theological writings of Alcuin are generally divided into three classes : his Commentaries on the Scriptures, which are characterized by the same partiality for typical interpretations as characterizes those of Bede, his Dog- matic Treatises, and his Liturgic Works, (Opera Liturgica.) The Commentaries consist of the Questions and Answers on the Book of Genesis, which were translated into Anglo- Saxon, the Comments on the Penitential P.salms. on the Song of Solomon, and on the Book of Ecclesiastes, the Interpretationes Noniinum Hebraicorum, and the Com- mentaries on St. John, and on the three Epistles of St. Paul. His prineijial Dogmatic writings are the treatises de Fide Trinitatis and De Processione Spiritus Sancti, and his books against Felix and Elipandus. Under the head of Opera Liturgica arc classed the Lilier Sacramcntorum, the treatise De Psalmorum Usu, the Oflieia per Ferias, and the tracts De Virtutibus et Vitiis and De Animie Ratione. To these works are joined four lives of Saints, three com- piled by Alcuin, those of St. Martin of Tours, of St. Richarius, and of his countryman Wilbrord, (the latter in prose and in verse,) and one, that of St. Vedastus, com- posed by an older writer, but corrected and edited by him- self. The tracts which Alcuin compiled for the purposes of instruction are few, and are not remarkable for their manner or the informatitm they contain ; they consist of four treatises, De Grammatica, De Orthographia, De Rhe- t(jrica et Virtutibus. and Do Dialectica, with several brief tracts, some of which are of doubtful authenticity. The Hi last editor of the works of Alcuin has given a collection of pieces either doubtful or decidedly supposititious, among which the only one of any importance is the Confessio Fidei, which has been believed by many scholars and theo- logians to be a genuine work of the preceptor of Charle- magne. There can be no doubt that some of the writinga of Alcuin are lost: among these the most important must have been the Biography of Charlemagne, attributed to him on the authority of an expression of Eginhard ; though it is somewhat doubtful whether such a work ever existed. Many of the writings of Alcuin were published sepa- rately, or in collections, during the IGth century. Ilia works were first printed collectively, hut very imperfectly, by Andre Duchesne (under the Latinized name of Andreas Quercetanus) in 1617. A far more complete edition was published in 1777, by Frobenius, Prince-Abbot of St. Em- meram at Ratisbon. But this also might be rendered much more perfect by a collection of the manuscripts preserved in our English libraries. Many of the separate editions of the writings of Alcuin are extremely rare. It is probable that some of them have entirely escaped our researches. Of others we can only speak from the indications of biblio- graphers. Some of the letters have been printed singly in books, which, it was not considered necessary to point out. It may be observed that the manuscripts in England con- tain several inedited letters. Editions of Ai.cuin. — AUuinus de Fide Trinitatis, in the Ilomi- liarum. liasilia' per Mculaum I\essl(-r. aiinu Md '( '( 'XrVI 11. No- nas Augusti, Kr|irint.-d in otlier H<'niili;iri;i nf tiip I'tb century. Ali-uiiius d(.- Fidf '1 rJnitatis. Impressuni est piieseus Opusculum in I ttiiipui rh:i Mniiaslerio tfS. MM. Al.-xandri et Theodori. Ord. S. Bin. AiiiKi .MDI\. Tal. Sept. This was the brst production of the I'rintiiig-i.lhie fst;il>lished in tlie mnuastery of Ottobur^r by Abbot Ix-oiiard. Albini Diaconi An^'lici in D. Joannis Evangelion commeiitariurum libri septem, Christiana fruye refertissimi. Ar- gentorati. Anno MDXXVII. ^vo. D. Albini Caroli illius Magnl olim praceptoris. in Genesim fjua-stiones. a Menardo Molthero restitut,T. Ilapanoa^ per lo. Sec, Anno MDXXIX. 8vo. Alcuini Dialectica and tlie Pialofius de Khetorica, edited together by Me- nardus ."^Inllij.i us. Svo. Hay;enoa?. 1529. Alcuinus de Fide Trini- tatis. 8vo. Ar;_'fiil.>i;iti, looO. Albini Theologorum suastatis doctis- simi. in KccK■^ia^tl■n L'ommentaria. IJasila?. ex ofticina Bebeliana, MUXXXI. Svo. Frobenius states it as doubtful if this edition were printed at Basil or Strasburg. It is dedicated to John Long- land, Bishop of Lincoln. Albini iu Septem I'salmos Pceuitentiales et cxviii. Psalmum, et in Cantica Graduum, Expositio. Paris, ap. Nicolaum Divitem. 1547. Svo. — 7iltKpo7rpea/3vriKov, Basil. 1.3oo. p. 445. The Questiones in Genesin. The Qua'stiones in Genesin. and the Expositii) in Psalmos Po-nitentiales. were printed in the collec- tion of the Orthodoxographi. fob Basil. 1555. Alcuini Liber Sacra- mentorum, was printed iu Jacobi Pamelii Opera Liturgica, Colon., 1561. 1571. and 1009. Alcuini Institutiones Khetorica?, per Mat. Gallenum, 4to. Duaci. 1564. Counnentarius in Psalmos Pi"eniten- tiales, Svo. Paris, 1508. De Tirtutibus et Vitiis. in the Bibl. Pat- rum. Paris, 1575. !Iilesiasten, cum Epistola de Baptismi Cferemo- niis. Svo. Paris, 15S9. De Sanctissima Trinitate Libellus: Admo- dum reverendi patris F. R. Alcuini Albini Abbatis quondam S. Martini Turonensis: ad serenissimum ac potentissimum regem ac imperatorem AuijustumCarolum Magnimi. Uepertus primum et descriptus e vetusto codice in celeberrimo virorum divino cultui mancipatorum caninbio Augi.T Divitis nuncupato. acnuncdemum industria Nicuhii Kalt tvpiMlivulu'atus. Cnnstaiitiie. 159r>. Antiijui lUietoivs l.atiiii. Ex biMii.tb.-(;i Kr;iiiii. .';.'/.»-; ;>^ 2. AUuini sivr Alttiiii de Arte lUietoricaDialogus. Some nf liis epistles were printed at Ingolstadt. 4to, 1601. Cani- sius. Lectiones Antiqua^. fol. IGOl. Ed. Basnaj^e. fol. Antverpim, tom. ii. p. 376. Supplementum ad Alcuini librum de Virtut. et Vitiis. pp. 379-456. Alcuin's Plpistles. from a MS. at St. Gallen, pp. 457-471. his homily on "Wilbrord, and the metrical life of that Saint, pp. 488-505. Alcuini Dialectica. pp. 506-538. Alcuini Gram- matica. 5.V9-54S. Epistnla de Caniicorum Loco, and the treatise DeCairemoniis Baptismi attriliut'dtn him. Thesaurus Ilomiliarum seu Concionum, ex prob;itissiiii(innn patrum. et SS. Ecclesia' Ca- tholic.'e tarn Gra-corum quam 1-atinorum Doctorum monumentis, ab Alcuino Flacco. jussu Carcili Mairni primum .acri judicio erectus, commodfMiue ordine pro ratione tempftris in totius anni Evangelia distiilmtus. Tandem vero pro melioii usu. religi osissimi et doo- tissimi F. Laurentii Surii Carthusiani opem. in totius anni Episto- Las concionibus exegeticis ex eisdem antiiiuissimomm Patrum adytis petitis plurimum auctns. ab innuraerisijue mendis vindicar tus. fill. ('ill. Agrip., 1604. The homilies of Alcuin only form the foundation of this work. — Dialectica Alcuini. 4to,lngolstadt.l(i04. Grammatica' Latinae Auctores Antiqui. Opera et Studio IleliJB Putschii. 4to. ITanov..l605. coll. 2075-2142. Flacci Alcuini. Camlj Magiu Imp. Magistii. Grammatica. Opera, colle'-ted and edited by Andre Iiuchesne. fol. Paris. 1617. Alcuini Dialectica, cura Met. ■Weiss. Salisburgi. 1029. Historian Francorum Scriptores. Opera ac Studin Andrew du Chesne Oeographi Kegls. fol. Lut., Paris, 1636. Tomns ii. pp. 668-690. Twenty-eight letters of Alcuin. pp, 690-693. four Epitaphs, and his A'ersus ad Carolum Imperatorem. Compendium in Canticmn Canti'-orum. ex edit. Patr. Junii. Lon- don. 163S. D'Achery. Spii-ilegium sive Collectio veterum aliquot Scriptorum, 4to. 1654. tom. vi. pp. 391 and 396, three letters of Al- cuin, torn, ix.p.lll. preface to the Exposition of the Psalms. Nova editio. f.-I. Pans, 1723. tom. iii. 321. 322. 323. the letters and preface to the Psalms. Confessio. seu Doctrina de Den. edited by ChifHet, 4to. 1656. Acta Sanctorum, etc.. 1658. The Life of St. Vedastus. Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedicti, So-c. ii. fol. Lut. Par.. 1069, ALD ?p. 1S7-197. Thelifeof St. Richarius, Pppc. in. pars prima, foi. Lut., aris. 1672. pp. 601-029. The two lives of Willirord, Snx. iii. pars Becunda. fol. Lut. Par.. 1672, pp. 558-569. A lar^e portion of the poem on the Bishop of York, given as anonymous. Mabillon, Vetera Analecta, 8vo, Paris. 1075-85. torn. i. p. 309. Versus de Cuculo. torn, iv. pp. 272-312. Twenty-six letters of Alcuin pre\iousIy inedited. p. 522. Alcuini versus de Aquila Episcopo 8alt/,lmii,'. Nov. Kd. fol. Paris. 1723. pp. 39S^t)8. The tweuty-six Kpistl.'S, p. 409. Alcuini versus de Cuculo, p. 3-iS. The verses on Aquila (Arno.) IXistonx Britannicie. 8axonicjp. Anglo- Dan icse, Scriptores xv. Opera Th. Gale. Tol. i. fol. Oxon.. 1691. pp. 703-732. The poem De Pontificihus et Sanctis Ecclesiic Kboracensis. Pezius. Thesaurus Anecdotorum No Tissimue. fol. AutiustjT? Viudelicorum. 1721, torn. ii. pars, l.col. 1-10. Alcuini Opusculum de Comparatione Novi et Veteris Testamt-nti, and seven Epistles to Arno. Kecueil des Ilistnri.'nsdesGaul.'s et de la Fi-ance. Tome CinquiSme. Par Dom Martin l!'tu<|UHt, fol. Paris. 1744. pp. 004-020. Twenty-five Epistlrs of Alcuiii. iJe:iti Flacci Alljini seu Alrvini Abbatis. "Caroli Magni Regis ac Imperatfuis Magistri, Opera. Post primam editionem. a vii-o rlarissimo D. An- drea Quercetano curatam. de novo collecta. multis locis emendato. et opusculis primum repertis plurimum aucta. variisque mndis illustrata. Cura ac Studio Frobenii. S. R. I. Principis et Abbatis ad S. Emmeramum Ralisbon.-p. Tonii duoinquatuor volumini- bus,fnl.Katisbon.l777.— J/'/'T/'t'iV/f/^/rofH Wri'jid's Binfj.Bnt. Lit. Alday, J. Trans, of Thcatrum Mundi, Ac, Lon., 1754. Aldeu, Joseph, D.D.. LL.D., b. 1S07, in Green county. N.Y.; gnul. at Union College, N.Y., 182S ; received the degree of D.D. from the same institution, 1S3S, and that of LL.D. from Columbia College, N.Y., 1S57. He pur- sued his theological studies at Princeton, N.J. ; was for two years a tutor in Nassau Hall ; was for many years Pro- fessor of Rhetoric in 'Williams Coll., Mass.; Prof, of Moral Philosophy in Lafayette Coll., Pa. In Jan. 1857, he became President of Jefferson Coll., Pa. Dr. Alden has confined his efforts as a writer chiefly to the department of Sunday- school literature. Among his numerous works for the young may be mentioned The Esami)le of Washington, The Patriot's Fireside. Religion in Fnsbionable Life, &c. At one time editor of the New York Observer, and has been a large contributor to its columns. He is engaged [1858] in the preparation of a text-book on Intellectual Philosophy. Alden, Rev. Timothy, 1771-1839. Collection of American E|)itaphs, 5 vols. 18mo. N. York, 1814. Alden, T. J. F, Index to the Reports of the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of the U. States, from Dallas to 14tfa Howard, inclusive, 3 vols. Svo, Phila., 1854. Alder, Robert, Wesleyan Missions. London, 1842. Alder, Thomas. Medical Treatises, London, 1804-05. Aldersey, S. Voyageto Alexandria and Cairo, 1586. Alderson, J., M. D. Besides writing professional treatises, Dr. A. published several upon Agriculture and Geology, 1788, Ac. Aldhelm. We shall meet with more than one great scholar formed by the teaching of Theodore and Adrian. The most celebrated of these was Aldhelm, a scion of the illustrions family of the West-Saxon kings. Aldhelm was born in Wessex; but the date of his birth is uncertain, although it maybe placed with suflicient probability about the year 656. Aldhelm was not a voluminous writer. The works which alone have given celebrity to hi.s name are his two treatises on Virginity and his ^nigraata. The prose treati.se De Lande Virginitatis continued to be a fa- vourite book with our Anglo-Saxon forefathers up" to the time of the Norman Conquest, and numerous early manu- scripts of it are still preserved. Aldhelm's Latin Cftmpo- eitions have been frequently cited as an example of the false style of the early Anglo-Latin writers. Even as far back as the 12th century, William of Malmsbury felt him- self obliged to offer an apology for him. grounded on the taste of the age in which he livcl. His writings are on the one hand filled with Latinized Greek words, and with awkward expressions that render them obscure ; while on the other they abound in the alliterations and meta]>horica 1 i language which characterized his native tongue. Aldhelm's I prose is much less pleasing than his verse, because it is far j less harmonious. Aldington, Maj. Military treatises. Lon., 1804. ' Aldington, J. Poem on Shooting, 1767. Aldini, John. 1. An Account of the Late Improve- ments in Galvanism, Ac., Lon., 1803, 4to, with plates. 2. Application of Galvanism to Medical Purposes, 1S19. Aldred, died about 1069, an Anglo-Saxon prelate. Tanner gives him credit, perhaps without much probability, for two works: 1. Pro Edgaro Rege contra Tyranuidem Normannorum, lib. i. 2. Epistolas ad Exiles, lib. i. Aldred, Jcr. Sermon on Psalm xviii. 48, 49, 1716. Aldrioh, C. Sermon after the Plague, Ex. xxxiii. 19. Aldrich, Henry, D.D.. 1647-1710, of Christ Church. Oxford. Ho was eminent as a controversialist, (in oppo- sition to Popery,) as an architect, and as a musician. Hii- principal works were, 1. Reply to Two Discourses concern- 1 ALE ing the Adoration of our B. Saviour in the Holy Eucharist, Oxford, 1687-88. 2. Artis LogicjE Compendium, Oxford, 1692, 1696. 1704. 1750. 3. ElemenU Architecture; Civilisad Vitruvii Veterumque Disciplinam et recentiorum praeser- tim ad Paladii cxempta probatiora concinnata, Oxf., 1789, In his first character — as a disputant — Burnet places him among the more distinguished divines " who managed and directed this controversial war." Aldrich, James, 1810-1856, an American poet and journalist, b. near the Hudson, in the county of Suffolk. He received his education partly in Orange county, and partly in the city of New York, where, early in life, he re- linquished the occupation of a merchant and devoted his attention entirely to literature. Editt^d two or three pr.pular periodicals. See specimens of his poetry in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. In the words of his physician, Dr. Kissam, *' He not only wrote poetry, but lived the life of a true poet." Aldrich, or Aldridge, Robert, died 1555-1556, was Bishop of Carlisle in the reigns of Henry VIIT., Ed- ward VI., and Mary. He was a friend of Leland's. and corresponded with Erasmus. 1. Epistola ad Gulielnnim Hormanum. 2. Epigrammata varia. 3. Several Resolu- tions concerning the Sacraments. 4. Answers to certain Queries concerning the abuses of the Mass.- — Bio;/. Brit. Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, b. 1836, Portsmouth, N.H., Asst. Ed. Home Journal, N. York, a poet of much promise. 1. Miscellaneous Poems, 12mo. 2. The Course of True Love never did run Smooth, 1858, N.York. 12mo. "This piipiant little volume, by the author of 'Babie Bell.' tella of the haps ami nhshiips i>f two Eastern lovers whom a wliini^ical old caliph eii.I.'.ivnrs to keep apart, and illustrates, in must deli- cious verse, the trutli uf Shakspeare's line, ' The course of true love never did run smooth.' " Aldridge. See Alldridge. W. T. Aldridge, W. Doct. of the Trinity, on John v. 5, 1777. Aldridge, W., and Holdsworth, W. Natural Short Hand, London, 1769. Alen, or Allen, Edmond, died about 1559, was a native of Norfolk. Strype praises him as a great proficient in Greek and Latin, an eminent Protestant divine, and a learned minister of the gospel. He wrote a number of theological works, and translated some into English. Ales, or Alesius, Alexander, 1500-1565, born at Edinburgh, a divine of the Confession of Augsburg. Patrick Hamilton, the first Scotch martyr, was the means of his conversion to the doctrines of the Rcformatiim. He wrote a number of theological works, and translated Ed- ward VI. 's first Liturgy for the benefit of Bucer. Ales. See Alexander de Hales. Alexander, Archibald, D.D., 1772-1S51, was a na- tive of Rockbridge county, Virginia. He was educated at Hampden Sydney College, and studied theology with Kcv. Mr. Graham. He was licensed to preach October 1. 1791, ordained by the Presbytery of Hanover, June 9, 1794, and for some years was a pastor in Charlotte and Prince Ed- ward. He was chosen President of Hampden Sydney College in 1796, pastor of the 3d Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia in 1807, and first Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology of the Princeton (New Jersey) Theolo- gical Seminary on its establishment in 1812, which office he retained until his death in 1851. Dr. Alexander's cha- racter was most exemplary in all the relations of lit\;. His principal works are. Evidences of Revealed Religion ; On the Canon of Scripture; Christian Experience; History of African Colonization; History of the Israelites; Annals of the Jewish Nation ; Advice to a Young Christian ; Bible Dic- tionary ; Counsels from the Aged to the Y'oung; Thoughts on Religious Experience; History of the Log College. " Professor Alexander published his very useful volume on the Canon of .Scripture, as a supplement to a treatise on the Evidences of the Christian iteligion. which has been very favourably received in North America. This treatise on the Canon is avowedly com- piled from the previous labours of the most eminent critics, espe- cially Bishop Cosin's Scholastic History of (he Canon of the old T(?ptament, and the ample collections of the impartial and iiideCv tigal'le Dr. Lardner. and the learned Jeremiah Jones. The first part of Dr. Alexander's treatise discusses the Canon of the Old Testament; in the second part are considered the Canon of the New Testament, and the reasons for which the Apocryphal books are deservedly rejected from the Pacred Canon. To divines and students (especially in Xorth America) who may not have access to numerous and more costly works, this treatise is a very useful and acceptable present." — 7/"r»c's Intrixiiiction. This work was published. Princeton. 1826, 12mo, Lon- don, 1828, 12mo. A new ed. was published, Lond., 183;^, 12mo, with introductory remarks by John Morison, D.D. "• A usoful Treatise on the Canon." — Hickfjisteth. "■ Morison's preface is well worthy of a perusal. . . . The ' Evi- dences of Christianity' is a masterly performance." — Lowndes. 47 ALE After Dr. Alexander's decease, there was pub. from his MS. a work eutitled Outlines of Moral Science, lSo2. " Though not aspiring to the dignity of a treatise, it foinis a most compact and convenient tc.\t-ljonk. . . . Theauthor has had a clear perception ot the limits of his sulijcct. and has not aimed at nialiiiiK It a manual of • the whole duty of man,' ... It is a calm, clear stream of abstract reasoning, flowing from a thoughtful, well-instructed mind, without any parade of logic, hut with an intuitive simplicity and directness which gives an almost axiomatic force. From this characteristic we could almost have conjectured what is stated in the preface, that the study of ethical philosophy w,as the author's favourite pui-suit for at least threescore yeara, and that for forty years It formed a branch of academic instruction in connection with his theological course."— Westm. Hn:. Jan. 1863. Alexander, B., M.D., d. ITfiS, trans. Morgagni's Seats and Causes of Di-seiises inves. by Anatomy, Lon., 1769. Alexander, Caleb, D.I)., of Mass., U. S. of America, d. 1828. 1. Essay on the Deity of Jesus Christ, Ac, 1796. 2. Latin Grammar, 17'.H; and .an English Grammar. Alexander, D. Cnn.toAnnalsof Med.,Ti.p.aO3,1801. Alexander, U., M.D. Treatise on Croup, Hucid., 179-1. Alexander, D. T. A Call to the .Jews, Lon. Alexander De Hales, d. 1245, a celebrated English theologian, was called by his contemporaries the Irrefragable Doctor and the Fountain of Life. So highly was he esteemed by Pope Innocent that he ordered him to compile the Summa Theologica. He also wrote some commentaries on the Scrip- tures. The comments, were printed at Venice, H9B, 1575- Leipsic,1591; Cologne, 1621. The Summa, at Venice, 1475| '96,1570; Nuremb., 1-181-82; Paris, 1189; Basel, 1502. Ac. Alexander, E. Con. to Med. Com., xv. p. 373, 1790. Alexander Essebiensis, an English poet and theo- logian, flourished about 1220. He wrote a Chronicle of Eng- l.and; A Medical Compendium of Bible History ; A Life of St. Agnes, Ac. See Bale; Tanner's Bibliotheca. Alexander, J. God's Covenant Displayed, Lon., 1684. Alexander, J. Theological works, Lon., 1680, 1727. Alexander, J. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1740 ALE Alexander, J. Dissert, on Quick Lime, Glasg., 1760. Alexander, J. Essays, Lon., 1768. Alexjinder, J, Con. to Med. Com., iii. p. 186, 1775. Alexander, J. Eau de Luce, Ac; Med. Com., xiv. n 297, ITS'J. ' Alexander, Sir J. E. (Captain.) This celebrated traveller has given us his adventures and observations in fourteen volumes, pub. 1827-38. 1. Travels from India to England, 1825-26, Lon., 1827. " Cont.-iining many lively and interesting descriptions, more par- ticularly of scenes in Burmah." — (^uar. Jiev. 2. An Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa Ac, Lon., 1838. " In this narrative we find Captain Alexander, as hitherto, lively and entertaining." — Lit. Gas. 3. Litis of the Duke of Wellington, 2 vols. 8vo. " It CMiidcnses within popuhir limits the dry military details "— Limdiin Globe. Alexander, James H addell, D.D., b. 1804, Louisa county, Va., eldest son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, suc- cessively Prof, at Princeton in College and Theol Sem Pastor in Charlottesville, Va., Trenton, N. J., and Fifth Ave Presb. Church, N. York. '• He is highly appreciated as an author; and his works have a practical utility which renders them highly popular. 1. Gift to the Afflicte.J. 2. A Geography of the Bible, Phila., 1830, 12mo, compiled by J. VI. and J. A. Alexander. 3. The American Mechanic and Workingmau's Comnanion. N. York and Phila., 2 vols. " VVe can but touch upon these excellent little volumes; for the variety which they ...ntaii, forbids all hope of giving a just idea of their contents willi,.ut imm.rous extr.acts. AVe hope their circu- lation will widen until better books of the siimc kind are written — which 13 allowing them a long lease of public favour."— iii World 4. Thoughts on Family Worship, 12mo. 6. Consolation • or. Discourses to the Suffering Children of God. N. York, 8vo. 6. Memoir of Rev. Arehibald Alexander, N. York, Svo! 7. Plain Words to a Young Communicant, 12rao; also in Welsh. He has written more than thirty juvenile works for the Amer. Sunday-school Union, of wliich the best-known are: Infant Library, Only Son, Scripture Guide, Frank Harper, Carl The Young Emigrant, Ac. 8. The American Suuday-,School and its Adjuncts, Phila., 1856 : a valuable book to all interested in Sunday-schools. Contributed to Princeton Rev. since its commencement in 18''5 Alexander, John, 1736-1765, an Irish Unitarian mi- nister. 1. A Paraphrase upon the 15tb Chapter 1 Corinth. ■ see Monthly Rev., 0. S., vol. xxxiv. 443-451. 2. Com- mentary on the 6th, 7th, and 8th Chapters of Romans; and a berm. on Eccles. ix. 10, composed the day preceding his death. Lon.. 17(16. ' 1„,!^J/l'L" *"'*,™"«'>™f " fe" K""'! critical remarks; but the theo- logical creed of he writer occupies a most prominent place through- out. The^lenml of the doctrine of the atonement, of a state of hap- piness of dep.irted spirits, and of the resurrection of the same body (it will perha|is surprise the reader.) is founded on the 15th chai.ler of the 1st Epistle to the Corinthians. .Noueof these important truths, however, could Mr. -Alexander find here." — Okme. Alexander, John Henry, b. 1812, at Annapolis, Md. 1. Treatise on Mathematical Instruments used in Survey- ing, Levelling, and Astronomy, by F. W. Simms; edited, with Copious Additions, Bait., 1835, 8vo; 1839, Svo; 1848, 8vo. 2. Treat, on Levelling, by F. W. Simms ; with large Additions, Bait., 1838, Svo. 3. Contrib. to a History of the Metallurgy of Iron : Pt. 1, Bait., 1840, Svo, pp. xxiv., 264, pbatcs. 4. Contributions, Ac. : Pt. 2, Bait,, 1842, Svo. 5. Introits ; or, Ante-Communion Psalms for the Sundays and Holy-DaysthroughouttheYear, Phila., 1844, 12mo. 6. Re- port on Standards of Weights and Measures for the State of Maryland, 1846, Svo, pp. iv.,213. 7. Universal Dictionary of Weights and Measures, Ancient and Modern, Bait., 1S50, r. Svo, pp. viii., 158. 8. Catena Dominica, Phila., 12mo. 9. Reports on the New Map of Maryland ; annual from 1838 to 1840. — Annapidis Public Printer. Various papers, to bo found in thoscientificjournalsof America, England, France, and Germany. Alexander, Joseph Addison, D.D., b. 1809, Phila- delphia, third son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, (y. t'.,) grad. at Coll. of N.J., Princeton, 1826 ; was appointed Adjunct Prof, of Ancient Languages and Literature in his alma mater, 1830, which office he resigned in 1833 ; elected Prof, of Biblical Criticism and Ecclesiastical History 1838, and in 1852 he was transferred to the Chair of Biblical and Ecclesiastical History. 1. The Earlier Prophecies of Isaiah, N. York, 1S46, Svo. 2. The Later Prophecies of Isaiah, N. York, 1847, Svo. The two reprinted in 1 vol., 968 pp., by Collins, of Glasgow, with an Introduction by the Rev. John Eadie, LL.D., Prof, of Biblical Literature to the United Presl-yterian Church. " Truly such a theologian as Professor Alexander is a credit to his country and a blessing to the age. His introduction alone to his commentary on Isaiah is a contribution of surpassing value. It evinces a vast range of acquaintance with the early and modern schools of interpretation."— i'linijflicjt; Mag. " We reckon it among the best commentaries on Isaiah of aoT age or language." — Dr. Eadie. 3. The Psalms Translated and Explained, 3 vols. 12mo, N. York, 1850. Of this work 10,000 volumes were sold In less than four years. " Dr. Alexander's recentlj'-puhlished work on the P.salms is well known in the literary world. It is a splendid exegetical work, and places Its author at once in the highest rank of this department of literature- — Knickcrlxjcker. 4. Isaiah Translated and Explained, [An abridgment of Nos. 1 and 2,] 2 vols. 12mo, N. York, 1851. 5. Essays on the Primitive Church Offices, [reprinted from the Princeton Review,] N. York, 1851. Dr. A., in connexion with Dr. Hodge, is preparing a Commentary on the New Testament, several vols, of which have been published. Alexander, L. Jewish Poor in London, Ac, 1802. Alexander te Partiger, an English ecclesiastic of the tliirtecnth century. Sec Tanner for a list of his works. Alexander Neekam. See Neck.iji. Alexander, Stephen, LL.D.,b. 1S06, at Schenectady, N.\., grad. at Union Coll. 1824, and matriculated at the Theol. Sem. at Princeton, 1832; was elected Adjunct Prof, of Mathematics in the same institution, 1834, which position he filled until 1840, when the Professorship of Astronomy was created and assigned to him. In 1845, he succeeded to the Chair of Mathematics, which he exchanged, in 1S54 for the Professorship of Mechanics and Astronomy. He occupies a deservedly high position as an astronomer Among his papers which .attracted the most attention is one on the Physical Phenomena attendant upon Solar Eclipses, read before the Amer. Phil. Soc at their centen- nary meeting, 1843, and pub. in their proceedings. Funda^ mental Principles of Malhcinatics, in Amer. Jour. Sci 1S49. On the Origin of the Forms and the Present Con- dition of some of the Clusters of Stars and several of the 'Nebulip, pub. Amer. Ast. Jour. This valuable paper has attracted the notice of the leading astronomers of the world He has contributed other important papers to many of the principal sciciitilic j(.urnals. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc Alexander, Thomas S. I'ractice of the Court of Chancery and County Courts as Courts of Eiiuity, in Marv- land. Bait.. Svo. 1S:(9. Alexander, W. L. 1. The Connection and Harmony of tlie Old and New Testaments, Lon., 1S41. 2 High Catholicism not Ajiostolical, Edin., 1843. 3. Switzerland and the Swiss Churches, Gla.sg., 1S46. 4. Life and Corre spondenco of Dr. Wardlaw; 2d ed., p. Svo. Alexander, >Vm. Medulla Historia Scotia?, Ac Alexander,>Vm.,draltsmiin to Earl Macartney during ALlf ALF the embassy to China, afterwards in the print-department of the Brit. Museum. 3. Sketches from Nature madu in China, Lon., iri'T. 4. The Costume of China, pul). in numbers. Alexander, Win. Hist. Cat. II. Seripture.'^, Lon., 1815. Alexander, Wm. Conduct of Maj.-Gen. Shirley, &c. Alexander, \V., "of the University of Pennsylvania." Poetical Works, including Christiau Dramas, and Minor Poems, with Dissertation on Poetry, and a tSkctch of his Life, Phila.. IS47. " We are rather inclined to think that Jlr. Alexander has alto- getber misUik(.-u his voi-atioD. A scholarly appit-tiation of what is beautiful in literature, with earnest religious tft-linj^s, is not enough to make a po<-t." — Literary World. Alexander, VVm., M.D. Short Survey of the Lineal Descent of the Sov. Princes of Europe, Edinburgh, 1703. Alexander, VVm., M.D. Medical works, &c., Edin. and Lond., 17fi7-79. Alexander, Wm., Earl of Stirling, 1580-1640, commenced to be an author at the early age of fourteen. He was born at Menstrie, Scotland, and was a descendant of the family of Macdonald. James I. and Charles I. were both much attached to him. The first gave him a grant of Nova Scotia in 1621, which charter has since been the cause of considerable discussion. In his Aurora he pre- sented the public with more thiin a hundred sonnets, songs, and elegies, as a poetical display of an ill-requited pas- sion, which distance from the object of his attachment could not remove. " Ue was greatly superior to the stylo of his n^*-." — Horace Walpole. "The Parienesis of Sir Will Lam Alexander is a noble poem." — PiNKEETON. After perusing our author's poems, Addison remarked that '■The beauties in our ancient English poets are too slightly passed over by modtrn writers, who, out of a peculiar singularity, had rather take pains to find lauJt than endeavour to excel." Among his other works are lour tragedies in alternate rhyme, denominated Monarchicke, viz.: Darius, published 1603; Croesus, 1604; The Alexandrian Tragedy, and Ju- lius Ctesar, 1607. *' These pieces are not calculated for the sta^e; but include some admirable lessons for sovereign power, and several cborusus written with no small share of poetic vigour." — Dr. Drake. '' My philosophical poet." — James I. " His Panenesis and Aurora are almost classical performances, and well merit republication.'" — Db. Anderson. "John Dunbar, Arthur Johnston, and Andrew Ramsay, have lauded the Earl of Stirling in their Latin poetry. Daniel has com- plimented him before the edition of bis Philotas in 1 1'lOS ; Davies of Hereford has done the same in liis Seourge of Folly and Wit's Bed- lam; Haj-man addressed two jihiudits to him in his tiuodlibets; Habington commended bis Tra;_'ick P.aptures and Uonmes-Day in Castara; Drayton gave bim atTectionate praise in his epistle to Henry Reynolds, Esq. — Park's M'llj^ok's A'. & A^. Authors. Aleyn, Charles, died about 1640, was a poet of con- siderable reputation. 1. The Battle of Cressevand Poic- tiers, 1632. 2. The History of Henry VII.,' Ac, 1038. 3. The History of Euriolua'^d Lucretia, 1639, translated from jEneas Sylvius. Dr. Thomas AVykes s:iys he had read over the " Historic of Heurie," and ''judges it worthy of being made public." " For I was certain that this book by thee Was dedicated to eternity.'' Aleyn, J. Keports Select Cases in Banco Re!;is,1681-8S. Alford, Rev. Henry, B.D., b. 1810, London, Vicar of Wyme-swold, Leicestershire, grad. at Trinity Coll., Cam- bridge. Poems and Poetical Fragments, Camb., 1831. The School of the Heart, and other Poems, 2 vols., 1835. Abbot of Muchelnaye, and other Poems, 12mo. Chapters on the Poets of Ancient Greece, 8vo, 1841. The Consistency of the Divine. Conduct in Revealing the Doctrines of Redemption : being the Hulscan Lectures for 1841. To which are added two Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge, Camb., 1842. Part the Second, 1843. Psalms and Hymns adapted to the Sundays and Ilolydays throughout the Year, to which are added some occasional hymns, Lon., 1844. Poetical Works, 2 vols. 12mo. Select Poetical Works, 12mo; Bost., 1853, 12mo, pp. 424. Serms., 8vo. Serms. at Quebec Chapel, 2 vols. 8vo. Village Serms.. 12mo. Greek Testa- ment, with Notes, Ac: vol. i., 1844: vol. ii., 1852; vols, iii. and iv., 1856, '57. See Memoirs by his son, Svo, 18.55. Alford, J., Trans, of a work upon the Lute, Lou., 1568. Alford, Joseph. The Church Triumphant. Lon., 1649. Alford, or Griffith, illichael, 1587-1652, born at London. Britannia Illustrata, 1041. Fides Re;,n'a Bri- Umnica, sive Annales Ecclcsia BriUrnniea, &c., 1063. " A work of no veiy ordinary occurrence, and, at the same time, of very considerable utility ; as treating fully of the church his- tory of this countrj- from the earliest period to the rei^n of Henry 11." — D13DIN. Alfred the Great, 848-901, the youngest child of Ethehvolf and Osburgha, was born in the royal manor of Wauta^'c in Berkshire, where the kings of the West-Sax- ons had a palace, supposed to have been built on the site of a Roman station. History has preserved several anec- dotes of the childhood and youth of this great prince. He was distinguished above all his brothers by his beauty, graceful manners, and early display of talent, and was on that account the favourite of his parents. Alfred's efforts for the restoration of literature in England were great, and to a certain degree successful. The following works were either written by him or have been attributed to him : 1. In order to make his subjects more generally ac- quainted with ancient history, Alfred translated intoEng- lish the historical work of Orosius. A manuscript of this translation is in the Cottonian Library, Tiberius, B. 1, from which it was printed by Daines Barrington. Ano- ther copy is now, with the other manuscripts belonging to the Lauderdale Library, in the possession of Lady Dysart. 2. The Anglo-Saxon version of Bede's History of the Anglo-Saxon Church has also been generally attributed to Alfred. Manuscripts of this work are in the Public Li- brary of the University of Cambridge, and in C(»rpu3 Christ! College. Cambridge. No. 41, the latter of which belonged to Leofric, Bishop of Exeter. The other manu- script (MS. Cotton. Otho, B. xi.) was destroyed by the fire in the Cottonian Library. This book also has been printed. 3. Alfred tr.inslated for the more especial use of his clergy the Pastorale of Pope Gregory, and is said to have sent a coj.y of it to each of his bishops, whose names were severally inserted in the translator's preface. Three of the original copies thus sent are still preserved, ad- dressed to Wulfsige. Bishop of Sherborne, (in the Public Library, Cambridge.) to Wa-rferth, Bishop of Worcester, (in the Bodleian Library, MS. Hattun, No. 88,) and to Plegmund of Canterbury. (MS. Cotton, Tiberius, B. xi.) The latter is very much injured by the hre. The Cam- bridge MS., which had been preserved in the cathedral of Wells, and was sent by Bishop Jewel to Archbishop Par- ker, is as clean and fresh in appearance as when it came from the hands of Alfred's scribe, and is a noble specimen of Anglo-Saxon writing. The Cottonian MS. Otho, B. ii., now destroyed by the fire, contained a copy from the one sent by the king to Hehstan. Bishop of London, appa- rently of the luth or beginning of the 11th century. There is also a .'Somewhat later transcript of M'ulfsige's copy of the Pastorale in the library of Trinity College, Cam- brirlge. ami another manuscript of the book in the library (d' Corpus Christi College, No. 12. This work has not been printed. The Dialogues of Pope Gregory were translated by Waerferth, Bishop of Worcester, under Al- fred's direction. 4. Another work of the king's, which is still preserved, is a select translation of the Soliloquies of St. Augustine. A copy of it is in MS. Cotton. Vitellius, A. xv., but it has not been printed. 5. One of the most interesting of Alfred's translations is that of the treatise of Boethius De Consolatione Philo- sophise, a work exceedingly popular during the Middle Ages. It is more freely translated than his other books, and exhibits, more than any of them, the philosophical turn of Alfred's mind. The original is said to have been glossed for the king by Asser. to render it more easily in- telligible. A manuscript of this work, written in the common hand of the 10th century, Otho, A. vi.. has been so much injured by fire that it consists only of a few ragged leaves. A transcript of it is preserved among the manuscripts of Junius in the Bodleian Library. Another, written towards the beginning of the 12th century, is in the Bodleian Library. It has been twice printed. 6. Alfred's Manual, or Hand-book, (as he called it,) ex- isted in the time of William of Malmsbury. Asser says that it was about the size of a Psalter, and that Alfred entered in it prayers and psalms, and his daily observa- tions, and that he always carried it about with him. It appears, from William of Malmsbury, that italso contained historical anecdotes and miscellaneous entries. 7. William of Malmsbury informs us that the king, at the time of his death, had commenced an Anglo-Saxon version of the Psalms, which he left unfinished; some have pretended that Alfred translated other parts of the Bible. 8. Most writers who have given lists of Alfred's works include among them what they call Alfred's Proverbs. This work, which has been recently printed, is preserved in two manuscripts, in MS. Trin. Coll., Cambridge, B. xiv. ALP ALF xxxix., and in MS. Cul. Jes., Oxford, i. xxis. ; a third, MS. Cuttou. Gallia, A. xix., perished in the fire. They are of the beginning of the 13th century. It is a collec- tion of moral instructions in verse, conveyed in popular proverbs, supposed to be addressed by him to his people and to his sou, but it has no claim to be ranked among his works. This tract must have been in existence early in the 12th century, for it is mentioned by Ailred of Kievaux. 9. The translation of Esop's Fables attributed to King Alfred was probably not more genuine. Our knowledge of this book is derived from the Epilogue to the fables of the Anglo-Norman poetess Marie, who says that she translated them from Alfred's English version : *' Esope apelum cest livre, Qu "il trauslata e fist esrru*e; De Griu en Latin le turna. Li reis Alvrez, que mei-t I'ama, Le translata puis en Engleis; Kt jeo I'ai rimee en Franceis, et^." MS. Harl., No. 978, fol. 87, vo. Some of the manuscripts of these fables give a different reading of the name, but that uf Alfred is the best sup- ported. His name long continued to be popular, and was probably affixed in different ways to many such works as the two last mentioned. The introductiou to a Latin ver- sion of Esop, preserved in a manuscript in the British Museum, also mentions Alfred's English translation, in a manner which can leave little doubt of the existence of such a book bearing that monarch's name. The old bibliographers, such as Bale and Leland, enu- merate other works under the name of Alfred, fur which there is no authority. We think also that it is not neces- sary to place among the king's literary jiroductions his enactments, which are printed in all the editions of the Anglo-Saxon laws. His translations are executed with much spirit. As he tells us himself, he " sometimes interprets word for word, and sometimes meaning for meaning ;" and ho not unfrequently inserted passages of his own. The most interesting of his works in respect to this latter point are, his version of Boethius, containing several very remarkable additions, and his Orosius, in the geographical part of which he has given the valuable narratives of two northern navigators, Ohtere and Wulfstan, whom he had personally examined. In point of style. Alfred's translations may bo considered as the purest specimens we possess of Anglo-Saxon prose. Former biographers have been induced to give him the fame of being a poet as well as a prose writer; this is ow- ing to Asser's account of the love which the king showed always to his native poetry, and of the metrical version of the Metres of Boethius, attributed to him. We have already stated it as our opinion that these metres were not the work of Alfred ; they were probably composed by some obscure writer of the 10th century, who imagined that Alfred's version of Boethius was imperfect so long as the metres were only given in prose. If Alfred had written verse, it would certainly have possessed some of the higher characteristics which distinguish that class of compositions in the Anglo-Saxon language ; and we can- not believe that he would have submitted to the puerile occupation of arranging his own words in alliterative couplets. He died on the 28th of October, 901. His children, and even his grand-children, inherited from him the same great- ness of mind, and love of science and literature, which were so conspicuous in his own character. His name con- tinued to be cherished among his countrymen till the ex- tinction of Anglo-Saxon independence, aud it was without doubt the subject of numerous traditionary stories and anecdotes. Even in the 12th and KUli centuries his memory wati kept alive as the burden of popular songs, anil by productions similar to the fables and proverbs already mentioned. KniTioNS OF King Alfred's Works.— The preface to the Pash> ral« was printed with Asser's Life, by Matthew I'arkor. fol., Lond., 1574; it was reprintt'd at Leyden, in 1597. jvir Hon. Vulcanium Brugcnsem, in a scarce, anonymous work, cut itlcil l).:" Liteiis ot Lingua Getarum. sive Gothorum : it was apaiu printed by Camden, in his Anglica Normauica, &c. Scripta, fol. Francof., 1003; aud afterwards by Wise, \\\ his edition of Asser. 8vo, Oxou., 1722. Ilietoriie Ectlesiastii-jt- Gentis Anglorum labii V. a Venerabili Beda Presbytero s.'ri].li. VA\h A hy Wheloc, fob, Cantabr., 1043. Alfred's Anglo-Saxon \']^iMit i,i lirde. An. Maul. Sever. H'.,.tliii tMn.c.lationis Pbilosophiie Libri T. Anglo-Saxonice redditi ali Alfivdo, in.-lyto Anglo-Saxonum Hegl. Ad apographum Junianuin. expresses edidit Chri.stophorus llaw- linson, e Collegio Reginoe, 8vo, Oxon., Ifi98. Histflrine Ecclesiastical Gentis Ani^Inrum. Ac. Auctore Baeda. Edited by Smith, fob, Cautjibr., 1722. pp. 471-t>4y. Anglo-Saxon version of Bede. 50 The Anglo-Saxon version, from the historian Orosius, by .ffUlVed the Oreat, together with an English Translation from the Anglo- Saxon. Svo. London. 1773. By Daines Barrington. The Will of King Alfred. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1788, 4to. The Will of King Alfred, reprinted fiom the Oxford ed. of 1788; with a preface and additional notes by Tlinmas Astle, 8vo.l828. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Bwthius deConsolatione Philosophiie, with an English TransUition, and notes. By J. S. Cardah'. 8vo. London. 1S29. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of the Metres of Boethius, with an English Translation, and Notes. By the Rev. Samuel Fox, Svo, London, 18:15. Reli'iui:!' Antiqua?. Edited by Thomas Wright and James Orchard llalliwell. toI. i. Sto, London. 1S41, pp. 170-1S8. The Pro- verbs of King Alfred. — Ablrre.viated frcrni WrighVs Biog. Brit. Lit. Alfred of Beverly, born about llOO, derives his chief importance from the dispute which has arisen whether he preceded or came after Geoffrey of Monmouth. Histo- rians and bibliographers have all fixed at too early a date the period when Alfred of Beverly compiled his history. All that we know of his life is derived from his own writ- ings. While occupied with his historical researches, it appears that the history of Geoffrey of Monmouth was published, aud began to create a great sensation. Alfred hearing people talk of British kings of whom he was en- tirely ignorant, and ashamed to be obliged continually to confess that he knew nothing about them, became anxious to obtain a sight of the new history, and with much diffi- culty succeeded. He perused it with avidity, and. charmed with the novelty of its contents, he would have made a transcript of it for himself if he had been allowed suffi- cient time, and had possessed money enough to buy the materials at once: but this not being the case, he deter- mined to make an abridgment of it. Alfred informs us that, having abridged the history of the Britons, he de- termined to abridge other historians, so as to continue bis boi'k through the Saxon and Norman times. "We trace, as having gone through this procet^s, among others. Bede, Floreiwe of Worcester, and the Northern writer Simeon of Durham, which historian appears to have been the last he used, for Alfred's history closes in the same year with that of Simeon, A.D. 1129, the 29th year of Henry I. His historical notices are extremely brief, and his style is that of the ordinary writers of his age. Bale has increased the number of works attributed to Alfred of Beverly, by mak- ing three different titles out of his one known historical epitome. He is said to have written a life of John of Beverly : but we know with more certainty that he was the author of a work on the rights and privileges of his church, which he is said in the title to have translated from Eng- lish into Latin, and which was preserved in the Cottonian Library, but the volume containing it unfortunately pe- rished in the fire. Edition, Alurcdi Beverlacensis Annales, sive Historia de Gcstis Regum Britannia?, Libris ix., e co- dice pervetusto. . . . Descripsit ediditque Tho. Hearnius, Oxon., 1716. Svo. — Ahhrev.from Wri.jht's Biog. Brit. Lit. Alfred, {flourished 1170.) who by some writers is named the Philosopher, is enumerated by Roger Bacon among those who had transluted the Arabian books of science into Latin. Pits, partly on the authority of Boston of Bury, tells us that he wandered in search of learning through France and Italy, and that at Rome he was re- ceived into the family of Cardinal Oltobini, who made him hi.s chaplain, and brought him to England, when he was sent as legate by Pope Urban IV. to make peace between Henry II T. and his barons. This however cannot be cor- rect, for one of Alfred's principal works, the translation (from the Arabic) of Aristotle's treatise, De Vegetabilibus et Plantis, is dedicated to Roger of Hereford, whose con- temporary ho must have been. In the manuscripts of thi« book, preserved in the Bibliothcrpie Royale at Paris, the author is sometimes named sinijdy Magister Alfredus, and at others Alfredus de Sarchel. M. Jourdain states reasons for believing that this work was translated in Spain. Pits mentions the titles of several other books attributed to him. most of which are still extant: they are, 1. De Musica, of which he gives as the first words, Licet mihi inter medi- tandum. 2. In Boethium de Consolatione Philosophije, in five books, not now known to exist. 3. In Meteora Aristo- telis. This is preserved in a manuscript in the Royal Library at Paris, where the author's name is corruptly spelt Alphiolu.«j. 4. De Rorum Natura. M. Jourdain be- lieves this to be the treatise De Causis Elcmentorum, which is found in most of the manuscripts joined to the transla- tion of Aristotle Do Vegetabilibus. and clearly resembles it in style. 5. De Motu Cordis. M. Jourdain thinks this may be tho same as a short treatise, evidently translated from tho Arabic, whicb is found umler the same title in a MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, MS. Lat. No. 6443. AI/F ALI 6. Leland mentions a treatise by this writer, (or some per- sim of the same name,) De Educatione Accipitrum. Per- haps the Aluredus Angllcus, mentioned by Boston of Bury as Cardinal Ottoboni's chaphiin, and as tije author of the treatitie on music, and the Commentary on Boethius, was a different person from the philosopher. — Abbreviated from Wri.jht'H Bioy. Brit. Lit. Alfric, or Alfred of jiralmsbury, flourished in 990. William of Malmsimry tolls us that he was a learned man. The old !tibli<»^i!JpliL-rs attribute to this writer a scientific ticatise Dc Natui is Rerum, and a history of liis abbey, De Rebus sui *_'ii:-U(ibii. Xo such works, however, are now knowu to exist. William of Malmsbury has wrongly at- tributed to this Alfric the writings of Alfred of Canter- bury. — Abbreri'tttd from Wright's Biofj. lirit. Lit. Alfric of Canterbury, died 1006. No Anglo-Saxon writer has oxcittd sd much interest in modern times by his works as Alfric the Grammarian, as he has been generally named, from his grammar; and yet there are few whose personal history Is involved in so much confusion and un- certainty. This arises, in part, from the name having been extremely common among the Auglo-Saxanes. Bridferth, who dedicated to him his life of Dun- stan, speaks of the wonderful extent of his learning. Alfric died on the 16th of November, 1006. It is probable that the greater part of Alfric's numerous writings are still extant. They consist chiefly of transla- tions, and may be conveniently divided into three classes : those intended for the instruction of youth, theological works written after his mission to the Abbey of Cerne, and those which he composed after his elevation to the Bishop- ric of Wilton. 1. The Latin Grammar, which is a trans- lation from the old grammars of Donatus and Priscian, and from which Alfric has derived his title of Grammati- eus. Several manuscripts of his grammar are preserved, aud it was printed by Somner in the 17th century. The second, or Anglo-Saxon, preface alludes to his homilies, and therefore must have been written after he left Win- chester. 2. Tlie Glossary of Latin words most commonly used in conversation, (for which purpose it was intended,) which is generally found in the same manuscripts with the Gramuiar, was also published by Somner. ?>. The Collo- quium, or conversation in Latin, with an interlinear Saxon gloss, intended to further the same object as the Glossary, and forming a second book to it. 4. We ought probably to attribute to Alfric the Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astrono- my, which occurs so frequently in early manuscripts. It is fuuud in a large manuscript of Alfric's works in the Public Library of the University of Cambridge, and con- tains many of the characteristics of Alfric's writings, par- ticularly his expressions of contempt for the "unlearned priests;" recently printed. 5. A collection of homilies, (the greatest of all Alfric's works,) amounting iu number to eighty, and written, as he acknowledges, at the sugges- tion of Ethelmer and Ethetward. 6. After this collection was i-omjileted, Alfric, at the request of Ethelward, com- piled from the Latin another set of homilies, commemo- rative of the diff"erent sainta revered by the Anglo-Saxon church, divided, like the former, into two books. A copy of this work will be found in MS. Cotton. Julius, E. vii. 7. One of the next works of Alfric, or at least one of those completed before he was raised to a bishopric, was the translation of the Heptateuch. 8. A treatise on the Old and New Testament, addressed to Sigwarda?t East- Ileolon, which was printed with a translation by Lisle. 9. A treatise on the Trinity, addressed to Wulfgeat set Yimandune, preserved iu manuscript in the Bodleian Library, lu. The abridgment of Ethelwold's Constitutions, for the monks of Eynsham, preserved in manuscript at Cambridge, MS. Coop. Chr. Coll., No. 265. 11. Perhaps Alfric was the author of the translation of the life of Guthlac, by Felix of Croyland, preserved in MS. Cotton. Vespas. D. xxi. 12. An Epistle to Sigferth, on the marriage of the clergy. While Bishop of Wilton he probably wrote. 13. The Sermo iElfrici episcopi ad clerieos, and 14. The Sermo ad Sacer- dotes, both preserved in MS. Coop. Chr. Coll., Camh., No. 265, and in other manuscripts. The latter found also in MS. Cotton. Tiber. A. iii., is addressed to Bishop Wulfsine, and is also known as Alfric's Canons. It has been printed. These are in Latin and in Anglo-Saxon. — Abbrwintrd from Wriuht'e Bioa. Brit. Lit. Alfric ItHta, d. 1051. He informs us that he was the disciple of the elder Alfric (not of Ethelwold) at Winches- ter. He is known principally as having republished and enlarged some of the books of scholastic instruction com- piled l»y his master, more particularly the Colloquium, printed by Mr. Thorpe. It is probable that he also repub- lished Alfric's Grammar and Glossary, for they are joined with the Colloquium in the manuscript of the latter pre- served at Oxford; and in the copy of the grammar printed by Somner thcru is a short epistle connecting Alfric's name with th;tt nf King Canute, which cannot refer to Alfric of Canterbury. lie is supposed to be the author of the Lite of Ethelwold J also of one of the homilies (entitled iu some manuscripts In Natale Unius Coufessoris) a marginal note to which, in one of the mauuscripcS, states that it was composed at the desire of the yctunger Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester, who is said to have succeeded Cyuewulf in 1008. — Abbreviated from Wrifjhfs liioff. Brit. Lit. Alfrid. 1. Appeal in the Case of M. A. Fitzhcrbert, 1790. 2. Letter? : View uf the P..lit. State of Europe, 1793. Alger, William Rounseville, b. 1823, at Free- town, Mass. 1. Symbolic History of the Cross of Christ, 18mo. 2. Oriental Poetry, or Metrical Specimens of the Thought, Sentiment, and Fancy of the East; with an His- torical Introduction, 12mo. 3. History of the Doctrine of a Future Life as it has prevailed in all Nations and Ages, 8vo. " An extraordinary amount of solid learning and deep research, abounding with innumerable beauties of thought." Ed., with au Introduction, Studies of Christianity; or, Timely Thoughts for Religious Thinkers, by Rev. Jas, Martineau, Bost., 1858. Algernon. The Royal Wanderer, eply indebted to the performer of this disinte- rested ar.t of labour." — Scotsman. In a work published at Edinburgh in 1850, entitled A Disserbation on the Reclamation of Waste Lands, he fully examines the subject, and recommends the colonization of waste lands by paupers and criminals. — Meyj of the Ttmc. Allam, Andrew, 1655-1685, born near Oxford, (at Garsingdon,) was a pupil of William Wildgoose, a teacher well known at that time. He took holy orders in 1680. He had a predilection for antiquarian pursuits; and be- sides assisting -Anthony Wooil in his Athense Oxon., he made additions to Notitia, (1684,) and to Helorius's His- torical and Chronological Theatre, (pub. 1687.) He also wrote the Epistle prefixed to Dr. Cosin's Ecclesiffi Angli- canaj Politeia, Ac, containing an account of the doctor's life; a translation of the Life of Iphierates, Oxf., 16S4. He projected a Notitia Ecclesia; Anglicana;, or History of Cathedrals, but was prevented by death from completing his design. — Biog, Jirtt. Allamaud. Unannealed Glass Vessels, Phil. Trans., 1745. Allan. Power of the C. Magistrate, &c., Edin., 1807. Allan, Charles. See Aleyn, C. Allan, I). 1744-96, Plates illus. of Scottish Song. Allan, George, died ISOO, an English antiquary of note, was an attorney at Darlington. He published a numlier of works, and, among others, struck ofl" the follow- ing at his private printing-press : — Collections relating to Sherburn Hospital, 1773 ; others for Greatham and Sb Edmund's Hospital at Gateshead ; A Sketch of the Life and Ch.aracter of Bishop Trevor, 1776. Mr. Hutchinson's History of Durham was much aided by him. "Nor is it any discredit to Mr. Hutchinson's industry to say, th.at it proceeded under the guidance of Mr. Allan's judgment." Mr. Allan presented the Antiquarian Society of London with 26 quarto vols, of MS. relating chiefly to the Univer- sity of Oxford. ■■ In the way from Darlington to Blackwell you pass the Grange .... long eminently distinguished as the seat of benevolence and the virtues." — Nic]i/>Ws Literary AnncdotfS. Allan, George, 176S-1S2S, M.P. for Durham, son of the above, inherited his father's passion for literary pur- suits. Ho was a contributor to that invaluable literary store-house, Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Allan, J. H. Pictorial Tour in the Mediterranean, Lou.. 4to. Allan, U. 1. A Dictionary of the Ancient Languages of Scotland, Edin., 1S04. 2. A Treatise on the Operation of Lithotomy, ic, Edin., 1808. 3. A System of Pathos- logical and "Operative Surgery, founded on Anatomy, 3 vols.. lSlU-24. Allan, Robert. Manual of Mineralogy, Lon., Svo. Allan, Thomas. Works on Mineralogy, 1808-18. Allansou. Sermon on ,Iohn xiii. 34, I'TSO. Allanson, J. A. Picturesque Representations of the Manneis of the Russians, 3 vols. fol. Lond., 1813. AUardyce, A. \A. respect. Bank of Eng., 1798-lSOl. AUason, J., D.D. Sermon on 2 Sam. xviii. 3, 1713. Allason, T. Pict. Views: Anti. of Pola., Lond., 1819. Allbnt. Elements Useful Knowledge, Ac., Lond., 1809. Alk'hin, R. Ag. Bnt. Allen, Thos., 1572-1636, a clergyman, and literary friend of Sir Henry Saville, was probationer fellow of Merton College, Oxf. Observationes in Libellum Chrysos- tomi in Esaiam. " He entered into the sacred function, but instead of frequent preaching, he exercised himself much in crablied and critical learn- ing. He was one that helped Sir II. Saville in making and fram- ing his Annotations on Chrysostimies Homilies, on Matthew and the other Evangelists, as he doth acknowled-re in his preface to the said Annotations, wherein ho styles this our author Vir doctrissi- viiis, Oraxorum literarum non minus quam Theologiie pt-ritissimus, Ac." — Anthoxt Wood. Allen, Thos. The Excellency of the Koyal Hands' Handy Work, Lon., 1665. Allen, Thos., 16U8-1673, a Nonconformist minister, born and stationed at Norwich. In 16."i6. Bishop Wren fiilenced him for refusing to read the disgraceful Book of Sports. Chain of Scripture Chronology, from the Creation to the Death of Christ in seven periods, Lon., 16.39. Preface to Shepard's work on Liturgies. The Glory of Christ, tfec. Allen, or Allein, or Alleine, Thos., 1682?-1755, died while reading prayers in his church, at Kettering, Northamp. The Practice of a Holy Life, Ac, Lon., 1716. The Christian's Sure Guide to Eternal Life : both trans- lated into the Russian language. He wrote a number of other works. Allen, Thos., 1743-1810, first minister of Pitts- field, Mass. 1. Sermon on the death of Elizabeth White; 1798. 2. On the death of Moses Allen; ISOl. 3. On the death of Anna Collins; 1803. 4. On the death of his son, 54 Thos. Allen, Jr. ; 1806. 5. Election Sermon : ISOS. Some of his letters were published in Edin, Miss. Mag. for Oct., Nov., and Dec, 1799. Allen, Thos., M.D. History and Description of a Her- maphrodite, in a Latin letter, Phil. Trans. Abr. i. 223. 1668. Allen, W., D.D. Religions works. Lon., 1673-1703. Allen, Wm. A Glass of Justification, Lon., 1658, 1660. A Relation of the Orations Release of Mrs. Huish from the Tempter, Lon., 1658. Allen, Wm. Under this name was published in 1659, the celebrated tract entitled, Killing no Murder, with some additions tit for Public View, to deter and prevent Single Persons and Councils from Usurping Supreme Power. This tract has been attributed both to Colonel Silas Titus and to Colonel Sexby. It invited all j)atriots to assassina- tion, proclaiming that the greatest benefit any Englishman could render his country would be to murder Cromwell. A copy was thrown into the Protector's coach, and it is said that he afterwards always carried loaded pistols, and never knew another moment's peace. Allen, Wni. Ways and Means, &c.. Value of Land, Lon., 1736. Allen, Win. Ascension Sermon, E.x. xs. 16, 1743. Allen, Wni., pub. an edition of the Twelve Orations by which Demusthenes endeavoured to animate the Athe- nians with the spirit of liberty. •• This edition (1757) is allowed to possess much merit." — WaWs Bib. Brit. Allen, Wm., 1770-1843, a distinguished member of the Society of Friends, elected Fellow Roy. Soc, 1807, and contrib. many valuable papers to the Society's Phil. Trans., being the results of his more important chemical investigations. See Life and Corresp., Lon., 3 vols. Svo; Memoir by Jas. Sherman, new cd., p. Svo, 1857 j Pharma- ceutical Jour, and Trans.. Feb. 1S44. Allen, William, D.D.. b. Jan. 2, 1784, at Pittsfield, Mass., son of Rev. Thos. Allen, first minister of Pittsfield, iq.v.); grad. at Harvard Coll.. 1802; was Pres. of Bow- doin Coll., 1820-39, at which time he resigned. He was successor of Dr. Channing as a Regent in Harvard Coll. While in that oflBee he prepared the first edition of his American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, pub. 1809, containing notices of about 700 Americans. This was the first book of general biography issued in the U.S.; 2d ed., 1832, contained more than 1800 names; 3d ed.. Best., 1S57, r. Svo, contains the names of 7000 Americans more or less distinguished. In 1807 he prepared the lives of American ministers for the Rev. David Rogue's History of Dissenters, Lon., 1809, 3 vols. Svo; 1812, 4 vols. Svo. He made a collection of more than 10,000 words not found in the dictionaries of the English language, 1500 being contributed to Worcester's Dictionary in 1846, 4000 to Webster's in 1854, and 6000 for the projected new ed. of Webster. Baccalaureate Addres.ses. 1823-29. Junius Un- masked, to prove that Lord Sackville was the real Junius, Bost.. 1828, 12mo: see Jrxics. Accounts of Shipwrecks ; Psalms and Hymns, with many Original Hymns, 1835. Memoir of John Codman, 1853. Historical Discourse on the Fortieth Anniversary of the Second Church in Dor- chester, 1848. Discourse at the Close of the Second Century of the Settlement of Northampton, Mass., 1854. Wunnissoo, or The Vale Hoosatunnuk ; a Poem, with learned Notes, 1856. He is the author of the biographical articles, in Dr. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, on John Wise, John Graham. Eleazer Whcelock, and Thomas Allen. We are indebted to Dr. Allen's Bio- graphical Diet, for many facts relating to the early Ame- rican authors. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc, vol. i. Allen, Wm. Views of the River Niger, Lon., ob. 4to. Views in the I.^land of Ascension, imp. 4to. Dead Sea: a New Route to India, 2 vols. cr. Svo. 1855. In conjunction with Mr. Thompson. Expedition to the Niger, 1841, 2 vols. Svo. Allen, Wm. Minutes for Gent. Yeomanry, Lon.. 1798. Allen, Wm. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., Ac, 1807-9. Allen, \\'m. Grammatical works, Lou., 1813-15. Allen, Wm. See Alan, W. Allen, Z., b. 1796. iit Providence, R. I. Science of Mechanics, 1829, Svo. Travels in Europe, 2 vols. Svo. Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature, 1852, Svo. Allestree, Chas. Sermons, Judg. v. 31; Num. xxiii. 10, 1685-95. Allestree, Kichard, D.D.. 1619-1681, was Provost of Eton, and Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford. Privileges of the University of Oxford, Ac, 1647. Sermons pub. 1660, 66, 73, and 84. IS Sermons, 1669; 40 Sermons before the King, Ac, 16S4. Dr. Pri- deaux was of opinion that the books ALL ''Assigned ferroneously. he thought.] to the same author, as The Whole Dutv of Man. were written l»y Rp. Fell and Dr. Alles- tree. ... As to" what Bp. Fell says in a fulio edition at Oxford, in which all these books are compri.sed tosetber, where he mentions the author as lately dead, it was generally understood to Le meant of Dr. Allestree. who was then lately deceased. ... Of Dr. Alles- tree's writinn there is a folio volume of sermons, whirh may bo compared with these ti-eatises." — Xtcfiols's Literaiy Aiii'C(t"f(;<. " He was a person rii-hly furnished with all vaiiety of riih and solid learning, requisite to lecomniend them with the fji-eatest ad- vantage to the more intelligent world for one of the most eminent divines of our age." — Wjod's Atfuii. Oxnn. Allestree, Thos- Funeral Hdkf. and three scrs., 1691. Allestry, Jacob, 165;i-l(i86, author of several pieces in the Exiimen Poeticumj one of the many poetical vic- tims to dissipation. Allet, Thos. Serraon on the Funeral of H. Clements, with the Christian Support uudcr the Loss of Friends, 2 Sam. xii. 22, Lon., 1720. Alley, Sir Geo., M.D. 1. An Essay on a Peculiar Eruptive Disease, arising from the Exhibition of Mercury; Illustrated with Cases, taken at the Westmoreland Lock Hospital, Dublin ; Dubl., 1804. 2. Observations on the Hydrargyria, or that Vesicular Disease arising from the Exhibition of Mercury, Lnn.. ISIO. Alley, Jerome, b. 17G0. Political and religious works, Lon., 1778-181)6. Alley, Peter. The Tears of the Muses, Lon., 1794. Alley, William, D.D.. 15l2?-lo70. consecrated Bishop of Exeter, 1560. translated the Pentateuch for Archbishop Parker's Bible. He was educated at Eton ; thence, in 1582, he went to King's Cull., Camb., where he took the degree of B.A., and removed thence to Oxford. He wrote a Hebrew Grammar, and was author of the Poor Man's Library ; being Rhapsodies of Prajlections on 1st Epist. St. Peter, 2 vols. fol. Lon., 1571. *' He was a person universiilly learned, especially in Divinity and in the Tongues. prea.ched almost every Holyday. and read a lecture every day while he lived at Exeter." — Wood's AOfn. Ox^jn. " He became lecturer in St. Paul's : I say lecturer, which name, though since it hath sounded ill in some jealous ears, as infected with faction, was an ancient office founded in some cathedrals, to read divinity there; and this Master Alleys learned lectures (ac- cording to that a^e) are extant in print. ... He lieth liuried under a fair marble in his own cathedral." — FuUer^s W'rrthics. AUeyu, J. Episcopacy the Great Bond of Union, Ephes. iv. 11-13, 1701. Unanimity in the Truth a Neces- sary Duty, with the Means of Acquiring it, Horn, xv, 5, 6, 1707. Alleyne, J. Leg. Decrees of Marriage, Ac., Lon., 1774. AUeyne, J., M.D. New Eng, Dispensatory, Lon., 1733. Alleyue, or Alleyii. See Allen. Alliboud, John, D.D., died 1658, son of Rev. Peter Allibond, was of Magd. Coll., Oxford, where his father had preceded hira. Anthonj' Wood gives him a high cha- racter as a scholar and a divine : •■ This worthy Doctor, who was a Buckinghamshire Mau born, and lately the chief master of the Free School joyninj; to Ma:^d, Coll.. was a most excellent Latin poet and philologist, and hath publisiied llustica Academical Oxoniensis nuper lleformata; de- scriptin : una cum comitiis ibidem, IQix habitis. "Tis a Latin poem, and was twice printed in 164S. He died at Bradwell in dlouces- tershire, (of which place he was rector,) an. 165^." Of the above satire — now very rare — on the Parliament- ary Visitors, a MS. Key is referred to in Wood's Fasti, by Bliss, ii., 69. '•A Latin poem of exquisite humour, twice printed in IfUS; re- printtd in 1705, fob; and aLrain with an Uudibrastic translation by Kdward Ward, in the fifth volume of Somers's Cullection of Tracts. A very curious copy, with a complete Key in MS., is to be found in Wood's study, No. 423." — Low.ndes. Allibond, Peter, 1560-1629, father of the preceding. " An ingenious man in the opinion of all who knew him, was born at \Vardenten. near to Hanliury in Oxfordshire, where his name and family had for some generations lived, became a student of Maird. Hall in the beginnin;^ of 1578, aa;ed IS years or there- abouts, took the degree in Arts, travelled for some time beyond the seas. and. on his return, became Hector of Cheyneys in Bucks, where, continuing many years, did much improve the ignorant with his sound doctrine. What he hath written I know not, nor translations which he hath made, only these two from French into Ensilish: 1. Comfort for an Afflicted Conscience, wherein is con- tained both consolation and instruction for the sick. &c., Lon., l.o91, Oct., written by John do L'Espine. 2. Confutation of the Popish T ran substantiation, together with a Narration how that the Mass was at sundry times patched and pieced by sundry Popes, &c.. Lon., 1592. And a translation from Latin into English, en- titled The Golden Chain of Salvation. Lon., 1604, qu., written by ILirnnn Renecher." — Wood" s At f ten. Oxon Allies, T, W, 1. Church of England Cleared from the Charge of Schism, Lon., Svo. 2. Journal in France in 1843, '48, Svo. 3. Name and Office of St. Peter, Svo. 4. Royal Supremacy, Svo. 5. See of St. Peter, Svo. 6. Ser- mons on Koniaiis, Svo. Allin, Abby, of Pomfrct, Connecticut. Home Bal- ALL lads : a Book for New Englandcrs, 1850. A contributor to several periodicals under the signature of " Nilla." *' The writings of Miss Allan are filled with warm sympathies for the working-day world: she has a cheerful, hopeful philos-opby. . . . The expression of these feelings makes her ballads popular." — IFoHitnr,-; Utrnrd. AUiii^ham. Mathematical works, &c., Lon., 1710-14, AUxn^ham, J. Till. Fortune's Frolics, 1799. "There is both fun and morality in this entertainment." — Biog, Dram. Other pieces, pub. Lon., ISO.S-OS. AIIin&:ham, W. Poems, Lon., 12mo. Music-Master, &c. : new ed., IS.")". 12mo. Allin^toii, John. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1655-78. Allison, It. Cun. to Amer. Trans.,v.87, ISOO; ib., 87. Allison, F., 1705-1777, Presby. minister in Phila. Serm. on Kph. iv. 7, 1758. Allison, P., of Pa., d. 1802. Treatises on Liberty. Ac. Allison, R. The Ps. of Dauid in Metre, &c., Lon.,"l599. Allison, T- Voyage from Archangel in Russia, in 1697, Ac, Lon., 1699. See Pinkerton's Voyages and Tra- vels, vol. i. Allix, Peter, 1641-1717. This eminent divine and profound scholar became so completely Anglicised, and reflected so much credit upon the land of his adoption, that we are willing to make an exception in his case, as we have done in some few others, and give him a place in our register. He was born at Alenfon in France, and stationed in the principal church of the Reformed at Charenton near Paris. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685, drove him to England, where he became the pastor of a French congregation in conformity with the Established Church. He was profoundly versed in Hebrew and classi- cal literature. His works are very numerous. Reflexions on the Books of the Holy Scripture, &c., Lon., 1688. ''These KeHections are not in the form of a continued commen- tary on the Bible; but take up what may be called the spirit of it, under distinct heads, chiefly with a view, as the title expresses it, to establish the divine orijpn of Christianity. They were pub- lished in French about the same time [UJS7] that they appeared in ICnjrlish. They were also translated into German, and published at Xurembert; in 1702." — Orme: Btbl. Bih. *' These Rettexions have always been held in great repute for the plainness and erudition with which they are written." — Bishop W.\TSON. The Judgment of the Ancient Jewish Church against the Unitarians, Lon., 1699. *' It affords much curioxis and interesting information on those passajxes of the Old Testament which have been supposed to con- tain the doctrine of the Trinity. He successfully shows, that if the ancient Jews were not strictly Trinitarians, they were firm believers of a plurality in the tiodhead." — Orme. " It is not remarkable for accurate statement or judicious rea- soning." — DR- 8mith, "A noble storehouse of arguments to confound the Jews by proving that Jesus Christ is the Messiah; andat the same time to put all'the Free-thinkers to silence."— Dr. Wotton. The Boi)k of Psalms, Ac., Lon., 1701. "Of no great value. It is too brief to be satisfactory, either to the critic or the lover of practical exposition."— Ousie. Diatriba de anno et Mense Natali Jesu Christi, etc., Lon., 1710. *' In this Latin tract, Allix endeavours to show that the Messiah was born not in winter, but in the spring." — Orme. Allman, >Vm. Math. Con. to Phil, and Irish Soc. Trans., 181 I. Ac. AUnut, A. C. Poverty, ami other Poems, Lon., ISOI. Allniit, G, S. Practice of Wills. 12mo. Allnut, Z. Treatises on Navigation, Lon., 1806-10. Allot, Robert, is believed to have been the compiler of a very curious and valuable volume of early poetry, which had a large share in the remarkable development of Bibliomania which characterized the first quarter of the present century. England's Parnassus ; or the choycest Flowers of our Modern Poets, with their Poeticall compa- risons. Descriptions of Bewties, Personages, Castles. Pal- laces, Mountaines. Groues. Seas. Springs, River?, Ac. Whereunto arc annexed other various discourses, both pleasant and profitable. Imprinted at London, for N. L., C. B., and T. IL, 1600. Of Allnt's history nothing is now known. We find a surmise in Brytl^es' Restituta, (vol. iii, 2;U,) thathe was the Robert Allot who was Fellow of 8t. John's College in 1599. With regard to the Parnassus, as it " has preserved portions of many scarce poets, whose very names, without .such care, might have probably sunk into oblivion, it must ever rank as a book both valuable and curious.'' Wood seems to have attributed this collection to Charles Fitz-Gefl'rey: " Ue hath also made, as 'tis said, A Collection of choice Flowers and Descriptions, as well out of his. as the worksof several others, the most renowned Poets of our Nation : collected about the l>e- 55 ALL ALS ElnmnEoftherfKnofK.JamesI; but this, tho' I have been many I " We have often pored over Allston's pages to a.lmire the graM ginning 111 1 111 .ij.^- ...» t . .l„* ..;„!.» „f it ••_ iH,.,, o^ym I and delicacy of his Eniilish poetical style. Thjs honk is equally The nice selection years .seeking-' after, yet I cannot get a sight of it." — Allien. Oxon. " Tt is vnhi.ible not only on account of its variety, but also on ; it^,*. ««,^.^ • "■,-,- - ir*i.„ v. *■ *!,,.„ accc^^M'itsint.i.icwoH^asaConipilationpret^ J^S'^^ JS^ I^^^^SS: t^ ^l^h =^M iT ^^S executed."— irart's Bib. Brit. A copy is priced in the Bib. Anglo-Poetica £20, and one was sold in the Roxburghe sale, (3171,) for £21. Having been reprinted by Mr. Park in the Hcliconia, " the reprints have pulled down the prices more than one peg." — Dildin. " Had the editor of this curious volume, besides citing the names of his authors, added the titles of the works from which be culled bis specimens, an infinity of trouble would have been saved to subsequent research; yet the deficiency has served, in a peculiar manner, to mark the successful progress of modern bibliograpby. fences, and the rhythmical cadence to which thought and expres- sion seem to move united, combine to make it one of the most finished works in American literature."— Vol. liv. 397. Mr. AUston was distinguished for his conversational powers and amiability of deportment, as well as for artistic genius and literary taste. " His tongue wrought on his associates and acquaintances like an enchanter's spell, preventing their taking any note of time; and the small hours would be close upon them before they had thought of retiring." See Ijcetures on Art, and Poems, by Wash- When Oldvs wrote his preface to Ilayward's British Muse, which jngton Allston, edited by K. H. Dana, Jr., New York, was tut published in 1738. he complains grievously of this omis- ! o^, -^ .ion. observinir that most of Allots poets -were now so obsolete , ^jj^^^^'j^ p_ Ljjerary Antiquities of Greece, Ac. sion, observing that most of Allofs poet! that not knowing what they wrote, we can have no recourse to their works, if still extant.' Since this sentence w.as written, such has been the industry of our literary antiquaries, that almost every poem which Allot laid under contribution in forming his volume, has been ascertained, and rendered accessible to the curious in- quirer; and so far from the writers being obsolete, after nearly eighty years have been added to their anti.iuity, we may venture to afflrm that, excepting about half a dozen, they are as familwr to us as the poets of the present reign."— i>raJ:e's Sliakspeare and. His Times. The contributors to England's Parnassus were the fol- lowin 23. Gervase Markham. 24. Christopher Marlowe. 25. John Marston. 26. Christopher Middleton. 27. Thomas Nash. 2S. Oxford, Earl of. 29. George Peele. 30. Matthew Hoydon. 31. S,i(k%ill.-. l.nrd Jiuckhurst. 32. ^\ illiaiii >liakspeare. 33. Kduiuud Spenser. 34. Thomas Storer. 35. Surrey. Earl ot 3t). Sir Philip Sidney. 37. ,lnshua Sylvester. 38. tborgc Tiibcrviile. 30. ^Villiam Warner. 40. Thomas Watson. 41. ,Tohn Weever. 42. William Weever. 43. Sir Thomas Wyatt. Thomas Achelly. 2. Thonuas Bastard. 3. George Chapman. 4. Thomas Churchyard. 5. Henry Constable. 6. Samuel Daniel. 7. John Davies. 8. Thomas Dekk.ar. 9. Mich.ael Drayton. 10. Edniuud Fairfax. 11. Charles Fitz-Geftrey, 12. Abraham Fraunce. 13. George Gascoigne. 14. Edward Gilpin. 15. Robert Greene. 16. Sir John Harrington. 17. John Higgins. IS. Thomas Hudson. 19. James, King of Scots. 20. Benjamin Jnnsou. 21. Thomas Kyd. 22. Thomas Lodge. " Robert Allot is a joint sonneteer with E. Gilpin before Mark- ham's • Devereux,' 1697. They were proKably friends, and though Gilpin's name occurs in no other book, he is not unfrequently quoted in England's Parnassus. This atTords some slight confir- mation that Allot was the compiler of it."— CuHter's nxl. Decameron. Oldys has taken to task the .judgment of the editor in his selection of .luthors and extracts; but Warton, a far higher authority, declares that, •■The method is judicious, the extracts copious, and made with a degree of taste." Allott, R. Sermon before H. of Commons. Fast-Day, 1806. , , Allston,'Washinston,l 779-1 .S43. This distinguished artist was the author of a number of poetical and prose compositions. He was born in Georgetown, South Caro- lina, and entered Harvard College in 1796. In 1813 he published in London, a volume entitled. The Sylphs of the Seasons and other Poems, which seems to have passed un- noticed in the multitude of works issuing from the London press. The principal portion of the contents of this vol- ume had been perused and much admired in MS. by Mr. AUston's friends in Boston. The volume is made up of quite a number of poems, the largest containing between eix and seven hundred lines. " Mr. AUston's versiticatiou is peculiarly easy, and seems thrown out with as little effort as it is read. With all bis ease, however, he is always musical, and we have only to object to a loose line here and there. . . . Our author's language is all good, but is not strictly the poetical language; and we should think that he had not been a wide and constant reader of the old English poets. . . . We would advise our readers to make themselves acquainted with it. They certainly will find it worthy their pride, in the general poverty of literature in our country." — Nortit American Kevienj, vol. v. 365. The Romance of Monaldi, which had been written twenty years before, .and intended as a contribution to Mr. Dana's Idle Man, was published in 1841, anonymously. Monaldi is a gnohiatc of the Othello school, infuriated by .jcalou.sy, and determined himself to become a murderer, because ho imagines his wife to ho unfaithful. The Rev, Dr. Griswold remarks with reference to Mr, AUston's style ; "All the specimens that I h.ave seen of his prose indicate a re- markable command of language, great descriptive powers, and rare philosophical as well as imaginative talent." The North American Review speaks in high t«rms of the literary character of Monaldi : 6ii Lon., 1794. 12 Lectures on the Prophecies, &e., Lon., 1815. Allyn. See Alan and Allen. Almou, Mr., and T. D.iwkes, Phil. Trans., Abr. is., 95, 1745. Almon, and Debrctt. Parliamentary Register, 1743-74, Lon., 11 vols. 2d Ed., with additions, Lon., 1792, 7 vols. Almou, John, 1738-1805, combined the three pro- fessions in London, of Bookseller, Author, and Editor. He pub. a number of political tracts of a violent character, some of which he is supposed to have written. Anecdotes of Lord Chatham, 1792, often reprinted. Biographical, Literary, and Political Anecdotes, 1797. "This work, though parfi.al. is interesting, as containing many curious particulars of the political characters and contests of the day." — Lowndes. Almond. Mistery of Godliness, Lon., 1671. Almond, K. English Horseman, Ac, Lon., 1673. Alsop, Ann. Letters to Rev. T. Edmonds, Lon., 1801. Alsop, Anthony, d. 1726, was elected from 'West- minster to Christ Church, where he became censor, M.A., 1696 B. D., 1706. Fabularum .Ssopicarum Delectus, Oxon., 1698. Antonii Alsopi MiWs Christi Olim Alumni Odarum libro duo, 1751. He made use of the Sapphic numbers in his familiar correspondence, in which " he showed a facility so uncommon and a style so natural and easy that bo lias not been unjustly e^steemcd inferior only to his master Horace."— A'ic;w(^-'.s Literary Anecdotes. Concerning the notable controversy on the Epistles ol Phalaris wc shall have more to say hereafter. See Bent- lev, Dn. ; Boyle, Charles, Earl of OnnERY, Ac. Alsop, Benj. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1675-90. Alsop, Geo. The Character of the Province of Mary- land. Lon., 16l'>6. A rare work. Serms., Ac, 1669-70. Alsop, John, 1776-1841. brother of Richard Alsop, and a poet of some taste. See specimens in Everest's Poets of Connecticut. Alsop, N. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1682-90. Alsop, Richard, 1701-1815, a native of Middleton, Connecticut, was a poet of some note. He was the prin- cipal of the " Hartford wits," including Theodore Dwight, Hopkins, Trumbull, Ac, who wrote the satire entitled The Echo, pub. in a vol. in 1807. He translated several pieces from the French and Italian, and wrote a Monody on the Death of Washington, which was received with great favour, and w that all the prophecies of Baniel terminated in the persecution of the Jews by Antiochus iF-piphanes. This work (which is noticed onlv to put the unwary reader on his guard against it) was i-eprinted in 179S, with some other tracts, tending to show that certain passages of Scripture, which clearly announce a future resurrection, relate to nothing more than a mere temporal deliverance. An exposure of some of this author's erroneous notions may be seen in the British Critic. 0. S.. vol. xiii. p. 29U-2%." '• It is sometimes ingenious, but not successful."'-ORME : BibLBib. Amory, Thos*, 1701-1774, an English Presbyterian minister of Arian sentiments, pub, a number of theolog. works, 1724-66. " lie was much conversant with ethics, natural and experimental philosophy, and the best ancients, especially their moral writings." —Bioij, Brit. Amory, Thos., 1691-1789, a humorous writer, pub- lished several curious works, Lon., 1755-56, He seems to have intended a portrait of himself in The Life and Opi- nions of John Buncle, Esq., 1756-66, 2 vols. " John Buncle is the English Rabelais. The soul of Francis Ra- belais passed into John Amory. the author of the Life and Adven- tures of John Buncle. Both wt-re ])hysicians, and enemies of too much gravity. Their great busiuL'SS was to enjoy life. Rabelais indulges his spirit of sensuality in wine, in diied neats' tongues, in Bologna sausages, in Uotorgas. John Buncle shows the same symptoms of inordinate satisfaction in bread and butter. While Rabelais roared with Friar John and the monks. Johu Buncle gos- siped with the ladies. &c. &c." — Hiulitt's Jtound Tahk., vol. i., p. 151. Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, 1755. " We are thankful for the opportunity we have met with of forming an acquaintance with an author who is. at the same time, a deep scholar and a good gentleman," — Ettrosp. Rev. vi. 100, which see. Amos. Panasophiae Prodromus, Lon,, 1639. Amos, Andrew, 1. Expediency of Admitting Tes- timony uf Parties to Suits, Lon., 8vo. 2. Gems of Latin Poetry, with translations, 1851 and '53, Svo. 3. Lectures on the Advantages of a Classical Education, 1846, 8vo. 4. Trial of Earl and Countess of Somerset for Poisoning, Svo, 5. Kuins of Time exemplified in Sir Matthew Hale's Hist of the Pleas of the Crown, 1856, Svo. See Lon, Athen., 14S9, May 10, 1S56. 6. In conjunction with J, 58 Ferard, Treatise on the Law of Fixtures, Lon., Svo; 2d Amer. ed., by Wm. Hogan, N. York, 1855, Svo, Amos, J. Letter to Ld. Mayor rel. to the Poor, Ac, 1809-13. Amos, Wm. Agricultural Works, Lon., 1794-1810. Amphlett, Wm., dram, antl ])uet. writer, Lon., 1796, Amsinck, P. Tunbridge Wells, &.c., Lon., 1810. Am» S« Pref. to a Memento Eng, Protestants, Lon., 1681. Amyand, C. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans.. Lon., 170S-46, Amyot, T., 1776-1850. Speeches of W. Windham, 1S12, Auaya, A. Essay on Spanish Literature, Lon., 1818. A Treatise on the Living Languages, Lon,, 1818. Anbury, Thos. Travels in America, Lon., 1789, AnceH, S. Bluckade and Siege of Gibraltar, pub. 1784, AiU'horuii, J. Gate of Tongues Unlocked, Lon., 1639, Aucram, (Robt. Kerr) Earl of, a favourite of King James I., and gentleman of the Bed-chamber to Prince Charles, was the author of "A short but very pretty copy of verses to Drummond of llaw- thornde'u." — II. W^lpole. " The beautiful and sweetly plaintive sonnet referred to by Lord Orford, and the interesting letter which accompanied it, must be considered as ornamental to this or to any publication." — Park'i Waljiole's It. d. N. Authors. Aucram, £arl of. Description of some Improvements in the Arms and Accoutrements of Light Cavalry, Trans. Ed. 11. Sue. X. 245., 1805, Andersou, Adam, 1692-1765, for forty years con- nected with the South Sea House, was author of the His- torical and Chronological Deduction of Trade and Com- merce. First ed. in 2 vols, fol., 1762; 2d ed. in 1764; 3d ed., 4 vols. 4toj 4th vol, by a new hand, 1787-9 j and 4 vols. 4to, 1801, *• We congratulate the public upon the appearance of so ample and valuable a treasure of real knowledge, collected with indefatiga- ble industry from almost innumerable authors." — Monthly Review. Auderson, i£neas. Narrative of British Embassy to China (Earl Macartney's) in 1792, '93, '94, Lou., 1795, " This narrative of Karl Macartney's Kmbassy is of little value in comparison with that of Sir G. L. Stauuton, Bart." — Lowndes. Andersou, Alex., a native of Aberdeen. Prof, in the University of Paris, Supplementum Apollonii Rcdi- vivi, Paris, 1612, 4to ; Supplcmento, Paris. 1615, 4to. Ad Angularium Sectiouum Analyticen Theoremata, Ac., Paris. 1615, 4to; Viudicite Archimedis, Paris, 1616, 4to. Exercitationum Mathematicarum, Dicas Prima, Paris, 1619, 4to. All these works are very scarce. Andersou, Alexander, M.D., d. 1S13. Account of a Bituminuus Lake or Plain in the Island of Trinidad ; Phil. Trans., 1789. The State of some of the most valu- able Plants in his Majesty's Botanic Garden in the Island of St. Vincent: Trans, of Soc. for the Encouragement of Arts and Manufactures, 1798, vol. svi. The bread-fruit tree of Otahcite is described in this paper, for which he received the silver medal. Other papers, on Cinnamon, Clove-Plant, ict. 5» AND The Philosophy of Anc. Greece investigated, Eilin., 1791. " This work is more respectable in point of matter. It is fuller than the work of Stanley on the same subjeot, and less extensive ind prolix thiin that of Brueker."— 0>nt. il.ig. Anderson, Wm., Chap. E. India Co. 4 Serms., ITOS. Anderson, Wm. Uaaiilton and Douglas Case, ed.li OS. Anderson, Wm. Stackinf; Corn, 1816. Anderson, Wm. See Med. Com. and Phil. Traus., 17f6-"S. . ., ,„.r Anderson, Wm. The Eusuian tmpire, Lon., Iblo. Anderson, Wm. See Trans. Hort. goc., 1817. Anderson, Wm. Lon. Commertial Diet., Lon., 18ib. Anderson, William, LL.Il.. h. 1800, at Kilsyth, Scotland, a popular preacher of Glasgow. Discourse on Regeneration, 12mo. Discourses on Various Suhjects, 12mo. Lectures on the Mass, Popery, Ac. Anderson, William. Landscape Lyrics, Lon., 18u9, 12mo. Gilt for all Seasons, lS4:i, 12mo. Author ol His- torical Memoirs of British newspapers in Fraser's Mag., 1838-39. , „ , r AT Anderson, W. J. 1. Causes and Treatment of Ner- vous Aflections, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. Treatment of Diseases of Pregnancy, p. 8vo. , ,. . j j Anderton, or Anderson, Jas., puhlished, under the name of John Brerely, in 1604, The Apology of Pro- testants for the Roman Religion. This was answered by Morton's Appeal, 1606. Anderton's 2d ed. and rejoinder appeared in 1608. Translated into Latin hy Reynos in ]61.'i. A Treatise on the Mass. Religion of St. Augustine, Latin, Cologne, 1620. Anderton, l^awrence, also a Lancashire man, a Jesuit Treati.se on the Origin of Catholics and Protest- ants, Rouen, 1632. The Triple Cord, St, Omer, 1634. Andever, Lord. Two Speeches, 1641. Andre, J. W. Brit, Eclogue for 1805 ; a Poem, 1805. Andre, Major John, a talented and amiable young British officer, well known for his unfortunate end, having been e.xecuted as a spy, Oct. 2, 1780, during the Revolu- tionary war of the U. States of N. America. He was the autlior of the Cow Chase, an heroic poem in three cantos, pub. in Lon. in 1781. "It wa,s ori'iuallv pub. in Rivinstoa's Eoyal Gazette. N. Tork, in the mornins of'the dav on which Andre was taken prisoner. The last stanza, intended to ridicule Gen. Wayne for his &Uure in an attempt to collect cattle for the army, is this: » And now I've closed my epic strain; I tremble as I show it. Lest this same warriorKlrover Wayne Should ever ailch the Poet !' "—Allfn's Biog. Diet. Andre, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1782-84. Andreas, B. Serm. on 6th Chapiter Song Sol., Lon., 158li. Andree, John, Surgeon and Teacher of Anatomy, London, pub. many profess, treatises, Lon., 1737-78. ^ Andree, R. J. Vocabulary in 6 Languages, Lon., 1^25. Andrescoe. Sermons, 1581. Andrew, Dr. Theolog. Treatise, Lon., 1735. Andrew, Jas. Astronomical Tables, Lon., 1810. Andrew, Jas., 1773-1833. Insti. of Grammar, 1817. Andrcwe, Thos. The Unmasking of a Feminine Machiavcll. Esc nobis valuisse satis, Lon., 1604. " A poetical tract of little value, containing a description of the battle at Newport."— Lowndes. Andrewes, B. See Andreas, B. Andrewes, Gerard, 1750-1825, Dean of Canterbury, refused the Bishopric of Chester— a clergyman of exem- plary piety. A Serm. pub. 1798. Do. pub. 1803;^ and Borne Lectures in the publication called "Onesimus." Andrewes, Geo. Dictionary of the Slang and Cant Languages, Lon. Andrewes, Thos. Serm. 1 Pet. ii. li ; Rom. xiv. Andrewes, Thos. Rates and Tables, Bristol, 1787. Andrews, D. Letter to Dr. Wakefield, Lon., 1794. Andrews, Eliza. The MSS. of Virtudo, 1801. The Beauties of Sturm's Reflections. ,_„»,„,„ v . Andrews, Ethan Allen, LL.D., 1787-1858, b. at New Britain, Ch—ot tho people as well as their kings — of tho customs of the fire- side, as well as the intrigues of the court — we acknowledge with gratitude the accomplishment of our wish in the Pictfirial History of England pub. by Charles Knight, one of the first literary hcnelactors of the age. This excellent work is arranged upon Henry's plan, with advantages which neither Henry nor any one man could have secured. We entirely concur with tlie intelligent eulogium of the Edinburgh Review, that it is tho " Very thing required by Ihe popular ta.ste of the present day, [by the"erudite judgment as well, we should have added:] adding to'the advantage of a clear historical narrative, all the varied illu* trations of which the subject is capable." AND ANG Andrews, John, called by Wood "A painful Preacher of Crod's Word," pub. a number of religions worlis, (Ana- tomies of Basenesse, &c.,) Lon., 1615-45. Andrews, John. Serm. on Peter iv. 11, 1744. Andrews, John, hydrographer, pub. an Atlas Sur- vey, Ac., 1797-lSOS. Andrews, John. Scripture Doctrine of Grace, in answer to Bishop Warburton, 1763. For some curious letters between Warburton and Andrews, see Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. 620. Sermons on the most important subjects, 1814. " Being a strict and serious man, and carrying his notions of grace pretty high in the above-noticed publication, he was called a Methfdixt. Archlip. Heclter had ever a good opinion of him, and afterwards preferred him in Kent. Though Bp. Warburton did not give him the living in Gloucestershire, yet he calls himself his patron." — Dr. LorCs MS. Andrews, John, LL.D., 1736-1809, a voluminous historical, political, and miscellaneous writer, pub. in Lon., 1773-1807. His History of the War with America, France, Spain, and Holland, 1755-1783, was chiefly compiled from the public prints, and the proceedings of the House of Commons. "In some circumstances we think the author has not been fully informed, but these are few. InipartiaUty seems to have been much attended to." — Lon. Monthlif Eei'kw. Andrews, John, D.D., 1746-181.3, Provost of thi Univer. of Pennsylvania, was an Episcopal clergyman, and a scholar of considerable attainments. He pub. Ele- ments of Logic, and a sermon. Andrews, Capt. Jos. Journey from B. Avrcs, Ac, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. " A clear and sensible work, containing much valuable informa- tion." — Lowndes. Andrews, Lancelot, 1555-1626, successively Bishop of Chichester, Ely, and Winchester, was a native of Lon- don. He was educated at IVIerchant-Tailor's School and Pembroke Hall, Camljridge. The Church of England con- tains no name more truly venerable than that of this good prelate. For polish and suavity of manners he was excelled by no gentleman of the court; in piety, by no anchorite of better times and purer days. In the discharge of all the duties of religion, he so walked as to be an illustrious exemplar to his flock and to the church of God. James I. had so high an opinion of his abilities, that he employed him to answer Bellarmine's Treatise against his own De- fence of the Right of Kings. He was also a favourite with Charles I. Casaubon, Cluverius, Vossius, Grotius, Peter du Moulin, Barclay, and Erpenius were among his correspondents. Lord Clarendon regrets that ho was not raised to the primacy on the death of Archbishop Bancroft. Thus respected in life, he was not less honoured at his death, by a Latin elegy from the author of Paradise Lost. He wrote a number of works, pub. 1589-1610, and some others were made public after his decease. His Manual of Devotion in Greek and Latin, was translated by Dean Stanhope, and has been frequently reprinted. He was one of the translators of the authorized version of the Holy Scriptures, for which duty ho was well qualified : "a scholar, and a ripe and good one," he had the credit of understand- ing fifteen languages. We are less surprised at the holy character of this good man, when we are informed that ho devoted several hours each day to private prayer. Thus he drew his strength from an unfailing fountain, and his wisdom from the " Father of Lights." " This is that Andrews, the ointment of whose name is sweeter than spices! This is that celebrated Bishop of Winton, whose learning King James admired .above all his chaplains 1"—Hacket. Fuller calls him a "peerless prelate," and tells us in his own style of quiet humour: " Ife was an inimitable preacher in his way : and such pla"-iaries who have stolen his sermons could never ste.al bis preaching, and could make nothing of that whereof he made all things as he de- sired. Pious and pleasant Bishop Felton (his contemporary and colleague) endeavoured in vain, in his sermons, to assimilate bis stylo ; and therefore said merrily of hunself, ' I had almost marred my own natural trot, by endeavouring to hnitate his artificial amble. " " His life was a life of prayer : a great part of five hours evcrv day did he spend in prayer and devotion to God."— Bisuop Bccke- KiDOE : Funeral Sermtm on Bp. Andreii's. ■■ He was so .skilled in all, that the world wanted learning to know how learned he was." — Fuller. " Indeed, he was the most apostoliial and primitive-like divine, in my opinion, that ever wore a rochet, in his age; of a most vene- rable gravity, and yet most sweet in all commerce; the most dfr vout that eier I saw when be appeared before God; of such a Krowth in all kinds of learning, that very able clerks were of low stature to him. ... In the pulpit, a Ilomer among preachers" —Be. IIacket: i./e of Williams. Bp. Andrews has the credit, or discredit, as tastes vary, &f being the father of the qiiainl school of composition, of which Donne is one of the most prominent specimens. His Posthumous and Orphan Lectures have been greatly admired. " A theological student will do well to make himself acquainted with his writings. There is frequently a force and vividness in his language, a picturesqueness in his way of exhibiting the subject, a point in his expressions, and a harmony in his periods, that we shall vainly seek in the more sober and popular divines of thn succeeding schools. His sermons contain a rich mine of wisdom and erudition." This M.anual is composed of sentences from the Sacred Scriptures, and extracts from the fathers. It was com- piled for his own use, (prseces privata:,) and was found after his death *' worn in pieces by his fingers, and wet with his tears." " When thou hast bought the book, enter into thy closet and shut the door, pray with Bishop Andrewes for one week, and he will be thy companion for the residue of thy years; he will be pleasant in thy life, and in thy death he will not forsake thee." — Stanhope. " It is a compact and ably-executed -selection; without the con- straint of a precise form, it presents a rich collection of materials for prayer; and whether as an enchiridvm of devotional aspira- tions, a guide to self-examination, or an aid to pious reflection, it will be found of great utility." The good bishop's motto was — " And who is sufficient for these things?" Andrews, Loring, d. 1805, was editor successively of The Herald of Freedom, Boston ; The Western Star, Stockbridge ; and in 1803 he established The Charleston Courier, a paper of considerable reputation, — Allen's Bior/. Diet. Andrews, M. VV. On Lunar Caustic, Lon. 1807. Andrews, Peter Miles, d. 1814, son of a London merchant, wrote a number of dramatic pieces. Perhaps the title of one will satisfy our readers, and cause them to excuse the rest of the catalogue : The Ilarou Kinkver- VANKOTSDORSPRAKENGOTCHDERN, 1781. After the perform- ance of the Baron, an extensive maxillary dislocation of the members of the dramatic corps need not excite sur- prise. The Biographia Dramatica gives Mr. Miles this cruel blow — "This gentleman is ... a dealer in gunpowder ; but his works, in their effect, by no means resemble so active a composition, be- ing utterly deficient in poiut of force and splendour." Andrews, R. Work against Transubstantiation, 1755. Andrews, or Androse, R. Trans, from Italian of last book of Alexis' Secret, Lon., 1578. Andrews, R. G.aol of Newgate Unmasked, Lon., 1809. Andrews, R. Virgil Englished, 1766, etc. Andrews, .S. Obedience to Divine Kule, 1786. Andrews, Stephen Pearl, b. 1812, in Mass. Com- parison of the Common Law with the Roman, French, or Spanish Civil Law on Entails and other limited property in Real Estate. Phonographic Class Books. Phonographic Reader. Phonographic Reporter, &c., pub. J. F. Trow.N. Y. Science of Society, N. Y., 12mo. Love, Marriage, and Di- vorce, N. Y'., 12mo. French, with or without a Master, N. Y., 12mo. Contributor to the London Times and other journals. Andrews, T. Vindication of Ch. of England, 1799. Andrews, Thos. Sermon on Matt. v. 20, 1717. Andrews, Thos. Inquiry reh to T. Eccleston's Re- ply, Lon., 1709. Serm. on Prov. iv. 10-14, 1712. On John i. 14, 1731. Andrews, W. E. Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs. Andrews, Wm. Serm. on John i. 46, 47, Lon., 1638. Andrews, Wm. Year Books, Ac. Lon., 1656-83. Andrews, Wm. .Iddre^s to the Public, 1774. Andros, JSdmund, d. 1714, Governor of New Eng- land and other States of America. A Narrative of his Proceedings in New England, in 1G91 ; republished 1773. Androse, R. See A.ndrews. Aneley, Samuel. See Annesley. Angas, (i. F. 1. Illustrations of New Zealand, 1847, fol. 2. Illustrations of South Australia, 1847, fol. 3. Il- lustrations of the KaflSrs; or. Port Natal, 1849, fol. 4. Rambles in Malta and Sicily, 1842, r. 8vo. 6. Savage Life ami Scenes in Australia; 2 vols., 2d ed., 1847, p. 8vo. 6. Views of the Australian Gold-Fields, 1852. r. 4to. Angel, or Angell, John, d. 1655, of Magdalen Hall, Oxf., after " taking the degrees in Arts and Holy Orders, became a frequent and painful preacher." — Wood's Athen. Oxon. He was a Nonconformist. The Right Government of the Thoughts, Lon., 1659. Four Sermons, 1659. " He shone as a burning light, until God translated him to shine above as a Star forever." — T. B. " As his name was Angell, so he was a man indeed of Angelical understanding and Holiness, a burning and shining Light."— Thos. Case. Angel, John. History of Ireland, Dub., 1781. Angell, John. An Essay on Prayer, Lon., 1761. 61 ANG ANN Stenography, or Short-Hand Improved. Lon., 1759. His system is described as '* complex and difficult." I>r. John- son wrote the preface to the work. Augell, Joseph K., 1794-1857, b. Providence, R. I., graduated at Brown Univ., 1813. Treatise on the Com- mon Law in Relation to Water-Courses, with an Appendix containing the principal adjudged cases and forms of de- claration ; 3d ed., Boston, 1840 ; 4th ed.. 1850 ; 5th cd., Svo. " The law in relation to water-courses is becoming daily of in- creasinf? importance, and Mr. Anpell. in his work, has commend- ably discussed the subject. Local le;xislation has altered, in many of the States, the common law ^el.^tive to water-courses, but this dnes not preclude the necessity in many cases of resorting to well- settled principles, in order to expound these legislative acts. \o intelli^c-ut lawyer can well practise without Mr. Angell's treatise on water-courses." — 3 A>«('s Oxm. 4o3. United States Law Intelligencer and Review, Providence, 182S-31, 3 vols. Treatise on the Rightof Property in Tide Waters, Boston, 1826; 2d ed., 1847. "The only regular treatise upon this branch of the law. besides the one under consideration, is Lord Hale's De jure Maris et Bra- chiorum ejusdem. Mr. Angell has furnished the profession, in the present publication, with a work that was much needed. He has collected the materials for his book with great industry, from a var riety of sources that are not generally accessible, and his work is a valualib- contribution to our jurisprudence." — Marviii's Legal Bibliography. Inquiry. &c., relative to an Incorporeal Hereditament, Boston, 1827. A Treatise on the Limitation of Actions at Law and Suits in Equity and Admiralty, Boston; 2d ed., 1846; 4th ed.,8vo, revised and enlarged by J. Wilder May. '■ It is now more full and complete than any other treatise upon this subject extant." — Marviifs Legal liihl. " Lord Brougham begs Mr. A. would kindly communicate to Mr. Antrell his very grateful sense of the favour done him by the valu- able present of Mr. A."s work. Lord B. has already consulted it, and found it to be by much the best treatise on this very important subject." — Lord Broug/iam^s yotc to Mr. Arnold. A Practical Summary of the Law of Assignments, Bos- ton, 1835. " It is a neat and valuable little manual of the law of voluntary assignments by insolvent debtors." — 2 Kent's Co;rt.,536 n; 13 Am. Jur. 234. Mr. Angell, in conjunction with Samuel Ames, has pub- lished a Treatise on the Law of Private Corporations Ag- gregate; 2d ed., Boston, 1843 ; 4th ed., 1858; 6th ed., Svo, " To these authors belongs the honour of first producing an Ame- rican treatise upon corporations, and whatever its defects may be in style, arrangement, or in profusion of citations from English or American reports, it is undoubtedly the best work upon corpora- tions that an American lawyer can possess. . . . Chancellor Kent highly commends the work." — Marvin's Legal Bihl. " It is a very learned, full, and finished treatise, and cannot be too highly praised." — Chancellor Kent. Treatise on the Law concerning the Liabilities and Rights of Common Carriers; 2d ed., Boston, 1845, Svo; pub. in Lon. in 1849, royal Svo. " It displays thorough research and learning, and cannot fail to he welcomed as a valuable accession to the legal literature of the age." A Treatise on the Law of Fire and Life Insurance; with an Appendix, containing Forms, Tables, &c., Svo. A Treat, on the Law of Highways, by Joseph K. Augell and Thomas Durfce, Esqrs., Svo. " We have here the last of Mr. Angell's useful labours for the profession of which he was a distinguished ornament. Being left incomplete, it was finished in a very satisfactory manner by Mr. Durfee. ''The work contains a thorough and accurate analysis of all the cases, English and American, upon the important subject on which it treats, and, in addition, a chapter upon canals, railways, ferries, and navigable rivers, which gives much valuable matter m a con- densed and perspicuous style. It presents, as is usual in all Mr. Angell's treatises, the very point decided iu each case." Augelo, Henry. 1. Reminiscences, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. 2. Instructions for Cavalry Sword-Exercises, 12mo. Angier, Lord. State of II. M. Revenue in Ireland, 1673. Angier, John. An Help to Better Hearts for Better Times, iu several Sermons, Lon., 1647. Angier, Saml. Polite Modern Divine. Lon., 1756, etc. Anglesey. The Case of Ann, Countess of Anglesey, lately deceased, lawful wife of Richard Anglesey, late Earl Anglesey, and of her three surviving daughters by the said Eai-1, Lon., 1766. Written by one of the daughters. *• This state of a very hard case indeed is drawn up by one of tlic three distressed daughters of a most unnatural father, and will not, we are persuaded, fail (if increasing (if it is pos- sible ti» increase) the public detestation of a character too well known to require our animadversion on it." — Lo7id(m Alanthly Review, 1766. For an Epitome of this curious pamithlet. see Gentle- man'.^ Magazine fur November. UfW'i, p. .oH". This Richard, Earl Anglesey, is the same nobleman who was defendant 62 in the celebrated suit brought by James Anncsley in 1744, to recover the Anncsley title and estate. Anglesey, Arthur, Earl of. See Annesley. Anglicns, tililbertus. See Gilbertus. Anglicus, Richard. See Richard. Anguish, Thos. Serms. puli. 1732-45-56. Angus, Joseph, D.B. 1. Bible Hand-Book, Lon., 1S54, 22mo. 2. Christ our Life. p. Svo. 3. Prize Essay on the Voluntary System, 1S39, p. Svo. 4. Bishop Butler's Ana- logy, &c., also Fifteen Sermons ; with a Life of the Author, a Copious Analysis, Notes, and Indexes, 1855, 12mo, pp. 651. In a letter to the author of this Dictionary, written just after the publication of this volume, Dr. T. Hartwell Home styles it the best edition of the Analogy which has appeared. Angus, W. Seats of the Nobility, Lon., 1787-1810. Angus, \Vm, Educational Works, Glasg., 1808-15. Aniey, Miss* 1. Earlswood. Lon., 1852, 12mo. 2 Influence , 4th ed., 1845, 12mo. 3. Miriam; 10th ed., 1845 12m(). 4. Prisoners of Australia, 1841, 12mo. Annand, Alex. Legal Government of India, Lon., 4to. Annand, Wm., 1G33-1689, educated at Univer. Coll., Oxf., was made Dean of Edinburgh, 1676. He was of "good repute for his ready and edifying way of preaching." He was the author of Fides Catholica, Lon., 1661-62. Panem Quotidianum ; in defence of set form, and of the Book of Common Prayer, 1661. Pater Noster, 1670. Mys- terium Pietatis, 1672. Dualitas, Edin., 1674, etc. " As his life was pious and devout, so was his sickness and death, to the great comfort of those then present with him." — Wood's Athen. Oxlillington, a Jamous auctioneer." We marvel that Dr. Dibdin omitted to place our Biblio- maniac in his list of " Collectors of Books in Great Bri- tain." See Bibliomania. Now this auction sale would he memorable were it only for the discovery of the "fa- mous memorandum," made by the earl on the blank leaf of a copy of Eikon Basilike; but we must not prolong this hydra-headed article by any further dissertations. How this curious memorandum was accidentally disco- vered, how it was purposely published, how a great contro- versy thence arose, how sundry controversialists were " set together by the ears," how men, usually amiable enough, in disputing about the Eikon' Basilike presented any thiug but the portraiture of unprejudiced judges in the premises — all these matters will be found in the Life of Bp. ifanden, in the present volume. For a detailed account of the whole controversy, the reader is referred to the Biog. Bri- tanniea, article Gandcv. Annesley, or Anslay. Trans. The Boke of the Cyte of Ladyes, Lon.. \l>2^. Annesley, Sir James. 1. Researches into the Causes of Diseases nf India. Lon.. 2 vols. imp. 4to, £H 14s. 2d.-y 2d ed.. 1S41, 12s.; 3d ed., 1855, 8vo. 2. Sketches of Diseases Prevalent in India, 8vo. Annesley, Sir Francis. Copy of Sentence of War, Ac., with his Petition against Earl of Stafford, Lon., 1641. Annesley, or Aneley, Sainl., LL.D., 1620 ?-1696. a very eminent Nonconformist minister, pub. sermons, Lon., 1655-92, and wrote a supplement to the Morning Exercise at Cripplegate. " He with much ado (being naturally dull, yet Industrious) got t» be Racb. of Arts, notwithstandinost. Annet's Works, 17.^9, contains also the tract Social Bliss considered, (or all things in community,) which is the germ of Owcnism and Socialism. Anselm, 10;^'^-1109, like his predecessor Lanfranc, was a native of Italy. He was horn at Aosta, in Pied- mont, at the foot of the Graian Alps, about the year 1033. In his childhood he had imbibed religious sentiments from the teaching and e.^ample of his mother, and exhibited an early taste for learning. His father discouraged the child in his pursuits, and when, at the age of fifteen, Angelm ventured to declare his wish to embrace a monastic life, the anger of the parent was so strongly expressed, that the youth determined to quit his home and country, and throw himself upon the wide world. Of the next three years of Anselm's life, we only know that they were spent, perhaps fruitlessly, partly in Burgundy aud partly in France. It does not appear how he was occupied during this period, but in the course of his wanderings he arrived at Avranches, and there he first heard of the fame of his countryman Lanfranc and the school of Bee. The eagerness after learning which had distinguished Anselm in his childhood now returned, and he hastened to Bee to place himself un- der Lanfranc's tuition. He devoted himself to his studies with wonderful perseverance, scarcely quitting his books by night or by day, and often forgetting his meals. When Lanfranc at length made him a partner in his labours, and intrusted to him the instruction of others, Anselm showed little taste for his occupation ; he preferred solitude and meditation to an active life, and after much doubting as to where and how he should take the hal.iit, and after con- sulting with Lanfranc and with Manrilius. Archbishop of Rouen, he became a monk in the abbey of Bee, in the twenty-seventh year of his age, (a. d. 1060.) Still he was not allowed to remain inactive; for, when Lanfranc was made Abbot of Caen, (not, as commonly supposed, in 106;j, but in 1066,) Anselm was chosen tu succeed him as Prior of Bee. an office which he held till Abbot Herluin's death in 107S. when he was further raised to be his successor. As monk and prior, he was distinguished so much by his piety and virtues, that his brethren believed him to be possessed of the power of working miracles. The abbey of Bee had possessions in England, and soon after his election Abbot Anselm found it necessary to visit them. This was a favourable opportunity of consulting with his ancient friend Lanfranc, by whom he was received at Canterbury with the greatest marks of distinction and esteem. He spent a short time in the society of the monks of Canterbury, and gave his advice iu the question then agitated relating to the sanctity of the Saxon Archbishop .^Ifege. In other parts of England, Anselm was received with the same marks of respect as at Canterbury. In loss, Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, died, and in 1093, Anselm, much against his will, obeyed the commamls of William Rufus, by accepting the vacant see. He died of a lingering illness, attended by a distaste for all kiuds of nourishment, on the 21st of April, 1109, in the seventy- sixth year of his age. after having held the see of Canter- bury sixteen years. He was buried in his cathedral, at the head of his friend and predecessor, Lanfranc. By his rare genius he did much towards bringing metaphysics into repute. He laid the foundation of a new school of theology, which was free from the servile cha- racter of the older writers, who did little more than collect together a heap of authorities on the subjects which they treated. The Monologinm and the Proslogium are admir- able specimens of abstract reasoning. His reading was extensive, and his style is clear and vigorous. His pub- lished writings are, 1. The Monologion, a metaphysical treatise, in which Anselm attempts to establish, by ab- stract reasoning, the existence of God, his attributes, &>c. He submitted this work to the judgment of Lanfranc, be- fore he ventured to publish it. 2. The Proslogion, in which he undertakes to prove the existence of God by one single, continued argument. 3. The answer to Ganuilo, a monk of Marmoutier, who had criticised the Proslogion, aud espoused the cause of the incipi'ens (whom Anselm had introduced as his imaginary opponent) against Anselm's arguments. In this tract he enlarges and explains some of his arguments which had been misunderstood. 4. Uu the Trinity and the Incarnation, a controversial treati.'-e against the celebrated philosopher Roscelin. 5. On the Procession of the Holy Ghost, another controversial trea- tise, iu which he collected the arguments he had employed in the Council of Bari against the Greeks, who denied that the Holy Ghost proceeded from the Son. Anselm is said to have written this b(Tok between 1100 and 1103, at the request of Hildebert, Bishop of Mans. 6. Dialogue in twenty-eight chapters, De casu Diaboli. treating chiefly on the subject of the origin of evil. 7. A treatise entitled Cur Dens Homo ? in two books, written in the form of a dialogue between the author and Boso, Abbot of Bee, for the purpose of showing the necessity of the Christian scheme of redemption, and proving the resurrection of the body. It was begun in England, and finished in Italy. S. A treatise in twenty-nine chapters on the Conceplinu of the Virgin, and on Original Sin, composed at Lyons, 6^ ANS ANS and addrossod to the same Abbot Buso who appears in the Cur Deus Homo ? 9. A dialogue De Veritate between a Master and his Disciple. 10. A treatise De Voluntate, first publi^shed by Uerberon, who found it without the name of the author, but with strong internal proofs that it was the work of Anselm. 11. A dialogue De Libero Arbitrio. 12. The treatise Do Concordia praescientiai et praedestinationis et gratise Dei cum libero arbitrio. This was Anselm's last, and perhaps his most profound work, in which he undertakes to prove, first, that prescience is not repugnant to free-will ; secondly, that predestination does not exclude free-will; and, thirdly, that grace does not exclude free-will. 13. A short tract De Fermento et Azymo. 14 and 15. Two brief treatises on Priests who keep Concubines, and on Marriage between certain degrees of affinity, questions then agitated in England. IG. A dialogue on Dialectics, entitled De Grammatico. 17. A very short treatise De Voluntate Dei. 18. Sixteen homilies. 19. A treatise on the Contempt of Temporal Things. 20. Another short tract in question and answer, entitled, Admonitio morienti. 21. Twenty-one Meditations, of some of which the authenticity is doubtful. 22. A collec- tion of seventy-four prayers. 23. Hymns, and a Pt^alter of the Virgin, which are probably erroneously attributed to Anselm. 24. A large collection of miscellaneous letters, many of which afford valuable materials for the history of the time. 25. His Constitutions. lu addition to these, the writers of the Uistoire Litteraire de France enumerate no less than thirty-six treatises which have been wrongly attributed to Anselm. Among these we may place the poem De Contemptu Mundi, which was the work of Alex- ander Neekham. Some additions might still be made from manuscripts to his authentic works, particularly to the Homilies, Meditations, and Letters; and perhaps some of Anselm's writings are entirely lost, such as the poem on the death of Lanfrauc, mentioned by Ordericus Vitalis. Ediimis. Opera et tractatus beati Anselmi iirchiepiscopi Cantuarien. ordi- nis sancti Benedict!. At the end. Opera sancti Ansebui que is scripsit hoc libro quam salutari sidere clauduutur. Anno xp"i. M. cccc.lxxxxj. die vero vicesima septima martii Nurenberge. per Caspar Ilochfeder: opifecem mira arte ar dili'j;t'ntia impressa. fol. This volume contains the Duo Ijl>ii cm I'-nis hnmo; liber unus de incarnatione verbi ; De concept u vir;rinalit't jt^Miiito orijiinali; De- claratio cujusdam de eodem; Prosloij^ou; Mout.iln^^irju; De proces- sione spiritus sancti contra Grajoos; Dyalo;;us de casu Dyitboli; Pro insipiente; coutra iusipientem; De diversitnte sacramL-nto- rum; De fermento et azimo; Expositiones membrorum et ai-tuum Dei et vestimentorum ; De voluntate; Deconcnrdin pnvsii.'nti:!- et praedestinationis et grati?e Dei cum libero arbitiiu: Id- lihcin ;n lii- trio; De veritate; De siniUitudinibus: De meiismatii'De nin-is: Meditationes magna? Anselmi; Meditatio ejusdem de ledeuiptioue generis humani; De passione Domini: Speculum evangeliii ser- monis; llomelia, Intravit Jesus in quoddam cast+'llum; Epistola^ Sancti Anselmi: De imagine mundi. This edition was reprinted in 1494. — Sermones tres de passione Christi. .\rt;entie. M, cere, xcvj. 4to. At the end. sig. & 4, is added. Anselmi devotissinii de passione Jesu Christi queretis d<' irlnri<>sis-.ime b't'e Marie V^nis respondent! dyalogus incipit filiiitcr, — i)]>uscula beati Anselmi archiepiscopi Cantuariensis ordinis s;inrti benedicti. fol. without name of place or date. It contains two tracts not in the edition of 1491, De miseria hominis. and De exoellentia Virtrinis Maria?. It also contains an index. There was another edition of the Opus- cula without date. — Omnia divi Anselmi Cantuariensis ar(4iiepis- copi th"olnijnrum omnium sui temporis facile prinoipis Opuscnia, Antonii Democharis Hessona>i industria nunc primum restituta. Parlsiis. 1544, fol. This contains, iu addition to the previous edi- tions, the tracts De similitudiuibus, and De voluntate Dei. Re- printed in 1549. — D. Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi, theolo- gorum nmnium svii temporis facile principis. neminiqueeorum qui post fiiiii fiiiTuiit vel sanctitate, vel eruditione. vel eloquentia se- cundi. IiKiilentissima? in omnes sanctissinii Pauli apostoli epistolas etali |Uot livan.i:eli;» enarratinnes. Has (^narrationes alii D. Ileroa^o as^ribunt., Parisiis. 1544. f il, — ftprra Yentt. 1549. This edition ap- pi^.ars to have been r-'printed at thi^ sjuni' place in 1568. — Anselmi Klucidarium, Paris. 15r.O. — '"Ipera Colr^n. 15tiO, fob, and a^rain. Co- lon. 1573, fol. — B. Anselmi Vita et Opera iv. tomis. ubi ejus Epis- toliB adjectje sunt et notis illustratro, per Job. Piccarduni. Col. Agr. 1612. More complete than any of the preredinir editions. — B. Anselmi Opera extraneis in Sacros T>ibni^ (''.niiiinitariis exone- rata, recensuit et edidit Theoph. Rayiiaudus. l,iiL'i\, li'.:io, 3 vols, fol. — S, Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi de Keliritate Sancto- rum dissertiitio, Exscriptore Eadinnn An>j:lo canonico re;;ulari. Editore Joanne Bapt. de JIailruilt. i'arisino, Soc. Jesu. Parisiis, lt»;iO. Svo. — The dialoirue De Jibi-rn arbitrio. was published in the third volume of thi- Opns'MiIa of St. Auiiustino, 4to. Lovan. 1*>48. — Divi Aurolii Au.nistiTii Ilippon. episcopi Meditationes, Soliloquia, et Manuale. Mrditatinnes B. Anselmi. cum tratatu de humani generis redemptione, &c. Colonise Agrippina"^, 11549, IGmo. — D'Ache- rii Spicilea;ium, 4to, 1653-1677. torn. iii. p. 24, Second Edit. Paris, 1723. fol. vol. i. pp. 443-449. Sancti Anselmi Cantuariensis archie- piscopi tractatus asceticus, 4to. torn. iii. p. 121, tom.ix. pp. 116-123. Second od, torn. iii. p. 43.3-4:!ri. Some letters of Anselm. — Csher, Veterum Epistolarum Hibernioarum Syllo:;e.. 4to. Dublin., 1633, pp. 88-99. Six letters of Anselm. — Sancti Anselmi ex Beccensi ab- bate Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi Opera . . . laboro ac studio D. QabriellsGerberonmonachicongregatijnis S, Mauri ad MSS. fidem ' 6i expnr^ata et aucta. Secunda editio, correcta et aucfa. Lutetia Parissiorum, 1721, fol. The tirst edition was published at Paris in 1675. A third was printed at Venice, 1744, in 2 vols, folio. — The works of S. Anselm, more or less complete, will also be found in djllerent collections printed under the title ol Bibliotheca Patrum. TruHshi turns. A French translation of the Meditations of Anselm was pub- lished in 1571. iind reprinted in 158S, 1602, and 1642, — Another French translation of the Meditations, by Cerizius, appeared in 1650. A German transhition of the Meditations had been printed at Lunenberg in 163S. — The Mount of Ulives; or, Solitary Devo- tions. By Henry Vaugban. Silurist. With an excellent discourse of the blessed state of Man iu Glory, written by the most reverend and Luly f:ithi.T Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, and now done into English, London, 1662, 12mo. — A third F'renoh translation of the Meditations was published anonymously in 1700. — Pious Breathings. Being the Meditations of St. Augustine, his Treatise of the Love of God, Soliloquies, and Manual, to which are added Select Contemplations from St. Anselm and St. Bernard. Made English by George Stanhope, D.D., chaplain in ordinary to bis Majesty, Loudon, 1701, 8vo. — A translation into Fi'ench of the treatise Ciir Deus liomnt has been recently published in Paris. — Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. LU. Anson^ George, Lord, 169i'-1762. Voyage round the World iu 174U-2-3-4; compiled from his papers, and published under his direction ; with Charts of the Southern part of South America, of part of the Pacific Ocean, and of the Track of the " Centurion" round the World, by Richard Walter, A.M., Lon., 1748. Most of this work waa composed by Peter Robbins. " Anson's Voyage will contribute more to call forth genius, and open the blossoms of the mind, than a dull didactic treatise of the most sagacious philosopher." — Knox's Essays. " A voyage which is still about the most delightful of any with which we are acquainted.'" — Edinburgh Hcview, April, 1839, In 1752 was pub. a Supplement to Lord Anson's Voyage round the World, containing a Discovery and Description of the Island of Frivola. By the Abbe Coyer. To which is prefixed an introductory Preface by the translator. This is a satirical romance, in which the French nation (Fri- vola) is most severely ridiculed. " The modern French are represented as a race of trifJers, wit- lings, and fops, whose effeminate manners, and slavish notions of government, are contrasted with the supposed manlier conduct of the English. As our judgment may be thought biassed on the present occasion, we shall say the less of this entertaining pei^ formance of the Abb6"e." — Lim. Mtmihly Jfeview. '' Anson w.as the veriest Bull Di>g of all circumnavigators, lov- ing nothing better than tough contests, by sea and by land; a Spanish Galleon, or a hostile town, was eqmilly an object of attack, and he returned from his three yeais and nine months' absence laden with more spoil and wealth than it had fallen to the lot of any individual t" bring borne." — DiUDix. See Life of Lord Anson, by Sir J. Barrow, Lon., Svo. Anspach, Elizabeth, Margravine of, 1750-1828, the youngest daughter of Augustus, fourth Earl of Berke- ley, pub. a number of works, 1778-1S2G. The principal are, 1. Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople. Lon., 1789. 2. Letters from Lady Craven to the Mar- grave of Anspach, during her Travels through France. Germany, Russia, itc., in 1785-87, Lon., 1814. 3. Me- moirs of the Margravine of Anspach, written by herself, Lon., 1826. "These delightful volumes remind us of the best French me- moirs, a species of literature in which we are wofnlly deficient." — Lon. N. Montldy Magazine. '■ The Margravine of Anspach claims attention rather from cir- cumstances than talent. She was a light and vivacious woman. of a school which is rapidly going by, and which it is of the least possible consequence to renovate." Anspach, Rev, F. R., b. 1817, Penn. Systematic Benevolence, 1853. Sepulchres of our Departed, 12mo. 1854. " A tine tone pervades the volume, and it abounds in just sen- timents ornately expressed.'' — Presbyterian. Anspach, Rev. L. A., a magistrate of Newfound- land. A Sermon in French, 1793. Summary of the Laws of Commerce nnd Navigation, adapted tu the present State, Government, and Trade, of the Island of New- foundland, Lon., 1809. " The law on these several matters is here laid down with great precision, and expounded with clearness." — Lon. M'nithly Rn-i'ir. Ansted, David Thomas, b. 1812, L5 Anstruther, Alev. Reports of Cases in the Court of t.xchequer from E. T. 32 George HI. to T. T. 37 Geo IIL, Lon., 1796-97, 3 vols. 2d ed., Lon , 1817 ••Anstruther-s lieports are carefully and acurately compiled S^-.I'b.W "•■'•'■" ■" ™°^W"'-''1» Bood authority .■•-.i/„S Aiistrnther, Sir John. On Drill Ilusb., Lon 1796 '■ He must have pnssessed a very ample and correct nracticil knowledge of agriculture."— Donatt.son -. Anricull Ding ''"'"■" Anstruther, Sir W. Essays, Moral and Divine Edin., 1701. Antes, J. Obs. on M. and C. of the Egyptians, Lon., Anthon, Chas., LL.D., was born in the city of New York in 1797. In 1820 he was appointed adjunct Profes- sor of Languages in Columbia College. New York, and in 1835 he was advanced to the station filled for many years by Professor Moore, and vacated by his resignation.' He received the degree of LL.D. from his Alma Mater in 1831. Mr. Anthon's publications have been numerous. His edi- tion of Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, was very favour- ably received, and immediately republished in England. In 1830 appeared his larger edition of Horace, with various 5 APL readings, and a copious commentary ; a smaller edition was published in 1833. In 1835, in connection with the publishing house of the Messrs. Harper, Professor Anthon projected a classical series, which should comprise as well the te.^it-books used in academies and schools preparatory to college, as those usually read in colleges and universi- ties. This series includes some of the most important Greek and Latin authors. Dr. A. has pub. larger works on Ancient Geography, Greek and Roman Antiquities, Mythology, Literature, ,tc., in all about 50 vols. Dr. Anthon's Classical Series has proved one of the most sui-cessful enterprises of the kind in America. Anthon, Charles E. Pilgrimage to Treves in 1844. N. \'icf. Antrobus, Benj. Buds and Blossoms of Piety, with some Fruit of the Spirit of Love, Lon., 1691. Antrobus, J. 1. Clifton; a Poem, Lon., 12mo. 2. Parental Wisdom, 8vo. 3. Pilgrim's Dream, and other Poems, 12mo. 4. Student's Manual, 1840, p. 8vo. 5. Wrimgs of Poland ; a Poem, 8vo. Antrobus, R. Brevia Selecta; or, Choice Writs, col- lected (Mit of the writings of R. Antrobus and T. Impy, Lon.. 1663. Antrobus, Thos., Surgeon, Liverpool. An Ampu- tation <»f a Leg, without any subsequent Haemorrhage, Med. Ob.s. and Inq. ii. p. 152. 1762. Anvers, Alicia D'. See D'Anvers. Anvers, Caleb D'. See D'Anvers. Anvers, Henry D'. See D'Anvers. Anvers, Ji. I)'. See D'A.nvers. Anwick. Med. upon God's Monarchic, Lon., 1587. Anyan, T. Sermons Acts x. 34, 35. Ps. i. 3, Lon., 1612. Apletrc, J. Proposals rel. to Raw Silk, Lon. 1719. 65 APP ARC Appelius, J. Death of Kar! of Hanaw, Lon., 1611;. Apperley. Essays and Reflections. Lon.. 1793. Apperley, Charles James, 1777-1848. a popular wriUr on s|M>rtinf;-suhjccts. 1. The Chase, Tnrf, and Road, 12mo, pul>. in Quar. Rev., 1S27. 2. Hunting Rerainiscences, 8vo. 3. Hunting Tours, 8vo. 4. Life of a Sportsman, 8vo. 5. Nimrod Ahroad, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 6. Northern Tour. 7. Remarks on the Choice of Horses, Svo. S. Sporting Annual, imp. 4to. 9. Treatise on the Horse and Hound, p. Svo. Jlost of the above works wore written for periodi- cals under the tiotn deplume of '•Nimrod." Apperley, T. Observations on Physic, Lon., 1731. Apple^arth, H. The Common Law Epitomized. Lon.. lOeO. Applegarth, Robt., formerly a Quaker, became a member of the Church of England, and wrote Apology for the Two Ordinances of Jesus Christ, by the Holy Com- munion and Baptism, recommended to the Quakers, Lon., 17S9. Mr. Applegarth pub. some other works on Theology and Political Economy, 1776-92. Appleton, Mrs. Eliz. 1. Private Education, 1815. "Many in;tiliiivt,i,-i;tM(. ability :iiiil ui i-iiiality. aud abound with clear and BQti.sl-K'tdry vi.-ws of (bi> irn-at ilnrt ring's nf Christianity." — OltME. '• A iiiHst r\i'L-lli-iit and biL'bly'i'stfrim-ii work." — Lowndes. ArbucJvIe, Jas., 1700-1734. 1. Hibernieus's Letters, pub. in the Dublin Journal, Lon., 1729, 2 vols. 2. Poems. Arbuthnot, Rev. Alexander, 1538-1582, was Prin- cipal (d' the Ihiivorsity of AI>erdeen. Ho edited Bucha- nan's Hi.^tory of Scotiaml, imb. 1582. His only produc- tion is his Orationes do Origine et Dignitato Juris., Edin., 1572. He was very serviceable to the Church of Scotland. James VI. was much displeased at his editing Buchanan's History. See Delit. Poet. Scot, for Latin verses by Thomas Mailland, aud an epitaph by Andrew Melvil, both in ho- nour of our author. Arbnlhuot, Arch. Life, Ac, of Lord Lovat. Lon., 1746. Life, (tc, of Miss Jenny Cameron, Lon., 1746. Arbuthnot, John, M.D., 1675-1734-5, was a native of Arbuthnot, near Montrose. He studied at the College of Aberdeen, where he took his degree of M.D, Upon his removal to London, his uncommon powers of wit and ripe scholarship introduced him to the society of the principal literary characters of the day, with whom he was a great favourite. For some time he supported himself by teaching mathematics. In 1697, Dr. Woodward pub. an Essay to- wards a natural history of the Earth, in which he threw out some singular views respecting the Deluge. Arbuthnot at- 66 tacked this Essay with great success iu an E.xamination of Dr. W.'s Account, Ac. which at once established his fame. In 1700, he pub. a treatise On the Usefulness of Mathemati- cal Learning, which increased his reputation. An interest- ing paper Ou the Regularity of the Births of both Sexes, (a moEt conclusive proof of a superintending Providence,) procured bis election in 1704 into the Royal Society. In 1712 appeared the first part of The History of John Bull, intended to ridicule Marlborough, and dissatisfy the nation with the war. There *' never was a piditical allegory ma- naged with more exquisite humour, or with a more skilful adaptation of characters and circumstances." Swift, in his Journal to Stella, and Pope, in Spence's Anecdotes, both attribute this work to Arbuthnot, and certainly their testimony should settle the question. Arbuthnot published a number of other works, the most celebrated of which was Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights, aud Measures; 2d ed.,1727. " Although there are several inaccuracies in it, which could hardly be avoided iu so intricate a subject, it is a work of great merit, and has ever since been considered as the standard author- ity." — Encyc. Britannica. .The ''Miscellaneous Works of Dr. Arbuthnot," pub. in 2 vols, in 1751, were publicly denied by his son to be his father's productions. '■ Positive as is this assurance, and thoufrh some few may be spurious, the style and character of many fully prove them to be geuuine." — Jfuse's BiiH/. Diet. The celebrated Scriblerus Club was formed in 1714. Arbuthnot and his intimate friends, Pope, Gray, and Swift, together with Ilarley, Atterbury, and Congreve, were mem- bers of this brilliant circle. The object of these wits was to "ridicule all the false tastes in learning, under the cha- racter of a man of capacity enough, that had dipped into every art and scieuce, but injudiciously in each." — Pope. The club was not of long continuance, but we have as its fruits, The First Book of Martinus Scriblerus. The Travels of Gulliver, and The Art of Sinking iu Poetry. "There seems to be every reason to believe, that of the three pieces. Arbuthnot was the sole author of the first, Swift of the second, and Pope of the last." — /^e/ros^j. Jievimv. Dr. Johnson has asserted that no one was ever wiser, better, or merrier for reading the Memoirs of Scriblerus. Dui-ing the last illness of Queen Anne, in 1714, Doctors Arbuthnot and Mead attended her majesty : to this Gay alludes in the Prologue to the Shepherd's Week: "This leach Arbuthnot was yclept, Who many a night not ouce had slept. But watched our i^racious sovereign still; For who could rest while she was ill?" Swift replied to a lady who desired to know his opinion concerning Arbuthnot, " He has more wit than we all have, aud his humanity is equal to his wit.'* In one of his poems, he laments that he is " Far from his kind Arbuthnot's aid. Who knows his art, but not his trade." Dr. Johnson, when talking of the eminent writers in Queen Anne's reign, observed : "I think Dr. ArVmthnot the first man amon^ them. He was the most universid [genius, biring an excellent physician, a man of deep learning, and a man of much humour." Pope declared that he was fitter to live or die than any man he knew : •■ His good morals were equ.al to any man's, but his irit and humour superior to all mankind." " Oh if the w orld had but a dozen Arbuthnots in it, I would burn my travels! but. however, he is not without fault. There is a passage in ISede highly commending the ]>itty and learning of the lri.sh in that age, where, after abundance of praises, he overthrows them all, by lamenting that, alas ! they kept l^aster at a wi-ong time of the year. So our doctor has every quality and virtue that can make a man amiable and nsefid, but, alas! he hath a sort of slouch in his walk."— De.vn Swift. This slouch in the doctor's walk is noticed in a letter from pope to Mr. Digby, in which, after recommending Arbuthnot to Mrs. Mary Digby, he say,s : " lint, indeed, I fear she would not walk with him. for, as Dean Swift observed to nie the very first time I saw the doctor, * He is a man that can do every thing but walk.' " " Although he was justly celebrated for wit and learning, there was an excellence in his character more amiable than all his other (jualifications: 1 mean the goodness of his heart. . . . lie is seldom serious, except in his attacks upon vice, and there his spirit rises with a manly strength and noble indignation." — Lord Orrery. Archard, Essay on the French Nobility, 1798. ArchboUI, J. F*,, an eminent writer on Law. 1. The Practice of the Court of King's Bench, in personal Ac- tions and Ejectments, Sth cd., by Thomas Chitty. Includ- ing the Practice of the Courts of Common Pleas and Ex- chequer, 2 vols. 12ino, Lon., 1840, '45, '17; 9th edit., adapted to the Ct>nimon Law Procedure Act, 1852, entitled j Proc. Ctmrts Queen's Bench. 2 vols. Svo, 1855 j 2d Ame- i rican ed., 2 vols. Svo, New York, 1838. ARC "This is the leading work on practifp in Enjrland. In the United States. Tidd's Practice is pmliaMy in iricre trencral use than any other Enjilish book upon the conmion law practice, and ' has been universally allowed to be a mod.-I of completeness and accuracy.' The reputation of Mr. Archbold's treatise, is niaiuiy attributable to its excelltnt arrangement and perspicuous style. It li,id Ila^.sl■d tlitnu;£h two editions, when Mr. T. Chit ty tirst edited the I -link, intn which he has incorporated the changes made in (he En'ilish piamo Lon 1S42; KUb ed., 1S44; lUb ed.. by J<,hn Fhither' 1858! 12mo. 3. A Summary of the Law relative to Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cases, with the statutes, pre- cedents of indictmonts. Ac. and the evidence necessary to support them; 9th cd., by Sir J. Jervis, Knt., 12mo, Lon , 1S4.3; 11th ed., by W. N. Welsby, 1S49 ; 18th ed., by Welsby^ Lon., 1S56; 4th American ed., 8vo, New York, 1843: 5th. from inth Lon. cd., 1840. '' Trifling as it may seem, it has cost me much time and great Irtbour. I have taken infinite pains to simplify my subject; to reject every tliinu' n-rhiii.laiit or irrelevant : to compress the whole into thesm.illi'st pnssibb- nmipass consistent with perspicuity; and to clothe it iu hmgiiaj^Lt plain, simple, and unadorned.'' "This treatise is a standaid work of great i>ractical utility in England and America."— ifo/x-m's Lf.gal Bihl. 4. A Digest of the Law relative to Pleadings and Evidence in Civil Actions; 2d ed., 12mo. Lon., 1837 ; 2d Amer. ed., from the 2d Lon. ed., N. York, 183S. 5. The New Practice of Attorneys iu the Courts of Law at Westminster; with forms, including tlie recent statute as tu attorneys; also an appendi.K, comprising questions of practice, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1844; 3d ed., 1846, 1847. " The author, feeling himself aggrieved at the liberties taken by Mr. Chitty, as editor of his treatise upon The Practice of the Court of Queen's Bench, appears to have pn^pared this book of Practice as a rival work to that altered by T. Chitty, 2 Jurist, 571." — Mar- vin's Li'gal Bihl. 6. Peel's Acts, and all other Criminal Statutes, passed from 1 G. IV. to the present time, including the criminal clauses of the Keform Act, with the forms of indictments, Ac., and the evidence necessary to support them; 3d ed., 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1835. " Peel's Acts, and the Statutes subsequently enacted upon the subject of the Pleas of the Crown, now form nearly an entire body of Crown Law; all the great olfences (with the exception of High Treason) and many of the minor offences have been made the sub- ject of their provisions. The present edition contaius the whole of the Criminal St^itutes passed since the 60th George III; and each section, defining an offence, is followed by the form of the indictment, &c., and the evidence necessary to support it." — Mar- vm^s Legal Bibl. 7. Collection of Forms and Entries in the Courts of K. B. and C. P.; 2d ed., 12mo, Lou., 1828. 8. The Jurisdic- tion and Practice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, with forms of indictment, notices of appeals, &c., 12mo, Lon., 1836. " This production is in part compiled from the author's previous publications. Dickinson's treatise upon the same subject, written many years since, in consequence of the many changes in tlie law. has now little practical v.alue. Mr. Archie -Ids bnok will be of great assistance to every professional man prartisiog in the Court of Quarter Sessions, 1 Jurist, 01." — Ma?-viii's Lrgnl Bib). 9. Digest of the Laws relative to offences against God and Religion, with the Laws which affect Protestant Dissenters and Roman Catholics, with the Toleration Act, 8vo, Lon., 1813. 10. Digest of the Pleas of the Crown, 8vo, Lon., 1813. " This is one of three volumes of a Digest of Criminal Law, that Mr. Arehbold had prepared for the press, but almut tlie time this volume was published, several similar books w<-ie issued, and the two remaining volumes never appeared. IIow.'vii-. In- has incor- porated these parts of his unpublished Digest into his Summary of Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cas&s, 9. V." — Marvin's Le- gal Bibl. 11. Law relative to Commitments and Convictions by Justices of the Peace, with forms, 12mo, London. 1828. 12. Recent Criminal Statutes, with forms of indictment, notes, and index, 12mo, Lou., 1837. 13. The New Bank- rupt Act, 5 and 6 Vict. c. 122, with observations, showing the alterations effected in the law and practice, arranged on the plan of, and intended as a supplement to, the 9th ed. of Archbold's Bankruptcy, &c. By John Flather, 12mo, Lon., 1842. 14. Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer, comprising the Law relative to their several duties, with all the necessary Forms of Commitments, Convictions, Orders, &c., 3d ed., 3 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1845 ; 4th ed., 1846; continued to 1850. The third volume of this work is also published separately uuder the title of Archbold's Poor Laws. 15. The Poor Laws. Comprising all the authorities to 1844; 4th ed., Svo, Lon., 1845. _ •' Mr. Arehbold has long since earned a fair and deserved reputa^ tion for the work of which this is the fourth edition. We think it, upon the whole, the best of the Archboldiana. ... Its com- plained-of defects are the citing of manuscript cases, without re- ferring tit the volumes in which they were subscquiMitlv printiirj;h in June. 1808. 1. Facts and Observations relative to Puerpe- ral Fever, Lon.. 1814. 2. Practical Illustrations of Typhus and other Febrile Diseases, 1816. 3. Practical Illustra- tions of the Scarlet Fever, pincott & Co. We consider it the best Family Commentary in the language, and admirably adapted to the wants id" P.ible-class and Sunday-school teachers. Arnall, Wm. A zealous supporter of the administra- tion of Sir liobt, Walpole, editor of the True Briton, (for which service he is said to have been compensated by £400 per annum,) and author of some political tracts, Ac, i.a. Arnand, Jasper. An alarm to all persons touching their health, Lon., 1740. Arne, Thos. Augustine, 1710-1778, a celebrated musical composer, is of interest to litei-ary men from his being the sou of Thomas Arne, the upholsterer, the person supposed to have been intended by Addison in his charac- ter of the Politician, in Nos. 155" and 160 of The Taller. In 1738 .^rne produced music for Milton's masque of Comus. " In this masijue he introduced a light, airy, original, and pleas- ing melody, wholly different from I'urcell and Handel, whom all English composers h.ad hitherto pillaged or imitated. Indeed, the melody of Arne at thistime, and of his Vauxhall songs afterwards, forms an era in English music ; it was so easy, natural, and agree- able to the whole kingdom, that it had an effect upon our national taste."" — I)n. boKNEy. The well-known song of " Rule Britannia" was first in- troduced in Mallet's masque of Alfred, setbyArnein 1740. " The general melody of our countryman, if analyzed, would perhaps appear tobc neither Italian nor English, but an agreeable mixtui-e of Italian. English, and 8cots. . . . From the death of Purcell to that of Arne — a period of more than fourscore years no candidate for musical fame among our country men had appeared, who was equally admired by the nation at large.'" — Dr. Kcrnev. Arnett, J. A. An Inquiry into tho Nature and Form of the Books of the Ancients; with a History of the Art of Bookbinding, Lon., 1837. Arnold, A. C. L. History of Free Masonry. 1854. Arnold, C Poetical Essays: Distress, 1751. The Mirror. 175.">. Bookbinders' School of Design, 4to. Arnold, C. H. Hist, of N. and S. America, &e., 17S2. Arnold, Kdmund. Sermons, 1740-45. Arnold, Edwin, M.A. 1. Poems, Narrative .and Lyrical, Lon., I2mo. 2. Grisolda, a Tragedy ; and other Poems, 1856, fp. Svo. 3. The Wreck of the Northern Belle, 1857. Svo. Arnold, Kred., Curate of St. Mary de Crypt, Glou- cester. Sermons. Ltm., 1840. Arnold, John. Works upon Chronometers, Lon., 1780-X2. Arnold, Josiah Lynden, 1768-1796, of Providence, Rhode Isbunl. was the author of some poetical essays. Arnold, Matthew, a son of Dr. Thomas Arnold, of Rugby, b. Dec. 24, 1822, at Sateham, neiir Staines, Middlesex, England, educated at Winchester, Rugby, and Oxford, and elected a Fellow of Oriel College in 1845. In 1847 he became private secretary to Lord Lansdowne, and he retained that position until his marriage in 1851, when he was appointed to the post which he now occu- pies, — Lay Inspector of Schools under the Committee of the Council of Education. He was elected Prof, of Poetry in Univ. of Oxford. 1857. 1. The Strayed Reveller, and other Poems, by A.. Lon., 1848. Commended in the Lon- don Athenjcuui, 1848, 982. 2. Enipedocles on Etna, and other Poems. 1853. 3. Poems. June, 1854. 4. Poems; 2d .Series, Dec. 1854, Bost,, 1856; 1st Series, 3d ed., 1857. "For combined culture and fine natural feeling in the matter of versification. .Mr. Arnoid has no living superior. Though souie^ times slovenly in tlie versification of his sm.aller poems, when he is put upon I)is metfle by a particular affection for his subject, be manages the most 'irregular' and diflicult metres with admirable sliiU and feeling."— fi/i'n. Jicv.. Oct. IS66. y. i: " 4. Meropc ; a Tragedy, fp. Svo. See Lon. Athen, No. 1575, Jan. 2. 1858. "His narrative poems are better than his lyric. In more than one of the laftiT lie las aimed at a simplicity which, on proof, turns out to i.c pneiility." — Ltm. Atltcn., 1S54, y05. Arnold, R. Writing, Arithmetic, and Mathematics 1792. Arnold, or Arnolde, Richard, an ancient English chronicler, compiler of a work, the first edition of which is very rare : The Names of the Balyfs. Custos, Mayres, and Sherefs of ye Cite of London from the Tyrae of Kyn^-o Richard the first, &e., (1502?) This book is comnionTy called Arnold's Chronicle. The second edition, published circa 1521, is also of rare oecurren<'e; a copy sold at the sale of George Mason's library, in 1798, for £15 15s. 6d. The basis of the Chronicle is supjinsed to be the MS. in the town-clerk's oflice, (Loudon,) known as the Liberde Anti- quis Legibus. Aneditionwas published in 1811, (London,) with introductory matter entitled. The Customs of London, otherwise called Arnold's Chronicle. See this preface, by 69 ARN that eDiinent nDtiqiiary, Francis Douce, for a discussion aa to the orif;in of the celuhrated poem, The Jsol-Browu (Nut- Brown) Mayde. {which appeared first in Aruuld's Chroni- cle,) modernized by Prior into the ballad of Ilenry and Emma. "This is perhaps the most heterogeneous and multifarious mis- cellany that ever e.\isted. The collector sets out with a catalogue of the mayors and sheriffs, the customs and charter of the city of London. Soon afterwards we h.ave receipts to pickle sturi^cou. to maite vinegar, ink, and gunpowder: how to raise parsley in an hour; the arts of brewery and soap-making; an estimate of the livings in London ; an account of the last visitation of Saint Mag- nus's Church; the weight of Kssex cheese; and a letter to Cardinal M'olsey. The Not-Brown Mayde is introduced between an estimate of some subsidies paid into the exchequer, and directions for buy- ing goods in Flanders." — Wurton's UiUiTif nf Eur/Uah Pi^Jrii. For a furlher description of this work, see Herbert's Ames's Typ. Antiq., the Censura Literaria, and especially the table of contents of this curious oUa podridain Oldys's British Librarian, p. 22. '• Arnolde was a citizen of London, who. being inflamed with the fervente love of good Icaminge. travailed very studiously therein, and principally in observing matters worthy to be remem- bered of the posteritve; he noted the charters, liberties, lawes. constitucious. and customes of the citie of London."— Stowe^ '■ Arnolde of London wrote certayne collections touching histo rioal matters,"— lIoUNSHEii. He is supposed to have died ciVcn 1521. Arnold, Samuel, 1740-1802, a celebrated musical composer, sou of Baron Arnold. His published works are very considerable in number, viz : '■ 4 oratorios, 8 odes, 3 surenatas. 47 operas. 3 burlettas, besides overtures, concertos, and many smaller pieces." — Watt. His most famous oratorio was that of the Prodigal Son. " His oratorios are not unworthy of the disciple of so great a master as Handel."— ftcs's Oidripeilia. At the particular request of Geo. III., he superintended the pub. of a magnificent edition of all the works of Han- del. in score, of which he completed 36 folio volumes. Arnold, Samuel J., son of the above, pub. a num- ber of dramatic pieces. We find 12 credited to him in the Biog. Dram.: 1. Auld Robin Gray, 1794. 2. AVho Pays the Reckoning? 1795. a. Shipwreck. 1796. 4. Irish Le- gacy, 1797. 5. Veteran Tar. ISOl. 6. F.ml Deeds will Rise, 1S04. 7. Prior Claim, (in conj. with Mr. Pye.) 1805. 8 Up all Night, 1S09, N. P. 9. Britain's Jubilee, 1809, N. P. 10. Man and Wife, 1809. 11. The Maniac, 1810, N. P. 12. Plots, 1810, N. P. He died Aug. 16, 1582. As manager of a theatre in London, he produced Von Weber's opera of Der Freischutz, in 1824. Arnold, Stuart A. Merchant's and Seaman's Manuals, Lon.. 1778. Arnold, T. J. Reports of Cases C. Pleas, Ac, Lon., 1840; do. of Controverted Elections before Com. of H. Commons, Ac. "These reports are in continuation of those of Messrs. Baron and Austin. Falconer and Fitzherbert, Knapp and Ombler, ferry and Kuapp. and Cockburn and Kmve."— Marvin's Lf^/al BM. Manual of the Law, with regard to Public Meetings and Political Societies, 12mo, Lon., 1833. Arnold, Thomas. Sermon on Dan. vi. 10, 1660. Arnold, Thomas, M.D., d. 1816, of Leicester, pub. a number of professional works. Edin. and Lon., 1766-1809. Observations on the Nature, Kinds, Causes, and Prevention of Insanity, Lon., 1800, 2 vols. '■ A very entertaining work, containing the opinions both of ancieids and moderns upon this subject, illustrated by a variety of curious facts."— LoWiNDES. The first edition w.as pnb. 1782-86. Arnold, Thomas, D.D.. 179.5-1842, head master of i Rugby School, from 1827 till his death, and successor of ' Dr.'Nares (in 1841) as Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of O.xford, was one of the brightest orna- ments of his age. He was educated at Winchester School, and from thence went, in 1811, to Corpus Christi College, Oxf., where he took a first class in Classics, in Easter term, 181 4. In the next year he gained the prize for an English Essay, and in 1817, being then a Fellow of Oriel College, he gaine in the East; a Novel, p. 8vo, 2 vols. "This work is intended to represent the trials of a yonng officer who is determined to act up to Christian principles in a British regiincnt stati.med in India."' "Arnot, C. A. Letter respecting Bank of Eng., 1818. Arnot, Hugo, pub. a number of works, Edin. and Lon., 1777-85. Collection .and abridgment of celebrated Trials in Scotland, from 1536 to 1784, with Historical and Critical Remarks, Edin., 1785. History of Edinburgh, from the earliest accounts to the present time. Edin., 1789. " .\ useful and entertaining work." Arnot, Hugo. Address to the British Nation, 1812. Letters to the County of Fife Freeholders, 1812. Arnot, J., Surgeon. Profess. Works, Edin., 1800-16. Arnot, Thos., Surgeon. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess. 17S6. Arnot, W, Harmony of Law and Gospel, 1786. Arnot, W. Race for Riches, Glasgow, 1851; repub. Phila., 1852, ISnio. Arnott, Neil, M.D., b. 1788, at Dysart, near Mont- rose, Scotland. He and Lord Byron were fellow-pupils at the Grammar-School of Aberdeen in 1797. In 1801 he gained the first prize of his class and entered the Uni- versity ; took the degree of M.A. in ISOfi. .and pursued his professional studies under Sir Everhard Home, Surgeon of St. George's Hospital, London. 1. Elements of Physics ; or. Natural Philosophy, General and Medical, Explained in Plain or Non-Technical Language, 1827. Of this work, five editions, amounting to 10.000 copies, were called for within six years, and it was translated into all Kiiropean langtiages except Italian. The author published originally the first halfvolume, and he had l..c.jni.. so occupied professionally that the chapters on Light and Heat were ready only fo' the third edition. The two rcniaiiiiiig ch.ii.tcrs, on Klectricity and Astro- nomy, bad to wait until still iurtlier leisure." A new and enlarged edition of this work is now (1857) in course of preparation, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Essay on Warm- ing aud Veutilating, 1838. 3. Smokeless Fireplace, 8vo, 1855. _ , Arnould, Joseph. Law of Marino Insurance and Average, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. roy. 8vo. ; edited with addits. by J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1850, 2 vols. roy. 8vo. "The student will here find, within a convenient compass, the learning of the ContinentiU jurist ; the just and politic judgments of the first intellects of England, iu Westminster Hall, and the clear and satisfactory determinations of the American commercial tribunal and judges, at once eminently scientific and practical."— Amrricaii Imw Journal. 4rnnl))h. See Eunulph. Arnway, John, of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxf., a zealous ART ARV Ftipporterof K.Chnrlea T. He was the author of The Tablet, or Moderation of Chas. I., Martyr, H;ij,'ue, 16oU. Alarum to the Subjects of Enj,'land. He died in Virginia. " Ik' h:u1 ipiittt'd a laru;L' fortune to serve bis Prince, and there- fiire was phnniHreil by the Rebels, and lost his Rooks and Papers, which he cuulri nt'ver recover." — Wood's Athen. Oxmi. Arrowsinith. The Reformation. A Comedy. Arrowsiiiith, Aaron, 1750-1823, settled in London, 1770. 1. Large Map of the World on Mereator's Projec- tion, 1790. 2. Map of the World, wiih a Compauiun of Explanatory Letter-Press. 1794. 3. ^lap of the Northern Regions of America. 4. Map of Scotland, lSl)7. 5. Me- moir relative to the Construction of the Map of Scotland, 1809. He published upwards of 130 maps. G. His Geo- metrical Projection of Maps was pub. 182j, after his death. *' ArrowsmiLb'a maps obtaim-d a liigh rcimtation thronghout Europe for their distinctness, the result of good engraving and arrangement. It has been the fashion of late to undervalue his acquirements as a geographer; but. though he is inferior to Berg- haus and some otliei' map-makers of tlie present day, he was supe- rior to auy one in Europe at the time he commeDced his career." — Sng. C'jc, vol. i. The School Atlases and Skeleton Maps for Eton Col- lege, and the Manuals of Geography, Ancient and Modern, by Aaron Arrowsmith, are the works of his sou. Arrowsinith, Ed. Sundry serm., pub. Lon., 1724^5. Arrowsmith, John, 1602-1659, an eminent Puritan divine, educated at St. John's College and Catherine Hall, Cambridge, pub. several works which were highly esteemed. Ai-milla Catecbetica. or a Chain of Principles wbeivin the Chief Heads of the Christian lleliirion are Asserted and Improved. Lon., 1659. "This and his Tractica Sacra are valuable treatises." — BiCKERSTETII. Tractica Sacra, sive de Milite Spirituali pugnate, vin- oente, et triumphante Dissertatio, Cantab., 1647. "This work contiiins. along with a great de-al of controversy, some ingenious remarks on those passages of Scripture which re- late to the spiritual warfare. The authoi' w.is a man of learning and genius, and maintained a highly respectable character during the difficult times in which he lived. lie wrote a work on part oiF the Gospel of .Tohn. and some other things, which rank high among the puritanic.il writings.'' — Ormb. His sweet and engaging disposition, Dr. Salter remarks, appears through all the sourness and severity of his opi- nions in his Tractica Sacra. " A book written in a clear style, and with a lively fancy: in which he displayed at once much weakness and stiffness, but withal great reading,"' A contemporary describes him as "holy and lejirned. diligent, zealous, and sincere, doiug all that could he done with a Weak and sickly body." Dr. Whichcote also speaks of him with high respect, and even the querulous antiquary. Cole, {MS. Athen. Cantab, in British Museum,) dues not scruple to commend Dr. Arrowsniilh. Arrou'smith, J. P. Art of instructing the Infant Deaf and Dumb. "In this interesting little volume, the plan of the celebrated Abbe de TEpee is reprinted." — Lowndej?. Arrowsmith, R. G. Doubts upon the reasoning of Dr. Palev relative to, and observations upon, the Criminal Law, Lon., ISIl. Arscott, Alex 1732. Arthin^ton, Henry. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1592- 94. See Weever's Funeral Monuments. Arthur, Archibald, 1744-1797, was Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow. Dis- courses on Theolog. and Literary Subjects, (tc, (pub. by Prof. Wm. Richardson,) 1803. — See Edin. Review, vol. iv. 168. Arthur, Ed. Sermons on various subjects, 1783. Arthur, Jas., d. 1670, at Lisbon, pub. a Commentary in Latin, on the works of St. Thomas Aquinas, two vols, folio. " It is said that he had ten volumes more in preparation on the ame subject." — Uosn's Bing. Did. Arthur, M. Exposition, Critical, Doctrinal, and Prac- tical, of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism, vol. i. 17S9. Arthur, T, S., of Philadelphia, born in 1809, near Newburgh, Orange county, New York, is a voluminous and highly popular writer. We subjoin a list of a portion of his works. 1. Sketches of Life and Character, 8vo, pp. 420. 2. Lights and Sha- dows of Real Life. Svo, pp. 500. 3. Leaves from the Book of Human Life. 12mo. 4. Golden Grains from Life's Harvest-Field, I2mo. 5. The Loftons and the Pinker- tons, I2mo. 6. Heart-Histories and Life-Pictures. 7. Tales for Rich and Poor, 6 vols. 18mo. 8. Library for the Household. 12 vols. ISmo. 9. Arthur's Juvenile Library, 12 vols. IHmo. 10. Cottage Library, 6 vols. 18mo. 11. Ten Nights in a Bat-Room, 12mo. 12. Six Upon the Christian Religion. Lon., Nights with the Washingtonians, ISmo. 13. Advice to Y Seamen's Medical Advocate, Lon., 179S. Aruudale, F. Picturesque Tour through Jerusalem, Mount Sinai, and the Holy Land, with maps, and 21 plates, Lon., 1S37. Arundel, Countess of, Anne, d. 1630, married Philip, Earl of Arundel, who died in the Tower, Nov., 1595. Mr. Lodge has rescued from oljlivion an interest- ing copy of verses by her, produced, he thinks, by the "■' Melancholy exit of her lord, which al)ound with the imperfect beauties, as well as with the common errors, of a strong, but un- taught, poetical fancy." — lUiis. of Brit. History, vol. iii., p. 359: BrydgeiCs }[nn..,\i.\~Z: Park's Walix>h's Jf. dl Is'. Authors. Arundel, Countess of, Mary, married first to Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, and afterwards to Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. She translated from English into Latin, Sententias et prjpclera Facta Alexandri Scveri, Imporatoris. Extant in MS. in the King's Library. De stirte et Familia Alexandri Severi, et de Signis quse ei portendebant Imperium. From Greek into Latin, Selectas Sententias septem Sa- pientum Grai?corum. Similitudines ex Platonis, Aristo- telis, SenecEe, et aliorum Philosophorum Librls collectas. Dedicated to her father. " Learning had now taken a considerable flight since the days of Edward the Fourth. Sir Thomas More mentions it as very ex- traordinary that Jane Shore could read and write." — Park's Wal- polr's 7?. (f N. Ajtthors. Arundel and Surrey, Countess of, Althea Talbot, Nature embowelled ; her choicest secrets di- gested into receipts, whereunto are annexed many rare and hitherto unimparted inventions, Lon., 1665, with por- trait by Hollar. Arundel of Wardour, Lord Henry, is credited with "five little Meditations in verse" in A Collection of Eighty-six loyal Poems, printed in 1685. These Medita- tions are said to have been written whilst his lordship was a prisoner in the Tower. (Imprisoned for the Popish Plot.) Aruudell, F. V. J, A Visit to the Seven Churches in Asia, &c., Lon., 1828. Discoveries in Asia Minor, &c., Lon., 1834. This latter work is illustrated by references to the preceding. " As far as he has been able to explore the land, Mr. Arundell'a inquiries and discoveries are well deserving of attention." — Xite- rar>/ Gmrttp. Aruudell, J. Sermon on death of Rev. E. Williams, 1813. Arvine, Kazlitt. Cyclopiedia of Anecdotes of Lite- rature and Fine Arts. Containing a copious and choice selection of anecdotes of the various forms of literature, of the arts of architecture, engravings, music, poetry, painting and sculpture, and of the most celebrated literary characters and artists of different countries and ages, Ac. 71 ARW With numerous illustrations. 725 pp. octavo. Boston, 185-1. Cyclopajdia of Moral and Rclisiuus Anecdotes, of whicli EBveral edits, have been pub. in Lon., 8vo, and N. Y., 8vo. Anvarker, E. Thcolog. and other works, Lon., 1GS6-17IIS. Ascham, or Askam, Anthony, a physician and ecclesiastic, was the author of A lytcl Treatyse of Astro- nomy, Lon., 1552, which ran through many editions. " It is .1 very poorly-wiittL-n tract, and scarcely deserves a notice in tlie real history of Entrlish science." A Litllc Herbal of the Properties of Herbes, Lon., 1550. Ascham, Anthony, murdered 1650, at Madrid, by six English Royalists, was the author of a work entitled Of the Confusion and Revolutions of Government, ic. Lon., 1643. Bishop Sanderson wrote a censure of this work. Ascham, Roger, 1515?-156S, was born at Kirby- Wiske, a village near Northallerton, in Yorkshire. In 1630, he entered St. John's Coll., Cambridge, where he displayed great aptness in acquiring the Greek and Latin languages. Dr. Metcalf, the master, he informs us, was " a man meanly learned himself, hut not meanly affec- tioned to set forward learning in others, and I lacked not his favour to further me in learning." In the ISth year of his age he was chosen Fellow of his college. In 1514 he succeeded Sir John Cheke as public orator of the Uni- versity of Cambridge, and was made by King Edward VI. his secretary for the Latin tongue. In the controversy concerning the right pronunciation of the Greek language, Ascham opposed the method introduced by Sir Thomas Smith and Sir John Cheke, but aftcvw.ards espoused their opinion and practice. " It is probable that it is in part owing to the ingenuity with which he defended it, (see his letter to Ilubertus Laiiguetus,) that this mode of pronun- ciation was generally adopted, and has since prevailed in the schools of England." In 1548, the Princess Elizabeth called Ascham from his college to direct her studies. He instructed his pupil in the learned languages with great diligence and success for two years, during which time he read with her the greater part of Cicero and Livy, the se- lect orations of Socrates, the plays of Sophocles, and the Greek Testament. In 1550, he tr.avelled for three years on the Continent, as secretary to Sir Richard Morysine, who was appointed ambassador to the Emperor Charles V. Who that has ever perused it can forget bis deeply-interesting descrip- tion of his visit, before his departure, to Lady Jane Grey ? The place at which she then resided was her father's seat at Broadgate. in Leicestershire. Ascham found that the hall was deserted : the family were engaged in hunting in the park, and he discovered, after some search. Lady Jane, then in her 14th year, in her apartment, deeply im- mersed in the Pha;do of Plato ! " with as much delight as some gentlemen would read a merry tale in Boccacc." The worthy Ascham, however delighted at such devotion to the studies he was himself so much in love with, could not conceal his surprise at the choice of this very young lady. After the first compliments, he asked her why she " lost such pastime as there must needs be in the park ?" At which, smiling, she answered, " I wist all their sport is hut a shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato. Alas, good folk! they never felt what true pleasure meant!" This "naturally leading him to inquire how a child of her age had attained to such a depth of pleasure both in the Plat«nio language and philosophy," she made him (Mr. Ascham himself tells us) the following remarkable reidy : " I will tell you," quoth she, " and tell you truth, which, perchance, you will m.arvel at. One of the greatest bene- fits which ever God gave me, is that he sent so sharp and severe parents, and so gentle a schoolmaster. For when I am in presence either of father or mother, whether I speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go ; eat, drink, be merry, or sad ; be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing any thing else, I must do it, as it were, in such weight, measure, and number, and even so perfectly, as God made the world, or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threat- ened, yea, presently, sometimes with pinches, nips, and bobs, (or other ways, which I will not name, for the honour I bear them,) so without measure disordered, that I think myself in hell, till time come that I must go to Mr. El- mer, who teacheth me so gently, so pleasantly, with fair allurements to learning, that I think all the time nothing while I am with him; and when I am called from him, I fall a-weeping, because whatsoever I do else but learning, is full of grief, trouble, fear, and wholly misliking unto me • and this my book hath been so much my pleasure, and bringcth daily to me more pleasure, and more yet ! 72 ASC In respect to it, all other pleasures, in very deed, he but trifles and troubles unto me!" — .4«c/in7ii's Sr)i'i vera cum pretate doleiit. IViucipilvus vixit carus, jucundus amicis. Ke modica ; in mores diccre tama nequit." Anthony Wotid speaks of liim as " leavins behind him this cha- racter by a learned person, that he inter primes nostm? nationis literas Lati'-.as et Gra-cas, stylique puritatem cum eloqucntise laude excoluit." ,..,., i, ,. " He had a Cicile .and fluent Latin style, (not like those who, countini; obscurity to be clcpancy. weed out all the hard words thev meet in authors :) witness his ' Epistles,' which some say are the' only Latin ones extant of any Engli.shman, and if so. the more the pity. What loads have we ofletters from foreign pens, as it no author were complete without those necessary appurtenances! Whilst surely our Knulishmen write (though not so many) as iinod as any other nation. In a word, his 'Toxophilus' is ac- counted a good book for ynung men. his ' Fchoolmaster' for oM men, his ' Epistles' for oH men."— J'uH.TS iror(/««. Aseham's first publication (not his first work) was elicited by the censure with which some meddlesome people thought proper to rebuke his love of archery. It is entitled " Toxo- philus ; the Scho(d and Partitions of Shooting." (1544.) The author embraced the opportunity thus presented of teaching to his countrymen the as yet undeveloped riches of their native tongue. . " lie designed not only to teach the art of shooting, but to givB an example of diction more natural and ncn- truly KUL'lish than was used by the common writers of that ivjk: whom he censures for mingling exotic terms with their native Kiiiguage. and of whom he complains that they were made authors, not by skill or educa- tion, luit by .arrogance and temerity. He has not tailed iu either of bis purp'oses." — Dr. .Johnson. He has been called "The Father of Englhsh Prose." Certain it is that " previous to the exertions of Ascham, verv few writers can be mentioned as aft'ording any model for English stylo. If we except the translatiteemed on account of the goud sense, judicious observati'iiis. i\i client cha- racters of ancient authors, and many pleasant and jfiulitaljle pas- sages of English history ,which are plentifully strewed therein." — Dr.Campbei.i,. " Perhaps the best advice that ever was given for the study of languages." — Dr. Johnson. '■A more interesting and judicious treatise has not appeared upon the subject in any language." — Dr. Drake. " The work is strongly expressive of the author's humanity and good sense, and abounds with proofs of extensive and accurate erudition. It contains excellent practical advice, particularly on the method of teaching classical learning." — Cunningham s Biog. Hi&tortj. '• The writings of the learned and judicious Ascham possess, both in style and matter, a value whiL-h must not be measured by their inconsiderable bulk. Their language is pure, idiomatic, vigorous English; they exhibit gre^it variety of knowledge, remarkable sa- gacity, and sound common sense." — Spalding. " Ascham is a tliorough-bred philologist, and of the purest water. . . . After Ascham and AVilson, we look in vain, during the mid- dle of the sixteenth century, for any names equally illustrious in the annals of English philolngv." — Dr. Dirdin. "Ascham is a gnat naiiu- in our national literature. He was one of the first founders of a true English style in prose composi- tion, and one of the most respectable and useful of our scholars. He was amongst the first to reject the use of foreign words and Idioms — a fashion, which in the reign of Henry the Eighth, began to be so prevalent, that the authors of that day, by ' usinge straunge wordcs. as Latine, Frenche. and Italian, did make all thinges darke and harde.' ... As a scholar, he was acute, leJirned, and laborious." — lietrns. Revinv, vol. iv. p. 76. It is truly remarkable that the English works of Ascham seem for so long a period to have been almost entirely for- gotten ! Dr. Johnson truly remarks : " That his English works have been so long neglected, is a proof of the uncertainty of literary lame. He was scarrely known as an author in his own language till Mr. Upton published his School- Master with learned notes. His other pieces were read only by those few %vho delight in obsolete books." The Life of Ascham, and the Dedication to the Earl of Shaftesbury, prefixed to Bennet's edition of his English works. (Lon.. 1761.) were written by Dr. Johnson. Apologia pro Ciena Dominica contra Missam, Ac, Lon- dini, 1577. With dedication to the Earl of Leicester, some hexameters, and an epistle to the reader. Reprint., 1587. Epistolarum Libri tres, Ac, Londiui, 1587, dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. Reprinted, 15S1. Ibid, edidit Elstob. Oxon., 17ti;i. with a frontispiece by M. Burghers, contain- ing ten English portraits, and the author reading to Queen Elizabeth. Considered the best edition of the Letters: poems not included. These Letters are held in gi-eat esteem for style and matter, and are one of the few classi- cal collections of the kind written by Englisbmcu. Warton considers that *' the Latinity of Ascham's prose has little elegance," but we have seen Buchanan's commendation in the Epigram quoted ante. A Report and Discourse of the Affaires and State of Germany, and the Emperor Charles his Court, durying certaine j'ears, (1550-1552.) The result of Ascham's per- sonal observations when attached to the embassy to the emperor. Dr. Campbell praises this Report as " One of the most delicate pieces of history that ever was penned in our language, evincing its author to have been a man as capable of shining in the cabinet as in the closet." One of the two editions bears date 1570, the other is sine aniin. The Rev. John Walters pub. in 1588 a reprint of the first edition of Toxophilus, with extracts from books sub- sequent to the date of its appearance. Ascheton, William. See AssnETox. Ascu, E. Historic, containing the Warres, Treatises, Marriages, and other Occurents, between England and Scotland, from King William the Conqueror, untill the happy union of them both in King James, 1607. A^igill, John. An Apologetical Oration, on an extra- ordinary occasion, Lou., 1760. "A pretty respectable defence of Lord George Sackville." — Watt. Asgilly John, d. 17;'i8, at an advanced age, was a lawyer, and the author of a number of books, pub. Lon., 1700-1727. He is remarkable as having been subjected to much persecution in consequence of a work pub. in 1700, entitled Argument, proving that Men may be translated to Heaven without dying, according to the Covenant of Eter- nal Life, revealed in the Scriptures, although the Human Nature of Christ himself could not thus be translated till he had passed through Death. This unfortunate publica- tion, which a later judgment has pronounced rather absurd than impious, was condemned by Dr. Sacheverell as "one of the blasphemous writings which induced him to think the church in danger." He sat as a member of the Irish House of Commons only four days, when he was expelled for this performance. Returning to England he was chosen membertbrBramber, county of Sussex, in 1705. In 1707, he was expelled from his seat upon a representation of a committee of which Edward Harley, Esf|.. was chairman, that the book " contained several blasplicnmns expressions, and seemed to be intended to ridienic the Sn iptures." " From this time his affairs grew muri' drsjuTatt^ and he was obliged to retire first to tb.- Mint, and then became a prisoner in the King's Bench, but rennn.d hiiiis.lf thence to the Fleet, and in the rules of one or other fif thcsr pri-nns continued thii'ty years.'' Among the principal of his works were : Several Asser- tions Proved, in order to create another Species of Money than Gold or Silver. An Essay on a Registry for Titles of Lands, 1771. This work is written in a very hu- morous style. The Succession of the House of Hanover Vindicated, Lon., 17H. This was an answer to Mr. Bed- ford's famous book. Dr. Southey is disposed to think that Asgill's theological treatise which gave so much offence, was the result of a professional habit of mind, which led him to take nothing for granted, but induced him to ex- amine every question critically for his own satisfaction. " The whole strength of his mind was devoted to his profession, in which he had so completely trammelled and drilled his intellectual powers, that he at length acquired a habit of looking at all sub- jects in a legal point of view. lie could find Haws in an hereditary crown. But it was not to seek flaws that he studied the Bible : ha studied it to see whether he could not claim, under the Old and New Testament, something move than was considered to be his share." For copious extracts from Asgill's Argument, see The Doctor : part the Second. Asgill, in contending that men had made a great mistake in dying for so many years, only because they thought they were obliged to die, had to admit that the evidence told strongly against him ! He was not able to deny that "this custom of the world to die, hath gained such a prevalency over our minds by pre- possessing us of the necessity of death, that it stands ready to swallow my argument whole without digesting it." Yet nothing daunted by this startling fact, of men's daily in- sisting upon dying, he stoutly contends that *• the custom of the world to die is no argument one way or other \" He explains all this in a trice, by declaring that the dominion id' death is supported by our fear of it, "' by which it bath bullied the world to this day." We have seen that his ungrateful contemporaries, not appreciating hia 73 ASH friendly efforts to extend their lonsevity, punished, in- stead of rewarding, him, and insisted upon following their old custom with that pertinacious adherence to the man- ners of their forefathers for which Englishmen have been always proverbial. Asgill no doubt pitied their delusion, and deplored their folly, as he saw Ihem dropping ofl" one by one ; and as he is said to have almost attained his 100th year, perhaps the new generation were beginning to sus- pect that Lawyer Asgill was not so far wrong after all, and that their progenitors had the weak side of an argument to which they had yielded themselves martyrs. But death had only •• stayed e.\ecution," not '• abandoned his claim ;" and, in November, 1738, Asgill was forced to be a witness against himself, and, to use old Anthony Wood's favourite phrase, he " gave way to fate," to prove, we trust, the truth of the old motto which he so much censured, that '* Death is the Gate of Life," the entrance to a blissful immortality, to those who by " patient continuance in well-doing, have waited their appointed time till their change come," justi- fied, sanctified, and made meet for the " inheritance of the saints in light." Wo believe Asgill to have been a good man, but one who had " Found it pleasant To sail, like Pyrrho, on a sea of speculation," nntil fancy had usurped the province of reason, and the deductions of judgment been displaced by the vagaries of the imagination. Ash, Charles. Adbaston: a Poem, 1814. Ash, Edward, M.D. d. 1829, conducted a weekly paper, published in numbers, entitled The Speculator, 1790. '* He amused himself with the elegancies of literature, and .as- sisted the College of Physicians in the anan^ement and stvle of their oftici.al papers and publications; but he did not publish any work oa medical science," — Hose's Biog. Diet. Ash, St. George, Bishop of Cloyne, 1658-1717, pub. six sermons separately, 1694-1718 ; and contributed to the Phil. Trans., 1684-98. Ho was a member of the Royal Society, Ash, John. Account of Affairs in Carolina, 1703, Ash, John, M.D„ 172,1-1798, of Trinity Coll., O.xf., attained great eminence in his profession. He practised for many ye.ars in Birmingham and London, In 17S8 he piib. (the result of his own investigations) E.\periments and Observations to investigate by Chemical Analysis the Medicinal Properties of the Mineral Waters of Spa and Aix-la-Chapelle, in (icrmany ; and of the Waters and Bone near St. Amand, in French Flanders, Dr, Ash was founder and president of the celebrated Eumelian club, of which Sir Joshua Reynolds. Mr, AVindham. Boswell, and others, were meraticrs. See Boswell's Life of Johnson. A.sh, John, LL.D., 1724-1779, a dissenting minister at Pershore in Worcestershire, pub. several works, 17C0- 77, the principal of which is, A New and Complete Eng- lish Dictionary, Lon., 1775. 2 vols. 8vo. " The plan was extensive beyond any thins; of the kind ever attempted, and perhaps embraced much more than was necessary, or useful. It is valualile. however, as containing a very lart;e pro- portion of obsolete words, and such provincial or caut words as have crept info treneral use." — Ch.\lmers. Ash, T. Entick's Spelling Diet, abridged. Ashburnrr, A. ill. Sermon at Ordination of the late Sir Harry Trelawney, 1777, Ashbiirnhani, John, 1603-1671, Narrative of his Attendance on King Charles I.. Lon., 1830. "This work is valuable from throwinf; much li;,'ht on a portion of history which has hitherto been involved in unusual obscu- rity." — XrtH. Alhlmen. and, therefore, very much valued by Divines whose learoing lay that way." Ashwell, John, Prior of Newnham Abbey, near Bedford. "The Letters which Johan Ashwell. Prionr of Newnham Abbey besydes Bcdforde. sente secretley to the Byshope of Lyncolue. M.B.XXVIL Where in the sayde Pryour accnseth George Joye, that Tyme beyng Felow of Peter College in Cambrydge, of fewer opinions: with the Answerc of the sayde George unto the same opi- nions." "At Straszburge 10 Daye of June. Thys lytell Boke be dely wered to Johan Ashwell, Priour of Newnha Abbey, besydes Bcdforde, with Spede.'* This work is of great interest, not only to the biblio- grapher, and lover of rare works, but as connected with the history of one of the first men who stood forth in England, and boldly advocated the '' universal dift'usion" of the gospel. The Prior of Newnham accused Joye of I heresy, and Joye answers the charge. I " lie was a great friend to Master Tiudall. and. therefore, per- i fectly hatted by Wolsey, Fisher, and Sir Thomas More. The par- ' titulars of his sufferings, if known, would justly advani'c him into the reputation of a confessor. He translated some parts of the Bible into Knglish. and wrote many works, reckoned up l.y Hale. Xotwithstanding many machinations against his life, lie found his coffin where he fetched his cradle, ' in sua patriii se^l- tus,'. being peaceably buried in his native country, 1553, the hist ytiar of King Kdward the SLxth." — FuUfi-'s Worffiies. For an interesting account of Ashwell's Letters, &c., 1 see the Ketn.spective Review, N.S., vol. ii. AshAvell, Samuel, M.D. 1. Diseases Peculiar to Women, Lou., 8vo ; Phila,, Svo. 2. Parturition, , Svo. See Goddard, Paul B., M.D. 1 Ashwell, Thos., Compos, of Church Music, temp. Hen. YIH. ^ j AshAVood, Bart. The Heavenly Trade, Lon., 16S8, I Ashwood, John. Discourses, 1707. 75 ASH Ashworth, Caleb, 1721-1775, presided for 23 years over tlij; I'isseiiting theological institution estaljlisbed uiK.u Coward's Foundation. Ur. Doddridge in his last will recomiiicnds Mr. Ashworth for this responsible post. He pub. three Funeral Sermons on the deaths of Dr. Watts, Mr. Floyd, and Mrs. Clark ; A Coll. of Tunes and Anthems; a Hebrew Grammar; and An Intro, to Plane Trigonometry. " With iudetati<;.xble application, with genuine and well-regu- lated zeal, and with growing reputation aud success, he exerted his eminent abilities and extensive acquaintance with sacred aud human HIerature in the s^-rvice of his great Master, and in pro- motiug the impoi-tant interest of learning, religion, and charity."' — Insci-iptiou on his monument. — Hose's Bii'g. Did. Aske, James, author of Elizabetha Triumphans, written in commeinoratioa of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, 15S8, and pub. in that year. It is in blank verse; and as such included in lir. Percy's volume of Blank Verse anterior to Milton. Ii will be found com- plete in the second volume of Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth. Askew, Anthony, M.D.. 1722-1772, a distinguished classical scholiir, was educated at Scdbnrgh School, and Emmanuel Coll., Cambridge. He studied medicine for a year at Leyden ; after which he still remained abroad lor three years, and returned to Cambridge in 1750, and com- menced practice. He published no medical works, and his easy fortune prevented the necessity of any effort to retain Ihe large professional business which liis father, Dr. Adam Askew, had long enjoycl. Whilst abroad, he laid tJie foundation of his choice library by the purchase of many valuable books and manuscripts. Amongst these treasures was a complete collection of the editions of iEschylus, a new edition of which Dr. Askew intended to have given to the world. Whilst yet a student at Leyden, he issued a specimen of his intended edition, dedicated to Dr. Richard Mead : Nova; Editiouis Traga;- diiirum iEschyli Specimen, curante Antonio Askew, Ac, Lugd. P.atftv., 1746. This pamphlet is now of great rarity. Askew has been properly esteemed one of the fathers of the "BiBl.ioMANl.l" in England. He estimated his rare books and dingy manuscripts as more precious than rubies or fine golil, and was careful how he permitted them to pass from his own hands. We have an amusing account of his displaying (but eul ociilis only — nmiiibiiaque was too much for a king to ask!) to his visitors some of his choicest volumes, safely enshrined within glass cases, whilst the happy owner, perched upon his library ladder, would read from an " Editio princeps," or an " E-femplar elegans," some scrap of philosophic wisdom of the "elder time." How could the enthusiastic Askew ever resign those d.arliugs of his soul ! But Death, who has no re- spect for men's '' hobbies," and who stops not to ask. when he has levelled his shaft, whether his intended victim be of Athens or Bceotia, entered the doctor's retreat at Hamp- stead one day, and summoned him to leave his books and manuscrii)ts, the cherished acquisition of so many happy years ! His collection went the way of most libraries through the hands of the auctioneer, into the vacant niches or shelves which had long waited for the demise of the owner. The Rev. Mr. Cr.acherode's long purse swal- lowed many an " Exemplar Askeviaunin." Dr. Hunter e.\pendeil ioOU upon the spot, and Dr. Maty purchased to a considerable amount for the British Museum. But more than this! Even Royalty was a competitor in this day's struggle. The King of England was a purchaser of £300 worth of rare tomes, and his Majesty of France and some other foreign collectors, .absorbed, "through the agency of Dc Bure, no less than the value of £1500. We quote from our copy of the Bibliom.\nia (richly in- terleaved with original letters of Dr. Dibdin and Richard Heber — for we ourselves are something of a Biblioma- niac) the prices at which a few of the great guns were disposed of. "No. tj84. Boccacio. ilTeseide. Ferar. 1475. Prima Edizione. £85. 1576. Durandi Rationale. 14o'.t. In Memliranis. £tjl. 2656. Platonis Opera, apud Aldum, 2 vols, fob, 1513. Edit. Pr«n. On vellum. £56 13s. Od. Purchased by Tr. Wm. Hunter. The reader can have no idea of the beauty of these vellum leaves. The ink is of the finest lustre, and the whole tvpographical ar- rangement may be considered a masterpiece of printing. 2S12. I'linii Hist. Natural; apud Spir.am, fob, 1469. Edit. Prin- ceps. £43 tli-. Orf. This copy bears no kind of comparison with the copy in Lord Spencer's. Dr. Hunter's, and the Cracherode col- lections. These latter are giants to it. 3637. Terentianus Maurus de Literis, Syll.abis, et Metris IIo- ratii Jlediol., fob, 1497 ; £12. 12«. Od. " This is judged to be the only copy of the edition in England, if not in the whole world Dr Askew could find no copy in his travels over Europe, though he made earnest and particular sjarch in every library which he had an opportunity of cousultiug." • AST " Kare and magnificent as the preceding articles may be consi- dered, I can confidently assure the reader that they form a very small part of the extr-iordinary books in Dr. .Askew's librarv. Many a ten and twentj/ h.is been omitted— many a prince of an edition passed by unguarded. [Dibdin quotes nineteen articles.] The articles were 3670 in number ; probably comprehending about 7000 volumes. They were sold for £4000." Dr. Askew was a warmly-attached friend of Dr. Richard Mead. (See Mead, Richaiid.) Of the classical attain- ments of Askew, Dr. Parr speaks in high praise. Aspiu, J. Educational Works, 1801-9-13, etc. Aspin, Wm. Sermon on Euvy, Eed. iv. 4, 16S4. Aspinall, James. The Crisis, Liverp., 1831. Aspinwall. Translated "Rodoguue," 1765. Aspiuwall, Edward. A Preservation against Popery, Loll.. 1715 ; Arguments in proof of Christian Religion, 1731. Aspland, Robert, 17S2-1S45, a Dissenter, b. at Wicken, county of Camljridge, Eng. He was at one time a Churchman, afterwards a Baptist, and finally a Unita- rian. For forty years he was pastor of the Gravel-Pit Chapel, Hackney. In 1806, he established the Monthly Repository and founded the Unitarian Fund Society ; in 1815, established the Christian Reformer, a monthly maga- zine, which is contiuued by his son, the Rev. R. Brook Asplaud, of Dukiulield. His publications number about fifty. A vol. of Sermons, and several pamphlets from his pen, have been edited by his son, 1 vol. 8vo. See Memoir and Correspondence, by 11. B. A., 1850, 8vo; Appletou's New Amer. Cyc. Asploy, J. Work on Navigation, Lon., 1668. Asplin, Saml. Sermons, pub. 1711-15. Asplin,Wm. Upon AVorship'g towards the East 17''8 Asser, d. 010, Bishop of Sherborne, and perhaps "of another see .antecedently, has had attributed to him seve- ral works, the princijial of which is the Life of Alfreil (iEIfredi Regis Res Gestte, pub. by Arclibp. Parker, 1574 •) but see an elaborate argument by the learned Thom.-is Wright (Biog. Brit. Lit.) against the authenticity of this biography. Assheton, Wm., 1641-1711, fellow of Erasenose College, Oxf., [lub, a number of theological, controversial, and moral works. Lon., 1602-1710. Among his principal productions were: 1. Toleration Disapproved and Con- demned by the .Authority tiud Convincing Reasons of, &c., Oxf., 1670; 2. The Cases of Scandal and Persecution, Lon., 1674 ; 3. A Seasonable Vindication of the Blessed Trinity, [a compilation from Tillotson and Stillingfieet,] Lon., 1679; 4. The Roy.al Apology, or Au Answer to the Rebel's Plea, Ac, 2d ed., Lon., 1085; 5. The Country Parson's Admonition to his Parishioners against Popery ; 6. Directions for the Conversation of the Clergy, ffrom StiUiugfleet,] Lon., 1710. '' " "The writer of his life gives him the hiehest ch.ararfer for pietv, probity, and inflexible adherence to the doctrines and interests of the Church of England.'' Astell, J. P. Liquor Alcahcst, or a Discourse of that iinmortiil disscdvent of Paracelsus and Helmot, Lon., 1675. Astell, Mary, 1668'/-1731, a writer of considerable note in her day, 'pub. a number of theological and miscel. works. A Serious Proposal to the Ladies for the Advancement of their True and Greatest Interest, &o. ; also. Part the Second : wherein a method is offered for the improvement of their minds, Lon., 1697. " These books contributed not a little towards awakening their minds, and lessening their esteem for those trilling amusements which steal away too much of their time." — Ballard. An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex. " A witty piece." Reflections on Marriage, occasioned, it is said, by a disap- pointment she experienced in a marriage contract. 1700. " Some people think she has caiTied her arguments with regard to the birtlirighls and jrririlegcs of her sex a little too far : and that there is too much warmth of temper discovered in this treatise." But surely a little asperity should be excused when we consider Ihe circnmslances ! A Fair W.ay with Dissenters, and their Patrons, 1704; The Christian Religion, as Prac- tised by a Daughter of the Church of England, 1705; Six Familiar Essays upon Marriage, Crosses in Love, and Friendship, 1706. Poor Mary! still harping upon that gny deceiver! Barflemy Fair, or an Inquiry after Wit, 1700; republished in 1722, with the words " Barflemy Fair" omitted. " She was extremely fond of obscurity, which she courted and doated on beyond all earthly blessings:" and was as ambitious to slide gently through the world, without so much .as being seen or taken notice of. as others are to Imstle and make a figure in it. . . . Notwithstanding her great care to conceal herself her name was soon discovered, and made known to several learned persrns, whose restless curiosity would otherwise hardly have been satis- fied.'" — Bali.ahd. These remarks apply more particularly to the publica- AST AST tion of her Letters to Mr. John Norris concerning The Love of God. Mrs. Astell was held in great estimation by some of the most distinguished persons of her day. Dr. John ■\Valker calls her " The most ingenious Mrs. Astell ;" Henry Dodwell styles her "The admirable gentlewoman, Mrs. Astell." Evelyn acknowledges the satisfaction which he derived from her writings. But as perfection is not for man — nor woman either, it seems — we must confess that Bishop Atterbury in writing to Dr. Smalridge complains in this wise: " I happened about a fortnight ago to dine with Mrs. Astell. She spoke to me of my sermon, and desired me to print it ; and after 1 had given the proper answer, hinted to nie that she should be glad of perusin:^ it; I complyed with her, and sent her the ser- mon next day. Yesterday she returned it with this sheet of re- marks, which I cannot forbear communicating to you, because I take 'em to be of an extraordinary nature, considering they came fjoin a woman. Indeed one would not imagine that a woman had written them. There is not an expression that carries the least air of her sex from the beginning to the end of it. She attacks me very home, you see, and artfully enough, under a pretence of taking "my part against other divines, who are in Hoadley's Mea^ euros. [Probably it was the sermon against Uish<

    th.in with the ordin.Trv illustrations of n.atural history, in which ;iMiiii:ils .-ii'iirar as spiritless as if they had been sitting for their ix.rtraits, without admiiiiig his taste and skill. ... If Mr. Audubon had contented himself with Linnean descriptions, he would have h.ad the honour of discovering more birds than readers." — A'. Ameriatn Review. "The hearts of all warmed towards Audulxtn who were capable of conceiving the difficulties, dangers, and sacrifices, that must have been encountered, endured, and overcome, before genius could have embodied these, the glory of its innumerable tri- umphs. . . . The m.an himself is just what you would expect from his production : full of fine enthusiasm, and intelligence, most in- teresting in his looks and manners, a perfect gentleman, and esteemed bv .all who know him for the .simplicity and frankness of his nature. He is the greatest artist in his own walk that ever lived." — PiioFEssiin Wilson. " .'Vudubnirs woiks are the most splendid monuments which art has erected in liminur of ornithology." — Cuvier. Auerell, Wm. A wondcrfuU and straunge Newes, Lon.. 1583. A maruailous Combat of Contrarieties, 1588. Four notable Histories. 1590. Aungell, Jno. The Agreement of the holye Fathers anil Doctors of the Chnrche vpon the ehiefcst Religion, Lon.. 1555 ; dedicated to " Q. M:irye. wyfe to Phillip." Aungerville. Sec Richard de Etinv. Aurelius, Abr. Liber Johi Poetica Metaphr.asis Ex- plicatus. Lon.. 1632. Epithnlamium in Nuptias Frederici V. et Eliz. Jacobi. Regis, Filia>, Lon., 1634. Austen. The Loiterer : a Period. Work, Oxf., 17S9-90. .\usten, .lane, 1775-1817, was a native of Steventon, in Hamiishirc, of which place her father was rector for 40 years. Her novels are held in high estimation. She wrote Sense and Sensibility. Pride and Prejuilice, Mans- field P.ark, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion: AUS AWD the last two were posthumous j the first four were pub. anonymously. '■ K-nior and Austen have given portraits of real society far su- poriur to any thing vain man has produced of the like nature. I ri-ad again, and, for the third time. Miss Austin's very iinely written novel of Pride ajid Prejudice. That young lady had a talent for descril>ing the involvements, feelings, and cha- rai-ters of ordinary life, wtiich is to me the must wonderful I have ever met with. The big bow-wow 1 can do myself like any one going; but the exquisite touch, which renders common-place things and charact^^rs interesting from the truth of the descrip- tion." ami the sentiment, is denied to me. What a pity so gifted a creature died so early V'Sir Walier .Scotfs Duiry. '- Her works may be safely recommended, not only as among the most unexceptionable of their class, but as combining, in an eminent degree, instruction with amusement, though without the direct ellort at the former, of which we have complained as some- times defeating its object. For those who cannot or will nut ham any thing from productions of this kind, she has provided enter- tainment which entitles her to thanks ; for mere innocent amuse- ment is in itself a good, when it interferes with no greater, especi- ally as it may occupy the place of some other that may not be in- nocent. The Kastern monarch, who proclaimed a reward to him who should discover a new pleasure, would have deserved well of mankind had he stipulated that it should be blameless. Those, again, who delight in the study of human nature, may improve ill the knowledge of it. and iu the pmtitiiMi' appliiation of that knowledge, by the perusal of such tins as tUnyLi before us."— Arciihisiiop Weh.tf.ly: Qu-irtTly lienew^ INJl. Austen, Ralph, d. 1676. Treatise of Fruit Trees, kc.y and the Spiritual use of an Orchard, or Garden of Fruit Trees, set forth in divers similitudes, Oxf., 1673, commended by the Hon. Robt. Boyle. Dialogue. &c.. be- tween the Ilusb'n and Fruit Trees in his Nur.-5eries. 1676. Austin, Adam. On Electricity; Ess. Pbys. and Lit. Austin, Benj. Work on the Trinity, Lun., 1650. Austin, Benj., 1752-182U, a violent democratic writer of Boston, U. S. America. His political writings, pub. iu the Chronicle, under the signature of " Old South," were collected in a vol. 1S03, under the title of " Consti- tution.al Republicanism." Austin, Gilbert. Sermon. Dub.. 1791. Chironomica, Lon., 1SU6. Con. on Natural Thilosuphy to Phil. Trans, and Trans. Iri.-^h Acad. Austin, James Trecotliie, b. 1784, Boston. Life of his father-in-law, Elbridge Gerry, with contemporary letters to the close of the American Revolution, Bost., 1S28, 8vo. Numerous addresses, discourses, ifec. Austin, John, d. 1669, a writer of the time of the Commonwealth. The Christian Moderator, or Persecution for Religion condemned by Wm. Birchley, Lon., 1651. "In this the author frequently attacks the doctrine of the pope's deposing power." — C. liiTLER. Among other works he pub. an Answer to Tillotson's Rule of Faith. Austin, John. Con. to Trans. Sue. Arts, 1S06. Austin, John. The Province of Jurisprudence De- termined, Lon., 1832. '■This is acknowledged to be one of the most valuable contribu- tions to the philosophy of Law and Legislation that has been pro- duced in modern times, and entitles the author to rank with the satyrical wits of this university, who. having easily got some of his prose and poetry, served him as the wits did Tho. Coryate in his time, and published them under these titles, Naps upon Parnassus. A Sleepy Muse Wipt and Pincht, though not Awak- ened, &c., Lon., 16yt>, Oct. Characters — printed with the former. Both which were ushered into the world by more than twenty copies of verses (advantaging the sale of the book) by such that had the name of. or at least pretended to be, poets." " A Panegyric on K. Ch. II., l.oii., lilt 11, Oct., wherein, just aft^r the preface, he promised to publish smne poems, conditionally the same Paneg. totremely conceited of his own Morth. and over-valuing his poeliral fancy, more than tliat of Cleveland, who was then accounted by the Bravadoes tho Hectoring Prince of Poets, fell into the hands of i Jesus Christ, 1807. 4. Peter Kugg, the Missing Man. Anther, John. Divine litems on Various Subjects. Auvergne, E. D'. See D'Auvbugne, Avenant, D'. See Davenant. Avery, Benj. Sermon on Micah vi. 5, 1773. Aveshury, ISobt. de, d. i:i56, an early English his- torian, lie styles himself Register of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Court. Roberti de Avesbnry Historia dc ,Mira- bilibusGestisEdwardi Ill.hactenus inedita h Th. Heurne, Oxon., 1720. Appendicem etiam subvexuit in fpia inter aliacontinentur. Letters of King Henry VIII. to Anne Uo- leyn. Avesbury's history comes down no farther than lo56. ■• In this work we have a plain narrative of facts, with an appa- rent candour and impartialitv ; liut his chief excellence lies iu his accuracy in point of dates, and his stating all public actions from records, rather than from his own nutions." — Chalmers. Avison, Chas., 1710-1770. an ingenious English musician. An Essay on Musical Expression, Lon., 1751. " An amusing and ingenious performance, written with a view of exalting tieminiiini. Marcello. and Itauieau, at the expense of llandel. Shortly after appeared Kemarks, (by Hayes,; to which Avison replied." — Lowndes. Awbrey, Tim. Sermons, pub. 1715-31. Awdeley, John, a printer of some note between the years 1559-1580, "appears to have been an author of se- veral productions, serious ballads, and short moral pieces. ... An Epitathe upon the Death of Mayster John Viron, 1562. A Poem upon Eccl. xx., *Kemember death, and thou shalt never Sinne/ 1569. ' The Cruel Assault of God's Fort:' without date. Some original stanzas before Gre- AWS gory ScotVs Brief Treatise against certayne Errors, 15741."' — R'ise's Biog. Diet. Awsiter, John, M.B. Prof. Works, Lon., 1763-69. Axferd, John. Coins, Weights, and Measures of the Bible. Ayckbourn, Hubert. The New Chancery Practice; a condensed Treatise of the Practice of the Court of Chan- cery, as altered by the recent statutes and orders j 2ded. In connexion with T. Ayckbourn, Chancery Practice j 5th ed., 1S55, 12mo. Furms of Proceedings in Chancery, 13mo; 5th ed., 1855. Ayerigg, Benj. Wedding Sermon, 1 Cor. vii. 20, 1715. Ayers, Ph. The Fortunate Foul. Ayerst, Wm. The Duty and Motives of Praying for Peace. Ps. cxxii. 6-9. 1712. Aylesbury, Thomas. Sermons, pub. 1622-59. Aylesbury, Wni, Trans, into English, Davila's His- tory of the Civil Wars of France. " The kin;; [Charles I.] was pleased to command him to translate Davila's History, (he beinf; a perfect master of the Italian lan- guage.) which he did with liie assistance of his constant friend, Sir Charles Cotterel." Aylett, Geo. Surgical Works, Lon., 1744-59. Aylett, Robl, LL.I)., a Master in Chancery. Peace with her four Garders; (including Susanna, &c.,) Lon., 1622. A Wife not ready made, but bespokea, 1653. A poetical Pleading for and against Marriage. Divine and moral Speculations, 1654. Devotions ; viz. : 1. A good Wo- man's Prayer. 2. The humble Man's Prayer, 1655. See Censura Literaria; Rostituta; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Dr. Aylett gives the following as liis own epitaph. " Hiec suprema dies, sit mihi prinui quies." " Lord ! let this lust be my first day of rest." — Restitutn. Wood states that it was the common report that Bobt. Aylett was the author of Britannia Antirpia lUustrata, published under the name of his nephew. Aylett Sammes. When speaking of this unlucky gentlemen, old Anthony ** remembers his swashing blow," and disposes of him in the following trenchant style: '• The common report then was, that not he, but his quondam Uncle, was the aiitljor; and to confirm it, was his great ii^norance in Matters and Itooks of Antiquity. I was several times in his company when he spent sonae weeks this Year in Oxon., and found him to be an impertinent, pirninci;. [srinnini;.] and podanlical cox- eomb: and so li^norant of Authors, that he never heard, before I mentioned it to him, of the great Antiquary, John Leland, or of his printed or manuscript Works, nor any tbiuf^ of Baleus; nor could he giTG any account of Authors that are quoted in the said Brit- tannia Antiqua lUustrata, Ac." Ayleway, or Ayleworth, Wm. Epithalamia in Nuptias Caroii II., Lon., 1652. Sermon, 1662. Metaphy- sica Scholastica, *fee., Colon., 1675. Ayliffe, John, LL.D., a Fellow of New College in Oxford, pub. The Ancient and Present State of the Uni- versity of O.xford, (Lon., 1714,) compiled chiefly from Wood's History of Oxford. The work gave so much offence from alleged aspersions and misrepresentation.-*, that an order was decreed consigning it to the hands of the hang- man to be burnt, and Ayliffe was degraded, and expelled the University. In 1716 he pub. an account of this matter in this " Case." He also gave to the world, 1. Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani. 1726; 2. The Law of Pawns, Lun., 17:52; A New Pandect of the Koman Civil Law, 1734. "Ayliffe's work, thoui^h learned, is dull and tedious, and stuffed with superfluous matter, delivered in a most coufused manner." — Prefacf to Broum's Civ. Law. Aylmer,G.J. Introduc. to Prac. Arithmetic, Lon. ,1812. Aylmer, or /Elmer, John, 1521-1594, an eminent English prelate, was at one time chaplain to tho Marquis of Dorset, afterwards Duke of Suffolk, and tutor to his daughter. Lady Jane Grey. See Ascham, Roger. In the convocation hehl in the first year of Queen Mary, he was one of the six learned men who offered to dispute all the controverted points in religion against the most learned champions of the Papists. Obliged to leave his country, he found a quiet retreat at Zurich. Whilst abroad, he answered a treatise pub. by John Knox, at Geneva, in 155S, against the government of women. The title of this answer is sufficiently curious to be extracted : "An Harborowe for Ciithfull and trewo subiectes. against the late blowiie Blaste concerning the Gouermet of Wemen; wherein be confuted al such reasons as a straunger of late made in th;itbe- halfe. With a Brief Exhortation to Obedience. Strasb.. \^b9, 4to." Upon the accession of Elizabeth, he returned, and in 1562 was made Archdeacon of Lincoln, and in 1576 was promoted to the bishopric of London, upon the translation of Bishop Sandys to York. " lie was well learned in the languages, was a ready disputant, and a deep divine." — Athn. Oxon. Wood tells us of an instance of his tact in excitincr the 84 AYS jettention of an inattentive auditory, which device, or something e(fually efficacious, we commend to some preach- ers of our own day. " \\ hen bis Auditory grew dull and inattentive be would, with Bome pretty and unexpected conceit, move them to attention. Among the rest was this: He read a long Text in Hebrew, where- upon all seemed to listen what would come after such strange AVords, as if thev had taken it for some conjuration: then he shewed their folly, that when he spake English, whereby they might be instructed and edified, they neglected, and hearkened not to it; and now to read Hebrew, which they imderstood no word of. they seem'd carefid and attentive." Aylmer, John. Musse Sacra: sen Jonas, Jeremiae, Threni. et Danijv, Grteco redditt^e, carmine. Oxon., 1652. Aylmer, Justin. Assize Sermon : 1 Pet. ii. 7, 1704. Aylmer, Wm., a convert from Popery. A Recanta,- tion Scruiuu. on 2 Pet. ii. 1, against the errors of Popery, particularly Transubstantiation, *tc., Oxon., 1713. Aylofle, Sir Joseph, 1709-1781, adistiuguished anti- quary, was entered at St. John's College, Oxf. in 1724. He completed a Calendar of the Ancient Charters, and of the Scotch and AVelsh Rolls in the Tower of London, (pub. Lon., 17S0,) commenced by the Rev. Philip Morant, He contributed some papers to the Archeologia, {see vol. iii., pp. is.i, 2;j'j, 376,) and aided in editing second editions of Hearne's Leland's CoUecteana, his Liber Niger, and hia Curious Discourses. Mr. Thorp had the benefit of his ser- vices in the publication of the Registrum Roffense, in 1709. Ho also contributed to the publication of the So- ciety of Antiquaries, and to the Vetusta Monumenta. Mr. Gough, referring to his own Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain, thus deplores the loss of our author, to whom he applies a title which few men better deserved than Mr. Gough himself: " The Society of Antiquaries have published engravings of Five Monuments in 'Westminster Abbey, with an accurate description by the MontCiucon of Kngland, the late Sir .Joseph Ayloffe. When I reflect on his intimate acquaintance with every part of that valuable structure, and the opportunities he had for pursuing his inquiries thiie. I am at a loss whether to lament his reluctance to continue what he had so happily begun, or my own presumption in attempting to supply his knowledge by vain conjectures. lie closed a life devoted Ui the study of our National Antiquities be- fore three sheets of this work had passed the press; and it can only pay a tribute to his aliilities." — Nichols's Literary Anrcd'iti-s. " His extensive knowledge of our national antiquities and mu- nicipal rights, and the agreeable manuL-r in which he communi- cated it to his friends and the publii-, made him sincerely regretted by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance." Ayme, Isaac. Trichiasis admodumrara, Ac, Lon. ,16S4. Aymes, John. A Rich Storehouse for the Diseased, Lon., 1070. Ayray, Jas. A Sermon at the Spanish Ambassador's Chnpel, on John i. 19, 16S9. Ayre, John. The Mystery of Godliness, Lon., 1837- Ayre, Joseph. Christian Philauthro]u.-t's Pilgrim- age ; a Poem, Lou., 12mo. Nature and Origin of Dropsies, Svo. Disorders of the Liver, 8vo. Treatment of Cholera by Calomel, Svo. Dropsy in the Brain, Svo. Ayre, Wm, Memories of Alex. Pope, Lon., 1745; Four Ethic Epistles opposing some of Mr. Pope's Opinions of Man., 1752. Ayres, J. A. Legends of Montauk, 12mo, N. Y. Ayres, John. Works upon Arithmetic and Writing, 1693-1700. The most celebrated penman of his day. Ayres, P. Emblems of Love, 16S7; Poems, 1687; Fables, Lnn.. 16Sy. Ayres, \V. T. Notes on Blackstone's Com., Dub., 17S0. Severely criticized in the Lon. ^Monthly Review. Ayrton, John. Pharmacologia, or the History of Medical Substances. 1818. Ayrton, S. Practice in Bankruptcy, Lon., 1840. Ayrton, Edmund, d. 1808, an Eng. musical composer, Ayscoufih, Francis. Sermons pub. 1736-55. Ayscouj;;h, Geo. Edward, edited the Works of George, Lord Lyttleton, 1744: pub. Somiramis, a Tra- gedy, 1777 ; Letters from an Ofiicer, 1778. Aysconi^h, Philip. Sermon. Rom. i. 19, 1729, etc. Ayscough, Saml., 1745-1804, a clergyman, for about twenty years assistant librarian in tho British Museum. In 1783 Mr. Ayscough pub. Remarks on the Letters of an American Farmer, or a Detection of the Errors of Mr. J. Hector St. John. Ac. Charles Lamb refers to the work reviewed in a letter in 1805 : " Oh ! tell Ilazlitt not to forget to send me the American Farmer. I dare say it is not so good a book as he fancies ; but a book's a book." Catalogue of the MSS. Preserved in the British Museum, hitherto undescribed, consisting of 5000 volumes, &c., Lon., 1782. ''This elaborate catalogue is upon a new plan, for the excellence of whii-h an appeal may safely be made to every visitor of the Museum since the date of its publication." — CuAUIKRS. AYS AYS Mr. Ayscough, Dr. Maty, and Mr. Harper each contri- buted a third of the labour in the preparation of Catii- logiies Librurum Iiupressurum, qui in Museo Britaunico ad servantur, 2 vols, folio, 1787. In 1790, Mr. Stoekdale pub. a new edition of the works of Shakspeare. with a *' Copious Index to the remarkable Passages and Words," by Mr. Ayscough. The first octavo edition of the great bard in one volume was put forth by Mr. Stoekdale in 1784. Some objected to the bulk of the volume, and in the above edition a second title-page was printed for the convenience of those who chose to biud the work in two volumes. "But the most valuable circumstance attending this edition is the extensive index to Shakspeare, which occupies nearly 700 pa^es, . . . Indices, useful in ireueral. are still more so in the case of such authors as f^hakespeare, wlinse lanfruage has in many places become obsolete and oliscure from time. . . . An index, like the present, will often be fnund to throw more light on a dif- ficult passage of our cfU-l, rated bard, than all his commentators put totrether." — Lon. M^mthly Hericw, We need hardly say that Mr. Ayscough's index, and all other works of a similar character, have been entirely su- perseded by the invaluable Concordance to Shakspeare of Mrs. Mary Cowdeu Clarke. {See her name.) Mr. Ays- cough also compiled indexes for the Monthly Review, The British Critic, the first 56 yearly volumes of the Gen- tleman's Magazine, &c. "His labours in literature were of the most useful cast, and manifested a patience and assiduity seldom to be met with; and his laborious exertions in the vast and invaluable library of the British Museum, form a strikin^j; instance nf his zeal and indefati- gable attention. He soon acpiiivd tliat sli-ht d.-irree of knowledge in several langua^^es. and that tciliniral knnwledge of old books and of their authors, and particularly that skill in decyphering dif- ficult writing, which amply answered the most useful purposes of the librarian as well as the visiting scholar." — Chalmers. Mr. Ayscough died at his apartments in the British Mu- seum, Oct. 30, 1804. We avail ourselves of this oppor- tunity to recommend most earnestly to all authors and publishers the adoption, in all cases where books are of any permanent value, of a copious index. Which of our readers of a literary turn has not, perhaps a dozen times in a day, replaced a book on its shelf, in disappointment and disgust, knowing that some passage was there to which he wished to refer, but which, after an exhaustion of time and patience, he was unable to find from the want of a good index ? It is well remarked by the Lon. Monthly Review : " The compilation of an index is one of those useful labours for which the public, commonly better pleased with entertainment than with real service, are rarely so forward to express their grati- tude as we think they ought to be. It has been considered as a task fit only for the plodding and the dull : but with more truth, it may be said that this is the judgment of the idle and the shal- low. The value of any thing, it has been observed, is best known by the want of it. Agreeably to this idea, we, who have often ex- perienced great inconveniences from the want of indices, entertain the highest sense of their worth and importance. We know that, in the construction of a good index, there is tar more scope for the exercise of judgment and abilities, than is commonly supposed. ■\\ e feel the merits of the compiler of such an index, and we are ever ready to testify our thankfulness for his exertions." Authors and editors are often deterred from making an index by the fear of labour: but this is no excuse; if the book be worth publishing, it is worth an index, and the labour can be much reduced by system. " A youth of IS has transcribed the whole of Xenophon's Cyri Expeditio. in order to an Index; and has entered upon Thucy- dides for the same purpose. Another young man here has attacked Harduin's folio edition of Themistius: aiid the senior youths of Magdalen School in Oxford are jointly composing an Index to the first volume of Dr. Battles Isocrates. . . . Give me leave to ob- serve to you that experience has shown us a wav of saving much time (perhaps more than half of the whole time required) in trans- cribing an Author for an Index, by first transcribing all the words of a page, and then getting down the number of thepaireand line after each word of the page, instead of adding the number imme- diately as each word is written." (The learned Mr. Merrick in a letter to Dr. W barton.) — Nichols's Literary Anecdotes-, vol. iv. The following remarks abundantly support our position : " Those authors, whose subjects require them to be voluminous, wdl do well, if they would be remembered as long as possible, not to omit a duty which authors in treneral, but especially modern authurs. are too apt to neglect— that of appending to their works a good mdex. For their deplorable deficiencies in this respect, Proft-ssor De Morgan, speaking of historians, assigns the curious reason, ' that they think to oblige their readers to go throu<-h them from bemnning to end. by making this the only wav of coming at the contents of their volumes. Thev are much mistaken; and they might learn from their own mode of dealing with the writ- ings of others, how their own will he used in turn.' We think that the unwise indolence of authors has probably had much more to do with the matter than the reason thus humorously assigned ; hut the fact which he proceeds to mention is incontestably true! *l\0 WRITER (of this class) is so MrCH READ AS THE ONE WHo'maKKS A GOOD ixDEx.— OR SO MDCH cited."'~Henrt Eogers: The Vamlu and Glory of LiU'rature. Among modern works which might be mentioned as presenting copious indexes are Ball's edition of Robert- son's Works, Lon., 1840; Westley and Davis's edition of Gibbon's Decline and Fall, Lon., 1S;J7 ; some of the publi- cations of that enterprising bibliopole, H. G. Bohn, and many other works that might be cited. But of all full in- dexes within our knowledge, commend us to that appended to Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, where to eight volumes of text we have mure than fourteen hundred columns of index! This scale is, of course, too vast for general imitation, but it teaches a lesson to those who content themselves with giving a few lines of index to a vast body of text! But the greatest example of zeal in this line on record — the first index-maker in the world — is the Briti.sh House of Commons! In 1778 there were paid for compil-' ing indexes to the Journals of the House of Commons, the following sums: To Mr. Edward Moore, £6,400 as a final compensation for thirteen years' labour; Rev. Mr. Forster, £o,000 for nine years' ditto; Rev. Dr. Roger Flaxman, £3,000 for nine years' ditto ; and to Mr. Cunningham, £500 in part for ditto ; making a total of £12,900 ! Nor is this the end thereof. For we may say with Nestor — in another sense — " In such iv(!e.rcs, although small To their subsequent volumes, there is seen The baby figure of the giant mass Of things to come, at large." — Troilus and Oressida. To quote the same author, give us a good "index," and we will almost excuse an " obscure prologue." Of course, like all good things, indexes may be abused; the pretender will make them the end of his journey, whilst to the true student they will be merely the sign-posts of the road; such charlatans they were, who two centuries since excited the ire of Joseph Glanville, and caused him to exclaim : " Methinks His a pitiful piece of knowledge, that can be harnt from an index ; and a poor ambition to be rich in the inventory of another's treasure." — The Vaniti/ of Dogmntizing. Pope, too, tells us " How index-learning turns no student pale, Yet holds the eel of science by the tail." — Dunciad, B. 2. But we doubt if much harm was ever done in this way. The very ambition thus censured may lead to real acqui- sition, and often has. Watts appreciated a good index so highly, that he tells his reader, '• If a book has no index or good table of contents, 'tis very use- ful to make one as you are reading it." We may conclude this rather prolix (we hope it may prove to be a useful) article, by citing the authority of a man of letters, who was never excelled for a practical com- mon-sense view of subjects which engaged his attention. Dr. Johnson to Richardson respecting a new edition of Clarissa : " I wish you would add an index rerum^ that when the reader recollects any incident, he may easily find it, which at present he cannot do, unless he knows in which volume it is told: for Clarissa is not a performance to be read with eagerness, and laid aside for- ever; but will be occasionally consulted by the busy, the aged, and the studious; and therefore I beg that this edition, by which I suppose posterity is to abide, may want nothing that can fecili- tate its use. I am, sir, yours, &c., Sam. Johnson." It was excellently said by the learned Michael Mattaire — a Corypheus of index-makers himself; "Non est acutissimi. fateor. ingenii, non altissims eruditionis, Indices contexere. Majorem tamen nil molestiam editori. nil lec- tori utilitatem affert; cumque rei cujuslilit necessitas ex ipsius utilitate oriatur. et in eadem consistat; quidni affirmem nihil fere esse magis necessarium ? Non itacjue sum sollicitus. quantillo esse ingenio, quam parum eruditione videar valere. dum literatorum coumiodis ((Unnidducunque inserviam. In construendis a-dibus. operarius li;ija]nsi|ue, non minus architecto prodest."— jl/a«t(j"jf;'s iLj'ist. ad 1>. }\ Des Maizmiu^ ; cited at large in vol. iv. pp. 5Gi- 605 of Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. That true worthy. Fuller — Thomas the quaint^gives his testimony on the same side : "An Index is a necessary implement and no impediment of a book, except in the same sense wherein the Cari-iages of an Army are termed Impediments. Without this, a large Author is but a labyrinth, without a clue to direct the Header therein. I confess, there is a lazy kind of Learning which is only indicol : when Scholars (like Adders which onely bite the Horse-heels) nible but at the Tables, which are calces lihrortim. neglecting the body of the Book. But. though ihff idle deserve no crutches, (let not a'stafl' be used by them, but oji them.) pity it is the weary should be denied the benefit thereof, aud industrious Scholars prohibited the accom- modation of an Index, most used by those who most pretend to contemn it." — Wiiihies. The index to Nicholas Antonio's Bibliotheca of Spanish Writers has received great commendation: "I have quoted Mr. Baillet. who shews the value of it particu- larly. He had good reason for recommending even the Indexes, for they are very well formed and usefid. The Author has added a short preface to them, which shews his excellent taste and judo-- ment ; he has quoted there the thought of a Spanish writer. Indl- cem Libri ab Autore. Librum ipsum a quovis alio conficiendum esse. ' An Author ought to make the Index to his book, whereas the book itself may be wiitten by any person else.' The contrary method is generally taken ; Authors refer to others the pains of making alphabetical Indexes; and it must be owned that those AYS Gentlemen who are not patient of labour, and whose talent con- sists only in the fire and vivacity of imagination, had niut-h better let others make the Index to their works; but aman of jud':rment and application will succeed incomparably better in composinir the Tables to his own writings, than a stmn'^er can. There miL'ht he a variety of good directions griven for the compositi^m of these Ta- bles, which may be Justly called the soul of books.'"— Bu-i.k. When Baillet lauded Antonio's Index, he was like an epicure, who comDaends the dish which tickles his own palate. Baillet was such an admirer of a irood plurap Index, that when Hermant had him snugly in.«talled as Librarian to M. De Lamoignon, the uncouth helho Uhro- rum sets to work to make an Index, and an Index Rerum at that ! "Though troubled with a great pain in his le^js. which some- times grew very violent, and notwithstantlinir the manv visits he received, which continually interrupted his labouis. he applied himself with so much diligence to the drawing np of an Index of all the subjects treated of in the books in M. De I^amoignon's library, that he finished it in Au-^'ust, 1GS2, [about two years' la- bour.] That Index grew to such a length, by the additions he continued to make to it, that it contains thirty five volumes in folio, all written by M. Baillet himself. When' he had finished that laborious, but useful, work, he wrote a Latin preface to it, which he published. We find there an account of the manner in which he drew up that Index. lie promised in the same place to write an Index, or Catalogue, of all the authors, whose books were in M. De Lamoignon's library." Gruter's great work on Inscriptions — Inseriptiones an- tiquEe totius orbis romani in absoluti.«sinium corpus re- dactff. (1st edit., Heidelberg. 1602) — was not only greatly aided by Scaliger, but so anxious was this eminent scho- lar that the work should be complete, that he devoted ten months to writing an index of 24 classes. "If it appears surprising that so great a man should undertake so laborious a task, and which seemed so much below him. we ought to consider that such Indexes cannot be made but bv a very able man. To succeed in that task, it is necessary to under- stand perfectly the inscriptions, and know how to distinguish what is peculiar from what is common: and sometimes to illus- trate them by .'iome remarks, and explain the sense, not only of words, of which there remain but one or two syllables, but even of single letters." — Le Clerc : BihJinfh. Cfim'sie. After finishing his Index, Scaliger wrote the following epigram : '■ Si ijuem dura manet sententia -Tudicis. olim Damnatum rerumnis suppliciisique caput; Ilune ner|ue fubrili lassent Krirastula massa, Nee rigidas vexent fossa metalla manus. Lexica contexat : nam cetera quid moror? omnes Pa'narum facies his labor unus habft." Le Clere truly hints that it is not every man that can write, who is capable of making an Index : we have an amusing instance of the evils resulting from carelessness in this matter, in the case of "The writer who drew up the Index to Belechamp's Athenaeus. who says that Euripides lost in one day. his wife. t%vo sons, and a daughter, and refers us to page 60. where nothing like this is found: but we find in p.age (il. that Euripides going to Tcaria, wrote an epigram on a disaster that happened at a pea.'^int's house, where a woman, with her two sous and a daughter, died by eating of mushrooms. Judge, from this instance, what hazards those run who rely on Index-makers." — Batle, This only proves that we must have good Index-makers, not that we must do without such aids. Ayscu, Edward. See Asctt. Ayshford, Henry, M.D. Tabular Views of the Anatomy of the Tlunian Body. Lou.. 1810. Ayton, Richard, A Voyage round Great Britain, undertaken in the Summer of 1S13, and commencing with the Land's End. in Cornwall; the views taken by William Daniel. A.R.A., 1S14. Ayton, or Aytoun, Sir Robert, 1570-16.3S. a na- tive of Fifeshire. in Scotland, was the author of poetical pieces in several languages, viz. : Greek, Latin. French, and English. Among his productions are the following: 1. Ad Jacobum VI. Britanniarum Regem, Angliam peten- tem, Panegyris, p. 40 inter Delitias ipoetarum Scotorum, edit, ab Arturo Jonstouo. Amst., 1637, Svo. 2. Basia, sive strena ad Jacobum Ilaynm, equitem illustrissimum, p. 54. 3. Lessus in Funere Raphaelis Thorei, Medici, ct Poetse pnetantissimi, Loudini pestc extincti, p. 61, ibid. 4. Carina Caro, p. 63, ib. 5. De Proditioue Pulverea, qu£E inciditin diem Martis, p. 65, ib. 6. Gratinrura Actio, cum in privatum Cubiculum admitteretur, p. 66. ibid. 7. Epigramraata Varia, ib. S. Tn Obitum Ducis Bucking- amii, a Filtono cultro extincti. M.D.C. XXVIII. p. 74, ibid. Sir Robert was educated at St. Andrew's. He was em- ployed both at home and abroad in the service of -Tames I. and Ch.arles I. He was knighted by King James, and ap- pointed by him one of the gentlemen of his bed-chamber. and private secretary to bi^ (|ueen. Ben .Tonson declared to Drummond that Sir Robert had an affection for him, (Jonson.) Some of his English pieces, which have been highly commended for their style, were published in Wat- SB AYT son's Collection of Scottish Poems, (1706-11.) Aubrey remarks that Mr. John Dryden has seen verses of his, some of the best of that age, printed with some other verses. *' Aubrey further states that he was acquainted with all the wits of his time in England." He died at London, March. 1638, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, under a handsome monument of black marble. Aytoun, WiHiam Edmondstoune, b. 1S13. is a member of the Edinburgh bar. lie succeeded Mr. Moir as Professor of Literature and Belles Lettres in the Univer- sity of Edinburgh, where his lectures, distinguished by great ability and correct literary taste, are in high estima- tion. He is now editor of that sterling periodical, Black- wood's Edinburgh Magazine, to which he has long been a Vitlued contributor. A'um (/t yj/dwe Augustus Dun^hunner. Mr. Aytoun married a daughter of the gentleman who for so many years delighted the literary world as con- ductor of Blackwood — Christopher North, aliaa Professor Wilson. ■• At the time of the railway mania he flung off a series of pa- pers, the first entitled 'How we got up the Glen Mutchkin Rail- way.' descriptive of the doinRS in the Capel Court of l-dinbur^'h and (;ias.y;ow; papers which for broad, vigorous humour, and feli- litous settings forth of genuine Scotch character, are almost uuri- valled.^'— J/fn of the Tune. Mr. Aytoun wrote many pieces in the Book of Ballads, edited by Bon Gaultier, a «o;» de plume under which he and Mr. Theodore Martin have contributed to a number of periodicals. 1. Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers, and other Poems, Lon. and Edin., 1S49. The popularity of thia work is evinced by its having reached its 10th ed. in 1807. It has been printed in America. ■ I'rnfessor Aytoun has appreciated the wealth of his country's history in themes fur the historical ballad. . . . In the volume now before us, he puts forth a sustained power, which, in our estima- tion, places him in the foremost rank of the poets of his time. His lays combine the best iiualilies of Macaulay aud of William Miiller. They have all the histoiie truth and picturesque force of the former, with all the poetic fire and stately march of the latter. We feel, in reading these lays, that we are dealinjr. not with shadows, but with living men. We are swept back into the stirring times of old, when bi-ave hearts and his^h souls declared themselves in brave deeds: — when honour, self-denial, devotion, were living things; — when patriotism and loyalty were active principles, and the wor- ship of mammon had not shrivelled \ip the sons of men into self- seeking and sordid pride. We thank the poet who elevated out soul by a noble thought — by a delineation of some generous and lofty nature, woven from the visions of his own brain. We doubly thank him who liuks noble thoughts and noble deeds with some great historic name : — who places the hero living before us, till we can read his eye. aud hear his voice, and be swayed by his in- fluence. But above all do we thank him when he rescues some great name from dishonour, and drowns the slander forever in the torrent of our sympathies. This Professor Aytoun has done for two of the noblest, yet most misrepresented, names in i^cottish annals. -The Execution of Montrose' and "The Eurial March of Dundee,' are tributes of histoi'ical as well as of poetical justice to the two men of all others the most conspicuous for chivalrous vir- tue in the annals of modern Europe." — Dublin Universiti/ Maga- zine, xxxiii. 215. " The lays before us possess fluency, vigour, and movement, with an elevation of mind which is historical, if not poetical; they \\:iw the piilish and the skill in the use of figures which might be (■X|)''L'tfd tVom the professor of rhetoric aud belles lettres; they are animated by the sentiment of .Tacolatism which is reviving among .1 cei-tain class of well-minded snbjrfts of Queen Victoria; and they not only displ.ay the common knowledge of history, but show, in the prose introductions, that Mr. Aytoun has investigated and thought for himself." — Lfindnn SpecUitor. " Professor .\ytoun h.as selected his ballad themes from striking incidents and from stirring scenes in our mediaeval .Scottish histo- ry: some remote as the field of Flodden; others as recent as that of Brummossie Muir; and he has thrown over them the light of an imagination at once picturesque and powerful. . . . The perfer- vidum ingenium Protnrum — that burning, irrepressible energy of character which, whether directed towards good or towards evil, has ever distinguished our country — breathes throughout all his Lavs, and lends even to stern tact the etherealizing hues of fiction."' — T>. M. IMom: Sketc?ies of the Fbeticat Literature of the Fiist Half- avtin-ij. '■ Finer ballads than these, we are bold to say, are not to be found in the language." — Lf/ndon Times. " A volume of verse which shows that Scotland has yet a poet. Full of the true fire, it now stirs and swells like a trumpet tone — now sinks in cadences sad and wild as the wail of a Highland dir^e." — Lon. QuarttTl}/ i?fciVi«. 2. Fermilian ; a Spasmodic Tragedy, by T. Percy Jones, 1854, Edin. and Lon., 12mo. " It is designed to satirize some modem manifestations of a most false and extravagant taste in poetry; and, although the parody is somewhat long and elaborate, there runs throughout such a happy vein of humour, and the harmony of the verse is so full and tlowing, that the reader's interest is never allowed to flag." — JVedin. li^\'., Oct. 1S54. 3. Poland, aud other Poems. 4. Bothwell ; a Poem; 2d ed.. 1856, Svo. 5. Life and Times of Richard the First. King of England, 1840, Svo. (i. Ballads of Scot- laud, 2 vols. fp. Svo, 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, 43. BAB BAB B. Babbage, Charles, b. 1790, an eminent mathe- matician, tjntcreil at Trinity CuUei^e, Camljridge, where he took his dL';^refs, — that ut' B.A. in 181-4; was appointed Lucasian Pn>fL'3sor in the Univ. of" Camb., 1S2S; resigned in 1839 ; a member of the principal scientific societies of the workl. Fur a full account of Mr. Babbage's Calculating Machine, sec Calculating Machines, — Division Arts and Sciences, English Cyclopedia. The following complete list of his writings has been prepared with care: 1. The I'refiice, joiDtly with Sir John Ilerschel; and (2) Con- tinued Products, in Mt-moirs of the Analytical Society, 4to, Camb., 1813. 3. Essay towards the Calcuhis of Functions ; Phil. Trans., 1815. 4. Essay tttwards the Calculus of Functiona, Pt. 2; Phil. Trans., 1816. 5. Demonstrations of some of Dr. Matthew Stewart's General Theorems ; to which is added an Account of some New Properties of the Circle; Iluy. Inst. Jour., 1816, vol. i. 6, Observa- tions on the Anal- 'gy wliich subsists between the Calculus of Func- tions and other Branches of Analysis; Phil. Trans., 1817. 7. Solu- tion of some Problems by means of the Calculus of Functions; Roy. Inst. Jour., 1817. 8. Note respecting Elimination; Itoy. Inst. Jour., 1817, p. 355. 9. Account of Euler's Method of Solnng a Problem relating to the Knight's Move at Chess; Roy. Inst. Jour., 1817. 10. Some New Methods of Investigating the Sums of Several Classes of Infinite Series; Phil. Trans., 1819. 11. Demon- stration of a Theorem relating to Prime Numbers; Edin. Phil. Jour., 1819. 12. Examination of some Questions connected with Games of Chance; Trans, of Roy. Soc. of Edin., 1820, vol. ix. 13. Observations on the Notation employed in the Calculus of Func- tions; Trans, of Camb. Phil. Soc, 1820, vol. i. 14. Application of Analysis, &c. to the Discovery of Local Theorems and Porisms; Trans, of Roy. Soc. of Edin., vol. is. 15. Letter to Sir H. Davy, P.R.S., on the Applicjition uf Machinery to the Purpose of Calcu- lating and Printing Mathematical Tallies, 4to, July, 1822. 10. Note respecting the Application of Machinery to the Calculation of Mathematical Tables ; Memoirs of the Astrou. Soc, June, 1822. vol. i. 17. Theoretical Principles of the Machinery for Calculating Tables; Brewster's Edin. Jour, of Science, 1823, vol. viii. 18.5*b- servations on tlie Application of Machinery to the Computations of Mathematical Tables. Dec. 1822; .Memoirs of Astron. Soc, 1824. vol. i. 19. Determination of the General Term of a New Class of Infinite Series ; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc, 1824, vol. ii. 20. Observa- tions on the Measurement of Heights by the Barometer; Brew- ster's Edin. Jour, of Science, 1824. 21. Account of the Repetitiun of M. Arago's Experiments on the Magnetism Manifested bv Va- rious Substances during Rotation, by C. Babbage, Esq., ami Sir John Herschel, Bart.; Phil. Trans.. 1825. 22. Diving-Bell; Encyc. Metrop.. 1826. 23. Electric and Magnetic Rotation; Phil. Trans.. 1826, vol. ii. 24. Method of Expressing by Signs the Action of Machinery; Phil. Trans., 1826, vol. ii. 25. Influence of Signs in Mathemarical Reasoning; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc, 1826, vol. ii. 26. Notation; Edin. Encyc 27. Porisms; Edin. Encyc. 28. Trans- lation of the Differential and Integral Calculus of La Croix, 1 vol. 29. E.xamples to the Differential and Integral Calculus, 2 vols. 8vo. These two works were executed in conjunction with the Rev. G. Peacock, Dean of Ely. and Sir John Herschel, Bart. 30. Compara- tive View of the Different Institutions for the Assurance of Life, 8vo, 1826. A German translation of this work was published for the purpose of establishing at Gotha a society for the assurance of lives. 31. A Table of the Logarithms uf the Natural Numbers, from 1 to 108,000, 8vo. 1826. These logarithms were used by the computers in the whole of the trigonometric survey of Ireland, and in that part of the English survey subsequent to their publica- tion. There have been several impressions on different-coloured paper. — white, yellow, and fawu. Editions also have been pub- lished on white, yellow, and gieen paper, with the Preface and In- troduction translated into the German and Hungarian langriages, 1834. 32. Notice respecting some Errors common to many Tables Of Logarithms; Mem. Astron. Soc, 4to, 1827, vol. iii. 33. Essay on the General Principles which Regulate the Application of Ma- chinery; Encyc. Metrop. 34. Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, .nnd on some of its Causes. 4to and 8vo, 1830. 35. Examples of the Solution of Functional Equations, 8vo. 36. Sketch of the Philosophical Characters of Dr. Wollaston and Sir H. Davy; extracted from the Decline of Science. 37. Letter to T. P. Couite- nay on the Proportion of Births of the two Sexes amongst Legiti- mate and Illegitimate Children: Brewster's Edin. Jonr. of Science, vol. ii., 1829. 38. Economy of Manufactures and Machinery, 8vo, 1832; 4th ed. There are American reprints, and several transla- tions of this woik into German, French. Italian, Spanish, and Russian. 39. Letter to Sir David Brewster on the Advantwge of a Collection of the Constants of Nature and Art; Brewster's" Edin. Jour, of Science. 1832, vol. vi. p. 334. Reprinted by order of the Briti.sh Association for the Promotion of Science, Camb., 1833. See also pp. 484, 490.— Report of the Third Meetin;; of the British As- Bociation. 40. Letter, written in Cvpli'-r. from .Mr. Abraham Sharp to Mr. J. Crostbw;,it. 2.1 K.b. 1721-JJ. n-bitiv tn a Suipposed Error In the Division »t' tlie Mural Arc at (Jn-rnwicli. D.-cyjiliered by Mr. Babbage. See Life of Flanisteed by Mr. F. Baily." Appendix, pp. 34S, 390. 4to, 1835. 41. Specimen of Logarithmic Tables, printed with different-coloured inks and on variously- colon red papers, in 21 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1831. The object of this work, of which one single copy only was printed, is to ascertain by experiment the tints of the paper and colours of the inks le.ist fatiguing to the eye. One hundred and fifty-one variously-coloured papers were chosen, and the same two pages of my stereotype Table of Loga- rithms were printed upon them in inks of the following colonra: light blue, dark bhie, light green, dark green, olive, yellow, hght red, dark red. purple, and black. Each of these twenty volumes contains papers of the same colour, numbered in the same order; and there are two volumes printed with each kind of ink. The twenty-first volume contains metallic printing of the same specimen in gold, silver, and copjjer, upon vellum and on va- riuu.'ily-coloured papers. For the same pui-pose, about thirty-five copies of the complete table of logarithms were printed on thick drawing-paper of various tints. An account of this work may be foimd in the Edin. Jour, of Science. (Brewster's,) 1832, vol. vi. p. 144. 42. Barometrical Observations made at the Fall of the Staul>- bach, by .Sir John Herschel, Bart., and C. Babbage. Esq.; Brew- ster's Edin. Jonr. of Science, 1832, vol. vi. p. 224. 43. The Ninth Bridgcwater Treatise, 8vo, May, 1837 ; 2d ed- Jan. 1838. 44. Essay on the Principles of Tools for Turning and Planing Metals, (inserted in the second volume of Turning and Mechanical Mani- pulation of Charles Holtzapfel.) 1846. 45. Observations on the Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli, near Naples, with an attempt to explain the causes of the frequent elevation and depression of large portions of the earth's surface in remote periods, and to prove that those causes continue in action at the present time; Proceedings of the Geological Society, 1847. 46. The same Me- moir, with a Supplement,— ConJHctures on the Physical Condition of the Surface of the Moon. Svo: privately printed", 1847. 47. The Exposition of 1S51 ; or. Views of the Industry, Science, and Qw vernment of England, 1851, Svo. Babeock, J. S. Visions and Voices, 12mo, Hart. Babcr, Ucv. H. H. WicklifTc's Trans, of the New- Testament, Lou.. 1811. Psalterium Gr^ecum, a Codice MS. Alexandrino, Lon.. 1812. Mr. Eaher published this (by subscription) as a portion of the remainder of the task left unfinished liy Woide. Twelve copies were printed upon vellum, to match with the same number of vellum copies of the New Testament published by his predeces- sor. Mr. Baber, with praiseworthy zeal, was desirous of completing tho Old Testament; but this "enterprise of great pith and moment" was more than Mr. Baber could himself, with any propriety, he expected to assume. The trustees of the British Museum applied to Parliament for protection in supplying the means to complete the under- taking. Tho application was successful : and this great work — Vetus Testamentum Gra^cum ex Cod. MS. Alexan- drino. cura et labore H. II. Baber, A.M. — was completed in 1828, (1816-28,) in 4 vols, fob, published at £36 lbs. " The types cast in metal by Jackson for Woide are quite fresh and perfect; and, instead of tlie contracted various readings in the margin being spun out by the letters in fidl, (as Woide has given them.) fac-sindles of such various readings, cut in wood, are in- serted precisely in the places where they occur, filling up only the same space with the original. The tail-pieces, or rude arabesque ornaments at the end of each hook, are also represented by means of facsimiles in wood; so that the identity of the original is per- fectly preserved. "• the work, when complete, will consist of 4 folio vohimes,— three of the text of the Old Testament, witli a fourth containing prole- gomena and notes. The subscribers for the vellum copies are: *• His Majesty's Library. Sir M. M. Sykos. Bart. "The French King's Library. John Dent. Esq. "The Royal Library of Berlin. Turner. Esq.. Trin. Coll.. Dubl. "The Archbishop of Canterbury. Longman, Hurst k Co., (Pen- tateuch only.) *'The Duke of Devonshire. The Author. " The Earl Spenser. (One copy undisposed of.)'*— Dibdin's Biblio- graphical Decameron. 250 copies were printed on paper: the price of the vel- lum copies was 184 guineas each. Babingtou, Beuj, Trans, of Gooro Paramatan, Lon., 1820. Babin§:ton, Gervase, d. 1610, successively Bishop of Llandafl', Exeter, and Worcester. Comfortable Notes upon the Five Books of Moses. Exposition upon the Creed, the Commandments, and the Lord's Prayer; with a Conference between Man's Frailty and Faith, and three Sermons: printed in one 4tovol. ; again, with additions, in 1615 ; again. 16;:17. Babin^ton, Humphrey. Serm. on Pa. ci. 1, 1678. Babington,Jno. (ic'-metry and Fireworks. Lon., 1656. Babiiigton, R. The Law of Auction, Lon.. 1826. Babington, M' m., M.D.. 1756-18.33. 1. Systematic Arrangament uf Minerals, 1795. 2. New System of Mine- ralogy, 1799. 3. Syllabus of the Course of Chemical Lec- tures, 1802. i. Case of Exposure to the Vapour of Burn- ing Charcoal, 1809. Babin^ou, Zachary, Advice to Grand Juries in Cases of Blood, from Law and Keason, Lon., 1677. BAG Bachc, Alexander Dallas, one of the most distin- giii.-^liL-d pliilu.'^Mplifrs nf the uiuetceiith eeiitiiiy. 1). July 19, 1806, in Philadelphia, a jiTeat-f^'iaiuls'ju of Dr. Beuj. Franklin; educated at the U.S. Military Auad., West Point; grad. with the highest honours, and became Lieu- tenant of EugincL-rs uf Furtiiication in lS2o: Pruf. Math, in Univ. Penna., 1827 ; organized High School of Phila., and Principal of it, 18-11-42; returned to Univ. Penna. 1842-43 as Prof, of Nat. Phih:is. and Chemistry ; resigned on being appointed President of Girard College, Phila. lie visited Europe to examine the systems of instruction there, the re- sults of which have been published in one large vol., Phila., 1839, Svo. A valuable work. In 1833 he edited an ed. of Brewster's Optics, with Notes, Phila.. 12mo; Observations at the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory at the Girard Coll., 3 vols. Svo, 1 vol. plates, 1840-45, Wash.. 1847. In 1S43, he was appointed Superintendent of the U.S. Coast Survey, which position he still occupies. flSSS.) "Under his energetic and wise direction it has been fruitful not only in practical bencftt to navigators, but in valuable contri- butions to geodetic and physical scii-nce." The Reports of the U.S. Coast Survey are pub. annually in one large vol. 4to, under the supervision of Professor B., to whose talents it owes its present high position among the learned of both Europe and America. He is a member of the principal scientific societies of the world, and received the medal of the Royal Geog. Soe. for 1858. His principal contributions are 35 valuable papers in the Proc. of the Amer. Ass. for the Advancement of Science, 1849-50-51-53-54-55-56-57-58; 19 papers in the Jour, of the Franklin Institute of Penna.. 1831-32-34-35-.S6- 42 ; 6 papers in the Trans. Amer. Phih Soc, 1834-35-37- 40, &c. ; Annual Reports to Treasury Bept. on Weights and Measures from 1844 to '56; Amer. Jour, of Science, 1832-33: Proc. Brit. Ass. for Adv. of Science. 1838. .fee. Bache, Mrs. Anna* 1. Clara's Amusements. N. York. 2, The Fireside Screen ; or, Domestic Sketches, Phila., 1843, 12mo. 3. Little Clara, 16mo. 4. The Sibyl's Cave, 5. Scenes at Home, 12mo. BachCf Franklin, M.D., eldest great-grandson of Franklin, b. in Philadulpbia, Oct. 25, 1792; grad. A.B. in the Univ. of Penna., 1810, and M.D., 1814; Surgeon's Mate, U. States Army, 1813, and full Surgeon, 1814; re- signed from the army and entered upon private practice in Phila.. 1816; Physician to the Walnut Street Prison. 1824- 36 ; Prof, of Chemistry in the Franklin Institute of Penna., 1826-32 ; Physician to the Eastern Penitentiary of Penna., 1829-3ti ; Prof, of Chemistry in the Phila. College uf Phar- macy, 1831—41 ; Prof, of Chemistry in Jeflerson Med. Coll. of Phila., 1841, which appointment he still holds (1S5S); President of the American Philos. Society, 1853-54. Author of: 1. A Svstem of Chemistry for the Use of Students of Medicine". Phila., 1819, 8vo. 2. Supp. to the Amer. ed. of Henry's Chemistry, forming vol. iii., com- piled from the addits. in last English ed., 1823. 3. Let- ter to Roberts Vaux on the Separate Confinement of Pri- soners, 1829, pamph. 4. Second do., pub. in Journal of Law, Oct. 1830. 5. In conjunction with George B. Wood, M.D., The Dispensatory of the United States, 1st ed., 1833, 8vo, pp. 1073; llth ed.. 185S, Svo. pp. 1583. 6. Intro- ductory Lectures on Chemistry, 1841, '43, '44, '48, '49, '52. Editor of; 1. In conjunction with Robert Hare, M.D., 1st Amer. ed. of Ure's Dictionary of Chemistry, 1821, 2 vols, in 1, 8vo. 2. A System of Pyrotechny, by James Cutbush, 1825, Svo. 3. In conjunction with others. North Amer. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1820-32, 12 vols.; and contrib. to vols, i., ii., iii., v., vi., viii., \x., x., xi. 4. Tur- ner's Chemistry; 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Amer. eds., 1830- 32-35-40. 5. Dr. Hare's Chemical Compendium, 1836. Contributor to The Aurora, 1811 {on Muriatic Acid); Memoirs of the Columbian Chemical Soc. of Phila., 1813, 8vo; Amer. Med. Recorder, vol. i., 1818, iv., 1821; Phila. Jour, of Health, 1830; Hays's Amer. Cyc. of Med. and Surg., 1834-36 (only two vols, pub.); in vol. i., eleven articles, in vol. ii., four articles ; Amer. Jour, of Phar- macy, vol. i., 1835, vol. viii., 1842, vol. iii.. N.S., 1855. Dr. Bache also trans, from the French M. Morand's Me- moir on Acupuncturation, 1825, 12mo ; and he was a member of the Pub. Com. of the U. States Pharmacopada, as pre- pared upon the decennial revisions of 1830, "40. and '50. Bache, R, The Manual of a Pennsylvania Justice of the Peace, Phila., 1810-14. The Case of Alien Enemies Considered and Deciiled. &c., 1813. Bache, Richard, 1794-1836, Captain of Ordnance U.S. Army. Notes .-n Colombia. 1822-23. PhUa., 1827, Svo. Bache, William. Inaugural Dissertation on Car- bonic Acid Gas, Pbila., 1794, 8vo. BAC Bachman, John, D.D., LL.D., b. 1790, Dutchesa CO.. N.Y., adistinguisbed naturalist; licen.sed to preach in 1813 : pastor of the German Lutheran Church in Charles- ton, S.C, from 1815 to the present time, (1858.) He was an associate of Audubon, (q-r.,) whom he assisted in tho preparation of his great work on Ornithology, and was tho principal author of the work on the Quadrupeds of North America, illustrated by Audubon and his sons. Defence of Luther and the Reformation, Charleston, 1853. Ser- mon on tho Doctrine and Discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1837. Design and Duties of the Chris tian Ministry, 1848. The Doctrine of Unity of the Humai Race Examined on the Principles of Science, 1850. Notice of the Types of Mankind, (by Nott and Gliddon ;) with an Examination of the Charges contained in the Biography of Dr. Morton, 1854. Examination of Prof. Agassi/.'s Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World, and their Relations to the Different Types of Men, 1855, Characteristics of Genera and Species as applicable to the Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race, 1854. Cata- logue of Phoenogamous Plants and Ferns growing in tho Vicinity of Charleston. S.C. See South Car. Med. Jour. Back, Sir George, 1796-1857, b. at Stockport, entered the navy at an early age. He accompanied Sir Jidin Franklin on his Northern voyage in 1818 and those of 1819 and '23 to explore the Arctic regions. In 1833 he undertook an overland journey in search of Capt. Ross. 1. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth of the Great Fish River and along the Shores of the Arctic Ocean in the Years 1833-34-35. " Of all the voyages of discovery entered upon within our recol- lection, none engaged public interest so thoroughly as the expedi- tion the fruits of which are before us." — Lon. Athen. 2. Perils and Escape of II. M. Ship Terror, 1838, Svo. Backhouse, James. Sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5, 1753. Backhouse, Thos. Surveys of Harbours in N. Scotia. Backhouse, \V, On Life Annuities, 1778. Jiackhouse, Win., Fellow of Christ's Coll. and Vicar 0^ Mcldreth. The History of the Man of God who was sent from Judah to Bethel : Sermon on 1 Kings xiii. I : a Caution against Religious Delusion, Camb., 17H3. Backhouse, \Vm., 1593-llif)2. a noted alchemist. He trans, from the French The Pleasant Fountain of Knowledge, 1044. The Complaint of Nature and the Golden Fleece; a trans, from Scdomon Trismosin, Master to Paracelsus. Backhouse adopted Elias Ashmole as hi.i snn in mvstical philosophy. Backus, Azel, D.D., 1765-1816, Pros, of Hamilton Coll.. New York. pub. Sermons. 1797-1813. Backus, Chas., D.D., 1749-1803. a native of Nor- wich. Cnnnecticut, pub. Sermons, 1795-1801, and a volume on Regeneration. Backus, Isaac, 1724-1806, a distinguished Baptist minister of Massachusetts, was b. at Norwich, in Con- necticut. His principal work is a History of New Eng- land, with particular reference to the Baptists, 1777-84. He pub. an Abridgment in 1804, bringing down tho work to that date. Backus, J. Laws rel. to Sheriff, Ac. in Conn. Bacou, Mr. An Ordinance for Preventing the Spread- ing (d" Heresies, presented to the House of Commons by him and Mr. Teat, with Observations thereupon, Lon., 1646. Bacon, of Gray's Inn. Rights of the Kingdnm, or Cus- toms of our Ancestors touching our Kings and Parliament, Lon., 1682. Bacon, Anne, 1528?-1600? was the second daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, the wife of Sir Nicholas BacoD. and mother of the illustrious Sir Francis Bacon, Baron Veru- 1am. It is worthy of observation that the four daughters of Sir Anthony Cooke all formed distinguished matrimonial alliances : 1. Mildred married Lord Burleigh ; 2. Anne, Sir Nicholas Bacon ; 3. Elizabeth. Sir John Russell, sui of the Earl of Bedford ; and, 4. Catherine, Sir Henry Kil ligrew. The subject of our memoir was eminent for learn- ing and piety, and well versed in the Greek, Latin, and Italian tongues. At an early age she translated from the Italian into English twenty-five sermons, written by Bar- nardine Ochine, concerning the Predestination and Elec- tion of God, published about 1550. She translated Bishop Jewel's Apology for tho Church of England, frum the ori- ginal Latin intIiatiuii in my own course, or better ad- vice for the alti-iiii.: nf nitii-rs wliich remain; foe it is great reason that that which is i?itended to the profit of others, should be guided by the conceits of others." The excellence of that which we possess makes us grieve that we have so small a proportion of that which the au- thor designed : " Though some great masters of the Law did outgo him in bulk and p.articularly in cases; yet in the science of the grounds, and mysteries of the Law, he was exceeded by none." — I'rffacf- to Black- ttotiK^s Anal, What an invaluable acquisition to the legal aud philoso- 2U Laws of this Land. This treatise has been praised as " Not only completely fitted for the improvement of such as study the Law, but also the Book in the world best calculated to give "every man of good sense and unliiassed judgment, both a ge- neral idea, and a good opinion of the Law, which is represented therein in that light which is at once the thirest, fullest, and most agreeable." The best-known law treatise of Lord Bacon is his Bead- ing on the Statute of Uses, which was delivered before the Society of Gray's Inn about the year 1600. This can be considered only an unfinished design : " A profound treatise on the subject, as iiir as it goes.*" — II.^RGBAVIE. The History of the Alienation Oflice has been cited as a proof of " How great a master he was not in one Law only, but in our History and Antiquities ; so that it ni.ay be justly said, there never fell any thing from his pen which more clearly and fully demon- str.ated his abilities." The History of Henry VII. has been censured by Dr. Johnson as evincing a want of care usual to the day : "It is but of late that Historians l>e.stow pains and attention in consulting records, to attiiin to accuracy. Bacon, in writing his History of Henry VII., does not seem to have consulted any, but to have just taken what he found in other histories, and blend- ed it with what he learned by tradition." But Bishop Nicolson, speaking of the authors who have written concerning the reign of Henry VII., cannot suffi- ciently commend our historian : "Tliis good work was most effectually undertaken and com- pleted liy the incoiii]Idi>m fails to remark in it something; overlooked before. This iiideiil is a characterisiic of all Bacon's wi-itiuRS, and is only to In- a.iimiited for by the ine-\hanstible aliment they furnish to our own thou;ihts. and the sympathetic ;U'tivity they impart to oui- tnipid tinmlties." — DugaVi S!iioaH, l.'-V Prd. Diss, to Enci/c. Brit. About the 26t:h year of his age. Bacon formed the first sketeb of the great work ivbich he dosigned completing in his " Instauration of the Seicuces." This sketch he enti- tled TciiiporHH Pa)-tu>t M'l.riiHHH ; The Greatest Birth of Time. In writing, towards the close of his life, to Father Fulgeutio, a learned Italian, who had asked of him au ac- count of his works, he remarks. '' Kquidem memini me quadia^iuta abhinc annis juvenile opus- culum eirea has res confecisse. ^uod ma'^'na prorsus liduci^ et lua:_niiIieo litulo, ' Temper is I'atrum Maximum,' inseripsi." The Treatise on the Advancement of Learning, wliich ■was the germ of the De Augmentis Scicutiarum, (pub. 1623,) was published in 1605. '■ In this, indeed, the whole of the Baconian philosophy may be said to be implicitly contained, except, perhaps, the second book of the Novum uriianum.'" De Sapientia Veterura [The Wisdom of the Ancients] 1609. '' AVritteu," as he says, "in the midst of a term and Parliament." " A work wlii'-h. if it had proceeded from any other writer, would have lieen con.sidered as a masterpiece of wit and learning, hut whi'-li adds little to the fame of Bacon.'" — T. B. MACviiLAV. In this work, he applies morally or politienlly " Most of the fables of the Greek Mythology, sometimes display- ing remarkable acufeness and penetratiftn; at other times au ex- uberance of fancy which amuses rather than instructs." Novum Organnm, 1620. This work was immediately honoured by " the warmest expressions of admiration from the alilest men of Europo." " riie L^filest of all his works, and the central pile of that edi- fi.'e of pliiliiMiphy on which the world has bestowed his name. The Nu\ uui (hganum was received with unbounded applause of the learned, both in his own and f jrei^n nations, and placed tlie lame of its author at onceabove that of every other livini; author." This work was valued by Bacon above all his other ■writings; twelve times was it revised, altered, and cor- rected, year by year, before publication. This ambitious title, iu which the author enters the lists with the ancient *'Organon," the logical text-book of Aristotle, shows the confidence which the modern philosopher entertained in tlie value of his improvements in the art of reasoning. This production is to be accepted as the second part of the Instauratio Magna, which he tells us was to be "the science of a better and more perfect use of reason in the investigation of things, and of the true aids to the under- standing;" in other words, an exposition of the inductive method ; what we now term the Baconian philosophy. The Novanum Organura by no means answers the ex- pressed design of the author. We mean that he has not filled his own sketch. " The aphorisms into which he has digested it being rather the heads or theses of chapters, at least in manv places, that would have been farther expanded. And it is still more important to observe that he did mit achieve the wb(.]i. nf this summary that he had prnmis.-d : but nut nf niru- di\ isi^.us nf bis method.' we only possess the lirst. wliich he denominates pra'ro;iitiv.'e. Ei','ht others, of exceedim; importance to lo^ic. he has not touched at all. except to describe them by name, and to promise more. . . . His termino- locry is often a little affected, and. in Latin, rather barbarous. The divisions of his prerogative instances in the Novum Organum. are not always founded upon int«-lli|2:ible distinctions. And the gene- ral obscurity of the style, neither himself nor his assistants bping good masters of the Latin languatre. which, at the best, is never flexible or copious enough for our philosophy, renders the perusal of hnth his great works too laborious for the impatient reader. Brui-kei' has well observed that the Novum Organum has been ne- glrrte.l bv tb-' ui-ueralit v. aud proved of far less .servicethan it would otbiTuise have been in philosophv. in conserjuence of these very defects, as well as the real depth of the author's mind."— H.\r,LAM. To the celebrated Sir Henry Wotton the author sent three copies of this book, which gift was rewarded by a very laudatory letter from this famous statesman, diplo- matist, and author. The Novum Organum has received the commendations of very eminent authorities, both in the author'.s own time, and in every successive generation. Like all productions of genius, it likewise elicited some censorious criticisms. "The geniuses lau'^'hcd at it, and men of talent and acquire- ment, whose studies had narrowed their minds into particular channels, incapable of understanding its reasonings, and appre- ciating its ori.'inality. turned wits for the purpose of ridiculing the new publication of the philosophic Lord Chancellor. Dr. An- drews, a forgott4?n wit of those days, perpetrated a vile pun upon the town and title of St. Aiban's, by saying, in some doggerel verses, that it was on the high road to Dunce table, i. e. Dunstable, and therefore appropriate to the author of such a book. Mr. (Se- cretary CutTe said tliat it was * a book which a fool could not have written, and a wise man would not.' King .James declared it was like the Feace of God — 'it passeth all understanding.' Coke wrote, under a device on the title page, of a ship passing through the pillars of Hercules, • It deserveth not to be read in schools. But to be freighted iu the ship of fools." " To such hypercriticism, the author's faithful friend in prosperity and atfiictiou — the friend who had rejoiced iu the rise, and wejjt over the fall, of *' England's High Chan- cellor," who not only participated in his festive ho.sjiitality in that " high day." when *' all things did about him smile," but entered into bis closet on his behalf, in his luiur nf darkness and disgrace, to pray that God would "give him strength in his day of adversity," — twice Bare Ben Jonson thus adverts, when he declares that the Novum Organum, '■Though by the most of superticial men who cannot get bL-- yond the title of Noniinals, it is not penetrated or understood, it really openeth all defects of learning whatsoever, and is a book 't.jui limgnm noto sci'iplori |jnnagat avum. 'To latesl (ime shall hand the author's name."" Morhof. in his Polyhistor. commends this work in the highest terms, remarking that he '■ Had found but very little in the books since written by English- men, the grounds of which ho had not long before met with in Bacon; the extent of his genius struck him with admiration, as it must do every man who takes the pains to understixud liitii; because, though this new knowledge of his be very difficult, and requires much study and applicatiou to master it, yet it leads to the knowledge of thinL's. and not of words." Voltaire is not behind in commendation : " The most singular and the l^est of all his ]iieces is that which is most useless and least read. I mean his Novum Scientiarum Organum : this is the scatl'old with which the new Philosophy was raised, and when the edifice was built, part of it, at least the scaf- fiild. was no longer of service. The Lord Bacon was not yet ac- quainted with nature, but then he knew, and pointed out, the Several paths that led to it." — LHtcrson the English Nniion ; '/notnl in (hf Biog. Brit. The whole of this excellent article should be perused. Let US quote the opinions of a few modern writers : '■ Though he possessed, in a most eminent degree, the genius of philosijphy. he did not unite with it the genius of the sciences ; the methods proposed by him for the investigation of truth, con- sisting entirely of precepts which he was unable to exemplify, had little or no elFeit in acceleiating the rate of discovery." — Coxdor- CET: in DiigiiUl Stf'i.-cn's I'-rl. Diss, to Encijc. Brit. " The merits of b'ac'o.as the father of Experimental Philosophy, are so universally acknowledged, that it would be superfluous to touch upon them here. The lights which he has struck out in various branches of tlie Philosophy of Mind have been much le.ss attended to. . . In the extent and accuracy of his phi/sical know- ledge, he was t;ir inferior to many of his predecessors; but he sur- passed them all in his knowledge of the laws, the resources, and the limits of the human understanding'." — Dcovld Stewart, ibid. '•"Without any di'^parau'eiueut to tln^ adiiiiialil.- treatise De Aug- mentis. we must say. that, in nur jinlL'Tin-nt. l5;iiou's greatest per- formance is the tir.st liook of the Novum Organum. All the pecu- liarities of his extraordinary mind are found there in the Iiighest perfection. Many of the aphorisms, but particularly those in which he gives examples of the intluenco of the idola. show a nicety of observation that has never been sui-passed. Every ]iart of the book blazes with wit. but with wit which is employed only to illustrate and decorate truth. No book ever made so great a revoluiion in the mode of thinking, overthrew so many prejudices, introduced so many new opinions." — T. 15. IMac.vulay : the reader should peruse and reperuse this admirable article. The De Augmentis Scientiarum, a translation of the Advancement of Learning, revised and enlarged, (sec onfr.) was published in 1623. The Biblical Simile of King James has been imputed to this, as well as the preceding, work. The tran.slation was made by Ben Jonson, George Herbert, and other friends. Apothegms, 1025. '• The best jestrbook ever given to t he public." — £t/in.7>*cu.,No. 132. Translation of Psalms into English Verse, 1625. " Aubrey declared Lord Bacon to have been a good poet, but in this work his piety is more to be commended than his poetry. It was dedicated to his friend, the incomparaltle George Herbert." Among his principal works may also be reckoned the Sylva Sylvarum and the New Atlantis. A list will be found in Watt's Bildiotheca Britannica. Mr. I^Iontagu's complete edition, published lS2o-34, comprises no les" than 17 volumes. As the reader will frequently find in notices of Bacon's philosophy references to the Instauratio Magna, or Instauration of the Sciences, we can hardly properly dismiss our subject without giving a brief programme (abbreviated from Mr. Haliam's excellent Introduction to the Lit. of Europe — a book which should be in every li- brary) of this noble project of Lord Bacon : " The Instjiuratio JMagna. dedicated to James, is divided, accord- ing to the masniticent ground-plot of its author, into six parts. " The first of these he entitles Partitiones Scienti i-um, comprc- hendinjx a general summary of that kind of knowlfidtre which mankind already possess: yet not iMi-r>join to the several rules of our method, but types and models, which place before our eyes the entire progress of the mind in the discovery of truth, selecting various and remarkable instances.' . . . " In the fifth part of the Instauratio Magna. Bacon had designed to give a specimen of the new philosophy which he hoped to raise after a due use of his natural history and inductive method, by way of anticipation or sample of the whole. He calls it Prodromi, give Anticipationes Philosophiie Secundae. And some fragments of this part are published by the names Cogitata et Visa. Cogitar tiones de Natura Rerum, Filum Labyrinth!, and a few more, being as much, in all probability, as he had reduced to writing. In his own metaphor, it was to be like the payment of interest till the principal could be raised; tanquam fcenus reddatur, donee sors haberi possit. '■ For he despaired of ever completing the work by a sixth and last portion, which was t^ display a perfect system of philosophy, deduced and confirmed by a lei^itiinate. sot>er. and exact inquiry, according to the method which he had invented and laid down. " 'To perfect this last part is above our powers, and beyond our hopes. We may. as we trust, make no despicable beirinnings: the destinies of the human race must complete it; in such a manner, perhaps, as men looking only at the present would not readily conceive. For upon this will depend not only a speculative good, but all the fortunes of mankind, and all their power." And with an eloquent prayer that his exertiniis may i>e reinlni'd t-fTertual to the attainment of truth and happimss. this intnidu^ tni y ( luiptrr of the Instauratio. which announces the distrilmlinn of its por- tions, concludes. Puch was the temple, of which Bacon saw in vision before him the stately front and decorated pediments, in all their breadth of light and harmony of proportion, while long vistas of receding columns and glimpses of internal splendour re- vealed a glory that it was not permitted him to comprehend. In the treatise De Augmentis Scientiarum. and in the Novum Orga- num. we have less, no doubt, than Lord Bacon, nnder dilTerent conditions of life. miL'ht have achieved; he might have been more emphatically the high-priest of nature, if he had not been the Chancellor of .Tames I.; but no one man could have filled up the vast outline which he alone, in that stage of the world, could have Bo boldly sketched." It is proper to refer to Bacon's celebrated division of Human Learnins;. into the three branches of — 1. History: 2. Poetry; aud 3. Philosophy; (vide De Aufjraentis Sci- entiarum. lib. i.,) connected with — 1. Memory : 2. Ima- gination : and 3. Reason. Bacon's Intellectual Chart has been corrected and improved by his ingenious disciple, D'Alembert. The subject is a tempting one for enlarge- ment, but we have already far exceeded our intended limits, and must refer our reader for information on this and other topics connected with the Baconian philosophy to the 1st and 3<1 Prcl Diss, to the Encyc. Brit. The names of Stewart and Playfair aflord a sufficient guaran- tee for instruction and entertainment. Having thus reviewed at some length the principal works of Lord Bacon, perhaps a fitting conclusion to our sketch will be a citation of some opinions, in addition to those we have presented, respecting an author who has been not extravagantly landed as the " Glory aud orna- ment of his age and nation :" "Though there was bred in Ulr. Bacon so early a dislike of the Phvsiology of AristoUe. yit he did not despise him with that pride and haughtiness with which youth is wont to In- pufTrd up. He had a just estei-m <\f that great master of Icaniiti^;, greater than that which Aristntle exprpssed himself towards the })biloso- phers that went before him ; for he endeavoured (some say) tostitle all their labours, designing to himself an universal monarchy over opinions, as his patron Alexander did over men. Our hero owned what was excellent in him. but in his inquiries into nature he proceeded not upon his principles. He began the work anew, and laid the foundation of philosophic theory in numerous expe- riments." — AacHbiSHOP Temson: Buconia. 92 BAG Gfe'orge Sandys, the poet and traveller, in his learned notes on his version of Ovid's Metamorphoses, acknow- ledges himself to be much bchuUlcu tu the De Sapientia Veterum, and styles the writer the " crown of all modern authors." " This plan as laid down by him looks liker an universal art than a distinct logic, aud the design is too great, aud the induction too lar^e to be made by one man. or any society of men in one age. if at all 'practicable. For whatever opinion he might have of the con- clusiveness of this way, one cross circumstance in an experiment would as easily overthrow his induction, as an ambiguous word would disorder a syllogism; and a man needs only make a trial in any part of natural history, as left us by my Lord Bacon, to see how conclusive his induction was like to have been. To say nothing, that notwithstanding his blaming the common logics, as being too much spent iu words, himself runs into the fault he condemns: for what else can we make of his Idula Tribus, Idola Specus, For^ Theatri; or of his instantije. solitaria\ migrantis, ostensivK, clan destina?, constitutiva?, nHa im'taniiarum sfcuvdum mogis H mavits. *It cannot have been the brandy which I took with them ; for I have drunk brandy daily for years without being the worse for it.' This X^iYie rejectio mdiiarum. Our invalid then proceeds to what is termed by Bacon the Yindemiatis. and pro- nounces that minced pies do not agree with him. We might go on to what are called by Bacon pr(prnffotiv(r instantiarum. For example: ' It must be something peculiar to minced pies, for I can eat any other pastry without the least bad effect.' This is the in- stantia ^iohtama. We might easily proceed, but we have already sufficiently explained our meaning." Now this is all very amusing, but whether it bave any other merit, we leave it to the reader to decide. We contend that this devotee to minced pies argues more like a philoso- pher who had profited by the inductive mode, (although perhaps ignorant of its terminology.) than "plain men who have never heard of Lord Bacon" are apt to reason. Fur- ther, it is not indispensable to a "plain man's" profiting by the Baconian system, that he should have hoard of Lord Bacon. It is with philosophy as with the light of the sun — thousands enjoy its advantages where one understands its nature. The question is whether the reveller in minced pies in the 19th century, be not more favourably situated for the correction of undue indulgence, than was bis brother epicure of the 16th century. Or whether a man who was put to bed by minced pies under the Organon of Aristotle, would not sitffer a daily repetition of the offence and pen- alty, instead of reasoning and abjuring, as does Mr. Ma- caulay's invalid, under the brighter dispensation of the Organon of Bacon. Besides, the whole business of life is not to luxuriate in minced pies: the Mart, the Forum, the Altar, and the Camp, all bave their duties and their codes, which, if based upon reason, may be perfected by induc- tion ; and unless Mr. Macaulay indited his able essay about Christmas-time, for the January number of the Edinburgh, we cannot conceive how he happened to select so odd an illustration of the i7}8tantiar7iin cotirciiitJifcin. But to be serious : we happen to remember a passage of Mr. Hallam's, bearing upon such objections as those advanced by Mr. Baker and Mr. Macaulay: whether meant for these gen- tlemen or not. we have no means of knowing, but his reflec- tions could not he more to the purpose: " Those who object to the importance of Lord Bacon's precepts in philosophy, that mankind have practised many of them imme- morially. are rather confirming their utility, than taking off much from their originality to any fair sense of that term. Every logical method is built on the common faculties of human nature, which have been exercised since the Creation in discerning, better or worse, truth fiiim falsehnod. and inferring the unknown from the known. That men might have done this more correctly, is manifest from the quantity of error into which, fn^ni want of na^^nning well on what came before them, they have h.Hbitoail> fiillen. In experi- mental philusophv. to which the more special rules of Lord Bacon are generallv referred, there was a notorious want of that very process of reasoning which be has supphed." — Jntrvduction to Lit. Europe, vol. ii. BAG Bushel, in his Abridgment of Bacon's Philosophical Theory in Mineral Prosecutions, gives a pathetic account of the sad fall of the Lord Chancellor : " Shortly after the king dissolved the Parliament, but never re- stored that matchless lord to his place, which made him then to wish the many years he had spent in state policy and law study had been solely devoted to true philosophy : for (said he) the one, at the best, doth but comprehend man's frailty in its greatest splendour; but the other the mysterious linowledge of all things created in the six days' work." ^ We need no voucher for the authenticity of this reflec- tion ! Itis Lord Bacon's! The image and the superscrip- tion are there ! We are told by Rushworth that _ •■ lie treasured up nothing for himself or family, but was over indulgent to his servants, and connived at their takings, and their ways betrayed him to that error : they were profuse and expensive, and had at their command wh.atever he wiis master of" •• Who can forbear to observe and lament the weakness and in- firmity of human nature ? To see a man so far exalted above the common level of his fellow-creatures, to sink so far below it ; to see a m.in who, like Seneca, gave admirable rules for the conduct of life, and condemning the avaricious pursuit after riches, and, whiit IS unlike Seneca, condemning them in his own person, and yet be defiled thereby."— Sc/j/wMs's Intrr,di:clion to Bamn's Letters. •' The Chancellor being convii-ted of hiiliery, pretends, as if being we.ary of honour, he would resi.-n hi.s place, being much loaded with calumnies."— 0(m(fcre'.s Ann, as ,,f King James. '• His great spirit was brought low. and this hnmili,ation mi-ht have raised him again, if his offences had not been so wei"btv°as to keep him down. . . . He was a fit jewel to have beautified and adorned a flourishmg kingdom, if his flaws had not dis"raced the lustre that should have set him o[f."— ITOson's Life and Eeian of King James. i^ j •■the Parliament was prorogued at Easter, from the 27th of March to the 18th of April, the nianiuis halving his eye therein upon the Lord Chancellor, to try if time could mitig.ite the dis- pleasure, which in both Houses was strong against him."— Hacket • Life of ArcMiishoj} JVilliams. An eminent authority remarks that •■ The Earl of S.alisbury was .an excellent speaker, but no good penman; Lord Henry Howard was an excellent penman, but no good spe.aker; Sir Francis Bacon alike eminent for both "—Sir W.\LTER R.U.E1QH. Lord Bacon committed his Orations and Epistles to the care of Archbishop Williams, who addressed him as follows • " Your Lordship doth most worthily, therefore, in preservin"- these two pieces among the rest of those matchless monuments you sh.all leave behind you: considering that as one age hath not hred your experience, so is it not fit it should be confined to one age, and not imparted to the times to come; for my part therein 1 do embrace the honour with all thankfulness, and the trust im- posed upon me with all religion and devotion." ■• Your Lordship bath done a great and everlasting benefit to all the children of N.ature. and to Nature herself in her utmost ex- tent of latitude, who never before had so noble nor so true an in- terpreter, or (as I am readier to style your Lordship) never so in- ward a Secretary of her cabinet."— i^rtcr^om Sir Henry Wotton on receiving a copy oftlie Nrnmm Orgamim. The University of 0-\ford, shortly after his fall, acknow- ledged, in the most laudatory terms, the gift of a copy of the De Augmentis Scientinrum : " P.ight honourable, and whiit in nobility is almost a miracle most learned Viscount! Your honour could have given nothinrr more agreeable, .and the University could h.ave received iiiitliin- more acceptable th.an the Sciences She readily acknowlr.l , 1 1," that though the IVIuses .are born in Oxford, they grow elscwh. re ■ grown they are, and under your pen, who, like some mi.rhtv Her- cules in learning, have by your own hand, further advanced those pi.lars in the learned world, which by the rest of that world were supposed immovable." Mr. Francis Osborn declares that Bacon was '•The most universal genius he had ever seen, or was ever like to see, had he lived ever so long. He was so excellent, so agree- able a speaker, that all who beard him were uneasy if he wa.s in terrapted, and sorry when he concluded Now this genenal knowledge he had in all things husbanded by his wit, and dir'ni- ned by so majestical a carriage, he was known to own, struck such an awful reverence in those he questioned, that they durst not conceal the most intrinsic part of their mysteries from him for tear of appearing ignorant or saucy : all which rendered him no less necessary than admirable at the Council-table, where in refei- ence to impositions, monopolies, kc, where the meanest manufac- tures were a usual .argument; and, as I have heard, did in this baffle tlie Earl of Middlesex, that was born and bred a Citizen ■ yet without any great, (if at .all,) interrupting his other studies' as IS not hard to be imagined of a quick apprehension, in which he was admirable."- ilfisceil. Works nf Francis Osborn \T>o .CJ^H A J""" ^",^'^1 ?"' entertained with some liberar.ialarv, nisbS ^tf""™" '"f";^'»"' of ™"rt and judicature, and f^^rl nished with sufBciency both of means and helps for the goin^ on of his design; which, h.ad it been, he might have given us such a body of N.atnral Philosophy, and made it so subsir, lent tS the BAG men's whole time, who had studied, .and practised, and governed the Common L.aw, who had ahvays lived in the crowd, and borne the greatest burden of civil business, should yet find leisure enough for those retired studies, to excel .all those men ivho sepa- rate themselves for this very purpose? He was a man of strong, clear, powerful imagination; his genius was searching and iS- vincible, and of this I need give no other proof than his style it- self; which, as, for the most p.art, it describes men's minds is well as pictures do their bodies, so it did his above all men living ■ the courseof it vigorous and majestic; the wit, bold and familiar- the comparisons, fetched out of the way, and yet the most easy ■ in all, expressing a soul equally skilled in men and nature." ' " The incomparable Jlr. Boyle spe,aks often of our author in his works, and alw.ays with honour; he styles him sometimes an il- lustrious, at others, an admirable and excellent. Philosopher, and which is a higher commendation th.an any phrase could have ex- pressed, ho often imitates him, and professes a desire of treading m his paths. Dr. Power, one of the most active and judicious among the first members of the Royal Society, in a learned treatise of his, places at the bead of his chapters the Latin text from the Lord \ erulam's works, to shew that all the honour he had claimed was to have prosecuted his views." "No trivial p.assages, [referring to the Life of Henry VII.,] such as are below the notice of a statesman, are mixed with his sa-'e remarks ; nor is any thing of weight or moment slubbered over with that careless haste and indilTerency which is too common in other writers. No allowances are given to the author's own con- jecture or invention, where a little pains and consideration will serve to set the matter in its proper and true light. No imperti- nent digressions, nor fanciful comments distract his readers ; but the whole is written in such a grave and uniform style, as be- comes both the subject and the artificer."— Bisnop NicoisON- English Historical Library. On the other h.and, Catherine Macaulay objects to the portraiture of Henry VIL, as we have seen, and prefaces her dissent with some very severe strictures on the .author: "Thus ignominious was the Wl of the famous Bacon! despica- ble in all the .active parts of litij, and only glorious in the con- templative. Him the rays of knowledge served but to embellLsh not enlighten; and philosophy itsdf was degraded by a conjunc- tion with his mean soul : we are told that he often lamented that ambition and vain glory bad diverted him from .spendin" his whole time in the manner worthy of his extensive genius" but there is too much reason to believe, from his conduct, th.at ihese sentiments arose from the weight of his mortification.s, and not from the conviction of his judgment. He preferred mean applica- tions to .James, and continued to flatter him .so fiir. as to paint his grandfather, Henry the Seventh, in an amiable MahV—Histoni of England, vol. i. Rushworth remarks, that " His decrees were generally made with so much equity that though gifts rendered him suspected for injustice, yet never any decree made by him was reversed as unjust."- Co7(cc(iV>n..it, vol. i. The Chancellor made an earnest defence, both when first accused and after sentence. When first suspected, he con- fidently declares his innocence in a letter to Buckingham: " Your Lordship spoke of Purgatory. I .am now in it But my mind is in a calm ; fcr my fortune is my felicity. I know I have clean hands and a clean heart ; and, I hope, 'a clean house for friends or servants. But Job himself or whosoever was the just- est .Indge. by such hunting for matters against him. as hath been used against me. may for a time seem foul, espechally in a time when greatness is the mark, and accusation is the game." This indignant defence compares strangely with hia offer confession, and with his letter to the Lords before liis formal and detailed acknowledgment. He remarks tliat understanding some justification was expected from him, he had public good, that nei her Aristotle nor Theophrastus amongst the Ancients, nor Parace sus, or the rest of our latest chvmists, would have been considerable."— Dit. Peter Hetlin : Life ofArchb. Laud Cowley, in his Pindaric on the Royal Society, lauds the mighty discoveries of the great Lord Bacon." " Methinks," says Bishop Sprat in his History of the Royal So- ciety, "m this one man I do at once find enough occasion to ad- mire the strength of human wit, and to bewail the weakness of a mortal condition; fljr is it not wonderful, that he who had run tnrough all the degrees of that profession which usuaUy takes up "Chosen one only justification instead of all others; for after the clear submission and confession which he should then make to their Lordships, he hoped he might say, and justify with Job in these words, I have not bid my sin as did Adam, nor con- cealed my fault in my bosom." Not only so, but when he resigned the seals, he accom- panied the act with the p.lthetic exclamation : "Re.\ dedit culpa abstulit !" that is, " The King gave, and my own faults have taken away !" ^ Yet Mr. Montagu, with charming naivete, asks us to be- lieve that Bacon was innocent ; that he could have proved his entire innocence; but was generously willing to sacri- fice himself at the command of the King and the favourite. Like the Roman of old, he determined to close the "groat gulf fixed" between the throne and the Parliament, by self-immolation. Mr. Montagu is grave ; therefore, we pre- sume, serious. We h.are seen that he defends Bacon's prosecution of Essex by that rule of leg.al morality which makes the advocate abjure every consideration which may interfere with his oflicial eh.aracter. He now makes Bacon utter the grossest falsehoods, and expose himself to the merited condemnation of the world for judicial corrup- tion, in order to gratify his King and please the King's favourite. First, he sacrifices his friend to his court brief, and then immolates himself to his King's whim. Verily' the golden rule itself is but selfishness compared to such abnegation ! Damon and Pythias will fade in story, and the Suttee pyre hardly arrest the attention of the pass- ing stranger ! Addisouj after stating that he would "show that all the BAG BAG laymen who have exerted a more than ordinary genius in | their writings, and were the glory of theii- times, were men whose hopes were filled with immortality, and the prospect of future rewards, and men who lived in a duti- ful submission to all the doctrines of revealed religion/' — goes on to remark : " I phall in this paper only instance Sir Francis Bacon, a man who, for greatness of genius, and compass of knowledge, did ho- nour to his age and country ; I could almost say to human nature itself. He poBsessfd at once all those extraordinary talents which were divided amon-^st the greatest authors nf antiiiuity. He had the sound, distinrt, comprehensive knowledge of Aristotle, with all the beautiful lights, graces, and embellishments of Cicero. One does not know which to admire most in his writings, the strength of reason, fbrce of style, or brightness of imagination." — IhUer, No. 267. Sheffield, Duke of Buckinghamshire, asserts that " All his works are, for expression, as well as thought, the glory of our nation and of all latter ages." Conde de Gondamar wrote him a letter on his fall, in which he assures him of the King of Spain's interposition, if he judged it any way couveuieut fur the restoring of his condition. — Sfrpheits's Collection. Lord Cavendish, afterwards Earl of Devonshire, received a letter from Italy, in which it was stated that "■ Lord Bacon w,as more and more known, and his books more and more delighted in; so that those men who had more than ordinary knowledge in human affairs, esteemed him one of the most capable spirits of that age." M. Voiture writes : " I find evei7 thing perfectly fine that you have sent me of Ba- con, but do you not think that Horace, who said. ' Visum Britan- nos hospitibus feros.' would be much more astonished to hi-ar a barbarian talk iu this manner, and to see that there is not perhaps at this day a Roman who speaks so good Latin as this Knglish- man 't And would not .Tuvenal say, with greater reason than ever, * Nunc totus Grajas nostrasque hai»et orbis Athenas V " This compliment of M. Voiture will perhaps recall to some of our readers the epigram with which the learned Grotius honoured John Barclay's classical erudition : it will be found under his portrait prefixed to the " Argenis:" "'Gente Caledonius, Gallus natalibus, hie est Romam Romano qui docet ore loqui.' ' A Scot by blood — and French by birth — this man At Rome speaks Latin as no Roman can.' " Grotius speaks most favourably also of Bacon's Life of Henry VII., and the learned Conringius fully agrees with this opinion. Baron Puffendorf commends him in the most exalted terms : "The late most wise Chancellor of EnL'bmd was the chief writer of our age. and carried as it were the pt;ni.t.u(i tlKit we mightpress forward, and make greater discoveries iu riiilMsuphic matters, than any of which hitherto our schools had rung. .So that if iu our time any great improvements have been made in Philosophy, there has been not a little owing to that great man." — Specimai Coutrovers., cap. i. Puffendorf's representation of Bacon as a "standard- bearer," instantly reminds us of the philosopher's own mo- dest and beautiful comparison. In a letter to the Earl of Salisbury, he remarks that in his bonk he was "contented to awake better spirits, being himself like a bell-ringer, who is first up to call others to church." To carry on the ecclesiastical simile, as Aristotle has been called the Pope of Philosophy until *' a greater arose in his place," we may compare Bacon, not to the bell-ringer in the steeple, hut to the Luther in the pulpit, who questioned his infiilUbility, and struck a fatal blow at the supremacy of that school which "made nothing perfect," though the bringing in of a better system did. Francis Buddeus styles Bacon a " New light in Philosophy, one who first united speculation and practice, and opened a passage to those mighty discoveries that have been made since his time." — Compendium IIlstoruB PhUosophicce. Voltaire calls him "The fiither of experimental philosophy, owning that what sur- prised him most was to find the Doctrine of Attraction, which is looked upon to be the foundation of another philosophy, ex- pressly Set down in Lord Bacon's, in words not to be controverted or mistaken." "Bacon was generous, easy, good-natured, and naturally just. But he had the misfortune to be beset by domestic harpies, who, in a manner, farmed out his office ; and he had given way to into- lerable impositions upon the subject among the masters in Chan- cery." — Guthrie. So Addison : " His principal fault seems to have been the excess of that vir- tue which covers a multitude of fiiults. This betrayed him to so great an indulgence towards his servants, who made a corrupt use of it. that it stripped him of all those riches and honours which a long series of merits had heaped upon him." — Taller, No. 2t>7. This is indeed a specimen of anaviter in 7nodo. But "Wilson, " who is acknowledged not to have been prejudiced against the chancellor," speaks in a very different strain : " He was the true emblem of human frailty, being more than a man in some things, and less than a woman in others. His crimes were bribery and extortion; and these he had often con- 9* demned others for as a judge, which now he came to suffer for as & delinquent. And they were proved and aggravated against him with so many circumstances, that they fall very foully upon him, both in relation to his reception of them, and his expending of them." — K'lint'ts His(or)/ of Emjland. It may be pertinent to remark here that Buckingham's displeasure at the manner in which Williams received his suggestions relative to depending cases in the Court of Chancery, gives reason to fear that the preceding Lord Keeper was more compliant. — Bacon's Letters, by Birch; HackeCa Life of Archhp. Williams. Hume remarks that " Bacon was a man universally admired for the greatness of his genius, and beloved for the courteousness and humanity of his behaviour. He was the great ornament of his age and nation; and nought was wanting to render him the ornament of human nature itself, but that strength of mind which might check his in- temperate desire of preft-rment. that could add nothing to his dig- nity, and restrain his profuse inclination to expense, that could be requisite neither for his honour nor entertainment." — History of Grtnt Bntain. "The great glory of literature in this Island, during the reign of James, was my Lord Bacon. Most of his performances were composed in Latin; though he possessed neither the elegance of that, nor of his native tongue. If we consider the variety of talents displayed by this man — as a public speaker, a man of business, a wit, acourtier. a companion, an author, a philosopher — he is justly the object of great admiration. If we consider him merely as an author and philosopher, the light in which we view him at present, though very estimable, he was yet inferior to his contemporary, Galileo, perhaps even to Kepler. Bacon pointed out at a distance the road to true philosophy : Galileo both pointed it out to others, and made himself consideiuble advances in it." — lUd. Upon Avhich we have in the British Biography : "Galileo was undoubtedly an illustrious man, and Kepler an admirable astronomer: but though we admit their superiority in astronomy, merhanics, and some particular branches of physical knowledu'-*- it (ioes by nn means follow that either of them were greatri- (iliilnMn.liprs than Bacon. The praise of Bacon is founded not upon Ills >kill in this or that particular branch of knowledge, but on his great and comprehensive understanding, which took in almost the whole extent of universal science. And he was so little indebted to the partiality of his countrymen, that his writ- ings appear, for some time at least, to have been more esteemed and admired in foreiirn countries than in England." His eminent French disciple, D'Alembert, by whoso means his writings were more widely introduced to the French than they had been previously, cannot sufficiently commend our author: "On considering attentively tbe soimd. intelligent, and exten- sive views of this great man. the multiplicity of objects his pierc- ing wit had comprehended within its sphere, the elevation of his style, that everywhere m.ikes the boldest images to coalesce with the most vigorous precision, we should be tempted to esteem him as the greatest, the most universal, and the most eloquent of phi- losophers. His works are justly valued, perhaps more valued than known, and. therefore, more deserving of our study than eulogium." — An. Rig., vol. xvi. ; see the whole of this article. We consider Mr. Hume to be sufficiently punished. He was the last man to weigh Bacon, who has displayed so little of the spirit of the true philosopher himself. His theory of evidence would never have been allowed to ex- pose his folly to the world, had he understood even the Com2yarentia ad intellect urn inatanfiarum convenientem. Bacon's genius was indeed comprehensive. Sir John Hawkins states that " Lord H.u-on. iu his natural history, has given a great variety of experiin.'iits touching music, that show him to have l.>een not liarely a philosopher, an enquirer into the pha-nomena of sound, but a master of the science of harmony, and very intimately ac- quainted with the precepts of musical composition." Sir John quotes the following remark of Lord Bacon as a proof of his knowledge of the sciences : " The sweetest and best harmony is when every part or instru- ment is not heard by itself, but a conflation of them all ; which requireth to stand some distance off: even as it is in the mixture of perfumes, or the taking the smells of seveml flowers in the air." — Histiiry of Music. The above authorities, quoted from the Biographia Britannica, should be read at length. His chaplain tells us that our great philosopher pursued the true plan of acquiring general knowledge : " He would light his torch at every man's candles." We have referred to the graphic picture which Osborn gives us of his puz- zling Lord Middlesex at the council-table by his minute knowledge of manufactures and the rules of trade. Os- born further tells us : " I have heard him entertain a country lord in the proper terms relating to hawks and dogs; and at another time out-cant a Lon- don chirurgt'tm." Pope refers to the precision of Bacon's language: " Words that icisc Bacon or grave Kaleigh spake." An English dictionary. Mr. Seward remarks, might bo composed from his works; but this compliment is very in- definite, and not one, we think, which Bacon would have coveted. Dugald Stewart remarks, in reference to Bacon's design of classifying the multifarious objects of human knowledge: BAG "Nor must it be forpotten, to the glory of his genius, that what he tailed to accomplish remains to this day a desideratum in science : that the intellectual chart delineat>niains. " Lord Bacon was the greatest genius that England, or perhaps any other countrj-, ever produced." — Pope : .S^jnice's Anecdotes. "In his Novum Organum he has laid down the whole method that Descartes afterwards followed." — I^rd Bni,iNr.BROKE: Spence. It is no little satisfaction to observe that the melancholy fall of this great man seems to have excited but little at- tention in foreign countries: where known, doubtless in many cases it was attributed to political prejudices, or the effects of that envy and malignity which, as Bacon him- self phrases it, makes " greatness the mark, and accusa- tion the game." Bayle, one of the most inquisitive and gossiping of BAG encyclopaedists, seems to be ignorant of any criminal charges against the ex-chancelk^r. His name was in high renown on the continent, and *' eminent foreigners crossed the seas on purpose to see and discourse with him." When the Marquis D'Effrat, who caused his Essays to be trans- lated into English, escorted Henrietta Maria, the Queen of Charles I., to England, he visited Bacon, and was re- ceived by his Lordship, who was confined to his bed by sickness, with the curtains drawn : " You resemble the angels," remarked the Marquis: "we hear those beings constantly talked of, we believe them superior to mankind, and we never have the consolation to see them." Uis lordship replied that, " If the charity of others compared him to an angel, his own infirmities told him he was a man." — ^'tcjyhens's Account of Lonf Bacon's Life. The Maniuia returned home, bearing the philosopher's picture with him, corresponding with him ever after, and esteemed it a pe- culiar honour to be styled, by his illustrious friend, his son. We have referred to that memorable dinner at York House, when the Lord Chancellor, with a chosen party of distinguished friends, "celebrated his entrance into his sixtieth year." We shall quote Ben Jonson's poem (a specimen of which we have already given) on this inte- resting, we may say august, occasion. As few of our readers have the opportunity of seeing the lines in their original dress, we shall retain the antiquated orthography of the day. The form of the poem *' Implies a very beautiful fiction; the poet starting, as it were, on his entering York House, at the sight of the (ienius of the place performing some mystery, which, penetrating from the gaiety of his look, affords matter for the compliment :'' Lord Bacon's Birth Day. *' Haile, happie Genius of this antient pile! How comes it all things so about thee smile? The tire, the wine, tlie men, and in the midst Thou stand'st, as if some mystery thou did'sti Pardon, I read it in thy faee. the day For whose returnes, and many, all these pray: And so doe I. This is the sixtieth year, Since Bacon, and thy Lord, was borne and here; Son to the grave, wise Keeper of the Seale, Fame and foundation of the Knglish weale: What then his father was, that since is he, Now with a title more to the degree. England's High Chancellor! the destined heire In his soft cradle to his Cither's chair; Whose even thred the Fates spinue round and full, Out of their choycest and their whitest wooll. 'Tis a brave cause of joy ; let it l>e knowne, — For 'twere a narrow gladuesse, kept thine owne. Give me a deep-crowned bowie, that I may sing, In raysing him, the wysdome of my King." "Verily every man at his best estate is altogether vanity !" Well was it said by the sage of old — " Call no man happy while he lives!" Even then, on that high festal day, the handwriting was on the wall, the decree had gone forth — '• Thy glory hath departed from thee !" A few weeks more, and he who so proudly entertained the chief estates of the realm on his natal day — the man whom the king delighted to honour, tbe first statesman of his court, and the most illustrious philosopher of his age — bowed his head in agony, and in deepest humiliation ut- tered the touching prayer: "I beseech your Lordships be merciful to a broken reed !" Let us trust that he proved that "sweet are the uses of adversity!" That in his hour of darkness he could ex- claim Avith the Royal Psalmist, who also "passed through the deep waters :" " Bonum mihi quia humiliasti me: ut discam justiflcationes tuas!" That affliction was thus profitable to him, we have good ground for believing. In that solemn and affecting prayer with which he turned unto the Lord his God, we have evi- dence of unfeigned humiliation and heartfelt devotion. Mr. Addison quotes this in the Taller, with some most ap- propriate prefatory remarks : " I was infinitely pleased to find among the works of this extra- ordinary man a prayer of his own composing, which, for the eleva- tion of thought, and greatness of expression, seems rather the devotion of an angel than a man. ... In this prayer, at the same time that we find him prostrating himself before the great mercy- seat, and troubled under atfiictions which at that time lay heavy upon him. we see him supported by the sense of his integrity, his zeal, his devotion, and his love to mankind; which give him a much higher figure in the minds of thinking men, than that great- ness had done from which he had fallen. I shall beg leave to write down the prayer itself, with the title with it, as it was found amongst his lordship's papers. wnttli!i' ilhistralions of this work are creditable to Mr. Bacon's taste :iiid sKiil as an artist." Bacon, Vincent- Con. to Phil. Trans., 1734. Bacon, Wm. A Key to Ilclmont. Lon., 1682. Baconthorp, Bacondorp or Bacon, John, d. 1.34fi. was born at BacHnthtirp. a vilbigc in Norfulk. He studied first at Oxford, then at Paris, lie was called " The Resolute Doctor." Several of his works have been pub- lished : Commentaria seu Qunestiones per quatuor Libros Sententiarum, Mediol., 1510. Six editions. Compendium Legis Christi, et Quodlibeta, Venice, 1527. Philosophia, Aug. Taur., 1667, 3 vols. 4to. A Catalogue of his writings will be found in Leland, Bale, and Pits. Baconthorp was the head of the followers of the -^jhilosopher Averroes. Being remarkable for smallness of stature, Pits and Fuller make themselves merry therewith : "■ Erat quidera, ut alter Zachieus. statura pusillus. sed int^enio magnus, ut mirum sit in tarn exili corpusculu tantas habitasse virtutes, et naturam in tantillo homuncjone tarn sublime colo- casse ingenium. Tam ingentia scripsit vulumina, ut corpus non tulisset qund ingenium protulerat. Nam si moles librnrum ejus, composita farcina. auctoris humeris imposita fuisset, homulum, sine dubio comprimere suffecisset." '■ He was, like another Zacheus, a very dwarf in stature, but of so great a genius, that it is surprising such exalted virtues should dwell in so small a body, and that nature should have placed so sublime a wit in such an epitome of a man. lie wrote such large volumes, that his body could not have sustained the product of his mind. For if the weight of his books, bundled together, had been laid upon their authors shoulder, the little man must un- doubtedlv h;ivo sunk under it." — I^ts De illus. Angl. ^triptor., in Biog. Brit. Fuller, who is so ready in making occasion for a witti- cism, of course avails himself of so fair an opportunity as the little Resolute Doctor gives him. " First, for the dwarfishness of his stature, ' Scalpellum calami atramentum charta libellus.* 97 Reliques of Rome, Lon., 1563. Sermons pub. 1749-51. lu American Epis. clergyman. Complete System of the Reve- BAD BAG His pen-knife, pen. ink-horn, on^ sheet of paper, and anv of his books, would amount to his full hcrzht. As for all the books of his own making, put tnt^etiKT. tlirir liurdcii were more than his body could lK*ar. Secondly, for his hi(]}, spirit in his low body. In- deed his soul liad but a small din,'ts,- to \ isit. and therefore inifrht the better attend the effectual inf inuiny; tliereof ... lie p;ropL-d after more li,ij:ht tlian he saw. s;iw more than he durst sjn-.-ik nf. spake of more than he was thanked f:)r by thoseof hissupi-rstitinus order, [English Carmelites,] amon;;st whom, ( saith Hale. ) ni-it h.-r be- fore nor aftei-, arose the like for leamiut^ and religion.'' — W'n-tliics. Badcoek, R. Horticul. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746. Badcock, Rev. Saml., 1747-1788, a dissenting minister, took orders in the Church of Enj;;Land in 1787, when he became curate of Broad Cly.«t. lie was an able contributor to The London Review, London Maj^azinc, General Evening Post, St. James Chronicle, and to The Monthly Review. In the last-named periodical, he pub- lished a review (June and Augn.st, 1783) of Dr. Priestley's History of the Corruptions of Christianity ; it was wittily remarked of this review, that no one save Dr. Priestley would wish it to be shorter. The Doctor took his critique so much to heart, that in less than a mouth he published in pamphlet form A Reply to the Animadversions, Ac. in The Monthly Review for June, 1783, &c. This was answered in the September number of the Review. The principal point at issue was the Doctrine of the Primitive Church concerning the Person of Christ. This review "was generally admitted to be a most triumphant refuta- tion of Dr. Priestley's opinions, as well as one of the most elaborate specimens of criticism that modern times had furnished." Another writer remarks, *' Badcoek continued his assault, sparing neither the history nor the Defence ; and, in the view of many, demolished the system he had assailed." Ho pub. some memoirs of the Wesley family, which led to some controversy with the excellent John Wesley. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. " Mr. Badcock was one of the most distincuished literary men of his day. His judj^meut was sin^^ularly acute and compl-ehen- sive; his learning; profound and various; his j;enius fertile and lively, but regulated by a most exquisite taste." — Cunningham's Biog. History. Mr. Nichols introduced Mr. Badcock to Dr. Johnson, and the following letter from Mr. B. to Mr. N., referring to Dr. Johnson's opinion of Priestley, i« not withnut interest: " How much I am obliged to you for the favour you did uie in introducing me to Dr. Johnson! Tontum vidi Viry'ilium. But to have seen him. and to have received a testimony of respect from him, was enough. I recollect all the conversation, and sha\\ never forget one of his expressions. Speaking of Dr. Priestley, (whose writings. T saw, he estimated at a low late.) he said, ' You have proved him as deficient in probity as he is in learning.' I called him an^Itiilej-- Si-holiir:'' but he was not willing to allow him a claim even to that merit. He said * that he borrowed from thnse who had been borrowers themselves, and did not know that the mis- takes he adopted had beL'U answered by others.' I often think of our short, Imt precious, visit to this great man. I shall consider it as a sort of an o'ra in ray life." Baddam, Benj. " Memoirs of the Royal Society, being a new Abridgment of the Philosopliical Transac- tions, from 1665 to 1735, inclusive, L(m.. 1738-41, 10 vols. 4to. For an interesting article relative to the Philosophi- cal Transactions, see Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol, i. BaddeIly,Geo. 12Sermons.l752. 12 Discourses. 1766. Bnddcly, R. Tiicolog. & Polit. pamph.. Lon., 1622-53. Badolly, John, M.D. Narrative relative to a cure performed by Prince Hohenlohe on Miss B. O'Cimor, 3d cd., L(.n.. 1823. Badeiiock, Jas., M.D. Con. on Med. and Ornitho- logy to Mod. Ohs. & Inq.. and Phil. Trans., 1770-71. Badeslade, Thos. Nav. of King's Lyn.,1725. River Dee, 173.^. Badiior, C. Admonitions to Piirents. Ac., Lon., 1S03. Bad;;er, J. Cures of the King's Evil by R. touch, 1748. Badger, Stephen, of Mass. Discourses, 1774. Let- ter re), to the Indians, in Mas.s. Hist. Coll., 1797. Badham, Charles, M.D. Med. Works, &e., Lon., 1808-18. ' Badham, C. D. Esculent Mushrooms of England, Lon., ]817. r. 8vo. Prose Halieutics, &c., p. 8vo. Badlands Thos. Sermon, 2 Cor. iv. IS. 1676. Baola, H. X. On Fever & Rheumatism. Lon., 1800. Balhn, Wni., 1584-1622, a celebrated English navi- gator, wrute an account of his voyage under James Hall, in 1612, '' Which is chiefly remarkable as being the first on record in which a method is laid dnwn for determining the longitude at sea by au observation of the he.aveuly bodies.'' Ho also wrote an account of his voyage under Robert Bylot in 1615. His name will ever he remembered by the Baydis<-overedbyhim.inavovagemndennderBvlotini616. Baj^c, Robert, 1728-lSOl. a noveli.^t of considerable talent, whose memory has been honoured by havin-^ Sir 96 -^ =< Walter Scott as his biographer, wrote Mount Heneth. pub. 1781; Burnham Downs, the Fair Syrian, and James Wallace. William Hutton gives some particulars of him in his " Life." " Mount Heneth became justly popular, from the vivacity of its style and dialogue, and the many well-drawn characters, and apposite reflections on questions of morality and humanity. . . . All his novels were tavouraldy received by the public, as far su perior to the common run of novels." — Chahm-rs's Biog. Diet, Bagford, John, 1650?-1716, an enthusiastic collector of literary curiosities, was bred to the occupation of a shoemaker, but did not acknowledge the obligation of the old maxim, "Ne sutor ultra crepidam :" but even Apelles, however, would not have desired to restrain the zeal of this useful and amiable lover of antiquities. He became extensively acquainted with old books, prints, and coins, and possessed no slight knowledge of the Roman remains in Britain. Of this there is ample evidence in his curious letter to Hearne, in the 1st vol. of 2d edition of Leland's Collectanea. He did not confine his researches to the book-stalls and shops of London, but travelled abroad for book-sellers and literary gentlemen, enriching their shelves and libraries with his acquisitions. In this way he was a sort of humble Dibdin to the Spcnsers and Hebers of his time. His private collection of books, title-pages, covers, &c. was very large. As must always be the ease with a man whose education has been picked up item by item, without system, he sometimes displays amusing ignorance in conjunction with his knowledge. He projected a history of his favourite art, and, in 1707 published in the Philo- sophical Transactions, his " Proposals for a History of Printing, Printers, Hluminators, Chalcography, Paper Making, &c.," price to be £1 for a book of 800 pages. He seems to have lacked encouragement, as the book never appeared. After his death, Lord Oxford purchased his collections and papers for his library. They are now in the Harleian Collection in the British Museum, in 42 folio volumes: but a melancholy sight a portion of them pre- sent; for, as Dibdin remarks, *'A modern collector and lover of perfect copies will witness, with shuddering, among Bagford's immense collection of title- pages, the frontispieces of the Complutensian Polyglot, and Chaun- cy's History of Uertfordshke, torn out to illustrate a History of Printing.'' He was employed as a collector by Lord Oxford, Dr. John Moore, Bishop of Ely, Sir Hans Sloane, .Sir James Austin, and others. Mr. Eagford was one of the many ingenious men in the world whose natural talents are con- tinually hampered for want of early education. See in- teresting accounts of him in Dibdin's Bibliomania, in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and Hearne's prefaces to Guil. Roper Vita, D. Thoma' Mori, 1716, and to Walter Hemingford's history. " At vero in hoc genera fragmenta colligcudi omnes quidem alios quantum ego existimare possum facile superavit Joanus Bagfordits, de quo apud Hemingum, Ac." We quote a line or so from the Hemingi Wigornensis Cbartularium, to which reference is made. " Had his education been eijual to his natui-al genius, he would have proved a much greater man than he was. And yet, without this education, he was certainly the greatest man in the world in his way." — IHhihn^s BihUomania. Bagrers, Jeffrey. Essays on Amplification, Lon.. 1802. Bagsjs, John. View of the Millennium, Lon., 1798. Baa^iey, Geo, See Bayley, Geo. Bagley, Wm. The New Practice of the Courts of Law at Westminster, Lon., 1840. " The a\ithor has attempted to combine the learning and scien- tific method of Tidd, with the practical familiarity of Tnipey, and to condense within the compass of a volume, not only the sub- stance of the statutes, rules, and decisions relating to proceedings at law. but minute instructions for taking every step in such pro- ceedings." The practice of the Chambers of the Judges of the Courts of Commcm Law, in civil action. Lon., IS.^4. " Mr. Bagley's work is as good as a work can be on the snliject he has chosen. He has attempted, and with as much success as was jiossilile. to do that wliich is next to impossible, namely to sep.Tr.nt(^ the pra.tire at rhnmbevs from the pi-actice of the courts gem-r.illy." Sir Marvin's Legal Kibl. Bagnal, Thos. The Excellency and Usefulness of Masonry : a Sermon preached before the Free Masons, on Heb. iii. 4. 1767. Bai^noK or Bofrnall. A Permon. Lon., 176.3. Edu- catiun, 176;'>. Trans, nl Telemachus into Eng. verse, 1791. Ba£;nol, Roht. The Steward's Last Account, in five Sermons, on loth St. Luke, Lon., 1622. Ba^nold, Joseph. Wisdom and Innocency; a Ser- mon on Matt. X. 16, 1700. Basot, Daniel. Treatise of the Bankrupt Laws of Irchiiid. 17il."i. Otiier Law Trentises, 1791-1S04. Bagot, Daniel, Viciir of Neury. 1. Disciples in the BAG BAl Storm. 2. Temptation of Christ in the Wil'lerneps. 3. Trea- tise on the Lord's Supper. 4. Treatise on the Transfigu- ration. Bagot, Lewis, 1740-1802, was successively Bishop of Bristol, Norwich, and St. Asaph. He was educated at Westminster Schoul, and chosen thence student of Christ Church. He pub. a number of theological works, 1772- 1790, the principal of which is Twelve Discourses on the Prophecies concerning the first Eytablishment and sub- sequent History of Christianity, preached at the AVarbur- touian Lecture, in Lincoln's Inn Chapel, 1780. " liishop Uaj^ot opened his lectures by prelimiuary observations on the nature and value ofthe evidences drawn from prophecies; including some pointed remarks on Lord Monboddo and Mr. Gibbon. The subjt-ct of bis subsequent discourses were, the pro- mise of a second dispensation under the tirst; the progressive nature of the kingdom of (!od; the distinctive characters of the Messiah, and the nature of his kingdom; the time limited by the prophets, and the proofs of its fullilment; thi^ conformity of the life of Christ and of his kingdom to the predictions: the prophe- cies concerning the latter times: and the general recapitulation of the whole subject.'' — Britisk Critic, vol. xxvii. p. iMi'.i, Dr. Bagot has been commended as a man of great learn- ing, and of the most gentle and amiable manners. Bagot, Richard, Bishop of Oxford. A Charge at his Third Visitation. Oxf, 1833. A Charge at his Fourth Visitation, Oxf., IS 12. Bagshaw, Edward, 1604-1662, of Brasenose Coll., Oxf., a lawyer who at first opposed the cause of Charles I., but subsequently became one of his adherents, publislied a number of theological and political works, 1633-1663. Whilst imprisoned by the Parliament, he wrote a treatise which does not argue much respect for the opinion of his judges, viz. : The Rights of the Crown to England, as it is established by Law. This he puiilished very appropriate- ly in 1660 — the year of the Bestoration. The earliest of his publications was the Life and Death of Mr. Robert Bolton, 1633. Mr. Bulton was the author of the well- known treatise, entitled The Four Last Things. Anthony Wood refers to his sitting in ''that most wicked conven- tion that begun at Westminster, 3 Xov.. 1610. But soon after, perceiving full well what mad courses the members thereof took, he left them." He left two sous, Henry and Edward, wlm are next to be noticed. Bagshaw, Edward, 1629-1671, son of the preced- ing, was admitted of Christ Church, Oxf., in 1646, and ordained by the Bish<)p of Exeter, in 1659. It is enough to make him memorable that he was second master of Westminster School, when the famous Dr. Busl\v was head master. The two dominies could not agree, and Bagshaw was displaced. For some time he was chaplain to Arthur, Earl of Anglesey. Wood gives a long list of writings, principally controversial, directed against Baxter, L'Estrange, Morley, Bishop of Worcester, and others. These yjuldications have sunk into ol)livion. He appears to have inherited his father's belligerent spirit, as well as his cucoethes scribendi. Anthony Wood, who seems to spare no man in his wrath, represents young Bagshaw whilst at college as any thing but a modest and well-behaved young man : '■ lie expressed himself very often intolerably impudent, saucy, and refnwtory to the Censor, and thereupon was either iSconst [mysterious ceremony!] or put out of Commons. . . . When quadiugesimal disputations were publicly perforuied in the schools, he would, without any provocation, take the qnestions. either of au under-graduat*, or bachelor, purposely to dispute with him, and so consciiuently show his parts, and be shouldered out. or carried out into the .[uadrangle on the shoulders of his admirers. ... lie sliowt-d liims.'lf a turbulent and domineering person, not only in his cnll.jgi-, Imt in the University, where "twas common with him to disturb the Vice-chancellor with interposed speeches, without formalities, and with his hat cocked." — Athai. Oxon. Added years do not seem to have mellowed his rough temper. Becoming obnoxious to government, he was sub- jected to twenty-two weeks' imprisonment in Newgate. He was undoubtedly a man of marked ability, but had too nuK-h of \\\(tfortitri- in re. Bagshaw, Henry, 1632-1709, another son of Ed- ward Bagshaw, Senior, was educated at Westminster School, and Christ Church, Oxf. He held one of the pre- bends in the Church of Durham. He seems to have played the lamb to his brother's lion, being remarkable for in- offensiveness of character. He pub. A Sermon on Ps. xxxvii. 37, 1676. Diatribie, or Discourses upon select texts against Papists and Socinians, 1680, etc. Bagshaw, Henry. Sermon, Matt. xxi. 13, 1698. Bagshaw,.lohn. Two Sermons. 2 Sam. xix. 14,15, 1660. Bagshaw, William, 1628-1702, a Nonconforming divine, whose zeal and usefulness in the northern parts of Derbyshire acquired fur him the title of " Tlie Apostle of the Peak." He pub. a number of works, and left a large quantity of MSS. upon various sulijects: no less than 50 vols, in folio and quarto, written with his own hand. Among his pub. works are, 1. Waters fur a Thirsty Soul, in several sermons on Rev. xxi. 6, 1653. 2. The Miner's Monitor, or a Motion to those whose Labour lies in the Lead and other Mines, 1675. 3. De Spiritualibus Pecci, or Notes con- cerning the Work of God, and some that have been Work- ers together with God, in the High Peak of Derbyshire, Lon., 1702. Bagwell, William, an English mathematician and astronomer of the 17th century. Mistery of Astronomy maid plaine to the meanest capacity, Lon., 1655. Sphynx Thebanus, an Anth. Descrip. of both the Globes. The Dis- tressed Merchant, 16-45. Wit's Extraction, 1664. " A curious work, with a portrait, at the t>aok of which is printed a family j;i-oup. seated at taMe at an eveuinj; party." — LowNfits. Baildon, John, joint author with John de Beau- chcsnc of A Bfiiik cout. I'ivers Sorts of Hands, Lon., 1570. Baildon, Jos. Trans, of Mcxia's Rarities of the Worbl. Lou., 1651. Wonder of the World, 4to, 1656. Bailev. History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 180L Anon. Bailey, Abr. The Spightful Sister: A Comedy, Lon., 1667. Bailey, Alexander Mabyn, See Bailey, Wm. Bailey, B. Exposition of the Parables of our Lord, &,(!., with a Prelim. Dissert, on the Parable Lon., 1828. '• This work, entirely devoid of an evan^^elicfll charaeter. will be found useful to the clerical student, as embodying a copious col- ' lection of annotation, criticism, and disquisition upon the portions of f^cripture illustrated." — Lowndes. Bailey, Edw., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746. Bailey, 11. Reports of Cases in Court of Appeals, S. Carolina, 1828-1832, 2 vols. Charleston, lS.S;i-18;{4. Reports of Cases in Equity, argued in Court of Appeals, S. Carolina, Charleston, 1841. Bailey, Henry, Curate of Hingham. Fdtuale Anglo- Catholicum, Lon., 1S47. Bailey, Henry Ives, Per. Cur. of Drighlington. The Liturgy compared with the Bible. Lon.. 183.3, Bailey, Ilev. Jacob, b. 1731, Rowley. Mass. His MS. Journal has Iil-lmi cdit«>l liv Bauti.ktt, Rev. Wm. J., \q. c.l Bailey, Jacob Whitman, b. ISll, at Ward, Massa- chusetts, grad. at West Point, 1832, Appoin. Prof. Chem., it.c. at the U. S. Military Acad., West Point, 1838. Con- tributed various valuable papers in the American Jour, of Science, and in Smithsonian Contributions to Science. Bailey, Jas. Hierogly. Origo et Natura, Cantab., 1816. Bailey, John. Agricultural Works, &c., 1794-lSll, Bailey, Margaret L., born at Sussex, Virginia. '■ Mrs. Biiiley is lUvourably known hoth as a poetess and a prose writer." — Wnmau"^ litxord. Bailey, Nathan, d. 1742, a philologist of gi-eat abili- ties, was the author of the well-known dictionary which bears his name. The 4th edition (1728) was long the only dictionary in general use. It was enlarged into two vols. 8vo, 1737, and afterwards issued in folio, by Dr. Jos. Nicol Scott. The last was considered the best edition, and is still a favourite with some students. Johnson's first edi- tion of his dictionary was imlili,--hed in 1755. There is a curious anecdote connected with Bailey's work. It was studied through twice, word by word, by Mr. Pitt, after- wards Earl of Chatham, the import and mode of construc- tion of each word carefully examined, so that the strength, the significance, and the beauty of the English language might be properly understood, and enlisted in the service of oratory when required. Some of the sermons of Bar- row, it will be remembered, were committed to memory Ijy Mr. Pitt, for the same purpose. '* I^robably no man, since the days of Cicero, has ever submitted to an equal auiount of drudgery." The effects of this philological training were witnessed in the copious vocabulary, and precision in application, which distinguished Chatham's elocution. Wilkes, indeed, seems to criticize his language, when he tells us, "he had not the correctness of language so strik- ing in the great Roman orator, but he had the verba ar- (hutiit — the bold, glowing words.*' But Mr. Wilkes's opi- nion, upon any subject save the right of suflrage, and choice of rare books, has but little weight with us. Ho- race Walpolo describes Chatham's language as having been amazingly fine. "Not content," says LordLyttle- ton, ** to correct and instruct his imagination by the works of men, he borrowed his noblest images from the language of inspiration." We should not forget to acknowledge the improvements ' made in the folio edition of Bailey's dictionary by G. Gor- I don, who made additions to the mathematical part, Phil. j Miller to the botanical terms, and T. Lidiard to the etyiuo- : logical portion: the whole being revised by Dr. Scott. 99 BAI Dr. Harwood's care was bestowed npim the revision of the 8vo edition, of which the 15th edition was pub. about 1769. Mr. Bailey published several other educational worlis; and a Dictionarium Domesticum in 1736. Bailey, Peter, d. 1823, editor of The Museum, (Lon- don,) pub. Sketches from St. George's Fields, by Giorgione di Castel Chiuso. A volume containing some of his epic poetry, entitled Idwal, was printed, but not published. It was founded on the events connected with tlie conquest of Wales. A Greek Poem of Mr. B.'s was pulj. in the Classi- cal Journal. Ilis last publication was an anonymous poem in the Siienser measure, called A Queen's Appeal. Bailey, Philip James, b. 1816, a member of the Bar, son of the proprietor of tlie Nottingliam Mercury, is the author of Pestus, The Angel World, 1850, and Mystic, 1855. Few poems upon their first appearance have ex- cited so much attention as Festus : '* It is an extraordinary production, out-Heroding Kant in some of its pliilosophy. and out.OoetbingGoetlie, in the introduction of thi.- three persons of the Trinity as interlocutors in its wild plot. Mo.st olyectionable as it is on this account, it yet contains so many exquisite p-issages of genuine poetry, that our aduiii-ation of the authors genius oveipowers the filling of mnrtitication at its being misapplied, ana meddling with such dangerous topics." — Lond'm Literary Gazette, 1839. Mr. Bailey was but about twenty years of age when Festus was finished. It was published in 1839. His youth has proliably mitigated the censure to which it is thought Festus is liable for grave errors both of style and senti- ment. The second edition, published three years after the first, was much enlarged, and in later editions it has been still further augmented to about three times its original length. '• Every line has undergone the refining crucilde of the author's brain, and has been modified by tlie greater maturity of his mind." A late critic, an exquisite poet himself, thus spealss of Mr. Bailey : " As a piet in actual achievement, I can have no hesitation in placing him far above eithri- Ibowning or 8tiiling. His Festus is in many respects a very rt-aiaikal'le production — remarkable alike for its poetic power, and its utter neglect of all the reiiuirements of poetic art. . . . Yet with all these excesses and defects, we ape made to feel th.at Festus is the work of a poet. ... In The Angel World, we have the youthful iwet more sobered down; and the consequent result has been one not exactly to be wished — its beauties and its defects are each alike less prominent." — Moir's Poet. Lit. nfthe Past Balf-Cintury. The Age: Politics, Poetry, and Criticism. A Colloquial Satire. 8vo, 1858. Bailey, Rnfus William, b. 1793, at yarmouth, Maine, graduated at Dartmouth College, 1813. 1. Family Preacher; a vol. of .Sermons. 2. Mother's Request. 3. Tho Issue ; lieing Letters on Slavery. 4. Manual of Grammar. Bailey, Samuel, h. 1787, at Sheffield, Eng., author of a number of works on Politics, Political Economy, ic. Essays on the Formation of Opinions, Ac. This work, by no means unobjectionalde in its tendency, di-splays consider- able ability. Any writer might be proud of the commenda- tion of the distiiiguished authority whom we shall quote : "It would be an act of injustice to those readers who are not acquainted with that valuable volume entitled Essays on the Formation of Opinions, not to refer them to it aa enforcing that neglected part of morality. To it may be added a masterly article in the Westminster Review, occasioned by the Essays." — Sitt J.4Ml^s Mackintosh : 2d Prel. Diss, to Eict/c. Brit. Essays on Pursuit of Truth and Progress of Knowledge, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1844. Letters on tho Philosophy of the Human Mind; 1st Ser., 8vo. Money and its Vicissitudes in Value, 1852, Svo. Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, 1841, 8to. Theory of Reasoning, Svo. Discourses on various subjects before Literary Societies, 1852, 8vo. Bailey, T. List of Bankrupts, Dividends, Ac. for 1804. Bailey, Thomas, 1785-1856, father of the .author of Festus. Advent of Ch,arity, and other Poems, 12mo. His- tory of Nottinghamshire, 3 vols. r. Svo. Records of Lon- gevity, pub. just before his death. Bailey, Walter, M.D. See B.u.ey. Bailey, Wm. Advancementof Arts. Ac, Lon., 1 772-79. A Treatise respecting the Poor in Work-Houses, Lon.,1768. This vol. was pub. by Alex. Mabyn Bailey. Bailie, J. K. Fasciculus Inscriptionum Grfecarum, Lon., 2 vols. sm. 4to, 1844-46. Baillie, Capt. A Solemn Appeal to the Public, 1779. Baillie, Alex. A work on Scottish Calvinism, 1628. Baillie, (Jeo. On the Bankrupt L.aws, 1809. Baillie, Hugh. A Letter to Dr. Shebbeare, 1775. Baillie, Joanna, 1704-1851, one of the most dis- tinguisiied writers in an .age prolific in good authors, was born iu a " Scottish Manse, in the upper dale of the Clyde, which h.as, for Us mild character and lavish production of fruit, been termed Fruit L.and.' . . . One of the linest specimens of the fruit of this lUO BAI l'T,xuriant dale is .Toanna Baillie. a name never pronounced by 8cot or Briton of any part of the empire but with the veneration duo to the truest L'enius, and the adection which is the birthright of the truest spi?cimens of womanhood." — Howitt's Ilrtmes of the Poets. Miss Baillie for the principal part of her life was a resi- dent of Hampstead, near London, where she died, Feb. 23, 1851. She always lived in retirement, and for some years before her death in strict seclusion. While she re- ceived visitors, it is stated that nearly all the great writers of tlie age had, at one time or another, been among her guests. Scott spent many pleasant hours with her, and on her visit to Scotland in ISUii she spent some weeks in his house at Edinburgh. Her last visit to Seott and to Scol^ land w:is iu 1820. See Life of Scott. Their father was a Scottish clergyman ; their mother, a sister of the celebrated Dr. William Hunter ; and Matthew Baillie, M.D., another distinguished physician, was brother to Joanna and Agnes. Miss Baillie's earliest poetical works appeared anonymously; her first dram.atie efi'orts were published in 1798. under the title of A Series j of Plays, in which it is attempted to delineate the stronger passions of the mind ; each passion being the subject of ' a tragedy and a comedy. A second edition was demanded in a few months ; in 1802, and in 1812 a third volume ap- i peared. In 1804 she puldished a volume of Miscellaneous i Dramas; and in 1810 The Family Legend, a tragedy, made its appearance. This drama, founded on a Highland tradition, was brought out with success at the Edinburgh theatre, under the auspices of Sir Walter Scott. •• Jany 30. ISIO. My Dear Miss Ilaillie. — You have only to ima- gine all that you could wish to give success te a play, and your conceptions will still fall short of the complete and decided tri- nniph of the Family Legend. . . . Every thing that pretended to distinction, m li<-ther from rank or literature, was in the boxes, and in tb>- pit suih an aggreg.ate mass of humanity as I have seldom, if ever, witnessed in the same place."— &"« to Miss Baillie. ".Miss Baillie's play went oir capitally here. . . . We wept till our hearts were sore, and ap]ilaud.-d till our hands were blistered; what could we more?" — .S-"/f to Mr. Marn'tt. It was played 14 nights, and in 1814 was acted in Lon- don. In 1836 our authoress published three more volumes of Plays. Thus an interval of 38 years had occurred be- tween "the first and the last publication of her dramas. In 1823 the Poetic Miscellanies appeared, containing Scott's dramatic sketch of MacdufTs Cross, some of Mrs. Heman's poetry, and Miss Catherine Fanshaw's Jciix d'cujiri'l. A few months before her death, Miss Baillie comideted an entire edition of her dramatic w^orks. The Martyr had been published separately. She also pub- lished Metrical Legends of E.xalted Characters; and A View of the general Tenor of the New Testament regard- ing the Nature and Dignity of Jesus Christ. Although so advanced in years. Miss Baillie retained the complete possession of her faculties until the last. Lord Jeffrey writes ; " .\piil lis. 1S40. 1 forgot to tell you that we have been twine out to Hampstead to hunt out Joanna Baillie. aud found her the other day as fresh, natural, and amiable as ever ; and as little like a Tragic 'Mu.se. ^ince old Mrs. Brougham's death, 1 do not know so nice an old woman." Again, January 7, 1842, he writes: "AVe went to Hampstead. and paid a very plea.sant visit to Jo- anna Baillie. who is marvellous in health aud spirits, and youth- ful freshness and simplicity of feeliug, and not a bit deaf, blind, or torpid.'' The literary stranger from a distant land sought an in- troduction to her whose writings had been " household words" since childhood ; and who, secluded from the busy world, considered herself a mother to the poor, and was by them esteemed the "Lady Bountiful" of the neigh- bouriiood. '• I am glad that Mrs. Ellis and you have derived any amuse* ment from the House of Aspen. . . . But the Plays of the I'as- sious have put me entirely out of conceit witli my Germanized brat; aud should I ever again attempt dramatic composition. I would endeavtiur after the genuine old English model." — Scott to George Ellis, Ar;. In a letter to Miss Baillie, dated 1810, Scott remarks: '■ You say iiotbin:; about the di-ama on Fear, forwhich you have chosen so admirable a subject, and which. I think, will be in your own most powert\il manner. I hope you will have an eye to its being actu.ally represented. Perhaps of all passions it is the most univers.ally interesting.'' We find tho tragedy of Fear again referred to, after its publication in the volume issuetl in 1812 : " It is too little to say I am enchanted with the said third volume, especially with the two first pKays. which iu every point not only sustain, but even exalt, your reputation as a dramatist. The whole character of ttrra is exquisitely supported, as well as imagined, .and the langu.age distinguished by a rich variety of fancy, which 1 know no instance of. excepting in Shakspeare." " If Joanna Baillie had known the st.age practically, she would never have attached the importance she does to the development of single p.assions in siuL'le tragedies; and she would have in- vented more stirring incidents to justify the passion of her cha- BAI rarters. and to pive them that air of fatality which, thou-rh pecu- ' liatlv predominaut iu the (.irefk drama, will also be found, to a cerUiiii exti-ut. in all successful tra-edit;s. Instead of this, she tries tn make all the passions of her main characters proceed from til." wilful natures of the beings themselves. Th-'ir feelinLTS are not precipitated bv circumstances, like a stream down a declivity, that leaps from rock to rock; hut. for want of incident, they seem often like water on a level, without a propelling impulse.*' — Camp- BELL : Life of Mrs. SkUioji^. We appeal to the reader whether this criticism is not, I in fact, just the highest compliment which could have been paid to Miss Baillie's management of her characters. | Mr. Campbell's censure really amounts to this: Miss i Baillie prefers the exhibition of human nature to catering | for stage effect and slavishly following an unnatural code j and a heathen morality. Her object was not so much to " take the house by storm." as to take the heart by truth. , '•That air of fatality," the absence of which Mr. Camp- bell deplores, is the very error to be eschewed by the Christian teacher, whose duty it is to illustrate the truth that man. as a free agent, will secure happiness by the practice of virtue, and reap misery as the fruit of vice. Luve, Hatred, Fear, Religion, Jealousy, Revenge, and Remorse, may each be made to enforce the truth that '* the way of the transgressor is hard," or to impress the mind with the abiding conviction that Wisdom's ways are " ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace." What does Miss Baillie set forth as her own canon? '■ Let one simple trait of the human heart, one expression of passion, genuine and true to nature, be introduced, and it will stand forth alone in the boldness of reality, whilst the false and unnatural around it fedes away on every side, like the rising ex- halation of the morning." — Prcparat(fry Discourse to Jirst vol. of Dramas. 179S. "Joanna raillic. as the author of Count Basil and De Montfort, is entitled to a iiuidi lusher plac« amou^ dramatists than the au- thor of Metrical beL^-'inls is amonti mere poyts. With much ima- pinative eii'TLiv. riui.h oljservaut thought, and great freedom and for.r I'f ili-lii].rilinii. together with a fine feeliiig of nature, and an ocr:i^ional M.i--siii.ieriaa softness of diction, it may be claimed for Joanna ll.iillie that she uniformly keeps apart from the tiite and common-place; yet we cannot help feeling a delii-iency of art. and tact, and taste, alike in the management of her themes and the structure of her verse."— J/'iVs P'-'t. Lit. of Past llaff-Ccnturi/. Baillie, John. A Letter to Dr. , in answer to a Tract in the Biblio. Auc. et Mod. Rcl. to Freiud's Hist. Phys.. 1727. Baillie, John, Prof, of Arabic, etc. in the New Col- lege. Furt William, Bengal. Sixty Tables elucidatory of the 1st part of a Cour.se of Lectures on the Grammar of the Arabic language, Calcutta, 1801, folio. Five Books upnn Grammar, together with the principles of Inflection in the Arabic language ; collected from an- cient MSS., Calcutta, ISO2-O3/2 vuls. 4to. " Of all the publications on this department of Literature, these are the most useful and important." — Dr. Adam Clarke. Digest of Mohammedan Law, according to the Tenets of the twelve Imans. compiled under the Superintendence of Sir Wm. Jones. Calcutta, ISOo, 4 vols. £10 10«. '■ A biiihly valuable work." — Lowndes. Baillie, Marianne. First Impressions on a Tour upon the Continent, in the summer of 1818, through France, Italy, Switzerland, the Borders of Germany, and a part of French Flanders, Lon., 1S19. " Without being a strikintr. it is. at least, a superior sort of itine- racy. The style is easy, withovit being very pure, and the whole Ctshionof the performance is that of a. tfentlewomanlihe sort, with- out those high litorary pretensions which sometimes make, and sometimes mar. tourists and writers of other descriptions." — LoJi- don Literary Gazette. Lisbon : Manners and Customs of Portugal, 1821-2-3, Lon., 1825. " These pleasing little volumes, full of feminine vivacity in their descriptions, ]mf it in our power to diversify the praver character of our Kevifws with an entertaining selection of Portuguese anec- dotes and delin.-ations. A residence of two years and a half in the country, alford'-d sufUcient opportunity for studying the peo- ple and observing.' their mimners. and her pictures are most piquant and original." — Loiidun Lit-iranj Gaz'^tte.. '• This is a very agreeable book, and a very faithful one. for we are well acquainted with the places which it describes, and can vouch for its fidelity." — Quarterly Review. Baillie, Matthew, M.D., 1761-1823, a very distin- guished physician, was the son of the Rev. James Baillie, D.D., anil Dorothea, sister of the celebrated William and John Hunter: his sister, Joanna Baillie, became as emi- nent in the walks of literature as her brother in tlie graver pursuits of medical science. In 1779 he was admitted of Baliol College, Oxf., where he took his degree of physic in 1789. Ho enjoyed the great advantage of studying under his uncle, William Hunter. Upon the death of the latter, in 178)^, he succeeded to the Lectures with Mr. Cruik- shank, and gained great popularity by the clearness of his demonstrations, and his power of simplifying abstruse BAI subjects. Although not successful for some time in obtain- ing much practice, his merits gradually, but surely, forced his way. until his fees were known to amount in one year to £10,000. His quickness of perception in ascertaining the localities of disease made him in great request as a consulting physician. In 1810 he was made physician to Geo. III., and a baronetcy was ofl"ered to him, but he de- clined the honour. '• No one in his day could compete with him in anatomical know- ledge, or in an acquaintance with morbid anatomy, or pathology, which of late years has been so successfully cultivated, and which must in a degree be attributed to the example and renown of Baillie." — Hose's Bing. Did. He was an extensive contributor to various learned Transactions. See Phil. Trans., 1788-89; Trans. Med. et Chir., 179:'.-1800; Med. Trans., 1813-15. Dr. Baillie pub. in 1793, The Morbid Anatomy of some of the most Im- portant Parts of the Human Body. "This work, like every thint; he did, was modest and unpre- tending;, but it was not on that account the less valued. A perfect knowledge of his subject, acquired in the midst of the fullest opportunities, enabled him io compress into a small volume more accurate and more useful information than will be found in the works of Bonetus. Morjrajrni. and Lieutaud. This work consisted at first of a plain statement of facts, the description of the appear^ ances presented on dissection, or what could be preserved and ex- hibited: and he afterwards added the nari-atiou of symptoms cor- respt.TKliiii; "iih the morbid api)earances. This was an attempt of i^reati-r diflieulty- which n ill reiinire the experience of successive liv^s to perfe.-t."— .SmClucT.ics Iti.r.i.. The Appendix was pub. in 1798 ; the 2d edition, corrected and greatly enlarged, in 1797 ; since which there have been many editions. Two years later he pub. A Series of En- gravings, tending to illustrate the Morbid Anatomy of some of the most Important Parts of the Human Body. Fascic. LX.,Lou., 1799-1802. Royal 4to, 2d edition, 1812. " His next work was the Illustration of Morbid Anatomy, by a series of splendid eni;ravin;xs; credita,ble at once to his own taste and liberality, aners on Zoology, and of reports on Natural History collections made by Capt. Stansbury, Capt. Marcy, Lieut. Gilliss, the U.S. and Me.\ican Boundary Survey, and the Pacific R.R. Survey. Baird, Thomas. Gen. View of the Agriculture of thecounty of Middlesex, Ac, Lon., 1793, 4to. " The matter is well arranged, and verv sensibly expressed It was the first report of the couutv of Middlese.x, and was followed by those of Foot and Middleton."— Donaidsoii's Aijricult. Biog. Baird, Thomas. A Treatise on the laws of Scot- land, relative to master and servant, and master and ap- prentice. Edin., 1841. •■ A learned, elaborate, carefully written, and authoritative trea- tise. —.M,:i fill's Lrgul Biii. ISuirdy, John. Balm from Gilead, Lon., 1681. Bairn, John. See Bain. Baitman, Geo. The Arrow of the Almighty shot against the Uncalled Ministers of England, Lon. Baker. On Small Pox. Mem. Med., 1792. Baker, Aaron. Sermon, 2 Sam. xv. 31, Lon.. 1678. Baker, Aune. Glossary of Northamptonshire, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Baker, Arthur. Sermons on Holy Joy. Lon., 1847. Baker, Benj. Franklin, b. 1811, in Massachusetts. Musical Author. Ed. Clioral. Timbrel, Haydn, Union Glee-Book, Theory of Harmony, School Chimes, Ac. kn. Baker, Charles, superintendent of the Y'orkshirc In- stitution fur the Deaf and Dumb at Doncaster, England. His contributions to the Penny Cyclopedia in 1835 on the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, and to the |iub]ieations of the Soc. for the Difl'usion of Useful Knowledge, have been pub- lished in 1 vol. 8vo. Baker, D. Poems, Hicathrift; dueUum,etc.,Lon.,1697. Baker, D. B. Nature and causes of doubt in reli- gious questions, (Anon.,) Lon., 1831. Discourses to a Vil- lage Congregation, Lon., 1832. Baker, Daniel. Relation of some of the cruel suf- ferings of Kath. Evans, and Sar. Chevers, in the Inquisi- tion at Malta. Lon.. 1662. Baker, Daniel, D.D., Prest. of Austin College. Texas, a Prcsliytcriau minister. ASectionate Address to Mothers, Phila., 18mo. Affectionate Address to Fathers, ISiuo. A Plain and Scriptural View of Baptism. 18mo. Revival Sermons, 12ino ; 1st and 2d series. The 3d ed. of the First Series was pub. in 1855. Baker, David, or Father Augnstin, 1575-1641, made collections for ecclesiastical history, which are sup- posed to be lost. Royner's Apostolatus Benedictorum in Anglia is said to be chiefly derived from Baker's MSS. Hugh Cressy's Church History owes much to the labours of Baker. Cressy pub. at Dow.ay, 1657. Sancta Sophia, or Directions for the Prayer of Contemplation, extracted out of the treatises written by F. Aug. Baker. Baker, David Erskine, d. 1767 ? was the first com- piler of the Biographia Dramatica, which ajjpeared in 2 vols., 1764. It was continued to 17S2 by Isa,ac Reed, and brought down to the end of November, 1811, by Stephen Jones. The whole work is comprised in three volumes, bound in four. Lon.. 1812. He was also the author of some fugitive poetry, of The Muse of Ossian, Edin., 1763, and of some papers in the Phil. Trans., 1747-54. lie was a grandson of the celebrated Daniel Defoe. For a severe critique, by Octavius Gilchrist, on the enlarged edition of the Biographia Dramatica, see the Quarterly Review, vii. 283-93 : this was answered by Jones in a pamphlet enti- tled Hypercriticism Exposed, 1812. BAK Baker, Ezekicl. A work on RiBe Guns, Lon., 1S05. Baker, Geoffrey, a monk of Oseney, trans, into Latin in 1347, Thomas De La More's French History ot the reigns of Edward L and Edward IL Camden pub- lished iiis cdin.niele.— Tannee. Baker, George, d. 159 duced and each has been made as singularly valuable as the pre; "edTn^ ones, for its m.anorial history, for the accurate fulness of itsTdi.n-ees, [in which matter Mr. Baker had to contend with ireat difficulties,! and for the comprehensive account of the respeit- fve parishes or hamlets that were brought under review. '-Lon. Gcti(. J/ap., 1S41. p,l,„,i:. See this periodical for an interesting account ot the dis- couragements under which Mr. Baker found himself placed At the lime of the publication of Fart V. he had suffered a loss of no less than 220 subscribers since he first issued his prospectus. The arduous labours of such able and indefatigalile topographers should be encouraged hv he-irtv co-operation and a spirit of prompt liberality. •Baker, Sir George, Bart., M.D., 1722-1809, was the sou of the Rev. George Baker, archdeacon and i-egis- trar of Totness. He was entered at King s College, Cam- bridge, in 1742, and took the degree of M.D. in 175fa. He was honoured by the appointment of physician in or- dinary to Queen Charlotte, aud afterwards to Geo. 111. Sir George was eminent as a classical scholar; both his Latin and "English compositions have been highly com- mended by severe judges. He pub. Dis.sertatio de Affce- tibus A.nimi. Cantab., 1755. Oralio Haveriana, Lon., 1751 1761 Calci Oratione. Lon.. 1701. De Catarrho et de ilVsenteria Londineusi Epidemieis utristiue, 1762. An Inouiry into the Merits of a Method of Inoculation of the Small Pox, which is now practised in several of the coun- ties of En-land, Lon., 1766. An Essay concerning _tlio cause of the Eudemial Colic of Devonshire, Lon., lifai. Opuscula Medica, iterum edita, Lon., 1771. He also con- tributed to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1762, 78, and So; and to *^" He dtedln his SSth year, after having passed a long life with- out anyTf those infirmities from which he h.^d relieved thousands in the course of his practice; and died so easily, and apparently so f,« from pain, thit the remarkable words of Cicero may be said of hta, A>» V«i fuit vita errpta, sul mors donala: • He was not de- prived of life, but presented with death.' ' Bifu'siys Bishop Bolsuet. on the death of a great man. ■ n'a paslui M \a v,e mau iutlm un pr^mt de la vun-f No man. perhaps, ever followed the career of physic, and tlie elegant paths of the Greek and Ro man Muses, for the space of several years, with more success than Sir Geor-e Baker; the proofs of which may be seen in his pul> lished and unpublished works, the splendour of his fortune, the esteem, respect, and admiration of his contemporaries. —A tchoh s Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii. ,. > -.i. Baker, Henry, 1703-1774, a learned naturalist, with some pretensions as a poet. An Invocation to Health ; a Poem, Lon., 1722. Original Poems. 1725-26. The Mi- croscope made easy, a work highly commended, Lon., 174'1- several editions; trans, into German, Amst, 1 1 44. Emnloyment for the Microscope, Lon., 1753. The Lni- verse- a Philosophical Poem, intended to restrain the nride'of Man: often reprinted. He c.mtributed to t,he Lin Trans.. 1740: to the Phil. Trans., 1744, '48, '50, 'o5, '57 'and '60 Mr. Baker was very successful in imparting knowledge to the deaf and dumb, of which art he m;ide a profession. Ue married the youngest daughter ol Daniel BAK I Defoe. The Bnkerian Lecture of the Royal Society was founded by Ibis gentleman. Baker, Henry, son of the preceding, wrote Essays, I Pastoral and Elegiac, Lon., 1756. _ Baker, Humphrey. The Well-Spring of Science, Lon., 1562: a very popular work on arithmetic. " Of all works on arithmenc prior to tli>- puWicatinn of Cocker's celebrated book on the same siil.j.rtd'-.os.i this ..1 .akcrs ap- proaches nearest to the masterpiece uf that o.l.OM.,od.o.thn,,.tc,an : . . It continued to he constantly rcpniitcd till los., the latest edition we have met with." — Jio.'e's Biog. Diet. Ho translated from the French, Rules and Documents concerning the Use and Practice of the Common Alma- nacs, Lon., 1587. ... . „ . , Baker, J. His. of the Inquisition in Spain, 4c., Weston, 1734. , ,^ , ^, ., , „ Baker, J. B. Grammar of Moral Philos. and N. The.d.,1811. _^ ^ . ,n ., Baker, James. Guide of Wales, 1793. Imperial Guide. Baker, John. Lectures upon the Articles, Lon., 1581-3—4. Baker, John W. E.xperiments in Agricult., vol. vi. ^^ B'aker, Osman C, b. 1812, at Marlow, N.H Bishop M E. Church. 1. Discipline of the M. h. Church, 12nio, nD 253. 2. Last Witness, 24mo, pp. 108. Baker,Peter. E-xpositiou on Acts xi. 27-30,Lon.,1597. Baker, Rachel. Sermons del'd during Sleep, 1815. Baker, Uichard. Idea of Arithmetick, Lon., 16o5. Baker, Uichard, Chap, to the Brit. Residents at Hamburg. The German Pulpit: being a Selection of Sermons by the most eminent modern Divines ol Ger- manv. Lnn., 1829. , t „ Baker, Richard, pub. sever.al theolog. works, Lon., 17S'^-1S11 The Psalms of David Evangelized, 1811. •• A practical work, adiipted to the use "f S''™"" I'fj''^' "^ hlin- them to read the Psalms with understanding and devotion. It Si be found both pleasant and profitable to pious per- sons." — Evavgdical Magmin*'. Baker, Sir Richard, 156S?-1645, the grandson of Sir John Baker, chancellorof the exchequerto Henry \ 111., was born at Sissingherst, in Kent. In 1584 ho was en- tered as commoner at Hart Hall iu Oxford, where he re- mained for three years. In 1603 he was knighted b.y King James I. He married a daughter of Sir George Mainwar- in.' of I"htfiel.l, in Shropshire ; and becoming surety lor the obligations of some members of this family, he was stripped'^of his property, and thrown into the Fleet prison, where he remained until bis death. He turned author in the hope of soothing his sorrows, profitably employing his time, and providing for his ne- cessities. His earliest work bears date 1636, wdien the author was 67 or 68 years of age. It is entitled Cato Va- riegatus, or Cato's Moral Distiches varied Thi.s is a poem In addition to his " Chronicle," of which we shall speak presently, he published a number of other works, the prin- cipal of which are; Meditations .and Disqu.si lons^ on the Lord's Prayer, 1637. This attained its 4th edition in 1640. Sir Henry Wotton, his (piondam fellow-student, examined this work in MS., and spoke of it in the following hand- '"'TZradmire the veiy character of your st.vle, -«* ^^.^^^h to me to have not a little of the .\frican idea of ^ Austin s Age , full of sweet raptures, and of researching conceits; nothing bor- rowed, nothing vulgar, and yet aU flowing from you (.1 know not how) with a certain equal facility." Meditations and Disquisitions on the three last Psalms of David, 1639. On the 50th Psalm ; the 7 Penitential Psalms : the first Psalm ; the seven Consolatory Psalms, 1639-1040. Med. and Prayers on the ( days ot the week, 1640 Apology for Laymen's writing Divinit.y. 1641. Theatrum Redivivnm. in answer to Mr. Prynne s H.strio- Mastrix, 1662. Theatrum Triumphans. The two la»t are ascribed to him, though not pub. until after his death It is supposed that Archbishop Williams purchased our au- thor's books for £500. He made some translations from the French and Itali.an. . tt.„„„ Sir Richard is best known by the Chronicle of the Kings of England, (1641,) which was the historical treasury of our ancestors before the publication of Rapin s History. Itwasrepub.in 1653 and 1658. To the last edition was added the reign of Charles L, witli a continuation to 16o8, by Edward Phillips, nephew to Milton. A fourth edition appeared in 1665, with a continuation to the coronation ot Charles II The Account of the Restoration was princi- pally written Ijy Sir Thomas Clarges, (brother-in-law of the "Duke of Albemarle,) though adopted by Phillips. Thomas Blount published a severe criticism upon the work under the title of Animadversions upon Sir Richard BAK Baker's Chronicle and its Continuation, which Anthony Wood considered to be well deserved : " But so it was, that the Author Baker, and his continuator Phillips, having committed very manv errors, Thoni. Bl.mnt pub Animadversions, Sic. . . which book containini; only a sii.dmrn of the errors, it may easily be discerned what the whole Chronicle containeth." — Atlten. Oxnn. Another ed. 1684. Another abridged, and a continua- tion to 1726, was pub. 17:iO. In all, 12 editions liave been printed. Another in 1733, called the best edition, but it lacks many curious papers contained in the early editions, especially in the first ed., (16il.) Thom.as Blount was not the only censurer of Sir Rich- ard's Chronicle. Bishop Nicolson remarks that " The author was a person of those accomplishments in wit and language, that his Chronicle has been the best read and liked of any hitherto published: the method is new, and seems ters in connexion with the Bot. Soc. of Edin. and the Brit. Ass. tor tbe Advancement of Science. Balfour, or Balforcus, Robert, a Scottish philo- sopher of the seventeenth century. President of Guyenno College at Bordeaux. Barthius praises in high terms an edition of Cleomedes pub. (Burd., 1005) by Balfour. " His writings display an extent oferudition which reflects honour on the literary character of his country." — Irving'' s Lives of Scottish Podx, q. V. Vcrsio et Notai ad Gelazium. Ac, Par., 1599. Versio et Comm. ad Cleomedis Meteora, Burd., 1()05. Commeutarii, kc. Aristoteiis. Burd.. ICtlfi. Comm. in Organnm Aristo- telis. Burd.. 10]«. Do. in Ethiea, Ac, Par., Ifi20. Balfour, Robert, D.D., late minister of the Outer High Church, Glasgow. Serms.. Glasg.. 1S19. Balfour, Walter, 177G-1S52, a native of Scotland, d. in i\Iassaehusetts. He was educated for the Church of Scot- land by Robert Haldane, but became a Baptist at 30 years of age, and afterwards a Univcrsalist. Three Essays on the Intermediate State of the Dead, 12mo, Charlestown, 1S2S. Other works. Balfour, Wm. Medical Works. Edin., 1814-18. Balf^rave, J. Sup. to Culpepper's E. Physic, Lon., Bals;uv,Chas,, M.D. Epistolo de Morbo Miliari,Lon., 175.^. Con. to .AIc.l. Ess.. 1736; Phil. Trans., 1734. Balguy, John, 168(5-1748, was entered of St. John's College. Cambridge, in 1702, where he took the degree of M.A.in 1726. He took part in the Bangorean controversy, and pub. three pamphlets in defence of Dr. Hoadly, under the name of Silvius. His treatises were levelled against Drs. Stcbbiug and Sherlock. In 1726, he attacked the opinions of Lord Shaftesbury, in A Letter to a Deist. In 1728, he pub. The Foundation of Moral Goodness: or, A Further Inquiry into the Oriijinal of our Itlea of Virtue. This was in answer to Mr. Hutcbeson's Intjuiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue. His Essay on Redemption, pub. 1741. was one of his most popular works. Ho burned many of his sermons, that his son (see next artii'b) iiiii^bt br- thrown entirely on his own resources. Bal^uy, Thomas, D.D.. 171fi-1795. son of the above, was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1732, and took the degree of D.D. in 1758. In the same year Bishop Hoadly appointed him Archdeacon of Winchester. Ho preached at the consecration of Bishops Shipley, Shute, Barrington, North, Hurd, and Moore. These Sermons were all pub. separately, 1769-75. Divine Benevolence As- serted and Vindicated from the Reflections of Ancient and Modern Skeptics, 1782. He edited the Serms. of Dr. Powell, to which he prefixed his Life, and in 1785 edited a new edition of bis father's Essay on Redemption. Two years later he pub. Discourses on Various Subjects. " Hiy work on Divine Benevolence is a most able answer to An- cient and Modern Skeptics." — liOWSDES. Ball. Essay on Agriculture. 8vo. The Farmer's Guide, Svo. See Dimaldson's AgricuU. Biog.. and Weston's Tracts. Ball, Edward. The Idiot Boy, Jkc, Poems. Norw., 1814. Author of over 100 dramatic pieces, under the nom de rtlume of Edward Fitzball. 107 BAL BAL Ball, J. On an Epistle to Rev. R. Hill, ISOr. Ball, J. The Importance of Right Apprehensions of God, &o. In a Letter to a Friend^ Lon., 1736. Ball, John, a preacher who participated in the Kent insurrection in 1381, of which Wat Tyler was the hero, is famous for having preached a sermon to a congregation of one hundred thousand insurgents on Blackheath, from the text "When Adam delved, and Eve span. Who was then the gentlemau?" The preacher, in company with Jack Straw, and about 15U0 others, was hanged July 2, 13S1. Some of his letters are preserved in the chronicles of the times. He used his pen as well as his voice to propagate sedition. Ball, or Balle, John, 16S5-1640, a Puritan divine of considerable note, entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1602 ; B. A. at St. Mary's Hall, 1608. He wrote a number of theological and ecclesiastical works. A Short Treatise concerning all the principal grounds of the Christian Reli- gion. A very popular work, which Wood tells us was pub. 14 times ante 1632. It was extensively used in the instruc- tion of children. In 1666 it was translated into Turkish by William Seamen, an English traveller, under the title of Catechism, or Principal Grounds of the Christian Reli- gion, Oxf. A Treatise of Faith, Lou., 1632. Several of Eis works were in opposition to publications in favour of Becession from the Church of England. " Though somewhat disaffected to ceremonies and Church disci- pline, yet he confuted such as conceived the corruption therein ground enough for a separation." — Athen. Oxon. ; Fidier''s WorthUs. Baxter speaks of him in high terms : " He deserved au high esteem and honour as the best bishop in England ; yet looking after no higher things than these:" i. €. the small profits of the little school, and his £20 yearly salary. " He was an excellent schoolman and schoolmaster, (qualities seldom meeting in the same niau,) a painful preacher, and a pro- fitable writer; and his Treatise of Faith canuot be sutSciently commended. Indeed lie lived by faith, having but small means to maintain him. . . . aud yet was wont to say be had enough, enough, enough : thus contentment consisted not in heaping on more fuel, but in taking away some fire. He had a holy facetious- ness in his discnurse. When his friend, having had a fall from his horse, and said that he never had the like deliverance, ' Yea,' said Mr. Balle, 'and an hundred times when you never fell;' ac- counting God's preserving us from, equal to his rescuing us out of dangers. ... He hated all new lights and pretended inspirations besides Scripture: and when one asked him, • whether he at any time had experience thereof in his own heart,' 'No,' said he, 'I bless God; and if I should ever have such phantasies, I hope God ■would give me grace to resist them.' Notwithstanding his small means, he lived himself comfortably, relieved others charitably, left his children competently, and died piously." — WorVnes. BalU John. Antiquities of Constantinople, in 4 books, trans, from the Latin of Gyllius, le labour of thought on the part of the author. The American edition of 1812, purporting to con- tain the American law of Limitations, has reference to seventy-one decisions.'' — Mirvin's Legal Bibl. Ballantine, Wm. Introduc. to Latin Reading, 1815. Ballantyue, James, d. 1833, the friend and co-part- ner of vSir Walter Scott, contributed many articles to the Edinburgh Evening Courant ante 1817; after which period he edited the Edinburgh Weekly Journal, which was the property of his firm. BaUantyne,John,d. LS21, brother of the preceding, was the confidant of, and manager for, the Great Unknown. He was the author of The Widow's Lodgings, a novel. Ballard. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1608. Ballard, Edward. Sermons, 1734r-46. 108 Ballard, Edward. Stock-broker's Vade Mecum, Lon:, 1799. Ballard, George, d. 1755, was born at Campden, in Gloucestershire. Whilst employed in the shop of a habit- maker, he devoted his spare hours to the study of the Saxon language. His zeal for learning attracted the notice of that excellent Saxon scholar, Mrs. Elstob. By the kindneps of the first Lord Chedworth, he was removed to Oxford, and an annuity of £60 (he declined to accept £100, which was oflered to him) was allowed him. He was appointed one of the eight clerks of Magdalene College, and was subsequently chosen one of the University beadles. He pursued his researches with great zeal in the Bodleian Li- brary, and left the results in the shape of large collections of MSS., now preserved in the same depository. His ac- count of Campden Church was read before the Society of Antiquaries, Nov. 21, 1771. His only printed work is Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, who have been celebrated for their Writings, or Skill in the learned Languages, Arts, and Sciences, Oxford, 1752; Lon., 1775. Sixty-two ladies are here chronicled, commencing with Juliana of Norwich, born about 1347, and ending with Constantia Griersou, who died in 1733. *' It is pretty certain that England hath produced more women famous for literary accomplishments, than any other nation in Europe." — Preface. " We find that the lives of eminent or worthy persons are gene- rally, and deservedly, well received by the public: of which we have here a new instance, added to the mauy of prior date, that it would be needless to cite, in Mr. Ballard's Memoirs; a work that has not wanted the assistaiRc and encouragement due to so com- mendable an undertakiiii;."^-V"'((/(/y Review,\1hZ. Hearne notices Mr. Ballard's labours: "I know not what additions Mr. George Ballard can make to Mr. Stowe's life ; this I know, that being a taylor himself, he is a great admirer of that plain, honest antiquary."' — LdUr to Baler, 1735; qu'.if'.d III/ NicMoIs. Ballard, Reave. Sermons, 17-15-46. Ballcnden, or Bellendeu, or Balantyn, Sir, or Dr. John, d. 1550, a Scottish poet and historian, was a doctor of the Sorbonne at Paris. By command of James v., he translated Hector Boethius's History from the Latin into the Scottish tongue. The translation was made ''with a good deal of freedom, departing often from his author, but generally for the sake of truth ; and sometimes, also, adding circumstances which, perhaps, might not be known to Hector Boece. Howt'%^er, his version, as he called it, was very well received both in Scotland and England, and soon became the standard of that History." — Bior/. Brit. He was archdeacon of Murray, canon of Bosse, and clerk of the register. His traus. of the first five books of Livy has been highly commended : " Ar^ a specimen of the ancient language of Scotland and of the prose style of the purest of her early writers, this translatiMn of Livy is peculiarly valuable. In rendering the animated descriptions of Livy's pictured page, the translator evinces all the imagination and vigour of a writer untrammelled by the necessity of adopting the tiii)n>i;hts and t^entiineiits of another." Bailer, Bichard. Psalms Evangelized, 1811. Ballidon, J. See Balidon. Balliu, Miss. The Statue-Room: an Hist. Tale, 1790. Ballingall, Sir George, d. 1855 ; from 1823 to '55, Prof. Military Surgery in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Out- lines of Military Surgery, 8vo. 2. On the Site and Con- struction of Hospitals, 4to. 3. Observations on the Dis- eases of the European Troops in India. "This is a very interesting volume; Sir George Ballingall is already favourably known to the profession by former writings, and the present work will not derogate from his literary or hia professional reputation." — Johnson's Journal. " We aro glad to see this admirable work attain to its third edi- tion. If the place of a gre.at school of Military Surgery could be supplied by a book, Sir George Ballingall has gone far to supply that desideratum." — United ^rvice Magazine. Ballon, Bev.Hosea, 1771-1852, b. Richmond, N.H., a prominent Univcrsalistminister. 1. Notes on the Parables, 1SU4. 2. Treatise on the Atonement. 3. Candid Review. 4. Authenticity of the Scriptures. In 1819, he commenced The UniversaUst Mag., to which he contrib. many original hymns. In connexion with his great-nephew, Rev. Hosea Ballon, 2d, he commenced, in 1831, the pub. of the Uni- versal Expositor, now pub. as the Universalist Quarterly Review. 5. Lecture Serms., 1831. 6. An Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution, 1834. Life by his son, M. M. Ballon, (7. v.) His published works would make more than one hundred 12mo vols. Ballon, Hosea, 2d, b. 1796, Guilford, Vt. The An- cient History of Universalism, from the time of the Apos- tles to its Condemnation in the Fifth General Council, A.n. 553, Bost., 1829, 12mo: Providence, 1842, Ed. Sis- mondi's History of the Crusades, Bost, 1833, 12mo; Ex- BAL BAM positor and Universalist Rev.. Bost., 1831-40 ; Univ. Quar. au'l Genenil Rev.. Bost., 1854-55. Ballou, Watui'in M., b. 1822. at Boston, Mass. 1. Ili^turv of Cuba: or, Notes of a Traveller in the Tropics. 2. Biography of Rev. Hosea Balluu, (his father.) 3. Life- Storjof Ilosea Baltou: a juvenile work. Editor and pro- prietor of Ballou's Pictorial and the Flaj; of our Union. Ballon, 3Ioses, b. 1811, Monroe Mass., nephew of Rev. Ilnsea Ballou. 1. Memorial of Sanford. 2. The Divine Character Vindicated : a Reply to Beechers Con- flict of Ages. Contrib, to Universalist Quarterly since 1840. l?ally, (-corge. Four I'oems, pub. 1754, '56, '5S, "67. Kalinaiii, W. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1799. Balmaiino, Mrs. Mary, wife of the succeeding, b. in Derbyshire, England, has gained srime reputation as an artist, poetess, and composer of music. She has contrib. many articles to the English Annuals, and pub. several lyrics since her residence ia America. She has edited the Gems of Moore's Poetry, (illustrated.) with prose introduc- tion and conclusions to each, and an illustrated edition of Byron's Works. She pub., N.Y.. 1858. 8vo. a vol. entitled Pen and Pencil, illustrated with cuts, a majority of which were drawn on the block by her own hand. The beautiful drawing of all the flowers mentioned by Shakspeare, which excited so much attention at the New York Crystal Palace in 1853-54 and was so highly lauded in the English and American papers, was the production of Mrs. Balmanno. Her force and depth of colouring have elicited great ad- miration. Balmanno, Robert, b. 17S0, near Aberdeen, Scot- land, is a descendant of an ancient family, of which there are records existing temji. James VI. of Scotland and I. of England. Mr. B. has contrilnited many articles to the London periodicals and to the New York Knickerbocker, Evening Post, and Graham's (Phila.) Magazine. For many years he has been a resident of New York ; and, although DOW (1858) at an advanced stage of life, he is still distin- guished for that literary enthusiasm and exquisite taste in letters and the fine arts which rendered him so great a favourite with Sir Thomas Lawrence, C. A. Stothard. Henry Fuseli, Thomas Moore, Sir Martin A. Shec, Crofton Croker, and a host of departed worthies, whose numerous unpub- lished letters to Mr. B. and now in his possession would form a rich entertainment to the present generation. For some notices of Mr. Balmanno, see Mrs. Stothard's Life of C. A. Stothard, and a Letter from Sir Walter Scott to Sir Adam Ferguson, dated August 2, 1827. Balmer, Robert, D.D.. 1787-1844. Prof, of Syste- matic Theology to the United Secession Church. Aca- demical Lectures antl Pulpit Discourses, 2 vols. ,Edin., 1845. Balinford, James, the son of a carpenter, studied at Oxford, and entered the Church. Carpenter's Chippes, 1607. A Short and plain Dialogue concerning the Un- lawfulness of Playing at Cards, or Tables, or any other Games consisting in Chance. Short Catechism, 2d ed., 1607. A Modest Reply to a work of Gataker's, upon Lots. Balnaves, Henry, d. 1579, was a native of Kirk- caldy, county of Fife, Scotland. He was a zealous pro- moter of the Reformation. John Knox gives him the cha- racter of a very learned and pious divine. In 1563 he was made one of the Lords of Session, and was one of the com- mittee appointed to revise the book of discipline. Whilst imprisoned in the castle of Rouen, he wrote what is called by Knox, a Comfortable Treatise of Justification, Edin., ]550. The high estimation in which this work is still held, is evinced by its having been lately republished at a cheap rate by the London Religious Tract Society, for wide circulation. Confession of Faith, concerning how the troubled Man should seek refuge in God, Edin., 1584. This work has a prefatory Epistle from John Knox. There is a poem of Balnavcs's in Ramsay's Collection. '• He w:is a Kodly. learu'-d, and loug experimented counsellor." — SiK James Mei-vil. See Knight's English Cvclopedia, Biography, vol. i. ; Rymer. Fcedera, xiv. 781, 783, 786, 792. xv. 142, 144; Sad- ler, State Papers, i. 8-3, 430; Balf., Ann., i. 305; Hist, of King James VI., 35; Knox, Hist., 35,41; Keith, Hist., 529; McCrie, Life of Knox, 39, n. ; Catalogue of Senators of the Coll. of Just.. 60, eeq. Baltharpe, John. The Straight's Voyage, [contain- ing an expedition to Algiers,] or St. David's Poem. Sold at Lloyd's sale for £0 12«. Gd. Baltimore, Lord. Answer to Town-tell-Truth, Lon., 1642. His Case concerning the Province of Maryland, Lon., 1653. Baltimore, Fred. Calvert, Lord, d. 1772. Tour to the East, in the year.- 1763 and 17tU. with remarks on the City of Constantinople and the Turks. Also select Pieces of Oriental Wit, Poetry, and Wisdom, Lon., 1767; Dubl., 1768. Gaudia Poetica, Latina, Anglica, et Gallica Lingua composita, anno 1769. Augustie, 1770, 4to, with plates. Privately printed (10 copies only) for presents. Sold at Reed's Sale for £6 10s ; Bindley's, £7 Is. Ccelestes et Inferni, Venet. 1771. Balward, John. Sermon, 1774. Bamfield, or Bamford, Joseph, an active soldier in the civil war between King Charles I. and the Parliament, published an Apology, an historical tract, now very rare. " A m.in of wit and parts."— Earl of Clarendon. Bamfield, S. A. New Treatise of Astron., Oxon, 1764. Bamfield, Thos. Reply to Dr. Wallas's Report con- cerning the Christian Sabbath, Lon., 1673. Baniford, James. Plague's Infection. Lon., 1600. Bampfield, or Bampfylde, Francis, d. 16S4, entered Wadham College, Oxford, in 1631. He had a pre- bend in the Church of Exeter, and subsequently was a minister at Sherburn in Dorsetshire, of which he was de- prived by the Act of Uniformity of 1662. His indejiend- ence of character is amply proved by the peculiarities of the views which he not only held, but zealously promul- gated. His principal works are Judgment for Observation of the Jewish Sabbath, Lon., 1672, sent in a letter to Mr. Will Ben. All in One. Lon., 1677. "The desijrn of which fiintasticaiid unintelligible book is for the advancement and augment of useful Arts, and of profitable Sci- ences, in a Scriptural way, and that all Philosophy be taught out of the Sciiptme, and not from Heathen authors. . . . 'Tis full of bomltast. great swelling, and forced language, and oftentimes un- intelligible."— Wood. The House of Wisdom. 1681, '' In whit-h fantastical book the author would have the Hebrew tongue and language to be the universal chamoter over all the in- habited earth, to be t-aught in all schools, and children to be taught it as their mother language. He proposes a way for the erection of Academies to have it taught, and all Philosophy to pro- ceed from Scripture, to have all books translated into that lan- guage, and I know not wh.at." — Ihid. Historical Declaration of The Life of Shim Asher, 16S1. Grammatical Opening of some Hebrew Words and Phrases in the beginning of the Bible. Falling under the displea- sure of the government — having refused to take the oaths, on the plea that *' the King of kings forbade him to take them" — he was cast into prison, where he died in 1684. Anthony Wood makes him the subject of one of his strongly-drawn portraits; '■ He was always a person so strangely fickle and unsteady in his judgment, that he was first a Churchman, then a Presby- terian, afterwards an Independent, or, at least, a sider with them, an Anabaptist, and at length almost a compleat Jew. and what not. He was also so enthusiastical and canting, that he did al- most craze and distract many of his disciples by his amazing and frightful discourses." Bampfield, or Bamfylde, John. Sixteen Sonnets, Lon., 1770. "The author was truly a man of genius: he published his son- nets at a very early age; they are some of the most original in our language. He died in a private mad-house after twenty yeiirs' confinement." — Southey''s Specimens of the Later EngJink Poets. These sonnets will be found in Park's Collection of the Poets. Bampfield, R. W. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1814. Treatise on Tropical Dysentery, Lon., 8vo. On Curvatures and Diseases of the Spine, including all the forms of Spinal Distortion, Lon., Svo. Amer. ed., by John K. Mitchell, M.D., Prof. Prac. Med. in Jefferson Med. Coll., Phila. "The very best treatise on spinal diseases and their treatment extant." — Med. Exanmier. *• We heartily recommend this book to all who feel an interest in the matter, and especially in these days of degenerating spe- cialities." — N. T. Jour, of Mi'd. " The treatise is a very valuable one. and we cheerfully recom- mend it to the profession." — New Orhans Med. Jour. Bampton, John, of New Coll., Oxon. Serm., Ifill. Bampton, Rev. Jno., Canon of Salisb., 1689-1751, educated at Trinity College, Oxford, deserves honourable mention as the founder of the celebrated series of Lectures which bear his name. He gave his lands and estates to the University of Oxford, upon trust, for the endowment of Eight Divinity Lecture-Sermons, to be delivered annu- ally : the subjects, To confirm and establish the Christian Faith, and to confute all heretics and schismatics upon the divine authority of the Hfdy Scriptures : The authority of the writings of the Primitive Fathers as to the faith and practice of the primitive Church : The Divinity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ : The Divinity of the Holy Ghost: The articles of the Christian Faith as compre- hended in the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. The Bamp- ton Lectures form a most valuable body of divinity: fur BAN BAN 1805. E. N'ares. 1806. J. Browne. 1807. T. Le Mesurier. 1508. J. Penrose. 1509. J.B.S.Carwithen. 1510. T Falconer. 18U. .1. BMlake. 1812. R. Mant. 1813. J. Collinson. 1811. W. Van Mildert. 181.5. R. Ileber. ISIO. J. II. Spry. 1817. J. Miller. 1818. 0. A. Moysev. 1819. H. D. Morgan. 1820. Q. Faussett. 1821. J. Jones. 1822. R. Whateley. 1823. C. Goddard. 1824. J.J. Convbeare. 1825. G. Chandler. 1826. W. Taux. 1827. II. H. Milman. 1828. T. Uorne. 1829. E. Burton, 1S30. II. iioames. 1S.-31. T.W.Lanra.ster. 1832. R. D. Hampden. 1833. F. Nolan. 1834. None. 1835. None. 1.536. C. A. Ogilvie. 1837. T. S. L. A-ojran. 1.S3S. II. A.Woodg.ate. 1839. W.D.Convlieare. 1840. E. Il.awkins. 1841. Not prearhed. 1842. J. Garliett. 1843. A.Grant. 1844. W. J. Jelf. 1846. C. A. Heurtley. 1846. A. Short. 1847. W. H. Shirley. 1848. E. G. Marsh. 1849. R. Mirhell. 1850. E. M.Goulbum. 1851. H. B. -Wilson. 1852. J. B. Riddle. notices of them, consult the names of the Lecturers in the present volume. We append a list, chronologicallj' arranged. 17S0. J. Bandinell. 1781. T. Neve. 1782. R. Holmes. 1783. J. Cobb. 1784. J. White. 1785. R. Churton. 1786. G. Croft. 1787. W. Hawkins. 1788. R. Shepherd. 1789. E. Tatham. 1790. II. Kett. 1791. R. Morres. 1792. J. Eveleigh. 1793. J. Williamson. 1794. T. Wintle. 1795. D. Veysie. 1796. R. Grav. 1797. Vf. Finch. 1798. C. HaU. 1799. W. Barrow. ISOO. G. Richards. 1801. G. S. Faber. 1802. G. F. Nott. 1603. J. F.xrrer. 1804. R. Laurence. Complete sets are rarely to be found : several volumes being very scarce. A set, 1780-1850, is worth about £40 to £45. Banastcr, Banastre, or Banestre, Gilbert, a poet and musician of the 15th century. His only work e-xtant is The Miracle of St Thomas,"l467 : in "MS. in Bene't College Library." — RiTSOS. '■ The Ptxiphcsu'S of BanhUr of Eniiland are not uncommon among manuscripts." In the Scutch Pt-opJiesie-'!. printed at Edin- burgh. 1680. Bannister is mentioned as the author of some of them. * As Berlington's bonks and BitnasU^r teU us.' p. 2. Again, ' Beid hath brieved in his tiook, and Banesler also,' p. 18. He seems to be confounded witti William Banister, a writer of the reign of Edward the Third." — KTiWo/rs lli&lory cf English Poetry. Baucks, J. Miscell. Works, Lon., 1738-39. Baiicks, Robt. Mathemat. Con. to Nic. Jour., 180S. Bancroft, A. Hist, of C. Weutworth, Esq., Lon., 1770. Bancroft, Aaron, D.D., 1755-1S39. for more th.an half a century minister of a Congregatiou.al (Unitarian) church at Worcester, Mass. Life of George Washington, 1807. Pub. in London, by Stockdale, in 1808. Several editions of this work have been published. Bancroft, E. N., M.D., son of the following, was a military physician, and author of two publications, both in 1808, respecting the Medical Department of Armies. He warmly opposed the opinions of Drs. McGregor and Jackson on this subject. He also pub. an Essay on the Yellow Fever, 1811, and a Sequel thereto in 1817. Bancroft, Edward, M.D., d. 1821, was noted for his extensive knowledge of science in general. He was inti- mate with Drs. Franklin, Priestley, and other philosophers of the day. An Essay on the Natural History of Guiana, Lon., 1769. " Besides natural history, this work may be consulted with ad- vantage on the manners, itc. of the natives." " W'ritten in a very unaffected mannei-. and containing a groat deal of information which was new at the time." Experimental Researches concerning the Philosophy of Permanent Colours, Lon., 1794. The same arranged, with large additions, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. "The most scientific work on the subject." Bancroft, George. Trans, of the Answer of the Preacher's at Basle respecting the Administration of the Lord's Supper, 154.S-49, Svo. Bancroft, George, b. 1800, in Worcester, Mass., is a son of the Rev. Aaron Bancroft, D.D., author of a Life of Washington. (See ante.) He entered Harv,ard College at the early age of 13, and graduated with the second honours of his class in 1817. In 181 S he visited Germany, where he prosecuted his studies under the eminent scholars Heeren and Schlosser. His original destination was the pulpit, and he preached several discourses, which produced a favourable opinion of his talents in this department; Imt a love of lite- rature proved the stronger attachment. Fur a short period he held the post of Greek Tutor in Harvard College. His first publication was a volume of Poems, (1823,) followed in the next year by a translation of Heeren's Reflections on the Politics of Ancient Greece. Shortly before this, in conjunc- tion with Dr. Joseph G. Cogswell, (now superintendent of the Astor Library,) ho opened the Round Hill School at Northampton, and in the intervals of instruction he occu- pied himself in supervising and publishing a translation of Heeren's Histories of the States of Antiquity and of the Po- litical System of Europe and its Colonies from the Discovery of America to the Successful Termination of the Struggle for Freedom of the British Colonies. Mr. Bancroft now turned 110 his attention to politics, in which field he displayed consi- derable ability. In January, 1838, he was appointed, by President Van Buren, Collector of the Port of Boston, and discharged the duties of this office with great fidelity for three years. In 1844 he was the candidate of the Demo- cratic party for the ofHce of Governor of the State of Massa- chusetts, and received a large vote, though not elected. In 1845, Mr. Bancroft was appointed .Secretary of the Navy, and proved a most useful public officer: he suggested many reforms, established the Nautical School at Annapolis, and improved the Astronomical Observatory at Washington. In 184B, he w,as appointed minister-plenipotentiary to Great Britain, and resided in London until 1849, receiving those gratifying testimonials of esteem and respect which mere official position is unable to command. On his return to America he adopted the city of New York as his residence. Some of his orations have been published ; and he is the author of several articles in the North American and Boston Quarterly Reviews. He printed a Fourth-of-July Or.ation in 1826, delivered at the request of the town of Northampton; and, in 1836, an oration delivered at Spring- field was published, and went through several editions. As an author, Mr. Bancroft is best known by his His- tory of the United States, the first part of which, embrac- ing the History of the Colonization of the United States, is comprised in three volumes : 1st, pub. 1834; 2d, 1837; 3d, 1840. Vol. iv., being vol. i. of the History of the Revolution, was pub. in 1852, and vol. v. in 1853. The first portion of this work contains an account of the set- tlement of the 13 original states, the Spanish settlements in Florida, the French discovery, and colonization of Mi- chig.an and Wisconsin ; the discovery of the Mississippi, the colonization of Illinois and Indiana, of Mississippi and Louisiana, and the attempts at colonizing Texas by La Salle. The topics " Most interesting to the people of the great Valley of the Mis- sissippi, are deline^ated more fully than in any American work, and from original sources; the work is richly illustrated by maps, sketches, and engravings, particularly by heads uf f he Winthrops, of Smith, of William I'enn. and Franklin; facsimiles of the maps of the A'alley of the Mississippi, and of L.ake Superior, with sketches illustrating Indian life and appearance." "The History of the United States is a work of great research, and. while tiie author states his own opinions decidedly and strongly, it is pervaded by a fair and just spirit. The style is vigorous, clear, and frank,— not often rising into eloquence, but frequently picturesque, and always free from imitation and from pedantry : it is, in fact, what it professes to be,— a national work, —and is worthy of its great theme."— A'ni'^/iCs Eng. Cyc. So great has been the demand for this work, that the 15th edition of the first 3 vols, was published in 1853. ^ We quote some notices of the History of the Coloniza- tion of the United States, comprising vols, i., ii., and iii. The commendation of the author's distinguished friend and qiiuiulrjm tutor. Professor Heeren, must have been very gratifying to Mr. Bancroft : " We know few modern historic works in which the author has reached so high an elevation at once as an historical inquirer and an historical writer. The great con,scicntiousness with which he refers to his authorities, and his careful criticism, give the most decisive proofs of his comprehensive studies. He has founded his narrative on contemporary docimients, yet without neglecting works of later times, and of other countries. His narrative is everywhere worthy of the suV-ject. The reader is always instructed, ofteii more deeply interested than by novels or romances. The love of country is the muse which inspires the author; but this inspiration is that of the severe historian, which springs from the he.art." — Prof. Heerkn. The value of this opinion is well known to the student of history. Edward Everett justly remarks that " Few writers have better succeeded than Mr. Ileeren in treat- ing questions of antiquity with the spirit of modern philosophical criticism. He is a prudent mediator between the bold specula- tions of some of his countrymen, and the credulous learning of the last century. . . . Mr. Heeren holds a place in the front rank of the professors at Gottingen. is one of the most esteemed Ger- man writers of the present d.ay. is a correspondent of the National Institute of France, and worthy of the f;ime which he enjoys at home and abroad." — ^'orth American Itericw. Lniidari a riro laiidntn Mr. Bancroft must feel to be a sufficient reward for his arduous labours. Frederick Von Raumer does not scruple to say that "Bancroft, Prescott. and Sparks have elTected so much in his- torical composition, that no living European historian can take precedence of them, but rather might feel proud and grateful to be admitted as a companion." As we have quoted Mr. Everett, this seems to be a proper place for a short extract from this distinguished scholar's review of Mr. Bancroft's 1st volume: "A History of the United States, by an American writer, pes. sesses a claim upon our attention of the strongest chai-acter. It would do so under any circumstances; but when we add that the work of Mr. Bancroft 'is one of the ablest of the class which has for vears appeared in the English language; that it compares ad- vantageously with the standard British historians; that as far as BAN BAN it goes, it does su<-h justice to its noble subject as to supersede the necessity of any future work of tlie same kind: and if com- pleted as commenced, will unquestional.ly forever be regarded both as an Amerkan and as an English classic, our readers would justly tbink us unpardonable if we failed to offer our humble tri- bute to its merit."— iV. Amfricau Ji>vieiv, si. 99. On another occasion Mr. Everett remarks: •• This noble theme has been treated with a beauty and a pr>wer by out' whom I need not name in this presence, ithe historian of the United States.) which, without impairing tht-ir authenticity, have converted the several pages of our history into a magniticent Odyssey of national adventure." — Everett's Lecture im the IHscovery of America. The 3d volume was reviewed by a brother historian, W. H. Prescott: " In closiuf; our remarks we must confess our satisfaction, that the favoui-able notice we took of Mr. Bancroft's labours, on his first appearanct;. has been fully ratitifd by his countrymen, and that his Colonial History establishes his title to a place among the great historical writers of the age. The reader will find the pages of thi- prt-sent volume tilled with matter not less interesting and uupoitant than the preceding. lie will meet with the same bril- liant and daring style, the same picturesque sketches of character and imident. the sjime acute reasoning, and compass of erudition." — A. Amertray} Etricio, m. 75. The Edinburgh Review, in concluding a notice of the 3 vols., (9th edition, Boston. 1S41.) remarks : " We cannot take leave of this work without again enforcing upon the mind of the Knglish reader the necessity of perusing it with a catholic spirit. All that is of chief importance in it is en- titled to his esteem. The real liberality. — the general Ciirness. — the labour and conscientious research it evinces. — deserve, and we are assured will receive, his warmest approbation. There are some peculiarities, however, of style, — some modes of expression. — some habits of thought, which are novel; and may. perhaps, not prove entirely grateful to our cisatlantic taste. But Mr. Bancroft's is an American, not an English, production, and must be judged by a reference to American feelings. We treat a German or a French work after this fashion, — and this one. although written in our language, is not subject to our conventional criticism." — Vol. Ixxxv. 116. The democratic animus, thus hinted at. has not been un- noticed at home. Dr. Griswold, while highly commend- ing the History as a whole, observes: " Entering deeply into the spirit of the times, he becomes insen- sibly the advocate of the cause of freedom, which invalidates his testimony. He suffers too much 'his passion to instruct his rea- son.' He is more mastered by his subject than himself master of it. Liberty with him is not the result of an analytical process, but the basis of his work, and he builds upon it synthetically."' — I'rose M'rit'rs oj Anierua. Itli ed.. 1.S62. 4*J5. (Notice of vols, i.-iii. See also, to the same effect, N. Amer. Rev., Ixxxiv. 426, (by Rev. G. E. Ellis.) The London Monthly Review speaks with enthusiasm both of the author and his theme ; "Mr. Bancroft, who is an American himself, possesses the best qualities of an historian. His diligent research, his earnest yet tolerant spirit, and the sustained accumcy and dignity of his style, have been nobly brought to bear upon one of the grandest sub- jects that ever engaged the study of the philosopher, the legislator, or the historian. There can l:>e no doubt of his being posses.sedof the bi-.'hest re^itiisites of an historian." AVliilst there are many on this side of the Atlantic who would not feel disposed to endorse withont reservation the following iui2}rimatur, the literary competency of the his- torian will be questioned by few: " Bancroft is the acknowledged historian of the United States. To him has been awarded by universal consent the task of making the record of our nation's life, with a confidence in his ripe sch"lar- ship. extensive historical knowledge, just discriminatir-n, and the purity of his style, that has in no respect been disappointed. His work is. and must be. the standard history of the country, and as such should re-ach every family, and be studied by every person who would be acquainted with the events of our past existence.'' We have stated that vol. 4th, being vol. Ist of the His- tory of the American Revolution, was published in lSo2. It comprises a period of 16 years, from 1748 to ITG.'i, and is styled The American Revolution ; Epoch First, the Overthrow of the European Colonial System. For the pre- paration of this volume Mr. Bancroft had a large stock of valuable materials never before used — " Particularly the original, unpublished Journal of the Com- mittee of Correspondence of Massachusetts; letters from public committees, from places as far south as Savannah, most of them unpublished, and never read by any writer of American history; and letters from almost every town and village in Massachusetts, from very many in Maine, Xew Hampshire. Rhode Island, and Con- necticut; unpublished letters, giving the history of the periods from 1765 to 1776. from Samuel .\danis, Benjamin Franklin, as agent for Massachusetts, John .\dams, Kichard Henry Lee. Arthur Lee. William Lee. Christopher Gadsden; from Charles Thompson. Dickinson, and many others: a large file of most valuable letters from Joseph Warren; beside letters from William Prescott. Josiah Quincy. Jr.. John Hancock, Gerry, Hawley, Dr. Cooper, and other leading characters in New England." From such materials and so skilful an architect, much was expected, and expectation was not disappointed. "It commences with a preliminary survey of the events that had prepared the inhabitants of the American Continent for the brilliant destiny that was to open before them, and is continued through a period of fifteen momentous years, embracing the seven years' war, the expulsion of the French fi-om Canada, aud the first contests of the people with their governors in the attempt of the latter to subvert their liberties. It describes minutely the pro- gress of each event that tended toward the general result, — now sketching with a vigorous hand the reckless management of the ' Board of Tradii.' in their endeavours for the enforcement of arbi- trary power; then again, holding up to our admiring view the great Pitt, with his masterly genius stemming the storm which was almost ready to break over Europe, and raising bis country to the highest pinnacle of greatness by his consummate states- manship. The work is full of such artistic groupings, and rises at times to the highest point of eloquence. But yet it is not iini- forra. and sometimes sinks almost to mediocrity. In fact, we have seldom read a more uneven book, — some of its chapters, by their extreme terseness of style, rendering you weary, and others car- rying you along with resistless interest. "-^iVorfOH'.t A'. 1'. Lit.G"2dte. Vol. 5th appeared in 1S53. It comprises a period of three years, 1763-1766. and gives a history of the causea of dispute between Great Britain and her American Colo- nies. The enforcement of the Navigation Act, the pai^sage of the Stamp Act. the Pontiae War, the Rockingham Ministry, the temper with which the Stamp Act ^7as re- ceived in the Colonies, and its bold rejection by the first American Congress, the advocacy of the Colonial cause on the floor of Parliament by the first man in England — the great Pitt— the Repeal of the Stamp Act, and the other exciting events of this period are drawn by the hand of a master. ''The further this work proceeds, the more do we feel that it must take its place as an essentially satisfactorj' History of the United States." — Lond/m Alhenfrum. "We quote some more notices of Mr. Bancroft's History, as a whole : "Aside from its artistic excellence, its remarkable unity, bril- ILant narrative, and vivid description, the whole work is full of facts that can be found nowhere else; for no one has had at com- mand richer or more costly materials, or has brought to them greater ability or more persevering industry." "There are more graceful narrators than Bancroft. There may be annalists more searching and profound — though we can scarcely name Ihcni— but for union of history and philosophy, the actual and the idral. in a continuous synthetic composition, he certitinly bearsaway Ibejtalm. . . . Mr. Bancroft's narrative is distinguished for its freedom from vagueness, and its exact nicety of description. In the sphere of facts, he deals in no unmeaning generalities. Whether delineating character or natural scenei-y, his epithets are choice, short-cut, and of expressive fidelity. He never falls intu the error, so common with inferior writers, of losing all distinctr ness of statement in a cloud of general assertions. lie is always specific in his detail, instead of trusting to indefinite sketches. He does not paint in uncertain colours the localities which he wishes to illustrate, but presents their natural features in prominent re- lied"— Geo. Ripley. "At once a philosopher, a poet, a statesman, and an assiduous student, it is not surprising that he has produced a monument of genius and toil which embodies the highest attributes of the in- tellect, and will challenge the admiration of ages." — i\'eiv York Quarterly lieviiw. " Among the historians who have attained a hijh and deserved reputation in the United States, within the last few years, we are inclined to yield the first place to )i the nation during the first portion of this eventful period. — including the blockade of Boston Harbor, the general organization of the country, the alteration of the Charter of Massachusetts, the resistance of the people of aiassachuaetts, the spirit of the South, the Congress of 1774, the progress of measures in England, France, and elsewhere, the battles of Lexington and Concord, the siege of Boston, the Congress of 1775, the choice of Washington as commander-in-chief, the battle of Bunker Hill, &c." " Having thus recognized the claims of the work in general terms, we may be allowed a critical word or two. In the fir-si place, then, the absence of references, notwithstanding the author's ex- planation, is a great defect. We have heard much of the original and unedited historic material in his possession, but fail to trace any striking evidence thereof in the text. The ground over which heleads us is familiar and endeared : Marshall and Sparks. Ramsay aud Gordon, Botta, Everett, and Frothingham, Irving, Lossing, and others, have been our guides in the eame series of events ; and we find little that is novel in the facts narrated by Mr. Bancroft, The prominence given to Samuel Adams, the details of public opinion and sentiment on both sides of the Atlantic, the sketches of European character, and many generalizations, philosophic and political, are the chief features of freshness; and these do not always add to the effect. Many of the longest quotations, though apt and illustrative, are household words to us all. — such as Lord Chatham's famous speech, Burke's description uf tho whale-fishery, Logan's BAN BAN aboriginal iloqnence, and Patrick Henry's appeal." — 11. T. Ticker- man. (Keview of vol. vii., 1858.) '* In spite of all its partiality and all its Bhort-cominga, Mr. Ban- croft's wurk is a remarkable contribution to the history of that Rreat and memorable revolution. Possibly, had be been leas national he would have been less in earnest; and it is good to have an opportunity of seeing from all points of view." — Lon. Crilic. (Keview of vol. vii.) '•The opinion which we have more than once expressed upon the style of Mr. Bancroft's History applies with full force to the volume before us. It is exceedingly picturesque and bright and processional, yet scarcely equal to the vigour of debate or the storm of revolutionary battle. We have only glimpses of the men of the Revolution, and are left to a good deal of surmise as to the secrt-ts of the time. We miss the authoritative notes that lighted up the text of the earlier volumes, and cainiot but. on the whole, express our regret that the author has not bad such complete access to papers as would have given fulness and certainty to this without doubt the only American National History." — ton. Atheii., June 12,1858. (Review of vol. vii.) " Mr. Bancroft, who was Ambassador to London in 1846-49, had thcGovernment archives of Plngland and France freely thrown open to him for the purposes of this hii^tiiry wliile thus engaged, find also was allowed free access to the pri\at'' p;ipers of the noble and political families in both countiits «iiMsr ancestors had been mixed up in our contest. Well and widely has he used them. We had occasion, when his sixth volume appeared, to go over it as critically as we could ; and it is to the credit of his accuracy that wo were able to discover only a single inacruvacy. That was where he committed tautology, by speaking of ' the comity of YorksTfiVe.' Let us hope that tlie continuation of this national work will be pushed forward with some rapidity. Nearly four years have elapsed between the appearance of the two last volumes. Mr. Bancroft describes battles as well as Sir William Napier, who fought them." — Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie. Mr. B. pub. an Abridg. of his Hist, of the Colonization of the U. States. 2 vols. 16mo, out of print, and not repub- lished. In 1855, a vol. of his Miscellanies was pub., N. York. 8vo, and has passed through several edits. Bancrol't, John. Sertorius ; a Tragedy, Lon., 1679. Bancroft, Richard, 154-1-1610, Archbishop of Can- terbury, was a native of Farmswurth in Lancashire. He look the degree of B.A. at Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1567, and then removed to Jesus College. He was in fa- vour with Queen Elizabeth, whom he" attended in her last illness. She nominated him to the see of London, and King James in 1604, promoted him to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. He was a zealous opponent of the Puri- tans, and Clarendon thinks that had his life been prolonged, he would have succeeded in destroying that formidable power which after his death swallowed up both the Church and the Monarchy. On the 12th of January, 1588, he preached a sermon at St. Paul's Cross, in which he handled the Puritans with great severity. See Hickes's Biblio- theca Script. Eccles. Anglicauie. In 1593 he published, 1. Dangerous Positions and Pro- ceedings published and practised within this Island of Britain, under pretence of Refi>rmation and of the Presby- terian Discipline. 2. A Survey of the pretended Holy Discipline. These works " Were liked and greatly commended by the learnedest men in the realm." — Whitgift. Archbishop Bancroft was "A jH'isnii '•rsiii-ul.ir(iiuia'_''-and iMiid.-nce in all matters relate iug I', till- iliM-iphiH> and rst.iblishiiK-nt ••i the Church."— Camden. BaiUToft, Thomas, h. probably about 1600, waa educated at Catherine Hull, Cambridge. Two Bookes of Epigrammes and Epitaths. Dedicated to two top branches of Gentry: Sir Charles Shirley, Baronet, and William Davenport, Esq., London : printed by J. Okes, for Matthew Walbancke, and are to be sold at his shop in Grayes-Inne- gate, 16;?9. This very rare volume contains 481 "Epi- grammes and Epitaths." Priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £20. In the first Bonk occur two " Epigrammes" on Shakspeare : *' Shooke thy Speare," seems to allude to his Crest, which was a Fnlcou supporting a Spear. Bancroft was a contributor tn Lachrymoe Musarum, 1650, in which his poem is thus inscribed: '■To the never-dving Memory of the nnble Lord Hastings. &c., f lie nieAnest son of the Muses consecrates this Elegie." — Bib. AngJ/t- BieHc'i. See Dyce's account of James Shirley, the dramatist, for his lines to that author. Glutton's Feavers. This was reprinted for the members cf the Ilo.xburghe Club, by J. D. Phelps, Esq. In the Restituta, vol. ii. p. 490-96, will he found 19 Epigrams from Bancroft's first work. Heroical Lover, Lon., 1653. Sold in the Reed Sale for £1 10«. 6f/. Bancroft, Thomas. ProlusionesPocticae, Lon. ,1788. Bandinel, Kev. Bulkelcy. For many years he has ha of Fool'^, which is a general satire on tbe times, will bo found entn taining. Nor must it be denied, that his language is more cultivated than that of many of his contempora- ries, an'd that he contributed bis share to the improvement of the English phraseology. His author. Sebastian Brandt, appears to have been a man of universal erudition, and his work, for the most part, is a tissue of citations from the ancient poets and his- torians."— Warton. Barclay's abilities gained him great distinction, even in his life-time : " He was admired for bis wit and eloquence, and for a fluency of style not common iu that age. This recommended him to many noble patrons. . . . That he was a polite writer, a great refiner of the English tongue, and left behind him many testimonies of his wit and learning, cannot be denied." Bale treats his memory with great indignity, but Pits assures us that he was devoted to the promotion of religion and to personal improvement. The Soyp of Folys, espe- cially Pynson's edition, 1509, is a very rare work. A copy in the Cibl. Anglo-Poet, is priced XlHo; Cawood's edition, 1570, £12 12*. De Worde printed an edition in 151T, translated by II. Watson into prose. A Ryght fruteful treatyse intituled the Myrrour of good Maners. This is sine atmo ; printed by Pynson. It is a translation of a poem by Mancini, entitled De Quatucr Virtutibus. His Egloges were printed by Pyuson, sine anito. " Our author's Egloges, I believe, are the first that appeared iu the English language. They are, like Petrarch's aud Mautuan's, of the moral and s.atirical kind, and contain but few touches of rural description and bucolic imagery." — Warton. For further notices of Barclay's works, see Dibdin's Ames's; Ellis's Specimens; Warton's History of English Poetry, ttc. Barclay, David. Emancipation in Jamaica, 1801. Barclay, Geo. Vindic. of the Bp. of Edin., 1712. Barclay, II. The Law of the Road, Glasg., 1836. This treatise contains the statutes and abstracts of the de- cisions of the courts in Scotland and England, relative to highways. "■ We can safely recommend this volume as displaying a com- bination of much accuracy aud research, with a thorough know- ledge of the subject." — 2 Edin. Law JourimU 523. A Treatise on the Law and Practice in Applications against Debtors, as in meditatione futfce, Edin., 1832. " This small aud unpretending work will be found of great uti- lity. It contains all that is materially importaut on the subject, aud there is no class of persons, whether magistrates, agents, or creditors, by whom it may not be consulted with profit and ad- vantage." Vide 2 Biin. Laio Journal, 2GC. Barclay, Henry, D.D., d. 1765, an Episcopal cler- gyman in New York, graduated at Yale College in 1734 : he was ordained in England, and appointed missionary to the Mohawk Indians. Subsei|uently he was Hector of Trinity Chui-ch, New York, which office he held until his death. In conjunction with Rev. W. Andrews and J. Ogilvie, he superintended the translation of the Liturgy into the Mohawk language. This translation was printed in 1760. Barclay, Jas. Educational works, Edin., 1743-58. Barclay, Jas. Sermons. 1763-1777. A Complete and Universal English Dictionary, 1774, Barclay, John, 1582-1621. son of William Barclay of Aberdeenshire, was born at Pont-a-Mousson. He was educated at the college of the Jesuits of iiis Uittivc place, and made such progress in his studies, that at the age of nineteen he is said to have published notes on the Thobais of Statins. He makes no secret of his thirst for distinction : *• I had no sooner left school than the juvenile desire of fame in- cited me to attack the whole world, rather with a view of promot- ing my own reputation, than of dishonouring individuals.'' — Pie- face to the Apolor/i/ for Euphorminn. In 1605 he visited England, where he remained about a year. Subsequently he resided there for several years. Upon the death of his father, in 1606, he went to Paris, where he married Louisa Debonnaire. His latter years were spent in Rome, amidst his books and flowers, dis- playing more wisdom in the Bibliomania than in the Tulip-mania, of which last disease he is supposed to have been one of the first victims. In his Euphormion he had BAR pronounced the plant " Golden Kod" to be a specific for the stone, yet of this painful complaint he died in 1621. In 1604 he pub. the first part of his Latin satire, Eu- phormion ; the second part was pub. at Paris, and a com- plete edition at Amsterdam in 1629. This satire made so many enemies, that in 1610 he pub. his Apology for Eu- phormion. (See extract from the preface above.) His account of the Gunpowder Plot (Barclay was always a zealous son of the Church of Rome) was pub. in 18()6. For some verses referring to his poverty whilst in Eng- land, see Delit. Poet. Scot., i. 93-100. In 1611 he pub. hig father's work, Do Potestate Papa?, a curious production for an adherent of the Church of Rome; as it lays down the positions, 1. That the pope has no power direct or in- direct over sovereigns in temporals. 2. That they who allow him any such power, whatever they may intend, do very great prejudice to the Roman Catholic religion. This work was attacketl by Cardinal Bellarmin, to whom Barclay responded in his ,T. Barel.ay Pietas, i-c, Paris, 1612. Ho afterwards repeutcd having written this work, as it displeased many of his own faith, and gratified those whom he esteemeil heretics. As some reparation, it is sup- po.sed, he pub. in 1617 Paraenensis ad Sectaries. ^ His Icon Animarum was pub. in 1614. It is a delinea- tiou of the genius and customs of the European nations, with remarks of a moral and philosophical cast on the pe- culiarities of mankind. In style it has been compared to Goldsmith's Traveller. Barclay's principal work, the Ar- genis, or the Loves of Poliarchus and Argcnis, was first pub. in Paris in 1621, by means of the friendship of the celebrated antiquary, M. do Peiresc. The first English translation was pub. by Kingsmill Long, gent., in 1625, 4to. Of this there was a second edition, " beautified with pictures, together with a key pra^fi.xed to unlock the whole story," in 1636. There was also a translation in 1628 by Sir Robert Le Grys, "the verses by Thomas May," (the continuator of Lucan ;) this version is said to have been undertaken at the request of Charles I. In 1772 Clara Reeve pub. a translation under the title of The Phcenix, or the History of Polyarchus and Argenis. There are three French translations of The Argenis, 1624, 1732, 1736; and it was also rendered into the Italian, Spanish, and Dutch. The Argenis is a political allegory, a romance, and a system of politics : "In it the various forms of government are investigated, the causes of Svction detected, and the remedies pointed out for mast of the evils that can arise in a state. ... It affords such a variety of entertainment, that every kind of reader may find in it some- thing suitable to his own taste and disposition : the statesman, the philosopher, the soldiei-, the lover, the citizen, the friend of mankind, each may gratify his favomite propensity, while the reader who comes for his amusement only, will not go away dis- ^pointei."— Preface to Clara Jieeve's Translalim. The characters in the Argenis are intended to represent various distinguished personages in history and real life. Poliarchus is meant for Henry of Navarre ; Aquilius is the Emperor of Germany ; Calvin is Usinulca ; Radirobanes is the King of Spain, and Hyanisbe is thought to resemble in some traits Elizabeth of England. Richelieu was very fond of perusing this work, and it is thought from thence ho drew many of his political maxims. Cowper pro- nounced it the most amusing romance ever written ; "U is interesting in a high degree; richer in incident than can be imagined, full of surprises, which the reader never foresails, and yet free from all entanglement and confusion. The style, too^ appears to me to he such as would not dishonour Tacitus him- self" — Otwpey's Lettei- to Saml. Rose, Esq. As to the style to which Cowper thus refers, Coleridge prefers it to th.at of Livy or Tacitus: (Remains, voh i.,) but Mr. Hallam remarks upon this : "I cannot by any means go this length : it has struck me that the Latinity is more that of Petronius Arbiter, hut I am not weU enough aoiuainted with th.it writer to speak confidently. The same observation seems applicable to the Euphormio."— infroduc to Lit of Europe, We may he permitted to remind classical critics of the recorded opinion of Grotius : '• Oenfe Caledonius. Oallus nat.alibus hie est, Romam llomauo qui docet ore loqui." " A Scot by blood,— and French liy birth,— this man At Home speaks Latin as no Koman can." Mr. Hall.am well remarks that ■• Barcl.iy has mingled so much of mere Action with his story, that no attempts at a regular key to the whole work can he suc- cessful, nor HI &ct does the fable of this romance run in any paral- lel stream with real events. His object seems in great measure to have been the discussion of political questions in feigned dialogue. But though in these we find no want of acuteuess or good sen.se, they h.ave not at present much novelty in our eyes; and though the style is really pleasing, or. as some have judged, excellent, and the incidents not ill-contrived, it might be hard to go entirely thi-ough a Latin romance of 700 pages, unless indeed we had no BAR alternative given but the perusal of the similar works in Spanish or French." — Tntroditc. to Lit. of Europe. The correctness of the opinion of this intelligent author is evinced by the general neglect mto which this once popular allegory has now fallen. '• It absolutely distresses me, when I reflect that this work, ad- mired as it has been by great men of all ages, (and lately by the poet Cowper,) should be only not unknown to the general reader " — Coleridge. Barclay, John. Gr.ammaticaLatina, R. Pynson, 1516. Barclay, John. Descrip. of the R. Catholic, 1689. " Barclay, John, M.D., was author of Nepenthes sen de Nicotiana Herba Viribus, Edin., 1614. He praises To- bacco as " this happie .and holio herbe," and strongly ad- vocates its use. King James and the Pope to the contrary notwithstanding. Barclay, John, 1734-1798, the founder of a religious sect in Scotland known as Bcreans or Barclayans, pub. an edition of his works (theological) in 3 volumes. Barclay, John, M.D., 1760-1S26, b. in Perthshire. Professional Works, Edin., 1803-12. Barclay, J.T., M.D., b. 1807, at Hanover C.H., Va., for three years and a half a missionary to Jerusalem. The City of the (Jreat King ; or, Jerusalem as it was, as it is, and is to be. Illustrated from photographs iind original drawings, Phila., 1857, 8vo. A reliable work, highly com- mended. In 1868, he returned to Jerusalem with his family to reside permanently. Barclay, Patrick. "The Universal Traveller, 1735. Barclay, Patrick. A Letter to the People of Scot- land, in order to remove their prejudice to The Book of Common Prayer, with an Appendi.';, wherein are answered The Objections against the Liturgy, in two late Pamphlets, called Dialogues between a Curate and a Countryman, Lon., 1713. Barclay, Robert, 1G48-1690, the celebrated apolo- gist for the doctrines and principles of the Society of " Friends," sometimes called " Quakers," was born at Gordonstoun, in Morayshire, December 23d. He was a descendant of a very ".ancient and honourable family in Scotland, by his father's side, who w.as Colonel David Bar- clay, of Mathers, a m.an universally esteemed and beloved, and by his mother, Mrs. Catherine Gordon, daughter of Sir W. Gordon, from the noble house of Huntley; so that if his principles had not led him to slight the advantages ' of birth, few gentlemen could in that particular have gone beyond him." His father, who had held a commission in the Swedish army in Germany, where he rose to the rank of Mnjor, and had also commandeil in the Royalist army under Charles I., embraced Quakerism whilst confined iii prison from political persecutions, in the year 1666. Robert was sent to P.aris at an e,arly'age, to complete his education, and placed under the care of his uncle, principal of the Scots' College. This relative was a zeal- ous Roman Catholic, and Robert was naturally disposed to embrace a religion so favourably commended to his re- gard. His uncle was so anxious to retain him in P.aris, where he could both enjoy his society, and preserve him from the baneful influence of heretical doctrines, that he offered to present him with a considerable fortune at once, and leave the balance of his property to him on his de- mise. It is not unlikely that Robert would have con- sented to these conditions, had not a summons from his father, who dreaded his becoming a convert to the Roman Church, recalled him home. With that regard to strict principle which was always a characteristic of Robert Barclay, he was not disobedient to the paternal command, but at once resigned the flattering prospects which had been held out to him, and returned to Scotland in 1664. So great had been his application to his studies, that, al- though scarcely sixteen years of age, he possessed consi- derable knowledge of the sciences, and was .skilled in the French and Latin tongues; the latter he wrote and spoke with facility and correctness; subsequently he attained Greek and Hebrew. Many authors have told us that Colonel Barclay had become a convert to Quakerism (we use the term for con- venience, and, of cour.se, without any disrespect) before the return of Robert from France : but wo have the testi- mony of Robert himself that his father did not join this sect until 1666. This date approaches so closely to that of the first promulgation of the doctrines of Quakerism, that a brief notice of the history of the society in Scot- land for the first twenty years of its existence, may not be out of place. George Fox, horn in 1624, (see Fox, George,) became a public preacher of his religions tenets about the year of Robert Barclay's birth— 1648. In 1657 he visited Scotland, and preached with such success, that 117 BAR BAR large numljers, especially in the north, about Aberdeen ! Barclay reviews the objections which had Deen urged anil Eli'iu, became converts to the doctrines which he against the doctrines of the Quakers. , ,.„claimed One of the ,nost distinguished aisciples was | ^:;:^^-l^^^ ^Zl^::^ f.Z^r^.^o:^'^Zr. the celebrated John Swmton ot Swinton, one of the most , |'j;"^-'p3ss f^^ people distracted, and. at other times, for men pes- learned and accomplished men of his time, and so much in lavour with Oliver Cromwell that it was notorious that the Protector " trusted him mure than anybody, and al- most every thing in Scotland was done by his advice." At the Restoration. Swinton and Barclay were imprisoned by the government, and by " long and frequent conversa- tions" the latter was convinced by the former of the excel- lency of the doctrines preached by George Fox. Colonel Barclay sought to impress the truth of his new opinions upon the mind of Hubert, but for some time without success. Ho did not, however, refuse to place himself iu the way of conviction, and, whilst attending a religious meeting of the society, he was so deeply im- pressed by a discourse of one of their ministers, that he felt it his duty to unite with the body. He became amost zealous propagator of his new tenets ; and laboured with great success in England, and on the Continent, especially in Holland. He travelled with William Penn through the principal parts of England, Holland, and Germany. Ho was " everywhere received with respect, and dismissed ■with concern ; for though his conversation as well as his manners were strictly suitable to his doctrine, yet there was such a spirit aud liveliness in his discourse, and such a serenity and cheerfulness in his deportment, as rendered him extremely agreeable to all sorts of people." Robert Barclay was no common character, either as re- spects natural capacity, extensive learning, indomitable energy, or persevering zeal. At an age when many young men are triflers of fashion, or slaves to vice, this noble youth girded up his loins, and went forth into the world to battle with sin, and promote the glory of God through the salvation of man. Born to prosperous fortunes, and of an illustrious line, the heir of the De Berkleys was willing, for the sake of truth and righteousness, to " e.it his bread with scarceness," and to exchange the society of the great, and the lordly halls of nobles, for the " tender mercies" of a bruttil jailer, the companionship of felons, and the unt(dd horrors of the convict's cell. We can ima- gine few more affecting pictures than that which disgraced the year 1677, and the town of Aberdeen, when the aged Colonel Barclay, his son Robert, and a number of other Quakers, were cast into jail for the second time in a twelve- month. His father, who, to borrow the words of Croese, ''was venerable in his appearance, just iu all his actions, who had shewed his courage in the wars of Germany, and his fortitude in bearing all the hard usage he met with in Scotland with cheerfulness, as well as patience" — this good old man, now well stricken in years, but strong in conscious integrity, and supported by a noble zeal, was ready to go with his beloved child to prison and to death, rather than to deny his faith, or to hold his peace when ho believed that his God bade him to " lift up his voice, aud show the people their sins." Our worthy ancestors hud what they esteemed a sovereign remedy for heresy. When any inquirer after truth was so hardy as to doubt their infallibility, they forthwith put him into the stocks, or immured him in the next jail, fed him with bread and water, and cropped off his ears, and, if he still continued obstinate, perhaps hung him at Tyburn, or burnt him at Smithfield. Who can doubt that such substantial evi- dences of the true Christian spirit of love, charity, and goodwill, were admirably calculated to convince all here- tics of the evil of their own ways, and the orthodoxy of those who were so solicitous for their spiritual welfare? Robert Barclay had not long been united to the society of "Friends," when he commenced that powerful use of his pen on behalf of their doctrines, by which his name has been widely known to all succeeding generations. His first work appeared in 1G70 : "Truth cleared of Oiluninirs, wliereln a hnnk entitled. A Dia- logue between a Quaker iiml :i staM.- cliiistiaii. iiuiMt.-cl at Aber- deen, and, upon good srouiutjiul^id ti.I.L' urit t'.Y \\ iiliaiu Mitchell, a preacher near by to it, or. at l.■a^t, that be had the chief hand in it.) is examined, and the Ilis-in^'cnuily of the author in represent- ing the Quakers is discovered ; lieie is also their case truly stated, cleared, demonstrated, and the Ul'jections of their Opiiosers an- swered according to Truth, Scripture, and Kight Heasou." This hydra-headed treatise might well have alarmed the imprudent AVillinm Mitchell, who had little idea when preparing his Dialogue what sore punishment he was drawing down upon his own head. To use the significant phraseology of the author to the Preface of Barclay's works, (Lon., 1692,) this answer showed Barclay " to be much an overmatch for his antagonist." In this work 118 sessed of the devil, and practisinf; abominations under pretence of being led to them hv the Spirit: as denying the existence of Christ, the reality of a heaven and a hell, the being of angels, the resurrection of the body, and the day of judgment. He shews upon what slight pretence these notions were taken up. how con- sistent .all the doctrines of the Quakers were with the gospel in respect to these points, and how unjust the persecution they had sustained for maintaining what the apostles maintained, the liyltt of Christ Jesus sfiining in the mind of many — BiC'g. Brit. Some Things of Weighty Concernment, Ac. This second treatise was an appendix to the first ; in this he proposes twenty questions relating to those who had distinguished themselves in representing the Quakers in ridiculous lights, '■ When if that kind of langu.age h.ad been allowed among this sort of people, they mifht themselves tiave been rendered far more ridiculous. These writings made Mr. W. Mitchell so uneasy, and rendered it so apparent that either he was in the wrong, or wanted abilities necessary to prove himself in the right, that he immedi- ately had recourse again to the press, in order to return an answer to Robert Barclay, which produced our author's thii-d book upon this subject, in which he effectually silenced that angi-y and im- patient writer."' The preface to the third treatise — W. Mitchell unmask- ed, or the staggering infallibility of the pretended stable Christian discovered, Ac. — is dated from Ury, our author's residence, December 21, 1671. In 1675 he published a work intended to explain and defend the doctrines and principles of the Quakers. This work is entitled " A Catechism and Confession of Faith, approved of and agreed unto by the Oeueral Assemblv of the Patriarchs, Prophets, and Apostle's, Christ himself chief Speaker in and among them, which containeth a true and faithful Account of the Principles and Doc- trines which are most surely believed by the Churches of Christ in Great Britain and Ireland, who are reproachfully called by the n.ame of Quakers, yet are found in one Faith with the Primitive Church and Paints," as is most clearly demonstrated by some plain Scripture Testimonies, ^without Consequences or Commentaries,) which are here collected and inserted by way of Answer to a few weighty, yet easy and familiar, Questions, fitted as well for the wisest and largest, as for the weakest and lowest. Capacities. To which is added an Expostulation with an Appeal to all other Pro- fessors, by R. B., a Servant of the Church of Christ." Our author seems to have determined that those who would not pursue their investigations further than his title- pages, should not even then escape wholesome instruction. 'ihe preface to this work is dated Urie, 1673. The author endeavours to prove that Quakerism is the perfection of Protestantism : that there is properly no middle ground between the doctrines he espouses, and those of the Church of Rome. The Anarchy of the Ranters, Ac. which has been praised as "a learned and excellent treatise, containing as much sound reason as any book of its size, in our, or perhaps in any modern, language," was published in 1676. Its ob- ject was to prove that the Quakers were not justly liable to the objections urged against the fanaticism of the Rant- ers. This work met with so much censure, that in 1679 he pub. a 'Vindication of it. He also gave to the world A True and Faithful Account of some of his disputes with some of the students of the University of Aberdeen ; and in 16S6 he pub. The Possibility and Necessity of the In- ward iind Immediate Revelation of the Spirit of God, towards the foundation and ground of true Faith, proved in a Letter written in Latin to a person of Quality in Holland, and now also put into English. Like Bunyan, Sir Richard Baker, Boethius, Grotius, Buchanan, and many other good men, he made even the employment of his prison hours useful to his fellow-men. It wa.s whilst in the jail of Aberdeen that he composed that ■• noble description of Christian Beneficence," Uni- versal Love considered and established upon its right Foundation, being a serious Enquiry how far Charity may, and ought to extend towards Persons of different Judg- ments in matters of Religion, aud whose Principles among the several Sects of Christians, do most naturally lead to that due Moderation required, writ in the Spirit of Love and Meekness for the removing of Stumhling-Bloeks out of the Way of the Simple, by a Lover of the Souls of all Men, R. B". This work was written and pub. in 1677. The author divides his subject into five sections. 1st. He gives his own experience, and his reasons for writing this treatise. 2d. The nature of Christian Love and Charity is de- monstrated. od. The controversy is stated with respect to the difl'erent religious bodies, Ac. 4th. An examination of the principles held by many call- ed Christians, and those principles proved to be defective. T3AR Bak 5th. Some "principles of Christianity are proposed, as they are held by a great body of people, and some gath- ered churches in Great Britain and Ireland which do very well agree with true Universal Love." Having thus noticed the other works of Robert Barclay, we are prepared to coosider that by which ho will always be best known, viz : " An Apology for the true Christlnn Divinity, as the same is held forth and preached hy the People railed in Scorn. Quakers; being a full Explanation and Viadicat ion of their Principles and Doc- trines, by many Artrimients deduocd from Scripture and Right r.eason. and the Testimonies of famous Authors, both Ancient and Modern, with a full Answer to the strongest Objections usu- ally made against th'-m: Presented to the King. Written and pu>>iished in London, for the Information of Strans:ers. by Robert IJarclat. and now put into our Language for the Benefit of his Countrymen.' London, 1678. The Address to Charles II. has been admired for clear- ness and vigour of style, and faithful boldness of exhorta- tion. Was there ever a greater contrast than between the subject and the king? the selfish, dissolute, effeminate monarch, and the noble-hearted, self-sacrificing preacher of Universal Love? The Theses Tbeologicse, which were the ground-work of the Apology, had been previously published and sent abroad in Latin, French, High and Low Dutch, and English, addressed to the Clergy of what sort soever, - And that his candour, impartiality, and sincere love of truth, might be still more manift^st. he sent them to the Doctors, Pro- fessors, and Students in Divinity, both Popish and Protestant, in every country throughout Europe, desiring they would seriously examine them, and send him their answers. As soon as tlie Apo- logy was finished, he sent two copies of it to each of the public ministers, then at the famous Congress of Nimeguen. where it was received with all imacrinable favour and respect, and the know- ledge, charity, and disinterested probity of its author justly ai>- plauded.*' The Latin version, Theologicje vere Chrisfianre Apolo- gia, was pub. at Amsterdam in 1676; the English transla- tion, as we have seen above, in 167S. Other English edi- tions were published in 1701-36, a beautiful edition by Baskerville in 1765, another edition in 1781), and many since; besides Abridgments in 8vo. and 12mo. &c. Ant. de Alvarado translated it into Spanish in 1710 ; and trans- lations have appeared in most of the European languages. The author pub. a Vindication of his work in 1679; in- cited thereto by an attack in Latin by John Brown upon the Latin version of the Apology. The Vindication was esteemed by William Penn, and many others, to be equal in every respect to the Apology. Our author's doctrines, as contained in the Theses, and more largely expounded in the Apologia, were attacked by other writers also, viz. : Nicholas Arnoldus, Professor in the ITniversity of Eranequer; John George Bajenis, Professor of Divinity at Jena, (who was answei-ed by Geo. Keith, then a stout supporter of Quaker doctrines;) Christopher HoUhusius, a famous preacher at Franck- furt ; George Keith, (the quondam advocate of the Apology,) in the vStandard of the Quakers Examined, Lon., 1702 ; Ant. Kciser of Hamburg; Thomas Bennet, in a Confu- tation of Quakerism, 1705; Mr. Trenchard; Thos. Chubb, 1721; Wm. Notcutt, 1738; Daniel Gittius, 1758; S. New- ton, 1771, &c. As we have nothing to do in this place with the theo- logical opinions of Barclay, or of his antagonists, we dis- charge our duty by enabling the reader to possess himself of the expositions of the views of both sides of the con- troversy. Of the literary character of a theological, as of any other, work, it does become us to speak ; and here we are very safe in assigning a distinguished jilace among the produc- tions of the human mind to Barclay's Apology fur the true Christian Divinity. Language of uncommon purity is made the powerful instrument of reasoning embellished with wit, and persuasion fortified by argument. To the merits of Barclay as a writer, we have, Ijesides many others, the at- testations of the learned Gerard Croese, Norris of Bemer- ton, Jeremiah Jones, Bennet, Trenchard, and Voltaire. The latter observes in his Letters on the English Nation, that the Apology is " as well executed as the subject would possibly admit." Norris of Bemerton, a very famous man in his day, remarks — '- 1 take him to be so great a m.^n, that T profess freelv, I had rather engage against an hundred Bellarmines, Hardiiigs, and Stapletons, than with one Barclay."— Second Treatise of the Lhjht within. William Sewell speaks of him as " A man of eminent gifts and great endowments, expert not only In the lancruages of the learned, but also well versed in the writ- ings of the ancient Fathers, and other ecclesiastical writers, and furnished with a great understanding, being not only of a sound judgment, but also strong in ai-giunents." — Hist, of the Quakers. Dr. Williams remarks ; "Barclay was a man of extraordinary abilities, and his work af- fords consideralile information, not only concerning the pL'CuIiar tenets of the Quakers, but also on other "subjects. His method and style are fiir superior to most of his contemporaries." We could multiply testimonies, but this is needless. As regards Barclay's personal character, his energy was evinced by his laborious and self-denying pilgrimages and ministrations ; his benevolence by his burning zeal tor the souls of his fellow-men ; his patience and humility by the uncomplaining submission with which he "bore the loss of all things'' for the advancement of what he deemed to be the truth, " We sometimes travelled together." says his faithful fi i<-nd and fellow-sufferer, William Penn, *' bt^th in this kingdom and in Hol- land, and some parts of Germany, and wen- inward in diverse ser- vices from first to last: and the apinvh.'nsiou I had of him was this, he loved the truth and way of (iod. as revealed among us, above all the world, and was not ashamed of it before men, but bold and able in maintaining it. sound in judgment, strong in argument, cheerful in travels and sufferings, of a pleasant dispo- sition, yet solid, plain, and exemplary in his conver.sation. lie was a learned man and a good Christian, an ahle Minister, a duti- ful son, and a loving husband, a tender and careful father, au easy master, and a good and kind neighl>our and friend.'' With such a character we need not be surprised that it was his ■• Peculiar felicity to gain so entire a conquest over envy as to pass through life (and which is so much the more wonderful, such a life as his was) with almost universal applause, and withoiit the least imputation on his integrity. The great business of his life was doing good, promoting what he thought to be the knowledge of God, and consequently the happiness of man." For further information concerning this truly eminent, and — far higher commendation — truly excellent man, see the Biographia Britannica, to which this article is largely indebted ; Sewell's History of the Quakers, Mosheim's Ec- clesiastical History, Genealogical Account of the Barclays of Urie, &c. Who would not have supposed that this touching ap- peal to the second Charles would have influenced even his selfish and vice-enslaved heart? "Thou hast tasted of prosperity and adversity; thou knowest what it is to be banished thy native country, to he overruled, as well as to rule and sit upon the thi'me : and being oppressed, thou hast reason to know how hateful the oppressor is both to God and man." — Preface to the Apology. Truly little cause had the poor Quaker in his prison to envy the ungodly monarch on his throne ! Deeply grieved to witness the bold licentiousness which prevailed among the scoffing courtiers and their graceless king, he might well adopt the prayer, " my soul, come not thou into their secret; into their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united !'' Towards the close of his life, Robert Barclay was in great favour at court ; and had James II. been wise enough to profit by his advice in 1688, and make timely conces- sions to an outraged people, it is possible that the question of the "Succession" would never have tested the wisdom of the English parliament. In 1682 Barclay was elected Governor of East Jersey by the proprietors. ''To induce him to accept of the oflfioe, he was made a joint pro- prietor, with a power of bestowing five thousand acres more, as he should think fit. Upon account of his peculiar merit, the govern- ment was to be held for life, though no other Governor was to be continued longer than thj-ee years. He tad, likewise, a power of appointing a Deputy Governor, whi.-h he accordingly did Robert never came to America, but his brother John settled there, and his brother David, a youth of great pro- mise, who had gone out with the same intention, died upon the voyage. " His brother John died at Amboy. in 1731, leaving two sons. His grandson. Alexander, was comp- troller of the customs in Philadelphia, and died in 1771." A Scottish poet, writing of the two famous Barclays, Wil- liam and John, concludes with these verses upon Robert: "But lo! a third appears with serious air; His Prince's darling, and his country's care. Pee his religion, which so bate before Was like a jumbled mass of dross and ore. Refined by him, and burnlsh'd o'er with ai-t, Awakes the spirit, and attracts the heart." After a life marked with such activity and suffering for conscience' sake, this good man was permitted to spend the last few years of his life in peace. He died October 3, 1690, at his mansion at TJry, in Kincardine.'^hire, Scot- land. The estate of Fry had been purchased by Colonel David Barclay in the year of Robert's birth, (1648.) The Colonel was obliged to part with two estates, which had been in his family, one, three hundred, and the other, five hundred years. About 1679 Robert obtained a charter, under the Great Seal, from King Charles the Second, erect- ing his lands of Ury into "a free Barony, with a civil and criminal jurisdiction to him and his heirs forever." This charter was ratified by Act of Parliament temp. James the U9 BAR Seventh of Scotland, and Second of England, "for the many faithful services done by Colonel David Barclay, and "his son, the said Robert Barclay, to the King, and his most royal progenitors in times past." This barony, with all similar jurisdictions, was extinguished by the changes effected in the government of Scotland temp. George II. Robert Barclay left seven children, all of whom were alive in October, 1740, fifty years after their father's death. At tbe same time there were living between fifty and si.xty grand-children and great grand-chililren. "A good man leaveth an inheritance to bis children's children," and a good name has these advantages over all other bequests; — it can be shared without division, enjoyed without diminution, and remains an imperishable capital, stimulating to and aiding lil;e acquisitions. Barclay, Robert, (Allerdyce,) 1779-1854. the great pedestrian who first walked one thousand mdes m one thousand hours. Agricultural Tour in the U. States, Lon., 1S42, p. Svo. Barclay, Thomas, a Scottish scholar, studied lite- rature and philosophy at Bordeaux; going afterwards to Toulouse he became head of the Squellanean School. Sub- sequently he taught law both at Poitiers and at Toulouse. "Ills writings were neither numerous nor important."-DEMPSTKR. Barclay^ William, 1546-1605? an eminent civUian, father to John Barclay, author of the "Argenis," w.as liorn in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was in favour with Mary Queen of Scots : after her dethronement he went to France, applied himself to the study of belles-lettres, law, and philosophy, and graduated doctor in the civil and canon laws. The Duke of Lorraine appointed him professor of civil law in the University of Pont-A-Mousson, and a counsellor and master of requests to his hospital. He visited England at the reciuest of James I., and was offered a professorship of civil law at one of the universities, and other honours, upon condition of his attaching himself to the Church of England. These offers he declined, return- ed to France in 1604, and accepted the professorship of civil law in the University of Angers. One of his prin- cipal works is Do Regno et Regali Potestate adversus Buchananum Brutum, Boucherum et Reliquos Monarcho- maehos, Paris, 1600. Boucher had put forth a treatise in 1589, here referred to, entitled De Juste Heurici III. Boucher was a. leaguer; Barclay, on the contrary, argues in favour of the supremacy of the king even over the laws, and the right of the monarch to the implicit obe- dience of his people, save in cases of outrageous oppression ; which last flaw, of course, quashes the whole indictment against any ease of resistance, as opinion must of necessity be the umpire. Although a zealous Komiin Catholic, Bar- clay defended the sovereignty of the crown of France, even against the Pope. His work, De Potestate Papw an et quatenus in Reges et Principes seculares Jus et linperium habeat, was pub. Franck., 1609, London, in English in 1611. We have already given an account of this work in the biography of the autlior's son ; also of the response of Cardinal Bellarmin, the circulation of which was for- bidden by the Parliament of Paris. Barclay also pub. Proemetia in Vitam Agrieolffi, Paris, 1599. Comm. in Titl. Pandectarum de Rebus Creditis et de Jurejurando, Paris, 1605. Our learned civilian, like some other philosophers, seems not to h.ave been so fond of simplicity as some of the Gre- cian sages, for » ,. , " lie went every day to school, attended by a servant, who went bare-headed before him. he himself havins a rich lobe lined with ermine, the train of which was supported by two .servants, and his son upon his right hand : and there hung about his neck .a great chain of gold, with a medal ot gold, with his own picture. — Maclenzip's Lives. Bard, John, M.D., 1716-1799, President of the Med. Society of the State of New York. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1760. ' Jled. Obs. and Inq. xii. p. a69, 1762. Bard, Samuel, M.D.. 1742-1821, son of the preced- ing, family physician to General Washington, .and a man of most estimable character, pub. a treatise, De Viribus Opii, 1765; on Angina Suffocativa. repub. in vol. i.. Anier. Phil. Soc. On the Use of Cold in Hemorrhage ; Compen- dium of Midwifery. 1807; and subsequent editions; seve- ral Addresses to Public Bodies, and Anniversary Discourses to Medical Students. Bardouin, F. G. Essay on Job xix. 2.3-27, in 3 let- ters, 1767. , , Bardsley, S. A., M.D. Profess, and other works, Lon., 1800-1807. Bardwell, Thos. The Practice of Painting and Perspective made easy, Lon., 1756. "Mr. B.irdwell api)ear.s throughout his book a professed enemy 120 BAR tc TTjeon' : and disgraces the Art he attempts to teach, bv suppoB- ing It may be got, like a knack, by mure practice, rather than com- municated as a ,VCi. licc, consisting of certain principles founded on invariable and fixed laws; from which Nature never deviates."— tan. Mmitldif /leiitw, 1756. The critique, from which the above is extracted, is very severe. Mr. Edwards finds fault with the Perspective portion of the works, but commends the instructions, so far as they relate to the process of paintings, as the best that had been published. See Edwards's Anecdotes of Painting. Barecroft,Charles. Lets, against Popery, Lon,, 1688. Barecroft, J>, D.D. Ars Concionandi: or an in- struction to young students in divinity. Being advice to a son in the university, with rules for preaching, 4th ed., 1751, enlarged by a Short View of the Lives, &c. of the Fathers, Lon.. 1715. Barese, Sir Kd. See Benese. Baret, John, a scholar of Cambridge, of the 16th century. An Alvearie, or Quadruple Dictionarie, English, L.atine, Greeke, and French, Londini, 1680. Dedicated to Lord Burleigh. An edition pub. in 1573 contains En- glish, Latin, and French, only. Baret, Michael. An Hipponimio, or the Vineyard of Horsemnnshiji, Lon., 1618. Barfett, John. Funeral Sermon on the Rt. Hon. Baroness Barhaiu : 2 Tim. iv. 6-8. The Contest, Con- quest, and Reward, of the Christian. Barfoot, P. Letters to W. Pitt on Taxation, Ac, 1786. Barford, Rd. The Assembly, 1726. Epistle to Ld. C, 1730. , . Barford, Wm., D.D., d. 1792, was admitted into King's College, Cambridge, in 1737. For one session he was chaplain to the House of Commons, and pub. a Ser- mon delivered before that body, 1770. In Pindari Pri- mum Pythium Disscrtatio, &c., 1751. A Latin Oration, 1766. Concio ad Clerum, 1784. " He died as he had lived, universally respected by all learned and good men, at his rectory of Kunptou." See Bryant's System of Mvthologv. vol. iii. B'argraVe, Isaac, 1586-164.3, Dean of Canterbury. Sermon on Hosea x. 1, Lon., 1624. Sermons, 1624, 1627. He was chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton in one of his em- bassies. At Venice he enjoyed the intimate acquaintance of Father Paul, •' Who once said to him that he thought the hierarchy of the Church of England the most excellent piece of discipline in the whole Christian world." Barham, Francis. Socrates, Trag., Lon., 1842. A Key to Alism., 1S47. Trans, of Guizot's Syncretism and Coalition. Other works, 1847-1851. Barham, Henry. Hortus Amcricanus; containing an Account of the Trees, Shrubs, and other Vegetable Produc- tions of South America and the West India Islands, particu- larly of the Island of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, 1794. " Interspersfd with mauv curious and useful obseri-ations re- specting their uses in mc-dicine. diet, and the arts. He gives a particular description of the manufacture of indigo." An Essay upon the Silk Worm, Lon., 1719. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1718-1719. Barham, J . F. On Use of Corn in Distilleries, 1808-10. Barham, Richard Harris, 1788-1845, Rector of St. Augustine's, and St. Faith, London, was better known by the literary name of Thomas Ingoldsby. His Ingolds- by Legends were contributed to Bentley's Miscellany, and since collected in volumes. Of the First Series, a 6th ed. was pub. in 1852 ; Second Series. 3d ed., 1842; Third Se- ries, 2d ed., with Life of the Author, 1847. Mr. Barham, during many years, contributed to a number of periodicals, viz. : The Edinburgh Review, Blackwood's Magazine, The Literary Gazette, Ac. His popular novel, My Cousin Ni- cholas, was pub. in three vols. Of his poetical pieces it is not too much to say, that for origi- nality of design and diction, for quaint illustration and musical verse, they are not surpassed in the English language. The Witches Frolic is second only to Tarn OShantcr; and the- Hon. Mr. Surklethumbkin's Story of the Execution is as satirical a reproof of a Tile morbid appetite, as ever was couched in laughable mea- sure. But why recapitulate the titles of either prose or verse,— the lavs of dark ages belonging to the fables of St. Cuthbert, St Alovs' St Dunstan, St. Nicholas. St. Odille. or St. Gengulphus.— since they have been confessed bv every judgment to be singularly rich in classic allusion and modern illustration. From the days of Iludihras to our time, the drollery invested in rhymes has never been so amplv or felicitously exemplified; and if derision has been unsparingly applied, it has been to lash knavery and mipostme." — Bcnth-i/'s Mi&cellaml. Barham, T. F. Introduc. to Greek Grammar. 1829, 8vo. Unitarian Doctrine, 1835, Svo. Greek Roots in Eng. Rhvmes. 1837, ISmo. ,...-,,,„ „ Sarins, Alex., Lord Ashburton, 1, ,4-1^48. On the Orders in Council, Lon., 1808. BAR BAR Baring, Charles, Peace in our Power, Lon., 1793. Barins:, Sir Francis, 1740-1810. Commutation Act, 1785. Es"tablishmcnt of the Bank of England, &q., 1797. On a Publication of Walter Boyd's, Esq.,'M.P., 1801. Barker. Complete List of Plays, from the Commence- ment of Theatrical Performances to 1803. To which ia added. A Continuation of the Theatrical Remembrancer, showing collectively each Author's Works, 1804. Barker, Andrew. The Overthrow of Captain Ward and Wansekcr, two Pirates, Lon.. 1609. " Ba borne took the plot of A Christian turiVd Turk, from the above." [I'ub. lf>12.] — Lowndes. Barker, Charles. Sermons. Lon.. 1806-07. Barker, Charles. Charity Sermon, Hull, 1825. Barker, Edmund. Sermons, 1()()0-61. Barker, Edmund. Trans, of Heister's Practice of Physic, 1757. Barker, Edmund Henry, 17SS-1839, entered Tri- nity College, Cambrideie, in 1807. He was a contributor to the Clussical Journal for twenty years. " His first artirlr .'tpiM-an-d in No. 3, and nearly every succeed- ing number exhibiftd fitln-r his sign manuab or else an anony- mous ai'ticle that (.-arried with it internal evidence of his being the author, from the numerous references to, and scarcely less nu- merous extracts from, writers but little known: aud by a similar test it is easy to trace his contributions to the British Critic, pre- viously to its change from a monthly to a quarterly periodical, and more recently in the pages of the Monthly Magazine during the editorship of Mr. Reynolds." — Lo>2. Gent. Mig. On leaving the University, al>out 1810. Mr. Barker took up his residence with Dr. Parr, at ILitton, where he re- mained for five years. Soon after the death of his learned friend, he pub. Parriana, which is, with injustice, described in the Lou. Monthly Review as " a metrical effusion of ig- norance, vanity, and absolute imbecility." Whilst turn- ing over rare classical tomes, in a true Dominie Sampson spirit, in Dr. Parr's curious library, Mr. Barker conceived the idea of preparing anew edition of Stephens's Thesau- rus Lingua; Gra^cae; ''intending to introduce whatever materials the lapse of two centuries and a quarter could furnish for the improvement of the Greek Lexicography." The editor engaged in this undertiiking with great zeal, accumulated a large stock of materiel, paid pounds e.ach for volumes, which, at the sale of his library, scarcely brought shillings, and was encouraged by a list of 800 (Quarterly Review states 1100) subscribers. Vol. 1, Parts I.-IV., appeared in 1815-1S18 ; and the classical enthu- siast was prepared to wear his blushing honours with no little delectation ; when, in an evil hour for our Hellenist. Greek met Greek in a terrible charge in the Quarterly Review, (vol. xxii. p. 302.) and if Demosthenes did not Qy from Chajronea, the friends of the discomfited warrior carried him away on their shields. Blomfield's " swashing blow" was not fully met by the "Aristarchus Anti-Blom- fieldianus," which has been called "telum imbelle sine ictu." Barker indeed was not silenced, as was Bentley by the famous " Remarks" of Conyers Middleton ; but though the Thesaurus with its cargo appeared, the colours of the captain were not nailed to the mast. The name of the owner only was blazoned on the craft. The work, how- ever, "at last made its way through the press, and con- sists of several ponderous folios, forming the most com- plete lexicographical collection that ever yet has appeared. This is, in fact, its principal merit j for in roduction. a poem written in 1778, may be found in a volume entitled American Poems, pub. at Litchfield in 1793. In 1791, when made Master of Arts, he recited a poem called The Prospect of Peace, which was subsetiueutly merged in The Columbiad. The germ of this epic. The Vision of Columbus, was pub. in 1787. His next literary employment was editing Watts's Version of the Psalms, pub. in 1786. He was concerned about this time in a weekly paper, a book store, and in contributing to the Anarchiad. In 1791 he pub. in Lon- don the first part of his Advice to the Privileged Orders. Part II. appeared in 1795. In 1792 he gave to the public The Conspiracy of Kings, a poem of about 4UU linos. Whilst at Chambery, in Savoy, he wrote The Hasty Pud- ding, the most popular of his poems. "This is a very pleasing performance. . . . His versification is successfully modelled npon that of Goldsmith ; ht- has interspersed the poem with several ludicrous parodies ou the most popular pas- sabres of ICnjiHsh poetry, and his subject naturally presented him with many imae:es and views of life, whirh, if not in themsolvi-s highly poetical, have, at least, all the fresh bloom and fragrance of untried novelty.'" — AnaUctic M^igazine. We should not omit to mention BarIow*s zealous at- tempts to establish a great national academy under tho patronage of the federal government. In 1806 he drew up a prospectus of a national institution. Mr. Logan, of Pennsylvania, introduced a bill into the Senate of the United States, and it passed to a ^econd reading. It was referred to a committee who never reported, and the pro- ject came to nothing. In 1808 The Columbiad made its appearance in the most magnificent volume which had ever been pub. in America. The engravings were executed in London. A few copies were sold, but the high price was an obstacle to circula- tion. A cheaper edition was issued in 1809; and in the same year it was pub. in London by Philips. The Colum- biad is composed of a number of visions, in which Hesper, the genius of the western Continent, presents to Columbus, whilst immured in prison at Valladolid, " that which shall be hereafter." Tho War of the Revolution, the events which are to precede, and those which are to follow, form part of the vast materiel of this epic. " This pwm has a radical defect of plan, which it would have been difficult for any degree of poetical genius to have completely overcome. It is the narrative of a vision and a dialogue, conti- nued through ten cantos, and nearly 7000 lines. Its time of ac- tion extends from a remote period of antiquity to distant futurity, and the scene shifts, with the rapidity of a pantomime, from ono part of the globe to another. It has no regularly connected nar- ration, or series of action, by whii.-h characters might Tje developed, interest excited, and the attentiipn kept alive. Besides, the con- stant mixture of real ami familiar bi--fory with allegory and fic- tion, is a combination utterly disfructive of tliat temporary illu- sion by which we are led to iulcrtst ourselves in the adventures of an epic hero. . . . His verses bear no signs of poetical inspira- tion ; it is evident that they have all been worked by dint of reso- lute labour." — Analectic Mug., vol. iv. The faults, both of plan and execution, of tho Colum- biad, "were remarked npon, with their usual severity, by the Edinburgh reviewers, as well as several other critical journals of this country and of Great Britain." Barlow bore these attacks without making any formal defence, yet with less dignity than became a philosopher, attribut- ing them all to political enmity, and, like Sir Fretful Pla- giary in the play, often expressing his utter contempt and disregard of all his assailants. '' In sketching the history of America from the days of Manco Capac down to the present day, and a few thousand years lower, the author, of course, cannot spare time to make us acquainted with any one individual. The most important personages, there- fore, appear but once upon the scene, and then pass away and are forgotten. Mr. Barlow's exhibition accordingly partakes more of thenature of a procession, than of a drama. I^iver gods, sachems, majors of militia, all enter at one side of his stage, and go off at the other, never to return. Rocha and Oella take up as much room as Greene and Washington; and the rivers Potowni.ak and Delaware, those fluent and venerable personages, both act and talk a great deal more than Jefferson or Franklin." — Loan Jef- FRET : Edinburgh Review. See Olmstead, Rev. Lemuel G. Barlow, John, became a student of Hart Hall, Oxf., in 1600. He pub. a number of sermons, (ri't/eAthen. Oxon.,) 1018-32. Barlow, Peter, b. 1776, at Norwich, an eminent ma- thematician, although he had only the advantages of a common-school education. In 1806, he was appointed one of the mathematical masters in the Koyal Military Academy at Woolwich, and filled the chair until 1847, when ho resigned. 1. Elementary Investigation of tho Theory of Numbers. 1811, Svo. 2. New Mathematical Tables, 1S14. 3. Mathematical and Philosophical Dic- tionary, 1814. 4. Essay on Strength of Timber and other Materials, Svn. 5. Magnetic Attractions, 1820, 8vo, 6. Treatise on tho Manufactures, ^^L■d the ' right way of touching Magnetical Needles. Fourthly, he was the I first that found out and showed the piercing and cementing of ! Loadstones. And lastly, the first that showed the reasons why a I Loadstone being double capped, must take up so great weight." — I At/ien. Oxaii.; also see Uutton's Mathematical Dictionary. I As the first English writer on the nature and properties , of the magnet, and the inventor of the compass-box, as now used at sea. Barlow's name should ever be held in ' high esteem, not only by those "who go down to the sea : in ships and occupy their business in the great waters," but by all who are in any way interested — and who can be excepted? — in the profitable uses of navigation. Barlow, William. 1. A Treatise. 2. A Sermon, Lon., 1690. Barlow, Mllliam- Con. to Phil, Trans., 17^0-41. Barlow, M'illiam. Theory of Numbers. Lon., 1811. Bariiaby, A, Proposals lor Duty on Malt, 1696. Barnaril, Lady Aune, 1750-1S25, was the daughter of James Lindsay, fifth Earl of Balcarras, and wife to Sir Andrew Barnard, librarian to George III. She was au- thoress of the well-known ballad, Auld Robin Gray; the authorship of which was kept a secret for more than fifty years. In 1823, in a letter to Sir Walter Scott, La pheis, and poets, wh" iienned their productions m the Greek and Latinlancuages."— /(.rfifu/u: Seea?i(e. „ .. , Barnes, Daniel H., d. 1818, a Baptist preacher, anil an eminent conchologist of New York, originated and conducted, in conjunction with Dr. Griscom, the high school of New York ; he was also an active member ot the Lyceum of natural history in that city. He presided over several seminaries, and refused the presidency of the col- lege at Washington City. He contributed several valuable papers, illustrated by explanatory plates on Conchology, to Silliman's Journal, viz.. Geological Section of the Ca- naan Mountain, v. S-21; Memoir on the genera unio and alasmodonta, with numerous figures, vi. 107-127, 258-280 ; Five species of chiton, with figures, vii. 69-72 ; Memoir on batrachian animals, and doubtful reptiles, xi. 269-297, xiii 66-70. On magnetic polarity, xiii. 70-73 ; Reclama- tion of Unios, xiii. 358-364. (Sill. Jour. xv. 401; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.) . . ,0-1 Barnes, David, D.D., 1731-1811, minister of Soitu- ate, Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, 1756, '95, 1800, '01, '02, and 1803. A volume of his sermons, with a biographical sketch, has been puldished. Barnes, E. W., a native of Portsmouth, New Hamp- shire, has pub. a number of compositions in poetry and prose in Annu.als and Magazines. Barnes, George. Cicero, or the Complete Orator, in 3 Books or Dialogues, ic. Trans, into English, 1762. Barnes, Henry. Leg.al Trcati-ses, Ac. Notes of Cases in point of Practice, taken in the Court of Common Pleas, 1732-60. Best ed. 2 vols., Lon., 1815. " The casos in this volume are very briefly reported, and are not .always to bo relied on. Indeed, it could hardly be expected, in a volume containing more than 2500 cases, upon points of practice decided by various Judges, whose opinions were not .always coinci- (Ji.nt. th.at tliere would tie uniformity and agreement throughout. ^Man^in's Legal Bihl. -^ ,, , -n l We extract some opinions from W.allace s Keporters, which, with the volume cited above, should be in the library of every lawyer and man of general reading. Both of these excellent manuals have become very scarce, and should be reprinted. . " Barnes has in general reported the practice of the court witb accuracy." — Sir Francis Buller. "Many cases reported in Barnes are not law. —MR. Justice HE.iTH, " When a ' rule absolute' was claimed from Chief Justice Abbot, and Barnes was instanced as authority, the chief justice replied, 'You may find rules absolute in Barnes for any thing.'" " Barnes is an authority of little weight. ... His cases are so contradictory that they destroy each other."— Wn.UiM8, of Uk It- York Bar. , . . . , .J * 'I The cases cited from Barnes are good as historical evidence to rrove the point of prartice in issue."— Ciiancei.i.oe Kest. " Barnes is good authority. I believe, for points ot practice, thougll for little beside."— Chief Jostice Oibsos nf Penn Barnes, J. Educational works, 1811-12. Barnes, John, an English Roman Catholic, of-a Lan- cashire family, studied for some time at Oxford, " But bein" alw.ays in aniim OithoUms. he left it, and his coun- try, and going into Spain, was instructed in Philosophy and Di- vinity by the fiimous Doctor J. Alp. Curicd, who was wont to Ciill Barnes by the name of John Huss. because of a spirit of contra- diction which was always observed in him."— Wood. In 1625, at which period ho was one of the confessors of the Abbey of Chelles, he pub. a work against ment.al reservation, entitled Dissertatio contra equivocationes, Paris : a French trans, was pub. at the same timo._ Theo- philus Raynaud attempted to answer this book in 1627. In the same year, Barnes wrot« Catholico-Romanus Paci- ficns: an edition was pub. at Oxford in 1680 : part of it had been before made use of by Dr. Basiro in his Ancient Liberty of the Britannic Church. He also wrote an an- swer to Clement Reyner's Apostolatus BcQedictinorum in 136 BAR AnMia. Wood tells us that " This learned person being n very moderate man in his opinion, and deeply sensible by his great readins and observation of several corruptions of the Romish Church and Doctrine, which partly were expressed in his Discourse, but mostly in a book which ho wrote, called Catholico-Romanus Pacifieus," 4c. Barnes was seized in Paris, "was carried out from the midst ol that city by force, was divested of his habit, and like a four-footed brute, was in a b.arbarous manner tied to a hor=e, and violently hurried away into Flanders.' He escaped from prison at Mechlin, but was retaken and thrown into a prison of the Inquisition, where he died after thirty years' confinement. Wood repels with scorn the story of Barnes's insanity whilst in prison : •■ Certain fierce people at Rome, being not contented with his Death, have endeavoured to extinguish his iame, boldly pubhsh- ing that he died distracted." Barnes, John. An Essay on Fate, and other Poems. Published at the age of 14, 1807. Barnes, John. A Tour through France, 1816. Barnes, Joseph. The Praise of Mane, Oxford. Barnes, Joshua, 1654-1712, a learned divine, and professor of Greek at Cambridge, was a native of London. He was educated at Christ's Hospital, where his early pro- ficiency in Greek was the subject of remark. In 1671 he was admitted a servitor in Emanuel College, Cambridge, was elected fellow in 1678, and in 1686 took the degree of B D In 1696 he was chosen Greek professor of the Uni- versity of Cambridge. In his 15th year he pub. a collec- ' tion of English poems, and was interested at an early age in several other works. Ho gave to the world in 16i5, Geramia. or a New Discovery of a little sort of People, called Pigmies. In the next year appeared his poetical paraphrase of the History of Esther, which had been for a long time in preparation. Select Discourses appeared in 1680 In 1688 was pub. The History of that most victo- rious monarch, Edward III. The author has imitated Thucydides in putting long speeches into the mouths ol his characters. Nicolson remarks : " Above all, Mr. Joshua Barnes has diligently collected whatever was to be had, far and near, upon the several passages of this great Kinn-'s iei"n. Ilis ijuotjitions are many ; .and generally, his authors are as well chosen as such a multitude can be supposed to have been. His inferences are not always becoming a st.atesman ; and sometimes his digressions are tedious. His deriving of the famous institution of the Garter from the Phtenicians. is extremely oblig- ing to good Mr. Sammes: but came too late, it seems, to Mr. Ash- mole's knowledge, or otherwise would have bid fair for a choice post of honour in liiselaboiMte book. In short, this industrious author seems to have driven his work too fast to the press, before he h.id provided an index, and some other accoutrements, which nught have rendered it more serviceable to his readers.' —Enyhsli Mislo- rical Library. The want of an index ! How often have we groaned over indcxlcss books ! How often have we been obliged to do for ourselves what the witless author would not do lor us— and make an index to his book ! His edition of Euri- pides, dedicated to Charles, Duke of Somerset, was pub. m 1694. In 1705 appeared his Anaereon, dedicated to the Duke of Marlborough; and in 1701 he pub. an edition of Homer : the Hiad dedicated to the Earl of Pembroke, and the Odyssey to the Earl of Nottingham. He wrote many other treatises, a list of which, including those which he had published, and those which he contemplated giving to the world, will be found prefixed to the edition of his Ana- ereon, pub. in 1705. Wc here find enumerated no less than 43 works ! His facility in writing and speaking Greek was remarkable. He tells us in the parody of Homer, prefixed to his poem on Esther, that he could compose sixty Greek verses in an hour. He also avows in the preface to Esther that he found it much easier to write his annotations m Greek than in Latin, or even in English, " since the orna- ments of poetry are almost peculiar to the Greeks, and since he had for many years been extremely conversant in Homer, the great father and source of the Greek poetry. He could ofl'-haud turn a paragraph in a newspaper, or a hawker's bill, into any kind of Greek metre, and has been often knowu to do so among his Cambridge friends. Dr. Bentley used to say of Barnes that he "understood as much Greek as a Greek cobbler :" meaning doubtless by this that he had rather the " colloquial readiness of a vulgar mechanic," than the erudition, taste, .and judgment of a scholar. The inscription suggested for his monument- first used by Menage in his satire upon Pierre Montmanr— we think too profane for repetition. The Greek Anaereon- tiques written for his monument have been thus translated "Kind Barnes, adorn'd by every Muse, Each Greek in his own art out-does : No Orator was ever greater; No poet ever chanted sweeter. BAR BAR H' excellel id Grammar ^lystery, And the Black Prince of History: And a Divine the most profound That ever trod on Enplish ground." See the Biog. Brit., where find, also, this note: " Mr. Barnes read a small Eniilieh BiMe. that he usually carried alxiut with him, one hundred and twenty-one times over, at leisure Imurs." All this is upon his monument. Barnes, Juliana. Sec Berners. Barnes, Philip Edward, B.A.. b. 1815, Norwich, Englaud. Electoral Law of Belgium, 1851. Translator of i)'Aul>i,e;ne's History of the Reformation in France, 1853. Barnes, Ralph. Assize Sermon, 1759. Barnes, Ralph. 1. Office of Sheriff, 1816. 2. Rela- tive to Modus for Tythes, 181S. 3. Voting at County Elections, 1818. Barnes, Robert, a reformer and martyr in the reign of Henry VIII., came to the stake in consequence of ad- vocating Luther's doctrines, in answer to a sermon of Bishop Gardiner. He wrote Supplicacion vnto Prynce H. the VIII. The Cause of my Condempnation. The hole Disputacion between the Byshops and Doctour Barnes, London, by me, Johan Byddell, 1534, 4to. Again, by Hugh Syngelton sine anno. Articles of his Faith, pub. in Latin and in Dutch. Vitce Romanorum Pontificum, Ac. The list extends from St. Peter to Alexander II., pub. with a preface by Luther at Wirtemberg, 1536; afterwards at Leyden, 1615, together with Bale's Lives of the Popes. Luther pub. an account of the martyrdom of this holy man. Works collected by John Fox, Lon., 1573 : this edition in- cludes the works of W. Tyndall and John Frith. Barnes, Robt., of Mag. Coll. Visit. Scr., Oxf., 1626. Barnes, Robert, M.D., b. 1816. Norwich, England. Pamphlets andMemoirs on Obstetrics, Hygiene, &c.,lS50, '58. Barnes, Robt., of Mag. CoU. Vist. Ser., Oxf., 1626. Barnes, S. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1S18. Barnes, Susan Rebecca, an American poetess, is a daughter of Mr. Richard H. Ayer of the city of Man- chester, in New Hampshire. " Her poems are marked "by many felicities of expression; and they fiequently combine a masculine vifjour of style, with tender- ness and a passionato earnestness of feeling.'" — Gruivohl's Female Foels of America, where see specimens: Imalee. &c. " Her poems have been favourably received, and show greater strength and vi^^our than those that are written by the generality of her sex."' — Woman's Record. Barnes, Thomas, a Puritan divine of the 17th cen- tury, \B mentioned by Cole as one of the authors of the "Dniversity of Cambridge. Among his productions is The Wise Man's Forecast against the Evil Time, Lon., 1624; reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany. Barnes, Thomas. A Discourse on Esod. sxxiii. 14, Lon., 1702. Barnes, Thomas. Of Propagat. Shrubs, Lon., 175S. Barnes, Thomas, 1747-1810, a Presbyterian minis- ter, had, for thirty years, charge of a congregation in Man- chester, England. He pub. in 1786 A Discourse upon the commencement of the Academy : an institution at Man- chester, over which he presided from 17S6 to 1798. He contributed some papers to the Trans. Manchester Society, and to other periodicals. A Funeral Sermon on the Death of the Rev. Thomas Threlked of Rochdale, April 13, 1806. This Mr. Threlked possessed a most remarkable memory : " He was a perfect Living Concordance to the Scriptures. You could not mention thrcL^ words, except perhaps those words of mere connectwn which occur iu hundreds of passages, to which he could not immediately, without hesitation, assign "the Chapter sind. Verse where they were to be found. And inversely, upon mentioning the Chapter and Verse, he could repeat the W.u'd^. It was. as might Vje expected, a fiivourite amusement of his fellow students to try his powers, and they were never known to fail him in a single in- stance. This Faculty continued with him unimpaired, to the d:iy of bis death. For, astonishing as the assertion may appear, it is believed by all his friendstobeliterfdly true, thatheneverthrough his whole life forgot one single number, or date combined with any name or fact, when they had been once joined together, and laid up in bis Memory. When once there, they were engraved as upon marble." Thomas Barnes has been well called '' A man of uncommon activity and diligence with his pen. and is said to have written many hundred sermons which he never preached : a fact very extraordinary if we consider the number he must have lieen nblified to preach in the rourse of forty-two years." Barnes, William. Epigrams, Lon., ISns. Barnes, William Geo. Sermons and Discourses, Lon., 1752. "The subjects of these discourses are chiefly practical; and tho' there is nothing very striking or animated in them, yet they are worthy the perusal of all serious and well disposed persons." — Lon. Mfmihly Heview. Baruet* God's Lift-up Hand for Lancashire, 1648. Barnet, A. Funer.^1 Sermon, Ps. ii. 3, 4, 1794. Baruett, Richard. Odes, 1761. Lat. & Eng. Poems, 1809. Barnewall, R. V. Reports of Cases in King's Bench, with E. H. Alderson. 1817-1822, pub. in 5 vols., Lon., lSlS-1822. (A continuation of Maule and Selwyn's Re- ports.) With C. Cresswell, 1822-1830. pub. in 10 vols., Lon., 1830-1835; with J. L. Adolphus. 1830 to H. T. 4 Wm. IV., pub. in 5 vols., Lon., 1831-1835. Continued bv Adclphus and Ellis, 1835-1856. Barntield, Barnefield, or Barnefielde, Rich- ard, b. 1574, was entered at Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1589. He wrote The Affectionate Shepherd, pub. 1594, 12mo; Cynthia, 1595, 12mo. The author bespeaks the patience of the reader for his rude conceit of Cynthia: " If for no other cause, yet for that it is the first imitation of the verse of that excellent poet. Maister Spencer, in his Fayrie Queene." In 1589 he pub. The Encomium of Lady Pecunia, or the Praise of Money. The Complaint of Poctrie for the Death of Liberalitie. The Combat between Conscience and Covetousnesse in the Minde of Men; and poems in divers humours. A second edit, of this work, considera- bly altered, appeared in 1605. Greene's Funerals was erroneously attributed to Barnfield, but the ode, As it fell upon a Day — which was printed in England's Helicon, 1600, signed Ljnoto, and had the year before been given as Shakspeare's, in the Passionate Pilgrim, — really be- longs to our author. Come live with me, and be my love, is another well-known poem of our author's. See Rose's Biog. Diet. ; Ellis's Specimens ; Ritson's Bib. Poet, ; War- ton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry. It is interesting to us to read the opinions of any of Shakspeare's contemporaries upon the great bard ; therefore we shall quote a few lines of Barnfield's, written in 1598, eighteen years before Shaks- peare's death : "And !?hakspeare, thou, whose honey-flowing vein, (I'leasing the world; thy praises doth contain; Whose Venus and whose Lucrece, sweet and chaste, Thy name in fame's immortal book hath plac'd, Live ever you, at least in ferae live ever! Well may the body die, but fame die never." A copy of the Affectionate Shepherd sold in Reed's sale for £16 10s. Beloe notices a copy in Sion College Library. In 1816 James BoswcU presented to the Members of the Roxburghe Club a reprint (34 copies, 4to) of Poems by Richard Barnfield, including Remarks by the late Ed- mund Malone. One of these copies was disposed of at Bindley's sale for £6 16-9. 6f/. Boswell's sale, £4 6«. Barnham, Sir Francis, a scholar and writer temjy. James I., one of the 84 who were to compose an Academy Royal connected with the Order of the Garter. His His- tory of his family has never been published. Barnham, T. C. A Series of Questions on the most important Points connected with a legal Education, de- signed for the Use of Students preparing for E.xamina- tion, previously to their Admission in the Courts of Law and Equity, 4th ed. By E. Ings, 12mo. Lon., 1840. Barunm, Phineas T., born July 5th, 1810, in Be- thel, Conn. Autobiography, N. Y., 1854. Writer and Lecturer on Agriculture and Temperance. Has an- nounced A History of Humbugs from the Earliest Ages to the Present Day. Baro, or Baron, Peter, d. about 1600, was born at Etampes, in France, but resided the principal part of his life in England, where he pub. a number of works. For this reason we have given him a place in our volume. Ho left his native country to avoid persecution, being a Pro- testant, and was received into the family of Lord Trea- surer Burleigh. Upon the invitation of Dr. Pierce ho settled at Cambridge, and there entered himself a student of Trinity College. In 1575 he was appointed successor to Dr. John Still as Margaret professor of divinity. His doctrine did not give satisfaction to some of his hearers, and he was involved in a niimber of controversies. Some went so far as to think that he was acting a traitor's part at Cambridge; designing to seduce those under his in- fluence to the Roman Catholic Church. •' For so it was, and they could not be beaten out of it, that they thought, that as a certain Spaniard named Ant. Corranus was brought to, and settled in. Oson., purposely to corrupt the true doctrine; so Peter Earo, a French man was for Cambridge." — Wood. Baro retained his chair until 1595, when he resigned, or as Wood says, was removed, " not without the consent of Dr. Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury." He removed to London, where he died about 1600. 1. In Jonam Pro- phetam Prailectiones XSXIX. 2. Condones tres ad Cle- rum Cantabrigiensem, tis (Baron"! ab orbe tuis." „ ,. . . • ,, ■ i,„i Baron, Robert, professor of divinity m Marischal Collce, Aberdeen, was the author of Metaphysica Genc- ralis, Lugd. Bat., 1657, which was in great favour with eminent scholars on the continent. He pub. several theo- logical works, 1621-27, and 'SI. He was elected to the see of Orkney, but was never consecrated, being driven by persecution from Scotland. He died at Berwick. Baron, Samnel. Description of the Kingdom ol Ton.iueen : see Churchill's Voyages, vol. vi., p. 117. Baron, Stephen. Sermones, etc., Lon., per De Worde. Baron, William. Assize Sermon, 1683, 4ta. Barr. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1778. Barr, John. Thanksg. Serm. after Rebellion, 1 , 46, 8vo. Barr, John. The Scripture Student's Assistant. Glaso- ly"^'l Barr, Robt. M. Penna. State Rep., 1846-56, Phil. Barrand. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1808. ^. , ^ , Barrand, Philip. New book of Single Cyphers, °Barreii, Miss. Riches and Poverty, 1808 ; The Test of Virtue, and other Poems, 1811. „„„ . ,.,„ Barren, And. Fens in Norfolk, Suffolk, Ac., 1642. Barren, Edmund. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717-27 Barret. Recant:ition of Certain Errors, Lon., 1628. Barret, or Barrett, B. Analysis of the Nature of SuVdimity. Ac, 1812; Life of Card. Ximenes, Lon., ISIJ. Barret, John. Sermons, Ac, 1698-99. Barret, John. Funeral Sermon, 1777. Barret, John. See Babet, John. Barret, Onsow. Treatise on the Gout, li 85. Barret, Phineas. European Exchanges, Lon., 172-. Barret, Robert. Tbeoriko and Pracktike of Mo- derno Warres, Discoursed in Dialogue Wise, Lou., 1598, folio George Chalmers is of the opinion that Shakspeare refers to this work in his " All's Well that Ends Well." 123 BAR Eprrct, Robert. The Tarrior, Lon., 1660; Compa- nion, Ac, 1699. Barret, or Barrett, Stephen, li 18-1801, a cla,- sical teacher and poet, wrote War, a Satire: and trans. Ovid's Epistles into English Verse, (1759;) the latter work is thought inferior to the former. Barrett, Bryan. The Code Napoleon, Ac, 1812. Barrett, Eaton Stannard, author of several poems, novels, and humorous effusions, the best known of which is The Heroine, or Adventures of Cherubina, a novel m 3 vols., Lon., 1813. '■ The idea of this work is not new, since the pernicious effects of indiscriminate novel-reading have been .already displayed by Mrs Lenox in The Female Quixote, and by Miss Charlton m the pleasing story of Kosella ; but the present Uile is more extravagant than either of those works: and the heroines cruelty towards her fiither indisposes the reader for being interested in her subsennent fete Mr Barrett may also be censured for not confining his ridi- cule to allowable subjects: 'what should be great he turns to &rce ' both in his frequent sarcasms on the clergy, and in his ludi- crous parodies of scenes taken fi-om our best novels : although it might be presumed that, if Cherubin.a's reading had been limited to respectable works of fiction, or if these had made the chief im- pression on her mind and memory, she would not have fallen into the follies which she commits. Still, however, her adventures are written witli great spirit and humour; and they afford many scenes at which ' To be grave exceeds all power of face.' —Lmi. M. Atv. Wom.an; a Poem. Lon., 1810, sm. 8vo. Barrett, Elizabeth B. See Brow.ving, Mrs. Barrett, Francis, Profoesor of Chemistry, Natural and Occult Philosophy, pub. The Magus, ..r CelesUal In- telligencer, being a Complete System of Occult Philoso- phy, illustrated with a great variety of curious engrav- ings, magical and cabalistical figures, Ac, Lon., 1801, 4to ; Lives of Alcbemistical Philosophers, with a Critical Cata- logue of Books in Occult Chemistry, and a Selection of the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice of the Hermetic Art, 1815, 8vo. The ignorant may dis- miss the " System of Occult Philosophy" with a contemptu- ous laugh, but the student of human uaturo will naturally feel a desire to investigate the pretensions of a "science which has turned the br.ains of so many men of vast learn- inc and unquestioned integrity of purpose. Barrett, Henry. The Alps; from the German of " Ba;r';«; VoL, D.D., 1746M821 Vice-Provost of Trinity College. Dublin, and Professor of the Oriental Lan- sua.'es in that University. An Enquiry into the Origin of the Constellations that compose the Zodiac, and the Uses they were intended to promote, 1800, 8vo. " As several authors have given an explanation of the signs of the Zodiac, it was to be presumed that Br. Barrett would attempt to demolish their theories, before he advanced his own; and ac- cordingly, his first pages contain an examination of the s> stems of Macrobius. La I'luche, and La N.auze. In opposing these hy- Dotheses. Dr. B. is more happy than m est.ablishing hi» own. for, though endowed with muJh learning, and qualified by much re- search, he has fallen into the wildest and most fanciful conjec- tures."'— ion. Mrmtliln Ka'irw. Essay on the Earlier Part of the Life of Swift, wil,h seve- ral original pieces ascribed to him, 1S08, 8vo. This work is incorporated in Nichols's edit, of Switt. "We see no ground for questioning any of his conclusions. Those who are fond of similar investigations will be much enter- tained by his researches."— ion. ilontlily Jtevitw. Evan^elium secundum Matthaium, ex Codice. Rescrlpto in Bibliotheca CoUegii St, Trinitatis ju.xta. Dublin, ISOl, 4to. This is a fac-simile ol a MS. of the New Testament, the writing of which had been erased to give place to another work. ,^ „j " In the Prolegomena, he discusses, at considerable length and much ability, the gospel genealogy of our Lord. . . An elegant fee- simil,- ..f tills work is given in Mr. Home's Intioduct on: and an excellent critique on it will be found in the third volume of the old series of tile Eclectic Review, pp. 103 and 6815." See Orme s Bibl Bib., and the works referred to. Barrett, Joseph. A Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1699. Barrett, Joseph. Sermons, 1795, 1806-13. _ Barrett, Richard A. F. A Synopsis of Lriticisms upon those Passages of the Old Testament in which Modern Commentators have differed from the Authorized \ ersion ; toffetherwith an Explanation of Various Difficulties m the Hebrew and English Texts, 2 vols., in 2 Pts. each, and vo . iii , Pt. 1, large 8vo, Lon., 1847. Perhaps m no depart- ment of letters have there been more important additions to the library than in that which treats of the history, pre- servation, integrity, and interpretation of the sacred t«.xt Among the new works on this subject, Mr. BaiTctt s is said '^S^uirrionfa^d'lea'rned work is in^spensable to the Biblical ini3 '»"°;'™°,';"" Q ^ gmi English versions of doubtful ^a^ss^ges a^^' gil™ rjuxlapo^itV;,-' "'^ '"ff"™' °l"-"°-'^ "' commentatorB are quoted at length. BAR This portion of the work, all yut iiuh., (1853.) includes all the historical bookSj — finishing at Esther. — Darihiu's due UiU. Barrett, Serenus. Sermons, Ac, 1715-22-25. Uitrrett, William, d. 17S9, an eminent .Surgeon at Bristol, pub. in irsS the History and Antiquities of the city of Bristol, 1 vol., 4to. This work had been in pre- paration for twenty years. Park calls it '' A motley compound of real jind supposititious history." " The promiscuous mode of citing authors. Ave had almost said, couce.ilin^ authorities, is unworthy a correct or fjulhful writer. "The book abounds with curious and authentic information; and, iu excuse for many of its inaccuracies, it may be necessary to remind the reader that it is the first which has ever beeu pub- lished on th.it subject." — Lon, Gent. Mag., lix. j33; but see pases Vll-'.rli. same \ol. Mr. Barrett was the gentleman who urged Chatterton to produce the poems which he declared he had transcribed from the originals in Kowley's handwriting. Many of the I' original MS.S." were in Mr. Barrett's possession. For .in interesting paper on Chatterton's forgeries, see Gent. Mag. for 17S!4. p. 10,^1 : and see the name in this vrtlur:-. Barrey, Lod. K.am Alley, or Merry Tricks; a Comedy, Lon., 1()12, 4to. See Biog. Dr.amat. Barrie, Alex. A Collection of I'rose and Verse, Edin., 17S1. Barrifec, Win., Lt. Col. Mars, his Trivmph. Lon., Ifi.lO, 4to. Militarie Discipline, Lon., W.','i. 4to; 4th od., lOi.-i. Barriugton, Hon. Daines, 1727-1 SiiO. was the fourth of five celebrated sons of an illustrious father, John, Lord Viscount B.arrington. He studied for some time at Oxford, which he quitted for the Temple, .and was admitted to tJie bar. He retired from the bench (Ijeing a judge in AFales) in 1785, and devoted bijnself to the study of anti- quity, natural history, Ac. Tlic fruit-; of his researches were given to the public in 17l'iS. iu his learned Observa- ', tions on the .Statutes, 4to. This work has been frequently reprinted, 1767, '69, '75. 5th edit. 1795. The later edi- tions contain new matter. "Mr. Barrington. in his Observations, has contributed very much to the elucidation of the more ancient laws of Kn'4land. by iutroclucini; historical illustrations of the times durinj which the statutes were enacted. The volume abounds in curious, learned, and valu.able information." — MarvhCs Legal Bill. '• Like an active general in the service of the putdic, the author storms the strongholds of chicane, wheresoever they p.esent them- selves, and particularly fictii^is, without reserve." " Mr. Daines Barringtnn is more of the anti juariau and histo- rian than of the philosopher or l;iwver. H.^ has selected from the earliest volume of our statute-book' a number of acts, upon whicli he has given a commentary, curious rather in an antiquarian point of view, than in its illustration of the changes introduced into our legal polity. Many of the statutes commented upon af- ford an ample field for the displ.ay of much research into the man- ners and customs of the times. Others again throw much light upon the historical events of the period. Upon some occasions the author digresses con.sidenililv. but the matter thus introduced is alw.ays curious and valuable." — IMro^jhxtiic licvieic, vol ix., p. 250 : read the whole of this long article. In 1767 was pub. his Nntur.ilist's Calendar; in 1773 his edit, of the Saxon trans, of Orosiu.5, ascribed to King Al- fred. In 1775 appeared his tracts on the Possibility of reaching the North Pole. These tracts were designed to promote a favourite project of Mr. Barrington's, which he had the pleasure of seeing carried out iu the voyage of Captain Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave. '■ It must be allowed that the learned author bestowed much time and labour on this subject, and accumulated an amazing quimtity of written, tr.aditionarv, and conjectural evidence, in proof of the possibility of circumnavigating the globe ; but when his testimonies were examined, they proved rather ingenious than satisfactory." — Chulincrs's Biog. Did. The edit, of 1818 contains some of Capt. Beaufoy's spe- culations on the same subject. These tracts are also con- tained in his Miscellanies on Various Subjects, [Natur.al History, Ac.,] pub. 1781, 4to. Mr. Barrington contributed several papers to the Arcliteologiaj 1770, '75, '77, and to the Phil. Trans.. 1767, '71, '73. Barrington, George, superintendent of the convicts at Par.imatta. A Voyage to N"ew South Wales, 1795. Sequel, ISOO. The History of \ew South Wales, 1803, 2 vols. This author was the well known, or, rather, widely known, light-flugered gentleman to whom is ascribed the witty couplet: " True patriots we I For be it understood. We left our country for our country's good." On the voyage out Barrington gained the good-will of the officers of the ship, by assisting so materially to quell a conspiracy of the convicts, th.at he was considered the preserver of the vessel and the lives of the honest men on board. " We distrusted t'ae pretensions of the oston.-itle author [Voy- BAR age to N. S. Wales.] being well aware that there are methods of picking pockets unknown, perhaps, to Mr. P., eminent as he has beeu for skill in the profession. We had doubts whether some in- genious hand had not made free with Mr. B. himself; or. at least, with a name of so much cetebrilij and promise. On perusing, how- ever, a few p.ages of the work, our suspicions abated ; and before we arrived at its conclusion, not a doubt remained of its autheo- ticity." — Lo/j. Monthly lieview. Harrington, John Sliute, Lord Viscount of the Kingdom of Ireland. 167.S-1734. was the youngest son of Benj.amin Shute. of London. Francis Biirrington. of the ancient house of Barrington in Essex, who h.ad married his cousin-gormun, Elizabeth Shute, settled upon him his estate in Essex, and, by act of parliament, Mr. Shute was permitted to assume the name and arms of Barrington. He was distinguished at an early age for his talent and judgment. " One .Mr. Shute is n.amed the secretary to Lord Wharton [Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.] He is a young man. but reckoned the shrewdest head in England. ... As to his principles, he is a mo- derate man, frequenting the chiu-ch and meeting indifferently." — Dean Swift. In 1723 his lordship retired from political life, and de- voted himself to theological researches, for which he al- ways cherished a predilection. He married a daughter of Sir William Daines, by whom he had six sons: the five who lived to ni.an's estate all became distinguished characters. 1. William, Lord Barrington; 2. John, a major-general in the army; 3. Daines, justice of Chester; 4. Samuel, an admiral;" 5. Shute, Bishop of Durham. Lord Barrington jmb. a number of works, 1696-173:!. the principal of which is Miscellanea Sacra; or a New Me- thod of considering so much of the History of the Apostles as is contained in Scripture; in an Abstract of their His- tory, an Abstract of that Abstract, and four Critical Es- E.ays, Lon., 1725, 2 vols. 8vo. A new edit., under the su- pervision of the author's son, the Bishop of Durham, in 3 vols., 1770, Svo. The 1st edit, was pub. anonymously. " This work contains some verv valualde information on sub- jects not usually discussed. The first essay is on the teaching and witness of the .'Spirit, and affords some ingenious illustrations of the miraculous gifts of the primitive churches. The second is on the distinction between Apostles, Elders, and Brethren, in which the n.ature of the apostolic office is particularly examined. The third is on the time when Paul and Barnabas became, and were known to be, apostles ; in which he contends that Paul was not constituted an apostle till bis second visit to Jerusalem, men- tioned Acts xxii. 17--21. The last is on the Apostolical decree, Acts XV. 23-SO."— Orao's Bibl. Bib. The 2d edit, contains an Essay On the Several Dispen- sations of God to Mankind, in the order in which they lie in the Bible ; or a Short System of the Religion of Nature and Scripture, 1st edit., 1725. Both works will be found in the Rev. G. Townsend's edit, of Viscount Barrington's works, Lon., 1838, 3 vols. " Much valuable information may be derived from this work. [An Essay, Ac.]" — Qtuirtfrly Rrriew. Dr. Benson acknowledges his obligation to the Miscel- lanea Sacra, in his history of the first planting of Chris- tianity, and in some other of his works. '•The merit of this work [Miscellanea Sacra] is generally ac- knowledged." — Rev. T. II. HORNE. "Ills theological works will alwavs remain the fairest and most duralile monument of his literary reputation. Few writers iu the last century possessed higher qualifications for the attainment of a profound and extensive knowledge of the Scriptures."— Ret. Geo. Tow-nsend. Barrington, Sir Jonah, 1767-1834, Judge of the Court of Admiralty in Ireland. Personal Sketches of his Own Time, Lon., 1830, 3 vols. Svo. Historic Anecdotes and Secret Memoirs relative to the Legislative Union between Great Britain and Ireland, 5 parts, pub. 1809-15, in 4to, at 21«. per part. Published complete in 2 vols, imp. 4to, 1835, with 40 portraits, at £5 59. '■ This remarkable work was begun publishing in parts several years ago. and excited a considerable sensation at the time. It was announced to appear in ten parts, at one guinea each, and several were speedily published. From some unexplained cause, however, the progress of the work was suddenly suspended, and reports were circulated of its having been ofticially suppressed on account of the freedom of its language; which gave the published parts .a great market.aMe value, and they could not afterwards bo oI>t.ainedat any price. It remained for that enterjii i-iOL' publisher, Mr. Collmrn, to rescue it from being Inst to the ),ublie, \\ liii-h ho did by purchasing the whole materials, after they liad tjeen sup- pressed for several years, from the family. The work is now com- pleted as originally iuteuded by the autlior." The Historic Memoirs have been issued in cheap form, entitled The Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation. Barrington, Hon. and Rt.Rev.Shute,17S4-1826, successively Bishop of Llandalf, Salisbury, and Durham, was the sixth son of the first Lord Earringt(m. (See ante.) He was educated at Eton, and in 1752 became a gentle man-commoner at Merton College, Oxford. His lordship edited in 1770 .in edit, of his learned father's Miscellanea 129 BAR Sacra, anrl pub. several sermons, charges, tracts, 4c., 1772- 1815. He also contributed many valuable notes to the enlarged eilition of Bowyer's Conjecture on the New Tes- tament, ami prepared for the press the Political Life of his brother William, second Viscount Barrington, which ■work was edited by Sir Francis Bernard. " His rem.irks on the Orei_-k Test.iment inserted in Bunyan s Critical Conjectures are characterised by sound judRment and Kieat caution. . . Histracts,sermons,andcharEes,arealikecharacteriseil by sound judgment, clearness of expression, and fervent piety. (Rev. Geo. Townsend : read this interesting memoir of a true " man of God," prefi.xed to Mr. Townsend's edit, of Viscount Barrin^ton's Works, Lon., 1828, 3 vols.) Barron, Arthur, and Alfred Austin. Reports of Cases of controverted Elections, Lon., 1844; and Aru. Essays on the Mechanical Principles of the Plough, Edin., 1775, 8vo ; Letters on Belles Lettres and Logic, Lon., 1806, 8vo, 2 vols. '■ A vahmljle work for the student."— Lowndes. Barrough, Philip. Method of Physick, containing the Causea,"Signs, aud Cures of Inward Diseases in Man's Body, from Head to Foot, Lon.. 1610, 'IT, '34, '39, 4to. Barroughby, or Barrowby, VV., M.D. Trans, of the Medical Works of Astrue and others. Lon., 1737-38. Barrow, Henry. The Pollution of University Learn- ing, Lon., 1642. Barrow, Henry. Sec B.irrowes. Barrow, Humphrey. The Relief of the Poor, and Advancement of Learning Proposed, Lon., 1656. Barrow, Isaac, D.l>., 1630-1677, an eminent mathe- matician and divine, was born in the city of London. His father was linen-draper to Charles I., whom he followed to Oxford. After the decapitation of his king, he (Tho- mas Barrow) attended Chiirles II. in his exile, and con- tinued with him till the Restoration. His brother, Isaac Barrow, uncle to the snlyect of our memoir, was made Bishop of the Isle of Man. The early youth of Isaac Barrow was unpromising. At the Charter-House School ho was remarkable for an uncommonly belligerent dispo- Bition. aud dealt as hard blows to his schoolfellows as he afterwards directed at the Supremacy of the Pope. His father, we.iried with the exercise of unavailing discipline, intimated that the loss of the young warrior would not be a heart-breaking affair, by expressing the opinion that if it pleased Providence to remove any of his children, Isa.ao could be the best spared'from the group. Placed at school at Felstead in Essex, Isaac suddenly assumed a new cha- racter; — that of a diligent, persevering student. In 1643 he was admitted a pensioner of Peterhouse, Cambridge, and two years later entered Trinity College. A Latin oration displeasing some of the Fellows, Dr. Hill, the master, replied to their complaints, " Barrow is a better man than any of us." The writings of Lord Bacon, Des Cartes, Galileo, and other profound philosophers, were now his favourite study. In 1649 he commenced B.A. ; in 1652 ho proceeded M.A. ; and in the same year was incorporated in the same degree at Oxford. He thought at this time of becoming a physician, and studied anatomy, botany, and chemistry. Shortly, how- ever, he resumed the study of divinity. In 1655 he started on a continental tour. The vessel in which he was a pas- senger being attacked by an Algerino corsair, Barrow as- sumed carnal weapons, and fought manfully until the jiirate was driven off. As we have seen he had a strong natural inclination for hostilities, perhaps he was not sorry for this opportunity of once more taking up the cudgels in a lawful combat. This voyage and combat Barrow has re- corded in a long poetical narrative in hexameter aud pen- tameter verse. At Constantinople he read through the works of Chrysostom ; this city having been the diocese of the "golden-mouthed" bishop. It was reasnnaldy ex- pected at the time of the Restoration that Barrow would have received immediate preferment; but the profligate, ungrateful monarch, when in the possession of wealth and power, was too much sunk in sensuality and criminal in- dnlence, to make any exertions for the benefit of those who had aided him in the day of adversity. The Egyp- tian butler is the type of too many in this world, — " yet did he not remember Joseph, but forgat him." It was at this time that Barrow wrote his celebrated epigram : " Te magis optavit, rediturum, Carole, uemo, Et nemo sensit, te redisse minus." " Thy restX)ration, I{oy.al Charles. I see. By none more wished, by none less felt, than me." In 1660 ho was chosen professor of Greek at Cambridge. Tn 1662 he received the appointment of Professor of Geo- 130 BAR meiry in Gresham College. In 1669 ho felt it his duty to apply himself to his ]irofession as a divine. "At his or- dination lie had vowed to serve God in the gospel of his Son, and he could not make a Bible out of Euclid, nor a pulpit out of his mathematical chair. His only redress was to quit them both." He therefore resigned his pro- fessorship at Gresham College to his friend, the afterwards illustrious Isaac Newton. In 1670 he was created doctor of divinity, by royal mandate, and in Feb., 1672. he was promoted "to the Mastership of Trinity College, the king observing that he had bestowed it upon " the best scholar in England." In 1675 he was chosen vice-chancellor of his university. The life of this great man was now draw- ing to a close. In April, 1677, he was attacked by a fever, in London, which terminated fatally on the fourth of May following. As a mathematician, Barrow undoubtedly oc- cupies a very high station, although there is a diflerence of opinion as to the exact position which it is proper to assign to him. Dr. Pemberton remarks, "He may be esteemed as having shown a compass of invention equal, if not superior, to any of the moderns. Sir Isaac Newton only excepted." It must be remembered that it was at the early age of thirty-two he was chosen professor of geometry ; which he resigned seven years later. Had he felt it consistent with his higher oblig.ations, to continue his m.athematical researches, it is impossible to predict the progress he might have made in science. " On Geometry, as a platform, he paved the way, with his theory of Inanitvsimal, for the discovery of the Fluxional and Differ- ential Calculi, by Newton and Leibnitz. Barrow originated the idea of what has been called the incrrmental triangle, and showed the error of his predecessors, in affirmiug that a portion of a curve maybe taken so small that it may. in calculation be considered as a stiai"ht line. This notion, although one which the mind readily admits" is utterly untrue, and contradictory to the first principles of geometry. . , 'Barrow is the author of a work which, in the eyes of sober-minded matheuiaticians, will always be as classically dear as the uroivein of Euclid were to the school of Alexandria ; we mean his Mathematicie Lectiones, perfect models in the hands of those who are attached to the reasoning of sound geometry,"— i?0S€S Biog. Die. His English Theological works collected, first appeared in 3 vols., folio, in 1686, published under the superiiitond- ance of Dr. Tillntson and Abraham Hall ; several edits^, last in 1741. The Opuscula were first published in 1687, His mathematical works appeared: Euclidis Elemata, Cantab., 1655; Euclidis Data, Cantab., 1675; Lectiones Opticic, Lon., 1669; Lectiones Geometrica, Lon., 1670; Archimedis Opera ; Apollonii Conicorum, Libri IV. : Theo- dosii Sphierica, Lon., 1675. The following were puldishcd after his death : Lectio de Spha;ra et Cylindro, Lon., 1678 ; Lectiones Mathematical, 1783. The English works were republished at the Clarendon Press in 18^8, 6 vols. 8vo ; again, Oxford, 8 vols. 8vo. Two edits, have been pub. with the Opuscula (first printed in 1687) added. The one edited by the Rev. T. S. Hughes, in 7 vols. 8vo, omits the greater p.art of Barrow's learned quo- tations. The other, edited by the Rev. James Hamilton, Edin., 1842. 3 vols. Svo, " is complete and correctly printed." — Darlinijs Cyc. Bill. Three years later (t. e. in ISib) an excellent edit, was pub. by Mr. John C. Riker of New York, 3 vols. Svo. This contains all of the works of Barrow, save his mathe- matical compositions, which are of little use to the gene- ral reader. Biographical notices from Hill, Hamilton, &c. are prefixed, and copious indexes add greatly to the value of this creditable edition. Barrow was a man of great wit. His description of facetiousness has been quoted liy Addison, and was consi- dered by Dr. Johnson the finest thing in the language. We quote an instance of his ready wit : Meeting the Earl of Rochester one day, the witty peer exclaimed, " Doctor, I am yours to the shoe-tie ;" to which the clergym,an re- plied. " My lord, I am yours to the ground." The peer rejoined, "Doctor, I am yours to the centre." "My lord," retorted the Doctor, " I am yours to the antipodes." Deter- mined not to be outdone, his lordship blasphemously added, " Doctor, I am yours to the lowest pit of hell ;" on which Barrow turned on his heel, and said, "And there, my lord, I leave you." Hero was true wit, and something much better than wit ; — a reproof to a scorner. Of his humanity, we have the following instance on record: "Walking .about the premises of a friend in the evening, he was attacked by a fierce niastitf. which was left unchained at night, and had not become acquainted with the doctor's pi>rson. He strui'gled with the dog. .and threw him down; but when on the point of strangling him. he reflected that the animal was only doing his duty in sei/.inK a stranger: for which, therefne, he did not deserve to die. As he durst not loose his hold. 1> st the dog should seize and tear him, he laid himself down on the animal, and there remained till some one came to his assistance." BAR Of the Dr.'s extreme neglect of his personal appearance, and the consequences resulting therefrom, we have a ludi- crous story in the Biographia Britannica. He was noted for the length of his sermons. Ilis Spital Permon, or the Duty and Reward of Bounty to the Ponr. " took up three hours and a half in its delivery. "When :i:^ked at its con- clusion, if he was not fatigued, he acknowledged that he began to be weary of standing so long!" '■ We were once goiiijj from Siilisbury to London, he, Barrow, in the coach with the Bishop, and I on horseback. As he was en- tering the coach, I jjeiceived his pockets strutting out near half a foot, and I said to him, 'What have you f^ut in your pockets?' Hereplied, •Sermons.' 'Sermons!' saidl,'p;ive them tome; my boy shall carry them in his portmanteau, and i-ase you of that himjage.' 'But,' said he, 'suppose your boy should lified learning, witli practice and experience in the affairs of real lite corrected aud ren- dered philosophical by retirement and meditation, with the intense and concentiat*-d industry of the monk, guided by the sense of utility of the man of the world, these vigorous scholars seem pe- culiarly adapted by Providence to become firm and majestic pillars of such an ecclesiastical establishment as the Chxu-ch of England. • Blessed is she' —we mav venture to apply the words of Scripture — ' for she has her quiver full of them. '"-Pro/, Shaw's OuUtms of English Literature. '*• He once uttered a most memorable observation, which charac- terizes both the intellectual and moral constitution of his mind- would that it could be engraven on the mind of every youth, a? his guide through life — ■ A i-tkaightlixelsthesboktestin mokau AS WELL AS IN GEOMETKV.'" — Cleveland's Comp. of Eng. Lit. In an article in the Quarterly Review, vol, xxii., on Pulpit Eloquence, we have a very satisfactory explanation of the exhaustive character of Barrow's Sermons, which was referred to by Chas. II. when he called him au *' unfair preacher." '■ At the Restoration, men's minds were weary of religious, as well as civil, turbulence: the countrj^had been so long disti-acted by the multiplicity of sects, all equally fierce and intolerant, that repose was the prevailing wish of almost all parties. There was wanted, therefore, a writ^-r,who. as it were, once for all, should search every question to the bottom with laborious impartiality ; who should lay it in all its possible bearings before the understanding ; who should not merely confute every error, but trace it to its ori- gin, aud detect its secret operation on the mind; who should, in short, exhaust as it were, theology. Such a preacher was Barrow. Endowed with au acuteness which could penetrate every subject, with a nicety and precision of definition more nearly approaching than any other modern, except perhaps Bacon, to Aristotle; with a copiousness and varietv of language, which enabled him to con- vey to the mind with the utuiost perspicuity the most minute dif- ferences; Barrow add-d tnall tins some of the yet unextinguished warmth which had aniniati'd his predecessors, and is occasionally glowing, vehement, impassioned." The following eloquent eulogium on our author is from the same able periodical : " Never may the English student of theology be weary of the study of Barrow ! The greatest man of our church— the express image of her doctrines and spirit— the model, fwe do not hesitate to say it.)without a f;iult— a pertect masferof the art of reasoning, yet awaie of the limits to which reason should be confined, now wielding it with the authoritvof an angel, and now .again stooping it before the deep things ofGod with the humihty of a child- alike removed from the Puritan of his own generation, and the Rationalist of the generation which succeeded him— no precisian, no latitudinarian : full nf faith, vet free from superstition, a ste-ad- fast believer in a particular Providence, in the efficacy of human prayers, in the active influence of God's Spirit, but without one touch of the visionarv :— Conscious of the deep corruption of our nature, though still thinking he could discover in it some traces of God's image in ruins, and under a lively sense of the const^ quences of this corruption, casting himself altogether upon Gods mercy through the sufferings of a Saviour for the consummation of ' that day which he desired with a strong desire to attain unto, when, his mind purged, and his eye clear, he should be permitted to behold aud understand without the labour and intervention of slow and successive thought, not this our system alone, but more and more excellent things than this.' " Wo have devoted more space than we intended to the works of this great man. But which of our readers will blame us ? Exalted as is our theme, it stands not upon its own merits alone. Great as is the name of Barrow, it is as but one of the lesser genii who announces the coming of one far mightier, before whom all subordinate powers bow in lowly reverence. Barrow was the most conspicuous star that had arisen in that twilight dawning which pre- ceded the full burst of a new day of scientific truth ; but as the brightest star must pale before the glory of the sun when he "goeth forth in bis strength," so must the fame of Barrow give place to the mighty name of Newton. In imagination we are carried some two centuries back, and in the classical halls of Trinity College we behold, in studious converse, a tutor who softens tbe austerity of in- struction with the benignity of parental interest, and a pale-faced youth, whose ductile mind gladly receives thosu seeds of knowledge, which, by tbe richness of its soil, it shall shortly reproduce, augmented ahundred fold. Yes ! here is the " Isaac Newton of our college." as Barrow affectionately styles him ; — "peregregia? vir indolis ae insignis peritia'." Thou hast read him well, philosopher! Thy master is BAR BAR before thee in that modest tyro, who now drinks in every accent of thy words of wisdom. Thy phice shall he given to one greater than thou; yet shalt thou he highly exalted in the nohle office of making known to a perishing world the glad tidings of eternal life, through the proclamation of the everlastitg gospel. The scholar assumed the ma- thematical chair, when his master, who had resigned it in his favour, ascended the pulpit. Between such men, the idea of i-ivalry is out of place. They laboured for one end. they advanced the same cause, though in different departments of the Master's vineyard. The distinguished tutor and his illustrious pupil, Isaac Newton and Isaac Barrow, the philosopher-divine and the divine-philosopher, the one from the scientific chair, and the other from the sacred desk, served their genera- tion as chosen expositors of the ways of Providence and the revelation of His word; and their recorded teachings shall, to remotest times and as yet unpeopled regions, de- clare the "wonderful works of God !" Barrow, James. A Poem on the Peace between Great Brit^iin and France. Lon., 1802, 4to. Barrow, John. Visit^ation Sermon, lfiS.3. 4to. Barrow, John. New Medicinal Dictionary, con- taining an Kxphmation of all the Terras used in Physic, Ac, Lon., 1749, 8vo. New Essay of the Practice of Phy- sic, Lon., 1767. Barrow, John. Navigatio Britannica, or a complete System of Navigation in all its Branches, Lon., 1750. 4tn. " In this pc-rfniiiKtnce. the author, from a few self-evident prin- ciples, and in a methodical and perspicuous manner, leads the learner, as it were, by the hand, thro' a yradual ascent, till he be- comes a complete master both of the theory and practice of the whole art." — Lon. Monthly Eevieiv. A New and Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, Lon., 175.3, folio. A Supplement, 1755, fol. A Collection of Authentic, Useful, and Entertaining Voyages and Discoveries, digested in a Chronological Series. 1675. .3 vols. 12mo. ; the first edit, of this was i)ub. anonymously in 1756, and was entitled A Chronological Abridgement, or History of Discoveries made by Europeans in different parts of the World. The 2d edit, was much enlarged, and succeeded so well that Targe pub. a translation in French, in the next year, at Paris, in 12 vols. Barrow, Sir John, 1764-lvS4y, distinguished him- self by his scicntiiic acquirements and his valuable accounts of Travels and Voyages. As private secretary to Sir George Staunton, who accompanied the Earl of Macartney in his expedition to China, and as under- secretary to the Admiralty, he enjoyed pcf^uHar advantages for personal observation and access to the recorded expe- rience of others. Parry and Franklin have been much indebted to the suggestions of Sir John Barrow, and most of the scientific expeditions that have been undertaken by England for the last twenty years have been referred (o Sir John for approval. His work on Cochin China has been translated (!) into French by Malte Brun. De Guignes wrote a treatise on one of his works, entitled Ob- servations sur les voyages de Barrow a la Chine. See Georgian Era. A work on Mathematical Drawing Instru- ments, Lon., 1790. Account of Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa in the years 1797 and 179S, Lon., 4to, 2 vols., lSOl-04; 2d ed., 1806. " Very few writers of travels have po5:<;ps«:pd such a variety and extent of information, both political and srientitic as Mr. Barrow: hence these volumes are acceptable and instructive to all classes of readers, and have attained a celebrity not greater than they de- serve." — Stevenson. Travels in China, 4to, Lon. 1804; 2d edit. 1806. "The mnst valuable and interestinfr account of the Chinese na- tion that has been yet laid before the public."' — luh'nhvrgh Jfcview. A Voyage to Cochin China in the years 1793 and 179.3: to which is annexed an Account of a Journey made in the years ISOl and 1S02 to the residence of the Chief of the Booshuana Nation. 4to, Lon., 1S06. " Perhaps the most valuable of all Mr. Barrow's travels, as it relates to a country unt previouslv known, except by the account of the missionaries. . . . In 1S09. a pretended French translation by :\ralte Rrun .-ippeared. in which the text of Barrow was com- pletely perverted and corrupted."' — Low?fBES. Some Account of the Public Life, and a Selection from the unpublished Writings, of the Earl of Macartney, &c., 2 vols. 4to, Lon, 1807. This work should accompany Sir George Staunton's account of his Lordship's embassy to China. " The short sketch relatintr to Russia contains more information than is to be met with in many 4trget that .'^ir John Barrow's public career lay in the most interesting and varii'd hemisphere of the official world. In short, here is another pleas;int English book to bo added to the Englishman's library." — Aihcnanim.. Barrow, John, Jr., son of the preceding. Excur- sions in the North of Europe, Ac, Svo, Lon., 1835. " If the work were less meritorious than it is, we should still have applauded the spirit of the undertaking; but. in fact, th ; execufion is fully equal to the purpose, and we have seldom read a more amusing narrative. Nothinir is barren to this inquisitive and candid traveller." — Quarterly Review. Visit to Iceland, by way of Tronyem, in the summer of 1S34, Lou., Svo, 18.35. " We found Mr. Barrow's former journal f^Kxcursion to the North of Europe) so pleasant, and, compared with the writings of travel- lers on the beaten hijh road of the r,,iitinent. so fresh, that we were glad to receive his Visit to Iceland, and think it quite as interesting, and fully as unaffected in style as its predecessor. The book is. on the whole, a manly and pleasant one. and we hope Sir. Barrow will not give up hi^ summer rambles." — Lou-Afhena-um. Tour round Ireland in the Autumn of 1835, Lon., Svo, 1836. Tour in Austrian Lombardy, Bavaria, Ac, p. Svo, 1S40. Memoir of his Father, Sir John Barrow. " Mr. Barrow's volume is shrewd and lively: liis eyes are sharp, and what he sees he never fails to place in a clear and entertain- ing manner before us."' — 7>m. Quar. Rev. Itarrow, John H., d. 1S58. 1. Mirror of Parlia- ment. 2. Kiuir Maleek, and other works. For many years cuinected with the London press. Barrow, S. Religious School-Books, Lon., 1812, *13. Barrow, William, b. about 1754, d. 1836. studied at Queen's College. Oxford. lie delivered the Bampton Lec- tures for 1709 ; when published in a volume, they met with a rapid sale. An Essay on Education. 12mo, Lon., 1802. Two large editions were sold in a few years. Sermons pub. at various dates. After retiring from the duties of a school, of which he had charere for 17 years, " He divided his time between his books, to which he alwavs re* 133 BAR BAR fained a stronjc attaL-bment. and the conversation and society of his friends, to whom his visits were always acceptable; not decliu- int;, however, to Rive gratuitous assistance to hia clerical friends in the duties of his proti-ssiun, or to preach occasional sermons, of wliicb many were published at the request of the audiences to which they were respectively addressed." — Lnn. Gent, Mortant, and to display great ability on the part of the author. It excited con- siderable interest both at home and abroad." Barry, Edward, M.D.. D.D., b. about 1759, d. 1822, studied at the University of St. Andrews. He pub. a num- ber of works ou medicine, law, divinity, and politics, Lon., 1783-1809. Barry, Sir Edward, M.D., d. 1776, studied at Ley- don, under Boerhaave. Treatise ou Consumption of the Lungs. Dub., 172G: Lon., 1727, Svo, On Digestions. Dis- charges. Ac, Lon.. 1759. Ccm. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1732-41:. On the Wines of the Ancients, &c., Lon,, 1775. " The substance of this work will be found in Dr. Alex, Hender- son's History of Wines." — Lowndes. But Mr. Lowndes should have stated that Dr. Barry's was a prior publication. Henderson's History was pub. in 1824. Barry, Garret. Discourse of Military Discipline de- rided into three Boockes, Bruxelles. 1634, sm. fol. " This singular and extremely curious work is not noticed by Grose in his history of the English Army." — Lowndes. Barry, George, 1747-1804, was minister of the parish of Shapinshay. He was a contributor to Sir John Sin- clair's Statistical Account of Scotland, Ediu., 1792-99, Svo. He devoted several years to collecting materials for a civil and natural history of the 67 Islands of Orkney, and in 1805 pub. The History of the Orkney Islands, ic, Edin. and Lon., 4to. " No inconsiderable interest is certainly imparted to the con- tents of this volume, by the remoteness of the Orkneys, the little intercourse which they hold with the central parts of the empire, the incidents of a foreij^n population, their lonj^ connection with another state, their subsequent incorpoi-ation with tho crown of Scotland, and the differences of their manners, laws, and usages." — Lon. Monthly Review. Barry, Girald, usually called Giraldus Cam- breusis, or Girald of Wales, was born about 1146, and is supposed to have died aliout the year 1223. His father, William de Barri. was a powerful Norman baron, hi.s mother was a descendant of the princes of South Wales. His education was completed at the University of Paris, where he studied for three years, and proved bis natural genius and assiduity in study by his famous lectures on rhetoric and polite literature. Returning to England in 1172, ho entered into holy orders, and obtained several benefices in England and Wales. Upon the death of his uncle, David Fitz-Gerald, Bishop of St. David's, who had directed his early studie.-^. the chapter made choice of Gl- raldus as his successor; but the np]ni,sition of King Henry II. prevented this proniutiun. Hercup«»n (iiraldus, in 1176, returned to Paris, and renewed his studies in theology, and in the civil and canon law. paying especial attention to tho decretals, or papal constitutions. In IISO he again visited England, and in 11S5, whilst acting as secretary and privy counsellor to Prince {afterwards King) John, who was at this time in Ireland, ho commenced collectinir 134 the materials for his Topographia Hibernian, which ho completed in 1187. In this year he read this work, tha three books, on three successive days, before a public audi- ence at Oxford. Knowing that men are accessible in other ways than through love of letters, he gave sumptuous entertainments one day to the poor of the town, the second day to the doctors and scholars of celebrity, and the third diiy to the scholars of lower rank, the soldiers, townsmen, and burgesses. Giraldus is not at all too modest to inform us of his uni- form success as a disputant, and of the marvellous effects of his eloquence. So great he assures us was the latter, that those who were ignorant of the Latin or French, in which he addressed them, were still moved to tears by his orations ! In 11 98 PeterdeLeia, preferred by the choice of Henry II. to the bishopric of St. David's, in place of Giraldus, was removed by death, and again Giraldus was elected, but the Archbishop of Canterbury refused to accept the nomina- tion. The chapter again elected him, and Giraldus visited Rome to plead on their behalf. The pope decided against the bi.sbop-elect in 1203, and Geofl'rey de Hcnlawe was elected Bishop of St. David's. Thus disappointed, he re- nounced all ambitious hopes, and devoted himself to lite- rary composition. When overtures were made to him in 1215 to accept of the again vacant see of St. David's, he judged it best under the circumstances of the case to de- cline all advances. He finished two of his most important works, De Principis Instructione, and the Speculum Eccle- siiE,in 1210, in which year he also revised a second edition of the dialogues of the church of St. David's. Tanner quotes a document which states that in 1223 the church of Chesterton in Oxfordshire was vacant "by the death of Master G. de Barri," from which we presume this to have been the date of his death. Giraldus was undoubt- edly one of the brightest ornaments of his age. " Noble in his liirth. and comely in his person ; mild in his man- ners, and affable in !iis conversation; zealous, active, and un- daunted in maiutaiuiug the rii,'bts and dignities of his church; moral in his character, and orthodox in his principles; charitable and disinterested, though ambitious; learned, though supersti- tious: such wasUiraldus. And. in whatever point of view we exa- mine the charact-er of this extraordinary man. whether as a scho- lar, a patriot, or a divine, we m.ay justly consider him as one of the brightt'st luminaries that adorned the annals of the twelfth century." So writes Sir Richard Colt Hoare. who, in 1806, pub. in two splendid quarto volumes, the Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin through Wales, A. d. IISS, by Giraldus de Barri; translated into English, and illustrated with views, anno- tations, and a life of Giraldus. Giraldus was a voluminous author: his own list con- sists of 1. The Chronography and Cosmography in Latin hexa- meters and pentameters. Not known to be in existence. 2. The Topographia Hibernifc, in 3 books, printed Franc- fort, 1602. and in Holinshed. 3. The Expugnatio Hiber- nlsif sivo Historia Vaticiualis; an Account of the Norman Conquest of Ireland, being a sequel to the preceding work, " The many invectives contained in it against Ireland, and the natives of it, the fables with which it ahnundt'd. and the gross errors through the whole, alarmed many of the Irish, and set their pens a-going.'* Archbishop Usher's opinion is highly favourable : '■ Viruni Aut)r|nii;ilinn. luiu Iliberuiji.' solum sua;, sed aliariun etiam gentium scieiilissimum.'' 4. Legends of Saints. Some of these lives have been printed in Wharton's Anglia Sacra. 5. The Life of Geof- frey, Archbishop of York. Printed by Wharton. Com- piled in 1193. 6. Symbolum Elcetorum. Not printed. 7. Liber Invectionuiu. 8. Speculum duorum commonitorum et consolatorium. Both of these books are supposed to be lust. 9. Gemma Eoclesiastica. 10. The Itinerary of Cambria. 11. The Topographia Cambria, in 2 books. The 1st only was printed in the earliest editions. Tho 2d was first printed in the Anglia Sacra. 12. De Fidei Fructu fideli- que Defectu ; which is lost. 13. De Principis Instruc- tione. 14. De Gestis Giraldi Laboriosis. 15. De Jure et Sbitu Menevensis ecclcsice. The above (from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.) complete Giraldus's own list; but the Speculum Ecclesitx, one of his latest and most remarkable productions, must be added. Harry, J. M., M.D. The Cow-Pox, Cork, 1800. Barry, James, Lord of Sautry, 1598-1673. Tho Case of Tenures, ic, Dubl., 1637, fob; repr. 1725, 12mo. Barry, James, 1741-1806, a distinguished painter, b. at Cork. He pub. a number of profess, works, 1775- 93. which wore ct.llectcd and pub. in 2 vols. 4to, 1S09, Lon. ; Lite prefixed. In earl}' life Barry was enabled to study his art ia Italy, through the bounty of that orna- BAR ment to human nature, Kdiuun.l Burke. Sec Barry's Let- ters iM liurke, in the " Correspou.Ienco" of the hitter. Barry, M. J., aud \V. Keogh. A Treatise on the Practice of the High Court of Chancery in Ireland, Dubl., 1S41. 8vo. " It is the condensation of the works of Daniell, Mitford, Story, Ihirriion, aud Hare upou the sul'ject of Equity Pleading and Tracticu adapted to the Irish Equity Rules and Decisionu. The authors have written their wurk with a constant reference to the best autliorities; auri it will be consulted with advanUige by every Kquity lawyer." — Marviti's Legal Bibl. Barry, Thos, Monsipi Indians, 1797-1800. Barry, Thos. tie, a Scottish poet, flourished about lljyij. lie was a canon of Gla^^gow, and the first provost of Bothwcll. He was the authur of a Latin poem in ho- uuur of the battle of Utterbuurne. See Extracts in For- iuu's Scoti-Chronicun, by Bower, lib. xiv. cap. 54. "Of the leuuine kind, and'sullicieully barbarous."— De. Irvin'G. Barstou, John. Safcj^uarde of Sucictie, Lon., 1576, BarteII,Ed.,Jr. Town of Cromer, ISOU. Hints, ISO-i. Barter, Charles. Sermon, 1SU6, Barthlet, J. Pedegrewoof Pop. Ileretiques.Lon,, 1566, B a rtholo Ulceus, Bishop of Exeter, d. about 11S7, is honourably mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis as one of the great luminaries of his country. His best-known work is a Penitential : a cumpilatiou from similar works, and the canons and constitutions of the Church. Among his other works were Dialogues against the Jews, (in MS, in the Bodleian Library,) and, according to Leland, a treatise De Praidestinatione et Libcro ArbiLrio. Bale and Pits ascribe several other works to this author. See Bale, Pits, and Biog, Brit. Lit. Barthulomfeus Anglicus, or Glanvil, flourished about loiiO. He was of the family of the Earls of Suflolk, and by profession a Franciscan monk. He pursued his studies at Oxford, Paris, and Rome, paying especial atten- tion to the writings of Aristotle, Plato, and Pliny. The result of his learned investigations (besides articles of less note) was his celebrated work in Latin, De Proprietatibus Rerum, which is composed of 19 dissertations, upon the Supreme Being, angels, devils, the soul, the body, animals, ic. In some copies there is an additional book not of his composition. Glanvil was largely indebted to the Specu- lum Naturale of Beauvais. This work was very popular, and translations were made into the English, French, Dutch, and Spanish languages. Fur an account of the various editions and for other works of this author, see Bale, Tanner, Brunet. Watt. Lowndes, &c. John Trevisa's translation into English is the most splendid production of the press of Wynkyn dc Worde, (s/jif an}W.) A copy was sold at the White Knight's sale (1778) for £53 11*.; Al- chorne. (158,) imperfect, £1.3 13«. ; Roxburghe, (1569,) two leaves wanting, £70 78. The next edition was printed in 1535. fob, and the 3d and last cd. in 1582. fol, Bartholomew, Mrs. Anuie E., b. at Sodon, Nor- folk, Eng.. during the early part of the present century. The Sougs of Azrael : a vol. of Poems. The King, or the Farmer's Daughter; a Play, 1829. It's Only My Aunt; a Farce, 1S49. Bartholomew, John. Fall of the French Monarchy, 17 yi. Bartholomew, Wm, Sermon on Proclaiming King Charles II.. Luke xi. 21, 22, 1660, 4to. Bartlet, Richard. Serm., John xii. 13, Lon., 1655. Bartlet, Wm, Congregational Way, Lon., 1647. Bartlet, Wm, Sermons. 1714-18. Bartlet, William S., A.M., b. 1809, at Newburyport, Mass., Rector of St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, Mass. The Frontier Missionary: a Memoir of the Life of the Rev. Jacob Bailey, A.M., forming the 2d vol. of the collections of the Prot. Epis. Hist, St)c., Bost., 1S53, Svo. Highly comnicudt'd in the Chris. Exam., N. Amer. Rev., &c. Bartlctt, Benj,, 1714-1787, a writer on numismatics and topography. The Episcopal Coins of Durham and the Monastic Coins of Reading, minted during the Reigns of Edward I., IL, and III., appropriated to their respec- tive owners; Archaeol., v. 335, 1779. On the Episcopal Coins of Durham, Newcastle, 1S17: 105 copies printed. Episcopal Coins of Durham and Monastic Coins of Read- ing; Darlington. Manduessedum Romanorum, [Manches- ter,] Lon., 1791. This is the first portion of the continua- tion of the Biblioth. Topog. Brit. Mr. Bartlctt formed a valuable collection of coins, &q. Bartlett, David W., b. 1828. What I Saw in Lon- don. Life of Lady Jane Grey. Life of Frank Pierce. Pen-Portraits oi' Modern Agitators, kc. Bartlctt, Elisha, M.D.. 1805-1855, b. Smithfield, R.L; grad. Med. Dept. Brown Univ., 1826; Prof, in Dart- BAU mouth ColL, 1839; Transylvania Univ., Ky., 1841 ; Univ. Md., 1844, and again at Trans. Univ., 1846; Louisville in 1849; in Univ. of New York, 1850; and in 1851 in the N.Y. Coll. of Physicians aud Surgeons, which position he held uutil his death. 1. Imiuiry into the Certainty of Medicines. 2. Philosophy of Medicines, Svo. 3. Fevers of the U.S., 8vo : other medical works. 4. A vol. of Poems entitled Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits aud Pic- tures fn-ni Mr. Dickens's Gallery, 1855. Bartlett, J. Di?eases of Horses, dkc, Lon., 1754, '58. '64. Bartlett, John. A Collection of Familiar Quota- tions, Cambridge, Mass., 1855; 3d ed., with Supp., 1858, 12mo. Bartlett, John Russell, b. Oct. 23, 1805, at Provi- dence, K.L, a merchant ; from 1850-53, Commissioner on the part of the U.S. for running the Mexican boundary- line. Progress of Ethnology: an Account of Recent Archieological, Philological, and Geographical Researches tending to elucidate the Physical History of Man, N.Y., 1847, Svo. Reminiscences of Albert Gallatin, N.Y., 18-19- Dictionary of Americanisms : a Glossary of Words and Phrases usually regarded as peculiar to the United States, N.Y., 1848, Svo, pp. 412; new ed.. 1858, Personal Nar- rative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, connected with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission in the Years 1850, '51, '52, '53, N.Y., 1854, 2 vols. Svo. "This work of Mr. Bartlett is replete with interest from tba manner in which be has jottt-cl down his observations. The style is simple and unpreteudio;;. and all the more graphic and attractive on that account. The incid*-'uts— many exciting, some aniuding, others hnmorous, and all entertaining — evidently were recorded while they were fresh in the mind of the author; and in the same fresh way they will reach the mind of the reader." — A^I' Knicktr- hocker, July, lSo4. Official Despatches and Correspondence connected with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission, — Senate Document No. lUt, 31st Congress, 1st Session. Bartlett, Joseph, 176.3-1827, grad, at Harvard, 1782. In 170U he clelivcred a poem on Physiognomy be- fore tho Phi Beta Kappa Soc. of Harvard. An ed. of his poems Tvas pub. at Boston, 1823. and dedicated to John Quiucy Adams ; appended to which were a number of Aphorisms on Men. Manners. Principles, and Tbini::s. Bartlett, Josiah, M.D., 1759-1820, b. in Charles- town, Mass. Progress of Medical Science in Mass.. 1810. History of Charlestown, 1814. Address to Eree Masons, 1797. Oration on Death of Dr. John Warren, 1815. Bartlett, William Henry, 1809-1854, a native of Kentish Town, the most eminent pupil educated by John Britton, the architectural antiquary, travelled extensively through Europe, Asia. Africa, and America, and gave many graphic illustrations of the results of his investiga- tions. In addition to nearly one thousand miscellaneous plates engraved from his drawings made in Switzerland, Scotland, &c., he pub, the following volumes. 1. American Scenery, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 4to : literary department by N. P. Willis. 2. Beauties of the Bosphorus. 1840. 4to : descriptions by Miss Pardee. 3. Scenery and Antiquities of Ireland, 1842, 2 vols. 4to: the literary portion by N. P. Willis. 4. Walks in and about Jerusalem, 1845, r. Svo; 4th ed., 1852, r. Svo. 5. Topography of Jerusalem, 1845. 6. Forty Days in the Desert : Cairo to Mount Sinai, 1848, r. Svo; 5th ed., 1853. r. Svo. 7. The Nile Boat; or, Glimpses of the Land of Egypt, 1S49, sup. r, Svo; 2d ed., 1852, sup. r. Svo. 8. Pictorial Gleanings on the Overland Route, 1S50, r. Svo; 2d ed., 1851, r. Svo. 9. Scriptural Sites aud Scenes, 1851. p. Svo. 10. Footsteps of our Lord and his Apostles, 1851, r. Svo; 4th ed., 1856, r. Svo. 11. Pictures from Sicily, 1852, r, Svo. 12. The Pilgrim Fathers, 1853, r. Svo. 13. Jerusalem Revisited, 1854, r. Svo, See A Brief Memoir of the late William Henry Bartlett, by William Beattie, M.D., author of Switzerland Illustrated, Ac, [and the friend and fellow-traveller of Mr. Bartlett.] 1855. sni. 4to, jip. 52. See a review of this volume in Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1855, 611. and a bio- graphical notice of Mr. Bartlett in the same periodical, Feb. 1855, 212. See also Beattie, William, M.D. Bartlett, Wm. H. C, b. 1804. Lancaster co., Penna. Elementary Treatise on Optics, 1839, Svo. Treatise on Synthetic Mechanics, in Elements of Nat. Phil.; 2d cd., 1851. Analytical Mechanics: 2d cd., 1854, Treatise on Acoustics and Optics, 1852, Svo. Treatise on Sjibcrical Astronomy, 1855, Svo. Contrib. Silliman's Journal. Phi- losophical Society of Phila., Ac. Bartley, Neh, Conversion of Pasture Lands into Tillage, Ac, Lon., 1802, Svo. Letters on Clothing Wool, 1802, Svo. 135 BAR BAR Hartley, O. W, Vaccination, Bristol, 1810. A Treatise un Fitrensic Medicine, Bristol, 1815. Bartol, Cyrus Augustus, b. 181M. Freeport, Maine; grud. Bowduiu Coll., 18;i2 ; at Harvard Divinity School, 1835. 1. Scrmnns on the Christian Spirit and Life, 12mo. 2. Sermons on the Christian Body and Form, 12mo. 3. Pictures of Europe, 12mo: see Lon. Athenceiim, No. 1478, Jan. 19, 1856. 4. West Church and its Ministers. 5. Church and Congregations: a Plea for their Unity, 185S: see N. A. Rev.. July, 1858. 6. Grains of Gold : a Selection from his writings. Contrib. to Chris. Exam., N. A. Rev., &c. Barton. Italian Gr:immar, Lon.. 1719. Barton, Benjamin Smith, M.D., 1766-1815, an eminent physician, bntanist, and philologist, was the son of the Rev. Thomas Barton, an Episcopal minister, anative of Ireland, who emigrated to America and in 1753 married at Philadelphia a sister of Mr. David Rittcnhouse. The subjectof our memoir was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He pursued his studies for some years in New Yurk and Philadelphia; and in 1786 went to Edinburgh, where for about two years he enjoyed the great advantage of hear- ing the lectures of Professors Walker, Gregory, Black, and Home. He obtained his medical degree at Gottingen. In 1789 he returned to Philadelphia, and in the same year was appointed professor of Natural History and Botany in the College of Pliiladelphia. and continued to occupy the chair, when, in 1791. the college was incorporated with the University of Pennsylvania. He continued his con- nection with this institution until his death in 1815. In 1795 he succeeded Dr. Griffith in the chair of Materia Medica; and upon the death of Dr. Rush in 1813, he was appointed his successor in the chair of the practice of Physic, which he held in conjunction with that of Botany and Natural History, during his life. In 1809 he was elected President of the Pbila. Medical Society. In 1797 he married a daughter of Edwanl Penington, Esq., an eminent citizen of Philadelphia, by whom lie had one son and a daughter. Edward Penington was a descendant of the celebrated Isaac Penington of London, whose father wn? lord mayor in 1642. (See Penington, Isaac, in this volume.) His family at the present day, (1854,) after the lapse of two centuries, is one of the first in America. From John Pen- ington, Esi|,, of Philadelphia, (grandson to the father-in- law of Dr. Barton,) well known for his erudition and lite- rary taste, we learn that the subject of our memoir was taught to draw by Major Amlre, at the time a prisoner of war in Lancaster. See Penington, John. Dr. Barton united untiring industry with great natural talents, a warm zeal in scientific investigation, and un- common attainments in many branches of knowledge. At the age of 16. Barton coni])Osed an Essay on the Vices of the Times. Thus early did he assume the position of a teacher ! Obr^ervations on some parts of Natural History, to which is prefixed an account of several remarkable vestiges of an ancient date, which hare been discovered in different parts of North America. Part I., Lon., 1787, 8vo, Dilly. This was pub., it will be noticed, whilst the author was resident in London. It was not continued. It relates to an- tiquities, giving an account of the Indian ruins in the Mus- kingum, with some remarks on the first peopling of America. " A prefixed advertisement to this work informs us that it is the production of a very youn.s man. written chiefly as a recreation from the laborious studies of medicine. It is. however, a curious tract; we have here only the first part: the other three, which will complete the work, are to be published in a few months." — Lon. Miinthly Rn^iew. Papers relative to certain American Antiquities, Phil., 1796, 4to. Collections for an Essay towards a Materia Medica of the United States, Phila., 1708, 8vo. Frag- ments of the Natural History of Pennsylvania, Part I, Phila., 1800, fol. Memoir concerning the Fascinating Faculty ascribed to the Rattle Snake, Pliila., 1796, 8vo. Printed only for private distribution. Sujiplement to ditto. Some account of the Siren Lacertina. and other species of the same genus of Amphibious Animals : in a letter to Mr. J. G. Schneider of Saxony. 50 copies printed in 1808. Keprintcd 1821. Elements of Botany. Phila., ISm ; Lon., 1804, R. Svo. Contributions to Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 1793-99; to Nic. Jour., 1805-12. In 1805 he commenced the Med. and Physical Journal, to which he contributed many articles of value. For further information respect- ing Dr. B.'irton and his works, see Bing. Sketch by his nephew, W. P. C. Barton. M.D., etc.; Rose's Biog. Diet., and Thitcher's Med. Biog. Barton, Bernard, 1784-1849, often called The QuAKKii Poet, was born in the vicinitv of London, In 136 1810" he obtained a clerkship in the Messrs. Alexander's bajik at Woodbridge, which situation he held for the rest of his life. At one time he thought of resigning his post and devoting himself entirely to literature j but his friend Charles Lamb interposed a timely remonstrance. Mr. Barton's first volume of poems was pub. in 1811. He wrote much, — his poems filling eight or nine volumes. His Household Verses, a collection of his fugitive pieces, pub. in 1845, "contain more of his personal feelings than perhaps any previous work of his pen." Mr. Barton was remarkable for great amiability of manners, extensive in- formation, and a refined taste in the arts. Of tho English drama his knowledge, as may be supposed, was limited: '■ I am amu?ed with your knowledfre of our drama being con- fined to ShakspH-are and Miss Baillie. What a world of fine terri- tory Ijftween Land's End and Johnny Groat's have you missed traversinfr ! I could almost envy you to have so much to read. . . Oh, to forget Fieldinpr. Steele, ic, and read 'em new J" — Charks Lamb to B. B., Dec. 1822. Lord Byron thought highly of Barton's poetical talents, but did not hesitate to proffer the same advice which Lamb had given : " I think more hitihly of your poetical talents than it would perhaps gratify you to have expressed: for I believe, from what I obst-rve of your mind, that you are above flattery. To come to the point, you deserve success; but we knew before Addison wrote his Cato, that desert does not always command it. But sup- pose it attained. * You know what ills the author's life assail. Toil. envy, want, tht patron, and the jail.' Do not renounce writing, h^d never (rusi entirely to authorship" — Byron tr> Barton. June. 1S12. "I have read your poems with much pleasure, those with most which speak most of your own feelings." — It. Southey to Barton, Dec. 1S14. In 1820 Mr. Barton requested Southey's opinion whether the Society of Friends were likely to be offended at his publishing a vi.dume of poems. AVe give a short extract from Southey's reply : *• I know one. a man deservedly respected by all who know him, (Charles Lloyd the elder, of Hirmingham.) who has amused his old age by translating Horace and Homer. He is looked up to in the society, and would not have printed these translations if he had thought it likely to give ofi'ence. Judging, however, from the spirit of the age. as affecting your society, like every thing else, I should think they would be gratified by the appearance of a poet among them who confines himself within the limits of their gene- ral principles. . . . They will not like vh-tuous feeling and reli- gious principle the worse for being conveyed in good verse. If poetry in itself were unlawful, the Bible must be a prohibited book." (See an amusing letter of Barton's to Southey, respect- ing the fitness of the latter to be the biographer of George Fox.) The volume appeared, and was highly commended : '■The staple of the whole poem is description and meditation, — description of quiet home scener_v, sweetly and feelingly wrought out; and meditation, overshadowed with tenderness, and exalted by devotion, — but all terminating in soothing, and even cheerful, views of the condition and prospects of mortality." — EdiTu Rev. Wilson reviews Barton in vol. xii. of Blackwood : " He possesses much sensibility, and his mind has a strong tinge of poetry. Everv now and then he surprises us with glimpses of something infinitely better than the general tone of his concep- I tions." "If we cannot compliment Mr. Barton on being naturally a ' great poet, he possesses feeling, has long studied his art. and has I attained to a point of merit which we did not anticipate." — Lon. Mfmthhj iefri>ic.lS20. " There is in Barton's pooms a higher beauty than the beauty of ingenuity, and something of more worth than the exquisiteness of workmanship. His works are full of passages of natural ten- derness, and his religious poems, though animated with a warmth of devotion, are still expressed with that subdued propriety of language, which evinces at once a correctness of taste and feeling."' — L(m. Gent. Afof/. " A man of a fine and cultivated, rather than of a bold and ori- ginal, mind." — Lord ,1effhev. The Widow's Tale, and other Poems. ''We should always rejoice to see this volume on any table." — Lou. Literary G'tzrfte. March. 1S27. "This interesting little volume contains some of the sweetest poetry ^Jr. Barton hasever written." — Lon. Lit. Maffnet, .-Vpril, 1827 Devotional Verses. " Mr. Barton's style is well suited to devotional poetry. It has great sweetness and pathos, accompanied with no small degree of power, which well qualify it for the expression of the higher and purer feelings of the heart."— Z«7j. iVew M>mVily Mug.. March, 1826. Mr. Barton was a brother to Maria Hack, the authoress of a number of juvenile works of great merit, and his daughter, Miss Lucy Barton, has devoted her talents to the composition of scriptural works, principally intended for the young. Barton, Charles, of the Middle Temple. Profess, works, 1704-1811. Mr. Barton has been highly commended as a legal writer. Modern Precedents in Conveyancing, 7 vols., Lon., 1S21, Svo. "Mr. B.arton. in various parts of these Precedents, has intro- diircd dissertations on the nature and use of the different specb-s of assurances contained in the collection. These essays are ably BAR ■written. and contain very full referenfes to authorities on the sub- jects of which they treat." — Man-in's I^ijal BibL Historical Treatise of a suit iu Equity. " I feel it my duty to advise the student to use considerable cau- tion in perusilif: this essay, as it may (and probably does) contaiu many more inaccuracies than the author is at all aware of" — Author's Preface. '■ A useful historical treatise, admirable for its clear and judicious ftrrangement." — Blake. Barton, Charles, Sermons, 1800-03. liartoii, Cutts. Sermons, 1754-58. Barton, l>avid. Sermon, 1670. Barton, Edward. Description of the Antiquities ami other Curinsitics of Rome, Lnn,, 1822. Barton, Henry. Sermon, 1702. Barton, James. Honorina, a Novel, 1804, 2 vols. Barton, John. Agricultural Labour, Lon., 1820. Barton, John, supposed to have been Chancellor of j the University uf Oxford in the 15th century, wrote a treatise against Wicliffe; Symbolum Fidei CatUolica;. — Tanxkr. Barton, Lncv. See Barton, Bernaud. Barton, Philip, of Christ Ch., Oxf. Sermons, 1735, '40. '50. Barton, Philip, of Portsea, Sermons, 1754-55. Barton, Philip, of Buriton, Hants. Consecration of Bp. Lowth, a. scrin>in, 1 Tim. iii. 7, 1706. Barton, Richard. Divine Analogy, Lon., 1737-38. Dialogue respecting Ireland, Dubl., 1751, 4to. Lectures on Natural Philosophy, Dubl., 1751, 4to. " In the second, which be calls the popuLir Klementary Lecture. he enumerates and proves the projieitiv-s of the four elements, principally from the most obvious api>earanoes ; treating the i>ul> ject in a p-'pular manner, and using t-Uort and easy demonstra- tion.*' — L-.}i. M"7}thl'/ iiVriCH', 1751. Remarks respecting Lough Lene, Dubl., 1751, 4to. Barton, Sam!. Sermons, 1689, '90, '92, 'aC, '97, '98, 1701-05. Barton, Thomas. A Counter-Scarfe against those thatCniidemn all External Bowing at the Name of Jesus; with a Defence of it against Masive Giles. Lon.. 1643, 4to. Barton, Thomas, 1730-1780. an Episcopal minister, a native of Ireland, received bis education at the University of Dublin. In 1753 he married at Phihidelphia the sister of Dr. David Rittenhouse. To this eminent philosopher, his talents and extensive acquirements enabled him to render invaluable assistance. He officiated in Reading Township, York County, Pennsylvnnin, as a missionary of a society in England from 1755 to 1759. He was a chap- lain in the expedition against Fort Du Quesne in 1758. His acquaintance with Washington, Mercer, and other dis- tinguished officers of the Revolution, jiro^ed no bar to his continued adherence to the royal government. Refusing to take an oath required of him, he removed in 1778 to New York, where he died, May 25, 1780. His eldest son, Wm. Barton of Lancaster, wrote the memoirs of Ritten- house; ProfcFPor Benj. Smith Barton. M.D., was another of his eight children. His widow continued to reside with her nephew, the excellent Samuel Bard, M.D., (see ante,) until her death in 1821. Dr. Barton published a Sermon on Braddock's Defeat, 1755. — Mfmoir of liittenhouse / Thachei-'fi Medical Biog. ; AUenn Aincr. Ifict. Barton, William. Decimal Arithmetic, Lon., 1634. Barton, William. View of many Errors and some gross Absurdities in the old translation of the Psalms in English Metre, as also in some other Translations lately published, Lon., 1655, 4to. A Century of Select Hymns, Lon., 1659, 12mo. Two Centuries of Hymns and Spiritual Songs. Lon., 1070, 8vo. A Catalogue of Virtuous Women recorded in tiie Old and New Test., in verse, Lon., 1671. Svo. Barton, William. Observations on the Probabilities of the Duration of Hum.an Life, and the Progress of Popu- lation in the United States of America. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. iii. 25. 1793. Barton, William P. C.,M.D.. nephew to Benj. Smith Barton, M.D., and his successor as Professor of Botany in the University of Pennsylvania. Florte Philadelphicoe Prodromus.Phila., 1815, 4to, pp. 96. Vegetable Materia Mediea of the United States, or Medical Botany, containing a botanical, general, and medical his- tory of the medicinal plants indigenous to the United States. Illustrated by coloured engravings, Phil.a., 2 vols., 50 plates. The early portions of this work were pub. in 1817, but it was not completed until 1825; London, 1821, 4to, 2 vols., £6 6^*. pub. by Hirst. "The di-awings and colouriuK of the plates have been made by the author's own hand; hehasbeen three years collectinfr materials for this work ; ha.*; delivered three courses of lectures to students concernin'c the plants to be described : and he announced to his class his intention to publish this work in May, 1816." — N. Amtir. Jieview, vol. vi. 351; Author's Prefitce. BAR " From a close attention t« onr Materia Mediea. and from son>e experiments he lias recently made, he is convinced that not a few of om- indi'^renons plants are sufficiently important to he introduced into the daily practice of the physician." — Author's Preface, p. 13. Compendium Florte PhilaJelphicsc. Containing a de- scription of the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants found ivithin a circuit of ten miles around Philadelphia, 12rao, 2 vols., Phila., 181S. '' The Comp^-ndium. containing only hrief descriptions of plants, with occasional popular observations, as it is the most unassuming, so we think it the most meritorious, among the botanical works of Dr. Barton. ... Dr. Barton has pulilished books on the subject of our botany of greater pretension than almost any other living au- thor."— A*. Amcr. Bcrmc, vol. xiii. 119-iO. Flora of North America, illustrated by coloured Figures, drawn from Nature, 3 vols. 4to, Phila., 1821-23, pub. in numbers. Compendium Florw Philadelphicse, 181S, 2 vols. 12mo, Phil.a. Materia Mediea and Botany, 2 vols. 12mo, Phila. Medi- cal Botany, 2 vols. Svo. Hints to Naval Officers cruising in the West Indies, 1830, ISmo. Phila. Plan for Marine Hospitals in the United States, 1817, Svo. IJartram. Trial of Nightingale, 1809; of Lt. Col. Joiiiiston. isn. ISai'tram, Isaac. Distillation of Persimmons. Bartram, John, 1701-1777, an eminent botanist, was born at Marple, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania. He took great pleasure in the care i>f a botanical garden, laid out and planted by himself, on the west bank of the .Schuyl- kill, four miles below Philadelphia. He became so famous for his proficiency in his favourite pursuit, that Linnseus pronounced him " the greatest natural botanist in the world." Sir Hans Sloane, Mr. Catcsby, Dr. Hill, Peter CoUinson, and other friends of *ience, furnished Bartram with books and apparatus, stimulated his zeal by their sympathy, and aided his labours by active co-operation. * " Be so kind as to give him [Bartram] a little entertainment and recommendation to a friend or two of yours in the country, for he does not value riding 50 or 100 miles to see a new plant." — r<-t^r Chllinson to Col. CustiSj of Virginia^ 1737. He received the appointment of American Botanist to George III., which office he held until his death in Scp- temVter, 1777. Observations on tlie Inhabitants, Climate, Soil. Divers Productions, Animals, Ac, made in his tra- vels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, Oswego, and the Lake Ontario, Ac, Svo, p. 04, and plan. Lon., 1751. An Account of East Florida, [by William Stork,] with a jour- nal kept by John Bartram of Philadelphia, upon a journey from St. Augustine's up the river St. John's, Svo, pp. 90 and 70, Lon., 1766 ; 3d ed. much enlarged, 4to, Lon., 1769. Mr. Bartram also contributed several papers to the Phil. Trans., 1740, '44, '50, '62. '63. See an interesting volume entitled Jlemorials of ,lohn Bartram and Humphrey Mar- shall, Phila., 1849, by William Darlington, M.D., of West Chester, Pennsylvania; also a sketch of the life of Peter Collinson, by Wm. H. Dillingham of Phila., Phila., 1851. Bartram, Moses. Observations on the Native Silk Worms of North America, Amer. Trans. 17S9. Bartram, William, 1739-1823, son of John Bar- tram. [iiiil'\) inherited the botanical zeal of his father. In 1773, at the request of Dr. Fothergill, he travelled through several of the Southern States, &c. in order to ex- amine the natural productions of the country. These in- I vestigations occupied him for five years. His c4, folio. Bariih, Raphael. Critica Sacra Examined, 1775, Svo. Barville, John. Account of his Conversion from Popery to the Church of England, Lon., 1710, Svo. BAR BAS Barwcll, Mrs. Juvenile and other works. Barwell, Richard, Demonstrator of Anatomy at St. Thomas's Hospital. Asiatic Cholera; its Sj'mptoms, Pathology, and Treatment, Lou., post 8vo. " The chapter on the Morbid Anatomy is very interesting. The book exhibits considerable ability." — Lou. M'xlicnl Times. " Here is a book well worthy of attention, fur Mr. Harwell writes from the bedside of the numerous cholera patients placed under his care at St. Thomas's Hospital." — Lnn. Lancet. Barwick, Edward. A Treatise on the Church, chiefly in relation to its Government, in which the divine right of Episcopacy is maintained, the supremacy of the Bishop of Rome proved to be contrary to the Scriptures and primitive Fathers, and the Reformed Episcopal Church in England, Ireland, and Scotland, proved to be a sound and orthodox part of the Catholic Church. Compiled from the most eminent divines, Belfast, 1S13, 8vo; 2d ed., en- larged and improved, Lon., 1815, 8vo. "Contaiuinc much matter in a short compass." — Bickersteth. Barwick, Henry. An Essay on Nature ,■ a Poem, 1807. Barwick, Humphrey. Manual Weapons of Fire, Ac, Lon.. 1J90, 4to. Barwick, John, 1612-1664, Fellow of St. John's Col- lege, Cambridge, was a zealous adherent to Charles I., and was imprisoned for corresponding with Charles II. in his exile. This monarch at the Restoration offered him the bishopric of Carlisle, hut this he declined, accepting the deanery of Deuham, and subsequently the deanery of St. Paul's. He pub. a Piece against the Covenant, Oxf,, 1644. Life of Thomas Merton, Bp. of Durham, (tc, Lon., 1660, 4to. Deceiver Deceived, 1661, 4to. His brother, Peter Barwick, M.D., pub. an account of his life in Latin, Lou., 1721, 8vo; trans, into English in 1724. Hilkiah Bedford was editor of both. In Thurloe's State Papers will be found many of his letters to Chancellor Hyde. Some of these epistles were intercepted, and although written in cipher, were understood, whereat the Chancel- lor expresses great amazement: " I was confident that the Devil himself cannot decypher a let- ter that is well written, or find that 100 stands for Sir Harry Vane. I have heard of many of the pretenders to that skill, and have spoken with some oi them, but have found them all to be Mounte- banks." — Ht/dtto Btirwick. Barwick, Peter, M.D., 1619-1705? brother to the preceding, and physician in ordinary to King Charles II., composed a life of his brother John (noticed in preceding article) which has been much admired fur the elegance of its Latinity. He wrote a Defence of Harvey's Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood, which was considered one of the best pieces of the controversy. He was also author of a treatise appended to the life of his brother, in favour of the Eikon Basilike, (in opposition to Dr. Walker,) and pub. a medical work under the title of Medicorum Animos exagitant, Londini, 1671, 4to, Barwis, Jackson. Dialogue concerning Liberty, 1793, 4to. Barwis, John. Sermons, 1804-5, 4to. Bascom, Henry Bidleman, b. May 27, 1796, Hancock co., N.Y"., d. Sept. 8, 1S50; entered the itinerant ministry in the Ohio Conference, 1813; was ordained Bishop of the M.E. Church South, at St. Loui^, in May, 1850 ; was distinguished as a pulpit orator. Works, 4 vols. 12mo : vol. i.. Sermons from the Pulpit; vol. ii., Lectures on Infidelity, &c. ; vol. iii.. Lectures aud Essays on Moral and Mental Science, &c. j vol. iv., Sermons and Sketches, Nashville, Teun., 1856. See Life of Bp. Bascom by Rev. M. M. Henkle, D.D., 12mo, Nash., 1857. Bascome, E., Dr. A History of Epidemic Pestilences from the Earliest Ages, Lon., 1S51, Svo. "This book will be found useful as a work of reference, as it contaius a notice of all the most remarkable pestilences that have occurred from 1-495 years before the biith of our Saviour to 1S48." —Lon. A then. Baseley, J. Sermons, Lon., 1801, Svo. Baseley, Thomas. Scrms., Lon., 1801.*05, '06, *0S. Basier, Basiere, or Basire, Isaac, 1607-1676, was b. in the island of Jersey, according to Wood; but this is contradicted by a writer in the Biog. Brit. About 1640 he was made chaplaiu-in-ordiuary to King Charles I., and three years afterwards was installed into the seventh prebend of Durham. In 1646 he left England for a mis- sionary tour among the Greeks, Arabians, &c. Deo et Ecclesia Sacrum, Ac, Oxf., 1046, 4to ; Diatriba de Antiqua EcelesiiB Britannicte Libertate. Richard Watson fuund this work in Lord Hopton's closet after his decease. He printed it at Bruges in 1658, Svo, and translated it into English, and pub, it under the title of The Ancient Liberty of the Britannic Church and the Legitimate Exemption thereof from the Roman Patriarchate, discoursed in four 138 positiuiiS, Lon., 1661, Svo. Basire was the author of several other works. See Biog. Brit, j Wood's Fasti; Hutchinson's Durham. Basing, Basinge, Basingtochius, or Basing- stoke de, John, d. 1252, studied first at Oxford, then at Paris, aud visited Atliens for the purpose of perfecting himself in the Greek language. He brought with him to England many curious Greek MSS., and Matthew Paris gives him credit for introducing the Greek numerals into England. Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln, with whom he was a great favourite, preferred him to the arch- deaconry of Lincoln, as he had been before to that of London. He translated from Greek into Latin a grammar which he styled The Donatus of the Greeks. He also gave to the world A Latin Translation of a Harmony of the Gospels. A Volume of Sermons. Particulte Senten- tiarum per distinetione, or a commentary upon part of Lombard's Sentences. Basire, John. Letter to his Son, Lon., 1670, 12mo. Basnett, Mills. Lay and Private Patronage. Bass, J. H. A Greek and English Manual Lexicon to the New Testament, 1829, 12mo. " A useful miinual for youtli." — Bickerstetk. Bass, William. Sword and Buckler; or, Serving Man's Defence, Lon., 1602, 4to. In six-lines stanzas. Steovens's, 1767, £1 19s. Bassantin, James, d. 1568, an eminent Scotch astronomer. 1. Astronomia, &c., Latin and French, Ge- neva, 1599, fol. 2. Paraphrase de I'Astrolabe, Ac, Lyons, 1555 J Paris, 1617, Svo. 3. Super Mathematica Geneth- liaca ; i. e., of the Calculation of Nativities. 4. Arith- metica. 5. Musica secundum Platonem. 6. De Jlathesi in genere. We see that judicial astrology was not de- spised by our philosopher; to this branch of his studies Sir James Melvil refers, when he states that his brother, Sir Robert, while he was using his endeavours to reconcile the two Queens, Elizabeth aud Mary, met with one Bas- santin, a man learned in the high sciences, who told him that all his labour would be in vain. '• For they will never meet together; and next, there -wiU never be any thing but dissembling and secret hatred, for a while; and at length, captivity and utter wreck to our Queen from England. . . . The kingdom of England at length shall fall, of right, to the crown of Scotland; but it shall cost many bloody battles: and the Spaniards shall be helpers, aud take a part to themselves for their labour."^JI/cv/(Oirs. Basse, J. H. Catechism of Health, Lon., 1794, 12mo, Basse, William, a minor poet, temp. James I., wrote an epitaph (probably the first) upon the Puette Shakspeare; printed in 1633 in the 1st edit, of Dr. Donne's poems. That AVhich Seems Best is Worst, has been ascribed to him, (Restituta, vol. i. 41.) and in 1651 he contemplated pub. a volume of his poems. "To Mr. \Vm. Basse, upon the intended publication of his poems, Jan. 13, 1651." A Poem by Dean Bathurst. — Warton'e Life and Remains of Bathurst, 1761, Svo. Basset, J. Sermon, 1734, Bvo. Basset, John. Hermaeologium, Lon., 1695, Svo. Basset, John. A Pathway to Perfect Sailing, Lon., 1664, 4to. A Nautical Discourse to prove the Way of a Ship, Lon., 1644, 4to, (an appendix to Potter's work.) He was one of the disputants in Bond's controversy on the longitude. Basset, Joseph D. Letter to J. B. Chadwick, 1S13, Svo. Basset, Joshua. Ecclesii^ Theoria Nova Dodwel- liana Exposita, Lon., 1713, Svo. Basset, Peter. Acta Regis Henrici V, In MS. in the College of Arms. The author was chamberlain to Henry V. Basset, Thomas. Catalogue of Common aud Sta- tute Law Books of this Realm, Lon., 1671, Svo; 1694, 12nio. Enlarged, 1720. Svo. Basset, William. Sermons, 1670, '79, '83, '84, 4to. An Answer to The Brief History of the Unitarians, called also Sociuians, Lon., 1693, Svo. Bassnett, Thos., b. ISOS, in Eng. Mechanical Theory of Storms, 1S53. Bassol, John, d. 1347, a Scotch philosopher, studied divinity under Duns Scotus at Oxford. His preceptor had so high an opinion of his jiupil that he used to say, " If John Bassol be present, I have a sufficient auditory." In 1304 he accompanied his master to Paris. Commentaria seu Lecturae in quatuor Libros Scntentiarum, Paris, 1517, fol. ; a work in such high reputation as to procure him from his brethren, the schoolmen, the title of •' Doctor Ordinatissimus," in allusion to his method and pcrspi- BAS BAT cuity. Miiccllauca Philosophiea et Mcdica. in the same vulume. Bastard, Thomas, d. 1618, a clergyman, and an epigrammatist of considerable note in his day, was made perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1588, " But bfiufi much guilt)- of the vi^es biluii;:inj^ to poets, and given to llbfllin;;, he was in a mannt-r forrud to leavo his fellow- ship iu 1591."' — Wood. The "libel" which gave so much offence was "upon all persons of note in Oxford who were guilty of amorous ex- ploits." It was entitled An Adinunition to the city of Oxford, &c. Bastard disclaimed the authorship. After his expulsion he wrote, Jenkiu, why man ? why Jenkin ? fie, for shamo! Neither of these were printed. He pub. Chrestoleros ; seven bookes of Epigramcs, Lim., 1598, 12mo. — See Censura Literaria, vol. iv. Magna Britannia, a Latin Poem, in three books, Lon., 1605, Jrto. Five Ser- mons, Lon., 1015, 4to. Twelve Sermons, Lon., 1615, 4to. Bastard was thrice married. " He was a piTSou endowed with many rare gifts, was an excel- lent Grecian, Latinist, and poet, and, in his elder years, a quaint preacher. His discourses were always pleasant and facete. whii'li made his i-u[ii]i;tiiy d<-siri-d liy ;i]I inji nixi'- uini. He was a most escelleiil >ei>h. I^Ietmpolitan Turnpike Act, ' 12mo, Lon., 1S26. The Laws of Excise, Svo, Lun., 1843. I *-iMr Bateman has collected more than IMO different statutes, and added noti^s of decisions illustrative of them. Those most I competent to judge of its value, pronounce it a convenient and I able compilation, in which the writer's aptitude for his undertak- ing is apparent, and one that is worthy of his former reputation." The General Turnpike Road Act, 3 Geo. IV., c. 126, 3d ed. 120, Lon., 1S36. *■ This is a convenient manual of the Statutes relatin;]: to Turn- pike Roads in Groat Britain. It is furnished with suitable forms and an appendix of decisions uprm the ^-tatutes. and contains other useful information relative to the construction and manage- ment of roads." — Murvin's Legal Bibl. Mr. Bateman is the author of several other valuable legal treatises. Bateman, James. OrchidacejE of Mexico and Guatemala, S parts, elephant folio, 40 splendid plates, Lon., 1837-43; pub. nt £16 16*. '■This is without nuestion the greatest botanical work of the present age. Mr. Bateman has got it up perfectly regardless of expense, and would be a considerable loser even had the edition j been published at douMe the price. Only one hundred copies Were printed, which were all sulscribed for." I Bateman, Josiah. Sermons preached in India, Lon., 1S39, 12mn. La ^Martiuierc. Ac, Lon., 1S39, Svo. Bateman, R. T. Serm. on Regeneration, 1747, Svo. Bateman, Stephen. See Batman. Bateman, Thomas, Chaplain to the Duke of Gor- don, and Vicnr of Walpole. Lincoln. A Treatise on Tithe, Ac, Lon., 1778, Svo. Appendix. 1779. New ed., 1 SOS, Svo. Ecclesiastical patronage of the Church of England, Lon., 17S2, Svo. The Royal Ecele. Gazetteer, Lon., 1781, 12mo. Sermons, 1778, '80. Bateman, Thomas, I\LD., 177S-1821, was born at Whitby in Yorkshire. He enjoyed the great advantage of pursuing his medical studios under the eminent Dr. Willan, physician to the public dispensary in Carey street. AVhen Dr. Willan 's health obliged him, in 1811, todep.art for Ma- deira, Dr. Bateman succeeded to his extensive practice in diseases of the skin. In 1813 he pub. A Practical Synopsis of Cutanetms Diseases, according to the arrangement of Dr. Willan, exhibiting a Concise View of the Diagnostic Symptoms, and the Method of Treatment, Lon., Svo, 3d ed., 1814 ; 8th ed., 1836. Tiiis work was trans, into French, German, and Italian. The Emperor of Russia was so much pleased with this work that ho sent the author a ring of 100 guineas value. In 1815 the doctor pub. Delineations of Cutaneous Diseases, comprised in the classification of the late Dr. AVillan. including the grentcr part of the En- gravings of that Author, in an improved state, and com- pleting the Series, as intended to have been tinished by him, Lon., 4to. 1815-17; 12 fasciculi pub. at £1 le. each ; again Lon., 1840. "Dr. B.ateman's valuable work has done more to extend the knowledge of cutaneous diseases than any other tliat has ever ap- peared.'* — Dr. .\. T. Thomson. •• We consider it the only book extant that contains a compre- hensive yet explicit account and scientific arranjrenient of the dis- eases of the skin.'' — Me/l. and Physicnl Journal, Nov.. 1813. A Succinct Account of the Contagions Ft;ver of this Country, &c., Lon., 1818. Con. to Mod. Chir. Trans., ISIO- 14. See Some Account of the Life and Character of Dr. Bateman, Lon.. 182fi, Svo. Bates. Life of Henry of Whitechurch, 1712, Svo. Bates, David, an American poet, resident of Phila- delphia. The ^olian, a collection of Poems, Phila., 1S48, 12mo. Bates, Elisha. The Doctrine of Friends, or Quakers, Providence. 1843, 12mo. Bates, Ely, Observations on some important points in Divinity, extracted from an Author, [Baxter.] of the last century, Lon.. 1793,- 2d ed., with addit.. ISll, Svo. Bickersteth considers this as a "middle course'* between the Armenians and the Calvinista. Christian Politics, 1802-06. Svo. " Useful. lie adopts Baxter's sentiments." — Bickersteth. BAT BAT Rural Philosophy, 180.?, 8vo,: 2(1 e.l., ISO-i. Bates, Geo. J''erue. Sermon, 181-4. Bates, J. Sermon. 1707, 8vo. Bates, Joah, 1710-1799, an eminent musical corapo- POT. a FeUow and tutor of King's College, Cambridge. lie was the author of the celebrated ode, Llere shall sof'tcharity rej)!iir. Bates, John* Sermons, 1714. Bates, ThoinaSc Enchiridions of Fevers incident to Seaman. Lun., 1709, Svo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 17 IS. Bates, Thomas. Address to the Bd. of AgricuUure, A.r. J. I'ye Smith, in his introductory essay to an edition of this work, pub. in 1834. " does ample justice both to the history and character of tbe author. . . . This non-conformist divine isoharmingandelegantasawriter."' Bates was sometimes called the "silver-tongued," and was reckoned the politest writer, if not the best scholar, of the wh(de body of ministers who retired from the church in 16t>2, on the passage of the Act of Uniformity, and formed what is sometimes called the '* Dissenting Interest." Bickcrstcth remarks that he has "many happy similes." Vit£e Selectorum aliquot virorum qui Doctrina, Dignitate, aut Pietate inclaruere, 1681. A valuable collection of Lives : '.i2 in number. Discourse about the Four Last Things, viz. : Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, 1691. "Perhaps the most elegant of Bates's works. . . . The Discourses are admirable specimens of sound and practical theology, conveyed ill an elegant and most attractive style. Any one. however, who reads it carefully, will find, that some of his best passages are just tlie expansion of ideas picked up in the course of an extensive Btudy of the fathers. The same remark, indeed, applies to all his works." Bates, William, Fellow, Lect., and Heb. Lect. of Ch. Coll., Camb. College Lectures on Eccles. History ; with complete sets of Cambridge, Dublin, and Durham University Examination papers, r. 12mo, Lon., 1844. Col- lege Lectures on Christian AntiquitieSj V. N. B., 1807-1852, British journalist, tir^t editor of Illustrated Loudon News. 1. Four Y'eavs" Residence in the West Indies, 1830. 2. New Tale of a Tub, in Verse, 16mo and 4to. 3. Tales of the Late Revolution, 12mo. 4. Wake of Ecstasy; a Poem, 4to. 5. Little Red Riding Hood. 6. Blue Beard, Ac. Bayley, George. Guide to the Tongue, 1804, foL The Young Mathematician's Assistant, 1805, 4to. Bayley, Rev. H. V. Sermon, Manchester, 1S03, Svo. Bayley, Joel. Astronom. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1769. Bayley, Sir John, 1703-1841. A Summary of the Law of Bills of Exchange, Cash Bills, and Promissory 144 Nott'Si 1st ed.. 1789; 5th ed., edited by Francis Bayley, Svo, Lon., 1830: 2d American ed., Boston, 1836. *' Bayley on Bills is, no lioubt, an admirable specimen of acco- rate deduction of the principles to be extracted from reported deci- sions, and of concise and lucid statements of those priuciples." Raymond's Reports, Jtc. ; 4th ed., Lon., 1700. 3 vols. i. Svo. Book of Ct)mmon Prayer, with Notes, 1S16. Bayley, John. The Forester; a Drama, 1798. Svo. Bayley, John. History and Antiquities of the Tower of London, Lon., 1S21-25, 4to ; 2 vols, with plates. Pub. at £f. Ids. 6d.; large paper, £12 12*. "This e-Kceedingly beautiful and esteemed work is very scarce on larffe paper, and sometimes valued at more than its published price." " That the history of the venerable fortress could have fallen into superior hanusis impossible: for there is a caution, an acute- ness, and a judgment visible in the writing:s of Mr. Bayley, which are demonstrative evidence of his accuracy and scrupulous fidelity." — Gfiitkman's Maqazine. Bayley, John, b. 1814, in Eng. Settled in V. S., 1836. Confessions of a converted Infidel, &c. Contrib. to various journals. Bayley, John B. Commentaries on the Laws of England, in the order, and compiled from the text, of Blackstone ; and embracing the new statutes and altera- tions to the present time. 8vo, Lon., 1840. '* lie has applied the pruning knife so assiduously, that scarcely a leaf or branch remains of The Commentaries. J-'our volumes are packed into one, and his book is a bold abridgement of a work that, as it is, the most enlightened jurists have pronounced a model of excellence of legal composition, and wonderful accuracy in the statement of legal principles." — Marvin's Li'(/al Bibl. Bayley, Peter, Jr. Poems, Lon., 1803, Svo. ''These pwms certainly discover some fire, and some power of expression. If a second edition should be demanded, we earnestly recommend to the author a steady application of the file ; and au endeavour, in all parts of his book, to do better even where he may at present conceive, and most readers will allow, that he has don« well." — Mmithhi Eericw. Bayley, Richard, M.D., 1745-1801, an eminent phy- sician of Kcw York, took great interest in investigations connected with the Yellow Fever. He pub. Cases of the Angina Tracheatis, with the mode of Cure, Kew Y'ork, 1781, Svo. Essay on the Yellow Fever, 1797. Letters on Y^ellow Fever, 171)8. See Thacher's Med. Biography. Bayley, Wm. Employment of the Poor, Ac, Lon., 1757, Svo. Baylie, Richard. An Answer to Mr. Fisher's Re- lation of a Third Conference between Bp. Wm. Laud and himself. Lon.. 1624. fol. Baylie, Robert. Review of BramhaU's Warning, Dclph.. 1649, 4to. Baylie, Thos, De Merito M. Christi, Ir, llaynes Eayly will not be entitled to a hiirh phice in tin.' literiiture of oui- a^:e : a certain air of insub- Btantiality attaches to thpm all; the pathos rarely goes down to the springs of the human feelings, and the humour scarcely ex- ceeds the playfulness which marks elegant society in its dally ap- pearances." " He possessed a playful fancy, a practised ear, a refined taste, and a sentimeut which ranged ple-asantly from the fanciful to the pathetic, without, however, strictly attaining either the highly imaginative, or the deeply passionate."' — Moir. Bayly, William, d. 1810, an eminent astronomer, accompanied Capt. Cook in 1772, and pub. the results of his observations under the title of Astronomical Observa- tions on board the "Resolution" and "Adventure," in a voyage round the world in 1772. Lon., 1774, 4to. Several subscijuent puldicationg appeared upon the same subject. Baylye, Thos. A Glympse of Paradise, 1710, Svo. Bayuam, Wm., 1749-*18i4, of Virginia. Con. to Med. Journals. Baynard, £d\vard, M.D. Profess. Treatises, Lon., 1694-i706. Ba>iic, Alexander, d. 1737, Prof. Law in Edin- burgh Univ. Hope's Minor Practicks from MS., with a Discourse on the Rise and Progress of the Law of Scot- land, and the Method of Studying it, 1726. Other Trea- tises, Edin., 1747, '48, '49. Bayne, D., or K., M.D. Prof, treat., Lon.. 1727-33. Bayne, or Baiiie, James, 1710-1790, minister in Edinlnirgh. He preached a sermon against Foote's "Minor;" Foote rejoined in "An Apology for the Minor, in a Letter to the Rev. Mr. Baine, by Samuel Foote, Esq.," 1771. Discourses on Various Subjects, 1778, 8vo. Bayne, or Baynes, Paul, d. 1617, was a native of 10 London. He was elected a Fellow of Christ Church, Cambridge, and succeeded the celebrated Perkins as lec- turer of St. Andrew's Church. A Commentary on the 1st chap, of the Epistle to the Ephesians, handling the controversy of Predestination, Lon., 1618. "A useful Puritan exposition." — BiCKERSTEtn. "Dr. Sibbs acknowledges himself indebted to Bayne, instru- mentally. for his conversion." — Low.ndes. Devotions unto a Godly Life, Lon., 1618, 8vo. Bayne also wrote a Commentary upon a portion of the Epistle to the Colossians, {1G.'..'».) and other works, pub. 1618-43. Bayne, Rev. Peter, whilst pursuing his theological studies at Edinburgh, contributed to the Edinburgh Maga- zine a number of critical articles on the writings of Sir Archibald Alison, De Quincey, Tennyson, Ruskin, Mrs. Browning, and other authors, which attracted attention and commendation. Some of these papers have been re- printed in Nos. 2 and .3. 1. The Christian Life, Social and Individual, Lon., 1855, p. Svo; Bost., 1857, 12mo. *' The master idea on which it has been formed is, we deem, wholly original ; and we regard the execution of it as not less happy than the conception is good." — Hugh Miller. 2. Essays in Biographical Criticism: 1st Ser., 1857, 12mo; 2d Ser., 1858, 12mo. These two vols, were pub. at the request of the Boston publishers. See N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858. 274. "They indicate the traits of mind and heart which render *Th» Christijin Life' so intensely suggestive and vitalizing, and at the sjime time display a critical power seldom equalled in comprehen- siveness, depth of insight, candid appreciation, and judicial in- tegrity." — iV. Amer. Hcv. Baynes, C. K. Notes and Reflections during a Ram- ble in the East, &c. An Overland Journey to India. &c., p. Svo, Lon., 1843. " So many other travellers and authors have preceded him over every ini-h of his ground, that it was impossible to have original information to communicate." — Literary Gazdte. Baynes, E. D. Ovid's Epistles, 1818, vol. i. Svo. Baynes, H. S, The Church at Philippi, or the Doc- trine and Conduct of the Early Christians illustrated; with arecomm. Tntroduc. by J. P. Smith, D.D., Lon., 1834, 12mo. " Intended to si?iTe as a historical commentary upon St. Paul's Epistle to the Philippians." Baynes, or Baines, Ralph, d. 1559, a native of Yorkshire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. In 1555 he was, by Queen Mary, made Bishop of Coven- try and Lichfield. Previously he had been royal professor of Hebrew at Paris. Prima Rudimenta in Linguam He- braicam, Paris, 1550, 4to. Baynes, Robt. Discourses, Moral and Religious, adapted to a Naval Audience, preached on board his Ma- jesty's ship the "Tremendous," during the years 1802, *03, and''04. Lon., 1807, Svo. A Fast Sermon, 1809. Baynes, Roger. Praise of Solitariness, Lon., 1577, 4to. The Baynes of Agvisgrane, Aug., 1617, 4to. Baynhani, WiUiam. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1791. Baynton, Thomas. Medical Works. 3799-1813. Beach, Abraham, of Connecticut, d. 1828. Hearing the Word. A Serm., American Preacher, iii. A Fune- ral Serm. on Dr. Chandler, 1790. Beach, John, of Connecticut, d. 1782. Theolog. works, pub. 1732-72. Beach, Philip. Letters to T. Burnet, Lon., 1736, Svo. Beach, Thos. Eugenio; a poem, Lon., 1737, 4to. Beach, W. W. Abradates and Panthca, 1765, 4to. Beachcroft, Robt. P. Sermons, 1809-16. Beacher, L. Account of V. Gertru. Lon., 1665, 4to. Beacon, R. Solon his Fullie, or a Politique Discourse, touching the Reformation of Conimon-weales conquered, declined, or corrupted, Oxf., 1594, 4to. Dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. Beacon, Thomas. See BEcoif. Beadle, John* The Diary of a Thankful Christian, Lon., 16.56, Svo. Beadon, Richard, D.D., Bishop of Bath and "Wells. A Fast Day Sermon. 1793. 4to. A Sermon. 4to. Beak,Francis.Letters against Anabaptists, Lon. .1701. Beal, John, 1603-1683, an English divine and philo- sopher, contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., 1666, '67, "69, '70, 75, 76. 77. Beale, Bart. Diseases from Vicious Blood, Lon., 1700. 8vo. Beale, John. Horticult. works, Oxf. & Lon., 1653-77. Beale,John. Workon the German Flute,Lon..l812,fol. Beale, laonel S., M.D., Professor of Physiology and General and Morl>id Anatomy in King's College, London. The Laws of Health in their Relations to Mimi and Body: A Series of Letters from an Old Practitioner to a Patient, p. Svo. 145 BEA BEA "We gladly welcome Mr. Beale's work. The observations are those of a most experienced and intelligent practitioner, and do equal credit to his head and heart. It is not to the lay reader only that Mr. lieule's work will be acceptable; and we augur for it an extensive popularity." — Lon. Lancet. Treatise ou Distortions and Deformities. 8vo. The Mi- croscope, and its Application to Clinical Medicine, p. Svo; new ed., 1857. r. Svo. Other works. Beale, Anne. Baronet's Family, Lon.. 3 vols. p. Svo. Poems, 12mo. Vale of the Tuwey ; or, Sketches of South Wales, p. Svo. Simplicity and Fascination, 3 vols, p. Svo, 1865. Beale, Mary, 1632-1697, a painter and poetess, con- tributed to Dr. Woodford's trans, of the Psalms. '• An absolutely complete gentlewoman."- — Woodforb. " That masculine poet, as well as painter, the incomparable Mrs. Beale."— OW.vs's MSS. Beale, Robert, d. 1601, a civilian and statesman, was a zealous Protestant, and on account of his religious prin- ciples resided on the Continent during the reigu of Queen Mary. He embraced the occasion to form a valuable his- torical library. He wrote a treatise on the marriage of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suflfolk, with Mary, the French queen ; another on the marriage of the Earl of Hertford with Lady Catherine Grey; and his discourse on the Pari- sian massacre, in the form of a letter to Lord Burghley, is in the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum. His prin- cipal work is a collection of some of the Spanish historians, entitled Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores, France, 1579, 2 vols. fol. Some letters of his will be found in Lodge's Hlustratious of British History, and in Wright's Queen Elizabeth and her Times. Bealey, Joseph. Observations, 1790. Sermons. 1810. Beames, John. Legal treatises. Lon.. 1S12-27. Beames, Thomas, Sermons, Lon., 1850, &c. Beamish, N, Ij. Hist, of the King's German Legion, lS03-Hi, Lon.. 2 vols. Svo. Discovery of America by the Northmen in the Tenth Century, LK41, Svo. Bean, Charles. Sermons, 1707-16. Bean, James. Theological works. 1789-1817. Pa- rochial Serms., Lon., Svo. Family Worship: Morning and Evening Prayers for every day in the month ; 20th ed., 1846. Bean, Joseph, Massachusetts. Serm,, 1773. Beanus, or Beyn, lirst Bishop of Aberdeen, d. 1047. Dempster gives a list of his writings. Bear, John. Sermon, 1748, Svo. Bearblock, James. On Tithes, Lon., 1S05-09. Bearcroft, Philip, D.D.. 169:r-l761. master of the Charter-lLmse, and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, pub. An Historical Account of Thomas Sutton, Esq., and of his foundation in the Charter-House, Lon., 1737, Svo. Ser- mons, &c.. 1726-48. Bearcroft, William. Fast Sermon, 1756, Svo. Bean!, Henry, Imjjris. of Debtors, Lon., 1801, Svo. Beard, J, R., D.D. 1. Voices of the Church, Lon., 1845, Svo. 2. Historical and Artistic Illustrations of the Trinity, Svo, 3. Illustrations of the Divine in Christianity, Svo. 4. People's Diet, of the Bible, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Ser- mons and Prayers for Families, 2 vols. Svo. 6. Unita- rianism Exhibited in its Actual Condition, Svo. 7. Religious Knowledge, 1S56, 2 vols. p. Svo. S. A Revised English Bible the Want of the Church and the Demand of the Age, 1S57. cr. 8vo. Other works. Beard, Richard, M.D. Bled. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1726. Beard, Thomas, D.D., an author of the Elizabethan period, is best known as the compiler of the Theatre of God's Judgments, Lon., 1597, 4to, in which ho is said to have been assisted by Dr. Thos. Taylor. " In the third edit., 1631, 4to, from pajre 542 to the end ia for the first tune, added. The 4tb, and generally esteemed best, edit, ap- peared in lL>48. small 4to.'* A Retractive from the Romish Religion, Lon., 1616, 4to. Antichrist the Pope of Rome, Lon., 1625, 4to. Pcdantius, 1631. 12mo. Dr. Beard was Oliver Cromwell's schot.lmaster. Beare, Matt, Discourse of the Senses, Exon.,1710,4to. Beare, Nicholas. Sermons, 1679-1707. Bearne, Edward. Two Sermons, 1726. 4to. Beart, John A, Vindication of the Eternal Law and Everlasting Gospel, 1707, 12mo. Elicited by Crisp's Ser- mons, pub. in 1691. Beasley, Rev. Frederick, 1777-1845. Prof. Moral Philos. Univ. Penna., 1813-28. 1. A Search of Truth in the Science of the Human Mind, 1822, Svo. 2. Examina- tion of the Oxford Divinity. Beasley, Henry, 1. The Book of Prescriptions, 2900, English and Foreign. Lon.. 24rao. 2. The Pi.cket Formulary and Synopsis of the British and Foreign Phar- macopeias J 5th ed., enlarged, 24mo. 1« ■■• Extremely useful as an adj uuct to the shop library ; a pocket PharmacopuL'ia Vniversalis. containing!;, in addition to the officinal forniuIiP, those magistral preparatiuus which are so continually required at the hands of the dispenser." — Lon. Annals of C'liemistry and IViaiinncy. 3. The Druggists' General Receipt-Book, 3d ed. 24mo. "The General Kecc-ipt-Book is an extensive appendix to the Pocket Formulary. No Pharmaceutist who possesses the latter, ought to be without the former, for the two form a complete Counter Companion." — I^nn. Annals of Pharnuicy. Beasly, Thos, J. "Legal treatises. Dubl., 1837-44. Lectures relative to the profession of Attorney and Soli- citor, Svo, Dubl., 1S42. "These Lectures are fraught with valuable historical informiv- tion upon the origin of Attorneys in ancient and modern times, and cout.iin many valuable suggfstions relative to their duties and responsibilities." Beasly, W. Inclosing Waste Lands. 1812. Bcatniffe, John, Sernmn, 159U, 16mo. Beaton, Beton, or Bethnue, David, 1494-1546, Archbishop of St. Andrew's in Scotland, and Cardinal of the Roman Church, was educated in the University of St. Andrews, and studied divinity at the University of Paris, where he took orders. According to Dempster, he wrote, 1. Memoirs of his own Embassies. 2. A Treatise of Peter's Primacy, and 3. Letters to several persons. Of these last there are said to be some copies preserved in the King's Library at Paris. *• Ilis high station in the Church placed him in the way of great employments; his abilities were equal to the greatest of these; nor did he reckon any of them to be above liis merit. . . , Uis early application to public business kept him arqnaiuted with the learning and (.'imtroversies of the age." — 1{obeetson. His persecution of the Protestants, and especially the death of George Wishart, was punished by his assnssina- tion in his castle, in 1546, by John and Norman Lesley, Peter Csirmichael, and James Melvil. See Biog. Brit,, Mackenzie, Hume, Robertson. Beaton, Beton, or Bethune, James, 1517-1603, Archbishop of Glasgow, and nephew to the preceding, waa educated in Paris, under the care of his uncle the cardi- nal. He is said to have written, 1. A Commentary on the Book of Kings. 2. A Lamentation for the kingdom of Scotland. 3. A Book of Controversies against the Secta- ries. 4. Observations upon Gratian's Decretals. 5. A Col- lection of Scotch Proverbs. None of these have been printed. — Dempster: Bto.y. Brit. Beatson, Lt.-Col. Alexander. War with Tippoo Sultaun, Lon., 1800, 4to. A work on St. Helena, Lon., 1816, 4to. *' This work contains little el.se than statistical, meteorological, and agricultural, observations on the Island, and plans for its better administration and cultivation."' Beatsou, John* Theological works, Lon., 1774, '77, '70, '89. Beatson, Robt., 1742-1S18. Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain and Ireland, Edin., 1786. Svo; 3d ed., Lon., 1S06. Svo, 3 vols. This is the best ed. of this useful work, which is a compilation from Dugdale's Sum- mons to Parliament. The Historical Register, and works of like character. Haydy's Book of Dignities is founded upon the Political Index. Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain. 1727-90, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1804, 6 vols. Svo. General View of the Agriculture of the County of Fife, Edin.. 1794, 4to. " Many useful observations on general agriculture; the lease of land is well discussed." — Donaldson's Agricidi. Biog. Mr. B. imb. some other works. Beattie. Aristotelis de Rhetorica, Camb., 1728, Svo. Beattie, James, LL.D.. &c., 1735-1803, was born at Laurencekirk, in Kincardineshire, Scotland, on the 20th of Octol)er. His father was a shopkeeper and farmer, and ia said to have been something of a poet, though never dis- tinguished for his productions. In 1749 .lames was sent to the Marischal College, at Aberdeen, where he remained for four years. He studied clivinity with the intention of taking orders, but relinqul.'^hed this idea. In 1758 he ob- tained the situation of usher in the grammar-school of Alterdcen, and two years later was honoured by the ap- pointment of Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in Marischal College, which post he retained until within a short period of his death. In 1760 ho pub. a volume of poems, the most of which had appeared anonymously in the Scot's Magazine. A portion of these were rej)riuted in 1766, with the addition of a translation of one of Addison's pieces, and some verses on the death of Churchill. These last, and indeed almost all of our author's earlier pieces, were not deemed by him worthy of a place in future edi- tions of his works. In 1765 he pub. a poem entitled The Judgment of Paris. The design was good. Imt the poetry was not considered equal to the moral. In 1767 he was BEA BEA On another occasion, Johnson contrasted Beattie favour- ably with Roheitson : married to Jliss Mary Dun, daughter of the rector of the grammar-school at Aberdeen. Some two years before his marriage he became acquainted with the poet Gray, and a friendship was estalilished which was dissolved only by the death of the Iatt«r in 1771. In 1770 he pub. his Essay on ■ ,, ,. ^ -■ ■."".....^.. . ..uv, Truth, which was intended as an antidote to the skeptical ! bS%hVc^moTwAL^Se7R.T^t1^o'f u'r''""™r? '■!"}'" "'"^^^ Dhilosonhv of Hume ■ he de^irerl out sne cannot write like [Beattie:] neitber can [Robertson.!' . . . piiiiosopuy oi iiume . ne aesireil Such was his sensibility, and so much was he affected bv tiitbeti,^ To overthrow skepticism, and establish conviction in its place; poetry, that when he was reading Dr. Beattie's Hermit m mv nr^ f,L°!^'*!°!l°±il'^.':l';fLfr°"'?'!'''*° ¥??*■■? »>• prejudice, far I sence, it brought tears into his eyes The plrttcuLi" ^" gt '■ ' There is more thought in the novelist than in the historian, ihere is but a shallow stream of thought in history.' Bosweli,: i-"- ■ •ttec'tion?' JoHxsox: 'Whyj ' But surely, sir, an historian has i less to a persevering spirit, but such a conviction as produces firm- ness of mind and stability of principle, in a consistence with mo- deration, candour, and liberal inquiry." ^ The success of this work was worthy of its excellent de- sign. In less than four years it went through five editions, and had been translated into several foreign languai'es. He received encouragement to take orders m the Chu'rch of England, but declined the overture. In 1760, Beattie wrote to Dr. Blackwall that he had commenced " a poem in the style and stanza of Spenser," hut he had "resolved to write no more poetry with a view to publication, till he saw some dawnings of a poetical taste among the gene- rality of readers." The first book of The Minstrel, thus referred to, made its appearance in 1771, and was most favourably received. He was honoured by the intimacy of ^Johnson, Goldsmith, Reynolds, and Garrick ; .and in 1773 received a substantial "token of royal favour in the shape of a pension of £200 per annum. "Dr. Beattie gives a very interesting account of an interview with which he was honoured by George III. and the queen : '• They both complimented me in the highest terms on my Essay, which they said was a book they always kept bv them; and the king said he had one copy of it at Kew, and another in town, and mimediately went and took it down from the shelf. ' I never stole a book but once.' said his majesty, ' and that was yours.' speak- ing to me. 'I stole it from the queen, to give it to Lord Hertford to read. He had heard that the sale of Hume's Essavs had failed since my hook was published; and I told him what Mr. Strahan had told me in regard to that matter." The author intended to add a second part to the Essay on Truth, but it was never completed. The second book of The Minstrel appeared in 1774, and was received with as much favour as the former. Shortly before this, Dr. Beattie had declined the offer of the Pro- fessorship of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edin- burgh. In 1776 he pub. by a subscription of nearly 500 names, a new edition of his Essay on Truth, with some other essays in the same volume : On Poetry and Music, On Laughter and Ludicrous Composition, "and On the Utility of Classical Learning. In 1777 a new edition of The Minstrel was given to the world, : reading Dr. Beattie's Hermit, i'u my pre- ito his eyes. . . . The — *=—' which excited this strong emotion was, as I ha\ ' 'The e :, .,.,., ^.;„'~ ' — - -.ave heard from mv father, the third stanza, "Tis Night,' &c."— J. Boswell, Jr — fourth." — Markland. The Essay on Truth is now but little read. The Edin- burgh Revie'wer of Sir William Forbes's volumes censures the Essay in no measured terms : "Every one has not the capacity of writing philosophicallv ■ but everyone may be at least temperate and candid: and Dr Beat- tie s book is still more remarkable for being abusive and acrimo- nious, than for its defects in argument and originality. There .are no subjects, however, in the wide world of human speciUation upon which such vehemence appears more groundless and unac- countable, than the greater part of those which have .served Dr Beattie for topics of declamation or invective." " Bejittie. themost agreeableand .amiable writer 1 ever met with the only author I have seen whose critical and philosophical rfr searches are diversified and embellished Ijy a poetical imagination that makes even the driest subject and the leanest a feast for an epicure in books. He is so much at his ease, too. that his own character appears in every page. and. which is very rare, we see not only the writer, but the man ; and the man so gentle, so well tem- pered, so happy in his religion, and so humane in his philosophy that it IS necessary to love hun if one h.as any sense of what is lovely.' — CowpER. The Minstrel was designed to " trace the progress of a poetical genius, born in a rude age, from the first°dawnin<' of fancy and reason, till that period at which he may be supposed capable of appearing in the world as a minstrel " '• I find you are willing to suppose, that, in Edwin, I have given only a picture of myself as I was in my younger days. I confess tne supposition is not groundless."— Bcnrtic tu Lady Ibrbes. "The beauty of external nature was never more finely worshin- ped than m the conclusion of the ninth stanza, which Gray truly pronounced to be inspired."— £(ftn. EncijcU^ndia. ^ Bishop W.-irburton pronounced Dr. Beattie to be " supe- rior to the whole crew of Scotch metaphysichans " ^ Beattie, James Hay, 1768-1790, son of the preced- ing, a " most amiable and promising youth." Miscellanies Essays, and Fragments, with an account of his Life and Character, by James Beattie, LL.D., Lon., 1799, 12mo. "The English poems display an energy of expression, a viv.acity or description, and an opposite variety of numbers, far beyond the years of the author." ^ In this edition was comprised a selection of the author's other poetical pieces. Beattie, William, M.D., the friend, fellow-travell AJjetter to Dr. Blair on Ps.almody w.as printed, but not and biographer of the late W. H. Barllett, assisted the published, in 1,78. AListot Scotticisms appeared in 1779, | latter in several of his publications. 1. Residence in Ger- ana tiuring the next year he contributed to the Mirror some j many, Lon., 1822-26, 2 vols. 8yo. 2. The Pilgrim in Italv papers. His Eyklences of the Christian Religion, 2 vols. 12mo. .3. The Castles and Abbeys of England, imp 8vo Svo, was pub. 1786. "Dr. Beattie's Evidences of Christianity is. perhaps, the most popu bar, as it is certainly the most useful, of his prose writings."— Sir ^\ M. Forbes. * In 1790 he gave to the world the first volume of his Ele- ments of Moral Science, edited a new edition of Addison's periodical papers, and contributed a paper to the Royal Society of Edinburgh's publications. Three years later appeared the second volume of the Elements of 'Moral Sci- ence. The death of his two sons in 1790 and 1796, and other domestic afSiction.?, greatly impaired his health, which had been for many years declining, and after much suffering, he died on the ISth of August. 180:1. He pub in 1779 the Miscellanies of his son, James Hay Beattie He was buried beside his two sous in the churchyard of fat. Mcholas, Aberdeen. Of the character of Dr. Beattie, it is only necessary to say that he was a phUanthropist and a Christian of no common order. An Account of his Life and Writings, with many of his etters, was pub. at Edin., 2 vols. 4to, in 1806, by Sir Wil- liam Forbes. We find frequent reference to our author in Boswc s Life of Dr. Johnson. Johnson remarks to Boswell : sho,^d°bfI! tK ^^v! avourite of Dr. Beattie. Of Dr. Beattie I should have thought much, but that his l.ady puts him out of my Thr^l'„=^ "-"f ^"^ '^"1'' """'"' Weall love Beattie. Mrs Thrale says, if ever she has another husband, shell h.ave Beattie. iii,»rt , V" %'"?^t'^."f y °° ■T™"'] i'*. I l»lieve. every day more hked ; at least, I like it more as I look more upon it " With this favourable opinion the author was highly pleased. He writes to Boswell : " You judge very rightly in supposing that Dr. .Tohnson's fi, vourable opinion of my book must give me great delijht Indeed It IS impossible for me to s.ay how much I am gratified bv it ; for tdere IS not a man on earth whose good opinion I would be more ambitious to cultivate." 2 Series; 2d Ser.. 1851. 4. Scotland Illustrated." 1838^ 2 vols. 4to. 5. The Waldenses Hlustrated, 1838, 4to. 6. The Danube: its History, Scenery, &>•.. 1844. 12mo. 7. Life and Letters of Thos. Campbell, 3 vols. p. Svo. See Bart- LETT, William IlEsnr. Beatty, Charles. Journal of a Missionary Tour in Pennsylvania. 1786. 8vo. The Monitor, 1786, Svo. Beatty, Francis. Cases in Chancery, Ireland, Dubl., 1829. 8vo. Beatty, W., M.D., 1770-1843. Narrative of the Death of Nelson. Lon., 1807, Svo. Beaucliamps, Lord. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1741. Beauchesnc, John de, and John Balclon. Booko containing divers sortes of Hands, &o., Lon.. 1.570. 4to. " I apprehend them to have been written by Mr. Bcauchesne a BcboolmHSter in Blackfriars, and cut on wood by Mr. Baldon "— Herbert. Beauclerc, Rt. Rev. James, Lord-Bishop of Here- ford, d. 1787. Sermon preached before the Lords, on 1 Sam. XT. 23, (Jan. 30.) Lon., 1752. 4to. Beaufort, D. A., Rector of Lym. Scripture SufficienI: without Tradition. The Norrisian Prize Essay for 1840, Lon., 1S41, Svo. Beaufort, Daniel Augustus, Rector of Navan, in the county of Meath. A work on the Church of Rome, Dubl., 1788, Svo. Memoir of a Map of Ireland, &c., Dubl and Lon., 1792, 4to. "An exceedingly valuable work, containing a succinct account of the civil and ecclesiastical state of Ireland, and an Index of all the places which appear on the author's map." — Lowndes Beaufort, Rear-Admiral Sir Francis, K.C.B., F.R.S., ic, late Hydrographer to the Admiralty, d. 1857. Karamania; or, A Brief Description of the South Coast of Asia Minor and of the Remains of Antiquity, Lon.,lS17,8yo. " A vflluablo addition to the maritime geography and antiquities of a part of Asia not described hitherto." 147 BEA BEA Beaufort, John. The Daughter of Adoption, Lon., ISnu, 4 vols. 12inu. Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby, and mother ot Henry VII., 1441-1509. translated frum French into En<,dish, The Mirroiir of Guide for the sinfuU Soule. printed by Pynson. in 4to. Treatise of the Imitation of Christ; printed at the end of Dr. Wm. Atkin- son's English trans, of the three first books, 1504. A Let- ter to her son is printed in Howard's Collection of Letters. Her Will, which is very curious, is in the Collection of Royal and Noble Wills, p. 376, 1780, 4to. "That she was a zealous patroness of literature is obvioiis from the testimony of several publications which were undertaken and executed at the command, exhortation, or enticement, of the prin- cess Margaret." "Bight studious she was in bokes, whifh she had in grete num- ber, both in Englysh and in Latin, and in Frensbe; and for her exercise, and for the profyte of others, she did translate divers matters of Uevocyon out of the Frensh into Englysh." — Bishop Fisher's Momyvpr Neitii'mhraunce. See Park's Walpolc's Royal and Noble Authors. Beaufoy, Henry. Speeches, &c., 1787-S8, 1810-14. Beaufoy, Col. Mark. Con. to Ann. Philosoph., 181.^,-17. Beaulieu, Imke de, Chaplain to Lord Jeffries, and Prebendary nf Cinu-fster. Theolog. works. 1074-1706. Beauman, Wni, Sermon on Mai. ii. 7. Beaumont. Dutch Albanus, Lun., 1712, 8fo. Beaumont, Alex. History of Spain. 1812, 8vo. Beaumont, Barber. Provident, or Parish Banks, Lon.. 1811), Svo. Beaumont, Charles. The Coal Trade, Lon., 17S9.4to. Beaumont, Francis, 1585?-1615-16, and John Fletcher, 1570-1625. united themselves so closely during life, that *' in death they have not been divided" by the biographer. Francis Beaumont was descended from the ancient and noble family of the name, whose residence was at Grace-Dieu in Leicestershire. His grand-father. John Beaumont, was Master of the Rolls, and his father, Francis, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. He was entered a gentleman-commoner of Broadgates' Hall, (now Pembroke College,) O.xford, Feb. 4, 1596-97. After leav- ing college he became a member of tlie Inner Temple ; but is not sxipposed to have become very profoumlly versed in the principles of jurisprudence. A translation of the fable of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus from Ovid into English rhyme and much enlarged, printed in 1602, 4to, is ascribed to his pen, though not without question. Of Beaumont's life but very little is known. He married Ursula, a daughter of Henry Isley, of Sundridge, in Kent, by whom he left two daughters. He died before he had attained his 3nth year, and was buried near the entrance of St. Benedict's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, near the Earl of Middlesex's monument. Bishop Curbit honoured the departed poet by the following epitaph : On Mr. Francis Beaumont. " He that hath such acuteness and such wit As would ask ten good heads to husband it: — * He that can write so well that no man dare Refuse it for the best, — let him beware! Beaumont is dead! by whose sole death appears Wit's a disea.se consumes men in few years !" His brother, also. Sir John Beaumont, intimates that the mental powers of the poet were overtasked : "Thou should'st have followed me, but Death, to blame, Miscounted years, and measured a2;e by fame: " So dearly hast thou bou;^ht thy precious lines, Their praise grew swiftly, so thy life declines." Of the collection entitled The Works of Beaumont and Fletcher, (fifty- two plays, a Masque, and some Minor Poems,) Beaumont alone wrote The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, and the Minor Poems, it is be- lieved, with the exception of The Honest Man's Fortune, which follows the play with that title: this "challenges Fletcher for its sole author, and remains the single undra- matic poem extant of Fletcher's, unless we add a few self- commendatory verses prefixed to The Faithful Shepherd- ess." The Masque dedicated to Sir Francis Bacon was acted and printed 1612-l.S ; the Puems were printed 16-40, 4to ; 1653. 1660, Svo. The most celebrated is the Letter to Ben Jonson. "lieaumont's poems are all of considerable, some of them of high, merit." — Dr. Bi.iss. " His orit!;inal poems give him very superior claims to a place in our collections. Alth'"iu;,'h we find some of the metaphysical conceits so common in his day. p:ii-(ifiil:nly in an elegy on Lady Markham, he is in general more lire tVi.m ihem than his contem- poraries. His sentiments are eleuimt :ind refined, and his versifi- cation is unusually harmnnious. Where have we more lively ima- gery, or in greater pn>fusi(tn. than in the .sonnet. Like a King without a Finger? Ilis amatory pnems are sprightly and original, ftnd sumo of his lyrics rise to the impassioned spirit of Shakspeare 148 and >nUon. Sir K. Brydges is of opinion that the third song in the play of N ice Valour atforded the lirst hint of the 11 I'euseroso." John Fletcher was the son of Richard, successively Bishop of Biistol, A\'urcester, and London. He was edu- cated at Cambridge, probably at Bene't College, and had the reputation of respectable proficiency in the classics. As many of the plots of his plays were taken from the Spanish, French, and Italian, it is a fair inference that he was versed in those languages. It is believed that he was never married. He died of the plague, in London, in 1625, and was buried in St. Saviour's, Southwark. In ad- dition to the pieces written exclusively by Fletcher, and his labours in conjunction with Beaumont, he assisted Ben Junson and Middleton in The Widow, and is supposed to have been also a literary partner with Shakspeare, Mas- singer, and some other authors. The Two Noble Kings- men was formerly very confidently attributed to Fletcher and Shakspeare; though later opiuiuus deprive the latter of any share in the authorship. Still the title-page of the first edition carries the name of both, and the assertion seems to have been unquestioned by those who, living near the time, may be supposed to have been as good judges as the ingenious skeptics of modern times. However, we offer no oiiinion upon the subject. Langbaine declares that Shakspeare was one of the authors; and the following re- marks are worthy of consideration ; *■ ^ince the truth of this statement was never questioned until modern times, although many of tfhakspeare's friends were living when the play was published; since all the old critics mention Shakspeare as one of the writers of it ; — and. more than all, since the inU'rnal evidence fully bears out the tradition, we think the genuineness of it can scarcely be questioned. If Shakspe-are did not assist Fletcher, who then did? None of the plays which Fletcher alone wrote are composed in the same style, or exhibit the same lofty imagination, and if there were any other dramatist save shakspeare. who could attain to such a height of excellence, he has certainly handed down none of his compositions to pos- terity. If Shakspeare did not write part of it, all we can say is, that his imitators went very near to rival himself" — Cunriingham's Biog. Hist, of Eiig. We have stated that after deducting from " The Works of Beaumont and Fletcher" those compositions of which Beaumont was sole author, (and the one nndramatic poem of Fletcher's,) we have remaining fifty-two plays. Mr. Darley remarks : " Out of the fifty-two play.s Beaumont had no share in the first nine here set down, it may be said with little hesitation, and with none, in the next nine — making in all dgldeen." The Loyal Subject. Fii'st represented in 1618. The Island Puincess. *' 1621. The Pilgrim. " 1621, The Wildgoose Chase. '* 1621. The Beggar's Busn. " 1622. The Wo^fAN"s Prize; or, The Tamer Tamed. The Mad Lover. Lover's Pilgrimage. The Night Walker. The Faithful Shepherdess. The Prophetess. Produced the 14th May, 1622. The Sea Voyage. " 22d June, 1622. The Spanish Curate. " 24th Oct., 1622. The Maid of the Mill. " 2yth Aug., 1623. A Wife for a Moxth. " 27th May, 1624. Rule a Wife and have a Wipe. " I'Jth Oct., 1624. The Fair Maid op the Inn. " 22d Jan., 1625. The Noble Gentleman. " 3d Feb., 1625. " For this latter set of dates we have Sir Henry Herbert, the licenser's, manuscript, as authority; which also decides the corre- sponding dramas to be by Fletcher alone, except the ^Maid of the Mill, wherein he had Rowley's assistance. That the Faithful Shepherdess was Fletcher's sole production, there is no doulit. and every evidence. Two other plays by him, licensed in 162^, are lost, — The Devil of Lowgate; or, Usury put to Use, and The Wan- dering Lovers. For the former set of dates we have authority not so direct, but sufficient; and Fletcher seems to have written with- out help all the dramas, dated and undated, save the last two, which he left imperfect, and which Malone says were finished by Sherley. These lii^hteen plays, therefnro, furnish criticism a fair, broad ground w li.rrii|ii>ii ti' jiid'.:e nf Fletrbrr's individual style. We may perli;ips :v\i\ I'lie \\ ('111:111 Il.iti-r, pr-iiiuced alwut 1G06-7. Concerning the ntber Ihirty-three dramas, (half a dozen excepted,) we can ascertain the times of their representation, or, at least, publicjition, with various degrees of precision; but it is difficult to apportinn their authorship — I might say, impcssible — though easy enough to hypothesize, and yet easier to pronounce about it, . . . Besides the above-mentioned definite class of Eighteen attril)utable almost entirely to Fletcher. I shall mark out another of nine, all of which may h;ivi' Ix-m pnrlly written by Beaumont, as they were composed or mad*' pulilic lietnro his death, and some of them even claim him for their i Inef author on good evidence." The Knight of the Burning Pestle. First rep. in 1611. Philaster; or, Love and Madness. Rep. before 1611. , The Maid's Tragedy. *' 1611. BEA BEA King and No King. The Honest Man's FonTONE. Thk Coxcomb. Cui'in's Revenge. The Captain. The Scornful Lady. Licensed in 1611. ' " 1613. Acted first iu 1013, 1613. " 1613. Published in 1616. Written before 1611. it i,' Probably before 1611. Licensed in " 1613 Acted first 1613 ii tt it Printed 1616. '* I add The Scornful Lady, thnuirh not published fill after the denth of Beaumont, because it \\;is uiitl.'n smiiu- yeais earlier ; and I ouiitthe Woman Hater, th-iii;!! [luMisInd li.fuie tliat epueh, be- cause he is und.rstii'Hl to ha\c li.ui no shaie iu this work." " Even from Ih.- al^uve small class we can select hut three dramas, Terified as joint rvo. Beaumont vras author, in addition to his works aheady named, of a drama entitled The History of Mador, King of Great Britain, now lost. Several other compusitiuus have been attributed to our literary partners, as well as to Fletcher, in conjunction with others; in The History of Cardenio, Shakspenre is said to have been bis coUengue. (See Barley's Introduction, and Weber's edition, Lon.. 1S02, 8vo, 1814, 14 vols.) This edition was severely handled by Giflbrd and Oct. Gilchrist. We have already mentioned the early editions of Beau- mont's Poems. The Golden Remains of Francis Beau- mont and John Fletcher, 2d edit., with other Drolleries hy severall Wits of these present Times, was pub., Lon., 1660, 8vo. The first collected edition of the comedies and tra- gedies was pub., Lon., 1647, folio, with portrait of Fletcher. This edition contains a dedication by ten comedians to Philip, the Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. It was edited by John Shirley, and contained 86 plays, printed for the first time. Also, Lon., 1650, in 4to; 1679. foliu; 1711, 7 vols. 8vo; with notes by Theobald, Seward, and Sympson, 1750, 10 vols. Svo; with notes by various com- mentators, 1778, 10 vols. 8vo, edit, by George Colman ; edit, by Theobald, 1780, 10 vols. ; with notes by Henry Weber, 1812, 14 vols. 8vo, with portraits; edited by Dyce. 1843- 46, 11 vols. 8vo. Moxon's beautiful edition, 1839. has been before referred to. This enterprising and highly respectable publisher has issued, in the same superior style, the works of Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Bryden, Spenser, Massinger and Ford, Wycherley, Congreve, Van- brugb. and Faniubar. To some of the works of this selec- tion there are such grave objections, that we cannot desire their circulation, and there is hardly one author of the whole to whom the pruning-knife should not be applied before ho becomes an inmate in the domestic circle. Our remarks upon certain dramatic writers (see Collier, Jerkmy) may be consulted in this connexion. The friendship existing between Beaumont and Fletcher was of the most endearing kind. Aubrey tells us, in his remarks upon Beaumont, "There was a wonderful consimility of phansy between him and Mr. Jo. Fletcher, which caused that dearnesse of friendship between them. I have heard Dr. Jo. Earle (since Bish. of Sarum) say, who knew them, that his maine businesse was to correct the overflow- ings of Mr. Fletchei-'s witt. They lived together on the Banke side, not far from the play-house, Imfh bachelors, lay together, . . . the same cloathsand cloake, Ac, between them." We proceed to quote the opinions of a number of writers upon the works of our distinguished poet. Shirley, in the preface to the first collected edition, (1647 see ante,) after a laboured description of the constituents of true poetry, remarks, " This, you will say, is a vast comprehension, and hath not hap- pened in many years. Pe it then remembered to the glory of our own, that all these are di iimnstrative, and met in ]!eaiiui'(mt and Fletcher, whnui but t^ nhuliun is to throw aeloud u]\in\ all former names, and bern-ht p'st.iily; this book being, wil hunt llaltery, the greatest iiKiiiuiiient ol Ibe scene that time and humanily have produced, and must live, not only the crown and sole reputation of our own, but the stain of all other nations and languages." We quote some specimens from the Commeudntory Verses prefixed to the works. Tbc following refer to Fletcher. *' Thou hast left unto the times so great A legacy, a treasure so complete. That 'twill be hard, I fear, to prove thy will: Men will be wrangling, and in doubting still, Uow so vast sums of wit were left behind. And yet nor debts, nor sharers, they can tind." Henry Moody, B.uit. " Then shall the country, that poor tennis-ball Of angry fate, receive thy pastoral!, And from it leaiii those melancholy strains Fed the attiiitril souls of primitive swains. Thus the mIjm).- wi^rld to reveience will flock Thy tragic Vmskin and thy comic sock: And winged fame unto posterity Transmit but only two, this age and thee." Thomas Peyton. "And, by the court of Muses be 't decreed. What graces spring from poesy's richer seed, When we name Fletcher, shall l>e so proclaim'd. As all that's royal is, when Caesar's named." KoiiERT Stapylton, Knt. "Jonson, Shakspeare. and thy.self did sit, And sway'd in the triumvirate of M'it. Yet what from Jonson's oil and sweat did flow, Or what more easy Mature did bestow On Jfhakspeare's gentler muse in thee full grown Their graces both appear." — J. Deniiam. " Fletcher, to thee, we do not only owe All these good plays, but those of others too: Thy wit repeated, does support the stage. Credits the last, and entertains this, age. No worthies form'd by any muse, but thine, Could purchase robes to make themselves so fine." Et>m. Waller. " Fair star, ascend I the joy. the life, the light Of this tempestuous age, this dark world's sightl Oh from thy crown of gloi-y dart one flame May strike a sacred reverence, whilst thy name (Like holy tiamens to their god of day) We, bowing, sing; and whilst we praise, we pray." Kicii. Lovelace. The bad taste, if not impiety, of this apostrophe is not at all singular in our old writers. We quote the compli- mentary epistle of Ben Jonson in answer to Beaumont's letter to the former on Tbc Fox : "To Mn. Francis Beaumont. " How I do love thee. Beaumont, and thy Muse. That unto me dost such religion use! Ilow I do fear myself, that am not worth The least indulgent thought thy pen drops forth I At once thon makest me happy, and unmakest, And \xu ing largely to me. more thou takest : \Vhat late is mine that so itself bereaves? What art is thine, that so thy friend deceives? ■\\'hen even there, where most thou praisest me For writing better. I must envy thee!" We do not discontinue quotations from want of matter, for of the Commendatory Verses inscribed to Fletcher, to Beaumont, and to both together, there are no less than twenty-five sets ! Gerard Langbaine tells us, '•To speak first of Mr. Beaumont, he was master of a good wit, and a better judgment; he so admirably well understood the art of the stage, that even Jonson himself thought it no disparage- ment to submit his writings to his correction. . . . Mr. Fletchei-'s wit was equal to Mr. Beaumont's judgment, and was so luxuriant, that, like superfluous branches, it was fretiuently piun'd by his judicious partner. These poets perfectly understood breeding, and, therefore, successfully copy'd the conversation of gentlemen. They knew how to describe thr manners of the age; and Fletcher had a peculiar talent in expressing all his thoughts with life and briskness." — Jcanmt of Dramaf. I^ets. 1601. With reference to Jonson's deference to Beaumont's judgment, we may barely refer to the amusing error of Bryden, who will have it that " Rare Ben" submitted "all of his plots" to the supervision of his sagacious friend; which. Mr. Darley truly remarks, "Would prove our author indeed a precocious genius, as Every Man in His Humour was produced in 1596, when Beaumont was but ten years old. But Diyden seems to have been the loosest speaker, not an intentional liar, among all our great literati." Dryden tells us that Beaumont^ and Fletcher's plays in 1-19 BE A BEA his time were the most pleasing and frequent entertain- ments uf the st:ige, two of theirs being acted through the year for one of Shakspeare's or of Jonson's. Sir John Ber- keuhead has no hesitation in avowing his preference for Fletcher above Shalispeare : '• Brave Shakesju-ar llow'd. yet had his ebbings too, Often above himself, sometimes below; Tkou always best. . . , Shakespear was early up. and went so drest As for these daummg hours he knew was best ; But when the sun shone forth, you too thnu;i;ht fit To wear just robes, aud leave o£f trunk-hose wit." Mr. Cartwright is of the same mind: " Sbakespear to thee was dull, whose best jest lies 1' th' Ladies' que-stions, and the Fool's replies; Old-fashioned wit. which walked from town to town, In turu'd hose, which our latheis caird the Clown; "VVhose wit our nice times would obsceneness call, And which made bawdry pass for comical. Nature was all his art; thy vein was free As his, but without his scurrility." This commendation for decency, as contrasted with Shakspeare, is so exceedingly preposterous, that we cannot but wonder whether Cartwright ever really perused Fletcher's writings. Kymer criticizes The Maid's Tragedy, The Chances, and Valentinian, with great severity. He sent one of his reviews to Dryden, who, in the blank leaves before the beginning and after the end of the book, made several remarks, as if he designed an answer to that gen- tleman. The following is not without interest: ■■ iShakespear and Fletcher have written to the genius of the age and nation in which they lived; for though nature, as he [Hymer] objects, is the same in all places, and reason, too, the same; yet the climate, the age, tin.' disposilion of the people to whom a poet writes, may be so diircr.-nt. ib;it what pleased the Greeks would not satisfy an Englisli ;iudiriire." We cordially concur in the following censure: "Among the faults of Beaumont and Fletcher, their want of decency calls for particular reprehension. lu this respect thev are fer more blameable than .Shakespeare. The language they put into the mouths of the best characters hath sometimes a freedom, we might say a coarseness, in it, which cannot be justified from the manners of the age, though that circumstance lias been alleged in palliation of their conduct."' It has been well remarked that " Most writers (at least those of great abilities) are commonly so jealous of their own productions, that they are very unwilling to have another share with them in the fame of a single thought that has met with success. How great, then, must have been the resignation of our two poets; how noble a sacrifice must they have made to self-love in thus blending their reputations, and each communicating to each that light which would have made them singly conspicuous." — General Bintj. DM. " Almost every oneof Beaumout and Fletcher's fifty-two dramas is founded upon Love. This fact might even alone serve for a gauge to mete the genius of our authors. Among all poetic sul> jects, love is the easiest to succeed with, being the most popular. To select it over-often is, therefore, a mark of weakness; a proof of impotence to handle sulijects, which interest less universally, enthusiastically. No dramatist who has a heart will eschew love- subjects; but they will be always chosen by many dramatisers ■who have nothing else. . . . Beaumont and Fletcher seem to have caught one deep truth of nature.— their women are either far more angelical or diabolical than their men. They have also deli- neated women much better,— a mark, by the bye, of their femiuine genius, if we must not call it effeminate or feeble. . . . Certain of their lyrics are very good, especi.illy the Anacreontic. ' God Lya-us ever young.' in Valentinian, breathes a fine spirit of Bacchanalian enthusiasm. But the string our lyrists touched most often was that which, like the Teian bard's, • responded love;' and which often did so with exquisite sweetness — 'The very twang of Cupid's bow sung to it.' Indeed, throughout their works, ■ Venus the A'ictnriou.s' seems to have been the battle-word on which they relied, rather than * Her- cules the Invincible,' though not always' so successfully as Ca'sar." — Darley. Milton, doubtless, was largely indebted to Fletcher's Faithful Shepherdess in his Conius. "True, those thoughts thus transferred, frequently resemble motes in the sunbeams, themselves fertile particles", glittering with a radiance not their own." *' He who has not perused Beaumont and Fletcher can have no complete idea of the riches of English poetry; and they are the only English dramatists whose distance froni Shakspeare. in his more peculi.ar excellencies, is not so immense as to make the de- scent painful. . . . Shakspeare has few portraits so exquisitely beautiful as those of Aspasia and Bellario, and not many more comic than tho.so of Bessus and the little French lawyer. Their grand excellencies are not so much the depicting of character, as a rich vein of wit;— a native elegance of thought and expression, and a wandering romantic fancy. deli'j;htful even in its wildest moods. They do not possess the profound knowledge of human nature %vhich alone would have made Shakspeare immortal. They cannot paint with the brush of a master the gradual progress of a mind fmni confidence to suspicion,— from suspicion to jeabuisv. —and from jealousy to madness; or the fearful workings of asoiil ■ racked between the ardent di>«ire nf an object which seems almost Within the grasp, and thr drr.i.i ai.d alibnm-nce of the path of crune by which that .ibj.vt must b^ attained. Their characters are not so much beings of lofty intellect as of deep passion; and thes^ passions are portrayed not iu their rise and gradual progress, but in their highest mood." — Canning/ha m'g Bing. J/,st. oj E»g. *• Fletcher had an excellent wit, which, the back friends to stage- plays will say. was neither idle nor well employed; fur he and Francis Beaumont, esquire, like Castor and Pollux, (most happy when in conjunction.; raised the English to equal the Athenian and Roman theatre; Beaumont briut;ingthe ballast of judgment, Fletcher the sail of phantasy; both compounding a poet to admi- ration." — Fuller's Wiirtldes. The justice of this apportionment of wit and judgment has been questioned: " Since on the oue hand. The JMaid's Tragedy. Philaster. and the King and No King, iu which Beaumont is generallv allowed to have had the chief hand, exhibit more fancy, more of the qualities by which Fletcher was distinguished than themajority of the other plays which they are known to have written iuconjuQctiun; while, on the other hand, those written by Fletcher alone, are. on the whole, equal in point of taste and judgment to most of those in which Beaumont assisted him." '• It cannot be denied that they are lyrical and descriptive poets of the highest order; every page of their writings is ajtoi-ilegium: they are dramatic poets of the second class in poiut of knowledge, variety, vivacity, and effect; there is hardly a passion, character, or situation, which they have not touched in their devious range, and whatever they touched they adorned with some new gi-ace^or striking feature: they are masters of style and versification in almost every variety of melting modulation or sounding pomp of which they are capable : in comic wit and spirit, they are scarcely suipassed by any writers of our age." — Hazlitt : ^ige of Elisabeth. "Their chai-m is, vigour and variety; their defects, a coarseness and grotesfiueness that betray no circumspection. There is so much more hardihood than discretion in the arrangement of their scenes, that, if Beaumont's taste and judgment had the disposal of them he fully proved himself the juuior partner. . . . But it is not pro- bable th:it their departments were so divided. Still, however, the scanty lights that enable us to guess at what thev respectively wrote seem to warrant that distinction in the cast of their genius which is made iu the poet's allusion to ' Fletcher's keen treble, and deep Beaumont's bass.'" CiimphelVs Esaay on Ejiglish Ihetry. *' That Fletcher was not entirely excluded from a share iu the conduct of the diama. may be gathered from a story related by AViustanley. that our two bards having concerted the rouu'h draught of a tragedy over a bottle of wiue at a tavern. Fletcher .s;iid°he would undertake 'to kill the king,' which words beinn caught by the waiter, who had not overheard the context of their conversa- tion, he lodged an information of treason against them. But on their explanation that it only meant the compassing the de.ith of a theatrical monarch, and their loyalty moreover being unques- tioned, the affair ended in a jest." We should not omit to quote the opinion of that very competent critic, Sir Walter Scott : " Beaumont and Fletcher have still a high poetical value. If character be sometimes violated, probability discarded, and the interest of the plot neglected, the reader is, ou the other hand, often gratified by the most beautiful description, the most tender and passionate dialogue, a display of brilliant wit and gaiety, or a feast of comic humour. The.^^e attributes had so much effect on the public, tb.at. during the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries, many of Beaumont and Fletcher's plays had possession of the stage, while those of Sh.akspeare were laid upon the shelf" — Article ^- Drama ^" Encyc. Brit. We refer the reader to Schlegel's review of our authors; a short extract must suffice here : " Beaumont and Fletcher were in fact men of the most distin- guished talents; they scarcely wanted an v thing more than a pro- founder seriousness of mind, and that arlisti.' -a^acitv which every where observesadue measure, to rank Ixsiib- the greatest dramatic poets of all nations. They possesseil extra<>idiriarv fecundity and tlexihility of mind, and a facility which, however, too often degene- rated into carelessness. The highest perfection thev have hardly ever attained; and I should have little hesitation in affirming th.it they bad not even an idea of it: however, on several occasions they have approached quite close to it. And why was it denied them to t.ake this last step? Because with them poetry was not an in- ward devotion of the feeling and imagination, "but a means to obtain brilliant results. Their first object was effect, which the great artist can hardly fail of attainiuir if h- is determined above all things to satisfy himself" — Dramaiir LiUratur''. The studentwilldo well to consult, also, the classic pages of Mr. Hallam : "The sentiments and style of Fletcher, when not concealed by obscurity, or corruption of the text, are very dramatic. We cannot deny that the depths of Shaksjieare's mind were often unfathom- able by an audience: the bow was drawn bv a matchless hand, but the shaft went out of sight. All might listen to Fletcher's pleas, ing. thouL^h not prof.mnd or vigorous, language; his thou<;hts .are nnlile, and tinged with the ideality of romance, his metaphors vi- vid. tbniiL'b soiii, limes too forced;" he poi^sesses the idiom of Eng- lisli with.-ut nui.h pedantry, though in many passasres he strains it beynmicnmmoiiuse; his versification, though studiously irrecru- lar. is often rhythmical and sweet. Yet we are seldom arrested by striking beauties; good lines occur in every page, fine ones but rarely; we lay down the volume with a sense of admiration of what we have read, but little of it remains distinctlv in the me- mory. Fletcher is not much quotod. and b:ts not even afforded copious materials to those who cull the beauties of ancient lore. In variety of char-actcr there can be no comparison between Fletcher and Shakspeare.'" — Literary History of Europf. Another eminent critic is of opinion that Fletcher mo- delled his plays upon Shakspeare's comedies: " It was these, with their idealized truth nf character, their poetic beauty of imagery, their mixture of the grave with the playful in BEA BEA thought, their rapid and skilful transitions from the trasic to the comic in feeling; it was these, the pictures in which Phakspeare had made his nearest approach to portrayiuj; actual life, and not those pieces in which he transports the iniaii:i nation into his own Tast and awful world of tragic action, and sufferinp;, and emotion ^that attracted Fletcher's fancy, and proved congeni:il to his cast of feeling."—!. B. Macaulat. " Whatever may be their just place as dramatists. Beaumont and Fletcher were better poets than any of thi^ir dramatic contempora- ries, except Shakspeare himself They mounted higher on the wings of ideal contempiation. None can be compared to them for exuberance and ^nice of fancy, none for their delicacy and tender- Dess of feeling in passages of emotion." How much is it to be lamented that poets of such rare endowments should have debased the muse to the shock- ing licentiousness which disfigures passages otherwise of marvellous beauty ! Professor Shaw justly remarks : "Nor is it much palliation to consider this licentiousness of speech as the vice of the times. It is true that the charge of in- decency may be safely maintained against nearly all the writers of this wonderful period, and we know that the stage has a pecu- liar tendency to fall into this error; but Shakspeare has .shown us that it is very possible to avoid this species of pruriency, and to pourtray the female character not in its warmth only and its ten- derness, but also in its purity. The most singular thing is, that many of the more indelicate scenes and much of the coarsest lan- guage in Beaumont and Fletcher will be fiiund to have been com- posed with the express purpose of exhibiting the virtue and pu- rity of their heroines." — Outlines of Eng. Literature. " There may be quoted from them many short passages, and some entire scenes, as delightful as any thing in the range of poe- try ; sometimes pleasing by their rich im.agery, sometimes by their profound pathos, and not unfrequently. by their elevation and purity of thought and feeling. But there are very few of the plays whtise stories can be wholly told wttbout ofTence; and there is none that should be read entirely by a young person." — Spalding's Hist. This unhappy mingling of nobility of style and eleva- tion of sentiment with vulgarity of incident and obscenity of language — this unsightly admixture of the "fine gold of the bead" with the " clay of the feet," to borrow a simile from the inspired vision of the propbet of the Captivity, will ever be regretted by all who desire that literature should be the hand-maid of morality, and intellectual re- finement the coadjutor of religious truth. We close our sketch of these great dramatists with the beautiful comparison of Mr. Campbell : *' There are such extremes of grossness and magnificence in their dramas, so much sweetness and beauty interspersed with views of nature either falsely romantic or vulgar beyond reality ; there is so much to animate and amuse us, and j'et so much that we would willingly overlook, that I c^annot help comparing the contrasted impressions which they make to those which we receive from visit- ing some great and ancient city, picturesquely hut irregularly built, glittering with spires, and surrounded by gardens, but ex- hibiting in many quarters the lanes and haunts of wretchedness. They have scenes of wealth and high life, which remind us of courts and palaces frequented by elegant females and high-spirited gallants, whilst their old martial characters, withCaractacusin the midst of them, may inspire us with the same sort of regard which we pay to the rough-bewn magnificence of an ancient fortress." Beaumont, Francis William C. E,, b. 1814. Improvement of Bubliu Bay, 1840. Tracts on Common Road LocomotiTes. Beaumont, G. The Law of Life and Fire Insurance, 2d ed., Lou., 1846. Copyhold Tenure. Lon., 1835. Beanmont, G. D, B. Code of Real Property, Lon., 1827, 8vo. Beaumont, Sir Harry, a name assumed by Joseph Spence. See post. Beaumont, J. A. Sermon, Acts vi. 7; MoreBishops, more Priests, more Deacons. How to Increase the EflB- ciency of the Church. [Visitation.] 8vo, Leeds., 1846. Beaumont, J, F. A. Travels and other Works, 1792-1805. Beaumont, Sir John, 1582-1628, was the second sou of Judge Francis Beaumont, and an elder brother of Francis, the celebrated dramatic poet. He was entered a gentleman commoner of Broadgates' Hall, (now Pembroke College,) Oxford, in 1696. After some attention to the study of the law, he retired to the family seat at Grace- Dieu, Leicestershire. Anth. Wood ascribes to him The Crown of Thorns, a poem in 8 books, never printed. His son gave his father's writings to the world, under the title of Bosworth Field, with a Taste of the Variety of Other Poems, 1629. Pages 181-2 are missing in all copies. "The chaste complexion of the whole shows that to genius he added virtue and delicacy." " Bosworth Field certainly contains many original specimens of the heroic style, not exceeded bv anv of his contemporaries, and the imagery is frequently just arid striking. The lines describing the death of the tyrant may be submitted with confidence to the admirers of Shakspeare. Among his lesser poems, a few sparklings of invention may now and then be discovered, and his transla- tions are, in general, spirited and correct." "The commendation of improving the rhythm of the couplet is due also to Sir John Beaumont, author of a short poem on the battle of Bosworth Field. It was not written, however, so early as the Britannia's Pastorals of Browne. In other respects it hag no pretensions to a high rank." — Halhim's Litfmry Hidnry. "Bosworth Field may be compared with Addison's Campaign, without a high compliment to either. Sir John has no &ncy, but there is force and dignity in some of his passages." — Campbell. '' His poems are written with much spirit, elegance, and har- mony." — Wordsworth. ''Thy care for that, which was not worth thy breath, Brought on too soon thy much-lamented death. But ileav'n was kind, and would not let thee see The plagues th.at must upon this nation be, By whom the Muses have neglected been, "Which shall add weight and measure to their sin." Draytim tn Bf^^aumont. Beaumont, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676. '81, '84. Beaumont, John, Jr., among other works, 1693- 1724. wrote a work to prove the existence of witches and apparitions; Treatise of Spirits, &e., Lon., 1705, Svo. Beaumont, Joseph, D.D., 1615-1699, a descendant of the ancient family of the name in Leicestershire, was entered at Peterhouse, Cambridge, at the age of 16. He was elected Fellow and tutor, but was ejected in 1643. In 1663 he became master of his college. He attacked Dr. Henry More's work. The Mystery of Godliness, pub. in 1665, and for his zeal received the thanks of the uni- versity, which elected him Professor of Divinity. His Poems in English and Latin were pub. in 1749, 4to, with an Appendix containing comments on the Epistle to the Colossians. " Ilis Latin Poems, although perhaps superior in style, are yet below the purity of the Augustan age." His principal work was Psyche, or Ijove's Mystery, iu 24 cantos, displaying the Intercourse between Christ and the Soul. This was begun in April, 1647, finished before the end of March, 1648, and pub. iu the same year, folio. This poem was once very popular, but has been long ne- glected. Pope is reported to have said of it, " There are in it a great many flowers well worth gathering, and ■ a man who has the art of stealing wisely will find his account in 1 reading it." " The number of lines it contains is 38,92*2, being considerably I longer than the Fairie Queene, nearly four times the length of , Paradise Lost, or Henry More's Poem, five or six times as long as I the Excursion, and reducing the versified novels of modern times to utter insignificance." See Betrosp. Review xi. 2SS-307 ; xii. 229-4S; where are cnpious extracts. , Beaumont, J. T. B. Political Works, lishi-d find pointed; the Parcasm at once d<-i'p and drlit-ate; a p.Troiniance in which buoy- ancy of juvenili' spirit srts .>[T the results nf :tln-ady extensive ob- servation, and llif jiutginents of a rL-fined Ithuugh tar too tastidi- ous and exclusive) taste." — Lou. QwirterUf Review. The celebrated romance of Vathek was published in French at Lausanne in 1787. The English edition, issued in 17S6,- was a translation not made by the author, nor by his consent. Several editions in Engli.'^h have been published. So admirable was the French original for " style and idiom, that it was considered by many as the work of a Frenchman." Lord Byron, a very competent judge both of the subject and the way in which it should be treated, praises Vathek in the highest terms: " For correctness of costume, beauty of description, and power of imagination, this most Eastern and sublime tale siii7>asses all European imitations: and bears such marks of m i_'in;ilirv that those who have visited the East will have some dilliiultv in be- lieving it to be more than a translation. ... As an KasttTU tale even Kasselas must how before it : his Happy Valley will not bear a comparison with the Hall of Eblis." A high authority thus comments upon the noble critic and his subject: " Vathek is, indeed, without reference \n the time of life when the autlmr penned it, a very mnrir'k.il'L p' i f ii-mance : but. like most nf the works of the great J...,. I uli- h i^ ■hn^ - l"Miient!y praised it. it is st;nii.-d with somepoivM,,..j, t- . r- i ■: - piiat-nn is'toooften su.h as mi^-ht have been inhnli_-d io ili.- Hail ni Llilis. We dn not ailud.- BO much to its audacious licentiousness, as to the diaboli- cal l.Mity of its contempt for mankiud. The bov-author appears abeady to have rubbed all the bloom off his heart; and, in the midst of his dazzling genius, one trembles tn think that a strip- lin_' of years so tender should have attained the cool cynicism of a Catidxh..'" — Lon. QuarterJi/ Hevifw. " Vathek. the finest of Oriental romances, as Lalla Rookh is the finest of Oriental poems."— iVorWs Memoir nf Beckfryrd. In 1834, after lying unpublished (though printed) for near half a century, appeared Italy, with sketches of Spain and Portugnl, in a Series of Letters written during a Resi- dence in those Countries, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. " Mr. Beckford has at length been induced to publish h!s let- ters, in order to vindicate his own orijrinal t-laim to certain thoughts, images, and expressions, which had been adopted by other authors whom he had from time to time received beneath his roof and indulged with a perusal of his secret lucubrations. . . . His book is entirely unlike any book of Travels in prose that exists in any Europ.-.iii l;iiit:viage; and if we could fancy Lord IJy- ron to have writt-n the Untold in the measure of Don Juan, au'd Ui have availed hinisi-lf of the facilities which the ottava rivia af- fords for intermingling hi:_'h poetry with mi-niiiient of all sorts, and especially with sanasti.- sk.tilns r,f liwng manners, we be- lieve the result would have been a work more nearly akin to that now before us than any other in the lit>rary. He is a poet, and a great one. too, though we know not that he ever wrote a line of verse. His raptures amidst the sulilimescenery of mountains and forests, in the Tyrol, especially, and in Spain, is that of a spirit cast originally in one of Nature's linest moulds ; and he fixes it in lan- guage which can scarcely be praised beyond its deserts — simple, massive, nervous, apparently little laboured, yet revealing, in its effect, the perfection of art,. S^ome immortal passages in Dray's letters, and Byron's diaries, are the only things, in our tongue, that seem to us to come near the profound melancholy, blended with a picturesque description at once true and startling, of many of these extraordinary paces. Nor is his sen.se for the hiirhest beauties of art less exquisite. He seems to us to descrilte clas^^ical architecture, and the pictures of the great Italian schools, with a most passionate feeling of the grand, and with an inimitable giace of expression. On the other hand, he betrays, in a thonsand places, a settled voluptuousness of temperament, and a capricious recklessness of self indulgence, which will lead the world to iden- tify him beocefnrtb with his A'athek as hiextiiiably a.'i" it lias long since conn.Tti'd Harold with the pm-t (hat drew hiui. . . . We risk nothing in predirling that Mr. HedUoids Travels w ill hencloith be classed anuing the most elegant productions of modern litera- ture: they will be forthwith tiaiislated into every languaijoon the Continent — and will keep his name alive, centuries after all the brass and marble he ever ])iled together have ceased to vibrate with the echoes of Modenhas." — Lon. (^uarterlt/ Beviejv, li. ■i2*\ Another authority of great reputation, which has guillo- tined as many unhappy authors in a lustre or two past as die! the Edinburgh Review in the first twenty years of its '* destructive ravages," thus commends the book under our notice : " A work rich in scenes of beauty and of life. It is a prose poem. The writer was a young enthusiast, with a passionate love of the ideal and the spiritual, whether in art or nature: travelling had little to do with the work but to call forth feeling; iu proof, it was written fifty years atro, yet. though the road has since been tra- velled by others to utter weariness, it is as fresh and delightful as if the ink were not dry with which it was written. There are scenes in these vrdumes not to be excelled in modern poetry; pic- tures where words are as rich iu colour and in beauty as the pen- cil of Turner: the rest is but the connecting link which holds them together. We are not sure that all will agree in this judg- ment: but the work will a.ssuredly 'fit audience find,' and take a permanent rank in our libraries. ... In the account of Portu- gal there is everywhere the same vivid picturing, the same rich colouring, the same passion and power: but instead of scenes from inanimate nature, we have them from life. . . . Our extracts, with the exception of those relating to Venice, have been taken almost at random, so rich is the work in scenes of beauty and of life." — Liimtfm AthnifFum, 1S.34. Mr. Beckford has connected his name still more closely with Portugal, by his Recollections <>f an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalhn, published iu 18.15. The excursion was made in June, 1794, at the desire of the Prince Regent of Portugal. "The monastery Alcobaca was the grandest ecclesiastical edifice in that country, with paintings, antiijue tombs, and fountains; the noblest architecture, in the finest situation, and inhabited by monks who lived like princes. The whole of these sketches ura interesting, and present a gorgeous picture of ecclesiastical pomp and wealth." — Lnn. G^'nt. Mug. The travellers were "conducted to the kitchen by tho abbot, in his costume of High Almoner of Portugal, that they might see what preparations had been made to re- gale them." "ThrouL'h the centre of the immense and nobly-groined hall, not less than sixty feet in diameter, ran a brisk rivulet of the clearest water, containing every sort and size of the finest river fish. On one side, loads of game and venison were heaped up. On the other, vegetables and fruits, in endless variety. Beyond a long line of stoves, extended a row of ovens, and clo.se to them, hillocks of wheaten flour whiter than snow, rocks of sugar, jars of the purest oil. and pastry in vast abundance, which a numerous tribe of lay brothers and their atteodants were rolling out, and puffing up into a hundred different shapes, singing all the while as blithely as larks iu a corn field." This magnificent monastery was plundered and given to the flames by the French troops under Massena, in 1811 : — One of the many sacrifices to the boundless ambition of one of the smallest and greatest men who ha.^ ever dis- graced the annals of humanity — Napoleon Bonaparte! Small in his narrow-minded selfishness, great in an intel- lect perverted to the worst purposes, and ever memorable as one of the most remorseless and unscrupulous wretches who ever trod the earth for the jmnishment of the nations. ^ We have only room for one opinion upon the Recollec- tions : " Pleasing and picturesque as the clime and places visited, this is just a hook for the indulgence of the dolrc far tiiente ; and our readers can hardly take a more grateful literary companion with them to the couch or grove. Again we have to expi-ess the plea- sure which this volume has afforded us, and recommend it to the 153 EEC favour it bo richly merits ; for. tboupli of slight texture,it is a very charming production." — London Lilcrarij Gazelle. See Mumoirs uf Becliford, Lon., 186S, 2 vols. p. 8vo, and review of the same, Lon. Athenjeum, Dee. 11, 1858. Beckinghain, Charles, 1699-1730-1, a native of London, wrote Seipio Africanus, Henry IV. of France, {both tragedies,) and some other pieces. He also trans, from the Latin of Rapin, Christ's Sull'erings, a Poem. Ilia tragedies were represented on the stage before he had com- pleted his twentieth year ; they were '• Not suih as required the least indulKence or .lUowance on account of his years, but such as bore evidence to a boldness of sentiment, an accuracy of diction, an ingenuity of conduct, and a maturity of judguient, which would have done honour to a much more ripened a,,^e." — Bi"g. Ih-avinl. Beckingtoii, Bekynton, orDe Bekinton, Tho- mas, d. 1464-05, tutor to Uenry VL, Secretary of State, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of Bath and Wells, was born in the parish of Beekington, in Somersetshire. Ho wrote a bools on the Right of the Kings of Englalld to the Crown of France, which with some of his Tracts is in MS. in the Cottonian Library. Some of his letters are preserved in the library at Lambeth. In 1328 that eminent antitjuary. Sir Nicholas Harris Ni- I colas, pub. the Bishop's Journal during his Embassy to | form negotiate a Marriage between Uenry VI. and a daughter of the Count Armagnae, in 1442, Svo. " This Journal throws considerable light on an event of impoi-t- ance in the history both of this country and of France, and af- fords much interesting information on an occurrence which h.as hitherto l>een very brieflv noticed. There are several letters of ■ Henry VI., with copies of all letters sent and received by the am- bassadors connected with their missions." Beekwith, John. Con. to Tr.ans. Linn. Soc., 1794. I Beckwith, Josiah, b. 1734, an intelligent antiquary and genealogist, pub. an improved edition of Blount's 1 Fr.agmenta Antiquitatis, or Ancient Tenures of Land and Jocular Customs of soiue Manors. Lon., 1784. "Few persons were better qoalilicd for this business; and Mr. Beckwith has enriched this edition wilh many valuable additions and improvements. . . . He has subjoined many notes and obser- vations, which have been communicated by some of the most re- spectable antirjuaries of the present day."— ioii. Monthhj Review. Beckwith, Thomas, 1731-1799, brother to the above, and also an enthusia.st in antiquarian and genealogical re- searches, compiled A Walk in and about the city of York, on the plan of Gostliug's Walk in and about tlic city of Canterbury. Mr. B. never pub. any thing. Init made ex- tensive collections of valuable papers on his favourite subjects, which are now in the Bodleian Library, the library of the College of .Arms, and other depositories. Beckwith, William. A Plan to prevent all Chari- table Donations for the Benefit of Poor Persons, in the several Parishes of England and Wales, from loss, misap. plication, embeizlement, non-application, fraud, and abuse, in future, Lon., 1S07, 8vo. A Letter to Sir S. Romilly rcl. to Cliancery Proceedings, Lon., ISIO. Becoii, or Beacon, Thomas, b. about 1510, d.l570, a zealous Reformer, was a native of Kent. In 1560 ho was presented to the rectory of Buckland in Hertfordshire, and three years later to a church in London. He had a probendal stall at Canterbury. He wrote many wi.rks, principally short tracts in defence of the doctrines of the Reformation. His Worckes diligently perused, corrected and amended, were pub. in a folio vol. in 1563-64, by John Day. Only a portion of his works is included in this volume. His publication.s bear dates 1541-77. Many appeared under the assumed name of Theodore Basil. For a list of his many productions, see Watt's Bib. Brit. The Parker Society pub. Camb., 1843, his Early Works ; being the treatises published by him in the reign of King Henry VIII.; in 1844 his Pra.yers ami other pieces ; both of these books were edited by the Rev. John Ayre, M.A. "ISecon is an excellent writer, and the most voluminous after FoXe.'' — BiCKERSTETH. Pee Tanner; Strvpo's Parker. Beconsall, Thos. 1. Sermon. 2. Natural Religion, 1697-98. Beda, or Bede, 672-735. No name is more lUustn- ous in the history of literature and science during the Middle Ages than that of the " venerable" Bede ; and we may add that in proportion to his celebrity there are not many writers of whose personal history we possess so few details. His studious aud contemplative life probably of- fered few remarkable incidents to arrest the pen of the biographer or historian ; aud to his contempf>raries, as well as to after ages, {with the exception perhaps of the monas- tic congregation in which he resided,) he lived chiefly by BED hi5 -works. The only accurate information relating to Bede's life (with the exception of Cuthbert's account of his last moments) is given by Bede himself, at the end of his Ecclesiastical History. AU the other biographies, which are of little or no importance, are founded upon what he there states. Smith has inserted in his edition of Bede's historical works, an anonymous life written apparently in the 11th century. MabiUon has given another life, written after the beginning of the 12th century, and other anony- mous lives are inserted in the Acta Sanctorum and in Cap- grave. Notices more or less detailed are found in Simeon of Durham, William of Malmsbury, and other historians. Baronius and Mabillon have collected together most of the materials relating to the life of this great Anglo-Saxon writer. More recently, memoirs have been published by Mr. Stevenson, in his edition of the Ecclesiastical History, and by Henry Gehlc, in a separate work, entitled Dispu- tatio Historieo-Theologica de Bedaj Venerabilis, Presby- tcri An-rlo-Saxonis, Vita et Scriptis, Svo, Lug. Bat., 1838. The name in Anglo-Saxon was ISeda ; as in all words of this form, and names that have continued through many ages to be in people's mouths, the Anglo-Saxon termina- tion a became softened into the later English dumb e. The yy^rfe has been continued, because it is not incorrect, and because it is the most popular. Bede was born in 672 or 673, near the place where Be- nedict Biscop soon afterwards founded the religious house of Wearmouth, perhaps in the parish which is now called Monkton, and which appears to have been one of the ear- liest endowments of the monastery. As soon as he had reached his seventh yetir, Bede was sent to Wearmouth to profit by the teaching of Biscop, from which period to his death he continued to bo an inmate of that monastery. After the death of Benedict Biscop, Bede pursued his stu- dies under his successor Ceolfrid, and at the ago of nine- teen, about A.D. 692, was admitted to deacon's orders by John of Beverley, then newly restored to his see of Hex- ham ; and in his thirtieth year (702 or 703) he was or- dained to the priesthood by the same prelate. The early a^e at which Bede Received holy orders shows that ho was then already distinguishing himself by his learning and piety ; and there can be little doubt that his fame was widely spread before the commencement of the 8th cen- tury. At that period, according to the account which has been generally received, Bede was invited to Rome by Pope Sergius L, to advise with that pontift' on some diffi- cult points of church discipline. The authority lor this circumstance is a letter of the pope to Ceolfrid, expressing his wish to see Bede at Rome, which has been inserted by William of Malmsbury in his History of England. It seems, however, nearly certain that Bede did not go to Rome on this occasion; and reasons have been stated for supposing the whole story, as far as Bede was concerned in it, to be a misrepresentation. The remainderof Bede's life appears to have passed away in the tranquillity of study aud in pious exercises. He never separated himself from the monastery in which he had been educated, but composed within its walls the nu- merous books which have thrown so much lustre on his name. The larger portion of these works was probably written during the fifteen years preceding 731. His smaller treatise De Teinporilnis is supposed to have been composed about 701 or 702, and the book De Natura Rerum perhaps about the same time. Bede had finished the three books 1 of his Commentary on Samuel just before the death of Ceolfrid. i. e. in 716. The treatise De Temporum Ratione was composed in 726 ; the lives of the first Abbots of Wear- mouth and Yarrow were published about 716, or soon after; and in 731 was completed his most iiuportaut work, the Ecclesiastical History of the Anglo-Saxons. A narrative of Bede's last hours was written by his dis- ciple Cuthbcrt, and is still preserved. From this account it appears that the last works on which he employed his pen were a translation of the Gospel of St. John into An- glo-Saxon, and a collection of extracts from one of the works of Isidore. At the commencement of the month of April, 735, he was seized with a shortness of breathing, under which he languished till the 26th of May, suffering little pain, but pining away under the effects of his disease and the aliscnce of sleep. During this time be occupied himself day and night either in admonishing his disciples, or in prayer, or in repeating passages from the Scriptures and the fathers of the church, interspersing his observations from time to time with pieces of religious poetry in his native ton'^ue. On the 20th of May, the symptoms became more alarming, and it was evident that death was near at hand. During that day, he continued to dictate (probably BED BED the translntion of UiG Gospel of St. Jolin) to one of the younger meiiilters of the community, who acted as his scrihe ; ami he resumed the same work early the next morning, which was the Feast of the Ascension, or Holy Thursday, and he told his disciples to write diligently. This they did till nine o'clock, when they retired to per- form some of the religious duties peculiar to that day. One of them theu said to him, "Dearest master, one chapter still remains, and thou canst ill bear questioning." But Bede desired him to proceed, telling him to "take his pen and write hastily." At the hour of nones, (twelve o'clock,) Bede directed Cuthbert to fetch from his closet his spices and other precious articles, which he shared among the presbyters of the house, and begged that they would say masses and prayers for him after his death. He passed the remainder of the day in prayer and conversation, amid the tears of his companions, till evening, when his scribe again interrupted him, telling him that only one sentence of his work remained unfinished. Bede toM him to write, and he dictatol a few words, when the ynith exclaimed, "It is now done!" *' Thou hast said riglit," answered Bede, "it is done !" "Support my head with thy bands, for I desire to sit in my holy place where I am accustomed to pray, that sitting there I may call upon ray Father." And thus on the floor of his closet, chaunting the Gloria Patri, he had just strength to proceed to the end of the phrase, and died with the last words {Spiritui Sancto) on his lips. The date of Bede's death is accurately fixed in the year 735, by the circumstance that in that year the Feast of the Ascension fell upon the 27th of May. He was buried at Yarrow, and, according to William of Malmsbury, the fol- lowing epitaph was placed on his tomb ; "Presbyter hio IJede requiescat carne sepultus. Dona, Chviste, animam in coelis gaudere per eeviun; Daque illi sophi;e di^briari fonte, cui jam Suspiravit ovans intento semper amore." Bede has given us, at the conclusion of his Ecclesiastical History, the following list of the works which he had com- posed previously to that time, (a.d. 731.} 1. A commen- tary on Genesis, as far as the twenty-first chapter inclusive. Part of this work will be found in the editions of Bede's collected works; the rest was edited by Henry Wharton, in his collection of Tracts by Bede. 2. A treatise on the i tabernacle and its vessels, and on the vestments of the ' priests, in three books. 3. A commentary on the first ' thirty-one chapters of the first book of Samuel, (usque ad j mortem Saulis,) in three books. 4. The treatise de a^difi- | catione Templi. (an allegorical interpretation of the temple I of Solomon,') in two books. 5. Detached observations on i the books of Samuel and Kings. (In Rcgium librum xxx. ' questiones.) 6. A commentary on the Song of Solomon, | in seven books. 7- A commentary on the Proverbs of i Solomon, in three books. 8. Glosses on Isaiah, Daniel, the Twelve Prophets, and part of Jeremiah, extracted from , St. Jerome. 9. On Ezra and Nehemiah, in three books. 10. On the Song of Ilabacuc, in one book. 11. On the book of Tubit. (In Librura be.ati patris Tobite, explana- ! tiones allegoricre de Christo et eeclesia,) in one book. ! 12. Heads of readings, (capitiila lectionum.) on the Penta- ! teuch and on the books of Joshua and Judges. 13. A commentary in libros Regum et Verba dierum. 14. A | commentary on the book of Job. 15. On the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes. and the Song of Solomon. 16. On Isaiah, Ezra, and Nehemiah. 17. A commentary on the Gospel of St. Mark, in four books. 18. A commentary on St. Luke, in six books. 19. Homilies on the Gospel, in two books. 20. A compilation from St. Augustine — In Apos- tolum qujpcunque in opusculis sancti Augustini exposita inveni, cuneta per ordinem transcribere curavi. 21. A commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, in two books. ' 22. Commentaries on the seven Catholic Epistles. 23. A i commentary on the Apocalypse, in two books. 24. Heads of readings on the whide of the New Testament, with the exception of the Gospels. 25. A book of Epistles addressed to various persons. These Epistles were in fact tracts ad- ' dressed to his friends on the following subjects: On the six Ages of the World, (do sex cetatibus saeculi;) on the Man- sions of the Cliildreu of Israel; on the words of Isaiah, i Et claudentur ibi in carcerem, et post dies multos visita- I buntur. (Isa. xxiv. 22 ;) on the Bissextile ; on the Equinox, I according to Anatolius. The second and third of these j tracts are lost. 26. The life of St. Felix, compiled in prose ' from the metrical life by Paulinus. 27. A corrected edition of the Life of St. Anastasius, which had been inaccurately , translated from the Greek. (Librum vitjc et passionis eancti Anastasii, male de Graeco translatum, et pejus a quodam imperito emendatum, prout potui, ad sensum cor- rcxi.) 28. The life of St. Cuthbert, written fir^t in verse, and afterwards in prose. 29. The history of the Abbots of Wearniouth and Yarrow. 30. The Ecclesiastical His- tory. 31. A Martyrology. 32. Hymns, in vari!sp'^r. Rcv.,Ki^. 250-2S0. ' , qV/'o f'^r,''"^, °''' "■"'"'' ^"""^ criticism, and pub. Lon., 1818, 8vo A Reply to the Quarterly Review ; a produc- tion which is condemned by Rev. J. W. Whitaker as '•An inteniperate pamphlet, full of the strangest and most glai- ing inconsistencies." See also Lon. Quar. Rev., sxiii 2S7-.-i'>5 " M^.^^ hitaker hasexposed the falsehood of many of Mr HelKmv'a assertions, and his ignorance of the Hebrew langiia-e "—I „wm,f.s Seldom has a poor author been so berated. "The Eclectic Reviewers declared that the appropriate title would be "The Iloly Bible perverted from the original Hebrew by .John Bellamy. - ■' " And Mr. Orme is as little complimentary in the assur- ance that .^'A^' ^'^".'""y i' """"S fhe most, arrogant of all translators, and his version the most absurd of all translations. His work is a strange hodge-podge of error, confidence. misrepre.sentati,.n, and RiKHc,?l^"V'' '?."'! valuable writers in all the departments of Biblical literature. — Btbl. Bib. History of All Religions. New and enlarged ed., Lon.. 1813, 12mo. The Ophion. 4c., Lon., 1811. Svo Bellamy, Joseph, D.D., 1719-1790, a native of Connecticut. True Religion Delineated, 1750. The Na- ture and Glory of the Gospel. Letters and Dialogues be- tween Theron, Paulinas, and Aspasio upon the Nature of Love to God, Faith in Christ, .and Assurance of a Title to Eternal Life, 1761, 12mo. Works in 3 vols 1811- since in 2 vols., by the Boston Tr.act and Book Society, Svo' "Mr. Bellamy is an original and striking writer, but taking the harcJer features of religion, without the winning and lovin- grace of the gospel. He .s useful in showing the danger of Antiiromian pei^ersious There is great decisiveness, imirking the confidence of a man who feels the truth."— Bickeksteth tbl'.i'',V''^'''"i'' '""'"■'''••ite the truths of the gospel, and to trace them thnmgh all connections and dependencies, and to impress them on th.3 conscience and heart, has been possessed by few '• • 1 he author s leading object is to discriminate between the law and the gospel, and to define and illustrate the duties which they respectively require. Vie hope the circulation of this work wiU be .-IS extensive .as the contents are interesting and imiiorlanl, and that students of divinity, especially, will avail themselves of the information which it contains."— A'canyeiictii Mag Bellamy, Thomas. A Caveat to Kings, Princes, and Prelates, not to trust to a set of pretended Protestants of Integrity ; showing that it is impossible to be Presby- terians and not Rebels, Lon., 1662. Svo. Bellamy is an assumed name; see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon , iv 139 Bellamy, Thomas, 1745-1800, the projector of The Monthly Mirror, was for 20 years a hosier in London. He pub. The Friends, 1789, Svo. Miscellanies, 1795, 2 vols. Svo. Sadaski, or the Wandering Penitent, 1798, 2 vols. 12mo. " A novel in Dr, Hawkesworth's manner, and possessing consi- derable ninnt, ° Bellamy, William. Records in the Crown Office. Bellas, George. Sermon, 1774-79, 4to. Bellenilen, .Sir, or Dr., John. See Ballenden. Bellenden, William, more generally known by hia Latin name of Gulielmus Bellendenus. a native of .Scot- land, humanity professor at P.aris in 1602. — Dempster James VL appointed him Magister Supplicum Libellorum' 1. e. Reader of Petitions. He resided chiefly at Paris. In 1608 he pub. Ciceronis Princeps ; an exposition of the duties of a ruler, illustrated by the precepts of Cicero ■ to this piece is prefixed De Processu et Scriptoribus Rei Poli- tic. In 1612 was pub. his Ciceronis Consul .Senator Senatusque Rom.anus; to the 2d ed. of this dissertation, pub. in 1616, was appended the Liber de Statu Prisci Orbis. " The first two books .are. in a general sense, political ; the last relates entirely to the Roman polity, but builds much political precept on this, Bellenden seems to have taken a more compr.^ hensive view of history in his tjrst book, and to have reflected more philosophically on it than perhaps any one had done before- at least, I do not remember any work of so early an a-e which re^ minds me so much of Tico and the (iiandenr et Decadence of Montesquieu. We can hardly make an exception for Bodin. be- cau.se the 8cot is so much more regularly historical, and so much more concise. The first book contains little more than forty pa-es Bellenden's learning is considerable, and without that pedantry of quotation which makes most books of the age intolerable. The latter parts have less originality and reach of thought," — Ilatlam's Lit. Mid. Ages. The three treatises were reprinted at London in 1787 with a Latin preface, by Dr. Samuel Parr ; in this preface' Parr celebrates Burke, Fox, and Lord North as "the three English himinaries in oratory and polities." The idea was suggested by Bellenden's De Tribus Luminibus Romanorum. a piece originally intended to eulogize Cice- ro. Seneca, and Pliny. Only the first part of this, that relating to Cicero, appeared at Paris. 1634. folio, (one copy, 1634;) Bellenden having died before he had time to arrange his papers relating to the otlier two. From 161 BEL BEL this work Conyers Middleton is charged by Wharton, in his Essay ou Pope, (ii. p. 324,) to have token the idea of writing Cicero's history in his own words, and also to have taken the whole arrangements adopted, without acknow- ledgment, by himself. L»r. Parr, in the preface referred to, repeats the same charge. Of this piece Mr. Uallam remarks : "Th>_' celebrated prefaco of the editor has had the effect of eclipsing the original author; Parr was constantly read and talked of; iielleuden never." Mr. Be Quincey hardly permits even Parr's Preface to escape his wholesale castigation of the ** Birmingham Doctor." " Not one work of Dr. Parr's is extant which can, without iJiutihter. assume that important name. The preface to Hellenden is. after all. by much the weightiest and most regular composition, and the least of a fugitive tract. Yet this is but a jeii d'csprit, or classji.al prolusion. And we believe the case to be une.xanipled, thai upon so slender a basis, a man of the world, and n-puted a mail of sense, slmuld si,-t up for an author. Well nii^ht the author of the rui>uits of Literature (1797) demand— * M'hat has Dr.-Parr writtt-n ':' A s.-iun.u ur two, rather long; a Latin preface to Bel- lendenus, (rather long, too.) consisting of a cento of Latin and Greek expressions applied to political subjects, &c." — Pliilosophiad Writers. But Dr. Irving considers this celebrated Preface to be worthy of high praise : " It is written in a style of elegant and powerful Latinity. but is too much n-plonished with modern politics, and. in the opinion of some readers, is not free from a considerable mixture of pe- dantry. It is, however, such a composition as no other English- man of that period could perhaps have produced." — Encyc. Brit. And why not? All extravagance, whether in praise or censure, is pretty sure to be incorrect. The Preface gave rise to several attacks; Remarks, &e., 1787; Animadver- sions, Ac, 17S8; The Parriad, by Chapman, 1788 j An Epistle, Ac. Be]lers,Fettiplace. Delineation of Universal Law; being an abstract of an Essay towards deducing the ele- ments of Universal Law, from the principles of knowledge and nature of things, in five books. 1. Of Books in general. 2. Of Private Law. 3. Of Criminal Law. 4. Of the Law of Magistracv. 5. Of the Law of Nations, Lon., 1740, 4to; 2d ed., 1754. *' This is a very curious production. It can hardly be called a book, being merely a table of the contents of a proposed treatise, and containing nothing but the heads, of divisions under which Bellers proposed to write a work on Universal Law. The author spent twenty years in studying his subject and maturing his plan. It is with a feeling of regret, mingled with something like re- pr'iacli. that we find the labours of twenty years so wasted, and nlli.t iipnii the great expenditure of time and diligence that has bf-'u ilislitute of any useful result." — Marvin's Ler/a I Bill. But are twenty years' intellectual entertainment, and habits of mental discipline, and acquisition of useful knowledge, to be counted for nothing? In 17o9 Mr. Bel- lers pub. a treatise, (in 4to,) The Ends of Society. Bellers, Fiilk. Funeral Scrmmi on J. Lamotte, Esq., Aid. of London, Lon., 1656, 4to, with portrait by Faith- orne. Belters, John, a Political Economist; author of Proposals for Raising a College of Industry for all u.seful Trades and Husbandry, Lon., 1696. 4to. ' Essays about the Poor. Manufactures, Trade. Plantation, and immoral- ity, 16119, 4to. Some reasons for our European State, Lon., 1710, 4to. An Essay towards the Improvement of Physic, in Twelve Books, with an Essay for employing the Poor, Lon., 1714, 4to. An E.ssay for Employing the Poor to profit, L()n., 1723, 4to. An Epistle to W.'Priends, concerning the Prisons, and Sick in the Prisons and Hos- pitals of Great Britain, Lon., 1724, 4to. Abstract of George Fox's Advice and Warning to the Magistrates concerning the Poor, Lon., 1724, 4to. The philanthropic character of Mr. Bellers is indicated by the subjects which engaged his pen. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Bellew, Robt. 1. Trafalgar. 2. Irish Peasantry, 1806-I)S. Bellewe, Richard. Legal Compilations, etc, 1585, 4c. Los Aus du Roy Richard lo Second, Lon., 1585, 8vo. This book forms a substitute fur the year book of that reign, which is wholly omitted. Bellinster, Charles. Thanksgiving after Rebellion; a Sermon on Ps. Ixxv. 1, 1746, 8vo. BeUinsor, F, A Medical Work, Lon., 1717, 8vo. Bellin;;;hani, O'B. On Aneurism, and its Treat- ment by Compression, Lon., 12rao. '• In our opinion, he has conferred a signal benefit upon the art of surgery, by his improvement of the mode of employing pres- Bure, and upon the s.-ii-n.-e bv bis ingeni'-us and phib.sophical ex- pnsirion of its ()i>fr.'tti..n."— /,o». Mxiirrt-CJarur. Rpvirw. Bellington, Thomas, Sermon, 1718, 8vo. ■ Bellon, Peter, Mock Duellist, Lon., 1675, 4to, Ac. Irisli Sj.aw. Ac, Dub., 1084, Svo. Belmeis, or Beanme-s, Richard de, I., Bishop of London, consecrated 1108, is said by Tanner to have written a treatise in verse, addressed to Henry I. The MS. was in the Monastery of Peterborough. Belmeis, or Beaumes, Richard de, II., Bishop of London, consecrated in 1151, is mentioned by Robert Gale as the author of Codex Niger, or Black Book of the Exchequer. Belmeys, John, Joannes Eboracensis, or John of York, of the 12th century, is said by Bale and Pits to have written 32 Letters to Thomas Becket, An Invective against the same, and certain Elegant Orations j Lcland mentions Aurea Joannia Eboracensis Historia, but is un- certain whether this John of York is the same with our author. Indeed, Leland "could not find any thing cer- tainly written" by Belmeys. Beloe, Rev.'William, 1756-1817, was the son of a tradesman of Norwich. After spending some time under the care of the celebrated Dr. Parr at Stanmore, he en- tered Bcne't or Corpus Cbristi, Cnliege, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1779. Removing to Lon- don, in conjunction with Mr. Nares, he established the British Critic, as an organ of what are styled high-church, i. e. loyal and conservative, principles, in opposition to the dangerous dogmas of the sympathizers with the French Revolution. In 1796 he was presented to the rec- tory of AUhallows, London-wall. In 1797 Bishop Pretty- man collated him to a stall in Lincoln Cathedral ; and in 1805 Bishop Portous to one in St. Paul's. In 18U4 he was appointed one of the assistant librarians to the Bri- tish Museum. Mr. Beloe's publications are the following; An Ode to Miss Boscawen, 4to, 1783. Trans, of the Rape of Helen, with notes, 4to, 178tj. Poems and Translations, Svo, 1788. The History of Herodotus, from the Greek, with notes, 4 vols. Svo, 1799. Trans, of Alciphron's Epistles, 1791. Trans, of the Attic Nights of Aulus Gel- lius, 1795. " An excellent and the only translation of a difficult and in- structive author." — IIarwood. " The Commonplace Book of an elegant scholar, and the most amusing miscellany of antiquity, containing anecdotes and argu- ments, scraps of history, pieces of pot-try. and dissertations on various points in philosophy, geometry, and grammar — all just as noted down at Athens, in the 2d century after Christ." Miscellanies, 3 vols. 12mo, 1795. Trans, of the Ara- bian Nights' EntertJiinments, from the French, 4 vols. 12nio. Joseph, from the French of M. Bitaube, 2 vols. 12mo. A Fast Sermon, 1804. Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books, 6 vols. Svo, pub. 1806-12. Brief Me- moirs of the Leaders of the French Revolution. Mr, Beloe was one of the authors of the Biographical Dic- tionary, 15 vols, 8vo, in which he was assisted by Messrs. Tooke, Morrison, and Nares. He also contributed several articles to the Gentleman's Magazine, and many to the British Critic, of which he was the editor. After the de- cease of Mr. Beloe appeared The Sexagenarian, or the Memoirs of a Literary Life, 2 vols. Svo, 1817, written by Mr. B., and edited by a friend. This work contains many amusing anecdotes of the author's literary contemporaries, and the freedom of his strictures is remarkable. Mr. Lowndes condemns it in no measured terms : "These volumes for presumption, mis-statement, and maljf;nity have rarely been exceeded, or even equalled." In the next year, ISIS, a 2d edit, appeared, in which many passages of the 1st were omitted. Mr. B.'s trans, of Herodotus has been commended by M. Larcher, wlioso knowledge of the original will hardly be disputed. Beloe drew both from this author's researches, and from the late discoveries in Africa. Classical critics are too apt to de- spise modern illustrations of ancient lore. " A very valuable and elaborate performance. The language of the traiislatinn is smooth and elegant; nor will any but the fasti- dious ciiiio, \\ ho is often condemned to the drudgery of weij^bing wtiidsaiHl nuasuring sentences, complain that it is not sufficiently liteial. We must, however, remark that, though in general de- serving of the highest praise, we think that Mr. U. has been more ditTuse and paraphrastical than was necessary; but this is a tri- tling defect, and let it be remembered, that no translation can be close, and. at the same time, elegant. In publishing this edition of Herodotus, it is easy to perceive that the translator has spared no labour. His work is enriched with a variety of learned and amusing notes. Wesseling and Larcher, indeed, suppUed him with much useful information and critical sagacity, but a great many facts, anecdotes, parallels, and illustrations, have been dili- gently collected frnni ancient writers, modern travels, Ac. The work. therefM'e, if Wf mistake not, will be found very complete, and will prove a trcjisure of historical knowledge to readers of every description.'" — Ana} i/f icnl lifvinv. "The translation is held in very gi-eat esteem, and is justly considered the best we have of this important histoi-iau, and very BEL highly creditable to the tilents of Mr. Beloe, thouirh, as a trans- I;ttor, he too frequently losfs sijrht of his author: it is illustrated with some very excellent selections of notes. whii;h are partly ori- ^'injil and partly taken from the writinps of Major llennell. the U(jt+'s r.f Larrher, and other valuable publications." — Muss's Classi- cal Bthliography. The Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books is a very valuable store-house of Bibliographical matter. It has now itself become a "Scarce Book," and tlie Biblio- grapher should not fail to secure a copy when the chance occurs — which is seldom. The Anecdotes had the great advantage of the careful revision and corrections of that eminent judge of books, the Bishop of Ely, who died be- fore the 0th volume was published. Ttio libraries and the literary aid of the Marquis of Stafford, the Bishop of Rochester. Mr. Barnard, Mr. Douce. Mr. John Kemble, Mr. Malone, Mr. Chalmers, Mr. Waft, and Mr. Nares, were placed at the service of Mr. Beloe whilst engaged in the preparation of this work. " A work replete with entertainment and instruction." — Lon. Gent. Mag. '• A work containing much bibliographical information, and ex- tntL-ts ft-om curious works." — Lowndes. Mr. Beloe lost his situation at the British Museum in consequence of the thieving propensities of a wretch whom he had permitted to examine some of the books and draw- ings belonging to the library. See his account of this unfortunate atlair in Preface to the Aneciiotes. (Copied in Gent's. Mag., 1817, Part i.) We extract a few lines : " A man was introduced at the Museum, with the sanction of the most respectable recommendation. I mention not his name ^the wounds of his own conscience must be so severe a punish- ment that 1 shall not increase his suffeiings. ... He proved to be dishonest; he purloined valuable property which was in my cus- tody, and it was thou*j:ht that the good governmentrjf the'insti- tution required my dismissal." Belsham, James. Canadin. Lon., 1760, 4to. Belsham, Thomas, 1750-1829, the son of a dissent- ing minister at Bedford, embraced in 1789 the Unitarian opinions of Dr. Priestley, whom he succeeded as minister at Hackney when Priestley removed to America. The Unitarian Society for Promoting Christiiin Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue was founded at the suggestion of Mr. Belsham. Mr. B. pub. many occasional sermons. A number of his Discourses Doctrinal and Practical were pub. in 2 vols.; also Discourses on the Evidence of the Christian Religion; Elements of Logic and Mental Philo- sophy; A Calm Review of the Scripture Doctrine con- cerning the Person of Christ, including a brief Review of the Controversy between Dr. Ilorsley and Dr. Priestley, Lon., 1811, 8vo; Memoirs of the late T. Lindsey, &c., Lon., 1812. 8vo; A Review of American Unitarianism, im., 2d edit., 1815, 8vo; A Review of Mr. Wilberforce's Trea- tise; this work was noticed by Rev. Andrew Fuller, and in the Appendix to Dr. Magce's Discourses on the Atone- ment; Letters to the Bishop of London, in Vindication of the Unitarians, Lon., 1815, 8vo. " Mr. Belsham seems to be as deeply infected as any man with the itch for writing. Seldom a year passes without 'his seiidin- forth two or three treatises. What degree of circulation these may obtain among his partizans, we have no means of knowing; but certainly, as to the public at large, they tall nearly still-born from the press. ... He has shewn, as is customary with him. some adroitness in misunderstanding and perverting expressions." — Loii. QwirUrly Rrview. Mr. B. had an important share in the New Testament in an Improved Version, upon the basis of Abp. Newcome's New Translation, with Notes Critical and Explanatory, Lon., ISOS, 8vo. '* It pretends to be placed upon the basis of Abp. Newcome's, by which it is basely insinuated that the primate was a SocinLin. Kothing can be more feilse. Abp. Xewcomes translation is strictly orthodox on all the great points relating to the divinity and atone- ment of Christ." — LuwN'DES. " Evidently prepared by persons without sufficient scholarship for any re:il improvement." — Rose's Biog. Diet. ■' It mangles and misrepresents the original test, perverts the meaning of its most important terms, and explains away all that is valuable in the doctrinal system of Christianity."— Orme. The Improved Version was also reviewed by Archbp. Lawrence, Dr. Nares, Rev. T. Rennell, Chas. Danberry, John Bevan, and Robert Halley. See Lowndes's Brit. Librarian, p. 219. The Epistles of Paul the Apostle translated ; with an Exposition and Notes, 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. ■' This is one of the most elaborate performances on the Bible which for many years have issued from the Unitarian press. Mr. Belsham has been long known as one of the chief leaders of that party in EngLand. and as one of the principal authors of the Im- proved Version of the New Testament. The ti-anslation of the Epistles of Paul is constructed on the visionary scheme of inter- pretation of Dr. Taylor of Xorwich. The tendency of the work is to subvert all those sentiments respectin-.: sin which are calcu- lated to affect the mind with pain, and those views of the Deity and atonement of Christ which are fitted to afford relief. Mr. BEL Belsham uses great freedom with the readings of the original text, and still greater with the principles of euli-htened interpretation. He shows rather what the New Testament siioudl be in the opinion of a.Socinian, than what it really is. The work is full of erroneous doctrines, incorrect learning, allected candour, and forced interpre- tation."— Ornic's Bihl. B"ce which had been better if some of the instances had been avr>i(t._'d, and the plan more fully completed in a single volume." — BopDr-iPGE. '■The title would mislead ns as to the nature of the contents, the word nratory beint; used in the sense of a place for meditation and prayer." Fourteen Sermons on the Inspiration of the Holy Scrip- tures, 1730, Svo. " This book should have a distinguished place in the library of every theolofrical student, fir few books of its size contain a more abundant treasure of divine doctrine." — BoouE. Bennet, Christopher, 1617-1655. an English phy- Bician, was educaterl at Lincoln College, Oxford. He cor- rected and enlarged Dr. Moufet's Health Improvement, Lon., 1655, 4to, and puh. a medical treatise in Latin, under the name of Benedictus, entitled Theatri Talndorum Vesti- bulum seu Excercitationes Dianoetica?, &q., Lon., 1654, 4to. He left several Latin works in manuscript. Bennet, Georj^e, at one time a Dissenting minister, subsequently in the Church of Scotland. lie puh. a work against "a pretence of Reform," Lon., 1796, 8vo; also 01am Haneshemoth, or a View of the Intermediate State, as it appears in the Records of the Old and New Testa- ments, the Apocryphal Books, in Heathen Authors, the Greek and Latin Fathers. Lon., 1801, Svo. "It is a work of various erudition and deep research. And a reader must be very learned who finds not much in it to instruct him: very dull, if he is not deliichted with the inpenuity that is displayed even in those parts in which he may see reason to doubt the solidity of the author's argument, and the truth of his inter- pretations: and very captious, if, in a variety of novel expositions, many of which he may think inadmissible, he finds any thing to give him offence." — Ktsuor Horslev. Also commended by Orme. Bennet, H, Treasury of Wit : being a methodical Selection of about twelve hundred, of the best. Apophthegms and Jests ; from Books in several Languages, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon.. 1786. Bennet, Henry, Trans, of a Life of Luther, Ac, Lon., 1561, Svo. Bennet, Henry, EaH of Arlington, 1618-1685. Let- ters to Sir Wm. Temple, 1665-70, Lun., 1701, 2 vols. Svo. Bennet, Hon. Henry Grey. Letter to the Com- mon Council of London. 1818. Con. to Trans. Geol. Sue, ISn. '14. Bennet, James. Star of the West, Lon., 1813, 12mo. In conjunction with David Bogue. History of the Dissent- ers, 1689-180S, 3 vols. Svo, 1809; 1812 in 4 vols., and since in 2 vols. " A bias in favour of Dissenters, and bitter against Churchmen." — BiCKERSTETfi. Bennet, James, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1787. Bennet, John. Madriganstof.Nornian trouvere. faith- ful to the taste of his age. has turned the lirecian ami Trojan heroes into medieval knights and barons. ... It contains nearly tliirty thousand lines. It is a heavy and dull pncm, and possesses little interest at the present day : although it abounds in those repeated descriptions of warfare which constituted the great beauty of such productions in the twelfth century."— WV'S'f. There is a complete MS. of the Roman do Troye in the Harleian Collection, No. 44S2. A MS. is in the Library of St. Mark at Venice, extracts from which are printed by Keller, in his Romvart, p. 86. These are the only works known to have liecn written by Benoit. Tyrwhitt ascribes to him a Life of Becket, in i Anglo-Norman verse, hut M. de la Rue and Mr. Wright decide this to be the production of a later Benoit. M. de la Rue believed him to be the antlior of a soug on the Crusade, at the end of the ILarleian MS. containing bis chronicle. But the learned Mr. Thomas \Yright proves this opinion to be erroneous. Beiise, Peter. Anglo-diaphora Trium Linguarum Gall., Itnl., et Hispah. Ac, 0.\f., lfi.17. Svo. Benson, Miss. 1. The Wile. 2. The Contrast, 1810-15. Benson, Christopher, Preb. of Worcester. Chro- nology of our Saviour's Life, Ac, Camb., LSI 9, ,8vo. Hul- sean°Lectures for 1820. Twenty Discourses preached be- fore the University of Cambridge. Camb., 1820, Svo. Of these much-esteemed discourses many editions have been published. Hulsean Lectures for 1 822. On Scripture Dif- ficulties; Twenty Discourses, Camb., 1822, Svo,2dcd., 1S25. '■ The proofs and duties of Christianity have been enforced by Mr. Benson with a power, an earnest n.'ss. and an unction, which they who heiird the preacher will be thankful f t while they live; and which in the perusal must t.i ev.ry hciltlilnl loiiid commu- nicate s.atisfaction, profit, and d.-light ; and may carry healing and comfort to the diseased one."— ion. Qimrlnhj Rrriew. Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 24, 25, [Trinity House, Dcptford,] Lon., 1826, 4to. Discourses upon Tradition and Episco- pacy, preached at the Temple Church. 2d ed., Lon., 1839, Svo. Discourses upon the powers of the Clergy, Prayers for the Dead, and the Lord's Supper, preached at the Tem- ple Cliurch, Lon., 1841, Svo. Benson, G. Oaths and Swearing, 1699, 4to. Benson, George, D.D., 1699-1763, an English Dis- senting minister of considerable learning, a native of Cum- berland, England, studied at the University of Glasgow. He was the author of a number of theological works, pub. 172.5-61. We notice some of the principal. A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, and the seven Catholic Epistles of Peter, .James, and .John, Lon., 1734, 4to ; best edit. 2 vols. 4to, 1752-56. This was preceded by a Speci- men, being a Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistle to Phi- lemon, 1731, 4to. The work is on the plan pursued by John Locke, of making St. Paul his own eNpositor by illus- trative references to various portions of his writings. It has been highly commended. " Locke. Pierce, and Benson make up a complete commentary on the Epistles; and are. indeed, .all in the number of the most inge- nious commentators I have ever read. They plainly thou..;ht very closely, and attended much to cimnection. which they have often set in a most clear view. But they all err in t..o ..-ivat a fondness for new interpretations, and in supposing tb.> ii.-si'_'o of t lie apostles less general than it seems to have been. It iiuist be allowed that Benson illustrates the spirit of Paul sometimes in an admir,ablo manner, even beyond any foi-mer writer. See especially his Epis- tle to I'hilemon."" — Da. DoDDRine.K. '■ This work is a continuation of Locke's attempt to illustrate the 166 BEN EnisUes. and. with Pierce's work, completes the design. Benson pos.Srsed considerable learning, but no great portion of genius. He was certainlv inferior in taste and acumen to his two coadju- nrs but still "his labours are entitled to respect, !^ome of his essays, inserted in the commentaries, contain iiiiport.^nt mfornia^ ti.mon the points on which they treat. Ills theological sen ments were Arim verging to Soclutin ; on this account all his writings to be read with caution. His Paraphrase on Jiiuies was require Sb^'SuuSuC" ^HaS:^ iTJfr Ti;; 'i^.i:,^ln,My<^ol. the labours of Locke. Pierce, and Benson, and mentions with re- spect many others of the British commentaries. To this Latin ver- sioii Slichaelis hHS added many valuable notesof his own."-OEME. ■ History of the First Planting of Christianity, taken Irom the Acts "of the Apostles and their Epistles, 173o, 2 vols. 4to: best edit, 1756, 3 vols. 4to. ■■ Thou.'h this work does not profess to be a harmony of the Acts of the Apostles and of the Epistles, it may justly be considered as one BeSes illustrating the histoi-j- of the Acts, throughout, and most of the Epistles, by a view of the history of the times, the occ.asions of the several Epistle.s, and the state of the churches to which they were addressed, the learned author has incorporatai a piraphi astical abstract of these Kpistt ■der of time when truth of the Chris- in the thev'were written: and has. al.so c'stablisbed the . » j tian religion on a numberof facts, the most public, important and icoiite table. It is. indeed, a most valuable help to he study of Jhe Epistles: but it is to be regretted that its scarcity renders it flcopQ^ilile to few " — T II. IIorne. . ■' Though but "a dull book, it is full of important in.atter, and is of great service in explaining many parts of the book of Acts. It displays very considerable research, a great portion of candour, and an accurate acquaintance with the tacts ot the .Tewish and Roman history which relate to the Christians during the first age of Chns- tianity."- Orme. . _ ,. . . t The Reasonableness of the Christian Religion, &e., Lon., 1743 Svo and 1746, 4to, and 3d ed., 1759, 2 vols. This is an answer to Dodwell's pamphlet. Christianity not founded in Argument, Lon.. 1742, Svo. Doddridge, Lcland, Mole, Cookscy. and others also answered Dodwell. Bishop W at- son reiuarks of Benson's reply : '■ The author not onlv advances many arguments m proof of the truth of the Chiistiaii jteligion. but obvi.ates in a familiar way the chief (ibiections of the .\nti-ievelationlsts." _ ,.„,,. The History of the Life of Jesus Christ, Ac, 1764, 4to. '■ In this woi'k Dr. Benson discovers much attention to many minute particulars in the history of .lesus, but the principles of his creed prevented him from doing justice to his subject. Ihe work is divided into fifteen chapters, and is accompanied with an appendix containing seven dissertations."— Orme. This work was left in an incomplete state. bee Lon. Congregational Magazine for July, 1833. ^ ^ Benson, Joseph, 174S-1S21. was a Methodist minis- ter of considerable note. He edited a Commentary on the Scriptures, embodying the views of mony Bililieal critics, among whom Jolin Wesley occupies a prominent place. This work was pub. in 5 vols. 4to, Lon., 1811-18; several subsequent editions. ,, j c ■ " An elaborate and very useful commentary on the sacred Scrip- tures, which (independently of its practical tendency) possesses the merit of compressing into a comparatively small compass the substance of what the piety and learning of tbrmer ages bave ad- vanced, in order to facilitate the study of the Bible. Its l.ite learned author was particularly ri/, Dec. 15, 1739. See Nichols's Lite- I rary Anecdotes, and Ppence's Anecdotes. Benson, William, of St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Ob- servations on the Impropriety of interfering with the In- ternal Policy of other States. In a Letter addressed to The Rt. Hon. Henry Addington, &c., Lou., 1S02, 8vu. " A censure on the conduct of om" news-papers for their abnse of the chief Consul of France; eked out with the fag end of an old sermon, in which the minister is instructed in the nature of baptism, and on other points with wliich Mr, Benson (we hope) is better acquainted than with politics.'" — Lfm. MonUily Ihvicw. Bensted, John. Resources of the Brit. Empire, 1812. Bent, J. Life and DeathofLd. Jeffries, Lon., 1693, Svo. Bent, J. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1774. Bent, Thomas. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1^98. Bent, William. Lists of Publications, Slc, Lon., 17119. iness of the greatest uimiber,' I then saw delineated for the first time [in I'riestleys pamphlet] a plain, as well as a true, standard for whatever is right or wrong, useful, useless, or mischievous in human conduct, whether in the field of morals or politics." But the questions immediately occur — AVhat is to be the definition of the greatest happiness ? Is it happiness for time or for eternity that should be man's great object? Do not men's actions continually prove thiit, unassisted by Revelation, they are equally incapable of judging what is* their true happiness, and of pursuing it when known ? If a supposed utility, rather than a fixed principle, is to direct action, men must judge what utility is, and there may be as many opinions as there are judges; — all cannot be right, and all may be wrong; but obedience to the re- vealed will of God must in all cases be safe and profitable. Is it to be supposed, then, that the Supreme Being has left his creatures under the constant necet^ity of action, and has given them no means save their own wild conjectures, BEN BEN of ascertaining either what will please their Creator, or promote their own happiness ? Nothing, indeed, more conclusively proves the necessity of a Revelation, than the crude conjectures and childish fallacies, the baseless pre- mises and lame and impotent conclusions, of philosophi- cal and moral speculators, from Socrates to Voltaire, from Zeno to Bentham. Jonathan Dym<:iDd, with the simple Word of God as his weapon, can discomfit a host of such "philosophers, "and put "to flight all the armies of the alien." Mr. Bentham's first publication was A Fragment on Government ; being an Examination of what is delivered on the Subject in Blaekstone's Commentaries, Lou.. 1776, 8vo. This work, he tells us, was prompted by *'a passion for improvement in those shapes in whith the lot of man is meliorated by it." Thiswas published anonymously. The Lon. Monthly Review indignantly remonstrated upon the writer's treatment of Blackstone : '- We cannot avoid expressing our disj^ust at the severity with which the justly admired Commentator is treated in the critique now before us. In order to conv ict him of obscurity and inaccuracy, this unimi/mous Writer has taken much pains — it must be owned, with some ingenuity — to analyze those passatjcs in the introduc- tion to his work which treat of the subject of Government in g,ene- ral : and has scrutinized every word and idea with a deirree of rigour, which few even of the most admired writers would be able to endure. ... In wbat the author advances concerning the Bri- tish constitution, he controverts, with a mixture of ariiument and raillery, many popular opinions; with what success we shall not at present undertake to di^termine." His View of the Hard Labour Bill appeared in 1778, and the Principles of Morals and Legislation in 17S0. The Defence of Usury was pub. in 17S7. " If we mistake not, this tract will furnish Rround for many ample discussions, that will, we hope, terminate in the emancipat- ing the human mind from many great errors that capitally in- fluence the business of human life. . . . Vi'e view it as a pclitical gem of the finest water, that requii*es only to be examined with attention in order to be admired." — Lon. Monthb/ Rpview. " A work unanswered and unanswerable ; and not less admira- bly reasoned than happily expressed." — Elinburgh Ri'venK "Perhaps the best specimen of the exhaustive discussion of a moral or political question, leaving no objection, however feeble, unanswered, and no difficulty, however small, unexplained: re- markable, also, for Ihi;' clearness and spiiit "f the style, for the full exposition whicb suits them to all iiitrllij-.nt readers, for the ten- der and skilful hand with which prrjuiiii-c is touched, and for the urbanity of his admirable apology for projectors," — Sir James Mackintosh. The Principles of Morals and Legislation was pub. in 1789, (printed in 1780.) and in the next year he communi- cated a plan of making convicts useful, in his Panopticon, or the Inspection House. Two years later he puli. Truth versus Ashurst, Ac, and in 1795 Supply without Burthen, or Escheat I'jVe Taxation ; to which he prefixed his Protest against Law Taxes. " It appears to us that this Kssay is a hasty and undigested per- formance, and that it required mrire consideration than the author has bestowed on it." — Lon. M-ndhhi Ririew. The same periodical had remarked nf the Principles of Morals and Legislation, that Mr. Bentham, " Like many other men of great and comprehensive minds here seems to haveeniraged in a pursuit too extensive, pfrbaps. for the powers of any individual of the human race to execute with pre- cision and propriety." Mr. Bentham's principal work was first published in French in 1802. It is entitled Traitosde Legislation Civile et Penale ; precf'des de Principes Generaux de Legislation, et d'une Vue d'un Corps complet de Droit: termincs par un Essai sur I'influence des Terns et des Lieux relative- ment anx Lois, Paris, an. x.. 1S02. This work was trans- lated into French by M. Dumimt "d'aprt-s les Manuscrits confi^s par I'Auteur." We shoxdd not omit to nntiee Mr. R. Hildreth's translation of this work into Eugli.-erturbability united with the keenest feeling: such are his qualities. . . . "When he had exaniinedall these wrecks of Gothic Law. and collected his materials, he applied himself to the con- struction of a systematic plan of civil and criminal law, founded entirely upon reason, and having for its object the happiness of the human race.'' Dr. Parr, a small man with a great name — a man ridicu- lously overrated — perhaps overpraises Bentham as much as Bi.shop Butler overpraises Parr: "Dr. Parr considered Jeremy Bentham as the wisest man of his time, whose powerful and penetrating mind had anticipated the improvements of coming ages, and who. on the all-important sub- ject of Jurisprudence has discovered and collected knowledge, which will scarcely find its way to the great mass of human intel- lect, perhaps through the course of another century." — Field's Life of Parr, vol. ii.. p. 203. '■ In Jeremy Bentham the world has lost the great teacher and patriot of his time: the man who. of all men who were living on the day of his death, has exercised and is exercising over the for- tunes of mankind the widest and most durable influence. . . . There are some most important branches of the science of law which were in a more wretched state than almost any of the others when he took them in hand, and which he has so exhausted, that he seems to have left nothing to be .sought by future inquirers; we mean the departments of procedure, evidence, and the judicial establish- ment.'" — Lovdiyti Extimiun: The Traitcs de Legislation Civile et Penale was reviewed at length by Lord Jeffrey in the Edinburgh Review: "The plan' which Mr. Bentham has chalked out for himself in this undertJiking. is more vast and comprehensive, we believe, than was ever ventured upon before by the .amldtion of any one indi- vidual. It embraces almost every thing that is important in the science of human nature, and not only touches upon .all the hit^her questions of government and legislation, but includes most of the abstract principles of ethic.s and metaphysics, and professes to de- lineate those important rules by which the finest speculations of philosophy m.ay be made to exert their infl uence on the act ual con- dition of society. . . . NotwithstandingallthatM. Dumont has done to render the work popular, we are afraid that it will have fewei readers than it des,_*rves. Those who do read it. will .also dissent, we should imagine, from many of the author's fnndament.al prin- ciples; but they will infallibly be delighted with the sagacity and independence which di>;tinguish all bis speculatinns. and will look forward with impatience to the publication of his entire sys- tem."— Vol, ii.. istu. The reviewing of the Book of Fallacies, (pub. 1824,) fell to the lot of the witty author of Peter Plymley's Letters. We commend the criliiiuc to the attention of our readers- Sydney Smith introduces the subject in his own arousing style : '' Whether it is necessary there should be a middleman between the cultivator and possessor, learned economists doubted; but neither gods, men, nnr booksellers can dnubt the necessity of a middleman between Mr. Bentham and the public. Mr. Bentham is long; Mr. Bentham is occasionally involved and obscure; Mr. BEN" BEN Bentham invents new and alarming expressions; Mr. Bentham loves division and subdivision — and he loves method itself, more than its consequences. Those only, therefore, who know his ori;:i- nality, his knowledge, his vigour, and his boldness, will recur to the works themselves. The great mass of readers will not purchase improvement at so dear a rate; but will choose rather to become aciujiinti'd with Mr. Itentham through the Keviews — after that eminent philsopherhas been washed, trimmed, shaved, and forced into clean linen." — Jului. JRevieio, vol. xlii.. 1S25. In the Papers relative to Codification were included the author's correspondence with divers constituted authorities in the United ritutcs of America, relative to the improve- ment of their legislation: "The UuiU'd ^^tates are still subject to the common law of Eng- land, except so far as that law has been altered or repealed by liritit^h or Americiin statutes. In the opinion of -Mr. Bentham, an unwritten law must always be attended with great evils; and he earnestly exhorts the Americans, in the place of it, to substitute a written code. The gre*»ter part of what is addressed on this sub- ject to America is immediately applicable to Kngland; and a matr ter of greater or more increasing importance can hardly be presented to our view. . . . What principally obstructs the circulation of Mr. Bentham's writings, is the style in which they are composed. Un- like most authors. Mr. Bentliam's first publications are. in point of writing, the ui'ist perfect ; and long habit and frequent exercise. insifud of improving his language, seem only to have rendered it perijle\ed- nhseure, and uncouth." — iklin. Review, vol. xxis., 1S17. The llati()nale of Judicial Evidence, (pub. 1827,) is very freely reviewed iu the same periodical. The critic thus concludes : " As we have spoken plainly our real sentiments regarding the flaws whirh strike across this great work a vein so deep and coarse that there is scarce a page together which we have read with un- miugled pleasure; we are bound to state with equal sincerity, that We should have thought it impossible for any book upon a subject with which we had liincied ourselves well acquainted, and which, in our idiomatic form of it at least, we had been long conversant, to have given us so many new ideas, and to have so completely changed onr old ones." — Ibid., vol. xlviii.. IS'28. The Theorie des Peines et des Recompenses, (pub. 1811,) affords an opportunity for honourable mention of the author : "Additional time for meditating upon the subject has only con- firmed the conviction originally entertained, of the e.'Jsential services rendered to the most important branch of legislation by this pi*o- mulgation of Mr. Ilentham's doctrines." — IhkL, vol. xxii., 1813. In a notice of Deontology, or the Science of Morality, arrangetl by Dr. Buwring from the MS^^. of Mr. Bentham, (pub. IS.'U,) the Edinburgh reviewer remarks, "■Th.it thetiermans, the most accurate. learned, and philosophical nation in Knrope. admit the merits of Mi-. Bentham as a juriscon- sult, in bis ai)al\sis and classification of the mninial interests of life; but their nu-taphysicians and nioi-alisfs agree, we believe, without an exreption. in considering bis speculative philosophy as undeserving eveu the pomp and ceremony of an argument." — Vol. Ixi., 1^^5. With respect to adverse criticism, Mr. Bentham pursued a plan the adoption of which would save many poor au- thors much mortification and chagrin ; he made it a rule to read nothing against his theories. Church of Englandismand its Catechism examined, (pub. 1818,) is severely rebuked in the Lon. Quarterly Review: " It is fortunate that this book (as we have said) is not at all attractive; it is too obscure to be generally understood, and too ridiculous to be admired; and however misihievousthe intention, the tendency will be very innoxious. Of its worst part, the inde- cent levity with which all that is sacred is treated in it, we have not spoken. These offences must be answered for at a higher tri- bunal; but we would seriously recommend it to the author to consider whether the decline of life cannot be better spent than in captiously cavilling at the doctrines of religion, and in profane ri- dicule of its most holy rites." — Vol. xsJ..lS19. Rev. 11. J. Rose pub. A Critical Examination of those parts of Bentham's work which relate to the Sacraments and Church Catechism, Lon., 1819, 8vo. A notice of Chresturaathia, a work upon education, Ac, (pub. 1817,) will be found in the Monthly Review, vol. sc, 1819: *'In the present treatise, a.«; in all the works of Mr. Bentham, the reader will discover much originality of thought; for the au- thor never sits down to examine any of the objects of intellectual pursuit without illuminating them by the rays of his own en- lightened understanding, Mr. Bentham has long been a daring innovator in the use of words ; and he scatters his new terms over his page ' thick as autumnal leaves that strew the brooks in Val- lombrosa.' " Bentham's Theory of Legislation translated into English by R. Ilildrcth, (see ante,) was reviewed by Mr. W. Phil- lips in the North American Review, vol. li., 384-: " Mr. Bentham's political speculations are not without theoreti- cal distortions; but he is not very Utopian, he does not write of perfect commonwealths, founded upon a state of manners, morals, and intelligence, of rights and obligations, that have been out of Totrue ever since the golden age. lie takes mankind as he finds them, with their passions, views, depravity, and blind prejudices; and sometimes reminds his readers of Solon's modification of theo- ries and principles, by the rule, that you are only to give a people as pood a code as thev will bear." The author of the letters addressed tr* Sir Robert Peel under the signature of Eunomus handles Bentham with great severity ; whilst, on the other hand, Mr. E. Sinclair CuUen declares that when he reads the criticisms of those who — ■ " ' Bounded by nature, narrowed still by art, A trilling head, and a contracted heart.' — attack the opinions and deride the style of Mr. Bentham. I am the more struck with his stupendous superiority of mind, and his enviable superiority of feeling But I let my pen drop with humility ; — suddenly ashamed at my presumption in fancying that 1 can offer any worthy homage to a person so celebrated iu all quarters of the world as a benefactor to mankind." In a similar strain, a writer in the New Monthly Maga- zine does not scruple to say that '' a knowledge of his works is a key which unlocks all the mysteries of social and political government." The advocacy of Mr. Mill and the strictures of Sir Samuel Rumilly. Sir James Mack- I intosh, and Mr. Macaulay need only be referred to here. I Our utilitarian philosopher was not considered unworthy I the adulation of princes. Talleyrand made a proposal a few weeks before the author's death to have a cumjilete I edition of his works published at Paris in the French lan- I guage. The Emperor Alexander sent him a diamond ring, which, as Major Parry thinks,to his "immortal honour," but as we think, rather in bad taste, he returned. In the words of Sir James Mackintosh, "It cannot be denied without injustice and ingratitude, that Mr. Bentham has done more than any other writer to rouse the spiiit of juridical reformation which is now gradually examining every part of law ; and when further progress is fa(.ilitated by di- gesting the present laws, will doubtless proceed to the improve- ment of all. Greater praise it is giveu to few to earn." — Frd. Dis. to Encyc. Brit. Had the philosopher been more distrustful of himself, he would have proved of mure benefit to others, and a greater share of humility would have adtled to his true greatness. Bentham, Joseph. Theolog. works. Lon., 16;')0-36. Bentham, Thomas, b. about 1513, d. 1578, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, trans, the Book of Psalms into English at the command of Queen Elizabeth ; he like- wise traus. Ezekiel and Daniel. He also pub. a sermon on St. Matt. xli. 11. Beutinek, Henry Cavendish, Lord William, K. B. Account nf the Mutiny at Vallore, Lon., 1810, Uo. Bentley, Elizabeth, daughter of a journeyman cordwainer, born at Norwich, 1767. Genuine Poetical Compositions, on various Subjects. Lon., 1791, Svo. Bentley, Hugh. British Class Book; or Exercises in Reading and Elocution, Lon., 1837. 12mo. ''Mr. Bentley has made the selections with an excellent dis- crimination and tine taste; and we have no doubt the work will take a station in the first class of works designed for tuition. To a general purchaser, it is valuable from the intrinsic worth and variety of its contents." — BriUmnia. Bentley, John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1803-12. Bentley, John. The Royal Convert; a Sacred Drama, 1803. The R-val Penitent; a Sacred Drama, 1804. Bentley, Richard, D.D., ir,r)l-2— 1742. was a native of OuUon, near Wakefield, in the West Riding of Ynrk- shire. In 1676 he was sent to St. John's College, Cam- bridge, where he gave such proofs of application to his studies, that at the early age of twenty he was nominated by the Fellows of St. John's to the head-mastership of the grammar school of Spalding, in Lincolnshire. After hold- ing this situation for a twelvemonth, he accepted the office of domestic tutor to the son of Dr. Edward Stillingfleet, the Dean of St. Paul's, and subsequently Bishop of Wor- cester. In 1692 he received a prebend in Worcester Cathe- dral, and was appointed to deliver the tirst series of the Boyle Lectures. In the next year he was made keeper of the Royal Library at St. James's. In 1605 he was made chaplain in ordinary to the King; and took his degree of D.D. at Cambridge, in 1606. In February, 1700, he was installed master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and iu the same year was collated to the archdeaconry of Ely. vat-ant by the death of Dr. SayweU. In 1717, by the death uf Dr. James, the Regius Professorship of Divinity became vacant, and was obtained by Dr. Bentley by the use of the most skilful management. Our space will not p^ermit us to enter into any detailed account of the unhappy contro- versies in which the master of Trinity bore so prominent a part. His demand for an illegal fee was resisted by Conyers Middleton, who was sustained by the Vice-chan- cellor's court. Bentley treated the authorities with the same contempt which he had displayed for his accuser; and on his refusal to make reparation, the senate, l>y a large majority, deprived him of all his degrees. This de- cree was followed by a lively controversy, in which Mid- dleton displayed great ability. The Fellows of Trinity at last resolved to bring their grievances to a judicial tribu- nal. The cause was finally referred to the Hou^-e of Lords, 169 BEN who commissioned Dr. r.iccne, the Bisliop of Ely, to try Dr Benlley upon twentv out of tlie sixty-four nrtules ex- hibited aKainst him. The Bishop senteneed him to be de- prived of his mastership, and his enemies seemed to have completely triumphed. But Bcntley was not easily out- witted. The sentence of the Bishop could be put in exe- cution by none but the vice-mnstcr ; Bcntley pl-.iced his devoted adherent, Kichard Walker, in that office ; and the new incumbent, pleading that he was not the mme vice- master, refused to carry the sentence into execution. In 1738 Bishop Greene died ; the proceedings were not re- vived, .and Bentley triumphed; holdin}; out for 28 years against all right and law, despising alike ecclesiastical authority, and the censure of the university. AVe will now turn to a more pleasing subject— tlie liter.ary character oi this great scholar and eminent .bissicnl critic. His first publication was Evi>tHhi ad clnrum viriim .loan- nem Milliuin, appended to the i >xf"vd edition of the Chro- nicle of .Joannes Malolas Antiochenus. This dissertation at once established his reputation throughout Europe as " a critic of the very highest order of excellence." It was received with the "loudest commendations by Grievius and E/.ekicl Spanheim : and has ever since been sjloken of by the first critics with reverence and wonder. See, in particular, Kuhnken's preface to Albert! llesychms, "There is. pi-rhnps. no Irarned work of the same comp,iss which can bo compared with it for ingenuity, orisinality. and copious erudition. The observations on Hesychius are particularly valu- ' "Vhen wc consider the number of topics discuss.-d-of which many were amons the most ol.scure and iutiiKitc willun the whole ranEB of phiiolosical criticism,— the rrach and oriKiiuality of ins speculations on questions supposed to have been exhausted by the learnin- and sacadty of his predecessors,— the prodi-ious display of eruditi™. appan-ntlv not 1,-ss extensive, and incomp.araldy move accui-it." ttian tliat of Salmasius, Scaliger, or Casaubon— the close. jiT.-«Util.l.- U"\'- with which he supports all his discoveries and con.-lusi"ns.-aud the animation of his style, which throws a charm and liveliness over subjects naturally the nio.st devoid of interest, we may s.afely pronounce the Epistle to Dr Mill to lie one of Ih.. most extraordin.arv performances in the entue compass or clasM> al literature. Indeed, but for one of the subsMluent pro- ducti.ins of the same author, it would have remained to this day umivalleii.-— C«lliliJl(//iam's Bing. Hist. Mr. Ilallam. after remarking that Bentley was the great- est English critic in his own, or possibly any other, age, proceeds to notice the Ejiistle to Mill : " In a desultory and abcst -arrulous strain Bentley pours forth an immense store of novel l.ariiio- and of acute cnticism. espe- cially on his favourite sul.jcit, which was destined to become his Elory. the si-attered relics of the ancient dramatists. Ihe st.vle ot Bentley always terse and livelv. sometimes humorous and dryly sarcastic, whether he wrote in latin or in English, could not but au^'mcot the admiratinn which his learning challenged. Gra-vius an.l St.anheira pronounced him the risint; star of British litera- ture and a correspondence with the former Iwsan in 1692, which continued in unbroken friendship till his death."— Li?. nf Eiirnpe. In 1696 he transmitted to Grsevius his notes and emen- dations on Callimachus, with a large collection of the fragments of that poet. .... , . "'The erudition and critical acumen displayed in these contri- butions to his friend's edition, were such as fully to sustain his reputation as the first schol.ar of modern times." The celebrated controversy respecting the genuineness of the Epistles of Phalaris now claims our attention. Sir William Temple had cited the Epistles of Phalaris and the Fables of jUsop as conspicuous instances of tho superiority of ancient literatnre over modern. Wotton replied with ability: and Bentley promised to prove that the .'Esopian Fables were not iEsop's, and tliat the Epistles of Phalaris were a modern forgery. A new edition of the Epistles was prepariuf abmit this time at Christ Church College, Oxford, and The Honourable Charles Boyle, a student in the college, was selected as the editor. The preface to the new editbin contained a censure upon Bentley for a sup- posed want of courtesy respecting the use of a M,'?. in the lil)rary at St. James's. The bookseller. Bonnet, had at- tempted to cover his negligence by throwing the blame upon Dr. Bentley, tho librarian. The latter wrote to Mr. Boyle, and explained tho facts of the ease. Boylo replied, "What Mr. Bcntley had said miiht be true, but th.at the book- seller had represented the matter quite otherwise, and that Mr. Bentley mi.-ht seek his redress in any metliod he pb-ased. In 1697 ATotton published a new edition ot his Keply to Sir William Temple, and begged his friend Bentley to ful- fil his promise, and furnish him with the proof of the spu- riousness of the Epistles to Phalaris, tho Fables of .Esop, and the Letters of Themistocles, of Socrates, and of Eu- ripides. Dr. Bcntley complied with the request, and com- posed a masterly demonstration of tho position which he had so boldly assumed. I so ooiuiy assuiucvi. Considered as a whole, the dissertation must be pronounced a 170 BEN makteipiece of learning and ability, to the production of which no other writer of the age was equal." The scholars of Christ Church, amazed but not silenced, determined to encounter their formidable opponent, and deputed a committee, consisting of Attcrbury, Smalndge, Anthony Alsop, and the two brothers Fremd, to carry on the war. Attcrbury, afterwards Bishop of llochoster, was tlie principal champion. The rejoinder appeared in March, 169S It was styled Dr. Bentley's Dissertations on the Epistles of Phalaris and the Fables of ^sop, examined by the Hon. Charles Boyle. This work was as contemptilde in point of philological learning as it was brilliant in the more popular qualities of wit and satire. '•It was received by the literary world with a tempest of ap- plause. Wits and w'itlings, poets, mathematicians, and anti- quaries concurred in celebrating the imaginary triumph of the (konians, and persecuting the great critic who was soon to crush them at a blow." Pope, Swift, Aldrich, Garth, Dodwell, and Conyers Mid- dleton were among his opponents. Dr. Garth has stereo- typed his own ignorance in the well-known couplet in hia Dispensary : . ^ ., " go diamonds owe a lustre to their foil, And to a Bentley 'tis we owe a Boyle." Swift's Battle of the Books is about the only one of all the satires aimed at Bentley which is now known to the general reader. But the triumphing of tlie Pigmies was short. In llilli) the doctor carried dismay into the ranks of the adversary by the " unrivalled and immortal" Dis- sertation upon the Epistles of Phalaris, with an Answer to the olijections of the Hon. Robt. Boyle. The victory was complete : the enemy was made to " bite the dust,' and the battle was at an end. "To those who never critically examined this truly stupendous production, it is impossible to convey an adequate conception of its merits. To affirm that it vindicates tho character of Bentley in every particular on which it had been as,sailed. and, w-ith one in- considerable exception, sust.aius every position that he had ad- vanced in the original dissertation upon Phalaris, is saying little. It is replete throughout witli learning of the finest and rarest ou.ality. The same unequalled force aud subtlety of intellect ■which had distinguished the appendix to the (.'hiiinicle of Malelas, is here exbiliited to even greater advantage. Ihe style, though wanting in harmony and elegance, is full of energy ; and the wit and sai-casm with whi.-h the wh.ile piece abounds, if inferior to that of his adversaries in the qualities of ease and grace, is equal, perhaps superior, in pungency. This incomparable work was, lifter an interval of nearly eighty years, translated into Latin by Lennep. a scholar of eminence, and one of the pupds of the illus- trious Valckenaer."— ftimiin^/ium's Bi'of/. His;. ,. ,. „, " It may be said, with perfect truth, that, as a conibination of profound learning and great ori::inality with lively wit and sound lo.'ic, it has never been paialieled. Although it came forth as an ocrasional and controversial work, such is the fulness with which every subject in it is discussed, that it is still used as a text-book in our universities, and will always continue to be read even by those who have no interest in. nor acquaintance vvith, the book to which it is professedly an answer."— itet's Bwg. Diet. We have quoted Mr. Hallam's observations on the Epis- tle to Mill. This eminent authority proceeds to remark : " But the rare qualities of Bentley were more abundantly dis- played, aud before the eyes of a more numerous tribunal, in bis femous dissertation on the epistles a.scrihed to Phalaris. . It was the first great literary war that had been waged in England, and like that of Troy, it has still the prerogative of being remem- bered, after the Epistles of Phalaris are almost as much buried as the walls of Trov itself Both comlatants were skilful in wielding the sword: the arms of Boyle, in Swift's language, were given him by all the gods; but his antagonist stood forward in no such fl.ur.ative strength. m.aster of a learning to which nothing parab IcI had been known in England, and that direeted by an under- standin- prompt, discriminating, not idly skeptical, but still fur- ther removed trom trust in authority ; sagacious in perceiving cor- ruptions of language, and ingenious, at the least, in removing them- with a styleVapid. concise, amusing, and superior to lloyl. in that which he had chiefly to boast, a sarcastic wit. —LU. oj Europe. Mr Disraeli, in his Quarrels of Authors, remarks : " Benlley's Dissertation on Phalaris is a volume of perpetual value to the lovers of ancient Literature. His narrative of the rise of his controversy with Boyle is a most vigorous production; it heaves with the workings of a master spirit : still reasoning with such force, and still applying with surh bapiao.ss tlie stores of his copious literature, that had it not been tor tins Literary Quar- rel the mere English reader had lost this sni-1.- opportunity or sun'eying that commanding intellect. Posteiit v jostlv appreciates the volume of Bentley for its stoves of Ancient Literature, an.l tlie author for that peculiar s.ag.acity in emending a corrupt text, which formed his distinguishing characteristic as a classical critic. Tho Bev. Mr. Dyco. the learned editor of Bentley's works, fLon , 1836-?,,'!, 3 vols, only published,) observes that "On Bentley's memorable perlnrmances. the Dissertations on Phalaris, criticism has been exhausted. In the just arrangement of the matter, in the logical precision of the .arguments and m the readiness and skill with which the most extensive and refined erudition is brouL-ht to bear upon the points routes ed. it is per- haps unrivalled by any single work. Enriched with mcidenta disquisitions on many different topics of classical tormug, it wUl BEN BEN eTer lie prized by the Rtudent as a storehouse of important infor- mation." "Good sense." says Bisliop Warbnrton, "is the foundation of critioism; this it is that has made Di-. Reutley and Bishop Hare the two L^ivatfst ci itics that ever were in the world. Xot that y:ood sense aloiir "ill I'f sutticirnt: for that considerable part of it, emeiidinu' ;i roi iii|it text, tbrie must he a certain sa.^acity. which is so dislin^uishinj; a quality in Dr. Uentley." — Bishop Mci7-bui't"ii to Dr. Bitc'i : JVichnls's Literary Anealotis. In 170S Beiitlcy addressed to Ludolph Kuster, who wns engaged upon an edition of Aristoplijines, Three Critical ■ Epistles, (imtaining annotations upon the Plntus and the Nubes. In the next year he communicated a number of notes to Davies's edition of the Tu.sculan Questions of Cicero. These were followed by the celebrated Emenda- tions of Monandcr Philemon. How severely be rebuked the presumption of Le Clerc, and the controversy which ensued thereon, are matters doubtless familiar to many of our readers. His edition of Horace, which had engaged him for ten years, was publi.'^hcd at Cambridge in 1711, 4to. This work claims both praise and ccnsux-e. The illustrative annotations, and many of the emendations, are invaluable ; the chronology has been api)roved as sound, and the logical acnteness and penetrating sagacity of the editor cannot bo suthcieutly admired; but, on the other hand, indefensible libertie.? are taken with the text, and a conjectural fabric of unwieldy proportions is erected upon a narrow basis of probability. The errors of so eminent a critic were not allowed to pass without chastisement. Ker and Johnson, and long afterwards. Cunningham, in his rival edition of Horace, (1721,) visited the offences of the great mayler with a rod of iry tlie revival and inser- tion of an old letter, originally the sixth of the Greek alphabet. which, as the exigencies of the metre showed, must have been in use at the time when the Hnmerif pni-ms were composed. This letter, which is commonly c:illi-d thr (////(ainHa. has a sii:niticance even for the readers of our li_'bti'r litfrature. Most persons are familiar with the lines which I'ope. in the fourth book of his Dua- ciad, puts into the mouth of IJeutley : ' Honian and (ireek grammarian, know your better, — Author of something' yet more preat than letter; ■\Vhil-* towerini; o'er your alphabet, like Saul. Stands our di^amma, and o'ertops them all.' *' The last line refers to the representation of the di;ramnia by a capital F, in two qunl.ilinns tmni Homer wbii'h appcaieil in the notes to Milton." .^i-' ilir r\.ill,'nt article oa Bentley in Itose's Bio^. Diet.; also see ('imniii-ii.nn's liio-!;. Hist. Bcntley had now reached the ripe age of seventy-two, when he was arrested in his labours upon Homer by a paralytic stroke, which preceded his death about three years. The corrections in his copy of the poet were used by Ilcyne in his edition of I^omor, and many of the emi- nent critic's suggestions have been printed by Mr. Donald- son in the New CratyUi.s. His last employment was an edition of Manilius, pub. in 1739 by his nephew, Richard Bentley. Wo made a passing reference to our author's proposed emendations to the text of Milton. For this delicate, and, indeed, supererogatory, task, few men of learning were less qualified. In those most essential points, a knowledge of the Italian and romantic writers, religious sensibility, and a fervid imagination, he was re- markably deficient. Even the command of Queen Caro- line is no excuse for such an undertaking. Bentley should have declined in Latin, and, if still pressed, expostulated in Greek, and the business would have dropped. When Adam Smith remarked upon Johnson's recitation of Bent- ley's verses in Dodsley's Collection, that they were "very well! very well," Johnson replied, with his usual acute- ness, "Yes, they are very well, sir; but you may ob.serve in what manner they are well. They are the forcilde verses of a man of strong miud, but not accustomed to write verse; for there is some uncouthness in the expres- sion." The application to our subject is obvious. Fcnton had dropped a hint that some apparent errors in Paradise Lost were probably occasioned by the carelessness or mis- apprehension of the amanuensis who wrote what the bard dictated. This conjecture is adopted by Bentley, and the unlucky amanuensis is not spared. We have already far exceeded our intendcil limits, and can devote but little space to a very amusing and very instruetivo subject. Bentley's imjirovements of Milton must be read to be ap- preciated. It is possible that some one of our readers may not have met with the correction of the grand line : " No li.'lit, but rather darkness visible." Bentley kindly off^ers us the following: ■' Xo li'j;ht, but rather a transpicuous (/I ocrniy Which does the reader prefer ? *• As fi'om the centre thrice to the utmost pole," is "amended" to " Distance wliich to expiess all measure fails." " Our torments, also, nuiy in length of time Become our elements," is changed to " Then, as Htvas weU nhseiTed, our torments may Become our elements." See an amusing chapter upon thig subject in Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature. AVe subjoin the following epi- gram on Bentley's editorial labours: "On Milton's Kxkci'tioxkr. Did Mir.TON's Prosf. Cihrlis! tliy d.-jith defend? A fniitius li"', uiii'onsridus provrs a fiii-nd: On Mn.iiiN's VtR-r; does Bkmi.kv icmunent? know A weak ofticious friend becomes a fne. AVhile he would seem his author's fame to further, The ^IvRTHERous Critic has aven^^ed Tut IMurther." But a warrior who had gained so many battles on his own element could well aflord an occasional shipwreck, when, like Pyrrho, he chose " To sail upon a sea of speculation." Whether the laudation be extravagant or not, he must have great merits of whom the critic dares to say " He stands undoubtedly the very first anions all the philoloci- cal critics of every ajre and nation, ju ' shape and pesture proudly pre-eminent.' No sinjile individual ever contributed so much to the actual stores of the learned world, or gave so strong an im- pulse to the study of the aucient classics." — CunninghanVs Btvg. Jlixt. With reference to Bentley's position as a scholar when compared with the classical " giants of those days," it will be interesting to quote the verdicts of a few others, tbcra- selvcs more or less imbued with that love for the " wit and genius of the heathen," which the great master of Trinity acknowledged had "beguiled him." Bi.shop Monk, his learned biographer, styles him "the most celebrated scholar of modern times." Mr. De Quincey makes an exception. 171 BEN BEN " We should pronounce him the greatest of scholars were it not that ive rememljer Salmasius. Dr. I'arr was in the haliit of com- pariu^' the I'halaiis dissertation with that of Salmasius De Lingua llellenistica. For our own part, we have always compared it wUh the same writer's Plinian Kxcereitationes. Both are among the miracles of human talent, hut with this dilTerence, that the i-al- masian work is crowded with errors: whilst that of Bentley,ni its final state, is absolutely without spot or blemish,"— iJiucAn'OocTs Mag.. 1830; repuh. in Philos, Writers. Edward Everett, a ripe Hellenist, as his call to the Pro- fessorship ot" the Greek language and literature in Har- vard College, before ho was of age, may indicate, whilst allowing that " Richard Bentley is the greatest elas.sical Bcholar ever produced by England," proceeds to remark that " Whether his name could be safely placed above that of Eras- mus, Scaliger, and llemsterhuys, not to mention any of the re- nowned scholars of the la.st generation, may be a question on which the learned of KnL-land and other countries miiiht diner. But this we think may he safely said, that if Bentley, in all other things the same, had passed his life in the quiet of a University in Holland or Germany;— if he had ledeeuied to those studies lor which he was born, the time and the talents which he wasted in the petty s(iualibles of his college mastership, he would unques- tionably have made himself, beyond all rivalry, the most cele- brated 'scholar of modern times,"— JV'ort/i American Beview, vol. xliii. 46S. „ , . , ^ But what Mr. Everett is willing to admit Bentley migbt have become under more favouralde circumstances, Bishop Monk insists he really was; and not satisfied with the eu- logy we have just quoted, he carries what some will deem extravagance to what many will pronounce absurdity, by declaring that " Notwithstanding his frequent abuse of his erudition, such is the power of genius, and so great the preponderance of his solid and unshaken merits, that Bentley has established a school of criticism, of which the greatest scholars since his time have been proud to consider th.-msiMvcs members; and, in spite of the envy and opiiositinii of bis .■.nitcmp.iraries, has attained a more exalted reputation than has hilh.rl.i been the lot of any one, in the de- partment of ancient literature," The biographer's episcop,-!! brother. Bishop Lowth, ac- cords to Bentley no small praise in declaring him to have been " the greatest critic and most able graminariau of the last age," and Bishop Marsh, also, pronounces him to have been " the most acute critic not only of this nation, but of all Europe," The acknowledgments of Heyno, who enjoyed the great advantage of the use of Bentley's annotated Iliad, when preparing his own edition, are freely expressed. The following "praise" is "faint" to absurdity : '■ Though a daring, and sometimes a speculative, emendator, he was. pei'haps, one of the first classical critics that has yet appeared in I'tiis country." — Loii. Mouthhi Review, vol, cxxii. " One of the tirst, and * perhaps' only, not certainly even, one of the first!" This is indeed the "Nil admirari" to excess! What "Daniel" have we here? A writer in the Lon. Quarterly Review draws a com- parison between Bentley and Porson ; " Bentley's memory, according to his own expression, was ' none of the best;' it was the uupaniUeled perfection of this faculty in Person on which his superiority relied. It gave him the complete and instant command of all his stores of erudition; ho could bring to bear, at once, on any question, every passage from the whole range of Greek literature which could elucidate it. [This is hyperbole, even to nonsense; a university full of Bentleys and Persons could not perform such a feat.] lie could approximate, on the instant, the slightest coincidence in thought or expression, and the accuracy was quite as surprising as the extent of the re- coiled ion. In .-iuother respect, no two chaiacters could be more opposite than Bentley and Porson : the former, in his immeasur- able self-confidence, hold, adventurous, decisive; the other, cool, sure, and cautious. In his scholarship, (would that he had been under as safe a guidance in all his habits !) Porson was singularly prudent: hence, though Bentley is more splendidly and originally right, Porson is more unerringly so; Bentley's judgments are mOi-e numerous, and on a greater variety, but all are not of equal authority, Por.son's are few, but none of them have ever been reversed'. Bentley's light was thrown about with greater profu- sion on many objects; Person's was centered on a few, but burned more steadily on those. The same prudence kept Porson within the province' in which his strength I.iy, that of philological criti- cism; he never ventured on the more deb.ateable ground of the criticism of taste. In their style there was the same difference: the careless copiousness and natural vigour of Bentley was in the strongest contrast to the terseness and neatness of Person's most finished writing; and the fine irony of the latter, of which we Kive some few examples, in the character of Gibbon for instance, is the opposite extreme to the coarse vehemence and the broader humour of Bentley's controversial tone." — Vol. xlvi. llS. As a preacher Bentley could not but occupy a high place in point of depth, and the power of exciting that in- terest which follows the guidance of a great intellect in the contemplation of the duties of time and the awful re- alities of eternity. For that style of exhortation which aw,akens the affections, tnnl secures the convictions of the judgment by the impulses of the heart, the preacher was iiths of revelation by the by her greatest inter- A sermon of Bentley's unequal. He enforced the trutl teachings of nature, as expounded by her greatest inter- preter, the inunurtal Newton. A based upon a thesis of Newton's must have been an intel- lectual gratification not unworthy an angelic auditory. But we fc.ar that in simply " vindicating the ways of (jod to man," but little would be done to reconcile the heart of man to God. Accurate, precise, and exhaustive he could not fail to be. , , . v " Bentley is a model," says Bishop Home, " for polemic preach- ing on account of the conciseness, perspicuity, and fairness wilh , hich objections are stated ; and the clear, full, and regular m-in- ner in which they are answered."— £ss. after his death by Bonnet, who affixed his name to it as the author. Bently, William, D.D. Sermons, 1735-38, Svo. Benton, Clark. Statement of Facts and Law, &c., Troy, 1804, Svo. Benton, Thomas Hart, 1782-1858, an American statesman, born at Hillsliorough, N. Carolina, educated at Chapel Hill College, and removed in early life to Ten- nessee. In 1815 he settled in St. Louis and devoted him- self to the practice of the law. He soon became a leading politician, and for thirty years represented the State of Missouri in the Senate of the TJ. States. 1. Thirty Years' Viewj or, A History of the Working of the American Go- vernment for Thirty Years, from 1820 to 1850. Vol. i., N. Y., 1854, Svo ; vol. ii., N. Y., 1856, Svo : 65,000 vols, of this work were sold as soon as published. BER "The litorary execution of this work, the simplicity of its style^ and the unexceptionable taste which tempers all its author's allu- sions to his contemporaries, have been the subject of universal admiration."— W. C. Bryant. "Mr. Uenton's opportunities as an actor and eye-witness give him ^reat advantages in this species of historical memoir,— for such it is, neither exactly history nor biography. In his preface he quotes Macaulay, and justly claims the prestige of his expe- rience in public affairs for his work. If Gibbon and Fox and Mackintosh wrote better for being Parliament men, Mr. Benton can set forth as well for his story the quorum magna purs fui." — O/iurchman. 2. Examination of the Bred Scott Case, N. York, 1857, Svo. 3. An Abridgment of the Debates of Congress from 1789 to 1856; from Gales & Seaton's Annals of Con- gress; from their Register of Debates; and from the Official Reported Debates by John C. Rives, N. Y., 15 vols. Svo. " In this work, even at the advanced .ige of seventy-six, his daily labors were almost incroJible: it was liiuilly completed duwu to the conclusion of the great compromise debate of 1850,— upon his very death-bed, where ho dictated and revised the final portions in whispers, after he had lost the ability to speak a.hmd."—Ai)pteton's New Ame.r. Ci/c. "Cul. Benton's eminent talent and reputation as a statesman, his ramjliar acquaintance with our parliamentary history, and bis uiitiriii- imbistry, are a sufficient guarantee for the faithful execu- tion ut this f^reiit undertakiog." — Hon. Edward Everett. Benvras, David, a Welsh poet of the 13th century, wrote Encomium Leolini principis Joroverthi Filii, and other poems : some of these are preserved in the Hengwrt Library. Beiiwell, John* Con. to Phil. Mag., 1817. Berard, J. B. Con. to Nic Jour., 1802. '10, '12. Berard, Peter. Trans. The Uncle's Will. 1808, Svo. Berault, Peter. Theolog. works. Lon., 1680-1706. Berdmore, Samnel. Sermons, 1710, '15, '16, '17. Berdniore, Samnel, D.D. Specimens of Literary Resemblance in the Works of Pope, Gray, and other cele- brated Writers, with Critical Observations, in a Series of Letters, 1801, Svo. '* This volume contains a formidable attack on Dr. Hurd's Marka of Imitation, and we believe that most readers will deem it suo- cessful. ... In a strain of lively and ingenious raillery he has de- tected the sources of Dr. Hurd's explanation of Virgil's invocation to Auiiustus, in the 3d Georgic, and he has shown that the disco- very of which that learned critic assumed the merit, was nothing more than an obvious interpretation of the poet's words, which had been previously given by diEferent commentators." — Lon. Monthly lif. viv w. Berdmore, Thomas. Treatise on the Teeth, Lon., 1768, Svo. Berdoe, Marmaduke, M.D. Med. works, Bath and Lon.. 1771-7;'., Svo. Bere, Thomas. Controversy between Mrs. Hannah More and the Curate of Elagden, 3 pamphlets, 1801-6. Berenger, Richard, d. 1782, aged 62, for many years Gentleman of the Horse to George IIL, nephew of Lord Cobham and Lady Lyttelton, was a gentleman of considerable literary talent. Dr. Johnson named him ag the standard of true elegance. He was the author of three "excellent papers" in The World, Nos. 79, 156, and 202; and some of his poems, "written with great ease and ele- gance." are in Dodsley's Collection. He pub., in 1771, The History and Art of Horsemanship; from the French of Mons. Bourgelat, 1754, 4to; Lon., 1771, 2 vols. 4to. "I dined the other day at Mrs. Boscawen's, very pleasantly, for Berenger was there, and was all himself, all chivalry, blank verse, and anecdote. lie told us some curious stories of Pope, with whom he used to spend the summer at his uncle's, Lord Cob- ham." — Hannah More. Berens, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1822, etc. Bereny. New Torch to the Latin Tongue, 1670, Svo. Beresford. Marriage with Miss Hamilton, 1782, Svo. Bcresford, Benj. Trans, from the German of poeti- cal pieces, willi the original Music, &c.. 1797, h Frederick, D.D., a voluminous con- troversial writer, b. 1S12, at Grace Hill, island of Antigua, where his parents were missionaries in the service of the Moravian Church, came to the United States in 1826 and was ordiiinL'd by the Synod of the German Reinrmed Church, 1S;J5; Pastor of German Kef. Cb., Pbila.. 1837- 52. 1. Lectures on Romanism, 1840, 12mo; several eds. 2. Synopsis of the Theology of Peter Dens; trans, from the Latin, with copious Notes, 1840, 12mo ; 5 eds. have been pultlished. 3. Papal Rimie, 1841. 4. Series of Pamphlets pub. anon., entitled A Voice from Rome ; Rome's Policy towards the Bible; The Pope and the Presbyterians, 1S44: many thousands sold. 5. History of the Holy Robe of Treves. 6. Oral Controversy with a Catholic Priest, 1843. 7. Old Paths ; or, A Sketch of tbe Order and Discipline of the Reformed Church before the Reformation, 1845. 12mo. 8. Plea for the Divine Law against Murder, 1846. 9. Mysteries of the Ini:(uisiti(m and other Secret Societies; from the French, Phila., 1S46, 8vo. 10. Reply to Arch- bi>liup Hugbes on the Doctrines of Protestantism, 18o0 ; more than 150. 000 copies of this pamplilct have been cir- culated. 11. Kxpose of the Jesuits. 12. The Inquisition. l;i. Church and State, nr Romish Influence ; a prize essay for which $100 was awarded by the Amer. Protestant Ass. 14. Farewell Words to tbe German Ref. Ch., and a Vindi- cation of the same, in reply to Dr. J. W. Nevin, 1852. 15. Prophecy and the Times, 1S56, 12mo. 10. The Stone and the Image, 1856, 12mo; several edits. 17. Demons and Guardian Angels; being a refutation of Spiritualism, 12mo. IS. The Olive-Branch : a Conservative View of Slavery, 1857. Many other works and pamphlets. Bei-ger, J. F., M.D., Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc., 1806, '11, '14 ; and to Nic. Jour., 1807. Berlins, John. A Treatise of Pacification between the Dissenting Churches of Christ, Lon., 1655, Svo. Beridge, John. Sermon, 1662, 4to. Berington, Joseph. Miscellaneous Dissertations, Historical. Critical, and Moral, on the Origin and Anti- quity of Masquerades, Plays, &q., 1751, Svo. Beriugton, Joseph, d. 1827, aged 84, an estimable clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church, and educated at the College of St. Omer, was a native of Shropshire. He was an object of public interest, not only from his lite- rary publications, but as an advocate for some reform.? in the communion to which he was attached. His first work was A Letter on Materialism, and Hartley's Theory of the Human Mind, 1776, 8vo, (anon.,) followed in 1779 by Immaterialism Delineated. "The Letters [of 1776] now before us are written with the best intention: they have very considfrable merit; and will serve, we hope, as an antidote against the prevalence of a theory which de- grades man to a mere machine, and which, if pursued, must ter- minate in absolute Spinozism." — Lmi. Monthly lievieiv. Letter to Dr. Fordyce, in answer to his Sermon on the delusive and persecuting spirit of Popery, 1779, Svo. The State and Behaviour of English Catholics, from the Refor- mation till 1780, with a view of their present Wealth, Num- ber, and Character, Ac., 1780, 8vo. Address to the Pro- testant Dissenters, who have lately petitioned for a repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, Lon., 1786, Svo. His- tory of the Lives of Abelard and Ueloisa, comprising a period of 84 years, from 1079 to 1163; with their genuine letters, from the Collection of Amboise, Lon., 1784, 4to. " A valuable and accurate work, composed from authentic ma- terials.'" — Lowndes. Reflections, with an Exposition of Roman Catholic Principles in reference to God and the Country, Lou., 1787, Svo. Account of the Present Stute of Roman Catho- lics in Great Britain, Lon., 1787, Svo. On the Depravity of the Nation, with a view to the promotion of Sunday- schools, Lon., 1788, Svo. Tbe Rights of Dissenters from the Established Church, in relation chiefly to Roman Catholics, Lon., 17S9. Svo. Communications" to the Gen- tleman's Magazine, 17S7, &c. These were controversial, and in opposition to tbe views of Bishop Milner. The bishop pays Mr. B.'s style a high compliment: "^Ir. J. IJeringt^n possesses an eiUiveniug pen, which will not suffer any suhjot-t th.it it touches to languish, or crow insipid. Amongst all the pciinas that have been objected to in his nume- rous composiiions. on one ever objected to a dull period." 8ee Lon. Gent. Mag., isus, Pl. 1. History of the Reign of Henry XL, and of Richard and John his sons, with the events of this period from 1154 to 12r0; in which the character of Thomas ^ Becket is vindi- cated from tbe attacks of George, Lord Lyttleton, Birm., 1790, 4to. "This work is distinguished by industry of investigation, vigour of conception, vivacity and energy of expression, and, on the fun- damental questions of civil polity, liberality of sentiment. 'We know few writers more capable of exhibiting facts with lively colouring, or of giving animation to his narrative by a free use of the dramatic style. The structure of his periods is agreeably varied, and his diction is elegant." — Lon. Monthli/ Bivieiv. Memoirs of George Panzani, giving an account of his agency in England in the years 1634r-35 and '86 ; trans- lated from the Italian original, and now first published, etc., Lon., 1793, Svo. This publication gave ofi"enee to many members of Mr. B.'s Church, and the Rev. Charles Plowden, a R. Catholic clergyman, pub. Remarks on Ber- ington's work in 1784, in which Mr. P. questioned the au- thenticity of Panzani's Memoirs. The Faith of Catholics confirmed by Scripture, and attested by the Fathers of the first five Centuries of the Church, Lon., 1813, Svo. (In conjunction with Dr. Kirk.) Mr. Berington thus proved his loyalty to his Church, though bold enough to condemn what he esteemed the erroneous views of some of her mem- bers. An attempt to deceive the Italian populace by pre- tended miracles, under the French Invasion, was rebuked by our author in his Examination of Events termed Mi- raculous, as reported in Letters from Italy, Lon., 1796, Svo. The work by which Mr. Berington is best known is his Literary History of the Middle Ages ; comprehending an Account of the State Bf Learning from the Clote of the Reign of Augustus to its Revival in the Fifteenth Century. With two Appendices, 1814, 4to. A new edit, of this work, with an index, was pub. by D. Bogue, Lon., 1846, 12mo. •■ This book has merit. It is a pleasant succession of notices on the chief writers of the Continent, from the tall of the Roman em- pire downwards. It is wiitten in a clear, popular manner, and it is everywhere pervaded by a candid spirit."' — Lomli/n AUttnteum. " We cannot characterize the work before us as very profound, either in research or in reflections." — Zoh. Quar. Bev. Berington, Simou. Dissertations on the Mosaical Account of the Creation, Deluge, Building of Babel, Con- fusion of Tongues, lii'p |}i-i kclcy's incenious sophistry to prove the non- existence (tf matter. ;ttid tliut every thing in the universe is simply ideal. 1 ubserved, that thouiih we were siitisfied his doctrine is not true, it is impossible to refute it. I never shall forget the alacrity with whirh Johnson answered, striking his list with mighty force against a large stone, till he rebounded from it, 'I refut*? it thus.'' This was a stout exemplificatiun of thf^ first truths of Ph?. Bouffier, or the original principles of lieid and of Beattie; without admitting which we can no more argue in metaphysics, than we can argue in mathematics without axioms. To me it is not conceivable how Berkeley can >»e answered by pure reasoning ; but I know that the nice and difficult task was to have lieen un- dertaken by one of the most luminous minds of the present age, [Edmund Burke,] had not politics ' turned him from calm philoso- phy aside.' What an admirable display of subtlety, united with briUJance. might his contending with Berkeley have afforded us." Again : " Being in company with a gentleman who thought fit to main- tain Dr. Berkeley's ingenious philosophy, that nothing exists but as perceived by some mind ; when the ^'entle^lan was going away, Johnson said to him, ' Pray, sir, dnu't leave us ; for we may per- haps forget to think of you. and then you will cease to exist.'" On another occasion, the Doctor remarked: " Berkeley was a profound scholar, as well as a man of fine im- agination." Undoubtedly the latter, if his theory was nothing but a creature of his imagination. Dr. Beattie remarks that " If Berkeley's argument be conclusive, it proves that to be false which every man must necessarily believe, every moment of his life, to be true, and that to be true which no man since the foun- dation of the world was ever capable of believing for a single mo- ment." This is putting the case strongly. Berkeley was as well aware of the existence of stones and tables as Dr. Johnson was. Although he considered his treatises to be contribu- tions to the cause of revealed truth, some have construed them very diflcrently. "These works form the best lessons of skepticism which are to be found among the ancient or modern philosophers, Bayle not excepted." — Bwid Hume. Even if this were true, the evidence of Revelation does not stnnd or fall with the hypothesis of any philosopher. Dr. Beattie also ohjects to the skeptical tendency of Berke- ley's theory. His argument in favour of non-existence has been reduced to this syllogism: Whatever is immediately perceived by sense is an idea. Sensible thing.? are things immediately perceived by sense. Therefore sensible things are ideas, and consequently exist only in the mind. This syllogism has not, the reader will perceive, the im- pregna,bility of a mental Gibraltar. The philosopher was not afraid to submit his proposition to the scrutiny of the metaphysicians and aavanta of the day. Mr. Whiston tells us, " He published this metaphysic notion, that matter was not a real thing; nay, that the common opinion of its rra/i7^ was ground- less, if not ridiculous. He was pleased to send Dr. Clarke and myself, each of us, a book. After we had both perused it, I went to Dr. Clarke, and discoursed with him about it to thisetfect : that I, being not a metaphysician, was not able to answer Mr. Berkeley's subtile /)reHiw!?,Ie. The sojourner at the beautiful town of Newport will find inscribed on the organ in the venerable " Trinity Church" the inscription, "The gift of Bishop Berkeley." In 1732 our author pub. A Sermon on John xviii. 3, and Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, Lon., Svo. This work, which is a defence of religion agninst the systems of the atheist, fatalist, and skeptic, in the form of a dia- logue, on the model of Plato, was written in hours of lei- sure, whilst at Newport. Dr. Sherlock, afterwards Bishop of London, carried the work to Queen Caroline, whose ad- miration of the author was still further increased, and she procured for him the Bishopric of Cloyne, to which he was consecrated in May, 1734. The Earl of Chesterfield ofifered him the see of Cloghcr, which was double the value of that of Cloyne, and fines to the amount of £10,000 were then due ; but the bishop declined the profTer, remarking to Mrs. Berkeley, '■ I desire to add one more to the list of churchmen who are evidently dead to ambition and avarice." lie had not been long stationed at Cloyne before he pub. The Analyst, or a Discourse addressed to an Infidel 176 Jylathcmatician, Lon., 1735, Svo. This was addressed to Dr. Halley, with a view of *' Showing that Mysteries in Faith were unjustly objected to by mathematicians, who admitted much greater mysteries, and even falsehoods, in science, of which he endeavoured to prove that the doctrine of fluxions furnished an eminent example." See Cun- ningham's Iliog. Diet. ; Biog. Brit. The principal answer to the Analyst was supposed to have been the production of Dr. Jurin ; it was entitled Philalethes Cantabrigien.sis ; the bishop answered this by A Defence of Free-thinking in Mathematics, 1735 ; and Philalethes responded in the Minute Mathematician, In 1735, also, appeared Berkeley's Querist, intended to stimu- late the Irish to develop the resources of their own coun- try. His Discourse addressed to Magistrates, occasioned by the enormous license and irreligion of the times, ap- peared in 1736; Maxims Concerning Patriotism in 1750, and Measure of Civil Submission in 1784, (posthumous.) We class these tracts togetlier, as they are of the same character. Having been benefited by the use of tar-water during an attack of nervous colic, his active philanthropy induced him to give to the world in 1774, Siris, a Chain of Philosophical Reflections and Inquiries respecting the virtues of Tar-AVater in the Plague, Svo : enlarged and improved, 1747, Svo. In French, Amst, 1745, 12mo. Far- ther Thoughts on Tar-Water, 1752, Svo. Many publica- tions on both sides of the question followed the bishop's work. We shall refer to it again before we clo.se this article. The good man's health was now very infirm, and he longed — as we all promise ourselves to do — to spend some time in retirement from the world before he should "go hence to be no more seen.'* With this object, he begged leave to resign his bishopric, or exchange it for a canonry at Oxford. The king however declared that Dr. Berkeley should *'die a bishop in spite of himself," but he had full permission to reside wherever he might think proper. He accordingly removed to Oxford, letting the lands of liis demesne at a rental of £200, which he di- rected to be applied to the relief of the poor during his absence. He was to return no more; he "had finished his course;" and only a few months after his arrival at Oxford, one Sunday evening, whilst engaged in devout discourse with his family on the lesson in the Burial Ser- vice, he was added to the many confirmations of the solemn declaration, " In the midst of life, we are in death ;" and without a moment's warning was ushered into the awful presence of the "Judge of all the earth." In 1776 was pub. An Account of his Life, with Notes, containing Stric- tures upon his Works, Svo. In 1784, his Wlmle Wui ks, with an Account of his life, and several of hit; Letters to Thomas Prior, Esq., Dean Gervias, and Mr. Pope, Ac, by T. Prior, Esq., 2 vols. 4to. There have been two recent edits, of his Works, one in 3 vols. Svo, and another by Rev. G. N. Wright, in 2 vols. Svo, pub. in 1S43. Mr. W. gives a trans, of the Latin Essays, [Arithmetica, Miscel- lanea, Mathematica, and De Motu,] and notes on the In- troduction to Human Knowledge. The reader will find in Phil. Trans., 1746, a paper of the bishop's, On the Petrifaction of Lough Neagh in Ireland. The character of this exemplary divine requires no eulogy at our hands ; his contemporaries so well appreci- ated his virtues whilst living, that extracts from their commendation sound like transcripts from the monu- mental marble. " So much understanding," says Bishop Atterbury, " so much innocence, and such humility, I did not think had been the por- tion of any hut angels, till I saw this gentleman." "I went to court to-day," writes Swift to Stella, "on purpose to present Mr. Berkeley, one of your Fellows of Dublin College, to Lord Berkeley of Stratton. That Mr. Berkeley is a very ingenious man, and a great philosopher; and I have mentioned him to all the ministers, and have given them sf»me of his writings, and I will favour him as much as I can. This I think I am bound to, in honour and conscience, to use all my little credit towards help- ing forward men of worth in the world." — April I'J, 1713. A long and interesting letter of Swift's to Lord Carteret respecting Berkeley's Bermudas project, will be found in Spence's Anecdotes, p. 252. Lord Bathurst told Dr. Warton, " That all the members of the Scriblerus Club being met at his house at dinner, they agreed to rally Berkeley, who was also his guest, on his scheme at Bermud.as. Berkeley, having listened to all the lively things they had to say. begged io be heard in his turn; and displayed his plan with such an astonishing and ani- mated force of t-Ioquence and enthusiasm, that they were struck dumb, and after some pause rose up all together with earnestness exclaiming, ' Let us all set out with him immediately.' " "Tliis plan, as well as the author of it. was pronounced to be whimsical by the downright and sarcastic Doctor Douglass, in his Historical and Political Summary; and he treats this excellent man with some degree of severity, and principally, I apprehend, because the bishop, in his Treatise on Tar-Water, had ventured BER without license to enter the precincts of the learned doctor's pro- fession." — Chancellor Kent. His influence with Pope, who ascribed " To Berkeley every virtue under heaven," was so great that the eulo- gist tolls us, '' In the Moral Poem, I had written an ad- dress to our Saviour, imitated from Lucretius's compli- ment to Epicurus: but omitted it, liy the advice of Dean Berkeley." " Deau Berkeley used t-o apply Horace's description of the Fortu- nate Island [Epod. xvi. 41 to 63] to Bermudas, aud his scheme of goini-' tliilhi r: and was so fond of this Epode on that account, that he j^nf ,M['. I'ope to translate it into Eiij^Ush, and 1 have seen the translation." — R. A. in Spencers Anecdotes. The influence of Berkeley's writings in defence of Reve- lation was most happy : " Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, written with an inten- tion to expose the weakness of intidelity and skepfici.sm, is pii-r- haps the most ingenious and excellent performance of the kind in the Eni^lish tongue." — BosweU on Sttidij. This, like all hyperbolical praise, is in bad taste. It is fully to say that any one composition on any subject is the " most ingenious and excellent in the lanojuagc ;'' one may as well specify, as some thoughtless people do, the hand- somest woman, or the most polite man, or the most erudite scholar ; such expressions of opinion are insulting to those present, aud of but little value to the absent; for persons whose good opinions are to be coveted avoid such shocking absunlities. It has been well said, " In whatever estimation the philosophical opinions of Bishop Berkeley may be held by the raet;i physicians of tlie present day, it will be admitted by all who are conversant with his writings, that he was a profound scholar, eminently skilled in logic aud physiology, and deeply read in th.- ancient systt-nis of these sciences. He has a higher claim than this to the veneration of pos- terity, lie was a singularly good man, iu whom a warm benevo- lence to his fellow-creatures, and a zrahms piety to God, were not merely the enthusiasms of his heart, but the presiding rule of his life." Dr. Drake is equally enthui-^iastic in his admiration of the good bishop : '■ It may be said of Berkeley, without exaggeration, that in point of virtue and benevolence, no one of the sons of men has exceeded him. Whether we consider his public or his private life, we pause in admiration of efforts uncommonly exalted, disinterested, and pure. lie was alike an object of enthusiastic love and admiration to extensive societies and to familiar friends. . . . His knowledge was of great compass, and extended to all the usi^ful arts and oc- cupations of life, of which it has been .said, that thi're is scarcely one, liberal or mechanic, of which he knew not more than the ordinary practitioner." — Essaj/s, vol. iii. ; and see Blackwood's Me- moirs of the Com-t of Augustus, vol. ii. Even when engaged upon objects not directly in the line of his profession, the good bishop " each fond endear- ment tries'* to raise the minds of his readers to the exalted hopes and consolations connected with a brighter sphere and a higher state of being. Dr. Wartou's comment upon Siris is worth quoting iu this connexion: "Many a vulgar ciilii' has sii-nrcil :it Berkeley's Siris, for begin- ning at Tar, and ending with the Trinity; incapable of observing the great art with wiiich the transitions in that book are finely made, where each paniu'raph depends upon and arises out of the preceding, and gradually and imperceptibly leads on the reader from common objects to more remote, — from matter to spirit, — from earth to Heaven." A valuable Review of Siris will be found in the Retro- spective Review, vol. xi. 239. Thi.s periodical, now, alas! very scarce and expensive, shoulil be purchased by the lover of Old English Literature, whenever the chance may present itself. "Tar- Water rose into general esteem as a medicine, soon after Berkeley's book made its appearance. Its virtues as a tonic will probably be admitted at present, [1S25;1 but it was at that time considered by many persons, and our author was the most zealous amongst them, not merely as a cure for almost every disorder in- cident to the human frame, but as a sure conservative of health, and a guard against infection and old age." — Edros]). Review. For a paper on Berkeley and Idealism, and a notice of Bailey's Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, see Black- wood's Magazine, vol. li. 812. "The doctrines of Berkeley, incomplete as they apjiear when viewed as the isolateil tenets of an individual, and short as they no doubt fell, iu his hands, of their proper and ultimate expres- sion, acquire a fuller and profnunder siijnificance when studied in cnnneftion with the speculations which have since followed in their train." The value of the commendation subjoined is too well known to require any thing but the names of the critics : ' " Possessing a mind which, however inferior to that of Locke in depth of reflection and in soundness of judgment, was fully its equal in logical acuteiicss and invention, and in learning, fancy, and taste far its superior. Berkeley was singularly fittid to pro- mote that reunion of Philosophy and of the Fine Arts whicli is so essential to the prosperity of both. . . . With those intellectual and moral endowments, admired and blazoned as they were by the most di.stinguisiied wits of his age, it is not surprising that Berke- ley should have given a popularity and fashion to "metaphysical BER pursuits which they had never before acquired in England."— BuGALD STEWtUT: \Rt Prelim. Diss, to Encyc. Brit. " Ancient learning, exact science, polished society, modern lite- rature, aud the fine arts, contributed to adorn and enrich the niiud of this accomplished man. All his contemporaries agreed with the satirist in ascribing ' To Berkeley every virtue under heaven.' Adverse factions and hostile wits concurred only in loving, ad- miring, and contributing to advance him. The severe sense of Swift endured his visions ; the modest Addison endeavoured to reconcile Clarke to his ambitious speculations. His charactei- con- verted the satire of I*ope into fervid praise. Even the di.scerning, fastidious, and turbulent Atterbury said, after an interview with him, ' So much understanding, so much knowledge, so much in- nocence, and such humility. I did not think had been the portion of any but angels, till I saw this gentleman.' . . . Of theex'inisit« grace and beauty of his diction, no man accustomed to English composition can need to be informed. His works are, beyond dis- pute, the finest models of philosophical style since Cicero. Per- haps they surpass those of the orator, in the wonderful art by which the fullest light is thrown on the most minute and evanes- cent parts of the most subtile of human conceptions. Perhaps he also surpassed Cicero in the charm of simplicity." — Sir Jam£.s Mackintosh ; 'Id Prdim. Dissert. Encf/c. Brit. In the life and in the death of Berkeley and Swift there was just that contrast which aims so widely at variance would lead us to expect. The one amidst labours and self-sacrifice passed his days in tranquillity, aud, — his last years solaced by " That which should accompany old age, As honmir, love, obedience, troops of friends" — whilst engaged in enforcing those truths which his own life had exemjilified, exchanged confiding hope for joyful fruition in "the vision of the Almighty." The other, tempest-driven by the storms of passion, the victim of blighted projects and disappointed schemes, at war with his race and with himself, only exchanged insane ravings for idiotic imbecility, ami sank into an unhonoured grave, a mournful beacon to all who " set their affections upon the earth," aud content themselves with genius unsancti- fied by heavenly wisdom. Young man ! to whom God hath granted mental capacity and intellectual wealth, look first upon that [lieture, then on this, and .say which shall be the object of thy ambition, Jonathan Swift, or George Berkelkv? Berkeley, George, 1733-1795, son of the preced- ing, was admitted of Christ Church, Oxford, at the age of nineteen. lie entered into holy orders, and held several preferments — Prebendary of Canterbury, Ac, — at the time of his death. In 1785 he pub. two Sermons respect- ing the Stuarts and their adherents, 17So-89; and a Ser- mon on Good Friday, 1787. '• As an author we readily allow that mi-rit in Mr. Berkeley to which we cannot so freely subscribe when we consider him as a statesman or politician. This nation neuer did, and, we apprehend, jievcr can,prosjmr under the influence of Tory principles of govern- ment." — Lon. Monthly Eevietv. His widow pub. a volume of his Sermons in 1799. This lady, who was a frequent contributor to that invaluable periodical, the Gentleman's Magazine, also pub. in 1797 a volume of poems (with a preface of her own) written by her son, George Monck Berkeley. {See below.) Berkeley, Hou. George Charles Grantley Fitzhardiiige, sou of the fifth Earl of Berkeley, born ISnO, was M.P. for Gloucestershire West from 1832 to '52. Author of Berkeley Castle, a Novel, London, 1836, 3 vol.«. Svo, which was so severely reviewed by Dr. Maginn, in Eraser's Magazine for August, 1836, that it led to a duel between author and critic, in which three shots were exchanged. Mr. Grantley Berkeley subsequently pub- lished another novel. Saudron Hall, 3 vols. p. Svo, and a pamphlet upon Field-Sports antl Poaching. Berkeley, George Monck, son of the preceding, author of the volume of Poems mentioned above, made some other contributions to the cause of literature. In 1789 he pub. Literary Relics, containing original Letters from King Charles II., King James II., the Queen of Bo- hemia, Swift, Berkeley', Addison, Steele, Congreve, the Duke of Ormond, and Bishop Rundle ; to which is pre- fixed an Inquiry into the Life of Dean Swift, 8vo. "The temper of mind with wliich Mr. Berkeley enters on his in- quiry, and its unfavourable tendency to prt-ni-'ti' tiuth. will be seen by every one who attends to his treatnn iil nf hnrJ l.trrery. His lordship is not only denied all kind of literary merit, but his name is coupled with the most reproachful epilhets; we read of ' the yelps of Lord Orrery,' and ' the howl of Lord Orrery :' Lord Orrery is ' a common sewer and a monster,' who, though he had not even the courage of an ass to insult the dying lion, yet, mon- ster-like, preyed upon the carcase.*' — Lon. Monthly Review. Berkeley, George, Ear! of, d. 1608, aged 71. de- scended iu a direct line from Robert Fitzharding, of the royal house of Denmark, was noted for his exemplary piety and conciliating manners. From this latter charac- teristic AVychcrlcy was induced to chronicle him as Lord 177 BER BER Plausible, in tte Plain Dealer. His lord.hip was author ' To sum up the doctor s various characters he was, 1. A of an excellent booli entitled Historical ApplieatioDS, and Soldier. 2. A Doctor of Mcdieme 3. An Author. 4 A occasional Meditations upon several subjects. Don., 1670, , Classical Scholar. 6 A Ma hemat.can 6. A Botamst. 12mo ; 3d edit., 16S0. His lordship also pub. A Speech i 7. A Chemist. 8. A Pohtical Economist 9. A I>"Plo»a- to the Levant Company at their Annual Election, 1680. ; list. 10. A Poet. 11 A Painter 12. A Musician What He gave to the LibiLy of Sion College a valuable collee- a hydra-headed member ol society was Dn Berkenhout iion^of books, formed by Sir Robert Coke. | Berket, Henry. Poemata, 1615, 4to. Privately "The Uistorii-al Appli.ation serves to confirm the account of , P"^^ ,"- , T^mps The Troasurv of Drue-s unlocked, his lordships aminhl,' .hanicter which was given by Mr. Fcnton; 1 Berlie, J. JameS. Ihe treasury 01 Drugs unioCKea, and though much ..iii.hr,! bv selected passages from other wri- , or a description of all sorts ol Duigs, Lon., IbyU. ters, has many valuable scutimeuts intermingled by the noble I Bernard, Andrew, an Austin Friar, born at lou- moraUst." — rark's Walpf^^s R. d: K. Authors. | Jouse, was Pacta Lanrcuiua to Henry VII. and Henry Berkeley, John. Collectanea Historica complexa ; VIII., historiographer, and also preceptor in Grammar, to ipsius Negotiationem Anni 1647 cum Olivario Cromwel, I Prince Arthur. He wrote some Latin pieces, which are in Ireton, et aliis Excrcitus Pra'fectis pro Revocatione Ca- roli I. in Regni Adininistrationem, Lon., 1699, 8vo. Berkeley, Joshua, D.D. The DiflEculties attending a just Explanation of the Scriptures considered, as they have arisen from the gradual Progress of revealed Reli- gion, through a length of time; a Sermon on 2 Tim. ii. 15, 17S0, 4to. [Visitation.] Berkeley, Mary, Countess Powager of. An Address to the House of Peers of the tliiitcd Kingdom, Lon., 1811, 8vo. On this claim a nuiulior of pamphlets have appeared. See Lowndes's Bildiographer's Manual. Berkeley, Rev. Thomas. Wilderness, or Prolu- sions in verse, 1811, 12tno. Berkeley, Sir William, d. 1677, for nearly 40 years governor of Virginia, was the author of A Discourse and View of Virginia, pp. 12, 1663, fob; The Lost Lady; A Tragi-Comcdy, 1639; and (according to the Biog. Dramat.) MS. in the Cottonian Libr.ary ; among these are an Address to Henry VIII., a Chronicle of the Life and Achievements of Henry VII. to the taking of Porkin Warbeck, and other historical commentaries on the reign of that king. " I am of opinion that it was not customary for the royal laure- ate to write in English, till the reformation of religion bad begun to diminish the veneration for the Latin language; or rather, tiU the love of novelty, and a better sense of things, had banished the narrow pedantries of monastic erudition, an'd taught us to cultivate our native tongue."— Wm-ton's Uktory of English BjelTij, vol. ii. Bernard, Charles. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1696. Bernard, Chris. Letter to the Netherlands, Oxon., 1655, fol. Bernard, Chris. Present State of Surgery, Lon., 1703, 4to. Bernard, Edward, D.D., 1638-1696, an eminent critic, astronomer, and linguist, was a native of Korth- a pl.ay called" Cordelia, 1662, not printed, ascribed to Sir \ amptonshire. In 1655 he was elected scholar of St William Hartley. In Francis Moryson's edit, of the Laws \ John's College, Oxford, of which he was subsequently a of Virginia, Lon., 1662. fob, the Preface informs us that Sir William was the author of the best of them. Berkenhead, Sir John. See Birkenhead. Berkenhout, Mrs. Ilelina. The History of Vic- toria Mortimer, Lon., 1S05, 4 vols. 12mo. Berkenhout, John, M.D.. b. about 1730, d. 1791, a native of Leeds, rose to the rank of Captain iu the Prus- sian service, then studied medicine, and added the claims of authorship and diplomacy to his other titles to distinc- tion. In 1778 he visited Philadelphia, by order of the English government, to assist in the negotiations with the American Congress. He has been very foolishly compared to the *' Admirable Crichton." His merits, however, are undoubtedly great. He pub. m.any professional, and other, works, of which we name a few : Clavis Anglica Linguse Bolnnicat! Linniei, 1762, 8vo. Pharmacopoeia Medicse, 1756, Svo; 3d edit, 1762, Outlines of the Natural His- tory of Great Britain and Ireland : containing an arrange- ment of all the animals, vegetables, and fossils, which have hitherto been discovered in these kingdoms, Lon., 1767-71, 3 vols. Svo; reprinted together in 1773; and a 2d edit, in 1788, 2 vols, Svo. under the title of A Synopsis of the Natural History of Great Britain, Ac. Biographia Literaria; or a Biogr.iphical History of Literature, con- taining the Lives of English, Scotch, and Irish, Authors, from tile dawn of Letters in these kingdoms to the present time, chronologically and classically arranged, vol. i., Lon., 1777, 4to ; this is all that appeared. Vol. i. com- prehends from the beginning of the 5th to the end of the 16th century. Vols. 2d and 3d were to have been de- voted to the authors of the 17th century, and vol. iv. (conclusion) would have taken in the time from 1700 to about 1777. " The lives are very short, and the author frequently introduces sentiments hostile to religious establishments and doctrines, which could not be very acceptal>le to English readers. The dates and fects, however, are given with great accuracy : and in many of the lives he profited by the assistance of George Steevens, Esq., the celebrated commentator on Sh.akspeare." A new edit, of Campbell's Lives of the Admirals, Lon., 1779, 4to. Symptomatology, Lon., 1781, 8vo. The First Lines of the Theory and Practice of Philosophical Che- mistry, Lon., 1778, 8vo, dedicated to Mr. Eden, afterwards Lord Auckland, wliom the doctor accompanied to America. Letters on Education, to his son at Oxford, 1791, 2 vols. 12mo. The doctor printed Proposals for a History of Middlesex, including London, 4 vols. fol. The design was abandoned, and the Proposals not circulated. The doctor also pub. treatises on Gout, 1772. Luculirations on Ways and Means. 1780, and a trans, of Dr. Pomme's Treatise on Hypochondria, &c., iu 1777. '■ When we rettect on the variety of books th.at bear his name, we cannot but ha surprised at the extent and variety of the know- ledge they contain. . . . .\n individual so universally informed as Dr. litTkenhout. is an extraordinary appearance in the republic of Jatters." — C/ialmers's Biog. Diet. 178 Fellow. He visited Holland three times in the course of his learned investigations. In the praiseworthy effort made at Oxford in 1670 to collect and publish the works of the ancient mathematicians, Bernard took an active part. He compiled a valuable synopsis of the authors se- lected for publication, which compilation will be found in Dr. Thomas Smith's Life of Bernard. It is to be regretted that the plan was not carried out with the same zeal which first suggested it. He drew up a very complete Index to the Catalogus Manuscriptorum Anglia; et Hiberniie, Oxon., 1697, fol. In this Index he specifies many valuable Greek MSS. in several foreign libraries, as well as those at home. In 1673 he succeeded Christopher Wren, to whom he had been deputy since 1669, as Savilian Professor of Astro- nomy at Oxford. His contributions to the works of his learned contemporaries were numerous. For a list, see Watt's Bib. Brit. Dr. Smith mentions one admirable trait in his character, which we desire in our present literary undertaking to profit by: " He was a candid judge of other men's performances; not too censorious even on trifling books, if they contained nothing con- trary to good manners, virtue, or religion; and to those which dis- played wit, learning, or good sense, none gave more ready and ample praise." — Life of Bernard. We would fain make our Index Expurgatorius as small as possible, yet at our own hazard must we reniemljer tho motto of our illustrious predecessors of the Ediulnirgli Review — the only line of Publius Syrius according to .Syd- ney Smith, with which the critics were acquainted; " Jndex Damnatur Cum Nocens Absoltiti-r." Many books from Dr. Bernard's Library were purchased for the Bodleian Library by the agency of Humphrey Wanley. '' The addition made to the Bodleian from Br. Bernard's study was of the greatest importance, and contained many of tho most valuable books, both printed and MSS.. nowin the library." See Wanley's interesting memoranda in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., vol. iv. 707. "He was a person admirably well read in all kinds of ancient learning, in Astronomy and Slatbematics. a curious Critic, an ex- cellent Grecian. Latini'st. Chronologer, and Orientalian.'" — Wood. Bernard, Sir Francis, Bart., d. 1779, Governor, first, of New Jersey, and afterwards of Massachusetts, pub. Letters to tho Earl of Hillsborough, and Letters to tho Ministry, Lon., 1769, Svo. Select Letters on the Tr.ado and Government of America, Ac, 1774, Svo, Some of his Greek and Latin Poems were pub. in the Pietas and Gra- tulatio, Camb.. 1761. Bernard, H. II. Guide to the Hebrew Biblical Stu- dent, Lon., Svo. The Main Principles of the Creed, and Ethics of the Jews. Ac, Camb., 1832, Svo, " Besides communicating to the English reader the sentiments, traditions, and s.avings of the ancient r.abbins quoted by Maimo- nidcs. the volume'will m.ateriallv contribute to supply the Biblical sludiMit with the means, at present scarcely within his reach, of acquiring an accurate knowledge of rabbinical Hebrew."— 2furac'« hitrodiuAion* BER See Brit.Crit., April 1833 ; and Christian Remembrancer, vol. xir., 1832. Bernard, John. Orntio de vera Anima Tranniiili- tato, Londini, 156.8, 4to. Trans, by Anth. Marten, Lon., Io70, 8vo. Bernard, John. The Independanfs Catechism, Lon., 1645, 8vo. ' Bernard, John. Retrospections of the Stage, 1830 Bernard, John Peter, a,ssisted Birch, Lockman, bale, and otlier.s in the compilation of the General Dic- tionary, Historical and Critical, [including Bayle's 1 1734- 41, 10 vols. fol. o J tj Bernard, Nathaniel. Sermon, O.ion., 1643 4to Bernard, Nicholas, D.D., d. 1661, was educ'ated'at the University of Cambri.I-e. By the interest of Arch- bishop Dsher he was promoted to the De.mery of Arila.'h A Sermon preached at the Burial of John Athcrtc.n iTist Bishop of Waterford, Lon., 1641, 4to. The publication ot this sermon gave much offence. The Whole Proceed i°S°^"V ^'"'"'' °^ I>roshed,a, Lon., 1642, 4to ; Dubl , ;/ rpv ^■•■''0S"° between Paul and Agrippa, Lon., 1642 4to. The Life and Death of Archbishop Usher, in a ser- mon preached at his Funeral, Lon., 1656, 12mo- after wards enlarged. The Judgment of Archhp. Usher on the Extent 01 Christ s Death and Satisfaction, on the Sabbath, and Observance of the Lord's Day, Lon., 1657 Rvo This treatise was noticed by Dr. Pete; Heylyn in Respondent Petrus, Ac., 16o8, 4to. Devotions of the Ancient Church, in seven pious prayers, Lon., 1660, 8vo. Clavi Trabales, ?■'. J??." °'' *'"' ^""^ '^""^ "'''er publications, of thJ"^ ? " ^/^.'i"' ''V.'°e "'■'">■ <>PP"'-'u"ities of takins notice R„' , / ' r^.'t? '".""'"^ oflcrninc and judgment of Mr. Bernard, emplnved hini in makins rnlLvtions fir some works he Th^'p v" j;";:!'"'*'?-' ""'' ■"•"■'" P^rti'ol^rl.v for the .Intiquities n? V!^9""m..fl Brit ' ■"" °°' "P'*''"' '" P""""^ *"'""' y^' ' Bernard, Richard, b. 1566, or 1.567, d. 1641, an emi- nent Puritan divine, was educated at Christ's College Cam- bridge. Terence's Comedies trans, into English 1598 4to • often reprinted; the first trans, into English of the whole 01 lerence. Plain Evidence that the Church of England is Apostolical, and the separation schismatical, leitf, 4to A Key tor opening the Mysteries of the Revelation of St. John Lon. lb 17, 4to. The Fabulous Foundation of the Popedom, showing that St. Peter was never at Rome, Oxf., 1619 4to Fai hful Shepherd, 1607, 4to. Looke beyond Luther Lon 1623, 4to. He pub. .several other jdeces agamst the Church of Rome. A Guide to Grand Jury- men with respect to Witches, Lon., 1627, 12mo. This part ^M wTT"'^' ^'■^■•'""S t" Granville, was much infected with Witches. The Isle of M.an, or legal proceedings in ,t, ?0 h?r1'!""i1^-'?' \?"- "'2'' 8™- The' work reached Hi, f P '" V'-l",' .So"*^ -suppose it to have been the germ of Bunyan s Pilgrim's Progress, and Holy War. Wo Bhall refer to this subject under Bunyan. The Bible Battels, or the Sacred Art Military, Lon., 1629, 12mo. Thesaurus Bibhcus sive Promptuarium .Sacrum, Londini, 4to, with portj-ait by Hollar, Lon., 1661, fol ■ enl.ar.'ed edit., 1664. Ruth's Recompense, &c., Lon., 1628, 4to, and other works. / » > "■"« Bernard, Samnel, Jr. The Es.sence, Spiritnalitv, and (glorious Issue of the Religion of Christ; to all God's chosen exhibited m Remarks on the '• Verily, Verilv " as "'n Jiir/i "PK '° "^"-^ P"'^ "f S"!ptare, 1807. 12mo. Bernard, Jhos. Advantagesof Learning, 1736 8vo Bernard, S.rThomas,1750-]SlS, son of Sir Frauds Bernard (see a,„e,) was educated at Harvard College, New fnt^Je,"il <■" ''T"-"' f"'.'^ ft'- years as conveyancer, of be n?hr '^"'Z '"'''"'''■ ''"■""^'' ^'' "f" '" the benefi of the public The improvement of the physical and reli- gious condition of the poor, and the literary and scientific advancement of the wealthier classes of society e,, .ally en! listed the ^eal .and called forth the energies of hi. mdv amiable man. The chimney-sweeper of St. Giles fel he S" Hrnhfv'-D""^" °' ^'^ ^-«™'-' interposTtion a'nd tl e Bn^Ji 7 .."•!? won undying laurels on the stage of the Royal Institution, which Sir Francis Bernard con- tributed to found. The Free Chapel in St. ffiles L British Institution, and the Hospital for Foundling bea? tTinlw'l ',?.'"? P''"''°«bropy of a man who ha'd'prac- lelf"^ In the e^", r1™ ""''; '"'■"' °f "^ '""^'h t» him- bJd th. ! • ^t'lWishment of the Royal Institution, he had the active co-operation of Count Rumford. See an in DTbd'in? B™"" ■ "^ '^^ ^''' ^''""'' ^' 'I'i^ Institution" in Dibdm s Reminiscences, vol. i. Sir Thomas pub. a number of w'orks on the obiects which to 'ZT-t, ".""■? \™rs ""'"'' "<= Observations relating to the Liberty of the Press, Lon., 1793, 8to. Letter tS BER ■the Lord Bishop of Durham on the Measures under consi- ''"';'"'™ °/ P""™ent for promoting Industry and the Relief of the Poor, 1807, 8vo. The New School; beins an attempt to illustrate its Principles and Advantages, 3d edit., 1810, 8vo. The Barrington School : being an Illus- tration of the Principles, Practices, and Effects of the Svs torn of Instruction, in facilitating the Religi,>us and Moral Instruction of the Poor, 1812, 8vo. An Account of the supply of Fish for the Manufacturing Poor, ISl'i 8vo On the Supply of Employment and Subsistence for the Labouring Classes in Fisheries, Manufactures, and Culti- vation of Waste Land, Ac, 1816. This good man also wrote Spurinua, or the Comforts of Old Age; with Notes and Biographical Illustrations, 1816, 8vo. The author had I taken the most certain means of securing the Comforts of (|ld Age by devoting his days of strength and activity to the g„od of his fellow-man, and the honour of his God ■ !u '""/'.ew of inducing others to seek true happiness in the unfailing source from which he had long dr.awn his own consolations, he pub. in 1806, An Historical View of Christianity, containing Select Pass.ages from Scripture with a Commentary by Edward Gibbon, Esq., and Notes by Lord \ iscount Bolingbroke, M. de Voltaire, and others. rrm-e tl" Tk'"",-"^."''',''^."'"' "f **■'" '^'"B"'" puMication is to u. bftl authentieity of Divine revelation from the testimony of ts bitterest enemies It is a very insenious method of turninR the weapons of unl.ehevers against themselves."— Lowndes He was connected with Dr. Dibdin in the publication of the Director, 2 vols., 1 807, 8vo, a weekly periodical, in which i jW "L I-e^'ufes delivered at the Royal Institution, I and the Pictures exhibited at the Bristol Gallery, occupy a prominent place His friend and coadjutor bears tesU- "°°y »° ">« "cellenee of the subject of our memoir. Sir Ihomas Bernard did much and great good as a philanthro- firr;„' ;>,■• , "■f'V'* to devot* the approaching autumn of his hfe to objects of real practical utility, and he made Bettfrino the CONDITION of TUE Poor one of those most essential ol™ How ard explored dungenns. Sir Thomas visited drawing-rooms to lav obWt"°In";ho°"t'b'""'°? *"■""' ^"PP"'^ °f l"^ avowrfiilin^ ^H. ,,■„., i,--*'i'"™''°'™™ ™'''y "'«■'«!<• to have become /■7.,;,io^ ahlt under his intluencc. Great efforts, on all sides, were m.^ ™?SuaN wr,b ';:'-^''"''^'"™«f ™t °f ""mber sprung up to " lesi m.2^!^TjCr'y,,nJ^Z',T'' '" satisfy our poor with bread.''- Bernard, n'iUiam Bayle, b. 1808, at Boston: he prepared for the press his father's '• Recollections of the Stage, and was the author of many popular plays, the best-known of which are: The Nervous Man and the Man of Nerve; Irish Attorney; The Mummy; His Last Legs; p.™'' /^'*l'<^'' ,™e Boarding-school; Round of Wrong Life s Trials. &c. °' Bernardi, Major John, 1657-1736. an English offi- cer descended from an ancient family which had fiourisbed at Lucca. Italy from the year 1097, was a zealous adhe- rent of James IL In 1696 ho was imprisoned as accom- plice m the plot for assassinating King William. There was no jproof against him, yet six successive parliaments (under four sovereigns) pa.ssed acts to detain him and five others m prison He died in Newgate, after a confine- ment of neariy forty years. He wrote an account of his Life. Lon.. 1729. 8vo. .See Biog. Brit Bernays, Leopold J. Goethe's Faust, part ii. A trans., partly in the Metres of the Original, and partly in de''m°'8vo "' "^ *^""="'^'" ^'^"^'i '-'* other Poems, '• Mr. Bernays. an idoUter of the poet, has rendered his extraor- dmary production partly into prose^and partly info the orighS metres; in both he has displayed a knowledge of hs priming and a command of the two lanBuages."_i„„. Literati (Se a,„,i)^;«^™Z™r' ^"■"' ^""' '"^ "'='"^'" tia-'nslation."- Berners, John Bonrchier, Lord, d. 1532, aged 63, a descendant of Edward IIL, Chancellor of the Ex- chequer under Henry VIII., and Deputy-General of Calais and Its Marches, is best known .as a translator of the grand old Chronicle of Froissart. Froissart, a canon of wo churches, was a resident of England, as Secretary to the Queen of Edward IIL. from 1361 to 1366 In 1395 he paid another visit to England. His Chronicle— which is one of the most enchanting pictures or picture-galleries ever devised by the wit and drawn by the pen of man —depicts the campaign of Edward III. upon the Conti- nent, and contemporaneous events in the princip.al conn- tries of Europe. In the formation of his history Froissart employed 40 years. That amiable enthusiast. Dr. Dibdin thus commends this author: ' ■■ Let mc press strongly on the ' Young Man's' attention tho importance, the mstruction. and the never-failing source of amus^ ♦ •'■ "' ^'^'"^^"'y- -"-hich has alike endeared the author t^"ht antiquary, the man of taste, and even to the lover of romantic lore. The pages of Froiss.irt exhibit a perfectly natural and ulea^ ing picture. Conversations, skkmishes, battle^the couXy tht 179 BER lown-scenes within the tent, the palace. orthechiirch-thequiet-| of oastoral occupations, or the tumult of a popular assembly— i ?heM!and every thing which he touches, are hit off ma manner the most simple and striking imaginable; and ?fvere indeed must he that taste, and fastidious that feeling, which shall deny to the , pages of this historian the merit of great ", <='-^< 'nff bandit aooarent fidelity. His episodes are occasionally delightful, and it fs evident that he was fond of them. Ue has also a peculiar art u suspending the main narrative, (when the interest .^ l.e™i^"?S more and more intense,) by the relation of a number of little cir^ "umstances which only makes us return to it wMth a keener appe- tit" It cannot be denied that Froissart has admirably de- scribed the campaigns of our Edward upon the Continent, when the British arms were covered with glory, when a spiiit of chi *hf, amounting to the romantic, stirred eve,7 ''^''^^'•••'■f '!:;"'^:J everv arm The splendours of Cressy and Poictiers are but slisWly Sd™ at all' by the achievements of Aginconrt and W aterloo." -^"ur,2T:'rT..i Froissartr-'No,' was Morton's answer ■I have h Ufa "'ind.' said Claverhouse, ' to contrive you should have sU n onths" mprlsonment, in order to procure you that plea- ™re His chapters inspire me with more enthusiasm than poetry itself.'"— OW Mm-Uditl) As the name of Monstrclet is closely associated with Froissart, wo may mention that the history of the former, the Chronicles of France and England, comprehencls the period from 1400 to 1467, continued by others to 1616. [see notice of the translations of Froissart and Monstrclet, by Colonel Thomas Johnes, under his name.) Lord Ber- ners's translation of Froissarfs Chronicles, made by com- mand of Henry VIII., has been highly commended. "A soldier a statesman, and a scholar, this nobleman was sm- ..nlarlv well adapted for the tosk which he undertook. Indeed, ?o^sM^e,rng the pStd of its completion, it was a sort of hterary miracle.-— DiBDiN : iita-ary ComiKnjion. In correctness, as well as in other valuab e qualities, Lord Berners's translation has been considered superior to that of C.°1™';1 Jf^f/i^-^f y, „,M„al. Lord Berners's transla- Si-t SiSrivTiT^LS fib '^^J a tT.aSion;'-From tU reprint of PymmS Ut edU. oj 1523--5 . E. V. UTTERSON. . T -no OK Lord Berners's translation first appeared in \b2i-Zb, printed by Pynson in two folio volumes. A per ect copy of this edition is very rarely to be found : so d at the Rox- burohe sale, 7988, for £63. The latter portion of the se- coi'd volume is sometimes "made up" from the reprint by ^'i'il^^C'^'ie^rint of 1812, 4to, two vols, [by E. V. Utte. son 1 mlv rest perfectly satisfied that he has the text of Lord Iler- ne^-s a" CO rectly given as in the first edition by Pynson, with .a ereatnumbe? of proper names, in places and persons corrected fnto the bargain. If, however, the -Young Man' sigh, and sigh deepll for he oik-bounden impression of Pynson. he must pur- chase it-but with caution and previous collation. -DlBDl.v. Wo give a list of translations by Lord Bernors. The reader will notice the variable orthography of the name and title of the knight; of those cited no two are altoge- ther alike. 1. The Chronicles of Englande, Frannce Snnyne, Portyngale, Scotlande, Bretayne Flaunders, and lllr Places adionynge, traslated out of Frenche intoour matcrnall Englysshe Tonge, by JoA.-ii *""■''""• ^" '>n « Ames, iv., TlO There las a new edition by E. V Utterson, pub Lon., 1814, 4to; with a series of plates from illummatcd 3. The'Famons E..cploits of Huon do Bourdeanx trans ty Sir Join BourM.r, Lord Bernrrs Lon 1601, 4to ; ..d edit. Done at the desire of the Earl of Huntingdon. '''"4°The^golden Boke of Marcus Aurelins, Emperour and Oratour, translated out of Frenehe into Englisho by Jo/>n BourcJner, Knmhte, Lordc Earners. London in the House of Tho. Bertlielet, (1534,) 16mo. Thirteen editions be- tween 1534 and 1587 ! Undertaken at the desire ol his ucphew, Sir Francis Bryan. , . , 6. The Castle of Lone, translated out of Spaynyshe into 180 BER Eoglvsbe by Join Bowrehier Kmjghl Lord Berners Impr. bv me Robert Wyer, 8vo. Dedicated to the lady of Sir Nicholas Carew, at whose desire he translated it trom the ^Telto composed a book entitled Of the Duties of the Inhabitants of Calais, and a Comedy called It* in Vineam, which was usually acted in the great Church at Calais ''""evera'iwters by Lord Berners occur in the Bri«sh Museum roTTON Call". D. ix.. Vesp. C. i. and ¥. xin., U.iai.., 295. In \ e^ pasta &L, 147, is an original dispatch from lord Berners and John kite to king Ilenrv the Eighth, giving an account of their ;^oterv^wwi?h Charles, king of Castile and Arragon, This is very curious, and has been reprinted in Utterson's edition of Froissart, i^re&cev V2"—Xotcin Bliss's Woxl-sAthen.Oxm •^ " LordBerners was instructed in several sorts of learning in tW° unive?sTty in the latter end of K. Edw. 4: in whose reign ^nd befcre were the sons of divers of the English nobil.y edu- cated inlciScal literature in Baliol Coll., wherein as tis pro- table this our author was instructed also. After he had left the Xtm de^him first knVn to. hwori^^^^^^^^^ rhe\rruftl»n;?aef»(blacUsmith,abo^^^^ '''.^^:!jgnl"^eTafS]".o'lie?"r^p;;^7hormeiI.V^^^^ been a fl^'traveller and great linguist, he translated ^any books out of French, Spanish, and It.alian. besides some of his own ™ak°nK [Bale de Scriptoribus Britannicis Cent vii.. nuni .., and wis in anno 1M2.] 1 behold his as the second (accounting the ford'Tiptof^the flrsi) noble hand. wMch since the decay ^jearn- in» tnokanen therein, to be authorof a book, —fuller's n/Mliiici,. f-But I have shown that Lord Berners was but^the fifth wiit«r I among the nobUity, in order of time."- Tnod devoutly in saying affect uously your custumable prayer; aud, thus doyn^e. ye shall eschewe and voyde many vices." In order that the angler might betake him or herself quietly, and without attracting attention and company, to their "fysshynge dysporte," she gives instructions for a ■walking cane-rod, which should give no indication of the anticipated " dysporte," and the bewitching, though it must be confessed rather sly, Juliana triumphantly declares, " And thus shall ye make you a rodde so prevy, that ye may walk therwyth; and there shall noo man wyte where abowte ye goo.'' See an article on Angling in the London Quarterly lie- view, vol. Ixvii. The book on Armory commences with the following curious piece of sacred heraldry : "Of the offspring of the gentilman Jafetb, come Habraham, Moyses. .A.ron, and the proft-ttys: and also the kyng of the right lyne of IMary, of whom that gentilman Jhesus was borne, very God and man : after his manh-iode kynge of the land of .lude and of Jues. u;entilman by his niodre Mary, prince of cotearmure, &c." Berrey, G. J. Legal treatise, Lon., lSo3, 12mo. Bcrriau, William, D.D., Rector of Trinity Church, New York City. 1. Travels in France and Italy in 1S17- 18, N. York. 1820. 8vo. 2. Devotions for the Sick-Room, I2mo. 3. Enter thy Closet, 12mo. 4. Family and Private Prayer.s 12mo. 5. On the Communion, 18mo. 6. Sailors' Manual, ISmo. 7. Hist. Sketch of Trinity Church, N. York, 1847. 8vo. 8. Recollections of Departed Friends, 1850, 12mo. Ed., with Memoir, Works of Bishop Hobart, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo. Berridge, John, 1716-1793, entered at Clare Hall, 1794, vicar of Everton. 1755. The Christian World un- masked: pray come and peep, 1773, 8vo ; 1824, 8vo; with Life, Letters, Farewell Sermons, aud Zlon's Songs. Berriman, John, 1689-176S, educated at St. Ed- mund's Hall, Oxford, became Rector of St. Alban's. Lon- don, 1744. The Case of Naboth considered, &c., 1721, 8vo. Eight Sermons at Lady Moyer's Lecture, 1741, 8vo. Entirely of the critical kind, noting above 100 Greek MS. of St. Paul's Epistles, many not before collated. A Criti- cal Dissertation on 1 Tim. iii. 16, 1741, 8vo. ** In this work are noticed several frlarint; and unpardonable errors in the impressions of the Bible durin^i the 17th century. A copy is in the British Museum, with the author's MS. notes." — Lowndes. See Orme's Bib. Bibl. He edited 2 vols, of his brother William's sermons, pub., 1760. Berriman, William, D.D., 1688-1750, brother to the preceding, was entered, at 17, of Oriel College, Oxford. By close application he became well versed in the (Jreek, Hebrew, Chaldee, Arabic, and Syriac tongues. The Trini- tarian Controversy elicited his first publications. A Sea- sonable Review of Mr. Whiston's Account of Primitive Doxologies, Lon., 1719, 8vo. A Second Review of the same, 1719. 8vo. These pieces recommended him to the notice of Dr. Robinson, Bishop of London, who in 172U appointed him his domestic chaplain, and in 1722 collated him to the living of St. Andrew-Undershaft. In 1727 he became a Fellow of Eton College. An Historical Account of the Trinitarian Controversy, in 8 Sermons, delivered at Lady Moyer's Lecture, in 172,3-24; pub. 1725, Svo. In Dr. Conyers Middleton's Introductory Discourse to the Inquiry into the miraculous powers of the Christian Church, ami in the Inquiry also, Dr. Berriuian was noticed with much severity. In 1731 Berriman pub. by way of rejoinder, A Defence of some passages in the Historical Account. In 1733 he pub. Brief Remarks on Mr. Chandler's Intro- duction to the History of the Inquisition, which was fol- lowed by a Review of the Remarks. Both of these were answered by Chandler. The Gradual Revelation of the Gospel from the time of Man's Apostasy : 24 sermons preached at the Lecture founded by the Hon. Robert Boyle, 1730, '31, '32, Lon., 1733, 2 vols. 8vo. He pub. a number of occasional sermons, &c. After his death 2 vols., 40 ser- mons, were pub. by his brother, and in 1763 1 vol., 19 ser- mons, appeared. Berrin^^ton. See Berington. Berrow, C'apel. Sermons, 1746. A Pre-oxistent Lapse of Human Souls, demonstrated from Reasim, shewn to be the opinion of the most eminent writers of antiquity, sacred and profane. Proved to be the groundwork, like- wise, of the Gospel Dispensation ; and the medium through which many material objects, relative thereto, are set in a clear, rational, and consistent light, 1762, 8vo. " AUn^retber undeservinji of the public attention : it is a crude and irret^ular prudnction. neither to lie commended for its matter nor its style. The alleviations from Scripture are weak and uncriti- cal; the arguments, drawn from the depravity of the mind, are declamatory and false, and several of the authorities are misrepre- sented, aud at best nothing to tht- purpose." — Lon. Monthly Mevkw. Deism not consistent with the Religion of Nature and Reason, 1780. 4to. Berry, Charles. Sermons on the Duty of National Thanksgiving, 1812. Berry, Francis. See Whitcher. Berry, Rev. Henry, was connected with the British Farmer's Mag. He wrote Improved Short Horns, and their pretensions stated, Lon., 1830, 8vo. Berry, Mary, 1762-1S52. Her father, sister Agnes, and herself were the literary executors of Sir Horace Wal- pole, and under their supervision his works were pub. in 5 vols. 4to. The writings of Miss Berry, entitled England and France, &c., were pub. by her in 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1844. She defended Walpole from the strictures of Lr.ril Mac- aulay in Edin. Rev. In 1840 she ed. and pub. for the first time Sixtv Letters from Walpnle to Her.'^eif and Sister. Berry, Richard. Sermon, Dubl., 1672, fol. Berrv, Robert. Works of Horace Walpole, 5 vols., 1798, r. 4to. Berry, "William, Clerk to the Register of the College of Arms. An Introduction to Heraldry, Lon., 1810, 8vo. History of the Islaad of Guernsey, from the remotest period of antiquity to the year 1814; with Particulars of the neighbouring Islands of Alderney, Serk, and Jersey, 1815, 4to. Genealogica Antiqua; or Mythological and Classical Tables, Lon., 1816. fol. Genealogia Sacra, or Scripture Tables, Lon., 1819, 4to. *' Chietly confined to the patriarchs aud descendants of our first parents, with references . . . The i-hronolotriral dates are taken from Blair. Usher, and others. An alphabetical index is subjoined, which flii>ilitates reference to this unassuming publication." — T. H. HORNE. Encyclopedia Heraldioa. or Complete Dictionary of Heraldry : with the Supplement, 4 vols. 4to, 1828-40. '•The best modern dictionary of heraldry: it embraces the greater part of Edinondson and others." Pedigrees of Berks, Bucks, and Surrey Families, 1837, fol., £5 5«. Do. Essex Families, 1841, fol., £2 15s. Do. Hampshire Families, 1833, fol., £6 6«. Do. Hertford- shire Families, 1844 and '46, fob, £3 10«. Do. Kent Families. 1830, fob, £6 6^. Do. Sussex Families, 1830, fob, £fi 6s. Bert, Ed- Treatise of Hawkes and Hawking, Lon., 1619. 4to. Bertezen, S. Food for Silk-worms, Lon.. 17S9, 8vo. Bertie, Willoughby, Earl of Abingdon, 1740-1799. Thoughts on Mr. Burke's Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, on American Affairs, Oxf., 1777, 8vo; 6th ed. enlarged, 1780. Letter to Lady Loughborough, (ascribed to him.) Many editions, 1789. Speech on the Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1793, »8vo. "One of the most steady and intrepid assertors of Hbei-ty in this age." — Editr/r nf Wilkes's S]^eches. Berton, William, flourished about 1381, a divine, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford, was a zealous opponent of Wickliffe. 1. Determinationes contra Vicle- vum. 2. Sententia a super justa ejus Condemnatione. 3. Contra ejus Articulos. Bale and Pits give very dif- ferent opinions of his character. Bertram, Charles, an English antiquary, Professor of the English language in the Royal Marine Academy of Copenhagen. Ethics, or Select Thoughts from several Authors, the words accented to render the English pro- nunciation easy to foreigners. Britannicarum Gentium Historise Antiquse Scriptures tres, — Ricardus Corinensis — Gildas Badonicus — Neunius Banchorensis — recensuit Notisque et Indice auxit Car. Bertramus, Haun. 1757, Svo. Stukeley, to whom Bertram communicated a copy of the MS., pub. an edit, of the first treatise in the above work in London. Its authenticity has been much doubted. lit BER BET Berwick, Marshal, Duke of, 1670-1734, illegiti- mate sou of James II. (when I)uke of York) and Arabella Churchill. Memoirs, written by himself, with a continua- tion, pub. by the Duke of Fitz-James, trans, from the French, {Paris, 1778, 2 vols. i;imo,) Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 8vo. Berwick, Edward. Theolog. and Biographical Works, Lon., 1809, '11, '111, '15, '17. Berwick, John, D.D. Deceivers Deceived, Serm., 1661, 4to. Bery, John. Sermon, Lon., 1617, 4to. Besoduu, or Beston, John, Prior of the monastery of Carmelite Friars at Lynn, in Norfolk, graduated at Cambridge and Paris. 1. Super Universalia Ilolcothi. 2. Compendium Theologian. 3. Determinationum Liber. 4. Sacrarum Concionum Liber. 5. Sermones in Evangclia. 6. Sermones in Epistolas. 7. Leeturte SacrsE Scripture. 8. Rudimenta Logices. 9. De Virtutibus et Vitiis oppo- sitis. 10. Epistolarum Libri Duo. 11. De Trinitate : and another set of Sermons. — Bale j Pits; Tanner; Leland; Hose's Bioy, Diet. '•He was extremely well versed in natural philosophy, and a considerable divine." — Lel\nd. " He was a very fluent and elegant preacher in his own language, and an acute disput-aut in the schools," — Bale. " He used in his sermnus to open and explain the fourfold sense of the Scriptures with the utmost perspicuity." — Al\n de Lynn. " He had a very happy gi-nius and a solid judgment, and was eminent for his piety and knnwl.d.i^e iiotb in divine and human learning; he was highly npplaud.-d tnr his subtility in disputing, and his eloquence in the pulpit." — I'ns. Besombe, Robert. Sermon, 1634. Svo. Besse, Joseph. Collection of the Sufferings of the People called Quakers, for the Testimony of a good Con- science, Lon., 1763, 2 vols. fol. The 1st vol. contains the persecutions in the English Counties, alphabetically ar- ranged ; the 2d includes N. America, "»^) It produced about £20. Practical Economy Exi)buned and Enforced, in a Series of Lectures, by the brothers Alexander and John, was pub. in 1S09. In this year John died. Tho Scottish Peasant's Fireside, a Series of Tales and Sketches illustrating the Character of the Peasantry of Scotland, made its appearance in 1843. In 1S41 some Poems left by John were pub. with a sketch of the author's life by his brother. Alexander followed his brother to the grave in 1843. William Crombie, author of Hours of Thought, I Ac, pub. in 1845 Memoirs of Alexander Bethune, em- bracing Selections from his Correspondence and Literary Remains. " The quantity of verse and prose which he [John Bethune] produced, under the circumstances, was truly astonishing. If printed in full, they would occupy several volumes. As &r as we ran judge from the specimens in the books which are before us, the lanL'u;vzp was always correct, the lines smooth and flowin,^, and tln' ibymes p;ood: but of course he had little ran^e of thought nr copi aismss of diction, and further cultivation of mind would pii)l>;iltly b;ive induced him to abandon poetry for prose." — (From an iiiterestintr article, to which we are indebted for the above pai"- ticulars. by Francis liuwen, in N. Amer. llev.. vol. Ixvii., 184S.) •' Tlie penisal of this book [Tales and iSketchea of the Scottish Peasantry, by Alexander Bethune] has affected us nmre than any thing we have read for many years past, and has revived in our i bosom recollections of youth aud ruiul manucrB, which, though BET BEV tbey may be dormant for a time, amid the enjjrossing cares of the world, ran never be oblitei;itt.-d, and can never die. . . . All is na- ture, all is real, because tbr author, instead of drawing out his imagination, has written nothing but what he himself has seen or known." — EiHiiimrgh CVirrnnch. Bethuue, George W., D.D., b. 1S05, a miuister of the Dutch Refitrmed Churt-h, is well knowu as an accom- plished scholar and eloquent pulpit orator. Dr. Bethune is a native of the city of New York. }Ie has been sta- tioned successively at Rhinebeek, Utica, Philadelphia, and Brooklyn, in which latter city he now (1858) resides. Dr. Bethune has been offered and has declined the chaplaincy of the UuKcil St;!tL's Military Academy at V^Gst Point, the Cbancelloi>lii|i u[' iho New York University, and the Pro- fc-ssnrsbip '«r l-](Tlesiiisf icul History and Church Government in the Theological .Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church. He i.s author and editor of a number of volumes : A Word to the Afflicted; British Female Poets; Lays of Love and Faith: Fruit of the Spirit; History of a Penitent; Sermons; Orations and Occasional Discourses, etc. His edition of AValton's Complete Angler, with an exceedingly valuable bibliographical preface, Ac, has been highly commended. This work was compiled in the chance moments of relief from graver studies. *' I lost no time by it," the editor remarked to the present writer, "for it was the occupation of moments when others would have been looking out of the windows." •' The American portion of the work," [The Complete Angler,] remarks a critic, *■ so rich in rare scholarship, indicates both the research and the sentiment desirable in a true brother of the angle. There is always a dash of poetry in such men — displaying itself in a love of nature or a vein of sentiment. The latter predomi- nates in Dr. Bethune." Lays of Love and Faith ; with other Poems. *' The songs in this volume are particularly melodious and ten- der, and there is a relish of mingled scholarship and fuu in some of the epi^^rama, most rare in these days. The Poems are intro- duced to the reader in a sonnet which so happily characteiizes their most characteristic qualities, that we quote it as more to the point than any further remarks of our own: " As one arranges in a simple vase A little store of unpretending flowers, So gathered I some records of past hours. And trust them, gentle reader, to thy grace; Nor hnpi- th:it in my pages thou wilt tj-ace The hriiliaiit proof of high poetic powers; But dear memorials of my happy days, ■When heaven shed blessings ou my heart like showers; Clothing with beauty even the desert place; Till I, with thankful gladness in my looks, Turned me to God, sweet miture, loving friends, Christ's little children, well-worn ancient books, The charm of art, the rapture music sends; And sang away the grief that on man's lot attends." iVfw York Literary World. A large number of Dr. Betbune's Sermons and Addresses have been printed: among them are his annual discourses before The Foreign Evangelical Society, The American Sunday-School Union, The A. B. C. Foreign Missions, &c. He has delivered Phi Beta Kappa Oratinus at Dartmouth, Harvard, and Brown Universities, and Orations at Yale and other Colleges. Bethune, John. Allan of Olway, 1815, 8vo. Bethune, John. See Bkthunf, Alexander. _ Betterton, Thomas, 1635-1710, a celebrated Eng- lish actor, wrote several dramatic pieces, and altered a number for the stage. The Biog. Dramatica gives the fol- lowing list : " 1. The Koman Viririn ; or Unjust Judge, T.. 4to, 1679. 2. The Revenge; or a Match in Newgate. C.,4to. ITiSO. 3. The Prophetess; or the History of Dioclesian, Altered, O., With a ."Masque, 4to, 1090. 4. King Henry the Fourth, with The Ilumour-s of Sir John Falslaff, T. C., 4to, 1700. 0. The Amorous Widow; or. The Wanton Wife, C. 4to, 1706. 6. Sequel of llvnvy the Fourth, Svo, N. D., [1719.] 7. The Bondman; or. Love and Liberty, T. C, 8vo, 1719. 8. The Woman made a Justice, Com., N. P. " Of these we have not much more to say. than that those which are properly his own are not devoid of merit, and those which he has only altered have received an advanta'_'e from his amendment.*' Among other eloquent eulogies upon Mr. Betterton, we may refer to those of CoUey Cibber, Anthony Aston, and Addison. '* Such an actor as Mr. Betterton oupht to be recorded with the same respect as Roscius anion.e the Romans. ... I have hardly a n"tion that any performance of antiquity could surpass the action of Mr. Betterton in any of the occasions in which he has appeared on our st,i^e." — Addison: TafJer. No. 167. " Betterton was an actor, as Shakspeare was an author, both withnut competitors, formed for the mutual assistance and illus- tnitinn of each other's eenius." — Coli.kt CiimER. Bettesworth, Charles. Sermon, 1712, Svo. Bettesworth, John. Educational works, 1778-87. Bettie, W. Ilistorie of Titania and Thesevs, Lon., le.-ie, 4to. '■This has all the guise and manner in title, composition, and pilnting, to have appeared near half a century earlier." See the account of this curious volume in the British Bibliographer, ii. 430-4;:'.7. Betton, T. R., M.D. Trans. Regnault's Chemistry, Phila.. lsjL», 2 vols. Svo. Belts, John, M.B., Physician-in-Ordiuary to Charlea II. De Urtu et Xatura Sanguinis, Lon., IGC't), Svo. To which was afterwards added Medicinaj cum Philusophia Natural! consensus, Lon., 1GH2, Svo. '• After the first edit, of this book came out, it was reflected upon by George Thompson. M.D., in his book entit. The True Way of Preserving the Blood in its Integrity, Ac, [Lon., 1670, 8vo.] Dr. Betts alrtu pub, Anatomia Thoime Parri, &c., — which book waa drawn lip by Ur. William Harvey." — Wood. Belts, Joseph. Comets' Motions; Phil. Trans., 1744. Bells, Robert. Body of Divinity, drawn into a Table, 1636, 4to. Belts, S, R. Admiralty Prac. in the Cts. of the U.S. for the Southern District of Xew York, N.Y., 1838. Svo. Belly, Jos. The Divine Institution of the Ministry, and the Absolute Xecessity of Church Govt., 1729, Svo. Beiitanius, a British divine and historian of the 7th century, was the instructor of the celebrated Nennius, after- wards abbot of the mimastcry of Bangor. Eeulanius is said to have written a work entitled De Gonealogiis Gentium. Beulanius, Samuel, son of the preceding, was born in Northumberland and educated in the Isle of Wight. '■lie was a man of a very humane. and mild disposition, a good historian, and well skilled in geometry. He gave an jiccurate description of the Isle of "Wight from hia own observations, as well as from the accounts of Ptolemy and Pliny." He also wrote Annotations upon Nennius, a History of the actions of King Arthur in Scotland, and an Historical Itinerary. Leland is of opinion that he was a monk. Bevan, Henry. Thirty Years' Residence in India, Lon., ]s;;t|, 2 vols. p. Svo, Bevan, Joseph Gurney, a writer of considerable note, a member of the Society of Friends. A Refutation of some of the most modern Misrepresen- tations of the Society of Friends, commonly called Quar- kers, with a Life of James Nayler. *tc.. Lon., 1800. Svo. " Bevan is the ablest of the Quaker apologists. He writes with good sense, good temper, and good feeling, and has for the nu-st part di- vested himself of that vague and unsatisfactory mysticism in which the Quaker advocates have embedded themselves." — Lowndes. A Short Account of the Life and Writings of Robert Barclay. Lun., 1802. 12mo. Memoirs of the Life of Isaac Penington ; to which is added, a Review of his writings, Lon., 18117. Svo. The Life of the Apostle Paul, as related in the Scriptures, «fec., with select Notes, critical, explana- tory, and relating to Persons and Places, and a Map of the Countries in which the Apostle travelled, Lon., 1S07, Svo. "The narrative of St. Paul's lif..- is studiously related in the very words of Scripture, having only such additional matter as is ne- ces.sary to introduce or connect the several parts. Attention, how- ever, has been paid to the task of selecting, ft-om different parts of the New Testament, such passages as belong to the regular chain of the history. The notes are principally selected from the be.st critics and commentators, and those whii-h are geographical are the most conspicuous, and stamp a real val ue on the work ; whi<-h, though designed for young persons of his own religious communion, (The Society of Friends.) may be studied with advantage by those of every other cla.^is of Christians, especially such as have nnt many cnnimentators within their reach, ' without danger of finding any thing introduced which can give the smallest bias towards any principle that is not really and truly Christian.' "—Home's Iniro- ditdi'm ; British Critic, O. S. vol. sxxiii. ■'This work does credit to the taleuts and pii?ty of the writer; and is interesting as affording some explanation of the theological sentiments of the Quakers.'' — Orme's Bih. Bibl. A Reply to so much of the Sermon of H. P. Dodd as re- lates to the scruple of the Quakers against all Swearing, Lon., 1806. Svo. Thoughts on Reason and Revelation, particularly the Revelation of the Scriptures, Lon.,IS10,8vo. Bevan, Richard. Imprisonment for Debt, Lon., 1781. Svo. Bevan, Sylvanns. Con. to Phil. Trans., Ac. 1743. Bevan, Thomas. Lord's Prayer E.xpounded, Lon., 167.S. Svo. Bevans, John. A Defence of the Christian Doctrines of the Society of Friends against the charge of vSocini- anism, Ac; to which is prefixed a Letter to J. Evans, Lon., 1805, Svo. "An important Tract in defence of the Society of Friends.'* — Lowndes. A Brief View of the Doctrines of the Christian Religion as professed by the Society of Friends, Lon., ISll, 12mo. A Vindication of the Authenticity of the Narratives con- tained in the first Two Chapters of the Gospel of St. Matthew and St. Luke, &c. By a Layman, Lon., 1822, Svo. '■In this very elaborate work the authenticity of Matt. i. and ii. and Luke i. and ii. are most satjsfactoiilv vindicated from the ..b- jections of the Editors of the Unitarian Version of the Xew Test** BEV ment: Tvhose disfngemious alterations in succeSRiveoditinnRof that I work are exposed in the Appendix." — Hivw's Iiifr'itindum. 1 Bever, Thomas, LL.D., 1725-1781. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, April 5, 1758, delivered lectures on Civil Law. In 1766 he pub. the introduction to the course under the title of A Discourse on the Study of Jurispru- dence and the Civil Law, Lon., 4to. The History of the Legal Polity of the Roman State ; and of the Rise, Pro- gress, and E.xteut of the Roman Laws, Lon., 1781, 4to. " In this worlv he has made deep researches into the constitution of the Itomau State, and displays au extensive fund of learning, connected with the investigation of the Civil Law."' " He was a better scholar than writer, and a better writer than pleader."— Dn. CooTE. " Bever's Legal Polity is a copious, and. we fear, a somewhat tedious, work, which, however, is not destitute of merit. It was translated into the German language by Volkel. who has corrected many of his errors, for the author left many errors to correct. Bever writes like a schokar and a man of ability, but he laboured under the disadvantage of being, in a great measure, unjicquainted with the best civilians of the continent, more especially those of recent date."— Dr. Irvino. '• He has. with great perspicuity, traced the progress of the civil law through a series of near two thousand years. He intended, in another volume, to have continued his history to a later period, which never was carried into execution." — ^f^lnun's Lrtyal Bill. Beveridge, John, a native of Scotland, was in 1758 appointed Profcs.-'or of Languages in the College and Academy of Philadelphia. He pub. in 1715 a vol. of Latin poems, entitled Epistolte familiares et alia qutedam mis- eellaneee. *' In an address to .Tohn Penn he suggests that a conveyance to him of some few acres of good land would be a proper i-eturn Ibr the poetic mention of the Penn family. The I^atin hint was lost upon the Englishman. The unrewarded poet continued to ply the birch in the vain attempt to govern 70 or 80 ungovernable bovs." Beveridge, Thomas. A Practical Treatise on the Forms of Process ; containing the new regulations before the Court of Sessions, inner House, outer House, and Bill Chamber, the Court of Teinds and the Jury Court, Edin., 2 vols. 8vo, 1826. "Mr. Beveridge's Treatise on the Forms of.Tudicial Proceedings in Scotland, is the best manual of practice to which the lawyer, practitioner, or student, can refer: and. indeed, it has superseded every other publication iu regard to our judicial procedure." — 1 Eilin. L, r. cxxxiii. Beveridge, William, D.D., 16.',6-'.';7-170S. was a native of Barrow, in Loicestcrshii-e, of which parish his grandfather and brother were successively vicars. In 1653 he was admitted a sizar of St. John's College, Cam- bridge. He applied himself with so much assiduity to the study of the oriental tongues, that at the age of 18, he com- posed (published when he was 20) a treatise on their great utility, entitled Do Linguarum Orientalium, pr.tscrtim Hebraicie, Chaldaica?, Syriacas, Arabica^, et Samaritanse, Prsestantia et Osu, cum Grammatica Syriaca, tribus Libris tradita per G. Beveridgium, Lon., 1658, 8vo. This trea- tise was compiled for the use of those who desired to study Walton's Polyglot. A 2d edit, of the treatise, and also of the Syriac Grammar, was pub. in 1654. In 1660-61 he received* holy orders, and shortly afterwards was collated by Bishop Sheldon to the vicarage of Ealing, in Middle- sex. In this pariah ho remained for nearly 12 years. In 1669 ho pub. his Institutionem Chronologicarum Libris duo una cum totidem Arithinetices Chronologicse Libellis. 4to. " Professedly no more than a manual of the science of which it treats, but extremely u.seful to those who wish to understand its technical part, being clear of those obscurities by which Scaliger and Petau had embarrassed it." In 1672 he pub. his principal work, — Synodicon, sive Pandectjo Canonum S. S. Apostolorum et Conciliorum ab Ecclesia Grajca receptorura, rcsented a remarkable instance of the reception of proferment from three successive Bishops BEV of'TCondon. In 1691 he declined the see of Bath and Wells, vacated by the deprivatiou of Dr. Thomas Ken, a non-juror. In 1704 he was consecrated Bishop of St. Asaph. Here, as in his former positions, he zealously la- boured for the increase of piety in the church. Sermons were preached on Sunday eveuings in some of the largest churches; the custom of weekly communion was revived; societies were established for the suppression of vice, and " the poor had the gospel preached to them." Two socie- ties were established — For Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and Promoting Christian Knowledge, — to which the bishop left the principal part of his estate, and which are this day (1868) carrying out his pious intentions. Bishop Beveridge deservedly gained the title of " the great reviver and restorer of primitive piety." To aid his clergy in the duty to which he urged them of thoroughly ground-*- ing their people in the fundameutals of Christianity, he prepared and sent to them The Church Catechism Ex- plained; for the Use of the Divines of St. Asaph, Lon., 1704, 4to; several times reprinted. After holding his see for about three and a half years, this good man died in his 71st year in his apartment in the cloister in Westmin- ster Abbey. Ho was a widower without children. He left his library to St. Paul's, for the benefit of the clergy in London. Among his other bequests is one intended to revive the custom of daily public prayer. He bequeathed to the curacy of Mount-Sorrel, and vicarage of Barrow, Leicester, £20 per annum forever, on condition that prayers be read morning and evening every day according to the Liturgy of the Church of England, in the chapel and parish church aforesaid. A few occasional sermons, and the Exposition of the Catechism, are the only works pub. by the bishop in English. But from his MSS. his executor, Mr. Timothy Gregory, pub. a number of works : Thesaurus Theologicus, or a complete system of Divinity, Lon., 1710, 4 vols. 8vo. " This system is summed up in notes upon select places of the Old and New Testaments : wherein the s.icred text is reduced un- der proper heads, explained and illustrated, with the opinions and authorities of the ancient fathers, councils, 4c." Other editions, in 2 vols., 1816, '20, '23, '28. 150 Ser- mons and Discourses on several subjects, Lon., 1709-14, 12 vols. 12mo; 1720. 2 vols. fol. " The Sermons of such as Bps. Reynolds and Beveridge. of Mil- ner. Kicbardsnu. Simeon. Ac. will furnish luore especially those evjingeliial dnctrines. which, clearly exhibiting salvation by Chi-ist, are alone eminently blessed of God in giving spiritual life to the hearers." — Bickerstetu. There have been several "Selections" pub. from the bishop's sermons by Glasse. Dakins, Ac. Private Thoughts upon Religion, digested into 12 Articles, with Practical Resolutions framed thereupon, Lon.. 1709, 8vo. Nume- rous editions. Written when only 23 years of age. " Beveridge's Private Thoughts are most valuable, and fit to be read by a young minister." — Dr. DoddkitiOE. " They have been of inestimable service to the Church, from the deep piety and devotion and evangelical sentiments of the excel- lent bishop." — Bn.'KEPvSTETB. " His work is iu a strain of popular yet close reasoning, proceed- ing from deep conviction of the riidical truths of Christianity, and a devotional spirit." — Williams. The Private Thoughts have been edited, with introduc- tory Essays, by Dr. Chalmers, 1828, Rev. 11. Stebbing, Ac. The latter adds the bishop's treatise on the Necessity and Advantage of Frequent Communion, first pub. 1708, 8vo. A Defence of Sternhold's, Hopkins's, Ac, version of the Book of Psalms, 1710, 12mo. Exposition of the 39 Articles. The English works of Bishop Beveridge were for the first time collected and published in 9 vols. 8vo in 1824 by the Rev. Thomas llartwcll Home. The greater part of the impression was destroyed by fire. Since the publication of this edit, the MS. of the Exposi- tion of the last nine of the thirty-nine Articles was disco- vered, and edited by Dr. Routh. Another edit, was pub. in 12 vols. 8vo. O.xf.. 1844-48; viz., vol. i.-vi.. 1S44-45, Sermons. Vol. vii.. 1845. On the Thirty-nine Articles. Vol. viii., IS46. On the Church Catechism; Private Thoughts; On Puldic Prayer ; On Frequent Communion ; Defence of Sternhold and'llopkins's Psalms. Vol. ix., x., 1847, The- saurus Theologicus. Vol. xi.. xii.. Codex canonum Eccle- sia; Primitivte Vindicatns ac illustratus ; Indices and Ap- pendix. A more excellent person than Bishop Beveridge does not adorn the Fasli of the English Church. "Beveridge's PracticjU Works are much like Henry's, but not equal to his."— Du. Iiodbridce. " Beveridge was a very evangelical practical bishop, the chief of whose works bad the great dis^idvantnge of posthumous publi- cation." — Bickerstetu. " Tho.se who are censorious enough to reflect with severity upon the pious strains which are to be found iu Bishop Beveridge, may BEV pnssihly ho ffoad judges of an ode or essay, hut do not seem to criticise justly upon sermons, or express a just value for spiritual thiuf^s."— Dr. Utpton. _ " our learned and venerable bishop delivered himself with those ornaments alone, which his subject suL'L'.stcd to him. and wrnfe in that plainness and solemnity ..f st>Ii'. tli:it L'r;ivily and simjili- fity. which cave authority t-. Ibc sitcnd trutlis he taught, and unanswerable evidence to the doctrines he defended. There is something so great, primitive, and apostolical, in bis writings, that it creates an awe and veneration in our mind ; the importance of his subjects is above the decoration of words; and what is great and majestic in itself looUeth most like itself, the less it is adorned."— Dr. IIenby Felton. The author of one of the " Guardians" makes an extract from one of the bishop's sermons, and remarks that "Tt may for acuteness of judj^meut. ornament of speech, and true su>ilimity, compare with any of the choicest writings of the ancients who lived nearest to the Apostles' times." Beverley, Charlotte. Poems, Lou.. 1792. 8vo. Beverley, John. Unus Reformationum sive Examen Hoornbecki, &c., Lou., 1659, 8vo, Beverley, John of. See John op Bkverlet. Beverley, Peter. The History of Ariodanto and Jeneura, [daughter to the King of Scots ; in English verse.] Lon., by Thus. East, 12mo, sine nnvo ; again, in KiOO, with an altered title; and see Warton's History of Engli.«b Poetry. Sold at the Gordonstoun sale for £31 10s. Beverley," R. M. A Letter to the Abp. of York, on the present corrupt State of the Church uf England, 8vo; 12th edit.. 1831. '* This popular tract, written in a bold, coarse, Cobbett-like style of attack, deals foi-th the most sweeping and bitter censures on the whole body of the national clergy. Several answersappeared.' — Lowndes. The Posthumous Letters of the Rev. Rabshnkeh Gath- ercoal, late Vicar of Tuddington, now fir.>^t published, with Explanatory Notes, and dedicated to tlie Lord Bishop of London, Lnn., 1835. 12mo. This jeu d'esprit is generally attrilnited to Mr. Beverley. Beverley, Thomas, a Nonconformist minister of a congregation at Cutler's Hall, London, pub. a number of works upon the Prophecies and other sui)jects, 1670-1701, We quote the titles of a few : The Prophetical History of the Reformation to be performed in the year 1697. Lon., 1689, 4to. The late Revolution to be applied to the Spirit now moving in fulfilling of all Prophecy, Lon. ]689, 4to. The Command of God to his People to come out of Baby- lon, shewn to be a Command to come out of Papal Rome, Lon., 1689, 4to. The Kingdom of Jesus Christ entering its Succession at 1697 according to a Callender of Time, 1689, 4to. *' lie fixed dat^s with great confidence, and lived to find his cal- culations erroneous. lie held the doctrine of the pre-millennial reign of Christ on earth." — O/c. Bill. See a list of his publications in Watt's Rib. Brit Beverley, Thomas, Rect. of Lilley, in Hertford- shire. Discourses on the Principles of Protestant Truth and Peace. Lon., 1683, 4to. Beverly, John. Political Tracts. 1784-93, 1806-11. Beverly, Robert, d. 1716, a native of Virginia, was clerk of the council about 1697, when Andros was go- vernor. History of the Present State of Virginia, Lon., 1705, 8vo ; in 4 parts, embracing the first settlement of Virginia, and the government thereof to time when written. An edit, was pub. with Gribelin's 14 cuts in 1722, and a French trans., with plates, 1707. Meusel erroneously ex- plains *' R. B." in the frontispiece to signify R. Bird in- stead of Beverly. " This work in the historical narration is as cnnriseand unsatjs- fhctorv as the history of Stith is prolix and tedious." — Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet "This work cont.Tins many pertinent remarks." — Lowjtpes. "A work of ccnsideralile merit, particularly relative to the nu- merous Indian Trili.s. llien resident in the State, but now estii-- pated or greatly iliniinisbeil." — Pinkerton, Beverton, Simon. Sermon, 1717. 8vo, Bevill, Robert, of the Inner Temple. A Treatise on the Law of Homicide, etc., 1799, 8vo. *' Surely such a publication must be considered as unnecessary, when the Profession possesses the able and comprehensive trea- tises of Chief Justice H.ale and Sergeant Hawkins on the Pleas of the Crown. The useless multiplication of law-books is an evil of which we have frequent cause to complain ; and wo shall persevere in expressing our disapprobation, till the nuisance be in some mear sure removed." — Lon. Monthly Hevieiv, 1799, What would the indignant reviewer say if he were liv- ing now ? And how ill could we afford to lose the legal lure of the last half century ! Bevin, ElAVay, an eminent English musician, flou- rished in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and James I., pub. a Briefe and Short Instruction of the Art of Musicke to teach how to make Discant of all Proportions that are in uscj Ac., 1631, 4to. BIO " Before Hevln's time the precepts for the composition of canons Were known to few. Tallis, Bird. Waterhouse. and Farmer were eminently skilled in this most abstruse part of musical practice. Every canon, as given to the public, was a kind of eni'^ma. Com- ju'sitions of this kind were sometimes exhibited in the form of a iiuss, M'metimes in that of a circle; there is now extant one re- siinMin;; a horizontal sun-dial, and the resolution (as it was cnlkd) of a canon, which was the resolving it into its elements, and reihiciut; it into score, was deemed a work of almost as great difficulty jis the original composition." — Hawkins's Hist, of Muxic. Bevis, John, 1695-1771, an eminent astronomer, was a native of Wiltshire. He pub. in 1767 an Inquiry con- cerning the Mineral Waters at Bagniggc Wells, and con- tributed a number of articles to the Phil. Trans., 17:i7-69. Bewiek, Beuj. Earthquake at Cadiz, Phil. Trans. 1755. Bewick, John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1642, '44. '60. Bewick, Thomas, 1753-1828. This eminent en- grave may claim a place amongst authors from his hav- ing written some of the descriptions in his History of British Birds, &c., and from his MS. Memoirs of himself and family, whieh are said to be written "with great naivete, and lull of anecdote." " I have Seen how his volumes are loved, and treasured, and reverted to, time after time, in many a country-house ; the more familiar, the more prized; the oftener seen, theoftener desired." — W. HmoiWs Rurol Life in Eng. "Open the work where ye will, only look at the bird, his atti- tude, his eye — is he not alive? I actually and ardently aver, that I have tra/ed till I have readily ima;;ined motion, ay, colour! . . . Each bird, too, has his character most physio;,'nomically marked. . . . The moral habits of each are as distinctly marked as had he painted portraits of individuals for Lavater." — Fvfmi a vpry ivk- resting account of Bennck am! his methods of working by J. F. M. Do- vaalim, in Loudon's Mag. of JYat Hint., vols. ii. and iii. See a descriptive Catalogue of the Works of Messrs. Bewick appended to the Select Fables; Newcastle, 1820, 8vo ; also refer to Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. Bcwicke, Robert. Tables of Exchanges, 2 vols. 4to, Lon., 1802. Bewley, Richard, M.D. A Treatise on Air, Lon., 1791, Svo. *■■ This Doctor Bewley has so warmly espoused the theory, and has so perfectly hit off the peculiar (we had almost said the inimi- t'dilr) style and manners of our old acquaintance. Doctor Harring- ton, that we suspect he is no other than Dr. H. himself: who, pos- siblv. thinks, under the fictitious sanction of a respectable name, to obtain greater attention than he could, perhaps, have attracted under his own." — Lon. Monthly Hcview. Bibancl, Francois Marie Uncas Maximilian, LL.D., born in Montronl. Cjuiada. 1824, Law Professor in the Jesuits' College, Montreid. distinguished Canadian writer. Among his numerous works are the following: Six Indian Biographies in the Eneyolopedie Canadienne, 184.3. Sixty-four articles in the Melange Religieuse of Montreal, 1845. Biographic des Sagamos Illustres de PAmerique Septentrionale, Preeedee d'un Index de I'His- toire fabuleuse de ce Continent, Montreal, Lowell & Gib- son, 1848, Svo. Cat^chisme de l'Hi^toire du Canada, il Pusnge des T'coles, Montreal, 1853, 18mo, kc. ic. Bibaiid, Michel, born at Montreal in 1782. Al- though a British subject, his works have all been written in the French language. La Bibliotheque Canadienne, 5 vols. 8vo. L'Observateur, 2 vols. Svo. Le Magasin du Bas- Canada, Svo. L'Encyclopedie Canadienne, 8vo. L'His- toire du Canada sous la Domination Fran^aise History of Canada under the English Dominion, vol., 1. Bibb, George M. Reports of Cases at Common Law and in (.'baneery in the Court of Appeals of Ken- tucky. lSOS-17. 4 vols. Svo; Frankfort, Ky., 1815-17. Biber, G. E., LL.D., perpetual Curate of Roch- ampton. English Church on the Continent, Lon., 1S46, 12mo. Sermons, Occasional and for Saints' Days, 1846, Svo. Standard of Catholicity, 1840, Svo. Supremacy Question. Svo. Vindication of the Church, Svo. Bishop Blomfield and his Times. Svo. Bicheno, J. £• Observations on the Philosophy of Criminal Jurisprudence, tfec, Lon., 1S19, Svo. The Poor Laws, p. Svo. Ireland and its Economy, 1S29, p. Svo. Bicheno, James. Theolog. works. Lon., 1787-1810. Bickerstaff, Isaac, bom probably about 1735. was a native of Ireland. At one time he held a commission as an officer of Marines. He was the author of many come- dies, farces, &e., which were great favourites with the pub- lic: 1. Leucotbe, 1756. 2. Thomas and Sally, &c., 1760. 3. Love in a Village, 1763. 4. Judith, 1764. *5. The Maid of the Mill. 1765. 6. Daphne and Amintor, 1765. 7. The Plain Dealer, 1766. 8. Love in the Citv, 17G7. 9. Lionel and Clarissa, 1768. 10. The Abscnt"Man, 1768. 11. The Royal Garland, 1768. 12. The Podlock, 1768. 13. The Hypocrite, 1768. 14. The Ephesian Matron, 1760. 15. Dr. Last in his Chariot, 1760. 16. The Captive, 1769. lb5 BIC BID 17. A Sehool for Fathers, 1770. 18. 'Tis Well it's no AVorse, 1770. 19. The Recruiting SerKeant, 1770. 20. He Would if he Could, &e., 1771. 21. The Sultan, 1775. To him also has been ascribed, 22. The Spoiled Child, 1805. — Biog. Dramat. Mr. BiekerstafTs pieces present a combination of excellencies seldom found in conjunction. Bickersteth, Edward, 1786-1850. a native of Kirk- by Lonsdale, practised as a lawyer in Norwich from 1S12 to 1815. He took holy orders in the latter year, and be- came a zealous labourer in connection with The Church Missionary Society and other useful departments of Chris- tian eflfort He continued in London until 1830, when he was presented to the living of Walton, where he proved himself a most laborious and useful parish minister. He died at Walton in 1850. Mr. Bickersteth publii'hcd a num- ber of valuable theological works, some of which we pro- ceed to notice. A uniform edition of his principal works, in 17 vols. fp. 8vo, was pub. in 1S53. It comprises Chris- tian Truth. The Christian Student, Scripture Help, Treat, on the Lord'.-; Supper, Treat, on Prayer, Tbe Chief Concerns of Man, Family Expositions of the Epistles of St. John and St. Jude, Christian Hearer's Family Prayers, Signs of the Times in the East, Promised Glory of the Church, Restora- tion of the Jews, Practical Guide to the Prophecies, Treat, on Baptism, The Divine Warning to the Church, Mr. Biddulph." — Lmitiim Quarterly Beview. Letter to John Hay, 1801, Svo. An Appeal to the Public Impartiality, 1801, Svo. Sermons. 1801, '3, '4, 'o. Bap- tism a Seal of the Christian Covenant, &c., (in opposition to Dr. Mant.) 1816, Svo. See Considerations on the Doc- trine of Baptism, and on Conversion, as connected with the Evang. Discbarge of the Pastoral Function, Lou., 1816, Svo. This is a Review of the publications of the Rev. Dr. Mant, and Messrs. Biddulph, Scott, and Bugg, re- printed from the Eclectic Review for May and June. 1816. Search after Truth in Holy Scriptures, Bristol, 1818, Svo. Lectures on the Divine Influence or Operations of the Holy Spirit, Bristol, 1824, Svo. '' Many valuable and excellent remarks on the history of the influence of the Spirit." — Bickebsteth. An Essay ou the Doctrine of the First Resurrection, Lon., 1834, Svo. '■ Though the author has come to a different conclusion, he gladly records that the strength of the argument for a spiritual resurrec- tion is here stated in the meekness of wisdom and love." — Bicker- STETH. The Doctrine of Baptismal Regeneration as it has been stated in some recent tracts, weighed in the Biilance of the Sanctuary. In three Dialogues, Lon., 1837, Svo. The Young Churchman Armed; a Catechism for junior members of the Church of England, Lon., 1836, 18mo. Plain and Practical Sermons, intended chiefly for Family Reading and Parochial Libraries. Three series, Lon., 1838, 12mo. Theology of the Ancient Patriarchs, (a defence of the Hutchinsouian Philosophy.) 2 vols. Svo. Inconsist- ency of Conformity to the World, 12mo. Lectures on Psalm li. 12mo. Biddulph, Will, and Pet. Travels of four Eng- lishmen and a Preacher into Africa, Asia, Troy, Bythinia, Thracia, and to the Black Sea; and into Syria, Ac, Lon., 1612. 4to; Black letter. Gordonstoun, 383, £4 5*. Bidin^field, James, Surgeon. A Compendium of Medical Practice; illustrated by Cases, 1816, Svo. Bidlake, John, 1755-1S14, born at Plymouth, edu- cated at Christ Church, Oxford, and head-master of the Grammar School at Plymouth. He pub, a number of ser- mons, poems, i'c, 1787-1813. Sermons on various Sub- jects, 3 vols, 1795, Svo. '' Agreeable effusions of pulpit oratory." — Lowndes. Dr. Drake, a good authority, speaks highly of Bidlake's poems. Bidulpli, Miss Sidney. Memoirs, 1760, 3 vols, 12mo. Bidwell, R. Covenant of Grace, Lon., 1657, 12mo. Bielefeld, C. F. Treatise on Papier Mache for Decorations, Lon.. 4to. £2 2a. Bieston, Roger. Bayt« and Snare of Fortune, Lon., fob, Sykes, £3 1U».; Inglis", 17«. Bifield. Pco Byfielp. ISi^elow, Andrew, of Massachusetts. Leaves from a Jcmrnal ; or. Sketches of Rambles in some parts of North Britain and Ireland in 1817 j Bost. 1821, Svo. " We have read these Sketches with j;reat and increasing pleap sure, and "no kuow of few works of a similar character executed in a happier manner. The style is ori;nnal. chaste, and classical; and thti manner lively, buoyant, and what some cri(i'?s would call refreshiuf;- His Excursion from Edinburgh to Dublin will bear to be read over and over again with renewed pleasure and dL'lit,'ht, So will also his Tour to Loch Katrine and the Grampians; bis Visit to the Grave of Colonel Gardiner; his Pili^rimage to Melrose and Drybuffih Abbey; but particularly his Day in Lorn. The lat^- ter is exquisitely romantic; and whoever can read it without plea- sure, can never hope to derive pleasure from works of a descriptive and romantic character." — European Mufjazine. This work has also been favourably noticed in the Lite- rary Gazette; Literary Chronicle; La Belle Assemblce; Mnnth. Mag., Ac. Ac. Travels in Malta and Sicily, ISol, Svo. Commended in Prescott's Philip II., 1856, ii. 504. Bigelow, Artemas, b. 1818, in Mass.; grad. "Wes- lejau Univ. ; botanist and scientific writer. Contrib, Saud- stouc Formation of Alabama, in Silliman's Journal, Ac. Bigelow, George Tyler, and George Bemis. Report of the Trial of Abner Rogers for Murder, Boston, 1844. Svo. Bigelow, Jacob, M.D.. LL.D., b. 1787, at Sudbury, Mass.; graduated at Harvard College, 1806 ; Rumford Pro- fessor, and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Botany, ia Harvard University since 1816. Florula Bostoniensis : a Collection of Plants of Boston and its Environs, &.Q., Boston, 1814, Svo; 2d ed.. greatly enlarged, Boston. 1824, Svo; 3d ed., enlarged, Boston, 1840, 12mo, pp. 468. American Medical Botany, Cambridge, Mass.. 1817-21, r. Svo, 3 vols., 1817. See Lon. Phil, Mag. for 1817. '•"We have no hesitation in saying explicitly that the work just analyzed has advanced the science to which it has been devoted, and that we look forward with earnestness for the remaining volumes." — iV. Ama\ Rev., vi. 368. " We find that be has not only described the botanical properties of his plants with great accuracy, — which is more than can be said of his predecessors, — but he has also done it with perspicuity and elepince of expression.'' — N. Amer. Rev., xiii. 123. The Useful Arts Considered in Connexion with the Ap- plications of Science, Bost.. 1840, 2 vols. 12mo. This is an enlargement of a similar work vrhich appeared under the title of The Elements of Technology. Nature in Diseasa Illustrated in Various Discoveries and Essays ; to which are added Miscellaneous Writings, chiefly on Medical Subjects, Bost., 1854, pp. 391. Dr. Bigelow edited, with Notes, Sir J. E. Smith's Botany, 1814, Svo, was one of the contributors to the Monthly Anthology, and is the author of many grace- ful and witty pieces of poetry which have irom time to time appeared. He is the reputed author of a poetical Jen (Vesprit, containing imitations of several American poets, under the title of Eolopoesis, N. York, 12mo. Bigelow, John, b. 1817, at Maiden, Ulster county. New York ; associate editor and proprietor of the New York Evening Post. Jamaica in 1850, or the Effects of Sixteen Years of Freedom on a Slave Colony. Mr. B. haa contributed to the N. York Review and the Democratic Review. His articles on Constitutional Reform, originally pub. in the last-named periodical, were subsequently issued in pamphlet form. To the same journal he contributed an article on Lucian, a review of Anthon's Classical Dic- tionary, and a rejoinder to Prof. Anthon's reply. BigeloAV, Lewis. A Digest of the Reported Cases in the Supreme .Judicial Court of Massachusetts, contained in the 17 vols, of Mass. Reports, and the 1st of Picker- ing's Reports. 2d ed. Svo, Boston, 1825. "The author does not, as we conceive, draw the line with suffi- cient distinctness between the points of a case whiib aie solemnly decided as law, and the obiter dicta of the Court., their queries, extra-judicial remarks, and opinions delivered arguendo." — 3 U. S. Rev. 201. A Digest of Pickering's Reports, vols, ii.-vii., being a sup. to the Digest of the previous volumes of the Mass. Re- ports, Svo, Boston, 1830. " The above digests are now superseded by Miuof s Digest, q. v." — JUaj-^'in's Legal Bill. Bigelow, Timothy, 1767-1S21. was a son of Colonel Timothy Bigelow, who served in Arnold's expedition to Quebec, and commanded the 16th regiment in the Revo- lutionary War. The subject of this notice was born at Worcester, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College in 1786, and commenced the practice of the Law in 1789, at Groton. He was a prominent member of the legisla- ture for more than 20 years, and for 11 years was the speaker of the House of Representatives. "A learned, eloquent, and popular lawyer. It has been com- puted that during a practice of thirty-two years he argued not less than 15,000 cases. His usual antagonist was Samuel Dana. Over 187 BIG the assembly of six or seven hundred legislators of Massachusetts lu! presided with great dignity and energy." He pub. an Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, 1 797. An Extract from his Eulogy on S. Dana is in the Historical Collection. See Allen's American Biog. Diet.; .lenuison ; Marine Hist. Coll., i. 363, 388, 409; iVIass. Hist, Coll., s. s. ii. 235, 252. Bigg, J. Stanyan, is one of a new school of poets of the terrific order. Night and the Soul ; a Dramatic Poem, Lon., 1854. Bigge, Thomas. Political Treatises, 1794-95, 8to. Bigger, J. and H. Dunn. The Revised Statutes of the Sitae of Indiana, 8vo, Indianapolis, 1845, 8vo. Biggin, George. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1799. Biggs, Arthur. Con. to Trans. Horticult. Soc. i. 63. Biggs, James. Hist, of Miranda, Ac, Lon., 1809, Sto. Biggs, Noah. On the Vanity of the Craft of Physic, or a new Dispensatory; with a Motion for Refining the Universities, and the whole Landscape of Physic, and dis- covering the Terra Incognita of Chymistry, Lon., 1651, 4to. This author docs not seem to have laclied self-confidence. Biggs, Richard. Of the Truth, &c., Bath, 1770, ]2mo. This author takes to task Pope and his doughty mastiff defender, Warburton. Biggs, Wra. Milt. Hist, of Europe, 1739-48, Lon., 1765, Svo. Bigland, John, d. 1832, a schoolmaster, horn at Skir- laugh in Holderncss, pub. several valuable works. Letters on the Study and Use of Ancient and Modern History, Lon., 1804, 12mo. '* Mr. liijiand displays in this volume a well-cultivated and compreheusive mind. "llis style is generally correct; his informa- tion is extensive, and the many pertinent reniarivs and inferences with which he has enriched this summary of general history, meet our cordial approbation.'' — Loii. Monlhl]/ R'-vieiv. " We are well pleased with this publication. It is a useful un- dertaking, well executed."— BriYi's?! Critic. " This Uttle historic digest, collected from most unexceptionable authors, is executed with great neatness and propriety."— iore. Critical Review. " He has suffered no opportunity to escape him of blendmg re- ligious .ind moral lessons with his instructions, and he deserves the highest pr.aise for the total exclusion of all indelicate expres- sions." — Aiiti^Jacohin R£V. Letters on Natural History, exhibiting a View of the Power. Wisdom, and Goodness of the Deity, Ac., Lon., 1806, Svo. ^^ , , ■' We recommend our young readers to peruse the present work as a compilation of very useful and entert-alning information." The History of Spain to 1809, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. Svo. " The author Ims produced a pleasing and useful work."- io«. Eclectic Revieio. Essays on Various Subjects, Doncaster, 1805, 2 vols. Svo. "These essays are marked by a philosophical and unprejudiced spirit of investigation on all subjects." — Annual Review. " They contain much good sense, expressed in neat and perspi- cuous langmage."' — Britiah Critic. A System of Geography and History. *' A very pleasing picture of the past and present state of man- kind. Ac.'' — Lmul'm Critical Review. Bigland, Ralph, 1711-1784, Garter Principal King at Arms, was a native of Westmoreland. Observations on Marriages, Baptisms, and Burials, as preserved in Pa- rochial Registers. " A very curious book, containing much valuable information for the genealogist." He made large collections for a history '■ H.ather of the Inhabitants of Gloucestershire than of the Shire itself," A portion of which w.as pub. by his son RicnARn BiG- LANn. Es.|., in 1(92. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Bighmd, Richard. See above. Bigland, Wm. The Mechanics' Guide, Lon., 1795, Svo. Biglow, William, 1773-1844, b. at Natick, Massa- chusetts. History of the Town of Natick, Massachusetts, from 1650 to the' Present Time; and also of Sherbiirno, BIL Bigsby, R. Old Places Revisited, or the Antiquari.an Ei.S.husiast, 3 vols. Lon., 1851, Svo. An interestiiig work on the Antiquities, Manners, Customs, and Persons ul Old England, illust. by Anecdotes. Poems and Essays, Svo. Bill, Anna. Mirror of Modestie, Lon., 1621, Svo; prefixed is a portrait of Anna Bill, followed by Verses to her Memory, Bindley, £3 16». ,„„,: „ Billing, Robert. Carrots for Cattle, Lon., 1765, Svo. Billing, Sidney. A Practical Treatise on the Law of Awards and Arbitrations, Ac, Lon., 1846, Svo. " As far .as our means of judging go, we think Mr. Hilling has executed his task with great ability and success, and has given a useful work to the profession." Billinghurst,George. Legal Treatises,Lon.,1674-76. Billings, Joseph, Commodore. Expedition to the Northern Parts of Russia, Lon., 1802, 4to. Written by Martin Sauer ; another account was pub. in Russian by Captain S.aretschewya. Billings, Peter. Fidly Predominant, 1755. Billings, R. W. Baronial and Ecclesiastical Anti- quities of Scotland, 4 vols. 4to, with 240 engravings by Finden and others, pub, at £8 8», ; large paper, £12 128., Edinburgh, 1861. , . , ^ "Thetiist work which, either in poinT of extent or of style, has any claim to be regarded as a collection worthy of the remains yet spared to Scotland ; and the plates are large enough to admit of the distinct delineiition of minute peculiarities. Mr. Billings is a masterly draughtsman, well skilled in the history and characteris- tics of architectural style, having an excellent eye in- pei spective, and uniting scrupulous fidelity to good tasti Bigot, (Tanner.) Bagot, (Strype.) Bygod, (Wood,) Sir Francis, pub. A Treatise concerning Impropriations of Benefices, Lon., 1671(?) 4to, and 1646, 4to. " The author's purpose was chiefly bent against the monasteries, who had unjustly gotten very many parsonages into their pos- session, as it had been complained of long before his time, ,'specially by Dr. Thos. Gascoigno, a Vorivsbii-e man born, 'f he said Bygod translated also divers batiu books into English, which 1 have not yet seen." — AUtal. Oxon. 168 £3 10«., and £3 3s. Billingsley, Nicholas. Theolog. and Biograph. works, Lon., 1717. '21, '2.'^. Billington, Rev. Linus W., b. 1802, in New Jer- sey. Review of Davis's Hcvelations, Ac. Billyns. Five Wounds of Christ, a Poem from an ancient Parchment Roll. Published by W. Balemnn, Manchester, 1814, 4to. Black Letter, with fac-similcs, 25 copies printed. Bilson, Thomas, 1636-1616, a native of Winchester, was educated at the schocd of that place, and in 1565 ad- mitted perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford. He wau Master of Winchester School, Prebendary of the Cathe- dral, and afterwards Warden of the College in the same BIL BIN city. He was mado Bishop of Woi'ccster in 1596, and in 1597 was translated to Winchester. The True Difl'erence between Christian Subjection and Unchristian Rebellion, Osf., 1585, 4to. This work was directed against the sup- posed political principles of the Romanists, and vindicated the supreuiacy of Queen Elizabeth, and her interference ia favour of the Protestants of the Low Countries. " This book, which served ht-r desi;;n for the present, did contri- bute much to the ruin nf her successor, K. Ch. I. ... To justify the revolt of Holland, Bilson gave strange liberty in many cases, especially concerning religion, for subjects to cast off their obedi- ence. . . . There is not any book that the Presliyterians have made more dangerous use of against their prince, (Ch. I.,) than that which his j>rrdecessor commanded to be written to justify her against th.- King of Spain." — Athen. Oxon. The Perpetual Gouernment of Christe's Church, &.Q., Lon., 1593, 1610, 'Ito. In Latin, 1611. 4to. This is con- sidered one of the best arguments for Episcopacy. A new edit, with a Biog. notice by Rev. Robert Eden, Oxf., 1842, Svo. The Effect of Certaine Sermons, touching the Full Re- demption of Mankind by the Death and Blood of Christ Jesus, &c., Lon., 1598, Svo. " These sermons, preached at Paul's Cross, made great alarm among the puritanical brethren." — Wood. Honry Jacob answered It, and Bilson replied in The Survey of Christ's Sufferings for Man's Redemption, &c., Lon., 1604, fol. Repub. in Tracts of Ang. Fathers, li. 73. Sermon on Rom. xiii. 4; Lon., 1604, Svo. "The care of revising and putting the last hand to the new translation of the English Bilde iu King James 1st reign, was committed to our author, and to Dr. Miles Smith, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester." *' lie was as reverend and learned a prelate as England ever af- forded, a deep and profound scholar, exactly read in Ecclesiastical authors.'' — Wood. "An excellent civilian, and a veiy great scholler." — SiB Ajj- THONY WeLDON. " A deep and profound scholar, excellently well read in the fathers." — Fuller. " A very grave man ; and how great a divine, if any one knows not. let hini consult bis learned writings."— Bishop Goodwin. "I find but finire lines (in Bishop Goodwin's book) concerning him; and if I should give him his due, in proportion to the rest, I should spend foure leaves." — Sir John Harrington. See Chal- niers'BE.D.; Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Harrington's Brief View. Kilstone, John. Sermons, 1749-63. Biiick, James. CoUectio de xsxii. Iconibus Beorum ac Dearum Gentilium fere incisis, 1530, fol. A scarce work. Biiickcs, Wm. Sermons, &c., 1702-10. Bindley, James, Senior Commissioner of the Stamp Oflice. Statutes Relating to the Stamp Duties, Lon., 1775, 4to. This gentleman is the Leontes celebrated by Dr. Dibdin in his Bibliomania, and in the Bibliographical Decameron. He was noted for knowledge of books and his valuable Library. Mr. John Nichol.-^ paid him a de- served compliment by dedicating to him the most valuable collection of literary treasures in the language — Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. See Nichols, John. To the 1st edit, of this work Mr. Bindley was a con- tributor. " LiSAEDO. Gratify a curiosity that I feel to know the name and character of yonder respectably-looking gentleman, in the dress of the old school, who is speakiug in so gracious a manner to Ber- nardo. " 'Tis Leontes : a man of taste, and an accomplished antiquary. Even yet he continues to gratify his favourite passion for book and print collecting: although his library is at once choice and copious, and his collection of prints exquisitely fine. . . . Like Atticus [Richard Ileber, Esq.] he is liberal in the loan of his trea- sures: and. as with him, so 'tis with Leontes — the spirit of book- coUectiug 'assumes the dignity of a virtue.' Peace and comfort be the attendant spirits of Leontes, through life and in death: tlie happiness of a better world await him beyond the grave! His memory will always be held in reverence by honest biblioma- niacs."— B(W/o»ia»V(7, ed. 1842, 133. Some six years later Dibdin again notices this worthy character : " Dear as the ruddy drops that warm my heart are the name and the virtues of Leontes! That excellent, and venerable cha- racter yet lives; lives in the increased estimation of his long-tried friends, and in the very plenitude and zenith of bibliomaniacal reputation. Can human felicity go beyond this? Rirh iu 'good works' as well as iu good books. . . . Gaze thtri'tiJi-.- with respect and admiratinn upoii the numerous and wi'll-srlnti-d t'.mes of which the library of the venerable gentleman is iniii])Osed ; and wish that he who knows how to make such an excellent use of thfin, may yet live to complete his term of a 'thousand years.'" — Biblmgraphical Decameron, in. 26, 412. Binfield, Wm. Travels and Adventures, 2 vols. Lon.. 17.>3. Bingham, Caleb, of Boston, Massachusetts, was author of the Hunters; Young Lady's Accidence, 1789 j Epistolary Correspondence; The Columbian Orator. Bingham, George, 1715-1800, a native of Dorset, was educated at AVcstminster, and Christ Church, Oxford. Being elected Fellow of All Souls* College, he formed an intimacy with William (afterwards Sir William) Black- stone, who assisted him in the preparation of bis Stem- mata Chieheliana. His principal works are aVindieatioa of the Doctrine and Liturgy of the Church of England, Oxf , 1774, 8vo. This was occasioned by Mr. T. Lindscy's Apology for Quitting his Living, Lon., 1774, Svo. Au Essay on the Millennium, &c., Lon., 1804, 2 vols. Svo. and Essays, Disputations, and Sermons, to which are pretixed Memoirs of the Author's Life, by Peregrine Bingbam, 1S04, 2 vols. Svo. These four vols, were pub. by his son. Also sec Biographical Anecdotes of the Rev. John Bing- ham, being part of the Bib. Top. Brit., reprinted, with ad- ditions, 1813, 4to, and fol. " It has been justly remarked to his honour and credit, that ho never made an aciiuaintance by whom he was not highly respected, or tiirmed au intimacy that was not permanent." Bingham, Joseph, 1668-1723, the celebrated author of Origines Ecclesiastical, was a native of Waketield in Yorkshire. In 16S4 he was admitted a member of Uni- versity College, Oxford. He took the degree of B. A. in 1688, M. A. in 1691. He was elected Eellow of his College in 1689. By the kindness of the eminent Dr, RadelifFo he was presented, ujion resignation of his fel- lowship, to the rectory of Hcadbourn-Wortby in Hamp- shire, with about £100 a year. Some sis or seven years after this event he married a daughter of Richard Pococke, grandfather of the celebrated author of the Description of the East. Feeling the great want which existed of a good work upon Ecclesiastical Antiquities, Bingham determined to endeavour to supply the void. His disadvantages were great: ill health, large family, small means, and almost without books. Fortunately the latter want was supplied by his opportunity of access to the excellent liljrary of the cathedral church of Winchester, the bequest of Bishop M or ley. " Even this was deficient in many works to which he had occa- sion to refer; and yet when we tui-n to the Index Auctorum at the end of his work, we shall perhaps be astonished at the vast nuniliur of books which he appears to have consulted. But to such straits was he diiven for want of books, that he frequently procured inipeitl'ct copies at a cheap rate, and then employed a portion fil'lliat time, of which so small a portion was allotted him^ and whirh tliL-rellire could so ill be so spired, in the tedious task of transcribing the deticient pages: instances of which are still in being, and serve as memorials of his indefatigable industry on all occasions." The author remarks : " I couftss that this work will suffer something in my hands for want of several books, which I have no opportunity to see, nor ability to jjurchase. The chief assistance I have hitherto had is from the noble lienetaction of one, who bemg dead, yd speakelh ; I mean the renowned Bishop Morley." He pub. the 1st vol. (Origines Ecclesiasticos, or the An- tiquities of the Christian Church) in 170S. and the 10th and last in 1722, Svo. "Whole works, 1726, 2 vols. foL Translated into Latin, with the words of the quotations given by Grischovius. Halla;,172(-29, and again in 1751. "Tlii- Mutlmr blf MS. corriTtions. which were incorporated in an editi.m .-ilil.-d Ity bis gn-at-grandsdu, in S vols. Svo, 1S29. Two editions have since that date appc;ired under the able editorship of the Ilev. .7. It. I'itman, in whirh the passages referred to are given in the original words. The Kev. Richai'd Bingham, son of the former editor, has prepared an edition which, when published, will be of great importance, as he has verifit'd all the quotations, some of which had escaped the research of Orischovius and Mr. Pitman. An edition of the Ecclesiastical Antiquities only, as it originally appeared, is in print, in 2 vols, imperial Svo." — JJaiiinij's Cyc. BibUognqyhica. It is an interesting bibliographical incident that the valuable labours of Mr. Bingham should be revised by his great-great-grandson after a lapse of 130 years. Mr. Bing- ham also wrote: The French Church's Apology for the Church of England. &c., Lon., 1706, Svo. A Scholastical History of Lay Baptism, two parts, Lon., 1712, 2 vols. Svo. A Discourse concerning the Mercy of God to Penitent Sin- ners : and a Discourse on Absolution, in his Works, 2 vols, fob, 1726. Before the publication of vols. ix. and x. of his Origines, Mr. Bingham was sorely tried by the conduct of a Mr. A. Blackamore, who pub. in 1722. 2 vols. Svo, A Summary of Christian Antiquities, -fee, which Mr. Bingham declared to be, for the most part, an abridgment of the 8 vols, upon which he had bestowed "Twenty years' hard labour." Ho thus discourses upon the matter in the preface to vols. ix. and X. : " When I had finished these two volumes, and completed the whole work that I intended, and sent it to the press, hoping tn give myself a little rest and vacation from hard labour. I was immedi- ately called to a new work by a book that was sent me. bearing the title of Ecclesia Primitiva? Notitia in a Summary of Christian Antiriuities. To whiih is prefixed an Index II,"ereticus. contain- mg a short account of all the principal heresies since the rise of 189 BIN BIN ClirisHanity; and subjoined A Brief Account, of the Ei^'lil First ; by these repeated abridgments of it. as well as by the ■' ■ " '' " ' inauilold use of it made iu other writings." *' Most strongly and vehemently do I recommend Bingham's Antiquities of the Christian Church; he justly ranks amonf; our brightest church luminaries. Jortin knew the value of his labours; Gil)t)(iii stole fiom them, and they have been translated and revo- renie.l all ovei' the Continent."— DluMN. " ( tpus ii.sniii Binghami tam egregium est. ut merito inter libros, quibus Auliijnitates Ecclesiastic.-e universa3 enarratje sunt, prin- cipatum teneat, sive ad rerum copiam atque apparatum ; sive ad earum explanationem animum advertere velimus. Commendat illud se adcuratiori ordine, argnmentis solidis; sive testimoniis. qua; e-X ipsis fontibus hausta ac diligenter adducta sunt, perspicui- tate jitque aliis virtutibus. Ac quamvis auctor, lis addictus. qui in Anglia pro episcopi>rnm auctoritiite pugnant. ad horum senten- tiiis veteris eci-lesia^ instifuta trahat: animi tamen moderationem, quum ill his rebus versiitur. ostendit ac si qua? corrigenda sunt." — W.iu^uil : BiUiuthem Tlutilngica, vol. ill. p. 671. The Lon. Quarterly Iteview. in an article on Christian Burial, says : " This is traced by Biu;rham with his usual entdition ;" and in speaking of psalmody in the early Christian Church, "of this Bingliam produces abundant evidence." And again, in an article on the Architecture of E.arly Christian Churches, " much informa- tion on this subject is collected in the Origines Ecclesiasticie of Bingham, a writer who does equal honour to the English clergy and to the English nation, and whose learning is to be equalled only by his mod^jration and impartiality." — Vols. xxi. xxvii. xxviii. " Let Bingham be consulted where he treats of such matters as you meet with, that have any difficulty in them." — i>r. \\\tUr- laniTs Advice to a Tbuvg Student. " This is an invaluable Treatise of Christian Antiquities, and deserves the first place in works of this kind: the plan and the execution do equal honour to the learning and industry of the author." — Orme : BibUotlieca Biblica. *'A vast body of information respecting the tirst Christian Churches, and full of valuable learning on the Eai'ly State of the Church." — BICKERSTETH. *' For the elucidation of the Antiquities of the Church, we can- not refer to a higher authority than that of Bingham. Joseph Bingham w.as born at "Waketield. in Yorkshire. September lfi68, and graduated at University College. Oxford. 1683. He was pre- sented by Dr. Itadcliffe to the Kectory of Ileadbourn-AVorthy, near Winchester; and there, having the use of the Cathedral Li- brary, he commenced his celebrated work Origines Ecclesiastic*, or the Antiquities of the Christian Church."— rmce of the Church. It is also recommended to be studied by Bishops Tom- line, Randolph, and Coleridge ; by Dr. Burton, and in the Tracts for the Times published at O.^ford. '■ He who seeks for infonajitinn upon any ecclesiastical subject, will be almost sure to find it in Bingham's Antiquities."— Bishop Short. Bingham, Joseph, second son of the preceding, of Corpus Christi College, O.vford, died when ho " \V;is preparing to give public proofs of his diligence, having actually printed every part, except the title-page and preface, of a very vahuable edition of the Theban Story, which was completed and published after his death." Bingham, J. Elliot, Commander, E.N. A Narra- tive of the E.\peaition to China, [in 1840-42.] Bingham, Peregrine. Pains of Memory; a Poem, 1811, Svo. See Bingham, liF.ORGE. Bingham, Peregrine. Reports and Legal Treatises, 1820-40. Reports in the C. Pleas. 1822-34, Lon., 10 vols, roy. Svo. New Cases in C. P. and other Courts, 1834—40, 6 vols. roy. 8vo. Bingham, Richard. Sermon, Ac, 1789-1811. Bingham, Richard, great-grandson of Joseph Bingham, edited his works, 8 vols. Svo, 1829, and is au- thor of a number of Discourses, &e. Bingham, Richard, great-great-grandson of Joseph Bingham, revised his works. Bingham, Thomas. The Triumph of Truth, or Proofs of the Authenticity of the Bible. Lon., 1800. Bingham, William, a senator of the United States, d. 1804, aged 52. In 1780 ho married Miss Willing of Phil.adelphia ; his son 'Williani mailed in Montreal in 1822 ; a daughter was married to a son of Sir Francis Baring. Mr. B. pub. A Letter from an American on the subject of the Restraining Proclamation, with strictures on Lord Sheffield's pamphlets, 1784. Description of cer- tain Tracts of Land in the District of Maine, 1793. In this year Mr. B. purchased more than two millions of acres of land in Maine, at an eighth of a dollar per acre, or for more than $2S0.000. — Allen'e Amer. Biog. Diet. Bingley, William. Sermon, Lon., 1094, Svo. Binglcy, William. Discontent in Ireland, and Cause of tlie Rebellion, 1799, 4to. Bingley, William, d. 1823, a native of Yorkshire, of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, graduated in 1799. and took holy orders. He pub. a nuniljer of works, 1793-1818. We notice a few of them: North Wales; including its Scenery, Antiquities, Custimis, Ac, delineated from two Excursions in 1798 and 1801, Lon., 1804, 2 vols. Svo. " We have no hesitation in declaring that these volumes deseno to be ranked among the best performances of the kind; nor will eneral Councils, dedicated to the venerable Society fir I'r-.pa.'.Htr ing the Gospel in Foreign Parts, by A. Blackamore. in t wo vol uuies 8vo, Lon., 1722. I confess. 1 was very much surprised at first with the title and epistle dedicatory, thinking it to be some new work, that had done some mighty thing, either in correcting my mistakes, or supplying my deliciincies. after twenty years' bard Labour in compiling my Oi i;^inrs for the use of the church. But as soon as I looked into the piifa.e. aud a little into the book itself, I found it to he only a transcript of some part of my Origines, under the notion of an epitome, though no such thing is SJvid in the title- page ... If he had done it in a genteel wiiy, by asking leave, and under direction, he should have had my leave and encourage- ment also. Or if he had done it usefully, so as truly to answer the end he pretends, even without leave, he should have my par- don. But now he has defeated his own design, both by unneces- sary and hurtful additiims of his own, which will not only incom- mode and encumber his books, but render them dangerous and pernicious to unwary readers, unless timely antidoted and cor- rected by some moreVuiirul band. For wlii''li rensnn, since they are sent'iuto the world tdgither with an abstra.t ..f my Antiqui- ties, 1 have thought it just both to the world aud myself to make some proper animadversions on them," The justly indignant author then proceeds in a long bill of indictments to substantiate his charge. The griev- ance complained of was one to which all authors are liable, and the more meritorious their productions the greater the risk. Mr. Pitman's last edit., referred to be- fore, was pub. in 1840. in 9 vols. Svo. (See preceding no- tice of forthcoming edition, by the Rev. Richard Bingh,am.) To those unacquainted with the value of the work, it may be useful to give an analysis of the Twenty-three Books, of which the Antiquities is composed : 1. Of Christianity in general; the Names and Orders of both Clergy and Laity. 2. The Laws of the First Councils. 3. Of the Inferior Clerical Laws. 4. Of the Election and Ordination of the Clergy; Quali- fications, &c. 6. Clerical Privileges, Immunities, and Revenues. 6. The Laws and Rules of their Lives, Services, Beha- viour, ifec. 7. Of the Ascetics. 8. Of their Councils, Churches, Ac. 9. Of the Divisions into Provinces, Dioceses, and Pa- rishes ; with the Origin of these Divisions. 10. Of the Catechisms, and first use of Creeds. 11. On the Administration of Baptism. 12. On Confirmation. 13. Of Divine Worship in the Ancient Congregations. 14. Of the Service of the Catechumens. 15. Of the Communion Service. 16. Of the Unity and Discipline of the Church. 17. Of the Exorcise and Discipline among the Clergy. 18. Of the Penitential Laws and Rules for doing Public Penance. 19. Of Absolution. 20. On the Festivals. 21. On the Fasts. 22. On the Miirriage Rites. 23. On the Funeral Rites. With Four Dissertations. In the first three, those things only briefly described in his Antiquities are more fully ex- plained, in the fourth, he defends the English Homilies, Liturgy, and Canons, from domestic adversaries, particu- larly the French Reformers. The following testimonies, selected from numerous others which could be adduced, will serve to show the es- timation in which he is generally held by all parties : Auguste, in his Introduction to Handhuch der Christli- clicn Archaologic, p. 11, (Leipzig, 1S36,) says, after having spoken of some unsatisfactory works, " But the English Clergyman, Joseph Bingham, remarkable for his profound learning, and his spirit of unprejudiced inquiry, was the first who published a complete Archajology, and one wor- thy of the name. His Origines or Christian Antiquities first appeared in London, 1708-22, in 10 parts, Svo. Un- doubtedly, the Latin translation by J. 11. Grischovius has very much contributed to the general sju'cad of this clas- sical work. While Bingham was still living, a country- man of his own, A. Blackamore, prepared ;in abridgment under the title of Summary of Christian Anliquities, Lon., 1722,, with which Bingham was much displeased, it being published as an original work. At a later period another abridgment appeared liy an anonymous Rcmian Catholic Theologian ; J. Bingham's Christian Antiquities, an abridg- ment from the English edition, Augsburg. 1788-96. The work also called Lucii Paleotimi Antiquitatum S. Origi- num Ecclesiasticarnin summa, Veuet., 1766, is nothing more than an abridgment of Bingham's work, the useful- jje.si of which for both confessions is strongly indicated 190 BIN BIR any onp heroafter act wisely who should visit North 'Wales, with- out making tlieui his conipaninn." — Brilisli Critic. "The language, manners, rustoms, anticjuities, and hotany, ara pai'ticularly attended to, and well described." — Stevenson. Memoirs of British Quadrupeds, &c., Lon., 1809, Svo. This worii is not merely a compilation from other natu- ralists, hut a great portion consists of original observation and anecdote. Animated Nature, 1815, Svo. *' M'hen we reflect on the quantity of useful infnrm.ation which Mr.Bin^dey has contrived to reduce within such a limited number of pai^es, on the authentic documents ftoni wliicli In- has abrid'.;ed his materials, and on the e.a.sy compn-lnnsiun of his stvle and manner, we cannot hesitate to recommend this work to those persons who are intrusted with the education of the young." — it/re. Miitttlily Review, Oct., 1810. Useful Knowledge, ISIB, .Svo. " To the library of the youn;; these volumes will bo a most de- sirable addition." — British Critic, .Sept., 1S17. Mr. B.'s Animal Biography Is one of the most enter- taining works in the language. Biniiell, Robert. Sermon, 1751, Svo. Biniiey, Amos, M.D., 1S0.3-1S47, a native of Boston, one of the founders, and, at the time of his death. President, of the Boston iSoc. of Nat. Hist. His writings on the Land- Shells of America are to be found in the proceedings and .journal of that society. Terrestrial and Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories of North America, Best, 1851, 3 vols. Svo. See Gould, A. A. Binney, Rev. Amos. Theological Compend., ISmo. Biuney, Horace, of Philadeli)hia, one of the most eminent of American lawyers. Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Sujjreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1S14, fi vols. Svo, Phila., 1S09-15. Eulogium on Chief-Justice Tilghm.an, 1S27, Svo. Eulogium on Chief- Justice Marshall. IS.'ili, Svo. Argument in the Case of Vidal V. the City of Philadelphia. 1844, Svo. Murphy v. Hubert, Review of the Opinion of the Supreme Court that the Pennsylvania Act of Frauds and Perjuries does not extend to Equitable Estates, 1S4S, Svo. Centennial Ad- dress before the Philadelphia Contributionship, on the History and Principles of that Insurance Company, and of Fire-insurance in the United States, 1852, Svo. Binney, Thomas, a popular Non-eonformist preacher, a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, has pub. a number of theological and other works. Closet and the Church ; Four Discourses on the Christian Ministry ; Illus- trations of the Practical Power of Faith ; Sermons preached at Weigh-House Chapel ; Service of Song in the House of the Lord; Spirit Admitted to the Heavenly House, Ac.; Ultimate Design of the Christian Ministry, Ac. "The Illustrations of the Practical Power of Faith are evidently the production of a man of no ordinary talents, and display con- Biderable origin.ality of thought united to clear and simple views of scriptural truth, a correct taste, and a he.art susceptible of all the moral inspiration of bis theme and office."— ion. Erkc. Bev. Binney, William G., son of Amos Binney, M.D. Papers on American L.and-Shells, Proc. Acad. Nat. ScL, Phila., 1857-58. Edited complete writings of Thomas Say on the Conchology of the United States, with a copious Index to the original work, N. York, 1858, Svo, 75 pi. Binning, Hugh, 1627-1654, a native of Ayrshire, Scotland, graduated at Glasgow, where he was appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy when only 19. The Sin- ner's Sanctuary, in 40 Sermons upon Romans viii., Edin., 1670, 4to. Poetical Catechism, 1671, 1 2mo. Common Principles of the Christian Religion, 1672, 12mo. Heart- Humiliation. 1676, 12mo. Works collected, Edin., 1735, 4to: again, 1768, 4to, and 1839, 3 vols. 12mo. "Binninf; is an old Scotch writer well worth reading. A leprint of his valuable works would be advantageous." — Gickersteth. It will be seen that a new edit, has been pub. recently. Binns, Abraham. Remarks on a publication enti- tled a Serious Admonition to the Disciples of Thomas Paine and other Infidels, 1796, Svo. Binns, John. A Digest of the Laws and judici.al de- cisions of Pennsylvania, touching the authority of the Justices of the Peace, Phila., 1840, Svo ; 2d ed. pub. in 1845, revised and enlarged, under the title of Binns's Ma- gistrate's Daily Companion, or Magistrate's Manual ; again, 1850, Svo. Mr. Binns pub. his Autobiography in 1855, Phila., 12mo. Binns, Jonathan, M.D. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1795. Binns, Jonathan. The Miseries and Beauties of Ireland, 2 vols. Svo. " His volumes are temperate, sensible, and interesting : he has felt K8 well as thoxjght, without being carried away by that violent spirit ofpartisanship which for so long a period seemed to possess itself of every one who wrote concerning the Emerald Isle." — Lcm. Allien. "An excellent book both for interest and information." — IRsf- Viinster Review. Birbeck, Chris. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1701. Birch, Rev. Busby. City Latin, 1760, Svo. Birch, Charles. Exposition of the Collects of the Church of Engl.and, 2d ed., Lon., 1821. 12mo. Birch, J. V. National Defence, ISOS, Svo. Birch, John, Surgeon Extraordinary to the Prince of Wales. Pn.fessional Treatises. 1779-1810. Birch, John B. The Cousins of Schiras; trans, from the French, 1797, 2 vols. 12mo. Birch, Peter, b. 1652, Prebendary of Westminster. Sermon before the House of Commons, 16S9, 4to : ditto, 1694, 4to. "In the 20th page of which, were several matters running thus, which caused some of the said house, as 'twas then repoited, to cry out. Ad iguem 1 ' Are not our very blessings .all turned into a curse? Our boasted freedom is now only a liberty to bite and devour one another, ic' . . . On the 20th of Feb. following, or thereabout, came out an answer to the said sermon entit A Birchen Ix'od .frr I>r.Bircli. . . . This answer, wherein are many vile things against King Ch. the martyr, was supposed then to be penn'd by the author of A Letter from Major Cien. Ludlow to Sir K. S. (Seymour.'') — Allien. Orim. Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1700, 4to. Birch, Sampson. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1683. Birch, Samuel, b. 1757, a public-spirited London Alderman, a son-in-law of Dr. John Fordyee, pub. a num- ber of dramatic and other works: Consilia, 1785, 12mo. The M.ariners, M. E., 1793. The Packet Boat, M., 1794. The Adopted Child, M. D., 1795. The Smugglers, M. D., 1796. Fast Asleep, M. E.. 1797, N. P. Albert and Ade- laide, Rom., 1798, N. P. Speeches, 1805-7, Svo. "Animated in the cause of litentture, combined with benevo- lence, the poetical effusinns of Mr, I!ir,h, and his mode of reciting them, have frequentlycall.il Ibrlh the applause of the members and visitors at the annual nie.'tiugs of the Literary Fund."— J5iOff. Drcnnat. Birch, Thomas. Sermons, 1720-29, Svo. Birch, Thomas, D.D., 1705-66, a native of Clerken. well, received his education at Quaker schools, to which persuasion his parents were attached. He was ordained deacon in the Church of England, 1730, priest, 1731, by the Bishop of Salisbury, the celebrated Dr. Uoadly. To the friendship of this divine, he was no doubt indebted for several of his preferments. He was Vicar of Ulting, Es- sex, 1734; Rector of St Margaret Pattens with St. Ga briel, Fenchurch-street, London, 1746; Secretary to the Royal Society, 1752 ; Rector of Dcpden, Essex, 1761. Dr. Birch was an industrious writer, as is evinced by his nu- merous publications. AVe shall notice some of tlie princi. pal. His first literary undertaking was The General Dic- tionary, Historical and Critical, "in which a new and accurate translation of that of the celebrated Mr. B.ayle, with the corrections and observations printed in the late edition at Paris,is included, and interspersed with several thousand lives never before prablished," Ac, 10 vols, folio, Lon., 1734 — 41. In this lab.u'Ious enterprise ho was as- sisted by the Rev. John Peter Bernard, Mr. John Lock- man, and others. The articles relating to Oriental history were allotted to Mr. George Sale, who was admirably qua- lified for the task. This Diction.ary is certainly one of the most valuable compends of knowledge in the English lan- gu.age. It can be purchased at the present day (1854) for about £7 to £8. The editors give " Reflections upon such passages of Mr. Bayle as seem to favour skepticism and the Manichee system." Bayle's faults in these and other respects are well known. Apart from such objections, he is a delightful companion, and his merits have been widely acknowledged : " He is the only man that ever collected with so much judgment, and wrote with so much spirit at the s.ame time." — Pope ; iSpcnce's Anecdotes. " If Bayle wrote his Dictionary to .^rnptv the various collections he had made without any parti. til;ir (i.'^i'jii, h itl.i not have chosen abetter plan. By the doubl.. fn.-.t..m of a lii.lli.nary of Notes, he could pitch on what articles he pleased, and say what he pleased on these articles." — (iidbon. " Gibbon's eubligy of B.ayle is at once concise and just, and no one read him or loved bim more than the eulogist biniself Bayle was a man of immense but desultory reading, of a subtle under- standing, and of indomitable pationro and'iudustry. His Dic- tionary is as a Cornucopia of flowers, bright, blooming, and capti- vating." DlBDIN. " Bayle's Diction.ary is a very useful work for those to consult who love the Biographical part of Literatui-e, which is what I love most." — Dr. Joonson. In 1742, 7 vols, folio. Dr. Birch published Thurloe'a Collection of State Papers, containing Authentic Memo- rials of English Afi'airs from 1638 to the Restoration of Charles II. "These State Papers form an excellent History of Europe during this period, and are at once a proof of Ih urioe's abilities as a states- man and excellence as a writer.'' — Granger. Tburloe was secretary to Oliver Cromwell. BIB BIR The Heads of Illustrious Persons of Great Britain, with their Lives and Characters, 2 vols, fol., 1743-52. The en- gravings are by Iloubraken, Gravelot, and Vertue, from original paintings. The 1st vol. contains 80 heads, the 2d vol. 28. Large paper copies have been sold at high prices ; Roxburghe, £25 is. ; Nassau, £26 15s. 6d. ; Heath, £34 13s. An edition, with retouched impressions of the plates, appeared in 1813, on small and large pajjer. Life of the Hon. Robert Boyle, 1741, and 1744, Svo. Of the last ed. a copy with MS. notes by the author is in the British Museum ; and also a copy with his MS. notes of his Life of Archbishop Tillotson, Lon., 1752. Svo. The Life of Boyle contains an Appendix of Letters from Mr. John Eliot of New England to Mr. Boyle, relating to his services in the propagation of the Gospel in America, with particulars of the Indian Bible; Letters of Gov. Win- throp, &c. Memoirs of the reign of Queen Elizabeth from the year 15S1 till her death, Lon., 1754, 4to, 2 vols. " Dr. Birch has formed his narrative out of tbis,coe:^—Orme's B'b. Bihl. Bishop, Alfred* Christian Memorials of the 19th Century, or Select Evangelical Biography for the last 25 years. " In this work will be found the memoirs of above forty eminent individuals of both sexes; and a work better suited for a pre.sent to young people, or for a Sunday-school library, cannot well be found." Bishop, Charles, Sermons, 1769. 4to. Bishop, George. New England Judged, 1661. This is au account of the persecutions endured by the Quakers in New England ** from the beginning of the 5th m.. 1656. to the end of the lOth m., 1660." Bishop, Hawley. Sermon, 1747, Svo. Bishop, Sir Henry Itowley, 1783-1855, Professor of Music in the University of Oxturd, is the only musical professor who has been honoured by the compliment of knighthood. He is the author of numerous musical com- positions. Bishop, Joel P., b. 1814, atVolney. Oswego county, N. York. Commentaries on the Law of Marriage and Di- vorce, and Evidence in Matrimonial Suits, Boston, 1853, Svo: 2d ed., 1S56. '* Ilis references to cases and to writers are copious: the results of the decisions, in so far as they have resulted in establishing a rule, are clearly stated; and his reasoninss on open questions and conflicting doctrines are forcible, suggestive, and illustrated with very ample learning." — RuFUS Choate. " A very valuable addition to our legal literature. Such an Ame- rican book was mucli wanted, and the autlmr has accomi)Iished his work in a manner highly creditable tn him." — Lm. Thms, .Jan. 21. 1S43. Bishop, Mary* Poetical Tales and Miscellanies, 1812. St. Oswald: and other Poems, 1813. Bishop, Matthew. His Life and Adventures, Lon., 1744, Svo. '* Matthew was a perfect original ; and in his description of his own exploits has unconsciously given an extremely laughaT>le sketch of the peculiarities nf a British s:iil.-eency of style aud life of thou^iht, But that where Bentley shall in judjjment sit, To pare excrescences from Blackmores wit." Sir Richard might sit very easily under a lash which was aimed also at the groat master of classical learning. Dryden declared that Sir Richard wrote his poeti\v to the "rumbling of his chariot wheels," and waspish little Pope gave him a place in that convenient pillory — tlie Dnnciad. In 1713 he commenced a periodical called The Lay Monk; only 40 numbers appeared. Not forgetting his profession, he gave to the world a number of medical works, viz. : On the Plague and Malignant Fevers, 1720; The Small Pox, 1722; Consumption, i'C, 1724; Spleen and Vapours, 1725; Gout. Rheumatism, and King's Evil, 1726 ; Dropsy, Stone, )u 29; Fox, H CohhrtCs Pari. Dih.y 834. contra ; Stnrifs Inniif/nr-i/ Address. 59, " Blackstone's opinions on the Criminal Law. as contained in his Commentaries, are to be regarded as the ofTspring of an eager rather than a well-informed mind." — Lort> Ei.nn>;, 1 Jtn-ist, 459. N. '• Gives a brief but a trifling account of Equity Jurisprudence." — 1 M"d. Chnncen/ Pref. 19. *' Not authority." — 1 &//o. & Lr/., 327 ; PrcVs Trial, 303; 'Paso's Law FAucatirm', 33. *■ Oood authority." '-The Commentaries are still quoted, and as frequently as ever in the Courts nf Law and Kquity; if possible, with increased respect for the value of Blackstone's opinions, and of the evidence which his pages afTord, of the former state of the law." — Warrnil's Law SludJes.'i~G; 4 Dunn. & East, 311; Ama'ivan Pepfirts, passim. "■ The Commentaries contain a thousand sophistries, dangerous to the principles whit-h every citizen of our free republic ought, and every professor of our laws is sworn, to maintain.'' — Sampson on CodrR and dim. Jynv, 6. " Blackstone's Commentaries are a wonderful work, and the more BLA ^LA a Lawver read- and rtudios the mnreie will appreciate them; it is : eary in deliheati.^ the mnre minute parts, yet, npon the whole, not^th him we find fauit but with those who l.lindly «py him ., the «Kures are -'"--■".'^ ' -^yi;";^ °f t'?f '"o^r^istol En^ even in his errors, who seem to think nothini! in him can be wrong, , Blackwell, Elizabeth, M.D..bl&21 Bristol, fcng., nothins; improved upon."— 2 L. M., 62. , ' removed to U.S. 18:i2. The Laws of Life, with special reler- "I - . - book prebi practical branches of the law, we must confess the hand of a master. But in the miuutiie he is frequeutly, very frt-iuently, inaccurate, lie .should, theroiore, be read with caution. The student, in read- ing him, will often require explanation from him whose duty it is t^\^slr-ai-t:—W,ilkinisI'rin.ofOmr:yancmillnt.. 2K. " Ulackstones manner is clear and methodical; his sentiments, I speak orthiHi generally, are judicious aud solid ; his language is eleuMot ar.d pui-e. In public law, however, he should be consulted with a cautious prudence. But even in public law. his principles, when thev are nut proper objects of imitation, will furnish excel- lent materials nf contrast. On every account, therefore, he should _ be read and studied. He deserves to be much admired; but he i ^^j^^^ other papers upon this subject, ought not to be implicitly followed."— Wihim'n nm-hs, --. i ,. jj^ ^^.^^^ ^s,t^,n,ed by tho.se of his own i "Till of late I could never with any satisfaction to myself, point ' - - ■ ' * student; but since the pub- out a book proper for the perusal of a s lication of Mr. lilackstoues Commentaries. I can never be at a loss." — Lord Mansfield : HoUiday^s Life of, 89. At the conclusion of these quotations, Mr. JIarvin gives us the following general references: Williams's Study of the Law, 92; Bever's Legal Polity, 474; 1 Kent, 512; i do., 21)9; Trotter's Memoirs of Fo.\, 612 ; 3 London Ju- rist, 106; Wodrteson's Elements, 189; Hoffman's Legal Study, 152 ; Ruggles's Barrister, 1S7 ; Wright's Study of the Law, 69; Amos's Introductory Lecture, 19; Selwin's N. P., 4,"i, N. ; 12 A. J., 9. We couchulo our notice of this eminent lawyer by citing the opinion of Professor Smyth of Cambridge : " De Lolme is too much of a panegyrist upon our constitution, as indeed is Blackstone.— not to say that the latter is rather a lawver th.an a constitutional writer. Blackstone is quite inferior to himself, when he becomes a political reasoner ; and if he had lived in our own times, he would not have written (he could not have written, a man of such capacity I in the vague and even super- ficial manner in which he has certainly done, on many of such occasion.s. in his greiit work of the Commentaries. . . . However distinguished for his high endowments and extensive acquire- ments" and however impressed with a sense of the advantages to be derived from a free government, he has certainly never been considered as a writer very particularly anxious for the popular part of the constitution."— iccdircs m Slothrn Hislory. We are pleased to learn that one of the most profound jurists aud intelligent expositors of Civil and Statute Law of whom America can boast, is now engaged upon an edi- tion of Blackstone, prepared with especial reference to the wants of the American student. Judge Sharswood has long devoted himself to the diligent study of his favourite author, and from his intimate acquaintance with the text, and familiarity with the general principles of jurispru- dence, we confidently anticipate a work which will claim a conspictioiis place in the American legal library, and be a valuable addition to the collection of the intelligent layman. Blackwail, Anthony, 1674-1T.'50. of Emanuel Col- lege, Cambridge, Lecturer of All-IIallows in Derby. His principal work was. The Sacred Classics Defended and Illustrated ; or An Essay humbly offered towards proving the purity, propriety, and true eloquence of the Writers of the New Testament', Lon., 1725, '27, '31, 3 vols. 8vo. The same in Latin by Wollius, Lips., 1736, 4to. *' This work gives many well-chosen instances of passages in the classics which may justify many of those in Scripture that have been accounted solecisms." — Dr. Doddridge. " Blackwail was a strenuous advocate for the purity of the Greek style of the New Testament, which he vindicates in his first vo- lume. The second volume, which is most valuable, contains many excellent observations on the division of the New Testament into chapters and verses, and also on various readings." — T. II. Uorne. " It cannot be denied, that Blackwail has brought a large portion of learnin-'. and no sra.all portion of genius, to this work; but every attentive reader must be sensible that he often tails in making out his point." — iJrme. '■ it is allowed, that this work, without establishing the particu- lar aim of the writer, gives lighttomany passages."— Bickersteth. *' Blackwall's plan is like comparing the proclamations of a king with the eloiuent speeches of an orator; or an edifying popular hvmn with the awful and pompous ode of a poet laureat." — Dr. Willi v>is. Blackwail, Jona. Beauties of Bp. H.all, 1796, 8vo. Blackwell, Alex., beheaded 1747. A New Method of Improving Cold, Wet, and Clayey Grounds, Lon., 1741. Blackwell, Eliilad. Sermon, Lon., 1645, 4to. Blackwell,Elizabeth, wife of Alexander, (see ante,) was noted for her skill in botany. An Herbal, containing .ino Cuts of the Plants most useful in Physic, Lon., 1737- 39, 2 vols. fol. Many editions, and tran,s. into Latin and German, with additions by Trew ; continued by other bo- tanists. Mrs. B. gave name to the Blackwellia race of plants. " The drawings are in general faithful, and if there is wanting that accuracy which modern improvements have rendered neces- of phys a rcL'ularly educated phvsician."' Blackwell, George, 1545-1612, an English divine of the Roman Church, was admitted Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, in 1662. Ho approved of the oalh of alleo-ianco to the crown of England, and advi.scd the Ko- maiusts to take it. This led to a controversy with Cardinal Bellarmine. His Letters to the Komish Priests touching the lawfulness of taking the oath of allegiance were pub. in 1697, 4to. Letter to Cardinal Cajetane, 1596. He pub. aners uDon this subject persuasion, and by others likewb;e. a man of grea^t learning and piety, and a good preacher." Blackwell, Henry. English Fencing Master, Lon., 1711."). 4to. Blackwell, John. Defeat of Goring's Army in the West, by Sir Thomas Fairfax, Lon., 1645. fol. Blackwell, John. Compendium of Military Disci- pline, Lon., 1726. or '9. Blackwell, Sir Kalph. The Honour of Merchant Tailors, Lon.,4to. Black letter, with portrait of BlackwelL " A work of the same cUlss, if not written by the same hand, with the well-known history of Sir liichard Whittington."— Lowndes. Blackwell, Robt. Corn Dealer's Companion, Lon., 1707, 1201". Blackwell, Samuel. Sermons, 1705-19, 8vo. Bliickwell, Samuel. Parochial Government, Lon., 1720, 12nio. Reading the Scripture in Private, 4th ed. Lon.'. 1736, 24mo. Blackwell, Thomas, d. 1728, Professor of Divinity, and Principal of the Marischal College, Aberdeen. Ratio Sacra, Edin., 1710, 8vo. Schema Sacrum, Ediu., 1710, Syo. Methodus Evangelica, Lon., 1712, Svo. Blackwell, Thomas, 1701-1757, son of the former, and also Professor of Divinity and Princiyial of the Jlaris- chal College. Aberdeen, was a native of Aberdeen. Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer, Lon., 1735, Svo. '■ By Blackwell of Aberdeen, or rather by Bishop Berkeley. A fine, though sometimes fanciful, effort of genius. "—Gibbon. " A production which displays more erudition than genius, and more alfectation than elegance." Proofs of the Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer, Lon., 1747, Svo. Letters concerning Mythology, Lon., 1743, Svo. " .V pompous tritle." Memoirs of the Court of Augustus, Edin., 1763-55, 2 Tols. 4to. Lon., 1764, 3 vols, 4to. ■■ This book is the work of a man of letters; it is full of events displayed with accuracy, and related with vivacity; and is suffi- ciently entertaining to 'invite readers."— A'ei'icto i9; was licensed to preach in 1741, and in 1757 received the degree of D.D. from th© BLA r>LA University of St. Andrew's. In 1742 he received a presen- tation to the parish uf Colessie in Fife, which he left in the next year to fill a vacancy which hail occurred in the second charge of the Canongate of Edinburgh. After discharging the duties of this post for eleven years, he was translated in 1754 to Lady Yestw's, one of the city churches. Four years after this transhition he was ho- noured by promotion to the High Church of Edinburgh, where he remained until his death in 1800. In 1769 he read in the college at Edinburgh a course of lectures on Composition, which excited so much admiraliou that in 1762 George III. was pleased to '■ Erect and eiul'le treasure of sound divinity, of practical Chiis- tianitv." — Dr. Watlrhnd. " His Commentary on Matt, v.-viii. is tbo best extant. lie ap- 201 BLA BLA pears to have been a person of the utmost candour, and has soM- ' citously avoided all unkind and contemptuous rcHfctinns on his : brethren. He has an excellent way of bringing:: down niticism to I common capacities, and has discovei-ed a vast kiiowlrd^'f of Scrip- ture in the application of them." — D»ddridgi:'s Wnrls, vol. v. 438. , "The best exposition of this discourse." — Bickerstetu. I Blair, John, aUna Arnold, a monk of the order of | St. Benedict, was educated with Sir William AVallace at ' the school of Dundee, and became chaplain to him in 1294 when Wallace was made governor of the kinfjdom. lie wrote the History of Wallace's Life in i;:'.27, in Latin 'verse. A fragment of the MS. of this poem is still in the Cottonian Library. This was pub. in 17Uo, Edin., 8vo, by Sir Robert Sibbald,— Relationes qua^dam Arnold! ' Blair, Ac. See tlie Lil'e and Acts of Sir William Wallace turned from Latin into Scotch Metre by one culled Blind Harry, Edin., 1709, 12mo. Perth. 1790. 3 vols. ; also Metri- cal History of Sir William Wallace and Robert Bruce, sine '■ anno, black letter, 4to ; The Actis and Deidis of the illusler and vailzieand Campioun, Schir William Wallace, Kniiht of Ellerf^lie. Edinburgh, be Robert Lekpreuik, at the Ex- | pensis of Henrie Charteris, 1670, 4to. A co]\v of this work will be found in the British Museum. The edit, of 17oS eoutains Arnaldi Blair Relationes. iSeo Lowndes, art. Wallace, Sir William. Blair, John, d. 1782, Prebendary of Westminster, a relative of Br. Hugh Blair, was a native of Edinburgh. ' He removed at an early age to London, where he received ' some valuable preferments. The Chronology and History of the World from the Creation to a.d. 176.J, L(m., 1754, fol. This work was partly arranged by Dr. Hugh Blair; I 2d edit. 1756. fol. : other editions, 1768, 79, "90,1803, '15, , '20; and in 1844, imji. 8vo, an edition, with additions and ' corrections, was pub. by Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., Principal Librarian of the British Museum. Again in 1851, 8vo. "The student of history, long accustomed to the doctor's pon- ' derous aud unmanageable folio, will rejoice over this handsome and handy volume. It is the revival and enlargement, into far more compact and available form than the ori^'inal. of the cele- brated Chronological Tables of Dr. Blair. It comprises additions to our own time- and corrections from the most recent authorities. The outline of the plan is faithfully preserved and wirried out, with every improvemeut of which it was susceptible."* — London Examiner. The History of the Rise and Progress of Geography, Lon., 1784, 12mo. Lectures on the Canon of the Old Tes- tament, comprehending a Dissertation on the Septuagint Version, Lon., 1785, 4to, (pusth.) " The jrreater part is devoted to the LXX. It discovers consi- derable leaniin^f and rt'scarch; and is one of the works thatouf^ht to he consulted in the examination of the Septua^rint." — Oiime. Blair, John, d. 1771, a native of Ireland, brother to Samuel Blair, also preached at Fog's Manor, Penn., aud other places. He pub. a few sermons, Ac. Blair, Patrick, M.D., d. about 1728, a Scotch botan- ist, physician, and surgeon, first attracted attention abroad by an account of the dissection of an elephant which died in Dundee in 1706. The paper. Anatomy and Osteology of au Elephant, was pub in Phil. Trans.. Abr. v.. p. 557, 1710; afterwards in (Lon.) 4to, 1713. Blair removed to London, and pub. there in 1720, 8vo^ Botanical Essays, in two parts, " lu which he strengthened the arguments in proof of the sexes of plants, by sound reasoning and some new experiments." He also pub. Pharmaco-Botanologia, Lon., 1723-2S, 4to, extending only to the letter H; his death preventing its completion. A number of his professional treatises will be found in Phil. Trans., 1710-20. His Miscellaneous Observations on the Practice of Physick, Anatomy, aud Surgery, with Remarks on Botany, was pub., Lou., 1718, 2 vols. 8vo. " He was a Nonjuror, and for bis attachment to the exiled femily of Stuart, was imprisoned, iu the rebellion of 1715, as a SUsp('''ti'i.l pri'soii," Blair, Robert, 159.3-1666, great-grandfather of Dr. Hugh Blair. Autobingrnphy, from 1593-1636, pub. by Dr. Mc-Crie. Edin., ISIS. Svo. Blair, Robert, 1609-1747, a distant relative of Dr. Hugh Blair, was a native of Edinburgh. In 1731 he was ordained as a minister of the parish of Athelst;inefi>rd in East Lothian, where he remained until liis death. He pub. in 1743, Lon.. The Grave, a Poem; pub. at Edin. in 1747 ; numerous editions. With 12 Plates after Blake by Sachiavonetti, large 4to, pub., Lon., 1808, 1. p. £5 5s. (See Blake, WrLLiAM ) This poem met with but little attention at first, but the commendation of Hervey. Pin- kerton, and others, brought it into general notice. Of late years it seems to be but little read, Mr. Campbell praises it highly : " The ei;;hteenth century has produced few specimens of blank verse of so familiar and simple a character as that of The Urave. It is a popular poem, not merely because it is religii us, but be- caUiit its languaj;e and imagery are free, natural, and picturesque. . . . Blair may be a homely and even a gloomy poet in the eye of fastidious criticism ; but there is a masculine and pronounced cha- racter even in his gloom and homeliness that keeps it most dis- tinctly apart from either dullness or vulgarity. His style pleases us lilie the powerful expression of a countenance without regular beauty." — Ks^ay nn English Poetry. Mr. Campbell is quite indignant that some of this au- thor's most nervous and expressive phrases should be cen- sured as •' vulgarisms;" but a poet who endeavours to in- sinuate droll satirical sketches, at the expense of physi- cians and undertakers, into a gallery of sublime represen- tations of the sable hearse, the funeral cortbge, and the gloomy aisles of the city of the dead, cannot hope to es- cape satire himself. Mr. Campbell's admiration of the simile of '"angels' visits, short and far between," is well known. Whether Norris of Bemerton would have been pleased witli the evident approval of his brother poets we do not venture to decide. That Bhiir was a poet of a high order, we hold to be unquestionable. The sketches com- mencing "See yonder hallowed fane!" and •* Invidious Grave." show the h:ind of the master. Blair, Robt. Achromatic Telescopes, Nic. Jour., 1797. Blair, Samuel, d. 1751 ? a native of Ireland, settled in Pennsylvania, and about 1745 opened an academy at Fog's Manor, Chester County, and officiated at the church at this place. His works, con.sistiiigof Sernuins, Treatises, and a Narrative of a Revival of Kcliginn in Pennsylvania, Tpere pub. in 1754 by Wm. Bradford, Philadelphia. "iMr. Llairwasoneof the most learuedandable.aswtll as pious, excellent, and venerahle men of his day. He was a profound di- vine, and a most solemn and impressive preacher.'' — Alltn's Amer. Biorj. Ihd. Blair, Samuel, 1741-1818, a son of Samuel Blair, (see unic,) of Ireland, was born at Fog's Manor, Chester county, Pennsylvania. He married iu 1769 a daughter of Dr. Shippen, the elder, of Philadelphia. He pub. in 1761 an Oration on the Death of George 11. Blair, William, 1765-1822, an eminent surgeon, was a native of Essex. He was not so much engrossed by pro- fessional pursuits as to prevent his taking a lively interest in the distribution of the Holy Scriptures, and in other benevolent enterprises. He pub, a number of professional and other works. Among them nre The Soldier's Friend, or the Means of Preserving the Health of Military Men, Lon., 1798, Svo. Of Anthropology, or the Natural History of Men, Lon., 1803, Svo. The Vaccine Contest, or mild Humanity, Reason, Religion, and Truth, against fierce, unfeeling Ferocity, overbearing Insolence, mortified Pride, false Faith, and Desperation ; being an exact outline of the arguments and interesting facts adduced by the principal Combatants on both sides respecting Cow-pox Inoculation, Lon., 1806, Svo. This belligerent proclamation proves that our excellent doctor could buckle on his armour and be "'a man of war" in defence of the right. He also pub. some pieces on Penitentiaries, &c., and contributed several papers to Phil. Trans., 1794, Med. Facts, 1795, aud Me- moirs Med., 1799. Blair, William. Inquiry into the State of Slavery amongst the Romans, Edin., 1833, 12mo. '■ The subject of Koman Slavery has lately been investigated with great diligence, in a very modest but valuable volume, by William Blair. Esq." — Milman's Gihhon. Blaise, Lord. Discourse of Fire and Salt, discover- ing many Mysteries, Philosophical and Theological, Lon., 1649, 4to. Blake. Privilege of H. of Commons, 1818. 8vo. Blake, And. ,M.D. Aphorisms on Accouchement, 1813. Blake, Charles. Lusus Amatorius, Lun., J 694, foL Hibernia Plorans, 1089. Mense Julii, Lon., 1694, foL Part of the Fifth Book of Milton's Paradise Lost, in Latin verse. Lon., 1()94. Blake, Edward, Religion and its Temporal Promises connected ; sermon on Matt. vi. 33, 1756, Svo. Blake, Francis, Mathemat. con. to Phil. Trans., 1751. Svo. Blake, Sir Francis. Political treatises.Lon., 1785-90. Blake, George, New method of Brewiug, Lon., 1791. 8vo. Blake, H. J. C. Ten Parochial Sermons, adapted to a country congregation; 2d edit., Chiches., 1847, 12mo. Blake, J. Universal Piece Writer. ISll, 8vo. Blake, James. See Catholick Sermons, (1741, 2 vols. Svo.) ti-ii,j>. James II.. vol. ii. 393. Blake, James, d. 1771, aged 21, a native of Dorches- ter, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College in 1759. A vol. of his sermons was pub. after his death. "His sermons indicate a warmth of pious feeling honourable to bis character." BLA BLA Blake, Capt. John. Marine System of G. Brit., 1758, 8vo. Klake, John. Letter on Inoculation. Lon., 1771, 8vo. Blake, John L., D.D.,I78S-lS57,b.at Northwood, N. H., p:i:id. Brown University, 1812, in the class with Chief Justice Richard W. Greene, LL.D., Prof. Wm. G. Goddard, LL.D., and Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury, D.D. He was Princi- pal of a Young Ladies' School about 12 years, during which time he published a Text Book of Geography, Chronology, and History; Text Book of Modern Geography; Compen- dium of Universal Geography; First Reader; Second Reader; Historical Reader; High School Reader; Lec- tures on Rhetoric; First Book in Natural Philosophy; First Book in Astronomy ; Mrs. Marcet's Conversations, 4 vols. Some of these works have been in use more than forty years, and to them we are indebted for a new feature in School-Book Literature ; namely, an analysis of the text in printed Questions at the bottom of each page, which plan has since been frequently adopted. He has been Rector of an Episcopal Church for fifteen years; the first at N. Providence, R. L, the next at Concord, N. H., and for Dearly eight years at Boston. He has written nume- rous Theological orations and addresses, besides many ser- mons. During the twenty-five years prior to 1855. he has devoted his attention to general literature; the results of ■which are, his Family Encyclopedia, roy. 8vo, pp. 9G0j General Biographical Dictionary, roy. 8vo, pp. 1100. "We cordially i-ccommend this volume to all wlio desire a con- venientand comprehensive summary of Biographical History, and hesitate not to say it is worthy of a place in every library."— t'/nv^ nicli: nf the Church. So great has been the demand for this work that the 8th edit, was pub. in 1853, and the 9th just before the author's death. Of several small voluraes for school-libraries are the following: Book of Nature Laid Open; Parental In- structions; Wonders of the Earth ; Wonders of the Ocean ; Wonders of Art,r\ i[>ture idea of Angds which I have met with, is that of ^Villi;im i;l;ike, a poi't-pninter. somewhat mad, as we are told, if indeed hi-; madness were not i-atlu-r ' the telesmjie of truth,' a sort of poetiial rlun-vi/nifr. lirin:^in^^ the un.'aillily nearer to him than to otliei-s."— ,V/'S. Jameson's ,S icrt.'d and Lrytxdi'ri/ Art. Blake, William. Course of Exchange, and the De- preciated State of the Currency, Lon., 1810, Svo. Blake, Williaiu, Private Judgment, a Sermon, 1818, 12mo. Blakeuey,L. Theolog..&c.works,1814-15.8voand4to. Blakcney, R. P. Awful Disclosure of the luiquitoua princii)les taught by the Church of Rome, being extracts trans, from the Moral Theology of Alphonso Liguori, who was canoni/ed in the year 1839, Ltui., 1846, 12mo. Blakeway, John Brickdale, 1765-1826, a divine and antiquary, was educated at Westminster School and Oriel College, Oxford. He pub. A Warning against Schism, a Sermon, 1799, 4to. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1805, Svo. An Attempt to ascertain the Author of Junius's Letters, 1813, 8vo. He compiled a History of Shrewsbury, the last number of which was completed about the time of his de- cease. He left other historical collections, not prepared for the press. Notices of the Sheriffs of Shropshire, fol, BlakcAVay, Robert. Sermon on obedience to King George, 1716, Svo. An Essay towards the Cure of Beli- gions INIelanchnly, Lon., 1717, 8vo. Blakcy. On Making Steam Engines, Lon., 1793. 8vo. Blakey, Robert. History of the Philosophy of Mind; embracing the opinions of all Writers on Mental Science from the Earliest Period to the Present Time, 4 vols. Svo, Lon., 1S4S; again, 1850. *■ We regard these volumes as embodying little short of the sub- stance of a library in themselves.''— C/iwrc/i nf Enghmd Quartirrly. " We entirely congratulate the author, and still more the public, on the appearance of this great work."' — Brittmnia. " For the thorough student of the history of philosophy, this is the best guide.' — Lon. Athen. Essay on Logic, 12mo. On Moral Good and Evil, Svo. Hist, of Moral Science, 2 vols. Svo. Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Svo. Temporal Benefits of Christianity, Svo. Hist, of Political Literature, 2 vols. Svo. Blakey, William, ofthe College of Surgeons at Paris. Observations concerning Ruptures, Lon., 1764, Svo. Blackiston, Capt. J. Twelve years' [1802-14] Military Adventures in three Quarters of the Globe, in which are contained the Campaigns of the Duke of AVelliugton in India, and his last in Spain and the South of France, Lon., 2 vols. Svo, 1840. "A valuable body of information upon the course of the British armv in India, in Spain, and the South of France."— X'-(' hi ntrffiod lieviexo. Blakwell, Alexander. See Blackwell. Blamford, Samuel. Discourses, 1660, Svo. Blamire, Susannah, 1747-1794, a native of Cum- berland. England, resided for some years in Scotland, where she became acquainted with the dialect of the country, and devoted her attention so successfully to the national poe- try as to write Scottish lyrics of great elegance and beauty. Her best-known pieces are. The Nabob, The Siller Crown, The Waefu' Heart, Auld Robin Forbes, and a descriptive poem entitled Stocklewath, or the Cumbrian Village. Pa- trick Maxwell pub. her works, with a memoir, preface, and notes in 1842, in one volume. Blanchard, Laman, 180.3-1S45. The Lyric Offering, 1823. Tale.s and Esyays, entitled Sketches from the Life, with a Memoir of the Author by Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, Lon., 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo. "As Addison aud Steele reflected their own generations, so has Laman Blanchard in bis sketches miri'ored forth the variable aud motley peculiarities of the present day: they have but to be read to be aduiiied. Let all lovers of oui- British essayists — all worship- pers of our Goldsmiths, our Lambs, and our Hawkesworths — :idd these three volumes to their previous collection. Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton's memoir will be read with much interest." — Lnn. Sun. 2U3 BLA BlancUard, W. J, Works on Short Hand, Lon., 177'J-S7. Blanekley, T. R. A Xaval Expositor, explaining the Tuniis ol' llie Art. Lon., 1650, 4to. Bland, Edwarde. Discovery of N. BritUaine, Lon., 1651, Ito. Bland, Elizabeth, of London, horn ahout 1660, w.is celoliraled for her knowledge of the Hebrew langu.ige, which was taught her hy Lord Van Ilelmont. There is preserved in the Royal .Society a phylactery in Hebrew, written by her at the request of Ra'iph Thoreshy. Dr. Grew gives a description of this in his Account of Rarities preserved at Gresham College, Lon., 1081, fol. See Thores- by's Diary and Correspondence for several letters from Miss Bland (she was never married) to Ralph Thoreshy. The honest antiquary thus details his surprise at the young lady's erudition : "June 28, 1709. Walked to Beeston-Hall to visit Mr. Bland: was surprised to hear his daughter read Hebrew distinctlv into Eng]i.sb, which she le.arnt of her mother, who is an ini^enirms tren- tlewonian. Phe presented me with an autograph of the noted Geor;;e Fox. tlie founder of Qu.akerism." Bland, Humphrey. Mil. Discipline, Lon. 1727, Svo. Bland, J. Thei.log. Treatises. 176.S-94. Bland, J. The Nabob of Oude, 1S07, Svo. Bland, John. Thenlog. Treatises, Ac. 17+6-50, Ac. Bland, SI., D.D. Annotations on the Historical Books of the New Testament, 1828-29, vols. i. and ii. " These annotations on St. Matthew and St. Mark, drawn partly from the fathers and early ecclesiastical writers, but principally from earlv Entrlish divines, are desi'^ncd for the use of students at the universities, and candidates for holy orders." Dr. Bland has pub. a number of mathematical and other works. Bland, Peter. Political treatises. Lon. and Hull, 1642. Bland, Philip. Plain Parish Sers., Lon., 1850, 12mo. Bland, Uicliard, d. 1778, a political writer of Vir- ginia, pub. in 1706 An Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies, in answer to a British publication — Re- gulations concerning the Colonics, Ac. Arthur Lee and Jefferson .also took part ia the controversies of this period. In 1758 ho wrote on the controversy between the clergy and the Assembly concerning the Tobacco tjix. "Ilis perfect mastery of every fact connected with the settle- ment and pro[;ress of the colony had Riven him the name of the Tirginiau antiquary. lie was a politician of the first cl.ass. a pro- found logician, .and was also considered as the first writer in the colony." See .lefferson's Notes; Wiifs Life of Henry. Bland, Robert, M.D. Observations on Parturition, Lon.. 17!) 1. Svo. Proverbs, 2 vols. Svo, 1814. Profess. Con. to Phil. Trans., 17S1. Bland, Robert, 1779-1825, son of the above, was for some time minister of the Engli.sh Church at Amster- dam, afterwards settled at Kenilworth. Two Poems, Lon.. 1808, Svo. The Four Slaves of Cythern, 1S09, Svo. Mi- nor Poets of Greece, 181.'!, Svo. Collections from the Greek Mythology, ISl.S, Svo, assisted by J. H. Merivale, Ac: hence Byron calls them the " Associate Bards," in his English Bards, Ac "Rarely has the world obtained a richer treasure of poetic gems than is contained iu tiiis collection." — Lmi, Allien. In conjunction with Miss Plumtree, Mr. Eland trans, the Memoirs ot l)c Grimm and Diderot, 2 vols. Svo, ISIS. Bland, Col. Theodoric, 1742-1790. Bland Papers. Sec ('.miBKi.i,. Cinni.ES, p. ;i?,l. Bland, Theodoric. Report of Cases decided in the nitrh Court of Chancery, Maryland. Bait., 18.16-41. Bland, Thomas. On Epil.psy, Med. Comm., 1780 Bland, Tobie. Baitc for Monuis, Lon., 1589. 4to. Bland, \Vm., Jr. The Principles of Agriculture, Lon.. 1827, Svo. "The volume treats the processes of cultivation in a vei7 con- cise and enli.'htened manner. The author holds to practice, and observes the results."— BonoWsoii'.! Agriadl. Knri. Blandie, William, educated at O.xford, trans, the Five Books of Hieronimus Osorius. Lon., 1576, 4to. "This is a rare book, T think Mr lllandie. the translator, was a noni.in Calholick."— J/& note Inj Ilearne, in his ami/ of the above Wf'i' . ' ■ Blandy, Adam. Fellow of Pembroke College, Ox- ford. Chniio.lngi,.a| t.ables of the World, Svo. Blandy, William. The Castle or Picture of Policy, Lon., 1581, 4to. "Shewing forth, most lively, the Face. Body, and Parts of a Commonwealth: the Duty. Quality, Profession of a Perfect and Absolute fio\4\'^r:'—-Titli-p/itfr. Blane, Sir Gilbert, Bart., M.D., 1749-1S.34, an emi- nent physician, was a native of Banefield, county of Ayr, Seolhind. He served for some time in the Royal Navy' and was afterwards elected physician to St. Thomas's Hospi! tal, and app„inted Physician Extraordinary to George IV BLA and .subsequently Physician in Ordinary to William IV. He was created a baronet in 1812. The prize medal awarded to the best journal kept by the surgeon of the Navy was a proposition of Sir Gilbert's. He pub. many profe.ssional works, 1775-18.32. We notice some of the principal: Observations on the Diseases incident to Sea- men, Lon., 17S5, Svo. A Lccturo on Muscular Motion, Lon., 1790, 4to. This work is highly commended by phy- siologists. A Serious Address to the Public on the Prac- tice of Vaccination, Lon., ISll, Svo. Elements of Medi- cal Logic, including n statement respecting the contagious nature of the Yellow Fever, Lon., 1818, Svo. Select Dis- sertations on several Subjects of Medical Science, Lon., 1822, Svo. A Brief Statement of the Progressive Im- provement of the Health of the Royal Nilvy at the end of the ISth and beginning of the 19th century, Lon., 1830, Svo. AVarning and Admonition to the British Public on the Introduction of the Cholera of India, Lon., 1832, Svo. Sir Gilbert had six sons and three daughters. His suc- cessor in the title. Sir Hugh Seymour Blane, served with distinction at Waterloo as an oflicer of the Third Guards. Blane, William. Essays on Hunting, Lon., 1781, Svo. Hunting Excursion of Asaph ul Dowlah, Lou., 17S8, Svo. Pr.iduction of Borax, Phil. Trans., 1787. Blanshard, Henry. Appealforlndia, Lon., 1836, Svo. Blanshard, William. Statutes of Limitation, Lon., 1820, Svo. Blaquiere, Edward, Royal Navy. Letters from the Mediterranean, 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1S13. "Mr. Blaquiere h.as produced an interesting and considerably important work, which is not merely creditable to his talents, but bis integrity, and from which his Alajesty's Government may ac- quire a great deal of useful information. ""^A'c/ccd'c Review. _" Mr. Blaquiere has i^iveu a more minute, full, and entertaining picture of these countries than any of his competitors." — Edinburgh Jieview. An Historical Review of the Sp.anish Revolution, Svo. "It is impossible to peruse this volume without feelings of the most affecting and irresistible nature."— iwtiion Mmitldti Maa., &pl.^ ISLiJ. ^ * The Greek Revolution : its Origin and Progress, Svo. "To Mr B., Greece is much indebted for his exei-tions in her beh.ilf, and the British public will thank him for the vei^ clea,r and iniparti.ai account he has given of one of the most interesting revolutions that has occurred in the history of the World."— i«j!- dtm Liti'rarij Clironidr. Narrative of a Residence in Algiers, by M. Pananti, with notes by E. Bhaquiere, 4to. "This volume will be found to be an object of particular curio- sity from the minute and lively manner in which it lays open the interior of the Court of the Pey of .\lgiers." Description of Venezuela, Trinidad, Margarita, and To- bago, from the French of M. De Lavaysse, Svo. "Of this useful and instructive volume it is impossible to speak too hiirhly. The ori:-'inal Author, M. Lavaysse. is a philauthro- pist and a philosopher, and the TraiLslatorbas not only done him .justice, but h;is enriched the work with many valuable notes and illustnitinns."— LomAoi M,iillili/ Mrg.. Jan.. 1820. Mr. Blaquiere pub. a few other works. Blaquiere, Hon. William. Trans, of Schiller's History of the Thirty Years' War, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. Svo. " It neither conveys an adequate idea of the original work, nor presents even correct English composition."— ion. MuiilMy Betiii-w. Blan, Robert. Grammatical works, Edin., 1701, Svo. Blaxlaud, George. Codex Legum Anglicarum ; or a digest of principles of English Law; arranged in the order rif the Code Napoleon, with a HistorieaL Introduc- tion, Lon., 1839, Svo. " The author's object in this work has been to collect as many rules of En^rlish law as there are articles of the French Code, bcar^ ioR on similar points and arranged in the same order." Blaxton, John. English Usurer, or Usury Con- demned by the most learned and famous Divines of the Church of England, Lon., 1634, 4to. Verses by Georgo Wither at the end. On this subject, see Bentliam's De- fence of Usury. Blaymires, J. Christian Spelling Book, 1790, Svo. Blayney, 3Iajor General, Lord. Narrative of a forced Jimniey through Fiance and Spain, as a Prisoner of War. in the years 1810-14, 2 vols. Svo, 1814. Voh 3, sequel, 1816. See a critique on this work. Quarterly Re- view, vols. xiv.. ,\v. Blayney, Allan. restorumMetropolis,Lon.,lC54,8vo. Blayney, Benjamin, D.D., d. ISOl. of Worcester Ccdlego. Oxford, aftei wards of Hertford College; M. A., 1753; B. D., 1768; D. D., 17S7; and in the same year Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford. He was very emi- nent as a Biblical critic. A Dissertation on Daniel's 70 Weeks, Oxf, 1775, 4to. This controverts some points of Michaelis's opinions. See Lon. Monthly Review, 0. S., vol. Hi. Jeremiah and Lamentations : a new translation. BLA BLE with Notes, philolnf;ioal ami explanatory, Oxf., 1784, 4to ; 2d edit, with additions, 171)7, 4to. Edin., 1810, Svo. "This work is <_-xei-uti.-d on the same plan as Bishop Lowth's version of Isiuah; and though not with oqual success, yet with much credit to the author, both as a translator and a critic. . . . The notes are very copious. Many of them are very useful, and some discover much critical knowledge in the Hebrew languatre, and a tjood acquaintance with ancient history." — Lon. Monthly Review. Zechariah : a New Translation, with Notes,Lon.,1797,4to. " We think it our duty to say that Dr. lil.'iyiie}' has produced a valuable iUustiation of Zechariah, and afforded grtat assistance to the biblical student." — British Critic, O. S., vol. xiii. See Jlonthly Review, N. S., vol. xxviii. Pentateuchus Hebraeo-Samaritanus, »fec.,0.\on. 1790, Svo. ''The text of the Ilebra'O-Samaritan IVntateuch, which was printed in Bishop Walton's Polyglot, has been adopted as the basis of tins edition, to which have been added various readings from Dr. Kennicott's edition of the Hebrew Bible." — Horne's Introduc- tion. Dr. Blayncy bestowed much labour in revising the edi- tion of the Authorized Version of the Bible, printed at the Clarendon Press, 1769, 4to, and ful. He also added mnny marginal references to this edition. See Home's Intro- duction. " Blayney was not deficient in learning, luit he bad not that ex- quisite taste, and acute discernment of poetical beauty, for which Lowth was distinguished." — Okme. Blayney, Frederick. Life Annuities, 1818. Bleamire, William, Remarks on the Poor Laws and the Maintenance of the Poor. Lon., ISOO, Svo. Blechyudeu, Hichard. Theolog. treatise, Lon., 16S5, fol. Bleecker, Anne Eliza, 17;»2-17So. a daughter of Brandt Schuyler of New York, was married in 1769 to John J. Bleecker of New Roehelle. After her death some of ber writings were collected and published in 1793, and again in 1S09, with a notice of her life by her daughter, Mrs. Margarette V. Faugeres. Some of Mrs. F.'s Essays ■will be found in the volume. "■' The memoirs of Mrs. Bleecker and her Poems, were published many years ago, but I have sought in vain among the libraries and the Bleeckers, to obUiin a copy." — W. L. Stone: Life of Brant, vol. i. p. 207. ''There are no wonderful traces of genius in Sirs. Bleecker's poems; but they show a refined taste, and talents which might have been cuUivated to higher efforts, if the circumstances sur- rounding the author had been propitiou.'!. There is a pure current of conjugal and innti'inal feeling to be traced in all her effusions." — Mrs. S. J. Hale: Wuntan's Hecord. Bleecker, Anthony, d. 1827. aged 49, a graduate of Columbia College, New York, pub. many fugitive poetical piece.s. "For thirty years the periodical literature of New York and Philadelphia was constantly indebted to his tiucy and good taste." Alhns Ame.r. Jiiog, Diet. Ble^borough, Ralph, M.D.. 1769-1827, a London physician. Facts respecting the Air Pump, &c., Lon., 1803, 8vo. He contributed to several medical periodicals. Blencowe, £dward, formerly Fellow of Oriel Col- lege. Plain Sermons addressed to a Country congrega- tion, 1st, 2d, and 3d series, Lon., 3 vols. Svo. 3d series pub. 1851. '■ The discourses are plain, interesting, and pre-eminently prac- tical." — Enylifh (Vnirchiiuni. ■'They really disii-vc iln-ir title of plain sermons, and that is the very hij^hest piai-;.- that cnt, Tipperary, Ireiiuid, the second daughter of Edmund Power, Esq., of Carral>cen. At the age of fifteen she married Captain Farmer of the 47th Regiment, R. A. He died in 1817. Possessed of great personal beauty, and highly accomplished, she did not long remain a widow, and in 1818 was married to Charles John Gardiner, Earl of Blessington. The Earl and Countess resided chiefly on the Continent until the death of the former in 1829, when she moved to London, and resided there, lirst in Berkeley-Square, and subsequently at Gore House, until 1849, when she removed to Paris, where she died in the same year. The marriage of her step-daughter. Lady Harriet Anne Frances Gardiner, the only child of the Earl of Blessington, to Count I>'Orsay, their separation, and the subsequent family history, are no secrets either in the Empire of Fashion or the Republic of Letters. Lord Byron was a great admirer of Lady Blessington, and her published Conversations with him was one of the most poi)ular books of the day. Lady B.'s publications are numerous : The Magic Lantern. Sketches and Fragments. Tour in the Netherlands. Conversations with Lord Byron. The Repealers. The Victims of Society. '• The Victims of Society, and The Kepealers. have found par- ticular favour in the eyes of those whose range of reading is still confined to the shelves of a circulating library." — Hunt's London Journal. The Two Friends. Meredith. "The plot is one which must be read through to be appreciated; and we take leave of Lady Blesfiington, knowing that the name of her readers will be legion, and that they will find amplt amuse- ment and interest in the clever and fanciful story of Meredith." — London Court Journal, July S, 1843. The Idler in Italy. The Idler in France. " As Lady Blessington, during her residence in Paris, moved in the most brilliant society in the French metropolis, ber Idler in France, as may readily be imagined, is remarkably rich in pii|uant anecdote. Exclusive of the large number of distinguished foreign- ers who have a place in these volumes, her ladyship introduces the reader to an assemblage, equally brilliant, of her own comp,atriots. Among others, the Dukes of "Wellington and Hamilton ; the Ladies Ilawarden, Combermere, Stuart de Kothsay, Lyndsay. and Dysart; Lords Byron. Yarmouth. Lilfnrd. Lansdowne, Darnley, Charle- mont, Stuart de Kothsay, Erskinr. (ll.MnIg, Rosslyn, .lohn Russell, Allen, I'embroke. Paluierston. < a>;tlrn;i'^li. Cadogan,and Abinger; 8irs BobeitPeel. Francis liurdi-tf, Andii-w Barnard, "William Dinm- mond, William li.ll: rMlimris E. Lygon, Leicester Stanhope, and Caradoc; and IM.-^i^ ( h:irl.-s Mills. Douglas Kincaird, Standish, Cuthbert, Disrai'H, W Mll^r Savage Laudor, Shelley, William Spen- cer, Rogers, Luttrell. &c." " In I'aris and Parisian society, Lady Blessington is quite at home." — London Jthennnm. *' A couple of delightful volumes, by the most delightful of fo> male writers." — London We'-hty Chroyiicle. The Governess. Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman. ''This is a most channinp volume — full of the nice feeling, the keen perception, and the delicate mind of a woman. Certainly an eldirly trentJcman. who has been in love six times, has done his duty by tin- li-male sex ; but the six lovely faces collected by Parris i|uit-> \\arrant the proceeding. Each face has its sepai'ate histoiy dt-li'^'htfully done. The stories are singularly lively, and lighted up by a myriad of observations either shrewd or touching." — Lon. Lifi-rary Gaztfte. '- This is much the best of Lady Blessington's fictions. It has the consistency of an autobiography; and the reader will listen with interest and curiosity till the Elderly Gentleman has nothing more to confess. There is incident enough in each of his tales to have furnished a three-volume novel. The two pathetic stories relieve the livelier ones very happily; and we close the records of his dreams and follies with a full conviction that the Elderly Gen- tleman deserved his six disappointments." — Lon. Athenaum. "These Confessions are sparkling in their execution, and like all the novels of the accomplished writer, they are peculiarly Ii'omans de S^iciif^ — the characters that moveand breathe through- out them are the actual persnns nf the great world; and the re- flections with which they abound bflnng to the philosophy of one who has well examined the existing manners. Her portraiture of familiar scenes, of every-day incidents, are matchless for truth and grace." — lidinhurgh I!evv:w. '■There are few fictions, though of thrice the exterior preten- sions of these Confessions, that possess so much weight." — London Monthly Bei-ifw. Country Quarters. Marmaduke Herbert. Confessions of an Elderly Lady. " The Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman is a deservedly popu- lar work", but its present companion is, we think, even superior. The niceties of feminine perception: the workings of the female heart: the innate feelings nnd educational restraints which control and modify the passions of the sex, shape its actions, and form its character, are all portrayed with striking fidelity. It is with these sliirht shades, which, like the strong colours in man's life, work out the destinies of woman, that Lady Blessington has painted the portrait of her heroine, and illustrated every turn of her fate, from over-induli^ed infancy to irribible and peevish age. The les- son is a fine one; the incidents full of interest, and the denoue- vient most skilful and admirable. Of axiomatic beauties, which always distinguish productions of real talent and merit, there are some s])arkling gems, which cast a brilliant light upon the fabric, 205 BLE and afTnrd a happy relief to the tissue of lores, and cares, and hnpt^s. ;iii'-i (iisaiipnintuieiits. and sorrows. Parris's eif^ht portraits are exi]uisitf : wt> know nut which is most lovely. '1 hey are. in- deed, deliu'htful illustiatious of the story."'— i(W. Litn-ary Gazette. " It forms a pendant to Confessions of an J'Hderly Gentleman, by the same fair hand, and fully equals, if not exceeds, its prede- cessor. There are a grace and elegance about both woriis which cannot tail to attract and captivate." — Jolni Bull. " A more perfect moral anatomization of the female heart has seldom been exhibited in any work of fiction. The serious passages are ajireeably relieved by some amusing sketches of the aristocra- cy of by-gone times. . . . If the confessions of the ' Lady' do not ex- hibit so much variety as those of the 'Gentleman,' they are infi- nitely superior in the depth of their interest, and in the excelleuce of the lessons they inculcate." — Morning Post. " No actual confessions, whosoever theautobiographer might be, ever interested us more; nor were any ever made that proffer a finer and truer lesson to humanity, to women especially. Vanity and pride in women were never laid bare by a firmer or gentler hand. . . . Immeasurably superior to the Confessions of an Elder- ly Gentleman.'' — Court Journal. " The tale throughout is written with ease and elegance." — Athena'um. Desultory Thoughts and Reflections. '• These terse and well-digested aphorisms are as remarkable for their moral value as for their elegant and graceful setting." — Gonxprvtitivfi Journal. The Belle of a Season. Tour through the Netherlands to Paris. Strathren. Memoirs of a Femme de Chambre. The Lottery of Life, ami other tales. " Lady Blessiiigton's book has lieen very pleasant reading to us. It is gracefully written llirnii;ihnut, and with a lively power of good-hearted ridicule. Lady lU(■s^illgton excels in what we may call refined caricature, iu which a spirit of frolic and exaggeration runs side by side with a cheerful fency, shrewd oltservation. and humour both sharp and genial. These volumes will add to Lady Blcs&ington's reputation, as a lively, acute, and agreeable writer.'' — Londoii Examiu':r. Lady B. contributed many articles to the periodicals of the day, and for 7 or 8 years edited The Keepsake and The Gems of Beauty. We present the reader with a full-length portrait of the Countess of Blessington, drawn by the grajihic pencil of an acquaintance of her ladyship — N. P. Willis, Esq., of New York, "The portrait of Lady Rlessington in the Book of Beauty is not unlike her, but it is still an unfavourable likeness. A picture by Sir Thomas I^awrence hung opposite me, taken, perhaps, at the age of eighteen, which is more like her. and as captivating a re- presentation of a just matured woman, full of loveliness and love, the kind of creature with whose divine sweetness the gazei's heai-t aches, as ever was drawn in the p.ainter"s most inspired hour. The original is now (she confessed it very frankly) liirty. She looks something on the sunny side of thirty. Her person is full, but preserves all the fineness of an admirable shape; her fiwt is not crowded in a satin slipper for which a Cinderella might be looked for in vain, and her complexion (an unusually fair skin, with very dark hair and eyebrows) is of even a gii-lisb delicacy and freshness. Her dress of blue satin {if I am descriljiiig her like a milliner, it is because I have here and there a rejider of the Mirror in my eye who will be amused by it) was cut low, and fuldi'd across her bosom, in a way to show to advantage the round and sculpture-like curve and wiiiteness of a pair of exquisite shoulders, ■while her hair dressed close to her head, and parted simply on her forehead with a rich feranUre of turquoise, enveloped in cle.ai outline a head with which it would be difficult to find a fault. Her features are regular, and her mouth, the most expressive of them, has a ripe fulness and freedom of play, peculiar to the Irish physiognomy, and expre.ssive of the most unsuspicious good hu- mour. Add to all this a voice merry and sad by turns, but always musical, and manners of the most unpretending elegance, yet even more remarkable for their winning kindness, and you have the most prominent traits of one of the most lovely and fascinating women I have ever seen." — PcjtciHinffS by the Way. We conclude with two opinions of rather a conflicting character : " Many things have contributed to raise her to her present po- sition of polite letters, beyond the general merits of her works. The charm of title, her indisputable taste in the tine arts, and, above all. her beauty, have been all along so many assisting ex- cellencies to support her literary reputation. . . . When a lady condescends to write, whose equipage arrests the attention of the thousands that throng daily the fashionable localities of London. 6hc is all the time, as her carriage rolls on from street to street, creating a new class of readers. Struck with the appearance of her equipage, they are anxious to ascertain hnw its owner looks, thinks, acts, and writes; the circul.ating libraries gain new subscribers. and Lady Blessington extends in this way the reputation of her genius." — Hunt's London Journal. Audi alteram partem : " As an acute and brilliant delineator of the traits and foibles of fashionable life. Lady Hlessington is unequalled. She draw with a steady yet delicate hand the denizens of le tmui ofuifi justly discriminating the various shades of character she h;is to deal with; and presents. at last, a lively picture, replete willi strik- ing contrast, yet exqiiisitely natural, of which we admire the exe- cution, whilst we acknowledge the truth." — Omrt Journal. For further information respecting her ladyship, we must refer the reader to the following work, in II vols, dcmi 8vo, with portraits by R. J. Lane, Esq., A.R.A. : The Literary Life aud Correspondence of the Couutx3ss of 206 BLI Blc3'?ington ; compiled and edited by Dr. R. R. Madden, author of The Lite of Savonarola, Travels in the East, &c. Blewert, William, On Annuities^ Lon., 1783-92; 4th ed. ; Tables corrected by J. B. Brize, Lon., 1847. Blewitt, J. The Organ Service of the United Church of England and Ireland. "Mr. Blewitt is entitled to the thanks of all young organists, for the very clear and conspicuous manner in which he has led them through the whole of the service; there is also displayed considerable tast« in his delicate touches in the form of voluntary, upon the swell, in his interludes," &c.—lIarvionicon. Blewitt, Octavius, Secretary of Literary Fund, Lon- don, author of a vol. of Poems, Panorama of Torquay, 12mo, aud Hand-Book for Southern Italy. (Murray's,) 1S53. Blewitt, R. J. The Court of Chancery ; a Satirical Poem. '• The object of this book is to embody, in immortal verse, the reflections of the author on every thing connected with Chancery. 'The volume contains some very clever hits at several members of the English bench and bar. with a pretty large share of abuse and venom. The author, whoever he may be, is shooting masked, Blewitt being an assumed name.' *" ' Blick, F. Sermon, Buckingham, 1791, 8vo. Blicke, Sir Charles, Knt., Surgeon to St. Bartho- lomew's Hospitnl, London. An Essay on the Yellow Fever of Januuca, collected from the MSS. of a late Sur- geon, Lon., 1772, 8vo. Bli^h, Arthur. Poetical works, 1806. Bligh, Michael. Church of God, 1765. 8vo. Bligh, Richard. Reports and Legal treatises, Lon., 1821. &c. Mr. Bligh's Reports of Cases heard in the House of Lords are in continuation of those by Mr. Dow, 10 vols. Bligh, William. A Narrative of the Mutiny on Board IL M. Ship Bounty, Lon., 1790, 4to. This was trans, into French : it was incorporated by Bligh in A Voyage to the South Sea. Lon., 1792, 4to. In 1794 ho pub. Answers to Mr. E. Christian's A.'^sertions relative to the Trial of the Mutineers of the Bounty. This interest- ing story — the Mutiny on the Bounty — is well known. Blind Harry. See Henry the Minstrel. Bliiiman, Richard, first minister of New London, Connecticut, n native of Great Britain, arrived in America in 1642. He pub. A Rejoynder lo Mr. Henry Danvers his brief friendly reply to my answer about Infant Baptism, Lon., 1675, 24mo. Bliiishall, James, D.D. Evidence of the futuro Publieation of the (Jospcl to all Nations, with an Account of the Soc. 8cot. Prop. Chr. Knowledge, Edin., 1780^ 8vo. Bliss, Anthony. A Sermon, 1725. 8vo. Bliss, (-eorge. The obligatory Nature of the Sacra- ments, or Strictures on Mr. Gurney's Remarks, Lou., 1826, 12nio. Notes on the New Testament, &c. Bliss, John. Mineral Waters of Hampstead, Ac, 1802. Bliss, Nathaniel. Bradley's Astronomical Observa^ tions, with a Continuation, Oxf., 1789-1805, 2 vols. foL Astronom. Pajiers in Phil. Trans., 1761, 4to. Bliss, Philip, D.D., D.C.L., Ac, 178S-1857, b. in Gloucester co., Eug., Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, edited Earle's Micro-Cosmography, with Notes, Lon., 1809, Svo; Aubrey's Lives of Eminent Men, trans, from the original MSS. in the Ashmolean Museum, — forming a portion of the work known as the Letters from the Bod- leian, 1813, 3 vols. Svo ; Bibliographical Miscellanies, 1813, thin 4to: 104 copies printed. He rcpub. two ...Id plays ; ed. Henshaw's Meditations, 1841. 12mo ; Historical Papers, printed from the collection in his own library, 1S46; ed. for the Ecclesiastical Historical Society The Life of An- thony a AVood, which was intended to form the first voL of a new edition of Athcn. Oxon., 1848 ; Catalogue of Ox- ford Graduates from 1649 to 1850, 1851. Svo j Reliquiae Hearniauic : extracted from the Diaries of Thomas Hearne, 1857, 2 vols. Svo. This work was commenced, and be- tween 500 and 600 pages were printed, more than forty years before it was published. The entire edition of 150 copies on small and 50 copies on large paper were sold in six weeks after publication. Dr. B. deserves enduring honours for his invaluable edition of Wood's Athenae Oxoniensis. Lon.. 1813-20, 4 vols. 4to, which we shall notice in our article Wood, Anthony, q. i\ Dr. Dibdin handsomely acknowledges his obligations to him, and these pages attest ours : '- My friend the Rev. Dr. Bliss, of the Bodleian Library, has ena- bled me to enrich these pa^es not only by the examination of nianv treasures in that wonderful repository, but by the loan of his work (not vet published) of the Beliquire Ilearniana-. The pa"cs of his Athena' Oxoniensis h.avebeen also at times snipuKtrly useful . . - If the Athemp Oxoniensis be 'thrice welrnme, in any sbape it is 71IW times welcome in the receut impression just al- luded to! fur more care, attention, accuracy, aud valuable enUrge- BLI BLO ment. from an inexhaustible stock of materials, (some of them con- temporaneous.) haa rarely been witnessed than in the editorial la- bours of Dr. Bliss upon tlie text of his beloved Anthony Wood." — Library Onitpaniim. '•The recent edition of Wood's Athenje Oxoniensis haa furnished nie with too many valuable notices not to merit my best acknow- ledgment, and not to justify me in predicting for the editor of it that station in the temple of future Oxford Worthie« to wliich his labours so fairly entitle him." — I'lfpogmpldcal Antiquities. Bliss, Thomas. Joseph a Tvpe of Christ, 1769, 8vo. Blith, BIythe, or Blyth, VValter. English Im- prover, or a new Survey of Husbandry, Ac, Lon., 164:9, 4to ; iniprmrd 1652, 4to ; against Hartlib. "The \vrHiii;,',s of Blyth contain a great deal of sound sense, and not bailly expressed, on almost every bianch of husbandry. His principles are very correct, and he seems to have ent^,■rtained the tirst systfuiatif conceptions of the benefits that would attend the alternate husbandry." — Donaldsmi^s Agricnlt.. Binfj. " A well-kni'wn and very ingenious work.*' — Lnn. Qitar. Review. Blithe, Nath. Expl. C. Catechism, Lon., 1674, 8vo. Blizavd, Thomas, 1722-is;i8, was educated profes- sionally under his cousin, Sir William BUzard. Med. Con. to Phil. Tn.ns., 1805; Med. Chir. Trans., 1809. Blizard, Sir William, Knt., cousin of the above, 1743-ls;:!.'), an eminent English surgeon, in conjunction with Dr. Rolicrt Maelaurin, established in 17S5 the first regular school of medical science in connexion with the English Hospital. He was twice President of the Royal College of Surgeons, and in 1810 wns knighted by George III. Lectures on the large Blood Vessels of the Extremi- ties Lon.. 178G, 8vo: 3d edit., 1798. Sugge.'^tions for the Improvement of Hospitals, and other Charitable Institu- tions, Lon., 1796, 8vo; trans, into German.. A New Method of treating the Fistula Lachrymalis, Lon., 1780, 4to. Of the Expediency and Utility of Teaching the several Brimcbes of Physic and Surgery by Lectures at the London Hospital. Lon., 1783, 4to. On the Dnnger of Copper and Bell Metal in Pharmaceutical and Chemical Preparations, Lon., 1786, 8vo. Blodget, Lorin, Sec. to the Philadelphia Board of Trade. Climatology of the United States, and of the Tem- perate Latitudes of the North American Continent, em- bracing a full comjiarison of these with the Climatology of the Tcmjicrate Latitudes of Europe and Asia; with Isothermal and Rain Charts, including a Summary of Me- teorological Observations in the United States, condensed from recent scientific and official publicatinn.s, Phila., 1857, 8vo. This work has been highly eulogi/.cd by Baron Hum- boldt and hy other eminent scientific luilhurilics. Ulomhery, W. N. Life, &c. of E. Dickinson, M.D., Lon., 1709, 8vo. Blomo, Richard. A Gcograpb. Descrip. of the 4 parts of the Wi.rbl, Lon., 1070. fid. Descrip. of Jamaica, Lon., 1672, 12mo. Britannia. Lou., 1673, fob " A mnst entire piece of theft out of Camden and Speed." — Bp. NiCOLSON. '' Scribbled and transcribed from Cambden's Britannia and Speed's Maps," — Wood. Art of Heraldry, 1685, 8vo. English Acquisitions in Guinea, &c.. 1686, 12mo. An Entire Body of Philosophy, (tc, trans, from the Latin, 1691, fob This curious work contains dissertations on Denionology; of Created Spirits of the World and Heaven ; the want of sense in Brute Animals, &c. Gentleman's Recreation, Lon., 1710, fob •' This person Bloomo is esteemed bv the rhii'fest heralds a most Impudent person; . . . he gets a livelihood by bold practices: . . . ori;.:inally a ruler of books and paper, who i);ith since practised, for divers years, pro'xixinj^ trioks in employiii;^ necessitous persons to write in several arts." — Wnori. Blomefield, Rev. Francis. History of Thetford, Fcrsfield, 1739, 4to. Collectanea Cautabrigieusia, Nor- wich, 1750, 4to. Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk. When Mr. B. had reached p. 678, vol. iii., he died; the Rev. Charles Parkin continued the work, but also died before it was brought to a close : it was completed by Mr. Whittingham, Fersfield, &c., 1739-73, 5 vols. fob. Lon., 1805-10; r. Svo, 11 vols., pub. at £9 18^.: 1. p. in 4to. £23 ■is. Blomer, Ralph, D.D. Sermons, 1710, '12, *16, '30. Blomfield, Barrinston. Sermon, 1728, 8vo. Blomfield, Rt. Rev. Charles James, Bishop of London, 17S6-1857,waseducatedat Trinity College, Cam- bridge: ho was third wrangler and senior medallist in 1808, and subsequently a Fellow of his College. He was successively Archdeacon of Colchester, in Kent, and Rector of St. Bartolph's, Bishopgate, London; was consecrated Bishop of Chester in 1824, and translated to London in 1828. His Lordshi]i's reputation as a clas.sical scholar, founded upon his editions of jEschylus and Callimaehus, his contributions to the Museum Criticum, Ac, is too well established to render it necessary to dwell upon the sub- ject here. It is to be regretted that the Museum Criticum, which contains so many noble monuments of British Clas- sical learuing — the results of the erudite investigations of Maltby, Monk, Elmsley, Burney, Hare, the Blomtields, Ac. — should have become so scarce that but few can profit by its precious pages. Bishop Blomfield favoured the world with several other publications. A Dissertation upon the Traditional knowledge of a Promised Redeemer, which subsisted before the Advent of our Saviour, Cam- bridge, 1819, 8vo. Five Lectures on the Gospel of St. John, as bearing Testimony to the Divinity of Jesus Christ, Lon., 1823, 12mo. "A familiar elucidation of that particular branch of the demon- stration which consists iu the testimony of the beloved disi-iple." Twelve Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Lon., 1829, 8vo. " Very valuable lectures." — T. H. ITorne. " Strength of mind, perspicuity of diction, depth of reflection, and piety of sentiment, are discernible throughout." — Chris. Jif-m^mb. To the above work is annexed a new edition of the Lec- tures on St. John, and in the appendix will be found Dr. Tucker's Brief and Dispassionate View of the Difficulties attending the Trinitarian, Arian, and Sociuiau Systems. A Letter on the Present Neglect of the Lord's Day, Ad- dressed to the Inhabitants of London and Westminster, Lou., 1830, 8vo. Manual of Family Prayers, 18mo. Private Devotion, ISmo. Sermon at St. Botolph's, Bishopgate, Svo. See Bishop Blomfield and his Times, a Historical Sketch by Rev. George Edward Biber, LL.D. '• The author had uuusual advantages for noting many of the leading events as they occurred, and has made full use of his note- book." — Lon. Gtnt. Mag., Sept. 1S57. Blomfield, E. V., 1788-1816, brother of the above, Fellow and Tutor of Emanuel College, Cambridge. A trans, of Augustus Matthias's Greek Grammar, Cambridge University Press, 2 vols. 8vo: 5th edit, revised by Kenrick. "This edition of IVIatthia-'s tJreek Grammar exhibits the most complete system of grammatical rules and examples that has yet been given to the world.'' 7th edit, abridged, revised by Edwards, 1 vob 12mo. "The editor has endeavoured to substitute shorter and more simple definitions and explanations than those which are contained in the original work." — Bl.-rriOP of London : C J. Blomjield's Preface. E. V. B. contemplated a trans, of Schneider's and Pas- sow's lexicons, and he contributed some papers to the Muj^cum Criticum. Blomli<-UU George Becher. Sermons adapted to Country Congregations, Lon., 1841, 12mo. Bloiidel, James A., M.D., d. about 1734, wrote a professiniiai woik (1729, Svo) in answer to the statements of I>r. Daniel Tower. Bloom, J. H. Notices of the Cnstle and Priory at Castleacrc, Lon., r. Svo. Pulpit Oratory in the Times of James I., Lon., 1831, 8vo. "These sermons are quite curiosities, and well worth a perusal for the originality, quaiutness. and learning which they embody, in aibUtinii to si>und ihurch priiu-iples." — Church Magazine. Bloomfield, Ezekiel. Lectures on the Philosophy of History, with Notes and Engravings, Lon., 1820, 4to. Bloomfield, Nathaniel, brother of Robert Bloom- field. An Essay on AVar, in blnnk verse. Honington Green, a Ballad. The Culprit, an Elegy; and other Poems, 1803, 12mo. Nathaniel had the honour of a lash from Lord Byron: " If Phoebus smiled on you, Rloomfield! why not on brother Nathan too? Ilim too the Mania, not the Muse, has seized; Not inspiration, but a mind diseased : And now no boor can seek his last abode. No rommon be inclosed, without an ode." ** 8pe Natlruiii'I Itlmiinfipld's ode. elegy, or whatsoever he or any one els" cbMMscs to ciU if. on the indosure of Honington Green." i — Fv'jiish B.inhinul S,olr!i Remewers. I Bloomfield, Robert, 1766-1823, a native of Hon- ' ingtnn, in Sutb>lk, was the youngest son of a tailor, who [ died before Robert was a year old, leaving a widow with six children. Robert was placed in charge of bis brother George in London, to learn the mystery of shoe-making. , A knowledge of reading and writing was about all he ac- ! quired during the few months he was sent to school. By . the kindness of his brother George and an acquaintance I named Fawcett. he was furnished wilh a number of books, — a History of England, British Traveller, a Geography, Paradise Lost, the Seasons, Ac. This last work so en- chanted him that for some time he spent all his leisure hours in its perusal. Whilst working with six or seven other men in a garret, ho composed mentally, arranged and rearranged, his poem of the Farmer's Boy, without committing a line to paper. When able to procure paper he had, as he remarks, "nothing to do but to write it down." The poem was ofifered to several publishers without sue- BLO BLO but Bloomfield found a warm friend in Capel Lofft, ] favoured the public with several very valuable works. who took measures to have it printed. Its success was so great that 26,000 copies were sold in three years. In the next year an edition was pub. at Leipsic ; a trans, into the French, Le Valet du Fermier, appeared in Paris; a trans, into Italian was pub, in Milan, and the Rev. W. Clubbe produced Agricolie Pucr, in Latin verse. The other publi- cations of Bloomfield were, Rural Tales, Ballads, and Songs, Lon., 1802, 8vo ; Good Tidings, or News from the Farm, 1804, 4to; Wild Flowers, 1806, ISmo; Banks of the Wye. 1811; Works, 2 vols.. 1814, 18mo; May Day with the Muses, 1822, 12mo. His Remains in Poetry and Verse, 2 vols. 8vo, appeared in 1S24. Our author, in con- sequence of imprudent liberality to poor relations, and of an unfortunate adventure in the book business, lived in poverty, and died some £200 in debt, leaving a widow and four children. Few compositions in the English language have been so generally admired as The Farmer's Boy. Those who agreed in but little else in literary matters were unanimous in the commendation of the poetical powers displayed by the pea- sant and journeyman mechanic. When Lord Byron, in revenge for a deserved flagellation at the hands of Jeffrey, undertook, with that mixture of arrogance and petty malice which were his distinguishing characteristics, to turn the literary corps into the subjects of a general whipping- Echuol, he does not forget the author of the Farmer's Boy : " Hear then, ye happy sous of needless trade! Swains quit the plough, resign the useless spade: Lo! Burns and Bloomfield, nay, a greater far, Gifford, was born beneath an adverse star, Forsook the labours of a servile state, Stemm'd the rude storm, and triuuiph'd over Fate." — English Bards and Scotdt Itevieions. See Bloomfield. Nathaniei,. Among the eulogists of Bloomfield have been Parr, Southcy, Aiken, Watson, Montgomery, Dr. Drake, and Sir Egerton Brydges. We quote some opinions : - Such indeed are the merits of this work, [The Farmer's Boy,] that, in true pastoral imagery and simplicity. I do not think any production can be put in competition with it since the days of Theocritus. To that charmin'r rusticity which particularizes the Grecian, are added the individuality, fidelity, and boldness of description which render Thomson so interesting to the lovers of Kature."~DB. Natha:^ Drake: Literary Hours. '•Flowing numbers, feeling piety, imagery and animation, a taste for the picturesiiue, force of thought, and a true sense of the natural and pathetic," Mr. LofFt considers to be the common characteristics of Thomson's Seasons and Bloomfield's Farmer's Boy. He does not perceive any other resemblance, as some profess to do. " 3Ir. Bloomfield, on the publication of The Farmer's Boy, was looked on as a poetical prodigy, and not without reason. For he shewed in that poem a very tine feeling for the beauties and the occupations of the country. ... It is most agreeable to read his unlaboured descriptions o'f ploughing, and sowing, and reaping, and sheaf-binding, and compunctious shooting of rooks. . . . The Farmer's Boy is by far the best written, as to style and composi- tion, of any work of our uneducated poets. The melody of the versification is often exceedingly beautiful. . . . The Kural Tales were many of them very good. . . . The descriptinn of the Blind Boy [in the News from the Farm] is wurtby nf being inserted among the Flowers of English Poetry: grai. ful. .b-L^ant. and most deeply affecting, even to tears."— B^(c;ri(">r>rf'.v M-i[;., 1^22. "The Poem certainly discovers very cb-arly the powers of natural, unaffected genius." — Lon. M"n(hli/ J^encw. '■ We are here called away from our abstruser studies by these productions of a genuine child of nature. In Bloomfield's first poem. The Farmer's Boy, we saw and commended the evidence of an original genius, well deserving of encouragement and cultiva- tion. With The Farmei-'s Boy we were highly pleased, because it showed, in the most striking manner, the natural movements of an ingenuous mind; but we hesitate not to declare ourselves still more satisfied with the present volume." [l^^''^! Tales, Ballads, and Sondes.]— Bi-itiah Critic. The Anti-Jacobin and Critical Review also highly com- mend the Rural Talcs, &c. : "We now hail, with increased satisfaction, the more matured flights of his well-fostered imagination."— -iJi/tV^co/jm. -■ We hope and believe that the success of this volume will equal that of The Farmer's Boy : as we are sure that its merits are not inferior." — Critical Rei'i'rw. As we commenced the quotation of opinions by a poeti- cal sneer of Lord Byron's, we shall conclude with some Btanzas which are much more creditable to their author: " It is not quaint and local terms Besprinkled o'er thy rustic lay, Though well such dialect confirms Its power unletter'd minds to sway; But 'tis not these that most display Thy Kwi'itest ch.irms, thy gentlest thrall;— Words, phrases, fishions pass away. But Truth and Nature live through all." Trihitte in ihf Mfinnry of Rnhrrt Bloiimjield. by Bernard Barton. Bloomfield, S. T., of Sidney College, Cambridge, B.D., Vicar of Bisbrook. This distinguished scholar has R^censio synoptica annotationis sacrce ; being a critical digest and synoptical arrangement of the most important annotations on the New Testament, exegetical, philo- logical, and doctrinal, from the best commentators, 8 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1826. "The leading feature of this work is the incorporation of the whole of the exegetical and philological Annotations of Wetstein, with a great quantity of biblical erudition, extracted from other valuable sources. It would be impossible to convey to our readers an adequate idea of the mass of information which the learned author has brought to bear upon the numerous passages which he has undertaken to illustrate; and we can safely say, that in the portion of the New Testament which this part of the work em- braces — the Four Gospels — the inquirer will find very few, of which Mr. Bloomfield has not given a complete and satisfactory exposition."— (?^/ar^:Wy Tfh'nhigical Rev,, S'pt. 1S26. " There is scarcely a single p.assage which is not elucidated. Altogether this is one of the most important works in s,acred lite- rature which has ever been offered to the attention of the Bible student."— IloRNE. Epitome Evangelica, 18rao. The following work is indeed invaluable. Ureek-and-English Lexicon of the New Testament, by E. Robinson, D.D., Professor of Biblical Literature in the Theological Seminary. New York ; edited, with careful revision, corrections, and occasional additions, and a Preface by S. T. B., 1 vol. 8vo. "We consider it the best lexicon of the Greek Testament that is extant. I)r. Bloomfield has proved himself an indefatigable scholar, and his edition deserves unbounded success."— C.'iurcA of En a- Quarterly Bfvifw. ■' It must prove of great value and advantage to every Clerical student who is wise enough to procure H."~Brit. Critic and Quar- krli/ Theohigicul Review. Greek and Eng. Lexicon to the N. Test, j 2d edit, greatly enlarged and considerably improved. "In preparing this new edition for the press, besides availing himself of every critical aid to which he could obtain access, Dr. Bloomfield has completely re-cast— we might perhaps say, almost re-written- the work. At least one-sixth of new matter has been added. The etymological department of the work has been much improved. In 'the mure important words of the New Testament, instead of bare references, which he had before given, the words themselves are now added, insomuch that the work in its present state may, in most cases, serve as a concordance to the Greek Tes- tament. ' Great additional pains have been bestowed in collecting from the Septuagint. and from the learned .Tewish-Greek writers, Philoand Josephus, whatever Is most adapted to illustrate the;j€- cidiar idirms of the New Testament. We regard this as a capital improvement. The typographical arrangement of the pages is also greatly improved. Altogether, this is confessedly the most useful, as it is thecheapest, Lexicon to the Greek Testament extant in our language."— tViwrcA of England Quarterly Review. Lexilogus Seholasticus, ISmo- Trans, of Thucydidcs, 3 vols. Svo. 1829. " By far the best translation of Thucydides. The Notes are a treasury of Erudition." — ClussiculJournal " In the Notes by this Translator, numerous interesting points of Classical Antifiuities are ably discussed, and many thousands of invaluable illustrations of the "obscure passages of the Author are adduced from the best Greek writers of every age. As to the Ver- sion, considerinir the jiU but insuperable difficulties with which the Translator has Vidd tn contend, in a writer said by some great scho- lars to be »»/n'H,s7('/.iWe, we can with truth say that he has executed his task with fidelity, taste, and judgment. Upon the whole, we can pronounce the work to be quite indispensable to all who would hope to understand the text of the greatest of historiayis, but most obscure of writers." — Z/on. Gentleman's Magazine. " A version as literal and as perspicuous as erudition and indus- try combined can render it." — Echctic Revieiv. The Greek Testament, with English Notes, Critical, Phi- lological, and Explanatory, Ac, 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 18:^2; 2d ed., 18.36 j 3d, 1839 ; 4th, 1841. The 2d ed. was enlarged from the 1st, and the 3d upon the 2d; the 4th is almost exactly the same as the 3d; 9th ed., 1856, 2 vols. Svo, " Upon the whole, without depreciating the merit of the labours of precedins editors. Ibis third .-dition of the Greek Test.ament, by Dr. Bloomfield. mav iustlv be re^'arded as the most, valuable for biblical students that has yet been issued from the press in this country."— Home's Jntroduc; which see for copious notices of Dr. B.'s labours. " Invaluable to all those whose profession requires, or whose lei- sure admits of, a critical study of the sacred writings. Dr. B. has deserved well both of the Church and of the Christian world, and has fairly earned the highest remuneration which the dispensers of ecclesiastical patronage have to bestow." — Eclectic Revieto. College and School Greek Testament, with English Notes, 12mo. "This edition of the Greek Testament supplies a desideratum in scholastic literature. The notes (which are strictly grammatical, scholastic, and elementarv) furnish to the juvenile student every requisite aid for the correct interpretation of the New Testament. The volume is as cheapas it is beautifully and accurately printed. — Christian Ri^iemhranrer. . m * "It certainly, as a manual, has great advantage over the Testa- ments of liartiv and Valpv."— C/mrc/i of Eng. Quarterly Revieiv. " Dr. Bloomfield's New Test.ament for the use of Schools. Lecture- rooms, Colleges, &c.. is an invaluable work; the notes and critical appar.itus being in general constructed with great labour for the present edition. BLO BLO "It is Impnssililc fn say how f;ir tin* puhlic are indebted to Br. Bloomfield fur tlnst- Ialn.urs "f liis imliistrious pen; they will carry down his naiiii' with thi- hii;hi'st bnimur to posterity." — Evangdi- cal Mag., N-n\ I. Bloomfield, William. BloomfieM's Blossoms, or the Camp of Philosophy. Vi/ Voj/agca and Travels. *' The VoyaL'i- iiitu tin- Lev;Lrit is the voyage of a Skeptic; it has more of the iihiinsophiT tb.in thti traveller, and would, probably, never have W-i\\ written but fur the purpose of insinuating his religious sentiments. Yet his retlections are so striking and origi- nal, and so artfully interwoven with the thread of bis adventures, that they enliven instead of embarrassing the narrative. He has the plausible art of coluuring his paradorc with the re.semblance of truth. So little penetration had the orthodox court of I'hiirles the First, that mere! ,' on the merit of this book, he was appointed one of the bandof gei.tleman pensioners.'" — Warloii's Li/kh/ Sir Thomas Piypp. Sir Henry wrote an Epistle in Praise of Tobacco and Coffee, profi.veu to a little treatise entitled Organon Salutis, written by W. raimsoy, Esq., 1657, 59, 64, 12mo. A Satire entitled The Exchange Walk, pub. in 1C47, was written by Blount, " As I have been infi-rmed by some of his relations, tho'his sons know nothing of it.'" — Wood. However this may be. Wood certainly errs (according to Dr. Bliss) in stating that Sir Henry pub. John Lillie's Six Comedies, Lon., 1632, Svo. " They were published by Kdward Ulount. the bookseller, one ot the proprietors of the first edition of the plays of i^hakspeare." Though Dr. Bliss made this correction in 1813, the error has been handed down in our latest works. But such im- perfection must be, and doubtle.'^.s we have our full share. In the Oracles of Reason, (sec Blount, CHAnr.ES,) will be found a Latin fragment by Sir Henry, which shows that the skeptical opinions of Charles Bbiunt were certainly not likely to be rectified by the unsound sentiments of his father. Of solid judgment there would seem to have been a sad deficiency in bnth. Blount, J., Surgeon. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1792. Blount, John, in Latin. Bloudus, a divine of the 13th century, was educated at the Universities of Oxford and Paris. He has the credit of being the first that lec- tured on Aristotle, both in Paris and Oxford. — Wood's Annals. He was Prebendary and Chancellor in the Church of York, and in 1232 was elected Archbishop of Canter- bury, by the chapter. The pope, however, declared the election void; the secret objection Bale considers to have been that Blount ■■ Was more learned than that court wished an archbishop to be." As an author Blount was very famous. It is doubtful if any of his works are extant. Bale mentions Snmmarium Sacra; Facultatus, lib. i., Disceptatlones aliquot, lib. i., and several Commentaries on the Scri[dures. — Ltlitnd ; Bale; Pi'fi ; Wood'n Annals, bt/ Gntrh, li'c. " He was celebi-ated by bis coutt-niporariL'S for the elegance of his style. and ("T the extL-nsivfiiess nf his learning. John lioss speaks of him as a prudi-^'y of tTuditinn."' Blount, Thomas, 1018-1679, a native of Bardesley in Worcestershire, entered htm.'-.elf of the Middle Temple, and was admitted to the Bar. "Of a noble and antient family of bis name, but never advan- taged in learning by the help of an university, [he was a It. Catho- lic,] only his own and industry, together witli the helps of his scho- lastical acquaintance." — Wood. His publications were numerous. The Art of making Devises, trans, from Henry Estienne, Lon., 1646, 4to; again enlarged, 1650, 4to. Acaderaie of Eloquence, 1654, 12mo. Glossographia, Lon., 1656, *70, '71, *79, "91, Svo; en- larged by W. Nelson, 1717, fol. This is a dictionary of obscure legal terms. He presented Anthony Wood with a copy of it: " Keceiv'd from Tho. Blount, of the Inner Temple. Esq., a book of his writing, Ac. . . . This book he gave A. W. because he had, in his great reading, collected some cild words for his use, which were remitted therein. Afterwards sending to him more, they were remitted into the second edition of that book." — Jtlitn. Oj-tm ; Life. This 2d edit, was pub. 1670. The Lamps of the Law, 2uy BLO and the laghts of the Gospel. Lon., 1658, 8vo. A Perli- gree of the Blounts, printed in Peachman's Complete Gen- tleman, 1661. Boseoliol, or the Cumpleat History of his Sacred Majesties most Miraculous Preservation alter the Battle of Worcester, .3d Sep., 1651, in two parts; 1st part, Lon.. 1660, 12mo. Collection of the Statutes concerning Bankrupts, with the Resolutions of the Judges upon the same. Lon., 1670, 8vo. In 1673 he pub. a criticism upon Phillips's NewWorld of Words, and in 1672 Animadver- sions upon Baker's Chronicle. A Cat. of the Catholics who lost their lives in the King's Cause, during the Civil War. Fragmenta Antiquitatis, &e., Lon.. 1679, 1784, 8vo; new ed. by Beckwith, 1815, 4to. A work of great popu- larity. Boseobel, the Second Part, with the addition of the Claustrum Regale reseratum, or the King's conceal- ment at Trent, in Somersetshire, pub. by Mrs. Anne Wind- ham of Trent, Lon., 1681. This work was formerly much sought after by the curious. See a valuable notice of Bos- eobel in the Retrospective Review, vol. xiv. 47-6.S. "The two trjicts entitled Boseobel, with all the plates, .ire among the most scarce and hit^h-priced historical pamphlets of the 17th century." — Reims. Review. Blount also pub. A Catholic Almanac, 1661, '62, '63, and an Animadversion on Booker's Almanac. ■■ He w.ss a man of genera] knowledge, and an industrious and useful writer." Blount, Sir Thomas Pope, 1649-1697, eldest son of Sir Henry, and brother of Charles Blount, sat in Par- liament as member for St. Alban's and Hertfordshire ; he was also for the last thirty years of his life commissioner of accounts, to which post be was elected by the House of Commons. He pub. in 1690, Lon., folio, "CE>-soR.i Ceij;briokum Autuorum sive tractatus in quo varia yirorum doctorum de clarissimis. cuju.sque, seculi scriptoribus judicia traduntur. Unde faeillimo nej.'otio lector dit^noscere queat, quid in singulis quibusque istorum authorum m.-ixime memora- bile sit, & quonam in pretio apud erudites semper hahiti fuorint. Omnia in studiosorum gratiam collegit k iu ordiuem diiiessit se^ cundum .seriem temporis quo ipsi authores Horuerun t : i. e. .4 CRITIQUE ON THE MOST CELEBRATED WRITERS, Or a treatise in which the various opinions of the most learned men. as to the merit of the most famous authors in every age. are delivered, whereby the reader may, with great ease, discern what is most memorable with respect to each of these authors, and in what esteem they have always been .among the learned. The whole for the use of the studious, collected and digested according to the order of time in which the authors flourished." — Bing.Brit.; in which see the author's admirable epistle explaining his design. It will be observed that the plan of this work is the one in view in the present volume, (limited to British and American authors,) though one entertained by us long be- fore we were acquainted with the peculiarities of Sir Thomas's excellent compilation. It is written in Latin, and in the foreign editions. Geneva, 1694, 4to, and 1710, 4to, the quotations from modern languages are trans, into Latin, so as to give the whole a uniform appearance. " When I first began the work, it was scarcely in my thoughts to communicate it to the learned world : for my own use I drew it together; and now at the request of persons of distinguished learning, give it to the Public. The rather because bavin.' ob- served with what eagerness the Acta Eruditorum. .and other books of the same nature, are caught up. not only by men of slender learning, but even such as are in the first forms of learning. I could not but hope, that even this collection of mine, such .as it IS, would not displease them."— £p!'.s»e tn the reader, in Birig. Brit. Sir Thomas's list of authors is brief indeed, as it in- cludes less than 600 names, although he begins with " Hermes Trismegistus, who is thought to have been co- eval with Moses, and from him I descend to our own time." Wo intend that our list shall enrol the n.ames of some 30,000 authors, but cannot, of course, be expected to be very diffuse in treating of each one. Nicoron compares the Censura to Baillot's Jugemens des Savans, but there is the important difference that Baillet reports the opinions of others in his own words with his additions, whilst Blount transcrilies them literally, which, remarks a critic, "adds consider.ably to their value." This value, nt least, the pre- sent volume will possess, whilst we shall take the liberty which Monsieur Baillet indulges in, of occasionally stat- ing our own views. " Blount omits no class nor anv age; his arrangement is nearly chronological, and leads the reader from the earliest records of literatiire to his own time. The polite writers of modern Europe, and the men of science, do not receive their full share of atten- tion ; but this volume, though not, I think, much in request at present, is a very convenient accession to any scholar's librarv "— Hanum's Lit. nf Europe. ^ *-T,'^'^'"™' "^''!i"' ''""*• PuMished by Sir Thomas Pope Blount, entitled Censura. .fee." — Dr. H.\rwood. '■ Sh Thomas Pope mount's Cen.sura. &c. is unquestionably a learned work— the production of a rural and retired life " " ■Dmbraticam enim vitam et ab omni strcpitu remotam sem- K- i" ) ii"^ ""l'?- ™''" *'"' ™**°'' i° ^he preface. It treats ;?)!? ." J^f."""^' learned men, and sparingly of the English."- Inoain 5 BilAwmanvx. BLU " The object of the Censura. Ac. was to bring together the opi- nions of the learned on the most distinguished writers of all countries from the earliest periods; and the very accomplished and erudite compiler has accordingly produced a volume of great research, authority, and use." — Sir' Egerton Brydges: Ci^nsura Literaria. vol. i. "It is hard to say whether the author's pains or his modesty be more conspicuous. This we may lie the rather allowed to s.ay, having often consulted Sir Thomas's book in order to enrich our own." — Bioe/. Brit. Sir Thomas pub. in 1693, 12mo, A Natur.al History, con- taining many not common observations, extracted out of the best modern authors. "He presents the public with the fruits of his reading, as to N-aturil History, without depriving those from whom he drew his knowledge, of any part of their reputation; a conduct which few have iinit,ated, and which we can scarcely enough commend," — Bioej. Brit. Essays on Poetry, Learning, Education, Customs of the Ancients, Passion, and several other subjects, Lon., 1697, 4to. " His Kssays in point of learning, judgment, and freedom of thought, are certainly no w.iy inferior t^ those of the famous Mon- taigne." — Ibid. De Re Poctiea, nr Remarks upon Poetry ; with Characters and Censures of the most considerable Poets, whether an- cient or modern. Extr.acted out of the best and choicest criticks, Lon., 1694, 4to. " It is a pity that he had not left out the whole of what relates to the Greek and Latin, and confined himself entirelv to the British V»ts."—DUidin' s Bn. Art of Ryding and Breaking Great Horset^, Svo. Theorinues uf the Pla- nets. 1602, 4to. Blunt, Charles. Mechanical Drawing, 2 vols. r. 4to, 1810. Blunty Charles F, Lecture on Astronomy. Beauty of the Heavens; a Pictorial Di^^plny of the Astronomical Phenomena of the Universe; with a Series of Familiar Lectures on Astronomy, expressly adapted for Family In- struction and Entertainment, 4to. with 104 coloured plates. " A moi-e jtcreptable prt-seut could not be devist-d Ln- Ibe young." — Lfm. AH U7ii''m. Blunt, Edmund, son of Edmund M.. b. Nov. 13, 1799, Newhurypi.rt, Mass., an hydrographer of great skill and utility. From iSlOto the present date (1858) he has been engaged in making charts and prosecuting surveys in Gua- temala, West Indies, and the sea-coasts of tbu U. States. Blunt, Edmund Itt., b. June 20, 1770. Portsmouth, N.H.,residcut.of N.Y., and father of. Joseph, Ehrey's Life of that prelate. Bodley, Sir Thomas, 1544-1612, the illustrious founder of the noble Library at Oxford which bears his name, was a native of Dunscomb, near Crediton. His birthday, March 2d. should ever be honoured, not only by the sons of Oxford, but also by the disciples of letters and philosophy in all parts of the world. His father being warmly attached to the Protestant cause, and, therefore, obnoxious to the favourites of Queen Mary, resided for some years at Geneva, where Thomas attended the lectures of Chevalier on Hebrew, Bcroabl on Greek, and Calvin and Beza on Divinity. Returning to 'England, he was en- tered at Magdalen College in 1559. Hero in due season he became lecturer on the Greek tongue, reader on Natural Philosophy, and junior proctor. Leaving college, he tra- velled for nearly four years, and three years after his re- turn was appointed Esquire of the Body to Queen Eliza- beth. Ho now devoted himself to diplomacy, and resided abroad for almost the whole period from 1585 to 1597. Having retired to private life, he determined to put in exe- cution a long-cherished plan, to found in Oxford a library worthy of the reputation of that ancient seat of learning. Accordingly he made a proposition to this effect in a letter "from London, Feb. 23, 1597," to Dr. Ravis, Vicc-Chnn- cellor of Oxon. He prefaces his noble overture with the declaration that "I have been always of a mind that, if God, of his goodness, should make me able to do any thing for the benefit of posterity. 1 would shew some token of afl"ection that I have evermore borne to the studies nf good learning." This liberal proposition was received in a better spirit BOD than has been evinced in some cases of a like nature in i our own day by certain institutions of learning in Eng- I land and America. Bodley encouraged others to follow his example, and the harvest was so plentiful that Sir ; Thomas determined to pull down the old fabric and ** build greater," On the 19th of July. 1610, he laid the first j stone of a new edifice, which he did nut live to see com- . pleted. In 1629 the third Earl of Pembroke made a valua- : ble addition to the Library, of several hundreds of valuable Greek MSS. In 1623 Sir Kenelm Digby added to its stores, and after this followed the precious collections of Laud, Selden, Francis Junius, and many others, ^e presume that the Bodleian Library numbers this day (1854) not less than 250.000 volumes. Sir Thomas wrote his Life in 1609, which was pub. Oxon., 1647, 4to, and again by Hearne in the Reliriuiai Bodleianae, 1763, 8vo, including his Letters to Br. James, &c. Litterae D. The. Bodleio, Ac., Ox., 1658, 4to. "Out of 234 Li'tters, not above 2 are dated; which renders the little historical mattt-r in them of less value: they wholly turn on buyiniJ: and sortins lionks, building the library, and other matters relatin;; to that subject." — Cole. Dr. Thomas James prepared a catalogue of the Library pub. 1605, *20, '35, '36. It then contained some 20,000 articles. The reader will be pleased to see by reference to the following testimonies, the veneration with which the character of Sir Thomas was regarded by his contem- poraries : Oratio Funebris habita in Schola Theologica in Obitum clariss. Eijuitis Tho. Bodley. Oxon. 1613, 4to. This ora- tion (by Js. Wake) is reprinted in Dr. Will. Bates's Vitie seleetorum aliquot vinirum. Justa Funebria Ptoleratei Oxoniensis, Thomge Bodleii Equitto avriiti, celebrata in Academia Oxoniensi. Mensis Martii29, 1613 ; Oxon.,1613, 4to. This collection of funeral verses eontiiins contribu- tions by Archliishop Laud, Robert Burton, author of the Anatomy of Mehmcholy, Isaac Casaubon. Ac. Bodleiommena; seu Carmina et Oi*ationcs in Obitus ejus, Oxon., 1613, 4to. For an account of Catalogues, &c. of the Bodleian Library, see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and Sims's Hand Book to the British Museum, Lou., 1854. " Thomas Itodley, another Ptolemy, thouj^h no writtM- worth the remembnince. yet hath he been the greatest |irnmi.t<'r of learning that hath yet appeared in our nation." — Anth.inv \\'noD. '■ View this illustrious bibliomaniac, with his :j:iMitlianan-liUeair, and expressive countenance, superintending^', with the zeal of a Custom-house ofhcer, the shipping, or ratliring. entreating for their support towards his magnificent establishment : and, moreover.superintend- ing the erection of the building, as well as examining the timbers with the nicety of a master-carpenter I Think of this: and when you walk under the grave and appropriately-ornamented roof, which tt'lls you that you are within the precincts of the Bodleian Library, pay obeisance to the portrait of the founder, and hold converse with his gentle spirit that dwells therein." — Dibdiri's Bihlumiavia. It is an interesting fact that two of the first scholars of their respective periods, Isaac Casaubon and Philip Bliss, the one in 1613 and theotherabout 1813, acknowledge thetr obligations to the noble founder of the Bodleian Library : " As long as I remained at Oxford, T passed whok- days in the Library : for books cannot be taken out, but the library is open to all scholars for seven or eight hours every day. You might al- ways see therefore many of these, greedily enjoying the banquet prepared for them, which gave me no small pleasure." — Casauh. Eput. S99, in HallamS Lit. of Europ>:. *' It is surely unnecessary to repeat the praises of such a man as Sir Thomas Bodley, a man whose name ivill only perish with that of bis country. The obligations which literature owes to the exertions of this individual can only be estimated by those who have opportunity as well as occasion to consult the inestimable treasures he beijueathed to the place of his education. And it is with a niin^rlcd sensation of gratitude and pride, that the Editor of these Atuen.e acknowledges the assistance he receives from the Bodleian Lirrary, an institution which he boldly asserts to be the most useful as well as the most magnificent iu the universe." — Athen. Oxon.. Bliss's Etlit. During the two centuries which had elapsed since Isaac Casaubon gratefully acknowledged that literary solace which enabled him. a wanderer in a strange land, to for- get for a time the apostasy of his first-born and the mur- der of his king, how many of the sons of science thirsting for knowledge bad drank deep at that fountain of learn- ing. — and jironounced benedictions on tbe wise master- builder of that classic temple dedieatt^d to intellectual progress — The Bodleian Library at Oxford! Bodrugan, Nicholas, alias Adams. Epitome of the Title that the Kj'nges Majestic of Englande hath to the Povereigntie of Scotland. Continued upon the nncient "Writers of both Nations from the beginnynge. Dedicated to King Edward VI., Lon., 1516, 8vo. White Knight's sale, X8 15e. BOG Boethius, Boece, or Boeis, Hector, b. about 1470, d. about 1660 ? was a native of Dundee, in the shire of Angus. After a course of study at Dundee and Aber- deen, he continued his education at. the University of Paris. Elpbinston. Bishop of Aberdeen, founded in thatcity about 1500, the King's College, and sent for Boethius to return and take the post of principal, which call he obeyed. Upon the death of the bishop, Boethius wrote his life, and the lives of his predecessors in that Pee. This work is enti- tled Vita? Episcoporum Murtblacensium etAberdonensium, Paris, 1522, 4to. The list commences with Beanus, the first bishop, and ends with Gawin Dunbar, who was bishop when the book was published. Boethius now undertook to write, also in Latin, a history of Scotland, commencing with remote antiquity, and ending with the death of James I. The iirst edition w.as pub. at Paris, in 1526. 4to, under the title of Scotorum Historia ab illius Geutis Origine. Of this edit, there were but 17 books. The author continued to enlarge and improve it until his death about 1551*. (?) An- other edit, was pub. in Paris iu 1574, folio, containing 18 books, and part of a lUth, added by Boethius, and a con- tinuation by John Ferrier. a Piedmontese. bringing down the history to the reign of James III. This History was trans, by order of James V., by John Ballendcn, under which name tbe reader will find an account of the version referred to. So rare are copies of the original trans, that the lloxburghe copy sold for £65, and the Towneley copy for £85. Sir Walter Scott edited a reprint, (200 copies,) Edin., 1821, 2 vols. 4to. Ballenden's translations are con- sidered to be the finest specimens of the old Scottish lan- guage extant. Boethius has been more praised and blamed than most autliors ; -Of all Scots histonans. next to Buchanan, Boethius has been the most ivnsnred and commended by the learned men who have mentioned him." — Mackknzie. " Iu tbe first six books there are a great many particulars not to be found iu Fordun, or any other writer now extant ; unless the authors which ho pretends ti> have s.-i-n be hereafter discovered, he will continue to be shrewr.Johnsoh\'!: Tour in .Scnflaiid, which see; also Mackenzie's Lives; Biog. Brit.; Nicolson's Hist. Library ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. Bo^an, Zachary, 1025-1659. an English Puritan, educated at St. Alban's Hall, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, wrote Additions to Rous's Archseologiae Attieae, tbe 5th edit, of which was pub. Oxf., 1658, 4to; View of Scriptural Threats and Punishments, Oxf., 165.S, Svo; Meditations, &c., 1653, Svo; Help to Prayer, 1650, 12mo; and a work pub. 1658, Svo, drawing comparisons between the writings of Homer and the Holy Scriptures. "The design of this learned, and now rare, philological work, is to point out the similarity of many forms of expression in Uomer to those which occur in Scripture." — Obme. "■The author states that it is not his intention to institute any cnmpari.TOn between the sacred writers and their opinions and ITomer, but simply between their idioms and ways of speaking." — T. H. IIORNE. Bogan added Hesiodius, Ac, t^ .=:how how Hesiod ex- presses himself very nearly in the same manner as Homer. Bo;E;art, Alexander H., 1S04-1826. an American poet, died before he had contributed any thing of conse- quence to the literature of the country. Bo^nrt^ Elizabeth, a native and resident of New York, is a daughter of tbe Rev. David S. Bogart of that city. Under tbe signature of Esteli-e, Miss Bogart has contributed many articles to The New York Mirror and other periodicals. Four of her prose tales have been ho- noured by prizes. Few pieces of American poetry deserve higher commendation than the pathetic lines, " He cornea too hite," &c. Bogsj, Edward, Geology of Lincolnshire Wolds, Trans.^KeoI. Soe., ISlfi. Bojgiie, David, 1750~1S25. n Pissentingminister, edu- cat<;d at the University of Edinburgh, was pastor of an 213 Bon Independent congreg:ation at Gosport fur fifty years, and head of the academy established by Mr. Welch, a banker, for educating young men to the ministry. An Essay on the Divine Authority of the N. Testament, Lon., 1S02, 8vo; several edits., and trans, into French. "It is one of the best works for its size on the eTidences of Christianity, and as an introdurtion to the New Testament. . . . The sentiments are exctrllent. the lanpuage perspicuous, and the reasoniiiu co;fent and conviucinji." — ()itME. A Catechism trans, from the French, Lon., 1807, 12mo. A Sermon, Hendon, 1S08. History of the Dissenters, from the Revolution in 1689 to the year ISOS ; in conjunction with Mr. Bennett; 1809, 3 vols. Svo; in 4 vols. Svo, 1812. This work was intended to form a continuation of Neal's History of the Puritans. " It is far superior to Nt-al's History both in point of execution and general iuti-rest. The orinio and progress of Dissent is a su>v ject, however, that still waits to enga-^e the interest of some phi- losophical historian." — Dr. Jamuson's Ci/c. If. Biog. "In Bog ue and Bennett's History there is a bias in favour of Dissenters: it is bitter against Churchmen."— Uickersteth. Discourses on the Minennium,2 vols., 1813-16. "These discourses are not exegetical or argumentative, but en- tirely practical and devotional."— Lowndes. "There are some just remarks on the work in Tint's New Illus- tration of Prophecy."— BiCKERSTETH. "It is a judicious, pious, and seasonable work. A work for which there is reason to belii-ve that mankind will be the better, and with which a good man may honourably finish the toils of authoi-- Bhip." — Lon. Ei'leciic Revi£\ BOK number of works. 1683-91: we notice a few. A Defenca of Sir Robert Filmer, Lon., 1684. The History of the Desertion, [of James 11..] 1689, Svo. The Justice of Peace's Calling, 1BS4. A geographical Dictionary, 1688, Svo; 1691, Svo; continued by Bernard, 1693. folio. The Life of Bishop Jewel, 16S5. The Great Historical, Geographi- cal, and Poetical Dictionary, 1694, fol. Character of Queen Elizabeth, 1693, Svo; trans, into French, Haye, 1695, Svo. He trans. Sleiden's Hist, of the Reformation, Puffeudorf 's Present State of Germany, Wheare's Method of Reading History, 1698, Svo, and some other works. Mr. S. Wiltou Rix promises us a volume, to be entitled The Diary and Autobiography of Edmund Bohun, Esq. from a MS. in the p.jssession of Richard Bohun, Esq. Bohuu, R. The Wind, Hurricanes. Ac, Oxf., 1671, Svo Bohun, William, of the Middle Temple. Privilcgia Londini, or the Rights, Lilierties, Privileges, Laws, and Customs of the City of London, Lon., 1702, Svo; 3d edit, with additions. 1723, Svo. Cursus Cancellariw, Ac, 1715, Svo. Mr. B. pub. other leg.il treatises, Ac. 1702-33. Boileaii, D. An Essay on the Study of Statistics, containing a Syllabus for Lectures, Ac, 1S07, 12mo. Let- ters, Ac from the French, 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. Introduc- tion to the Study of Political (Economy, or An Elementary View of the manner in which the Wealth of Nations is produced, increased, distriljuted, and consumed, ISll, Svo. Inquiry into the various Systems of Political fficonomy ; their advantages and disadvantages ; and the Theory most Bohn, Henry G., an enterprising J^ondonpubMsher f(j,.ou„Me to °the Increase of Nation'al Wealth; trans, from -. - the French of Ganilch, 1S12, Svo. Boileau edited the Me- moirs. Ac. of the Baron de Grimm et Diderot,1813, 4vols.8vo. Bois, Latin, Boisius. See Boys, John. Boise, James R. Exercises in Greek Prose Compo- sition, adapted to the First Book of Xenophon's Anabasis New York, 12mo. '' We regard it as one peculiar excellence of this book, that it pre- supposes both the diligent schoL^r and the painstaking teacher."— CliHstian Register. Boker, George H., b. 1824, is a native of Philadel- phia, the son of Charles S. Boker, Esq., President of the Girard Bank of that city. At nineteen years of age, Mr. Boker graduated B.A. at Nassau Hall, Princeton College, New Jersey. After travelling for some time in England and on the Continent, Mr. B. returned to Philadelphia, where he now resides. He first appeared as an author in 1847, when he pub. The Lesson of Life, and other Poems. " In this were indications of a uianly temper and a cultiv.tted mind, but it had the customary faults of youthful compo.sitions in occasional feebleness of epithet, indistinctness, diffusiveness, and a certain kind of i-omantirism. that betrays a want of experi- ence of the world." — It. W. Griswold : Ftiels and I't'ttry of America. " It contains m.%ny pleasing passages, yet frequently shows a want of care aud finish in the execution. A pure and elevated tone of sentiment jK'rvades it throughout, and it embodies enough of poetic thou^'ht, wei-e the poem compressed to half its present length, to make it a production of a high order of merit." — Liti^ vary }Vtrfld, ii. 560. Mr. Boker now turned his attention to the drama, and in 184S produced Calaynos, a Tr.agedy, which was played and bibliopole, of German parentage, was h. in London, about the year ISOO, and is favourably known as the editor of Bibliotheca Parriana and the translator of some jiieces from the German. Mr. Lynes thus handsomely aclinow- ledgesMr.B.'s intelligent labours in the former capacity: ■' This Preface must not be concluded, without a distiuct ac- knowledgment of the obligations incurred to Mr. Bohn. jun., for the great labour which he h!is bestowed iu compiling this work, as well .IS for the judgment and knowledge which he has shewn in correcting errors occasioned by the indistinct handwriting of Dr. Parr, or the blunders of his various amanuenses." — Jo/m Lynes, Reclory. Elm>ty LmeU, 21s( Muij, 1827 ; Preface to Biblio- tbjtca rarriaua. „- , ,t» ,. » Mr. B. translated vol. iv. of Schiller s Works, (Bohn s Library,) containing The Robbers, Ac; also, A Polyglott of Foreign Proverbs : comprising French, Italian, German, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and' Dani.sh. Compiled Hand- Book of Games. Ed. Addison's Works, 6 vols. ; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, enlarged with revisions and cor- rections, in 8 Pts., forming 4 vols., 1857-5S, Ac. Mr. B. observes, " The publication was undertaken more as a boon to his confreres and to literary men than as an object of mercantile profit; and he trusts it will be received as such." But Mr. Bohn's M.iGSUM Opos is his "monster" Guinea Catalogue, Lon., 1841, enormously thick nondescripto, Teu- tonic shape. Tub model ! But the London Literary Ga- zette gave so graphic a description of this plethoric tomo on its first appearance, that we can do no better than quote it in lieu of any sketch of our own : Mr. Bohn has outdone all former doings in the same line, and with great success both in America and England, given us a liter.arv curiosity of remarkable character. The volume , a j^ is a clear and cLlssic piece of composition, reminding one, by is the siiuattest and the fattest we ever saw.^^ It is an alderman i jjg elevated purity of tone, of Taltburd's Ion, though it is marked among books, and not a very tiiU one: and then, alderman-like, its inside is richly stuffi-d with a multitudeofgond things. Why, there is a list of more th.-^n ■i;'..000 ;irti'-les, and the pages reach to 1948! . . . This catalogue has '-ost bim an outlay of upwards of £2000. and it describes ."ioo.ooo vuluioes; a stock which could hardly be valued at much less than a ].Iuni." The s.ame excellent periodical describes another booli seller's catalogue under notice as " a shrimp, comp.arc J with gedy, [1850,] by much greater dramatic spirit and power than that didactic drama. . . . Calaynos. without any adventitious recommendation, unheralded by a popular name, and unaided by a popular^ theme, was eminently successful, not only in this country, but in Eng- land, and immediately placed its author in the front rank of liv- ing dramatists." — Koiiert T. Conrad. Mr. Boker's next production was Anne Boleyn, a Tra- Mr. Bohn's lug fish.'' Having long made Bibliography our special study, we may be allowed to express the opinion that the Guinea Cata- logue is an invaluable lexicon to any literary man, and ten guineas would be a che.ap price for awork calcidatcd to save time by its convenience for reference, and money by its stores of information as to the liter.ary aud pecuniary value of coveted tomes. As an eminent benefactor to the reading Which in many respects surpasses CaLiynos, evincing more skill in the use of iangujige, more force iu the display of passion, and a finer vein of poetical feeling, with the same admirable con- trast of character, and unity and directness of conduct." — K. W Griswolo. To this succeeded The Betrothal ; Leonor de Guzman, a Tragedy; and Francesca da Rimini. The limited space to which we are confined prevents any examination into the merits of these compositions. Plays and Poems, BosL, pulilic, by the republication in a cheap form of costly and jgjg_ j vols. 12mo. valuable works, as the projector of the Standard Library, j „ i^'j^^ |,]„^ „f jjjj images is chastened by a noble simplicity, 130 vols Scientific Lib., Illustrated Lib., Lib. of French l keeping them within the line of human sympathy and natural Memoirs, Lib. of Extra Volumes, Classical Lib., (consisting ■ expression. He has fniiowed tlie masters of dramatic writmg>yith of translations of the Greek and Latin Classics,) Antiqna- ' rare judgment, lie also excels many g,fted_poets of h,s class m_ a rian Lib., Philologico-Philosophical Lib., Historical Lib., Libriiry of British Classics, Ecclesiastical Lib., Miniature Lib., and Cheap Series, — numbering in all upwards of five hundred volumes, — Mr. Bohn does not need our praise, but he cannot refuse our gratitude. Bohun, Edmund, d. about 1702? admitted Fellow- commoner of Queen's Ccdlcge. Cambridge, in 1663, sub- sequently served as a Justice of the Peace. He pub. a 211 quality essential to an acted play— spirit. To the tragic ability he unites aptitude for the easy, colloquial, and jocose dLiloguc, such as must intervene in the genuine Shaksperian dr.ama, to give re- lief and additirjnal effect to high emotion. His language, also, rises often to the highest point of energy, pathos, and beauty." — II. T. TuCKERMAN : Characferi.^tics of Literature. 2d Series. "The ai'e has not produced a poem more graceful than The Po- desta's Bau"liter. nor scarcely one so distinguished for its simple and genuine, but deep and thrilling, pathos. The reader who can forbear to drop upon the page the tribute of a tear to the gentle Giulia, BOL BOL ' Sweeter far Than roKe or lily, violet or vine, Thou|j;h they could gather all their charms in one.' would weep ibr nothing;. Can the literature of our land boast any tbiup more purely ori^'inal. more luxuriantly imajjinative, than The Ivory Oirvt:rf His ^mg of the Earth, also, is bold, animated, and displays wonderful power; and I have a Cottage is not sur- passed, as a specimen of descriptive sweetness and beauty, in our own or in any laii^^uage." — R. T. Coniwd: Graham's Mag., Sliuch, 1854. Bolafley, H.V. First Step to Hebrew. Lon.,1811,12mo. Bolaiue, N. Remarks ou Inoculation, 1754, Svo. Bold, Henry? of New College, Oxford. Wit a Sport- ing, I'c, Lou., 1662, Svo. Poems, 1664, 8vo. Latiue Songs with their English, een erroneously assigned as the date of his birth. He was brought up under the eye of his grandmother, a Presbyterian, who placed him under the tutorship of the celebrated Puritan preacher, Daniel Burgess, who residetl in the family. Bolingbroke tells Pope, long afterwards, at the end of the epistle to Sir W. Wyndham, that he was obliged, while yet a boy, to read over the commentaries of Dr. Manton, whose "Pride it was to have made an hundred and nineteen sermons on the hundred and nineteenth Psalm." At Eton he became acquainted with Sir Robert Walpole, and a rivalship here commenced which continued through life. He removed from Eton to Christ Church, Oxford, where, as subsequently, he was distinguished for his talents, brilliancy of conversation, fascinating manners, and remarkable personal beauty. He left college only to continue a course of the wildest profligacy, which caused his parents, with the hope of his reformation, to bring about a match between the dissolute youth and the daughter and coheiress of Sir Henry Winchescomb. This experiment, to reform a rake by the sacrifice of an inno- cent female, ended as such ventures generally do. In a short time they separated, and were never again united. During his exile she died iu England, and in 1720 Boling- broke espoused the widowed Marchioness de Villette, a niece of Madame Maintenon. They lived together for thirty years, and he survived her only about a year. In 1700 he was chosen to represent the borough of Wootton B;i8?et in Parliament. In 1704 he became Secretary of War, and held this post for three years, resigning in 1707, when Harley was dismissed from office. In 1710, upon the fall of the Godolphin administration, Harley came into power, and St. John became Secretary of State. In 1712 he was created Viscount Bolingbroke, and exhibited great chagrin at not being raised to an earldom. His father's congratulation ou his new honours was something of the oddest : '• Ah, Harry." said he, " T ever said you would be hanged; hut now I find you will he heJieaded!" The accession of George I. interposed an effectual bar- rier to the ambition of the courtier. Addison was made foreign secretary, and the Whigs determined to impeach Bolingbroke of high treason. Satisfied that his life was aimed at by his enemies, he fled in disguise. March 25, 1715, to Calais. By invitation of Charles Stuart, he visited him at Lorraine, and accepted the post of his Secretary of State, which caused his impeachment and attainder. In 1723 he was permitted to return home, and his estates were restored to him, but the House of Lords was still closed against him. He now, in conjunction with Wynd- ham and Pulteney, who were in Pailiament. commenced a tierce war against Sir Robert Walpole, which lasted for ten years. The Craftsman, by Caleb D'Auvers, was the vehicle of their vigorous and bitter attacks. Such was the ])n]iu- larity of this paper, which commenced Dec, 5, 1725, and extended to Uvols. 12mo, that 1(1,000 to 12,000 copies were sometimes sold in one day. In 1736 he again visited Franco, where he resided until the death of his father, iu 1742, when ho retired to the family seat at Battersea for the rest of his earthly existence, which was terminated by a cancer in the face in 1751. The notorious David Mallet was his lordship's literary legatee, and in 1754 he pub. an edition of his works in 5 vols. 4to. To these 2 vols. 4to, of Correspondence, State Papers. <&o., were added by G. Parke, in I79S. In some of the Essays in the collected edition appeared those skep- tical opinions which had been less boldly advanced in hia lifetime. During his life there appeared a Letter to Swift, 1715, fob; the Representation, 1715, 4to ; His Case, 1715, Svo; Dissertations upon Parties, 1735, 4to ; these Disser- tations, together with the Letters in the Study and Use of History, first appeared in the Craftsman ; Remarks on the History of England, 1743, Svo; Letters on the Spirit of Patriotism ; on the Idea of a Patriot King, and on the State of Parties at the Accession of George I., 1749, Svo. The Idea of a Patriot King had been intrusted to Pope, who had printed and circulated many more copies than the author intended. His story is well known, and need not now be repeated. Mallet was employed to edit the edition pub. 1740, and the Advertisement, severely reflect- ing ni>on Pope, has brought down much censure on hia lordship's memory. But a far graver offence rests upon the name of Bolingbroke — his impious attacks upon Reve- lation. Johnson's opinitm of tlie author of these *' wild and pernicious ravings under the name of philosophy" is well known : ■■ t-ir, he was a scoundrel, and a coward: a scoundrel for charg- ing a lilunderbuss against reljfrion and morality; a coward be- cause he had not resolution to lire it o!T himself, but left half-a- ci'own to a beggarly Scotchman, to draw the tri;rp;er after his death." No doubt Mr. David Mallet considered the post of can- noneer sufficient honour to counterbalance the condemna- tion which his editorial duties encountered. Dr. Johnson would not honour either author or editor by pei'usal ; for when Mr. Barney asked him if he had seen Warburton's book against Bolingbroke's Philosophy, he answered in his characteristic manner : " No, sir, I have never read Bolingbroke's impiety, and, there- fore, am not interested about its confutation." The name of Warburton naturally suggests the inge- nious artifice of Burke in his imitation of Lord Boling- broke in the Vindication of Natural Society. Both AVar- burton and Lord Chesterfield were among the believers in the authenticity of this eloquent forgery. Amcmg the great men of his time Bolingbroke stood proudly pre-emi- nent. Swift, slow to find or acknowledge merit in any man, considered himself exalted in lauding St. John, and Pope hardly stops short of paying him divine honours. Witness the idolatrous enthusiasm of the following: " I really think there is somethin"; iu that great man which looks as if he was placed here by mistake. When the comet ap- peared tn us a month or two ago, 1 had sometimes an imagination that it mitrht possibly be come to our world to carry him home; as a coach cnmes to one's door for other visitors." — Spaio's Artec. That Bolingbroke was sufficiently mortal to reciprocate human afl'ection we have undoubted evidence. lie watched over the form of the dying bard, and watered his pillow with his tears. On one of these affecting occasions, Spcnco tells us, he cried " over him for a considerable time with more concern than can be expressed. * great God ! what is man ?' said Lord B., looking on Mr. Pope, and repeating it several times, interrupted with sobs. * I have known him these thirty years; and value myself more for that man's love, — than' — [sinking his head, and losing hia voice in tears.]" Yet fain would this friend have excluded from the dying pillow of the man he so loved, the last con- solations which can minister to the soul of the departing: "The priest bad scarce departed when Bolintibroke, coming over from Hattersea, flew into a great lit of passion and indignation on the occasion of his being called In." — Warton. But when the day of darkness fell on the proud philoso- pher, the sophistry to which he trusted proved indeed a broken reed ! " He was overcome with terrors and excessive passion in his la=t illness. After one of his fits of jiassion, hf was overheard by Sir Ileiuy Mildmay complaining to himself, and saying. ''What wilt 215 . BOL my poor soul undergo for all tbesu tbiDgs?'" — Dr. IV., in Spence's j Anecdoi^s. Alas, indeed, for the desolate soul which in that trying hour must pass through the valley of the shadow of death, without the rod and the staff of the Shepherd, the strength of the Cuuiforter, and the fatherly benediction of the great Judge of all the earth ! " Enter not thou, my soul, into their sceret;" unto their assembly "be not thou united!" What a contrast does the "inevitable hour" of Bolingbroke and that of Addison present to our consideration ! Pope had no hesitation in declaring the object of his admirati'in to he the first writer, as well .as the greatest man, of liis age. Many interesting records of his enthu- siasm will bo found in Spence's Anecdotes. Puxterili/ has not endorsed the verdict of his contemporaries. In his Letters on the Study and Use of History, and those on Pa- triotism and Idea of a Patriot King, and his other works, we are charmed by grace of cianpoj^ition of no ordinary character ; but when we seek for evidence of solid judgment, and the results of dispassionate ratiocination, we shall find our labour is vain. To quote from the most masterly analysis with which we are acquainted of the political and literary character of Saint-John, " Bol'ingbrokeV abilities were exactly ofthat stamp which astonish and fascinate those who come into person.il contact with their pos- sessor, — more brilliant than solid, — more showy than substantial. His mind was not a profound one; but what it wanted in this re- spect was atoned for by its readiness and acuteness. He seemed to ffrasp every thing by intuition, and no sooner had he made him- self master of a proposition or an argument, than his astonishing memory enabled him to bring forth vast stores of information and illustratinu at a moment's warning. Endowed with a brilli:tnt im.agination, — a prodigious flow of words, — a style wbicli f iscinates the reader by the incomparable beauty of the language and the bounding elasticity of the sentences, and an extraordinary power of presenting his conceptions in tlie clearest light.— his contempo- raries looked upon him as one of those rare beings who seem to be endowed with a nature superior to that of common mortality, and who stoop down to the world only to evince their mastery of all its lore, and their superiority to its inhabitants. Hut. dazzled as they were by the vast surtjiceof the stream, they forgot to imiuire into its depth. We, in modern times, who know nothing of the artificial splendour with which a 'form excelling human.' — a man- ner that seemed given to sway mankind. — and a most dazzling style of conversation, — invested the name of Bolingbroke. are per- haps inclined, by the exaggeration of the praise once lavished on him. to do him but scanty justice." — Cutmirigfiiim's Bint]. Htstoni. Pope himself admitted that there might be a limit even to the genius of his " Saint-John," when he remarked " If ever bolingbroke tritles. it must be when he turns divine." Mr. AVarton confirms this opinion : " When 'fully attempted piv'trv. be 1 ame a.s ridiculous as Bo- lingbroke when ho atteoipted phildwiiiliy and divinity; we look in vain for that genius wbicli prodii.ed tb. Dissertation on Parties. in the tedious i.bil->snp|ii,:il works, of which it is no exaggerated s.atire to say that Ibr nasnii of th.-m is sophistical and inconclu- sive, the style dilTuse anil vitIwsc. and the learning seemingly con- tained in them not drawn from the originiils. but picked up and purloined from French critics and transl.ations." — WaHon's Life rif r.ipc. Upon the general merits of Bolingbroke as an author, Dr. Blair has some very judicious rem.arks : " Among English writers the one who has most of this character [vehemence] though mixed indeed, with several defects, is Lord Bolingbroke. Bolingbroke was formed by nature to be a factious leader ; the demagogue of a pnptdar assembly. Accordingly the style that runs thiimgb all his pnlirical writings is that of one declaiming with beat, rather tbaii writing with deliberation. He abounds ill KhetMikal Figures; and p.. urs himself l^irth with great impetuosity. He is copious to a fault; places tlie same thought before us in many dilferent views, hut generally wilb lite and ar- dour. He is bold, rather than correct ; atoireot that tlnws strong, but often madly. His sentences are varied as to length and short- ness; inclining, however, most to long periods, sometimes includ- iug parentheses, and frequently crowding and heaping a multitude of things upon one another, as naturally happens in the warmth of speaking. In the choice of his words, there is great felicity and precisiou. In exact construction of sentences, he is much inferior to Lord Shaftesbury, but greatly superior to bim in life and ease. Upon the whole, his merit as ;i \\ rit.T would have been very con- sideralile. if his matter had e lualtd lii-^ stvle. But whilst we find m.any things to commend in the biltn. in the firmer, as I before remarked, we can hardly find any thing tn comnirod. In bis rea- sonings, for the most part, he is flini-y .nid f;U-r; in tii-; pnlitical writings, factions: in what becalls bis pbilos'iplm al (.lies, iiieligions and SI lilii-tical ill tlie liigliest degree. ... It is indeed my opiniim that tlii'ii .111- tew writings in the Knglish langu.age, which, for the mattiT ciiiitained in tliein. can be re.ad with less profit or fruit, than Lord Boliiigbroke's works." — Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Bdlf.'i Leitrex; see Lectures 1'2, 15. 19, and 34. " He appears to have cjirried into his closet the same heAt and impetuosity which animated bis soul in the tumult of debate. . . . There is a fire, a spirit of vivacity in the composition of Boling- broke, which, when .aciumpanieil. as is occasionally the case, with perspicuity and ease, must give him rank as one of the happiest models of the v.-bement style." — Drake's K^saifs. iv. 2.14. " Visc'innt Knliiigbroke. with the most agreeable talents in the world, and with great parts, was neither happy nor successfub lie wrote a'-'ainst the late king, who had forsriven bim ; a'jainst pir Eobert Walpole, who did forgive him ; against the Pretender and 216 BOL the clergy who never forgave him. He is one of our best writers: though his attacks on all governments and all religions (neither ol'Whlch views he cared directly to own) have necessarily involved his style in a want of perspicuity, tine must know the man be- fore one can often guess his meaning. He has two other faults, which one should not expect in the same author; much tautology and great want of connexion."— IHi/iWe's ff. and A'. Anlhars. ■■He wrote against Sir Robert W'alpole because he did not forgive him ; and because he prevented his being restored to tliose honouir which he wished to recover. That Sir IJobert was implacable a"-aiiist bim. appears from a speech which he made iu the House, and wliicb be ..included with the fnllowing imprecation— ■ Slay his itliimlir n.-ver be reversed, and iiiiiv bis crimes never be forgot- ten" ■■—it,ml),lii Her., xxix. 3ri7 ; Purk's mdpnle's K. and N. AuUirm. ■■ Lord Bolingliroke had earlv made himself master ol men and books: but in his first career'of life, being immersed at once m business and pleasure, he ran through a variety of scenes in a sur- prising manner. When his passions subsided by years and disap- pointments, and when he improved bis rational faculties by more Jrave studies and reflection, he .shone out in his retirement with a lustre peculiar to himself, though not seen by vulgar eyes. Ihe gay statesman was changed into a philosopher ecjual to any of the saiies of antiquity. The wisdom of Socrates, the dignity and ease of Pliny, and the wit of Horace, app.ared in all his writings and convers!itions."—EAEL OF Orrery: Mamnrs nf llean Swift. ■■ The name of Bolingbroke has been rapturously lauded by Smol lett and Belsbam. while his infidel reveries have been ably refuted by Warburton and Leland. Lord Walpole. who knew him well, calls him a wicked impostor and a charlatan."— J^W. s y\aliMlt s K. and N. Authors. See Life by Goldsmith in edit. 1S09; Biog. Brit. ; Swift's Works ; Pope's Works, by Bowles ; Coxe's Walpole ; Ly- sons's Environs, vol. i. ; Chesterfield's Memoirs and Letters ; Warburton's Letters to Hurd ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Memoirs of Lord C., by G. W. Cooke, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. Warburton, who defendeil the memory of Pope against the attacks of Mallet, (Bolingbroke?) felt it incumbent upon him as a divine to take up the lance in championship of thoBC sacred truths which his lordship's Essays so ruth- lessly assailed. His View of Lord Boliugbroke's Philoso- phy, in two Letters to a Friend, 1754, '55, woidd h.ave been ill brooked by the noble author had it appeared in his lifetime. The many absurdities into which his lordship's eagerness to attack the truth caused him to fall, will be seen by reference to a book which should lie in every theo- logical" library— Leland's View of Deistical Writers. With talents so well qualified to benefit his race, it is a melan- choly reflection that the gifted Bolingbroke lived a worse than useless life, and that of him it could not be said, " There was hope in his latter end !" Bolingbroke, Henry. A 'Voyage to the Demerary, Lon., 1807, 4to. ■• The book of a very ingenious man."— ion. Quarter/!/ Hcnew. Bollan, William, d. nTfi, agent of Massachusetts in Greilt Britain, was born in England. He imb. a num- ber of political tracts, among which were. Importance of Capo Breton truly illustrated, Lou.. 1746. Coloniie Angli- canse lUustratiB, 1762. A Petition to the Houses of Parlia- ment, Ac., as agent for Massachusetts, 1774. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. Bolland, William, Barrister at Law. Miracles,1798, 4to. The Epiphany, 179',l, 4to. St. Paul at Athens,1799,4to. Bollard, Richard. Observations, &c. in Churchill's Voya'.;es. vol. iv.. p. S4ti, 171t). Bolnest,Edward,M.D. Profcss.works.Lon., 1665-72. Bolroii, R. Treatise against Papists, Lon.. 1680, fol. Boltou, Cornelius Winter, b. 1819 at Bath, Eug. Grandson of the distinguished divine, the Rev. Wm. Jay. Closet Companion, 1853. Shepherd's Call. Sunday-School Prayer Book. Tender Grass for Little Lambs, 1854. Ed. Jay's Female Scripture Characters. Jay's Autobiography and Reminiscences, 1854. Bolton, or Boulton, Edmund, an historical and antiquarian writer of the 17th century. Lite of Henry n.; The Elements of Armories, Lon., 1610, 4to. " Written in a very pedantic style ; but many curious examples are brought forward, and illustrated by wood-cuts spiritedly e.\e- cuted." Nero Caesar, or Monarchic Depraued, Lon., 1624, fol. Hypercritiea, or a Rule of Judgment for writing or read- ing our Histories, pub. by Dr. Hall at the end of Trivet's Annals, Oxon., 1722, Svo. ■■ A hi^hlv-esteemed and sensible treatise." '■ .\ considerable person, and a very learned man." — Dr. Anthony Ham.. Bolton, George. A work on Fire Arms. Bolton, George. Prac. of Crim. Courts. 1835. 12mo. Bolton, James. Filices Britannica?. Leeds & Hud., 1785-90, 4to. A Hist, of British proper Ferns. :.ffis/i(jiinr'inii>. "Ood has signally lilrss.'d it. Imth f.rr th- ^^nilianc.. of the in- quirini; sinner and for tlie comfort of the troubled mind."— iVor^/c frn Wirdrr. Bonar,James. Greek Prepositions. Ed.Phil.Trans., 1805. Bonar, John. Obs. on the Conduct and Character of Judas Iseariot, 1751, Svo, (anony.) ''This anonymous pamphb-t displays vi-ry considiTable acnte- ness. and is not unworthy to he placed by the side of T^ord Lyttle- ton on the Conversion of St. Paul, and Shaw on the Advice of Ga- maliel." — Orme. An Analysis of the Moral and Religious Sentiments of Lord Karnes and David Hume. 1755, Svo. " ^Ir. Bonar was a pious and superior man." Bonar,John. Ecclcs. Constit.in Scotland, 1779, 12mo. Bonar, or Bounar, John. Advantages of the In- sular sit. of G. IJritain ; a serm. on Neli. iii. S, 1773, 4to. Bond, A. Life of Pliny Fisk, 1S2S, 12mo. ''A very pmtitaMe missionjiry work." — Bickersteth, Bond, Daniel, vicar of Lye, Gloucestershire. Ser- mons, 1729, Svo. Bond, Eliz., of Fortrose. Letters of a Village Go- verness, 2 vols. Svo, 1814. Bond, George Phillips, A.M., son of Wm. Cranoh Bond, b. 1825, Dorchester, Mass., grad. Harvard Coll., 1845. Mathematical Memoirs upon Mechanical Quadra- tions ; on the Method of Least Squares; the Construction of the Rings of Saturn, — in which their fluid nature was first established ; articles upon the Nebula of Andromeda; Elements of the Orbits of Hyperion and the Satellite of Neptune, and of various Comets; on Stellar Phutography, Ac. He participated in the discovery of Hyperion, the new ring of Saturn, &c. He occupies a high position in America and Europe as an accurate and assiduous observer. Bond, Henry, a mathematician of London in the 17[h fiiitury. A Treatise on the Longitude, Lon., 1676, fol. Coil, cni tlic Magnetic Needle to Phil. Trans., 166S-73. Bond, Henry, Vicar of Cowley, Gloucestershire. Three Discourses, 1711, Svo. Two Sermons, 12mo. Bond, Henry, M.D., b. 1790, at Watertown. Mass.; grad. Dartmouth Coll., 181-1; settled in Phila., 1S19. Watcrlowu Family Memorials, with Hlustratious, Maps, and Notes, Bost., 2 vols. Svo, pp. 1100, 1856. Highlj commended by B. J. Lossing, S. G. Drake, N. Frothiug- ham. .tc. Dr. B. has also contrib. many valuable papers to the mod. journals. Bond, J., of Gray's Inn. A Complete Guide for Jus- tices of the Peace; 8d edit,, Lon., 1707, Svo. Bond, J. Wesley, b. at Harrisburg, Penna., 1824, Minnesota and its Resources, N.Y., 1S54, 12mo, '* It contains notices of the early history of the country, of its geographical features, its agricultural advantages, its manufactures, commerce, facilities for travelling, the character of its inhabitants, — evi-ry thing, indeed, to illustrate its resources and its prospects." Bond, John, 1550-1612, a native of Somersetshire, was educated at Winchester School and at New College, Oxford. In 1573 he took the degree of B.A.; in 1579, M.A. ; and soon afterwards was appointed master of the free-school of Taunton. Several of his scholars rose to distinction in Church and State. Annotationes in Poemata Quinti Horatii, Lon., 1606, Svo; Han., 1621, Svo ; Leyden, 1653, 8vo; best edit., Amst., 1686, 12mo. Many of the notes are extj-acted from Lambinus. After his death, his son-in-law, Roger Prowse, pub. a work of Bond's entitled Auli Persi Flacci Satyrte sex, cum Posthumis Commenta- riis Johannis Bond, 1614, Svo. Bond, John, LL.D., d. 1676. a native of Dorchester, and educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, was preacher to the Long Parliament, minister of the Savoy, master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Professor of Law at Gre- sham College. A Door of Hope, Lon., 1641, 4to. Holy and Loyal Activity, Lon., 1641. 4to. Sermon preached at Exeter, Lon., 1643, 4to, and some other discourses. Dr. Bund does not seem to have been much of a favourite with that stout Loyalist and strict Churchman, the never-to-be- forgotten old Anthony Wood. '■ This ,T. Bond, by the way, you must know being scarce warm in the pulpit, but he began to threaten heaven with some of his divinity. ... In all which sermons, as in others which he deli- vered in London and "Westnunster. are contained many strange positions, rebellious doctrines, relipious canlinps, and 1 linow not wh.at. . . . These fhinpcs I tbonirbt fit to let the reader know, that posterity may dislin[j:uish liftucrii (hrsaid two Bonds, [see I!oNl>, .TofiN, oj/^e,] the lirst :l ])o!itr and y:\vi' ci itic, whose labours have advanced the commonwealth of l./aniin;: very much, and the other an impudent, canting, and blasphemous person, who, by his doctrine, did lead people to rebellion, advanced the cause of Satan much, and in tine by his. and the endeavours of his bre- thren, brouiiht all things to ruin, merely to advance their unsa- tiable and ambitious desires. . . . His father. Dennis Bond, shewed himself a devotee to Oliver's interest. On the 30th of Aug,, 1658, beiuL' then Monday, and the windiest day that had before hap- pened for 20 years, he paid his last debt to nature, being then tormented with the strangury, and much anxiety of spirit. At ■which time, as the then vulgar talk was, the devil came to take away Oliv. Cromwell, who then lay on his death-bed, but being not prepared for him, he gave Bond for bis future appearance, and accordingly on Friday following, being the 3d of Sept., he made good his promise." — Athen. Oxcm. Anthony Wood's opinions of republicans and Dissenters are, however, to be taken cum grano salia. Bond, John* King Charles, his Welcome Home, Lon., 1641, 4to. A Whip for the Judges, Bishops, and Papists, &c.. Lon., 1G41. The Downfal of the old Com- mon Council-Men, Lon., 1641. The Poet's Recantation, Lon.. 1612, 4to. England's Reioycing for the Parlia- ment's Rctvrne, Lon., 1641, 4to. " I take this John Bond to be different from the other John, [see above,] who was a Presbyterian aud afterwards an Independent." — Athrii- Oxfm. Bond, John, M.D. Med. Works, Lon. and Edin., Bond, John. The Sennacherib of Modern Times, or Bonaparte nn Instrument in the hand of Providence, 1807, Svo. 2X1 BON Bond, R. Poems, Divine and Moral, Lon., 1 "The divino poein3 in this pamphlet are a paraphrase of the Te Dcum, of Agui's Poem, of the 10th Psjdm, and of the 100th I'salm; an Aildiess to tlie Almighty, 'llio Uappy Man, a Morning Thought, and a Soliloquy." — L'jit. Mmlh. Rev., 1769. Bond, llev. Robert. Gulden Maxims, N.Y., 32mo. Bond, Thomas, M.l>., 1712-1784, a native of Mary- land, commenced tbc practice of medicine in Philadelphia about 1734. He delivered the first Clinical Lectures in the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was a member of a lite- rary society composed of Franklin, Bartram, Godfrey, and others, and was an officer of the American Philo- sophical Society from its commencement. Ho contributed to the London Med. Obs. and Inquiries. 1. An Account of an Immense Worm bred in the Liver, p. 67, 1755. 2. On the Use of Peruvian Bark in Scrofulous Cases, ii. p. 65. Bond, Thomas E., M.D., Prof, of Special Patho- logy, Ac. Baltimore Coll. of Dental Surgery. Practical Treatise on Dental Medicine, Pbila., 1S51, 8vo. Bond, William, d. 1735, a native of Suffolk, was concerned with Aaron Hill in the authorship of The Plain- Dealer ; a periodical, collected into 2 vols. 8vo. He trans. Buchanan's History, and edited The Supernatural Phdo- sophy, or The Mysteries of Masie, [Defoe's Life of Dun- can Campbell, with a new title-page,] 2d edit., Lon., 1728, 8vo. He also revised, altered, and produced The Tuscan Treaty, or Tarquin's Overthrow; a Play, 1733, 8vo. Bond, William. Visitation Sermon, ISOl, 4to. Bond, William Cranch, M.A., an eminent Ame- rican astronomer, b. 17.sa, Portland, Maine, Director of Astronomical Observatory of Harvard Coll. At an early age he learned the business of watchmaking. His atten- tion was first attracted to astronomy by an eclipse which occurred in 1806. He was one of the earliest American discoverers of the comet of 1811. In 1838, he was app. by the U.S. Navy Dept. to prosecute a series of observations la connexion with the U.S. E.\ploring E.'cp. in command of Capt. Wilkes; app. Astron. Observer to Univ. in 1840. Annals of Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College : vol. i., Pt. 1, Cambridge, 1856, 4to, pp. 191 ; vol. i., Pt. 2, 1855, 4to, pp. 404. This part contains bis own catalogue, 5500 stars situated between the Equator and 0° 20' North Declination. Celestial photography was by him first recognised as a possible art and conducted through its earliest stages. The connection of the siilereal clock with the galvanic circuit was first used by Mr. B. in re- cording astronomical observations. He is a member of the leading scientific societies of Europe and America. Bonde, Cunelgus. Scutum Regale, Lon., 1660. Bonde, William. De Julii Clovii clari admodum Pictoris Operibus, (Londiui,) 1733, fol. A work of great rarity. Bone, John. Poor's Rates, Lon., 1805, 8vo. Tran- quillity, Ac., 1801), 8vo. Wauts of the People, 1807, Svo. Boiie, S. V. Precedents in Conveyancing, adapted to the Present State of the Law ; illustrated with Notes by T. 0. Western, 1841, 4 vols. Svo. " Mr. Bone's work possesses three very commendable features,— Bimplicitv of design, adherence thereto, ami scrupulous honesty in ackuo'wlL'dgmeut of authorities." See Marvin's Legal Bibl . Bones, James. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1762. Bonham, Thomas. The Chirurgeon's Closet Fur- nished with Remedies, Lon., 1030, 4to. Bonhome, Richard. Sermon, Ac, 1675-79. Bonhote, Eliz. Novels, .tc, Lon., 1788-99. Bonhllte, P. L. D. Logarithm Tables, Lon., 1805, Svo. Boniface, Saint, the apostle of Germany, b. about 68C, d. 755, was a native of Crediton, Devonshire, and originally named Winfrid. He laboured with great zeal in Germany and Franco, and was raised to the archiepis- copal dignity — the see of Mentz being made metropiditan for him— in'738. Opera a Nicolao Serrario Mogunt, 1605, 4to. Epistolie Mogunt, 1629, 4to. Passio, Gr. Lat., Lut. Par., 1680, Svo. His Letters are the most important of his literary remains. Bonnar, John. See Bonar. Bonuel, or Bonnell, James, 1653-1699, a son of Samuel Bonnell, an English merchant, b. at Genoa, where his father resided for some time. James was educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge. He became very eminent for learning and piety. He wrote some Meditations and Prayers, inserted in his Life, and he jiub. a Harmony of the Gospels written by another hand, '■ improved by T. B. for his own use," Lon., 1705, Svo. Sec bis Life and Cha- racter by W. Hamilton, Archdn. of Armagh, with Funeral Sermonby the Bp. of KiUmore and Ardagh, Lou., 1703, Svo; 5lh edit., Lon., 1807. " Such a character may perhaps he overlooked by some, be- 218 BON 4to I cause there is nothing remarkably striking in it. But the mim ' who is uniformly good, and that to such a degree as JU. Bonnell was, ought to stand high in our opinion, and to be esteemed— what he certainly was- a great man.'' — Granger. Bonnell, George. Wool Manufacture, 1759, 4to. Bonner, or Boner, Edmund, d. 1509, consecrated Bishop of London, April 4, 1540, was the son of a "poor honest man" of Hanley, Worcestershire. He was educated at Broadgate's Hall, (afterwards Pembroke College,) Oxford, and took his doctor's degree in 1525. His subsequent his- tory is well known. Articles (37) to be inquired of in tho General Visitation of Edmund, Bishop of London, 1554, Ac. Reprinted in Burnet's History of the Reformation. "To ridicule them, John Bale, Bishop of Ossory, wrote a book entitled A Declaration of Edmund Bonner's Articles concernmg the Clergy of London Diocese, whereby that execrable antichrist; is in his right colours revealed, 1554, Svo." A Profitable and Necessajy Doctrme, Ac, Lon., 1554- 55, 4to. , ,, , . V "This Catechism is said to have been composed by his chap- lains, r.loloi Ibir|ii»field and Uenry Pendleton,] and to be taken out of the JiLilitahoii ,,/ a Christian Man, set out by K. lien. 8, only varied in some puints." For a list of Bonner's treatises, Ac, see Watt's Bibl. Brit. Works, printed by J. Cawood, Lon., 4to, sine oimo. In 1842 appeared Life and Defence of the Conduct and Principles of the Venerable and Calumniated Bishop Bon- ner, Ac, by a Tractarian British Critic, (Prebendary Tremyard,) Lon., Svo. " This ironical life and defence of Bishop Bonner is an exposure of the Komish tendency of the Oxford Tracts, and is written throughout with ability and learning. There is no doubt that tho author has damaged the party he has attacked."— ion. Allien. Bonner, J. Copperplate Perspective Itinerary, Pts. 1 and 2, 1799. Bonner, James. Med. treatises, Ac, Lon., 1795-1818. Bonner, John, b. 1828, at Quebec, resides in N.Y. City. Child's Hist, of the United States, N.Y., 2 vols. 16nio. "This American history is freely written, and contains a fair account of the settlement in America of the early Puritans, of their trials and misfortunes, and of their after prosperity and liberty."— Lon. Athen. Child's History of Rome; do. Greece, Ac. Registry Laws of Canada. The Old Regime and the Revolution ; from the French of De TocqueviUe. Mr. B. intends com- pleting his series of Child's Histories. Is the editor of Har- per's Weekly, and one of the editors of N.Y. Herald, (1S5S.) Bonner, Richard. Treatise on the Eucharist, Lon., 1548, Svo. Bonnet, John, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1724. Bonney, Thomas. Sermon, Lon.. 1763, 4to. Bonnor, C. Institution for the Blind, 1810. Bounor, Charles. Pamphlets relative to Mr. Pal- mer, 1797-1800. Trans, of The Manager and Actor, 1784. The Picture of Paris, 1790. Bonnor, T. Views of Gloucester Cathedral, 1796- 1815, Svo. Views of Goodrich Castle, 1798-1815, Svo. Bonny, Henry Kaye, D.D. Life of Jeremy Taylor, D.D., 1818, Svo. Mem. of T. F. Middleton, Ac, Oundle, 1821, Svo. Blessings of Peace secured by Piety, Ac. Bonnycastle, Charles, d. 1840, son of tho follow- ing. Treatise on Inductive Geometry. Several memoirs on scientific subjects. Bonnycastle, John, d. 1821, an eminent mathe- matical writer, pub. a number of works, Lon., 1780-1813. An Introduction to Mensuration, Ac, 1782 ; to Algebra, 1783 ; to Astronomy, 1786. Elements of Geometry, 1789. Treatise on Trigonometry, 1806; on Arithmetic, 1810; on Algebra, 1813, 2 vols. Trans. Bossut's Hist. Mathematics. Bonnycastle, R.H. Spanish America.lSlS, 2 vols.Svo. Bonnycastle, Lient.-Col. Sir Richard. The Canadas in 1841, 2 vols. Svo. Canada and the Canadians in 1846, 2 vols. Svo. . "There is excellent advice, as well as information of a practical kind, which ought to be treasured up by the intending emigrant." — L'inil'iii M>rniii(/ Chronicle. NeKl"Uiidliiiid in 1842, 2 vols. Svo. "Published under tho sanction of the British Government, and comprises a full account of this most important colony."— ion. Athen. Bonoeil, John. Silk-Worms inVirginia, Lon., 1622,4to. Bonomi, J. Nineveh and its Palaces : the Discoveries of Botta and Layard applied to the Elucidation of Holy Writ ; with nearly 250 woodcuts, Lon., 1S52, Svo. This valuable volume contains contributions from Dr. Lepsius, Dr. Grotefend, Mr. S. Sharpe, Ac. Bonwell, James. Sermons on the Catholic Church, Lon., 1843. Svo. . . Bonwicke, Ambrose, b. 1652, a Non-juring divmo, a schoolmaster, and a man of most exemplary piety, wrote a life of his son of both his names; Pattern for Young BOO Stuflonts in the University, and which was not puh. until 1729, Lon. 8vo. Bowyer pub. this volume, and added a preface to it. Booker,DanieI. Beauties of theMass,Lon.,1746,8vo. Booker, John, 1601-1667, an astrologer and fortune- teller, pub. A Cable Rope, 1664, 4to. Tractatus Paschalis, 1664, 8vo. The Dutch Fortune-Teller brought into Eng- land, 1667, fol.; The Bloody Irish Almanac, 1646, 4to j The Bloody Almanac, 1643, 4to. Booker seems to have had a most sanguinary taste in titles. " lie had a curious fancy in jud^^iuK of thefts, and was as suc- cessful in resolving love questions." — Lilly, the Astrologer. Booker, Luke, 1762-1836, Rector of Tedstone-de-la- Mere, 1806, and of Dudley, 1812, pub. a number of theo- log. and other works. Lectures on the Lord's Prayer. "This volume contains a series of highly instructive discourses on the several petitions contained in the Lord's I'rayer." — Londmi MonOdy Critical Gazette. Sermons on various Subjects, intended to promote Chris- tian Knowledge and Human Happiness, Dudley, 1793, Svo. Historical Account of Dudley Castle, Svo. Booker, More. Serm. at the Funeral of the Countess of Drogbcda, 1756, 8vo. Bookey, Sacheverell. Sermon. 1739. 4to. Boole, George. Investigation of the Laws of Thought. Lon., Svo, Mathematical Analysis of Logic, 1S47, 8vn. Booue, T. C. Book of Churches and Sects, Lon., 1826, Svo. Marriage Looking-Glass, 1848, Svo. " An exceedingly internsting work, including snnie valuable Opinions of esteemed writers relative to Married Life, &c." Outlines of Man's True Interest, 1844, 12mo. Sketches from Life in verse, 12mo. Boone, Daniel, b. about 1730, d. 1820, one of the earliest settlers of Kentucky, celebrated for his adventures, drew up an account of his life, which was pub. in Filson's Supplement to Imlay's Description of the Western Terri- tory, 1793. Boorde, Andrew. See Borde. Boorman, N. Trans, of Hesse's Government of all Estates ; sine anno, 16mo. Boote, Richard, d. 1782. Legal Treatises, 1766-91. Booth, A. Examen Legum Anglias, or the Laws of England examined by Scripture, Antiquity, and Reason, 1656, 4to. Booth, Abraham, 1734-1806, pastor of a congrega- tion of Particular Baptists in London, from 1769 until his death. Paedo-Baptism Examined, 1784, 2 vols. 12mo; an edit, with additions, 1829, 4 vols. Svo. "An elaborate work, published under the superintendence nf the committee of the Baptist Fund; and considered by the au- thor's sect as unanswerable." — Lowndes. Reign of Grace, 1768. Svo. " A masterly performance." — Dr. E, Williams. " Highly evangelical, but some of his expressions want modify- ing." — BiCKERSTF.TII. Ryland commends Booth for clearness of thought, nerv- ous reasoning, accurate method, and vigour of style. Booth, Barton, 1681-1733, an eminent English ac- tor, was author of those charming stanzas, " Sweet are the charms of her I love." He left a dramatic piece entitled, The Death of Dido, 1716, Svo. The Memoirs of Booth were pub. Lon., 1733, Svo; also by Theop. Gibber, and by Mr. Victor. Booth, Benjamin. System of Book-Keeping. Booth, David, 1766-1846, a self-educated English ■writer. Prospectus of an Analytical Dictionary of the English Language, 1805 ; Introduction to do., Edin., 1806, Sto; newed., Lon., 1836, 4to. He devoted the last fifty years of his life to the preparation of this curious work, hut one vol. of which was pub. Art of Wine-Making. Art of Brewing. Explanation of Scientific Terras. These three works were pub. by the Soe. for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Strictures on Malthus on Population. Essay on Jury-Laws. Eura and Zedepyra, a Tale: with Poetical Pieces, 1816, Svo. Booth, George. The Historical Library of Diodo- rus Siculus, trans, into English, Lon., 1700, fol. " This translation, which is now very scarce, is in high reputa- tion for its greneral correctness." — Clarke. " We are indebted to him for the preservation of a multitude of particulars, which but for him we never should have known." — AXTHON. The Nature and Practice of Real Action, &c., Lon., 1701, fol, ; with the Notes of Serjeant Hill, Lon., 1811, r. Svo. '' Booth on Real Action is an iniperf-ct and unsatisfactory book, hut for want of a better treatise upou the subject, ■ is even cited as an authoritative compilation.' The editor of the American edition, John Anthon, translated the ancient records from the Latin, and added a few references to American and English editions, Svo, New York, ISOS."— Marvin's Legal Bill. BOR Booth, George. Essays on Political Economy, Ac, Lon., 1S14-1S. Booth, George, Earl of Warrington. Con- siderations upon the Institution of Marriage, Lon., 1739 : anon. A Letter on some ReHections in Burnet's History of his Own Times. Booth, Henry, Earl of Warrington, 1651-1693, father of the preceding. Cawe of the late Lord Ku.'^sen, with Observations upon it, 1689, fol. Tryal for High Treason, 1686, fol. Works, consisting of Parliamentary Speeches, Family Prayers, and Political Tracts, 1691, Svo. •■ A man of strict piety, of great worth, honour, and hiinianitv." Booth, II. Miscellaneous Pieces of Verse, 1805, Svo. Booth, James C.,b. 1810, Prof, of Applied Chemistry in the Franklin Institute: Melter and Refiner in the U.S. Mint. Phila. The Encyelop;edia of Chemistry, Practical and Theoretical ; embracing its Application to the Arts, Metallurgy, Geology, Medicine, and Pharmacy. Phila., 1850, Svo. In this work Mr. Booth was assisted by Campbdl Mortit; in conjunction with whom he also wrote A Report to the Smithsonian Institute on Recent Improvements in the Chemical Arts, Wash., 1S51. 4to. Ed. T. R. Eetton's trans, of Regnaulfs Chemistry, Phila., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. Booth, John. Lett, to Ames, on some Ancient Nu- merals. Archaiol., vol. i. 1770. Booth, John. Principal Greek Primitives, Huddersf., 1801, 4to; 1S17, 8vo. The Kingdom of Christ. Booth, Joseph. Polygraphic Art. Lon., 1788, Svo. Booth, Peniston, D.D. Ser. on Baptism, 1718, 8vo. Booth, Robert. Encomium Heroum., Lon., 1620, 4to. Boothby, B. Synopsis of the Law relating to In- dictable Otlences, Lon., 1842, 12mo. "The author has made frequent reference to precedents of in- dictments, and to all of the late works upon criminal law. The work i.s condt-nsi'd and accurate, and useful for the purpose of ready reli-rence. Boothby, Sir Brooke. Political, poetical, and other works, Lou., 1791-1S09. Tears of Penelope, 1795, foL Sorrows sacred to the Memory of Penelope, 1796, fol. Fa- bles and Satires. Edin., 2 vols. 8vo. 1709. Boothby, F. Marcelia,aTragi-comedy, Lon., 1670,4to. Boothby, Richard. Description of Madagascar, Lon., 1646, 4to. In Osborne's Voyages, 1745. A True Declaration of wrongs done him by two servants of the E. India Company, Lon., 1644, 4to. Boothe, N. The Rights of Windsor Forest Asserted, Lon., 1719, Svo. Boothhousc, Samuel. Dey of Tunis, &c., Lon., 1853, 4to. Boothroyd, Benjamin, D.D., 1768-1836, a Dissent- ing miuister, bookseller, and printer, is well known for his edition of the Hebrew Bible, and his Family Bible in Eng- lish. The Biblia Hebraica, pub. originally in parts, 1810, Ac, afterwards at Pontcfract and Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 4to, is without points, and after the text of Kennicott. 'I It is peculiarly interesting to the Hebrew scholar and critic, as it contains in a condensed form the substance of the most valu- able and expensive works." — Home's Intmduc. " Probably the most useful Hebrew Bible that has been pub- lished for common use." — Orme. "A Hebrew Bible with various readings, and synopsis of Bibli- cal Critics, is a dtsidi ratuni that we hope every miuister and stu- dent whose financfs.dlnw- will eagerly embrace." — Evangelical Mag. "A valuable collection of criticisms from various sources." — BiCKERSTETH. In 1818 he pub., Pontefract and London, 3 vols. 4to, A New Family Bible, and Improved Version, from corrected. Texts of the Originals, with Notes and Reflections. '■A valuable help to the critical understanding of the Holy Scriptures." — Hm-ue's Introduc. "He has very happily blended critical disquisition with practi- cal instruction, and an invariable regard to the spirit and desipu of revelation. ... It deserves the encouragement of all the friends of religion." — Orme. A new edition carefully corrected and greatly improved, but without the "practical reflections," was pub. in 1835 in one large 8vo vol. " I do not think we have any similar work in our lanj^uage ap- pioar-hinK it in all the qualities of usefulness." — J, I'yePmith,D.D. '■ The result of a most successful application of the same great learning; and p;reat labour which had been previously evinced in his critical edition of the Hebrew Bible." — Ralph Wariilaw. D.D. " I seldom consult his translation without advantage." — Ingram COBBIN. " I have always regarded it as a book of great value." — Robert Vacghan. " The sentiments of the author are evangelical and devotional" — BlCKFRSTETn. In 1807, Pontefract, Svo, Dr. B. pub. The History of the ancient Borough of Pontefract, in two parts. This is a rare work. Boraston, George* Sermon, 1684, 4to. 219 BOR Boraston, William. A Treatise on the Pestilence, Lou., 16;i0, 8vo. Borde, or Boorde, Andrew, M.D., in Latin An- dreas Perforatus, b. about 1600, d. 1549, was a native of Susses, and educated at Oxford. Although a man of learning, he occasionally enacted the part of an itinerant doctor, and the tale of Merry Andrew is said to be derived from him. Hearne tells us that he "Frequented markets and fairs where a conflux of people used to get together, to whom he prescribed, and to induce them to (lock Ihither the more readily, he would make humorous speeches." His excuse for this Opprobrium Mcdicomm must be the " rambling head and inconstant mind" which Wood asserts that he possessed. He pub. several works: Pryncyples of Astronomye, Lon., 1510, 8vo; reprint. 100 copies, 4 on vellum, Lon., 1814, 8vo. The first Boke of the Introduc- tion of Knowledge, the which doth teach a man to speake part of al manor of languages, and to knowe the usage and fashion of al manor of countryes, &c., Lon., 1542, 4to; new edit, by Copland, sine anno. " Probably the most curious and generally interesting volimie ever put forth from the press of the Coplands."— DiumN. The work is partly in verse, partly in prose, with wooden cuts prefixed to each of the .S9 chapters. " The first is a satire, as it appears, on the tickle nature of an Englishman : the symbolical print prefixed to this cliapter exhibit- ing a naked man, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a roll of cloth in the other, not determined what sort of a coat he shall order to be made, has more humour than any of the verses which foUow.' The two first of the verses arc these : "I am an Englisman. and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind, what rayment I shall wear." "Xnr is the poetrv destitute of humour only: hut of every em- bellisliTLiiiit. bulh lit iiielii.;d arrangement and expression. Borde tias all the tmliim'ss nf itllusiiui. and tjarbarity of versification, be- longing to 8kelton, without his strokes of satire and severity." — Warton's Eng. lAtetry. The Breviarie of Healthe for all manner of Sicknesses and Diseases, Ac, Lon., 1547, 4to. This was approved by the University of Oxford. " I am confident this book was the first written of that faculty in English, and dedicated to the college of physicians iu London. Take a tast« out of the beginning of his dedicatory epistle : '■'Egregious doctors and masters of the eximious and arcane science of physic, of your urbanity exasperate not yourselves against me for making this little volume of physic' "" Indeed his book contains plain matter under hard words; and was accounted such a jewel in that age ( things wliilst the first, are esteemed the best, in all kinds) that it was printod cum privilegio ad imprime dum solum." — Fiitlpr's Wfirthirs. Fuller is much mistaken in giving this work the priority ho assigns to it. Compondycmse Regimento, or Dietary of Iloalthe made in Mouute Pyllor, 1562, 12mo; 1567, 8vo; 1576, 8vo. "Of Horde's numerous books, the only one that can afford any degree of entertainment to the modern reader is the Dietarie of Heithe where, giving directions as a physician, concerning the choice of houses, diet, and apparel, and not suspecting how little he should instruct, and how much he might amuse a curious pos- terity, he has preserved many anecdotes of the private life, customs, and "arts of our ancestors." — W"rton*s Eng. FiieAry. Merie Tales of the Mad Men of Gotham, Lon., 8vo, eine anno, sed circa 1565 ? '■ It was accounted a book full of wit and mirth by scholars and gentlemen. Afterwards being often printed, is now sold only on the stalls of ballad-singers." — Athm, Oxon. " Ilearne was of oiiinion that these idle pranks of the men of Gotham.atown in T^incolnshire.boreareferencetosome customary law-tenures belnn.:inc tn that place or its neighborhood, now grown obsolete; and that r.lnunt might have enriched his book on An- cient Tenures with these ludicrous stories." A ryght pleasant and merry History of the Myller of Abing'ton, [a village near Cambridge,] with his wife and his faire daughter, and of two poor scholars of Cambridge. " A meiiger eiiitmne of Chaucer's Miller's T.ale." Borde was author of several other works. Consult Wood's Athen. Oxon., Bliss's edit.; Warton's Eng. Poetry; Dib- din's Ames ; Brit, Bibliog. ; Ritsou's Bibl. Poet, ; Dodd's Ch. Hist., vol. i. ; Cooper's Muses' Library; Phillips's Thea- trum Poet. Angl. ; Hearnc's Pref. to Benedictus Abbas Petrobnrg. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet, " Dr. Borde was an ingenunrs m.an. and knew how to humour and please his patients, readers, and auditors. In his travels and visits, he often appeared and spoke in public; and would often freiiuent markets and fairs where a conflux of people used to get together, to whom he prescribed: and to induce them to flock thUher the more readily, he would make humorous speeches, couched in such langn.age as caused mirth, and wonderfully pro- pagated his tame." — flearnr's Benedictus Ahh., tom. 1. " Our author Borde was esteemed a rioted poet, a witty and in- genious person, and an excellent physician of his time." — Athcn. Oxon. Wood also refers to the tradition of Borde's having been physician to Henry VIII. ; but for this opinion Warton could find only '' very slender proof." " A mad physician and a dull poet. . . . Borde's name would not 220 BOR h.ave been now remembered, had he wrote only profound systems in liic-d'cine and astronomy. Heisknown to posterity as a buffoon, not as a philosopher."— Bn.'^iisA Poc/ry. Borde published the jests of John Scogan, the favourite bufi'oon of the court of Edward the Fourth : " They are without humour or invention ; and give us no very favourable idea of the delicacy of the king and courtiers, who could be exhilarated by the meiTiments of such a writer."— W.1RT0S. Borden, Simeon. On Railroads, Boston, 1854, 8vo. Border, Dan, The English Chemical Physician and Chirurgeric, Ac, Lon., 1651, fol. The whole Art and Sur- vey of^Physick and Chirurgerie, Lon., 1651, 4to. Two editions same year. Bordley, John Beale, d. at Philadelphia, 1804, a-'ed 76. Forsyth's Treatise on Fruit Trees. Sketches on Rotation of Crops, 1792. Essays and Notes on Hus- bandry, &c., 1799, 1801, Phil., 8vo. View of the Courses of Crops in England and Maryland, 1804. " He was greatly instrumental in diffusing the best knowledge of the best of all krts." Boreman, Bichard, D.D. Sermons, Lon., Ibb^ Boreman, or Bourman, Robert, D.D.. d. 1675. The Churclnnan's Catechism. Lon.. 1651, 4to. The Tri- umphs of Learning over Ignorance, and of Truth over Falsehood, Lon., 1653. 4to. Mirror of Mercy and Judg- ment. Life and Death of Freeman Sonds, Lon., 1655, 4to. Panegyric and Sermon on Dean Comber, Lon., 1654, 4to. Boreman, Tliomas. Descrip. of 300 Animals, Lon., 1730, 8vo. Borfet, Abiel. Postliminia Carolii XL, Ac, Lon., 1660, 4to. Sermon on Ps. xx. 5, 1696, 4lo. Borget, Augusts. Sketches of China and the Chi- nese, imp. fol. £4 4s. " Affords a far more complete idea of the country and its rana- bitanls than we h.ave ever seen or met with in all the books we have been ItKiking at or read before."— ion*m Literary Gaulte. Borget, Samuel. The Devil's Legend, Lon., 1595, 4to. Borringdon, Lord. Speech in H. of Lords on the Petition of the R. Catholics of Irchmd, 1810, 8vo. Ac- count of Lord B.'s Accident and De:ith, Lon., 1810, 4to. Privately printed. Borlace, Edmond, M.D., d. 1682, son of Sir John Borlace. one of the Lords Justices of Ireland, practised physic witli great reputation and success at Chester, Eng- land. Latham Spaw in Lancashire, Lon., 1670, 8vo. The Reduction of Ireland to the Crown of England, Ac. '■ A short but instructive work."— Bp. Nicolson. A Brief Account of the Rebellion in 1641, Lon., 1675, 8vo. Tho History of the execrable Irish Rebellion, Ac., Lon., 1680, fol. Wood asserts that much of this book is borrowed without acknowledgincnt : see Athen. Oxon. It contains letters from Cromwell, Ireton, Preston, Ac. Brief Reflections on the Earl of Castlehaven's Memoirs, Ac, Lon., 1682, 8vo. Borlase, Henry, d. 1834. Papers connected with the present state of the country, Lon., 1836, 12nio. Borlase, William, 1696-1772, a native of Cornwall, was educated at Exeter College, Oxford. He was insti- tuted in 1722 to the rectory of Ludgvan, and in 1732 to the vicarage of St. Just. Antiquities, Historical and Mo- numental, of the County of Cornwall, Oxf., 1754, foL; 2d edit, with additions, Lon., 1769. fol. This work is the result of much research and accurate observation. Observations on the Ancient and Present State of the Islands of Scilly, and their importance to the trade of Great Britain, 0"xf., 1756, 4to. "This is one of the most pleasing and elegant pieces of local en- quiry that our country has produced.'' — Dr. Jnhnson^in th£ Literary jHessev{jer. The Natural History of Cornwall, Oxf., 1758, fol. Many years had been employed in collecting materials for this valuable work. Dr. B. contributed many papers to Phil. Trans.; vide 1749, '6.3, '55, '57, '58, '50, '62, '63, '69. He was in correspondence with many of the eminent literary men of his day. " He furnished Mr. Pope with the greatest part of the mate- rials for forming his grotto at Twickenham. con.sisting of such cu- rious fossils as the county of Cornw.all abounds with; and there may, at present, be seen Dr. Borlase's name in capitals, composed of crystals, in the grotto. On this o<:casiou a very handsome let- ter was written to'the Doctor by Mr. Pope, in which he says, 'I am much obliged to ynu for your valuable collection of Cornish diamonds. I have placed them where they may best represent yourself, in "a sliaile. but shining;'" alluding to the obscurity of br.Borlase'ssituiiliiiii. and the brilliancy of his talents. . . . There is still existing a large collection of letters written by that cele- brated poet to our Author." — Biog. Brit. See Dr. B.'s Memoirs, drawn up by himself at the request of a friend, in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, voL v. 291, Ac. Borne, William. A Regiment for the Sea, Lon., 1620, 4to. BOR Borough, Sir John. See BcnnorGHS. Borough, William. A New Attractive ; a short dis- course of the Loadstone, Lon., 1585, 4to. Variation of the Compass, Lon., 15S5, 4to. Borrer, Dawson. Journey from Naples to Jerusa- lem, Lon., p. Svo. Campaign against the Kabailes of Al- geria, 8vo. '" Mr. Borrer is an observant and painstaking traTeller. . . . The season has not produced a more amusing book." — I/mdon Cntic. " One of the most interesting narratives we have had fur many a day." — Loudon Examine): Borrow, George, a native of Norfolk, England, has pub. some of the most popular books of the age. The Zincali; or, An Account of the Gipsies of Spain, Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo, 184L " A genuine book : not one of those starved pieces of modem manufacture. . . . There is no taking leave of a book like this. Better Christmas fare we never had it in our power to offer our readt.'-s." — London Athenaum. V These curious and most attractive pages." — L(mdon Literary Gdzette. See Edinburgh Keview, Ixxiv. 45. The Bible in Spain, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo., 1843. '' AVe are frequently reminded of GilJJlasin the narratives of this pious, single- he-ar ted man. As a book of adventures, it seems to us about the most extraordinary which has appeared in our own or any other language for a long time past." — Lonxlon Quarterly Keview. See Ediu. Review, Ixxvii. 105. Sir Robert F^l in the Home of Commons, AprU 11, 1843 : " Difficulties ! ! were they to be deterred from proceeding on that account? Let them look at Mr. Borrow; why if he had suffered himself to be prevented from circulating the Bible in Spain by the difficulties he met with, he could never have spread such enlight- enment and information through that country." Lavengro : the Scholar, the Gipsy, and the Priest, Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo. '• A book which has a panoramic unity of its own. and of which scarcely a page is without its proper interest." — Tail's Magazine. Autobiography, Lon., 1 vol. 12mo, 1851. "A work of intense interest, including extraordinary adven- tures in various parts of the world." BorthAvick, George, M.D. Crystalline Lens. Edin., 1775. Svo. Con. to Med. Com., 1772, &c. Annals of Med., 1796. &c. Borthwick, John. Observations, &e. on Libel, Lon., 1830, Svo. " A learned and excellent work." Other legal treatises. Borthwick, William. Feudal Dignities of Scot- land, Edin., 1775, Svo. Remarks on British Antiquities, Edin., 1776, Svo. " These northern memoirs will be thont^ht curious and valuable by the anti(iuary." — MimUdy ffevieiv, 177(i. Bosanquet, Chas. Commercial treatises, Lon.. 1807. Bosanquet, Edwin. Paraphrase of Paul's Epistle to the Romans, Lon., lS-40. Svo. Bosanquet, J. B., and C. Puller. Legal Reports, Lon., lSOO-07; and Lon., 1S26, 5 vols. roy. Svo. The last English edition comprises all their reports. They were continued by Taunton. Brndorip, and Bingham. Bosanquet, James W. Chronology of Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah considered, &c., Part 1, Lon., 18^8, Svo. Bosanquet, R. W. Remarks on Baptism and Re- generation, Lon., Svo. Pusey on the Eucharist. Bosanquet, S.R. Works on Theology. Law, Poli- tical Economy, and Logic. The Rights of the Poor, and Christian Almsgiving Vindicated. " A book containing more valuable information relative to the statistics of economy of the poor than all the pirliamentarv re- ports ever published. The book should be read by all who "take the slightest interest in the subject." — Britannia. Bosanquet, W, H. Let. to J. Wigram, Lon. 1836, Svo. Bosboon. Plain Description of the Five Orders of Architecture, with cuts, 1676, fol. ; 1679. fol. Boscawen, William, 1752-1811, a barrister, was educated at Eton, and Exeter College, Oxford. Treatise of Convictions on Penal Statutes. Lon., 1792, Svo. Tran.s. of Horace into English verse, 1793-98, 2 vols. Svo. The Progress of Satire, &c., containing Remarks on the Pur- suits of Literature. 1798; a Supplement to ditto, 1799. Original Poems, ISOl. 12mo. Mr. Mathias was not backward in returning Boscawen's compliments : '' I never shared the profits of the gown. Nor yet, with Horace and myself at war, For rhyme and victuals left the starving bar. *' This was lately done by 'William Boscawen, Esquire, an Eto- nian, Srst a Barrister at Law, now a Commissioner of the Victual- ling Office, and (by an easy transition) Translator of Horace. Negatas artifex sequi voces. (Pers. Prol.) In this revision of my work, I have no more space to allot to Mr. Boscawen. or to his rhymes. It is the fete of some men to describe the history of an art without making any progress in it themselves; to write verses without inspiration, and satirical poems without satire. But what said Boileau? BOS ' Attaqner C/mpelainV &c. ' Nothing, indeed, is less acceptable than plain truth to irritable and implacable rhymers: but 1 must say that the unresisting im- becility of Mr. Boscawen's translation disarms all criticism." — Pursuits of Literature, 16th edit. See Mathias, T.J. Bosquett, Abraham. The Young Man of Honour's Vade-Mecum ; being a Salutary Treatise on Duelling, ic, 1S17. 12mo. This is a palpable misnomer; for no man foolish and guilty enough to defy God by fighting a duel, can possibly be a "Man of Honour." The man who re- fuses so to disgrace himself is truly the "Man of Honour." Mr. B. pub. some Essays on Marine subjects, 1818, Svo. Bossewell, John* See Boswell. Bostock, John, M.D., 1773-1845. b. Liverpool. This distinguished physician pub. a number of professional works. We notice a few: Elementary System of Physi- ology, Svo. Essay on Respiration, Svo. History and Pre- sent State of Galvanism, Svo. Sketch of the History of Medicine, Svo. A list of some of his valuable contribu- tions to Med. and Phys. Jour., Memoirs Med., Nic. Jour., and Ann. Phil., will be found in Watt's Bib. Brit. Bostock,Peter. Sub. of some serraons,Lon.,1630,8vo. Boston, John, a monk of St. Edmundsbury, who is supposed to have died 1410, was one of the first collectors of the lives of English waiters, and the precursor of Le- land. Bale, and Pits. Speculum Cocnobitarum; editio per Ant. Hallium, in Trivet Annal.,Oxon., 1722, Svo. ■'He searched indefatigably all the libraries of the kingdom, and wrote a catalogue of the authors, with .short opinions of them." " After the ancient discoveries of Boston and Leland, there hath been nothing attempted but some rude and disproportiumible draughts of mean and ignorant designers." — Aihen. Oxon. Boston, Robert, Sermons and Discourses, Edin., 1753, Svo. Boston, Thomas. Serm. on 1 Thess. v, 20, 21, 1694, Svo. Boston, Thomas, 1676-1732, was a native of Dunse, Scotland, and educated at the University of Edinburgh. He was licensed to preach in the Church of Scotland in If)99, accepted the parish of Simprin in the same year, and in 1707 exchanged it for that of Ettrick. Human Nature in its Fourfold State, 1720 j many edi- tions. *' One of our best books for common readers. The sentences are short, and the comparisons striking : the language is easy, and the doctrine evangelical : the method proper, the plan comprehensive, the manner searching, yet consolatory. If another celebrated treatise is styled ' The Whole Duty of Man.' I would call this 'The Whole of Man;' as it comprises what he was originally : what he is, by transgression: what he should he, through grace; and what he iviU be, in glory:'— Hervey's Dialogues. " One of the best systems of practical divinity ever written." — Erasmus Middleton. " Practical as well as evangelical." — Bickersteth. " One of the few felicitous productions, which, by its own in- trinsic claims to excellence, has wrought its way to singular pre- eminence in the esteem of the wise and good." — Lowndes. Tractatus Stigmologicus Hebra?o-Biblicus, &e., Amst, 1738, 4to. This Mr. B. first wrote in English, and then trans, it into Latin. It refers to the accentuation of the Hebrew Scriptures, in which matter he thought that he had made an important discovery. "■After all. his scheme of literal interpretation, and his doctrine of the divine origin of the points, have contributed little to the better understanding of the Bible." — Orme. Hlustratious of the Doctrines of the Christian Religion, Edin., 1773, 3 vols. Svo. '■ The method and style conduct the imagination to the middle of the preceding century. The iUustratious are very plain and familiar, and the strain eminently practical. . . . lUs P'ourfold State, his Treatise on the Covenants. Sermons, and other practical pieces, are scriptural, and. as to sentiment, judicious. The style is plain, without artificial ornament; yet illustrations and com- parisons often stiiking." — Dr. E. Williams. A Memorial concerning Personal and Family Fasting and Humiliation. " This little work, were no other copy to be had, would be woHh its weight in gold." The Sermon entitled, The Crook in the Lot, has been greatly commended : " A precious treasure of practical and experimental Christianity, and has ever been held in the highest estimatirm by all • the poor and afflicted people,' who trust in the name of the Lord." Complete Works, now first collected, and reprinted with- out abridgment, including his memoii-s, written by him- self, carefully edited by the Rev. Samuel McMillan, Lon., 1S52, 12 vols. Svo. Bostwick, David, b. about 1720, d. 1763, a minister of the Presbyterian Church. New York. Sermons, 1759, '65, 76. A treatise in defence of Infant Baptism was pub. from some of his MS. sermons after his decease. " It is an able production." aai BOS Bostwick, H., M.D., of New York. Venereal Disease, X. York, 1848, 4to. Other works. Boswell, Sir Alexander, b. 1775, eldest son of the biographer of Dr. Johnstm, was murdered in a duel by Mr. Stuart of Dunearn, March 26. 1822. We say mur- dered, because we consider all deaths in duels to be cases of murder, calling fur the hangman's rope fur the survivor. If both parties escape, then perpetual imprisonment, or tran.-^purtation for life, should preserve society from the contagion of those who so disgrace it. A wise man never yet fought a duel, a courageous man very seldom. As a general rule, cowards and imbeciles compose the ranks of the so-called "Men of Honour." See Bosquett, A., ante. Sir Alexander Boswell was a member of the Roxburghe Club, one of the originators of The Warder, a celebrated Scotch Tory paper, and pub. his Songs, chiefly in the Scottish dialect, 1803. Edinburgh, or the Ancient Roy- alty, 1810. Clan Alpin's Vow, 1811. See Dibdin's Lit Reminiscences. Boswell, Edward. Civil Division of the County of Dorset, Sherborne, (1795,) 8vo. Acts of Pari, respect- ing Cavalry, ic. Part 1, 1798, 12mo. Boswell, Geo. Watering Meadows, Lon., 1780, 8vo. '■ The ess;iy possesses niueh merit, aud b.is not been surpassed by the usage of the present time." — Donaldson's AgricuU. Bifp.age of his work. Perhaps it is only from the literary productions of Johnson himself and scarcely even from them, that equal advantage is to be reaiK'd." Mr. Croker calls our attention to the important t.act that Boswell really eaic very little of his great friend : " (if above Im-nty years, therefore, that their acquaintance lasted, periods equivalent in the whole to abcnit thre^quarters of a year only, fell under the personal notice of Boswell It appears from the Life, that Mr. Boswell visited England a dozen times dur- ing his acquaintance with Dr. Johnson, and that the number of days in which they met were about 180, to which is to be added the time of the Tour, when they were together from the l.Sth Au- gust to the 22d November, 1773; in the whole about 27U days. The number of pages in the separate editions of the two works is 3.^2S, of which 1320 are occupied by the history of these 276; so that a Uttle less than an hundredth part of Dr. Johnson's life occu- pies a6ore one-Aa!/' of Mr. Boswell's work. . . . Every one must re- gret that his pi-'rsonal intercourse with his great friend was not more frequent or more continued." — Prefaee. See Boswell's Letters to W. J. Temple, Lon., 1856, 8vo. Boswell, James, second son of the above, edited Malone's edition of Shakspeare's Plays and Poems, Lon., 1821, 21 vols. Svo. *' Containing a vast quantity of matter illustrative of Shakspeare and his times, by various eminent authors." He was a member of the Roxburghe Club, and pub. for it Poems, by Richiird Barnficld, 1S16, 4to, 34 copies; A Roxburghe Garland, 1817, 12mo. See a specimen in this volume of Mr. B.'s poetical talents, — L'Envoy. Memoir of the late Edmund Malone, Lon., 1S14, Svo, reprinted from the Gent. Mag. Boswell, Johu. Workes of Armorie devyded into throe bookcs entituled, The Concords of Armorie, The Armorie of Honor, aud of Coats and Crestes, Lon., 1572- 97, 4to. Boswell, John, prebendary of Wells, &c. Sermon, 1730, 8vo. A Method of Study, or a Useful Library, with a Catalogue of Books, Lon., 1738, 2 vols. 8vo. Remarks, Ac., 1750-51. Boswell, John. Dissertatio Inaug. de Ambra. Lugd. Bat, 1736, 4to. BosAVell, J. W. Phil. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1801, '05, '06. Boswell, P. 1. Bees, Pigeons, Rabbits, and Canary- Birds, N.York, 18mo. 2. Poultry- Yard, 18mo. BOS BOU Bosworth, Joseph, D.D., F.R.S.. F.S.A., &c., h. 1788, iu Derbyshire ; avud. at Aberdeen as M. A., and subsequently prueeeiled LL.D. iu the same university. Iu order to become a clergyman of the Church of England, he at an early age taught himself Hebrew, — reading the language with the cognate dialects Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic, (irad. as M.A. and Ph. D. at Leyden ; took the degree of li.D. iu Trinity Coll.. Camb. IS?A, and D.D. in ISS'J; also D.D. ad enndcin at Oxford iu 1847. Dr. B. is a member of the principal scientific and literary societies of the world. 1. Introduction to Latin Construing. 2. Eton Greek Gram. 'i. Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar, Lon., 1823, 8ro. " This work will prove a most valuable acfjui.^ition to the library of the philologer and antiquary. The introduction, on the Origin and Progress of Alphabetic Writing, displays considerable learning and ability." — Lou. <-\nt. Mag. 4. Practical Means uf Reducing the Poor's Rate, 1824. '■ We have never perused a pamphlet more replete with sound sense and practical information than the present." — Critical Gas., ^ept. 1S24. 5. Book of Common Prayer, English and Dutch, 12mo. 1838. 6. Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language, Svo, 1838, 42«. " This volume contains, within a moderate compass, a complete apparatus for the study of Anglr)-Saxon. Copious, accurate, cheap, — embodying the whole results of Anglo-Saxon scholarship, — there is no other work of the kind, that can be put in comparison with it. It is tin- fruit of ripe scholarship, enlarged views, and many years' severe and patient labour." — Edin. Rev. 7. A Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary, 1848 : abridgment of No. 6. 8. Origin of the English, Ger- manic, and Scandinavian Nations. 1848, 8vo. 2Lls. 9. Origin of the Danish, and an Abstract of Scandinavian Literature. 10. Origin of the Dutch, with a Sketch of their Language and Literature; 2d ed. 11. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of the Compendious History of the World by Orosius, ]8o(), 8vo, 16«. 12. Description of Europe, and the Voyages of Othere and Wulfstan, written in Anglo- Saxon by King Alfred the Great, 1855. Only 50 copies printed, £3 3s. Dr. B. is preparing the Anglo-Saxon and Moeso-Gothic Gospels in parallel columns ; also a new and enlarged ed. of liis Auglo-Saxou Dictionary. Bosworth, Xewton. Accidents of Life, Lon., 1812. Bosworth, William* The Chast and Lost Lovers lively shadowed in the Persons of Arcadius and Sepha, rofesses to contain: I. A large collection of words occurring in early English Au- thors, not to be found in other works. II. Additional il- lustrations of some words which are found iu those Dic- tionaries. III. Relics of the old language of the English Nation. IV. An Introductory Essay on the origin and history of the language. Bouchery, W. Paraphrasis in Deborae et Baraci Canticura, Camb., 1706, 4to. Bouchette, Jos. British Dominions in N. America, 2 vols. 4tn. Topographical D. of Lower Canada. Bouchier, Barton. Outlines of Grecian History. " A pleasing and useful introduction for young readers to a his- tory of larger extent, and many of maturer years may find inte- rest in its perusal." Bondier, John. Plain and Practical Sermons, Lon., 1818, Svo. *'Very good specimens of familiar parochial instruction." — Chri^stian Bemeinl-ranrer. Bondiuot, Elias, 1740-1821, an eminent philanthro- pist, a native of Philadelphia. Age of Revelation, or the Age of Reason an Age of Infidelity, 1790; again, 1801. Oration, 1793. Second Advent of the Messiah, 1815. Star in the West. 1S16. In this work Mr. B. expresses the opinion that the N. American Indians compose the Lost Tribes of Israel. Bou^hen, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1620-73. Bou^hen, Edward. Sermon, 1714, Svo. Boughtou, Sir C. W. B. R. Sub. of a Speech, 1798, Svo. BonghtOU, Sir G. B. Military and Political Con- siderations relative to G. Britain and her Oriental Colonies, 1808, Svo. Boult, Swinton. The Law and Practice relative to Joint-Stock Companies, Lon. "A judicious pamphlet, well timed, and written by a man evi- dently conversant with the subject." — London Standard. "It will be read with much interest by all who are concerned in Joint-.Stock Companies." — Albion. Boulter, Hugh, 1671-1742. Bishop of Bristol, 1719. Archbishop of Armagh, Lord Primate of Ireland, 1724, was born in or near London, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. His character was most exemplary. Ho pub. eleven separate sermons, 1714-22. and several charges. His Letters to several Ministers of State in England, rela- tive to Transactions in Ireland, from 1724-38, were pub. Oxf., 1769-70, 2 vols. Svo. "They contain the most authentic account of Ireland for the period in which they were written." — Editor of the Letters. Boulton. Vindication of a Complete History of Ma- gick. Sorcery, and Witchcraft, 1722, Svo. Boulton, Dean of Carlisle. Three Essays on the Em- plovmont of Time, Lon., 1754, Svo. Boulton, D'Arcy. Sketch of U. Canada, 1805, 4to. Boulton, Richard. Med. and other works, Lon., 1697-1724. Boulton, Samuel. Medicina magica tamen Phy- sica. Lon., 16j6. and 1665, Svo. A curious work. Bonn, Abr. Tithes, 1650. The Clergy, 1051, Lon., 12mo. Bouncher, Samuel, Sermon, 1693, 4to. Bound, Nic. See Bownp. Bounden, Jos. Fatal Curiosity ; a Poem, 1805. 12mo. Bouquet, Henry. Account of the Exp. against the Ohio Indians, &c., 1766, 4to. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. Bour, Arthur. A Worthy Myrrour, wherein ye may Marke an Excellent Discourse on a Breeding Larke, Lon., sine ftuno; broadside. Bourchier, Sir John. See Berners. Lord. Bourchier, Thomas. Historia Ecclesiastica de Martyrio Fratrum Ordinis D. Francisci. Ac, Paris, 1582, Svo; in Brit. Museum and Bodleian Library. This volume contains much interesting matter relative to Irish eccle- siastical history. Bourke, Jos., Abp. of Tunm. Sermon. 1776, 4to. Bourke, Lt. Gen, Sir Richard, K.C.B., assisted Earl Fitzwilliam in editing the correspondence (pub. in 1844) of Sir Richard's illustrious relative, the great Ed- mund Burke. Bourke, Thomas. History of the Moors in Spain 223 BOU BOU , . -r . f L^ ^ r, L 1-11 ii ■ c 117,-,^.,! I rnl nootrv who have seen the translations of Vincent Bourne, par- from their Inrasion of that Country till their final Expul- ™^^;^y^™ of the ballads of Tweedside. William and Margaret, Bion from it, Lon., 1811, 4to. Bonrkc, Ulick, M;irquis of Clanricanle. Memoirs and Letters, containing Original Papers anil Letters of I K. Charles IL and others from 1650 to 1653, Ac., Lon., ' 1722, Svo. Memoirs and Letters ; as above, 16il-53, Lon., 1757, fol. Bourn, Abr. Letter on the Oh. of England, 1755, Svo. Bourn, or Bourne, Immauuel, 1590-1072, a di- vine of the Church of England, educnted at Christ Cliurih, Oxford, preached at St. Sepulchre's, Loudon. Thcolog. works, 1617-69. "This person was well read in the fathers and schoolmen. — Atheti. 0:cmi. . Bourn, Samuel, of Bolton. The Transforming Vi- eion of Christ in the Future State, 1722, Svo. A Sermon, 1722, Svo. Bourn, Samuel, of Birmingham. Twenty Sermons, 1755, Svo. , , ...... " The doctrine of the Destructionists is largely maintained in these sermons." Other sermons, 173S-54. Bourn, Samuel, assistant to John Taylor, of Nor- wich, was the founder of a sect of Universalisis, called after him, Bourncans. Fifty Sermons on Various Sub- jects, Critical, Philosophical, .and Moral, Norwich, 1777, 2 vols. Svo. Other sermons, 1752, 'CO, '6.5. '■ His style is si mni.'. nervous, and manly, clear. intelliKiWo and concise, and the slivntuiv of his sentences well adapted to the pulpit."— iiJi. M"iillih/ l:, CI. ic. '' Specimen of a f^ond style for sermons." — Job Orton. Bourn, Samuel. Treatises on Wheel Carriages, Lon., 176S, '7:'., Svo. Bourn, Thomas. Gazetteer of the most Remarkalsle Places in the World, Lon., 1S07, Svo: .3d edit., 1822, Svo. •■ We "ivatly approve this work."— ion. Criliai! HevieM. "Such a body of information and entertainment within the same comp.ass, we do not remember to have seen." — Lim. New il.mthhi M'ig. Bourne, Benj. The Description and Confutation of the Familists, T,on. 1646, 4to. Bourne, diaries. 1. Proceedings, ic. in K. Bench. 2. Rules. Ac. of K. Bench, 17S:!-S5. Bourne, Rev. Ileury. Anti.iuitates Vulgares; or, The Antiquities of the Common People, Newcastle, 1725, Svo. This work was rcpub. in 1777, Svo, at Newcastle, with copious additions, by John Brand; again, L"ii., ISIO, Svo; anil a new edition greatly enlarged, Lon.. 1SI.1, 2 vols. 4to, by Sir Henry Ellis. See Quarterly Review, xi. 269-285 ; Brand, Jobs. History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newc., 1736, fol. In the compilation of this work. Mr. B. was under obligations to Christopher Huuter, M.B. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. viii. 283. Bourne, John. Railways in India, Lon., Svo. Ca- techism of the Steam Engine. Lon., 12mo. " No book ever published conveys more useful and practical in- formation on the subject than this Catechism, .ts a popular trea- tise, it is. beyond comparison, thy best and fullest we have yet seen." — Lon. Eailwat/ Gazette. Treatise on the Steam Engine, Lon., 4to. " Of priceless value to engine-makers and engint^iLsers, contain- ing a vast amount of practical informatiou on the subject of the steam emjine, such as is to be met with nowhere else." — Lfm. Me- chanic^ Mag. Treatise on the Screw Propeller, 4to. Bourne, J. C. 1. Views on the tilreat Western Bail- way, Lim., l.S4fi, fol., £4 14s. 0i7. 2. Views on the London aud Birniingliam Railway, 1839, fob, £4 14». M. Bourne^ Nic. Dispute, concerning Religion, between Nic. Bourne and the Ministers of the Kirk of Scotland, Paris, 15S1, Svo. Bourne, Itobert, M.D., 1769-1830, Oxon., 1787, Professor of tlie Practice of Physic in the University of Oxford. Introiluc. Lect. to a Course on Chemistry, Lon., 1797, Svo. Oratio, Lon., 1797, 4to. Cases of Pulmonary Consumption, Ac., Lon., 1S05, Svo. Bourne, Vincent, d. 1747, an usher in Westminster school, was elected to the University of Cambridge in 1714. His Latin poetry was greatly admired. Poemata, Lon., ! 1734, Svo. Poemata Latino partim reddita, partim scripta, Lon., 1750, 12nio. Miscell. Poems. Originals and Trans- lations. Lon., 1772, 4to. Poetical Works, with his Letters, Lon., 1808, 2 vols. 12mo. Cowper, who was his pupil at Westminster, speaks of his poetry in the highest terms : " I lovti the memory of Viuny Bourne. I think him a better Latin t'oet than Tibullus, Propertius, Ausouius, or any of tho writers in his way, except Ovid, and not at all inferior to him." Dr. Beattie, referring to Boileau's ignorance of any good poets in England till Addison presented him with tho Musa; Anglioanae, remarks that " Those foreigners must entertain a hij-'h opinion of our p.asto- id Howes Despairing beside a dear stream, of which it is nocoiu- plimeut to say. that in sweetness of numbers, and ele;.-aiit expres- sion they are at least etiual to the originals, and scarce Inferior to any thing in Ovid or TiliuUus."— BeaHie's Essays. See also Ilay- ley s Life of Cowper; Welch's Westminster Scholars ; Canta- bricieusea Graduati ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ,,.„ t Bourne, William. Almanack for 1671. 72, 73, Lon.. 1671, Svo. Inueutions, or Denises, 1578, 4to. The Trea- sure'for Travellers, 1578, 4to. A curious work. Alma- iiacke for 10 years, 1580, Svo. A Regiment for the Sea, 1584, 4to. The Arte of Shooting in Great Ordinance, 1587. 4to. Bourns, Charles. The Principles and Practice of Surveying, Lon., Sv,o, 3d edit. " It contains all that is required to render it not only a source of instruction, but also a most excellent work of reference."— Mimvq Journal. , ,._.., " On Engineering Survevine there is much valu.ahle informa- tion, which subject has hitherto been strangely neglected."— Zfiifr- lin I'orlcl. Bouse. Henry. Lett, to Ld. King on Bankers, 1S04. Bouseil. John. Quaker works, 1790-93, Svo. BoustieUl, Beiij. Obs. on Burke's Pamph., Lon., Boutcher, >Vm. On Forest Trees; with Directions for planting Hedges, &<-.. Lon., 1772, 4to. BoutcU, Uev. Charles. Christian Monuments in England and Wales, Lon., r. Svo. The Monumental Brasses of England; 149 engravings on wood, r. Svo, and fol. " Eiich number of Jlr. Boutell's collection might form the text of a moiwraph on Medi;rv.al Costume in its three great divisions. Military, Ecclesiastical, and Secular."-JrcftOT%icai Journal, vol. ^''Monumental Brasses and Slabs; with 200 illustrations, Svo, aud r. Svo. ■■Tbe whole work has a look of painstaking completeness, highly comuiendable."- inndmi Athr.nmim. Bouverie, Sophia. St. Justin, Lon., 1808,3 vols.l2mo. Bouvet, T. 1. Muscovite Emiiire. 2. Life of Emperor Cang-hy, Lon., 1699, Svo. At the time when this work was published, very little was known of China and its people. Within the last twenty years (1836-56) many valuable works on these subjects have appeared. Bouvier, Hannah M.,b. 1811, at Philadelphia, only child of the succeeding, and the inheritor of his ardent love of knowledge, devotion to study, and rcin.arkable powers of mental analysis, in addition to the ordinary routine of a liberal education, has cultivated with eminent success the hi"hcr branches of astronomical science. In 1857, she »ave t'o the world the results of her studious application in % volume entitled Familiar Astronomy; or. An Intro- duction to the Study of the Heavens, Illustrated by Celes- tial Maps and upwards of 200 linely-executed Engravings. To which is added A Treatise on the Globes, and a Com- prehensive Astronomical Dictionary, [with a copious Index 1 for the Use of Schools, Families, aud Private Stu- dents, Phila., 1857, Svo, pp. 499. This admirable manual at once elicited the enthusiastic commendation of many of the most distinguished astronomers both in Great Britain and America,— viz. : Lord Rosso, Sir John F. W. Herschcl, Sir David Brewster, Rear-Admiral W. H. Smyth, J. Russell Hind, John Narrien, G. B. Airy, J. P. Nichol, Dr. Lardner, Dr Dick. AViUiam Lassell. George Bishop, A. De Morgan, Rev W 11 Dawes, W. C. Bond, B. A. Gould, Jr., Lient. Maurv,'Dcnison Olmsted, W. H. C. Bartlett, Stephen Alex- ander, and Elias Loomis. We annex a few quotations from these opinions : " I consider it a work of great v.alue. It is evidently the resuU of a careful consideration, not only of the different branches i^I astronomy properly so called, (as embodied in tbe publication .if various kinds which have attracted great attention in the present day especially the records of new classes and with new instiu- nieiits,) but also of the collateral sciences,— optics, for example. 8o far as I know, no work which 1 have scon, of a parlly-lanubai character, contains so much accurate information on astronomy. — Ueo BlDDELL AlRV, AstroHonwr Eoyal nf England, ^m. 4, ISoo. " I consider it a work very well calculated to give an accurate knowledge of the principal facts of astronomy and to prepare .a yoiui" student for the perusal of works of a more abstruse and teiliiiical nature."— Sm John F. W. IlEnsCHEL, March 2, 1S6|. " ' Familiar Astronomy' is a work exhibiting the scientific zeal and intelligence of its author; and from tbe method of question and answer it appears to be admirably adapted for teaching that deliL'litfiil science."— REAK-Al)MlE.it W. II. Smyth. " I bave inspected the greater part of the volunie,and have termed a very lii^'h opinion of it and of the genius and laborious investiga- tions of the authoress. It is a work which embraces almost every thill" requisite for imparting to general readers a knowledge of every brincb ,,1' a«tr.,n,.mical science; and the information it com- municates is both amiilc and correct. Tbe volume is handsomely eot up: the pictorial illustrations are beautiful and accurate, par- ticularly those which exhibit the nebula: and other phenomena of the sideVe^.l heaveus."- Db. Dick, Dec. '27, 1850. BOU BOW "Tlie leading facts of astronomy «p to tho present time are ac- curately and clearly stated: and in the selection of materials, the arrangement and style, the work appeals to be the best elementary b.Htk I have seen.' — Lord Rosse, t/te owner of the great Rosse " lu this list we must not omit mention of a remarliuMi' Aim ti- can woman, who has achieved signal success in tlir s, i,imi ,i1 astronomy, — who, in fact, may justly be termed thr Mm .-i m^i- ville of the United States."— TRiiBN£R : BibliograpUital Uutdt^ new ed.. 1S5.S. Bouvier, John, 1787-1S51, Recorder of the City of Philadelphiii, Associate Judge of the Court of Criminal Sessions in the same city, and an eminent legal wriler, was a native of the village of Codognan in the department of Gard, in the south of France. Having been a resident of America since his 15th year, and identifying his name with American and English jurisprudence, we need make no apology for enrolling the name of Judge Bouvier in a list of British and American authors. The first indication which John Bouvier exhibited of that remarkable power of analysis which eminently distinguished his mind, was the production of an abridgment of Bhickstone's Commen- taries, the fruit of his leisure hours whilst preparing for admission to the bar. In 1839 he pub. a work, which, with all the rest of his useful and laborious compilations, has attained great and deserved popularity : A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America, and of the several States of the American Union; witli Beferences to tho Civil and other Systems of Foreign Law. Phila., 2 vols. 4th edit, revised, improved, and greatly enlarged, Phila., 1853, 2 vols. r. Svo. The following excellent mottoes, than which nothing better could have been chosen, appear on the title-page : " Ignorantis terminis i^norantur et ars." — Co. Litt. 2 a. " Je sais que ehaque science et ehaque art a ses termes propres, inconnu au commun des hommes." — Fledry. A layman's commendation of a profound professional work very properly carries with it but little weight. For this cause, and other obvious reasons, we have always preferred, in our Eneycloptedia, to adduce the opinions of eminent authorities upon works respecting which similar pursuits had authorized a judgment at once intelligent and ex cathedra. '■ Im media t^dy on its appp.irance. this work recj?ived the entire and cordial approval of our most eminent jurists, such as Story and Kent. Greenlt-af. Randall, and Baldwin, and was received with equal approbation in other lauds. Joy. the distinp;uished Irish writer of ' Ldf^'rx nn Lrrjal Education in England and h-dnu'i: not only commended it in his volume as a ' work of a nmst rhilioratn character as compared with Enizlish works of a similar nature,' but in a private letter to its author expro'ssed his sense of his bi;;h reputation. To this work the Jud^re had devoted the most unre- mitting labour for ten years: and during the remainder of his life he spent much time f>n its improvement. Many of its articles were rewritten, and lartre additions made to it, so th.at the fourth edi- tion may be said tn he the work of nearly a quarter of a century." —From the N.'ti^mul Pnrtmit G>lkr>i of Di'linf,nished Americans. " Bouviers Law IM. timiary is th.- h.-st hn,.k of the kind in use for the Ajnei-ican lawyer. U conliiio^ ,sulliri^-nt reference to Eng- lish and foreign law, with a very full syudjisis of such portions of American jurisprudence as require eUicidiition. In tin- siTtnid edition the author recast many of the titles, and ady so eminent an authority, he was strengthened by that en- couragement which mental assimilation always confers upon men of remarkable grasp of intellect. When con- templating "enterprises of great pith and moment," it is a great satisfaction to the adventurer to find that others have been inflamed by the same zeal, and buoyed up under difficulties by a like hope. The .sailor who " hugs the coast," cares little for companionship; but he who en- counters a fellow-mariner on the wide waste of waters feels the consolations of sympathy and continues his voyago with renewed courage. That we may not be suspected of under-estimation of labours of which we must necessarily be an incomjietcnt judge, we shall strengthen our position by some brief extracts from some of tho most learned " opi- nions" of which the American bench and bar can boast. The Institutes of American Law was pub. in 1S51. in 4 vols, Svo. The author may be said to have "died in the harness:" in two mouths after he had the gratification of seeing the result of his arduous labours given to the world, he was gathered to the "house appointed for all living." " It is ft work of very great value. . . . The general plan, and the order and airani^ement of the subjects of which it treats, could not. 1 thinli. be inqjroved. And I may say the same thing of the manner in wbii-h the plan is carried into execution. For every principle and rule is stated with brevity and perspicuity, and sup- ported by proper reference."— lloN. Roger B. Tanet, Chief Justice of the United States. '■ I know of no work which shows so much research, and which embodies so generally the elementary prinriples of American Law, as the Institutes of Mr. Bouvier. His name is most favourably known to the profession by his previous works; and I am greatly mistaken if his Institutes shall not add to his high reputation as an able and learned law-writer. The Institutes ought not only to be found in the hands of every student of law, but on the shelf of every lawyer."— Hon. John McLean, Associate Judge of the isUr preme Cmtrt of the Unitrd Slatn. '• It forms a valuable addition to legal science, and is well calcu- lated to be'-ome a text-book tor students." — IIos. John M. Read. Judges Wayne, Greenleaf, Green, Grier, Irwin, and Kane, add their testimony to the high authorities quoted above. Bovet, Richard* Pandajmonium, or the Devil's Cloy- ster; being a Further Blow to Modern Sadducei.sm, proving the Existence of Witches and Spirits, Lou., 1684, Svo. Bovyer, K, G, Kducatiun for the Infant Poor, 1811. Bowack, JoUn. Antiquities of Middlesex: Parts 1 and 2, all pub.. Lon., 1705, fol. Bowater, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, Svo. Bowber, Thomas. Sermon, ISOo, 4to. Bowchier,Josh. ihercticus Triumphatus,Oxon.,1719. Bowchier, Richard* Sermon, Lon., 1692, 4to. Bowdeu, A. Treatise on the Dry Hot, Lon., 1815, Svo, Bowdcn, James. Covenant-Kight of Infants as to Baptism. Lon., ]2mo. Family Conversations, 12mo. His- tory of the Society of Friends in America, p. 8vo. Reli- gious Education Enforced, 12mo. Bowdeu, John. Epitaph-Writer; containing 600 225 BOW Epitaphs, Jloral, Admonitory, Humorous, and Satirical, L'ln., Ufll, 12mo. Bowden, John. Serm., 1704, '15? Bowden, John, D.D., d. 1817, aged 65, Professor of Bolles-Leltres and Moral Philosophy in Columbia College, New York, was an Episcopal clergyman for more than forty years. In 17S7, he was rector of Norwalk. He was elected Bishop of Connecticut, but, as he declined, Dr. Jarvis was appointed. Dr. B. pub. A Letter to E. Styles, 1787, and The Apostolic Origin of Episcopacy, in a Series of Letters to Dr. Miller, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808. Bowden, John William. The Life and Pontificate of Gregory Vlt., [llildebrand,] 2 vols. 8vo, Lon, 1840. bee a review in Brit. Critic, xxLv. 280. Bowden, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1804, 8vo. Prayers and Discourses for the Use of Families, 1816, 8vo. "The subjects of thi-.so Sermons are of a practical nature, and the preacher discourses on them with calmness and simplicity. Bowden, Thomas. The Farmer's Director; or. Com- pendium of English Hu,sbandry, Lon., 8vo. Donaldson (in Agricult. Biog.) places this work under 1803 and also ""fiowdich, Thomas Edward, 1790-1824 a native of Bristol. 1. Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee, ""Aw.irk of cimsiderable importance, from the account it gives us of a people hitherto almost entirely unknown, and from the lieht which the very diligent and laborious inqmncs of Mr. Bow- dich have thrown upon the geography of Africa, '—Edm. htv. 2. and o Trans. Mollien's Travels to the Sources of the Senegal and Gambia. 3. British and French Expedition to Teembo. 4 Account of the Discoveries of the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique, 1824, 8vo. 6. Excursions in Madc-ira and Porto Santo, Ac, 1825, 4to. This was pub. by his widow. Three works, illustrated, on Mammalia, Birds, and Shells. Other works and essays. Bowditch, Nathaniel, LL.D., 1773-1838, a native of Salem, Massachusetts, has won an enduring reputation by his translation of, accompanied with a commentary <.n, the Mccanirpie Celeste of La Place, pub. in 4 large 4to vols., Boston, 1829, '32, '34, '38. The example of Bowditch should operate as a stimulus to the ambition of every un- educated youth who desires to supply the defects of earlier years. The son of a cooper, he was taken from school at the ago of ten year.s, and apprenticed to a ship-chandler. On aft.aining his majority, he went to sea as an inferior officer in a merchant vessel. So great was his thirst fur knowledge, and so accurate his powers of ob.5ervation, that he had arranged an Almanac, complete in all its parts, at the age of 15. His first publication was The Practical Navigator. , ^,_ .. , ■ •■ Scarcely suiTOSsed in usefulness by any of the time, ana im- mpdiately driving all others of the same class out of circulation. ^X. Anictiotn Kfxiew. The English edit, of this work, edited by Kirby, was pub. in Loudon by Mr. Hardy, 1802, 8vo. By accident he obtained a copy of Newton's Principia, and taught Inmsclf Latin that ho might read the work, and he made a transla- tion of the whole. He made four voyages to the East Indies, and one to Europe, and at the age of 30 became President of an In- surance Company in his native town. Tliis office he held for twenty years, when he was transferred to the place of Actuary of the Massachusetts Life Insurance Cunpany, which post he held for the rest of his life. Ho lived to superintend through the press the whole of his translation of La Place, with the exception of the pages /losf 1000 of vol. iv. The expense of publication was estimated at $10,000, (which it exceeded,) and although the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and some of his person.al friends offered to issue the work at their own cost, he de- clined their liberal proposal, and determined, with tho consent of his family, to undertake it himself. Their decision as to whether he should expend one-third of Ms fortune in this enterprise deserves to he recorded. His wife, without whose encouragement Bowditch often declared his great work would never have seen the light, urged him to give the result of his labours to the world, and promised to make any sacrifice which would facilitate his plans. His children urged him to go on : " We value your reputation more th.an your money," was their noble response. The work was most favourably received. " The idea of undert.aking a translation of tlie whole M^canique Celeste, accomiKinied t hniUKln lut with a .oiiinus running' comment- ary, is one whitb sa\iiurs, at tii^t sisbt, ..f 111.- iii \vhat we have hithertu h:ia rc.-ison to conceive of the popularity and dilTu,sion of matheniatical know- ledge ou the opposite shores of the Atlantic, we should never have BOW expected to have originated— or. at least, to have been can-iedinto e'-ecutlnn— in that quarter. The first volume only has as yet reached us: and when we consider the gre.it difficulty ol printing works of this nature, to sav nothing of the heavy and probably unremuneratcd expense, we are not surprised at the delay of the second Meanwhile, the p.art actually completed (which contains the first two books of Laplace's work) is, with few and slight ex- ceptions, just what we could have wished to see— an exact and careful translation into very good English— exceedingly well printed, and accompanied with notes appended t«each page, which leave no step in the text of moment unsupplied. and hardly auy material difiiculty either of conception or reasoning unelucidated. To the student of ' Celestial Mechanism' such a work must be iu- valuablc,''— iffli. Qiiarterly Revkw, vol. xlvii. 1832, See Review by B. Peirco in N. American Review, xlviii. 143 : also notices of Bowditch, in American Jour, of Science, xxxv. 1 ; Hunt's Mag., i. 33 ; Am. Almanac, 1836, 228; Amer. Quar. Reg., xi. 309; Oration by Mr. Pickering before the American Academy; Discourse by Judge White; Private Memoir by N. I. Bowditch, Best., 1839. Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll, eldest son of tha preceding, b. in Salciu, Mass., removed to Boston, 1823. 1. Memoir of Nathaniel Bowditch, prefixed to Mecanii(uo Ce- leste, 1839; 2d ed., 1840, 4to. 2. History of the Massa- chusetts General Hospital, 1851, 8vo. 3. Suffolk Surnames, Bost., 1S57; 2ded., enlarged, 1858, Svo. Bowditch, Samuel. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1713. Bowdler, Miss E. Sermons on tho Doctrine and Duties of Christianity, Lon., 1828, 12mo. Of these Scr- mons, 43 editions had been sold in 1836. Bishop Porteus admired them so highly that he directed the publisher to inform their clerical author that he would provide him with " a living" in his gift. Poems and Essays, Ac. Bowdler, Mrs. H. M. Practical Observations on tho Revelation of St. John; 2d edit., Bath, 1800, 12mo. Designed for those who have not leisure or inclination to examine the prophetical meaning of the Apocalypse. '- Jlany such readers will doubtless be found ; and whoever takes up the book with a serious mind, will be edified by the good sense, jii-'ty. and modesty of the writer." — Brit. Ciitic. O. S. vol. xvi. Pen T.amar, or the History of an Old Maid, Lon., Svo. " Written with great simplicity." Lon. Monthly Seview. Other works. Bowdler, John. Reform or Ruin, Lon., 1779, Svo. Bowdler, John, Jr., barrister. Select Pieces in Prose and Verse, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo. "The peculiar value of these volumes is the combination of talent, of taste, and of pietv which they exhibit."— £cti. Q. Rev. Theological Tracts, 1818, 12mo. " An able writer,' —Bickebsteth. il w » ,.» Bowdler, Thomas, 1782-1S57. Serms. on the Nature, Offices, and Character of Jesus Christ, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. Other works. „ tt n ,3 Bowdler, Thos., 1754-1825. Letters from Holland. Lon., 1788, Svo. Life of General ViUetfes, &,<•., 1815, Svo. Liberty, Civil and Religious, 1816, Svo. The Family Shakspearc; in which nothing is added to the original Text; but those AYords and Expressions are omitted which cannot with Propriety be read aloud in a Family, Lon., 8 vols. Svo, £4 Ms. 6d.; and 10 vols. r. 18mo, £3 3s. "We are of opinion, that it requires nothing more than a notice, to bring this very meritorious puijliration into general circulation. It is quite undeniable, that there are many passages, in Shaks- pearc which a father could not read aloud to his children ; a bro- ther to his sister; or a gentleman to a lady. Mr. Bowdler has oulv effaced those gross indecencies which every one mu.st have feltas hlemishes, and by the removal of which no imaginable ex cellence can be attected. So far from being nnssed on then- re- moval, the work gener.ally appears more natural and harmonious without them."— fiiin. ifcr.,No.71. See Athen. 1Sd8, Pt 2, 233. F.aniily Gibbon; reprinted from the Original Text, with the careful Omission of all Passages of an irreligious or immoral Tendency, 5 vols. Svo, £3 3fi. Bowdoin, James, 1727-1790, Governor of Massa- chusetts, was author of a poetic Paraphrase of the Econo- my of Human Life, 1759. He also pub. a philosophical discourse, addressed to tho American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Boston, 1780 — the year in which he be- came president of the Institution. This, and several other papers of his, will bo found in the first vol. of the Society's Memoirs. ^ 1 , i . " These productions manifest no common taste and talents in astrnnnraical inquiries," Bowdoin, James, 1752-1811, son of the preceding, minister of the United States to Spain, pub. a trans, of Dauberton's Advice to Shepherds; Opinions respecting the Commercial Intercourse between the United States and Great Britain, (anon.) , ,, t» Bowen, Mrs. Kenilworth Castle, and other Poems, Lon., Svo. Ystradffin; a Descriptive Poem, 8vo. Boweu, Captain. A Statemont of Facts, 1791, Svo. Boweu, Eli, b. 1824, iu Lancaster Co., Pcnn. 1. Coal BOW BOW Regions of Pennsylvania, 8vo. 2. The U. S. Post-Office System, Svo. 3. Pictorial Skctch-Book of Pennsylvania, 8vo. 4. Ranitjles in the Path of the Steam-lLirse, 8vo, Bowen, Emanuel. English Atlas, Lon., 1747, 2 vols. fol. A t'omiilete Atlas, Lon., 1752, fol. Bowen, Francis, h. Sept. 8, 1811, at Charlcstown, Mass.; grad. at llarvarJ Coll.. 183.3; Alford Prof, of Na- tural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity in Har- vard Coll.: editor of the N. Aiu'er. Rev., 184.3-54. Essays on Speculative Philosophy. Bost., 1842, 12mo: sec notice in Eelec. Mag., v. 215. Virgil, with English Notes, Bost, 8vo. Lowell Lectures on the Application of Metaphysical and Ethical Science to the Evidences of Religion, Bost., 1849, 8vo. See notices in Chris. E.\am., xlviii. 88 ; Chris. Rev., xv. 78. " Mr. Bowen's Lectures were received with very great satisfaction, as they were delivered before auditors tit. and yet not few. Now th.^t they are in print, we believe that they will be re^'arded as ex- hibiting signal ability, and as possessing very high merits, by those who, not having beeu hearers, shall give' them a careful pe- rusal. . . . We shall be disappointed if his volume is not received as a most valuable contribution to speculative philosophy, not merely by men of the conservative and cautious schools, but by the mass of those deliberate and unprejudiced readers who know not that they belong to any party. . . . We commend this volume, first of all, bec.iuse it is written in the vernacular tongue, in good, wholesome English. It is free from barbarisms, Ger- manisms, and all affectations. The author knew what he wished to say, and he said it in a way to let us know what it was." — Christian Exami7ier. To Mr. Bowen wo are indchtcd for an edition, revised and corrected, with an addition of a History of tho U. States, of Dr. Weber's Outlines of Universal History, Boston, r. Svo. Documents of the Constitution of England and America from Magna Charta to the Federal Constitution of 1789, compiled and edited, with Notes. Oamliridge, 1854, Svo. Dugald Stewart's Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind ; revised and ahridgcd, with Critical and Kxplauatory Notes, for the Use of Colleges and Schools, Host, and Canib., 12mo, 1854. Principles of Political Economy Applied to the Condition, Resources, and Insti- tutions of the American People, Bost., 1856, Svo. See favourable reviews in Christian Examiner, and North American Review, April, 1S56. "Francis Bowen is a clear, forcible, independent thinker, and has much precision and energy of style. His coutributions on metaphysical subjects, and on the principles of law and govern- ment, are of a very high character. lie is a man of large acquire- ments both in literature and philosophy." — GriswoUl's Pi-ose- Wri- ters of America. Bowen, James, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. Bowen, Malconi. Construction of Sails of Ships, 1S05, 4to. Bowen, Pardon, M.D., 1757-1826, R.I.. pub. an elaborate account of the Yellow Fever of Providence, in Hosack's Med. Reg., vol. iv. See Thacher's Med. Biog. Bowen, Samuel. Sermon on Ps. xviii. 46, Svo. Bowen, T.J. Central Africa: Adventures and Mis- sionary Lahors in Several Countries in the Interior of Africa from 1849 to 1856, Charleston, S.C, 1S57. 12mo. "On the whole, we can commend-the book as fit and seasonable." —Lm. Athcmiiim, .July 4, 1857. Bowen, Thomas. Thoughts on the Necessity of Mt»ral Discipline in Prisons as Preliminary to the Reli- gious Instruction of Offenders, Lon.. 1777-98. Svo. Ser- mons, 1798-99. 4to. Bethlehem Hospital, 1783, 4to. Bower, Alex. An Account of the Life of James Beattie. LL.l). in which are occasionally given Characters of the Priucii>al Literary Men and a Sketch of the State of Literature in Scotland during the last century, 1804, Svo. " This narrative will he perused with pleasure by 'those who are satistied with plain facts recorded in plain language." — London Monthly Heview, 1K05. The Life of Luther: with .an Account of the E.arly Pro- gress of the Reformation, Svo. History of the University of Edinburgh, 3 vols. Svo. Bower, Archibald, 1686-1766, a native of Dundee, Scotland, was educated at the Scots College, Douay, re- moved to Rome in 1706, and became a Jesuil in 1712. In 1726 he came to England, having fled from the Inquisition .at Macerata. of which he was an officer, and about 1732 he conformed to the Church of England. He was read- mitted into the order of the Jesuits about 1744, after which he again became a Protestant. His wife declared that he died in the Protestant faith : his will contains no declaration as to \nsjlnal religious opinions. It is difficult to tell what degree of credit to allow either to his repre- sentations or to the charges of his enemies, hut there is enough doubt upon the subject to prevent his being very zealously claimed by either the Church of England or that of Rome. I Whilst living with Lord Aylmer, he undertook the charge of tho Historia Literaria; or an Exact and Early Acciumt of the most VaUbable Books published in the several Parts of Europe : pub. monthly, 1730-34. 4 vok. Svo. Ho wrote the preface to this work, and several of the articles in Italian, being as yet unskilled in the English language. See Review of Reviews, by the author of this Dictionnry, in Putnam's Monthly Mag., New York, vol. i. and ii., 1853-54. From 1734 to 1744 he was emjdoyed by the proprietors of the Univers.al History, in writing for that work tho Roman History, which Ps.almanazar (who wrote must of the other portions of the Ancient History in that collec- tion) declares that he did very ill. See Psalmanaz,ar's Life, p. 308. Bower also edited the second edition <.f the Universal History, .and received £200 for doing very little, and that done so badly as to require careful revision. The value of this extensive series, 1749-66, hound in 65 vols., sometimes in a fewer number, is not to be disputed. "I generally consult the Univcrs.il Ilistoiy. a work of great merit-and perhaps not sufficiently v.alucd." — Btt'thr's lIoraBil'li(yp. "Consult the volumes of the t'luvcrsal History, where von will find, either in the text or references, every historical info'i-mation which can well be required."— iVe/'. Smyth's Led. on Mmhrii lli.^t. Warburton refers to "the infamous rhapsody, called the Universal History — miserable trash," but of all Literary Bull Dogs, perhiips the bosom friend of Pope was the most dogmatic. Gibbon's opinion draws a just discrimination : " The excellence of the fii-st part of the Universal History is ge- nerally admitted. The History of the Macedonians is executed with much erudition, taste, and judirment. The history would be inv.alualile, were .ill its parts of the s:ime merit." — Miscell. Wi>rl:s. Mr. Swinton gave Dr. Johnson a list of the authors, which will be found in a note from the doctor to Nichols, Dec. 6, 17S4. (Boswell's Johnson.) Bower now turned his atten- tion to the publication of a History of the Popes, a portion of which ho says he had prepared whilst at Rome. This work was pub. at intervals from 174S-66, 7 vols. 4to. In the year in which his 1st vol. apjicared, he was appointed Librarian to Queen Caroline. This history led to a warm controversy. His character was attacked as entirely un- worthy of credit, and sufficient evidence was produced to ruin his reputation with the public .at large, notwithstand- ing his exculpatory pamphlets, (pub. 1756-61.) His tried friend, Lord Lyttelton, however, refused to credit any thing against Bower : " The merit of the work will beai- it np against all these attacks ; and as to the ridiculous story of my having discarded him. the in- timate friendship in wliii h we continue tn live will be a sufficient answert-i th;it. ;uid better tli;ni any t.stiniony formally given " — Lord Li/ltdtnn U, Dr. Doddridye, Oct. 1761. In 1757 an abridgment of the first four vols, of tho His- tory of the Popes was pub. in French, at Amsterdam. An idea of the incompetency of the author for the production of a great historical work, may be inferred from the fact that he compresses the eventful history of the Church from 1600 to 1758 into 26 pages! When Bower can confirm his position by history, wo give him credence ; where his assertions only are in court, we give tho accused the benefit of the doubt. See the Rev. Henry Temple's strictures, entitled Bower Detected as an Historian ; or. His Many Essential Omissions and More Essential Perversions of Facts in Favour of Popery Demonstrated, Lon., 1758, Svo; also see Douolass, Bishop. Bower, Edward. Dr. Lamb Revived, &c. : 2 tracts npon Witchcraft. Lon., 1653, 4to. Bower, John. Con. to Ann.als of Med., 1S02. Bower, John, Jr. Abbey of Melrose, 1813, Svo. Bower, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717. Bower, Walter. Prologues in John Fordun's Scoti Chron., edit. Tho. llearne : see FonnuN, J. On Fordun's work much uf the early history of Scotland is founded. Bower, William. Miscell. Tracts, Lon., 1788, 4to. Bowerbank, John. Journal on the Bellerophon. 1815. Bowerbank, John Scott, b. 1797, in London, a distinguished naturalist. Contrib. valuable papers to the Entomological Mag., Tra.ns. Microscopical Soc, (])rinci- pally on the Sponges,) Trans. Geol. Soc, Trans. Palteon- tographical ,Soc, — which he founded in 1848, — and to Mag. of Nat. Hist. History of the Fossil Fruits and Seeds of the Loudon Clay, 1840, r. Svo. Bowerbank, T. F., M.D. A Sermon, 1815, 8yo. Bowers, Thomas, lip. of Chichester. Serm.l722,8vo. Bowes, Sir Jerome. Trans, from the French of .an Apology for the French Reformed or Evangel. Christians, Lon., 1579, Svo. Bowes, Paul. Journal of Parliament in the Reign of Elizabeth. 1BS2. fol. Boues, Thomas. Trans, of the Second Part of Primaudaye's Frcnche Academic, Lon., 1594, 4to. BOW Bowick, William, Sermon, 171fi, 8vo. [ Bowie, Juhn. Concio ad Cleruin Cantuariensem, i Lon.. 1612, 4to. Bowie, John, 1725-1788, known by his friends as Dun Bowie, from his attachment to Spanish literature, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. Entering into holy i orders, he was presented to the vicarage of Idmeston, AVilts, where he continued until his death. He was a man of great erudition, and was the principal detector of Lau- | der's forgeries. See Lauder, AVilliam. Miscell. Pieces of English Ancient Poesie, 1765. A Letter to Dr. Ptjrcy, respecting a new and claj-sical edition | of Don Quixote, 1777. lie pub. his edit, of Don Quixote in | 1781, in 6 vols. 4to! The first 4 contain the text, the 5th is composed of annotations, and the 6th gives a copioxis index. The subscription price was three guineas. This enormous enterprise proved a failure. However, let the lover of Spanish lore fail not to secure a copy if he can. j So resolved that odd anticiuary. Rev. Michael Tyson : " Is Bowie's Don Quixote published, or not ? Though I did not cbuse to seem to be acquainted with the Editor by appt-ariug amonast the Subscribers, yet I like Cervantes so much that I | must^make a swop, or truck, with Tom Payne fur the book." — Tyson to Gough: A'ichols's Literary Anecd^ks. vol. viii. ; and see vol. vi. for an interesting notice of Bowie, and bis edition of Don Quixote, &c. He pub. a number of articles in defence of this work, relative to Warton's History of English Poetry, Ac, in Gentleman's Mag. ; contributed to the Archteologia, vols. vi. and vii., 1782-85; to Granger's History, and to John- son's and Steevens's Shakspeare. " I am not the Translator of Don Quixote. I have too much con- ceiviug of the merit of the original of Cervantes ever to think of appearing in that character. The difficulties of a translator must rise in proporti"n to his knowledge of the original. ... A desire to impart that pleasure to others, which I almost solely possessed, impi,-lled me to the hazardous work of printing; in which if I have erred once. I may be easily credited. 1 shall never be guilty of a like offence again."' Sree Gent. I^lag., vols. liv.. Iv. We cannot forbear pleasing the lover of the Knight of the Rueful Countenance by transcribing the delicious Bill of Fare for Quixotic epicures, exhibited by Mr. Bowie in his prospectus : " A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Percy, concerning a new and classicjil edition of Historia del valoroso Cavallero Don Quixote de la I^Iancha ; to be illustrated by Annotations and Extracts from the Historians, Poets, and Romauces of Spain and Italy, and other writers, an- cient and modern; with a Glossary and Indexes, in which are oc- casionally interspersed some Reflections on the I^earning and Ge- nius of the author, with a Map of Spain adapted to the History, and to every Translator of it." What a glorious prospect is here ! Yet the work, as we already said, was a failure. In the words of a cold-blooded critic : " The public sentiment seemed to be that annotations on Cer- vantes were not quite so necessary as on Shakspeare " The enthusiastic Don Bowie, disgusted with such heart- lessness, renounced the press, and left the stupid " public" to their downward course of ignorance and fatuity ! That any sane man, woman, or child could really be indifferent to the least word, wink, and gesture of the Knight of the Sorrowful Countenance, and the philosophic apothegmatist Sancho Panza, was hard to believe, but if such were the stolidity of that thick-skuUcd generation, — so let it be! He had discharged his duty; therefore he washed his hands, shook the dust from his feet. locked hi.'' library door, and was soon entranced in the fields of La Mancha, the persevering revolutions of the Windmills, the lustre of Mambrino's helmet, and the substantial charms of Dulci- nea del Toboso. BoAvles. New London Guide, Lon., 1787, 8vo. Bowles, Caroline Anne. See Sotjthey, Mrs. Bowles, Edward. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1643- 48. 4 to. Bowles, John, Barrister-at-Law. This gentleman pub. many politicjil and other tracts, Lon., 1791-1807. Bowles, Oliver, d. 1674. a Fellow in Queen's College, Camb.. and Rector of Sutton. Tractatus de Pastore Evan- gelico, Lon., 1649, 4to ; 1655, 12mo; Groninga;.1739. sm.Svo. •' Liber ob utilia ac pia praccpta, in eo pro ministris ecclesiie proposita. laudatur." — Walch. '' A good translation would be generally useful." — BickersTETH. Sermon on Jtdin ii, 17. Lon., 1643, 4to. Bow'les, Thomas, D.D. Viearof Brackley, North- amptonshire. Sernioiip, 1728-41, 4to. Bowles, Kev. William Lisle, 1762-1850, was de- scended from the Bowleses of Burcombe, in Wilt.shire. He was born at King's Sutton; placed at Winchester, 1776; elected a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1781 ; Vicar of Chicklade, 1792; Rector of Dumbleton. 1797; Viearof Bremhill, and Prebendary of Sali.^bury, 1804 ; Canon Re- sidentiary, 182S. Mr. Bowles waa a voluminous writer. BOW Fourteen Snnncts. 1789, 4to. Verses to John Howard, lTSP,.ito. Giiive of Howard; a Poem, Lon., 1790, 4lo. Verses, 1790, 4to. Monody, 1791, 4to. Elegiac Verses, 1796, 4to. Hope, 179(1, 4,to. Coombe Ellew, 1798, 4to. St. Michael's Mount, 1798, 4to. Poems, 1798-1809, 4 vols. 8vo. The Battle of the Nile; a Poem, 1799, 4to. A Dis- course, 1799, 4to. A Sermon, 1801, 4to. The Sorrows of Switzerland; a Poem, 1801, 4to. The Picture; a Poem, 1804, 4to. The Spirit of Discovery, or the Conquest of the Ocean ; a Poem, 1805, 8to. Bowden Hill, 1815, 4to. The Missionary of the Andes, 1822. The Gr.ave of the Last Sa.'ion, 1823. Ellen Gray, 1828. Days Departed, 1832. St. John in Patmos, or the Last Apostle, 1S32; 2d edit. 1833, with a revised selection of some of his earlier pieces. His last poetical compositions were contained in a volume entitled. Scenes and Shadows of Days, a Narra- tive ; accompanied with Poems of Youth, and some other Poems of Melancholy and Fancy, in the Journey of Life from Youth to Age,'l837, 12mo. Little Villagers' Verse Book. " One of the sweetest and best little publications in the English language." — Lon. Literary Gazette. ■■ Since the time of I)r. Watts notbinp has been published at once so simple and so useful.'" — L(m. Sjyirit of the Aye. A Sermon, 1804. Ten Parochial Sermons, 1814, 8vo. The Plain Bible, and the Protestant Church in England, 1818, Svo. A Voice from St. Peter's and St. Paul's, 1823, 8vo. Paulus Parochialis, 182(5. Svo. Further observa- tions on report Ch. Commis.s., 1837. St. Paul at Athena, 1838. A Final Defence of the Eights of Patronage in Deans and Ch;ipters, 1839. In 1807 Mr. B. edited the works of Alexander Pope, in 10 vols. Svo, for which he received £300. The editor criticized his author, and hence arose an animated controversy. Campbell aud Byron at- tacked the po.-itions of Mr. B., and especi.illy his dogma that ''all images drawn from what is beautiful or sublime in the works of nature, are more beautiful and sublime than any images dr.awn from art; and that they are there- fore per «c more poetical." To this Byron responded, not very poetically, that "a ship in the wind," with all sail set, is a more poetical object than a "hog in the wind," though the hog is all nature, and the ship all art. This was the Jiedtuiio ad absurdtim, indeed: although Bowleg might have rejoined that the supposed porker, however respectable, could hardly be consiciered either "sublime or beautiful." This controversy lasted for many years. In 1825 Bowles published his Final Ajipeal to the Literary Public relative to Pope, elicited l^y Boscoe's edit, of Pope, in 1826, and in 1826 the last gun was fired by Lessons in Criticism to William Roscoe, Ac, F. K. S., in answer to his Letter to the Rev. W. L. Bowles on the Character and Poetry of Pope, Svo. In 1818 he pub. Vindiciaj "Wyke- hamica;, in reply to Mr. Brougham, and addressed Two Letters to him when he became Lord Chancellor, on the Position and Incomes of the Cathedral Clergy. In 1826 he pub. The Parochial History of Bremhill, and in 1S30- 31, The Life of Thomas Ken, D.D. The Annals and An- titiuities of Lacock Abbey appeared in 1835. Mr. B. also pub. Letters to Lord Mountcashell and Sir James Mackin- tosh, and had a controversy with the Rev. Edward Duke, in the Gen. Mag., relative to the antiquities of Wiltshire. Mr. Bowles's reputation as a poet is deservedly great. In his Literary Biography, Mr. Coleridge expresses in glowing terms the delight he received from the early peru- sal of Mr. Bowles's sonnets, and the effect which they pro- duced on his own poetry. " We have ourselves heard fi-om Mr. Wordsworth's own lips, that he got possession of the same sonnets [pub. in 1793] one morning wben he was setting out with some friends on a pedestrian tour from London; and that so captivated was he with their beauty, that he retreated into one of the recesses in ■Westminster Bridge, and could not be induced to rejoin his companions till he had finished them." — Lon. Cent. Mag., 1S50. Mr. Southey freely acknowledges his obligations to our author : he tells Bedford, " Mypoetical taste was much meliorated by Bowles." — OcM.1795. " Tliis morning 1 received your St. John in Patmos. I have just read the poem through, and with much pleasure. Yours I should have known it to have been by the sweet and unsophisticated style upon which 1 endeavoured, now almost forty years ago, to form my own." — Southey to Bowtes, Juty 30. Ifi32. '" The sonnets of Bowles may be reckoned among the first fruits of a new era in poetry. They came in an age when a commonplace facility in rhyming on the one hand, and an almost nonsensical affectation in a new school on the other, had lowered the standard so much, that critical judges spoke of English poetry as of some- thing nearly extinct, and "disdained to read what they were sure to disapprove. In these sonnets there was observed a grace of ex- pression, a musical versification, and especially an air of melan- choly tenderness, so congenfal to the poetical temperament, which still, after sixty years of a more propitious period than that which immediately preceded their publication, preserves for their author BOW BOW a highly respectable position among our poets. The subsequent poems of Mr. Bowk-s did not belie the promise of his youth." — Henrv Hallam: Address before the Eoyal iS'.iC'd;/ of Literature. "Breathes not the man with a more poetic tt-mperament than Bowles! Xo woiitler that his 'eyes love all tli^-y lofik nn,' for they possess the sacred ^'ift of beautifyinf^ creatinn by shedding over it the charm of miilaDtholy. . . . His human si-iisililitifS are so fine as to be of themselves poetical; and his poetical aspirations so delicate as to be aUvavs human." — Professor Wilson : Blackwood's Mag.. JS'pt. 1831. *■ Bowles was deficient in the passion and imacrination which command great things, but he was, notwithstandini;, a true poet. He had a fine eye for the beautiful and the true : and, although his enthusiasm was tempered, we never miss a cordial sympathy with whatever is pure, noble, and generous, — for his heart was in the right place." — Moir's Poet. Lit. A Life of Mr. Buwlcs, by a relative aud Alaric Watt-s, has been fur smne time promisefl, (1S5S.) Bowles, W. ]{.. Trans, of Letters from a Portuguese Nuu, LSl)S-12. Trans, of Elizabeth, by M. Cottin, 1S14, Sva Bowles, William. AVorks on Nat. History, Madrid, 1775,4(0; Paris, 177G,Svo; Parma, 1783, 2 vols. 4to. Con. I to Phil. Trails.. 17nr>. ] Bowles, William. The Natural Hist, of Merino , Sheep. Lon.. ISU. 8vo. Bowling, W. K., M.D., b. 1S03, in Virginia. Founder j of, and principal contributor to, the Nashville Jour. Med. j and Surg. | Bowiker, Charles. Artof Angling, Worcester, 1746, ' 12mo. 1 Bowman. Hist., Ac. Con. to Archceol., vol. i. p. 100- 112. 1770. I Bowman, Henry, The Ecclesiastical Architecture | of Great Britain. fn>ni the Conquest to the Reformation, ' by H. Bowman .and James Hadticld, Lon., 1S45, r. 4to. The Churches of the Middle Ages, by H. Bowman aud J. S. Crowthcr. Lon., imp. fl.l., 2 vols.. £10 10«. Sue Ecclesiug. Bowman, Ilildebraad. Travels into Carnovirria, Taupinccra. Olfactnria, and Auditaiite, in New Zealand; in the Island of Bunhommica, and in the Powerful King- dom of Luxo-Volu|»ta, on the Great Southern Continent, Lon., 177S, 8vo. This is an imitation of Gulliver's Travels. Bowman, John E. Introduction to Practical Che- mistry ; 2d ed.. Loii., fp. Svo. Commended by Lon. Athen. Practical Hand-Book to Medical Chemistry; 2ded., fp. Svo. Commended by Lon. Medical Gazette. Bowman, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1762-91. Bowman, William. Sermons, &c., Lon., 1731. Bowman, M illiain, F.R.S., Professor of Physio- logy and Anatomy in King's College, London. Lectures ou Operaticms on the Eye, Lon., Svo. *'A most valuable contribution to opbthalmological science." — Mtd.-Chiriirg. Rev. See alcso Jour. Med. !?ci. Bownd, Nic., D.D. Theolog. treatises. 1604-06. Bowneus, Peter. Pseudo-Medico. Anat., 1624, 4to. Bowrey, Thomas. Dictionary, English and Malayo, Ac, Lon., 17*11, 4tu. Dictionary of the Hudson's Bay Lauguage, 1701. fol. In ISOO, Lon., 4to, was pub. Gram- mar of the Malay Tongue, from Bowrey's Diet., Ac. Bowring, Edgar Alfred. Schiller's Poems com- plete, including ;i.ll his Early Suppressed Pieces, attempted in English, ISol, 12mo. Commended by the Cologne Gaz. Bowring, Sir John, K.C.B., LL.D.. b. 1792, Exeter, Eng., knighted 1S54, has distinguished himself as a philo- loger. poet, political writer, translator, reviewer, member of Parliament, and (appointed 1854) Governor of Hong- , Kong. His publications have been numerous. 1. Speci- mens of the Russian Poets, Lon., 1821-23, 2 vols. 12mo: see Lon. Month. Rev., xcvi., 1S21. 2. Matins and Vespers, with Hymns; 3d ed., 1S41, ISmo; 4th ed., 1S51, 18mo : see Lon. Month. Rev., ci., 1823, and Lon. Chris. Examiner. ' 3. In conjunction with H. S. Van Dyk, Batavian Anthology, , 1S24, 12mo, 4. Ancient Poetry and Iloinauces of Spain, : 1824, p. 8vo. 5. Specimens of the Polish Poets, 1827, 12mo. 6. Servian Popular Poetry, 1S27, 12mo. 7. Poetry of the Magyars, 1830, p. 8vo. 8. Cheskian Anthology; , being a Hist, of the Poet. Lit. of Bohemia, 1832, 12mo. 9. Minor Morals for Young People, 3 Pts., 1834-35-39 : see Lon. Athen. 10. Reports on the Commercial Rela- tions between France and G. Britain, 183.0-36, 2 vols, fob: Bee Lon. Athen. 11. Reports on the Statistics of Tuscany. Ac., 1837. 12. Observations on the Oriental Plague and on Quarantines, Ac, Edin., 1839. 13. First Lessons in Theo- logy; for Children, Lon., 1839. 18mo. 14. Manuscript of the Queen's Court, with other Ancient Bohemian Poems ; trans. 1S43. 15. Decimal Coinage, with Illustrations of Coins, 1854, p. Svo. 16. Decimal System in Numbers, Coins, and Accounts, 1854. cr. 8vo. 17. The Kingdom and People of Siam ; with a Narrative of the Mission to that Country in 1S55, 2 vols. Svo, 1857. "By r&aders of all clas.scs tlie rt^^ol■ll of Sir John Bowring's wan- derings will be perused with satibfact ion. "—ion. Athen., 1857 335, q. V. See also 345, and same periodical, (for a letter on China, then first published,) Nov. 17, 1855. See also Cowring, Cobdeu, and Chiu.a, a Memoir, 1857, p. Svo, pp. 32. In 1825 he became the editor of the Westminst«r Review; and many of the articles in that periodical on political reforms and the principles of free trade are from his pen. He was a disciple of Jeremy Bentham, was hia literary executor, edited his works, 1838, 22 vols. r. 8vo, (see Bkntitam, Jeremv, ante,) aud wrote a sketch of his life. Bowtell, John, D.D. Theol. treatises, 1710-11, 8vo.' Bowyer, George, M.P., D.C.L., an eminent law- writer. 1. Dissert, on the Statutes of the Cities of Italy, Ac, Lon., 1838, Svo. The argument of Farinacio in de- fence of Beatrice Cenci in this volume is a remarkalilo piece of pleading. 2. A Popular Commentary on the Con- stitutional Law of England, 1841, 12mo ; '2d ed.. 1846, r. Svo. This is a collection, with expositions and con- tinuation, of such of Blackstone's Commentaries as pertain to constitutional law. It is an excellent work. 3. Com- mentaries on the Modern Civil Law, 1848, r. Svo. 4. The Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster and the New Hier- archy ; 3d ed., 1850, Svo. 5. Two Readings delivered in the Middle Temple Hall, 1850, Svo. 6. Readings before the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple in 1850 ou Canon Law. 1851, r. Svo. 7. Commentaries on Universal Public Law, 1854, r. Svo. " Mr. Bowj-er has laboriously won his reputation as a profound civilian, a critical canonist, and an imUistrious investigator of foreign and European law. , . . The aiitlior's industry appears to have spread itself over everjwiroviiice of modern and ancient law.'* — Lmi. M. Chronicle, April 15, 1S54. Bowver, Sir George. R. Catholic Question, 1813, Svo. Bowver, R. G. Sermons, 1803, '04, '11. Bowyer, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1734, '35, '37. Bowyer, William, 1699-1777, will long be remem- bered as the most learned English printer of whom we have any account. The names of Stephens, of Aldus, of Bowyer, and such men, may ever be pointed to with com- mendable pride by the superintendent of the type and ma- trice. Bowyer's father and grandfather were printers, so that he may be said to have inherited the noble art. Wil- liam was born in Dogwell Court, White Fryars, London, December 19th. He studied for a time under the cele- brated Ambrose Bonwicke, (7. v.,) and in 1716 was ad- mitted as a sizar at St. John's Ctdlege, Cambridge. He remained here till June, 1722, during which time he ob- tained Roper's exhibition, and wrote in 1719 what he styled Epistola pro Sodalitio a rev. viro F. Roper mihi le- gato. It does not appear that he took his degree of B.A. In 1722 he entered into the printing business as a partner with his father. From this time until bis death Mr. Bow- yer was engaged in superintending his press, and contri- buting to various learned works in the way of correctiona, prefaces, annotations, &c. The learned men of the day found it a great advantage to have in the person of their printer a scholar whose erudition and classical taste could rectify their errors and im]>rnve their lucubrations. A co- pious account of Mr. B.'s editorial labour of this description will be found in that most delightful of books of the class — Nichols's Literary Anecdotes of the ISth Centurv, 9 vols., 181 2-1 5 ; continued as Illcstrations of Literary Historv. 1817-48. 7 vols. The foundation of this work was apamphlet of 52pages, 1778, entitled Biographical Me- moirs of Mr. Bowyer; enlarged to a 4to vol. in 1782; still further enlarged as above. See Nichols, John. A va- luable account of Bowyer will be found, also, in Chalmers's Biog. Diet. In 1763 Mr. Bowyer pub. his celebrated edi- tion of the Greek Testament, 2 vols. 12mo, containing hia Conjectural Emendations. A second edit, of the Emenda- tions was pub. separately in 1772, Svo. under the following title: Conjectures on the New Testament, collected from ' various Authors, as well in regard to Words as Pointing, I with the reasons on which both are founded. A third edit. ' appeared in 1782, 4to, and a fourth in 1812, 4to. The great merits of this work were conceded from the first. ' '' I must not omit to return my thanks for your notes upon tho Greek Tt-stameut, and particularly for the excellent Preface before thfin. They have been of great use to me and others on several occasions, and I wish we had more such collections by equally able hands." — Archdeacon Blaceburne, in 1766; the celebrated author of the Confessional, v. the name. " I would also recommend a look into a Greek Testament lately published by Mr. Bowyer, a printer, whose erudition not only sets him on a par with the best stholars among the early printers, but would do credit f^ persons of hi.L'h rank even in the learned pro- fessions." — Twn Crammafico} Essai/s. cfic., 17'J9. j " This Work cannot but be acceptable to every Critical Header 229 BOX of the New Testament, as it is tlie best Collection of Conjectural Emendations whicli has yet appeared." — Lan. Critical Review. " The reader will here meet with much sound criticism, and many instances of the importance of true punctuation, which Mr. Bowyer considered of more importance than all the various read- ings'put together.''— Bishop Watsom. " A book which on^ht to bo read by every scholar and evei-y rational Chri-stian."— Dr. Pabr. But the British Critic does not coincide with Dr. Parr, altogether : " Bowyer's work is for the learned only ; and for those among the learned who can discriminate and judge for themselves. Con- jectures on the sacred text are, at liest. extremely hazardous; hence it is that the work, though \alualili-. can deserve only a partial recommendation."— Bri(. Crilir, prrf to vol. vi. For a Re- view of the 4th edit., see Brit. Cntic, 0. S. xi. .507 ; for Reviews of former edits., see Monthly lieview, 0. S.. xlvi. l>7. " As conjectures, the best that can be said of them is, that they are often ingenious. The alterations in the pointing are not, pro- perly, conjectural, and therefore may be more safely trusted."— Orm'e. Bishop Marsh remarks that " Tn the Greek Testament our me.ans of correction from mithor- ity are so ample, that conjecture is unne.-ess:iry ; and, if unneces- sary it is injurious, especially in a work, where, if the words might be altered from conjecture, a door would be opened to every species of corruption." The same eminent authority gives Mr. Bowyer full credit for his scholarship : " Bowyer's Conjectures are of real value." We should mention that the writers from whom the se- lection is principally made, besides Bowyer himself, are Bishop Barrington, Mr. Marklauil, Professor Schultz, Mi- chaelis. Dr. Henry Owen, Dr. Woide, Dr. Gosset, and Ste- phen Weston. In 177i appeared Mr. Bowyer's Origin of Printing, m two essays; 1. The Substance of Dr. Muldlcton's Disser- tation on the Origin of Printing in England. 2. Jlr. Mcer- man's Account of the Invention of tlio Art at Ilaiirlem, and its progress to Meutz ; with occasional I'.cmarks, and an Appendix. In this work Mr. B. was assisted by Dr. Ilenry Owen, and Cffisar de Missy ; 2d edit, enlarged, 1776, 8to ; with a Supplement by John Nichols, 1781, 8vo. This publication, which appeared anonymously, was soon known to be Mr. Bowyer's, and was received with great favour. "The periodical loiblicatiuns of the Continent joined those of England in its coniiiiriul;ition." •• lie has interspcrM-d. through the whole piece, a number of va- luable notes, which will greatly increase the general stock of know- ledge upon the subject." — ^Dr. Kipps : MontJdy Rev. and Biog. Brit. "Mr. Bowyer's learning and particular knowledge in his profes- sion qu.alify'him for being at least as good a judge of the dispute as any man that ever lived."— Sir James Burrow : Literary rroperli/. ilis trans, of Select Discourses from Michaelis, 12mo, was pub. in 1773. This vol. has become very scarce. See Home's Introduc. to the Scriptures. In 1785 Mr. Nichols (Mr. B.'s friend and partner) pub. Miscellaneous Tracts, by Mr. Bowyer and several of his learned friends, 4to, and we have already referred the reader to that rich storehouse of literary treasures, Nichols's Lite- rary Anecdotes. It may well be supposed that the amiable character aud remarkabie erudition of Mr. Bowyer gathered around him a host of devoted friends. We venture the assertion that no man in any age ever had a larger circle of distinguished literary acquaintances. Among these may be mentioned, Archbishop Seeker, Bishops Warbur- ton', Kennett, Tanner, Sherlock, Hoadly, Lyttleton, Pearco, Lowth, Barrington, Hurd, Percy, Earl of Macclesfield, Earl of Marchmont, Lord Lyttelton, Lord Sandys, Alex- ander Pope. Dr. Wotton. Rt. Hon. Arthur Onslow, ChishuU, Clarke, Markl.and, ILillis, De Missy, Mattaire, R. Gale, S. Gale, Browne, Willis, Spelman, Miu-ant, David Garrick, Dean Prideaux, Dean Freind, Dean Milles, Dr. Robert Freind, Dr. John Freind, Dr. Taylor, Dr. Barnard, Dr. Powell, Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Ducarel, Dr. Pcgge, Dr. Salter, Dr. Owen, Dr. Ileberden, and many others. Sec Chalmers's Biog. Diet. '■ For more than half a century he stood unriv.alled as a learned printer: and some of the most masterly productions of this king- dom have been described as appearing from his press. ... To his literary and professional abilities he added an excellent Moral I 'ha- racter. His regard to Keligion was dispKayed in his Publications, and in the course of his Life and Studies; and he was particularly distinguished by his inflexible probity, and an uncommon alacrity in relieving the necessitous. Ilis liberality in relieving every spe- cies of distress, and his endeavours to conceal his benefactions, refiect great honour on his memory." — Nichoh's Lit. ^hci;., vol. iii. Box, G. National Debt of G. Britain, 1785, 8vo. Boycatt, W. Ser. on the It. Catholic Question. 1808. Boyce, Samuel. A New Pantheon, 1762, 4to. Poeti- lal works. 1757. '7.'i. *85. Boyce, Thomas. Harold; a Tragedy, 1785, 4to. Boyce, William. Belgian Tr.aveller, 1S15. Svo. " We are persuaded that any person who is meditating a trip to BOY nolkand and the Netherlands, will find his account in putting this Belr-i"-u Traveller into his pocket."— ion. MmtJili/ Revttw. The Second Usurpation ; a Hist, of the Revolution in France, 1816, 2 vols. Svo. Boyce, William, 1710-1779, an eminent English mu- sician, pull., with the assistance of Drs. Hayes and Howard, three volumes of Cathedral Music, being a collection in score of the most valuable compr.sitioiis for that service by the several English masters of the preceding two centuries. •■ Dr Boyce was one of the few of om- church composers who neither pilla-ed nor servilely imitated Handel. There is an original and sterling merit in his productions, founded as much on the studv of our own old masters, as on the best models of other coun- tries' that gives to all his works a peculiar stamp and chaiacter of his own, for strength, clearness, and flicility, without any mixture of styles or extraneous and heterogeneous ornaments. tee Lhal- mers's Biog. Diet., and Burney's Hist, of Music, vol. in. Anthems, Don., 178S, fob; with portrait by Sherwin. Boyd, Andrew. See Bonifs. Boyd, Archibald, Curate of Londonderry. Doctrines of Eu'dand, Hemic, amf Oxford Compared, Svo. Episco- pacy and Presbytery, .'^vo. Letters on Episcopacy. Ac, 8vo. The Christian instructor commends an answer (pub. 1843) to Boyd's positions with respect to Episcopacy, A masterpiece of its kind, reminding one of the might and mastery of a learned age." , ™, . , . . Sermons on the Church. Strengthen the Things which Remain ; a Sermon. •• Origin:d in its conception, vigorous and eloquent in expres- sion." — Bi-itanina. , „. , „ t, ^a- Boyd, E. A Thanksgiving on the Victory of Dettin- gen. Lon., 1743, 4to. „ , t ^ r Boyd, Henry, d. 1832. Trans, of the Inferno of DanfcLon., 1785,2 vols. 12rao. Poems, 1706, 8to. Trans, of the Divina Commedia of Dante, 1802, 3 vols. Svo. The Penance of Hugo : from the Italian, 1805, Svo. The Wood- man's Tale, Ac, 1805, Svo. " \ very agreeable collection, and will add considerably to Mr. Boyd's literary lame."— BW(. Ci-ilic : and see Anti-Jacobin. The Triumph of Petrarch ; a trans., 1807. Svo. Boyd, Hugh, or Hugh Macauley, 1746-1791, was educated at Trinity College. The Indian Observer, and some Miscellaneous Works, with an Account of his Life and Writings, l)y L. D. Campbell, Lon., 179.8, 1800, 2 vols. Svo. Boyd wrote in Ireland a political periodical paper called The Freeholder, 1772; he confriljuted an Introduc- tion to Lord Chatham's Speeches, and The Whig to the London Courant, pub. by Almon. The Indian Observer, reprinted with other papers, as above, was originally pub. at Madras. Mr. Campbell pub. the above edition of his works to prove Boyd's identity witli Junius, an assertion said to hare been first made by Almon. ■■ Boyd wrote iifter Junius, and. like most political writers, aims at his 'style: and'the only conclusion which his friends liavearrived at amounts to this .absurdity. th;it an imitator must be an original writer; and even this iu the case of Mr. Boyd is peculiarly unfoi^ tunate, for his imitations are among the most feeble th.at have ever been attempted." ., t^ ,./.,,, » See also another advocate for Mr. Boyd m Chalmers s Appendix to the Supplemental Apology, Ac, 1800. " By comparing Junius with the other writings of M'Auley Boyd, we see the s;ime characteristicks in all: the elegance and energy, the same inaccuracy and inexperience: the same topii-ks and im- agery and expressions; the same turbulence; and even m his Ob- server niav be traced . , "■The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition. Boyd, Hugh Stuart, Select Passages of the Writ- ings of St. Clirysostom, St. Gregory Nanianzen, and St. Basil, trans, from the Greek. 1806, r. Svo. Reviewed in Edin. Rev. xxiv. 58-72. A Selection from the Poems and Writings of Gregory Nazi.anzen. 1814, Svo. On Cosmogo- ny, Phil. Mag., 1817. Reflections on the Atoning Sacri- fice of Jesus Christ, 1817, Svo. The Fathers not Papists, with discourses and other extracts from tlicir writings; a new edit., considerably enlarged. Lon.. 1834, Svo. For a notice of Mr. Boyd's translations, sec Brit, Critic, Oct. 1834. Boyd, Janies. Adam's Roman Antifiuities; with 100 illustrations. •• ^Ve bestow the unqualified praise which it merits on the edition before us."— /1h///» rnirrriiilii Mag. •' In references and annotations the editor has bestowed immense pains. The pagi-s are literally crammed. Jlany of the lengthened notes descriptive of ancient customs are most valuable."— Turt's jPotter's Antiquities of Greece, with a sketch of the Lite- rature of Greece, by Sir D. K. Sandford ; with 150 Illus- trations. '■ Valu.able improvements have been introduced into this edition. —.Al„-r:lr,'n J:in;n,l. Boyd, Rev. James R., b. 1804, in the State of N. York, Prof. Moral Philosopliy. and College Preacher at Hamilton Coll. Elements of 'Rhetoric and Literary Criti- cism. Ecloctie Moral Philosophy. Westminster Shorter BOY BOY Catechism, with Scriptural proofs, Ac. Karnes's Elements of Criticism, with additions, &,c. Prof. Boyd has rendered valuable service to polite litera- ture in editing, with biographical notices, judicious critical obscrvartuiia and explanatory notes for the use of schools and colleges — Milton's Paradise Lost, Young's Night Thoughts, Thomson's Seasons, Cowper's Task and other Poems, and PuUuk's Course of Time. Boyd, Jolm P., of Boston, d, 1830, aged 62, pub. Documents and Facts relative to Military Events during the lato War. ISUJ. ISoyd, Mark Alexantler, d. IfiOl, aged about 3S years, was a son of Hubert Buyd of Pinklll. in Ayrshire, Scotland, and a nephew of James Buyd, Archbishop of Glasguw. He was for some time a soldier in France, but devoted much of his leisure to the study of the Hobrew, Greek, and Latin, and the Civil Law, and became one of the best scholars of his day. Epistolic Heroidum etilymni, p. 142. luter Poet. Scot. Dclit., Amst., 1637, Svo. lie had an avorsiou to publication, and left a number of works in MS. He traus. Caesar's Commentaries into Greek, and could write, dictate, and converse in that language with copiousness and elegance. "His bioj^rapber (luestions whether any of the ancients have excelled bim in ele;;iac poetry, and is positive that uoue of the Latins have equalk^d bis hymns." To the same effect speaks Olaus Eorrichius: "In Marco Alexandre Bodio, Scoto. redivivum spectamus Naso- Aem; ea est in ejusdem Epistolis Ilerodium, lux, candor, Uexteri- tas." — Dissert/ilioii^s Acackmicfe de Poetis. See Sketch of the Life of Boyd, by Lord Hailes, 1783, Svo. lioyil) Robert, 1578-1627, a Scotch divine, descended from Rul)ert Boyd, Earl of Arran, was educated at the Uni- versity uf Ediiiliurgh. He became Professor of Philosophy at Mo'ntauban in France, Professor at Saumur, 1608, Pro- fessor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow, 1615. Proeleetiones in Epistolam ad Ephesios, Lon., 1652, fob; Geneva, 1662. "An English translation of tbJs work was made, if I mistake not, by the author's son, and published in 4to. It is not strictly of an expository nature. It enteis largely into doctrinal, practi- cal, and controversial subjects." — Orme. " Uis Prwleetiones contain some good critical remarks, as well as many elocjuent passages, and it is to be regretted that be should have rendered the work heavy and repulsive, by indulginj;, ac- cording to a practice theu common among the continental com- mentators, in long digressions, for the sake of illustrating general doctrines and determining the controversies of the times." — Dr. McCrie: Lifp of Mfhnlle. Boyd, Robert. Legal Treatise.^i, Edin., 1779, '87. Boyd, Walter. Essays on Polit. Economy, Lou., 1801. 'Oo. 8vo. Boyd, Sir William, A.M., M.D., b. 1812, Ayrshire, Scotland. Hist, of Literature. Lon., 4 vols. Svo : see Athen., and Lit. Gaz. Lects. on Auc. and Mod. Lit., Art, (tc, 12mo. Boyd, or Boyde, Zaehary* The Battle of Soul in Death, Edin., liU'.i, 8vo. Oratio. Ac. 1G3.3, 4to. Crosses, Comforts, Counsels, &c.. Glasf^., 1613, Svo. The Garden of Zion, Glasj;., 2 vols. Svo, 1644. Two Oriental Pearls, Grace and Glory, Edin., 1718, 12mo. This j;oud man turned the Bilile into rhyme in the vulvar dialect of the country, to be pub. and circuhited for the benefit of the common people ; and for thi.s purpose he intrusted a large sum to the University of Glasgow. His executors, how- ever, never pub. the MSS., deeming it inexpedient to cir- culate this poetical version. Boyde, H, Voyage to Barbary, Lon., 1736, Svo. Boydell, James. Works on Gauging, &c., Lon,, 176-1. "84. Svo. Boydell, James. Treatise on Landed Property, 1849, r. Svu. Boydell, John. Sermon on Ps. ci., 1727, Svo. Boydell, John. See Shakspeare. Boydell, Josiah. Improvement of the Arts and Sciences. ISOo. Boyer, Abel, 1667-1729, though a native of Lan- guedoe. was a resident of England from 1689. His French and English Dictionary, pub. Lon., 1699, fob, is still well known ; but he compiled some English works, which prin- cipally claim our notice. Political State of Great Britain from 1711 to 1729; continued to 1740, making 60 vols. Svo. This contains the history of ecclesiastical and civil parties and affairs, with abstracts from pamphlets, &q. re- lating to Great Britain and the Continent. Annals of the Reign of Queen Anne, 1703-13, 11 vols. Svo. History of Queen Anne, 1735, fob " A very good rhmnicle of this period of English Ilistnrv." History of William 111., 1702. 3 vols. Svo. Life" of Sir "William Temple. 1714, Svo. Other works, "llis publications are more useful now lliau when published, as they contain many state papers, memorials, Ac, which it would be difficult to find elsewhere." Swift speaks of him contemptuously on account of his political predilections, and Pope honours him by a place in The Dunciad. Boyers, D. The Builder*s Companion, 1S07, Svo. Boyes, J. F. Parallel Illustrations of the Tragedies of ^ischylus and Sophocles, Lon., Svo. "To use the l.intrujiire of Cicero, be has rendered those studies which uurtuivd lni\huod. delightful to age." — Lon. ACfintcium. "One nf th-' nil -si pleasint; classical works that we have lately read."— Z/.». <:r>il. M-uj. Boyle, Charles, fourth Eax-1 of Orrery, grandson of the " Great Earl of Cork," 1676-1731, was the second son of Roger, second Earl of Orrery, by Lady JIary Sackville, daughter to Richard. Earl of Dorset and Middlesex. At 15 ho entered a nobleman at Christ Church, Oxford. His talents were so marked that I>r. Aldrich, in conii>leting at his request the e Veritnfe for circulation in the Levant, and contributed largely to the Society for Propagating the Gospel in New England. When we add to these proofs of zeal the establi,shment of the Boyle Lecture, " designed to prove the truth of the Christian Religion among Infi- dels," we have given sufficient evidence of the existence of a faith proved by works of the most beneficent cha- racter. Whilst at Stalbridge, 1646-50, Boyle was one of a so- ciety of learned men, termed by him, The Invisible Col- lege; this was the germ of The Royal Society, which waa incorporated in 1663. In 1680 Boyle was elected to the Presidency, but declined the honour. His publications were very numerous. His New Experiments, physico-me- chanical, touching the spring of the Air and its effects, were pub., Oxford, 1660, 8vo. In a second edit., pub, in 1662, he answered the objections of Linus and Hobbes, A 3d edit, appeared in 1682. Seraphic Love, 1660, Svo; finished in 1648: this has been translated into Latin. Certain Physiological Essays and other tracts, 1661, 4to; with additions, 1669, 4to. Skeptical Chemist, 1662, Svo; again, 1679, Svo. Cnnsidenations touching the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy, 1663, 4to; again, 1664. Experiments and Considerations upon Colours, 1663, Svo. Traus. into Latin. Considerations upon the Style uf the Holy Scriptures. 1663, Svo; trans, into Latin, Oxf., 1665. Occasional Reflections upon several subjects, 1665, Svo; 1*669, Svo. New Experiments and Observa- tions upon Cold, 1665, Svo; 1683, 4to. Hydrostatical Paradoxes, Ac, 1666. Svo; in Latin, Oxf., 1669, 12mo. Among his other publications (.^ee list in Bibl. Brit.) were, A Continuation of the Experiments on Air. A Discourse of Absolute Rest in Boflie.^'. An Invention to Estimate the Weight of Water. A Discourse of Things above Rea- son. A F'ree Inquiry into the Vulgarly received Notion of Nature. A Free Discourse against Customary Swear- ing. Considerations about the Recuncilableness of Reason and Religion. On the high Veneration Man's Intellect owes to God, peculiarly for his Wisdom aud Power. Dr. Birch pub. a collection of his works, in 5 vols, fob, Lon., 1744. Another edition was pub., Lon., 1772, 6 vols. 4to. Philosophical Works abridged, Lon., 1725, 3 vols. 4to. An incomplete edition of his works was pub. in Latin at Geneva in 1676, 4to. Opera varia, Genev., 1680, 4to; again in 1704. Theological Works epitomized by Richard Boulton, Lon., 1699, 4 vols. 8vo; 1715, 3 vols. Svo. The Sermons delivered at the Boyle Lecture, 1691-1732, with ' the additions and amendments of the several authors, were pub., Lon., 1739, 3 vols, fob; an abridgment of the Ser- mons preached at the Boyle Lecture in 4 vols. Svo, by Rev. Gilbert Burnet, Lon., 1737. Consult Booksellers' catalogues for a list of those printed separately: and see Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi., for the names of the jneacbers to 1810, aud a list to 1846-47 in Darling's Cjc. Bibliographica. "If all other defences of religion were lost, there is solid rea- soning enough in these volumes to remove the scruples of most unbelievers." — Ilisnop Watson. "For much important matter on the province of reason in judg- ing of revelation, I would earnestly recommend the theological writings of the Hon. Mr. Boyle. No man had more thoroughly ! considered the extent and limits of the human understanding; ' none, perhaps, ever combined more perfectly the characters of the I philosopher and the theologian." — Bishop Vax Mildert. We should not omit to mention that Lord Clarendon urged Mr. Boyle to enter into holy orders, but remember- ing that " no man taketh this honour unto himself," and not feeling " inwardly moved" to assume " this Oflice and Ministration," he remained in the ranks of the hiity. Yet religion was ever with him the '* primum mobile:" thus honouring God, God forgot not his promise, and highly exalted hi.s servant; for to liim was given, in a larger mea- sure than often pertaineth to the sons of men, understand- ing, and wisdom, and durable riches. His tried friend, Bishop Burnet, chose most appropriately as the text for , his funeral discourse, '* Fur God giveth to a man that is BOY BOY good in his slj^ht, wisdom, knowledge, and joy." (Eccles. xi. 26.) It has been truly said that '■The works of Boyle discover the solid learning and great aruUmess of the philosopher, blended with all that veneration for God. and love to His revealed will, which so eminently charactei^ ^ed him as a Christian." The value of his contributions to the cause of science, to the province of Natural Philosophy especially, cannot be too highly esteemed. More than two-thirds of his works are comjiosed of the results of his investigations in Pneumatics, Chemistry, Medicine, and kindred sub- jects. The philosophers of the 'day and of succeeding times acknowledge their obligatiuns to Boyle in the strongest terms. What a splendid eulogy is that of the great Boerhaave ! '• Mr. Boyle, the ornament of his age and country, succeeded to the Keiiiusand enquiries of the trreat Chancellor Verulam. Which of all Mr. Boyle"s writings shall I recommend? All of them! To him we owe the secrets of fire, air, water, animals, veiietables, fossils : so that from his works may be deduced the whole system of natural knowledge." It has been remarked with reference to the fact that Boyle was born in the same year in which Bacon died : "Sol occubuit; nox nulla secuta est." " For the history of nature, ancient and modern, of the produc- tions of all countries, of the virtues and improvements of plants, of ores, and minerals, and all the varieties that are in them in different climates, he was by much, by very much, the readiest and perfectest I ever knew, in the greatest compass, and with the nicest exactness."' — Bishop Bubxet, See Sir Isaac Newton's letter to Oldenberg, respecting some of Boyle's experiments, communicated to the Boyal Society, pub. in Phil. Trans., 1675. " As a philosopher he conferred advantages on Science which place him in the same rank with Bacon and Newton. When he began his experiments, the inquiiies to which he devoted biuiself had scarcely carried the students of nature to the thresh'ild of her sanctuary. The most unwarranted suppositions were allowed to hold the place of facts, and reasoning was canied on with but rare appeals to any but a mere empirica,l experience. Aristotle had still his ardent admirers on the one side, and on the other. Des- cai'tes was dazzliug, as well as aweii»g, the minds of men into the belief that Nature had unveiled herself to his bold and subtle gaze." — Cunninghams Biog. History. But Boyle and his associates inherited the inductive system which Bacon had left as a legacy to the world, and to what a noble end did they apply their patrimony ! *' To Boyle the world is indebted, besides some very acute re- marks ami many tine illustrations of his own upon metaphysical questions of the highest moment, for the philosophical arguments in defence of religion, which have added so much lustre to the names of Derham and Beutley ; and, £ir above both, to that of Clarke. ... I do not recollect to have seen it anywhere noticed, that some of the most striking and beautiful instances of design in the order of the material world, which occur ia the sermons preached at Boyle's Lecture, are borrowed fi-om the works of the founder.''— i)ii/7«?d Siavart. Diss. 1st. Enci/d. Brit. See Bird's Life of Boyle; Biog. Brit.: Thomsons llist. of Royal Society. Boyle, Captain Robert. Voyages and Adventures in several Parts of the World, Lon., 1728, Svo. This fic- titious narrative, written by Benj. Victor, (q. v.,) has been frequently reprinted. Boyle, Roger, 1621-1679. Bamn Broghill. Earl of Orrery, and Hfih son of the " Great Earl nf Cork." was a native of Ireland, and educated at the College of Dublin. The Irish Colours Displayed. Lon., 1622. 4to. Answer to a Letter of Peter Walsh's, 1662. 4to. Poem on the Death of Cowley, 1657. fol. Hist, of Henry V. ; a Tragedy. 1688, fol. Mustapha; a Trag.. 1667. fol. The Black Prince; a Trag.. 1672, fol. Triph.m ; a Trag.. 1672, fol. These four plays were collected and pub. in 1690, and compose the 1st vol. of the earl's dramatic works. Parthenissa, a Ro- mance, 3 vols. 4to, 1665. A Dream. Treatise upon the Art of War, 1677, fol. '■ Commended by many expert captains for the test piece extant in English." — Antuony Wood. Poems on the Fasts and the Festivals of the Church. His Posthum. works are, Mr. Anthony ; a Comedy, 1692. Guzman ; a Comedy, 1692. Herod the Great; a Tragedy, 169.3. Altemira; a Tragedy, produced 1702. State Let- ters, pub. 1742. fol. '• Vie)! worthy the notice of the reader." — Granger. '■ A man who never made a bad figure but as an author The sensible author of a vei-y curious life of this lord, in the Bio- praphia. seems to be as bad a judge of poetry as his lordship, nr Cicero, when he says that his writings are never ' flat and tilvial.' \Vhatdoes he think of a hundred such lines as these? " ' When to the wars of Aquitaine I went, I HKide a friendship with the Karl of Kent.' The Blade Prince, act v. " One might as well find the sublime, or the modest, or the har- monious, in this line : " ' fortunatam natani me consule Rom.am ! * " Horace W_u-Pole: R. d- N. AiUfu/rs. Hia treatment of his domestics and dependants com- mends itself to all who would discharge a necessary duty. "He frequently observed that the meanest of them had a soul to be saved as well as himself: anf that which thev do give forth for law is now antiquated and abolished. Their booka are mt'niu)if)itub[icatiou of Tillotson's Works. Bradford, Samuel Dexter, ol West Roxbury, Mass. His writings, collected by himself, were printed for private circulation. The opening article was composed in 1813 ; the last contribution was written in 1855. Bost., 1858, pp. 427. Bradford, William, 15SS-1657, second governor of Plyinoulh Colony, wrote a history of the Plymouth peoi)lo and colony, 1602-47, left in MS, Bost., 1856, Svo. '• Morton's memorial is an abridgment of it. Prince and Hutch- inson had the use of it." A fragment from his MS. book of copies of letters rela- tive to the affairs of the colony has been pub. by the Maa- Bnchusetts Historical Society. " To which is sul>ioiued a description and historical account of New England in Verse." He also pub. some theological pieces. Bradford, William. Sketches of Portugal and Spain. Lon., ISOl), ful. Bradford, William. Sermon, Lon., 1,84.3, Svo. Bradford, William, 175.5-1795, Attornoy-general of the United Stiites, was a native of Philadelphia. He pub. An Bu'iuiry how far the Punishment of Death is ne- cessary in Pennsylvania, with an Account of the Peniten- tiary House of Phil.ideli.hia, by Caleb Lownes, 1705, Svo. This work was written at the request of Governor Mifflin. Mr. Bradford was in early life a poetical contributor to the Phila,dcl]>hia inngaziues. Bradley. Present for Cajsar against Tithes, Svo. Bradley, C. Educational works, 1800-16. Bradley, Charles, Vicar of Glastonbury, Perp. Curate of ."^t. .linnes's, (_'laphara. Sermons preached in the Parish Church of High Wycombe, Lon., 1819, Svo. Parochial Sermons, Lon.. 1827, Svo. Sermons preached in St. James's Chapel, Clapham, Surrey ; 2d ed., Lon., 1832, Svo. Sermons preached chiefly at the Celebration of the Lord's Supper; 2d ed., Lon., 1S43, Svo. Prac- tical Sermons for Every Sunday and Principal Holy Bay in the Year; 3d edit.," Lon.. 184S. 2 vols. Svo. Some of the vols, have gone through many editions. " Bradley's style is sententious, pithy, and colloquial. lie is simple, without being quaint, and he almost holds conversatiou with his hearers without descending from the dignity of the sa- cred iliair," — [,i>nnblicatiou." — Dr. Piiltenet. APhilosophical Account of the Works of Nature, 1721,4to. "This was a popular, instructive, and entertaining work, and continued in repute sever.al years." — Nichols's LiUnirt/ Anecdotes, The same m.ay bo said of his General Treatise of Hus- bandry and Gardening, 2 vols. Svo, 1726, and of his Prac- tical Discourses concerning the four Elements as they re- late to the growth of Plants, Svo, 1727. Dictionarium Botanicum, 2 vols. Svo, 1728. Ilr. Pultoney thinks that this was the first attempt of the kind in English. For a list of Bradley's works, with comments thereou, sec Ni- chols's Literary Anecdotes, voL i. 446; and consult Do- naldson's Agricult. Biog. "Though Bradley's writings do not abound in new discoveries, yet they are not destitute of interesting knowledge, collected from coutempoi-ary gardeners and from books. lie was an advocate for the circulation of the sap, and made several new oliservalinns on tile sexes of jiiants. in consequence nf the production of hybrid species, by wlii li he added strength to that doctrine." — Dr. Pal- Uyw/s IlUt.itnd Biog. Sketches, vol. ii. Bradley, S. A Sermon on Selfishness, ISOS. Bradley, Samuel. Cause of the Innocent, 1664, 4to. Bradley, Stephen R., of Connecticut, d. 1830, aged 76. He pub. Vermont's Ajiiteal, 1779, which has been sometimes ascribed to Ira Allen. Bradley, Thomas. Sermon.s, 1650-70, 4to. Bradley, Thomas, D.D. Sermons, 1661-67, 4to. Bradley, Thomas, M.D., d. 1813, aged 62. A New Medical Dictionary, Lon., 1803, I2mo. Con. to Med. Phys. Jour.; Jlcmoirs Med., Ac. 179.5-1813. Bradley, William H., of Rbo.le Isl.and, d. 1825. He pub. Giuscppino, 1822, and many fujjitivo pieces of poetry. BRA Bradly, John. Elomonts of Geofrraphy, 1813. Bradiiev, Joseph. Art of tbc Apolliecary, 1796, 8vo. Biilliun and Banks, 1810, 8vo. Ancient Layman, 1812. Sv.i. Brailshaigh, Thomas. Sermons, 1715, '20, '47. IJradshaw. Treatise on Wools. 1754, 8vo. Bradshaw, Henry, an early English poet, d. 151.3, entered wiiilst a boy into the Benedictine monastery of St. Werberg, in Chester, his native city. Ho studied at Gloucester, now Worcester, College, in the suburbs of O.'C- ford. and after a course of theology " II.' returned to his cell at St. Werberg. and in his elder years wrote Do Anliijuitate & Maguificentia Urbia Cestrin!; Chrouicon, ic." — so necessary, even to the most devout, is reguliir labour. He trans, from the Latin The Holy Lyfe and History of Saynt Werburge, very frutefuU for all Christen People to rede. Imprinted by'Richard Pynson, 1521, 4to ; sup- posed to hiive been trans, aulc 1500. See an interesting account of this volume in Dilidiu's Typog. Antiq. vol. ii. 491. It is a volume of great rarity. Sold in the Wood- house sale for £31 10«. ; priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet. £63; resold by Saunders in 1818 for £42. Lyfe of Saynt Radegunde. Impr. by Richard Pynson, 4to. *• AlthoU'.rh the name of the author or translator of thisbook do.'s not directly appear upon the face of it. yet on comparinc it wilh the life of St. ITerburge. it m.ay readily be perceived that both wore penned by the same person, Henry Br.adshaw, but hitherto omitted in every list of his works."— flfrficrCs Tj/ixig. Antirj. Sold at the Woodhouse sale, 1803, for £17 178. " Henry Br-adshaw has rather larger pretensions Ut poetical fame than Williani of Nassington. although scarcely deserving the n.ame of an original writer in any respect. . . . Bale, a violent reformer, observes, that our poet was a peison reniarli.ably pious for the times in which he flourished. This is an indirect satire on the monks, and on the period which preceded the Refjrmatiou. I be- lieve it will readily he granted, that our author had more piety than poetry."— Ii;/;(nns llisl.of Eng. Poetry. But nndi riUrnaii pailcin ; '• It is presumed from the specimen of Bradshaw's poetry above selected, that bis name will stand among the foremost in the list of those of the period wherein he wrote. Ilis descriptions are oftentimes happy, as well as minute; and there is a tone of moral purity and rational piety in his thoughts, enriched by the legend- ary lore of romance, that renders many pass.a':res of his poem [f^iiynt Werhurgel exceedingly iuterestiug."— DtWm's Tiip. Antiq.. vol! ii. 4'Jl. See also Wood's Athen, Oxon., by Bliss, i. 13-19, and Sava',re's Librarian, ii, 7-^-70. Bradshaw, James, d. 1702. aged 67, a Noncon- formist divine, educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. The Sleepy Spouse of Christ alarmed, Lon,, 1677, 8vo. The Trial and Triumph of Faith. Bradshaw, John. Nature and Obligation of Oaths, Lon,, 16H2. 4to. Concerning Tenderness of Conscience, Lon., 4to. Bradshaw, Hon. Mary Ann Cavendish. Me- moirs of the Countess d'Alva, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808. Ferdi- nand and Ordella, 2 vols. 12mo, 1810. Bradshaw, Sergeant. Heroic Epistle to John Dunning. Esq., 178(1, 4to. llradshaw, Thomas. The Shepherd's Starre, Now of late scene, and at this bower to be observed merueilous orient in the East : which bringeth glad tyding.s to all that may behold her brightness, tiauing the foure elements with the foure Capital! vertues in her, which makes her Elementall and a vanquisher of all earthly humors. De- scribed by a Gentleman late of the Right worthie and honorable the Lord Burgh, his companie and retinue in the Briell in NorthhoUand. London, printed by Il(d)ert Ridiinson, 1691, 4to, pp. 00. Priced in Bild. Anglo-Poet. £30 ; resold by Saunders, in 1S18, for £10 10,!. ! BradshaAV, William, 1571-1618, an eminent Puri- tan divine, admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge, 1589; minister of Chatham, Kent, 1601; subsequently lecturer of Christ Church, Newgate Street, London. Eng- lish Puritanism, 1605. " This is valuable, as showing the difference between the princi- ples of the ancient and modern Nonconformists, Ne.al has given an .abstract of it. and Dr. Ames translated it into Latin," Treatise of Justification, Lon., 1615, 8vo. The same in Latin, Leyd., 1618, 12mo ; Oxon., 165S, 8vo. Other works. '• lie was of a strong brain and of a free spirit, not suffering himself for .small differen.-'S ,,f judgment to be alienated from his friends, to whom, notwitlisfandinL' his seeming austerity, he was very pleasing in conversatiun, being full of witty and harmless url-aiiitv,'' — Bishop Hm.i.. Bradshaw, William, D,D., Bishop of Bristol, 1724, d. 1732. aged CI). Two Sermons. 1714, '47, 8vo. IJradstreet, Anne, 1613-1672, daughter of Thomas Dudley, Governor of Mass,achusetts, was a native of Northampton, England. At the ago of 16 she married Simon Bradstreet, and accompanied him to America in 1630. Her husband became Governor of Massachusetts in 1080. Among the descendants of Mrs. Bradstreet who 236 BRA have risen to distinction, is RirHAUD H. Dana. (7. v..) the ivoU-known American author. The first collection of Mrs. Bradsfreet's poems was pub. in 1640, under the title of Several Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and Learning, full of delight; wherein especially is contained a compleat Discourse and Description of the Four Ele- ments, Ciuistifuti'ins, Ages of Man, and Seasons of the Year, togctlicr with an exact Epitome of the Three First Monarchies, viz. : The As.syrian, Persian, and Grecian ; and the beginning of the Roman Commonwealth to the end of their last King, with divers other Pleasant .and Serious Poems : by a Gentlewoman of New England. This voh Wiis reprinted in London with the " Tenth Muse, lately sprung up in America," prefixed to the title. A second American edition, from the press of John Foster, Boston, in 1678: *' Corrected by the author, and enbarged by the addition of several other poems found among her papers after her death." Mrs. Bradsfreet's poems bear evidence of an intimate acquaintance with, and great admiration of, " Great Bartas' sugared lines." Sylvester's trans, of the Divine Weeks of Du Bartas had introduced this poet to a largo circle of English admirers. Mrs. Bradstreet thus expresses her admiration of the Soldier-Poet : " But when my wandering eyes and envious heart Great Bartas' sugared lines do but read o'er. Fool ! I do grudge the muses did not part 'Twixt him and me their over-fluent store. A Bartas can do what a Bartas will — But simple I. according to my skill." Nathaniel Ward, the author of The Simple Cobbler of Agawam, would have us to nnderst.and that, whatever might be Mrs. Bradstreet's opinion in the jiremises, yet Apollo was not by any means satisfied of the unquestion- able precedence of Du Bartas : '■ Mercury showed .\pollo Bartas' book, Minerv.a this, and wished him well to look And tell uprightly which did which excel. He viewed and viewed and vowed he could not tell." See Griswold's Female Poets of America. More distinguished authorities than Ward vied in cele- brating Mrs. Bradstreet's poetical efi'usions. Dr. Cotton Mather considered her works to be " A monument to her memory, beyond the stateUest marble." — Magiifilia. " Your only h.and those poesies did compose; Your head the source whence all these springs did flow," John Kooers; Pn'sidml of Harvard OoUege. " Now T believe Tradition, which doth call The Muses. Virtues, Graces, females all; Chily they are not nine, eleven, nor three: — Oiu- authoress proves them but one unity." Benjamin \\ooT)iiMDwu as the "Profound Doctor," was consecrated Arch- bii^hop of Canterbury in 1349. and died a few weeks after- wards. He was of Merton College, O.xfurd, and one of the Proctors of that University in 1325. Astronomical Tables in MS. in the possession of Sir Henry Savile. Geome- trica Specula tiva, cum Arithmetica speculativa, Paris, 14i)o-150i, fol. Arithmetica, printed separately in 1502; other editions of both, 1512-30. De Proportionibus, Paris, 1495; Venice, 1505, fol. De Qaadratiira Circuli, Paris, 1495, fol. Do Causa Dei contra Pelagium, et de Virtute Causarum libri tres; ex editione Henrici Savilii, Lon., 161S, fol. This refutation of Pelagianismis Bradwardine's principal work, and gained him great renown. " As Bradwardine was a very excellent matheniaticwn. he en- deavoured to tri*at tbt^olo^ical subjects with a mathematical accu- racy ; was th-' tirst di\ iiie, as for as I know, says Sh- Henry Savile. who pursut'd tliat iii.-lliod. The book against IVIagiauism is one reiiularconnci'ti'd s.Ti>'s of reasoning; from principle, or conclusions which have been demonstrated before." '■ Accused by the Catholics as holding out the same doctrine which has since been termed Protestantism." — Dr. Adam Clarke. '• It is a surprising work for the age in which it appeared." — BlCKERSTETH. The story upon which Parnell's poem of the Hermit is founded is supposed to have been derived from an apo- logue in this book. Chaucer refers to Bradwardine as a great authority in the Schools. See The Nonnes Priestes Tale. Itrailweli, Stephen. A Watchmau for the Post, Lon.. 1()25, 4tM. Helps for Suddain Accidents, Lon., 1633, 12mo. Pbysick for the Plague, Lon., lG3(i, 4to. Brady 9 J, H, Churchwarden and Overseer's Guide, Lon., 12mo. Law of Debtor and Creditor. 12mo. Diction- ary of Parochial Law and Taxation, 12mo. Executor's Account-Book, 4to. Guide to Kuole, Kent, 1S39, 8vo; do., Lon., 12mo. Familiar Law Adviser, 18mo. Other works. Brady, John. The Clavis Calendaria, or a Com- pendious Analysis of the Kalendar. Illustrated by Ec- clesiastical, Historical, and Classical Anecdotes, Lon., 1SI3. 2 vols. 8vo; abridged. 1814, 12mo. '• Especially to students in divinity ami law. it will ho an in- valuable acquisition: and we hesitate not to declare that, in pn> portion as its merits become known to the public, it will find its way to the libraries of every gentleman and scholar in the king- dom." — Lon. Quart. Bin-iew. " Very few publications have so feir a claim to merit." — Lo7i. Gent. Mag. "Replete with learning and anecdote, so as to command the most lively attention." — Anti-Jacobin Bevieiv. Dissertations on the Names of Persons, 12nio. Varieties of Literature. Svo. Brady, Nicholas, 1650-1726, a native of Eandon, Ireland, educated at Westmin.ster and Christ Church, Ox- ford, became minister of Richmond, Surrey, and Rector of Clapham. Theolog. Treatises, Sermons, \tc., 1695-1724. The ^neids of Virgil, trans, into English verse, Lon., 1726, 4 vols. Svo, pub. by subscription. He is best known by the New Version of the Psalms of David, executed in conjunction with Nahum Tate, Lon., 1G95, Svo; (the first 20, j 1698, 8vo; 1700. 1703. "Tate and Brady are too quaint, and where the Psalmist rises to sublimity (which is very often the ease) are apt to sink into bombast; yet Tate and Brady have many good passaws, especially in those psalms that contain simple enunciations of moral truth." ^Dr. Be\ttie. Brady, Nicholas, Sermon. 1738, 4to. Brady, Robert, M.D., d. 1700, a native of Norfolk, was admitted of Cains College, Cambrid^^e, 1643. An Answer to I\Ir. Petyt's book ou Parliaments. Lon., 1681, Svo. An Introduction to the Old English History, &c., Lon., 1681, 4to ; 2d edit, enlarged, 1684, fol. Dr. b! wrote two other treatises on historical matters, 1690-91, and a letter to Dr. Sydenham on the Influence of the Air on Human Bodies; pub. in Sydenhiim's Works. But his best-known work is A Complete History of England from the first Entrance of the Romans to the Death of K. Richard IL, vol. i., Lon., 1685. fob: ii., 1700, fob; with the Introduction, (see above,) 1684, 3 vols. fol. Hume is said to have been chiefly indebted to Brady for the facts and principles of his history. Brady's accuracy bas been highly commended. '' It is compiled so religiously upon the very text, letters, and syllable of the authorities, especially those upon record, that the work may justly pass for an antiquarian law-book." — Lord Keeper Guilford. "It is a work which will every year necessarily become rarer and rarer, and the well-disposed towards an acquisition of pond old Enrrlish History, will do well to secure a copy of it." — Dibdins Library Oimpanioii. I Brady, Samuel. Medical Essays, 1722, &.c. Brady, Terence, M.D. Medical Essays. 1755-60. Bragge, Francis, Vicar of Hitchin, and Prebendary of Lincoln. Discour.^e on the Parables, Lon., 1694. 2 vols. Svo. Observations on the Miracles, 2 vols. Svo, 1702-fl4. Thirteen Sermons, 1713, Svo. TheoL Works, 5 vols. Svo. '•I would likewise recommend Bragpe on tbe Parables and Miracles of our Saviour: especially if one would learn to emanci- pate himself from the slavery of usinj; notes.'' — Dr. ■\VoTTnN. Dr. Wotton also recommends the study of Braggc's Dis- courses "to prepare the mind, and, consequently the style, for the composition of Sermons." Bragge, Francis. A Treatise on Witehcraft,I712,8vo. Bragtre, J. Duke of York as Commander, 1811, Svo. Braiige, Rohert, 1665-1 7;-;7-38. Sermon5.1674-1739. Braiim, W. G. dc. Atlantic Pilot, Lon., 1772, Svo. Braid, James. Neurypuolugy, or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep, considered iu relation with Animal Mag- netism. Lon., 1843, Svo. " I'nlimitt'd skepticism is equally the child of imbecility, as im- plicit credulity.'" — Dlq.ud Stewart. Braidwood, Messrs. Vox Oeulissnbjecta, 1783, Svo. Braidwood., W. Baptist, of Edinburgh. Theolog. Works, with Memoir of his Liie and Writings, by William Jones, 1838, Svo. " He possessed a masculine understanding, profound acquaint- ance with Scripture, and discriminatiiit: jud'j;ment." Brailsford, J, Sermons, 1761-76, Svo. Bi-aim, T. H. History of New South Wales to 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo. " As a regular systematic account of this colony, developing: the present state and future prospects of the fifth quarter of tbe iilobo, Mr. Kraim's history merits and will obtain a permanent place in the library." — Lon. Litcrar)/ Guzrtti. Braiuard, John G. C, 1796-1828, an American poet of considerable note, was a native of New London, Connecticut. He graduated at Yale College in 1815, and then commenced the practice of the law at Middletown, Conn. A volume of his poems, consisting partly of big contributions to the Connecticut Mirror, which he edited for five ye.ars, was pub. in 1825, and very favourably re- ceived. This volume contained hut little more than half of the poetry comprised in the third edition. An edit, was pub. in 1832, which contains an account of his life by Juhn U. Whitticr, an intimate friend. A number of pieces in this volume were not the compositions of Brainard. Tho last edition of his works, pub. in 1S42, (Hartford, 16mo,) gives us some insight into his career as a Newspaper Editor — that Sisyphus of modern days. *' He faiifd only in his humoi-ous pieces; in all the rest his lauiiuace is appropriate and pure, bis diction free and harmonious, and his sentiments natural and sincere. His serious poems are characterized by deep feelinj; and delicate fancy: and if we had no records of his history, they wovdd sliow that he was a man of great gentleiicsp. simplicity, and purity." — K. W. Griswold. Brainerd, David, 1718-1747, an eminent missionary to tbe North American Indians, was a native of Haddam, Connecticut. An Account of his Life, chiefly from big own Diary, by Jonathan Edwards j to which is annexed T. Mr. Braincrd's Journal while among tbe Indians. II. Mr. Pemberton's Sermon at his ordination. With an Appendix relative to Indian Affairs, Edin., 1765, Svo. A new edit, of his Memoirs was pub. in 1822, by Sereuo Edwards Dwight, including his Journal. Mr. Edwards had omitted the already printed Journals, which bad been pub. in two parts: the first from June 19th to Nov. 4. 1745. entitled Mirabilia Dei inter Indicos; the second from Nov. 24 to June 19, 1740, under the title Divine Grace Displayed, &.c. Mr. Dwight has incorporated those journals in a regular chronological series with the rest of the Diary as above given by Edwards. His friend, President Edwards, declares that he " Never knew his equal of his age and standing, for clear, accu- rate notions of the nature and essence of true religion, and its disiinctions from its various f'dse appearances." Brainthwait, WiUiam, Master of Gonville and Cains C»)liege, was one of the 47 divines commissioned by James I. to prepare the version of tbe Holy Scriptures which bears the name of that monarch. The Apocrypha was confided to Drs. Brainthwait, Radclyfie, Downcs, Boyse. and Messrs. Ward. Braithwait, Gulielmus. Siren Coelestis, Lon., 1633, Braithwait, Richard. See Bkathwait. Brailhwaite, Captain John. History of the Re- volutions in the Empire of Morocco in 1727-28, Lon., 1729, r. Svo. Trans, into Dutch. German, and French. "Resides the historical details, the accuracy of which is un- doubted, .IS Brailhwaite was an eye-witness of the events he de- scriln-s. this work gives us some valuable information on the physi'Ml and moral statp of the people." — Stkvenson. Brailhwaite, John. Account of his Travels, La- 237 BRA BRA bours in the Ministry, and Writings, by Robert Diokin- son, LoD., 1825, 12mo. " A Talual^e addition to the stores Of modern religious bio- graphy." — Wevhyan Methodist Afag. Brakeii, Henry. Medical Essays, Lon.,1737,'39,8vo. Bralesford, Humph. Theolog. Treatises, 1689, 1724, Svo. Bramah, Joseph, 1749-1815, a skilful engineer, best known by the lock which bears his name. I>issertation on the Construction of Locks, Lon., 17S7, Svo. Letter rel. to "Watt's Patent. 1797, Svo. Con. to Nic. Jour. : A Ni:w Pre^?. 1797. A .Jib, 1804. Bramble, Robert. The Royal Brides, or Sketches of Exalted Characters, 1816, 3 vols. 12mo. Bramhall, Johu, D.D., 1593-166.1. a native of Ponte- fract, Yorkshire, entered Sydney College, Cambridge,160S. He was made Prebendary of York, then of KiiJon, went to Ireland in 1633, and became Archdeacon of Mcath ; in 1634 he was promoted to the bishopric of Londonderry, and in 1661 was translated to the primacy of Armagh. A Sermon preached before the Earle of Newcastle, York, 1643, 4to. (Not included in his works.) A Fair Warning against the deception of the Scotch Discipline, 1649, 4to. A Vindication of the Church of England against Criminal Schism, Lou., 1654. Svo. An Answer to De la Militiere's Victory of Truth, Hague, 1654, Svo. A Defence of True Liberty, in answer to Hobbes's Treatise of Liberty and Necessity, Lon., 1655, Svo, A Repub. of the Bp. of Chaleedon's Survey. Lon., 1666, Svo. Castigation of Mr. Hobbes's last Animadversions, in the case concerning Liberty and universal Necessity, with an Appendix con- cerning the catching of the Leviathan, Lon., 165S, Svo. The Consecration and Succession of Protestant Bishops vindicated, Graven., 1650, Svo. Schism guarded against, and beaten back upon the right owners, 1658, Svo. Vin- dication of the Episcopal Clergy, 1672, 4to. Life and Works, Dublin, 1677, fol. ; repub. in Library of Anglo- Cath. Theology, 5 vols. Svo, Oxf., 1842-45. 'Archbishop Bramhall was a man of great energy of character, and highly esteemed by his contemporaries. During the Civil War he resided chiefly abroad. An answer to Milton's Defensio Populi was attributed to him, but Mr. Todd dis- proves the charge in his Life of Miltun. " Perhaps the most valuable part of his works is that in which he contended wiUi Ilobbes. He argued with prt^it acuteness a?:.T.inst Ilnl.ln-s's notions on liberty aud neressity, in the Catching of the Leviathau, in which he undertakes to demnnstrate. out of llobbes's own woiks, that no sincere Hobbist can he a good Chris- tian, or a good Commonwealth's man, or reconcile himself to himself." Bramston. Sermon on Rom. x. 2, Svo. Bramstou, James, d. 1744, Vicar of Starting, in Sussex. The Art of Politics ; in imitation of Horace's Art of Poetry. The Man of Taste ; oecasirtned by Pope's Epistle on that subject: both pub. in Dodsley's Collection, vol. i. The Crooked Sixpence; in imitation of Philips's Splendid Shilling; pub. in The Repository, vol. i. " Dr. Warton objects to bis Man of Taste, that he has made his hero laugh at himself and his own follies. The satire, however, in other respects, is truly legitimate." Bramston, John. Theolog. treatises. 1688, 1724. Bramstoii, WilHam, Sermons, 1695-1714. BramwoU, Geortje. Analytical Table of the Private Acts 1 Geo. II. to 52 Ueo. IIL. Lou., 1813, r. Svo. Branch, Johu. Ready Reckoner, 1S04, Svo. The British Museum, or elegant Repository of Natural History, 1S03, '04, 4 vols. 12mo; in conjunction with W. Holloway. Branch, or Brauche, Thomas, Principia Legis et ^Eijuitatis; being an Alphabetical Collection of above 20,000 maxims, principles, or rules, definitions, and re- markable sayings, in Law and Equity, by T. B., 1753, 12mo; 2d edit, enlarged, ISIO, 12mo; 5th edit, with addi- tions, and the Latin maxims and notes translated, by J. Richardson, Lon., 1824, 12mo. American edit., from the 4th English edit., by W. W. Hening. with additions, Rich- mond, 1824, Svo. Mr. Warren points out errors in Rich- ardson's edit. *■ As a manual, this little book contains more law, aud more use- ful matter, than any one book of the same size which can be put into the hands of the student." " It is more extensive than Noy's Maxims, and draws so copiously from the Common Law lleports, andwritersof the age of Elizabeth, and since that time, that it may be regarded as the accumulated spirit and wisdom of the great body of the English Law." See Preston on Abstracts, 214 j 2 Kent, 554 j Warren's Law Studies, 802. Brancker, or Branker, Thomas, 1636-1676. Doc- trine of the Sphere, in Latin. Oxf., 1663. Introduc. to Algebra; trans, from the High-Dutch^ Lon., 1663. A Trans. from Rhonius. 2i3 Brand, Adam. Journal of the Embassy from Mua- .-:;vy to Ciiina over Land; trans, from the High-Dutch, Lon.. 1698, Svo. Brand, Sir Alexander. A Specimen of Bishop Burnet's Candour and Integrity, Lon., 1715. Svo. Brand, Charles, Treat, on Assurances, n must have long felt to be a desideratum in our literature, lie who has no encyclopjedia will tind it an excellent substitute for one; and he who has will find it a valuable supplement." — ion. Ecf'Ctic Ucritw- '* Nearly all branches of science and art and human inquiry ar* embraced in these compact aud laborious pages." — Lon. Monthly Chrmiide. Lectures on Organic Chemistry, ed. by Dr. Scofifern, 1854, 12mo. Brander, Gustavus, 1720-1787, a merchant and an- tiquary, con. some articles to Phil. Trans., 1754. See Archteol., iv., 1776. He presented to the Brit. Museum his valuable collection of fossils, an account of which was pub. at his expense, with Latin descriptions by Dr. Solan- dcr: Fossilia Hantoniensia. &c.. 1776, 4to, Brandish, Joseph. Vsq of Caustic Alkali, Lon., 1811. Brandling, H. C. Views in the North of France, Lon., 1848, fob, £5 3«., coloured, £5 5s. BRA BRA Brandon, Isaac. Fragments after Steme,lS0S,12mo. Kai?: Opera. ISDS, Svo. Brandon, John. Everlasting Fire no Fancy, Lon„ 167S, -Itu. A Pructical Discourse. IfiOO. Brandon, Raphael and Arthur, architects. Analy- sis of Gotliie Arehitecture, 184^8, 2 vols. imp. 4to. Open Timber Roofs of the Middle Ages, 184r. BlL'try and in prose." — Dibdin. Anthony Wood does not give so favourable an opinion: " He wrote and published several works in English, consisting of prose and poetry, biirhly commended in the a^'e wherein \'V,h- lished. but since sli'^hted and despised as frivolous matters. ;:iid only to be taken into the hands of novices.'' — Athen. Oxon. Dr. Bliss makes a large addition to Anthony's list of Braithwait's pieces. Brallnvaite,Thomas. Delivery of Rabbits,1726.8vo. Brattle, Thomas, 1657-1713. a merchant of Boston, Massachusetts. Eclijises of the Sun and Moon, observed in New England, Phil. Trans., 1704. Lunar Eclipse, New England, in 1707. He wrote a letter giving an account of the Witchcraft Delusion in 1692, which is preserved in the Miiss. Hist. Collection. Brattle, William, d. 1717. aged 54, a native of Bos- ton, Mass.. brother of the preceding, Minister of Cam- bridge, Mass., pub. a System of Logic, — Compendium Lo- gical, itc. It waa used at Harvard College. An edit, was pub. in 1758. Brawerii, Henry. Voyage to the Kingdom of Chili in America. See ChurchiU's Voy.. 503, 1704. Bray, Mrs. Anna Eliza, daughter of John Kempe, Esq., a native of Devonshire, has gained great reputation by a number of popular works. Traditions, Legends, Super- stitions, and Sketches of Devonshire, on the Borders of the Tamar and the Tavy; in a Series of Letters from Mrs. Bray to Robert Soutliey, Esq., 1S38, 3 vols. p. Svo, '■ The plan of this work was sutrgested by Mr. Southey, and the writer has laboured with no small diligence. These volumes con- tain much that is curious in antiijuarianism. pleasant in descrip- tion, fascinating in tradition, and kind-hearted in anecdotes of evci-y-d.\v characters. We are indebted to Mrs. Bray for many pleasant hours from her clever works." — Lon. Athenreuvi. Fitz of Fitz-Ford; a Legend of Devon, 3 vols. p. Svo. " These volumes are indeed an addition to the hv^h literary cha- racter of the foir and popular writer." — Lon. Literary Gazette. The Talba; or. Moor of Portugal, 3 vols. p. Svo. Trials of the Heart, 3 vols. p. Svo. Life of Thomas Stothard, R.A., with Personal Reminiscences. Hlustrated by en- gravings from his chief works, printed in a novel style of art, 1S56, 4to. For the production of this work, Mrs. B., as the daughter-in-law of Stothard, possessed peculiar advantages. " A more beautiful volume than this, is not often issued. The 'numerous illustrations' have been chosen with a sedulous respect for the reputation of the graceful artist whose life was in his works; and they have been rendered with most delicate care, there being something in the nature of Stothard's genius which lent itself, with more than ordinary adaptability, to this form of pre- sentment." — Lon. Alhe^ifFum. Courtenay of Walreddon, 3 vols. p. Svo. De Foix, 3 vols, p. Svo. Henry de Pomeroy, 3 vols. p. Svo. Letters during a Tour throu'gh Normandy, 1818, 4to. Mountains and Lakes of Switzerland, 3 vols. p. Svo. The Protestant, 3 vols. p. Svo, Trelawney of Trelawne, 3 vols. p. Svo. Trials of Domestic Life, 3 vols. p. Svo. Warleigh, or the Fatal Oath, 3 vols. p. Svo. White Hoods, 3 vols. p. Svo. Collective Edition, 1845, '46, 10 vols. "To describe in detail Mi-s. Bray's works, or criticise minutely their merits, would be superfluous. So many literary notic?s have appeared in testimony of their value, and these the public have so fully corroborated by their patronage, that little remains but to concur with previous praises of this favourite authoress's talents, acqiiireniont-i. and genius.*' — Lon. Tinus. See also Lon. Gent. Mag. I Bray^ Chas* Education of the Feelings; 2d ed.. BRA Lon., 18 19, p. Svo. The Pbilusopby of Necessity ; or, The Law of Cuaseciuences as Applicable to Mental, Moral, and Social Science, 1811, 2 vols. Svo. '■ Tlie topics in the volume before us [the second] have a current interest, and are handled with grace iu the view and eloquence in the composition." — Lmi. Sjie':tator. Outlines of Social Systems and Communities, 1844, 12mo. Bray, E. A, Poems, Lon., 17»'J, 12mo. Idyles. 180(1, 12mo. Funeral Ode on Lord Nelson, 1806, 4to. Sermons, selected, Lon., 1818, Svo. Discourses selected from tracts and treatises, 1821, Svo. Bray,Roger. SelectioraApopbthegmata.ic..]631,8vo. Bray, Thomas, D.D., l(i5e-17:)(l, a native of Martin, Shropshire ; educated at Hart Hall, O.xford ; Rector of Sheldon, 1(390. Iu 1C99 he was sent by the Bishop of Lon- don to America as Ecclesiastical Commissary for Maryland and Virginia. He crossed the Atlantic several times, and was eminently useful iu his lalxjurs. In 1706 he accepted the living of St. Botoljjb, Aldgate. We notice some of his publications : Bibliotheca Paroehijilis ; or, A Scheme of such Theological and other Heads as seem requisite to be used or occasionally consulted by the llevereud Clergy, together with a Catalogue of Books which may be profit- ably read on each of those points, &c., Lon., 1707, Svo. Martyrology, or Papal Usurpation, 1712, fol. : intended as a supplement to Fox's Book of Martyrs. Primordia Bibliothecaria, 1726. Directorium Missionarium, 1726. He reprinted the Ecclesiastes of Erasmus, and pub. a trans, of Perrin's Hist, of the Old Waldenses and Albi- genses, several sermons, &c. " It is tu Dr. Bray's exertions that that venerable and most ex- tensively useful association — The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel — owes its origin." In 1746 appeared Publick Spirit, illustrated in the Life and Designs of the Rev. Tbo. Bray. D.D., Svo; again, by Rev. H. J. Todd, 1808, Svo; and in 1S4S was pub. Report for the Year 1847 of the Institution established by the late Rev. Dr. Bray and his Assocbites for Founding Clerical Libraries and Supporting Negro Schools, pp. 40, 12mo. For an account of bis labours, see Publick Spirit, r themselves on two very important points — the reasonin;.: and the morality that their sons learn in Universities." Foreigner's English Conjugator, 12rao. Utility of Latin discussed, ISmo. The National Debt. Brenan, M. J. Ecclesiastical History of Ireland to 1829, 1848, 8vo. Includes dates of Religious Founda- tions, of Priories. Convents, Synods, College.", ic. Brende, John. The Historie of Quintus Curtius, Lon., 1.553, 4to ; translated from the Latin. Two Sermons by S. Ciprian ; trans, into English, Svo. Brent, Charles. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1702-28. Brent, Charles. Compendious .'\strimomer,Lon.. 1741. Brent, J. 1. Battle Cross, Lon., .3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Ellis Forrester, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Sea-Wolf, 12mo. Brent, Sir IVathaniel, lo73~1652, a native of Little Woolford. Warwickshire, entered of Merton College, Ox- ford, and took B.A. 1593. He married a niece of Dr. George Abbott. Archbishop of Canterbury. He trans. Father Paul Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent, from the Itali.an into English and Latin, Lon., 1619, fol., 1640, 1676. Father Paul's (and Fulgentio's) History has been highly commended. " This work is a beautiful monument of the History of Religion, the most curious part of the History of the Human Mind, for those who can soar above the prejudices of sects and parties." — Gibbon. "This work is ju.stly entitled to be placed among the most ad- mired historical compositions." — Dr. Robertson. Brent also trans, from the Latin, Mr. Francis Mason's Vindication of the Church of England, concerning the Consecration and Ordination of the Bishops, Ac, 1625. fol. " It is a complete refutation of the old story of the Nag's Head ordinatinn."' Brent, William. Nature of Eternity, Lon., 1655. Breutou, Kdvvard Pelham, 1774-1839, Captain R.N., founder of the Children's Friend Society, and a promoter of other philanthropic enterprises. 1. The Naval History of Great Britain from the Year 1783 to 1822, Lon., 1823, 5 vols. Svo ; new ed., 1836, 2 vols. Svo. 2. A Re- futation of the Statement of Admiral Sir George Mon- tague, 1823, Svo. 3. Life of Earl St. Vincent, G.C.B., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. "To Captaiu Brenton we feel infinite gratitude for this valuable addition to onr literature; and when we also call to mind the merit of his Naval History, we may justly pronounce him to have taken his place among the foremost of those authors who have done honour to their own p-itriotism, to their profession, and to their native land." — Lon. Literary Gazette. The Bible and Spade. See Memoir of, by his Brother, Sir J. Brenton, 1842, Svo. Brenton, Sir Jahleel, K.C.B., 1770-1844, Rear- Admiral R.N., brother of the above. 1. The Hope of the Navy, Lon., 1S39, 12mo. 2. Appeal to the British Nation : 2d ed., 1841, ISmo. 3. Memoir of Captain E. P. Brenton, 1842, Svo. 4. Coast i'isheries, 1843, Svo. See Memoir and Services of, by Henry Raikes, 1845, Svo. Brerely, John, the assumed name of James Ander- ton or Anderson. Sec Anderton, James. Brereton, C. D. Administration of Poor-Laws in Agricult. Districts, Lon., Svo. A Catechism of the Seven Sacrameuts, 1834, Svo. Brereton, Henry. Newes of the Present Miseries of Rushia, occasioned by the late Warre in that Countrey, Lon., 1614, 4to : Gordonston sale, 379, £1 19». Brereton, Jane, 1685-1740, a native of Flintshire, daughter of a gentleman of learning named Hughes, con- tributed, under the name of Melissa, to the Gentleman's Magazine. A volume of her Poems, with Letters, and an account of her Life, was pub. Lon., 1744, Svo. '• Mrs. Brereton was amiable in every relation of life, and dis- pLayed some talents for versification, if not for poetry." See Cen- Bura Literaria. vii. "ill. Brereton, John. Relation of the Discovery of the North Part of Virginia. Lon., 1702, 4to. A copy is in the Brit. Museum. Bindley, pt. 1, 1293. Jadis, £5 15«. 6ii. Brereton, Owen Salisbury, 1715-1798, a learned BRE English lawyer, educated at Westminster, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He contributed to the Archa!ologia, Observations on Peter CoUinson's account of the Round Towers in Ireland ; Tour through South Wales ; Extracts from the Household-Book of Henry VIII.: Account of a painted Window in Brereton Church, Cheshire ; A Non- descript Coin. See .ArchEeol. iii., 1774; also Phil. Trans., 1781 : and Chalmers's Biog. Diet. Brereton, Thomas. Sermon on Prov. i. 10, Svo, Brereton, William. His Case, Lon., 1779. Brerewood, Edward, 1565-1615, a mathematician and antiquary, admitted of Brasenose College. 1581, chosen Professor of Astronomy in Gresham College. 1596. De Ponderibus et Pretiis veterum Nummorum, &c., Lon., 1614, 4to; repub. by W.alton, in the Preliminary Disserta- tions to the Polyglot. Enquiries touching the diversities of Languages and Religions through the chief parts of the World, Lon., 1614, '22, '35, 4to; 1674, Svo; trans, into Latin, German, and French. " The people of America are the progeny of the Tartars." See p. 96. " There is a good deal of learning iu this small work, partly of a biblical nature, and partly relating to Church History." — Orme. " A very learned work." — Dr. 1'arr. See Oldys's Brit. Liljrarian, p. 159-162. Brerewood wrote Treatises on the Sabbath, 1630, '32, and some other works. See Athen. Oxon. Brerewood, Thomas. Galfred and Juletta, or the Road of Nature; a Talc. Lon., 1772, 3 vols. 4to. Brest, Vincent. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1732, &c. Bretland, Joseph, 1742-IS19, a Unitarian minister of Exeter, England. Sermons, Exeter, 2 vols. Svo, 1820. " His sermons are marked by a chaste and correct style of com- position." — Lfiii. Miinthly R'positnry. Breton, Beeton, or Brittou, John, d. 1275, Bishop of Ilereford, a native of England, was noted for his knowledge of the Civil and Common Law. He made a digest of the Laws of England, which Leland tells us was of great use in its day. Breton, John. Sermon, 1714, Svo. Breton, Nicholas, 1555-1624, supposed to have been of a Staffordshire family, pub. a number of poetical pieces, a list of which will be found in Ritson's Bibl. Poetica, and in Lowndes's Brit. Bibliographer. Sir Egerton Brydges printed in 1815, r. 4to, an edition of Breton's Melancholike Humours, with Critical Preface; of this re- pub., privately printed, only 100 copies were struck off. " Nicholas Breton, a writer of pastorals, sonnets, canzons, and madri'.-.als. in which kind of writing he keeps company with several other contemporarv amiulators of Spenser and Sir t'hilip Sidney, in a pulilist collection of selected odes of the chief pastoral sou- netteers. Ac. of that aire." — Phillips's Tlimtriim Pwtarutn. "The ballad of Phillida and Corydon, reprinted by Percy, is a delicious little poem ; and if we are to judge from this specimen, his poetical powers, for surely he must have had the powers of a poet, were distuv-'uished by a" simplicity at once easy and elegant." — Sir Egerton Brydoes. Breton, William. Militia Discipline, Lon., 1717, Svo. Breton, William Henry, Lieutenant R.N. Ex- cursions in New South Wales, 1830-33, Lon., Svo. Scan- dinavian Sketches ; or, A Tour in Norway, Svo. "This will bo found to be by far the most useful guide to the tourist in Norw.ay. This second edition contains much valuable information to the Scandinavian angler." Brett, Arthur. The Restauration, or a Poem on the Return of Charles II. to his Kingdom. Lon., 1660, 4to. Threnodin, (ir the Death of the Duke of Gloticester, Oxon., 1660, 4to. Patientia Victrix ; or the Book of Job in Lyrie Verse, Lon., 1661, Svo. "This person, who was a great pretender to poetry by his folly grew so pi^ir. being as I conceive, somewhat ci-azed. th.at he desired the almes of gentlemen, especially of Oxford scholars, whom he accidentally met with iu London." — Athen. Orrm. Brett, Capt. John, R.N. Trans, of Discourses and Essays from Feyjoo, 1777-80. Brett, Joseph. Sermons, 1704, '15. Brett, Richard, 1561-1637, educated at Hart Hall, Oxford, was one of the translators of the authorized ver- sion of the Holy Scriptures. Vitse Sanctorum Evangelist. Joh.annis et Luca;, Ac, Oxon., 1597, Svo. Agatharchidis et Memnonis Historicorum, Ac, Oxon., 1597, 16mo. Ico- num Sacrarum deeas, &c., Oxon., 1603, 4to. " He was a person famous in his time for learning as well as piety, skill'd and vers'd to a criticism in the Latin, Greek, Hebrew. Chal- d.%ic. and /Kthiopic tongues. He was a most vigilant pastor, a dili- gent preacher of God's word, a Iiber.al benefactor to the poor, a faithful friend, and a good neighhour."— Allien. Oion. Brett, Samuel, " Captain of a ship of Malta, against the Turks, in assistance to the Venetians," published a most interesting pamphlet, Lon., 1655, 4to. giving an account of his Observations in his Travels beyond the Se.as. includ- ing A Narrative of the Proceedings of a great Council of BRE Jews, assembled in the Plain of Ageda. in Hungary, about thirty leagues distant from Buda, to examine the Scriptures concerning Christ, on the Twelfth of October, 1650. By Samuel Brett, there present. " At the Plato aboye named, thfire assembled about three hun- dred Rabbles, called together from several Parts of the World to examioe the Scriptures concerning Christ. . . . The King of Hun- gary did allow that some Assistants should be scut from Kome; and their Coming thither did prove a great unhapniness to this hopeful Council." On the seventh dayof the Council, they called in to their aid six of the Roman Clergy. " sent by the Pope to assist in this Council." The instructions of the priests were no. at all relished by the Jews, for '■ As soon as the .'Issembly had heard these Thinjs from them, they were generally and exceedingly troubled theieat.and fell into high Clamours against them and their Religion, crving nut, No Christ, no Woman-God, no Intercession of Saints, no AV-.i^hipping of Images, no Praying to the Virgin Mary. &c. Trulv tli.ii Ti.in- ble hereat was so great, that it troubled me to see their'impaticuce: they rent their Cloaths and cast Dust upon their Heads, and cried out, Bhisphomy. Blasphemy ! and. upon this, the Council broke np. ... I do believe there were many Jews there, that would have been persuaded to own the Lord Jesus; and this I .assure you for a Trutii. and it is for the Honour of our Religion, and the Encou- ragement of our Divines, one eminent Kabbi there did deliver his Opini.iu. in Conference with me, th.at he at first feared that those which were sent from Rome would cause an unhappy Period to their Council; and professed to me. that he much desired the Pre- sence of some FrnUstitnt Divines, and espR<'i.ally of our English Di- vines, of whom he had a better Opinion than of any other Divines in the World." This very curious pamphlet was reprinted in vol. i. of The llarlcian Jlisecllany, and vol. i.of The Phcenix, p. 54:5. Brett, Thomas, 1667-1743, a native of Bettishanger, Kent, admitted of Queen's College, Cambridge, 1684, and Corpus Christi, 1689; Rector of Bettishanger. 1703. and of Rackinge,1705; received into communion with the Non- jurors, 1715, He was a voluminous writer of controversial pieces. His Dissertation on the Principal Liturgies used by the Christian Church in the celebration of the Holy Eucharist, pub. 1720, has been highly commended. ".\o man can seriouslv peruse the wiit'ings of Brett relative to i^j Liturgies of the Primitive Churches, without bein" impressed with the importance of the subject."— W..We)i on Tiuclilion. His Collection of the different Liturgies, with a Disser- tation on them, also appeared in 1720. In 1743 was inib. his Letter to a Clergyman, showing whv our English Bibles differ so much from the Scptuagint, though both are trans- lated from the Hebrew Original, Svo. The 2d edit, en- larged, and pub. from the author's MS. after his death, appeared in 1760, Svo. It was repub. in Bishop Watson's Collection of Theolog. Tracts, vol. iii. "It is an excellent dissertation, and cannot fiiil of liein» very usefu to .such as have not leisure or npportunitv to consult Dr. Hody s boolt. De Bibliorum Textihus."— Bishop Watson. Brett, W. H. Indian Missions in Guiana, 8vo. •■ An interesting volume, well calculated for helping forward the thur.h s missions, liy inducing persons to consider the subject, who would put aside mere offlcial statements and raper.s."— £iioi,s/i C/turclimtin. ^ ■■The volume before us will tell the nature of the wmk which is being ,|ui..tlv done by the missionaries of the Society for the Pi-o- I>^^''''' .' ""■ Gospel in Foreign Vnrts."— English iteriem. Brettiuirhara, Matthew. Rem.arks on several Parts of Europe. L.m.. 1723. '25. '28, '38. 4 vols. fol. Brettingham, Matthew. Plans, Elevations, and bections of Holkhara in Norfolk, the Seat of the Earl of Leicester, Lon., 1761, atlas fol. ; enlarged, 1773. See Wal- pole s Works, vol. iii., 179S. Breues, John. The Fortune Hunlers The Fortunate Lovers, 1754, 1755, Svo. Breval, Dr. Sermons. 1670. fol. <■'?/'"?',"'' •'"''" I*'"'a"t de, a captain under the Duke of Marlborough, a son of Dr. Breval, Prebendary of West- minster, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Re- marks on Several Parts of Europe, Lon.. 172:!-3S, 4 vols, in 2, fol. The Confederates ; a F.nrce, 1717. Svo : this hits a side blow at Three Hours after Marriage, the unfortunate bantling of Pope, Arbuthuot, and Gay; though bearing the name of the latter only. " On which account Mr. Pope, who never could forgive the least attempt made against his reigning the unrivalled sovereign in the throne of wit. has introauced this gentleman [Breral] into that poetic.ll pillory. Tht Duriciad, among the various authors whom he ha.s supposed devotees of the goddess of Dulness. '— ftos. Oranwl I lie History of the House of Nassau, Ac, 1734, Svo Other works. Brevard, Joseph. An Alphabetical Digest of the Public Statute Law of S. Carolina, Phila., 1814, 3 vols, Svo >„V;i ""•"?".""" "t *,'■'* '^'"<'>^' ™s ""' sanctioned nor adopted by the legislature of the State, but the convenient arr.angement w,bl ''■■""'"K »nd accuracy of the compiler, rendered it an ac- ceptable and authoritative work."-if„rr!n's Legal Bibl. 1753, Svo. The Chain of Fate, BRE Reports of .Judicial Decisions in S. Carolina 1793-1815 Cbarleston, 1840, 3 vols. Svo. Brevint, Dauiel, 1616-1695, a native of Jersey, Fel- low of Jesus College, Oxford, 1038; Prebendary of Dur- ham, 1661 ; Dean of Lincoln, 1681. Missale Romanum, or the depth and mystery of the Roman Mass laid open and explained, for the use of both reformed and unreformed Christians, Oxf., 1672, Svo. The Christian Sacrament and Sacrifice, Ac, Oxf., 1673, Svo. The above two works were pub. in one vol., Oxf., 1847, Svo. Dr. AVaterlaud had ex- pressed his desire to see a reprint: " Dr. Brevint was well read in the Eucharistie Sacrifice; no man understood it better ; which may appear from two tracts of his upon the subject, small ones both, but extremely fine. He stood upon the ancient ground, looked upon evangelical duties as the true oblation and sacrifice, resolved the sacrifice of the Eucharist, ac- tively considered, solely into them ; and he explained the practical uses of that doctrine in so clear, so lively, and so affecting a way, tilat we shall scarce meet with any thing on the subject tliat can justly be thought to exceed it, or even come up to it. I could heartily join my wishes with a late learned writer that that excel- lent little book, entitled The Christian Sacrament and Sacrifice, might be reprinted for the honour of God, and the benefit of the Church." Saul and Samuel at Endor, or the new waies of Salvation and Service which usually tempt men to Rome and detain them there, truely represented and refuted, Oxf., 1674, 1688. Svo. Ecclcsioe Primitivae, Ac. Other works. Brewer, Anthony, a dramatic writer temp. James I. Country Girl, C, 1047, 4to. Love-sick King, Trag. Hist., 1655, 4to. The two preceding are the pieces which " wri- ters in gencr.al" ascribe to Brewer. Winstanley and Phil- lips make him the writer of six plays. Kirknian, Jacob, and Gildou allow him but two. Laugbaine denies Winstan- ley's assertion that Lingua, or the Comljat of the Tongue and the Five Senses for Snperiority,1607, 4to,was written by Brewer. This piece has become famous from the story that '■ At the first performance of this play at Trinity College. Cam- bridge, Oliver Cromwell personated the part of Tactus, from which he tu-st imbibed his ambitious sentiments." See an interesting discussion of this subject in the Biog. Dramat. : "Brewer, Anthony." Brewer, E. C, D.D., of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, Head Master of King's College School in union with King's College, London. A Guide to Roman History. Allison's Guide to English History, entirely rewritten, and greatly improved. Poetical Chronology of Inventions, Discoveries, Ac, 12mo. Arithmetical Tables. School Recitations, 12mo. System of Book-Keeping, 12ino. Key to, by Double En- try, 12mo. Guide to Scientific Knowledge of Things Fami- liar, 18mo, Lon., 1850. Keyto, 18mo. This work has un- doubtedly proved one of the most useful of the age. " As a book of reference its worth is unparalleled ; as a book of instruction it is no less valuable; and as a volume taken up to pass a pleasant h.alf hour or so, it will be found exceedingly at- tr.active and interesting." — Magazine of Scieno^, "Asa School Book it is invaluable, for it contains an amount of information never before compressed in any volume of the same dimensions." — English Juurnal of Eilucation. " We cordially commend it to all who liave to do with the sub- ject of education." — Chrislirinted in about two years. Mr. Robert E. Peterson, of Philadelphia, made it the basis of bis Familiar Science, or the Scientific Explana- tion of Common Things, making such additions, altera- tions, Ac as to greatly improve the value of the work. This volume (pub. by Childs A Peterson, Philadelphia) has had a very extensive sale, and may be warmly com- mended as a desirable-manual for the school, the library, or the parlour table. 80,000 sold in four years. "I consider the book a valuable contribution to our mwins of instrutdion in schools, and hope to see it generally intio.tueed and u.sed by teachers. Fathers of families also, wht are iww fre.iucutly puzzled by tile questions of the young philosophers of their liouse- holds. will do well to procure a cojiy. and avoid s.iving so often I do not know.' "-Prof. Wm. II. Allex, President of Oirard CUlfge. "Familiar Science embodies a vast amount of facts and princi- ples relating to the several branches of natuml science, judiciou.sly selected and arranged, and very useful to awaken inquiry in the young, and form a taste for such studies."— Rev. Lvman C'olemas. " I consider the volume n yalu.able accession to Christian scien- tific literature, and worthy a place in every family and in every academy or school.*' — Rev." Da. DcRBlx. "It contains a vast amount of useful inforniation on subjects which force themselves upon the attention both of old and young, and it is likely to cultivate, in those wbn read it. habits of inquiry and reflection." — Ri. Rev. Alonzo Potter. BRE BRE Brewer, George, b. 1766. pub. a nunibcr of works, nmnng wluL-h are. The History of Tom We^ttm, Lon., 1791, 2 vols., 12nio. Maxims of Gallautry, 17U:i, Svo. The Mutto, 1795, 2 vols. 12mo. The Rigbts of the Poor Con- sidered, 1800, Svo. Debtor and Creditor. 18116, Svo. How to be Happy, 1814, 12mo. Hours of Leisure, 1S06, 12mo. Brewer, Henry. See Brawern. Brewer, J, N., a miscellaneous writer. A Winter's Tale, 1799, 4 vols. 12mo. An old Family Leu'cnd. 1811, 4 vols. 12mo. History of Oxfordshire, 181.S. Intrfiduc. to the Beauties of England and Wales, 1814, Svo. The Pic- ture of England, Lon., 1820, 12mo. Account of Palaces and Public Buildings, 1810, 4to. Histrionic Tt)pography, Lon.. 1818. Svo. Beauties of Ireland, Lon., 1826. 2 vols. Svo. BreAVer, J. S., Professor of English Literature in King's College, London. 1. Elementary Atlas of History and Geography, Lon., 1855, r. Svo. 2. Monumonta Fran- ciscana, &i\, 1858: see Lon. Athen., July ol, 1858, 129. See Thorkhikk. Hf.rbkrt. Brewer, James, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1700: Beds of Oyster Shells near Reading, Berkshire. Brewer, Rev. Josiah, b. 1796, Mass., grad. Yale Coll. For ten years a missionary to the Levant. Resi- dence at Constantinople in 1827, Svo. Patmos, and the Seven Churches of Asia, 1851. BreAver, Thomas. The Weeping Lady ; or London like Ninivie in Sackcloth, Lon., 1625, 4to. Bib. Anglo- Poet., £3 13s. Q(l. A Knot of Fooles, Lon., 1653, 4to. In Brit. Museum, Roxburghe, 3380, £3. Brewertou, T. Le Gay. Chemical Con. to Nic. Jour.. 1810. Brewster, Celestia A., born 1812 in Mass. Bloss*s Ancient History and Heroines of the Crusades, &c. Brew^ster, Sir David, LL.D. and K.H., one of the most distinguished of modern experimental philosophers, was born at Jedburgh, Scotland, Dec. 11, 1781. He stu- died at the University of Edinburgh, where he became intimate with Dugald Stewart, Playfair, and Robison. In 1808 he undertook the editorship of the Edinburgh En- cyclopedia, which was not completed until 1830. He re- ceived the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Aberdeen in 1807, and in ISOB was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1813 he pub. his Treatise on New Philosophical Instruments. In con- junction with Professor Jameson, in 1819, he established the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal; this work contains contributions by Herschel, Humboldt. Blumenbach, Prout, and other eminent philosophers. Subsc'iuently Sir David commenced the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, of which 16 vols, appeared. In 1S15 the Institute of France elected Dr. Brewster a corresponding member, and be has been similarly honoured by the Royal Academie.s of Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and Denmark. In 1831 he received the decoration of the Hanoverian Guelphie Order, and in 1832 he was knighted by William IV. A higher honour was in reserve for him: by the death of Berzelius, a vacancy oc- curred in the number (never mure than eight) of the Fo- reign Associate Members of the National Institute of France ; — Sir David was elected. " The eight assocLate members of the Ins-titute are generally re- garded as the eight greatest cCUbres in thw learned world." — La Sir David's first wife was a daughter of the celebrated Macpherson, the editor — or author, as opinions vary — of Ossian. "Sir David Brewster's numerous writings take in a wide range of science. His most valuable scientific papers are published in the 'Transactions' of the Royal Societies of London and of Edinburgh. Among the more important are: 1. On a new Analysis of Solar light, indicating three primary colours, forming coincident spectra of equal length. 2. On Circular Polarization. 3. On the Etfeets of Com- pression and Dilatation in altering the polarizing structure of the doubly refracting crystals; and others, in which the law is determined which connects the refractive index of a crystal with its angle of polarization, and the dis- covery of rings in biaxial crystals is made known. Other papers are to be found in the Edinburgh Rev., the Reports of the British Association, the Lib. of Useful Knowledge, the Phil. Mag., (of which Sir David is one of the editors,) and the North Brit. Rev. : they embrace physical geography, astronomy, photography, meteorology, Ac. Of separate works maybe mentioned: 4. A Treatise on the Kaleido- scope, 1819, Svo. 5. Notes to Robison's System of Me- chanical Philosophy. 1822. 4 vols. Svo. 6. Euler's Letters; with a Life of Euler, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Notes and Introductory Chapter to Legendre's Elements of Geometrj-, 1824. 8. Treatise on Optics, 1831. Svo. American edition, by Prof. A. D. Bache, Phila., 1833, 12mo. 9. Letters on Natural Magic. 1831, 12mo. 10. Life of Sir Isaac New- ton, 1831, i2nio. 11. The Martyrs of Science: or. The Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, anrl Kepler. 1S41, 12mo, (2d cd., Svo. 1840.) ' 12. Treatise on the Microscope, p. Svo. 13. More Worlds than One: the Creed of the Philosopher, and the Hope of the Christian, 1854, Svo. 14. Memoirs of the Life. Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, 1 S^yf), 2 vols. 8vo." See Knight's Eng. Cyc, Div. Biog.. vol. i. "Pr. Rrewster's book [Life of Newton] is a most scientific und infi'n-sttn;^ one; there is instruction for the ignorant, learning for the learneil. science for the profound, and anecdotps personal and scientific for the idler and the gossip. All th.-it can be now known of the illustrious Newton is told with considerable clearness and beauty: his discoveries are discussed, bi^ iiivi'uti'ns described, the character of the most eminent of Ins comiianinns di-awn. and we follow him to the observatory, the study, the Royal Society, and the private chamber. It is a work which affords miich instruction and pleasure." — Lon. Atfientemn. (Review of 1st ed.) The Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton. 18.'i5, 2 vols. Svo. has not passed without censure. See Newton, Sir Isaac. We should not omit to notice the valuable article on Mag- netism in the 7th edit, of the Encyc. Brit. The Lives of Galileo, Tycho Braht\ and Kepler, the Martyrs of Science, have been commended. A late martyr of science, in noticing one of Sir David's last works, paid the following handsome tribute to the venerable author: " The siile of a work is usually no bad test of the interest which attaches to the subject of it: and we accept it as good in evidence, that the question respecting the ■ plurality of worlds,' so ingeni- ously discussed by Sir David Brewst-t .nid bis anonymous antafe'O- nist." is one which successfully add r< ■;--.> il^ If to at least the ciuio- sity of the reading portion of the cuniniunity, that Sir David's More Worlds than One. though not yet six months before the pulilic, is already in what is more than tantamount to its third edition. The sale of the third thousand of bis separate Treatise is, we are informed, fiist progressing; and his article on the same subject in the North Biitish I'.eview, which formed the pregnant nucleus of the work, is understood to have enjoyed at least an equal circulation. There does certainly exist a wide-spread desn-e to know, so far as can be known, the extent of Gods living, re- sponsible creation. The planet which we inhabit is but one vessel in the midst of a fleet sailing on through the vast ocean of space, under convoy of the sun. Far on the distant horizon what seem to be a great many other convoy ships appear, though such is their remoteness, that even our best glasses enable us to know very little regarding them. But in the vessels of the same group as ourselves, we see evolutions similar to those which our own ship performs — we see them maintain relations similar to our own to the great guardian vessel in the midst — we see them re?:ulat«d by her in all their movements, and that when nights fall dark, most of them have their sets of lanthorns hoisted up to give them light; and there is a desire among us to know somewhat respecting the crews of these neighbour-vessels of ours, and whether — as we all seem hound on a common voyage — the expedition, as it is evidently under one and the same control, may not have a common purpose or object to accomplish. 8uch is the natural, and surely not in-a- tional, curiosity tbat has led in part to the extensive circulation of the two recently published works which discuss the question on its opposite f-ides ; though in perhaps equal part, however, their popularity must he owing to the admii-able manner in which they are written, and the high scientific acijuiivuients of their respective authors. It is not every day that comV'atants such as Sir David Brewster, and. .shall we say. Professor Whewell. meet in the arena. There is a pleasing peculiarity in the writings of our great coun- tryman, which our readers must have often remarked. '■ We referred on a recent occasion to the remark of Sir James Mackintosh, that 'the memorable instances of Cicero and Milton, and still more those of Dryden and Burke, seem to show that there is some natural tendency in the fire of cenius to burn more briirhtly or to blaze more fiercely in the evening than in the morning of human life.' We can. however, re^'ard none of these instances, nor yet that ofDugald Stewart, which Sir James also adduces, as equallv striking with the one furnished by the literary history of Sir David. The poet who produced, while yet a boy, the Hymn of the Nativity, did not leave himself much room for future im- provement, in at least poetic feelicK and conception ; and in the earlier writings of Dryden and Burke, we find no equivocal pro- mise of what was afterwards to be accomplished in the Ode to St. Cecilia's Day, and the Reflections on the French Revolution. In the earlier compositions of Sir David, on the other hand— always severe in style, and sternly scientific in form— there is conipara- tivelv little indication of that rich flow of fancy and imagination, and that fertility of happy illustration, which his later writings exhiliit. As in 'the far west, his year of life enjoys an 'Indian summer' greatly richer and more gorf:e<:)US in its scenery than any of the seasons that have gone before. There is something inex- pressibly pleasing in exhibitions of this kind. A vigorous and still youthful mind lodged in a material framework which has served its purposes during the ordinary term of life, and gives evi- dence that, though age presses upon it but lightly, his touch is there, is of itself an argument for the immortality of the better part. Were soul and body to perish together, they would surely exhibit traces of the same decay. Further, too. it is a singularly agreeable sight, as illustrative of that happiest condition of ad- vanced life, which the Psalmist could descrit'e as peculiarly the gift of God to his own. In old age, when others failed and faded, the riL'bfenns man was still to tiring forth fruit and blossom, as in his fnsb ,iod Yi'.xnrous years. There was to be .sap and fatness in his un>hrivr|l. li tnnik. and green leaves and bright flowers on all his buuiihs.'— lUoH Miller: Edinburgh }\''itn€ss. 2-13 BRE The Plurality of Worlds is now ascribed to Mr. J. S. Smith, of Baliol Collejje, Oxford. Brewster, Sir Francis. Trade and Navigation,1695. Brewster, James. Lectures on our Lord's Sermon on the Mount, Edin. and Lon., 1S09, Svo. ■' Alw-Hys cle.ir, generally judicious, .ind sometimes discriminat. inir." — Ijftn. Christian Observ'T. Brewster, John, educated at Lincoln College, Ox- ford, d. 184,3. Theolog. and other works, 1792-1S18. The Parochial History and Antiquities of Stockton-upon- Tecs, 1796, 4to. Meditations of a Kecluse, ISOO, 12mo. Meditations of the Ageii, 1810, Svo. '■ The Meditations of Brewster are much admired." — Lowndes. Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. Svo; 2d edit., Lon., 1831, 1 vol. Svo. These Lectures are an imitation of Bishop Porteus's excellent Lectures on the Gospel according to St. Matthew. ■■ Mr. Brewster is full of illustrations from the fcthers and di- vines of various .ages ; and his own remarks are not trite, but lively, as well as just." — British Critic. Contemplations on the Last Discourses of our Blessed Saviour with his Disciples, *tc., Lon., 1S22, Svo. Brewster, Richard. Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 2i, 4to. Brewster, Samuel. Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1700, '01. Svo. Brewster, Samuel. Jus feeiale Anglicanum, or a Treat, of the Law of Eng. rel. to "War and Rebellion, 1725. Brewster, Samuel. Collectanea Ecclesiastica, Lon., 1752, 4to. See in this work a treatise by Bishop Walton, entitled A Treatise concerning the Payment of Tythes in London. Brewster,'\ViIliam. Theolog.Anecdotes, 3d ed.,1812. Brian, Thomas. The P. Prophet, Lon., 1037, 4to. Briaut, Alexander, 1,557-1581. entered at Hart Hall, Oxford, 1557, executed for high treason at Tyburn, 1581, wrote whilst in prison Litera; ad Reverendos Patres So- cietatis Jesu in Anglia degentes, and some Letters to his Friends and Afflicted Catholics. See Athen. Oxon. Bribner, Francis. His Declaration, June 17. 16S8, containing his reasons for renouncing the Roman Catholic, and embr.acing the Protestant Religion ; fol. Brice, Alexander. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1766; Astronomy and Natural History. Brice, Andrew. Geograph. Diet., Exeter, 1760, 2 v. fol. The Mobiad; a Poem, Oxf.. 1770, Svo. Brice, J. Divinity of the Messiah, 1800, Svo. Brice, John. Laws of the U. S. in force relative to commercial sulijccts, Baltimore, 1831. Brice, Thomas. A Compendious Register in Metre, contoining the Names and pacient Suffryngs of the Mem- bres of Jesus Christ, and the tormented and cruelly burned within England, Ac, London, by John Kyngston, 1559, sm. Svo. Brice, Thomas. History, ic. of Exeter, Svo. Brichan, David, D.D. Sermons, 1805, '015; 2 vols, do. 1S0/-12, Svo. ''The elocution of the style is supported by a closeness, ma- turity, and dignity of sentiment, that we have not often wit- nessed." — EcUctic Beview. " His style is strength, rather than elegance." — Mnnthty Revii:w. " The general character of these Iiiscourses is a masculine vigour, a thorough acquaintance with the different subjects discussed^ and an earnest, though by no means an enthusiastic, zeal in endea- vouring to impress the great truths of Christianity on the hearers." —Brit. Crit. Brickell, John, M.D. The Natural History of North Carolina, with engravings, 1743, Svo; Dubl., 1723, '37, '39, Svo, 1743, Svo. Cat. of American Trees and Shrubs, which will endure the climate of England, Lon.. 1739, fol. Brickini;ton, Stephen. See Birciii.vgtox. Bricknell, W. S. Notices of the Oxford Tracts, Ac. 1S45, ic. Bridall, John. See Bryball. Bridecake, Ralph. Sermon, 1730, 4to. Bridecake, T. Medical Treatise, 1SI17. Bridferth, flourished 9S0, a British monk, and the most eminent mathematician of his day, was a teacher of the school at Ramsey. '• Bridforth's Commentaries, on the two treati-ses of Bede, D Xatura Kerum. and De Temporum liatione. are extremely valu able for the light they throw on the method of teaching in the Anglo-Saxon schools. They are probably nothing more than notes on the lectures delivered in the school at Ramsey. Bede's Trea- tises were still the text-books of the -^nglo-Saxon scholars." Bridferth loft comments on the tracts De Indigitatione and De Ratione Unciarum, published under the name of Bede. Pits attributes to him De Principiis Mathematicis, lib. i., and De Institutione Monachorum, lib. i. ; and Ma- billon gives him credit for the MS. Life of Dunstan, printed in the Acta Sanctorum, torn. iv. 1685. This opi- nion is generally concurred in. Bridferth 's Commentariea wiU be found in some editions of Bede's works; Colon. Agrip., 1612, tom. i. ie. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.; Pits's De Illustribus, Ac. Bridil, E. P. Grammatical Treatises, Ac, 1799-1807. Bridge, Bewick. Mathematical Lectures, 1810-11, 2 vols. Svo. '• A valuable introduction to the science." — Low>'DE8. Other mathematical treatises, lSll-21. Bridge, Francis. Sermon, 1684. Bridge, Josiah, d. 1801, aged 61, minister of East Suilbury, M.assachusetts, pub. an Election Sermon, 17S9. Bridge, Samuel. Treatises on the MiIitia,lS03-09. Bridge, Thomas, d. 1715, aged 58. a minister of Boston, Massachusetts, was a native of Hackney, Eng- land. Sermons. 1705, '10, '13. Bridge, William, 1600-1690, an eminent Puritan divine, w.as educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge. He preached for a time at Norwich, but being silenced for Nonconformity, went to Rotterdam, where he took charge of a congregation. In 1642 he returned to Eng- land, became minister of Great Yarmouth, whence he was ejected in 1662. He was also a member of the West- minster -\ssembly. Archbishop Laud thus refers to him. " In Norwich, one 5Ir. Bridge, rather than he would conform, hath left his lecture, and two cures, and is gone into Holland. On the margin of this pass.age, Charles I. wrote : ' Let him go ; we are well rid of him !' '' — Lititd's Troubles and Trials. Bridge pub. Sermons, 1 641, '68, '71, '73 ; a Reply to Dr. Terne, 1643, 4to. Life of Jessy, 1671, Svo. His princip,al works appeared in 1657, 2 vols. 4to. In 1845 his Works, now first collected, were pub. in 5 vols. Svo ; containing above 100 sermons. Among the most noted of his dis- courses were nine sermons, entitled Seasonable Truths ia Evil Times, 1668, Svo. His sermons on Faith were highly recommended by the Countess of Huntingdon. Bridge was very studious in his habits. " He possessed a library well furnished with the fathers, school- men, and critics. He v as a very close student, rising everv' mcrn- ing, both in winter and summer, at four o'clock, and continuing in his library until eleven." Bridgeman, G. .Admiral Duncan's Victory, 1797. Bridgeman, Thomas. 1. Young Gardener's Assist- ant, N.Y'., 1S47, Svo. 2. Florist's Guide. 3. Fruit-Culti- vator's Manual. 4. Kitchen-Gardener's Instructor. Bridgemau, William. Trans, from the Greek, 1804, '07. Moral Philusoj^hy from Aristotle, Pythagoras, Ac. Bridgeman. See Bridgman. Bridgen, R. Antiq. of Sefton Church, 1822, fol., Ac. Designs for Grecian and other Furniture. 1S38, 4to. In- terior Decorations of Sefton Church, Lancashire, fol. Sketches of West Indian Scenery, imp. 4to. Bridgen, William. Assize Sermon, 1712, Svo. Bridges, Charles, Vicar of Old Newton. Exposi- tion of Psalm liyth, as illustrative of the character and exercises of Christian Experience, Lon., 1S38, 12mo ; lyth edit., 1849. " An excellent manual of religion, plain, practical, and devo- tional." — Lon. Eclectic Revieiv. '■Its interpretations are unesceptionably ev.angelical ; its rea- sonings are close and connected: and its appeals to the he^rt are such as to approve themselves to the experience of every devout believer in Christ." — Lon. Eeang-:lical Mag. The Christian Ministry, with an Inquiry into the Causes of its Inefficiency, and with an Especial Reference to the Ministry of the E.stnblishment. Lon., 1829, 12mo. " A truly valu.able and profitable book, and well deserving of a place among the books of every young minister." — Bickersteth. An Exposition of the Book of Proverbs, Lon., IS46, 2 vols. ]2mo; 2d edit., with additions, 1847; 3d edit., 1850. The exposition of the first nine chapters has been pub. separately, under the title of A Manual for the Y'oung. '' The most lucid and satisfactory commentary on the Book of Proverljs that we have met with: and though it is of a popular cast, and quite within the scope of the general reader, it is a book Hhich clergymen will find it to their advantage frequently and diligently to consult." Ess.ay on Family Prayer, 12mo. Sacramental Instruc- tion. 12mo. Scriptural Studies. ISmo. Bridges, George, d. 1677. The Memoirs of the Duke of Rohan, trans, from the French, Lon., 1660, Svo. See Censura Litcraria. vol. iv. Bridges, James. Polit. State of Scotland, IS18, Svo. Bridges, Jeremiah. Tlie Foot of the Horse, 1752. Bridges, John, d. 1590. Trans, of Gualter's 175 Hoiuclyes, 1572. Bridges, John, Bishop of Oxford, d. 161S. Supre- macie of Christian Princes, Ac, 1573, 4to. Defence of BRI BRI the Gouernment established in the Church of England, Ac, 15S7, 4to. Quatuor Evangelia, 1604, 8vo. " 11^ was eminent fur his theolofj;ifal writings, more especLiUy as a defender nf the church against the Puritans.*' — Cetuura Lit''ya}-ia, fol. ii. Martin Marprelate (Penrv) does not seem to have placed a hi;;^h value nn the hislmp's Defence nf the Church. Brid?;es, John, b. :ibout lf)r>ti. d. 1724. an eminent anliiiuarj* about 1719 began to make Collections towards , R Histurj of Northamptonshire. He collected enough ma- terials to fill 30 fulio, 5 4to, and 5 small volumes. He died before he was ready for the press, and the MSS. were placed in the hands of Dr. Samuel Jebb, who pub. Parts 1. 2, and a portion of No. 3, 1737, &c. The work was stopped at the press by want of means and other diffi- culties, and it was not until 1701 that the History ap- j peared, edited by the Rev. Peter Whalley, Oxford, 2 vols. I ful. For an intere?ting account of this work, and the causes 1 of its slow progress to publication, see Nichols's Lit. Anec- dotes, vol. ii. *• Mr. Bridge's History of Xorthamptonsbire is a model to all county historians; and it is heartily to be wished th:it some native may be found, heir to his skill and public spirit, and meet ■with due enenuraL'ement to continue the labours of Mr. Bridires. I have many materials for the purpose : which should not be with- held from any one qualified for the task." — Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, ; vol. ii. I For lists of works on British Topography, see Nichols and Sons' (sou aud grandson of the celebrated John Ni- chols) current catalogues, and Henry G. Buhn's Guinea Catalogue, 1S41. Bridges, Sir JoUu. Legal Treatises. Reports, Lon., 1051. '- A very learned and ingenious author, whose Lejral Treatises are less known than they ought to be." — 0:nsura Li(eraria.\o\Av. Bridges, 3Iatthew. The testimony of profane An- tiifuity to the account given by Moses of Paradise and the Fall of Man, Lon., lS2o, 8vo. Roman Empire under Con- stantine the Great, Lon., 1828, Svo; 7 copies on large paper, Babbiconibe and other Poems, 12mo. Jerusalem ReL'ained : .a Pueni, Svn, Bridges, \oJili, Vulgar Arithmetique. 1653, 12mo,etc. Bridges, Kalpli, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1700, '24, *27. '3S, 4to. Bridges, Robert, Professor of Chemistry in the Phil. C'dlege of Pharmacy, &c. Fownes's Elementary Chemistry. 3d Ainer., edit., from the last London edit., with additions, Phila., 1854, r. 12mo. See Fownes, Georcb. Bridges, Thomas. New Trans, of Homer's Iliad, adapted to the capacity of honest English Roast Beef and Pudding Eaters, 1TG4."2 vols. 12mo. ■' A work full of humour, but which often transgresses the bounds of decency."' — Luwndes. Dido; a Comic Opera, 1771, Svo. The Dutchman; a Musical Entertainment, 1775, Svo. Adventures of a Bank Note; a Xovl-I. Bridges, Walter. A Catechism for Communicants, Lon., 1615. 8vn. Bridges, William. Sermons, 1643, '67. Bridget, Mrs. 1. Mortimer Hall. 2. B. of Falcon- berg. 1811. '15. Bridgewater, Rev. Francis Henry Egerton. eighth Earl of. 1756-1829, was educated at Eton, and All Souls' College, O.\ford, where he tnok the degree of M.A. in 1780. His father, the Bishop of Durham, ap- pointed him a Prebendary of Durham in 1780. and in 1781 the Duke of Bridgewater presented him to the rectory of Middle in Shropshire, and in 1797 to that of Whit- church in the same county. In 1823 he succeeded his brother in his titles. For many years before his death he resided entirely at Paris. In 1796 he pub. in 4to an edit, of the llippolytus of Euripides. He also edited A Frag- ment of an Ode of iSappho from Longinus, and an Ode of Siippho from Dionytius Halicarn., in Svo. In 1793 he prepared for the Biographia Britannica a Life of Lord Chancellor Egerton, (see vol. v.) 250 copies of this Me- moir, considerably enlarged, were privately printed by him in 1798. This enlarged memoir, and a life of the Bishop of Durham, were intended by the publishers, at the author's request, for the 6th vol. of the Biog, Brit, His lordship pul). several other pieces : see Memoir in Gent. Mag. He left his collections of MSS. and antiqui- ties, and a sum of money, to the Brit. Museum. The earl had been deeply impressed with the value of well-digested argumentative treatises upon the subject of man's relations to his Maker. He himself drew up a work upon the sub- ject, which was privately printed at Paris, by Didot. By his last Will and Testament, he bequeathed the sum of eight thousand pounds sterling to be paid to the person or persons who should be appointed by the President of the Royal Society to prepare a work "On the Power. Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation, illustrating such work by all rea.^onal.Ie argu- ments; as. for instance, the variety and formation of God's rrea- tures in the animal, vegetatile. and mineral kinfrdoms; the effect of di;iestion, and thereby of conversion; the construction of the hand of man, and an infinite variety of other arguments; as also by discoveries, ancient and modern, in arts, sciences, and in the whole extent of literature."' One thousand copies were to be printed, and the profits were to be paid to the nuthor or authors selected for this important duty. The following gentlemen were honoured by the appointment, it being determined to publish eight separate essays : 1. The Rev. Thomas Chnlmer?, D.D., Professor of Di- vinity in the University of Edinburgh, On the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God as manifested in the Adap- tation of External Nature to the Moral and Intellectual Constitution of Man. {2 vols. 8vo ; 6th edit., 1S40.) 2. John Kidd, M.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Medi- cine in the University of Oxford, On the Adaptation of External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man. (Svoj 5th edit., 1837.) 3. The Rev. William Whewell, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, Astronomy and General Phy- sics considered with reference to Natural Theology. (8vo ; 7th edit., 1839.) 4. Sir Charles Bell. K.G.H., F.R.S., L. & E., The Hand : its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as evincing Design. (Svo; 4th edit., 1837.) 5. Peter Mark Roget, M.D., Fellow and Secretary of the Royal Society, On Animal and ^'egetable Physiology, considered with reference to Natural Theology. {2 vols. Svo; 3d edit., 1840.) 6. The Rev. William Bucklanrt, D.D., F.R.S., Cnnon of Christ Church, and Professor of Geology in the University of Oxford, On Geology and Mineralogy. {2 vols. Svo; 2d edit., 1837.) 7. The Rev. William Kirby, M.A.. F.R.S., On the His- tory, Habits, and Instincts of Animals. (2 vols. Svo ; 2d ediL, 18.^,5.) 8. William Prout, M.D., F.R.S., Chemistry, Meteorology, and the Function of Digestion, considered with reference to Natural Theology. (8vo ; 3d edit., 1845.) In all, 12 volumes. The names of the above writers are a sufficient guarantee of the value of their respective es- says. Great fault has been found with the manner in which the trust has been discharged : "Such a bequest is without parallel in the history of our litera- ture, but, unfortunately, the intention of the munificent noitle- man has been al'solutely perverted. Instead of one distinct • woi-k on Natural Theology, whith would have been translated into every written language, and which would have formed a more than Euroi>ean monument to the liberality and piety of our coun- tryman,' ei;_^ht independent treatises have appeared, and to them the favoured pulilisher has affixed such exorbitant prices as to prevent the less wealthy classes of society from benefiting by his lordship's generosity." So argues an indignant objector. Perhaps much might be said on the other side, but as we have no space for dis- cussion, we will only refer the reader to the Edinburgh Review, Lon. Quarterly Review, Westminster Review, Eraser's Magazine, the Athena?um, &c. A new ed. of the Bridgewater Treatises, thoroughly revised and improved, has been pub. by Mr. Bnhn in his Scientific Library. The go-calUd Ninth Bridgewater Treatise, a Fragment, by Charles BaVibage, was pub. 1837. Bridgewater, John, d. about IfiOO, who in hi? writ- ings calls himself Aqua Pontanus, was entered of Hurt Hall, Oxford, and there removed to Braseno-rthampton, Ac. 2. Me- morials of the Dead in Boston, with the Inscriptions on the Mommients and Tombstones in Copp's Hill Burying Ground. 3. Memorials of the Dead in Boston, with In- scriptions on the Monuments and Tombstones in King's Chapel Burying Ground. Bridgwater, Benjamin. Keligio Bibliopola; ; in imitation of Dr. Browne's Religio Medici, with a supple- mcB." ^0 it, Lon., 1691, Svo. "H; "as of Trinity College in Cambiidge. and M. A. His ge- nius was very rich, and ran much upon Poetry, in which he ex- celled. He was, in part. Author of ' Religio Bibliopokc' But. alas! in the issue, "Wine and Love were the ruin of this ingenious Gentleman." — Dunt>m's Life and Errors, 177. The other " author in part" of Religio Bibliopolie is supposed to have been no less a person than that odd member of the profession, John —not " glorious John" — but gossiping John, himself. But the .authorship of this work has been attributed to another person. Briganti,Joseph E. India Raw Silk. Lon., 1 779, Svo. Briggs, Charles F., b. at Nantucket, resides in New York, has gained some celebrity as the nutlior of Harry Franco, a Tale of the Great Panic, 2 vols. 1837. The Haunted Merchant, 1843. Working a Passage, or Life in a Liner, 1844. The Trippings of Tom Pepper, an Autobiography. In connection with Mr. John Bisco he "^ ' ' al, and for some time he BRl "Mr. Briggs has evinced both wit and humour of a high order in his Harry Franco, and other novels aud sketches." — K. W. Gp-I^swold. Briggs, Henry, 1556-1630, an eminent mathemati- cian, a native of Warley Wood, near Halifax, Yorkshire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, of which he liecame Fellow in 1588 ; examiner and lecturer in Ma- thematics in 1592; first Professor of Geometry in Gresham College. London. 1596 ; first Savilian Professor of Geome- try, 1619. At Oxford he settled himself at Merton Col- lege, and between his lectures aud studies passed a most studious life. His interest in Lord Napier's discovery of logarithms was evinced by his conference with his lordship respecting an alteration of the scale, and his valuable publications on the subject. Logarithmorum Chilias prima. Lon., 1617, Svo. Arithmetica Logarithmica. Ac, Lon.. 1624. tol. ; enlarged, printed under the care of Adrian Vlacq, in French, Gonda, 1628, fol. In English, Lon., 1631, foL This great work contains the logarithms ot 30.000 natural numbers, to 14 places of figures beside the index ! Briggs died before this work was perfected as he designed ; but his friend Henry Gcllibrand brought it to completion in 1633, under the title of Trigonometi'ia Britannica, Ac, Gonda, fol. Briggs pub. some other mathematical works, and A Treatise of the North-West Passage to the South Sea, Lon., 1052, 4to. ; reprinted in Purchas's Pilgrims, vol. iii. 852. Among the sons of English mathematical science, it is doubtful if there have arisen a greater than Henry Briggs. The illustrious Isaac Barrow, the learned Dr. Smith, the profound Gataker and Oughtred concur in celebrating the praise? of the "mirror of the age for his excellent skill in Geometry." "Virdoctrina clarus. stupor mathematicorum; moribus ac vita integerrimuf .Ac."— ii'cyi'sfcr of Mftim OiUege. See Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Brit. ; Life in Smith's Vitae Erudit. ; Ward's Gresham Professors ; Martin's Lives of the Philosophers ; Lilly's Life and Times. Briggs, J. Sermons, 1775, '77, Svo. Briggs, James, Surgeon. Practical Obs. on Diseases of the Eye. Lon., 18116, Svo. An Index to the Anatomical, Medical, Chirurgical, and Physiological Papers contained in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from the commencement of that work, to the end of the year 1817; chronologically and alphabetically arranged, Lon., 1818, 4to. By means of this valuable index a vast amount of scientific lore is rendered easily accessible. Briggs, John, Lt.-Col. in the Madras Army. 1. The History of the Rise of the Mahommed.an Power in India till the Y'ear A.D. 1612; trans, from the Persian of Ma- homed Kasim Ferishta, Lon., 1829, 4 vols. Svo. 2. Laud- Tax in India, 1830, 8vo. 3. Hussein-Khan's Mahom- medan Power in India ; revised by J. B. : vol. i., 1832, Svo. 4. State of the Cotton-Trade in India, 1839, Svo. Briggs, .loseph. Theolog. treatises, 1675, Ac. Briggs, Richard. English Art of Cookery, 17SS, Svo. Briggs, Robert, M.D. Con. to Nic Joiir., 1804. Briggs, William, M.D., b. about 1650, d. 1704, a native of Norwich, England, was educated at Bene't Col- lege, Cambridge. He was Physician-in-Ordinary to Wil- liam III., and celebrated for his skill in diseases of the eye. Ophthalmographia, Camb., 1676, Svo; 2d edit., 1687. In 16S5, at the request of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Isaac Newton, he pub. a Latin vei'sion of his Theory of Vision: to this there is prefixed a recommendatory epistle by Newton. The papers ujion the New Theory of Vision will be found in Phil. Trans., 16S1, 4to. He contributed some other papers to Phil. Trans., 16S4. Brigham, Amariah, M.D., 1798-1849, b. in Berk- shire CO., JIass.. Supt. of the Retreat for the Insane at Hartfiird, 1840-42, and became Supt. of the N.Y^ Slate Lunatic Asylum at Utica, 1843. 1. Asiatic Cholera, 1S32. 2. Influence of Religion on Health, 1835, 12mo. 3. Dis- eases of the Brain, 1S36, 12mo. 4. Remarks on the In- fluence of Mental Cultivation and Mcnt.al Excitement upon Health. 1S45. 12mo. 5. T'tica .Asvlum Souvenir, 1849, ISmo. Brigham, Rev. Charles H., born Boston, 1S20. Letters of Foreign Travel. 2 vols. Life of the Rev. Simeon D.iggett. Numerous Pamphlets, Sermons, Ac. Brigham, Nicholas, d. 156'.), educated at HtirtHall, Oxford. Memoirs, by way of Diary, in 12 Books. Mis- eeltiiucous Poems. Bright, George, D.D. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1678-1699. Bright, Henry. The Praxis in English and Latin originated The Broadway Journal, had the editorial charge of Putnam's Monthly Magazine, Exercises, Oxf.. 17S3. New York. Mr. B. has also some pretensions to artistic Bright, J. H., 1804-1837, a n.itive of Salem, Massa- taste. Some of his opinions upon pictures will be found chusetts, contributed under the signature of " Viator," a ID the Broadway Journal. \ number of poetical pieces to the periodicals of the day. 246 BRI BRI Bright, Richard, M.D. Travels from Vienna tbronp;h Lower lluiiijary. 181S, 4to. " A^^ri.ulturi' anil st;itist"i.-.s form the principal topics of this vo- lume, whirh II mill li.L\ f I.i-.-ii equally valuable and much more iu- terestinti if the mattL-r had bi-en more compressed." — Steven.soN. Brischt, Timothy, M.D., d. 1616, Rector of Methley in Yorkshire. De Dyserasia Corporis Humani, Lon., ISSli, 12mo. Hygiene, Ac., Lon., 15S3, Svo. Motlic-iua Thera- peutiea, Lon.. 158S, Svo. Auiniailversiones in G. A. Seri- honii, Cantab., 1J84, Svo. A Treatise of Melancholie, Lon., I086, ]2uio. It has been suppo.sed liy some that Burton took the hint of his Anatomy of Melancholy from this trealise. Charaetery ; an Arte of short, swift, anJ secrete AVriling by character, Lon., 1588, 21ino. " In this Yclv int^enious work Bri'.^ht cLiims the invention of the art. It is dedicated to Q. Elizaheth." Abridgement of the Book of Acts and Monuments, Lon., 1589, 4to. Brishtland, John. Gramm.at. works, Ac. ,1711-14, etc. Bris'itlpy, ('has., Printer. Method of Casting Stereo- type, as jiractised liy the author, Bungay, Suflfolk, 1S09, Svo. Brightly, Frederick Charles, b. 1812, in Eng- land; emigrated to U..S. 1831; member Pbila. Bar, 1839. Treatise on Law of Costs, Svo. Nisi Prius Keports, 1851, Svo. Equitable Jurisdiction of the Courts of Penna., 1855, Svo. Edited Purdon's Digest of Laws of Penna., Stb ed., 1S5S, Svo; Binns's Justice, 6tb ed.,1855, Svo. An Ana- lytical Digest of the Laws of the United Slates, from the Adoption of the Constitution to the End of the XXXIV. Congress,— 1796-1857. Phila., 1858, Svo, 1142 pp. Highly commended by Chief-Justice Taney. Brightman, Thomas, 1557-1607, an English Puri- tan divine, was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge. Apoealypsis Analysi ct Soholiis, Ac., Franc., 160U, 4to ; trans, into English, Lon., 1644, fol. '* This work the Puiit^m divine persuaded himself and others was written under the infiuence of divine inspiration." He pub. a work on the Canticles, and on a portion of the Book of Daniel in Latin, B.asil, 1614, Svo. His Ex- plication of the last and most difficult part of the prophet Daniel was pub. in English, Lon., 1635, 1664, 4to. •■The '.rreat object of this Puritan's system of prophecy, both in this work, and in his Kevel.ation Kevciled, is to prove that the Pope is that antichrist whose reign is limited to 12^10 days or years; and who is then foredoomed by tJod to utter destruction." — Lowndes. Predictions and Prophecies written 46 years since con- cerning the three Churches of Germanie, England, and Scotland, 1641. 4to. Brightwell, Richard, a name assumed by John Frith. Briiiible, William. Poems, 1767, Svo. Brimsmead,\Villiam, first ministerof Marlborough, Massachusetts. Elecli..n Sermons, 1681. Briiickle, William Draper, A.M., M.D., b. 1798, Kent CO., Del.; grad. at Princeton, 1816 ; an eminent pomo- logist. 1. Remarks on Entomology, chiefly in reference to AgrieuUural Benefit, Phila., 1852, Svo. 2. American Po- mologist, Phila., 1853, 4to, coloured pUites. This work was never completed. Has contributed to various journals many valuable papers on medical subjects and on pomology. Brinckmair, L. Warnings of Germany, Lon., 1683. Briiidlcv, James, 1716-1772, a Civil Engineer of rem.arkable genius. Reports relative to a Navigaljle Com- munication betwixt the Friths of Forth and Clyde ; with Observations, Edin., 1768, 4to ; in conjunction with Thomas Yeoman, F.R.S., and John Golhorne. Briue, John, 1703-1765. a Calvinist B.aplist minister, sUtioned at Cripplegate, London. His works comprise 7 vols. Svo. Treatise on Various Subjects, 1743, '56 ; new edit., revised by James Upton. Lon., 1S13, Svo. A Vindi- cation of some truths of Natural and Revealed Religion, in answer to James Foster. 1746, Svo. Certain Efficacy of the Death of Christ Asserted, 1743, Svo. "Brine's Treatises are singularly excellent."— Kti.-VND. "He is a powerful writer, though some of his doctrm.al state- ments, as it appears to the author, are pushed beyond what the Scripture warrants."— BicKEP.STETn. Bringhurst, Isaac, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1689, fol. Briiighurst, J. Sermon, 1749, 4to. Briiikley, John, 1763-1836, Bishop of Cloyne, gra- duated at Caius College, Cambridge, B.A., 1788. He was eminent for his knowledge of mathematical science and astronomy. Elements of Plane Astronomy, 1822. Svo; the 6tb edit, was edited with notes by the Rev. Dr. Luby. " Admirable lectures on Astronomy."— ion. Qmirlcrh/ llviem. The bishop contributed a number of mathematical pa- pers to Trans. Irish Society, 1800, and to PhU. Trans., 1807, '10. Brinley, John. A Discovery of the Impostures of Witches and Astrologers, Lon., 1680, Svo. Discourse prov- ing by Scripture and Reason that there are Witches, Lon., 1686, Svo. Brinsley, John, 1600-1665, a Nonconformist divine, nephew of the eelehrated Bishop Hall, was admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge, at the age of thirteen and a half. He pub. several theological and educational works, 1612-64. His Ludus Literarius, or the Grammar School, Lon., 1612, 4to, was reprinted in 1627 with a preface by bis uncle. Bishop Hall. " lie appears to have been inflexible in the points which divided so large a body of clergymen fi-om the Church." Brinsley, John, son of the former. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1651, '52, '55, Svo. Brinsley, William. Discourses in 1667, Svo. Brisbane, John, M.D. Select Cases in the Practice of Medicine. Lon., 1762-72, Svo. Anatomy of Painting, Lon., 1769, fol. In this work will be found the six Tables of Albinus, the anatomy of Celsus, with notes, and the Physiology of Cicero. Brisbane, Maj. Gen. Sir Thomas. Mathemat Con. to Ed. Phil. Trans., 1S17. Brisman. Eng. and Swedish Lexicon, 1814, Svo. Bristead, John. Tboolog. treatises, 1743, '50, 4to. Bristed, Charles Astor, b. cityof N.York, 182U, son of Hev. John Bristed, and grandson of John Jacob Astor, founder of the Astor Libr;iry. After completing his studies at Y'ale Coll., he entered the Univ. of Cambridge, Eng., where he remained five years, and took the degree of B.A. at Trinity Coll., 1845.' 1. Selections from Catullus, 1849, re- vised and edited with additional notes. 2. Letter to the Hon. Horace Mann; being a Reply to Certain Attacks on Stephen Girard and John Jacob Astor in a work entitled ■■ Thoughts for a "5'oung Man." 3. The Upper Ten Thou- sand, New York, 1852, 12mo. 4. Five Years in an Eng- lish University. New York, 1852, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d edit., 1852, condensed into 1 vol. by the omission of certain Uni- versity Examination Exercises. The American public are debtors to Mr. Bristed for the valuable information drawn from his own experience in an English university. In a country like America — whilst we make our boast of '■ a mob of gentlemen who write with ease" — ripe classical scholar- ship is too apt to be undervalued. Bristed, Ezekicl. Sermon, 1715, Svo. Bristed, Rev. John, 177S-1S55, b. Dorsetshire, Eng., son of a clerL'yman of the Established Church, and father of C. A. BrisVed, (unte.) Educated at Winchester ColL and studied Medicine at Edinburgh. For two years a pupil in the law-offlce of the celebrated Mr. Chitty. In 1820 he became Rector of St. Michael's Church, Bristol, R.I., having succeeded Bishop Griswold. A Pedestrian Tour through part of the Highlands of Scotland in 1801. Lon., 1S04, 2 vols. Svo. Crit. and Pbilosoph. Essays, 1S04, 12mo. The System of the Society of Friends Examined, Lon., 1805, Svo. Edward and Anna, or A Picture of Human Life; a Novel, 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. The Resources of the United States of America, Ac, New York, 1818, Svo; re- printed in London under the title of America and her Re- sources, Ac., 181S, Svo. " Mr. Bristed's 'eight years' have, we fear, been spent to very little purpose, if thev have not been more proBtable to himself than his ' voluminous masses of materials relating to our Federa- tive Itepublic' are likelv to be to the world. He has certainly, however, improved, both in style and m,atter, since we made our first .icnuaintance with him as an author, which it was our fortune to do some years since, in the character 0/ a pedestrian traveller into the Highlands of Scotl.-ind. . . . AVe conclude with declaring, that however valuable a citizen may have lieen acfiuired in Mr. Bristed, and however zealous he may be for the interest of his adopted countrv. it is our sincere hope, that this, his intellectual offspring, m.ay always be considered alien from our literary com- munitv." — N>yrth AimHmn Iirview, vii. 1S18. ••We cannot avoid regarding Jlr. Bristed with some degree of respect His struL-gles are evident. In writing his bnnk. his pride in his native countrv, which all his repnliliranism has lii^en unable to overcome, hiis frequently had to contend with the tlat- tering but unsubstantial prospect with which the prophetic lully that ever accompanies democracy has impressed his mind to a de- gree almost equalling that of the vain people with whom ho 18 domiciled." Sic.—Lmi. Qunr. Krv. , . , . ^t v Thoughts on the Anglican and Anglo-Amer. Churches; bein" a Reply to Mr. WiUcs's Work on Correlative Claims and Duties, New York and Loudon. See Eclectic Review for January, 1823. „ „ „ Bristol, John, Bishop of. See THORNBonoirGH. Bristol, Earls of. See Digby, George, Johs. Briston, Mrs. A. Trans, of the Maniac; and Poems, orii'inal and trans.. 1810, 12mo. Bristow, J. A. A New Song to an Old Tune, 1811. Bristow, James. Narr. of his Sufferings in Cap- tivity in India for Ten Y'ears, Lon., 1793, Svo. BRI Bristow, J. C. Poet, Works, Lon., 1850, 5 vols. p. Svo. Bristow, Richard, 1j3!i-1oS1, a noted advoeate of the C'liurch of Kome, was entered of Christ Church Col- lege, Oxf..rd, in liio; B.A., 1559; M.A., 1562; Fellow of Exeter College, 1567. Dr. Allen made him the first mo- derator in the English College founded by him at Douay, and Bristow was the first member of that college who be- came a priest. A Brief Treatise, io. ; or. Motives unto the Catholic Faith, Antwerp, 1574, 16mo; trans, into Latin, Douay, 1608, 4to. " Tlie said book contains, with great perspicuity, order, and art, divers most excellent works, wherel)y to discern in religion the true judgment of the Catholic Church from the false vanity of tlie heretics, &c. : it is also in all points catliolic, learned, and worthy to be read and printed.'" — D. W. Allen. This work led to a controversy with Dr. Will. Fulke, of Cambridge, and several books were published. Tubula, Ac. St. Thomte Ac|uinatis, 1579. Fifty-one Demands to be proposed by Catholics to Hereticks, Lon., 1592, 4to. He was concerned in the trans, of the Old and New Testa- ment pub. at Rheims, aud wrote m,any of the commen- taries in the latter. Sec Alan, William. Veritatcs Aurea; S. R. Ecclesiae Antoritabus vet. Patrum, ic, 1616, Bristow, W. Corporation Acts, Lon., 1789, Svo. Bristow, Whitseii. Poems, Lon., 1811, Svo. Britain, Jonathan. Uis life, written by himself, 1772. Svo. Britaine, William de. The Dutch Usurpation, and their Behaviiiur to the Kings of (Jreat Britain. Lon., 1672, 4to ; reprinted in Harleian Miscelljiny, vol. iii. The In- terest of England in the Present War with Holland, Lon., 1672, 4to. On Human Prudence; or. The Way by which a Man may raise himself to Fortune and Grandeur, Lou., 169.S, 1702, Svo; 1710, 12mo. Brittle, Miss Emily. The Indian Guide; or, A Journal of a Voyage to the East Indies in the Year 17S0; in a I'oetical Epistle to her mother, Calcutta, 1785, Svo. Brittou, John, 1771-1S57, born at Kingston St. Michael, near Chippenham, Wiltshire, one of the most eminent antiquaries of modern times, commenced author- ship in an humble w.ay by compiling some street-song books, and an account of the (1.) Surprising Adventures of Pizarro. Some short notices prepared for the Sporting Magazine made him acquainted with Mr. Wheble, its pub- lisher; and to the connexion thus formed Mr. Britton owed his introduction into the career which he S() long and ho- nourably pursued. 2. Voyages of Columbus and Cortes, Lon., 1799. Svo. .3. Beauties of Wiltshire, Lon., 1801. 2 vols. Svo: vol. iii., 1825. 4. The Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain. Lon., 1805-26, 5 vols. 4to. "This is n tnilv spb-iidid and interestini; )>ro*iuction. — scientific enough to I \i itr ['I '>ri-^liin;ll atteTllion, and Mlffiri>>iitly pirtlirc^que anddivi-r»lli"l l., alLn^l an ampl,- trrut to th,' t"-"''ral rvajl.T. Itdurs high credil tij till, t.ustc iiuJ industry ot tlie iudefiti^able author, and is a real honour to the country." — iVciw Anniiai Register, 1S15. 5. The Cathedral Antiquities of Great Britain, 1814-32, 311 engravings, fi vols. 4to, £33; large paper, £55. "The task which Browne Wdlis left imperfect has been under- taken by Mr. Britton, who h.TS contributed more than any other person to the illusiratinu of our architectural antiquities." — Lon. Qltarterlif Jieview. S^qit. Is2ii. 6. Picturesque ,\utiquities of English Cities, 1830, r. 4to. r. Union of Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, 1S27, r. fol. 8. Fine Arts of the English School, 1812. 9. A Dictionary of the Architecture and ArchiBology of the Middle Ages, 1830-38, r. Svo. imp. 4to. 10. An Historical aud Architectural Essay relating to Redcliffe Church, Bristod, 1813, 4to. 11. Fonthill Abbey, 1823. 12. Public Buildings of London, from drawings Ijy A. Pugin. 1828- 33, 2 vols, r. Svo. 13. Historical Notices of Windsor Castle, 1842. 14. Memoir of John Aubrey, 1845. 15. The Author- ships of the Letters of Junius Elucidated, 1848. We regret that we have not si)ace for the enumeration of Mr. B.'s other praiseworthy pulilications, 87 in all. See a Brief Memoir of his Life and Writings in the 3d vol. of the Beauties of Wiltshire, and Autobiography, 1849, '50, 2 vols. r. Svo and 4to. " We are persuaded that to him, more than to any other indi- vidual, we are indebted for a rapidly progressive inqjrovement iu the pictorial delineations of our architectural antiquities."— ion. Gent. Mig.. April, 1S18. " Mr. Britton stands conspicuous among the labourers on the more lil^eral and pleasing traits of autiquarianism. lie lias long been contributing largely to the gratification of a rational taste for what may be called the monunients of past ages." — Eclectic Bcview, May, 1816. "Mr. Britton's life is one of usefulne^a, — an example to the in- dustrious, a stimulus to the young, in every rank of society, who may be ambitious to tread the paths of literature with honour to themselves and benefit to the public." — Lon. Lit. GiizeiU. Oct. 1825. "Mr. Britton is not a mau of marked originality or great mental power; but. as a careful and diligent writer in a branch of litera- 243 BRO tnre which h,id been cultivated chiefly by minute antiquarians, he did excellent service in calling the attention of the educated public to- Die lon;;-neglected topographical and architectural antiquities of England: there can be little doubt that his elegantly-illustrated works luave been a chief exciting cause in bringing about the im- proved state of public feeling with reference to our national anti- (l\ulKs:'—Kni!jhCs Eiig. Cyc., Div. Bing., vol. i., q. v. See Bhayley. Edward Wedlake. Britton, Pfich. Bowre of Delights, Lon., 1597, 4to; doubtless the same as NiCH. Buetox, {q. r.) Britton, Thomas Hopkins. Hoiae Sacramentales: The Sacramental Articles of the Church of England vin- dicated from Recent Misrepresentations, Ac. " A very elabomte and learned work, detailing sentiments of th Reformers in opposition to the views of Mr. Gorham." — English Review. Broackes, M'illiam. Constipation treated Homeo- pathically, Lon., r2mo. Cutaneous Diseases treated Ho- meopathically, 12mo. Observations on Homeopathic Doc- trines, 12jno. Broad, or Broda-us, Thomas, 1577-1639, an Eng- lish divine. A Timchstone for a Christian, 1618, 12mo. On the Sabbath, 1621. '27, 4to. Broadbcnt. Domcstick Coffe Man, Lon., 1720, 4to. Broadhent, \\ illiam. ,«ernions, 1816, 12mo. Broadhurst, Edward. Sermons, 1733, Svo. Broadhurst, Rev. Thomas. Address on Defence of Country, 1803. To Young Ladies on the Improvement of their Mind, 1808, 12mo; 2d edit., 1813. Funeral Ora- tions on Military Men; from the Greek, 1812, Svo. Sub- stance of a Speech against the Proposed Alteration in the Corn-Laws. 1814, Svo. Broadley, John. Pandora's Box, 1801, Svo. Broadley, Robert. Lectures on the Services, Creeds, and Offices of the Chur, Svo. Brocklesbv, John, b. 1811, Eng; came to U.S. 1820; grad. at Yale Coll., 1835: Prof. Math. 4e. Trinity Coll., Hartford, 1842-58. 1. Elements of Meteorology; 15th ed., 185S. 12mo. Highly recommended by Donison Olmsted, LL.D., J. L. Comstoek, M.D., Benj. Silliman, LL.D., and others. Republished iu England and Scotland. 2. Views of the Microscopic World, 12mo. 3. Elements of Astronomy, 12mo. 4. Common-School Astronomy. BRO BRO Brocklesby, Richard. Ad Explicntion of the Gns- pel-theism, and, the Divinity of the Christian Religion, Luu., 17'J6, fol. " A leai-iu'd .Hiid curious work." — LnwNPES. Brocklesby, Richard, M.D., 1722-1797, the gene- rous friend ui' .Samuel Johnson and Edmund Burke, deserves ever to be held in honoured rememhrance. Some of his profess, essays will be found in Phil. Trans. Abr., 1747, '55, and in Med. Obs. and Inq., 1707. He pub. an Essay con- cerning the Mortality of the Horned Cattle, Lon., 1746, 8vo. Economical and Med. Observations, 1764, Svo, and some other works. "As an instance of extraordinary liberality, Johnson told us that Dr. Brocklesby had upon this occasion (his contemplated journey to Italy, for the restoration of his health] offered him a hundred [pounds] a year for his life. A grateful tt-ar started into his eye, as he spoke this In a faltering tone." — Boswell. He also urged Dr. Johnson to live with him, that he miglit have him continually under his cnre. " My physician in ordinary is Dr. Itrocklesby, who comes almost every day." — Johnson to Mm. Tkrob\ Lnndo>}, Oct. 6, 17S3. "The kiud attention which you have so long shown to my health and happiness makes it as much a deht of gratitude as a call of interest to give you an account of what beCills me, when accident removes me from your immediate care. . . . You write to me with a zeal that animates, and a tenderness that melts, me." — Jofin-^fn to Brocl.h:shy, a few months before Johnson's death. This benevolent man had placed Edmund Burke's name in his will for £1000, but considering that Burke might die first, (which he did l>y five months,) he insisted upon presenting him with the money, which he did in the most handsome manner. '■That you may long live, — for talent an ornament to human kind, and fur your country, your friends, and fiimily, (he same happy man iu prosperity, as you have ever approved yourself whilst withdrawn from the sunshine of a court — this, with much more, (if any thing can be better,) is the fervent wish of, My dear Burke. Your sincere and ever affectionate humble servant, London, Jidy 2. 17S8. Richard Brocelesby." Brocliwcll, Charles. See Brocklesby. BrockweH, Joseph. Exps. of the Lord's Prayer,1784. Urocq, Philip Le. See Lebrock. Brotlbelt, F.R., M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799, 1805. Broiibelt, G. C. Sermons. 1799. 8vo. Broderick, >liss. Cumberland Cottage; a Tale, 181.?. 3 vols. 12mo. Broderick, Sir John. Vindication from Aspersion, 1690. 4tn. Broderip, William John, b. at Bristol, and was called to the bar in 1817; a distinguished popular natu- ralist: Fellow Linniean Soc. 1824; Geol. Soc.. 1825, Roy. Soc, 1828 ; one of the originators of the Zoological Society, and its Vice-President. He was one of the princi- pal contributors to the Penny Cyclopedia, and is the author of the chief portion of the Zoology of Knight's English Cyclopedia. After editing a legal work on Sewers, he pub., in counettion with P. Bingham. Reports in the C. Pleas, 1819-22. 3 vols. r. 8vo: a continuation of Taunton's Re- ports: further continued by Mr. Bingham. 1. Zoological Recreations, Lon., 1847; 3d ed., 1857, p. Svo. " We believe we do not exaggerate in saying that, since the pul)- Ijcation of White's Natural History of Selborne. and of the Intro- diiction to Entomolofiy. by Kirby and Ppence. no work in our lan- guage is better calculated than the ZonIoe:ical Itecre;itions to fulfil the avowed aim of its author, — to furnisli a Iiand-book which may cltf-ri-h or awaken a love for natural history." — Lon. Qnai: Hev. 2. Leaves from the Note-Book of a Naturalist, 1851, p. Svo. Brodhead, John Romeyn, son of the Rev. Jacob Brodbend. D.I.)., wa? born in Philadelphia in 1814: gradu- ated at Rutgers College. New Brunswick, N. J., 1831. In 1839 he was attached to the U. S. Legation at the Hague, and in 1841 acted as agent of the State of New York to procure Historical Documents in Europe. In 1846 was api)ointed Secretary of Legation at London under Mr. Bancroft as minister; and in 1853 became Naval Officer of the Port of New York. 1. An Address delivered before the N. Y. Historical Society. 1844. 2. Report as Historical Agent of the State of N. Y'ork, 1845. 3. History of the State of N. York. First period, 8vo, 1853. 4. Address befnre the Clinton Hall Association, N. Y'., 1854, &c. Brodie, Alexander. History of the Ruman Govern- ment, Lon., ISIO, '14, Svo. Diary of A. Brodie, Edin., 1740. 8vo. Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins, Bart., b. 1783, Serjeant-surgeon to Queen Victnria, which post he held under William TV. and George IV., was a student of Sir Everard Home. His profession is said to produce him £10.000 per annum. 1. Account of the Dissection of the Human Foetus, in which the circulation of the blood is carried on without a heartj Phil. Trans., 1809. 2. Physio- logical Researches respecting the influence of the Brain on the actiiin of the Heart and on the generation of ani- mal heat: Phil. Trans., 1811. 3. Experiments and Obser- vations on the different modes in which Death is produced by certain Vegetable Poisons; Phil. Trans.. 1811. These papers were republished with Notes, Lon., 1831. 4. Ex- periments and 01>servations on the Influence of the Nerves of the Eighth Pair on tho Secretions of the Stomach ; Phil. Tran.s., 1814. 5. Local Nervous Affections, 1837, Svo. 6. Lectures illustrative of Various Subjects in Pathology and Surgery, 1846, Svo. " We attach a very hish value to these Lectures. Their style ia clear, demonstrative, and luiafTected, decided, and energetic, but altogether free from dopnafism or owr-confidence. They are strictly lu-actical; and much of the information which they con- tain will assuredly do the readier and his patients good service in time of need." — Medical Gazette. 7. Pathological and Surgical Observations on Diseases of the J«dnts. 1818. 8vo ; 5th ed.. 1850. Several editions of this valuable work have been published in the U.S. 8. Lectures on the Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 1832, Svo; 4th ed.. 1849. Republished in U.S. 9. Psychological Inqiiiries. lS.=i4. 12mo; 3d cd., 1856. Brodie, George. History of the Briti.sh Empire, from the Accession of Charles I. to the Restoration, 4 vols. Svo, 1822. Mr. Brodie brings grave charges against Hume's History. '• It is not well written in point of style, and the author must be considered as a writer on the popular side, but he is a mau of research and independence of mind. It is a work of weight and learniiifT. and it ajipears to me forever to have damai^ed, and most materially damai:ed. the character of Mr. Hume as an aeeurate historian. . . . ^Ir. Brodie is a se,ircher into original records.'" — P,ff. .Siiii/ffi's Lediives on Modern History. Brodie, James, Medical Con. to Phil. Trans., 1697. Brodie, >V. U. Reply to Calumnies, 1812. Brodrick) Thomas. Historia Sacra. Lon.. 1705, Svo. Hist, of the late War in the Netherlands, Lon., 1713. 2 vols. Svo. Brodiim, William, M.D. Guide to Old Age, 2 vols. Broaden, James, of Trinity College, Cambridge. Catholic Safeguards against Popery, 3 vols. Svo, Lon.. 1846. *■ A more ample treasury is now placed within the reach of tho clergy by Mr. lirogden's useful and well-timed publication, Catho- lic fjafeguards, which contain a selection of the ablest discoui'Ses on the errors of the Church of Rome, chosen from the worlds rif our eminent divines who lived during the 17th ceutury." — Bislivp of Londim's Chart/e. '* A most valuable repository of the ancient armour of the Church of England for the conflict with Rome." — Jrchdencon Hiir- riscn's Charge. Illustrations of the Liturgy and Ritual of the United Church of England and Ireland, 3 vols. p. Svo, Lon., 1842. "I may be ptrmitted to recommend a selection from the works of the great divines of the 17th century, by th« Rev. James Ilrog- den, as a most valuable addition to every parochial clergyman's.and, indeed, to every churchman's, library." — Bishop of Exeter's Charge. *' Mr. Brogden's useful Collection of Discourses on the Liturgy and Ritual of the Church." — Bishop of London's Charge. " I take this opportunity nf recommending it to a place in every churchman's library." — Archdeaaoi Thurpe's Charr/e. Brosrrave, Sir John. Statute on Jointures, 1648. Brograve, Robert. A Sermon, 1689, 4to. Brohier, J. II. English and French Cambist. 181S. Broke, or Brooke, Arthur. The Tragicall Historyo of Romeus and Juliet, written first in Italian by Eandell, nowe iu Englishe by Ar [thur] Br [oke], Lon., by Richard Tottill, 1662. 4to. Agreemente of soudry Places of Scrip- ture, seeming in shew to iarre, serwing in stead of Com- mentaryes not only for these, but others lyke. Trans, out of French, and now fyrst publyshed by Arthur Broke, Lon., 15G8, Svo. Tuberville gives us " An Kpitaph on the death of maister Arthur Brooke, drowned in passing to Newhaven," printed with his Songs and Sonets, 1567. Broke, John Gardener. His Confession of tho Christinn Faith. Trans, out of French, Lon., 1573, 'S3, Svo. Broke, Sir Robert. See Buooke. Broke, Thomas. See Brooke. Brokesby, Francis, 1637-1715. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; then Rector of Rowley; became a Nonjuror. Of Education. 1710, Svo. A Life of Christ. A Letter to Hcarne, Oxf.. 1711. Svo. Church History, 1712, Svo. Life of Dodwell. 1715, 2 vols. Svo. He also assisted Nelson in the compilation of his Companion to the Festivals and Fasts. BroUet, John. Sermon, Lon., 1642, 4to. Brokis, James, D.B. Sermon, Lon., 1553, Svo. Bromby, J. H. Visitation Sermon, 18(19, 4to. Brome, Alexander, 1620-1666. an attorney in Lord Mayor's Court, and a poet; contributed not a little to the promotion of the Restoration by the severity and ridicule with which he treated the Roundheads in the duv of their 249 BRO power. The Cunning Lovers; a Comerty. Lon., Ifi54, 4to. Fancy's Festivals. 1657, 4to. A Congratulatory Poem on the Miraculous and Glorious Return of Charles 11.. lOfiO, fol. Trans, of Horace, by Himself. Fanshaw, Holliday, Hawkins. Cowley. Ben jonson, &c. It seems he hail designed to translate Lucretius. He pub. 2 vcds. of Richard Brome's plays. Isaac Walton commends Brome highly. Brorae, Etlmnnd, Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. Sermons, 1709-12. ' Bi-omc, James. Sermons, 1678-1707. Brome, James. Travels over Scotland, Engl.ind, «nd Wales, Lon., 1700, '07, '26, Svo. Travels through Portugal, Spain, and Italy, 1712, Svo. Brome, Richard, d. 1652, originally a menial ser- vant of Ben Jonson, wrote himself into high repute. The Biog. Dramat. enumerates fifteen plays of his, besides several others which are ascribed to him. Of these the best known are The Northern Lass, 1632, 4to. The Anti- podes, 1640, 4to. The Jovial Crew, 1652, 4to. The City Wit, 165.S, Svo. The Court Beggar, 1653, Svo. Jonson compliments Brome on the Northern Lass. Two volumes containing his Ten New Plays were pub. 1653-59. La- chryma; Musarum, Lon., 1650, Svo. " liromi-. ill imitation of his master, laid it down as bis first preat point, to apijlj dusely to the study of men and manners."— Bioff. UrunuU. Brome, William. Indices quincpie ad Thcsaurum Ling. Sept. Hickcsii, Oxon.,1705. liromehcad, Joseph. Puljlic Infirmaries, 1772. Bromesgrove, Samuel. Sermon. 1704, 4to. Bromlield,>Villiam. Thool. treatises. Lon., 1725, '26. Bromlield, Sir William, 1712-1792, surgeon to fieo. III., pull, atreatise on Inocul.ation forthe Small-PoK, 1767, Svo. Chirurgical Cases and Observations. 1773, 2 vols. Svo. and some other profess, essays. Some of his papers will be foun.l in Med. Obs. and Inq.. and Phil. Trans. Bromhall, Thomas. Treatise of Spirits; or, an History of Apparitions, Oracles, Prophecies, and Predic- tions, with Dreams. Visions, and Revelations. Lon.. 1658,fol. Bromhead, E. F. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1816. Bromley, Eliza. Cave of Consenza; a Romance from the Italian. ISO!',. 2 vols. 12mo. Bromley, Sir George. Miscellanea Anglia, a Col- lection of origin.al Royal Letters, written by K. Charles I. and K. J.ames II.. and the King and Queen of Bohemia, Ac, Lon., 17S7, Svo. " A valuable collection." — Lowndes. Bromley, Henry. Catalogue of Engraved British Portraits, from Egbert the Great to the present Time, with an Appendix, containing the Portraits of such Foreigners as either by Alliance with the Royal Family of, or Resi- dence as visitors in, this Kingdom may claim a place in the British Series. Interspersed with Notices, Biographical, and Genealogical, never before published, Lon., 1793, 4to. Two Addresses on the Deplorable State of the Indians, 1S15, Svo. Bromley, John, d. 1717, a schoolmaster, is said to have had Alexander Pope for one of his pupils. Tran.s. of the Catechism of the Council of Trent, Lon., 16S7, Svo. Bromley, Uobert Anthony, d. 1806. Sermons, 1770-90. A Philosophical and Critical History of the Fine Arts, Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, in i parts, Lon., 1793-95, 4to, 2 vols. Bromlc V, Thomas. Sabb.ath of Rest, Lon., 1710, Svo. Broiiilcv, Walter. Military treatises, Lon., 1812. Bromley, William, Speaker of the House of Com- mons in 1710. Several ye.ars' Travels through Portugal, Spain, Italy, Ac, Lon., li'02. Svo. Remarks on the Grand Tour of Prance and Italy, Lon., 1692, 1705, Svo. "The tiist edition of Mr. Bromley's Grand Tour was published in 1612 and is said to h,ave been withdrawn soon aft«r, in conse- HUeuce of a chan!;e in his politics. The second edition was pub- lished, without pel-mission, bv one of the Whig party, upon an occasion when it was most likely to prove a source of annoyance; with the addition of a Table of Contents, tumins the author s ob- servations into ridicule."— Uenhy G. Boun, editor of BMiotheca Purrfann. 1.S27: I'irfe p. 703. , .,, , r Brompton, John, a Cistercian monk, and Abbot ot Jorevall or Jerevall, in Richmondshire. The Chronicon to which his name is attached extends from 6SS to the death of Richard I., 11 98. It is printed in Decern Script. Hist. Anglia;, Lon., 1652, fol. "It is not indeed likely that this history was written by any member of the Abbey of Joroval, since it takes no notice ot the foundation of that monastery, ic, but only procured by Abbot Uromptou, and by him bestowed on his monastery." Bee Selden in Vitis X. Script. ; Tanner ; Nicolsou's English His- torical Library. Bromivich. Sermon, 1770, Svo. 250 BRO Bromwich, Bryan J'Anson. The Experienced Eco-Keeper: an Es^^ay on the Management of Bees, 1783, Svo. A Poem, 1796. Church of Home. 1797, Svo. Bronsted, P. O. Essay on the Bronzes of Siris in the British Museum. Lon., Ibl. Bronte, Charlotte, (Mrs. Nicholls,) born 1824, daughter of Rev. Patrick Bronte, curate of Haworth, in Yorkshire; married Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate, in 1854, and died in 1855. She and her two sisters have become widely known to fame under the assumed names of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell. " Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our names under those of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell,— the ambiguous choice being dic- tated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christiaa names positively masculine, while we did not Uke to declare oui^ selves women, because— without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not what is called • feminme we had a vague impression that authoresses are likely to be looked on with prejudice; we had noticed how critics sometimes use for their cLastisement the weapon of persouality, and for their roWM-d a flatteiy which is not true praise."— Biographical notice by Currer Bdl, i.c. Ciiarlutte Bruntc. Anno (Acton Bell) died in 1848. EmUy (Ellis Bell) died 1S49. Charlotte was more successful as an authoress than her si.sters. Few novels have gained such immcdiata popularity as was accorded to Jane Eyre. Wc append some notices of several of the works of the literary sisterhood. Jane Eyre : an Autobiography, Lon., 1S4S, 3 vols. p. Svo, by Currer Boll, [Charlotte Bronte.] " Almost .all that we require in a novelist the writer has, — per- ception of character and knowledge of delineating it, picturesque- ness, passion, and knowledge of hfe. Reality- deep, significant reaUty— is the characteristic of this book."— J='iaser's Magazine. '• The popularity of Jane Eyre was doubtless due in part to the freshness, i-aciness, and vigour of mind it evinced; but it was ob- tained not so much bv these qualities as by frequent dealings in mor,al paradox and bj' the hardihood of its assaults upon the pre- judices of proper people."— E. P. Whipple ; N. Amer. Jlev., Ixvil. 3o7. Shirley; a Tale, by Currer Bell, 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo. " There is greiit ability in this work ; it is full ot eloquence. The descriptive passages have seldom been surpassed in beauty and picturesqueness. The presence ot a searching power and a lofty genius is visible." — Be/Uley's Misceltawj. Wnthering Heights, by Acton Bell, 1847. " We strongly recommend it to all our readers, for we can promise them they never read any thing like it before."— Docolas Jeeeold. " It reminds us of the 'Nowlans' by Banim. It is a colossal per- formance." — Lon. AlU/s. " A work of very great t.alent." — Lon. Examiner. '■ As the characters of the tale are unattractive, so the chief in- cidents are sadiv wanting in probability. They are devoid of truth- fulness, are not'in harmony \,ith the actual world, and have, there- fore, but little more power to move our symp-athies than tlie ro- mances of the Middle Ages, or the ghost^stories which made our grand-dames tremble." — Lon. Eclectic Kcview. The Tenant of Wildfeld Hall, by Acton Bell, 3 vols. p. Svo. "We give our honest recommendation of Wildfeld IlaU as the most interesting novel we have read for a month past." — Lon. Atftenipum. . , . . „ " A story of intense interest. All is plainly simple, hut all so beautifully, so exquisitely natural, so true to the feelings of the heart, that the attention of the reader is fixed and absorbed. — Sfaval and Military Gaz. " The Tenant of Wildfeld Hall is altogether a less pleasant story than its immediate predecessor, though it resembles it in the ex- cessive clumsiness with wliicli the plot is arranged and the promi- nence given to the brut.al clement of human nature."— E. 1. Wuipple: N. American Review, Ixvii. 359. Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, 1846. " Remarkable as being the first efibrts of undoubted genius to find some congenial form of expression. They are not common verses, but show many of the vigorous quahtles in the prose works of the same writers. The lore of nature which characterizes Currer Bell's prose works pervades the whole of the present volume. — Lon. Christian Rpmemhrancer. Wuthcring Heights and Agnes Grey, by Ellis and Acton Bell, with a Selection of their Literary Rcm.ains, and a Biographical Notice of both -Authors, by Currer Bell, 1850, 3 vols. p. Svo. Life of Charlotte Bronte, by Mrs. Gaskell, 1S57, 2 vols. p. Svo; N.Y., 2 vols. 12mo. " The story of a woman's life, unfolded iu this book, is calculated to make the old feel young and the young old. ... By all thu book wiU be read wi'lh interest. . . . Mrs. Gaskell has produced one of the best biographies of a woman by a woman which we can recall to mind." — Lem. Athenxnm^ No. 1536. In consetiucnce of alleged misstatements (some, at least, of which were acknowledged) in this work, portions of it were suppressed iu subsei|uent editions. Bronte, Rev. Patrick, father of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell. Cottage Poems, 1811, Svo. " The author has written not only tor the good of the pious, but for the good of those who are not so; and he hopes Ins poems will be rendered useful to some poor soul who cares Utile about critical matters." „ .^ . ^. ^^ The Rural Minstrel : a Miscellany of Descriptive Poems, 1814, 12mo. See Colburn's Diet, of Living Authors. BRO BRO Broiitius. Lovaltv Asserted, 1681, 8vo. | lirook, Abrahani. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1782; on j Ek-i-tricity. the Air Pump, the Barometer, *tu. Brook, Benjamin. Lives of the Puritans, Lon., ( ISia. 3 vols. Svo. I *' This works forms a comprehensive append.it:e to Neat's His- tory of the Puritans, and Talmei-'s Nonconformist's Memorial.' ^ '' This work is remarkable for extensive research, poverty of die- , tion, zeal in the cause of Dissent, and unceremonious reflections ., upou Churchmen." — Dr, E. Williams. A History of Religious Liberty, 1821, 2 vols. Svo. Brook, Jonathan. A Cnlk-etion of Moral Sentences, from Ancient and iModern ^A'riters. IJrist., 1770, 8vo. Brookbank, or Brooksbank, Joseph, b. 1612, , educated at Braseuose College, Oxford. The Well-Tuned Organ; on Music, Lon., 1660, fol. A Breviate of Lilly's Grammar, 1660, Svo. Rebels Tried and Cast, 1661, 12mo; being 3 Sermons on Rom. xiii. 2. Brooke, Major. Short Addresses to the Children of the Sunday Seliool, on Texts of Scripture, 1791, 12mo. Brooke, Arthnr. See Broke. Brooke, Captain De Capell. Travels in Spain and Morocco. 2 v<*ls. Svn. Travels through Sweden. Norway, Ac. in 1820, -Uo. Winter in Lapland and Sweden, 1827, 4to. This accurate and valuable work has become rare. Brooke, Charlotte, daughter of Henry Brooke, the Novelist and Dramatist Relique.s of Irish Poetry, trans, into Euglish Verse, with Notes, and an Irish Tale. Dubl., 17S9, 4to. Dialogue between a Lady and her Pupils, de- scribing a Journey thi-ough England and Wales. Natural History, &c., 1796, Svo, *' W'e approve this ]>lan, as the young mind may thus he di-awn, by the sul'jects ocrasionaHy introduced, to attend to matters of useful information, insti-ad of the very trivial tuples with which books of education are sometimes tilled." — Ltin. MoutMi/ Jiei\. 17'.'l3. Emma, or the Foundling of the Wood; a Novel, 1803, 12mo. Brooke, Mrs. Charlotte, has gained considerable reputation by occasional poetical eftusions. " Si'uie of her poems have a sweetness of flow and delicacy of sentiment that seem made out of music, rather than for it. She seems only to have wanted some deep incitement, such as a sense of duty imparts to a woman's genius, in order to have excelled." — Woman's liecord. Mrs. Hale quotes "A Lover's Lines" as a specimen of Mrs. Brooke's style. Brooke, Christopher. Funeral Elegy on Prince Henry, Lon., 1613. -ito. Eclogues by Mr. Brooke, Mr. Wither, and Mr. Davies, 1614, Svo. See Brit. Biblio- grapher, ii. 236, for an account of A Funerall Poem in MS. by Brooke, and for other interesting information con- cerning the author. Brooke was the "chamber fellow" at Lincoln's Inn and bosom friend of the celebrated Dr. Donne, and aided him in his clandestine marriage to the daughter of Sir George Moor, Chancellor of the Garter, and Lieutenant of the Tower. It ])roved dangerous to offend a jailer, fur the indignant father-in-law sent the groom and his two friends. Christopher and Samuel Brooke, to prison. Vide Athen. Oxon.,Bliss's edit, Fasti, i. 401. George Wither inscribes some verses *' To his ingenious and (which is more worthy) his truly honest Friend, Mr. Christ. Bro<,ke."— /;^/^ Bihl. ii. 237. Brooke, Kdward. Bibliotheca Legum Anglise ; Part II., containing a general Account of the Laws and Law Writers of England, from the earliest Times to the Reign of Edward III., *tc., Lon., 1788, 12mo. See Wob- RALL. John. Brooke, Frances, 1745-1789, daughter of Rev. Mr. Moore, and wife of the Rev. John Brooke, Rector of Col- ney, in Norfolk. Ac, obtained considerable distinction by her literary abilities. The Old Maid, a periodical, Nov. 15, 1755, to about the end of July in the next year. Since pub. in a 12mo vol. Virginia, a Tragedy, with Odes, Pasto- rals, and Translations. 1756, Svo. Trans, from the French of Lady Catesby's Letters, 1760, 12mo. Tho History of Lady JuUa Maudeville, 2 vols. 12mo, 1763. '■ Concernint; the plan there were various opinions, [i'. p.] though of the execntinn there seems to have been but one. It was read with much avidity and general approbation." — NidioWs Literary Avecdotes, ii. 346, The History of Emily Montague, 4 vols. 12mo, 1769. Memoirs of the Marquis of St. Forlaix, 4 vols. 12mo, 1770. Mr. (4arri('k refused to give a representation to Virginia, and Mrs. B. ofl'ered him another tragedy, which met with the same fate. Whereupon Mrs. B. took a severe revenge on him in the novel of the Excursion, 2 vols. 12mo, 1777. Like most people who act under excited feeling, *' Mrs. Brooke thought her invective loo severe ; lamented and retracted it." Elements of the History of England, from the Abbe Millot. 4 vols. 12mo, 1771. Siege of Sinope, a Tragedy, 1781, Svo. '•This piece added but little to her reputation, and never became popular. It wanted energy, and had not much nriu^inality. There was little to disapprove, but not much to admire." — JS'idtvls's Lit. Anecdotes, ii. .147. Rosina, a Play, 17S2. '• Few pieces have been equally successful. The simplicity of the story, the elegance of the words, and the excellence of the music, promise a long duration to this drama." — Ibid. Marian, a Play, 1788. Much inferior to Rosina. The History of Charles Mandeville; a Sequel to Lady Julia, 2 vols. ISmo, 1790. " It has been often wished that the catastrophe in the Novel of Lady .Julia IMandeville had been less melancholy: and of the [no- priety of this opinion the authoress herself is said to have been satisfied, but did not choose to make the alteration." Brooke, Francis. Trans, of Voyages of V. Le Blanc, 1660. Brooke, Fnike Greville, Lord. See Greyille, Fn.Kr:. Brooke, Henry. The Conservatory of Health, Lon., 1650, 12nio. Brooke, Heuvy, 1706-1783, a native of Rantavau in Ireland, was for some time a, pujiil of Dr. Sheridan, and left his tutor to enter Trinity College. Dublin. From thence, when only 17, he removed to the Temple to study law. His first publication was Universal Beauty; a phi- losophical poem; part 2 pub. 17;35; part 3 about 1736. ■■Tbis had been sulimitti-d to Pope, who probably contributed his assistance, and wh^se manner, at least, is certainly followed." A Trans, of the first three Books of Tasso, 1737. " It is at once so harmonious and so spirited, that I think an entire translation of Tasso by him would not only have reudirrd my task unnecessary, but have discourai^ed those from the attempt whose poetical abilities are much superior to mine." — Hoole. Constantia, or the Man of Law's Tale. 1741 ; in Ogle's version of Chaucer. The Earl of Westmoreland ; a Tra- gedy, 1745. Farmer's Letters, 1745: on the plan of his friend Swift's Drapier Letters. A new Collection of Fairy Tales, 1750, 2 vols. 12mo; anon. Earl of Essex: a Tra- gedy, 1760, Svo. The Trial of the Roman Catholieks, 1762, Svo. In this, Brooke jileads for the removal of po- litical restraints on that class of citizens. The Fool of Quality, or the History of Henry. Earl of Morelaud, 5 vols. 12mo; 1760, 70, 77: in 4 vols. ]2mo, 1776. '■ A novel replete with knowIed;io of human life and manners, and in which there are many admirable tiaits of moral feeling and propriety, but mixed, as the author advances towards the close, with so nuuh of reliv'ious discussiiui. and mysterious sturies and opinions, as to leave it doubtful whether he inclined most to Beh- menism or to Pnpery." Redemption, a Poem, 1772, 4to. "A poeui in which that irreat mystery of our relijrion is ex- plained and amplified bv bolder fitrmes than are usually hazarded.'' Juliet Grenville. or the Hi:^tory uf the Human Heart; a Novel, 3 vols. 12mo, 1774. This work is considered unequal to his earlier efi'orts. His Works, Lon., 177S, 4 vols. Svo ; this collection contains several jjlaj's and poems not before printed. Of Brooke's plays perhaps Gustavus Vasa was considered the best. Its performance was forbidden for political reasons. His Works, with the addition of some pieces collected by his daughter, wero reprinted, Dublin, 1792, '■ Throughout all the excellent compositions of Brooke there breathes a strong spirit of liberty." See Johnson's and Chalmers's English Poets, 1810, 21 vols. Svo; Clialmers's Biog. Diet.; and Brookiana, or Anecdotes of Henry Brooke, Lon., 1804. 2 vols. 12mo. Brooke, Henry. Sermou.=;, 1746, '47. Brooke, Henry. A Guide to the Stars. Lon., 1820, 4to. Brooke, Henry James. Familiar Introduction to Cry.stallography, Luu., 1823^ Svo. Brooke, James. Sermons, 1706, '28. Brooke, Sir James, b. 1803, at Bandcl. in Zillah Hooghly, Bengal; Rajah of Sarawak. His Journals of Events in Borneo, by Capt. Rodney Mundy, R.N., Lon., 1848, 2 vols. Svo. " Keppel's volumes gave the outlines of the strange drama of Mr. Brooke's c;ireer. . . . Captain Mundy lias jirinted the.Tuurnals seriatim, omitting only such portions as have already been made public. The new Journals of Mr. Brooke here ofl'ered to the world by Captain Mundy till one and a quarter of these goodly volumes." — Lim. Athe/ui'itm. Private Letters of Sir J. Broidie, K.C.B., from 1838 to the Present Time, edited by J. C. Templer. 1S53, 3 vols. cr. Svo. Brooke, John. Theolog. treatises. Lon., 1577-Sl. Brooke, John Charles, 174S-1794, Somerset He- rald, was deeply versed in antiquarian lore. Some of his contril'Utinns will be found in Areha-ol., 1777, 79, '82. His signature in the Gent. Mag. was J. B. He rendered 251 BRO such liberal assistance to his literary friends that it has been dei-'lared that ••Thu lirst writers of the ase in history, biography, and topo- graphy, have been indebted to him." References to him will be found in the correspondence of that eminent antiquary, the Rev. William Cole. •• Mr Brookes illustration of the Saxon inscription at Kirkdale Church pleases me much. . . Mr. Brooke is too good a Herald not to have informed you of the owners of the arms in your wmdow. --Niclinh's Lit. AnecdnU-s^ vol. i. Mr. B. was applied to by the Duke of Norfolk (then Earl of Surrey) to write a Latin preface to Domesday Book. He made some collections towards a bisl.iry of all the tenants in Capile mentioned therein, with llieir pedi- grees, families, estates, ic. What a grand work would this have been ! Alas for the come-to-nothimj pri-jects of procrastinating men ! t. , , nn~ o Brooke,N.,M.D. Observations on Italy,Bath,17a 1 ,8vo. Brooke, Ualph, d. 1625, York Herald, was originally named Brookesworth. He is represenl«d as most perverse and malicious in disposition, and he was a " thorn in the side" of the worthy Camden. He attacked the latter in a publication entitled A Discoverie of certain Errours in the mueh-commended Britannia, 1594. Very prejudiciall to the descentes and successions of the auncient Nobilitie of this Realme; by Yorke Herault; Hinenniw; circa 1596. 4to. Second Discovery of Errors prejudicial to noble descents, with a Reply to ilr. Camden's Apologia ad Lectorem m his tilth ediiion. 1600. He presented this to K. James 1., who prohibited its publication. Anstis pnb.lt in 1(2.3, 4to ; this vol. contains the original objections, Camden s reply, &e. The latter ably defended himself, and charged Brooke with ignorance and malice. " Some earlv attempts were made by an envious person, one Brook, or Brookmonth, to blast the deservedly gre.at reputation of this book; but they perished and came to nothin- : as did like- wise the terrible threats given out by fcir Symonds II twes. that he would discover errors in every page."— Bisuop NlcOLSO-N : inff. ifis(. irtAu-y. 1776, 4. Our ch.jleric " Herault" completed in 1622 a valuable work, entitled Catalogue and Succession of the Kings, Princes, Dukes, Marijuiscs, Earls, and Viscounts of this Realm of Eugland, since the Norman Conquest to this present year. 1619, together with their arms, wives, and children." the times of their death and burials, with many of their memorable actions, Don., 1619-22, fob Tlic feli- citations of Yorke Herault over his new-born literary off- spring were interrupted by a critic who made bim remem- ber hts foray against the worthy Camden. Mr. Augustus Vincent borrowed even the very title of Brooke's in.lict- meut against the Britannia, and put forth A Discovcnc of Errours in the first edition of the Catalogue of NnbiUty published by Ralph Brooke, Yorke Herald. Lon., 1622, tol. '■A highly valuable work, though written with too much se- ^ Brooke, R. Treatise on the Office and Practice of a K.'liirv ; 2d cd., Lon., lS-t7, 8vo. Brooke, Richard. A Descriptive Account of Liver- pool as it was during the last Quarter of the 18th century, 1775-1800, 1854, r. Svo. " In addition to information relative to the Public Buildings. Statistics, and Commerce of the Town, the work cout.aius some curious and interesting particulars, which have never been previ- ously published, respecting the Pursuits, Habits, and Amuse- ments of the Inhabitants of Liverpool during that period, with Views of its Public Edifices." Brooke, Robert Greville, Lord. See Greville, ROBKRT. . Brooke, or Broke, Sir Robert, d. 1558. Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of Queen Mary, (1553,) was a native of Claverley, in Shropshire. La Graunde Abridgment, Lon., 156S. '70, '73, '76, '86. '■ 'lliis Alirid>_'ment. which is priucip.illy founded upon that of Fit/.berbert. is digested under a greater number of titles, and be- sides the authorities collected bv litzherbcrt, Brooke abridges a great number of readings, which seem to have liiUen under his own knowledge as a judge and chief justice of the common pleas and which are nowhere else extant, except in a small volume se- lected from this Abridgment, entitled New Cases."— WoRH.\LL. For Novel Cases, the Abridgment, A-c, see Wallace's Rep.; Marvin, &e. Brooke followed the example of Nicholas Statham. who first abridged from the year- books temp. Edward IV. : see Nicolson's Hist. Library. Le Lieur, Ac. del Corone, 15S0, fob Reading on Magna Charta cxvii., 1641, 4to. Reading upon the Statute of Limitations 32 Hen. VIII., cap. 2, Lon., 1647, Svo. Brooke, T. Theolog. treatises. Ac, Lon.. 1548-70. Brooke, T. H. History of the Island of St. Helena from its liistovery by the Portuguese to the Year 1806, Lou.. I.'^ll^. 8vo. Brooke, Thomas. Sermons, 1732, '46, 4to. 2bl BRO Brooke, Thomas Digby. Trans, from Mad. Guyon, and uur Life, 1795-1806. Brooke, W. H. Foreigner's Guide. 1807. Brooke, WiUiam. Cause of the distress for Provi- sions, Lon., ISOO. Brooke, '/.., D.D. Examination of Dr. Middleton a Free In(|uiry, 1750, 8vo. Eleven Discourses, 1764, Svo. Brooker, Daniel. Sermons, 1743, '45, '46. Brookes, Melaiithe. Fabula Pastorialis, 1615, 4to. Acted bci.ire King James I., March 10, 1614. Brookes, Henry. Sermon, 1707, Svo. Brookes, Henry. Sermons, 1732, '34, Svo. Brookes, John. England's Interest. Free thoughts on the Starch Duty, Lon.. 1752, Svo. Brookes, Joshua, 1761-1833, a distinguished Eng lish surgeon and anatomist, pub. a tract on the Cholera an Address, 1828, a paper in Trans. Linnsoan Society, 1829, Ac. See Lancet, vol. xii. He had a large museum of specimens in various branches of Natural History, which cost him £30,000 and was sold at auction for a very tri- fling sum. Brookes, Matthew, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1621, 57. Brookes, Richard, M.D. History of the most re- markable Pestilential Distempers that have appeared in Europe for 300 years last past; with the Method of pre- vention and cure of that Distemper, Lon., 1721, Svo. The General Practice of Physic, 1751, 2 vols. Svo. The General Dispensary, 1753, Svo. The Art of Angling, Rock and Sea Fishing, Ac, 1740, Svo. System of Natural His- tory, in 6 parts, Lon., 1763, 6 vols. 12mo. General Gazet- teer, or Compendious Geographical Dictionary, 1762, Svo; IStb edit., 1827, Svo ; revised and corrected to the present time, Ijy A. G. Findlnv, new edit., Lon., 1851, Svo. Brookes, Samuel. An Introduction to tlie study of Concliidogy, 1815, 4to. '■It behooves us to state, that Mr. Brookes evinces an mtimat* and learned .icquaintance with his subject, thilt he duly blends persr.iiiiity with brevity of description, that he has liestowed on his phitcs'an unusual degree of correctness and elegance, and that he has carefully prepared the way for the pro.secution of hi.s fa .._ J— *i .... .^v tnnc.i,.A cola " T yin Itfnntlil.tt TffnlMO le has caretully preparea ine way lui me iiiu.-.clui.^.. v..^... .« ourite study on the most extensive scale."— ion. Mmthly Ecvieut, Abe. ISlli. Brookes, Thomas, d. 1680, an eminent Independent divine, chosen minister of St. Mary JIagdalcn abcwport. R.L, Newport, 1S51. 8. Gorman Lyrics, contammg specimens BRO of Anastasius Griia and other living poets of Ger- many. "On the whole, we have perused the 'German Lyrics' with J)leasm-e. Mr. Urooka fully maintains by this publication the credit he won for himself by his former labours as a translator of (jerman poetry." — Lon,Athai., No. 1476. Feb. 9. 1S66. 9. Songs of Field and Flood. Bost.. 18.14. 10. Eight Months on the Ocean and Eight Weeks in India, MS. Brooks, Francis. Barbarian rruelty, Lon., 1693. liruoks, Henry .lames. See Buooke. Brooks, Indiana. Eliza Beaumond and Harriet Osborne: or, The Child of Doubt, 1789, 2 vols. 12mo. Brooks, J. T., M.D. Four Months among the Gold- Finders in Calit'oi-nia, N. York, 1819, Svo. Brooks, J. W. Lectures on Prophecy, Lon., 1842, 12mo. Abdiel's E.ssays on the Advent and Kingdom of Christ, 1834, 12uio. " A very valuable work, and fuU of Scripture illustration."— BiCKEBSTETH. Elements of Prophetical Interpretation, 1836, 18mo. *■" A work of useful information." — Ibid. History of the Hebrew Nation, 1841, 12mo. "Much valuable scriptural illustration as well .is historical.*' — Ibirl. Brooks, James, Bishop of Gloucester. Sermon at Paul's Cross, Lon., 1553, Svo. See Fox's Acts and Monu- ments of the Cliurch for two orations of the bishop's. Brooks, James Gordon, 1801-1841, a native of Red Hook, near the city of New York, was known for some time as ii contributor to periodicals under the signa- ture of "Florio." His longest poem is entitled Genius: delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Y'ale Col- lege in 182". Mr. aud Mrs. Brooks pub. in 1829, a volume entitled The Rivals of Este, and other Poems, by James G. and Mary E. Brooks. The principal poem is the pro- duction of Mrs. Brooks. ■■ The poems of .Mr. Brooks are spirited and smoothly versified, but diifuse aud carelessly written. lie was imai^iuative, and com- posed with remarkable ease and rapidity: but was too indifTerent in regard to his reputation ever to rewrite or revise his produc- tions." — Gristvold's Poets and Poetry of America. Brooks, John, M.DT, Gov, of Mass., 1752-1825, pub. a Discourse on Pneumonia, 1808, and one delivered before the Humane Society, 1795. — Thacher'a Med. Biog. Brooks, Jonathan. Antiquity, or the Wise In- structor: being a Collection of Sentences, Erist.. 1770. 12mo. Brooks, Maria, as styled by Southey, Maria del Occidente, b. about 1795, d. 1845, is best known as the author of ZophicI, or The Bride of Seven, the fii-st canto of which was pub. in Boston, 1825 ; the whole work in Lon- don, 1833. Mrs. Brooks was the daughter of Mr. Gowen, a gentleman of Welsh descent, who settled at Medford, Massachusetts, where Maria was born. In 1820 she pub. a volume entitled Judith, Esther, and other poems, by a Lover of the Fine Arts. Mrs. Brooks passed the spring of 1831 in the hospitable mansion of Robert Southey, at Keswick, and this useful friend superintended the publi- cation of Zophiel, of which he was a great admirer : " If you have not seen Zophiel, it is well worth your reading, as by far the most original poem that this genenation has produced. ... The poem has attracted no notice : the chief cause of the pre- sent failure 1 suppose to be that it is not alwavs perspicuou.sly told. The diction is surprisingly good : indeed, America has never produced any poem to be compared with it,"— Letter to Lord ilaltem, iUi) 12, 1834. An interesting review of this poem will be found in Gris- wold's Fem.ale Poets of America. An edition of Zophiel was pub. in Boston in 1834, for the benefit of the Polish Exiles, in whose cause Mi-s. Brooks felt the warmest in- terest. See Southey's Life and Correspondence. In 1843 she printed for private circulation, Idomen, or The Vale of the Yumuri; a production which par- takes much of the character of an autobiography. Mrs. Brooks inherited some estates in Cuba, and took up her residence in the island. She died at Matanzas, Novem- ber 11, 1845. Her principal poem will preserve her name from ob- livion, but deals too little with human sympathies to take much hold of the public mind. It is one of those produc- tions which will be always more ciuoted than read, and more admired than understood. ■' Maria del Occidente is styled in The Doctor, 4c., ' the most impassioned and most imaginative of all poetesses.' And without taking into account qms'lam ardentiora scattered here and there throughout her singular poem, there is undoubtedly ground for the first clause, and, with the more accurate substitution of ' fanci- ful' for 'imaginative,' for the whole of the eulogy. It is alto- gether an extraordinary performance." — Ltm. Quarterly Review. '' Which [Zophiel] he [Southey] says is by some Yankee woman ; as if there ever had been a woman capable of any thing so great 1" ' — Charles L.\mb. See Griswold's Female Poets of America. BRO Brooks, Mary E., a poetess of some reputation, is a nativeof New York. Her maiden name was Aiken. She was married in 1828 to JAMiis Gordon Brooks, (see above,) and in 1829 a volume of their writings was given to the world, under the title of The Rivals of Este, [by Mrs. Brooks,] and other poems. Her Hebrew melodies and lyrics have been much admired. She is now (1854) a resident of the city of New York. Brooks, Nathan Covington, b. 1809, Maryland. Pres. Baltimore Female College, Historian and Poet. Scriptural Anthology. History of the Church. Literary -Amaranth. Collectanea Evangelica. History of the Mexi- can War. Editor of the American Museum, and contributor to various leading periodicals, and the able editor of a valuable series of Greek and Latin Classics. *' Brooks's Ovid is a highly meritoritms work." '■The History of the Mexican War is acknowledged to be both able and impartial."' Brooks, S. H. City, Town, and Country Architec- ture. Lon., 1847, fol. Designs for Cottages and Villa Archilccture, 1840, 4to. Modern Architecture, 1852, fol. Brooks, Thomas. London's Lamentations, Lon., 1670, 4to. Brooks, Thomas. Charges, etc. in the East In- dies. 1752. Brooksbank, Joseph. See Brookbank. Brookshaw, George. Pomona Britannica, Lon., 1805 : atlas fob, 2 vols. 4tn, 1817. Flower Painting, 1816, ScQ. Horticultural Repository, 2 vols. r. Svo. Broom, Herbert. Practical Rules for Determining Parties to Actions, Digested and Arranged with Cases, Lon., 1843, Svo. " A concise and excellent Treatise upon the subject."— J/un'i«'» Li'gal Bibl. A Selection of Legal Maxims Classified and Hlustrated, Lon., 1845, Svo; 3d edit., Phila., 1852, Svo. '' Maxims are the condensed good sense of nations." — Sir J.^mes Mackintosh. " It certainly ought to find a place in the library of every scien- tific lawyer." — Lon. Legal Obaerver. March 2*2, 1.S45. " It is .among the few law-books that we can bind and place per- manently for constant use on the handiest shelf of our book-case." — Law Magazine, May, 1848. " The practitioner and the student may each resort to this work as an ample storehouse of legal elementary principles and simple fundamental laws." — AmeHcan Law Journal, June. 1852. Practice of the Superior Courts of Common Law with Reference to Matters within their Concurrent Jurisdiction, Lon., 1850, Ac. Practice of the County Courts, 1852, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1857, Svo. Commentaries on the Common Law, as Introductory to its Study, Lon., 1855, Svo; Amer. ed.. Phila., 1856, Svo. "This elementary "work, by the ingenious author of 'Legal Maxims,' will be found to be of much use to the student in ex- plaining the present state of the law on many subjects not often treated in the standard books." — Litw liepm-ter, Oct. 1856. Broom, Thomas. Female Education, 1791, ]2ino. Broome, Rev. Arthur. Selections from the Writ- ings of Fuller and South, with Life and Character of Ful- ler, Lon., 1815, 12mo. The Duty of Humanity, abridged from Dr. Primalt, Lon., 1S31, 12mo. Broome, Captain Ralph. Tracts rel. to W. Hast- ings, lie.. 1790-96. Broome, M'illiam. Sermon, 1700, Svo. Broome, William, d. 1745, a native of Cheshire, England, was educated at Eton, and at St. John's Ccdiege. He was for some time rector in Stnrston, in Sufi'olk. In conjunction with Ozell and Oldisworth, he translated the Iliad into prose : "This is the translation of which Ozell boasted as superior, in Toland'fi opinion, to that of Pope; it has long since vicoes. comedies, farces, (fee. Among his dramatic works the jirincipal are the Comedies of The fiame of Life, The Uame of Love, Ro- mance and Reality, and All's Fair in Love, and the burlesques of Po-co-hon-tas, Mctamora, Columbus, &.e. Edited The Litntern, a humorous paper pub. in N. York. Contributed extensively to various maga/ines. For biog. notice, see Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie's Sketch prefixed to the first vol. of Mr. B.'s plays, pub. in N. York, ISofi. Broushton. On the great Apostacy from Christianity, with its evil iiitlueiue (m the Civil State, 1718, Svo. Broiiijhloii, Arthur, M.D. Profess, and Botanical works, Lon., 1TS2-1IL Broughton, Brian. Views of N.Wales, Lon., 179S,fol. Brou^hton, Charles. Theory of Numbers, 1S14, -tto. Brouglitou, Mrs. Eliza. Six Years' Residence in Algiers, 1839. p. Svo. '"The viviu'ity. miinite description, and kindly feeling every- where app.ii'ent in this bonk, render it hi;^hly attractive." — Chavi- her-^^s C'/dop(E'h'a of Eng Lit. Broughton, Hugh, 1549-1612, celebrated for his pro- ficiency in Hebrew and rabbinical lenrning. was a native of Oldbury, iu the county of Salop. The celebrated Ber- nard Gilpin met a poor boy travelling on the Oxford road. He was surprised at his scholarship, had him instructed in his Houghton school, and in due time sent him to Cam- bridge, where he became Fellow of Christ College. This was the far-famed Hugh Broughton. Leaving college, and est^iblished in London as a preacher, he soon became noted. He still pursued his studies with such diligence as ft-equently to spend 16 hours out of the 24 at his books. We notice his principal works: A Concent of Scriptures, loSS. Tins work occupied the author several years; there- fore he called it his little book of great pains. It treats of Scripture chronology and genealogy. It contains spe- cimens by W. Rogers of the earliest copperplate engrav- ing in England. Reprinted, 1620. See notice of a copy on vellum in Dibdin's Bibliomania, and in Lowndes's Bib. JIannal, where will be found a list of Brought'iii's works. A Treatise of Melchisedcck, proving him to be 8em, Lon., 1591, 4to. An Explication of the Article of Christ's De- scent into Hell. lo99, 4to. This led to much controversy, in which Archbishop "Whitgift and Bishop Bilson took part. Broughton, in pursuing the subject, addressed An Oration to tlic (Jeneveans, which was first pub. in Greek at Mentz by Albinus, 1601, Svo. In this ho treats Beza with great severity. Exposition of Daniel. 1597. 4to. On Ec- clesiastcs, itc, 1609, 4to. Commentaries on Daniel, Ha- n.au, 1607, 4to ; the same in English, Eas, 1599, fol. The Translations of Jeremiah, 1608, 4to. Defence of a Con- cent of Scripture, 1609. 4to. Trans, of .lob, 1610, 4to. Explanation of the Holy Apocalypse, 1610, 4to. Obser- ■^ations upon the first Ten Fathers, 1612, 4to, The cele- brated Doctor Lightioot pub. a collection of his works in 1662. f.d.. under the following title. The Works of the great Albinncan Divine, renowned in many nations for rare skill in Salem's and Athen's Tongues, and familiar acquaint- ance with all Rabbinical learning, Mr. Hugh Broughton. The eulogy of the editor is most enthusiastic, and it is the praise of a master in Israel. Broughton, who played with Greek and Hebrew as a poet toys with the most fnmiliar rhymes, trans, the Prophetical writings into Greek, and the Apocalypse into Hebrew. He was anxious to trans- late the whole of the N. Testament into Hebrew, believ- ing that it would have forwarded the conversion of the Jews. He relates that a learned rabbi with whom he con- versed, once said to him : " Oh that you would set over .all your New Testament into such Hebrew as you speak to me! you should turn all our nation." It cannot be said that Broughton enjoyed a tranquil life ; but Mr. Whitaker thinks his troubles were self-imposed: " He was a writer of great ambitioo, vanity, and dogmatism, and as such was ridicult'd more than once on the stage by Ben Jonson. It was his niisfurtune to offend both the High Cliurch and the Calvinist party ; but it must be confessed that all thL' evila nf which lie complaiued were brought on himself." — Kev. J. W. ■W'UITAKFR. Doubtless Mr. William Gilpin's unfavourable character of our author, in the Life of Bernard Gilpin, has led many to coincide with Mr. Whitaker's opinion: but Dr. Light- foot's estimate is very different; and it has been well said that " Lii^htfoot lived nearer the lime of Broughton than that gen- tleman; he had his information cnnceruin',' him from those who were personally known to him: and must. thi.'refnre. be presumed to have had better opportunities of being acquainted with his real character." — BtOfj. Brit. As to Ben Jonson's ridiculing him in his plays, that proves nothing more than that Broughton was extensively known, and had some peculiarities which made him a good subject for "Rare Ben." We need not remind the classi- cal reader that some of the greatest sages of anticpiity were impressed into the service of the drama against their own will. Dr. Lightfoot remarks, ''Some by the mere excitation of his books have set to the study of the Hebrew tongue ajid come to a very great measure of know- ledge iu it; nay. a woman might be named that hath Uojie it." — JPn-face to Broughton' s Worhs, 1662, ful. See Life of Bernard Gilpin ; Biog. Brit, j Strype's Whit- gift ; Atli.n. Oxiin., Bliss's edit. Brousihton, John. Psychologia, or an Account of the Nature of a Katioual Soul, Lon., 1703, Svo. Sermons, 1707-22. Urougrhton, Richard, d. 1634, a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical historian, a native of Great Stukeley in Hunt- ingdonshire, was educated at Oxford and Rheims. Ho took priest's orders in 1593, and was sent to England as a missionary. Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, de- duced by Ages or Centuries, Douay, 1633, fol. '•Tho' 'tis a rhapsody, and a thing not well digested, yet there is a good deal of reading shew'd in it. 'Tis said in the title to be the first tome, as if another was to follow." — Ant. Wood. A True Memorial of the Ancient, most holy and reli- gious State of Great Britain, &c. in the time of the Bri- tons and primitive Church of the Saxons. Monastlcon Britannicum ; or a historical! Narration of the first Found- ing and flourishing State of the ancient Monasteries, reli- gious Rules and Orders of Great Brittaine in the Tymes of the Brittaines and primitive Church of the Saxons, Lon., 1655, Svo. " A small book of undigested tales printed a dozen years after the death of the author, by some of his friends : so that it is pro- bahle we have it much more imperfect than he intended: and in such an unfinished condition as the mistaken kindness of execu- tnis ton freiiuently sends things abroad.'" — Bisht^ Kicvlson's Eng. Hist. Library. Antiquity of the word Sterlingorum, or Stirling. See Hearne's Collections, vol. ii., p. 318, 1771. Account of Forests in England, ib.. p. 381. Krou^hton, Kowlaiidc. A Briefe Discourse of the Lyfe and Death of the late Right High and Honourable Sir William Pawlett, Lon., 1572, Svo; reprinted at the Lee Priory press. Kent, 1818, Svo, with portrait. Broujihton, Samuel Daniel, 17S7-1S37, an Eng- lish surgcnn. Royal Army, accompanied his regiment to Portugal, and embodied his observations in the journey from Lisbon to the south of France in a very interesting volume entitled Letters from Portugal. Spain, and France, written during the Campaigns of 1812, '13, '14, '15. Svo. He assisted Sir Benjamin C. Brodie in his experiments upon poisons: see Phil. Trans. Broughton, Thomas. Christian Soldier, 1737. Svo. Broiiijhton, Thomas, 1704-1774, a native of Lon- don, was sent to Eton, from whence he removed in 1722 to Gonville and Cnius College, Cambridge. He was or- dained deacon, 1727: priest, 1728; Rector of Stepington, Huntingdonshire, 1739; Vicar of Bcdminster near Bristol, 1774. to which was added a prebend in Salisbury Cathe- dral. He was one of the original writers of the Biogra- phia Britannica. We notice his principal works : An Answer to Toland's Christianity as old as Creation. Trans, of Voltaire's Temple of Tast'e. An edition of Jarvis's Don Quixote. Poems and trans, of Dryden, 2 vols. Her eules ; a Musical Drama. Bibliotheca Historico-Sacra an Hist. Diet, of all Religions, Lon., 1737-39, 2 vols. ful. ; 1776; trans, iu to German. Bishop Tomliiie recommends this work. '■ lirnughton is in some respects a weak and credulous writer, and. inspired with an ardent zeal for orthodoxy and against schism, readily admits every charge against the heretics exhibited against them by the Fathers, who frequently condemned them on mere report." — Lowndes. ^ A Prospect of Futurity, 1768, Svo. Sermons, 1745. '52, *79. Mr. B. made some trans, from Addison's Travels. Trans, the Mottos of The Spectator, Guardian, and Free- holder, and some classical pieces. Bishop Sherlock had a very high opinion of Broughton's merits. BrouEThton, Thomas. Letters written in a Mah- ratta Camp in lSn9. Lon., 1813, 4to. I "This is a lively, entertaining, and well-written book, and we can conscientiously recommend it to our readers."— R/m. i?a!(ciw. '•A work containing both instruction and amusement, but written in a very diffuse sty \e."~ London Quarterly Rwirw. 255 BRO Selections of the Popular Poetry of the Hindoos, trans. 1814, 8vo. Broughton, VViHiam. Sermon, 1726, 8vo. Broughtou, William Robert. A Voyage of Dis- covery to the North Pacilic Ocean in the Years 1795, '96, 97, '98, Lon., 1801, 4to. Brouu, Joannes, a Scotchman. Tractatus ile Causa Dei Contra Anti-Sahbatarios. Rotterd., 1674-76, 2 vols. 4to. He pub. another work in Latin against Wolzogen and Velthusii, Amst., 1670, 12mo. Broun, William. luipicty and Superstition Ex- posed; a Poem, Edin., 1710, 4to. Brouncker, William, Viscount, of Castle Lyons, in Ireland, b. about 1620, d. 1684, created Doctor of Physio at Oxford in 1646, w.as eminent for his proficiency in the Mathematics. lie contributed some mathemat. papers to Phil. Triins., 1673, and pub. in 1653 (anon.) a trans, of Des Cartes' Musical Compendium, 4to. " Enriched with observations nhii-h show that he w.is deeply skilled in the theory of the Science of Music."— iV'. Ilr,t. Browell, James. Account of Navies, Lon., 1799, 4to. Brown. Observ. on King Charles I.'s Letters, Lon., 164.1, 4to. BrOAVn. Duty of H. Constables of Hundreds, Lon.,1677. Brown. Remons. to Pailiament, KiSfl. fol. Brown. Carpenter's Joynt Rule, 10S4, 8vo. Brown. Letters to a Friend, 1690, fol. Brown and Jackson. Calculator, 1815, 8vo. Brown, Miss. Hist. Recreations, Lon., 1849, ISmo. '■ .\ very nice little work for the recreation and instruction ol students in History." — Onirt Journal. Brown, Alexander. Appendix to the Art of Paint- ing, Lon., 1675. Brown, Alexander C. Colony Commerce, 1792. Brown, Andrew. Con. to Edin. Mod. Ess., 1736. Brown, Andrew. History of Glasgow, and of Pais- ley. Greenock, and Port-Glasgow, Glasg., 1795; Edin., 1707, 2 vols. 8vo. Brown, Anna S., daughter of Townsend Sharpless, a well-known philanthropist of Philadelphia. Stories for Alice, [in rhyme,] 1854, 12mo. Brown, Anthony. Laws of Antigua, Lon.. 1806. Brown, Sir Anthony. See B.icoN, Sir Nicholas. Brown, Charles. Med. Treatises, Lon., 1798, '99. Brown, Charles Armitage. Shakespeare's Auto- biographical Poems, being his Sonnets clearly Developed, Ac., p. Svo. " In closing this volume and recommending it strongly to the reader's perusal, we are fain to jidd to our many e.xpressions of satisfaction the assurance that we shall look to any future pro. duction of the same pen with high interest." — Diihlin Review. Brown, Charles Brockden, 1771-1810, a native of Philadelphia, descended from ancestors who emigrated to Pennsylvania in the same ship which carried William Penn to his new colony, earned considerable distinction by the authorship of a number of novels of the Radclitfe or Godwin school. Wieland, or The Transformation, was pub. in 1798; in Lon., ISll. Ormond, or The Secret Witness, appeared in 1799; in Lon., ISll. This novel was not so successful as its predecessor. Arthur Mervyn, his next production, gives a graphic picture of the ravages of the yellow fever in Philadelphia. It was rcpub. in London in 1803. This was followed by Edgar Huntly, or The Memoirs of a Sleep- walker, 1801 ; rcpub. in L*mdon in 1S04. In this work the author has incorporated portions of his first and un- published novel. — Sky-Walk, or The Man Unknown to Himself. Clar.i Howard appcareil in 1801, (rcpub. in Lon- don in 1806 under the title of Philip Stanley,) and Jane Talbot in the same year. The last two are considered much inferior to his earlier productions. An unfinished novel — Memoir of Carwin, the Biloquist, (the germ of Wieland.) — will he found in Dunlap's Life and Selections from the Works of Brown, 1S15, vol. ii. 200-201. Mr. Brown pub. (1803-09) a number of political pamphlets, I>repared with more care than is usually given to produc- tions of an ephemeral character, and contributed many articles to The Columbus Magazine, The Weekly Magazine, &.C. In 1799 be commenced the publication of The Monthly Magazine and American Review, which lived about a year only. In 1803 ho made another attempt to establish a periodical, and The Literary Magazine and American Re- gister — to which he was the principal contributor — was sustained for five years, (S vols. Svo.) The American Re- gister — another project of his, commenced in 1807 — was pub. in semi-annual volumes (7 in all) until his death in ISIO. He made a translation of his friend Volney's Travels in the United States, 1804; wrote a Memoir of the Rev. 256 BRO Dr. John Blair Linn, (whose sister ho married in 1804,) prefixed to Valerian, 1805 : pub. Memoirs of Stephen Cal- vert ; and editeil, with Life, C. H. Wilson's Beauties of Tom Brown, Lon., 1810, 12mo. That Mr. Brown possessed a mind of remarkably inven- tive powers, and enjoyed an uncommon facility of graphic composition, no one perhaps will deny who has read the most indifierent of his novels. His faults are equally con- spicuous, and among these has been reckoned an extrava- gant departure from the realities of every-day life; but from this charge Dr. Griswold relievos him : " It has been said that he outr.aged the laws of art by gross Im- probabilities and inconsistencies, but the most incredible of bis in- cidents had parallels in true history, and the metaphysical unity and consistency of his novels are apparent te all readers famili.ir with psychological phenomena. His works, generally written with great ra'pidity. are incomplnte, and deficient in method. He dis- regarded rules and cared little for criticism. But his style was clear and nervous, with little ornament, free of affectations, and indicated a singular sincerity and depth of feeling." — Gri.'nvdd's Prose Writers r,f America: {.v.foran interesting review of Brown's literary labours. For some years after his death, his novels seem to have been almost forgotten. Mr. Verplanck complained in 1819, " He is very far from being a popular writer. There is no call, as far as we know, for a second edition of any of his works. He is rarely spoken of but by those who have an habitual curiosity about every thing literary, and a becoming pride in all good writing which appears amongst ourselves. They have not met with the usual success of leaders in matters of taste, since, with all their admiration, they have not been able to extend his celebrity much beyond themselves." — N. American Feririr. ix. 64. Eight years after the above was written, an edition of the novels appeared in Boston, in 7 vols. It is well known that Godwin, the Sir Hildebrfind Horrible of the English novelists, warmly admired Brown, and acknowledged his obligations to him. Brown in his turn admired, and ap- pears to have imitated, portions of Caleb Williams. " His talent for stirring the expectation of the reader, and keep- ing his anxiety alive from first to Last, throughout some hazardous encounter, or mysterious event, can scarcely be paralleled in the history of fiction. . . . Upon the whole, this author may be con- sidered .as one of the best writers of romantic narrative (we give up character) that the present .age has produced. There is scarcely any one. indeed, who is so eloquent as he oftentimes is: and not one who can excite such breathless apprehension, or so sublime a solitary fact. The only incidents that can be compared to Brown are. — the scene under the cliffs in the .\nti4uary, and that between the two ladies and the panthers in the Pioneers." — Vol. ix. 317,1824. New ed., Phila., 1857, C vols. 12mo. See also Brown's Life prefixed to his novels, ed. 1827, by Wm. Dunlap ; Life, by Win. II. Prescott, in Spark's Amer. Biog., 1st Ser., 1834, 117-180, — reprinted in Prescott's Miscellanies, 1855, 1-56 ; Lon. Month. Rev., xcix. 151 ; Lon. Rctrosp. Rev. ; Amer. Quar. Rev., viii. 312; Amer. Whig Rev., vii. 260; U.S. Lit. Gaz., vi. 321. Brown,David. Works on H.and Writing, 1622, '38, 4to. Brown, David, d. 1812, educated at Magdalen Col- lege, Cambridge ; Chaplain to the East India Company, 1794; Provost of the College of Fort William, 1800. Memorial Sketches of, with a selection of his Sermons preached at Calcutta, Lon., 1816, Svo: edited by the Rev. Charles Simeon. " His sermons breathe the true spirit of a Christian Minister; they state in very forcible terms the fundamental doctrines of our holy reli'^ion: and they are admirably adapted to stir up in the minds of .all who read 'them, an ardent love to our Saviour, and a holy zeal in his service."— Rev. Cdarles .Simeon. Brown, David. Christ's Second Coming: Will it be Pre-Millennial? 2d ed. 1847, p. 8vo. '•A noble defence of precious truth, comprehending a whole li- brary of reading, and which, we think, will be the death-blow of the millennian theory." — Free fVntrch Maej. "Mr. Brown has argumentatively destroyed pre-millennialism, root and branch." — Wdchmaii. Brown, David, d. 1829, aNorth American (Cherokee) Indian, assisted John Arch in preparing the Cherokee Spell- ing Book, and wrote in 1825 a Letter giving some account of the Chcrokees. Brown, David Paul, b, in Philadelphia, 1795, ad- mitted to the Bar, 1816, contributed in early life to peri- odical literature ; wrote Sertorius, or The Roman Patriot, a Tragedy, and The Prophet of St. Paul's, a Melo-Drama, in 1830, (both performed and published;) subsequently composed The Trial ; a Tragedy, ami Love and Honour, a Farce; and, in 1856, pub. The Forum, or Forty Years' Full Practice at the Philadelphia Bar, 2 vols. Svo. Ex- cellent. See Livingston's Biographies ; Reese's Dramatic Authors of America ; Walsh's Amer. Quar. Rev. ; Chris. Review, Jidy, 185.8; South. Lit. Mess,, July, 1858, Two vols, more of The Forum, and four vols, of Mr. Brown's Speeches, are announced to be published in January, 1859. Brown, Edward, Rector of Sundridge, Kent. Fas- ciculus Rerum expcteudarum et fugiendarum prout ab Or- BRO BRO thuino Gratio etlitus, Londini, 2 vols. fol. ; first pub. at Cologne in 1585, bj Orthuinus Gratius. The tracts relate to the Council of Basil, early reformers, and the errors of the Church of Rome. Trans, into English of Father Paul's Letters, with preface. , Lnn., 1693, 8vo. Brown, Edward. Descrip. of an Annual World, Ac, 1641. Svn. Warning Piece for England. 1643, 4to. Brown, Edward, Rector of Lan<;lev, Kent. Sermons, 1699. 4to. Brown, Edward. Travels and Adventures of Ed- ward Bruwn, formerly a Merchant in London, Lon., 1739, 8vo. Written l»y John Campbell, LL.D. Brown, Frances, b. 1816, is a native of Stranorlar, county of Donegal, Ireland, where she is known by the name of " The IJlind Poetess of Ulster.*' Lyrics, and Mis- cellaneous Poems, Lon., 1847, 12mo. The Star of Attegbei, and other Poems, Lon., 1844, 12mo, Her poems are much admired. ''The bard feathers dig;nity from the darkness amid which she sings, as the darkness itself is lightened by the song.'' — Ptcfaxx. to vol. pub. in 1S44. Brown, Francis, D.D.. 1784-1S20, President of Dart- mouth College, a native of New Hampshire, pub. several sermons, 1810-14. Brown, George. Arithmeticnl Treatises. 1700-18. Brown, Goold, 1791-1S57, an American grammarian. 1. Institutes of English Grammar, IS". York, 1823, '^2, '46, 12mo. 2. First Lines of English Grammar, 1823, '27, 18mo; 1844, 12mo. 3. Grammar of English Grammars, N.York, 1S5U-51, 8voj 2d ed., 1857, 8vo, pp. 1070. Prefixed to this work is a valuable Digested Catalogue of English Grammars and Grammarians, &e. Other grammatical treatises : vide supra. Brown, Henry. Trans, from the Greek of Justin Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, 1753, 2 vols. 8to. Brown, Henry. History of Illinois, New Y'ork, 1844, 8vo. Brown, Hn^h. Principles of Gunnery, Lon., 1777, 4to. Brown, Humphrey. The Ox muzzled or Ox-ford dried, or a Vindication of the Churches Rights against her Sacrilegious Enemies, Lon., 1649, 4to. Brown, Isaac Baker, Surgeon Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, London. Treatment of Soarlntina, Lon., 1846, p. 8vo. On some Diseases of AVomeii iidmitting of Surgical Treatment, 1854, Svo. Brown, J, Mathemat. Tables ; 2d ed., ISOS, 8to. BroAvn, J. H. Elements of English Grammar: see Gengembre, p. AV. Brown, J. Newton, born in New London,Conn., 1803; grad. Hamilton Lit. andTheol. Inst., (now Madison Univ.,) June, 1823. Life and Times of Menno, 18mo, pp. 72, 1853. Baptismal Balance, ISmo, pp. 72, 1853. Baptist Church Manual, ISmo, pp. 26, 1853. Obligation of the Sabbath, (ADiscussion with W.B.Taylor.) ISmo, pp. 300, 1S53. En- cyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Boston, 1835. Apoca- lypse, a Poem, 1836. Emily and other Poems, pp. 276, 1840. Practical Works of John Bunyan, 8 vols. 12mo, 1852 j with about 150 smaller books, as Editorial Secretary of the Amer. Bap. Pub. Soc. for the last four years. He is now (1858) writing a new History of the Church from a strictly Christian point of view, aiming to unfold its evangelical constitution and spirit impartially through all ages. BroAvn, James. Scripture" Redemption, Lon., 1673. Brown, James, 1709-1787, originated The Directory, or List of Principal Traders in London, first pub. in 1782. He consigned the project to Kent, the printer, who made a fortune by the annual publication of a similar volume. Brown pub. (anon.) Orations of Isocrates. Brown, James, Vicar of Kingston near Taunton, Somersetshire. Funeral Sermon, 1756, Svo. Brown, James. The Frolic; a Play, 1783, Svo. Brown, James, Miss'y in the Province of Georgia. The Restitution of all Things, 1785, Svo. Civil Govern- ment. 1792, Svo. Brown, James, D.D., of Barnwell, Northampton- shire. An attempt towards an Explanation of the Book of Revelation, &c., Lon., 1812, Svo. Brown, James. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc, 1817, BroAVn, James. The Forester; being a Practical Treatise on the Formation, Draining, and Fencing of Plantations; the Planting, Rearing, and Management of Forest Trees; the Cutting and Preparation of Wood for Sale; with an Improved Process for the Transplantation of Trees of large size. A new edition, greatly enlarged, with 109 Hlustrations engraved on wood, demy Svo. *' Beyond all doiil»t this is the best work on the subject of Fo- restry extant" — Gardaiers' JonrnaL 17 "We can refer to this vohime as toe book to be recommended." — Li}idlei/''s Ganlfiier's Journal. Brown, James. Grammatical works, Bost., Salem, and Phila., 1815-41. See Goold Brown's Grammar of Grammars, Cat., xiii. Brown, James B. Views of Canada and the Colonists. ''Tlie intellificuce conveyed is not only abundant, but of great value." — Church and Stnt<: Oazette. Brown, James Baldwin, LL.D.,17S1-1S43. Mem. of Juhu Howard, 4to. Studies of First Principles; with a Preface by the Kev. Thomas Binney, 12mo. ''A valiiublr f'^ntrilmtiun to our higher popular religious library, and ill! iii'Linti ~t:ili|i' evidence that the author has a dignitied, en- larfi'-il, itiid I I.I 11 ■, t appreciation of the Christian economy and life.'" Other works, Historical, Biographical, and PoeticaL See Bibl. Brit. BroAvn, or Browne, John, Surgeon at St. Thomas's Hospital, London. A Complete Treatise of the Muscles, as they apjiear in the Human Body, and arise in Dissec- tion. Illustrated with Copperplates. Lon., 1671, '81, '98, fol. Comj>lete Description of Wounds, both general and practical, 1078. 4to. Other profess, treatises, 1678-171)3. Brown, John, B.D., a native of Rothbury, in Nor- thumberland, was educated at St. John's College, Cam- bridge ; obtained the living of Great Horkesley, Essex, 1754; Vicar of St. Nicholas, Newcastle, about 1758; com- mitted suicide, when insane, 1766. Honour, a Poem. Essay on Satire. Two Sermons, 1740. 4to. A Sermon on Gam- ing, &c., preached at Bath, Ai)ril 22, 1750. In consequence of this sermon, the public gambling tables at Bath were suppressed by the magistracy. Essays on Shaftesbury's Characteristics, Lon., 1751, Svo : suggested to Brown by AVarburton, and to Warburton by Pupe, who told Warbur- tou that to his knowledge the Characteristics had done more harm to revealed religion in England than all the other works of infidelity put together. The Essays were so popular that a 5th edit, was pub. in 1764. A Defence of Pitt. Letter to Dr. Lowth, 1760, Svo. Diss, on Poetry and Musick, 1703, 4to. Brown pub. a number of other theological and literary works, 1754-66, but the only one which gave him great reputation was An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times, Lon., 1757, Svo. This proved to be one of the most popular treatises ever pub. in the language; no less than seven editions being called for in little more than a year from its appearance. A second vol. was pub. in 1758, and an edition in 3 parts, with au explanatory Defence of it, 1760-61. "It was perhaps as extravagantly applauded, and as extrava- gantly censured, as any book that was ever written. The design of it was to show that "a vain, luxurious, and selfish effeminacy, in the higher ranks of life," marked the character of the age, aiid to point out the effects and sources of this effemioacy. And it must be owned, that, in the prosi^cution of if, the author has given abundant proofs of great discernment and solidity of judgment, a deep insight into human nature, and extensive knowledL'c of the world; and that he has marked the peculiar features of the time with great justice and accuracy." He committed suicide, Sept. 23, 1766, in his 51st year. Brown, John, 1722-1787, a native of Carpow, county of Perth, Scotland, a schoolmaster and divine at Hadding- ton, attained great distinction by his knowledge of lan- guages, acquired by his own industry, without the aid of teachers. He was acquainted with Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Persian, Syriac, Ethiopic. Arabic, French, Italian, and German. Two Short Catechisms, Edin., 1764 ; Glasg.,1777, 12mo. The Christian's Journal, Edin., 1765. Dictionary of the Holy Bible on the plan of Calmet, Lon., 1769, 2 vols. Svo; often reprinted. '*A useful rather than a profound work; and has contributed very considerably to disseminato religious information in this country. As it was intended chiefly for common readers, the au- thor, though a man of learning, and very genera] information, pur- posely avoided a display of learning." — ^(>rme. '■ Allowances being made for some of his sentiments, his work may be advantageously substituted for Calmet's, the price of which necessarily places it above the reach of many persons "— IIORNE. " A very valuable body of information on divinity." — Bicker- STETH. Self- Interpreting Bible, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Simply an edition of the Scriptures, with many marginal refer- ences, short notes, and reflections. " An admirable book, either for ministers or families." A new edit, by Rev. John Barr, with the assistance of the author's son and grandson, was recently pub. by Blackio & Son, Glasgow, and in Lon. in 1833. A General History of the Christian Church to the present Times, Edin., 1771 2 vols. 12mo. A very useful compendium, somewhat on the plan of Mosheim or Lampe. Other theological works. Brown, John, d. 1679, of the Scotch Church, Rot- terdam. Christ the Way, the Truth, and the Life, Rett., BRO BRO 1677, 12rao. Quakerism the Pathway to Paganism, in an- swer to K. Barclay's Apology, Edin., 1678, 4to. An Ex- planation of the Epistle to the Romans, Edin., 1679, 4to. •'The author was a Calvinist of the old school, a man of learn- ing, piety, and good sense. The work is heavy, but valuable; chiefly as a doctrinal and practical exposition." — Orme. Brown, John, D.D., b. 17S5, Whitburn, Linlithgow- eh ire, iScnior Minister of the United Preshy. Congr., Broughtou Place, Edin., Prof, of Theology, &€., grandson of John Brown of Haddington, has pub. a number of theological works, 1821-52. We notice a few. Expository Discourses on the First Epistle to the Romans; 2d ed., Edin., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. Discourses and Sayings of our Lord Jesus Christ; 2d ed., Edin., 1852, 3 vols. Svo. "These volumes add fresh lustre to Dr. Brown's well-deserved reputntifFD as a Biblical scholar and practical theologian. They bear the impress of keen critical sagacity, of calm, comprehensive, and independent judgment, of extensive research, of sound exe- getical principles, and of the most devout and loving reverence for Ilim whose * Sayings' they illustrate. They are exquisite and exhaustive expositions of the words of our Lord." — Ei:lettii: Rev. " A noble work." — Fret Church Magazine. " One of the most valuable expository works in our language." — Baptist Magazine. An Exposition of our Lord's Intercessory Prayer, Edin., 1850. Svo. Discourses suited to the Administration of the Lord's Supper, Edin., 1823, 12m,o. Highly commended. The Resurrection of Life, Edin., 1852, 8vo. Expository Lectures on the First Epistle of Peter, 2d ed., 1849, Svo. Of this work, the North British Review says: " It is neither Scottish nor fierman, but sprung from the high and rare union of the best qualities of both schools in a single mind. It has the Scottish clearness, precision, orthodoxy, practi- cality; the German learning, minuteness of investigation, and disregard of tradition ; and for certain qualities too rare in both — resolute adherence to the very truth of the passage — unforced de- velopment of the connection, and basing of edification on the right meaning of the Scripture, we have not met with any thing in either country that surpasses it." The Sufferings and Glories of the Messiah, 1853, Svo. Ex- position of the Epistle of Paul to the Galatiang, 1853, Svo. Brown, John. Chcm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1722, '24. Brown, John. Sermon, 1758, Svo. On Baptism, 1764, Svo. Brown, John. The Psalms in Metre, 1775, 8vo. The Bible, with Notes, Edin., 1778, 2 vols. 4to. Browu, John, M.D.. 1735-1788, the author of the Brunonian system in Medicine, was a native of Berwick- shire. He was placed at school at Dunse, and soon dis- tinguished himself by his proficiency in the Greek and Latin classics. He lectured on medicine at Edinburgh, and had his theory of medicine and practice of life been better, nothing could have prevented his attaining to great eminence. His new positions were embodied in Elementa Medicinae, in Latin, 1780, Svo. Editio alteram plurimum emendata et integrum demum opus exibens, Edin., 1787, 2 vols. Svo; 1794, Svo. Ills work has been trans, into many languages. The author pub. an English version, Lon., 1788, 2 vols. Svo ; a new edit, by Dr. Beddoes, 1795, 2 vols. Svo. Dr. Brown pub. Edin., 1787, Svo, Observa- tions on the Principles of the Old System of Physic, ex- hibiting a compound of the New Doctrine, »tc. This work contains a violent attack upon Dr. Cullon's doctrine of Spasms. Dr. C. had been a warm friend of Dr. Brown's, and dissuaded him from seeking a professorship in one of the colleges of America, which was Brown's favourite scheme. Unfortunately, variance succeeded to friendship. ' A new edit, of Dr. Brown's works was pub. in 1804, Lon., . 8 vols. Svo, by Dr. William CuUen Br^wn. Mr. Pettigrew -proves Brown to have been a better man than the popular estimate of his character would indicate. The Brunonian t\ eory has been thus summed up, — imperfectly, no doubt : " All general or universal diseases were reduced to two great families or classes, — the sthenic and the asthenic; the former de- pending upon excess, the latter upon deficiency, of exciting power. The former were to be removed by debilitating, the latter by sti- muhmt, medicines, of which the most valuable and powerful are brandy and opium." The controversy, pro and con., was carried on with great ardour. So keen became the wordy war at the Royal Medical Society that a number of duels were fought, and a law was passed that no future references should be had to the hostile field. Nor was the war confined to the place of its birth. France, Spain, Italy, Poland, and Russia took up the cudgels : and in Germany the combat waxed , so fierce that the military were obliged to take possession of the University of Gottingen to quell the Bioinonians and Anti-Brunonians. See Beddocs's edit, as above; Pet- tigrew; Rees's Encyc. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. Brown, John, of Whitburn. Gospel Truth, stated and illustrated by Hog, Boston, E. and R. Erskine, and others; occasioned by the republication of The Marrow 2S3 of Modern Divinity, collected by Rev. J. Brown, 1831, i2m:). *■ This bonk gives a complete history of that important affair known as The Marrow Controversy, which so agitated North Bri- tain in the early part of the last century. It contains also lives of the principal Marrow Men. with notices of their works; it is very valuable on this account, as it contains more notices of the class of books to which it refers than any other book with which we are acquainted." Brown, John, D.D., Minister of Langton, Berwick- shire. The Testimony of Experience to the Utility and Necessity of Sabbath Schools, Edin., 1826, Svo. Brown, John, Vicar of St. Mary's, Leicester. Christ Crucified, the only Theme of Gospel Ministration. Visi- tation Sermon. 1 Cor. i. 23, Lon., 1841, Svo. BroAVn, John, 1752-1787, a Scotch artist, a native of Edinburgh. Letters ou the Poetry and Music of the Italian Opera, 1789, Svo. Brown, John. Historical and Genealog. Tree of the Royal Family of Scotland, 1796; new edit., 1811; of the Family of Graham, 1808; Elphinstone, 1808; Macdo- nald, 1810. Brown, John, of Great Yarmouth. Treatises on the British Navy, 1S06, '07. Brown, John. Trans, of Mem. of Prince Staimatoff, 1814, 12mo. Psyche, or the Soul, ISIS, 12mo. The Northern Courts; containing original Memoirs of the So- vereigns of Sweden and Denmark since 1776, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo. " A more climisy and unworkmanlike performance we have seldom witnessed." — Lon. Quarierhj Kevifw, xix. 3S0, Anecdotes and Characters of the House of Brunswick, 1820. Svo. Brown, John. Elem. of Eng. Education, 1S09, 12mo. Brown, John. On Mathematical Instruments, 1671, '78, Svo. BroAvn, John, of Biggar. Remarks on the Plans and Publications of Robert Owen, Esq., of New Lanark, 1818. Browu, John, d. 1752. aged 46, Minister of Haver- hill, Massachusetts, pub. a Sermon on the Death of Thomas Symmes, 1726. Brown, John Aquila. The Even-tide, or Last Tri- umph of the Blessed and only Potentate, Lon., 1823, 2 vols. Svo. This work contains a Development of the Mysteries of Daniel and St. John, &c. '■ New and questionable interpretations; but with many valua- ble points.'" — IJICKERSTETH. The Jew the Master-key of the Apocalypse, Lon., 1827, 8vo. In answer to Frere, Irving, and others. The Mount of Vision, etc.. ISmo. A familiar illustration of the pro- phecies of Daniel, designed for the young. Brown, John P., Dragoman of the Legation of tho United States at Constantinople. Trans, of the Turkish Evening Entertainments, Ac, by Ahmed Ben Hemden, the Kiyaya, New York. 12mo. ''The" historical and amusing interest of the two hundred and seven curiosities, which I mipht call anecdotes, is obvious, &c." — VoN Hammer, the celebrated Orientalist, to the I'^anslator. "This book is one of the most interesting aud amusing which have ai)poared." — Jour. Asiatiqne. Brown, Rev. John \V., 1814^^9, an American poet. Christmas Bolls, and other Poems, N. York, 12mo. Brown, John Wm. Life of Da Vinci, Lon., 1828, Svo. Brown, Joseph. Joseph and his Brethren, 1767. Brown, Josiah, d. 1793. Legal compilations, 1779, &c. Brown, Littleton. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1738. Brown, or Browne, Moses, 1703-17S7, Vicar of Olney, Bucks. Polidus, a Tragedy. AU-bedevillcd, a Farce. Poems on Various Subjects, 1773, Svo. An edit, of AV.alton and Cotton's Angler; with a Preface, Notes, and some valuable Additions, 1750, *59, '72. Sunday Thoughts, 1752. '64, '81. Percy Lodge; a Poem, 1755, 4to. Sermons, 1754, '61. '65. Other works. Brown, Peter. New Illustrations of Zoology, Lon., 1776. 4to. Designed as a supplement to Edwards's Birds, Descriptions mostly written by Pennant. Brown, R. Complete Farmer, 1758, 2 vols. 12mo. Brown, R« B. E.\traordinary Adventures of several faiiK'US men, L()n., 168'!, 12mo. Brown, or Browne, Richard. Medica Musica, Lon., 1074, Svo. Other works, 1678, '92 '94, Svo. BroAvn, Richard. Med. treatise, Lon., 1730, 4to. Brown, Richard, D.D., Canon of Christ Church, antl Regius Professor of Hebrew, &c., Oxford. Job's Ex- pectation of a Resurrection, 1747, Svo. The Case of Naaman Considered, 1750. Svo. Brown, Richard. Principles of Practical Perspec- tive, 1815, 4to. Elucidation of Drawing Ornaments, 4to. Rudiments of Drawing Cabinet, Ac, Furniture, 4to. Con. to Phil. Mag., 1816. Treatise ou Domestic Architecture, BRO 4to. Sacred Architecture, its Kise, Progress, and Present State, r. 4to, 1845, with 63 plates by Adlard. " This useful and comprehensive work emliraces the Babylonian, Indian, Egyptian, Greek, and Koman Temples, the Byzantine. Saxon, Lombard. Norman, and Italian Churches : with an Analy- tical Inquiry into the Origin, Procress, and IVrfection of the Gothic Churches in England: also the Elements of Chunh Desii^n, &c." " If we were asked. For what class of readers is this very elegant production int^-nded ? our answer would be, For none exclusively, for several beneficially. The bishop and his suffragans — the man of education — and the votary of art, may each take useful lessons from it." — Oylonial Mag. BroAVii, or Browne, Robert, d. 16.T0, the founder of the Brownists, afterwards called Independents. A Treatise of Reformation without tarrying fur any. A Trea- tise of the 23d Chapter of St. Matthew. A Book which sheweth the Life and Manners of all true Christians. These three works are contained in a thin quarto vol.; pub. at Middleburgh, in 15S2. Brown, Robert. Death of Charles I., Lon., Svo. Brown, Robert, 1766-1S31. Agricult. works, Lon., 1799-1S16. " Mr. Brown's works hare been translated into the French and German languages, and he is quoted liy all continental writers as an authority." — Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., q. v. for an interesting account of Mr. Bmwn, his farming and his literan'' labours. Brown, Robert. Military works, 1796, '97, Svo. Brown, Robert, D.C.L., 1773-1858, b. at Montrose; a distinguit^hed botanist ; entered MarL-^cbal College, Aberdeen, 1787: studied Medicine at the Univ. of Edin- burgh, 1790-94; in 1806. appointed Librarian of Lin- nsean Society, and President of the same from 1S49 to '53. Contributed an important article On the A^clepiadge ; Trans. Wernerian Soc. 1809. On the Natural Order of Plants called Proteacea- ; Trans. Linn. Sor.. 1810, Pro- dromus Florin Novse Hollandia^ ct Insulte Van Diemen, Lon., 1810, vol. i., Svo. This vol. was suppressed by its author. Editio secunda, curavit C. G. Nees ab Essenbeck, Dr., Norimb., 1827, 8vo. General Remarks, Geographical and Systematical, on the Botany of Terra Australia, 1814. " Mr. Brown was the first English botanist to write a systematic work of any extent according to the natural meTlind of Juesieu. No one lias done more than he to nuike the method known in Kngland, and, as has been truU' obt-erved, "no one has done so much in any country to throw light on its intricacies.' " — Knight's Eng. Cyc. Div. Biog., vol. i. Observations on the Natural Family of Plants called Com- positse; Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xii. An account of a new genus of plants named Rafllesia; Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. xiii. Brief Account of Microscopical Observations on the Particles contained in the Pollen of PlantfJ, and on the general existence of Active Molecules in Organic and In- organic Bodies, 1S2S. Svo. Botanical Appendicus to the Voyages of Ross and Parry to the Arctic Regions, Tuckey's Expedition to the Congo, and Ouclney, Denham, and Clap- perton's Explorations of Central Africa. Supplementum Prodromus, 1830, Many of his writings are to be found in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Reports of the British Association, Horslield's PlanUe Javanicffi Rariores, &c. His works prior to 1834 were collected, translated into German, and published in 5 vols. 8vo, by Nees von Esscnbeck. " Mr. Brown has been termed by Humboldt Botanicorum facile princeps." An ed. of his complete works is much needed, in which would be brought to light for the first time his views in regard to the water-controversy, wherein he favours the claims of Cavendish. See Lon. Athen., July 17. 1858. 6rown, Robert. Chloris Melvilliana, 1823, 4to. Brown, S, Presby. Ch. Government, 1812, 12mo. Brown, or Browne, Samuel. The Sum of Chris- tian Religion bv Wjiv of Catechism, Lon., 1630, Svo. Brown, Sainnel. Horticult. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1698. Brown, Sainnel, 1768-1805, a native of Worcester, Massachusetts, pub. a Dissertation on Bilious Malignant Fever, 1797. A Dissertation on Yellow Fever, which re- ceived the premium of the Humane Society, 1800, and a Paper on Mercury in Med. Repos., vol. vi. BroAvn, Samuel R., a volunteer in the war of 1S12, afterwards editor of The Patriot, printed at Cayuga, New York. pub. A View of the Campaigns of the N. Western Army, 1814. History of the War of 1812. 2 vols. West>- ern Gazetteer, or Emigrant's Directory, 1817. Brown, Sarah. A Medical Letter to a Lady. 1777, Svo. Brown, Simon. Discourses, 1722, 2 vols. Svo. Brown, Stafford, Perpetual Curate of Christ Church. Truth on Both Sides; or Can the Believer Finally Fall? Lon., 1848, 12rao. -' A useful book, with passages of considerable interest*' — Bri- tish Magazine. BRO " A most interesting volume, replete with cood things — well said, forcible, and true." — Church and Slate tjaze.ttf. Brown, T. Miscellanea Aulica, Lon., 1702, Svo : A Collection of State Treaties. Brown, Thomas. Sermon, Oxf., 16.14. Brown, or Browne, Thomas, d. 1704, commonly called Tom Brown of Facetious Memory, as Addison styles him, was a native of Shropshire, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He seems to have had an equal taste for the acquisition of languages and the circulation of indecencies. Among his works are three pieces relative to Dryden, I68S, '89, '90. The Welch Levite tossed in a Blanket, Lon., 1691, fol. Trans, from the French, Lon., 169:i, '9.3. The Salamanca Wedding. 1693. Short Epis- tles out of Roman, Greek, and French authors, 1682, Svo. Whole Works, Lon., 1707, '08, 3 vols. Svo. Like most scoffers, upon the appro.ach of death he exhibited great remorse : but what an insecure hope to sinners is a so-called death-bed repentance ! " Brown w.as not a man deticient in literature, nor destitute of fancy; but he seems to have thought it the pinn.aoleof excellence to be a 'merry fellow;' and therefore laid out his powers upon small jests and jrross buffoonery, so that his performances have little intrinsic value, and were read oidy while they were recom- mended by the novelty of the event that occasioned them. What sense or knowledge his works contain is disgraced by the garb in which it is exhibited."— Da. Johnson : Life of Dryden. Brown, Thomas, the Youngest. Intercepted Let^ ters in the Two Penny Post Bag, Lon., 1812, Svo; many editions. AVritten by Thomas Moore. Brown, Thomas, Fellow of St. John's College, Cam- bridge. The Story of the Ordination of our lirst Bishops in Q. Elizabeth's Reign at the Nag's Head Tavern in Cheapsidc. thoroughly examined; and proved to be a late- inveuted, inconsistent, self-cuntradicting, and absurd fable. In Answer to Le Qnien, and to remarks on Le Courayer, Lon., 1731, Svo. An Answer to a Discourse by Bishop Stillingflcct. the Unreasonableness of a New Separation, Ac, Lon.. 1749, Svo. Brown, Thomas. The Evangel. Hist, of Christ, 1777, 2 vols. Svo. Brown, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1790. Brown, Thomas, Surgeon. An Inquiry relative to Vaccination, Edin., 1809, Svo. Correspondence on same Subject, Lon., 1SII9. Con. to Med. Com., 1793, '9.i. An- nals of Med., 1797. Phil. Trans., 1778. BroAvn, Thomas. Agricult. of the County of Derby, Lon., 1794, 4to. Brown, Thomas, M.D., 1778-1820, one of the most eminent of modern metaphysicians, was the son of the Rev. Samuel Brown. Minister of Kirkmabreck. in the stewartrv of Kirkcudbright, Seothand. He was sent to England' to school at the age of seven, and returned to Scotland when fourteen. At Edinburgh he applied him- self to his studies with great diligence and success. In 1796 he commenced the study of the law, but abandoned it for medicine, in which he took a doctor's diploma in 1803. In 1806 ho entered into copartnership with the celebrated Dr. Gregory. Dugald Stewart, being indis- posed in the winter of 1808-09, engaged Dr. Brown to read lectures for him in the Moral Philosophy Class. Brown's success was most decided. He satisHed both himself and his hearers that he had found his proper sphere, and, acting upon this persuasion, in 1810 he re- signed his practice, and accepted the appointment of col- league to Dugald Stewart in theChair of Moral Philosophy. His first appearance as an author was in 1798, when he pub. Observations on the Zoonomia of Erasmus Darwin, M.D., Edin., 1798, Svo. " The perhaps unmatched work of a boy in the eighteenth year of his age." — Sir J.\s. Mackintosh. " This was very favourably received by the public, and exhibited astonishing prematurity of talents and attainments." Poems, Edin., 1804, 2 vols. 12mo. " .\ collection which exhibits unquestionable marks of fertility of invention and refinement of taste." A Criticism on Charges against Mr. Leslie, 1S06, Svo. In 1814 he completed a poem with which he had employed some intervals of leisure for several years. The Paradise of Coquettes, (anon.) A reviewer of note declared this to be '■ By far the best and most Ivi illiant imitation of Pope that has appeared since the time of that great writer; with all his point, polish, and nicely-balanced versification, as well as his sarcasm and witty malice." Tho War Fiend, 1816. The Wanderer in Norway; a Poem, 1816, Svo. Agnes : a Poem, 1818, Svo. Emily and other Poems, 2d edit., 1818, Svo. But Dr. Brown's great work was Observations on the Nature and Tendency of Mr. Howe's Doctrine concerning the Relation of Cause and Effect, Edin., 1804, Svo; 2d edit,, 1806; 3d ecUt., BRO greatly enlarged and improved, 1818. The merit of this' work is too well known to render any detailed account of it necessary. See Welsh's life of Brown. Edin., 1825. 8vo. " His first tract on Causation appeared to me the finest model of discussion in Mental Philosophy since Berkeley and Hume; with this superiority over the latter, that its aim is that of a philosopher who seeks to enlarge knowledge, not that of a skeptic, the most illustiious of whom have no better end than that of displaying their powers in confounding and darkening every truth; so that their very happiest efforts cannot be more leniently described than as brilliant fits of debauchery."— Sir James Mackintosh: 'Zd Pre- lim. Diss, in Encyd. Brit. " Neither Bacon, nor Hobbes, nor Berkeley, nor Locke, possessed powers of mind so splendid and so various. Brown is. beyond comparison, the most eloquent of philosophic writers. So much power and delicacy of intellect were never before united in an in- dividual." — Tail's Magazine. '• This is a book of great power. Before Dr. Brown wrote, we were confessedly all in the dark about causation. If ever there was a system which deserved the appellation of intelligible, com- pact, consistent, simple, this is the one." — A' American Jievieiv. After Dr. Bmwn's decease appeared his Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind. Edin., 1S20. 4 vols. 8vo: reprinted by Welsh in 1828, 1 vol. 8vo, with an Index and Memoir. Of this excellent work many editions have been pub. in Great Britain and America. *' An inestimable book." — Dr. Parr. " It would be unjust to censure severely the decl. amatory parts of his Lectures ; they are excusable in the first warmth of com- position. They might even be justifiable allurementa in attracting young hearers to abstruse speculations. . . The prose of Dr. Brown is brilliant to excess. . . It is darkened by excessive brightness; it loses ease and liveliness by over-dress ; and, in the midst of its luxurious sweetness, we wish for the striking and homely illustra- tions of Tucker, and for the pithy and sinewy sense of "Paley." — Sir James Mackintosh. " The style is so captivating, the views so comprehensive, the argxunents so acute, the whole thing so complete, that I was al- most insensibly borne along upon the stream of his reasoning and his I'loquence. In the power of analysis he greatly transcends all philosophers of the Scottish school who preceded him." — MorelVs History uf Modt^rn Philoxnphy. Brown, Thomas. Biblical Commentary on the Gos- pels and Acts, adapted especially for Preachers and Stu- dents, by Hermann Olshausen, D.D., Professor of Theology in the University of Erlangen. Trans, by the Rev. Thomas Brown, &c. In 4 vols. 8vo, forming vols, v., x., xvi. and xix. of Clark's Foreign Theological Library. *' Olshausen's Commentaries are perhaps the most valuable con- tribution to the interpretation of f>eripturu that have made their way to us from Germany. Minute and accui-ate. yet comprehen- sive and full, they are most helpful in guiding to the right under- standing of Scripture. They are scholar-like in their execution, sounder in their doctrinal views than most German expositions, and elevated in their tone. There is often an air of poetic beauty thrown over passages which attracts and rivets." — Quarterly Jour- nal of Prfyphccy. Other works of this distinguished divine nre pub. in the same series — T. & L. Clark's (Edinburgh) Foreign Theo- logical Library. '* From the highly evangelical tone which in general pervades Olshausen's Commentaries, he may be regarded, in most cases, as a safe guide to the student who is jusf intering on the critical study of the New Testament."' — EvanijrlirnJ Muting Inte- rest. Exchanges, aud Annuities. Treatise on Maize. Ame- rican Poultry Yard. American Bird Fancier. Muck Book. Letters from the Canary Islands, &c. Editor of the Na- turalist, and contrib. to various Agricultural Jnurnals. Browne, Edward. Legacies of Sir James Cambel, Lon., 1642, sm. Svo. Browne, Edward, M.D., 1644-1708, Physician to Charles II., and President of the London College of Phy- sicians, the eldest son of the celebrated Sir Thomas Browne, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and Merton College. Oxford. Several of his papers will be found in Phil. Trans.. 1G70, '74, '81, &c. He is be.-^t known by A Brief Account of Travels in Hungary, Scrvia. Ac, Lon., 1673, 4to; 2d edit, (with additions) entitled Account of Travels through a great part of Germany and the Low Countries, Ac. 1677, 4to ; 3d edit, (with further additions) entitled TravcLs in Hungary, Servia, &c.., 1685, fol. Tra- vels containing his Obs. on France and Italy, &c., 1763, 2 vols. 12mo. Trans, of a Discourse of the Original Cuun- trey, Ac. of the Cossacks. Lon., 1672. 12mo. His travels in Hungary, Ac. have been highly commended by some authorities, and but little esteemed by others. " The author has showed himself exMlently qualified for a tra- veller by this ingenious piece, in which he has omitted nothing worthy the observation of so curious a person, having spent much of his time in the discovery of European rarities." — Introduc. to voLlKt of ChurcfiVVs Voyages; "either written by, or at least un- der the direction of, the famous Mr. Locke." — Bw(f. BHt. Dr. Johnson states that he had heard Browne's book highly commended by a learned traveller, who had visited many places after him ; upon which the doctor remarks, " But, whatever it may contribute to the instruction of a natu- ralist, I cannot reromniend it as likely to give nmch pleasure to common readers."— ii/e of Sir TJiomas Browne. Dr. Johnson expresses a regret, in which we can all sympathize, that Sir Thomas Browne has left us no ac- count of his travels. " A book extravagantly and absurdly praised in the Bingraphia Bntaiinica. His travels yield someinfurmatinn to naturalists, but Uttlt- to tht.' philosophical or common reader." — Chalmers's Biog. Diet. *' Natural history, the mines, mineral waters, as well as manners and customs, are described in this work, which bears a good cha- racter." — Stevenson : Voyages and Trax^eh. Dr. Browne, like his celebrated father, was distinguished for scholarship : " He was acquainted with Hebrew, was a critic in Greek, and no man of bis age wrote better Latin. German, Italian. French, Ac, he spoke and wrote with as much ease as his mother tongue. Physic was his business, and to the promotion thereof all his other acquisitions were referred. King Charles said of him that ' he was as learned as any of tbe collet^e, and as well-bred as any at court.' " Browne, Edward Harold, Norrisian Prof, of Di- vinity, Univ. of Cambridge. Expos, of the 39 Articles, Lon., 1S50, 2 vols. 8vo: 4th ed., 1S5S, Svo. Fulfilment of the 0. T. Prophecies relating to the Messiah. Camb., 1836, Svo. This di.■^sertation took the Norrisian Medal for 1835. Browne, Felicia Dorothea. See Hemans. Browne, Francis, D.D., Canon of "Windsor. Ser- mon, Prov. xxix. 25, 1712, 4to; on 2 Cor. v. 10, 1724. 4to. Browne, George, d. about 1560? consecrated Arch- bi.sbup of Dublin in 15^i5, was, according to Wood, origi- nally ''an Austin frier of the Convent of that order in London, and educated in academicals among those of bis order in Oxou." He was the first bishop that embraced and promoted the Reformation iu Ireland. Historical Collec- tions of the Church of Ireland, Lon., 1681, 4to. Reprinted in vol. 1st of the Pheni.x, and in Harleian Miscellany, vol. 5th. See Strype's Memorials of Archbishop Cranmer. Browne, Henry. Hand-Book of Hebrew Antiqui- ties, Lon.. ]2mo. Ordo Saiculorum : Chronology of the Scriptures. Oxford, Svo. Browne, Hyde Mathis. The Apothecary's Vade Mecum, Ac, Lon., 1811, Svo. Browne, Isaac Hawkins, 1705-1760, a native of Burton-upon-Trent. Stafi"t)rdshire. was educated at West- minster school, and at Trinity College. Cambridge. He settled at Lincoln's Inn about 1727, and applied himself with great diligence to the study of the Law. Highmore, the painter, was his particular friend, and he addressed to him his poem on Design and Beauty. " In this, one of the longest of his poems, he shows an exten- sive kno\vKd?;e of the Platonic philosophy; and pursues, through the ^^h^U^ the idea of be,'iuty advanced by that philosophy. By desiL'u is here meant, in a large aud extensive sense, that power of genius which enables the real artist to collect together his scat- tered ideas, tfl range them iu proper order, and to form a regular plan before he attempts to exhibit any work in architectm-e, paint- ing, or. pi tetry." — Preface to his Poems, pub. in 1768. The Pipe of Tobacco, also written whilst of Lincoln's Inn, is an excellent imitation of Cibber, Ambrose Philips, Thomson, Young, Pope, and Swift, who were then all living. "We need not say that the peculiar manner of these several writers is admir.^bly hit off by our author, and that he hath shewn himself to have possessed an exrcll.'iit imitative genius. Indeed, nothing but a wide spirit of dis'iiiiiination, and a happy talent at various composition, could b;ivr i-nabli-d him to have succeeded so well as he hath done in The rijje of Tobacco." — Ibid. In 1754 he pub. his principal work, a Latin poem, enti- tled De Animi Immortalitate, in two books, 4to. This poem excited great admiration. In a few months trans- lations into English were pub. by Dr. Richard Grey, Mr. Hay, John Lettice, and others. A trans, (the best made) by Soame Jenyns will be found in his Miscellanies, Lon., 1770, 8vo. Mr. Browne intended to have added a third book, but did not complete his design. " In these three books he purposed to cany natural religion as far as it would go, and in so doing, to lay the true foundation of Christianity, of which he was a firm believer. But he went no farther than to leave a fragment of the third book, enough to make us lament that he did not complete the whole. . - . Not to mention the usefulness and importance of the subject, every man of taste must fft-l that the poem is admirable for its per.spicuity, precision, and order; and that it unites the philosophical learning and eloquence of Cicero, with the numbers and much of the poe- try of Lucretius and Tirgil." — Biog. Brit. *" T am bett.^r pleased, when I consider the nature of the subject, with that neatness and purity of diction which is spread over the w hole, than I should have been had more poetical ornaments been bestowed upon it."— Dr. Green, Bishop of Lincoln. " I need not enter into a detail to show how well you have fol- lowed, not servilely imitated, Lucretius and Virgil; how perspi- cuously, as well as elegantly, you have handled some of the al»- strusest arguments, &c."— Letter to Browne, from the celebrated James Harris. Dr. Beattie, in his Essay on the Utility of Classical Learning, thus refers to our author : " Is.iao Hawkins Browne. Esq., author of several excellent Poems, particularly one in Latin ou the immortality of the soul; BRO of which Mrs. Carter justly says, that it does honour to our coun- try." Barnard, Cambridge, Upton, and Hoadly, all celebrated the praise of the successful poet. Browne's Latin and English poems were pub. Lon., 176S, Svo; Essays on Me- taphysics, Morals, and Religion, 1816, Svo. Browne was elected to Parliament in 1744 and 1748. His success as an orator may be judged of from the following extract from Boswell's Johnson: *' We talked of public speaking. Johnson : 'We must not esti- mate a man's powers by his not being able to deliver his senti- ments in public. Isaac Hawkins Browne, one of the lirst wits of this country, got into Parliament, and never opened bis mouth.' " Yet the difference between the famous Parliamentary orator, Gerard Hamilton, and the taciturn Isaac, was little more than one speet-h ! Browne, J. Masonic Master Key through the three degrees, 1803. BroAVue, J. D, Views of Ascent and from Summit of Mont Blanc, Lon., fol., £2 2«. Browue, J. H,, Archdeacon of Ely. Inquiry into the Character of Antichrist. 12mo. Letters to Archd. Wilkins on Body and Soul ; 3d edit., 1824, 12mo. Charges to the Archdeaconry of Ely, 1826-41. "Those hitherto publisht-d iiave been very Taluable." — Bicker- STETH. BroAVne, J, Ross. 1. Etchings of a Whaling Cruise. With an Account of a Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar. With numerous Plates, Svo, Lou. and N. York. '• Into the personal narrative with which the writer of this book, who is an American, has chosen to favour the world, we shall not enter. He gives a strange account of the circumstances which led to his Toyage and the antecedents of his life. Suflice it that his book is a livc^ly. clever, and readable one." — Lon. Morning Chron. 2. Crusade in the East ; a Narrative of Personal Adven- tures and Travels, N. York, 12mo. Browne, James, b. about 1616, was entered of Oriel College, Oxford, in 1634. Antichrist in Spirit; animad- verted on by George Fox in his book. Tlie Great iMystery of the Great Whore Unfolded, Lon.. 1659, ful. Scripture Redemption freed from Men's Restrictions, Lon., 1673. The Substance of several Conferences about the death of our Redeemer, Ac, " In the title of which he says that he was now (1073) a preacher of the faith which once he destroyed." — Athen. Oxon. Wood refers to his erroneous opinions when a chaplain in the parliament army, and gives us to understand that, like most men unsettled in their views, he was in the habit of troubling others of more stability: " He took all occasions to disturb orthodox men with his dis- putes. But after the return of Charles 1. he changed bis mind, and became orthodox, and so continued, as 1 presume, to the time of his death." — Athai. Ox1, at Lady Moyer's Lecture, Lon., 1732, 8vo. Other Sermons, 1721-35. Browne, John. Universal Redemption, Lon., 1798. 262 tr J f BRO BroAVne, John, late Fellow of C. C. C, Oxford. Serniur s on the Infancy of Human Nature, preached 1806, at the Bampton Lecture, Oxf., 1S09. Svo. "Through the several dispensations of God towards mankind, harmonv. order, and proportion will be found to have character- ized all the otM^rations of his power." Browne, John, Curate of Trinity Church, Chelten- ham. 2?> Sermons, Lon., 1836, Svo. Browne, John Samuel. Catalogue of English Bishops from 16SS to the present time, Lon., 1812, Svo. Browne, Joseph, M.D. Lecture of Anatomy against the Circulation of the Blood, Lon., 1698, 1701, 4"to. Tho Modern Practice of Physic Vindicated, 1703. '04, "05, 12mo. Fundamentals in Physick, 1709, 12mo. Institutions of Physick, 1714. Svo. Practical Treatise on the Plague, 1720, Svo. Antidotaria, or a Collection of Antidotes against the Plague and other Malignant Diseases, 1721, Svo. Browne, Joseph, D.D., 1700-1767, Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, a native of Cumberland, pub. in 1726 from the University press, a " most beautiful edition" of Cardinal Barberini's Latin Poems, with notes and a life of the author, (afterwards Pope Urban VIII.,) and a dedi- cation to his friend Edward Hassel, Esq., of Balemain. Browne, M. C. A Leaf outof Burke's Book, 1796, Svo. Browne, Maria J, B., a native of Northampton, Ma.~sachusctts, has pub. several volumes for the young,— Margaret McDonald, 1848; Laura Huntley, 1850, &c.— and contributed a number of articles to periodicals. See Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, 1855. Browne, Mary Anne, 1812-1844, a native of Maiden- head, Berkshire, England, published poetry which did her great credit at the early age of 15. Her first work was Mont Blanc ; she afterwards gave to the world, Ada, Re- pentance, The Coronal, Birthday Gift, Ignatia, a voL of sacred poetry, and many fugitive pieces in prose and verse. In 1842 she was married to James Gray, a Scotch gentleman, a nephew of Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd. She died at Cork in 1844. '■ Iler style is modelled on the manner of the old bards; and though her poetry never leaches the height she evidently sought to attain, it is excellent for its pure taste and just sentiment; while a few instances of bold imagination show vividly the ardour of a fancy which prudence and delicacy always controlled." — Mrs. Hale's Jiecovd^ of Wotntn. Browne, Mathias. Opinions of Philosophers con- cerning Man's Chiefest Good, 1659, Svo. Browne, Patrick, b. about 1720-1790, a native of Woodstock, county of Mayo, Ireland. The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, Lon., 1756, fob, and 17S9, fol. This valuable work was reviewed in the Literary Magazine by Dr. Samuel Johnson. A New Map of Ja- maica, Lon., 1755, 2 sheets. By this map the doctor made a profit of 400 guineas. A Catalogue of the Birds of Ire- laud ; pub. in Exshaw's Mag., June, 1774; and in the August number was pub. a Catalogue of the Fish of Ire- land. The doctor visited Jamaica, Antigua, and other islands, for the purpose of " collecting and preserving specimens of the plants, birds, shells, &c. of those luxu- riant soils, with a view to the improvement of natural history." Browne, Peter, d. 1735, a native of Ireland, was at first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and afterwards Bishop of Cork. A Letter in Answer to Toland's Chris- tianity not Mysterious, Lon., 1697, Svo. The Progress, Extent, and Limits of the Human Understanding. Lon., 1728, Svo. Of Drinking in Remembrance of the Dead, Lon., 1715, Svo. Of this custom the bishop highly disap- proved. Discourse of Drinking Healths, Lon., 1716. Things Divine and Supernatural, Ac, Lon., 1733, Svo. Sermons, 1749, 2 vols. Svo. '• Levelled principally against the Socinians ; written in a manly and easy style, and much admired." Browne, Peter Arrell, LL.D., b. 17S2, at Phila- delphia. 1. Reports of Cases in the Court of Common Pleas of the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Phila., 1811, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Trichologia Mammalium ; or, A Treatise on the Organization and Uses of Hairs and Wool, 1S53. 3. Notices and Anecdotes of the Bench and Bar of Penna. from 1609, MS. Browne, Philip, Vicar of Halsted, Essex. Sermons, 1682, "84. 4to. Browne, Rev. R. W., Professor of Classical Litera- ture in King's College. London. History of Greek and Roman Classical Literature, Lon., 1S51-53, 2 vols. 8vo. History of Greece, ISmo; of Rome, ISmo; pub. in Gleig's School Series. History of Romo to the Death of Doniitian, p. Svo. Soc. P. C. K. Classical Examination Papers, King's Colleere, Svo. '■ Mr. Browne's Uistory of Greek Classical Literature is in advance BRO of every thing we have, and it may be considered indispensable to the classical scholar and student."— Prof. J. A. Spencer. JV. York. Professors Griffin of Williams College, Hyde of Burling- ton College, and Harrison of the University of Virginia, also highly commend this work. Browne, Robert. Treatises on Longitude, &c, 1714/36. Browne, Robert. System of Theology, revealed from God by the Angels, in the British langu:ige, Lon., 1728, Svo. Browne, Robert. Peach and Nectarine Trees, 1787. Browne, Rowland J. A Practical Treatise on Ac- tions at Law, Lon., 1S43, Svo. '•A full, accurate, and useful treatise." — irarvin's Legal Bihl. Browne, Sam. Collection of Merry Jokes, with the curious story of the unfortunate French Pastry-Cook, Svo, Browne, Sara H., a native of Sunderhmd, Massa- chusetts, is known as the authoress of My Early Friends, 1S47. Recollections of My Sabbath-School Teachers, 1S50, A'C. She has also contributed to the periodicals. See Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, 1855. Browne, Simon, 1 680-1732, a Dissenting minister of great learning, was a native of Shepton Mallet, Somerset- shire. In 1716 he accepted a call to the pa.storal charge of the congregation of Dissenters in Old Jewry, London. Here he was eagerly listened to by crowded congregations until 1723, when, from grief at the loss of his wife and only son, he became deranged on a particular suliject, though mentally undisturbed on other matters. He was firmly persuaded that the Supreme Being had '•Annihilated in him the thinking substance, and utterly di- vested him of consciousness : that thou;^h he retained the human shape, and the faculty of speaking, in a manner that appeared to others rational, he had all the while no more notion of what he said than a parrot." He continued under this delusion for the rest of his life. He gave up his clerical charge, and refused to join in any act of worship, either public or private. Yet while in this sad condition, he wrote his celebrated answer to Woolston's Discourse on the Miracles of our Saviour, and his strictures upon Tindal's Christianity as old as the Creation. If he ^cna crazy, he was at least more than equal to tw*o infidels ; and so Woolston and Tindal found to their cost. He also evinced his mental vigour by the compilation of Greek and Latin Dic- tionaries; though, indeed, he doe? not seem to have consi- dered this any evidence of intellectual ability : he replied to a friend who called in, and asked him what he was doing, — ■ *"I am doing nothing that rer]uires a reasonable soul; I am making a Dictionary ; but you know thanks should be returned to God for every thiug. and therefore for Diotion.ary-Makers." We hope that our rather impolitic disinterestedness in introducing this anecdote into our Lexicon will be duly appreciated. Browne pub. in 1706 A Caveat against Evil Company; this was a short treatise. The True Character of the Pteal Christian, 1709, Svo. Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 1720, 12mo. Sermons, 1722. A Disquisition on the Trinity, 1732, Svo. A Fit Rebuke to a Ludicrous Infidel; in some Kemarkson Mr. Woolston's Fifth Discourse on the Miracles of our Saviour, 1732, Svo, with a Preface concerning the prosecution of such writers by the Civil Power. " In this answer Browne displays great ability. The preface is considered a noble apology for liberty of conscience and of the press, and a severe condemnation of civil prosecutions for matters of opinion." — Lowndes. Defence of the Religion of Nature, and the Christian Revelation; against the defective account of the one, and the exceptions against the other, in a book entitled Chris- tianity as old as the Creation, Lon., 1732, Svo; against Tindal. The Close of the Defence, Ac, 1733, Svo. Mr. B. also contributed to a periodical entitled The Occasional Paper; collected in 3 vols. Svo. "He was a man of very considerable learning, of distinguished virtue, of the most fervent piety, and was animated by an ardent zeal for the interests of rational and practical reliijion. His abili- ties made him respected, and his virtues rendered him beloved: but such was the peculiarity of his case, that he lived a melancholy instance of the weakness of human nature." Browne, Stephen. Laws of Ingrossing,&c., 1765, Svo. Browne, Theophilus. Harvest Sermon, 1708, 4to. Browne, Theophilus. SelectPartsof Scripture.1805. Browne, Thomas, D.D., 160-1-1673, anative of Mid- dlesex, elected student of Christ Church, 1620; domestic chaplain to Archbishop Laud, 1637; Canon of Windsor, 1639; and Rector of Oddington, Oxfordshire. Camden's Tomus alter et idem ; or. The History of the Life and Death of Queen Elizabeth, trans, into English, Lon., 1629, 4to. To the original (Camden's Annals, vol. ii.. 1589-1602) the translator hns added corrections, animadversions, Ac. A Key to the King's Cabinet, Oxf., 1645, fol. De Posthurao Grotii, Hague, 1646, Svo: pub. under the name of Simpli- cius Virinus : it was a defence of Grotius against an epistle BRO of Salmnsius. The Royal Charter granted unto Kings by God Himself, Lon., 1649, Svo. Dissertatio de Therapeutis Philonis adversus Henricum Valesiam, Lon., 1687, Svoj subjoined to Colomesius's edit, of St. Clement's Epistles. Sermon on Rom. x. 15, 1688, 4to. Latin Sermon on Horn, x. 15, 1688, 4to. Wood refers to a sermon of our author's, which produced great excitement. It was one preached before the Univer- sity in St. Mary's, Dec. 24, 1033; "Which sermon being esteemed a blasphemous piece by the pu- ritanical party of the said parish, they complained of it to tin; said archbishop, [Laud,] who instead of having him punished, was made (say they) canon of Windsor; and afterwards, when the said archbishop's writings were seized on at Lambeth, the sermon was found lying on his table: but this I presume was never printed." — Athen. Ojci'TI. Browne, Thomas. The Times : a Satyr,Lon.,1783,4to. Browne, Thomas. Classical Dictionary, Lon., 1797, 12mo. Viridarium Poeticura, 1799, Svo. The British Ci- cero, 1803, 3 vols. Svo. Pinacotheco classica, 1811, 12mo. Browne, Captain Thomas Gunter. Hermes Un- masked, 1795, Svo. Letters 3d and 4th, containing the Mysteries of Metaphysics, Ac, 1790. Svo. BroAVue, Sir Thomas, M.D., 1005-1682, one of the most distinguished of English writers, was a native of Lon- don. His father, ahighly respectable merchant, died during his nonage, and his mother was married again to Sir Thomas Dutton. His education was commenced at Winchester, from whence, in 1623, he was sent to Pembroke College, Oxford, where he was entered a gentleman commoner. He took the degree of M.A., studied medicine, and commenced practice in Oxfordshire. Shortly afterwards he visited the Continent, studied at Padua, and was created Doctor of Physic in the University of Leyden. He returned to Eng- land about 1633, and between this and 1635 is supposed to have written his Religio Medici. In 1636 he settled at Norwich, and in 1637 he was created Doctor of Physic in the University of Oxford. Four years later he was united in marriage to a lady of the name of Mileham, of a Nor- folk family. The wits considered his desertion of a bachelor life, after his curious proposition in the Religio Medici, to afford a fair handle against him. Lut Browne let them laugh to their content, satisfied with his domestic happiness. The amiable pair were united for the long term of one-and- forty years, and saw ten children grtiwing up arounrl them. He was chosen an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1604, and in 1671 received the honour of knighthood from Charles II. Before his death he made donations for the bcnelit of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Christ Church, Oxford. We now come to speak of those works which have placed him in the first rank of English authors. The Religio Mclici, — The Religion of a Physician, — his first work, was nut designed, the author states, for publication. A MS. copy floated about for some time from hand to hand, until it found its way to the press, without the author's knowledge, in 1642, in which year two editions were pub. (Lon., Svo.) An edition was put forth by the author in 1643, and by 1685 it had passed through no less than eight editions. The corre- spondence between Sir Kcnelm Digby and the author, rela- tive to the annotations of the former, need only be alluded to here. A detailed account will he found in the Biog. Brit., and some sensible observations on the subject in Johnson's Life of Sir Thomas Browne, and in Mr. Simon Wilkins's Preface in H. G. Bohn's excellent edition, 1852, 3 vols. Mr. Merryweathcr of Cambridge introduced Re- ligio Medici to the learned of other lands, by a Latin ver- sion, which was pub. in Holland in 1644, and the same year in Paris, and in Strasburg in 1652, with copious notes by Moltkeuius. The notes of Sir Kenelm Digby will be found in the English edition of 1643, and those in the editions from 1644 are by Thomas Keek of the Temple. From Merryweather's version it was trans, into Italiaii, German, Dutch, and French. *' The Keligio Medici was no sooner published, than it excited the attention of the public by the novelty of paradoxes, the dignity of sentiment, the quick succession of images, the multitude of ab- struse allusions, the subtility of disquisition, and the strength of language." — Db. Saml. Johnson. The famous Guy Patin, in a letter from Paris, April 7, 1645, alludes to the sensation which its publication excited in that polished capital : "The book entitled Keligio Medici is in high credit here. The author has wit; there are abundance of fine things in that book; he is a humorist, whose thoujjhts are very aijreeable, but who, in my opinion, is to seek for a master in religion — as many others I are — and. in the end, perhaps, may find none. <)ne may say of I him. as Philip de Comines did of the founder of the MInimes, a hermit of Calabria. Francis de Paula, *■ he is still alive, and may , grow worse as well as better,' " BRO It is certainly calculated to induce caution in an author wlien he rememhers that, for a few careless remarks, a sin- cere Christian, like Browne, has had attributed to him a character which he would have considered a lasting dis- grace — that of an unbeliever in Christianity. Salmasius, Buddajus, Tobias Wagner, Miiller, and Reiser, consider him as doubtful, an infidel, or even atheistic, as their views vary, whilst Keimmaunus and Heister warmly vindicat« his orthodoxy. This grave charge of unbelief, or even of skepticism, is altogether unjustifiable. The disreputable ranks of the enemies of truth are ever on the watch to stamp their brand of infamy on the brow of those whose reputation they hope will strengthen their wretched cause. As Johnson well remarks, " In proportion as tbey doubt the truth of their own doctrines, they are desirous to gain 'the attestation of another understanding : and industriously labour to win a proselyte, and eagerly catch at the sliybtest pretence to dignify their sect with a celebrated name." Johnson sums up the case as respects Sir Thomas in his own masterly style : " The opinions of every man must be learned from himself: concerning his practice, it is .safest to trust the evidence of others. When these testimonies concur, no higher degree of historical cer- tainty can be obtained; and they apparently concur to prove, that Browne was a zealous adherent to the faith of Christ, that he lived in obedience to bis laws, and died in confidence of his mercy." In 1646 Browne pub. his Pseudodoxia Epidemica, or Enquiries into very many received Tenets, and commonly presumed Truths, (sm. folio;) 2d edit., enlarged and cor- rected, 1650, fol. ; again in 1659, fob ; and in 1669, 72, 4to ; 6th edit., with improvements, 1673 ; in French, Paris, 1733, 2 vols. 12mo. This was received with great favour, although it was criticized by Alexander Ross, (who as Medicus Medicatus had attjicked Reli^io Medici,) as Arcana Microcosmi, and by Robinson in his Eudoxa, or a Calm Ventilation, &c. " It is indeed to be wished, that he had longer delayed the pub- lication, and added what the remaining part of his life might h.ave furnished : the thirty-six years which he spent afterwards in study and experience, would doubtless have made large .additions to an Inquiry into Vulgar Krrors." — JohnsNt/,f}/ Review, 1112. Anthiiny Wood remarks that " As he had honoured his country with his elegant and sweet pastorals, so was he expected, and also entreated, a little iarther BRO to grace It, by drawing out the line of his poetic ancestors, begin- ning in Joseph Iscauius. [Joseph of Exeter, 13th century,] and ending in himself." — Alhen. Ozon. Wood says that much of a work of this kind had been prepared by Browne, and Oldys intimates the same thing, and pronounces him to have been most capable of so im- portant an undertaking : *■ He was reported a man not only the best versed in the works and beauties of the English poets, but also in the history of their lives and characters.' — Oldys's MS^'. We take the above notices from the Biog. Brit., to which the reader is referred for further particulars. " It appears to us, that sufficient justice has not, since the era of Milton, been paid to his talents ; for, though it be true, as Mr. llnulley has observed, that puerilities, forced allusions, and con- ceits, have frequently debased his materials, yet are these amply atoned for by some of the highest excellencies of his art; by an imagination ardent and fertile, and sometimes sublime; by a vivid personitication of passion : by a minute and truly fiiithful delinea- tion of rural scenery ; b_v a peculiar vein ol tenderness which runs through the whole of his pastorals, and by a versification uncom- monly varied and melodious. With these are combined a species of romantic extr-avagance which sometimes heightens, but more frequently degrades the effect of his pictures. Had he exhibited greater judgment in the selection of his imagery, and greater sim- plicity in his style, his claim on posterity had been valid, had been general and undisputed,"— X'roA-c's Shakspeare and his Times. Sir Egcrton Brydges pub. some poems of Browne, not before printed. We regret that we have not space for the eloquent eulogy of Browne by Thomas Miller, a delightful writer of our own day, still living. We must extract a line or two : " He carries with him the true aroma of old forests: his lines are mottled with mosses, and there is a gnarled ruggedness upon the stems of his trees. His waters have a wet look and splashing sound about them, and you feel the fresh air play around you while you read. His birds are the free denizens of the fields, and they Send their songs so life-like thjough the covert, that their music rings upon the ear, and you are carried away with his ' sweet pipings.' " Browne commemorates in ardent strains the poetical powers of his friend George Wither: ''C-iVis and Wither, by whose Muse's power, A n.atural day to me seems but an hour; And could I ever hear their learned lays, Ages would turn to artificial days.'* Pi-frm Bntannia's Pastorals. Wither returns the compliment in as complimentary a style ; "Roget here on Willy calls To sing out his Pastoralls: Warrants F.ame sh.all grace his rhymes. Spite of Envy and the Times." Frrmi Jhtises Stript and Whipt: or, Satyrical Essays, Lon.y 1613. Svo. Again, " I feel an envious touch. And tell thee, swain, that at thy fame I grutch; Wishing the art that makes this pot-m shine. And this thy work (wert thou not wronged) mine." Rare Ben Jonson admired Browne greatly : '■I would More of our writers would, like thee, not swell W'ith the how much they set forth, but the how well." A poet who can elicit the warm encomiums of such men as Seldon, Jonson, Drayton, Wither, Davies, and many others, distinguished for learning or knowledge of the poet's art — and those men his contemporaries — mu^t needs have rare merit. To few authors has it chanced to be so enthusiastically lauded by one age and so thoroughly neg- lected by the next. Of poems which were devoured with rapture, and praised with warmth, a third edition was not demanded for a century and a half. Browne, Sir WiUiam, M.D.. 1692-1774, a native of N(Mfo!k, wns entered of Peter-house, Cambridge, in 1707, where he took the degrees. B.A., 1710; M.A., 1714; 51. D., 1721. He was a frequent xmblisher of small pieces, principally classical, and always with as thorough an in- fusion of Latin and Greek as they would possibly bear, for Sir William was as fond of the '* manner of the ancients" as was his professional brother in Peregrine Piclvle. We notice a few of his publications: Dr. Gregory's Elements of Catoptrics and Dioptrics, translated from the Latin Original, - tier workings of thoughts and affections. "If men are often deficient on this score, women on the other hand are apt to pay excessive attention to the slight tokens, the little things of life. Thus, in conduct ur writing, they tend to weary us with a morbid sentimeiiliilism. From this fault Miss Barrett is wholly free."'— Maiigaret Fuller. The 4lh Kug. ed. of Mrs. Browning's Poems was pub. Lon., 1S66, 3 vols. 12mo; and in the same year she gave to the world Aurora Leigh. Reviews of this poem will bo found iu the North British Review, February, 1867, (being a general uotice uf Mrs. Browning's literary characteristics,) and in the London Athenaeum. Nov. 22, 1856. No. 1425 j N. Amer. Rev.. Ac. Amer. ed. of her poems, N.Y., 3 vols. 12mo. Aurora Leigh, 12mo. An excellent edition of Mrs. Browning's Poems hafl been published by Francis & Co., N.Y. Browning) Geo. Condition of Great Britain, Lon., 1834, 8vo. BRO BRO Browning, J. Lorenzo. Pignotti's History of Tus- cany, interspersed with Essays trans, from the Italian, with Life of the author, by J. L. B., 4 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1S23. '•Amongst the modern writers of Italy, whose works, both in poetry and prose, stand hi.i^h in the public estimation, is the late Lorenzo Piijnotti, one of the authors enumerated by Pozzetti as entitled to lixttjig fuTiif.'''' — RoscoE. BroAVuiug;, John. Sermons, Lon., 1636, 4to. Browning, John. Con. to Phii. Trans., 1746, *51. Elei tricity, Population, &c. Browning, Robert, b. 1813, at Camberwell, Eng- land, and educated at the London University, is one of the most eminent poets of the day. In 18.36 he pub. Paracel- sus, which was highly commended by a number of critics, but not extensively read. In 1837 his Tragedy of Straf- ford was produced, Mr. Macready personatin.s; the hero. "■ It is the worlc of a young i>oet," remarks a critic, " but is well conceived and arranged for effect, while its relation to a deeply-in- terestint; and stirring period of British history gives it a peculiar attraction to an English audience." Mr. Browning's other works are Sordella; Pippa Passes; The Blot in the Scutcheon, (played at Drury Lane in 1843,") King Viator and King Charles; Dramatic Lyrics; Return of the Druses ; Columbe's Birthday : Dramatic Romances; Luria; Bells and Pomegranates, (of which Pippa Passes is the first:) Christmas Eve; Easter-Day; Men and Women, 1855. His collected works have been pub. in 2 vuls. I2mo, Lon., {last ed., 1849,) and also by Ticknor & Fields, of Boston, 2 vols. 18mo, (last ed., 1856.) Mr. Browning was married in November, 1846, to Elizabeth Barrett, one of the most learned poetesses of the age. Since their mar- riage they have resided in Florence. '■ Next to Tennyson, we hardly know of another Eni;lish poet who can be compared with Browning. The grandest pieces in the volumes [of his Collected Works] are Pippa Passes, and A Blot in the Scutcheon. The latter, in the opinion of Charles Pickens, is the finest Poem of the century. Once read, it must haunt the imagination forever: for its power strikes deep into the very sub- stance and core of the soul." — E. P. WniPPLE. " Many Plnglish dramas have been written within a few years, the authors of which have established their claim to the title of poet. Vt'e cannot but allow that we find in them fine thoughts finely expressed, passages of dignified and sustained eloquence, and as adequate a conception of character as the reading of history and the study of models will furnish. But it is only in Mr. Brown- ing that we find enough of freshness, vigour, grasp, and of that clear insight and conception which enable the artist to construct characters from within, and so to make them real things, and not images, as to warrant our gi-anting the honour due to the dra- matist." — James Kussell Lowell: N. Ainer. Jteview, Ixvi. 357; read the whole of this well-written artii-le. "■ He is equally a master of thought and emotion, and joins to a rare power of imaginative creation that which is still more rarely found in union with it — the subtlest power of mental reasoning and analysis. Over the instrument of languaire he exerts the most facile mastery, and few poets have moved with such free and flowing step through the most complicated word mazes of music and measure." — Londrm Exainivpr. "We should say that Robert Browning deserves his position from his originality; but although his name has a certain celebrity, he has not yet won for himself a niche in the temple of bis nation's literature. He is rather a thinker than a singer; and yet cannot be accepted as a remarkable thinker. The grand conception of his larger works is weak and wavering, but the details exhibit no common powers. Whatever merits he may possess, ai'e, however, damaged by the eccentricity and want of beauty of his style. It is abrupt, harsh, full of tamiliar turns, and yet not familiar in its general structui-e: spasmodic in its vehemence, and obscure from mere negligence." — Brit. Quarterly Femew. vi. 1S47. Browning, Thomas. Prison Thoughts, 1683. 4to. BroAvning, W. S. Provost of Paris; a Tale, Lon., 3 vols. 8vo. History of the Huguenots, 16th Century, 3 vols. Svo; ditto from 1598 to 1838, 1 vol. 8vo, " One of the most interesting and valuable contributions to mo- dern history." — Lon. (knt. Mag. Brownlee, William Craig, D.D., b. 1784, at Tor- foot, the family estate, near Strathaven, Scotland. His paternal ancestors bad been the "Lairds of Torfoot" for many generations. Pastor of a Dutch Reformed Church in N. York for many years, and has pub. many valuable theolog. works. The Christian Father at Home. Christian Youth's Book, and Manual for Communicants, luquiry into the Religious Principles of the Society of Quakers. Lights and Shadows of Christian Life. On Popery. On Roman Catholic Controversy. The Converted Murderer. Whigs of Scotland ; a Romance. Deity of Christ. His- tory of Western Apostolic Churches. Other works. Brownlow, Bp. of Winchester. Sermons. 1799. 4t.o. Brownlow, Richard (and John Goldesho- rough's) Reports in C. Pleas temp. Elizabeth and James I., Lon., 1651, '54, '75, 4to. Latine Redivivus, 1693, fol. Surreptitious and imperfect copies were in circulation "Before the complete copy of l(J9:i. They were trans, into Eng- lish, and pub, in 1653 ; again with additions in 11.^.54. In Hi[t3 the book was repub. in the original Latin, with additions, because, the editor says, in 1653 and in 1654, these Kntries were unskilftdly turned into English. One of the translators, in speaking of the work. says. * 1 may dare to promise, without the imposition of te- merity, that allowing for human incidency, it may as justly claim the title of perfect as any thing of this nature hitherto published.' " ■ — Marvin's Legid Bihl. Brownlow compiled several other legal treatises. Brownrig, or Brounrig, Ralph, D.D., 1592- 1659, a native of Ipswich, entered Pembroke College, Cambridge, at 14; Archdeacon of Coventry, 1631; was made Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and Vice- chancellor of the University; Bishop of Exeter, 1642. He was deprived by the Parliament of the revenues of bis bishopric, and of his mastership of Catherine Hall. The Parliament did not relish his plain discourses. Forty Sermons, 1652, fol. ; reprinted with 25 others, making a second volume, Lon., 1665, 2 vols. fol. He had the cou- rage to " advise Oliver Cromwell to restore King Charles II. to bis just rights." But the *' Protector" had no idea of so easily depriving himself of the "price of blood." " He was a great mau for the Anti-Arminian cause, (for he was a rigid Calvinist,) yet a mighty champion for the liturgy and ordina- tion of bishops : and his death was highly lamented by men of all parties." — Ecu.uiD. " Dr. Gauden. who had known him above thirty years, declares that he never heard of any thing said or done by him which a wise and good man would have wished unsaid or undone. . . . He was one of tho.se excellent men with whom Archbishop Tillot- son cultivated an acquaintance at his coming to Loudon, and by whose preaching and example he formed himself." " His style is tolerably good, and his sentences generally short. But he is too full of divisions and subdivisions, and of scraps of Latin and Greek: which was the great lault of the age he lived in." — Biog. Brit. Dr. Gauden's eulogy is such a curious mixture of friend- ship and pedantry, that we must needs give it to the reader: '■ He was a person of those ample and cubical dimensions, for IieigJith of learning and understanding, for ilepf/i of humility and devotion, for length of all molality and virtue, and fur hrraf'ith of all humanity and charity, that it is hard to contract ar epifoviize him. He had the learning of Nazianzen, Basil, or Jekom ; the courage and constancy of Athanasius and St. Ambrose; the elo- quence of St. CrmvsosTOM and Cdrysologus; the mildness and gentleness of St. Ctprian or St. Austin ; the charity and benigni- ty of Paulinus and AIartinus." — Memorials of Bishnp Browrrng. *' He had wit at will ; but so that he made it his page, not privy councillor; to obey, not direct his judgment. He carried learn- ing enough in num-ratn about him in his pockets for any dis- course, and had much more at home in his chests for any serious dispute. It is hard to say whether his loyal memory, quick fancy, solid judgment, or fluent utterance were most to be admired, hav- ing not only fiurnm but fulmen doqmnticB, being one who did teach with authoritv." — FnUer^s WmiJiics. Brownris:g, William, M.D., 1711-1800, a native of Cumberland, studied medicine at London, and afterwards at Leyden, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1737. Art of Making Common Salt, Lon., 1748, Svo. Considera- tions on Pestilential Contagion, I77I, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans., 175.3, &c. When the President of the Boyal So- ciety, Sir John Pringle, was called on to bestow upon Dr. Priestley the gold medal for bis paper of Discoveries on the Nature and Properties of Air, he remarked, " It is no disparagement to the learned Di-. Priestley, that the vein of these discoveries was hit upon, some years ago, by my very learnei, very penetrating, very industrious, but too modest, friend, Dr. Brownrigg." Dr. Brownrigg was undoubtedly the "legitimate father*' of this class of discoveries. Brownsmith, John, The Rescue, or Thespian Scourge, 1767. Svo. Dramatic Timepiece, being a ealcu- liition of the Length of Time every Act takes in the Per- forming, in all the acting Plays at the Theatre Royal of Drury Lane, &c. &c., 1767. Svo. It is said that books have been written about almost every thing, and it ap- pears that Mr. Brownsmith determined to find a subject for his industry. If he could have accurately informed the public of all the evil effects in various ways produced every night by the theatre, and its many injurious in- fluences, he would have been a benefactor to society indeed ! Brownson, Orestes A., b. about 1S02, is a native of Windsor county, Vermont. He has been, in succession, a Presbyterian minister, a Universalist, a Dei.«t, again a Christian minister, — and is now a Roman Catholic layman. Some attention was excited to Mr. Brownson's pecu- liarities by a series of articles in the Christian Examiner. In 1836 he gave to the world a volume entitled. New Views of Christianity, Society, and the Church. Two years later he commenced the pulilication of the Boston Quarterly Review, in which periodical the principal part of his writ- ings have appeared. In 1843 it was merged in the De- mocratic Review, pub. in New York, to which Mr. B. en- gaged to contribute. His papers were not received with much warmth, and in 1844 he revived his periodical under the title of Brownson's Quarterly Review, which is still 267 BRO continued, largely supplied with Mr. Brownson's lucubra- | tions. In 1840 he puh. an account of his religious ex- ; perienee, under the title of Charles Elwood, or the Infidel Converted. Mr. Brownson is a great admirer of the phi- losophy of M. Comte, as developed in the Cours do Philo- sophie Positive. A well-written notice of Mr. Brownson's literary character will be found in Griswold's Prose Wri- ters of America. " We have no douljt that Charles Elwood will aid many a douMer to a cheerful faith, and confirm many a feclilu mind in the faith it has already professed."— C/iri'sdan Kiaminrr. ,i ■ " The style of Mr. Brownsoo has some good qualities. It is commonplace, without purity, and destitute of any ch.iracteristic | hrilliance or elegance: but it is natural, direct, and plain. It is that simple and unaffected manner which has the appearance ot_ , being formed, not upon any plan, but merely by practice and use. —11. W. Griswold. 1 "The nictai.liysical talents of Mr. 0. A. Brownson are well known tliiouKhout tlie United States. He is an able critic on mental philos.a.hy ; and the several articles which have appeared from his pen in tlie Quarterly Review are of a first-rate character. —BlaUyS Hist, of the FMlosophy of ihnd. ^ t-t -cr i ort The Convert; or. Leaves from my Experience, N.Y., 1857, 12mo. This work has been both highly praised and censured. "Brownswcrd, John, d. 1689. Progymnasmata ali- quot Poeraata, Lon., 1590. Other pieces. '•He was deservedly numbered among the best L.atm poets that lived in the reign of qu. Eliz.abeth."— ^Cieii. Oj-o«. Urowiiswood, John. Sermon on Methodists, 1739. UiowiiswooU, William. Sermon, 1704, 4to. Broxoline, Charles. Perkins Improved, 1657; a theolog. treatise. Bruce, Alexander. Principia Jurisfeudalis, tdin., 171.3 Svo. Other legal treatises, pub. 1714-72. Bruce, Alexander. Cause of the Pestilence, Edin., 1759 Bruce, Archibald, M.D., 1777-1S18, a native of New York, son of William Bruce, M.D., head of the Medi- cal Department in the British Army at New York, com- menced in 1810 the pub. of The Journal of American Mineralogy, the earliest purely scientific Journal of Ame- rica. Dr"'Bruce pub. but one volume. It was succeeded by Silliman's Journal, the able editor of which is still (i854) devoted to scientific investigation, and the Journal is continued. Bruce, Arthur. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1(97. Natural Hist, of the Common Mole. General View of the Agriculture of the County of Berwick, Ac, 1794, 4to. ''This work is printed as an appendix to the ftrraer work by Lowe. . . . The two reports together form a work that was not equalled in the whole number of county surveys."— flonuidson's AgriciiU. Biofi. ^ Bruce, Basil. Exhortation against Oaths, 1(98. Bruce, E. and J. Geography and Astronomy, &0., 1805. 121110 : 4th edit., 1813. Bruce, Edward, edited a beautiful edition of such Latin autliors as have written upon the Chase, entitled Poeta; Latini Rei Venaticas Scriptores etBucolici Antiqui, Ac. Leyden. 1728, 4to. This edition has been erroneously ascribed to Kempfer. — Diot/. Univ. Bruce, James, 1730-1794, an eminent traveller, de- scended oil the female side from the royal house of Bruce, was a native of Kinuaird, county of Stirling, Scotland. An interesting account of his travels in France, Spain. Italy, Germany, Africa, ic, will be found in Rose's Biog. Diet. Travels to discover the Source of the Nile, in the years 1768, 'fiil, '70, '71, '72, and '73, Edin., 1790, 5 vols. 4to ; 2d edit., corrected and enlarged, with a Life of the Author, by Dr. Alexander Murray, Edin., 1805, 7 vols. 8vo ; and 3d edit., 1813, 7 vols. Svo, and Atlas, 4to. The 4to Atlas contains the plates, being select specimens in Natural His- tory, C(dloctcd ill Travels to discover the Source of the Nile, in Enypt, Abyssinia, and Nubia, being an Appendix to his Travels. Dr. Ale.xander Murray, the editor of the 2d edit., pub. Edin.. 1808, 4to, An Account of the Life and Writings of James Bruce, Esq., &e. See also Richard Wh.arton's Observations on the Authenticity of Bruce's Travels, Newc.-upou-Tyne, 1800, 4to ; and A Compliment- ary Letter to James Bruce, Esq., by Peter Pindar, [Dr. John Wolcott,] Lon., 1790, 4to. We .also coninicnd to the reader's notice, as an interest- ing sequel to Bruce's Travels, Nathaniel Pearce's Nino Years' Residence in Abyssinia, 2 vols. p. Svo. Mr. Bruce was an excellent linguist, and well versed in several de- partments of learning. ..... " Drucf's Travels is one of those few publications which at its first apiH^.irance engaged our incessant perus:tl. and we then thought it a very useful, entertaining, and interesting work. 'ri,«. preseiit edition is greatly superior to the former." ^'"'^ notice of 'Id edit, 20S BRU "It would be poor and inadequate praise to say that it has seldom or never fallen to our lot to notice a book so ably edited We Ddieve no editor ever before so laboriously quallhed himself for his undertaking." Annual Jlev. ,, ■ , • ^ ft,. " Who has not heard of Bruce— the romantic, the intrepid, the undefati^able Bruce ?— His • tale' was once suspected; but suspi- cion has sunk into acquiescence of its truth. A more enterpnsing, li..ht but lion-hearted traveller never left his native hills for the a°complishment of such purposes as those which Bruce accom- plished."— Dibdin. Bruce, James. Sermon, 1S0.3, Svo. Bruce, James. Classic and Historic Portraits, Lon., " We find in these piquant volumes the liberal outpourings of .1 ripe scholarship, the results nf wide and various rciding. given in a style and mannerat once pleasant, gossippy, and pictures(iue. " A series of biogr.aphic.al sketches remarkable for their truth and fidelity."- ion. i*™ry Gii.-c/(e, Bruce, John. Emperor and the Muscovites, Ui6. Bruce, John, Keeper of the State Papers, and Histo- riographer to the Hon. East India Company. Annals of the E. India Company, 1600-1708, Lon., 1810, 3 vols. 4to Report on the Events and Circumstances connected with the Union of England and Scotland, 1799, Svo. Other work.s, 1780-1S13. ,ooo ,« Bruce, John. Educational Works, Lon., lS08-tt). Bruce, John. Sympathy, or the Mourner Advised and Comforted, Lon., 1829, 12mo. " Valuable as are the treatises of Flavel, and Grosvenor, and Cecil this volume is more judicious than the first, more clearly evangelical than the second, more tender than the last, and more copious and complete than any or all of them."— £c!ec(ie Review. History of the Jews in all Ages, 12mo. " To Prof. Jlihnan's History of the Jews this work is a complete !Lnt\dl•te.••—W<■.sl^•!lnn^r^thmlisl^fr'g. ,. , tt. . Bruce, John C. Hand Book of English History, Lon., 184S, 12mo. The Roman Wall, Svo; 2d edit., en- larged, 1853 ; a few copies on 1. p., 4to. "The Roman Wall is a verv elaborate and painstaking work on one of the most interesting of British antiquities. Mr, Bruce is a man of learnin.'. whether as regards Roman history, in connection with Britain, or the works of Archseologists upon our Rijinati re- mains, especially those which relate to his immediate subject. — '''The'authoi's style renders it highly readable, the facts he has cnller-ted will make it useful for reference, and its portiibility, and the clear .arrangement of the subject-matter, should introduce it as a companion to all who may desire to study fuly one of the noblest monuments of our country."— G«i''«ina" « J""!'- Bruce, Lew., D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1743, '45, '52, '62. 4to. Bruce, Michael. Sermon, 1725, Svo. Bruce, Michael, 1746-1767, a native of Kinness- wood, county of Kinross. Scotland, was the son of a weaver. Hi.s father designed him for the ministry, and sent him to the University of Edinburgh, where he made the acquaintance of the Rev. John Logan, who pub. a volume of his poems in 1770. three years after his decease. A second edit, was pub. in 1784, and they were afterwards included in Anderson's edit, of the Poets. Principal Baird put forth another edit, in 1807, and in 1S37 they were again pub., with a life of the author, by the Rev. William Mackelvie, Balgedie, Kinrossshire. "Had Bruce lived, it is probable he would have t.aken a high place among our national poets. He was gifted with the requisite enthusiasm" fancy, and love of nature, . . . The pieces he has left have all the marks of youth; a style only halt formed and imma- ture and resemblances to other poets, so close and frequent, that the reader is constantly stumbling on some familiar im.ige or ex- pression. In Lochleven. a descriptive poem in blank verse, he has taken Thomson as his model. The opening is a paraphrase of the commencement of Thomson's Spring, and epithets taken from the Seasons occur throughout the whole poem, with tr.-ices of Mil- ton. Ossian. 4c. . . . The Last Day is inferior to Lochlevem . • In poetical beauty and energy, as in Mograpbical interest, his Latest effort. The Klegv, must ever rank the Inst in his produc- tions,"— Robert CH,lMBEas; see Specimens in I yc . of tng. l,lt,_ 'Though the poem on Lochleven contains little more than SLX hundred lines, it is astonishing with what a v,inety of landscapes it is decorated; these are for the most part touched with a spirited The Eclectic Review, pencil, and not seldom discover considerable originality, both in conception and execution; they are not mere copies of stil life, hut abound in the expression of human pas-sions and feelings, and excite the most permaneut and pleasurable emotions. Oh reader I bless the memory of the gentle Bard ; and whist the tear of pity trembles on thy cheek, mayst thou feel the glow of emulative 'hope, and learn to live like )i\m."—Pral.r. s Literary Himrs. vol, iii, 325: read the whole of this interesting sketch, Bruce, Peter Henry, a distiugui.shcd soldier of a Scotch family. Memoirs. Travels, &c.. Lon., 1782, 4to. Bruce, Richard. The Life of Religion, Lon.. 1615. Bruce, Robert, 1599-1631, appointed one of the ministers of Edinburgh, 15S7. Sermons, Edin.. 1591, Svo. 16 Sermons, Lon., 1617, 4to. Discovery of the Conspiracy of Papists, ,1,0., 4to. Sermons reprinted with Collec. for his life by Rev. Robert Wodrow, edited by Rev. yfva. BRU BRY Cunningham, D.D., Trinity College Church, Edin., printed for the Wodrow Society, 1843_, 8vo. " A hero adorned with every virtue, a constant confessor, and almost martyr, of the Lord Jesus." — A. Melville. "Mr. liobert Bruce I several times heard, and, in my opinion, never man spake with greater power since the Apostles' days." — LmNCSTONE. Bruce, Robert, M.D. Arboricult. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1725. Bruce, Titus. Monarchy Maintained j a Sermon, 1682. 4to. Bruce, William. State of Society in the Age of Homer, p. 8vo. Treatise on the Being and Attributes of God, Svu. Sermons on the Study and Interpretation of the Bible, 1824, Svo. " An exposition and defence of the system of Christian doctrine denominated Ariauism." — Lrm.. Mimthly Repository. Bruch, Richard. Epigrammata, Lon., 1626, 12mo. Epigranimatum, etc., Lon., 1627. Bruckner, John, 1726-1S04, though a native of the island of Cadsand, near the Belgic frontier, was for 51 years settled as French preacher at Norwich, England. Theorie du Systeme Animal. Leyd., 1767 ; trans, into Eng- lish, with the title of A Philosophical Survey of the Ani- mal Creation, Lon., 1768. '• In the 7tli and 10th chapters are many of the sentiments which have been more recently put forward in the writings of Mr. Mai thus." In 17U0 ho pub., under the name of Cassander, Criti- cisms on the Diversions of Purley. John Home Touke, the author, replied to these strictures with some asperity in his 4to. edit. He pub. in 1792 Thoughts on Public Worship, being a reply to Gilbert Wakefield's tract on So- cial Worship, Lon., 1791, Svo. Ho also began a didactic poem in French verse, in illustration of the principles laid down in his Theorie du Systeme Animal. Bruckner was a man of considerable erudition, and preached with ap- plause in four languages, — Latin, French, Dutch, and English. Bruckshaw, Samuel. One more Proof of the Ini- quitous Abuse of Private Madhouses, 1774, Svo. Brudenell, £xton. System of Midwifery, Lon., 1751. Svo. Bruce, William U. The Clove Tree, 1797, 4to. Bruce, Walter. Praxis Medicina> Theoretica et Em- pirica, Lou., 1639, -ito : several foreign edits., Ven., 15S5, fol.; Antw., 1585, ful. ; Lug. Bat., 1599, Svo; again, 1628, Svo; again, 1647, Svo. Bruen, Lewis. Christian Psalms, 1789, Svo. Bruen, Robert. Pilgrim's Practice, Lon., 1621, Svo. Bruen, JYIatthias, 1793-1829, a native of Newark, New Jersey, pub. Sketches of Italy, and a Sermon at Paris. Bruggis, Thos. Companion for a Chirurgcon, Lon., 1651, Svo. Chirurgical Vade Mecum, with a sup. by Ellis Pratt. M.D., Lon., 16S9, 12mo. Brulles. Cultivating and Dressing Hemp, 1790. Brumhall. Sermon on Hypocrisy, 1677, 4to. Brumwell, William. Con. to Med.Obs. and Inq.,1784. Brunne, Robert de, or Robert Mannyng, a na- tive of Brunne in Lincolnshire, was a Canon of the Gil- bertine order, and resident in the priory of Sempringham ten years in the time of Prior John of Camelton, and five years with John of Clyntone. In 1303 ho began his trans- lation, or rather paraphrase, of Manuel Peehe or Manuel des Peches, that is, the Manual of Sins. It is along pro- duction, treating of the decalogue and the seven deadly sins, which are illustrated by many legendary stories. It was never printed, but is preserved in the Bodleian Library, MSS. No. 415, and in the Harleian MSS., No. 1701. In this work he remonstrates upon the introduction of foreign terms into the language : " I seke," says he, *' no straunge Ynglyss." But a more important work of his is a metrical chronicle of England. The former part is trans, from an old French poet called Maistcr Wace or Gasse, who copied Geoffrey of Monmouth in a poem called Roman des Rois D'Angle- terre. The second part of De Brnnne's Chronicle, begin- ning from Cadwallader, and ending with Edward the First, is trans, principally from a Chronicle by Peter Langtoft, an Augustine canon of Bridlington, in Yorkshire, who is supposed to have died in the reign of Edward II., and was therefore a contemporary of De Brunne. Hearne edited De Brunne, but "has suppressed the whole of his trans, from Wace, excepting the prologue, and a few extracts which he found necessary to illustrate his glossary." Some specimens of De Brunne's style will be found in Ellis's se- lection; in Chambers's Cyo. Eng. Lit; and in Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry, in which work will be found some learned notes upon our author. "The learned antiquary. Hearne. perhaps thought that having preserved the whole of Robert of liloui't-.ster's taithful and almost literal version of Geoffrey of Mmiuii'utli, it was unnecessary to print the more licentious paraphiasi- which had passed through the medium of a Norman poet." — Ellis s Specimens of Early Eng. Poet., i. Vi'2. Brunuing, Benj. The Best Wisdom, 1660, 4to. Brunsell, Samuel. Sermon, Lon., 1660, fol. Brunswick, Duke of. Reasons for embracing the Roman Catholic Faith, 1715, Svo. Brunton, Alex., D.D. Sermons & Lectures, 1818, Svo. Bruuton, Anua. The Cottagers; a Comic Opera, 17SS, Svo. This was pub. at the age of 15. Brunton, J>Iary, 1778-1818, the only daughter of Colonel Thomas Balfour, was a native of the island of Bara, in Orl;noy. At the age of 20 she married the Rev. Dr. Brunton, minister of Bulton, in Haddingtonshire. In 1803 Dr. and Mrs. Brunton removed to Edinburgh. Her novel of Self-Control was pub. anonymously in 1811. *' 1 intended to show the power of the religious principle in be- stfjwin;; selfcommaud, and to bear tt'stimony against a maxim as immnra! as indelicate, that a reformed rake makes the best hus- band." — Prom a Lettfr by the Authoress. The work was very successful. The 1st edit, was sold in a month, and a second and a third followed. In 1814 she pub. Discipline, which also was successful. Her third work, Emmeline, she did not live to finish. It was pub., together with a memoir of the authoress, by Dr. JJrunton, after her decease. An edition of her works has been pub. in 7 vols. p. Svo. All of her writings have been trans, into French, and are highly esteemed on the Continent. "Among the pleasiu;; expounders of morality Mrs. Brunton stood pre-eminent, as well for the good taste and style, as for the soundness, of her works. Her two novels of t* elf-Control and Discipline met with great and well-deserved success." See Lon. Monthly Keview, vols. Ixv., Ixxviii., and xci. Brusasque, £liz. A. Trans, from the German of Siitzcr of the Principles of Taste as applied to the Fine Arts and Literature, 1806, Svo. Bruton, William, News from the East Indies; or Voyage to Beugala, Lon., 1638, 4to: see Osborne's Voya- ges, i. 267, 1745, and Hakluyt's Voyages, vol. v. Bryan, Augustine, d. 1726, of Trinity College, Cam- bridge, edit. Plutarch's Lives, pub. Lon,, 5 vols., 4to, aft«r his death. Bishop Hare speaks of him in terms of com- mendation in the preface to his edit, of Terence. Bryan, Ans;ustiue, A Sermon, Lon., 1718, Svo. Bryan, or Bryant, Sir Francis, d. 1520, an Eng- lish poot and warrior, educated at Oxford, followed tho Earl of Surrey in his expedition to the coast of Brittany, In 1549 he was appointed chief governor of Ireland, and he there married the Countess of Ormond. He was nephew to Sir John Bourchier, Lord Berners, (q. ik) and shared in his literary taste. He trans, from the French of Allegre, A Dispraise of the Life of a Courtier, which Allegre had trans, from the CastiUan of Guevara, Bishop of Mondovent. Bryant's trans, was pub. Lon., 1548, Svo. ■* lie hath written sougs and sonnets; some of these are printed with tho Songs and Sonnets of lien. Earl of Surrey, and Sir Tho. Wyatt the elder ; which Songs and Sonnets shew him to have been most passionate to bewail and bemoan the perplexities of love." — Allien. Oxon. He also left some MS. Letters of State. Bryan, John, D.D., of Coventry. Serms., Lon., 1647-74. Bryan, Marg:aret. Educational works, 1799-1815. Bryan, Matthew, Sermons, 1684, '92, 4to. Bryan, Michael, 1757-1821, a native of Newcastle, was for many years the first English auth<»rity in pictorial art. His celebrated Biographical and Critical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers was pub. in 7 parts, 1813-16, forming 2 vols. 4to, This valuable work is an improve- ment as well as enlargement of Pilkington's Dictionary, (Lon., 1805, '10, 4to.) "No private individual has been more conspicuous in the annals of British art than the late Michael Bryan. Esq. . . . Having had coust;int need of reference to his Dictionarj' of Painters and En- gravers, we can take upon ourselves to vouch for its general accu- racy, research, and ability. The original sketches are admirably written." — Lon. Literary Gazette. Mr. Bohn has recently (in 1849) pub. a new edition of this valualde work, revised, enlarged by more than 1000 additional Memoirs, and continued to the present time by George Stanley, Esq., 1 voK imp. Svo, £2 2«. Dr. Spooner of New York has recently pub. an extensive work upon the same plan. Bryan, Philip. Collection of Arms, Crests, Ac, Lon., fol. Bryan, William- A Testimony, Ac. concerning Riehard Brothers, 1795, Svo. Bryauston, John. A Manifest Reason, Ac, 1683. BRY " A useful and original view of the eyidenres of Christianity, in wbich some of the chief diffi-'ulties in Revelation are noticed, and, on the whole, satisfactorily olniated." — Ormk. Observations upon the Plagues inflicted upon the Egyp- tians, Lon., 1794, 1810, 8vo. " A very learned and curious work on the Plagues of Egypt, in ■which this series of miracles is critically investigated, and shewn to afford most convincing evidences of the divine mission of Moses."' —Bishop Van Miibeet. "None can read this book without being gratified with the learned research which it displ.iys, and the light which is thrown by it on the singular, and in some respects obscure, subjects to which it relates." — Orme. " The same depth of thought, the same brilliancy of fancy, and the same extent of erudition, are proportionably conspicuous in this smaller production, as in the larger work of the Analysis of Ancient Jlvthologv."— Bndi/i Vi-Uic, O. .9.. iv. 35. "Suggests some valuable hints for the illustration of this sul> ject." — BICKERSTETH. Mr. Bryant had always been conspicuous for the inde- jndence of his opinions, and had excited the astonishment of the learned who were willing to take things as they had received them from their grandsires. But what was their dismay when Professor Dalzel's publication of Chevalier's Description of the Plain of Troy, elicited from the fearless Jacob, A Dissertation concerning the W.Tr of Troy, and the Expedition of the Grecians as described by Uomer, showing that no such expedition ever took place, and that no such city as Plirygia existed, Lon., 1796, 4to. Great was the indignation" of the Hellenists at finding their be- loved city thus unceremoniously swallowed up by the rod of this skeptical magician. Determined not to yield with- out a struggle, Vincent, FalUoner, Wakefield, and Morritt rushed to the rescue, and the vindicators of Troy fought indeed like Trojans. Mr. Bryant made but few converts, whatever may have been the justice of his cause. The Sentiments of Philo-Juda?us concerning the Logos, or Word of God, Ac, 1797, Svo. In 1799 he .answered Mr. Morritt's strictures upon his treatise on Troy, and in the same year addressed an Expostulation on this subject to the British Critic. Observations on the famous controverted passages in Justin Martyr and Josephus. His last work was entitled Dissertations upon some Passages in Scripture, which the Enemies of Religion have thought most Obnoxious, and attended with Difficulties not to be surmounted, 1803, 4to. The difficulties referred to are those in the History of Ba- laam ; Samson and his victory at Lehi ; the sun standing still in Gibeon. and portions of the history of Jonah. "On all these topics the author's profound acquaintance with the idolatries and mythology of the Heathen supplied him with many curious and import.ant illustrations. If he has not removed all the difficulties, he has shown that they may be materially re- duced." — Orme. " On the whole, we have discovered in this work much learning, much ingenuity, and an uniform good intention; but truth com- pels us to add, that it displays a defect in judgment, and a too evident propensity to support a favourite hypothesis." — British Critic, O. S.. XXV. 58. Amidst all Mr. Bry.ant's learned inquiries, it may be said , , , o,, - - J , ii.' -t - ri\. tohispraise, that if at times speculation deceived or theory must be branches of the one used by the progenitors of the | I ^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ,„ ^^^.^^^^ ^^^ ^ human race, ho conceived that the mvestigsition of radical , "^^^ -», ^ „'.;„»:„_ fl. „„i..„..- e „„„ . .„ „„„«,„, „„r terms aud philological comparisons would lead to the esta- blishment of Scriptural History. His theory was an in- genious one, but Mr. Bryant's zeal was greater than his knowledge of oriental languages. Richardson and other scholars attacked some of his positions, and showed their erroneous foundations. A Vindication of the Apamean Medal: Archaiol. vol. iv., and separately in 4to, 1775. Vindiciae Flavianae,- or a Vindication of the Testimony given by Josephus concerning our Saviour Jesus Christ, 1780, 8vo. This argument was so convincing, that even Dr. Priestley declared himself a convert. In this year Bryant edited Wood's Essay on Homer, the MS. of which was left in his care. An Address to Dr. Priestley upon his Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity. 1780, Svo. This was replied to by Priestley. Observations on the Poems of Thomas Rowley, in wliich the authenticity of these Poems is .ascertained, 1781, 2 vols. 12mo. This was an unfortu- nate cause, but even when espousing error, Mr. Bryant would always elucidate much valuable truth. In 1783 was pub. The Marlborough Gems, under the title of Gem- marum antiquarum delectus ex prsestantioribus desumptus in Dactylotheca Ducis Marburiensis. Vol. 1st of the ex- position was written in Latin by Mr. Bryant, and trans, into French by Mr. Maty; vol. 2d by Dr. Colo, and trans, by Mr. Dutcns. At the request of the dowager Lady Pem- broke, Mr. B. prepared, and pub. in 1792, Svo, 3d edit., 1810, Svo, Treatise on the Authenticity of the Scriptures and the Truth of the Christian Religion. " Peculiarly adapted for men of education who wish to see the p incipal arguments in favour of Christianity condensed into a uarrow compass." 270 BRY Bryant, Alfred, b. 1807, in N. Jersey. Millenarian Views, 1852. Abstractions in the World to Come, 1863. Bryant, Charles. Hist. Account of the Lycoperdon, Lon., 1783, Svo. Flora Diatetica, 1783, Svo. A Diet, of the ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Plants most commonly cultivated in Great Britain, Norwich, 1790, Svo. Bryant, Henry. 1. Sermon. 2. Cause of the Brand in Wheat, 1758, '84. Bryant, .lacob, 1715-1804, a man of profound learn- ing, was a native of Plymouth, in Devonshire, and was educated at Eton, and King's College, Cambridge. Ho accepted the post of tutor to the sons of the Duke of Marl- borough, and attended his grace during his campaign as his private secretary. The duke gave further evidences of his esteem by securing to Mr. Bryant an annuity which he received until his death, assigning two rooms to his use at Blenheim, and presenting to him the keys of his cele- - , , . brated library. Mr. Bryant revelled in these literary stores, [ pendenceoi his opinion; and it is worthy of note, that as literature was the great -'"-- ' "• ""■»•■'> passion of his life, so its pursuit in one sense may besaid to have hastened his death. In stepping on a chair to reach a book in his library, his foot slipped, and grazing his leg, mortification ensued, of which he died, Nov. 14, 1804, at the age of 89. Mr. Bryant was wedded to his books and learned theories, and therefore never took a wife. His publications were numerous : Observations and In- quiries relating to various Parts of Ancient History, con- taining Dis.sertations on the Wind Euroclydon ; and on the Island Melite, together with .an Account of Egypt in its most early State, and of the Shepherd Kings, Cam- bridge, 1767, 4to. In this volume Bryant does not hesitate, though with great modesty, to enter the field against Bo- chart. Grotius. Bentley, Cluverius. and Beza. He contends that Euroclydon is correct, and should not be read Euroa- quito, and tie Island Melite of the last chapter of the Acts is not Malta. His arguments are considered convincing. " .4n ingenious gentleman, whose name is Bryant, has proved, I think, very clearly, that the Isle of Malta was not the place where St. Paul was shipwrecked, but Mtlile, which lies in the Adriatic gulph, upon the co.ast of Epidaurus. He likewise makes it proba- ble that we must give up Dr. Bentley 's reading, and abide by Euro- clydon." — C'harlfis Godwin to HtUrhim, Aug. 14, 17G7. *" That very respectable author has demonstrably shown that the Malta where" St. Paul was shipwrecked was not the Malta in the Mediterranean Sea against Africa, but the Melitw in the Illyrian Oulf, because. 4c."— Wm. Bowter : Xidtols's Lit. Aneodotts, iii. 47 ; but see the other side in vol. ix. 515. His next and most importantwork, and theone by which posterity will decide upon his merits, was A New System, or Analysis of Ancient Mythology; wherein an attempt is made to" divest Tradition of F.able, and to reduce Truth to its original Purity, Lon., 1774-76, 3 vols. 4to. Mr. Bryant's object in this work was to prove the truth of the Scriptures, by tracing the earliest history of man- kind, as related in the Bible, through the traditional remains of all nations. Arguing upon the theory that all languages 1 of God by promoting the salvation of man : to confirm our hope of a glorious immortality, by establishing the truth of that inspired record wherein we " think we have eternal life." Bryant, John Frederick. Verses and autobiogra- phy, 2d edit,. 1787, Svo. JaSryant, John II., b. 1807. a brother of William Cul- len Bryant, is a native of Cumminglon, Mas.L\%Z'2, p. <>it». " There is running through the whole of this little collection, a strain of pure and high sentiment, that expands and lifts up the soul, and brings it nearer to the source of moral bf-auty. This is not indefinitely and obscurely shad'iwed out, but it animates bright images and clear thoughts." — W. Phillips: N.American Review, xiii. 3S0; notice of The Ages and other Poems, pub. at Cambridge, 1821. pp.44. '• Others before him have sung the beauties of creation, and the greatness of God; but no one ever observed external things more closely, or transferred bis impressions to paper in more vivid co- lours. A violet becomes, in his hands, a gem tit to be placed in an imperial diadem; a mountain leads his eyes to the canopy above it. On the whole, we may pronounce the book before us the best volume of American poetry that has yet appeared. The publication of such a volume is an important event in our literature. We have been too much in the habit of looking abroad for examples and models; and our poets, generally, have had the usual fortune of imitators, — their copies have fallen short of the originals." — W. J. Snellino : N. American Review, sxsiv. 5U2; notice of the edition of 1832, Bhss, New York, 8ro. " His name is classical in the literature of the language. Whei^ ever English poetry is read and loved, his poems are known by heart. Collections of poetry, elegant extracts, school-books, Na- tional Readers, and the like, draw largely upon his pieces. Among American poets his name stands, if not the very first, at least among the two or three foremost. Some of his pieces are perhaps greater favourites with the reading public than any others written in the United States." — G. S. IIili.ard: N. American Review, Iv. 501). (.Notice ot ediiiun of I>»4;j, Wiley & Vutnam, New York and London. 12mo. pp. 100.) Can we bett«r conclude our notice of the poetry of this distinguished American, than by the graphic picture of its merits drawn by the vivid pencil of the man whom the country and his age delight to honour? '■ Bryant's writings transport us into the depths of the solemn primeval forest, to the shores of the lonely lake — the banks of the wild nameless stream, or the brow of the rocky upland, rising like a promontory from amidst a wide orean of foliage; while they shed around us the glories of a climate fierce in its extremes, but splen- did in all its vici.ssitudes." — W.\-;niNGTox Irving. The only fault that we have to find with Mr. Bryant is that he has written so little, and has chosen to scatter his brilliance amidst a constellation of little poetic stars, rather than to concentrate the light of his genius in some immortal work, which should shine as a planet in the lite- rary horizon to the latest generation. Letters of a Traveller in Europe and America, N. York, 12mo. '• Mr. Brj-ant's style in these Letters is an admirable model of descriptive prose. Without any appearance of labour, it is finishe-! with an exquisite grace. Tlie genial love of nature, and the lurk- ing tendency to humour, which it everywhere betrays, preveuta its severe simplicity from rumnng into hardness, and gives it freshness and occasional glow in spite of ita prevailiug propriety and reserve.'" — Harper's Neio Mrmthly Magazine. See also Lou. Month. Rev., cxxvii. 490 ; For. Quar. Rev., X. 121; Chris. Exam., xsii. 59, (by W. P. Lunt;) South. Lit. Mess., iii. 41; Amer. Quar. Rev., sx. 504; Be Bow's Rev., ix. 577. {by T. A. Turner:) Democrat. Rev., vi. 273, xvi. 1S5; U.S. Lit. Gaz.. i. 8; Phila. Mus., xx. 578, xxi. 404. A new ed. of Bryant's Poetical Works, collected and arranged by the author, illustrated with 71 engravings, Lon., 1858. Bryars, John, Rector of BilHngford. Norfolk. Cha- rity Sermon, Phil. iv. 17. 1711. -Svo. Funeral of a Bay Labourer, St. John ii. 26, 1712. Svo. Bryce, James. An Account of the Yellow Fever, Edin., 1796, Svo. The Cow Pox, Ediu., 1S02, Svo; 2d edit, enlarged, 1809. Svo. Bryce, James, D.D. British India, Lon., 1810, Svo. Sketch of Native Education in India, Svo. " A very valuable and seasonable publication." — Asiatic Journal. "This able voliune.'' — .Y-^Jo Monthly Magazine. "Dr. Bryce's work may be read with advantage even in refer ence t« the present state of the question of national education in this country."' — Atlas. ■'Tliijj excellent volume." — United Service Gaz. Bryckiuton, Stephen. See Birchixgtox. 271 BRY BRY Brydall, or Bridall, John, h. 1635, in Somerset- ehire, was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. He set- tled in Lincuhrs Inn. and became equally celebrated for his loyalty and law-books. Jus Imaginis apud Anglos, 1671, 8vo. Speculum Juris Anglicam, or a View of the Laws of England us they are divided into Statutes, Com- mon Law, and Customs, 1673, 8vo. Jus Sigilli, 1673. Jus Criminis, 1675, 8vo. Camera Regis, 1696, 8vo. I'e- eus et Tutamen, 1679, Svo. Jura Corona;, 1680, 8vo. Col- lection of the Laws of England touching matters Crimi- nal, 1696, Svo. Ars Trausferendi, 1679, Svo. " This book contains some very useful materials for the student's legal reflections." Non Compos Mentis, 1700, Svo. Lex Spuriorum, 1703, Svo. Declaration relative to tho Temporal Lords in Par- liament, 1704, fol. Bryden, William, D.D. Sermon, 177S, Svo. Brydges, Sir Grey, Lord Chandos, d. 1621, called, **from his magnificent style of living,"' King of Cotswould, is supposed to have been the author of Horco Subseciva?, Lon., 1626, Svo. Wood ascribes this work to Gilbert, Lord Cavendish. Maloue is disposed to attribute it to William Cavendish. Thomas Baker, Dr. White Kennet, and Horace Walpole. consider its authorship a matter of great doubt, and Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges is evidently disposed to adopt it on behalf of the House of Chandos. See this knotty point discussed in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, Biydges's Memoirs of King James's Peers, and in Censura Literaria, 2d edit., vi. 192. Brydges, Sir Harford Jones. Dynasty of the Kajars, trans, from the Persian, 1833, 12mo. Account of the Transactions of his Majesty's Mission to Persia, 1807-11, 2 vols. Svo. 1S34. "Sir Harford sucoeeded in his ffreat object, and concluded a treaty with Persia, when the French influence had already baffled and driven away our English at^ent — Sir John Mak-om." — Morikr. Brydges, Hou. and Rev, Henry, Sermons, 1701,'09. Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, 1762-1837, ''a man to all the book tribe dear," was a native of Wotton Court, Kent. He was the set-ond son of Edward Brydges, Esq., of that place, by Jemima, daughter and co-heiress of the Rev. William Egerton, LL.D., Prebendary of Can- terbury. He was educated at the Grammar School at Maidstone for four years, for five at thu King's School, Cambridge, and in 17S0 was entered of Queen's College, Cambridge. He was called to the Ear in 1787, but never applied with much zeal to its duties. lu 1812 he was elected to Parliament from Maidstone, and continued a member until 1818, when ho removed to the continent, where he remained residing at Paris, Geneva, in Italy, ttc, until his death in 1837. We now come to notice a mat- ter respecting which Sir Egerton (for so he is commonly styled) permitted few of his readers to remain long igno- rant. After the death of the last Duke of Chandos in 1790, Sir Egerton induced his brother, the Rev. Edward Tymewell Brydges, to prefer a claim to the Barony of Chan- dos, upon the ground of alleged descent from a younger son of the first Brydges who wore that title. The House of Peers pronounced its decision in 1803, "that the peti- tioner had not made out his claim to the title and dignity of Baron Chandos." This was a death-blow to the ambi- tious hopes of the aspiring liiteraieur, and the effects of his disappointment were permitted to mar many pages of profound lore and rare beauty. It is not thought by those best qualified to judge, that any injustice was done to him- self or brother in the premises. Those who are curious on this subject can refer to Mr. G. F. BcUz's Review of the Chandos Peerage Case, Lon., 1S34, Svo, and to Sir Egerton 's edit, of Collins's Peerage. Sir Egerton, not- withstanding this adverse decision, declared that he could assert his rights by Common Law ; and upon this presump- tion he was wont to add to his signature " per legum Tcrraj B. C. of S." But in 1S14 he received a more substantial ho- nour in the shape of a baronetcy. In his novel of Arthur Fitz-Albiui the reader will find recorded much of the author's sombre experience. Like Lord Byron, whom in some re- spects he resembled. Sir Egerton is continually presenting hia own woful visage in his gloomy galleries. As a writer Sir Egerton has conferred substantial benefits on the lite- rature of his country, especially in his researches in early English poetry. His publications were numerous: Son- nets and Poems, Lon., 1785-95 ; 4th edit., 1808, Svo. The celebrated Echo and Silence, so highly commended by Wordsworth, appeared in this collection. The Topogra- pher, a monthly miscellany, in coniunction with the Rev. Stebbing Shaw. April. I7S0. to June. 1791, -1 vols. Svo. To- pographical Miscellanies, 4to, 1702; only about 200 pages printed. Mary de Clifford^ a Novel/l792, 1800, Svo. 272 Verses relative to the Constitution, and other Poems, 1794, 4to. "Arthur Fitz-Albini ; a Novel, 1798-99, 2 vols. Svo. Heflections on the Augmentations of the British Peerage, Ac, anon., 1798, Svo. Tests of the National Wealth and Finances. 1798, Svo. A new edit, of Tbeatnim Poetarum Anglieanorum by Phillips, (the nephew of John Milton,) 1800, Svo. Le Forester ; a Novel, 1802, 3 vols. Svo. Me- moirs of Peers in the reign of James I., 1802, Svo. Cen- sura Literaria. containing Titles, Abstracts, and Opinions of Olh English Books, 1805-09, 10 vols. Svo: a 2d edit. of only 100 copies was pub. in 1815, with a general index, and a chronological arrangement of the titles. Copies of this 2d edit, have become so rare (1854) that a standing and oft-repeated order of the writer's remained for two years in London before it could be supplied. We know of but one other copy in the city of Philadelphia, in the library of Professor C. D. Cleveland, the intelligent author of English Literature, and English Literature of the 19th Century. A reprint in say four royal octavo vols., at about a guinea per volume, we predict would have a good sale. We also venture to suggest the reprinting of The British Bibliographer, and Restituta. Thereby an important bene- fit would bo conferred on the present generation. To these three valuable works Mr. Joseph Haslewood was a large contributor. British Bibliographer, 1810-14, 4 vols. Svo. Restituta: or Titles, Extracts, and Characters of Old Books in English Literature Revived. 1814-16, Svo. A new edit, of Collins's Peerage of England, 1S06-12, 9 vols. Svo. "The sensitive and gifted accuser, with iuexbaustible powers to charm and to instruct, has even stooped to the drudgery of editing a Peerage of nine volumes, in order that a few of its pages might transmit to posterity a re«ord of his wrongs." The Ruminator, a series of Moral, Critical, and Senti- mental Essays, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. The Sylvan Wanderer, 1S13, Svo; 2'd part. 1815. Letters on the Poor Laws, 1813, Svo. Occasional Poems, 1814, Svo. Bertram, a Poem, 1815, Svo. Excerpta Tudoriana, or Extracts from Eliza- bethan Literature, 1814-18, 2 vols. Svo. Reasons, Ac, relative to the Copy Right Act of Queen Anne. 1817. Po- pulation and Riches, 1819. Coningsby, 1819. Ataviae Regia, 1820. 4to. Res Literaria;, 1820-21, 3 vols. Svo. The Hall of Hellingsey, 1S21, 3 vols. Svo. Libcllus Ge- bensis, 1822. Letters from the Continent, 1821, Svo. What aro Riches? 1821. Svo. Polyanthea Librorum Ve- tustiorum, 1S22. Svo. Letters on Lord Byron, 1824, Svo. Gnomica; detached Thoughts, 1824, Svo. Odo, Count of Lingen. a Poem, 1824. Thcatrum Poetarum, 1824, Svo. Cim'elia, &c., 1823. Recollections of Foreign Travel, 1S25, 2 vols. Svo. Stemmata Illustria, 1825, fol. Lex Terrse, 1831, Svo. The Anglo-Genevan Critical Journal for 1S31, 2 vols. Svo. Expositions on the Parliamentary Reform. Bill, 1831, Svo. Lake of Geneva, 1S31, 2 vols. Svo. Ven- dica, 1832, fol. Imaginary Biography, 1834, 3 vols. De- sultoria, 1842, 12mo. The" Anti-Critic, 1822, Svo. A Note on the Suppression of Memoirs announced by the Author in June, 1825. Paris, 1825, 12mo. The Autobiography, Times. Opinions, and Contemporaries of Sir Egerton Brydges, 1834. 2 vols. Svo. Many of these works, and some not named, were pub. abroad, at Geneva, Florence, &c. We do not enumerate all the works printed by Sir Egerton at his private press at the mansion of his son, Lee Priory, near Canterbury. A list will be found in Martin's Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, pp. 379- 404; and see H. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat., 1841. " The number of copies printed there has in no case exceeded one hundred; and I have reason to believe that the complete sets fall short of thirty ."—-St'r Ega-trm Brydges to Dr. T. F. Dibilin. See memoir in Lon. Gent. Mag. Not satisfied with this hydra-headed catalogue of his works, to which others might be added, our pntlific author, who could write 2000 sonnets in one year, edited a number of works, and con- tributed to the Gent. Mag. and other periodicals of the day. Of the merits of his edition of Milton's poetical works, we have a weighty certificate from a learned stu- dent of Milton, the last editor of his poetical works : "We are most deeply indebted to him for his labours of love upon our great Kpio : for no critic, not excepting Addison himself, has had a more just appreciation of the genius of Milton, or has criticised him with truer taste or sounder judgment. . . . This I consider, on tho whole, the best edition of Milton." — CkvdanxTs E7U/lis/i Literature ofl9th Century, Pfdla., 1853. We append extracts from the reviews by the London and Edinburgh Quarterlies of his Autobiography. It will be observed that the difference of opinion is very con- siderable : "Those who like lively and spirited sketches of men and man- ners, diversified with short critical digressions, sometimes wise, always clever, will find a large fund of entertainment in these vo- lumes. AVe have pt-rhaps liestowed more ppace on them than some readers nuiy think they deserved ; but the truth is, that Sir £gex-ton • BRY brydges possesses the temperament of genius in as high perfection as any author of our times." — Lim. QuarUrly Review, li. 3(i3. "The author before us is as intimately persuaded of the reality of his powi-rs, of the solidity of bis reputation, as if the loud huz- zas of the literary world were borne to his retrt-at. The amabilis insania i tht* delusion is too proud, too stroufX for ordinary vauity) cheats, snnthes, Hatters, to the verge of the abyss. All that criti- cism could prove, all that neglect — severest of all critics— could trtich, fall vain and unheeded on the sons of a nature of this mould. Nursed in the tastes and habits of genius, it mistakes the tastes for the cjipacities ; in the habits (making 7iow no mis- tiike) it feels its reward; and if the individual author were the sole concern of the critic, here we might stop at once, leaving him in unlimited possession of a delusion it would be idle and cruel to destroy." — Blin. Review, lix. 439. '• In this singular work [Autobiography] there are lofty concep- tions enough to form a poet, and moral wisdom enough to make a sage. It is a b(X)k that to be estimated must be read with an ho- nest and true heart; much must be fiirgiven. and much over- looked: but after all that is offensive and all that is eccentric is removed from the surface, there will remain a knowledge, a power, a feeling, and a perseverance, that must inspire respect and admi- ration. We hesitate not to ?Ay that in these volumes are some of the most beautiful passages that are to be found in English prose." — Lon. Grnt. M'ig., March. 1S35. Brydone, Patrick, b, about 1743, d. 1S18, a native of Berwickshire. Travels tbrou.^b Sicily and Malta, Lon., 1774, 2 vols. 8vo; dedicated to Mr. Bcckford: trans, into several foreign languages. '-Liveliness of description of scenery and manners, couched in an easy and elegant style, has rendered th^st* volumes extremely p'lpular. notwithstanding they do not display much learning or knowled;;e. and are even sometimes superficial and inaccurate." — — Steve vsox. Mr. Brjdono makes a sad exposure of ignorance in his remarks on the Carronico Recupero: •■ These observations,in the present more advanced state of geo- logv. are scarcely dr'serving of notice." Mr. Brydone pub. some papers in Phil. Trnn.s., 1757, *87. Brydson, Thomas. A Summary A^'iew of Heraldry, Edin., 1785, 8vo. " It is a pleasing circumstance to find elegance and liberal in- formation thus happily connected with a science usually perplexed, as Heraldry is, by technical terms and grotesriue figures. The historian and the poet, nay the lawyer and the politician, will peiTise it with ple-asure." — British Critic. ■• Deserving of being called the Philosophy of Heraldry." — LOWiVDES. *■ An elegant and entertaining work." — Moi'LE. Observations respecting Precedency, Lon., 1R12, 4to. Bryer, James. Inoculation of Cow-Pox, Lon., 1S02, Svo. Probably by James Bryce. Brynier, Thomas Parr. Sermon, Lon.. 1840, Svo. Brymner, Alex. Con. to Med. Comm., 1775. Bryn, M. Lafayette, M.D., of New York. Remi- niscences of History. Daring Deeds of Women. Random Shots. The Repository ofWit and Humour. *' There are hours when men need relaxation from the sterner Labours of life, both bodily and mental. In these seasons, such a volume as the above is a desirable companion, and affords that re- lief which the mind nivds." Bryskett, Lodowick. Discourse of Civill Life, kc, Lon.. 1C06. 4to. •• Spenser, the friend of the author, is introduced as one of the eolloquists in this Discourse, which Malone supposes to have been composed between l.'iSi and 15S9." Mourning Muse of Thestylis. Quoted by Todd in his edit, of Milton. The Mourning Muses of Lod. Bryskett upon the deathe of the moste noble Sir Pliilip Sidney, Knight. Aug. 22, 1587. This poem will be found in Spen- ser's works. '■■ To Bryskett, Spenser addresses the '1?A sonnet in his Amoretti, and to the same literary frit-nd we probably owe much that has di'scended to us of the incomparable Faery Queen." — Ritson's Bihlinrj, Poftica. We extract a portion of the Sonnet to which Ritson refers: "Great wrong I doe. T can it not deny, To th.it most sacred Empresse. my dear dred, Not finishing her Queene of Faery, That mote enlarge her living prayses. dead: But Lodwick, this of grace to me aread ; Do ye not thinck th' accomplishment of it, Sufficient worke for one man's simple head, All were it. as the rest, but rudely writ?" Bryson, James. 13 Sermons, Belf., 1778, Svo. Bryson, T. Lectures on Rom. viii., 1795, 12mo. '■ Spiritual and evangelical." — Bickersteth. Bryton, Anne. Richmond : a Pastoral. Lon. ,1780, 4to. Buc, or Buck, Sir Geori^e, d. 1623, a native of Lincolnshire, is commended by Camden as a person of ex- cellent learning, who had "remarked many things in his histories, and courteously communicated hi.s observations to him," The Third Universitie of England, Lon.. IfilS, fob ; and afterwards appended to Stowe's Chronicles by Howes. This work contains a history of the colleges and schools of London. The Life and Reign of Richard III., Lon., 1646. '47 ; printed in Kennet'.'* Hist, of England. Malone denies this to be our author's, but Ritson insists 13 BUG upon the contrary. The same view is taken of the cha- racter of Richard III. as tliat advocated by Horace Wal- pole in his Historic Doubts. An Eclog treating of Crownes and of Garlands, Lon., 1605, 4to. The Great Plantagenet, Lon., 1635, 4to. "This appears to be a repiiut of the fonner, with very consider- able alterations, by some fellow who assumed his name." — Ritson. Buccleugh, Duke of. Cun. to Edin. Phil. Trans., 1788; a Register of the Weather for 10 years. Buch, C. W. Trans, of K. R. Hagenbach's Compen- dium of the History of Doctrines, 2 vols. Svo; being vols, iii. and vi. of Clarke's Foreign Theol. Library. " Distinguished for its brevity, its clear statements of the lead- ing points, its great candour, its ample references to the body of contemporaneous literature." — Bibliothixa ASacra. Buchan, Alexander Peter, d. 1824. was a son of the author of Domestic Medicine, which work he prepared for its 21st edition ; pub. Lon.. 1813. 8vo. The 29th Amer. edit, was pub. in 1854. He also edited Armstrong on the Diseases of Children, Lon., 1808, Svo, and pub. some ■works un Sea Batliing. the Warm Bath, Ac, 1797-1818. Buchan, Christiana. History of the Christian Church to the l^th Century, Lon., Svo. "The aim of the author h;is been rather to state tacts, than ex- press opinions." Buchan, David Stewart Erskine, Lord Card- ross, and Earl of, 1742-1829, an eccentric nobleman of literary tastes, may perhaps be justly considered the founder of the Society of Antiquaries, Scotland. His lordship contributed to the Trans, of this society, to Grose's Antiquities of Scotland, the Gentleman's Maga- zine, &c. In conjunction with Walter Minto, he pub., Edin., 1787, 4to, An Account of the Life, Writings, and Inventions of Napier of Merehiston. An Essay on the Lives and Writings of Fletcher of Saltoun and the poet Thomson, with some pieces of Thomson never before pub- lished, Lon., 1792, Svo. He instituted an annual comme- moration of Thomson. Other works. Sir Walter Scott seems to have had a singular source of consolation when attending his lordship's funeral; he re- marks : '■ At least I have not the mortification of thinking what a deal of patronage and fuss Lord Buchan ttould bestow on my funeral." This reflection will be better understood by reference to Lockhart's Life of Seott. Buchan, Peter. Account of the Family of Keith, &c., Peterhead, 1820, 12mo. Gleanings of Scotch, Eng- lish, and Irish, scarce old Ballads, Peterhead. 1825, ISnio. '"A curious and valuable collection of songs, containing much information relative to their localities and authors."' — Lowndes. Witchcraft Detected and Prevented, or the School of Black Art newly opened, Peterhead, 1826, ISmo. Scrip- tural anrl Philosophical Arguments ; or Cogent Proofs from reason antl revelation that Brutes have souls, Peter- head, ls24, I2mo. Ancient Ballads and Songs of the Xorth of Scotland. 1828. 2 vols. Svo. Buchan, William, M.D.. 1729-1805, was a native of Ancrum, Scotland. Domestic Medicine, Lon., 1709, Svo. This work was received with such favour that it at- tained its 19th edit. (80,000 copies) in the lifetime of tlie author. The 21st edit, was pub. by A. P. Buchan, M.D., in 1813, Svo, (later edits.,) and the 29th Amer. edit, in 1854. It has been translated into many European lan- guages. The Empress of Russia honoured the author with an autograph letter and a gold medal. Advice to Mothers, Lon., ISOIJ, Svo. Other profess, works. Buchanan, AHan, d. 1749. Sermons on interesting subjects. Edin., 1791. Svo. Buchanan, Andrew. Rural Poetry, 1S17, 12mo. Buchanan, Charles. Sermons, 1710, 12mo. Buchanan, Claudius, D.I)., 1766-1815. a native of Cambuslang, near Glasgow. Scotland, educated at Queen's College, Cambridge, was distinguished for his laljorious eflForts to introduce Christianity into India and other Bri- tish possessions. Eight Sermons. Edin,, 1812, Svo: of these the most celebrated is The Star in the East, of which a 7th edit., with three Jubilee Sermons, was pub. in ISIO. "Interesting sermons: — strongly marked by the various know- ledge, the spirit of fervent yet rational pifty. and of warm yet en- lightened benevolence, which distinguish the writings of Dr. Buchanan." — Lfjn. Chridiun Ohtterver. Ecclesiastical Establishment for British India. Lon., 1805, 4to. Christian Researches in Asia, Lon., 1811, Svo; 5th edit., 1812. " A book that greatly tended to excite the present missionary spirit." — BiCKEKSTETn. Remarks on the Christian Researches, by Major John Scott Warring. Lon., 1812, Svo. An Apology for promot- ing Christianity in India. Lon., 181.^, Svo. Other publi- cations. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Ciau- 273 BUG dius Buchanan, by Dr. Hugh Pearson, Lon., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo ; 5th edit., 1 vol. 12mo, 1846. " i)r. Bufh.anan was an eminent instrument raised up of God and honoured by him, to do much for the Itiniidom of our Lord Jesus Christ in India, and tn pive a great impulse to the mission- ary spirit that had l>een liindled in our own country. The Memoir of his life is full both of valuable information and of profitable Christian tlliuv-dits." — BlCKEItSTETH. Buchanan, David, a Scotchman. Humanse Animse, Paris, ISat), Svo. Histoire de la Conscience, 1638, 12mo, A Short View of the Present Condition of Scotland, Lon., i 1645, 4to. Relation of some main Passages of Things j wherein the Scots are particularly concerned, from the very first Beginning of these unhappy Troubles to this day, Lon.. 1645. 12mo. ^ I Buchanan, David. To this gentleman wo are in- j debted for the article " Aberdeen" in the 7th edit. Encyc. Brit. '■ We looked over the article on Aberdeen, and so correctly and j recently has it been written, that notice is taken of the improve- ments in our harbour, which wei-e begun the other day." — ^6er- deen Juitrnal. Buchanan, Francis, Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, Lon., 1807, 3 vols. 4to. '• Buchanan's Tour in the Mysore contains more valuable matter than almost any other book of Travels. lie was. sent into the countries he surveyed by order of Government, and. of course, en- joyed singular advantages." — Ri-noitariTs communication to the editors oft/ie Mines de t'Oi-itnt. *' Much information, not well arranged or agreeably communi- cated, on the most valuable productions of these districts, on their climate, manufactures, and the manners, religion, &c. of then- in- habitants." — 8TEVE.\SnN. Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul, - fli'ds-ie. ■' It has been reproached to this cultivated scholar that he gives his sentiments with too much libevty. I am surprised that so many critics have concurred in this censure. Is there a quality in an author so honourable, so useful, as that of expressing what he thinks? Is it proper that science and learning should be put in prison, and dishonoured by confinement and fetters? Mise- rable is that nation where literature is under any form but that of a i-epublic," — Dr. Gilbert Stuvrt. "The dialogue of our illustrious countryman Buchanan, De Jure Regni apud Scotus. though occasionally disfigured by the keen and indignant temper of the writer, and by a predilection fpardonable in a scholar warm from the schools of ancient Greece and Home) for forms of policy unsuitable to the circumstances of modern Europe, bears, nevertheless, in its general spirit, a closer resemblance to the political philosophy of the eighteenth century, than any composition which had previously appeared." — Dcgald Stewart: Ist Prelim. I>i.-^s. 1th edit. Enci/c. Brit. His Rerum Scoti Historia has, according to the different politics of critics, elicited both warm commendation and strong censure. Its literary merit is beyond all cavil. We have already given some commendations of this work : we subjoin a few others : " In his old age he applied himself to write the Scots' History, which he renewed with such judgment and eloquence, as no coun- try can show a better." — Archbishop Spotswood. But the archbishop disapproves of many of the his- torian's sentiments, whilst he lauds the author's genius. Dr. Robertson speaks much in the same strain : "If his accuracy and impartiality had been, in any degree, equ.al to the elegance of his taste, and to the purity and vicour of his style, his history might be placed on a level with the most ad- mired compositions of the ancients. But. instead of rejecting the improbable tales of chronicle writers, he was at the utmost pains to adorn them: and hath clothed with all the beauties and graces of fiction, those legends which formerly had only its wildness and extravaeance." — History of ScotJund. "Buchanan is not sufficiently ex.act in his dates, nor does he cite his authorities; in some parts of his history he is rather too fond of the marvellous, and of putting fine speeches into the mouths of his great men. in imitation of the ancient historians, whose defects he has copied as well as their excellencies," — Le Clerc: Bitiliottieque Cboisie. Conrig commends him as a man of exquisite judgment, and Bishop Burnet declares that "His style is so natviral and nervous, and his reflections on things are so solid, that he is justly reckoned the greatest and best of our modern authors," — Hist, of the Hefrrmatioii. "The composition of his history betrays no symptoms of the author's old age and infirmities: his style is not merely distin- guished by its correctness and elegance — it breathes all the fervent animation of youthful genius. The noble ideas which so fre- quentlv rise in his mind, he always expresses in language of cor- respondent dignity. His uari-ative is extremely perspicuous, varie- 275 BUG ^ated, and interesting; it is silil.mi .Id cienf, and never rednndant. His moral and political retlirtioiis .-ire pnifiuml iiiiJ nuislcrly. lie is ready upon all occasions to viiidirato the unalienaMe ri,;:hts of mankind; and he uniformly delivers his sentiments with a noble freedom and energy." — Dr. Irving, in Encyc. Brit.; q.v. When the Latinity of the writers of the English tongue is called in question hy learned foreigners, it is no small satisfaction to be able to direct their attention to the il- lustrious poet of Scotland, of whom Bishop Burnet re- marks that "In the writings of Buchanan there appears, not only all tne beauty and graces of the Latin tongue, hut a vigour of mind, and quickness of thought, far l)evond Itemljo. or the other Itahaiis, who at that time aHected to revive the purity of the Roman style. It was but a feeble imitation of Tully io them. In his immortal poems he shews so well how lie could imitate all the lioman poets in their several ways of writing, that he who compiires them will be often tempted to prefer the copy to the original."— ffis(. o/ the Jiefiirmation. We quote a few lines from an able and eloquent review of . Buchanan's writings, from Blackwood's Magazine, vol. iii. ; we commend the article to the attention of our readers : "Of all the modern poets who have written in Latin, is there one who has stamped upon his versos the impress of genius rioting in its strength— the symbol of uncontrolled might— the full ma- jesty of Ireedom ? If such an one there be, who shall deserve, so well, the name of a Prometheuf^-the rival of creators— the con- queror of bondage? To those who doubt the power of genius to overcome even these difficulties, and achieve even these tri- umphs, we must address onlv one word — Read Rcchan.an.'' We are not a little surpriscil at Mr. Hallam's estimate of the merits of Buchanan. Without denying him great merit, he thinks him much overrated. In thus taking ground against Henry Stephens, Scaliger, Baillet, and " all France, Italy, and (5c"rmany," this eminent scholar displays a, commendiible independence — the correctness of his judg- ment is another question — and he very modestly remarks, " As I have fairly quoted those who do not quite agree with my- self, and by both "number and reputation ought to weigh more with the reader, he has no right to complain that I mislead his taste." — Lit. Hist, of Europe. The distinguished critic considers that" Jonston's Psalms do not fall short of those of Buchanan," and he prefers the poem of the latter on the Sphere to any other of his poetical productions. See Biog. Brit.; Chalmers's Life of Ruddiman; Hume; Robinson and Stu.art's Histories ; Laing'sHist. of Scotland; Mackenzie's Scotch Writers ; Dr. David Irving's Memoirs of Buchanan's Life and Writings. Buchanan, George, M.D.. President Royal Phy- sical Society of Edinburgh. Treatise on the Typhus Fever, Baltimore, 1789, 8vo. Buchanan, George. A Treatise on Road Making, R.iilways, Wheel Carriages, and the Strength of Animals. See a notice of this work in Donnldson's Agricult. Biog. Buchanan, James. Lingua: Britannicse vera Pro- nunciato, 17.57, Svo. Other jihilolog. works, 1757-70, 12mo. Buchanan, James, one of the ministers of the High Church, Edinburgh. Tracts for the Times, Edin.. lSi.3, 12mo. Comfort in Affliction, a Series of Meditations, 1837, Svo. " A most valuable work, which I would affectionately recommend to every Christian mourner."— Rev. IIuoh White: MedHations. "They abound with .all the characteristics of Mr. Buchanan's richly-endowed, highly-cultivated, and thoroughly-matured mind." — Prerbyt. Jfex'ii'w. Improvement of AfHiction, a sequel to the above, Edin., 184S, Svo; "The utmost simplicity, combined with exquisite beauty and elegance of composition, the most natural and obvious, yet full and comprehensive, views of revealed truth, characterize the vo- lume." — Church of Scotlaml Mtirf:iz>i>'\ The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit, Edin., Svo ; 4th ed., 1843. " Over these pages we are persuaded many a reader will linger, as the diversified features of the divine administration are por- trayed, and. closing the volume reluctantly, will wonder what ecstatic interest the personal narrative of redeemed spirits inim- mortality must possess, since their partial recital on eai-th gives rise to such a fountain of feeling." — C^mffrpgatioual Mjgazinf. Buchanan, James. Sketches of the History. Man- ners, and Customs of the Xorth American Indians, lS24,8vo. " The author is absolutely without any qualifications whatever for tin- t.'.sk he has undertaken."- Z/m. Quarterli/ llrrieu: Buchanan, John. Two Assize Sermons, 1793, Svo. Buchanan, John Lanny. Travels in the Western Helnides from 1782 to 17ilO, Lon., 1793. Svo. " A statistical account, containing much interesting information, written expres.sly to point out means of improvement." — Lowspes. A Defence of the Scots Highlanders against Pinkerton, Lon., 1794, Svo. The author opposes Pinkcrton's theory as to the early history of the Scots nation. A General View of the Fisheries of Great Britain, Lon., 1794. Svo. Buchanan, Robert, D.D., of Glasgow. The Ten Years' Conflict, being the History of the Disruption of the Church of Scotland, Edin., 1849, 2 vols. Svo. 270 BUG " For a complete and full study of the Scotttsh Church question, as it has been termed. Ur. liuchanau's elaborate and able work funiiaes ample materials. ... In a literary point of view, the work is one of very hiu'h meiit. ... A work produced at such » time and by one so amply qualitied, cannot tail to go down to future a"es as a full and authentic record of the recent remarkable controve'isv, bearing the stamp of the high moral courage which braved the severest possible test, and the moral veracity in which that test Ibund no flaw."— iVwrt liriti.^h Bex-iew. . , . . ,. " A clear and masterly exposition of the causes which led to the 'Conflict,' and the varied aspects which it exhibited from its com- mencement, in 1833. to its issue in 1.S43."— £ccm<7c(ica! Mag. Buchanan, Robertson, Civil Engineer. Essays on Mill Work, Ac, 1814, 3 vols. Svo.; 2d edit., 1823, Svo. Other profess, works. 1807-16. Buchanan, William, of Auchmar. Essay upon the Family and Surname of Buchanan, Glasg., 1723, 4to ; Edin.," 1775, Svo: the latter contains additional matter. Buchanan, William. Reports of certain remark- able Cases in the Court of Session, and Trials in the High Court of Justiciary, 1813, Svo. Buchanan, William. Memoirs of Painting, Lon., 1824. 2 vols. Svo. A valuable work. Buck, Adam. 100 Engravings from Paintings and Greek Vases, L..n., 1812, Svo. Buck, Charles, 1771-1S15, an exemplary minister, was successively stationed at .Sheerness, Hackney, and London. Anecdotes. Religious, Moral, and Entertaining, Lon., 1799, 12mo; 6th edit, corrected, 1S15, 2 vols. 12mo; vol. 3, ISlfl, Svo ; 10th edit., 1842, 12mo; 1 vol. " The best collection of facts of this nature ever formed in the En"lish language. . . . The work will afford valmable assistance to \he religious teacher in his intercourse with mankind."— Br. E. 'ATheological Dictionary, Lon., 1802, 2 vols. Svo; 1S21, Svo, and since much improved by Kev. Dr. Henderson ; 1847, Svo ; pp. 788. " A very excellent and useful book, the result of much^ lalKlur and investigation, and a remarkabi ' ' ' " ' ^ j c. .cB.i ..,..>.., .. .- .-" - talent for clearness of defini- tion a"nd des'criptVo'n. "Tlie diligence of the author has rendered it very copious; and the soundness of his understanding has made it abundantly instructive. It is in gener.al free from bigotry, and may be used advantageously by Protestants of all descriptions, and iudeed bv all Christians."— Bntis'i fW/fc. " On theological and ecclesiastical subjects the information which it contains is sound and comprehensive."— Dr. E. WiLUiMS. Other works. Buck, Daniel Dana, b. 1814. in New Hampshire, Theological writer. Exposition of the 24th Chap, of Mat- thew, 8vo, 1853. Buck, Sir George. See Bnc. Buck, J. W. Reports of Cases in Bankruptcy from ISlC) to 1820. Lon., 1S21, r. Svo. Buck, or Bucke, James. Theological treatises, Lon., 1639, '60, 4to. .„ ^ ^ ,^ "One of those great and good men whose works wiU ever be held in hiL'h estimation by those who are on their way to Zion with their faces thitherward." Buck, Maximilian. Sermons, 1703, '04, '18, Svo. Buck, Robert. Sermon, Matt. vi. 13, Svo. Buck, Samuel and Nathaniel. Views of Bums of the most noted Castles and Abbeys in England, Lon., 1721, 3 vols. fol. Antiquities, or Venerable Remains of above fiuir hundred Castles, Monasteries, Palaces, Ac, in England and Wales, Lon., 1774, 3 vols. fol. ; first pub. 1727-40 in sets. An original subscription set was sold — Beckf.nd. in 1817— for £53 lis. Bucke, Charles, 17S1-1S47, a native of Worlington, Sufftdk, England. The Beauties, Harmonies, and Sub- limities of Nature, Lon., 4 vols. Svo; new edition, en- larged, 1837, 3 vols. Svo. " One of the most beautiful works I ever read ; it stands at the very head of its class in modern times."— Sir J.*mes Mackiktosii. "'What has been said of Lord Racon may, with great truth, be applied to Mr. Rucke. that 'his feeling for Nature was the main side on which his philosophy ran into poetry, and vented itself in a very graceful, as well as grand, enthusiasm, befitting one of the High-Priests of Wisdom.' "—Lon. Littrarii Chronich. Book of Human Character, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo. "It is no exaggeration to s.ay. that to have read the books re- ferred to, and quoted from, in this olio, must h.ave been the work of a man's life. The very names of the poets, philosophers, and painters, scattered through the volumes, render them precious."— Lon. At>ien(Funi. . „ , ,, .u " Of his style nothing can be said but in praise."— £o?i. Mmithlij Eerifw. The Book of Table Talk, Lon., 2 vols., 12mo. " This entertaininc book is just one to bake up. read a bit of, and lav down, at any idle hour."— ion. Lilrrary Gualte. ""The spiritual attribute ofTabli^talk is to be amusing ; and the volumes before us are rich in that quality." — i"". Atheiifrum. Bnckeriilge, or Buckritlge, John, D.D.. d. 163], educated at. and Fellow of. St. John's College, Oxf., and made President thereof. 1005 ; Canon of Windsor, 1606 ; Bishop of Rochester, 1611 ; translated to Ely, 1626. Ser- BUG BUG mon on Romans xiii. 5, Lon., 1606, 4to. De Potestat« Pupi« in Rebus Temporalibus, &c., Lon,, IfiH, 4to. '•In whicli bouk he hath so shaken the papal monarchy, and its BuptTiuiitv uvtT kings antl princes, tliat nune of tlie learned men ot tiiat party did ever undertake a reply unto it." — Allien. Oxon. Bishop Buc-keriilge printeil some other sermons, 1018, Ac. Buckliam, P. \V. Remarks on the Phytolacca Do- dccandra. or iMustaril-Tree of the Scriptures, Lou., 1S2(, 8vo. '■Mr. Frost's hypothesis is controverted with much learning and ingenuity by the Rev. Mr. Buckhani, who arjiues that the tree iutended is the common mustard-tree, and who has collected numerous p.-tssages from ancient botanical writers, and from mo- dern travellers and botanical authors, in support of his argument.'* — T. H. HoENE. See Sir Thomas Browne's view of this subject in bis Mis- cellanies: Works, edited by Wilkin, pub. by H. fi. Bohn, Lon., 185o, 3 vols. Buckliurst. .*ce Sackville. Buc'kiii^liam, Duke of. See Villiers. Buckingham and Chandos, Duke of. Memoirs of the Court ami Cabinets of (ieorge the Third: from Ori- ginal Family Documents, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. '■A very remarkable and valuable publication. The Duke of Buckingham has himself undertaken the task of Winning a history, from the papers of his grandfather anil great-uncle, the Earl Tem- ple tflrst Marcpiis of Buckingham) and Lord Grcuville, of the days of the second Wni. Pitt. . . . The duke has moulded his material with no ordinary ability and skill." — Lon. Titiuys. "These volumes are a treasure for the politician and a mine of wealth for the historian." — Britannia. Buckingham, James Silk, b. 17S6, at the village of Flushing, near Falmouth, England; died in London, 1855. " He established in London the Oriental Herald, which became the precursor of several similar journals, and the Athenaeum, which is now the leading literary journal among those which are published weekly." He was well known to the world as a lecturer. Member of Parliament, and especially as an enterprising traveller. Travels in Palestine, Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. "This work is both interesting and valuable in more than en ordinary degree. It suggests some importiint correctious of geo- graphical errors, and adds considerably to our knowledge of the less-frequented regions. Mr. Buckingham is a very clever, observ- I ant, and meritorious traveller." — Lftn. E<:l':ctic Review. \ Travels among the Arab Tribes inhabiting the Countries east of Syria and Palestine, itc, 1825, 4to. Travels in Mesopotamia, ic, ls27. 4to; 2d ed.. 2 vols. 8vo. "One of the most valuable contributions that have been made in modern times to a knowledge of the ancient and modern state of Asia." — Lon. Globe. Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, 1829, 4to; 2d { ed., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo. I "This volume may be pronounced more interesting than any of Mr. Buckingham's former Travels, as it chiefly consists of personal narrative." — Lon. Monthly Review. Tour of Belgium, Rhine, .Switzerland, &c., 2 vols. Svo. Tour in France, Piedmont, Lombardy, kc, 2 vols. 8vo. National Evils and Practical Remedies, Svo. Coming Era of Reform, 8vo. Evils of the Present System of Popu- lar Elections, 12mo. Parliamentary Evidence on Drunken- ness, Svo. Sketch of his 'Voyages, Travels, Writings, kc. Svo. America: Historical, Statistic, and Descriptive, — viz.: Northern States, .3 vols. ; Eastern and Western States, 3 vols. ; Southern or Slave States, 2 vols. ; Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the other British Provinces in North America, 1 vol. : together, 9 vols. Svo, Lon. 1841-43. "A very entire and comprehensive view of the United States, diligently collected by a man of great acuteness and observation." — Lon. Literary Gazette. '• Mr. Buckingham goes deliberately through the States, treating of all, historically aud statistically, — of their rise and progress, their manufactures, trade, population, topography, fertility, re- sources, morals, manners, and education. His volumes will be found a storehouse of knowledge." — Lon. Alhenxum. " I am able to bear a witness's testimony to the accuracy of the first three volumes of your work on America, which were my com- panions in my recent travels through that country ; and I found that their truth, research, and general impartiality, independently of higher results, made them most useful and satisCictory guides and text-books. . . . Vou have so fully occupied the whole ground that my abstaining from treading in your footprints cannot fail to be generally acquiesced in." — Lord Morpeth to the Author. Autobiography, 1855, 2 vols. p. Svo. His death occur- ring at this time, the third and fourth volumes, which were ready for the press, were not published. The MS. journals of his various travels occupy 28 folio volumes closely written. Buckingham, Joseph T., b. 1779, at Windham, Connecticut, is extensively known in the United States as a journalist of great experience. From 1802 to '15 he was a publisher in Boston, and from 1805 to '14 issued The Polyanthus, a monthly magazine. Mr. B. has also been connected with The Ordeal, pub. for six months in 1809; The Comet, 1814-15; The New England Galaxy and Masonic Magazine, 1817-28; The Boston Courier, 1824-48 : The New England Magazine, 1832-36. 1. Speci- mens of Newspaper Literature, with Personal Memoirs, Anecdotes, and Reminiscences. Best., 1850, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life, Bost., 1852. 2 vols. lOmo. These works should be in every American library, and in.ay also claim the attention of the Engli-sh collector, as embodying a history of British Colo- nial periodical literature. Buckingham, Thomas, d. 1731, minister at Con- necticut, pub. an Election Sermon, entitled Moses and Aaron, in 1728. Buckland, A. C. Letters on Early Rising. Letters to an Attorney's Clerk; completed by W. H. Buckland, Lon., 1844, 12mo. " Among all the kind advisers who have undertaken to teach the young attorney how to rise, -Mr. Buckland is perhaps the most sensible aud valuable."— ion. Monllily Review. Buckland, Francis T., Assistant-Surgeon 2d Life- Gnards, eldest son of the late Dr. W. Buckland, the geolo- gist, b. 1823, was educated at Oxford. Curiosities of Na- tural History, 1858, 1 vol. fp. Svo, illustrated. Third edi- tion published within six months of its first appearance. Buckland, John. Sermon, Lon., 1S09. 4to. ISiickland, Ralph, b. about 1564, d. 1611. a native of Wot llaptre. Somersetshire, was entered of Magdalene College, O.vford, 1570. became a Roman Catholic, and spent seven years in Douay College, was ordained priest, aud sent as a missionary to EngUand, where he laboured for twenty yeiirs. A Trans, of the Lives of the Saints, from Surius. A Persuasive against Frequenting Protestant Churches, 12mo. Seven Sparks of the Enkindled Flame, 12mo: for an account of Archbishop Usher's sermon on this book, see Athen. Oxon. An Embassage from Heaven, Svo. De Persecutione Vandalica: a trans, from the Latin of 'Victor. Bishop of Biserte or Utica. Buckland, The Very Rev. William, Dean of West- minster, 1784-1856, b. at Axininster, Devon, educated at and Fellow of Corpus Chfisti College. Oxford, was appointed Reader in Mineralogy in 1S13, Reader in Geology, 1816, j Dean of Westminster, 1845. The devotion with which Dr. B. has pursued his favourite subject is well known to the world. VindiciffiGeologica;; or. The Connection of Geology with Religion Explained, pp. 38. Reliquiae Diluviana>; or, Observations on the Organic Remains contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvial Gravel, and on other Geological Phe- 1 nomen.a, attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge. Lon., 1823, 4to. Geology and Mineralogy consulered with Refer- ence to Natural Theology; 2d ed., 1S37, 2 vols. Svo: vol. i.. Geology and Mineralogy; vol. ii., Plates, with explana- tions: Bridgewater Treatise. The £1000 received by the learned and liberal Dr. B. are said to have been expended by him on the plates of this work. Read a review of the I same in the Lon. Quarterly Review, Ivi. 31, where many quotations are given from the volume: " We must here, however unwillingly, bring to a conclusion our quotations from this most instructive and interesting volume, of which every page is pregnant with facta inestimably precious to the natural theologian, — offering, as we unfeignedly do, our sincere acknowledgments to Dr. Buckland for the industry and research he has devoted to the performance of his task, and for the com- manding eloquence with which he has called forth the very stocka and stones that have been buried for countless ages in the deep re- cesses of the earth, to proclaim the universal agency throughout all time of one all-directing, all-pervading Mind, and to swell the chorus in which all creation 'hyums his praise' and bears witness to his unlimited power, wisdom, and benevolence." See also Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii. 692, and, for a notice of Reliquiie Diluvianae, Chris. Month. Spec. vi. 415. Some strictures upon Dr. Bucklnnd's theory of the Caves, pro- posed in the Reliquiae Diluvianse, will be found in the Rev. George Bugg's .Scriptural Theology, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. Svo. See Fairholme's Phvs. Demons., Ac of the M. Deluge, Lon., 183S, Svo. Dr. B. pub. in 1839 The Sentence of Death at the Fall. See Lon. (ient. Mag., .Sept. 1856, 384. Buckle, Henry Thomas. History of Civilization in England, 1857: vol. i., Svo, pp. 860. Censured in Lon. Athen., 1857, S50. Reviewed in North British Review, July, 1858. Vol. ii. pub. 1858 : N. York, 1858. 2 vols. Svo. This work has been unfavourably noticed in several of the British quarterlies, and commended by Lon. Month. Mag., Bost. Christian Examiner, Ac. Buckle, R. Bentley, Archdeacon of Dorset. A Charge to the Clergy in Juue. 1843, Dorches., 1843, Svo. Buckle, William. A Catechism compiled from the Book of Common Prayer, Lon., 1S07, 12mo. Buckler, Benjamin, D.D., 1716-1780, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. He became a Fellow of All Souls' CoUefc, where he proceeded B.D., 1755, D.D.. 1759. He " 277 BUG BUD assisted his (Vie.a Sir Ayim.,u BWUstonc - hi. reseo^d^s ^f ^^'iS ™ 'a^^ll^S StS^mu o^K^r^LllelS respecting the rights of iellowshiij, Ac. m All .Souls Gol- ^'»;j',„.i„j„.,| ,,.„,„, ks.'-BicKEBsTtTH. lege, and drew »p the Stemmiita Cbieheleana, or a (renea- ^ - -- _. - .. , „ „ lo"ical Account of some of the Families derived froil Thomas Chicele, of Higham Ferrars ; forming Supplement, 2 vols. 4to in 1. Oxford, 17()i-75. plete Vindication of the Mallard of All Souls Lon., 1750, Svo. For an account of this amusing Tersy, see Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and Nichols with the A Corn- College, contro- l's Lit. Anec- dotes. A Reply to Dr. Huddcsford's Ohs., Oxf., 1756, ito. Sermtuis, 170'.). BiicUler,Edivard. Queries on the Oiith, Lon., ICiii. fol. Buckler, E. II. Views of SoulhwoU Church, Lon., lid. Buckler, Jolui Chessell. Views of the Cathedral Churches of England and Wales, Lon., 1H22, r. 4to. Obs. on the Original Architecture of St. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford, Ac., Lon., 182.'!, Svo. '• A tract containing much information on early architecture. — Buckler, Thomas II., M.D. Etiology, Pathology, and Treatment of Fibro-Bronchitis and Rheumatic Pneu- monia. Phila., 1853, Svo. Buckley, Francis. Trial of Col. Andrews, Lon., Buckley, J. W. Sermons, Brighton it Lon., 18-13-50. Buckley, Saml. Letters to Dr. Mead concerning a new edit, of Thuanus's Historv, Lon., 1728, Svo. Thuani llist..rinrum, Ac. per Sam. Buckley, Lon., 1733, 7 vols. Buckley, Theodore William Alois, 1825-1856; educated at O.\lord, where he was greatly distinguished for hi.s learning; Ijccame one of the chaplains of Christ Church, O.xford, and subsequently removed to London, where he edited for the booksellers a number of the Greek and Latin classics, ic, (some of which he also translated into English,) and several English works. He also contri- buted largelv to periodicals. See Lou. (Jeut. Mag., March, 1856, 314-316. , „ t.t at Buckman, James, in conjunction with C. N. JNew- marsh, Esci., has favoured the puldio with illustrations of the Remains of Roman Art in Cirencester, the site of Ancient Corinium, Svo and 4to. See Lon. Archseol. Jour. Buckrainster, Joseph, d. 1792, aged 72, a minister of Rutland, Massachusetts, pub. severaldiscourses, 1759, &c. Buckminster, Joseph, 1751-1812, son of the pre- ceding, a minister of Portsmouth, Mass., pub. some occa- sionarserms.. 1787-1811. See Lee, Mus. Eliza B.. No. 4. Buckminster, Joseph Stevens, son of the pre- ceding, 1784-1812, a native of Portsmouth, New Hamp- Bhiro, displayed uncommon literary abilities at a very early age. He entered Harvard College in 1797, took B.A. ISflO, and was appointed minister of the Brattle Street Unitarian Society in Boston, 1805. His ill health obliged him to travel in Europe in 1806-07. In ISll he was appointed First Prof, of Biblical Criticism at Cambridge, but died before he had entered upon his duties. As a preacher aud accomplished scholar, Mr. Buckminster attained, although so young in years, great reputation. In 1808 he superintended an Amer. ed. of Griesbach's Greek Testament, and contem- plated further labours in the same field. His Serms. were pub. in 1S14, (Lon., 1827,) and a second vol. in 1829. His works, with ]NIeinoir, were pub. in Lomhui, 2 vols. p. Svo. Buckminster, Thomas. Right Christian Calendar, Lon.. 1570, Svo. New Aliuananke, Lon., 15S3, Svo. Bueknall, Thomas. The Orchardist, Lon., 1797, Svo. Buckner, John, Bishop of Chichester. Sermons, 1798, l.SOII. '02, '12. A Charge, 1797. Buckridge, Thomas, Rector of Merrow, Surrey, Six Sermons, Lon., 1767, 8vo. ^ ,»„, r, Buckridys. Letter on Conformity, Lon., 1704, loi. Buckworth, J., Vicar of Dcwsbury, Yorkshire. Twenty Discourses on Doctrinal, Experimental, aud Prac- tical Religion, Leeds, 1812, 12mo. Budd, Edward. Political tracts, 1809, 10. Budd, George, M.D., Prof, of Medicine m Kings CoUce, Lon. Treatise on Diseases of the Liver, Lon., Svo ; 2d ed?, 1852. 2 Amer. edits. Lectures on the Organic Dis- eases and Functional Disorders of the Stomach, Lon., Svo. "We cannot too strongly recommend the diligent study of this volume. The work cannot fail to rank the name of its antiior amoii" the most enliKhtencd pathologists and soundest practi- tiont-rs of the Aa.y."—iItdlc'i-Chini.rciical Review. Budd, Henry, Rector of 'VVhite-Roothing. The^Con- demncd Cell, 1813. Considering the Poor, 1813. Silent Preacher, 12mo. Baptismal Education, 2 vols. 12mo. Infant Baptism the Means of National Reformation, 1827, '39. '41, 12mo. „ „ ^„ , , •, " Invaluable as are the incidental topics in Mr. Budd a book, it is too discursive exactly to answer that which seems desu'aWe,— a 278 Budd. R. H. The Foot ,d' the Hor.se. 1816, Svo. Budd, Thomas Allibone, an eminent lawyer of Philadelphia, has pub. several addresses, Ac, and is the author of the Life of John Dickinson, in the National Portrait-tJallery of Distinguished Americans. Buddon. John, 1566-1620, entered Merton College, Oxl..r.l. l.'iS2. was made Doctor in Civil Law, 1002, Prin- cipal of New Inn, 1009, and shortly alter King's Professor of Civil Law, and Principal of Broadgate's Hall. Life of William of Waynflete, founder ? Richard. Passage of the Hurricane, &c., Lon., 17:;ii. Sv". Bmlworth, Joseph. Poems, Ac, 1794, '95, 'O.', Svn. Biulworth, Will. Sermons, Lon., 1732, '45, '46, 8vo. Buell, Samuel, D.D., a native of Connecticut. Ser- mons, &('., 17fil-S7. Buerdsell, .lames. Discourses A Es.says, 1700, 12mo. Biilfa, John, M.D. The Army Medical Eo.ard, 1808. Travels through the Empire of Morocco, Lon., ISIO, Svo. Bugs^, Francis, a member of the *' Society called Quakers," changed his views, and wrote a number of treatises against his old principles. We notice a few : New Rome arraigned, and out of her own mouth con- demned; or a Discovery of the Errors of the Foxonian Quakers, Lon., 1694, 4to. Quakerism Withering, and Christianity Reviving, 1694, 4to. Qn.akcrs set in their True Light, 1696, 4to. Tracts against the Qu.akers, 1697, Svo. The Picture of Quakerism, Lon., 1697, 12mo. The Pilgrim's Progress from Quakerism to Christianity, Lon., 1693, 4to. Nine other treatises agtiinst tlie Quakers, 1699- 1717. Bugg, George. Tract on Regeneration, Lon., 1816, 12mo. .Scriptural Cieology, Lon., 1827, Svo. We have noticed this work under BucKLANn. AVm., D.I>. See Fair- holme's Phys. Demons, of the M. Deluge. Lon.,lS38, Svo. Buggs,"SamueI. Sermons, Lon., 1622, 4to. Buist, George, D.D., d. 1808, aged 6S, a native of Scotland, pub. an Abridgment of Hume, 1792; aversion of the Psalms, 1796; Sermon, 1805; Sermons, 1809, 2 ols. Svo ; and contributed some articles to the Brit. Encyc. Buist, Robert, h. 1805 in Scotland. Settled in U. S. 1828. Agricultur.al and horticultural writer. Amer. Flower Garden Directory, Phila., 1851. 12ino. Rose Mann.al, 1847, 12mo. Family Kitchen Gardener, 1851, 12mo. Cound in salutary admonitions with regard to our reli- gious and moral conduct: are written with a true spirit of piety, in a clear and anim.ated style, without any alfectation or enthu- siasm." — Lon. Critical Befii'U'. (Economy of the Gospel, 1764, 4to. Discourses on the Parables and Miracles of Christ, 1770-71, 4 vols. Svo. " The author writes as becomes an ingenious and sensible man, and in an agreeable, instructive, and practical manner." — Lon. JU'mllittj linncw. Catechetical Exercises, 1774, 12mo. Other theological works. Bulkley, John. Sermon, 1697, 4to. Bulkley, John, d. 1731, first minister of Colchester, Connecticut, was a grandson of Rev. Peter Bulkley (v. pual.) An Election Sermon, 1713. An Inquiry into the right of the Aboriginal Natives to the lands of America, 1724, (reprinted in Mass. Hist. Coll.) A Tract on Infant Bajitism, 1729. Bulkley, Peter, 158.3-1659, first minister of Concord, Mass.achusetts, a native of Wooilhill, Bedfordshire, was educated at, and became Fellow of, St. John's College, Cambridge. Being silenced by Archbishop Laud, he came to New England in 1635, aud was one of the first settlers of Concord, Mass.achusetts. The Gospel Covenant Opened, Lon., 1616, 4to. Some specimens of Mr. Eulkley's Latin poetry will be found in Dr. Mather's History of New Eng- land. Bulkley, Sir Richard. Horticultural contributions to Phil. Trans., 1693. Bull. Farewell Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to. i Bull, Uigby. Sermons, 1695, 1706, 4to. Bull, George, D.D., 1634-1710, a native of Wells, Somersetshire, entered Exeter College, Cxford, 1648 ; be- came minister of St. George's near Bristol; Rector of Snddington-St.-Mary's, 1658 ; Vicar of Suddington-St.- Pcter's.' 1662; Prebendary of Gloucester, 1678; Bishop of St. David's, 1705. Bishop Bull, for profound learning, knowledge of Christian antiquity, and eminent piety, was one of the most distinguished ornaments of the Church of England. Harmonia Apostoliea ; seu Binae Disserta- tiimes, quarum in priore Doctrina D. Jacobi de justifica- tione ex operibus explanitur et defenditur, in posteriore consensus D. Pauli cum Jacobo liquido demonstratur, Ac., Lon., 1670, fob; reprinted, Basil, 1740, Svo; a trans, hy Thomas Wilkinson, 1801, Svo; and the Harmonia was pub. in Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf, 1842, Svo. This Latin Dissertation was written eight or nine years before its publication. The author laboured to show '• That good works, which proceed from laith. and are conjoined with faith, are a necessary condition required from us by GoA, to the end tliat by the new and evangelical covenant, obtained by and sealed in the Blnod of Christ, the Mediator of it, we ni.ay be justified according to his free and unmerited grace." Bishop Bull endeavoured to exhibit this doctrine so ns to "absolutely exclude .all pretensions to merit on the part of man," but his statements were unsatisfactory to many, and were opposed liy Dr. Morley, Bishop of Winchester, Dr. Barlow, Charles Gatakcr, Joseph Truman, Dr. Tully, John Tombes, Lewis Du Moulin, and M. De Marets. The author, n. .thing daunted by such a host of adversaries, pub. his Examen Censura; in 1675, in reply to Mr. Gata- kcr, and his Apologia pro H.armonia, in response to Dr. Tully ; repub. in Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf , 1843, Svo. The reader will find an account of the controversy in Nel- son's Life of Bull. Dofcnsio Fidei Nicensn ex Scriptus, qua; extant Catho- lieorum Doctorum, qui intra prima Ecclesiffi Christianse Sa>cula flornerunt, Oxon.. 1685. 4to : a new trans, pub. in Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf, 1851-52, 2 vols. Svo. This , work, also in Latin, increased the fame of the author both -sra BUL at homo and abroad, whilst it, of course, provoked great opposition from the Socinians. See Nelson's Life of Bull. '■ Bull's Defensio is recommciHlcd bv the einulirinn exactness and conciseness with which it i^i written, .uul liy tli^ neatness aini elegance of its style. It is, i)ei-li,i|n the L.-st nuik »Li. h .-i person who seeks to obtain a clear and comprehensive knowledge of the K. tath.jhc Creed, can peruse." — C'uarles Butler. •'The doctrinal parts of the Christian religion are summarily comprehended in the Creeds which our Church has adopted into Its service. You need (after I'earson) have no better help than Bishop Bull's L.atin works in defence of the Nicene Faith."— Ma. Prebendary Kivovvleb. '• After Dr. Cudworth came Dr. Bull, author of the Defence of the Nicene I'aith, a book th.it has rendered the writer of it very famous, not in England only or chiefly, but beyond the water, 'lis composed in a style most truly Latin, with much vivacity of expression, with great vigour and s*btilty of thought: in short, 'tis worthy of the noble argument of which he treats. This au- thor, having studied the Fathers with an application, diligence, and observation almost peculiar to him, perceived that the schools have departed from that notion of the Trinity believed and pro- fessed by some of the princijtal Fathers." — Tlip 'Umiaruin author f>f Tilt Judgment nf a disinleirsted llrson, dx., Lon.. IBOli, 4(o. The following testimony from the celehrated Bossuet deserves to be quoted. In his answer to M. Jurieu, he re- marks that, if the learned treatises of Father Tlionnassin and the preface of Father Pctau are neglected by the op- ponent of the eternal generation of the Son, — then "I send him to Bull, that learned English Protestant, in the treatise where he hath so well defended the Fathers who lived bt^ fore the Council of Nice. You mu'^t either renounce the Faith of the Holy Trinity, which God forbid, or presuppose with me thxit this author hath reason." "We give some other quotations : *' The best books against the .\rians. besides Bishop Pearson on the Creed, are Bishop Bull's works." — Dr. Wotton. Bishop Hor.sley commends the accuracy of Dr. Bull's citations from the Fathers of the first three centuries, "confirming the Church of England Faith, and refuting the Unitarian." '■ On the subject of a sinner's justification before God. the views of this distinguished prelate were very incorrect, and have done immense harm ; but as an advocate of the Catholic doctrine of the Trinity, declared in the Nicene Creed, he h.as few ei|u.'ils. He w-as a man of immense learning, the whole of which he hns biniirbt to bear on this important subject. His Life, by holint NeKnii. Esq., is one of the finest pieces of theological biography in the English language." — Dr. E. Williams. In both of the above opinions Mr. Bickerstcth concurs. Judiciam Eeclesise Catholica; trium priorura Seculorum de necessitate credcndi quod Domiuns noster Jesus Chris- tus sit verus Deus, assertum contra M. Simmieum Episco- pium aliosque, 1G94. In English, with Life, bv Rev. T. Rankin, York, 1825. Svo. This work f which is a defence of the Anathema, as the former was of tlie Faith, declared by the First Council nf Nice) was sent by Mr. Nelson to the famous Bishop of Meaux, Bossuet, whose commeudation of the preceding w.irk we have already cited. This cele- brated prelate transmitted ^ " Not only his humble thanks, but the unfeigned congratula- tions also of the whole -lergy of France, then assembled at St. Germain's, for the great scr \ i.e b.- h id done to the Catholic Church in so well defending her determination concerning the necessity of believing the Divinity of the .Son of God." But the Roman Catholic prelate could not but express his surprise th.at " So great a man. so weighty and solid an author, conld continue a moment without acknowledging the Church." He begged to have this question resolved, and Dr. Bull, nothing backward in defending the apostolicity of the Churcli of England, drew up a treatise upon the suliject, which did not reach Mr. Nelson's hands until just as ho received news of Bossuet's death. The treatise was, how- ever, published, Lon., 1705-07. Svo, under the title of The Corruptions of the Church of Rome, in relation to Eccle- siastical Government, the Rule of Faith, and Form of Di- vine Worship : in answer to the Bishop of Moan.t's Queries. In 170.'! Dr. John Ernest Grahe superintended an edi- tion of his Latin works, (the author's .age .and infirmities disabling him from the effort.) pub. in 1 vol. folio. Ro- bert Nelson, .author of The Fasts and Festiv.als of the Church of England, a former pupil of Bp. Bull, pub. in 1713, 4 vols. Svo, Seven Sermons and other Di.scourses, with an account of his Life ; new edit., Oxf., 1S16, 3 vols. 18mo; again, O.vf., ISiO, Svo. " This Bishop's sermons are compositions of the highest order; — learned, f ircible, and perspicuous, they always excite attention and reward it; they teach us that the practice of Christian duties can only be founded on the feithful acknowledgment of Chris- tian doctrine." A Companion for the Candidates of Holy Orders, or the Great Importance and Principal Duties of the Priestly Office, 1714, 12mo. Recommended by Bishop Burgess to candidates for Holy Orders. It is reprinted in the Cler- gyman's Instructor. 'Vindication of the Church of Enir- 9_^l ° BUL land, 1719, Svo. 'Works concerning the Trinity, 1730, 2 vols. Svo. Apology for the Harmony. Primitive Apos- tolical Tradition, Ac., against Daniel Zwicker, a Pnissian. Two sermons concerning the State of the Scml on its im- mediate separation from the Body, 3cc., with a jireface by Leonard Chappelow, B.D., 1764, Svo. The Rev. Edward Burton pub. a revised edition of the Bishop's works, 7 vols, in S, Svo, Clarendon Press, Oxf., 1827; again in 1816; in which will be found the Life of Nelson, with additions by Mr. Burton. " His works are esteemed by the learned as one of the main p.l- lars of orthodoxy." — Bishop Watso.v. Perhaps wo cannot better conclude our notice of this celebrated divine than by a commendation which may be useful as a hint in some quarters. Dr. Lupton gives the following character of Bishop Bull's sermons : " He abhorred affectation of wit. trains of fulsome metaphors, and nice words wrought up into tuneful, pointed sentences, with- out any meaning at the bottom of them. He looked upon sermons consisting of these ingredients— which should be our aversion, and not our aim— as empty, and frothy, and trilling; as inconsist- ent vyith the dignity of serious and sacred subjects, and as an in- dication of a weak judgment." — Leflgr to Rotiert KeUrn in Biog. Brit. Bull, G. S. Appeal on behalf of the Factory Chil- dren. Bradf , 1832, 12mo. Sermon to Coal Miners, Bradf., 1S31, Svo. Bull, Henry. Christian Prayers and Holy Medita- tions as well for Private as Puhlick Exercises ; collected by H. Bull, Svo, 1506; reprinted for The Parker Society. Camb., 1842, sm. Svo. Bull, Henry, Extracts from Sermons, Saffron Wal- den, 1S40. 12mo. Bull, J. Theolog. and other works, 1S05, '13, '14, Svo. Bull, John, b. about 1563, d. about 1622, an eminent musician, and professor in that art in Gresham College, was a native of Somersetshire. The Oration of Maister John Bull, Oct. 6th, 1597, in the new-erected Colledge of Sir Thomas Gresham. Knt. Bull's compositions were pub. in sundry collections of music. See Burney's Music, iii. 166-14; Ward's Gresham Professors; Athen. Oxon.; and The H:irmonicon. Bull, Joseph. The Unity of God, 1809, Svo. Bull, Michael. Love of Country, Sermon, 1715, Svo. Bull, Nicholas. Sermons. 1805, '20, Svo. Bull, Kohert. Sermons, 1714, '15, '23, Svo. Bull, Itoger. Under this name was pub. Grobianus, or the Ccnnplcat Booby, an Ironiciil Poem, translated from the Original Latin of F. Dedckiiidus. by R. B., 1739, Svo. "A very singular and humorous work, written to inculcate good m.anners. which probably presented to Swift the idea of his Direc- tions to Servants." Bull, Thomas, M.D. Hints to Mothers for the Ma- nagement of their Health, Lon., Svo ; 7th cd., 1851. '■ There is no mother that will not be heartily thankful that this book ever fell iuto her hands, and no husband who should not present it to his wife. We cannot urge its value too strongly on all whom it concerns." — Lm. Eclectic Jievieic. " We recommend it to our readers ; and they will confer a bene- fit on their new-married patients by recommending it to them " Brit, and For. Med. Jferiew. The Maternal Management of Children, in Health and Disease, Svo; 3d ed., 1S48. "These little manuals will prove useful exactly in proportion to the extent of their circulation. The best thanks of the profes- sion, as well as of all intelligent mothers, are due to Dr. Bull for these excellent little works.'" — Lon. Medical Gazeiii. Bull, W. and J. P. Church at Newport, ISll. Bullar, Henry, of Lincoln's Inn, and Joseph Bul- lar, M.D. A Winter in the Azores, and a Summer at the Baths of the Furnas in St. Michael's. Lon., 1841, 2 vols. Svo. "If amusement is desirable which slmli excite the mind with- out le;iving a sensation of unprofitableness behind it, we scarc(.|v know how it could be presented in a more agree.il?le form than these lively volumes, which, for this pui-pose, we cordially recom- mend." — l/m. Cliiirchmun's Mtmthly Jfevieui. " Of all the Tours and Tr.avels we have ever read, we are disposed to think it the most agreeable and origin.al." — L'in. Krainiver. Bullar, John. 1S07. Svo. Bullar, John. Lay Lectures on Chri.stinn Faith and Practice, South., 1844, '46. Questions on the Holy Scrip- tures, new ed., 1846. ISmo. " The author has evidently taken gre.at pains to render his work complete and servicealile.'' — Lon. Eclectic lieviciu. Other works. Bullard. ism of Drills. BnllartI, Henry A., .and J. Curry. New Digest of the Statute Laws of the State of Louisiana, from the change of Government to the year 1841, inclusive, vol. i. Svo, New Orleans. 1842. Bullein, William. See Bulleyn. Tour round Southampton, South., Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698; on the Magnet- BUL BITL Bulletin George, an assistant librarian of the British Museum. Catalogue of the Library of the British and Foreign Bible Society, Lon., 1857, 8vo. "An accurate and well-compiled catalogue. The anthor, Mr. BullPD. has brought all his own Bibliogniphical ItnowltMlge, as one of the Hbrarians of the British Museum, to bear upon his work. The Bible Society's library consists of nhout five thousand Volumes, priuted and manuscript, of which by far the greater part are presents. In cataloguing the Scriptures, the plan adnpted in thr Uritish Museum hag been followed ; and copious cross-references have bei'ii given from the names of all editors, translators, anno- tators, &c. upon tlie Bible to the particular edition in which their labours appear. These cross-references, &c. greatly enhance the value of tliis catalogue." — T. H. IIorne, D,D., in a Utter to the author of this Duiionary, Aug. 31, 1S58. BuUeu, 11. St. John. 1. Grammar. 2. Geography^ 17117. 'ii',L Buller, Rt. Hon. Charles, b. ISOfi, at Calcutta, d. in Luiidou, 1818. Responsible Government for Co- lonics, 12nio: originally pub. in Colonial Gaz. Contrib. freiiuuutly to Morning Chronicle, Globe, Edinburgh Re- view, and Westminster Record. Buller, Sir Francis, 1745-1800, a Judge of the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas, was a grand- son of Allen, Earl Bathurst. Ho was distinguished for profound knowledge of the Law. An Introduction to the Law relative to Trials at Nisi Prius, with copious Annota- tions, 7th edit., Lon.. 1817, r. 8vo; former edits., 1767, '72. '75, '80, '90, '93 ; pub. in New York, with Notes of American Cases, 1806. The germ of this work was written, it is sup- p{)sed, by Mr. Bathurst, afterwards Lord Apsley, and was entitled Institutes of the Law relative to Nisi Prius, 17611, 8\'o. Sir Francis Buller enlarged the work, and pub. it as above. •' Notwithstanding its defects, from the judicial station of the learned author whose name it bears, it has been re'jarded as a work of considerable authority. Its place has been supplied In- later works, but it is still useful because it contains snnie author- ities not elsewhere to be met with." — Marviti's Legal Bibl. ISuUcr, W. Chronological, Biographical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Exercises for Young Ladies. BuUey, Frederick, President of St. Mary Magd. College, Oxford. A Tabular View of the Variations in the Communion and Baptismal Offices of the Church of Eng- land from 15-19 to 1662 ; to which are added those in the Scotch Praver-Book of 1637 ; with au Appendix illustra- tive of the Variations, Oxf, 1812. 8vo. Bullcyn, or BuUein, William, b. about 1500, in the Isle of Ely, d. 1576, a learned physician and botanist, was educated at Cambridge and Oxford. The Government of Health, Lon., 155S, '59, 8vo. A very popular work in its day. Regimen against the Pleurisie, 1562, 16mo. Bul- warke of Defoee againste all sikness, sornes, and wonndcs, that dooe daily assaulte mankinde, &q., 1562, '72, fol. A Dialogue, bothe pleasaunte and pietifull ; wherein is shewed a goodlie Regimento against the Fever of Pestilence, with a Consnlation and Comfort against Death, 1564, '69,73, '78, 8vo. Several small profess, treatises are also ascribed to our author. BiiUinstbroke, Edward, and Jonah Bilcher, An Aln-idgt. of the Statutes of Ireland, ^c, Duld., 1754, 2 vols. 4to ; continued by Francis Vesey. Duty and Au- thority of the Justices of Peace and Parish Officers for Ireland. Dubl., 1766, 4to. " A useful work in its day, and framed very much upon the mo- del f'T the celebrated work of his brother civilian, Burn, in Eng- land " — Pi'[f. (n Sm!/the''s Justice. Other legal treatises. BuUins^ham, John. Trans, of Job. Vena?ns's Ora- tion in defence i>f the Sacrament of the AuUaire, 1554, 8vo. Bullions, Peter, b. 1791 at Perthshire, Seotlnnd, Prof. tJreck an'l Latin in the Albany Academy. Principles of Latin Grammar. Latin Reader. Caesar's Commenta- ries. Cicero's Orations. Sallust. Greek Lessons for Be- ginners. Principles of Greek Grammar. Greek Reader. Latin Exercises. Lessons in English Grammar and Com- position. Principles of English Grammar. Progressive Exercises in Analysis and Parsing. Introduction to Ana- lytical Grammar. New, or Analytical and Practical Eng- lish Grnmmar. Bullivant, Benjamin. Observations on Natural History, m.i'lf in New England; Phil. Trans., 1698. Bullivant, Oaniel, Surgeon. Case of Violent Spasms ■wbich succeeded the Amputation of an Arm, «fec. Bullman. See Biti-man. Bullocar. Sec BtiLLOKAn. BuUock, Henry, FcUcjw of Queen's College, Cam- bridge, 1507; I). D., 1520; Vice-Chancellor, 1524. '25. He Was a correspondent of Erasmus, (who calls him Bovillns.) and so "ripe a scholar" that Cardinal Wolsey, whose chap- Iain he was, selected him as a fit antagonist for Luther. In 1513, in conjunction with Wnlden, he read a mathemati- cal lecture, and had a salary from the University for it. Ho was one of the twelve preachers sent out by the Uni- versity in 1515. Tanner fixes the date of his death in 1526, but Dodd says that he was living in 1530. 1. De Captivitato Baltylonica contra Lutherum. 2. Epistolae et Orationes. 3. De Serpentibus siticulosis : trans, from the Greek of Lucian, Camb., 1521, 4to. 4, Gratis tniani Andiie- piscopo Eboracensi, Camb., 1521, 4to. See his ^ration in favour of Wolsey in Fiddes's Life of the Cardinal. Bullock, II. A. History of the Isle of Man, lSl6.Svo. Bullock, J. Lloyd, Editor of Fresenius and Will's New Method of Alkalimetry, Lon., 1S43, 12mo. '■This little work will prove of the hij^hest importance to calico printers, bleuchers. dyers, mauufacturers of soap, paper, and prus- siate of potash ; also to chemists, aud to dealers in alkalies, acids, ic. To Mr. B. we arc also indebted {in addition to this Lect. on Pharmacy, 1844,) for an edition of Fresenius's Elemen- tary Instruction in Chemical Analysis, as practised in the Laboratory of Giessen. Qualitative, 8vo. Quantitative, Svo. '■ I can contidently recommend this work, from my own personal experience. t"a!I wliii;uf disirous nf obtaining instruction in ana- lysis, for its simpliiity :tnd usrfulnrss. and the fecility with which it may be cuuiprehendLd."— Bauon Iaeuig. Bullock, Jeflrey. One Blow more against Anti- Christ iMinisters, the downfall of whose Ministry hastens, Lon., I 67'^, 4to. Bullock, R, Geography Epitomized, 1810, 4to. Bullock, Richard. Sermons, Lon., 1754, 'S9, 4to. Bullock, Thomas, Sermons. Lon.. 1723-28. Bullock, William. Virginia impartially E.xamined, and ielt to Public View, Lon., lfU9. 4to. Dedicated to the Earl nf Arundell and to Lord Baltimore. Bullock,\Villiam. An Earthquake. Phil. Trans.,1755. Bullock, William. A short and easy Method of preserving Subjects of Natural History, ISIS. Bullokar, John. Eng. Exposition of Hard "Words, 101 n, sv<.. Bullokar, William. B(tok at large for the amend- ment of Orthographia for English speech, Lon., 1580, 4to. Mr. Bullokar believed that his proposed reform would not only improve his own tongue, but also effect "an entrance into the secretes of other languages." This production Lowndes ascribes to John Bullokar, but Watt attributes it to William; and we judge the latter to be correct, as the author promises a " Grammar to be im- printed hereafter ;" aud Bullokar's Bref Grammar for Eng- lish, pub. six years afterwards, (1580, lOmo.) is ascribed by both Lowndes and Watt to William Bullokar. yEiiop's Fables in Tru (Jrthutrraphy, with Grammar Notz, 1585, Svo. Bulman, E, lutroduc. to Hebrew. 1795, Svo. Bulmau, John. Sermons, 1SU3, "05, 4to. Bulmar, Capt. John. Arts and Mysteries for a Sol- dier. Manner, .t--.. :iiid other works, 1641, *43, '49, fob Bulmer, Agnes. Messiah's Kingdom ; a Poem, Lon., p. Svo. Scri[)ture Histories, 3 vols. ISmo. Select Letters, with Notes by Btiiiting, 12mo. Mem. by Anne E,. CoUinsoa. Bulmer, Beter. Sermons, 1803, "05, Svo. Bulwtrode, Edward, 158S-1659, a native of Buck- inghamshire, was entered of St. John's C'dlege, Oxford, in 1603, whence he removed to the Inner Temple. He was a favourite of Cromwell's, and in 1649 made one of the Jus- tices of North Wales. A Golden Chain, or Miscellany of divers Sentences of the Sacred vSeriptnres, &c., Lon., 1657, Svo. Reports in King's Bench, in the Reigns of Kings James I. and Charles I., in 3 parts ; 2d edit., corrected, Ac, Lon., 1GS8, fol. ; 1st edit., 1657, '58, '59, fol. There is an irregularity in the paging of both editions, but they are perfect. Bulstrode took his reports in French, and trans, them into English. He is said to have adopted the excel- lent method of Plowdeu. They were pub. by his son. Ouly a portion of his MS. was pub. : " The fittest and choicest cases out of these reports which I have with no small care, labour, and pains collected to;;ether." " I have perused divers cases in these reports, aud I think they are fit to be pul)lished.'"— Matthew Hale. Bulstrode, Sir Richard, eldest son of the above, is said to have died at the advanced age of 101 years. Let- ters to the Earl of Arlington, Lon., 1712, Svo. Essays on Manners and Morals. 17i5, Svo. Memoirs. &c. relative to Charles I. and Charles II., 1721. Svo. 185 Elegies and Epigrams on religious subjects, compo.sed at the age of eighty. " A man of talents and considerable learning, and in his political course able and consistent.'' Bulstrode, Whitelocke, d. 1724, aged 74, Protho- notary of the Mar^^hal's Court, son of the preceding. An Essay on Transmigration, Lon., 1692, Svo; in Latin, by 281 BUL Oswald Dyke, 1726, 8vo. Essays Eeplcsiastieal niitl Civil, 1706, Svo. Letters between him ami Dr. Wooil, 1717. 8vo. Compendium of the Crown Laws, 1723, Svo. Three Charges to Grand and other Juries, 171S, Svo. Bultecl, or Bulteal, Johu. Translations of Amo- rous Oruntus; aComedy, Lon., 1665, 4to. Courtof Rotne, 1668, Svo. Psalms and Songs, 1674, Svo. Abridged Chro- nology of France, 16S3. fol. Biilwer, Sir Edward liytton. See Lytto.v. BulwcT, Lady. See Lady Lytton. Biilwer, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Lytton Earle, G.C.B., M.l'., Privy CounoiUor. Diplomatist, and Author, b. 1804, is an elder brother of Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer Lyt- ton. Sir Henry has filled several highly responsible diplo- matic positions, with great credit to himself and honour to his counti-y. An an author, also, he has gained consider- able reput.ition. An Autumn in Greece, 1824, p. Svo. France, Social, Literary, and Political, 2 vols. p. Svo. The Monarchy of the Middle Classes, 2 vols. p. Svo. 1834-36. Sir Henry wrote a Life of Lord Byron, prefixed to a Paris edition of his lordship's works. ^ Bulwer, Johu, an author of the 17th century, wrote several books on Dactylology, Dress, &c. Chirologia, or the Natural Language of the Hand ; as also Chironomia, or the Art of Manual Ehetorick, Lon., 1644, Svo. Philo- cophics, 164S, Svo. Pathomyotomia, 1649, Svo. Anthro- po-metamorphosis, Man-transformed ; or the Changeling, shewing the various ways how divers People alter the Natural Shape of some part of their Bodies. Lon., 1653, 4to. Of this curious and extravagant work an aceountwiU be found in Oldys's Brit. Librarian, 367-72, and in the Lon. Retrospective Review, N. S., ii. 205-17. It appears that the author wrote several other works which he did not see fit to publish. " From Bulwer's extravajjance some illustration is thrown upon one portion of the history of human knonk-dse. Ik- lived in an age of great Icainin.- and nl Hill,; jud-'in.iit ; at a time when there wlis a voracious appi-lit.- f"r iiilOiin.ilii'ii.aiid when fact .and fiction were indisiTiinioali-lv cmi,..! anil d.-vnurTd by all who sought for the repulalioii of l.virnin:;.' — inn. li'flrosp. Ji'tivVi". Bumi)fiold,W. R. Tropical Dysentery,Lon.,lSlS,8vo. Bumstead, Josiah F., b. 1797 at Boston. Popular Series of Readers. Bunbury. The Church Catechism, Lon.. 1727, 12mo. Bunbury, C. J. F. A Residence at the Cape of Good Hojici with Notes on the Natural History and Native Trilics, Lon., 1S4S, Svo. " The statesman who may be called upon to discuss or decide upon the public- alTairs of the Cape, the emigrant who may contemiilate removioL' his tares thither, the curious inquirer who would know the rights of what has given rise to so much controyersy, will find Mr. Hunbuiy an intclU^^ent and candid fruide." — Lnv. Examiner. Bunbury, Henry. Academy for Grown Horsemen, Ac, by Geoffrey Gambado. Esq.. Riding Master: with 17 engravings of equestrian performances, 17S7, '01, fol. A humorous work which still attracts attention. Bunbury, Sir Henry. Narratives of the W.ars with France, 17',iy-lSlll, Lon., Svo. Edited ."^ir Thomas Han- mer's Life and Correspondence, Lon.. 1S3S, Svo. In this valuable work will be found letters from Burke. Prior, Goldsmith, Pope, Garrick, Dr. Young, Lord Nelson, Craldjc, &c. "There is indeed much curious literary and political m.atter in these pa-ri'S." — Lim. Likraiii Ga-eUe. Bunbury, Miss. A Visit to My Birth Place. Thoughts in Suffering. Fear Not. " Christians, while here, are much exposed to. and frequently assailed by. formidable spiritual foes, and are apt to give place to doubts and fear,s. This little volume is prepared to inspire them with confidence, and to dissipate their fears, and is well adapted to answer the end designed." — New Meihod. Comit'dion Mug. Bunbury, Miss Selina. Coombe Abbey; a Tale, 1843. Svo. Evelyn; a Novel, 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo. Even- ings in the Pyrenees, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo. Rides in the Pyrenees, 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo. Star of the Court; or the Maid of Honour and Queen of England, Anne Boleyn, 1845, p. Svo. " To point a moral against female ambition, vanity, and light- ness. The commentary is elegant, and the remarks are just." — Lon. Sprrtatnr. " A more appropriate present could not he chosen."^B?oc7.iuoo(;'s Ladi/'s M'lq. '• This is a charming little volume, containing all the fascination of a Komance, with the sober lessons of History."— a«>; Asseinldee. Life in Sweden, with Excursions in Norway and Den- mark, Lon., 2 vols. •■ Two deliL'htful. well-informed volumes, by a lady of much acuteness, lively imagination, and shrewd observance. The work can be safely recommended to the reader aa the freshest, and most certainly the truthfuUest, publication upon the North that has of late years been given to the world." — Lon. Observer. Russia after tho War, 1S57, 2 vols. p. Svo. Other works. 282 BUN ' Bnnbury, William. Reports of Cases in the Ex- ' chequer, Ironi thf Beginning of the Reign of Geo. I. to 14 Geo. II., pub. from his own MSS. ; by G. Wilson, Lon., 1755, fol.; 2d edit., Dubl., 1793, Svo. ■■ Mr. Bunbury never meant that these cases should have been published."— LoKii Mansfield. But the editor was Mr. B.'s son-in-law ; and it is to ba presumed that he was correctly informed upon the subject. Bunee, John. St. Chrysostom Of the Priesthood; in 6 books : trans, from the Greek, 1759, p. Svo. Buncle, John. See Amory, Thomas. Buncombe, Samuel. Sermon, 1767, Svo. Bundy, John. The Roman History from the French of Catron and Riiuillc, Lon., 1728, 6 vols. fol. Bnndy, Richard, D.D., d. about 1739, Prebendary of Westminster. A|qiaratus Bildicus, or an Introduction to the Holy Scriptures, from the French of Pcre Lamy, Lon., 1723. 4to. Commended by Bishops Watson and Marsh. The English trans, contains some additional matter, principally taken from Lamy's Do Tabernaculo Fccderis. Sermons, 1740, 2 vols. Svo. Sixteen Sermons, 1750, Svo. ^ . ,, " Easiness of stvle and clearness of method characterize the sermons of this author; he was a pleasing and instructive preacher." — Darling'^ Ci/c. Bihl. Bunn, Alfred. Poems. 1816, Svo. The Stage, both before and behind the Curtain, from " Observations taken on the Spot," Lon., 1S40, 3 vols. c. Svo. '■I'uU of curious and interesting details respecting modem actors and the present state of tlie drama." Old England and New England, 2 vols. p. Svo. Bunney, or Bunny, Edmund, 1540-1617, educated at Oxford, became proliationer Fellow of Magdalen Col- lege, and was appointed Chaplain to Archbishop Grindall. The whole Summe of Christi.an Religion. Lon., 1676, Svo. Abridgt. of Calvin's Institutions, 1580, Svo. Certain Prayers, &c., for the 17th Novemlier, 1586, 4to. '■ This work, as I take it. gave birth to the Accession foi-m." — He wrote some controversial pamphlets against Parsons the Jesuit, and pub. some other theolog. treatises. Bunney, or Bunny, Edward. Treatise on Pacifi- cation. Lon., 1591. Bunney, or Bunny, Francis, L543-1617, brother of Edmund, was chosen perpetual Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1562; Archdeacon of Northumberland, 1573.° He wrote four Tracts against Poi)ery, 1505, 1607. ASurvey of the Pope's Supremacy, 1595, 4to. Exposition of Romans iii. 28, 1616, 4to. Guide to Godliness, 1617, Svo. He left a Commentary on Joel, in MS. *• This person was very zealous in the way he professed, was a great admirer of Jo. Calvin, a constant preacher, charitable, and a stiff enemy to Popeiy." — Aihat. Oxrm. Bunninsr, Charles. Peace in our Power. 1798, Svo. Bunow, Rev. E. J. Elements of Conchology, 1815. Bunting, Edward. A General Collection of the Ancient Music of Ireland, consisting of upwards of 165 Airs, Lon., 1840. 4to. The importance of this work to a proper understanding of ancient Irish musical science, need not be enlarged upon. Bunting, Henry. Itinerarinm totius Sacraj Scrip- tura;; or the Travels of the Holy Patriarchs, Prophets, Judges, Kings, our Saviour Christ, and his Apostles, Ac, Lon.. 1629. 4to. There have been several foreign editions of this work. Chronologia Servestoe, 1590. Itinerarinm et Chronicon totius S. Scripturie, Magdeb., 1598. fob Di- visio et Distriliutio Terra; Canaan, Ac, Magdeb., 1597. Chronologia Catholica. Magdeb., 1606, fob; trans, into German, Magdeb., 1008. fol. ^ Bunting, Jabez, D.D., 1778-1858. the "Hercules of moilorn Methodism," was a native of Manchester, Eng- land. A Great Work Described and Recommended ; in a Sermon, 1805, Svo. Justification by Faith; a Sermon, 1812, Svo; 7th edit, Lon., 1847, Svo. Memorials of the late Rev. Richard Watson, including a Funeral Sermon on John viii. 51, Lou., 1833, Svo. Bnnworth. Richard. Med. Works. Ac, 1666, 62. Bunyan. llunii>hrcy. Epithalamium on a recent Marriage, IS] 2. Bnnyan, John, 1628-1688, is one of the most remark- able instances of tho acquisition of great fame where no- thing was designed but the simple discharge of duty. He was the son of a tinker residing at Elstow in Bedfordshire: '■ Foi- my descent then, it was, as is well known by many, of a low and incnn^idci-able generation, my father's house being of that rank thai is meaoesi and most despised of all the families of the \and:'~Aut"hJnfjn'phij. By his father's care, who taught him his own trade, ho was'placed at school, where he obtained the first rudiments of an English education : BUN « ThouKh to my shame. I confess, I did soon lose that I had learned. »nen almost utterly, and that long before the Lord did work bis [;raci()us work of conversion upon my soul." His youth gave little promise of the exemplary piety for which he was afterwards noted. Some of his modern biographers have taken strange liberties with the facts of the case, by seeking to represent his character at thia period as much better than it really was. If we can be- lieve his own words, he led a very dissolute life, and seems anxious to acknowledge his transgresi^ions, that he might magnify tlje mercy which snatched him from the "hnrri- ble pit and the miry clay." Such instances of " Grace Abounding" are of great value, and should teach ns never to du.«p:iir of. nor cease to labour for, the reformation and conversion uf the most vicious. He tells us, with his own simple pathos, the manner in which his conscience re- ceived an impression which led to the happiest results for his future character: "As I was standing at a neighbour's shop-window, and there cursiui^ and swearing after my wonted manner, there sat within the woman of the house, who heard me: and though she was a very loose and ungodly wretch, yet protested that 1 swore and cursed at that most fearful ratj?, that she was made to tremble to bear me. ... At this reproof, I was silenced, and put to secret shame, and that, too, as I thou;.;ht, before the God of Ueaven; wheref-^re. while I stood there. hangini:i down my head. I wished that I mi^'ht be a little child again, that my father might learn me to speak without this wicked way of swearing." What an encouragement is this to reprove profanity, and, indeed, to proffer good advice even to those who seem the most unlikely to be edified! "Blessed are they that sow beside all waters." " Thou kuowest not which shiiU prosper, this or that." At the early age of nineteen, he married a wife "whose father and mother were counted godly." This connex- ion was of great advantage to him: his immor;il habits were laid aside, and he was so much pleased with this improvement, that he tells us, "I thought no man in England could please God better than I." He was fa- voured with more correct views both of his own depra- vity, and of the justifying grace which is in Ciirist Jesus; and in the year 1053 he was considered qualified for ad- mission into a Baptist congregation at Bedford. Two years later, on the death of the pastor, he was urged to preach to tlic congregation, at least fur a season. He was eagerly heard both in Bedford and in the adjoining parts of the country. After preaching for some five years, Juttice Wingate, who declared he would break the neck of such meetings, issued an indictment against him, which ran in these words : "John Bunyan bath devilishly and perniciously abstained from coming to church to hear divine service, and is a common upholder of several unlawful meetings and conventicles, to the disturbance and distraction of the good subjects of this kingdom; contrary to the laws of our sovereign lord and king."' He was cast into Bedford jail, where were about sixty Dissenters, and " Here with only two books,— the Bible and Fox's Book of Mar- tyrs,— he employed his time fcr twelve years and a half, in preach- ing to, and pinying with, his fellow- prisoners, in writing si^veral of his works, and in making tagged laces for the support of him- self and family." — Da. Baklow. Bishop Lincoln — to his praise, be it recorded — procured his enlargement in 1672. He visited his religious brethren in various parts of England, exhorting them to good works and holiness of life; by these visitations, he acquired the name of Bishop Bunyan. When James II. issued his proclamation for liberty of conscience to Dissenters, Bunyan built a meeting-house at Bedford. He annually visited his Baptist brethren in London, where such was his popu- larity that the meeting-house was too strait for his hearers. During one of these journeys, he was overtaken by a violent storm of rain, from which he contracted a cold, which ended fatally, at his lodgings in Snow-hill, August 31st, 16SS. Bunyan wrote many works ; it is said as many as he was years of age, (fiO,) l)ut is chiefly known by that wonderful production, " Pilgrim's Progress," the fruit of his imprison- ment, and, we had almost said, valuable enough to recon- cile us to the wickedness of that persecuting spirit that thus unwittingly educed good from evil. But, no ; we abhor the crime, while we rejoice that it was overruled to such happy results. In accordance with what we esteem one of the most valuable features of our work, we shall pro- ceed to give the opinions of various eminent authorities upon the merits of the best-known uninspired allegory which has been composed by the wit of man. " It is not known." sitys I)r. ^iouthey, (who has written the life of Bunyan.t "in what year 'The I'ilgdm's Progress' was first published: no copy of the first editi'in having as yet been dis- covered. The second is in the British Museum: it is with addi- tions, and its date is 167S. But as the work is known to have BUN been written during Bunyan's imprisonment, which terminated in 1672. it was probably published before his release, or, at latest, immediately after it." It had reached the tenth edition in 16S5 ! Bunyan, in the preface to the second part, published in 1684, com- plains that " Some have of late, to counterfeit My Pilgrim, to their own my title set: " " Yea. others, half my name and title too. Have stitched to their books, to make them do." If not very poetical, this is sufBciently significant* The third part, denied to be Bunyan's, appeared in lOOS- It has been suggested that the hint of the Pilgrim's Pro- gress was taken from an allegory written by the Rev. Richard Bernard, — The Isle of Man ; or Legal Proceed- ings in Manshire against Sin, Lon., 1627 : this work seems to have been as popular as Bunyan's, having also reached the tenth edition in eight years,- — It)u5. Bunyan's Pil- grim has been translated into almost every modern Euro- pean tongue, and is perhaps the most popular religious work ever written. " If this work is not a ' well of English undefiled,' it is a clear stream of current English, the vernacular speech of his age ; some- times, indeed, in its rusticity and coarseness, but always in its plainness and its strength. To this natural style. Bunyan is in some degree beholden for his general popularity; his language is everywhere level to the most ignorant reader, and to the meanest capacity : there is a homely reality about it ; a nursery tale is not more intelligil'le in its manner of uarration to a child. Another cause of liis pnpnlaiity is. that he taxes the imagination as little as the understanding. The vividness of his own imagination is such, that be saw the things of which he was writing as distinctly with his mind's eye as if they were indeed passing befnr.' liini in a dream. And the reader, perhaps, sees them more sati^l■;^(■torily to himself bt-i-aus.- the outline only of the picture is preseiittd to him. and tbi- aiitbrr having made no attempt to fill up the details, everv readi-r supple -^ theni according to the measure and scope of his own intellectual and imaginative powers."" — Sovthey. Mr. Ivimey, another biographer of Bunyan's, thus speaks of the basis of this allegory : "The plan of this work is admirable, being drawn from the cir- cumstances of his own life, as a stranger and pilgrim, who had left, the 'City of Destruction' upon a journey towards the ' Celestial Country.' The diflBculties he met with in his determination to serve .Tesus Clnist, suggested the many circumstances of danger through which this pilgrim passed. The versatile conduct of .some professors of religion, suggested the different iharacters which Chiistian met with in his way : these, most probably, were persons whom he well knew, and who, jjerhaps, woxild be individually read at the time." Bunyan seems to have been sorely perplexed by the conflicting advice of his friends as to the expediency or otherwise of printing his " little book :" " .'^ome sjiid. John, print it; others said. Not so; Some said it might do good, others said, No." Thus difierently advi.«ed, '■ Now was I in a stniit. and did not see M hiih was the best thing to be done by me." He decided, as authors generally do in such cases: " At last I thought, since you are thus divided, I print it will; and so tlie case decided." "Ingenious dreamer! in whose well-told tale Sweet fiction and sweet truth alike prevail; ■\Vhose humorous vein, strong sense, and simple style, May teach the gayest, make the gravest smile; ^ Uitty, and well eionployed. and. like thy Lord, Speaking in parables his slighted word ;— 1 name thee not. lest so despised a name Should move a sneer at thy deserved liune." — Cowper. It is a curious fact that Bunyan's prison companion, Fox's Book of Martyrs, (his only book save the Bilde.) was sold in 17S0 to Mr. Wantncr of the Priories; it was inherited by his daughter, Mrs. Parnoll of Botolph Lane; and afterwards purchased by subscription for the Bedford- shire General Library. It is enriched with the poor pri- soner's annotations, in rhyme, one of which we quote; it is a comment upon the account of Gardiner's death: "The blood, the blood that he did shed Is falling on his one [own] head; And dreadful it is for to see The beginers of his misere." Bunyan had a talent for repartee. A Qunker visited him in Bedford jail, and declared that by the order of the Lord he had sought for him in half the prisons of England. '■ If the Lord had sent you.'' replied the prisoner, " you need not have taken so much trouble to find me out: for the Lord knows that I have been a prisoner in Bedford jail for the last twelve years." Mr. Granger remarks, " Bunyan. whn has been mentioned among the least and lowest of our writers, and even ridiculed as a driveller by those who had never read him. deserves a much higher rank than is commonly imagined. His Pilgrim's Progress gives us a clear and distinct idea of Calvinistic divinity. In the first part, the allegory is ad- mii-ably carried on. and the characters justly drawn, and uniformly supported. The author's original and pontic genius shines through the coarseness and vulgarity of his language, and intimates that if he had been a master of numbers, he might have composed a 283 BUN poem worthy of Spenser himself. As this opinion may be deemed paradoxi.-al. I shall venture to name two persons of eminence ot th.- siiUK' sentiments; one, the late Mr. Merrick of Iteading; the other, Dr. Koberts, now Fellow of Eton College." " Mr. Merrick has been heard to say, in conversation, that his in- Tention was like that of Uomer."' Lord Karnes makes a remark of a similar character; he describes the Pilgrim's Progress as *' Comprised in a style enlivened, like that of Homer, by aproper mixture uf thf' dnimatiL- and narrative, and upon that a'ccount it has been translatnl into most EuropeJtn languages." Dean Swjlt derlared, that '' He had been better entertained, and more informed, by a chapter in the Pi]f,nim"s Progress, than by a long discourse upon the will and intellect, and simple or complex ideas." Dr. Radcliffe terms this alle;,njrj a " phoenix in a cage." " Honest John Bunyan is the lirst nian I know of. who has min- gled narrative and dialogue together; a mode of writing very en- gaging to the reader, who, in the most interesting passages, finds himself admitted, as it were, into the company, and present at the conversation.'' — Dr. Frvnkun. '• Bunyan's Pilgrim was a Christian, but Patrick's only a Pedlar." When Charles II. expressed his surprise to Dr. Owen tiiat a man of his learning could " sit and hear an illite- rate tinker prate," the doctor answered : " May it please your majesty, cnuld I possess that tinker's abi- lities for preaching, I would most gladly relinquish all my learn- ing." Mr. Condor, in his biographical sketch of our author, has vin(li«.'ated him from some erroneous representations which he considers Dr. Southey to have made in his Life of Bunyan. In the good tinker's own day, " erroneous representations" of him were not unknown, for we find an account of a work with this most ungracious title — Dirt wiped out, or a manifest Discovery of the gross Ignorance. Erroneousness, and most unchristian and wicked spirit of one John Bunyan. Lay preacher in Bedford, (fee, Lon., 1672, by . But we forbear to give the author's name. Those who desire to have a faithful account of the strug- gles and trials of Bunyan, should read his Grace Abound- ing to the Chief of Sinners ; nor should The Holy War made by King Shaddai upon Diabolus. &q.. be ncgief^ted. Of the Pilgrim's Progress Mr. Joseph Ivimey wrote a con- tinuation, of which Lowndes thus speaks: "The allegory is in many places singularly well sust.ained, and the performance is in every way creditable to the talents and in- formation of the writer." " Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and The Holy War are inimitable specimens of genius and humour in the serviie nf expIrs. Collects, Epistles, and Gospels Ex- plained, Lon., 12mo. Florence Sackville ; or, Self-De- pendence, 1S51, 3 vols. p. Svo. Other works. "Mrs. Burbury possesses a clear appreciation of humour and pathos, a tirm hand in noting down the boundary lines and salient filatures of character, and a constancy to the Ifading plan and pur- pose of her story. The story of poor Milly — the pathos of which is feai-ful — would alone justify us in plafing Mrs. Burbury high amoni; modern novelists." — Lon. AOu-TKrum. Burbury, John* History of Christianna Alessandra, Lon., 1I>5S, 12mo. Relation of a Journey of Lord Henry Howard (afterwards Duke of Norfolk) "from London to Vienna, and thenee to Constantinople, Lon., 1671, 12mo. Burch, Thomas. The Free Grace of God Displayed in the Salvation of Men; two Essays, 175f), Svo. •■ At thL' requfst of the worthy Author of the following Essays, I have perused tlitin; and oliS(.'rve nothing in Iheni Imt whatis agree- ahte to the sacred Scriptures, to the form of sound Woids, to the analo;ry of Faith, and the doctrine of the IJospel." — Dr. (Jill. Burchall, James. Con. to Med. Obs. &, Inq., iii. 106. Burchell, Joseph. Digest of the Laws in the King's Bench and Common Pleas from 1756 to 1794, inclusive, Lon.. 1796. Svo. Other legal works, Ac, 1801, '02. '08. Burchell, William J- Travels in the Interior of Southern Alricii, Lon., 1822-24, 2 vols. 4to. '■The enteiprising and successfiU exertions of Burchell have taught us that there are scarcely any assignable limits to human courage and enthusiasm. . . . These travels were undertaken with the intention of exploring the unknown countrii'S lying between tlio Cape of Good Hope and the I'ortULruisc Srttl.-m.-nts on thf Western Coast, by a circuitous track intu the lut-iior Kegions. The author, after penetrating into the h<_-art of the Continent to the depth of nt-arly t-li-veii hundred miles, to a country never be- fore described, met with obstacles which it was found impossible to surmount, and which (impelled him to alter the original plan of his route. . . . His researches have embraced that variety of subjects which a journey over ground never before trodden by European foot, and through the strange and unknown regions of Africa, might be expectt-d to alTord." — Dihdui's Lib. Onnpmion. Burches, George. The Doctrine of Original Sin Maintained on Ps. li. 5, Lon., 1655, Svo. Burchett, Josiah, Secretary of the Admiralty. Me- moirs of Transactions at Sea, during the War witli France, 1688-97, Lon., 170;i, Svo; 1720, fol. This elicited Col. Luke Lilliugton's Reflections on Mr. Barchell's Memoirs, Ac.. Lon., 1704, Svo. Mr. B. responded in a Justification of his Naval Memoirs, in answer to Col. L.'s Reflections, 1704, Svo. Complete History of the most remarkable Transactions at Sea, from the earliest accounts of Time, to the conclusion of the last war with France, Lon., 1720, fol. '■The great progenitor of all those ponderous tomes of verbosity, fallacy, and blunders, which for a century have been palmed upon the publii! as 'standard authorities' in naval history and naval biojraphy." For an account of this work — " the first British author- ity which sought to achieve the bold and perilous nnder- tuking of chronicling occurrences afloat from the earliest accounts of time" — see The Naval Sketch Book. Burchett, M. The Ark; a Poem, in imitation of Du Bartas, Lon., 1714, 4to. Burchyer, Henry. Authenticity of the word Ster- lin;;oruin ur Stcrlin^j;. See Hearne's Collections, ii. 321, 1771. Bnrckhardt, John Ludwig, 1784—1817, a native of Lausanne, Switzerland, arrived in London, July, 1806, with a letter from the celebrated Blumenbaeh to Sir Joseph Banks. In May, 1808, he was engaged by the African Association to make an attempt to penetrate into the in- terior of Africa from the North. He sailed from Ports- mouth in March, 1809. and was engaged until the time of his death in making arrangements for prosecuting the ob- ject of his mission. He encountered great hardships, and BUR at last, like Belzoni, fell a victim to dysentery, Oct. 15, 1817, when making preparations to commence his long- delayed journey to Fezzan, to explore the source of the Niger. His Journal and Memoranda, whieh he had par tially prepared for publication, fortunately were preserved, and transmitted to the African Association, and were pub. in the following order: 1. Travels in Nubia, and in the Interior of North-Eastern Africa, performed in 1813; Lon., 1819, 4to. 2. Travels in Syria and the Holy Land, 1822, 4to. 3. Travels in Arabia, 1829, 4to. 4. Notes oa the Bedouins and Wahabys, 1830, 4to. "Whether we consider its views of Arab manners, customs, in stitutions, and other particulars, or its exhibition of the reniaik- alile Mohammedan sectaries, the Wahabys, from their earliest ap- pearance as reformers, to almost the present time, we find aljun- dance of matter to gralify curiosity, and ent*Ttain and inform the reader. It is the best account of the Arab tribes we have ever seen." — Lrm. Lit. G'.'Z. '■It throws new light on a race, which has long stood single among the nations, retaining from age to age a character in which lofty virtues and odious vices are strangfly combined. . . . Burck- hardt has done much towards elucidating the manners of the Arabians, and communicating an idea of the real condition of that extraordinary people. . . . This work has thrown new light on the subject of Bedouin love, courtship, and marriage." — Edin. He.v. 5. Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians il- lustrated from their Proverbial Sayings current at Cairo, 1830, 4to. He bequeathed his collection of Oriental MSS. to the University of Cambridge. Burckhardt combined some of the most essential qualifi- cations for the life which he adopted. Had be lived a few years longer — he was cut ofl" at the early age of 33 — we should have possessed invaluable contributions to the stock of knowledije of a deeply-interesting character. Burd, Bichard, D.D. Sermons, 1GS4, 1704, 4to. Burd, William, Surgeon. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1797. Burdc, Andrew. See Botide. Burden, or Burdin, J., M.D. A Course of Medical Studies; trans, from the French, Lon., 1803, 3 vols. Svo. Burden, W. Poetry for Children; selected, 1805. Burder, George, 1752-1832, b. in London, minister of the Indepcn-lcnt Chapel, Fetter Lane, London. B^uu- yan's Pilgrim's Progress; anew edit., with Notes, 1786, 12mo. Evangelical Truth Defended, 1788, Svo. The Welsh Indians. 1797, Svo. Bunyan's Holy War ; a new edit., with Notes, 1803. Svo. Supplement to Watts'a Psalms and Hymns, which passed through probably forty edition;?. Mr. B. pub. several other works, the best-known of which is the Collection of Village Sermons, 1799-1812, 6 vols. Svo. and several editions since; in 1833 they were pub. in 8 vols, in 4; 1 vol. 12mo, 1838; do., 1840; do., ed. by J. Cobbin, 1852, 12mo. "*■ Burder's Village Sermons are highly and deservedly popular, and very useful." — Lowndes; Bickeestfith. Burder, Henry Forster. Funeral Sermon, 1811, Svo. Discourses on the Divine Attributes, 1822, Svo. '' Its attractive composition, the clearness of its statements, and the decided character of its evangelical instructions, render it a valuable and sure guide in the earliest stages of religious inquiry." — fymgregational Mng. Lectures on the Pleasures of Religion, 1823, Svo. "We do not recollect any work that we could more confidently put into the hands of intelligent and ingenuous youth than this interesting statement of the pleasures of a religious life."— /iw/. Lectures on the Essentials of Religion, 1825, Svo. *' We are decidedly of opinion that this volume, compared with all the other productions of the author, is the chef-d'ceuvre, in point of thought and illustration." — Ibid. Four Lectures on the Law of the Sabbath, 1831. Svo. "Dr. Burder's Lectures present with great perspicuity and con- ciseness the outlines of the argument, in a form adapted for popu- lar circulation." — Lowndes. Psalms and Hymns, Lon., 1820, 12mo: of these, 313 are from Dr. Watts. The Eclectic Review considers it thu best of all the selections from Watts. Notes on the Pro- phecies of the Apocalypse, 1849, p. Svo. *' For the majority of readers Dr. Burder has gone far enough into his theme. ... To devotional readers the treatise will be very acceptable." — Bi-it. Quartfrh/ Rfviav. Mental Discipline: Hints on the Cultivation of Intel- lectual and Moral Habits. Addressed particularly to Stu- dents in Theology, and Young Preachers. 5th edit., to which is appended an address on Pulpit Eloquence, by the Rev. Justin Edwards, Lon., 1846. fp. Svo. " As a well-arranged and clearly-expressed exposition of the author's readings and reflections on mental and moral discipline, it will richly repay the attentive perusal of the important clasBea for whom it is especially prepared." — Lon. Biblical Review. Serms. preached at St. Thomas's Square Chapel, Hack- ney, 1854, Svo. Burder, John. Elementary Discourses, Stroudw., 1819, 12mo. Lectures on Religion. Holdsw., 1S26, Svo. "A work of great utility." — Q/ngrtg. Mag. BUR A Memoir of Thomas Harrison Burder, M.D., 1844, 12mo. "Mr. I!ui-dei- has executed his task— bv no m.-ans an easy one- ^ with prud.'nce and Rood taste."— CArfadan Eiammer Burder, Samuel, late of Clare Hall, Cambridge, and Leoturcr of Christ Church, Newgate street, and ,St. Leo- nard's, Foster Lane, London. The Moral Law, Lon., 1795, 12mo. Christian Directory, 1800, ]2mo. Owen's Display of Arminianism: a new edit., revised and corrected. Oriental Customs ; or an Illustration of the Sacred Scrip- tures, Ac, Lon., 1802-07, 2 vols. Svo ; several edits. ; 1839, 8vo ; much improved since first pub. " A useful abiidsment of Harmer's Observation.?, with many yalualile additions from recent voy.i=;ers and travellers, arranired in the order of the Boolcs, Chapters, and Verses of the Bible."— T 11. IIORNE. ^ Trans, into German (with corrections and additions, since incorporated in Burder's work) by RosenmiiUer, Lcip.s., 1819, 4 vols. Svo. " Mr. Burder's work has not only been composed with consider- able labour, but this labour will be productive of much utility The arran^'emL■nt of the nliservalions acordin;; to the order of Scripture will reiid.T tlip work an .u-.-.-iit^ilile book of reference to Divines and liilili.al S> b.,l;,rs.'— A,.,,. M.iiilhbi Beriew. " It leaves out mu.b that IS valnal.le in Harmcr."—0rm«'sa'6;. B. Oriental Literature applied to the Illustration of the Sacred Scriptures, 1822, 2 vols. Svo. " Had Mr. Burder been a profound Oriental scholar, this mi^ht have been made a very interestin',' book. . . . But mere compila- tions of this nature, however faithfully executed, cannot deeply int<>iest the Bibli.'al scholar. The real and most formidable difli- culties of Scriptural expression and allusion are never met by them. — Orme. Oriental Customs, Lon., 1831, sm. Svo, 4th edit, Lon., 1847, fp. Svo. This volume contains a selection from the more popular articles contained in the two preceding worlis, with additions from recent publications. Memoirs of eminently pious British Women; new edit,, 1815, 3 vols. Svo ; and 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. The Scripture Expositor, 1809, 2 vols. 4to. This work .also illustrates Scripture by the assistance of Eastern Customs. Of the value of such illustrations there can be no question. '"I'he manners of the Kast, amidst all the changes of Rovern- ment and religion, are still the same: they are livin- impi-essions from an original mould: and at every step some ol,i..it srane idiom, some dress, or some custom of common life, r.MiiiTid^ the traveller of ancient times, and confirms, above all. the hi uilv the accuracy, :ind the prop.iety of the lan-na-e and the history of the Jiltde. — Moriers &C'md J»urney tlm>u/jh B'l-sia. Burder, William. Eeli-ious Ceremonies and Cus- toms, Lon., 1841, Svo. Formed on the basis of Picart's Wink, and contains much instructive matter. Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1724, 4to. Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1760, 4to. Pil-^rim's Progress Versified. 1S04. ° Burdett, Charles, b. 1815 in the city of New York Emma: or the Lost Found. Adopted Cliild. Trials , and Triumphs. Never too late. Cb.ances and Changes ' Ma non Desmond. The (Jambler, Ac. Editor of° Barring- ton's Physical Geography. Contrib. to many periodicals. Burdett, Sir Francis, M.P. for Westmin. Speeches 1802, -0 I, -09. '12. A.ldresses to C.mstituents. 1810. Burdett, Mrs. Waltt-r Hamilton, Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo. Burdiu. See Buhiien. Burdon, Miss. 1. All Classes, Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo 2. Forrester's Daughter, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Friends of Fon- tainebleau, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. Lost Evidence. 3 vols. p. Svo 5. The Pope and the Actor, 3 vols. p. Svo. 6. Seymour of Sudley, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. Thirst for Gold, 3 vol's, p. Svo. 8. Ward of the Crown, 3 vols. p. Svo. Burdon, William. Pocket Farrier, 1730, '45, Svo T,!''!,n"!, '"''""• 'r'"'^" ^"^'■''^ '" "1" Bishop of Llandafl, 1 , 9o, Svo. ( )n the Pursuits of Literature, 1799- 1800, 8vo. Politics, Morality, and Literature, ISOO, Svo. Materials for Thinking, 180.1-1 0, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit., 1814, 2 vols. Svo. Advice, 1803. Other literary and noli- Ileal works. * Burwood, .Tane. Faith and Patience, Lon., 1693 Burdy, Samuel. Life of Phili,, Skelton, 1792, Svo History of Ireland from the earliest ages to the Union, 181/, Svo. ' Bureau, James. Medical Essays. Lon 1777 '89 '9'' Burl'ord, .John, of King's College, Cambrid-e ' In- stitutionem Met.aphysicarum, lib. ii., Lon., 1654 Svo In stitutiones Metapliysicm, Ox{., 1675, 12mo. Institutiones Logical, Camli., inso, Svo. Burford, Saninel. Ordin.ation .Sermon, 1765, 4to Burge, William, Queen's Counsel, d. 1850, a^ed 63 Commmitarics on the Law of Suretyship, last edit., Lon., IS4.1 Svo ; 1st Amer. edit., Boston, 1817, Svo. This work will bo found of great use to the American lawyer as well as to the members of the English Bar 2S6 BUR Observations on the Supreme Appellate Jurisdiction of Great Britain, Lon., 1841, Svo. . Commentaries on Colo- nial and Foreign Laws generally, and in their conflict with each other and with the Law of England, Lon. 1838 4 vols. Svo ; new edit, in course of preparation, ' ' This work should stand on the same shelf with Mr. Jus- tice Story's Treatise upon the Conflict of Laws. This emi- nent author thus refers to Burge's work : '■ It exhibits (Treat learniui; and research, and as its merits are not as yet Ri-n.-rally known to the profession on this side of the Atlantic, 1 hav,- niadi> many references to it, with the view of en- abhnK the piotcKsi.iii I,, obtiiin many more illustrations of the doc- trines than my own brief text would suggest, and also fully to appreciate his learned Kibours." Restoration and Repairs of the Temple Church, 1843, Svo. The Choral Service of the Anglo-Catholio Church, Burges. The Pope's Deadly Wound. Burges, Frauds. Some Observations on the Use and Original of the Noble Art and Mystery of Printing Norwich, 1701, Svo. This is often called the first book printed at Norwiidi ; but this is an error. Burges, G. H. Plato ;— Four Dialogues : Crito, Greater Hippias, Second Alcibiados, and Sisyphus: with English Notes, original and selected. In this edition, Eekker's Te.xt IS adopted, and the whole of Heindorfs Notes are translated. "It is owing to the erudition and research of the editor that these dialogues may now be pronounced no longer a sealed book which none but great scholars could ever hope even imperfectlv to understand."— jVcm MiriMilij Mmj. ' Burges, George. Remarks on Mr. Wakefield's In- quiry relative to Public Worship, Lon., 1792, Svo. A Let- ter to Thomas Paine, 1794, Svo. Euripides Troades, 1807, Svo. Euripides Pha;nissaj ; Cum Nutulis, 1810, Svo. Other works. Burges, James. Inoculation, 2d ed., 1754, Lon., Svo. Burges, Sir James Bland. Heroic Epistle from Sergeant Eiadsh:lw, in the Shailcs, to John Dunnin», Esq 1788. Law of Insolvency, 1783, Svo. Alfred's Letters, 1792, Svo. Tlie Birth and Triumph of Love: a Poem, 1796, 4to. Richard the First an Epic Poem, 1801, 2 vols Svo. Riches, a Play, 1810, Svo. Reasons in favour of a new trans, of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1819, Svo. "This work, though designed as a defence of Mr. Bellamy's str.ingo perlormance. in reply to the Qu.arterlv Review of t4t work IS worth consulting, though the reader will not be Ukely to adopt all the learned Baronet's reasons or reasonings, in their sun- port: —OmiF.: BM. Brit. °' =" ="y Sir J.amos pub. some other works. Burges, Samuel. Ordination sermon, 1707, Svo Burgess, Mrs. The Oaks, or the Beauties of Can- terbury; a Comedy, 1780, Svo. Burgess, or Burges, Anthony, a Nonconformist clergyman, was educated at St John's College. Cambridge and afterwards became a Fellow ofEmmanuel College, "in 1630 he obtained the living of Sutton-Colfield, Warwick- shire, but submitted to ejectment after the ReHoration ym.licia; Legis, Lon., 1546, 4to. 155 Sermons on the 17th Chapter of St John, Lon., 1646, '66, '61, fob " Full of sound doctrine, methodically arranged, and closely an- piled in very plain langn.age."- Da. £. Wili.ia.ms. " Spiritual and experimental."— Bickeesteth. The True Doctrine of Justification asserted and vindi- cated, 1648, 4to. Treatise on Justification, 1654, 4to ,'nf ".'l.™''' '^ ^ Sre-at favourite with those who hold the doctrine 01 Lhrists imputed righteousness."— Lowndes. Commentaries on the 1st and 2d Corinthians, 1661 2 vols. fol. ' "'This deserves the same character as his work on John "— Br. K. AVilli.\ms. Olher theological works. Bishop Hacket used to say that Burgess was fit for a Professor's Chair in the University "A pious, learned, and able scholar, a good disputant, an emi- nent preacher, and a sound and orthodox divine."— Da Joan Wai- LIS, a jmpil of Burgess. Burgess, or Burges, Cornelius, D.D., a Noncon- formist divine, d. 1665. was entered at O.xford in 1611. On taking holy orders he obtained the rectory of St Mao-- nus, London-bridge, an,l in 161S ho was presented to the living of Watford in Hertfordshire. He was chaplain in ordinary to Charles I., and a zealous frieud to the Church in the earlier part of his life, but as Wood .alleges, from disapjiointment, he afterwards sided with the Parliamen- tary party, and after the murder of the king shared largely in the spoils; purchasing Church lands, and writ- ing a book to justify such speculations, entitled No Sacri- lege nor Sinne to Alicne or Purchase the Lands of Bishops, or others, whose Offices are Abolished, 2d edit, Lon., 1659, Svo. (3d edit, abbreviated, 1660, 4to.) " This second unpression, as I apprehended, was wrote upon a BUR BUR prosp& t of the King's cnming; in, and danger of losing all ; for it is wro'e In a very mortified stylti."' — Cole. Tho king did "come in/' and Burgess's speculations proved rather uuprotitablo : *' III' was I)i(l for his pnrchase, not lone 'bef'^re the King's return, ahniit £ !ii,i)mi. )mt refus'd it. And the Kini; unexpectL'dly (to him) retnriiinL,' in tin- vi-;ir lOiiO, and bishops and di'ans heinc restored, he lost all Ills pun-lias'd lands, and became so poor (inv;ensjustitia^ divin.-p doonmentuml that he had not bread to eat. as it appears in bis own letter to Sii* Hichard Browne." — Dr. Barlow, in Athen. Oxfni. He pub. several other theological tracts, among them, Baptismal Regeneration of Elect Infiints, Oxf., 1629, 4t.o. "An unsatisfactory work." — BlcKERsTiiTH. Burgess, Daniel, 1645-1712, a Dissenting divine, was entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in lti60. In 1667 the Earl of Orrery appointed him master of a school at CharleviUo. Ireland. In 1685 he took charge of a congre- gation in Brydges Street, Covcnt Uardon, London, after- wards in Carey Street. vScrmon on Eccles. xii. 1, Lon., 1660, fol. IS Directions for saving Conversion to God, 1691, Svo. Causa Dei; or. Counsel to the Rich. Lon., 1697, 8vo. Tho Golden Snuffers, a sermon on Exod. xxxvii. 23, 1697. Other theolog. treatises. Burgess was celebrated for a random wit which sometimes forgot the propriety of times and seasons and sbirtled the pulpit with unseemly levity. Yet he had many occasional hearers from the theatre in his vicinity, and his lively zeal for souls made him ready to "become all things to all men." Perhaps the most unsatisfactory and reckless of the pupils upon whom his admonitions were thrown away was Henry St. John, (afterwards) Lord Bolingbroke, to whom Bur- gess was for some time tutor. Burgess, Daniel. A Short Account of the Roman Senate. Lon., 1729, 4to. Burgess, George, D.D., Bishop of the P. Episcopal Church in the State of Maine, was born Oct. 31, 1809, at Providence, Rhode Island; was educatctl at Brown Uni- versity, {where he was fur some time a tutor,) and studied at the Universities of Gottingen, Bonn, and Berlin: Rec- tor of Christ Church, Hartford, 1834-1847; consecrated Bishop of Maine, Oct. 31, 1847, and became, at the same time, Rector of Christ Church, Gardiner. He has pub. several sermons and two academic poems. The Book of Psalms in Engli.^h Verse, N.Y., 12mo. Pages from the Ecclesiastical History of New England, 12mo. The Last Enemy Conquering and Conquered, Phila., 1850, 12mo. Sermons on the Christian Life, 1854, 12mo. "Remarkable for comprehension of thought, beauty and Bim- plicity of Btjle, and for the profit and interest witli which they are read." Burgess, Rev. Henry, LL.D. Amateur Gardener's Year-Book, Lon., 1857, Svo. "This ia, beyond compare, the best book of its class that has coroe under our uotico. It is really popnlar." — Lon. Cnlic. Burgess, J. Beelzebub Driven and Drowning his Hogs; a sermon on Mark v. 12, 13, 1670, Svo. Burgess, John. The Lawfulness of Kneeling in re- ceiving the Lord's Supper, Lon., 1631, 4to. Contains an answer to a Reply to Dr. Morton's Defence of those nocent Ceremonies. Burgess, John Cart. Flower Painting, Lon., 1811. Useful Hints on Drawing and Painting, 1818, etc. Burgess, Richard. Topography and Antiquities of Rome, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. Greece and the Levant, or Diary of a Summer's Excursion in 1834, *35, 2 vols. 12mo. "These little volumes are valuable as guides for tourists, and pleasinjriy describe the most interestinp; portions of Greece, Tui^ key, aud Western Asia." — Lon . Alhcn(rnm . Lectures on the Insufficiency of Unrevealed Religion, and on the succeeding Influence of Christianity. 1839, Svo. "Considerable interest attaches to these Lectures from the fact that they were delivered to a Protestant consreffation within the confines of the Vaticiin ; and the preface contains an acconnt, as import^int as it is drliirhttul. of tho nri^rin miic! iiT'iltcss of this church. The Lectures thrinsi4vi.'S an- a vali];iblc aiMitinn to the various treatises on thu evidwnces of revealed reliyiuu." — Lon. Christian Rcjncmhrancer. The Circus, aud Circensian Games, p. Svo. Burgess, Richard. Observations on an Appeal to members of the Society for P. C. K., Lon., 1844, Svo. Burgess, Thomas, D.D., 1756-1837, a native of Odiham, Hampshire, educated at Winchester School, and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he obtained a scholarship in 1775, and a fellowship in 17S3. He became Bishop of St. David's in 1803, translated to Salisbury in 1825. He was distinguished for industry as an author, and zeal in the discharge of ministerial duties. Whilst chaplain to Dr. Shute Barrington, his predecessor in the bishopric of Salisbury, he laboured assiduously in the pro- motion of that Christian charity — next to the ministry the most powerful instrumentality for the subversion of error and establishment of truth — the Sunday-School system. Tho bishop was a very voluminous writer; his biographer, J. S. Harford, enumerates nearly 100 publica- tions of his. To this bitigraphy, 2d edit., pub. Lou., 1841, 12mo, we refer the reader. We notice a few of his works : Burton's Peutalogia, with an Appendix, and a few expla- natory Notes, 1780, 2 vols. Svo. Dawes's Miscellanea Critica Iterum edita. 17SI, Svo ; reprinted at Leipsic, ISOO. An Essay on the Study of Antiquities, 2d edit., Oxf., 1782, Svo. Considerations on the Abolition of Slavery, 17S9, Svo : recommending gradual emancipation. The Divinity of Christ proved from his own Assertions, Ac. ; a sermon, 1790, 4to; of this doctrine the bishop was a zealous de- fender. Ho pub., 1814-20, a number of tracts on the Trinity, &c., which were collected into one volume in 1820; and in 1822 and 1824 he pub. Annotationes Millii, Ac, and a selection of Tracts and Observations on John V. 7, and wrote some treatises upon this question. Tho zeal of tho bishop whilst espousing the genuineness of this verso drew him into a controversy with Professor Turton, who defended Porson against a charge made by the prelate. Elementary Evideneos of the Truth of Chris- tianity, in a series of Easter Catechisms. This valuable work has been frequently reprinted. Fteasons why a new Translation of the Bible should not be published, 1816, Svo. Initia Paulina, 1804, 12mo. "Some of the most valuable illustrations of the style of St. Paul's Kpistb's. that can be offered to the attention of the student.'* —lindsh Cnlic. "This small work is adapted to aid the critical student of Paul's Epistles." — OR.ME. His Hebrew Elements, 1807, and Hebrew Primer, ISOS, are valuable assistants to tho student. A Letter to the Clergy of St. David's. 1825, Svo. Christian Theocracy, Ac, 1835, 12mo. In addition to tho Life by Harford, con- sult Homo's Introduction for notice of some of the writ- ings of this learned and useful prelate. "lie resembled an ancient father of the church in simplicity and holiness, aud was distinfiuished alike for extensive learning and unwearied industry, and the unruffled calm of a meditative miud." — 1>U. PEMi-^oy. -' Uishi'p Ilur-rss deserves well of the Christian public for the varied eniMni.i---MKnts which he has presented to the cultivation of IJibli<;il liteiatuie."— O/Hif's BiU. Bih. Burgess, Tristam. The Battle of Lake Erie, with notite of Commodore Elliott's Conduct in that engage- ment, 1839, 12mo. Speeches, Ac Burgess, Wm. Funeral Sermon, Colches., 1831. Svo. Bnrgesse, John. Thcolug. treatises, Lon., 1709, '2S. Burgh, A. or R. 1. Sacred History. 2. Music, 4 vols.. 1S05, '14. Burgh, or Burghe, Benedict. Cato trans, into Euglisir. 1480. ful., by Caxton. "IJur-ihe's performance is too jejune for transcription; and. I suspi'L-t. would not iKive afforded a single spleudid extr.act. had even the Latiu possessed any sparks of poetry." — WarUm's Eng. Furlrii. Burgh, James, 1714-1775, a native of Maddcrty, Perthshire, Scotland, was a cousin, by the mother's side, of Robertson the historian. lie was educated at the Univer- sity of St. Andrew's, and on leaving college commenced business in the linen trade, in which he lost all of his pro- perty. Returning to London, he became corrector of the press in Bowyer's printing office, which he left in 1746 for the purpose of becoming assistant in a grammar school at Marlow, in Buckinghamshire. In 1747 he established a school at Stoke Newington, (removed to Xewington-Green in 1760.) Middlesex, which was very successful. He la- boured in this useful occupation until 1771. when he re- tired, and settled at Islington, where he resided until his death. Britain's Remembrancer, Lou., 1745; 5 edits, in about 2 years, and reprinted in Scotland, Ireland, and America. Thoughts on Education. 1747. A Hymn to the Creator of the World, Ac; 2d edit., 1750, Svo. A Warn- ing to Dram Drinkers, 1751, 12mo. Had this warning been effectual in his own day and succeeding times, what an amount of poverty, misery, crime, and moral and spi- ritual death had been prevented ! The Free Inquirer, pub. in The General Evening Post, 1753, 4to. Dignity of Hu- man Nature, 1754, 4to. The Art of Speaking, 1762, Svo. An Account of the Cessares; a people of S. America, 1764, Svo. Crito ; or Essays on Various Subjects, 1766, '77, 3 vols. ]2mo. The Constitutionalist; pub. in The Gazetteer, 1770. Political Disquisitions, 1774, '75, 3 vols. Svo. This work is on a very comprehensive plan. Tho author intended to carry it further, had he lived. The Colonist's Advocate in The Gazetteer ; afterwards pub. by a bookseller under the title of Youth's Friendly Monitor. j *' lie was a man of great piety, integrity, and benevolence. lie 287 BUR BDR had a warmth of heart which engaged him to enter ardently into the prosecution of any valuable design, and his temper was com- municative and cheerful," See Biog. Brit. ; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes. Bur^h, Sydenham. Sermon, 1723, 8vo. Burgh, Thomas, Risht-lined Figures, Dub.,1724,4to. Bur^h, William, LL.D.. M.P., 1741-1808, a native of Ireland. Scriptural Confutations of the Arguments produced by Mr. Thoup. Lindsay against the One Godhead of Father, Son, and Iloly Ghost, Lon., 1773, and An In- quiry, &c., being a sequel to the above work, 1778, Svo. " A masterly work, hiL;hly commended by Bishop Hurd, Mr. Toplady, and other clergymen." — Lowndes. For this work the University of Oxford awarded to the author the honour of a doctor's degree. Burgh, William, of Trinity College. Dublin. Ex- position of the Book of Revelation ; 3d. edit., Dubl., 1S34, 12mo. " An attempt to set aside all preceding expositions of this book on very unsatisCictory and insufficient grounds; yet with practi- cal and useful remarks." — Bickersteth. Six Discourses on the Nature and Influence of Faith, Dubl., 1835, sm. Svo. '' This work is perfectly sound upon the esst-ntial points of Christianity, — but it is often peculiar in its mode of stating them, and stites new views upon minor points." — Piesbj/t. Rtview. Lectures on the Second Advent of Christ, and Connected Events, &c. ; 2d edit, enlarged, Dubl., 1835, 12mo. See a review of this work in the Dublin Christian Ex- aminer. " This was answered by Mr. Cunninghame (with too much sharpness, but ably) in his Church of Rome, the Apostasy." — Bickersteth. Other theological works. Burghley, tord. See Cecil, Sir Willtam. Burs:hope, George. Sermons, &c., 1095, '97, 1704. Burghope, >I. Sermon, 1701, 4to. Burgou, John William. Petra, a Poem. Lon.. 2d ed., 1846, p. Svo. Life, Times, and Contemporaries of Sir Thomas Grresham, 2 vols. Svo. " These are two magnificent volumes in regard to size, illustra- tion, and typography. Nor are their literary contents unworthy their external splendour, or the fame of the distinguished mer- chant to whose biography they are devoted." — United .S'-rrice Mag. Burgoyne, John, Lieut. General, M.P., d. 1792, was engaged in military service in several parts of the world, and obtained considerable distinction as an author. He married the daughter of the Earl of Derby. Letter to his Constituents upon his late Resignation, 1779, Svo. Sub- stance of his Speeches upon M. Vyner's Motion, 1778, Svo. State of the Expedition from Canada, 1780, Svo. The Lord of the Manor; Comic Opera, 17S1, Svo. This piece contains the beautiful lines commencing " Encompassed in an Angel's Frame." The Heiress; a Comedy, 1786, Svo. "Every reader of the Heiress will mark the striking parallel- imns between many passages in it and the School for .Scandal." He contributed The Westminster Guide to the celebrated Probationary Odes. His Dramatic and Poetical Works, with Memoir of the Author, appeared in 1808, 2 vols. 12mo. "The various offerings to the Muses, which were presented by an accomplished gentleman and a brave and skilful officer." — Lon. Monthly Review. Burgoyne, Montagu. Polit. Letters and Speeches, 1S07, '10. '11. Burhill, or Burghill, Robert, 1572-1641, a native of Dymock, Gloucestershire, was admitted at 15 scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and probationer Fellow in 1584. He was presented to the living of Nortbwold in Norfolk, and was made Canon residentiary of Hereford. Invitatorius panegyricus, nd Regem Optimum de Eliza- bethae nuper Reginas posteriore ad Oxoniam Adventu, A-c, Oxon., 160:?, 4to. De Potestate Regia et Usurpatione Pa- pali, r ilmu-bt. the power to enter into his conception, seemed to be transferred into the pen of his imitator, with a fidelity and ' grace beyond the reach of art.' " A celebrated critic, alluding to the successful imitation of all of the noble writer's clianirfrristics, remarks: "In Burke's imitation of llolin.ji-i-ul,,. i tlir most p.-rfect specimen perhaps that ever will exist oJ' Ibr art m /■. .Smyth's I^Huies on Mnderji I/iylorj/. The EKsay towards an Abrid.t^ment of the English His- tory, was pub. by Dndsley in 1757. Only eight .sheets were issued, as the author abandoned the design, probably from hearing that Hume had taken the same subject in hand. Burke's Abridgment possesses no little merit, and it is deeply to be lamented that he did not pursue his in- tended plan. " It displays a spirit of clope research into the earlier history of our island, not exceeded, perhaps not equalled, bv works of much greater pretensions, and with more anti.|uarian "knnwled^'e than could possibly be expected. . . . The style differs from that of the * European Settlements" in aiming at less of point and effect, but possesses simplicity and perspicuity. On the whole, it is, perhaps, the best abstract of that remote period we possess, without any admixture of the fabulous stories so common to the ti^e ; and to youth it will be found particularly instructive." — Prior. In 1759 the Earl of Charl'emont introduced Burke to William Gerard Hamilton, more familiarly styled Single- Speech Hamilton, *• Mho after a few able efforts in the House of Commons, gained more celebrity by afterwards keeping his tongue still, than many others by the most determined volubility." In 1761 Hamilton accompanied Lord Halifax (appointed Lord-Lieutenant) to Ireland, and took Burke with him as his privat* secretary. Mr. Hamilton held the high official position of a Lord of Trade, and had diligently laboured to acquire that knowledge of tlie philosophy of commerce and principles of agriculture, which alone could render the discharge of his duties honourable to himself and use- ful to others. But a few conversations with his young secretary convinced him that, in future conferences, the master must consent to be scholar, rather than aspire to the post of instructor. The following remarks, extracted from the preface to the Thoughts and Details on Scarcity, presented by Mr. Burke to the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, are not without interest in this connection : " Agriculture, and the commerce connected with and dependent upon it, form one of the most considerable branches of political economy; and as such, Mr. Burke diligently studied them. In- deed, when hebeg.an toqualify himself for the exalted rank which he afterwards held among statesmen, he laid a broad and deep foundation: and to an accurate research into the con.stitution. the laws, the civil and military history of these kingdoms, he joined an enlightened acquaintance with the whole circle of our commercial system. On his first introduction, when a young man. to the late Mr. Gerard Hamilton, who was then a Lord of Trade, the latter ingenuously confessed to a friend still living, how sensibly he felt his own inferioiity, much as he bad endeji- voured to inform himself, and aided as he was by official docu- ments inaccessible to any private person. He was also consulted, and the greatest deference was paid to his opinions, by Dr. Adam r^mifh. in the progress of the celebrated work on the "Wealth of Nations." In this station, his first public employment. Burke proved very serviceable, and in 1763 was rewarded with a pension of £300 per annum on the Irish list. This pension he voluntarily relinquished in 17(i4. on the occasion of a dis- agreement with Hamilton, the particulars of which are well known. In 1765 occurred an event which decided the future course of Burke's life, anoignancy of his grief. " I am in no terror; I feel myself better and in spirits; yet my heart flutters. I know not why ! Pray talk to me — of reli- gion—of morality—of inditTerent .subjects.' Then, returning to his room, he exclaimed, 'What noise is that? Does it rain?' • No; it is the rustling of the wind in the trees.' The invalid then broke out at once with a clear, sweet voice in that lit-autiful passage (the favourite lines of his father) from the Morning Hymn in Milton: ' Ilis praise, ye winds, that from four quarters blow, Breathe sol^t or loud; and wave your tops, ye pines, "With every plant, in sign of worship, wave!' " He began again and again, repeated them with the same ten- derness and fervour, bowing his head as in the act of worship, and then sank into the arms of his parents, as in a profound and sw.-et sleep. It «^>u]d be too painful to dwell on scenes that fol- lowed, until the father laid all that nmained to him of his child beneath the Beaconsfield Church- adjoining his estate. From that hour he never looked, if he could avoid it. toward that church! Eishteen months after, when he had somewhat recovered his com- posure, he thus adverted to his loss in his celebrated Letter to a ^■oble Lord : ' The storm has gone over me, and I lie like one of those old oaks which the late hurricane has scattered around me. 1 am stripped of all my honours: I am torn up by the roots, and lie prostrate to the earth! There. and prostrate there, I must un- feignedly recognise the divine justice, and in some degree submit to it. . . . 1 am alfme ! I have tume to nieii my memie-s in the gate? " See Dr. French Laurence's Letter to Mrs. Haviland. It is hardly necessary at this day to do more than briefly notice the alleged identity of Mr. Burke with the author of the Letters of Junius. At one time it was generally believed that he was the author, and Mr. Roche made out so strong a case in his Inquiry that even the quick-witted Anti-Jacobin Review was completely convinced, as the following verdict testifies: ■' We feel it our duty before we enter into any particulars re- specting this work, to declare, that i7 haa fiillj/ com-ivced us of the truth which it is intendrd to establish ;— that the Letters i if .Ju- nius were written by the I!iglit IloiHmrablo Kdmund Lurke. Mr. Roche has. indeed, brought to^'cther such a body of evidence, in- ternal, direct, and circumstantial, as must eventually settle this interesting and long-disputed question." We shall not be expected to give any opinion upon a point on which most literary men have their own theory. The matter will be adverted to again in our notice of Sir PniLii' Francis. That Mr. Burke at least knew who the author was. we have good reason to believe, — hut he "died and made no sign." We know an English gentleman who protests that he possesses the secret, and he may reveal something further. Of all those speeches by which he acquired such renown, Mr. Burke prepared the following only for the press: L On American Taxation ; delivered April 9, 1774. 2. On Conciliation with America: March 22, 1775. 3. On Eco- nomical Reform: Feb. 20. 1780. 4. At Bristol, previous to the Election: September fi, 17S0. 5. On Declining the Election at Bristol : September 9, 17^0. 6. On the East India Bill of Mr. Fox; December 1, 1783. 7. On the Nabob of Arcot's Debts. Feb. 28, 1785. All of these, with the exception of that On Economical Reform, will be found in the Rev. Dr. Chauncey A. Goodrich's Select Bri- tish Eloquence, where the reader may also peruse an ad- mirahle analysis of Mr. Burke's characteristics as an au- thor and an orator. The great speech of July 16, 1794, On the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Mr, Burke never prepared for the press. Mr. Macaulay has sketched the august spectacle of that day in colours but little less vivid than those which exposed the gigantic wickedness 291 BUR of the late Governor-General of India. He also does jus- tice to the purity of motive and laudable philanthropy which actuated Burke in this prosecution, and properly rebukes the disreputable attempt of the reverend biogra- pher (Gleig) of Hastings to impute petty malice to a mind too noble to harbour such an unworthy tenant. Of all the flattering portrait-painters of the age. perhaps the most successful in converting defirmity into beauty are Mr. Basil Montagu, Sir John Malcolm, and the Rev. Dr. Gleig: see portraits of Bacon, Clive. and Hastings, as sketched by these great masters. We shall now, in justice to the illustrious subject of our notice, and that we may not be suspected of extravagance in the eulogies for which we are personally responsible, quote from the recorded opinion of a number of his contemporaries and successors : '• There never was .1 more beautiful alliance between virtue and BUR chivalrv : and 1 can almost forgive bis reverence for church estab- "lifb-uients/— i-^T'^ARD Gibbon. _ " ■\Vbea he has roused us with the thunders of his eloquence, ho can at once. Tiinotheus-like. choose a melancholy theme, and melt us into pitv : there is grace in his an^er. for he can inveigh without vulgarity ; he can modulate the strongest burst of pas- sion, for even in his madness there is music."— Cu.mbekland. "That volume of voice, that superabundant richness and fer- tility of fancy, that vast grasp and range of mind, which Mr. Burke possessed beyond all created beings." On one occasion Mr. Shackleton, after listening to some of Burke's conversational eloquence, remarked aside to the orator's sou, " He is the greatest man of the age." *' He is," replied the son, with filial enthusiasm, *'the greatest man of any age !" It is to be here observed that Burke, with that remarkable modesty which so eminently distinguished him, and which prevented bis making a collection of his writings, considered his son's talents as far superior to his talents. All his conceptions were kind, all his sentiments gene- | q^^_ Wilherforce remarked rous. . . . The sublimest talents, the greatest and rarest virtues that the beneficence of Providence ever concentrated in a single character for the benefit of mankind. But Mr. Burke was too su- perior to the age in which he lived. His prophetic genius only astonished the nation which it ought to have governed." — M. CazaiJs. " I do not reckon it amongst the least calamities of the times, certainly not among those that affect me le.ast. that the world has now lost Mr. Burke. Oh 1 how much may we rue that his counsels were uut followed. Oh 1 how exa,ctly do we see verified all that he has predicted !"—WiNDnAM. " He must again repeat that all he ever knew of men, that all he ever read in books, that all his reasoning faculties informed him of, or his fitncy suggested to him. did not impart that exalted knowledice. that superior information, which he had acquired from the lessons of his right honourable friend. To him he owed all his fame, if fame he had any. And if he (Mr. Fox) should now, or at any time, prevail over him in discussion, he could ac- knowledge his gratitude for the capability and pride of the con- quest in telling him ' Hoc ipsum quod vincit id est tuum.'" — Mr. Fox's Sj^efch in the House of Commons on the occasion of his rupture witii Mr. Burke. At the moment of proposing Mr. Burke's interment in Westminster Abbey, he again repeated the same acknow- ledgments in terms which, in the words of a member in attendance, "drew tears from every one present who had any feelings at all, or could sympathize in the excellence of the great genius before them, or with the still greater excellence of the genius who had departed." '■ Burke understands every thing but gaming and music. In the House of Commons I sometimes think him only the second man in England ; out of it he is always the first."— Gerard Ha- milton. " The admiration, nay astonishment, with which I so often list- ened to Mr. Burke, gave an interest to every spot connected with his memory, and forcibly brouubt to my recollection the profun- dity and extent of bis knowledge, while the energy, warmth, a , and beauty of his imagery, captured the heart, and made the judgment tributary to the will. As an oi-ator he surpassed all his contem- poraries, and was perhaps never exceeded." — Curwen. Another contemporary remarks : *'The political knowledge of Mr. Burke might be considered al- most as an Encyclopaedia: every man who approached him re- ceived instruction from his stores." One who generally opposed him in politics acknowledges that '■ Learning waited upon him as a handmaid, presenting to his choice all that antiquity had culled or invented; he often seemed to be oppressed under the load and variety of his intellectual (rea- Bures. Every power of oratory was wielded by him in turn; for he could be during the same evening pathetic and humorous, acrimonious and conciliating; now giving a loose to his indigna- tion and severity, and then, almost in the same breath, calling to his assistance ridicule, wit, and mockery." Another political opponent remarks : " As an orator, notwithstanding some defects, he stands almost unrivalled. No man was better calculated to arouse the dormant passions, to call forth the glowing affections of the human heart, and to ' harrow up' the inmost recesses of the soul. Venality and meanness stood appalled in his presence; he who was dead to the feelings of his own conscience was still alive to his animated re- proaches; and corruption for a while became alarmed at the ter- rors of his countenance.'' " His learning is so various and extensive that we might praise It for its range and compass, weie it not still more praiseworthy for its solidity and depth. His imagination is so lively and so crea- tive, that he may justly be called the child of fancy : and, there- fore, his enemies, for even he is not without them, would persuade us that his fancy overbears his judgment. . . . His grand charac- teristic is genius, and his ruling faculty is judgment. . . . ^Vhilst he persuades as an orator, he instructs as a philosopher." — Hev. TnoMAS Campbell, author nf the History of hdond. " Of his talents and acquirements in general, it is unnecessary to speak. They were long the glory of his country and the admi- ration of Europe; they might have been (bad it consisted with the inscrutable counsels of Pivine Providence) the salvation of both. If not the most accomplished orator, yet the most eloquent man of his age. perhaps second to none in any age, he had still more wisdom than eloquence. He diligently collected it from the wise of all ages; but what he had so obtained he enriched from the vast treasury of his own observation." — Dr. French Laurence. "I admire bis eloquence; I approve his politics; I adore his 292 His eloquence had always attracted, his imagination continu- allv charmed, his reasonings often convinced, him. Of his head and his heart, of his abilities and of bis humanity, of his rectitude and perseverance, no man could entertain a higher opinion than he did." " ^Vhen the public mind was darkened that it could not discern, when in every quarter of the heaven appeared vapour and mist and cloud and exhalation, at this very hour the morning horizon be- gan suddenly to redden : it was the dawn. Then, indeed, ' First in his east the glorious lamp was seen, Begent of day!' That luminary was EDT^itiND Burke. ... I would record in lasting characters, and in our holie.st and most honourable temple, the de- parted Oratiir of Kntrland. the Statesman and the Christian, Kd- MCND Burke. Kemiineratio ^us Cum Altissimol"— /^rirmts of Literntuni. '■ The name of Burke will be remembered with admiration when those of Pitt and Fox will he comparatively forgotten."— Lord Thurlow. '•Let me speak what my mind prompts of the eloquence of Burke; of Burke, by whose sweetness Athens herself would have been soothed, with whose amplitude and exuberance she would have been enraptured, and on whose lips that prolific mother of genius and science would have adored, confessed, the Goddess of Persuasion Who is there among men of eloquence or learning more profoundly versed in every branch of science? Who is there that bus cultivated philosophy ,'the parent of all that is illustrious in literatuie or expkiit. with more felicitous success? . . Who is there that cnnil>ines the charm of invisible grace and urbanity with such magnificent and boundless expansion?"— Dr. Paer. See these opinions and others in Prior's Life of Burke. In conversation Burke was as unrivalled as in oratory. Johnson was the first man in the literary circles of London when Burke was absent, but he knew himself to be only second in the presence of Burke. It was a " striking spec- tacle to see one so proud and stubborn, who had for years been accustomed to give forth his iHcta with the authority of an oracle, submit to contradiction from a youth of twenty-seven. But though Johnson diflered from Burke in politics, he always did him justice. He spoke of him from the first in terms of the highest respecL" He re- marked to Boswell : " ' I do not grudge Burke's being the first man in the House of Commons, for he is the first everywhere.' ' Burke,' he remarked upon another occasion, * is an extraordinary man. His stream of talk is perpetual; and he does not talk from any desire of distinc- tion, but because his mind is full. ... He is the only man whoso common conversation corresponds with the general fame which he has in the world. Take him up where you please, he is ready to meet you. ... No man of sense could meet Burke by accident under a gateway, to avoid a shower, without being convinced that he was the first man in England." "A striking confirmation of this remark occurred some years after, when Mr. Burke was passing thntugh Lichfield, the birth- place of Johnson. Wishing to see the Catheilral. during the change of horses, he stepped into the building, and was met by one of the clergy of the pl.ace, who kindly offered to point out the principal objects of curiosity. A conversation ensued, but in a few moments the clergyman's pride of local information was completely subdued by the copious and intricate knowledge displayed by the stranger. Whatever topic the objects before them suggested, whether the theme was architecture or antiquities, some obscure passage in ecclesiastical history, or some question respecting the life of a saint, he touched it as with a sunbeam. His information appeared uni- versal; his mild, clear intellect, without one particle of ignorance. A few minutes after their separation, the clergyman was met hur- rying through the street. - 1 have had.' said he, ' quite an adven- ture. I have been conversing for this half hour past with a man of the most extraordinary powers of mind and extent of informa- tion which it has ever been my fortune to meet with; and I am now going to the inn to ascertain, if possible, who this stranger is.' Johnson considered that he would have excited as much won- der in much lower company. ' If he should go into a stable, and talk a few minutes with the hostlers about horses, they would venerate him as the wisest of human beings. They would say. We bavehad an exti-aordinary man here.' . . . In speaking of Mr. Burke's social hours, the late Mr. Grattan observed to several friends, that be was the greatest man in conversation he had met with. A nobleman who was present fLord C.) inqnii-ed whether he did not think Curran on some occasions greater. ' No. my Lord.* wasthereplv; 'Curran indeed had much wit: but Burke had wit too. and. in addition to wit, boundless stores of wisdom and know- , ledge.'" BUR BUR When some one eulogized Johnson's powers of conver- sation, "But," replied Goldsmith, "is he like Burke, who winds luU) his subject like a serpent?" It is worth noticing here that Mr. Burke himself consi- dered Mrs. Anne Pitt, sister of the minister at the head of the cabinet, as " the most perfectly eloquent person he ever heard speak. He lamented not having committed to paper one particular conversation in which the richness and va- riety of her discourse quite astonished him." We hope that our readers will appreciate the gallantry which causes us to introduce this anecdote. '• It would notbf difticulttuinultiply evidences of the vast stores of knowledi,'e which Mr. Burke seems to have always had on hand ready for use at a monjent's notice. On one occasion he dined with a party, where he met with an ecclesiastical dignitary who surprised the company by stjirting 'subjects of conversation so abstruse or unusual. th;it f«w of his hearers felt inclined or qualified to accom- pany bim.' Mr. Burke said nothing for some time; but when the gentleman committed an error in his detail of some of the opei-a- tionsof Caesar in Britain, he immediat^-ly corrected him: the clergy- man bowed without making any reply. He then brought up for discussion the merits of some obscure Latin authors, and was giv- ing a quotation, when Mr. Burke reminded him that he had not rendered properly two or three words of the sentence. Again he introduced to the notice of the company a description of a rare old volume, 'containing some curious geographical details.' Here at least he was safe from the formidable critic ! Not at all : Mr. Burke took the subject out of his hands, and commented on it as if it had been an everyday matter. " At the conclusion of the evening Mr. Richards and the Arch- deacon walked home together. ' Sir.' observed the former. ' I ad- mired your patience when so repeatedly, and I dare say, unneces- sarily, interrupted by Mr. Burke; for, from the nature of your studies, you mustbea more competent judge of such matters than the bustle of politics can permit him to be.' 'Mr. Burke was never- theless right, and I was wrong.' replied the Archdeacon : ' nay more; T confess T went previously prepared to .speak on these sul>- jects, for knowing that I was to meet him, and hearing that he was acquaintt^d with almost every thing, I had determined to put his knowledge to the test, and fir this purpose had spent much of the morning in my study. Jly memory, however, has been more treacherous than I had imagined.'" If the mere perusal of Burke's speeches affect us so powerfully, what must have been the emotions of his audi- tory! The Duke de Levis heard one of his philippics against the French Revolution, and he declares that " This extraordinary man seemed to raise and queil the passions of his auditory with as much ease and as rapidly as a skilful mu- sician passes into the various modulations of his harpsiiln.rd. I have witnessed many, too many, political assemlilages. and strik- ing scenes, where eloquence performed a noble part, but the whnle Of them appear insipid when compjtrcd with this amazing effort." When he painted the cruelties of Debi Sing in his speech on the impeachment of ^Varreu Hastings, the writer of the History of the Trial tells us " In this part of his speech Mr. Burke's descriptions were more vivid, more harrowing, and more horrific, than human utterance, or either tact or fancy, perhaps ever formed befure. The agitation of most people was very apparent: Mrs. Sheridan was so overpow- ered that she fainted : several others weire as powerfully affected." Mrs. Siddons is said to have been one of the number thus overcome by a mightier eloquence than any known to the stage. The " flinty chancellor," Lord Thurlow, albeit unused to the melting mood, was so visibly affected, that "iron tear.s down Pluto's cheek" was very near to being something more than a simile of the orator's. " In his address to the Peers, some days afterwards, he concluded a handsome eulogium on the speech, by oliserving that their ' Lord- ships all knew the effect ujKin the auditors, many of whom had not to that moment, and perhaps never would, recover from the shock it had occasioned.'" " The testimony of the accused party himself is perhaps the strongest ever borne to the powers of any speaker of any country. • For half an hour.' said Mr. Hastings. ' I Icxiked up at the orator in a reverie of wonder; and during that space I actually felt mj'- self the most culpable man on earth:' adding, however. — 'but I recurred to my own bosom, and there found a consciousness that consoled me under all I heard and all I suffered.'" — Prior's Lift of Burke. Was there ever an instance of such exquisite hypocrisy, or of such utter callousness of soul? But we leave this moral phenomena for Dr. (lleig's anatomical powers. It was enough to excite a momentary pang of remorse even in the flinty heart of that man of blood and .spoils, to hear himself thus most accurately depicted by the indignant eloquence of the first orator in the world: *' Therefore hath it with all confidence tteen ordered bv the Com- mons of Gre.at }lritain. that I impeach Warren Hastings of high crimes and misdemeanours! "I Impeach him in the name of the Commons House of Parlia- ment, whose trust he has betrayed ! " I impeach him in the name of the English nation, whose an- cient hour jr he has sullied! *'I impeach him in the name of the people of India, whose rights he has trodden under foot, and whose country he has turned into adesertl Lastly, in the name of human nature itself, in the name of both sexes, in the name of every age. in the name of every rank, I impeach the common enemy and oppressor of alll" Well said Mr. Fox, *' If we are no longer in shameful ignorance of India; if India no longer makes us blush in the eyes of Kurope; let us know and feel our obligations to him whose admirable resources of opinion and affection — whose uutiring toil, sublime genius, and high as- piring honour, raised him up conspicuous among the most liene- ficent worthies of mankind!" — Speech oti the ImjieacJimait of War* rcn Hastings. Burke himself calls this great work— the arraignment of Hastings — "that principal act which is to be the glory or the shame of my whole public life." — Works, edit. 1852, ii. 309. Sheridan's tribute to Burke is worthy of his genius : " A gentleman whose abilitins. h;ippi!y tiir tb>' ^buy of the age in which we live, are not intm^ted t<' ih.- peri~li;ible eloquence of the day, but will live to be the admiiation of that hour when all of us shall be mute, and most of us forgotten." The distinguished .Schlegel is eloquent in his praise: "This man has been to his own country and to all Europe — in a very particular manner to Germany — a new light of political wisdom and moral experience. He corrected his age when it was at the height of its revolutionary fi-enzy ; and without maintain- ing any system of philosophy-, he seems to have seen farther info the true nature of society, and to have more clearly comprehended the effect of religion in connecting individual security with na- tional welfare, than any philosopher, or any system of philosophy, of any succeeding age." — SchhgeVs Lfcturt's oh Literature. Robert Hall, himself a great master of eloquence, touches a loftier note than is usual even with him, when speaking of Burke : " ^^'ho can withstand the fescination and magic of his eloquence ? The excursions of his genius are immense! His imperial fancy has laid all nature under tribute, and has collected riches from every scene of the creation and every walk of art !" "The immortality of Burke is that which is common to Cicero or to Bacon. — that which can never be interrupted while there ex- ists the beauty of order or the love of virtue, and which can fearno death except what barbarity may impose on the globe."— GR-^ttan. Mr. Grattan may be charged with extravagance in plac- ing Burke upon a par with Cicero and Bacon, but many capable critics are not satisfied with this rank, aud assign him a still higher place. Sir James Mackintosh hardly allows to the great master of ancient eloquence, or to the profound father of modern philosophy, an equality with him who combined the excellencies of both ; " Shakspeare and Burke are. if I may venture on the expression, above talent. Burke was one of the lirst thinkers, as well as one of the greatest orators, of his time. He is without parallel in any age or country, except perhaps Lord Bacon or Cicero ; and hia works corttain an ampler store nf political and mokal wisdom th.\n can bb FOrXD IN ANY OTHER WRITER WOATEVER." The reader must not fail to procure A Memoir of the Political Life of the Bight Hon. En of attack — invei'tive. abuse, irony, sarcasm, simile drawn out to allegory, allusion, quntation. fable, parable, anathema. *' He wasadniirabK' in e^J^<:>fiition; in truth, he delighted to give Instruction both when siieaking and conversing, and in this he was unrivalled. Quis in se>i(r)i(iis arguUur? in doceiido fdisscnm- • f'-:[w suf'lilii'rf Mr. Fox might well avow, without a compliment, that he had learnt more from him than from all other men and au- thors." — Lord Brougfiam. It is truly gratifying to know that there are no incon- gruous colours in the background to detract from the bril- liancy and beauty of the portrait we have thus presented of Edmund Burke : ** the King's daughter was all glorious within," and so with the illustrious subject of our theme ; — we are not called upon to deplore the union of splendid talents and degrading vices, of public philanthropy and private venality : the .spotless ermine covers no hidden cor- nipHon. Of this we have abundant evidence: "The unspotted innocence, the firm int+^giity of Burke," says Dr. Parr, '• want no embl:t/,u^in^^ and if he is accustomed to exact a rigorous account of the nionii conduct of others, it is justified in one who shuns not the must inquisitorial scrutiny into his own." The Rev. I/Ir. Crabbe, whom Burke raised from a posi- tion of want and distress to competency and comfort, speaks in glowing terms " Of his private worth, of his wishes to do good, of his affability and condescension ; his readiness to lend assistance where he knew it was wanted; his delight to give praise where he thought it was deserved: his affectionate manners, his amiable disposition, and Zeal for their happiness which he manifested in the hours of retire- ment with the members of his family." " A much higher feature of his character than wit. was a fervent and unfeigned spirit of piety, cheerful but humble, unallied to any thing like fanaticism, and expressive of a deep dependence on the dispensations of Providence, traces of which are to be found 294 in the letters of his boyhood. . . . His moral character stood wholly unimpeached by any thing that approached to the name of vice." — I'RiOH. Of'rhe affecting incidents of "the inevitable hour*' which comes alike to all, the great and the obscure, the learned and the untaught, the man who feareth God and the man who feareth him not, — we have a graphic sketch by the friend of his bosom — Dr. French Laurence. The poet truly tells us, '' The chamber where the good man meets his fate Is privileged beyond the common walks of life," and we are assured upon higher authority, " that it is better to go to the house of mourning ^thau to the house of feasting ; for that is the end of all men, and the living will lay it to heart." Let us then in spirit contemplate to our profit the last earthly scene of the philosopher, the patriot, and the Christian : " His end was suited to the simple greatness of mind which he displayed through life, every way unaffected, without levity, with- out ostentation, full of natural grace and dignity ; he appeared neither to wish nor to dread, but patiently and placidly to await, the hour of his dissolution. He had been listening to some essays of Addison's, in which he ever took delight ; he had recommended himself, in many affectionate messages, to the remembrance of those absent friends whom he had never ceased to love; he had conversed some time with his accustomed force of thought and expression on the awful situation of his country, for the welfare of which his heart was interested to the very last beat; he h-id given with steady composure some private directions, in contem- plation of his approaching death; when, as his attendants were conveying him to his bed. he sunk down, and, after a short struggle, passed quietly and without a groan to eternal rest, in that mercy which he had just declared he had long sought with unfeigned humiliation, and to which he looked with a trembling hope!" In conformity with the directions of his will, he was buried in the church at Beaconsfield, in the same grave with his son and brother. Viewed in the light of the present age, how great is our admiration of that foresight which foretold, and that wis- dom which would have averted, the storms which menaced the peace and well-being of his country ! Impartial in his judgment, unswayed by every wind of political doctrine, because based upon the ruck of truth, he as zealously de- nounced that arbitrary power which oppressed the Ameri- can Colonies, as he rebuked that hurricane of fierce de- mocracy which swept the throne and the altar from France, and involved the Court and the Commonalty in a general ruin. Had his counsel been followed, Warren Hastings would have expiated his crimes on the scaffold, and the world would have lacked a ^Napoleon to illustrate the de- pravity of his race. Burke's jmblic labours present a con- tinuous struggle against the stupidity, the obstinacy, and the venality, of the politicians of his day. His life, there- fore, cannot be said to have been a happy one, for happi- ness dwells not amidst ceaseless vexations ; and no man can " possess his soul in peace" whose philanthropy stimu- lates him to the duty of enlightening the ignorant, reform- ing the vicious, and subduing the refractory. He does well; he acts nobly; he fulfils the end of his being; and if he have the spiritual prerequisites, many will be his consolations here, and great shall be his reward here- after. But let him not expect much either of gratitude or applause in this life : malice will censure, envy defame, rivalry decry, the noblest motives and the wisest acts. Yet posterity will do him justice; and generations yet un- born shall reverence his name, emulate his virtues, and follow in his steps. His "good name shall be an inherit- ance to his children's children," and the ''remembrance of the just shall be blessed !" Behold an instance of this noble advocacy of right, and its appreciation by an admiring posterity, in the philan- thropic labours of Edmund Burke, and the deep reverence with which his character is regarded in the present day I In the three principal questions which excited his inte- rest, and called fi-rth the most splendid displays of his elo- quence — the contest with the American Colonies, the im- peachment of Warren Hastings, ami the French Revolu- tion — we see displayed a philanthropy the most pure, illus- trated by a genius the most resplendent. In each of these cases he was the friend of the oppressed, the rebuker of the insolence of power, the excesses of petty tyranny, or the fierce ragings of a successful and unprincipled demo- cracy. He was ever the bold and uncompromising cham- pion of justice, mercy, and truth. When his own sovereign stretched forth the hand of despotic power to afflict a suf- fering nation, he forgot that "the king could do no wrong," and pointed his finger to a violated constitution and brokeu laws ! When a remorseless Verrcs ground to the earth, by his exactions and cruelty, a simple and con- fiding pe(>ple whoso rights and happiness he should have maintained and cherished, their cries entered into the BUR heart even of the oppressor's nation, and a greater than Cicero cited the offender to that nation's bar ! When the pestilential fever of an insane democracy broke out in France, and threatened to devour the nations, the High Priest of enlightened Liberty" stood between the living and the dead, and the plague was stayed !" So long as virtue shall be beloved, wisdom revered, or genius admired, so long will the memory of this illustri- ous exemplar of all be fresh in the world's history : for human nature has too much interest in the preservation of such a character, ever to permit the name of EuuUMD BuRKK to perish from the earth. Burke, James Henry. Days in the East; a Poem, Lon.. I,S12, 8vo. •■The stiUiKis of Jlr. Burke bt-sprak at once high feeling, a vi- gorous, cultivatfd iutelliyence, and a delicate poetic taste." — Lon. M,rint7-i l{,nilil. Biii-ke, John, M.D. The Morbus Niger, Lon.,1 77C,8vo. Burke. John, and Sir Bernard Burke, (for- merly John Bernard Burke,) father and son, to whom we arc indebted for a number of valuable works on Heraldry and Genealogy. They have written separately and conjointly. Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the ijritish Empire, by John Burke, r. 8vo ; 15th ed., 1S53; 20th ed., by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King-of- Arms, ISoS. ,, " The first authority in all questions affecting the aristocracy. — Lon. GUbe. The Extinct, Dormant, and Suspended Peerage, by J. B., 1840, 8vo. Portrait Gallery of the Female Nobility, by J. B., 2 vols. r. 8vo. Knightage of Great Britain, by John Bernard Burke, new ed.. 1841, ISmo. Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, by J. B. B., 2 vols. p. 8vo, new ed., 1851. " Mr. Burke has tiiven us tlie most curious incidents, the most stirring tales, aud the most remarkable circumstances connected with the histories, public and private, of ou r uuhle houses and aristo- cratic families. These stories, with all the reality of estal'lished iiict, read with as much spirit as the Tales of Boccaccio, and are as full of strange matter for reflection and amazement.'" — Biitannia. Armory of Great Britain and Ireland, by J. & J. B. B., r. 8vo, new ed., 1847. " The »'ork professes to concentrate in one volume the materials to be found In Gullllm, Edmondson. and Nlsbett, and to carry down its information to the present year: in that the authors have fully succeeded; but thev h.aTe done more : In addition to a Dictionary of Heraldry, the work may be designated a Dictionary of Famllv History ; for there Is hardly any house of note, whose origin and descent are not deduced, so far at least as to justify the adoption of the ensigns and quarterlugs which the family hears."' — Lon. Aaval and Miliiary 0<'!dte. It contains over 30.000 armorial bearings, and more than the matter of four 4to vols. Heraldic Illustrations, by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo, new ed., 1846. '• These are splendid volumes, comprising the armorial bearings of we know not how many auL-lent families, beautifully embla- zoned, and accompanied by brief pedigrees. The work is as curi- ous as It Is magnlflcent." — Lon. Lilerary GozitU. Royal Families of Great Britain, by J. k J. B. B., 2 vols, r. 8vo, ISol. Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, for 1853, containing particulars of upwards of 100,000 individuals, by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo ; new ed., by Sir B. B., Pts. 1-3, 1855-57. Sir Bernard Burke has also pub. Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, 1849-50, 4 vols. p. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1855, 3 vols. p. 8vo; Visitation of the Scats and Arms of Noblemen, 1852-55, 2 vols. r. 8vo ; Family Ro- mance, 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders' Kin, Pt, 1, 1855, r. 8vo ; and other works. Burke, John French. The Dispensing Chemist and Medical Pupil's Assistant, ISmo. Farming lor Ladies. The Muck Manuah Treatise ou British Husbandry, 2 vols. 8vo; with a Copious Supplement by Mr. Cuthbert W. John- son. The Supplement is pub. separately, under the title of Modern Agricultural Improvements, 8vo. Burke, Mrs. L. To tins lady we are indebted for a trans, of Madame Guizot's Moral 'Tales, Lon., 1852, 12mo. Burke, Peter. 1. Criminal Law and its Sentences, Lon., 1842, 4to; 2d ed., 1847, 12ino. 2. Law of Internat. Copyright, 1842, 12mo. 3. Treat, on the Law of Copy- right. Lit., Ac, 1S42, 12mo. 4. New Act on Small Debts, 1844, 12ino. 5. New County Court Acts; 2d ed., 1847, 12mo. 6. Celebrated Trials connected with the Aristo- cracy, 1848-51, 2 vols. 8vo. 7. Law of Internat. Copy- right between England and France, 1852, 12mo. 8. Supp. to Godson on Patents, A-c, 1851, 8vo : see GonsoN, Richard, M.P. 9. Patent-Law Amendment Act, 1852, Svo; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo. 10. Romance of the Forum. 1853, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d Ser.. 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 11. Public and Domestic Life of Edmund Burke, 1853, cr. Svo. BUll Burke, Richard. Charge to Grand Jury, 1798. Burke, 'I'hos. A., b. 1828, in Georgia. Polly Pea- blossom's Wedding, 12mo, Phila. Political Fortune Tel- ler, N. Y. Ac. Burke, Thomas T. Temora ; being specimens of an intended versification of the Poems of Ossian, 1818. Burke,W. The Armed Briton: a Play, ISOfi. Svo. Burke, William. Campaign of 1805 in tjcnnauy, Italy, Ac., 1806, Svo. South American Inde]ieiidenee, 1807, Svo. Emancipation of Spanish America. 1807. Svo. Burke, William. A Greek and English Derivative Dictionary, Lon., 1806, 12mo. Burke, William, M.D. Remarks on the Mineral Springs uf Virginia; 2d ed., Richmond, 1853. 12mo. Burke, Wni., Surgeon. Popular Compend. of Anat., Lon., 1804, 12mo. Intended to display the wisdom of the Deity as evinced in the construction of the human body. Burkhead, Henry, a merchant of Bristol, England, temp. Charles I. Cola's Fury, or Lcrinda's Misery ; a Tra- gedy, Kilken., 1646, 4to. The subject is the Irish re- bellion of October, 1641. " In it he has characterized all the principal persons concerned in the alTairs of that time, under feigned names."— Bioff. Dramat. Lerinda is an anagram from Ireland. Burkitt, William, 1650-1703, a native of Ilitchara, Northamptonshire ; admitted of Pembroke College, Cam- bridge, at 14 ; Vicar of Dedhaiu, Essex, 1692. Expository Notes, with Practical Observations, on the New Testament, 1739, fob; several editions; new edit., Lon., 1833, 2 vols. Svo. An abridgt. by Rev. Dr. Glasse, "the language modernized and improved," Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 4to. An abridgt. for the use of the poor, r. Svo. " He has many schemes of old .sermons; his sentiments vary in ,,'j different parts of his work, as the authors from whence he took ^ his materials were orthodox, or not."" — Da. Doddripoe. " Both pious aud practical, but not distinguished either by depth of learningor judgment,"'— Dr. Adam Cl.ikee, "This deservedly popular work does not profess to discuss cri- tical questions, but is very useful for the inferences it deduces from the sacred text."— T. H. HoENE. ,. , , "Many good suggestions on texts, generally evangelical ana very useful."— Bickerstetb. , „ „ " This is not a critical or in any respect a profound work.^ — ORME. Burkitt also wrote a Sermon, Discourse, Ac, 16S0-1705. Burlace, Edmund. See Boelace. Burleigh, J. B., for many years a teacher in Balti- more. The American Manual, Phila., 1848, 12mo; several edits. The Legislative Guide, Svo. The Thinker. Other school-books. Burleigh, Lord. See Cecil. Burleigh, Richard. Assize Sermon, 1777, 4to. Burleigh, William H., b. 1812, a native of Wood- stock, Conn., is a descendant on the mother's side of Gov. Bradford, and a grandson of a soldier of the American Rev. War. He has edited several journals, and written some exquisite poetry. " She hath gone in the Spring 'lime of Life," and "June," are among the best eifusions of the American Muse. For many years he contributed to the N. Yorker. In 1840 a volume of his poems was pub. in Phila. Buries, William. English Grammar. Lon„1652,12mo. Burley, or Burleigh, Walter, b. at Oxh.rd, 1275, the leader of the Nominalists, and principal opponent of the Seotists, bore the titles of Doctor Planus and Per- spicuus. He wrote some commentaries upon Aristotle, 1476, ful, ; Venet,, 1482, fol, Lilier de Vita ac Morihua Philosophorum Poetarumquo Vcterum, Ac., circa ann. 1470, 4to; an extremely scarce edition. For particulars of the editions of his writings, .see "Watt's Bil)l. Brit., and Brunei's Manuel du Libraire et de I'Amateur des Livres. Buriz, Thomas. A Combu-table Treatise, sent to all those who haue a longing desire for their saluation, and yet knowe not how to attain thereto by reason of the mischievous subtilitie of Sathan the arch enemy of man- kinde, Lon., Svo, si'»e tinuo. Burman, Charles. Autobiographies of Elias Ash- mole and William Lilly, Lon., 1717, "74, Svo. Burn, Lt. Colonel, of the R. A. Dictionary of Naval and Military Technical Words and Phr.ases, Eng- lish and French, French and English, Lon., c. Svo. ■■ I cannot conclude without acknowledging the great assistance I have derived In this work from the Naval and Military Techni- cal Dictionary by Capt. Burn, K, A. ; a book of reference to which I have never applied In vain,"' — Ekmenls of Kaval Architecture^ by J. E. Strange, thm. B. N. Burn, .\ndre\v, M.ajor-General in the Royal Ma- rines, d, 1814, a native of Scotland. The Christian Officer's Complete Armour, 2d ed,. Lon,, 1806, 12mo: recommended by Sir R, Hill, Who fares best, the Christian or the Man of the World? 1789, Svo. Two Witnesses, 1812, Svo. BUR BUR Burn, Edward, Letters and Reply to Dr. Priestly, 1790, '92, 8vo. Pastoral Hints, 1801, 8vo. A Sermon, 1806, 8vo. Burn, John. English Grammar, Glasg., 1766, 12mo. Burn, John, son of Richard Burn, (vide post.) A New Law Dictionary, by Richard Burn, LL.D.. continued to the present time, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. The Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer, by R. B., ISth edit., 1797- ISOO. 4 vols. 8vo. Appendix to 17th edit., 1795, 8vo. Burn, John Ilderton. Treatises on Insurances, 1801, 12mo. Stock Jobbing, &c., 1803/04, '05, 8vo. Burn, John Southerden. Livres des Auglois a Geneve, Lon., 1831, 8vo. History of the Pleet Marriages; 2d edit., Lon., 1834, 8vo. Burn, Richard, LL.D., 1720-1785, Chancellor of the Diocese of Carlisle, a native of Wiuton, Westmoreland, educated at Queen's College, Osfortl, was rectnr of Orton for 49 years. Justice of the Peace and Parii-h Officer, Lon., 1755, 2 vols. 8vo. The 29th edit., by M. B. Bere and T. Chitty, was prib. Lon.. 1845, 6 vols. 8vo ; Pupplet. to 1852. l)y E. "Wise, 1852, 8vo. Ecclesiastical Law, Lon., 1760, 2 vols. 4to : 9th edit., enlarged by R. Phillimore, Lon., 1842,4 vol. 8vo. " Blackstone in his Commentaries mentions it as one of the very few publications on the subject of Ecclesiastical Law on which the reader can rely with certainty." New Militia Law, 1762, 12mo. History of Poor Laws, with Observations, 1764, 8vo. " One of the best publications that has appeared on the poor laws."— J. R. McCuLi.ocH. History and Antiquities of Westmoreland and Cumber- land, in conjunction with Joseph Nicolson, Lon., 1771-77, 2 vol. 4to. Discourses, selected and original, 1774, 4 vol. 8vo. '■ A book to which younp; divines may. with preat adviintape. apply for models of a strong, manly, dignified pulpit eloquence." • — Bldckatrme^s Chmmoitait'i-s. 9th edit., 1783, 4 vols. Svo. New Law Dictionary. See Burn, .John. Burn, sometimes Burne, q. v. Burnaby, Andrew, D.D., 1732-1812. a native of Ashfordy, Leicestershire, was educated at Westminster School, and Queen's College, Cambriilge; B. A., 1754; M. A., 1757: Vicar of Greenwich, 1769: Archdeacon of Leicester. I7S6. Travels through the Middle Settlements of N. America. 1759, '60, Lon., 1775, 4to. Sermons and Charge >^ : varioiis date?, repub. in 1 vol. 8vo, 1805. "Highly praised and valued both for matter and manner." A Journal of a Tour to Corsica in 1766, &c., 1804. Burnaby, E. A. The Question, Has the House of Commons a right of Committal to Prison or not? Con- sidered, 1810, 8vo. Bnrnap, George W., D.B., h. 1802. Merrimack, N.H. ; grad. Harvard Coll., 1824: in 1827. succeeded Dr, Sparks in the First Unitarian Church, Baltimore. 1. Lec- tures on the Doctrines of Controversy between Unitarians and other Denominations of Christians. 1835. 2. On the Sphere and Duties of Women. Bait. 1849, 12mo. 3. Lec- tures to Young Men on the Cultiration of the Mind, the Formation of Character, and the Conduct of Life, Bait., 12mo, and Lon., r. 8vo. " We do not know of any work on the same subject of equal ex- cellence." — Lon. Ai- tain the kindness of one who loves virtue and learning as you love thiMH."' On the same occasion, he invokes the good offices of Dr. Edwards in behalf of Burney : *' The bearer. Dr. Burney. has had some account of a Welsh manuscript in tbi^ Bodleian library, from which he hopes to gain some mat^M-ials for his History of Music; but being ignorant of the language, is at a loss where to find assistance. I make no doubt but you, sir. can help him throm;h his difficulties, and. therefore, take the liberty of recommending him to your favour, as I am sure you will find him a man worthy of every civility that can be shown, and every benefit that can be conferred." See Bos- Well's Life of Johnson. The energy and industry with which Burney pur.?ued hi.s laborious undertaking, merit warm comuiendation. The four massive volumes were the product, he tells us, "of moments stolen from sleep, from reflection, and from an occupation which required all the author's attention during more than twelve hours a day, for a great part of the year." See preface to the General History of Music. The Commemoration of Handel was celebrated at West- minster Abbey in 1782, and at the request of the Earl of Sandwich, Burney drew up a history of this occurrence, entitled An Account of the Musical Performances in West- minster Abbey and the Pantheon, in Commemoration of Handel, Lon., 1785, 4to. In 1789 his distinguished friend, Edmund Burke, procured for him the situation of organist of Chelsea College. In 1796 he pub. his Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Abbot Metastasio, with trans, of his Letters, 3 vols. 8vo. This was a subject in which the doctor took a deep interest: he writes to his daughter Fanny, Madame D'Arblay, May 7, 1795 : " I am hallooed on prodigiously in my Metastasio mania. All the critics — Warton. Twining. Nares. and Dr. Charles — say that his Estrattn t.tica d'Arist"tilr, whicli I am now translat- ing, is the best piece of dramatic criticism that has ever been written. 'Bless my heart!' says Warton; ' I, that have been all my life defending the three unities, am overset.' ' Ay.' quoth I. ' has not he made you all ashamed of 'em? You learned folks are only theorists in theatrical matters, but Metastasio had sixty years' successful practice. There ! Oo to.' " — Diary and Letters of Mtifiiime d'Arhhiy, vol. vj. 36; at p. 98 see reference to his Poetical History of Astronomy. The work was well received : " Let it not be a reproach to our estimable biographer, that he has described with the voluminous gravity of history, a group of poets, singers, actors, and musicians. It is well that a work of this kind should make its appearance. . . . The amusers of our leisure, the artists of our pleasure.s. may justly be ranked among the benefactors of society. Let it belong, then, to the muse of feme, to elevate monuments over their remains, and to strew tlowers on their grave, in token of grateful remembrance." — Monthly BevifV). 1796. In Phil. Trans.. 1779. will be found the doctor's Account of an Infant Musician. He contributed to Rees's Cyclo- pa?dia almost all the musical articles, for which he re- ceived £1000, Dr. Burney was a familiar associate of the most distinguished literary gentlemen of his time. Of his children, James rose to the rank of admiral, Charles was one of the most celebrated Hellenists of his age, and two of his daughters. Frances (Madame D'Arblay) and Sarah Harriet, were novelists. These will all be noticed in their order. In ls06 Dr. B. was granted a pension of £300, and in 1810 he was elected a. member of the Institute of France. Mr. Jlacaulay justly blames Dr. Burney for causing his daughter Frances to prolong her servitude at Court as Keeper of the Robes : " His veneration for mvalty amounted, in truth, to idolatry. It can be conij)aiid 'inly tu tin- L'rmvlling superstition of those Syrian devotees will I iiiaiii' \\u-\r iliiMrrn pass through the fire to Moloch." Read this adniiraMr ski't'li. — ■'■ Mai lame d'Arl'lay," in Edin. Re- view, January. 184^. and in Macaulay's Miscellanies. In his general character, however, " Dr. Burney was exemplary in all the relations of life ; and his manners were said to possess all the graces of the Chesterfield school, without any of its formality, or vicious alloy nf moral and religious laxity. ... As a composer, his merits and claims are unquestionably high." The commendation of Sir William Jones is one of which any one might, indeed, be proud : " Dr. Burney gave dignity to the character nf the modern musi- cian, by joining to it that of the scholar and philosopher." Burney, Charles, Jr., D.D., 17o7-1817, a son of the preceding, was a native of Lynn, Norfolk. He went to the Charter-house in 1768, and from thence to Cains College. Cambridge : he i)roeeeded M.A. in 1781: LL.D. at Aberdeen in 1792: D.D. at Cambridge in 1808. Ho was for some time engaged in an academy at Highgate, and afterwards became a.^^sistant to Dr. Rose, the transla- tor of Sallust. at Chiswick, whose daughter he mamed in 1788. He was from 1 78."^ to 1800 a contributor of classical articles to tho Monthly Review, and for two or three years was editor of the London Magazine. His dissertation in the Monthly Review on Porson's Hecuba, and Wakefield's Diatribe, was received with great respect by Hermann, Gaisford, and other eminent Grecians. Appendix ad Lexicon Gr. Lat. a Scapula, etc., 1789, 8vo : from some pa- pers formerly in A.skew's possession. Appendi.\, contain- ing Remarks on the Greek Verses of Milton, at the end of J. Warton's edit, of Milton's Minor Poems, 1791, 8vo. Richardii Bentleii et Doctorum Virorum Epistolae, 1807, 4to. Of this beautiful work only 200 copies were printed for private circulation. Copies have sold as high as ten guineas. Friedemann reprinted it at Leipsic in 1825. Tentamen dc Metris ab Eschylo in Choricis Cantibus ad- BUR BUR hibitus, 1809, 8vo. It is superfluous tn call the attention of the wcninfnrined scholar to so s<'h(thirliko a work. '•I'rofrmiid si-linhiisliip is here united with sm in wh useful plain- ness of instniitinii, that we earnestly nvtiniiTifTiil tiui Tentamen to the upper forms in our great seminaries of learning, and to our young mon who are perusing the Lyric compositions of Ancient Greece at the uniTersitics." — Lon. Monthbj Review. Bishop Pearson's Exposition of the Creed, ahrid^erl, for the Use of young Persons, 1810, 8vo; 2d edit. 1812, 12mo. Philemonis Lexicon Technologicum etc. c Biblioth. Pa- risiens. Lon., 1812, 4to and Svo. ''Philemon lived about the ninth century. The Lexicon of which Villoisin has spoken in such high terms of approltntion, and of which Ruhnken had given some extracts, is at len-.-th jmlilished for the first time by Dr. Charles Burney, from the -MS. in tlie \a- tional Library at Paris. All the learned are aware how much this important Glossary was treasured by the early grammarians. We are under great obligations to the editor for so valuable an ac- cession to classical literature." So discourses the Museum Criticum, but Bast calls at- tention to the lact that the whole of this work had ori- ginally appeared in the Lexicon of Plavorinus. Osann reprinted it at Berlin in 1821. Its value is not so unques- tionable as the Museum Criticum would have us believe. Sermon preached at the Anniversary Meeting of the Stewards of the Sons of the Clergy, at St. Paul's, May 14th, 1812; Lon., 1813, 4to. The list of the Greek writers in Harris's excellent Catalogue of the Lil)rary of the Royal Institution, was drawn up by Dr. Burney. •■ Dr. Charles Burney acquaints Mr. Harris th;it he iln-w up the classical catalogue with a view to its being prhit>-d, wh-ih' and en- tire. As there is no list of Greek books so anii)le. lu- still thinks that its publication might be of service to the sale of the R. I. Catalogue; but readily submits the matter to the decision of the patrons." — Greemvich, March 3, 1809. Consequently the list was pub. in the 2d edit, of the Catalogue, Lon., 1821, r. Svo. Let the Bidlioguaphical student procure it without delay. Burney, Charles Parr, M.D., Archdeacon of Col- chester, and Rector of Wickham. Sermon oa 2 Cor. iii. 5 Consecration of a Bishop, Lon., 1816, 4to. Burney, Frances. See B'Arblay. Madame. Burney, James, Rear-Admiral of the British navy, 1('39-1S21, son of Charles Burney, Mus. Doc, performed two voyages of discovery with Captain Cook, being first lieutenant in Cook's third voyage. On Cook's death he acted as captain, and brought the " Di.scovery" home. At the request of his friend. Sir Joseph Banks, he undertook to compile a Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea, or Pacific Ocean; with a History of the Buccaneers of America; this work was pub. Lon., 1803- 17, with maps and charts, in 5 vols. Ito. *' This digest comprehends all the voyages in the South Pea. to the reign of George TTI.; Ilawkesworth's acmimt nfConU's First Voyage following without any chasm, as an itiiiiiiili:ili* si'iiuel." Mr. Stevenson, referring to this work and Dalrymple's Collection, remarks : '•Both these works are by men qualified by science, learning, research, and devotedness to their object, to perfonn well what they undertook on any subject connected with geography and disco- very." — Hi.sloT-ical Sketch, etc. " Burney's is a masterly digest of Voyages in the South Sea, dis- playing a rare union of nautical skill, and literary research." — Lon. Quarierb/ Review. '• L'introduction renferme une relation succinte de toutes les decouvertes faites avant le voyage de Magellan. L'auteur a coa- sulte et compare k cet etfet toutes les relations qui nous restent sur ces d^couvertes; mais en general, il a suivi celles de FS'in-ara et de PiLrafetta." Voyez Bibliothfeque tiniverselle des Voyages. Ac, par G. Boucher de la Richarderie. A Paris. 1808, 6 vols. Svo. Chronological History of North-Eastern Voyages of Discovery, and of the early Eastern Navigations of the Russians, 1319, Svo. Plan of Defence against Invasiim, 1796, 4to. Measures recommended for the Support of Public Credit, 1797, 4to. The Burneys were all favourites of Dr. Johnson. We have seen {ante) how much interest ho ftlt in the father's success. It is pleasing to see the following evidence that his regard was continued to the son : he refers to Captain Burney's appointment to the ** Bristol," in 1781: '■ I am willing to hear, however, that there is happiness in the world, and delighted to think on the pleasure diffused among the Burneys. I riuestion if any ship upon the ocean goes out with more good wishes than that which carries the fate of Burney.'' — Letter to Mrs. Tfiralf. Burney, Richard, Rector of St. Peter's, Canterbury. King Charles the Second presented to the Houses of Par- liament in their next Session as Strength, Honour, and Peace of the Nations j delivered in eight sermons, Lon., (1660,) 4to. "Written in a vaunting and bombast style." — Lowndes. Burney, Sarah Harriet, half-sister to Frances Burney, was also a novelist, but not so fortunate in gain- ing the public attention. Geraldine Fauconberg ; a Novel, 1808, 3 vols. 12mo. The Wanderer, or Female Difficulties, 1814, 5 vols. 12mo. The Shipwreck; being vol. i. of the Talcs of the Fancy, 1815, 12nio. Traits of Nature; a Novel, 1812, 4 vols.; 2d edit., LS12, 5 vols. 12mo. " We have before remarked that tngether with family talents, we discern a family likeness in this lady's productions : and the same idea is excited by the volumes before us. In particular, the he- roine, Adela, strikes us as bearing a resemblance to Evdina, in character and situation." — Xoh. Monthly Review, IS13. "This lady has copied the style of her relative, but has not her rafiness of humour, or power of painting the varieties of the hu- man spi-cies." — Chdinhcrs's C'/chp(viiia of Enr/. Lit. Buruey, William, LL.D., 1762-1832. Master of the Royal Academy, Gosport. The Naval Heroes of (_!reat Britain, 1806, 12mo. The British Neptune. 1806, 12mo. A New Universal Dictionary for the Marine, enlarged from Falconer, 1815, 4to. Falconer's work was pub. 1769, and in 1771, '80, and 'SO, 4to. Burnham, R. G,, an American author. Cancelling Arithmetic. Arithmetic for Common Schools and Acade- mies. Part I, Mental Arithmetic. ''The philosophy of the modo of teaching adopted in this work is: Commence where the child commences, and proceed as the child proceeds: fall in with his own mode of arriving at truth; aid him to think for himself, and do not the thinking for him." Part Second, Written Arithmetic. "It is the result of a Inng experience in teaching, and contains suflicient of arithmetic for the practical business purposes of life." Burnham, Richard. Pious Memorials; or, the Power of Religion upon the Mind in Sickness and at Death, Lon., 1753, 8vo, and 1S20. Svo ; pub.by Mr. Burdcr. In the preface to this work will be found some u.-^eful anecdotes and devout reflections by Mr. Hervey, author of the Meditations, &c. Burns, Allan, a native of Glasgow, and a teacher of anatomy and surgery. Observations on Diseases of the Heart. Illustrated by Cases, Edin., 1809, Svo. Obs. on the Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck, 1812, Svo. Burns, Arthur. Method of Surveying, Chester, 1771, Svo. Burns, Jabez, D.D. The Parables and Miracles of Jesus Christ. Lon., 12mo. " An admirable volume, full of the loftiest truths and the most valualile deductions and applications." — Lou. Spfcta/or. 400 Sketches and Skeletons of Sermons, 4 vols. 12mo; ditto for Special Occasions, 1 vol. 12mo. "The author is a man of the right stamp; watching for souls as one that must give account." — Rrvivalist. Light for the House of Mourning: a Book for the Be- reaved. Light for the Sick Room: a Book for the Afflicted. " An excellent book for the invalid's chamber." — Lon. Baptist Mngazine. "A treatise benevolently conceived, powerfully written, and well adapted to answer the ends for which it has been composed." — Lnn. Mnminfj Herald. Other religious works. Burns, John, M.D., Regius Professor of Surgery in the University of Glasgow. The Principles of Surgery, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. " A very comprehensive treatise on the principles and practice of surgery." — Lon. M-^dico-Ghirurgical Review. Principles of Midwifery ; 10th edit, enlarged, 1843, Svo. Treatment of Diseases of Women and Children, Svo. Guide to Health, 12mo. Principles of Christian Philosophy, 6th edit, 1846, 12mo. Christian Fragments, or Remarks on the Nature, Precepts, and Comforts of Religion, 1844, f. Svo. *■ We recomnu-nd this volume with sincere pleasure to our read- ers as an admirable manual of devotiou, and a safe companion in seasons of distress." — Lrm. Athenceum. Other professional works. Burns, Robert, b. January 25, 1759, d. July 21. 17915, was a native of the Parish of AUoway, near Ayr, Scotland. His father, a small farmer, sent him to the county .'ichool in the neighbourhood, where he acquired a knowledge of the English branches, to which he subse- quently adiled a limited acquaintance with Latin, French, and geometry. Ho eagerly devoured all the books which fell in his way, and Guthrie's Grammar, the Gardener's Directory, and Ilervey's Meditations, engrossed the time spared from the Seasons of Thomson and the Plays of I Shakspeare. When about 16 he " first committed," to u.«e 1 his own phraseology, "the sin of rhyme." His powers were first awakened, as is usually the case with young poets, by an affair of the heart. In essaying the accents of affection, his muse found its voice, and the gift once discovered was not Hkely to be disregarded. His poems circulated in manuscript through the ci>nntry, and were much admired by his rural readers, and ho had no incon- siderable fame as a poet, when some friends persuaded him to publish a volume in order to defray his expenses to Jamaica, where he hoped to obtain a situation as overseer on a plantation. His first project had been emigration to 301 BUR the tTnited States. Accordingly the volume was pub, in 17S6, 8vo, at Kilmarnock, and met with great success, the 600 copies resulting in a profit of £20, which was a small fortune to the young author. Burns now engaged his passage, embraced his friends, and sent his chest to Greenock to be placed on board a vessel bound for Ja- maica, when he received through a letter to a friend, an imvitation from Dr. Blacklock to visit Edinburgh. It was accepted, for — remarks Burns — " His opinion that I would meet with encourajrement in Edin- Ijur^h for a second edition of my poems, tired me so much, that away I posted for that city, without a single acquaiut.auce, or a single letter of introduction." He was greatly admired in Edinburgh. Dr. Robertson, Dugald Stewart, Henry Mackenzie, and other men of note, felt a pleasure in drawing .admiring crowds round the rustic poet, whose conversational abilities struck his auditors with as much surprise as they had experienced from the perusal of his verses. " It needs no effort of imairination to conceive what the sensa- tions of an isolated set of scholars (almost all either clergymen or professors) must have l:ieen in the presence of this big-boned, black- browed, brawny stranger, with his great flashing eyes, who having forced liis way among them from the plough-tail, at a single stride, manifested in the wbole strain of his bearing and conver.s.ation, a most thorough conviction that in the society of the most eminent men of his nation, he was exactly where he was entitled to be ; hardly deigned to flatter them by e.xhibiting even an occasional symptom of being flattered by their notice: by turns calmly mea- sured himself against the most cultivated understandings of his tiaie, in discussion ; overpowered the 1>on vujtf: of the most celebrated conTivi.alists by bruiid floods of merriment, impregnated with all the burning litV of g,-nius ; astounded bosoms habitually enveloped in the thricL-piled folds of social reserve, by compelling them to tremble — nay to tremble visibly — iieneath the fearless touch of natural pathos." — Lockhart. The Bishop of Aberdeen, whom Burns visited when in that city not long after, gives us a high opinion of the poet's power of interesting hia new friends: ■' As to his personal appearance, it is very much in his favour. He is a genteel-looking young man. of good address, and t.alks with as much propriety as if he had received an academical education. He lias, indeed, a flow of language, and seems never at a loss to express himself in the strongest and most nervous manner. On my quoting with surprise, some sentiments of the Ayrshire plmu- vinn. ' Well.' said he. ' and a plowman I was from my youth, and till within these two years had my shoes studded with a hundred tackets. But even then I was a reader, and h.ad very e.irly made all the Knglish poets famili.ar to me. not forgetting the old bards of the best of all the poetical books, the Old Testament.'"— Bis/iop ,Sh-i/in€r's LefUr to Ids snn. A second edition of his poems was pub. at Edinburgh in 1787, 2 vols. 8vo; the immediate profit of which, includ- ing copyright and subscriptions, was £700, and a further sum was subsequently received by the successful author. This large receipt in a day of comparatively few readers, is to be attributed to the fact that many sub.«cribers volun- tarily paid one and two guineas per copy, instead of the sis shillings required. The 2800 copies were subscribed for by 1500 individu.als. At Edinburgh Burns unfortu- nately acquired those habits of intemperance and associa- tion with the profligate which proved his bane. He returned in 1788 to Ayrshire, appropriated £200 of his fortune to the relief of his aged mother and his brother, and married Jean Armour, (his "Bonny Jean,") an old acquaintance, the daughter of a mason in Mauchlin. His first love, " Highland Mary," (Mary Campbell.) fell a victim to a ma- lignant fever when making preparations for her marriage to our poet. Ho commemorated her in his touching elegy '* To Mary in Heaven," in language which will outlast the sculptured marlde and storied urn of the noljle's tomb. By means of the mistaken friendship of Dr. Wood, Burns was appointed an e-vciseman or ganger, (worth £70 per annum,) which threw into the way of temptation an :ippctite already soliciting the excitement of the intoxicating bowl. A be- nevolent gentleman, Mr. Peter Millar, leased him the farm of Ellisland, on the banks of the Nith, in Dumfriesshire, on very advantageous terms, and he had every encourage- ment to lead a virtuous life, relieving agricultural toil by converse with the muse ; but intemperance had now become a confirmed habit, and rendered him an easy prey to a fever which carried him off at the early age of thirty-seven years and six months. He had removed to the town of Dumfries in 1791. In 1792 he contributed to A Select Collection of original Scottish Airs for the Voice, all the songs which form vol. 3d of the edit, of his works in 'i vols. 1 2mo. He pub. a third edit, of his poems at Dumfries in 1793. He also contributed to, we may almost say edited, Mr. J.ames John- eon's Scots' Musical Museum, pub. in 6 vols., 1787-1803; in 1839 a new edit., with Notes and Illustrations, was pub. An ed. of Burns's works was pub. in 1798, 2 vols. Svo. Works, wiih Life and Criticisms, &c., by James Currie, Liverp., 1800, 4 vols. 8vo; several edits. Bcliqucs, Letters, Ac, by 303 BUR R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1808. 8vo. Select Scottish Songs, by R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. Svo. Works, 5 vols. Svo. Poems ascribed to Robert Burns, Glasg., 1801, 8vo : this vol. contains some pieces omitted by Currie, who left out many exceptionable ones. Letters addressed to Clarinda, Glasg., 1802, 12mo. This vol. was suppressed. Heron's Memoirs of the Life of Burns, Edin., 1797, 8vo. Views in North Britain, to illustrate the Poems of Burns, by Storer and Greig, 1805, 4to. Poems, with Life, Remarks on his writings, ic, 1811, 2 vols. Svo; this edit, contains many poems and letters not in Carrie's collection. A Critique on the Poems of Burns, 1812, Svo. Review of the Life of Burns, by Alex. Peterkin, Edin., 1S15, Svo. A Letter rela- tive to Currie's edit, of Burns, by 'William Wordsworth, 1816, Svo. The Poems and Songs of Bums, by the Rev Hamilton Paul, Glasg., 1S19. Works of Burns, by his brother Gilbert Burns, 1S20, 4 vols. Svo. A Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns, 1822, Svo. A Series of Illustrations of the Poems of Burns, by W. Kidd. The Life of Burns, by J. G. Lockhart, Edin.. 182S. Svo; 5th edit., Lon., 1847, fp. Svo. Life and Works of Burns, by Robert Chambers, 1857, 4 vols. Svo. Up to the present year (1858) perhaps 115 edits, have been issued in all ! The illustrated edition by Blackio A Son, Edin., 2 vols. r. Svo, preceded by Prof. Wilson's Essay on the Genius and Character of Burns, and Dr. Currie's Memoir of the Poet, with Notes and Literary and Pictorial Hlustrations, has met with great favour. " It is all that the admirers of the national Poet can desire ; com- plete, accurate, and handsome."— i'^n. MonUily Beview. "The Illustrations are executed in the first style of art. and the typographical department of the work cannot be surpassed." — ion. AtUis. Allan Cunningham's edition, (pub. by Henry 6. Bohn,) with Life by A. C. and Notes by Sir Walter Scott, Thomas Campbell, Wordsworth, and Lockhart, 1S47, contains 160 pieces more than are to be found in Currie's edition. Mr. Bohn's edit, contains 848 pages, whereas one pub. in similar shape professing to be " the only complete edition," contains but 504 pages, the matter being two-thirds only of Bohn's edit. In the latter the life by Cunningham fills 164 pp. ; whilst in the former it is abridged and comprised in 47 pages. It is an interesting fact that within a year from the publication of Burns's Poems in Edinburgh, 1787, two editions were pub. in the United States, viz. : in New York and in Philadelphia, 178S. The melancholy story of Burns adds another to the dark catalogue of the victims of the arch-demon Intemperance. When will men learn to shun all companionship with that fell enemy which " steals away the brains." destroys the peace, and blasts the reputation, and effectually ruins the bodies and souls of its votaries? We conclude with some brief extr.act5 from opinions on this distinguished son of song: '■ Burns is by far the greatest poet that ever sprung from the bo- som of the people and lived and died in an humble condition. Indeed, no country in the world but Scotland could have produced such a man: aud'he will be forever regarded as the glorious reprt- sentative of the genius of his country. He was born a poet, if ever man was. and to his nativi- g.niu.< alone is owing the perpe- tuity of his fame. For he manil.-stly bad never deeply studied poetry asan art. nor reasoned much about its principles, nor looked abroad into the wide ken of intellect for objects and subjects on which to pour out his inspiration The strings of his lyre some- times yield their finest musictothe sighsof remorse or repentance. ■Whatever, therefore, be the faults or defects of the poetry of Burns —and no doubt it has many- it has. beyond all that was ever writ- ten, this greatest of all merits, intense, life-pervading, and lili?- hreathiug truth."— Prof. Wilson's iSsay on the Genius and Clmradcf of Burns. ,,,,., ± " All tliat remains of Burns, the writings he has left, seem to us no more than a poor mutilated fraction of what was in him ; brief, broken glimpses of a genius that could never show itself com- plete; that wanted all things ti>r completeness: culture, leisure, true etTort. nay, even length of life. His poems are, with scarcely any exception", mere occasional effusions, poured forth with little premeditation, expressing, by such means as offered, the passion, opinion, or humour of the hour. Never in one instance was it permitted to gr.apple with any sul)ject with the full collection of his strength, to fuse and mould it in the concentrated fire of his genius. To try by the strict rules of art such imperfect frag- ments, would be a't once unprofitable and unfair. Nevertheless, there is something in these poems, marred and defective as they are. which forbids the most fastidious student of poetry to pass them by. . . . Theexcellenceof Burns is. indeed, among the rarest, whether in poetry or prose; but. at the same time, it is plain, and easily recognised— his indisputable air of truth."— TnoM.is Caeltu; : EiHu. RrvieWy xlviii. 273. "The rank of Burns is the very first of his art."— Loan BvaoN. "The life of the poor peasant is very interesting. His letters are very extraordinary. Some of the additional songs [pub, in Currie's edit.] are much more perfect than his compositions pub- lished during his life: and there are some which I cannot help numbering amongst the happiest productions of human genius. . — Sir .lAMES .Mackixtosr. " He has in all his compositions great force of conception, and BUR great spirit, and animation in its expression. He has taken a larpe lan^e throu^ti the rej^ion of Fancy, and naturalized himself in almost atl her climates. lie has great humour, — great powei-s of description, — great pathos, — and great discrimination of character. Almost everything that he says has spirit and originahty: and every thing that he says well is characterized by a ch.arming fa- cility, which gives a grace even to occasional rudeness, and com- municates to the reader a delightful sympathy with the spontane- ous soaring and inspiration of the poet," — Lord Jeffrey. "Burns was in truth the child of passion and feeling. His character was not simply that of a peasant e.xalted into notice by uncommon literary attainments, but bore a stamp which mus"t have distinguished him in the highest as in the lowest situation of life. . . . When his soul was intent on suiting a javourite air with words humorous or tender, as the subject demanded, no poet of our tongue ever displayed higher skill in marrying melody to Immortal verse." — Lon. Quarterly Rcmiw, i. 32. "The prose works of Burns consist almost entirely of his letters. They bear, as well as his poetry, the ,seal and impress of his ge- nius: but they contain much more bad taste, and are written with far more app.arent labour. His Poetry was almost all written pri- marily from feeling, and only secondarily from ambition. His letters seem to have been nearly all composed as exercises and for display," " We are yet living under the moral influence of Burns, and are unaware of all the fruit it may ripen; we see his breathing and vivifying spirit everywhere abroad. Not only is it manifest in the philosophy of Wordsworth, in the glorious lyrics of Campbell, in the patriotic melodies of Moore: but wherever, in the vast and crowded haunts of labour and tiadc, the humble artisan feels the sense of his own dignity — burns with the desire of the beautiful — is haunted with the dreams of knowledge, — gathers up the daisy from the ploughshare, and estimates at their true distinctions of value the ' guinea stamp,' and the'gowd' — there, yet glows, ele- vates, and inspires the royal and gentle spirit,with its lion courjlge and dove-like tenderness,of Kobert Burns," — Edin. Review. " As a poet Burns stands in the front rank. Ills conceptions are all original ; his thoughts are new and weighty: his style un- borrowed ; and he owes no honour to the subjects which his muse selected; for they are ordinary, and such as would have tempted no poet, save himself, to sing about, AH he has written is distin- guished by a happy carelessness; a flue elasticity of spirit: and a singular felicity of expression: — by the ardour of an impassioned heart, and the vieour of a clear understanding. His language is familiar, yet dignified ; careless, yet concise ; he sheds a redeeming light on all he touches; whatever his eye glances on rises into life and beauty. Of Beauty itself he has written with more fervour and inspiration tb.an all other modern poets put together; the compliments he p,ays are destined to live while we have loveliness in the Land. He is the poet of freedom as well as of beauty; his song of the Bruce, his ' Man's a man for a' that,' and others of the same mark, will endure while the language lasts He owes nothing to the poetry of other lands— he is the offspring of the soil_: he is as natural to Scotland as the heath is to her hills: his variety is equal to his originality; his humour, his gayety, his tenderness, and his pathos, come all in a breath : they come freely, for they come of their own accord : the contrast is never offensive ; the comic slides easily into the serious, the serious into the tender! and the tender into the p.athetic." — All.^n CnNNTxc!H.lM. Burns, Robert, son of the preceding. The Cale- donian Musical Museum, a Complete Vocal Library, 1809, 12mo. Burns, Robert, one of the ministers of Paisley. Letter to Rev. Dr. Chalmers on the Protestant and Roman Catholic Religions. Paisley, 1818, 8vo, Hist, Dissert, on the Law and Practice of Great Britain, and particularly of Scotland, with regard to the Poor, 2d edit,, Edin,,lS19, 8vo. " Hardly worth notice, the useful matter being of limited amount, and buried under a load of irrelevant rubbish."— 3/cCV;&cA"5 Lit. of Ptilit. Ecmimni/. Burns, Thomas. Sermons on the Fast, 1803, 8to. Burns, Wm. Tendency of Methodism, 2 pts., 1810-12. Burnside, A, W. Catechism on the Common Prayer, Lon.. IS).'). 12mo. Burnside, R. The Fruits of the Spirit, 1805, 8to. Burnside, Robert. Eeligiou of Mankind, Lon., 1810, 2 vols, 8yo, ' Burnyeat, John. Truth E.^alted in the Writings of that Eminent and Faithful servant, J. Burnyeat, 1691, 4to, Burr, Aaron, 1714-1757, an eminent divine, and se- cond President of the College of New .Jersey, was a native of Fairfield, Connecticut, a descendant of the Rer. Jona- than Burr of Suffolk, England, for 18 years a minister at Dorchester, Mas.sachusetts. Aaron Burr married in 1752 a daughter of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, (his suc- cessor in the Presidency of the College,) by whom he h.id two children, viz, Aaron, late Vice-President of the United States, and a daughter, who was married to Judge Reeve Mr, Burr was one of the principal founders of the College oyer which he was, in 17-tS, upon the death of Jonathan Dickinson, called to preside. The charter, which had never been carried into operation, was hy Mr. Burr's in- fluence enlarged by Governor Belcher, Oct. 22, 1746,'and .Jonathan Dickinson was appointed President. The insti- tution was first established at Elizabeth town, then removed to Newark, and in 1757 to Princeton, The first commence- ment was in 1748, when si.'c young men graduated, five of whom became ministers. See Dicki.nson, .Jonathan. BUR Mr. Burr pub. 1. A Treatise entitled The Supreme Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ maintained, in a Letter to the dedication of Mr, Emlyu's Inquiry; this was reprinted in 1791. 2. A Fast Sermon on account of the encroachments of the French, Jan. 1, 1755, .3, The Watchman's Answer to the Question, "What of the Night ?" a sermon, 1756. 4. A Funeral Sermon on Governor Belcher, 1757. "This was preached but a few days before his own death; and his exertions, in a very feeble state of health, to honour the me- mory of a highly respected friend, it is thought, accelerated that event.' .See Livingston's Funeral Elog. ; Smith's Serm., and pref to Burr's Serm, on Belcher; Miller, ii. 345; Edw-ards's Life, app ■ Green's Disc, 300-313 ; Savage's Winthrop, xi. 22; Allen's Amer Biog. Diet. Burr, Colonel Aaron, 1756-1836, Vice-President of the U. States, 1801-05, was a ,son of the preceding. The Private Journal of Aaron Burr during his residence of four years in Europe, with Selections from his Corre- spondence, by Matthew L. Daris, N, York, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. Memoirs of Aaron Burr, with Selections from his Correspondence, by Matthew L. Davis, 1837, '38, 2 vols, 8vo, Life of Aaron Burr, by Saml, L, Knapp, 1835, 12mo, Life and Times of Aaron Burr, by J, Parton, N,Y., 1858, 8vo. Burr, G. D. Instructions iu Practical Surveying, Lon., 1846; 2d cd., p, 8vo : for the use of young officers, civil and military engineers, architects, &e. It is used at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Burr, Mrs. Higford. Sketches in Spain, The Holy Land, Egypt, Turkey, and Greece, 14 fine plates, Lon., 1841, imp, Iblio. These plates are beautifully coloured in imitation of the original drawings: pub, at six guineas. Burr, Thomas Benge. History of Tunbridge Wells, Lon,, 1776, 8vo, "A book of considerable merit, though written by a Journey- man Bookseller." — W.\tt. "A well-written and entertaining work." — Lowndes. Burrel, Alexander. Assize Sermon, 1725, 8vo. Burrel, Andrew. Proposals for a Critical Analysis of all the Hebrew and Chaldaic Words in the Old Testa- ment, Lon,, 1738, 8vo. Burrel, J. Letter, 1810. Sermon, 1812. Burrel, George. Charities, Ac. of Hartford, 1809, 8vo. Burrel, John. Divine Right of Kings, Serm.,168.3,4to. Burrell, Percival. Sermon, Lon., 1629, 4to. Burrell, Lady Sophia, d, 1802, a daughter of Sir Charles Raymond, m.arried in 1773, "with a fortune of £100,000," Sir William Burrell, who died 1796, In 1797 she m.arried the Rev, William Clay of Nottinghamshire. Poems, Lon,, 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. The Thvmbriad, from Xenophon's Cyropa?dia, 1794, 8vo. Telemac'hus, 1794, 8vo. Theodora, or the Spanish Daughter ; a Tragedy, 1800, 8vo. Maximian ; a Tragedy from Corneille, 1800, Svo, The Test of Virtue, and other Poems, 1811, Svo. "Lady Burrell's poetical talents do honour to her pen. . . . She has attempted the ludicrnm and the satirieal. not without success; and, in several sketches from nature, she has shown herself a po- etical Teniers," — Lem. Mtjnihhj Bevieiv. 1793. Burrell, William. Assize Sermons, 1712, 8vo. Burrhus. See Bui!Roi-ghs, Sir John, Knt, Burridge, Ezekiel. Historia Nupera; Rerum Mu- tationis in Anglia. Londini, 1697, Svo. Burridge, Richard. The Faith of a Converted Atheist, Lon., 1712, Svo, Burrill, Alexander M., born in the city of New York. Graduated at Columbia College, 1824. Studied law under Chancellor Kent. Admitted to the Bar in the State of New York, 1828. 1. A Treatise on the Practice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York. 2 vols. Svo, 1840 ; a second edition, much enlarged, 3 vols. Svo, 1S46. This work is favourably reviewed in the U, S, Law Maga- zine fur July, 1850. 2. A Law Dictionary and Glossary, 2 vols, r, Svo, 1850. " It is the most complete and perfect work of the kind that has fallen under my observation, and cannot fail to be hi'jhly useful, not only to the student, but also to the experienced practitioner. No law library should be without it. It is a work that need only bo known to be appreciated."— S. Nelson, Justice of the Supreme Cenirt of the United States. Very favourable reviews of this Law Dictionary will be found in the Penn. Law Journal, Nov., 1850; U.S. Law Mag., July. 1850— April, 1851 ; Boston L.aw Reporter, March, 1851 ; New York Code Reporter, May, 1851 ; Lon. Legal Examiner, Dec, 1853; Kent's Commentaries, 7th edit,, vol. i. p. 559 ; Ac. 3. A Treati.se on the Law and Practice of Voluntary Assignments for the benefit of Cre- ditors, Svo, 1S53. 4, A Treatise on Circumstantial Evi- dence, Svo, 1856, Burrington, George, Governor of South Carolina. Answer to Dr, Win. Brackenridge's Letter concerning the 303 BUR number of inhabitants within the London Bills of Mor- I tality, 1767, 8vu. BurriniStoii, Gilbert, Prebendary of Exeter. Rector of Woodleifjh, and Vicar of Chudleigh. An Arrangement of the Genealogies in the Old Testament and Apocrypha, Ac, Lon., lSo6, 2 vols. 4to. " A very el.iborate work, illustrated by copious notes, critical, philologiciil. and explanatory, which are the result of lonj; and l.v borious study, and which materially elucidate many verbal and chronological difficulties." See T. II. Home's Introduction, and Lowndes's Brit. Lil)rarian"s (luide. 340. Burrish, Ousloiv. Ilatavia lUustrata, Lon., 1729, 8vo : Policy .and Commerce of the United Provinces. Burritt, Elihu, h. lull. New Britain. Conn., known as the Learned Blacksmith. He acquired a knowleilgc of the Hebrew, (ireek, Syriac, Spanish. Danish, Bohemian, and Polish languages. In 1842 he translated some of the Icelandic sagas. Contrih. to the Amer. Eelec. Rev. a series of translations from the Samaritan, Arabic, and Hebrew. In 1S43 he began the study of the Ethiopic, Persian, and Turkish langu.iges: the Latin and French he studied while an apprentice to his trade. His works are: Sparks from the Anvd; A Voice from the Forge; Thoughts and Things at Home and Abroad, 1854; Peace- Papers for the People ; and Miscellaneous Works, Lon., 12mo. He has been the editor of many journals, and has travelled and lectured throughout Europe and America. Burritt, Elijah H., brother of the preceding. Log. Arithmetic. Geography of the Heavens : many edits. Burrough, Edward, 1634-1668, a native of West- moreland, embraced Quakerism, and laboured for its ex- tension with great zeal. Ho was imprisoned in Newgate for preaching, and died there. Visitation of Ireland, by E. B. and Francis Howgill, Lon., 16.i6, 4io. Message to the Present Rulers of England. 1659, 4to. Wholesome Informatiim to the King of Engl.ind, 1660, fol. He did not shrink from bearing his testimony both to Cromwell and Charles II., and obtained from the latter an order to stop the persecutions which his sect were suffering from in New England. Ho pub. several other treatises. His works were collected in 1 vol. fol. : The Memorable Works of a Son of Thunder and Consolation, 1672. This is now very rare, and held at a high price. Bitrroiigh, G. F. Narrative of the Retreat of the British Army from Burgos ; in a series of Letters, 1814. Svo. Burroiigh, Henry, Prebendary of Peterborough. Lectures on the Catechism, Confirmation, and Religious Vows, 1773, 8vo. Burroiigh, James, M.D. A Case of Bulinea, Phil. Trans., 17110. Burrough, John. Visitation Sermon, 1718, 8vn. Burroughes, Edward. Essays on Priictical Hus- bandry and Rural Economy, 1820, 8vo. '' His attention was much turned upon ^reen crops, which he raised and used very systematicilly aud successfully. The author was not carried away by any reverie, or visionary schemes; sulj- stantial utility was close behiud every practice, and sanctioned every opcratinn." — Dtiitahhon's AftriatU. liifij. Burroughes, Jeremiah, 1699-1646, a Puritan di- vine, educated at Cambridge, was ejected for Nonconform- ity. Rector of Titshall, 1631; Minister at Rotterd.im; preached at Stepney and Cripplegate, 1642. E.Kcellency of a Generous Spirit, Lon., 1639, Svo. Moses, 1641, 4to. Exposition of the Three First Chapters of Hosea; ncwed., with Notice of the Author, by James Sherman. 1843, Svo. *• A very practical and doctrinal work: does not include the last chapter; but Bisliop Reynulda and Dr. Sil>bs have expositions on that chapter."— BlCKLBs'lETU. The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment, 1649, 4to ; new edit., 1845. " This Hare Jewel is truly a jewel, which still shines as bright as ever." It is highly commended by Goodwin, Simpson, Green- hill, Bridge, and many of the principal writers of his time. He pub. some other theological treatises. " Jeremiah Burroughes was a writer of much piety, good sense, and evangelical matter."'— BicKEESTErn, As a preacher, also, he was greatly admired : " Baxter used to say that, if all rresbyterians had been like Mr. Marshall, and all Independents like Mr. Burroughes, their differ- ences mi'iht easily have been cnnipromised.' Burroughs', E. II. and H. B. Gresson. The Irish Equity Pleader, Dubl.. 1842, Svo. Burrouglis, Francis. Epistle to James Barry, ISOft. Sv(.. Burroughs, James. Occasional Serms., 1733, Svo. '■ Serious, elaborate, and useful discourses."— Dr. DoDDRinoE. Burroughs, Jeremiah. View of Popery, 1716, Svo. Burroughs, John. Devout Psalmodist: 2 Serms., 1813, Svo. 3U1 BUR Burroughs, Borough, or Burrhus, Sir John, d. 1643; was knighted 1624; made Garter King-at-Arms, 1 (;.5'3. Impetus Juveniles et qusedam iSelectiores aliquan- tulum Animi Epistola;, 1643, Svo. Among the principal names are those of Philip Bacon, Sir Francis Bacon, Thomas Farnabie, Thomas Coppin. and Sir Henry Spel- man. The Sovereignty of the British Seas, proved by Records, History, and the municipall Lawes of the King- dom : written in the year 1633, Lon., 1661, 12mo. Wood informs ns that Sir John made A Collection of Records in the Tower of London. Burroughs, Joseph, 1684-85-1761, anative of Lon- don, educated at the University of Leyden. pastor of a Baptist congregation. Barbican, London. 1717, was a man of considerable learning. Two Discourses on Private In- stitutions; concerning Baptism, Lon., 1742, Svo. Ser- mons, pub. separately. 1713-55. Burroughs, Samuel. History of the Chancery : relating to the Judicial Power of that Court, and Rights of the Master, Lon., 1726, 12mo. " Lord King was so much pleased with the work that he re- warded the author with a mastership in Chancery." — Coopet-'s Ve- ficts nf Cliiuicrry. Legal Judicature in Chancery stated, Ac, Lon., 172 1, Svo. In this work the author is said to have had the as- sistance of Mr. (afterwards Bishop) Warburton. — Hurd's Life of Warburton. Burroughs, Stephen. Life of, by himself. A book once very popular in New England; repub. In Pbilo., 1848. Burroughs, or Burroughes, Thomas. A Sove- rain Remedy for all kin, is of Grief. Ps. xxxix. 9, 1662, 4to. Burroughs, W. K. Lectures on Genesis, 1S48. Burrow, Edward J., D.D. Elements of Conchology, Lon., 1S15, 'IS. Svo. Hours of Devothin ; trans, from the German, 1830, Svo. Remarks on the Elgin Marbles, Svo. Scholar's Companion to the Bible, 12mo. A Summary of Christian Faith and Practice. 1822, 3 vols. 12mo. "Confirmed by references to the text of Holy Scripture; com- pared with the liturgy, articles, and homilies of the Church of England ; and illustrated by extracts from the chief of those works which received the s.anction of public authority, from the time of the Reformation, to the final revision of the established formular ries." Burrow, Edward J. Book of Rates on Merchan- dise, Glasg.. 1774. fol. Burrow, Sir James, 1701-17S2, appointed Master of the Crown Office in 1724, held this office until his death, making the long term of 58 years. During the "Memoralile presidency of the great Earl of Mansfield, Sir James seems to have been the first reporter of law cases." Reports in K. B. in the time of Lord Mansfield, 1756- 72, Lon., 1766, 5 vols, fob; 5th edit., with notes and refer- ences, by Serjeant HUl, Lon., 1S12, 5 vols. Svo. American edits., Phila., 1808, 5 vols. Svo; condensed in 2 vols. Svo, New York, 1833. These reports are highly valued as the faithful repositories of Lord Mansfield's decisions. Bm-- row was a constant attendant at the King's Bench. " The material fiiets of the cases are luminously detailed." " The great reputation of the judge whose decisions Burrow re- cords will preserve the reporter's n.ime, like the column designed to perpetuate the fame of some illuiti ions action, or the memory of a great name." See Marvin's Legal Bibb; Bridgman's Legal Bibl.; Broi^ke's Bibl. Leg. ; Hoffman's Legal Study. Sir James pub. Anecdotes and Observations relating to Cromwell and his Famil}', 1763, 4to, and some other works. Questions concerning Literary Property in the case Miller v. Tayh.r. 1773. 4to, will be found at greater length in the Reports, vol. iv. Burrow, Reuben, d. 1791, a mathematici.an, was a native of Hoberley, Yorkshire. Restitution of Apollo- nins on Inclinations ; Doctrine of Projectiles, Ac, Lon., 1773, 4to. Short Account of Mr. Burrow's Measurement of a Degree of Longitude and one of Latitude, 1796. Some of his papers will lie found in the Asiatic Transac- tions. He was engaged in making a trigonometrical sur- vey of Bengal at the time of his death. BurroAV, Robert. Happy Influences of Society, merely Civil; a serm., 1723, Svo. Scrm., 1729, Svo. Burrowes, Amyas. Modern Encyclopaedia, 1816. Burrowes, George, born at Trenton, N. J., ISll. Commentary on the Song of Solomon. Contributor to the Princeton Review, Ac Burrowes, J. F. Piano-Forte Primer, Lon., 12mo. Thorough-Bass Primer. 12mo. Bnrrowes, Robert, D.D., Dean of Cork. A Serm., 1795. Svo. Sermons on the First Lessons of the Sunday Morning Service; with 4 Serms. on other subjects, 1817, Svo. " In which sound doctrine, earnest exhortation, close reasoning, depth of pathos, and forcible apphcation, are sevendly exhibited. BUR The language throutrhnut is simple, yet eloquent, and the style, nervous, chaste, and dignified." — Cfin'stian Remfmhrancer. Twelve Discourses on the Liturgy of the Church of Eng- land, delivered in the Cathedral of St. Fin-Barr, Cork, 1834, 8vo. Burrows, G. Mann, M.B., member of the Koyal Coll. of Physicians of Lon., Ac. Commynturies on the Causes, Forms, Symptoms, and Treatment of Insanity, Lon., 8vo. " Many persons, professional, as well as extra-professional, have naturally been desirous to learn from him to what method he has been indebted for such eminent success. We have no doubt that they will find thi-ir wishes most fully gratified by a perusal of this division of his Treatise, in which the plan of tre-atment has been unfolded with great simplicity, perspicuity, and judgment." — Edin. Med. ami Surg. Jour., Jan. and April, 1829. "It is a work containing an immense collection of important practical information from various souices. digested and commented on by a man of sound judgment, accurate observation, and exten- sive experience." — M'dico-Chirurgiad Rii'ifW, N'rv. \%2^. '' A faithful guide to the younger practitioner, and a useful com- panion to those of maturer years."— Dr. Campbell, Physician Ui tlie L. C. Lunatic Asylum. ''Your invaluable work on Insanity more minutely and intelli- gibly details the causi-s and treatment of that important malady, in all its modifications and forms, than any I have heretofore read. It will in future be my text-book, and I am sure my best guide." — Le((''rfirmi Dr. Penninglnn, Phy. in the Nultingkam Lunatic Asylum. Dr. Burrows has also pub. a treatise On Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation, Lon., 1843, 8vo, pp. 236. " M'e have derived much gratification from the perusal of Dr. Burrows's very able work, and strongly recommend its perus-il to our readers. It is replete with interesting and practically useful farts, and well supports the author's reputation as a careful and judicious observer." — Medical Gazette. Burrows, J., M.D. Essay on Cancers, 1767, 8vo. Trans, of a medical treatise by M. De Velnos, 1770, 8vo. Burscou^h, Robert, Treatise of Church Govern- ment, Lon.. 1692, Svo. A Discourse of Schism, 1699, Svo. Other treatises. Burscou^h, Wm., D.D., d. 1755, consecrated Bishop of Limerick. 172o. Sermon?; pub. separately, 1715, '16, '22. Burslein, Captain RoUo, R.A. A Peep into Toork- isthan, Lon., Svo, 1846. " It is to our minds one of the most sterling books we have had since Eothen." — Cimhridge and Oxfird Rfview. Bursleni, WiHoujSrhby M., M.D., senior phy.sician to the Blenheim street Dispensary. Pulmonary Consump- tion and its Treatment, p. Svo. •' We find a series of original and important observations on the state of the periodical functions of the female in relation to the development and treatment of phthisis, and a commentary on the various phenomena of the disease, which impress us with the con- viction that the author is as painstaking in his literary pursuit of knowledge as he is evidently a practical physician." — Lrin. Lancet Bnrt, Adam, Surgeon. Med. treati.=ies, 17.'i5, '08. Burt, Captain Edward. Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland to his Friend in London. Lon., 1754. 2 vols. Svo; 1757. 2 vols. Svo; 1759. 2 vols. Svo; 1815, 2 vols. Svo; with large Appendix, Introduction, and Notes, by R. Jamieson. Edin. and Lon., 1S18, 2 vols. Svo. Sir Walter Scott contributed some "curious materials" to this edition of this valuable work. See Lockharfs Life of Scott, Index; Scott's Poetical Works, vol. yiW., passim; 'Scott's Prose Works, vol. xx. 21, n., Ac. Burt, John T. Results of the system of Separate Confinement, as administered at the Pentonville Prison, bv J. T. B.. .Assistant Chaplain, Lon., 1852, Svo. ' Burt, Capt. Richard, R.X. Proc. on Thtesns, 1809. Burt, William. Olis. on Banka, ISIO, Svo. Rambles in London. ISU. Svo. Conseq. of the French Revolution to Enj^laml Considered, 1811, i2rao. Burt, William. Christianity; a Poem, Lon., Svo. Miscellaneous Papers on Scientific Subjects, p. Svo. Ob- servations on the Curiosities of Nature, p. Svo. Burtenshaw. Letters to Lord Mansfield. 1781, 4to. Burthog^e, Richard, M.D. Of infernal Torments. Lon., 1675. Svu. On Divine Goodness. 1670. Svo. Of Reason and Truth, 1(578, 8vo. Of the Soul of the AVorld ; in a Letter to John Locke, 1699, Svo. Essay upon Hu- man Reason, and the Nature of Spirits, 1694. Svo. 'In. this essay the author has advanced many things wholly new, ("more especially where he treats of the way and manner how spirits do app^ar.^ and concludes with reflections on Dr. Sherlock's notion about individuation." "This person, who always kept pace with the fanatics, tempo- rized with the papists in the rei'jn of King Jauies II.. and there- fore was madi* a Justice of peace for Devonshire, which oflSce he Itept under King Will. III., as being a favourer of Cinalics. lie is looked upon as a person of considerable learning, and of no less pride and amhitinn." See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. Burton, Mrs. Laura, or the Orphan ; a Novel, 1797, 2 vols. 12nio. The Fugitive; a Novel, 2 vols. 12mo. Burton, B. Jesus Christ God and Man; a serm. on Phil. ii. 6, 7, 1756, Svo. Active and Passive Righteous- ness of Christ ; three sermons on Jerem. xxiii. 6, 1763, 12mo. 20 BUR Burton, Charles. Journal of a Voyage from Lon- don to Madeira, New Providence, and back to London, Lon., 1805, Svo. Burton, Charles. Lectures on the World before the Flood, Svo ; On the Deluge and World after the Flood, Svo; On the Millennium, 12mo, 1841, '44, '45. " We have perused these lectures with considerable satisfiiction, as furnishing a practical illustration of the infinite wisdom, power, and goodness of the Creator, and of the agreement of science with the imperishable record of revelation." — ^Yesleyan Methixlist Mag. Burton, Charles James. Sermon, Lon., 1S19, Svo. A View of the Creation of the World, in illustration of tho Mosaic Record. See Dr. William Buckland, Georgk Fairholmk, and George Bugg. Burton, Edmund, a Fellow of Trinity College, Cam- bridge, adopted tlio Law as a profession, and classical re- searches as a recreation. The Satires of Perseus trans, into English Prose, with Notes, Lon., ,1752, 4to. Charac- ters deduced from Classical Remains, 1763, Svo. M. Ma- nilii Astronomicon. Ubri quinque, Ac., 17S3, Svo. In this work Mr. B. takes Dr. Bentley to task. '•When Mr. Burton avowed his intention of introducing Bent- ley for the purpose of laying him prostrate, we conceived that this new Aristarchus possessed the wit of Boyle, the acuteness of Hare, the keen penetration of Alexander Cunningham, and the solid learning of Kichard Johnson. . . . But when we had taken the book into our hands, ibi omnis effusiLS labor." — Lon. Monthly Re- view. Ixxi. 4.^7 : read this elaborate criticism. Suicide; a Dissertation, 1790, 4to. '' For some years Mr. Burton was also a valuable correspondent to the Gentleman's Magazine, under the anagrammatic signature of Ruben dti Mont. He had evidently a cultivated taste, Itut was somewhat trw fond of singularity. His imagination was lively, but incorrect; and his style animated, but fontastic." — Nichols's Literary Avecdut'S, viii,132. Burton, Edward, D.D., 1794-1S36, a native of Shrewsbiirv. was educated at Westminster School, whence he was removed in 1S12 to Christ Church. Oxford ; took his degree of M.A., 181S ; after which he visited the Con- tinent, and recorded bis observations in his Antiquities and other curiosities of Rome, 2d edit., Lon., 182S, 2 vols. Svo. This work has been commended for accuracy and proofs of rcseari'h. lie was appointed Curate of Tetten- hall, Staifordshire ; select preacher in the University of Oxford, 1824 ; Public Examiner, 1S26 ; Regius Professor of Divinity, 1S29. He was Bampton Lecturer in 1829. Considerations on the Absolving Power of the Romish Church. Testimonies of the Ante-Nicene Fathers to the Divinity of Christ, Oxf., 1826, Svo; 2d edit., with addi- tions, Oxf., 1829, Svo ; ditto to the Doctrine of the Trinity, and to the Divinity of the Holy Ghost, Oxf., 1831, Svo. " His Testimonies are decisive on the momentous subjects to which they refer."— Dr. E. Williams. An Inquiry into the Heresies of the Apostolic Age, Oxf., 1829, Svo: 8 sermons preached at the Bampton Lec- ture, 1S29. The reader will notice the valuable introduc- tion in which Dr. Burton refers to "The authors whose works I have either myself consulted. Or a perusal of which is recommended as useful for making us ac- quainted with the heresies of the Apostolic age." An appendix of learned notes adds to the value of this work. Attempt to ascertain the Chronology of the Apostles and of St. Paul's Epistles, Oxf., 1830, Svo. The author remarks that his Lectures upon the Ecclesiastical History of the First Century might have been entitled with equal propriety. Lectures upon the Acts of the Apostles. Lec- tures upon the Ecclesiastical History of the First Three Centuries; from the Crucifixion to A. D. 313, Oxf., 1831- 33, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit., Oxf., 1845, 8vo. '■A truly valuable work. The author is one of the most pro- found patristic scholars in Europe." — Lowndes. See a Review in the British Critic, xvii. 115. Greek Testament; with English Notes, Oxf., 1S31, 2 vols. Svo; new ed., 1852. The text is that of Bishop Lloyd's editions printed at Oxf., 1S2S, "30. The Notes are explanatory, philological, and critical. "In prep;iring these critical notes. Dr. Burton examined for himself, with no small labour and attention, the copious materials which had been collected by Griesbach ; and, after weighing the evidence adduced by him in favour of any particular reading. Dr. B. noted down all "the variations from the received text, which seem to have a majority of documents in their favour." — Home's Introduction. Sermons preached before the University of Oxford, Lon., 1S32, Svo. History of the Christian Church from the As- cension of Jesus Christ to the Conversion of Constantino, Lon., 1S36, sm. Svo ; 8th ed., 1850. See a Review in British Critic, XX. 209. An edit, of his Works, with a Memoir, has been pub. in 5 vols. Svo, by Mr. J. H. Parker, Oxford. Dr. Burton was noted for hia persevering industry. In addi- 305 BtTR tion to his own writings, lie edited and superintended the publication ot' a number of works. " H.' was an able nian. well ri-ad In Christian Antiquity; mild and candid in his temper.''— Dr. K. Wn.UAMS. Burton, Francis. On Benevolence and Philan- thropy; an occasional sermon, 1797, 8vo. Burton, George. Essay towards reconciling the NuMibers of Daniel and St. John ; with a supplement, Norwich, 1766-68, 8vo. " According to Mr. Burton's calculations, the conTersinn of the Gentiles, and the Millennium, will commence in the year 2430 ; the battle of Gog and MajOK will begin in 3430, and the Millennium terminate in 343tj." — Orme's Bil'l. Bil>. Analysis of two Chronological Tables, 1787, 4to. Burton, Henry, b. about l.i7a. d. 1618, a Puritan divine, w.as a native of Bir^tall, Yorkshire, and edncated at St. John's College, Cambridge. lie became Rector of St. Matthew's, Friday Street, London, about 1626. In 1626 he preached and publi.shcd two sermons, entitled. For God and the King, for which he was sentenced to the pillory, to lose his oars, to a fine of £50110, and to per- petual imprisonmeut. See Bastwick, John; Pkvn.-ie, William. The fine and the impri-onment were remitted by the House of Commons. Ho recovered his liberty in 16411, and was restored to his living. We notice a few of Burton's publications: Censure of Simony. Lon., 1624, 4to. The Baiting of the Pope's Bull, 1627, 4to. The Seven Vials, 1627, '2S, 4to. Babel no Bethel. Truth's Triumph over Trent, 1629. fol. The Law and the Gospel, Ac, 1631, 4to. England's Bondage and Hope of De- liverance, 1641, 4to. Narration of his Life, 164:!, 4to. Conformity's Deformity, 1646, 4to. Anthony Wood, who seems to have considered Low Churchmen and Dissenters as /era naUira, and hardly worth the trouble of conversion into Mnnnneta, rebukes Burton for his " pragmaticalness and imjiudence in de- monstrating by a letter which he presented to the King. 2.'id Apr., 1625, how popislilv affcricd were Dr. Neile and Dr. Laud, his continual atlriHliints." — Athen. Oxoii. Burton, Henry. F;i>i .■^.■nn.m. 1665, 4to. Burton, Hezekiah, d. 16S1, educated at, and Fel- low :ind Tutor of, M.agdalen College, Oxford, became Rector of St, IJeorge's, Southwark, 1667 ; Rector of Barnes, Sur- rey, 16S0. He wrote the Allor|uium ad Lectorem prefi.xed to Cumberland's treatise, De Legibus Natura>. Sermons, Lon., 1684, '85, 2 vols. 8vo, posth. ; pub. by Dr. Tillotson. Burton, J. Lectures on Female Education and Man- ners, Lon., 179.3, 2 vols. 12mo. Guide for Youth, 1814. 12mo. Burton, John. History of Eriander, Lon., 1661. Svo. Antii|uitates Capelhe D. Joannis Evangelista; hodiascholas Regia? Norwicensis, 1712, Svo. Burton, John, D.D., 1696-1771, a native of Wemb- worthy, Devonshire, was educated and appointed tutor at Corpus Christ! College, 0.\ford; Fellow of Eton, and Vicar of Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, 1733 ; Rector of Worples- don, Surrey, 1766. Two volumes of his Occasional Ser- mons, preached before the University of Oxford, were pub. in 1764. His style is considered pedantic, yet not without elegance, and has been distinguished as the " Burtonian style." Churchill ridicules its peculiarities : " So dull his thoughts, yet pliant in their prowth. They're verse, or prose, are neither, or are both." But the poet disliked our author's opposition to Wilkes. He pub. in 1744 a vindication of Clarendon's Hi.st. of the Rebellion, and in 1760 his three sermons on University politics. His Opuscula Miscellanea Theologica. from which The Parish Priest was trans, by the Rev. Davis Warren in 1800, appeared in 1771. Oxon., 2 vols. Svo. Mr. Burton pub. some other works. It was at his expense that in 1768 Jo.scph Bingham's unfinished edit, of the Penbalogia was pub. It was reprinted by Thomas Burgess, Oxon., 1779. 2 vols. Svo. His Life was written in Latin — De vita etmoribus Johannis Burtoni, 1771 — by Dr. Edw. Bentham, his relation, and canon of Christ Cliurch. A trans, of it will be found in the Gent. Mag. for 1771. See Biog. Brit. Burton, John, M.D., 1697-1771, an eminent anti- quary, was a native of Rippon, Y'orkshire. He studied for some time at Leyden, and appears to have graduated as doctor at Rheims. He settled at York, where he prac- tised with great rcputatirin. A Treatise on the Non-natu- rals, York, 1738, Svo. Account of the life and writings of Boerhaavc, Lon., 1743, Svo. With this eminent man Bur- ton had become acipiainted whilst residing abroad. Essay towards the Complete System of Midwifery, Theoretical as well as Practical, Lon., 1751. Svo. Iter Surriense et Sus- sexiense, Lon., 1752. Svo. IjCtter to M'illiam .Smellie, Lon., 1753, Svo. Monasticon Eboracensi, and the Ecclesiastical History of Yorkshire, vol. i. York, 175S, fol. ; all pub. BUR "Dr. Burton has been justly styled one of our first men in mo- nastic antiquities, — bis work infinitely surpassing Sh William Dugdale's." — Halsted's Letter to Ducarel. Dr. Burton is supposed to have been the original of Dr. Slop in Sterne's Tristram Shandy. Burton, John Hill, "son of Lieut. Burton, of the 94th Regiment of Foot, was educated for the Scottish Law, and passed advocate, 1831. He was a contributor to the later volumes and to the Supplement of the Penny Cyclo- pedia, chiefly on subjects connected with Scottish Law. In 1842 he assisted Sir John Bowring in preparing the collected works of Jeremy Bentham," 11 vols. r. Svo. Introdue. to the Study of Bentham's Works, Lon., r. Svo. Manual of the Law of Scotland, 1844-47, 3 vols. p. Svo, Ac. Political and Social Economy, 1M49, 12mo. Lives of Simon, Lord Lovat, and Duncan Forbes : from Original Sources, Lon., 1847, p. Svo. Life and Correspondence of David Hume, 2 vols. Svo ; last ed., 1850. u ^g rejoice to see the entire treasure [Ilume's Letters] produced in a manner so liighly creditable to all concerned." — Lrm. Lit, G24. '28, '32, 'liS^ '51, '52, '60, 76, 1728, '38, fol. The eulogy of Dr. Johnson — " Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy," he said, "was the only book that ever took him out of bed two hours sooner than he wished to rise" — excited some curiosity to see so attractive a work, and an edit, was pub. in 1800, fob, and another in 1806, 2 vols. 8vo; also in 1S27. 2 vols. 8vo; 1836, 8vo ; 1S37. 2 vols. 8voj 1838, Svo; 1S45, 8vo ; 1849, Svo. The author— a man of great erudition and wit — was subject to hypo- chondria, under which he suffered acutely: " He composed this book with a view of relieving his own me- lancholy, but increased it to such a decree, that nothing; could make him laugh, but going to the bridge foot, and hearing the ribaldry of the bargemen, which rarely failed to throw him into a violent fit of laughter. Befire be was" overcome with this horrid disorder, he. in thr intervals of hi.s vapours, was esteemed one of the most Cicetious companions in the university." — CJran'cjer. " He was an exact mathematician, a curious calculator of nativi ties, a general read scholar, a thoro' pacd philologist, and one that understood the surveying of lands well. As he was by many ac- counted a severe student, a deiourer of authors, a melancholy and humorous person; so by others, who knew him well, a person of great honesty, plain dealing and charity. I have heard some of the ancients of Ch. Ch. often say that hiscompany was verv merrv, Ctcete and juvenile, and no man in his time did surpass hiiii for his ready and dextrous interlarding his common discourses among them with verses from poets, or senten.-es from classiral authors. Which being then all the fashion in the university made his com- pany more acceptable." — Afhen. Ojo/u Charles Lamb mentions some "curious fragments from a commonplace book which belonged to Robert Burton, the famous author of The Anatomy of Melancholy," but we know of no publication save the Anatomy. Dibdin supposes that Dr. Timothy Bright's (q. v.) Treatise of Melancholic, 1586, was the prototype of Burton's work, and it has been also insinuated that Boaystuau's Theatrum Mundi gave him some useful hints. These surmises may or may not be true ; but of fathering books by means of supposed resemblances, there is no end. "Whether Burton helped himself to his predecessors' labours or n. ^ *' 'Tis a bonk so full of variety of reading, that gentlemen who have lost th^ir time, and are put to a push for inventiou. may fur- nish themselves with matter for common or scholastical discourse and writing." — }Vi>od's Athen. Oxrm. vol. i. p. r)28. Sd edit. "If you never saw Burton upon Melancholy, printed lR7fi.pray look into it, and read the ninth page of his Preface. ' Democritus to the Reader.' There is something there which touches the prtint we are upon; but I mention the author to you. as the plcasantcst, the most learned, and the most full of sterling sense. The wits of Queen Anne's reign, and the beginning of George the First, were not a little beholden to him." — Archbishop Herring's Lettera, 12mo. 1777, p. 14'.l. '•' Burton's .Anatomy of Melanrhnly is a v.iluable book,' said Pr. Johnson. 'It is perhaps oveib-ii'ltd wiili ijuotation. But there is great spirit and great power in what lUntun says when he writes from his own mind.' * — Boswell's Li/e nf Joimson, vol, ii. p. 325. "It will he no detraction from the power of Milton's original genius and invention, to remark, that he seems to have borrowed the subject of L^-lUet/ro and II l\nseroso, together with some par- ticular thoughts, expressions, and rhymes, more especially the idea of a contrast between these two dispositions, from a fm-^otteu poem prefixed to the first edition of Burton's Anatomy of .Melan- choly, entitled, 'The -Author's Abstract of Melancholy: or. A Dia- logue between Pleasure and Pain.' Ilei-e pain is melanrholy. It was written, as I conjecture, about the year ICOO. 1 will make no apolopy for abstiacting and citing as niurh of this poem as will be suflicient to prove, to a discerning reader, how for it had taken possession of Milton's mind. The measure will appear to be the same; and that our author was at least an attentive reader of Burton's book, may be already concluded from the traces of re- semblance which I have incidentally nnticed in passing through the VAUer/rn and II Penserogo. ... As to the very elaborate work to which these visionary verses are no unsuitable introduction, the writer's variety of learning, his quotations from scarce and curious books, his pedantry spiarkling with rude wit and shaiwless elegance, miscellaneous matter, intermixture of agreeable tales and illustrations, and, perhaps, above all. the singularities of his feelings, clothed in an uncommon quaintness of r.tyle, have con- tributed to render it. even to modern readers, a valuable repository of amusement and information." — Warlon's Milton. 2d edit., p. 94. "The Anatomy of Melancholy is a book which has been univer- sally read and admired- This work is. for the most pai-t. what the author himself styles it. 'a cento;' but it is a very ingenious one. His quntafiniis. which abound in every page, are pertinent: but if he had made more use of his invention, and less of his common- place book, bis work would perhaps have been more valualile than it is. He is generally free from the affected language and ridicu- lous metaphors which disgrace most of the books of his time." — Granger^s Bingrcpkical History. "Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, a book once the favourite of the learned and the witty, and a source of surreptitjr.iiR learn- ing. thou;;ih written on a regular plan, consists ciiietly of quota- tions: the author has honestly termed it a cento. He collects. un» der every division, the opinions of a multitude of writers, without regard to chronological order, and has too often the modesty to decline the interposition of his own sentiments. Indeed, the bulk of his materials generally overwhelms him. In the course of his folio he has contrived to treat a great variety of topics, that seem very loosely connected with the peneral subject: and, like Bayle. when he starts a lavourite train of quotations, he does not scruple to let the digression outrun the principal question. Thus, from the doctrines of reli^jion to military discipline, from inland navi- gation to the morality of dancinir-pchools, every thing is discussed and determined." — Ft-rrinr's llhtAradmis of Stfrne. p. SS. "The archness which Burton displays occasionally, and his in- dulgence of playful digressions from tlie most serious discussious;, often give his style an air of familiar conversation, notwithstand- ing the laborious coJlertions which supply his text. He was capa- ble of writing excellent poetry, but he seems to have cultivated this talent too little. The English verses prefixed to bis book, which possess beautiful imagery, and jrreat sweetness of versifica- tion, have been frequently published. His Latin eleciac verses addressed to his book, show a very agreeable turn for raillery." — Ibid. p. 5S. " When the force of the subject opens his own vein of prose, we discover valual)le sense and brilliant expression. Puch is his ac- count of the fiist feelings of melanchnly persons, written, proba- bly, from his own experience." — Iliid. p, fiO. " During a pedantic age. like that in which Burton's production appeared, it must have been eminently serviceable to writers of many descriptinns. Hence the unlearned might furnish themselves with appropriate scraps of Greek and Latin, whilst men of b-fters would find their enquiries shortened, by knowing where they ini'j:ht look for what both ancients and moderns had advanced on the sub- ject of human passions. I confess my inability to point out any other English author who has so largely dealt in apt and origin^ quotation." — Mtintiscript JS'ot^^ of the late George St^evens, E!.>i., in his copy of The Anatomy of Melancholy. See the amusing synopsisof the Bibliomania appended to Dibdin's invnlujible work by this title. The vivacious Bibliographer here avowedly takes a leaf from the erudite hypochondrinc. Burton, Robert, is a name which occurs in the title- page of a number of very popular historical and mi.^cella- neous compilations, pub. (and supposed to have been writ- ten) by Nathaniel Crouch, from 1681-1736. These are such as Historical Rarities in London and Westminster, 16S1 ; Wonderful Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England, Scotlnnd, and Ireland. 1682; History of Scotland, 1685: Curiositiesof England, 1697 ; Unparalleled Varieties, 1699; General History of Earthquakes, 1736. Ac. The list, which is along one, will be found in Chalmers's Biog. Diet: Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. The collection includes History, Travels, Fiction, Nat. History, Customs, Biography, &c. Some were reprinted in 6 vols. 4to, 1810, '13. Theoriginaledits. have occasionally brought high prices as curiosities: The fAs: the title of one is * Admirable Curiosities, Karities, and Wonders in England.' I be- lieTe there are about five or six of them [perhaps about 40!] they seem very proper to allure backward readers; be so kind as to get them for me, and send me them with the best printed edition of "Baxter's Call to the Unconverted.' I am, *c., *' S.iM. Johnson. ' Dunton includes Crouch in his notices : " R. B., (alias Nat. Crouch,) is become a celebrated Author. I think I have given you the very soul of his Character when I have told you that his talent lies at Collection. He has melted down the best of our English Histories into Twelve-penny Books which aretilledwithwonders. rarities, and curiosities; foryou must know bis Title-pages are a little swelling. However, Nat. Crouch is a very ingenious person, and can talk fine things upon any subject. In a word, Nat. Crouch is a Phcenix Author; I mean the only man that gets an est;ile by writing of Books."— Li/' and Errors. Dunton speaks in high terms of Nat.'s brother, Samuel Crouch : "He is just and punctual in all his dealings; never speaks ill of any man ; — has a swinging soul of his own ; — would part with all he has to serve a friend ; — mid thaCs enou(jh for one Bookseller !" —Ibid. , . We commend Mr. Crouch's character to the study of our amiable and much-abused friends, the Bibliopoles of the present day. Biirtoii, Samuel. Sermon, 1620, 4to. Burton, Thomas. Thanksgiving serm., 1713, 8vo. Burton, Thomas, member of the Parliaments of Oliver .and Rich.ard Cromwell : his Diary from 1656 to 1659, now first pub. from the original autograph MS.; edited and illustrated by J. T. Rutt, Don., 1828, 4 vols. Svo. These curious MSS. were discovered among the papers of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, " and own their publication to the same assiduous bibliographer who brought to light the Memoirs of Eveleyn and Pepys." •• This Work serves to fill up the chasm so long existing in our Parliamentary History. The recovery of the debates of the Crom- well Parliaments, taken on the spot by one of the very members, is little short of a miracle."— iVciu MimHili/ Mag. " The great interest of the book is Cromwell himself." — Lon. Gent. Mag. '■These volumes overflow with information respecting the prin- ciples and proceedings of the Legislature during a most important period of English History. Every libiaiy which pretends to con- tain an historical collection, must possess itself of Burton's Diary: it is as indispensable as Burnet or Clarendon."— ion. Atlns. It is supposed that Burton's memoranda were taken fur the information of Lord Clarendon, (in whose writing the MS. is,) then residing abroad with King Charles. Burton,VV. Exposition of the Lord's Prayer,Lon.,1594, 16mo. Seven Dialogues, both pithie and profitable, 1600, -tto. Burton, W. II. Law of Real Property ; 6th edit., with Notes, by E. P. Cooper, Lon., Svo; 7th ed., 1850. " A most valuable publication. It is learned, precise, and accu- rate, and • there is not to be found in it a superfluous word.' " It must be a philological curiosity, truly ! Burton, William, l;)r5-16.81, an eminent antiquary, was elder brother to the celebrated author of The Anatomy of Melancholy, (i;. v.) He was entered of Brasenose Col- lege, O.xford, 1591, admitted of the Inner Temple, 1593. He distinguished himself by A Description of Leicester- shire, concerning Matters of Antiquity, History, Armours, and Genealogy, Lon., 1622, foL The author made many improvements and additions in MS. It is now entirely su- perseded by Nichols's History of Leicestershire. "His natui-al genius leading him to the studies of Heraldry, Genealogies, and Antiquities, he became excellent in those obscure and intricate matters; and, look upon him as a gentleman, was accounted by all that knew him to be the best of his time for those studies, as may appear by his Description of Leicestershire." — Atlien. Orim. '■The reputation of Burton's book arises from its being written e^rly, and preceded only by Lambarde's Kent. 1576, Carew's Corn- wall, 1G0*2. and Norden's Pui-vey; and it is in comparison only of these, and not of Dugdale's more copious work, that we are to un- derstand the praises so freely bestowed on it." — Govoii. Burton .also drew up the Corollary of Leland's Life, pre- fixed to the Collectanea. Burton, William, d. 1667, an antiquary, was entered of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1625. Ho was master of the free Grammar School at Kingston-upon-Thames until 1655. Laudatio Funebris in Ohitum D. Thomai, Atheni. Oxon., 16.13, 4to. Annotations on the First Epistle of Clement the Apostle to the Corinthians, 1647, 4to. Groecae Lingua! Historica, 1657, Svo. Catalogue of the Religious Houses in England, with their valuations, at the time of ' the dissolution of the Monasteries: see Speed's Chron. at the end of Henry VIII. A Commentary on Antoninus's Itinerary, 1658, fol. This work caused Bishop Kennett to , style Burton the best topographer since Camden. Our author also trans. The Beloved City, from the Latin of Alstedius. Burton, William, minister of the Cathedral Church BUR in Norwich. Catechisme, Lon., 1591, Svo. Seven sermons, 1592, Svo. A Caveat for Sureties; two sermons on PrOT. vi.' 1-5, 1593, 8vo. Sermons, 1590, '95. Burton, William, a bookseller in London. Super- stition, Fanaticism, and Faction ; a Poem, 1781, 4to. Re- searches into the Phraseology, Manners, History, and Re- ligion of the ancient Eastern Nations, as illustrative of the Sacred Scriptures, lic, Lon., 1805, 2 vols. Svo. " Mostly a compilation which contains materials of various value. There are a number of good criticisms, and some of a trifling na- ture. The introduction contains remarks on the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Talmud." — Orim's Bibl. Brit. Burton,William,M.D., Windsor. On Viper-Catchers; Phil. Trans., 1736. Internal Cancers; ib., 1742. Burton, William Evans, b. 1804. at London, son of the following, a distinguished comedian, made his first appearance in New York in a complimentary benefit given to Samuel Woodworth, the poet. 1. Yankee among the Mermaids, Phila., 12mo. 2. Cyclopedia of Wit and Hu- mor; comprising a Unique Collection of Complete Articles and Specimens of Written Humor from Celebrated Hu- morists of America, England, Ireland, and Scotland, illustrated, N.Y., 1858, 2 vols. Svo. See South. Lit. Mes- senger, July, 1858. " the aim of this work is to furnish all who would seek in the brilliant fancies of the humorist a relaxation from the cares of business or a resource to enliven hours of dulness. or who would peruse with an appreciating eye the writings of the most gifted humorous authors who have enlivened the English language by their wit and genius; to furnish to all. in short, who love a genial and lively book such a selection as shall satisfy the mirth-craving nature." Edited Cambridge Quarterly Review, England ; Re- flector, Eng. ; Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, Phila., 7 vols. ; Literary Souvenir, an Annual, 1838, '40. Con- trib. to London old Monthly Mag., Lon. Athen, N.Y. Knickerbocker, Ac. Burton, William George, h. 1774, at London. Biblical Researches. A work of great erudition. Burton, W. W. State of Religion and Education in New South AVales, Lon., 8vo. Bury, Arthur, an English divine, was ejected from Oxford in consequence of his work. The Naked Gospel, Oxf, 1691, fol. The University ordered this Socinian treatise to be burned. He pub. some sermons, 1660, '62, '82, '92. Bury, Arthur. Agricult. Con. to Phil. Trans., 170S ; on manuring liiud with Sea Sand. Bury, Lady Charlotte, formerly Lady Charlotte Campbell, " the beauty of the Argyle family," was an early piitroness of the youthful genius of Sir Walter Scott, She was " always distinguished by her passion for elegant letters," and was accustomed " in pride of rank, in beauty's bloom, to do the honours of Scotland" to the literary celebrities of the day. It was at one of her par- ties that Scott became personally acquainted with Monk Lewis. He writes to George Ellis, 2d March, 1802 : '■I am glad you have seen the Marquess of Lorn, whom I have met frequently at the house of his charming sister. Lady Charlotte Campbell ; whom. I am sure, if you are acquainted with her, you must admire as much as I do." Lady Charlotte introduced him to Lady Anne Hamilton, and the poet had an opportunity of confirming the good impression made by the perusal of Glenfinlas, and The Eve of St. John. Lady Ch..™. .,:.;,.« We profess to occupy the position of the chronicler, not the umpire. The opinions of the learned professor have elicited much animated controversy. He has given to the world an exposition of some of the phenomena of Mes- merism, and he anticipates great benefits to the race from the full development of the new philosophy of which he is an ardent champion. In addition to his other labours. Prof. Bush preaches to a society of the New Jerusalem Church in BrooUlyn and edits the Anglo-American New Church Repository. Bush, J, Hibernia Curiosa^ or a General History of the Manners. Customs, and Dispositions, &c. of the Inha- bitants of Ireland; Trade, Agriculture, and Curiosities, Lon., 1767, 8vo. •'The materials of this work, which chiefly is occupied with a view of nianuers, agriculture, trade, natural curiosities, &c,, were collected during a tour in 17frl-69."~STEVENSO\. Bush, Joseph. Evangelical sermons, 1S42, 12mo. " We have been much pleased with these sermons. They breathe cordial attachment to the Kedeemer and his Gospel." — Church- man's 3timthhj h'evifw. Bush, or Bushe, Paul, 1490-1558, first Bishop of Bristol, entered the University of Oxford about 1513. In consequence of his profound knowledge of divinity, Henry VIII. advanced him to the newly-erected see of Bristol, 1542, and made him his chaplain. Queen Mary deprived him of his dignity on account of his being a married man. Exposycyon of Miserere mei Deus, 1525. An Exhortation to Margaret Burgcs. Notes on the Psalms, Lon., 1525. Treatise in praise of the Crosse. Answer to certain Que- ries concerning the Abuses of the Mass; in Burnet's Hist. Reformation ; Records, No. 25. Dialogues between Christ and the Virgin Mary. Treatise of Salves and Curing Re- medies, sine ainio. Extirpation of Ignorancy, &c. Car- mina diversa. Ccrtayne gostly Medycynes, &c., sine anno. When he took his degree of B.A., Wood says he was "Then numbered among the celebrated poets of the Univer- sity." — Athen. Oxon. Bush, William. The Celestial Race, Lon., 1692. Bush, William. Thu Inadvertencies and Indiscre- tions of Good Men a great cause of general Corruption in Society ; a serm. on 1 Tim. v. 22. 1746. Svo. Bush, William. Voyage and Travel of W. B., Lon., 1647. 4to. Bush, William. Observations on Cancers, Bath. 1804. Bushby, E. Introduction to the Study of Scripture, 12mo. Essay on the Human Mind, 5th edit., Camb., 1852, 12mo. Bushe, Aniyas. Socrates; a Dram. Poem, 1785, 4to. Bushe, G. P. Population of Ireland. Trans. Irish Acad.. 1790. BusheL Seth, D.D. Sermons. 167?.. 78. '82. Bushel, or Bushell, Thomas, 1594-1674, educated at Baliid College, Oxford, wa:^ in the service of Lord Ba- con. Charles made him Master of the Royal Mines in Wales. Speeches and Songs at the Pres;entment of the Rock at Euston to the Queen in 1636, Oxon.. 1636, 4to. Remonstrance of His Majesty's Mines Royal in Wales, Lon., 1642, 4to. Tracts concerning the Mines in Wales, Lon.. 1642-60, 4to. Extract of the Lord Bacon's Philo- sophical Theory of Mineral Prosecutions, 1660, 4to. See an interesting account of Bushel and his famous " Rock" and various projects, in A then. Oxon. " Leaving behind him the character of one always troubled with a heatin<; and contriving brain, of an aimer at g;reat and hiirh things, while he himself was always indigent, and therefore could never accomplish his mind to his original desire; of one always borrowing to carry on his desif^n, but seldom or never paid." Yet we should not omit to state that there were times when Bushel had no lack of the precious metals. He is Baid to have gained from one silver mine at Bwlch-yr- Eskir, sufficient profit to enable him to present Charles I. with a regiment of horse, and to provide clothes for his whole army. In addition to this, he advanced as a loan to his Majesty no less a sum than £40,000; equal to at least four times the amount of the present currency : and he also raised a regiment among miners at his own charge. The mine referred to is the same one out of which Sir Hugh Middleton accumulated £20(10 a month, "by which pro- duce he was enabled to defray the expense of bringing the New River to Loudon." Busher, Leon. Liberty of Conscience, 1646, 4to, &c. Bushnan, J. S., M.D. History of the Saline Treat- ment of Cholera, Lon., Svo. Introduc. to the Study of Nature, 8vo. Observations on Hydropathy, 12mo. Phi- 3L0 ot Organic Lite: to which is prefixed a Brief Exposition of the Great Dc]>artments of Human Knowledge, r. l2mo, with over one hundred illustrations. '• Thoutrh cist to a popular form and manner, this work is the produrtion of a man of seience. and presents its sul>jeKt in its latest development, based on truly scientitic and accurate priociples. It may. theref'>re. be consulted with interest by those who wish to obtain in a roneise form, and at a low price, a resume of the pre- sent state of animal and vegetable physiology." Other works. Bushnell, Edm. Complete Shipwright. 1669, 4to. Bushnell, Horace, D.D., b. about 1804. at Wash- ington, Litchfield county, Connecticut, graduated at Yale College in 1827, where in 1829 he was appointed tutor. He has been a journalist, and a law student, as well as theologian. Among his publications are Christian Nur- ture. 1847; God in Christ, 1849; and a sequel to these, entitled. Christian Theology, 1851. He has pub. a num- ber of sermons, — Unconscious Influence, Ac, — which have been collected in one volume, entitled Sermons for the New Life, 1S5S, 12mo. Many of his pieces will be found in The New Englander; and his addresses before college societies and literary assemblies are numerous. '■His writings have attracted congiderable attention among theologians from the bold and original manner in which he luia presented views of the doctrines of the Calviaistic faith. . . . The dissertation prefixed to his volume -God in Christ" contains the germ of must of what are considered his theological peculiarities." Busk, George, b. in Russia, a distinguished surgeon and naturalist, went to England at an early age. He was one of the early members, and, in 1848-49, President, of the Microscopical Soc, and has contributed many valuable papers to its Transactions. Editor of the Quarterly Jour- nal of Microscopical Science. Trans. KblHker's Histology; also Wedl's Pathological Histology. Catalogue of the Ma- rine Polyzoa contained in the British Museum, 2 vols. 8vo. Busk, M.M. The History of Spain and Portugal from B.C. UKlO to A. D. 1814, Lon., 18;i3, 8voj pub. by the Soc. for D. U. Knowledge. "The running narrative, constantly enlivened by anecdote, of which the subject is prolific, leaves us no time to be dull. A well- analyzed chronological table is prefixed, as well aa a useful table of coutents." — Lon. Gent. Mag. Busk, 31rs. 1. Biographical Sketches, European and Asiatic, Lon., p. Svo. 2. History of Mediaeval Popes, Emperors, *fec., 2 vols. p. Svo ; vols. iii. and iv., 1S56, p. Svo. 3. Plays and Poems, 2 vols. 12mo. Bussey, George Moir. Life of Napoleon, illustrated by 500 wood-engravings by Horace Vernet, 2 vols. Svo. '■This work is well and carefully written, and, as a contribu- tion to modem history, is entitled to a place in the library." — WfitminsliT Review. Bussiere, Paul, Surgeon. Profess. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1690, 1700. Buswell, John. An Historical Account of the Knighta of the most noble order of the Garter, from its institution, 1350, to the present time, 1757, Svo. " The present desi^'n is briefly to give such account of those il- lustrious Knij;hts who have been companious of this most noble Order, as may in some measure shew the cause of their being ad- mitted to so hi^h a dignity." — Pre/., p. 5. " Mr. Buswell seems to have executed this desirnf's Introd. " An eleu'ant and interesting work."— Dr. T. F. Dicdin. In ISIO M. Boulard pnb. in Paris, 8vo, a French trans, of this work, from the edit, printed at Oxford in 1799. Horse Juridieae Subseciva ; being a connected Series of Notes concerning the Geography, Chronology, and Lite- rary History of the principal Codes and original Docu- ments of the Grecian, Roman, Feudal, and Canon Law, Lon., 1804, 8vo ; 1S07, 8vo ; 3d edit., with additions, Lon., 1830, 8vo,- pub. in Phihada., 1808. "The author in the compilation of this work, appears to have freely used Schomlierg's Klements of the Roman Law, (■ an amusing and Buperflrial Utile work.') with a sprinkling of authorilies bor- rowed from Gibbon's 44th chapter. It Is an unfavourable specimen of Mr. Butler's labours, being noted neither for accuracy nor depth of research. It cont.ains, however, useful information upon the subjects of which it treats, and refers the student to authorities to assist him in a farther prosecution of each iiead of inquiry." See Marvin's Legal Bibl.; 2 llotfman's Leg. Student, 523; "8 ■West- minster Review, 422. It is included in vol. 2d of Mr. Butler's works. In 1S06 the Emperor of Austria renounced the empire of Germany, and a r|Uestion anise on its territorial e.\tent. This led to the publication of Mr. Butler's Notes on the chief Revolutions of the principal States which composed the Empire of Charlemagne, ic, 1S07, 8vo, repub. in 1812, 8vo, under the title of A Succinct History of the Geographi- cal and Political Revolutions in the Empire of Germany, or the Principal States which composed Ihe Empire of Charlemagne, Ac. This work did the author great credit, "There has been a book published by Mr. Butler on the German Con.stitution that I consider invaluable. Here will be found all the outlines of the subject. Let the detail be studied, wherever it is thought necessary, in Gibbon, [Lecture I.] I must once more re- mind you that the work of Mr. BuHer on the German Empire is Indispensably necessary. [Lecture i.]"—Prof. SmyWs Lectures on Modem H'dory. " Mr. Butler h.as produced a work of great curiosity and interest, Md one which must at the present period be peculiiirly acceptable. Me know, indeed, of no othew works, in this or any language, in which this regular series of information on the Germanic Kmpire oan be found."— SnteA Critic, July, 1813. 312 ' BUT It will be found in vol. 2d of Mr. Butler's works. Fearne's Essay on Contingent Remainders and Execu. tof-j- Devises, 6th edit,, with Notes, 1809, 8vo. '■ The study of this pi-ofouod and useful work .Mr. Butler greatly tiicilitated by his clear arrangement and intelligent notes." — Lim. Gtnt. Mug.. l'S32. We may mention that the 10th edit, of Fearne's Essay was pub. by Josiah W. Smith, Esq., Lon., 1844, 2 vols, r. 8vo; this edit, includes Mr. Butler's notes. Life and Writings of J. B. Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, Lon , 1SI2, 8vo. "The reader will do well to procure Mr. Butler's pleasing bio graphical Memoir of Bossuet." — Dr. T. F. Dibdis. Historical Memoirs of the English, Irish, and Scottish Catholics since the Reformation, Ac., 3d edit., consider- ably augmented, Lon., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. The Life of Eras- mus, with Historical Remarks on the State of Literature between the tenth and sixteenth Centuries, Lou., 1825, 8vo. An Historical and Literary Account of the Formu- laries, Confessions of Faith, or Symbolic Books of the Ro- man Catholic, Greek, and Principal Protestant Churches, 1816, 8vo; appended to this were ibur Essays, of which the last was the celebrated one on the Reunion of Chris- tians, which elicited much censure. Respecting this essay the author remarks in a letter to Dr. Parr : " Ihe chief aim of all my writings has been to put Catholic and Protestant into good humour with one another, and Catholics into a good humour with themselves. . . . I never had any notion that the reunion of Christians was practicable." It is certainly better to agree to disagree, than to disa- gree in the effort to agree. A Continuation of the Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints to the present time, Ac, 1823. The Book of the Roman Catholic Church, in a Scries of Letters addressed to Robert Southey, Esq., in his Book of the Church, 1825, Svo. Mr. Southey refers to this publication in his letters to John May, Esq., March 16, and to Rev. Robert Philip, Aug. 15, 1825: he reviewed it also in tlie Quart. Review, xxxiii. 1 ; xxxvi. 305 : see also Edin. Review, xliii. 125. As we h.ave not room to quote the statements of both par- ties, of course we shall give neither. Mr. Butler in the second vol., p. 59, of his Reminiscences, enumerates no less than ten replies which were elicited by this work. He answered his objectors in A Letter to the Rt. Rev. C. J. Blomfield, Bishop of Chester, 1825. and in his Vindication of the Book of the Roman Catholic Church, Ac., 1826, Svo. The Vindication elicited six additional replies (!) See Butler's Reminiscences, vol. ii. 62, which were noticed by Mr. B. in an Appendix to his Vindication. His Re- miniscences, a most interesting work, was pub. vol. i. 1822; vol. ii. 1827. For a biographical sketch of Mr. Butler, and notices of his publications, see Gent. Mag., 1832, 269. We have already referred to the collective edit, of his works, Lon., 1817, 5 vols. Svo. Mr. Bntler, following the example of his celebrated uncle, was a most diligent student. He tells us that " Very early rising, a systematic division of his time, abstinence from all company, and fiom all diversions not likely to amuse him highly. — from reading, writing, or even thinking on modern party politics, — and, above all, never permitting a scrap of time to be unemployed. — have supplied him with an abundance of literary hours. His literary acquisitions are principallv owing to the rigid observance of four rules: to dii-ect his attention to one literary object only at a time; to read the best work upon it, consulting others as little as possible ; when the subjects were contentious, to read the best book on each side ; to find out men of information, and when in their society, to listen, not to talk." Butler, Charles. Introduction to Algebra, Lon., 1800 : to the Mathematics, with notices of authors and their works, Oxf., 1814, 2 vols. Svo. Butler, Clement Moore, D.D., b. ISIO, Troy, N. T. Year of the Church; a Poem. Common Prayer Book in- terpreted by its History. Old Truths and New Errors. Butler, D. Funeral Serm. on Sir Cloudesley Shovel, 1707, 8vo. Bntler, Frances Anne. See Kemble. Butler, George, D.D., Dean of Peterborough. Serm., Matt, xxviii. 18-20. Festival of the Sous of the Clergy, Lon., 1843, Svo. Butler, Mrs. H. 1. Love's Mazes. 2. Count Eu- genie ; novels, 1S06, '07. Butler, Lady Harriot. Memoirs from her MS., 1761, 2 vols. 12mo. Butler, Hon. Henry. To the Electors of Eng- land, 1809 ; on the Necessity of a Reform in Parliament, 1809. Butler, J. History and Picturesque Guide to the Isle of Wight, ISOfi, 12mo. Butler, James. Extent and Limits of Subjection due to Princes ; serm., Rom. xiii. 1, 1707, Svo. BUT BUT Butler, James. Justification of the Tenets of the Romiin Ciitlu'liL' Religion. 17S7, 8vo. Butler, John, Chaplain to James, Duke of Ormond. An Acciniiit of Time, stating the day, hour, and minute of our Saviiiur's Nativity, Lon., 1671, Svd. Kalendar, Scriptural and Astronomical, for live years, during and after Christ's Ministry, 1671, Svo. Serm., 1(>7S, 4to. As- trology, I6S0, Svo. Last Legacy, 16St), Svo. Bellua Ma- rina ; Hist. Descrip. of the Papal Empire from Prophecy, 1090. Svo. Butler, John, D.D., 1717-1S02, a native of Ham- burg, become a private tutor in the family of Mr. Child, a banker. He obtained the living of Everly. Wiltshire ; was made liij^hup of Oxfurd, 1777; and tnmylated to the see of Hereford, 1788. He pub. a number of poUtii-al tracts, and several sermons, 174li-7S. His discdurses and two charges were cidlected by him, and pub. in 18(11, under the title of Select Sermons, &c., Svo. "They appear to be the plain, serinns. .ind impressive dictates of the mind. They abound not with laboured ornaments and well-turned periods, but with attractions of a preferable kind. — with sriund sense and rational piety. We recommend both them [the charges'! and the sermons to the serious attentiouof the clergy and the public.'' — Lott. Montldy Kevieto. The Letters of Junius were at one time ascribed to this prelate. Butler, John. Brief Reflections on the Liberty of the British Subject : addressed to the Right Hon. Edmund Burke ; occasioned by his publication on the French Revo- lution. Canterb., 179"l, Svo. Butler, Joseph, 1692-1752, a very eminent prelate, was bnrn at Wantage, in Berkshire, where his father, a Presbyterian, was a respectable tradesman. Joseph was the youngest of eight children, and evinced at an early age those powers of mind for which he afterwards became so distinguished. His father designed him for the minis- try in hi.'? mvii den-iininntiou, and |ilaced him at a Dissent- ing academy in Tewkeslmrj' ; but an examination of the principles of the Church of England resulted in a deter- mination to enter its communion. Accordingly in 1714 he was received as a commoner of Oriel College, Oxford. At college he formed a friendship with Mr. Eilmund Tal- bot, son of Bishop Talbot, and to this fortunate alliance he was indebted fur his future preferment. In 1718 he was appointed preacher at the Rolls, which post he re- tained till 1720, in the beginning of which year he pub- lished Fifteen Sermons preached at the Hulls Chapel, of which a second edition appeared in 1729. Subsequently there were added to this collection. Six Sermons preached upon puldic occasions. '■In these adniii'iible di.scourses may plainly be discovered the germs of those principles of analogy which were afterwards de- veloped by him in his celebrated worli." "Of these ?ernions. considered as di^iiuisitions on the philoso- phy of morals and reli^^ion. it is diffiriilt to speak in terms of proper and commensurate commendation. Thev exhibit a rare combination of nearly all the excellencie.s of which compositions of this class are susceptible, and are. generally, remarkably free from most of the defects and blemishes of abstru.sely arirumenta^ tive sermons. They are chartreable. however, with one serious and capital deficiency — a deficiency of evangelical sentiment." — Cun- ninghani's Ti'og. /list. '■ Able and ar^'umentative, but fitter for the closet than the pulpit. More useful to give haViits of thinking, than to raise to communinn with Hod." — Bickersteth. In 1722 he was presented by Bishop Talbot with the benefice of Haughtun, which he exchanged in 1725 for that of Stanhope, where he i-emained for seven years. He was in this retired country parish, when Queen Caro- line asked whether he was not dead; to which it was an- swered, " No. madam, but he is buried." In 173^:^ he was appointed Chaplain to the Lord-Chancellor Talbot; and in three years afterwards he was made clerk of the closet to her Majesty. In 17.'i8 he was raised to the Bishopric of Bristol, and in 17o0 was translated to the See of Dur- ham. In the following year he delivered to the clergy of his diocese a charge, in which he sets forth the great value of external forms and institutes in religion. This charge was published, and elicited a pamphlet from an anonymous writer, entitled. A Serious Inquiry into the Use and Importance of External Religion, occasioned by some passages in the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Durham's Charge to the Clergy of that Diocese. He was a man of uncommon liberality of disposition, and ex- pended £401)0 in the repairs and enlbe^i^hment of the episcopal palace at Bristol — which was a larger sum than he received from the bishopric during his continuance in the see. He one day asked his steward how much money was in the house : to which it was answered, *' Five hun- dred pounds," ** Five hundred pounds !" exclaimed the worthy prelate, "what a shame for a bishop to have so much money in the house at one time !" He then ordered a great part of it to be distributed to the poor. Shortly after he had been seated in his new bishopric, his health began to decline, and in 1752 he died at Bath, in the sixty- first year of his age. He was never married. The piety of Bishop Butler was full of seriousness, humility, and tervoui. Filu-eu years after his decease, a declaration was published by an anonymous writer to the effect that the bishoyj had died in the communion of the Church of Rome. This falsehood was amply refuted by Archbkshop Seeker. "This stnnjre slander, founded on the weakest pretences, and most trivial circumstances, that can be ima^diied, no one was better qualified to confute than the archbishop ; as well from hiy lon^' and intimate knowled.^e of Bislxip Butler, as from the infor- mation given him at the time, by thoNe who attended his lordship in his last illness, and were with him when he died." — Bp, Por- teus's Life of Secktr. The last edit, of his works, with a Preface by Bishop Hali- fax, was pub. in 1849, 2 vols. Svo, at the Oxf. Univ. Press. We now come to speak of that great work, which will secure the veneration of the world for the name of Butler, as long as either religion or philosophy are held in esteem by mankind. The Analogy of Religion, Jsatural and Revealed, to the constitution and course of nature, ap- peared in the same year in which the author was made clerk of the closet to Queen Caroline. This work is less surprising when considered as the production of the same mind which twenty-fave years before (when Butler was a youth of nineteen at the Tewkesbury Academy) had asto- nished Doctor Clarke with the profundity of its disquisi- tions on his Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. It has been remarked that *' the same reach and sagacity of intellect which characterize all Butler's subse- quent performances are exhibited to the greatest advan- tage in these letters to Dr. Clarke." The Analogy ever "since its first publication, has been univer- sally considered as beyond comparison the ablest treatise on the philosophy of religion. As a preparation for the student of the evidences of natural and revealed relij^ion, it is invaluable; since it both annihilates the most formidable a pHori objections of the infidel, and is admirably fitted to form the mind to the serious and earnest pursuit of truth. To good men of a speculative turn of mind, who are tormented by the frequent recurrence of skeptical doubts, it has always proved an inestimal>le blessing; and even infidels have been compelled to acknowledge its superlative excel- lence as a piece of reasoning." '• Bishop Butler is one of those creative geniuses who give a cha- racter to their times. His preat work. The Analogy of Keligion, has fixed the admiration of all competent judges for nearly a cen- tury, and will continue to be studied so long as the language in which he wrote endures. The mind of a master pervades it. . . . There are in his writinL'sa vastness of idea, a reach and generaliza-- tioii of reasoning, a native simplicity and grandeur of thought, whirli <-nMini,iiuland till the mind. . . . He is amonerst the few classic autliM] s of the first rank in modern literature. He takes his place with Bacon and Pascal and Newton."— Bp. Wilson: Pref. to Anal. Mr. Hallam, in a dissertation of considerable length upon Bishop Cumberland's De Legibus Natura; Disqui- sitio Philosophica, shows under what obligations both Butler and Paley rested to this author. (Introduction to the Lit. Hist, of Europe.) Butler quotes the following observation of Ori gen's, (Phi- local..) and perhaps we may consider it as the text upon which he based his Analogy: " He who believes the Scriptures to have proceeded from Him who is the author of \ature. may well expect to find the same sort of difficulties in it as are found in the constitution of Xature." 'Mithers had established the historical and prophetical i^rounds of the Christian Relitrion. and that sure testimony of its truth which is found in its perfect adaptation to the heart of man: it was reserved for him to develope its analogy to the constitutioa and course of natiu-e: and. layimr his sti-ong foundations in the depth of that great arirument, tbiTi' to construct another and ii-re- fra'.'able proof, thus renderiii'-T I'hilMsnjiliy subservient to Faith; ' and finding: in outward and ^ isiblc ibiiiLrs. the type and evidence of them within the vail.'' — From the Kpituph on his Monument in Bristol Coihedral. "To a mind disposed to view with calmness, humility, and re- verence, the whole system of providence, so far as it is pei'mitted to man to view ' the work which God niakef h from the beirinning to the end,' Dr. Butler has unfolded the analo|:y. or relation of the I course of nature to reliirion. bv which all tbintrs are found to pro- ceed in harmony from Him. who hath made nothing imperfect. I ' think this preat performance of Butler has peculiar force, when it ; is considered in the conclusion of our ivliginus researches, and not as part of the ori^rinal proofs: or as Lord Bacon expresses himself, 'Tanquam pnrtum et fi^abbathum humanarum contemplationum I omnium.' fDe .\ug. Scientiar., lib. iii.]" — Pnrsiats of Litfraturi. I Dr. Chalmers pronounces Bishop Butler's Sermons to I contain '■ The most precious repository of sound ethical principles extant in any laURuage." But Dr. Wardlaw, in his Christian Ethics, designates Bishop Butler's moral system as that ''of Zeno baptized into Christ." 313 BUT •'ThatthereissuchalhinaasaOTKi-scnfnafKre none ran deny. ; This therefore, is the grounil on whii-h Butler taltes his stand, whereon he fixes a lever th.^t shakes the strongholds of unbelief even to their foundation; for on comparinR this scheme of nature with the scheme of revelation, there is found a most singular cor- respondence between the several parts.— such a corivspondence as gives very strong re.ison for believing that the author of one is the author of both. ' A^ hat if earth Be hut the shadow of he,iyen. and tbiuss therein ^ _^ ■ Each to each other like, more than on earth is Ihouirht, !-ee Quarterly Keview, vol. xliii. Ih^. " No author has made a more just and a more happy use of this mode of reasoning than Bishop Butler, in his Analngn nf RrXujmn. In that excellent work the author does not ground any ot the truths of religion upon analogy as their proper evidence; he only makes use of analogy to answer objections against them ^^ hen objections are made against the truths of religion, which ni:iy be made with equal strength against what we know to be true in the course of nature, such objections can have no weight. —Kaa s Essai/xrm IJn- liilMctwl rmiiers. ti oj Dr. Reid also notices in his Active Powers, lissay dd, the important distinction which Up. Butler makes " Between sudden anger or resentment, which is a blind impulse, arisiu" from our constitution, and that which is deliberate. Ihe first may be raised by hurt of any kind ; but the last can only be raised by injury, reiil. or conceived. Both these kinds of anger or res'entment are raised whether the hurt or injury be done to oui- selves or to those we are interested in." ^ To the Analogy are appended two dissertations : 1. On Personal Identity. 2. On tlie Nature of Virtue. In the first, Mr. Loclce's account of personal identity is considered "Refuted in a stvle which shows that h.ad he concentrated his attention up .n the philnsopbv of the human mind, he might have celinsed the fame of some of the greatest metaphysicians. In the second, he propounds and illustrates with great perspicuity the same theory of virtue on which he had before insisted in the pre- fiice to his sermons." ^ u ^ " We think that the illustrious Bishop of Durham has exhausted the subject I Personal Identitvl by slating fairly the opinions which he controverts, and by establishing his own upon a foundalion which cannot be shaken, and which are certainly not injured by the objections of Mr. Cooper."— Bucj/c. Bnl. , . , ^, , Our eminent author has been compared with the cele- brated American philosopher— Jonathan Edwards. " Mr Edwards comes nearer Bishop Butler as a philosophical divine th.an any other theologian with whom we .are .acf|u;iinted. His style, like Butler-s, is very much that of a man thinking aloud. In both these authors, the train of thinking in their own minds is more clearly exhibited to us than perhaps by any other author, whilst they show us with great truth and distinctness, what their notions are. and how they came by them, with very little concern about the form of expression in which they are conveyed. Butler, however, had a larger mind than Kd%vards. and was by no means so much of a mere dialectician. If. therefore, he be less acute than the American, he is more comprehensive, and gives fairer play to every opposing argument." — Encyc. Brit. , i . Lord Kames, speaking of devotion as being natural to man, adils, in a note, j . o '■ See this principle beautifully explained and illuslratcd in a her- ■ I ^ 1 p.-,. J 1... T^...,f.,.. r(„, i>iu<'he, 1842 ; 4. Halifax, last ed., 1.S44 ; 5. Wilson, 7th ed,, 1841; ; 6, Sir G. W. Craufurd, 3d ed., 1847 ; 7. Wilkinson, 1847; last ed., 1863; 8. Fitzgerald, 1848; 9. Hutton, last ed., ISo.i: 10. Angus, I85,i ; II. (Jorle. 1S57; 12. Steere, 1857 To these may be added the American edits.: 13. Bishop Hohart; 14. Rev. B. F. Tefft ; 15. Rev. Albert Barnes, last ed., (Bon.,) 1S51 ; 16. Rev. Drs. Emory and Crooks. 1856: 17. Howard Malcom, D.D., 1S57, '■His qrral work on the Analogy of Kdigim to the Course of Naturr, though only a commentary on the singularly original and pre-nant.Vss.age of Origen, which is so honestly prehxed to it as a motto, is notwithst.anding, the most original and profound work extant in any language, on the Philosophy of Religion, llis ethical discussions are contained in those deep, and sometimes dark Dissertations, which he preached at the Chaiiel of the Rolls, and afterwards published under the name of *rmons. while he was yet fresh from the schools, and full of that courage with which youth often delights to exercise its strength in abstract reasoning, and to push its faculties into the recesses of abstruse speculation. In these sermons he has taught truths, more capable of being exactly distinguished from the doctrines of his predecessors, more satisfactorily established by him, more comprehensively applied to particulars, more rationally connected with each other, and therefore more worthy of the name of dimnxi-y, than any with which we are acquainted ; if we ought not, with some hesitation, to except the first steps of the Grecian philosophers towards a theory of morals. . . . There are few circumstances more remark- able than the small number of Butler's followers in Ethics; and it is perhaps still more observable, that his opinions were not so much rejected, as overlooked. It is an insUnce of the importance of style. No thinker so great was ever so bad a writer. Indeed, the ingenious apologies which have been lately •■'jtemptod for this defect amount to no more than that his power of thought was too much for his skill in language. How general must the reception have been of truths so certain and momentous as those contained in Butler's Discourse.s— with how much more clearness must they have appeared to his own great underst^inding, if he had possessed the stren-th and distinctness with which Iloblies enforces odious falsehood, or the unspeakable charm of that t™,"''P?,''f"* ''V'*'™ which clothed the unfruitful paradoxes of Berkeley I — Snt J1ME9 i,it.n\stOin: -id rrelim. Dissert, to Encyc.Bnt. From the preface to Dr. Angus's edit, (which the Key. Dr. T. H. Home, in a private letter, especially commends as worthy of our attention) we extract the following : '■I know of no author who h,as ni.ade a more just and happy use of analogical reasoning than Bishop Butler in his 'Analogy of Ke- lit^ion.'" — Dr. Thom.xs Rkid. . °'The most original and profound work extant in any language on the philosophy of religion."— Sm J. Mackintosh; Frogress of "The'most argumentative and philosophical defence of Chris- tianity ever submitted to the world."— Lord Brooge.vm; A Disc. "■''"The autho'rVvviiom I am under the greatest obligations is Bishop Butler." ' The whole .,f this admirable treatise— one of the most remarkable that any language can produce-;-is intended to mon upon the Love of God, by Doctor Bnler.l . a writer of ihe first rank."-.S/.-cte;ics of the Ihsl.oy „/ l/,,,.. vol iv. " Every reader nf Butler's Sermons must be sensible, that they afford an admir.al.le proof nf his sag.acity in treating moral ques- tions We cannot hut think that what he hath advanced, on the several subiects discussed by him. is decisive ; and hat he ought forever to have silenced those philosophers who resolve .all human actions into the sole principle of self-love. It should ho remem- bered that our author's Sermons are chiefly to be considered as pln- losophic.al and moral discourses, addressed to a select auditory; for thev can by no means be regarded as general models of preaching. The obscurity of Butler's style has been frequently ob- jected to. And vet both the Sermons and the Analogy had received the revision of the accurate and perspicuous Seeker. M.tinwaring, in his Dissertation on the Composi- tion of Sermons, whilst ho greatly commended Bishop But- ' ^-^^^^^p Butler tban'I have bee ler's writings also refers to this imputed want of clearness range of our extant authorship. % \ t " Treatise, Pref of style : , i,. 1 " Newton and Locke, who rescued learning from the si systems, and tau-ht men to think for themselves, were both laity and both friends to revealed relirion. Since their _ other writer arosr.. whose vein of thinking is alike origi: w-hose works. thnii._.b he bad neither the gitt of eloquence, nor the art of exm-essiiig biios.lf wilh gr.ace or ease, have done honour to his country The m.^tbod of reasoning he chielly adopts, is an ap- peal to fails, of which all men are judges; and even when most abstruse or abstracted, it is not perplexed or fallacious. lor meta- nhysics which had nothing to support it but mere abstraction, or sh.adowy speculation. Bishop Butler hath placed on the firm basis of observation and experiment: and, by pursuing precisely the show that the principles of moral government taught in the Scrip- tures are strictly analogous to those everyvvliere exhibited in the government of the world as seen in natural religion. -DE. Wit- Liro: 3fcra! P7i .7.. p. 5; /nW.P'ii'., p. 338. 1 "I am ready to acknowle.lge that I trace so distinctl.y to his writing's the oj-igin of the soundest and clearest vnews that I pos- Teas upon the nature of the human mind, that I could not write upon this or any kindred subject without a consciousness that 1 was, directly of indirectly, borrowing largely from hun. — UB. O'Bmr.ti- Sermoyi.'ionihe ITuman Nature qt our Lord. " It is from this hook that I have been confirmed in many truths of which it does not speak a word and which probably never entereil the mind of the autbor."— Dr. McCrie: ii/c.p. 84. I have derived greater aid from the views and reasonings of - - ■ • n able to find besides in the whole De. Ch.vlmers: Bridgeviater same mode of reasoning in the science of morals, as his fea' P'' decessor Newton had done in the system of nature, hath formed and concluded a happy alliance between liiith and philosophy. The Sermons he published, excepting some tew of a more popular cast, are deep disquisitions on the plan of his Ana'.ogy. w'ell suited to a learned audience, in an .age so fond of enquiry, although the im- propriety of preaching them appeared to him to require some apolo-v. But surely such an exercise of the understanding, if the hearers are capable of it, must meliorate the heart, "esides. 1 cannot but wish, that, as there is so great an abundance ot the practical sort, some sermons were written chiefly with a view to 311 mains of.iiy J. B..\^^^^. , „ «_ t, ■ ., io=; "I am an entire disciple of Butler."-CECIl: Rcmairj. , p. IM. Butler, Lilly, D.D., Vicar of St. Mary. Alderman- bury, London, 1601 ; Prebendary of Canterbury. Ser- mons, pub. separately. 16- servation. But these sources are often so unknown to the I'eader that the wit loses its effect through the obscurity of its allusions, and he yields to the bane of wit, a purblind, mole-like pedantry. His versification is sometimes spirited, and his rhymes humorous; yet he wants that ease and How which we require in light poetry." — IIallam: Introdiict. to Lit. JJiitmy. Mr. Hallam's critique has not itself escaped criti- cism, but we consider the opinions above quoted as very just. It may be true, as alleged, that to the historical reader the events of the Pvevolution are generally well known, but even the historian must tax his recollection in reading Hudibras, and there can be little opportunity for amusement when the mind is engaged in coaxing the me- mory. Hudibras is a work to be studied once, and gleaned occasionally. It may continue neglected, but can never be entirely forgotten. Butler, Samuel, 1774-1840. a native of Keuilworth, Warwickshire, was educated at Rugby School and St. John's College. Cambridge, where he was highly distinguished for his classical proficiency, oldaining two of Sir AVilliam Browne's medals for the Latin odes, and one for the Greek, and being elected Craven schtdar in 1703, against Kcate, Bethell, and Coleridge. He was elected a Fellow of his College in 1797; appointed head-master of vShrewsbury School. 1798 ; Bishop of Lichfield, 1S36. The bishop pub. a numl)er of works, consisting of classical treatises, ser- mons, tracts against Priestley, (pnh. 1783, '84, '86 ; 3d edit., 1812,) and several geographical works, which have had large circulation. A new edit, of his Atlas of A. and M. Geography, edited by his son, was putt, in 1853, 2 vols. His most important undertaking was his edit, of .^schylus, for which arduous duty he w.as specially selected about the time of his appointment to the mastership of Shrewsbury School. This elaborate work was pub. in 4 vols. 4to; also in 6 vols. 8vo, 1806-12. See a list of this worthy and learned prelate's publications in the Gent. Mag., February, 1840. The Bishop's Discourse on Christian Liberty (Shrewsbury, Svo) has been praised as " .A.n aide sermon. This eminent scholar seems to have a clear insight into the free constitution of Christianity. He is er|ually the enemy of superstition and of intolerance." — Lon. MontJtly lie- posifnr;/. Butler, Samuel. The Australian Emigrant's Com- plete Guide, ISmo. '• We have not seen any single work, great or small, where so large a body of really useful and practical information was to be found as in this little volume." — T/m Scotsman. "We recommend the Australian immigrant's Guide strongly for perusal." — Dumfries Times. Emigrant's Complete Guide to Canada. "Whether we regard the amount of the inform.itinn. or the manner in which it is condensed and arranged, we must say Mr. Butler has done good service to the cause of Kmigration." — Gretn. A-r. Butler, Captain T. The Little Bible of the Man. "Printed in the first year of England's Liberty, lH4i>." In this singular little volume the progress of the CLris- tian's Life is characterized under the several Books of the Bible, from Genesis to Isaiah. Butler, Thomas, Doctor of the Canon and Civil Laws. A Treatise of the Holy Sacrifice of the Altar, called the Masse, Lon., 1570. 16nio, from the Italian. Butler, Thomas, M.D. A Method of procuring any quantity of Fresh Water at Sea, Lon., 1755, 8vo. *' Dr. 15. "s plan is to add a ijuart of strong so.ip leys to fifteen gallons '>f salt water, which will yield twelve gallons of fresh wa- ter, by distillation."' — Dr. Watt: BVA.Brit. 315 BUT BUT Butler, Weeden, 1V42-1823, a native of Margate, ' 2. Letters on the Development of Christian Doctrine : a was curate to tlio celebrated Dr. Dodd, and his successor Reply to ,T. H. Newman. D.D., [.?. .•.. No 14.J "ditcd by at Charlotte Chapel, Pimlico. He kept a classical school -Dean Woodward, Dubl., ISdO. 8vo ; 18o4, «vo ; 1 sob. svo. at Chelsea for 40 years, and — to his praise be it spoken 'planned ami instituted the .SiiNnAY School of that pa- rish." He pub. .Sermons, 1798. '99: Memoirs of Mark Hildesley, D.D., Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, 17H9; of the Rev. Dr. Stanhope. Dean of Canterbury ; Jortin's Traits. 1790, 2 vols. 8vo; The Cheltenham Guide, Svo, j and Wilcock's Roniiin Conversations, 1797, 2 vols. Svo. Butler, Weedeu, Jr., son of the above, and also a divine. The French Republic and the Helvetic Body; trans, from the French, Lon., 1794, Svo. Bagatelles, 1795, Svo. The Wrongs of Uuterwalden, trans., 1799, Svo. Zimao, the African ; trans., Lon., 1800, Svo ; 2d edit., 1807, 12mo. Butler, William, Preliendary of St. Paul's. Ser- mons pull. ,cpar.-ilcly. 1704, '12, '15, '19, '22, '21!, '24, '29. Butler, William, 1748-1S22, a native of St, John's, near Worcester, was long a well-known teacher of writing and geography, and pub. several school-books which have been used for many years in the schools of EngLaud. In- trodue. to Arithmetic, 17S5, Svo. Arithmet. Questions on a new plan, 1795, Svo. "In a bonk nf i-ommon Arithmetic we did not expect to find thatvarii't^ nt itit.i m.ttion wbiL-h this work contains Asa book of u.'iii 111 iii^i iiirtion and amusement, altogether uncon- nected with ;iiiUiiiuli< al rules, it does honour to the compiler, and deserves to be remembered." — Lim. Mi'iithly Feview, vol. xxii.. New Series. Also see commendations in the Monthly Preceptor, vol. Ti. ; European Mag., vol. i. ; Dr. Willich's Domestic En- cyclopedia; Edgeworth's Practical Education. Chronological, Biographical, Historical, and Miscellane- ous Exercises on a new plan, designed for daily use, 1798, 12mo. *' We have .seldom seen such a quantity of useful information in BO small a compass." — British Critic, vol. xxx. o It does great credit to the information and industry of its au- thor." — Eclectic Kevifw, vol. vi. See also Critical Review; Monthly Review; Literary Panorama; Gent. Mag. Exercises on the Globes, 1798, 12mo. " One of the best books of the kind that have come before us." —Britisli CVitic. " It would be ditlicult to fix upon any book of equ.il size that contains so uiuch iuteresfin^! matter on almost every subject." — Auxin's Annual l-'eriew, vol. vii. See Monthly Review; Ladies' Monthly Museum; Monthly Visiter ; European Mag. Arithmetical Tables, 1802. 32mo. " Various t:ib!es, with which it is necessary that the minds of both sexes should be made thorou^^'hly acquainted." — Monthly Visitor. Geographical Exorcises on the N. Testament, 1813, 1 2mo. *' lie slathers flowers from the fields and jcardens to strew the p.ith of learning, and encourage the progress of the student." — Emngeliod Mig., 1.S14. See European Mag. ; Literary Panorama. Butler, William Allen, b. 1825, a native of Albany, New York, and sou of Benjamin F. Butler, late Attorney- General of the United States, graduated at the New York University in 1S43. He travelled in Europe from July, 1846, to December, 1848, and on his return commenced the practice of the law in the city of New York. Mr. Butler has contributed a number of papers to the Demo- cratic Review, and The Literary World. " He has wit. and humour, a lively fancy, and a style natural and flexilile abiiundiug in felicities of expression. In generjil. he writes hastilv. and finishes a piece at a sittiu;^." — Griswold^s Poets and Puetrt/ of America. The poetical piece entitled The Incognita of Raphael, possesses great beauty, and will remind the reader of one of the most celebrated compositions of modern times. Nothing to Wear: an Episode of City Life, N. York, 1857, ISmo : many edits, in England and America. "The nonsense, on the whole, is good nonsense; and we have quoted it [entirel in order that the grave reader may find some- thing in to-day's number of the Athenxutn that he may safely skip if he pleases." — Lnn. Atfifn., 1857, 1320. Two Millions: a Satire, 1858, 12mo. Not without merit, but exhibiting great carelessness in versificntion. Butler, William Archer, 1814-1848. a native of Anncrville, near Clonmel, Ireland. He was born and edu- cated a Roni.an Catholic, hut became a Protestant, and entered Trinity College. Dublin, in which institution ho was appointed (the first) Professor of Moral Philo.sopby in 1837. 1. .Serins., with a Memoir by Rev. (Dean) Thomas Woodward. Dubl., 18 10. Svo; 3d cd., Lon., 1855. Svo; Phila., 1856, 12mo; 2d Series. Camb., 1S55, Svo; Phila., 1857, Svo: see Jereuie, James Ameriaux, D.D., No. 4. 31C 3. Letters on Romanism : a Reply to Cardinal Wiseman, edited by Dean Woodw.ard, Lon.. 1854. Svo; 1856, Svo. 4. Lccts! on the Hist, of Ancient Philosophy, edited, with Notes, by Wm. Hepworth Thompson, Camb., 1856, 2 vols. Svo: Phila., 1857. 2 vols. Svo. "I have seen enough of tbem to be convinced of their great scientific value, and am much gratified in finding so important a eiibjpct treated with so much learning and acut.-ncss."— SlE W M. H.\M1I.T0N. Prn/esfor nf Logic awl Mitaphi/tics. Edinburgh. Also commended by the Lon. Examiner. Butler, William John, Vicar of Wantage. Lec- tures on the Prophecies, 1S38. 12mo. 25 Serms.. 1847. Butler, Miij. -General William O., of Kentucky, is the aiitliiir nf :i number of poetical pieces; of which The Boat Horn is one of the most popular. Butley, John. Sermons, 1746, '48, '54, Svo. Butt, George. Sermons, 1775, '76, '85, '93, Svo. Butt, Isaac. Lectures on Protection to Home Indus- try, Oxf , Svo. The Poor Law Bill for Ireland Examined, Lon., 1837, Svo. "A clever, well-written pamphlet, which deserved more atten- tion than it appears to have met with."— JfcCuttorfi's Lit. of Pdit. Economy. Butt, J. M. Queries on the Doctrine of the Church of England respecting Baptism, Ac. Oxf, 1824, 12mo. " A very useful little work, compiled by a sound and learned divine." — Loioridfs's Brit. Lilir. Butt, James Strode. Mathomat. Con. to Nic. Jour.. ISOfi. Butt, John Marten. The Revelation of St. John, 1804. Prophecy of Daniel, Lon., 1SU7, ISmo. The Last Vision of Daniel, 1808, ISmo. The Divinity of the Apo- calypse, 1809, 12mo. Butt, Martha Halnei?, h. 1834. Va. Anti-Fanati- cism ; a tiilc lit the South. Contrib. to numerous journals. Butt, K. G. 1. Appeal to the Public. 2. Sherborne Castle, and other Poems, 1S15, '16. Butt, Thomas, Rector of Kinnersley, and Curate of Trcnth;iui. Serms. preached in the Parish Church of Trentham. Lim., 1838, Svo. Buttan, Christopher, D.D. Sermon, ISOS. Butter, Alex., .Surg. Con. to Ediu. Med. Ess., 1734. Butter, Mrs. H. Vensenshon ; or, Love's Mazes, 1S06, 3 vols. ,„,» „ Butter, Henry. Kev to the Old Testament, 1817, Svo. Butter, William, M.D., 1726-1805, studied at Edin- burgh, practised at Derby, and afterwards at London. Cure for the Stone, Edin., 1754, 12mo. Dissejtatio do Frii'oro quatenus Morborum Causa, Edin., 1757, Svo. Dissertatio Medica et Chirurgica de Arteriotamia, Edin., 1761, Svo. Treatise on the Infantile Remittent Fever, Lon., 1782, Svo. Other profess, treatises. Butterfleld. Microscopes and Magnetic Sand, Phil. Trans., 1698, Ac. . Butterfleld, Henry, of Trinity Church. Newington. Homilies for earnest Imiuirers, Lon., 1839, 12ino. Butterfleld, Svvithurne. A Suramarie of the Prin- ciples of Christian Religion, Lon., 1582, Svo. Catechisme, 1590, Svo. .„, ,„ Butterman,W. Arithmetical Works, 1805, '06, 12mo. Butterworth. Works on Writing and Arithmetic. Butterworth, John. A New Concordance and Diet, of the Holy Scriptures, 1767, '83: and 3d edit., by Dr. Adam Clarke, with alterations, 1816, Svo. "This is in a great measure a judicious and valuable abridg- ment nf Mr Cruden's Concordance. Singular pains were bestowed by its compiler, in order to insure correctness, by collating every word and reference in the proof sheets with the several texts of the liible."— r. H. Home's Jntrnduc. Butterworth, liaAVrence. Superexcellency of the Christian Religion Displ.ayed, Ac, 1784, Svo. Thoughts on Moral Government and Agency, 1792, Svo. In those treatises the views of Mr. Lindsoy and Dr. Priestley are criticized. Buttes, Henry, Fellow of Christ Church, Oxford. Dyet's Dry Dinner: consisting of eight scueral Courses. 1. Fruitcs. 2. Hearbes. 3. Flesh. 4. Fish. 5. Whit- meats. 6. Spice. 7. Sauce. 8. Tobacco. All serucd in after the order of Time Vniuersall, Lon., 1599, 16mo. See a portrait of the author of this curious work in H.arding's Biographical Mirror. Button, Edward. Trans, of the Persian Tables, 1764. Button, John. Poems, 1804, 4to, and a vol., 1809,12mo. Button, William, a Baptist minister. Reni.arks on " The Gospel of Christ worthy, Ac," 1785, 12mo. A Dic- tionary of the Bible, 1796. BUT BYG "Button's Diet, of the BiVile. compared ■with Brown's, is Bot un- like Butterworth's Concordance compared with Crudeii's: com- prising much useful mattfr in a small space." — Dr. E. Williams. '• By means of a very small, but clear, type, a vast quantity of matter is comprised within the compass of this little volume. The book, without doubt, may be serviceable to many." — British Critic^ O. S., X. liUl. Buttonshaw, Thomas. A Defense of Bishop Iloadly's Plain Account of the Nature and End of the Lord's Supper, Lon., 1747, 8vo. Butts, Robert, Bishop of Norwich, 1732, '33, trans, to Ely, 1738. Sermon on the Accession, 1712, 4to; ditto before the House of Lords, 1737, 4to. Charge to his Clergy, 1740, 4to. Buxton, Charles. Memoirs of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart., with selections from his correspondence, by his son ; 3d edit., Lon., 1851, Svo. *' Ihe editor has been contented to rely as far as possible on the correspondeuce and diaries in his possession, and the anecdotes furnished by a few elder friends: but both classes of material well deserved in this case the advantajre of a neat setting, and have re- ceived it. . . . It is highly creditable for bis son to have produced thus early a biography generally clear, yet seldom profuse — and though shewiiig entire sympathy with the cours^e portrayed, hardly ever using language that will offend any candid reader."' — Lon. QvarUn-l;/ h'evi^w. June, 1848. "One of the most thoroughly well-written pieces nf bingraphy that have issui^d from the modern press." — Erauf/elical M-ig. "The memoirs will teach the world to do full justice to the cha- racter of a true English gentleman." — Lon. Daily News. Vide post. Buxton, Isaac, M.B. Regulated Tcmnerature for Invalids' Chambers, Lon., 1810, Svo. Buxton, Jarvis Baring, late Rector of St. John's Church. Fayetteville. N. Carolina. Parish Serms., N.Y., 8vo. '■The style of these discourses is ner^-ous and unambitious: they are niarkeil by sincerity and piety, and a fnil persuasion that the preacher is delivering to his hearers the true meaning of the Sacred Scriptures. It is an excelleut volume for the instruction of the laity, and should find its place in every parish library. The younger clergy may with profit master the sound doctrine here contained, and Ktiuly to catch the glow of spirit and the devotion to the church which are exhibited on every page." — Kew I'oi'k Chwckmtm. Buxton, Richard. Guide to Flowering Plants near Maiu-be^tcr. Lnn., is('.f, 12mo. Buxton, Sir Thomas FoAvell, 1786-1845, one of the noblest examples of philanthropic zeal of modern times, wns a native of Earl's Colne, Essex ; M.P. for AVeymouth, 1818-1837; created a baronet. 1840. In con- junction with his sister-in-law, Elizabeth Fry. and his brother-in-law. Mr. Hoare, he personally laboured in the important cause of Prison Discipline, As the successor of William Wilberforce, in his praiseworthy efTorts to abolish the Slave Trade, Mr. Buxton's persevering and successful labours are well known. He pub. an Inquiry whether Crime and Misery are Produced or Prevented by our Present System of Prison Discipline, Lon., 1S18, Svo; 4th edit., Edin., 1818, 8vo; and a treatise on the African Slave-Trade, 8vo ; several edits. "In 1S40 he was created a baronet, — a dignity to which his public character and large private fortune well entitled him, but which he accepted rather as an acknowledgment of merit rendered valuable by the slanderous attacks which had been made upon hiiu than as an object of personal ambition. No man was more exempt from vanity than Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton : his manners were too plain and bis mind was too elevated for such a puerility. Buxton's great merit as a public man consisted in his industry, his energy, and his straightforward honesty of purpose. He never aftected display, for he had the good taste to despise it; yet he was always favourably beard, not only because he was the acknow- ledged bead of the religious party, but because his statements were stamped with authority: they were known and felt to be true, and they were put forward with a manner and perspicuity which essentially belong to truth. It was his principle to address himself to the understanding and not to the passions of his au- dience; and he rarely failed eventually in producing conviction. lie was eminently a religious man; and those who knew iiim privately can testify to the earnestness and humble faith with which he always submitted the event of his important labours with pious resignation to the will of God. He was a faithful and affectionate member of the Church of England: but he was not the man to regard sectarian differences as of importance where he found hand and heart united in zealous effort for the good of man- kind. Although he had selected for himself a peculiar path of charity, he was liberal in his support of all benevolent institu- tions, and particularly of the Bible and Missionary Societies and such as had for their olyects the education and improvement of the poor." — Obituary notice in Lon. Gent. Mug., May, 1846, 51=)-646. We need .such examples of noble disinterestedness as Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton to cheer our hopes of humanity, by proving to us that the world is not "wholly given to [self] idolatry." Buxton, William. Ship-Owner's Manual of Mercan- tile Marine, Lon., 1862, 12mo. Buy, William, Narrative of the Second Siege of Zaragossa; from the Ppanish, Lon., 1S09, Svo. Buyers, William, missionary at Benares. Recol- lections of Northern India, 1840, Svo. Letters in India, with Special Reference to the Spread of Christianity, 1848, 12mo. " Such a practical manual was much needed as a guide to mis- sionaries, and as a means of instruction to the triends of missions Id general." — Lon. Evangelical Mag. Byam, Francis. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1755: Im- pression on a Stone; Quantity of Rain in Antigua. Byam, Henry, D.D.. 1580-10f;u, a native of Somer- setshire, was entered of Exeter College, Oxford, 1097; elected a student of Christ Church, 1699; Prebendary of Exeter, lOol. He was distinguished for his loyalty, and four of his live sons were captains in the royal army. His wife and daughter were drowned in flying trom the rebels. During the Rebellion be was deprived of his dignities, but alter the Pie&turatiou was made Canon of Exeter, and Pre- bendary of Wells. He was the lather of the governor alluded to in Southern's play of Oroonoko, whom Mrs. Behn satirizes. A Sermon. Lon., 1628, 8vo. Thirteen Sermons; most of them preached before Charles 11. in his e.xile; with a life of the author, by Mr. Ward, Lon., 1676, Svo. *• For sanctity of life, for learning, charity, and loyalty, scarce to be equalld by any in the age he lived." — Alhc.n. Oxfin. Bycrley, John Scott, Novels, dramatic, poetical, and political pieces, 1803-14. The Prince: trans, from the Italian of IMachiavelli ; to which is prefi.xed an Intro- duction, showing the clof^e analogy between the Principles of Machiuvelli, and the Actions of Bonaparte, 1810, Svo. "■To translate 'The Prince' of Machiavelli is to wiite the life of Bonaparte, and the Secret History of the Court of St. Cloud." — Tide Introduction. Byfield, Adoniram, a zealous "Commonwealth- man," satirized in Hudibras. The Grand Debate between Presbytery and Independency; with other tracts, Lon., 1652. 4to. Byfield, Nathaniel, 1653-1733, Member of the Council of Mas.sachusetts. Account of the Picvolution in New England; together with the Declaration of the Gentle- men, Merchants, and Inhabitants of Boston, 4tc., 1689, 4to. Byfield, Nicholas, b. about 1579. d. 1652, a native of Warwickshire, was an eminent Puritan divine. He be- came a servitor of Exeter College in 1579, was invited to be pastor of St. Peter's Church, Chester, and subsequently, in 1615, Vicar of I.-^lewortb. Expo.'^ition of the Epistle to the Colossians, Lon., 1615, fol. This contains "the sub- stance of neare seven years' wccke-dayes." "It is full of good sense and spiritual sa^ our. and abounds with pertinent citations of Scripture, without any pretensions to ora- torical dress." — Bb. E. ^Vii.liams. "It has much spiritual instruction." — Bickersteth. Serm. on the 1st chap, of 1st Peter, 1617, 4to. Essay concerning the Assurance of God's Love and Man's Sal- vation. 1614, Svo. The Marrow of the Oracles of God, A;c., 1622, 12mo. Sermon on the 1st Epistle General of Peter, 1623, 4to. Exposition of the Apostles' Creed. 1626. 4to. A Commentary on the first Chapters of 1st Peter, 1637, fob *' An excellent Puritan exposition." — Bickersteth. Other treatises. " He was a strict observer of the Lord's Day, and preached and wrote for the sincere observance of it." — AUu-n. Orr. No. 693. and read this sweet pastoral. Byrom's poems will be fcnind in Johnscm and Chalmers's English Poets. 1821, 21 vrd.s. r. Svo, and his life in Biog, Brit., and Chalmers's Biog, Diet. Byrom, John. Assize serm.. Rom. xiii. 1, 1681. 4to. Byron, Sliss. The English Woman; a Novel. 189,5, 5 vols. Hours of Affluence, and Days of .Indigence. 1899, 2 vols. The Modern Villa, and the Ancient Castle. 1819, 3vols.l2mo. TheEnglishman.18ll.6vols.12mo. Bache- BYR lor's Journal, inscribed (without permission) to the Girls of England, ISU, 2 vols. 12mo. " An in^'eiiious history of feelings and observations, displaying some kuowlea-^eofhuuian nature, and written in a creditable style, yet having so little either of plot or story, that most readers will ■wish the bachelor to have abridged his journal."— jUn. Monthly Sevieiv. 1815. Byron, Mrs. Anti-I>elphine; a Novel, 1806, 2 vols. 12mo. Drelincourt and Rodalvi ; or Memoirs of two Noble Families. 1SU7, S vols. 12mo. "The title-page of this work seemed to threaten us with a tale of horror, and the preface added to our fuars. We were happy, however, to find the author speedily indulging in a sportive rather than a terrific humour; and to meet also some just reflections arising naturally from the scenes portrayed by the fancy of the writer." — Lon. Monthly Rpview. 1810. The Borderers, 1812. 3 vols. 12010. Byroi), George Anson, Lord, successor to the suc- ceeding, and seventh Lurd Byron. A Narrative of the Voyage of his Majesty's Ship Blonde to the Sandwich Is- lands, in 1824, '25, 4to, with platos. Byron, George Gordon, Lord, January 22, 178S- Aprii 19, IS24. was the only child of Copfain John Byron of the Ouards, and Miss Catherine Gordon of Gight, in Aberdeenshire. The celebrated Admiral Byron was grand- father to tho subject Oi* our memoir. "It has been said of Lord Byron that he was proiider of being a descendant of those Ryrons who accompanied William the Con- queror into England, than of having been the author of Childe Harold and Manfred." The name of Ralph de Burun occurs in Doomsd.ay-book among the principal tenants of Nottinghamshire; and his descendants, the Lords of Horestan Castle, held large pos- sessions in Derbyshire and Lancashire. The name of Byron acquired fresh distinction at the siege of Calais un- der Edward III., and in the fields of Cressy. Bosworth, and Marston Moor. In the reign of Henry VIIL, on the dis- solution of the monasteries, the church and priory of New- stead, with the lands adjoining, were by royal grant con- ferred upon "8ir John Byron the Little, with the great beard.'' At tbe coronation of James I. his grandson was made a Knight of the Bath, and in the year 1643, [temp. Charles I..) Sir John Byron, "great-grandson of hira who succeeded to the rich domains of Newstead," was created Baron Byron of' Rochdale, in the county of Lancaster. This honour was well deserved, for "Sir John Biron. afterward Lord Biron, and all his brothers, bred up in arms and valiant men in their own persons, were all passionately the king's," — 0>h Hidchinson^s Mfnifnrs. Cul. Hutchinson was cousin-german to Sir Richard Bi- ron, and when the latter advised him to surrender his cas- tle, ho returned an answer that '■Except he found his own heart prone to such treachery, he might consider there was. if nothing else, so much of a Biron's blood in him. that he should very much scorn to betray or quit a trust he had undertaken." At the battle of Edgehill there were no less than seven brothers of the Byron family on the field. William, third Lord Byron, succeeded his father. Richard, second Lord Byron, in 1679. About 1750 the shipwreck and sufferings of the Hon. John (afterw.ards Admiral) Byron, second son of William, fourth Lord Byron, excited the public attention and sympathy. In 1765 the name was brought less credit- ably into notice, by the trial before the House of Peers, of the fifth Lord Byron, for killing in a duel, or rather, hasty quarrel, his relative, Mr. Chaworth. His lordship was indicted for murder, and only saved from the penalty attendant on manslaughter by pleading his peerage. He passed the rest of his life in seclusion at Newstead Abbey, dying in 1798, when the title and estates of the family were inherited by the subject of our memoir. The admiral's only son, John, became a captain of the Guard. He was conspicuous as one of the handsomest and most dissipated men of his time, and known familiarly as ** Mad Jack By- ron." In his 27th year he was the cause of a divorce be- tween the Marquis and Marchioness of Carmarthen, and married the lady himself. She survived their union but two years. Their only child was a daughter, Augusta By- ron, afterwards the wife of Colonel licigh. In the year following the death of his first wife. Captain Byron mar- ried Miss Catherine Gordon, only chilil and heiress of George Gordon, Esq., of Gight. in Aberdeenshire. The marriage was one of "convenience" on the part of the groom, and he soon found it convenient to sacrifice her estate to the importunities of his creditors : within two years Miss Gordon's very large property, {the estate alone being sold for £17.850,) with the exception of a trifle, was thus swallowed up. Mrs. Byron's acerbity of disposition has become world renowned, but we think that her bridal experience shoidd not be omitted when her character is to be weighed. Even a very amiable heiress may be pardoned for a little discomposure of temper, when she finds that she has fnllen a prey to a protligate fortune-hunter, who re- duces her in a few years from a splendid establishment to £150 per annum ! With such an unpromising honeymoon, we need not wonder that the union proved to be such only in name, and in a short time even the name was sacrificed to embittered passions, and *' Mad Jack Byron" returned to his bachelor life, only visiting the wretched woman whom he almost beggared, for the purpose of extorting more money from her scanty purse. At his last visit ha did not leave Aberdeen until he had succeeded in wringing from her a sufiicient sum to defray his expenses to Valen- ciennes, where in the year following, (17SI3,) to the relief of his wife in particular, and human niiture in general, ho terminated his most unprofitable existence. Ilis wiib>w was violently affected at the news of his death, tor she never lost her affection for him ; .and when the young By- ron's nurse would meet the Captain in her walks, the de- serted and injured, but still loving, wife, would '■ inquire with the tenderest anxiety as ti> his health and looks." How common is it to blame this unfi>rtunate woman as the cause of the mental, if not the moral, obliquities of the future poet; but is it not eh.aritable to suppose that such a melancholy reverse of fortune, eflected too b^' such means, — so bitter a disappointment in tho object of her affections, who, too, was "unmanly enough to taunt her with the in- C(}nveniences of that penury which his own extravagance had occasioned," — isit not charitable to suppose that health of mind may have been impaired, where the heart had suf- fered so much ? We will make one concession to the modern apologists for Lord Byron's character : bad as he was, he certainly was a better man than his father. In 1 798 the fifth Lord Byron, his great-uncle, died with- out issue, and George, then ten years of age, succeeded to tho title and estates of his family. He was now pliieed under the care of the Earl of Carli.sle, who had m.arried the sister of the late Lord Byron. The young nobleman was placed at Harrow Schnul, where he was more distin- guished for his love of manly sports than for any devotion to study. When 16 years of age he was one of a party assembled at the Hall of Annesley, the residence of the Chaworth family. Miss Chaworth was then eighteen, and a young lady of rare loveliness. Young Byron saw and loved. The aflections of the Lady were, however, already engaged, and had it been otherwise, the youthful lover seems to have had but a doubtful prospect of success. By- ron's admiration had been sufliciently obvious to its object, and, it would appear, to others ; for he was doomed to tho mortification of hearing her remark — or being informed of the speech by some gttod-natured friend — "Do you think I could care any thing for that lame boy?" This sarcasm "was like a shot through his heart. Tliough late at night when he heard it. he instantly darted out of the house, and, scarcely knowing whither he ran. never stopped till he found himself at Newstead." — Moore's Life of Bijron. It is a curious fact that neither Lord Byron nor his bio- grapher, Mr. Moore, seems to have been aware that Wil- liam, third Lord Byron, who (more successful than his kinsman) married, some time before 1679, Elizabeth, daughter of John, Lord Chaworth, was also a poet. See Thomas Shipman's Carolina, or Loyal Poems. 1683, 8vo. When between sixteen and seventeen, Byron was entered of Trinity College, Cambridge, and here he wasted the hours, which properly employed would have secured to him a solid foundation of learning, in reckless profligacy. He quitted college at nineteen, and took up his residence at the family-seat of Newstead Abbey, .and here he pro- pared for publication a number of his early productions, under the title of Hours of Idleness; A Series of Poems, Original and Translated. By George Gordon, Lord Byron, a Minor, 8vo, pp. 200, Newark, 1807. There was very little in this collection to attract more than passing notice, and notwithstanding some striking stanzas, it would, if the autlicu- had written nothing else, have hardly survived its year; but the Edinburgh Review thought a young lord too'good a mark to be despised, and they forthwith served him up for the entertainment of a public who had learned to relish their highly-spiced dishes. *' The poesy of this voung lord belongs to the class which neither gods nor men are said" to permit. Indeed we do not recollect to have seen a quantity of verse with so few deviations fiom that exact stand- ard. His efTusions are spread over a dead Hat. and can no more get above or below the level, than if they were so much stagnant water. As an fxtenuatinn of this offence, the noble author is peculiarly for- ward iu pleading minority. . . He possibly means to say, ' See how a minor can write! This poem was actually composed by a young man of eighteen, and this by one of only sixteen !' But. alas, we all re- member the poetry of Cowley at ten, and Pope at twelve ; and so far from hearing, with any degree of surprise, that very poor verse? BYR BYR ■were written by a youth from his leaving school to his leaving college. incli>sive, we really Ijelieve this to be the most common of all occurrences; that it happens in the life of nine men in ten who are educated in Enj:land; and that the tenth man writes better Terse thau Lord Byron. . . . We counsel him that he do forthwith abandon poetry, and turn his talents, whith are considerable, and his opportunities, which are great, to better account. . . . ]f then, the following beginning of a ' Sang of bards' is by his lordship, we venture to object to it, as far as we can comprehend it. 'What form rises on the roar of clouds, whos« dark ghost gleams on the red stream of tempests? His voice rolls on the thunder; 'tisOrla. the brown chief of Oithona. He was,' &c. After detaining this * brown chief some time, the bards conclude by giving hiui their advice to ' raise his fair locks:' then to • spread them on the arch of the rainbow;' and ■ to smile through the tears of the storm.' Of this kind of thing there are no less than nine pages; and we can so far venture an opinion in their favour, that they look very like Macpherson ; and we are positive they are pretty nearly as stupid and tiresome. . . . As our author has dedicated so large a part of his volume to immortalize his employments at sthuol and college, we cannot possibly dismiss it without presenting the reader with a specimen of these ingenious effusions. In an ode with a Greek motto, called Granta, we have the following magnificent stanzas: 'There in apartments small and damp, The candidate for rnll.L't- piizfs Sits poring by the midriiLrlit ianip, Goes late to bed, yet early rises. Who reads false quantities in Sele, Or puzzles o'er the deep triangle; Depriv'd of many a whnlesome meal, In barbarous Latin doom'd to wrangle. Renouncing every pleasing page, From authors of historic use; Preferring to the lettered sage The sijuare of the hypotenuse. Still harmless are these occupations. That hurt none but the hapless student, Compared with other recreations, Which bring together the imprudent.' p. 123. 124, 125. " We are sorry to hear so bad an account of the college psalmody as is contained in the foUowiug Attic stanzas: ' Our choir would scarcely be excus'd Even as a band of raw beginners; All mercy now must be refus'd To such a set of croaking sinners. If David, when his toils were ended, Had heard these blockheads sing before him, To us his psalms had ne'er descended: In furious mood he would have tore 'em.' p. 126,127. "But whatever judgment may be passed on the poems of this noble minor, it seems we must take them as we lind them, and be content; for they are the last we shall ever have from him, . . . 'It is highly improbable, from his situation and pursuits here- after,' that he should again condescend to become an author. Therefore, let us take what we get, and be thankful. AVhat right have we poor devils to be nice? We are well off to have got so much from a man of this lord's station, who does not live in a garret, but ' has the sway' of Newstead Abbey. Again, we say. let us be thankful ; and, with honest Sancho, liid God bless the giver, nor look the gift-horse in the mouth." — Edhi. Rev., xi. 2S0. Doubtless the Reviewer, havlDg thus despatched and quietly iuurned his unbappj victim, presumed that the world had heard the last of the author of the Hours of Idleness, in the capacity of poet. The Edinburgh had so long had its own way in the wholesale decapitation of au- thors, that the poor fellows had " become used to it." and hardly ventured a respectful remonstrance. The critic was mistaken in his man, however. Byron had no idea of tame submission. He afifected indifference, indeed: "You have seen the Edinburgh Review, of course. I regret Mrs. Byron is so much annoyed. For my own part, these 'paper bullets of the brain' have only taught me to sta,nd fire; and as I have been lucky enough upon the whole, mv repfise and appetite are not discomposed."— Z,'.'«.'r^j Mr. Bedirr. March 28. ISOS. But his countenance was a more faithful index of what was passing within : " A friend, who found him in the first moments of exritement after reading the article, inquired anxiously, whether he had just received a challenge? not knowing how else to account for the fierce defiance of his looks.'' He afterwards acknowledged that he essayed to drown his mortification in three bottles of claret after dinner, on the day he perused this terrible critique. Nothing, he said, relieved him •'Till he had given vent to his indignation in rhyme, and 'after the first twenty lines he felt himself considerably better.'" It is an evidence of Mrs. Byron's affection for her son, that, she seems to have taken this matter as much to heart as did the young author. In March. 1S09, appeared his response to the Edinburgh critics, for such it was in fact, under the title of English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. That this pungent satire pbould have obtained immediate celebrity is no marvel. Men have a natural taste for belligerent demon.strations, and twenty will stop to see a combat, where one will pause 320 ^ to see two friends shake hands. A fresh edition was called for within a few weeks. The authors, long a suffer- ing tribe, rejoiced in their new chanipion, delighted that the reviewers had found a "foeman worthy uf their steel," whilst the public generally, who had before laughed at the victims, were now equally well pleased to laugh at the exe- cutioners in the day of their discomfiture. The injustice of many of the attacks in this famed satire was afterwards acknowledged by the author himscdf. He calls it "a fero- cious rhapsody," and "a miserable record of misplaced anger and indiscriminate acrimony." Jefirey was attacked with the greatest severity; but the author was mistaken in ascribing the critique which displeased him to this quar- ter. Lord Brougham being really answerable for it. After passing through four editions, his lordship suppressed his satire. In li>Oy he concluded to travel on the continent, and left home accompanied by his friend and fellow-colle- gian, John Cam Hobhouse, who is still living, (1855.) Lord Byron has given us a better idea of his peregrinations in Greece, Turkey, Ac, in the pages of Childe Harold's Pil- grimage, than any other pen can furnish. He returned home in June, ISU, having been absent for two years. Shortly after his reaching England, his mother was at- tacked by sickness, which proved fatal before he arrived at Newstead. In 1812 appeared the first two cantos of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: they were eminently suc- cessful : "The effect was electric: his fame had not to wait for any of the ordinaiy gradations, but seemed to spring up, like the palace of a fairy tale, in a night. As he himself briefly described it in his Memoranda, -I awoke one morning and found myself famous.' The first edition of his work was disposed of instantly; and as the echoes of its reputation multiplied on all sides. -Childe Harold,* and "Lord Byron' became the theme of every tongue.'' — Moore's Liff- of Byrfm. The copyright money paid by Mr. Murray, £600, his lordship presented to Mr. Dallas, saying that he never wouM receive money for his writings, (see Dallas's Recol- lections.) " a resolution," remarks Mr. Moore, perhaps with some allowable esprit du corps, '* he afterward wisely aban- doned." Mr. Murray paid at different times, for copyrights of his lordship's poems, certainly over £15,000. A few days be- fore the publication of Childe Harold, he made his first speeeli in the Hout;e of Lords, when he opposed the second reading of the Framework Bill. His second speech was in favour of Catholic Emancipation, and the third was on the 2d of July, ISl.'i, when he addressed the House on presenting Major Cartwright's petition. His lordship was not calculated the "applause of listening senates to com- mand," and did not care to occupy a position where he could never hope to be first. On the 2d of January, 1S15, he was married to Miss Anne Isabella, only daughter of Sir Ralph Millbanke, (since Noel,} baronet, who had about a year previously declined his overtures. The £10,000 received with this lady were speedily dissipated, and pecu- niary embarrassment aggravated a want of congeniality, which might have been anticipated from the first. Nor did the birth of a daughter, Ada, afterwards Countess of Lovelace, born December 10th, 1815, tend to produce per- manent harmony. Lady Byron returned home in January, 1816, with the avowed object of a temporary vi.sit to her family, but slie did not sec proper to again place herself under his lordship's protection. Perhaps the true causes of this alienation have never wholly transpired, but we learn from her ladyship's explanation, that she liad good reason to suspect the sanity of her husband, and did not deem herself justified in remaining under his roof. But, on the other hand, her ladyship has not escaped censure. That there was much affection on the part of the groom at the time of the marriage, we may he allowed to doubt. Shortly before his second proposal, he permitted a friend to offer " his hand and heart" to another lady. She de- clined, as Miss M. had done. '•You see," said Lord Byron, "that Miss Millbanke is to be the person." He wrote her a letter, repeating his proposition. His friend read it : the language was good, the periods well turned. It was worthy of insertion in the next edition of The Complete Letter Writer. His friend was a judge of fine writing; he commended it warmly : '* This is really a very pretty letter ; it is a pity it should not go!" "Then it shall go," replied his lordship. It I went: the lady had already satisfied the usual punctilio of her sex by saying "No;" she now satisfied herself by saying '* Yes." Is it not strange that even in this day of I increased light, there should be simple wooers so unso- I phisticated as to take what is intended by the lady as the BTR first step to a suof^cssful pnrley — the niotter-of-coiirso "No," — fcr the conclusion of the treaty ? Hf>wever, the evil will work its own cure. For if men thus persist in thus untler- standin^; responses literally, the courted will have to ac- commodate themselves to circumstances, and say that first which they had intended to say last. Lord Byron now left England with the avowed inten- tion of never again seeing his native land. lie sailed from London for Ostend. April 25, 1S16, proceeded to Brussels, and visited the field nf Waterloo; then turned his steps towards Cohlentz. sailed up the Rhine to Basle, and passed through part of Switzerland to Geneva. There, for the first time, he met with Mr. and Mrs. Shelley. There was much congeniality in their tastes and disposi- tions, and a warm intimacy sprung up between them. Both were distinguished for extraordinary poetical powers, with an apparent incapacity fur logical deduction, a morbid passion for disgraceful notoriety, finding "their glory in their shame," and, with an insane recklessness, contemn- ing the judgments of that Almighty Ruler, whose precepts they set at naught. Both were men of superficial acquire- ments, and altogether without profundity of erudition. Yet, shamefully ignorant of the records of the past, they affected to doubt the authenticity of that inspired volume whose evidences they had never probed, and permitted their captious ignorance to quibble and contend where the reverent learning of a Locke and a Newton believed and adored. Yet even Byron was shocked by the profanity of his friend, and seems to have had at times a "certain fearful looking for a judgment to come." which forbade entire security on the brink of ruin. Whilst :it Piodati, ; near Geneva, be wrote the third canto of CliiUle Harold's Pilgrimage ; to this succeeded The Prisoner of Chillon, A Dream, and other Poems. In October. 18lfi, he visited Italy, and settled at Venice in November. Of his course of life whilst in this city, we have no disposition to enter into the particulars. It is no pleasant thing to linger over such sad details. Mr. Moore has increased the public censure, before richly merited by some of his own effu- sions, by the additional sin of apnlogiziug for the shame- ful conduct of his friend and brother poet. For this reason, and others, an expurgated edition of Moore's Life of Byron is as necessary for the parlour table, as an ex- purgated edition of his lordship's poems. In 1817 ap- peared Manfred, a Tragedy, and The Lament of Tasso. In the next year he puldished the fourth and last canto of Childe Hamld. which tended to keep alive the interest felt in the personal experience of the poet. Beppo ap- peared in the t^ame year, and in the next. (1819,) the tale of Mazeppa, and the first part of Don .luan were given to the public. At an evening party, given by the Countess Benzoni, he became acquainted with the Countess Guic- cioli. Teresa Garaba, the daughter of a Romagnese noble- man, had recently been emancipated from the restraints of a convent, and became the wife of a widower in ad- vanced life, who in his younger days had been distin- guished as the friend of Alfieri, and in his old age was as much courted for his wealth. At the time of this ill-as- sorted union, Teresa was only eighteen, very beautiful, and. as appears by the sequel, equally indiscreet. The story of the first evening of their acquaintance can be best told by herself: " I became acquainted with Lord Byron in the sprinp; of 1819 : — he was introduced to me at Venice, by the Countess Benzoni, at one of that Iady"s parties. This introduction, which had so much influence over the lives of us both, took place contrary to our wishes, and had been permitted by us only from courtesy. For myseifi more fatifiued than usual that evening on account of the late hours they keep at Venice, I went with great repugnance to this party, and' purely in obedience to Count Guiccioli. Lord Rvron, too, whn was averse to forminp; new acquaintances — alleg- ing that hi had entirely renounced all attachments, and was un- willing any more to expose himself to their consequences — on being requested by the Countess Benzoni to allow himself to he presented to me. refu.'Jed. and, at last, only assented from a desire to oblii^e her. His nobie and exquisitely be^iutiful countenance, the tone of his voice, his manners, the thousand enchantments that surrounded him, rendered him so different and so superior a beincT to any whtm I had hitherto seen, that it was impossible he should not have left the most profound impression on me. From that evening, during the whole of my subsequent stay at Venice, we met every day." We need only dwell upon this unhappy story long enough to remark, that when Count Guiccioli was, for po- litical reasons, banished from the Tuscan States, and em- barked for Genoa, his wife remained under Lord Byron's protection. An application to the Pope severed the legal tie which still bound her to her husband. In December, 1810, he left Venice, and after visiting some of the Italian dominions of Austria, took up his 21 BYR residence at Ravenna, and subsequently at Pisa. In 1820 he published Marino Faliero. Doge of Venice, intended to illustrate the theory of the dramatic unities. Upon thia vexed question we shall hardly be expected to enter. In 1821 he published his celebrated epistle to the Rev. Wil- liam Lisle Bowles, entitled, A Letter to the Author of Strictures on the Life and Writings of Pope. In the samo year appeared The Two Foscari, a Tragedy; Sardanapalus, a Tragedy : and Cain, a Mystery. Perhaps this last is the most shocking exhibition of folly and skepticism of which the author was ever guilty. What folly can be greater than that which arraigns the decrees of infinite wisdom, because unfathomable by man's limited capacities? In the year following, Byron and Shelley — par nolile frntnim — in conjunction with Mr. Leigh Hunt, com- menced the publication of The Liberal, a periodical which was discontinueil after the 4th number, owing to the death of Shelley, who was drowned by the upsetting of a plea- sure-boat in the Mediterranean. Thus perished one of the most truly original poets that England has ever seen. Had his judgment been equal to his genius, and his pas- sions under proper control, he would have proved a bene- factor instead of an injury to his race. In the Liberal first appeared The Vision of Judgment, (elicited by a work with the same title by Southey.) which subjected the puldisher to a prosecution, and a fine of £100. Heaven and Earth, a Mystery, was presented to the public through the same channel. To these latter compositions of bis lordship, we have to add the concluding cantos of Don Juan, Werner, a Tragedy, and the Deformed Trans- formed. In September, 1S22. be quitted Pisa, and passed the winter at Genoa. About this time he received an invita- tion from the London Committee of Philhellenes, thrimgh Mr. Bbuiuicre. to aid in the deliverance of Greece from the Mohammedan thraldom under which it suffered. As this subject had already enlisted the sympathies of a poet who had long loved (Treece for the past, and mourned over her present degradation, the invitation was cordially welcomed : ■*I cannot express to you how much I feel interested in the cause, and nothing but the hnpes I entertained of witnessing the liberation of Italv itselt; prevented me long ago from returning to do what I could", as an individual, in that land which it is in honour even to have visited.'"— ieffer to Mr. Blaquiere, Albaro, April 5, 182.1. On the 14th of July. 1823, he hired an English vessel, and with a few followers sailed from Genoa for Cephalonia, which he reached at the commencement of the third cam- paign. Finding from his friends, Trelawney and Browne, that Missobmghi was in a state of blockade, he advanced 400.000 piastres (about £12,000) for the relief of the be- sieged city. On the 5tb of January, 1824, he arrived at Missolonghi. and attempted to niise a force with which to attack Lepanto. He took 500 Suliotes into bis pay. but his expedition was delayed by the disorderly and unsettled temper of his troops. Those whom he would gladly have aided could not agree among themselves, and discordant confusion reigned in their councils. Disappointed and chagrined, bis constitution gave way, and on the 15tb of February he was attacked by a severe fit of epilepsy. En- treaties were unsuccessfully urged to induce him to remove to the healthier climate of Zante : " I cannot," he writes to a friend, "quit Greece while there is a chance of my being even of (supposed) utility. There is a stake worth millions such as I am, and while I can stand at all. 1 must stand by the cause." Four times within a month the at- tack was repeated, yet he recovered. But on the 9th of April, being caught in a shower while taking bis ride on horseback, a rheumatic fever, accompanied with inflamma- tion of the brain, seized him. This occurred on the 12th inst., and on the 19th he breathed his last. The account of his last moments, as given by Major Parry, Dr. Mil- linger, and his faithful servant Fletcher, is deeply inte- resting. He had been charging Fletcher, in the weakness of expiring nature, to carry messages to his sister, to Lady Byron, and others, and "ITethen said, ' Now I have told you all.' ' My lord.' replied Fletcher. ' I have not understood a woid your lordship has been saying.' 'Not understand me?' exclaimed Lord Byron, with a look of the utmost distress, -^'hat a pity!— then it is too late; all is over !' ' I hope not,' answered Fletcher, ' but the Lord's will be done.' ' Yea. not mine,' said Byron. He then tried to utter a few words, of which none were intelligible, except ' My sister — my child!' He spoke also of Greece, saying, '■I have given her my time, my means, my health— and now I give her my life!— what could I do more?' . . . It was about six o'clock on the evening of this day. when he said. ' Now I shall go to sleep:' and then, turn- ing round, he fell into that slumber from which he never awoke." — 3foore^s Li/f. of Byron. BYR BYR An American gentleman, who spent some days with Lord Byron in February, 1S24, two months before his de- cease, has published a very interesting account of their conversations. We give a brief extract : " I found the poet in a weak, and rather irritable, state, but he treated me with the utmost kindness. He said that at the time I first called upon him. all strant;ers, and most of his friends, were exiluded from his room. ' But,' said he, • had 1 known an .Ameri- can was at the door, you should not have been denied. 1 love your country, sir; it is the land of liljerty ; the only portion of God's green earth not desecrated by tyranni/.' ... In a few days after I left him. I received another note from him. requesting me to call, and bring with me Irtvi.vo's .Skltcu Book. 1 took it in my hand, and went once more to the illustriousauthor's residence, lie rose from his couch when 1 entered, and. pressing my hand warmly, said, ' Have you brought the sketch Book !' 1 handed it to him, when, seizing it with enthusiasm, he turned to the ' Broken Heart.' ' That,' said he, ' is one of the finest things ever tfritten on earth, and I want to hear an American read it. But stay I do you know Irving ?' I replied that I had never seen him. ' God bless him I' exclaimed Byron ; ' he is a genius ; and he has something better than genius— a heart. I wish I could see him, but 1 fear I never shall. Well, read— the '-Broken Heart" — yes, the "Broken He,^rt." What a word!' " In closing the first paragraph. I said, ' Shall I conf -ss it? I believe in broken hearts.' ' Yes,' exclaimed Byron, 'and so do I, and so does everybody but philosophers and fools.' ^\■hile 1 was reading one of the most touching portions of that mournful piece, I observed that Byron wept. He turned his eyes upon me. and said. ' You see me weep. sir. Irving himself never wrote that story without weeping ; nor can I hear it without tears. I have not wept much in this world, for trouble never brings tears to my eyes; but I always have tears for the " Broken Heart."' When I read the last line of Moore's verses at the close of the piece, Byron said. ' What a being that Tom Moore i.s, and Irving, and Emmet and his beautiful love! What beings all! Sir. how many such men as Washington Irving are there in America? God don't send many such spirits into this world. I want to go to America for five reasons. I want to see Irving: I want to see your stupendous scenery; I want to see Washington's grave; I want to see the classic form of living freedom, and I want to get vour government to recognise Greece as an independent nation. Poor Greece!' "These were the last days of Bvron ; and I shall ahvavs consi- der myself happy that I was permitted so often to be with him." The personal appearance of Lord Byron is so well known through the medium of the portraits prefi.'ied to his poems, that any description seems superfluous, and must necessarily he very unsatisfactory. " Many pictures have been painted "of him," savs a fair critic of his features, " with various success ; but the ex- cessive beauty of his lips escaped every painter and sculp- tor. In their ceaseless play they represented every emo- tion, wliether pale with anger, curled in disdain, smiling in triumph, or dimpled with archness and love." His eyes were liglit, and very expressive, his head re- markably small, the forehead higl], and set off to great advantage by his glossy, dark-brown curls. His teeth were white and regular, his nose, though handsomely, rather thickly, shaped, and his complexion colourless. His hands were white, and aristocratically small. In height he was five feet eight inches and a half. The lame- ness of his right i'oot, so constant a suliject of mortifica- tion to him, was in reality so slight, that Mr. Moore tells us he had no little difficulty in deciding, .amidst the con- flicting testimony of friends, which foot it was that was so affected. It will now be proper to quote some opinions upon the works of an author, who, whether commended or censured, will always occupy a distinguished rank in the records of English literature : ■■ If the finest poetry be that which leaves the deepest impres- sion on the nnnds of its readers— and this is not the worst test of its excellence — Lord Byron, we think, must be allowed to take precedence of all his distinguished ccintenipnraries He has not the variety of Scott— nor the deliracx ,,r ( 'auipbell— nor the abso- lute truth of Crabbe— nor the >|..i,klii,.. p ,lish of .lloore: but in force of diction, and unextingiiishalile energy of sentiment, he clearly surpasses them all. ■ Words that bi-e-ithe. and thou-hts that burn' are not merely the ornaments, but llii. comtnnn staple of his poetry; and he is not inspired or impressive only in some happy |)as.sages, but through the whole body and ti.SMie ol his composition. ... He delights too exclusively in fhe delineation of a certain morbid ex.altation of character and of feelin- —a sort of dem.iniacal sublimity, not without some traits of the ruined archangel. He is haunted almost perpetually with the ima-'e of a being feeding and fed upon by violent passions, and the recol- lections of the catastrophes they have occasioned. . . Such is the person with whom we are called upon almost excln«iNeIv to sympathize in all the greater productions of this distinguished writer :— In Cbilde Harold, in the Corsair, in Lara, in the Siege of Corinth, in Parisina. and in most of the .smaller pieces It is im- possible to represent such a character better than Lord Byron has done in all these productions,— or. indeed, any thing more terrible in Its anger, or more attractive in its relenting. In point of elTect we re.adily admit that no one character can he moi-e pwlical or more impressive :-But it is really too much to find the scene per- ) n Vt ■\"i''''' ^J ?"'' character— not only in all the .acts, but in ttU the dimoent pieces;— and, grand and impressive as it is, we feel at last that these very qualities make some relief more indis- pensable, and oppress the spirits of ordinary mortals with too de"j> an impression of awe and repulsion. There is too much guilt, in short, and too much gloom, in the leading character; — and. though it be a fine thing to gaze, now and then, on stormy seas and thunder-shaken mountains, we should prefer passing our days in sheltered valleys, and by the murmur of calm waters. , . . We certainly have no hope of preaching huu into philanthropy and cheerfulness; but it is impossible not to mourn over such a catastrophe of such a mind, or to see the prodigal gifts of Nature, Fortune, and Fame thus turned to bitterness, without an oppres- sive feeling of impatience, mortification, and surprise.'' — Lord Jef- frey: ICdin. Hcvuw, xsvii. 277. Bead this elaborate article, in whii:h the merits and demerits of Byron's different poems are re- viewed at leiigtli. *''fhe I'liird (.'anto of Childe Harold exhibits, in all its strength, and in all its peculiarity, the wild, powerful, and original vein of poetry, which, in the preceding cantos, first fixed the public atten- tion upon the author. If there is any difference, the former seem to us to have been rather more sedulously corrected and revised for publication, and the present w-ork to have been dashed from the author's pen with less regard to the suljordinafe points of expres- sion and versification. Yet such is the deep and powerful strain of passion, such the original tone and colouring of description, that the want of polish in some of its minute points rather adds to, than deprives, the poem of its energy." — Lon. QuuTUrly i?©- view, xvi. 172. " 1 agree very much in what you say of Cbilde Harold. Though thei-e is something provoking and insulting to morality and to feeling in his misanthropical ennui, it gives nevertheless an odd piquancy to his descriptions and reflections. This is upon the whole a piece of most extraordinary power, and may rank its au- thor with our first poets. I see the'Kdinbur'_'h Review h.as hauled its wind."— Sir Waller Scott to Mr. Moiritt. Maij 1'2. 1.S12. " My intrusion concerns a large debt of glatitude due to your lordship. . . . The first coU7i^, as our technical language expresses it, relates to the high pleasure I have received from The Pilgrim- age of Cbilde Harold, and from its precursors; the foi-merj'with all its classical as.sociations. some of which are lost on so poor a scbokar as I am, possesses the additional charm of vivid and ani- mated description, mingled with original sentiment. ... I hope your lordship intends to give us more of Cbilde Harold. I was delighted that my friend Jeffrey — for such, in spite of many a feud, literary and political. I always esteem him — has m.ade so handsomely the amende honorable for not having discovered in the bud the merits of the flow er : and I am bapj.y to understand that the retraction .so handsomely made was received with equal libe- rality."— .Sl/r WaWr Scatt to Lonl Ili/ron, July 3 and Ifi. 1812. [ Sir Walter gives an interesting account of his first in- troduction to Lord Byron, which occurred in the snrine of 11815: '■ ^ _" I found Lord Byron in the highest degree courteous, and even kind. We met for an hour or two aimost daiiy in .Mr. Murray's drawing-room, and found a great deal to say to each other. . . . His reading did not seem to me to have been very extensiv^ either in poetry or history. Having the advantage of him in that I respect, and possessing a good competent share of such reading as I is little read, I was sometimes able to put under his eye objects I which had for hun the interest of novelty." See Loikhart's Lilh of Scott. " Never had any writer so vast a command of the whole eloquence of scorn, misanthropy, and despair. That Marah was never dry. No art could sweeten, no draughts could exhaust, its perennial waters of bitterness. Never was there such variety in monotony as that of Byron. From maniac laughter to piei-cing lamentation, there was not a single note of human anguish of which he was not master. Year after year, and mouth after uujiith, be continued to repeat that to be wretched is the destiny of all; that to be emi- nently wretched is the destiny of the eminent: that .all the desires by which we are cursed lead alike to misery : if thev are not grati- fied, to the misery of disappointment; if they are g'ratified. to the misery of satiety. His principal heroes are nien who have arrived by different roads at the same goal of despair, who are sick of life, who are at war with society ; who are supported in their anguish only by an unquenchable pride, resembling that of Prometheus on the rock, or of .Satan in the burning marl ; who can master their agonies by the force of their will, and who, to the last, defy the whole power of earth and heaven. He always descrilwd himself as a man of the same kind with his favourite creations, as a man whose heart had been withered, whose capacity for happiness was gone, and could not he restored ; but whose invincible spirit dared the worst that could befall him here or hereafter. . . . Among that krge class of young persons whose reading is almost confined to works of imagination, the popularity of Lord Byron was un- bounded. They bought pirtores of him, they treasured up the smallest relics of him ; they l.arned his poems by heart, and did their best to write like him. to look like him. Many of them prac- tised at the glass, in the hope of catching the curl of the upper lip, and the scow] of the brow, which appear in some of his por- traits. A few discarded their neckcloths in imitation of their great leader. For some years, the Minerva press sent forth no novel without a mysterious, unhappy, Ijara-llke Peer. The num- ber of hopeful undergraduates and medical students who became things of dark imaginings, on whom the freshness of the heart cea.sed to fall like dew, whose passions had consumed themselves to dust, and to whom fhe relief of tears was denied, passes all cal- cul.ation. Tliis was not the worst. There was created in the minds of many of these en I husiasts. a pernicious and absurd as.sociation between intellectual power and moral depravity. From the poetry of Lord Byron they drew up a system of ethics, compounded of misanthropy and voluptuousness: a system in which the two great commandments were to hate your neighbour and to lovo your neighbour's wife."— Lord Macu'Lav: Edin, Ileriew, ,7iine, I831- and in bis Crit. ami i/istor. Essat/s, 1864, i. 346, 347, :J4S. See also KecoUections of Lord Byron, by K. V. Dallas, mM. BYK 1R24 ; Conversations of Lord Byron, by Thomas Medwin, 1S2 I ; The Last Days of Lord Byron, by Major Wtn. Parry; Lord Byron and some of his Contemporaries, by Leigh Hunt, 1828; Conversations on Religion with Lord Byron and others, by James Kennedy, M.D., 1830 ; Conversations with Lord Byron by Lady Blessington, IS'M) ; Life of Byron by John Gait, 1837 ; Life of Lord Byron by Armstrong, 1846 ; Recollections of the Last Days of Byron and Shelley, by E. J. Trelawney, 1S58; Shelley's Julian and Maddolo; Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Ilalf-Century, 1851; Alison's Hist, of Europe, 1815-1852, chap, v.; Newstead Abbey, — in Washington Irving's Crayon Mis- cellanies; Lon. Quar. Rev., vols, vii., x., xi., xix., xxvii., xxxvii. ; articles by Lord Jeffrey in Edin. Rev., vols, ix., xix., xxL, xxiii., xxvii., xxviii., xxix., xxxv., xxxvi., xxxviii. ; articles in Norlh Amer. Rev., vols, v., (W. Phil- lijis.) xiii. 227. (John Everett.) xiii. 450, (Wm. H. Pres- cott,) XX., (A.H.Everett,) xxi., (A. Norton,) xxxi., xxxvi., (both by W. B. 0. Peabody,) Ix., (E. P. Whipple:) Index to Blackw. Mag., 1855, vols. i.-l. j Poole's Index to Period. Lit.. 1853. 00-61. Lord Byron presented Mr. Moore with his autoldo- graphy, aiid Mr. M. sold the MS. to John Murray for 2000 guiueas. Lord Byron's family, after his decease, expressed some unwillingness to have the MS. published. Mr. Moore, with a delicacy worthy of the highest praise, destroyed the papers, and returned Mr. Murray the 2000 guineas pur- chase-money, with intr the grreat poi't, and to whom alone, as Lord Byron more tliau once told me, he suppoMrl liiriisi-lf to be ili- dt'bted lor the kindness shown him in that ciiiiiiriitly 'I'oiy journal. Lord Byron was then living in a large and fim- li'-usr in i'iccadilly. I naw him there only a few tunes — four in all — (luring; the ten djiys I was in London after I became acquainted with him ; besides which, however, I met him once in Murray's room in Albemarle St.. and once pa.ssed an evening with him. Lady Byron, and .Sir Ralph and Lady Noel, in liie private box in Drury Lane Theatre, to see Kean in 'Rule a Wife.' — Lord Byron being then one of the managing-committee of tliat lli.'atr'' ami an adrnirer of Kean. The whole of such an ar.|iiiojiiMrn !■ wi- nn ^ -.>ai jly not much, and could give only the most -iipii li- i:il \ i- w ■ v>)i m1 his manners. "Each time that I saw bun at bimir, L;idy ISyion was with him, or came into the room while I was there. On these occasions, as well as at the theatre, his manners towards lier were very natural and simple, and tho?ie of a bajipy man. lb' had then lieen niavrictl about six iiii.iitlis. ;nid wa>i s'>parali-d from ber about t-'tx m.aitbs aftiTwanis. ninl-T tiiciun.stanci'S .still imperfecHy explained lo (bo pubhc, but wbii ;li weie known at the time to Dr. Lu.sbingtoii. Hid remarkable letter, jiublished at the end of Abiore's life, when taken in connection with tlie pure and elevated character of the eminent magistrate who wrote it to express his deliberate judgment on the whole affair, can leave no reasonable doubt that the separation was made from causes very discreditable to Lord Byron. '■ The first time I saw him, I was struck with his movements as he came into the room where I was waiting for him. There was a screen before the door, so that I could not immediately see him ; but the sound that came from beliind it was as if two or throe people were entering together. lie advancnl tnwards me rajiidly, with his person bent forward, owing. I suppMsrd, to the malcon- formation of his lower limbs, for 1 noticed tlie same thing on other occasions, ikion after he sat down ho took up one of his feet — which were nicely laced in Wellington boots, and had fashionable white drill pantiiloons drawn down over them tight and low — and patted and petted it, as I thought, to see whether I took any espe- cial notice of it. I was careful not to do so. I had been warned. But, except in these trifles, I never saw any thing in his manner that was probably the result of his deformity. In all the upper part of his person he was very handsome, round, and full; but bis complexion was sallow and pale. His general air was perfrrtly easy and natural. The tones of his voice were low and concili^itini,' " lie talked a good deal about America, and was curiou-! i>u tb.- Bubject of our universities and literature, inquiring particniaily whether we looketl upon Barlow aa our Homer. Of his own ' Eng- lish Bards and Scotch Reviewers,' which was then suppressed in Enghand, he said that he wrote it when he was very young and very angry, — adding that those were the only rirruiri^'t.un^ea under which a man woubl writr snrb a saliic. SiH' ■■ In- bid rnme back to England, he said that L-ml Ib^lland. \vb.> h^-d In ,u wry kind to him, and Rogers, who liud Ijecomc bin tikrid. bad a.iki-d bim not to continue to reprint it, and so ho bad suppressed it. Indeed, he went on. he had become of late ac(iuaintfd with nearly all the persons he had satirized, and had a hearty liking for tliem. espe- cially as they did not refuse to know a person who had so much abused them. He had no longer any quarrel with any of them e,\cept Lord Carlisle : and. as that was a family ditlerencc. he said he supposed it would never be settb-d. Oti every account, there- fore, he expresHed himself as glad that the hook was out of print ; and yet he showed no regret when I told Inui that it was freely circulated in the United States. His poems published dining his minority he said he had suppressed because they were not worth reading; and he wondered that our booksellers should reprint them. " While he was talking in this way. Sir James Bland Bmges — a fourth or fifth rate poet who wrote 'The Exodiad' with Cinnber- land, and a part of whose Epick on Richard the Lion-Ilearted Lord Byron, in his ' Hints fiora Horace,' says he found at Malta lining a trunk — came suddenly into the room, and said, abruptly, 'My lord 1 my lord! a great battle has been fought in the Low Countries, and Bonaparte is entirely defeated.* * But is it true?' said Lord Byron; ' is it true?' 'Yes, my lord, it is certainly true. An aid-di ■ciuiip arrived in town last night: he has been in Down- ing ^tn-ct this morning, and I have just seen liim, as he was going to Lady ^VeMiLiglon's. He says he thinks Bonaparte is now in full retreat towards Paris.' After an instant's pause. Lord Byron re- plied, 'I am d— d sorry for it.' And tlien. after another slight pause, he added, 'I didn't know but I might live to see Lord Castlereagh's head on a pole; but I suppose I sha'n't now.' And this was the first impression produced on his impetuous and ill- governed nature by the news of the battle of Waterloo. Two days afterwards I met him at Murray's Rooms, where he received very I good buni'iui'dly the satirical congratulations of Gifford and some othi r nf bis Tory friends on the. great victory; but he did not dis- gnisr bis tirliiiL's iiT- opiuinus abiint it, and would not admit tliat ! the riii|ii'!i.i"s I ;.--r wj|s d''spiTa((^ I'vm then. I was much surprised I at all tins, t! -Ii less than 1 shoubl have been if I had n<.tali.-ady heard similar feelings about the whole war of the lInTidiid l'i\n I with Bonaparte expressed by leading Whigs, such as rh. . \. . 11. ut I Mr. Roscoe at Liverpool, who of course spoke moir wi-.. ly :iiid mildly on the subject, and by Dr. I'arr, at Hatton, who was almost as extravagant as Lord Byron. "A day or two afterwards he sent me a copy of all his works, with letters of introduction for Greece and Turkey, — adding tubli.sbed under his nose at .lena by Oken. Lord Byron showed at first an amusing eagernesg to bear all about it, but then, seeming to check himself, sairl, as if i half in earnest though still laughing. * And yet I don't know what sympathy I can have with Gorthf exri|it that of an injured author.' And this, I think, was the i-\;iit truth ; for he left on my mind that morning no doubt that he felt himself to be under- valued as a poet in England. "Both he and Mr. liobhouee spoke with great satisfat^tion of their residence in Italy, — Lord Byron, to my surprise, placing its ; attractions nnnb biL'b''r than those of Greece. It will be remem- ' bered that br bad lli. ri written, but bad not printed, the fourth j canto of Cbildr llar.'M; and Mr. Hoblnmse. I have always sup- I posed, was, when I entered the parlour at Mira, at work on the ! notes to it, which he published soon at'terwards." [ Mr. Everett writes u.^. (August y,, 1858.) I "Having at a very early ago begun to feel a great inteie&t io 3:'3 BYR BYW mndem Greece, that feeling was raised to enthusiasm by the two first cantos of Chiltle Harold, which appwired the year after I left college. Determined to visit Greece myself, I felt on that account especially desirous, on my arrival in London in the spring of 1S15, of making the acquaintance of Lord Byron. I was offered an in- troduction to him by more than one friend, — particularly by Richard gharpe, Esq.. better known in society as 'Conversation Sharpe.' Delays, however, took place, and my youthful impatience led me somewhat to overstep the bounds of strict propriety. I addressed a note to Lord Byron, eendin;^ with it a copy of a poetical trifle privately printed by me some time before, in'which he was men- tioned, and asking the honor of hia acquaintance. I received a most obliging answer from him the next day, accompanied \vith a set of his poems in four volumes, (rendered doubly valuable by marginal corrections in hia handwriting,) and appointing an hour when he would see me. His reception of me was most cordial. Intercourse between the two countries was just ri-(i|ii-iii-d nUi-r the war of 1812-1814, and I was the first person from tli.' Uiiit.-ii States whose acquaintance he had made. He expressed lii^'h waii^faction at the account I t^ave him of his transailantic fame. Our con- versation was priiRip;iIIy un th..- .statr nf .■,liir;iti<.n and literature in this country, luni on Groi'ic, t" wiiu It hr Mud fie was so much attached that but lor Janiily coUfideratious lie sliould be disposed to pass his life there. He offered me, without solicitation on my part, letters to his friends there, and, among them, to Ali Pacha of Albania. "The state of public affairs wa-s then very critical. Napoleon, recently escaped from Elba, w.as advancing rapidly to meet the Prussian and English armies in Belgium. The probable result of t\\-- impending conflict Wiis discussed with warmth by liord Byron. ■ N,ip'''6, an eminent civilian, was the friend uf Lord Bacon, and a favourite of James I. and Charles I. Antient State, Authority, and Proceed- ings of the Court of Requests, L"t96, '97, 4to. Many of the valuable MSS. collected by him are in the British Museum. Fuller gives this high eharacter of him : "■ A person of prodijrious bounty to all of worth or want, so that he mi;;ht seem to be alnioner-^eneral of the nation. The story is well known of a j^'-ntl.'niiin. who once borrowing his coach, (which was as well known In |nioi- jirnple as any hospital in Knjiland.) was so rendezvoused about Mith beiri-'arH in London, that it cost him all the money in his purse to satisfy llnir importunity,. so that he mi^'ht have hired twenty coacbis loi tbf s;inie terms. Sir Francis Racon. Lord Vcrulam, was judiiious in bis election, when, perceiv- inp: his dissolution to approach, he made his last hed in effect in the house of Sir .Tulius." — Worthies nf Middlesex. Caesar, Philip. Discourse of the damnable Sect of Usurer.s, &c. ; trans, by T. Rogci's, Lon., 1578, 4to, A Godly Treatise announcing the Lawfulness of Riches, Lon., 1578. 4to. Cafftin, Matthew. Deceiving Teachers, &q., 1656. Cage, Thornton. Case between him and his wife, fol. Cagua, John, Surgeon. Profess. Con. to Phil. Traua., 1740. Caines, Clement. Cultivation, &c. of the Otaheite Cane, &c., Lon.. 1801, Svo. Caines, George, d. 1825, aged 54, Reporter of the Supreme Court of New York. Lex Mercatoria Americana, New York, 1802. Svo. "The author designed to add other volumes, but from the in- different reception by the profession of tlin first, his intenti'in was never carried into effect. It is a crud^:' lompilation. little known, and less freciuently referred to." — Mari'in's Leijid Bibl. Summary of the Practice in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York, 1808, Svo. '■ This work was rather a practical manual than a treatise bene- ficial to experienced practitioners, or useful as a book of reference." — Grahavi^s Practice, Practical Forms of Supreme Ct. of N. York, 1808, Svo. Cases in the Court for the Trial of Impeachments and Correction of Errors, State of N. York, 1805-07, 2 vols. 325 CAI CAL Svo. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of State of N. York, 1803-05, 3 vols. Svo, 1813, '14 ; 2d edit,, 1852. "Geoi-j;e Caines, Esq.. w.astbe first Kepnrter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the State of New York. rr^'ul:u-ly .ippointed as such. The names of the Hon. Judges wlm pr.si,l,.il in this Court durin-^ the period above stated, were — .Mor^riin Lrw is, James Kent, (aft.rwaids Chancellor of the State.) Jac.h KadcliiT, Brockholdst Livin-stt.u. Smith Thompson, (the two last-named ^'entlemen were Bul/sc'iuenllyappoiuted Judges of the Supreme Court of the United Stat..-s I .-Vuibrose Spencer, and David D. Tompkins — a more able and independent Judiciary never e,\isted at any one period, in any Court of the United States." Caird, James, of Baldoon. English Agriculture, 1850, ■51, Lon., Svo; 5d edit., 1852. •■ It contains many sensible remarks, and very shrewd observa- tions; showing a most enlij^htened mind and sound understand- ing." — D. p. Svo. Land of Promise, sm. 4to, 1844, Teri)]iter and Tempted, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1842. Prism of Thought, p. Svo, 1843. Prism of Imagination, p. Svo, 1844. ".\ more m.afrnificent book for the drawing-room table it has never been our lot to behold." — Lon. Oiurt Journal. Evenings at Haddon Hall ; with engravings from de- signs by George Cattermole, Esq., 1845, '49. '■ 15y far the most elegant, the most splendid, and the most in- trinsi.-ally valuable production of its class that has ever appeared. Cattermole's designs ai'e perfect gems of art." — Loii. Kai'.al and Mililnry Gmdle. Calamy, Benjamin, D.D., d. 1686, son of Edmcni Calamy, («/. V.) entered Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1664, '65, of which he became a Fellow, and was also tutor there; Vicar of St. Lawrence, Jewry, with St. Magdalen, Milk Street, annexed ; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 16S5. Sermons pub. separately, 1663, '73, 'S2, '83, '84. Sermons, 16S7, Svo. Sermons, 5th edit., 1712, Svo. 13 Sermons, 1726, Svo. His celebrated Discourse about a Scrupulous Con- science was preached in 1683, and pub. in 1684, fol. " No piece of its kind or size gained more credit to its .author, or was more taken notice of by the pul'lic." Thomas De Laune wrote against it in such a manner as to cause his imprisonment. " As a divine. Benj;imin Calamy has been mentioned with high approbation by Bishop Burnet, Archdeacon Kchard. Dean Sherlock, who preached his funeral sermon, wherein he speaks of him iu the highest terms, and Mr. Ciranger." " ,\s a sermon writer he is characterized by constant good sense, by sound judgment in the selection of his subjects, simplicity in his plans, and ease, clearness, and purity of style. "^£r//ts/i Pulpit Elf.qufnce. Calamy, Edmund, 1600-1066, a native of London, was admitted of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1616; made Vicar of St. Mary's, in Swafiham Prior, Cambridgeshire, which he resigned upon being appointed one of the lec- turers of Bury St. Edmund's, Sufl'olk. Withdrawing from the Fst.ablished Church, he was, in 1639, chosen minister of St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, where he continued for twenty years, attracting attention by his eloquence in the puljiit. He was a warm advocate of the Restoration, and Charles II. on his return offered him the Bishopric of Lichfield and Coventry, which he declined. He afterwards fell into disgrace with the government in consequence of the freedom of his remarks. Calamy was one of the five authors of Smectymnus, an answer to Bishop Hall's Di- vine Right of Episcopacy. He pub. a number of sermons, A'c, 1641-63. '^'indication of the Presbyterian Govern- ment and Ministry, 1650. Jus Diviuum Ministerii Evange- lici Anglicani, 1654. " He was. though a very learned man, yet a plain and practical preacher, and one who was not afraid to speak his sentiments freely of and to the greatest men." Calamy, Edmund, 1671-1732, grandson of the pre- ceding, was sent to the University of Utrecht, 16S8; as- sistant minister of a Nonconformist congregation. Black- friars, London, ll'>92 ; pastor of a congregation at West- minster, 1703. He pub. many sermons, Ac, 1683-1729. Excercitationes Philosophicse, ic, Traj. ad Rhen., 1688, 4to. .^bridgt, of Baxter's Life and Times, Lon., 1702, Svo; 1713-27, 4 vols. Svo; and Defence of Moderate Non- conformity against Ollyft'e and Iloadly, 170.3-05, 3 vols.Svo. "There were animadversions on Dr. Calamy besides those of OllytTe and Iloadly ; but much useful informat'ion is to be gleaned from Calamy. His own life, written by himself, has also been pub- lished by J. T. Rutt, 2 vols. Svo. lS;iO." — Bickehstetu. For a review of Calamy 's autobiography ride Brit. Critic, vii. 295. Letter to Archdeacon Echard upon occasion of his History of England, 1718. Svo. The In.spiration of the Scriptures, 1710, Svo, in 14 sermons. Sermons con- cerning the Doctrine of the Trinity, with a Vindication of 1 John v. 7, 1722, Svo. " 'I'he discourses on the inspiration of the Scriptures are very able, and defend those views of this important topic which are generally held by the orthodox Dissenters. . . . Jlore light has been thrown on the disputed passage iu 1 John v. 7. since Calamy wrote; but his defence of it is tolerably good for the time." — Onn^i Bib}. Bih. The Life of Dr. Increase Mather, 1725, Svo. Noncon- formist's Memoriiil ; abridged by Samuel Palmer, Lon., 1778, 2 vols. Svo: 1802. 3 vols. Svo. Calamy, James, d. 1714, brother of Benjamin Ca- lamy, Prebendary of Exeter, pub. a dedication to hia brother Benjamiu. Sermons. Calbris, B. Guide to French, Lon., 1797, Svo. Calcaskie, John. Trans, from Brentius of a theolog. treatise. Lon., ] 550. Calcott, John Wall. See Calicott. Calcolt, Wellins. On Free Masonry. Lon. ,1769. 8vo. Caldcleugh, Alexander. Travels iu South America, 1819, '20, '21, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. Svo. CAL 8vo; abo Biographical Notice by Dr. B. H. Coates before Amer. Phil. .Soc. Caldwell, Howard H., b. 1832, at Newberry, S.C. Oliatta. and other Poems, N.Y.. 1855, 12mo. Pncms, Bost., 1858, 12mo. See South. Lit. Mess., July, 1858. Caldwell, Sir James. Political and Commercial treatises, 1764, '65, '79. Affairs of Ireland, 1765, 2 vols. 8vo. Caldwell, James Stamford. Laws of Arbitra- tion, 1817. llcsults of Reading, 184.3, 8vo. Caldwell, John. Sermon, Lon., 1577, 8vo. Caldwell, Joseph. Fine Diuine Branches spring- ing in the li.irdcn of Vcrtue, Lon., sine wino. Caldwell, Thomas. A Select Collection of Ancient and Jlodcru Ei>iiii|dis aud Inscriptions, 1796, 12mo. Caldwell, \VilliamW.,b. 1823, Newburyport, Mass.; grad. Bowdoin Coll., 1843; a poet, has pub. some trans- lations from the (Jcrman. Calef, Robert, d. 1719, a merchant of Boston, dis- tingui.-hcd himself by opposing Cotton Mather and other believers in witchcraft. The excellent iMather — for such he truly was— pub. in 1692 The Wonders of the Invisible I World, 4to. Mr. Calef thought proper to oppose the witch- craft-theory, and answered this work in his More Wonders of the Invisible World Displayed, 5 parts, Lon.. 1700; re- printed at Salem in 1700. This publication excited great indignation. Dr. Increase Mather, President of Harvard College in 1700, ordered the book to be burned in the college- yard," and the members of the Old North Church pub. a defence of their pastors, the Mathers, entitled licmarks upon a Scandalous Book, Ac, with the motto. Truth wiU come off cnni|Ucror. Calep, Ralph. Med. Con. to PhiL Trans., 1708. Cales, Thomas. Voyages, &e. Caley, John, 1763-1834, a learned antiquary, Secre- tary to the National Record Commission during its conti- nuance, 1801-31, was joint editor in 14 of the works un- dertaken Ijy the Commissioners. He was also joint editor with Dr. Bandinell and Sir Henry Ellis of a new edit, of Dugdale's Monasticon. pub. in 54 parts, forming 8 vols, folio, at £141 15s., 1817-30. He contributed several arti- cles to the Archajologia, viz. : A Memoir of the Origin of the Jews in England, vol. viii., 1787 ; Extract from a MS. in the Augmentation OSBce, ix., 1789; A Valuation of Corpus Christi Shrine at York, x., 1790; A Survey of the Manor of Wymbledon, x., 1792. Calf hill, or Calfill, James, 1530-1570, entered King's College. Cambridge, 1545; Christ Chunh, Oxford, 1548; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1562; nominated by Queen Elizabeth to the Bishopric of Worcester, 1570, but died that year. Querela Oxoniensis Academicie ad Can- tabrigiam," Lon., 1552, 4to. A Latin Poem. Historia de Exhumationc Catherina;, ic, Lon., 1562, 8vo. An An- swere to the Treatise of the Crosse, 1565, 4to. '■ He was in bis younger days a noted poet and comedian, and in his elder, an exact disputant, and bad an excellent faculty in speaking aud preaching." — Allien. Oxon. Calhoun, John Caldwell, 1782-1850, a distin- guished American statesman, was born in Abbeville dis- trict, South Carolina, on the 18th of March. During "a period of forty ye.ars he rendered faithful services to the Union in the various capacities of Representative. Secre- tary of War, Vice-President, and Senator." Ho died at Washington City on the 31st of March, 1850. " Few men have been called upon to pass through scenes of higher political excitement, and to encounter more vigoious and unrelenting opposition than Mr. Calhoun; yet, amid all the pre- judices which party feeling engenders, and all the jealousy of po- litical rivals, and ail the animosity of political opponents, no one has ever ventured to hazard his own reputation for judgment or .sincerity so far as to doubt one moment his great and command- ing talents." Works, edited by Richard K. Cralle, New York, 1853- 54, &c., 6 vols. Svo. We annex some notices of Mr. Calhoun's Essay on Go- vernment, (vol. i. of his works,) to which he devoted the careful attention of many of his leisure hours : If we were called upon to select any one portion of the Trea- i should be at great difficulty to separate, where all is so closely connected. The history of parties in our Union, the profound speculations on the dangers attending our future destinies and their remedies, the account of the formation of our Colonial Governments, and of our federative system, and the demonstration that this is a federal, and not a national, go. vernment. are alike admirable. No piece of reasoning can be more conclusive than this vindication of the doctrine of State sove- reignty. Every truth has more to fear from its half-way friends than its avowed enemies. Few persons venture to deny that the states are sovereign, but their federalism is hidden even to them- selves, under the sophism of a divided sovereignty. They contend his Autobiography, with Preface, Notes, Ac, PhUa., 1855, i that our system is partly federal and partly national, a^d imagine CAL "A work heavy and languid; but the author has added con- siderably to our stock of informatinn concerning several parts of South America."— /..on, Quarlrrh/ Nei-ieio. Caldccott, R. M. The Life of Baber, Emperor of Uindostan, Lon,, 1844, 8vo. Caldccott, Thomas. Reports of Cases rclntrve to the Duty and Office of a Ju.stice of the Peace, 1775-85, Lon., 1786-1800, 4to ; 3 parts. Calder, Frederick. Explanation, Ac. of Anth- metic, Lon.. ]2mo. „, ., , „ --o, Calder, Jas., Surgeon. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731. Calder, John, D.D., 1733-1815. a native of Aber- deen, prcacliod for some time to a Dissenting congregation near the Tower. Sermon, 1772, 8vo. Trans, of Le Cou- rayer's Last Sentiments on Religion, 1787, 12mo. Notes to'Nichols's edit, of the Tatler, 1786, 6 vols. 8vo. He was not successful in an attempt to prepare for publication an improved edit, of Chambers's Cydopsedia. The duty was assigned to Dr. Abraham Recs. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, Ac. Calder, Robert, h. 1658, ordained about 1680, was a minister of much note in the Episcopal Church of Soot- land. He refused to acknowledge William and Mary, and was deprived of his curacy. He suffered greatly from persecution. In 1689 ho was imprisoned for eleven months in the Edinburgh jail for exercising his ministe- rial functions. Among his publications are. The Divine Right of Episcopacy. Edin., 1705. 8vo. The Lawfulness and Expediency of Set Forms of Pr.ayer, 1706, Svo. Mis- cellany Numbers, 1713, Svo. This was a weekly sheet m defence of Episcopacy, the Liturgy, Ac. His comparison between the Kirk and the Church of Scotland. 1712. was rcpub., Lon., 1841, 12mo. with a preface by Thomas Ste- phens. His work on the Priesthood, now very scarce, has been highly commended. Calder'on de La Harca, Madame Frances, a native of Scotland, was a Miss Inglis. In 1838 she was married to his Excellency Don Calderon do la Barca, Spanish minister to the United States and subsctpiently to Mexico. She has pub. a work entitled Life in Mexico; with a preface by W. H. Prcscott, the historian, 1843, which has been most favouriibly received. '■ Madame Calderon's book ha.s all the natural liveliness and tact, and readiness of remark, which are sure to distinguish the first production of a clever woman. ... A more genuine book, in air. as well as reality, it would be difficult to find." — Edin. Jt'eii.nv. " Here the wife of a Spanish Ambassador permits the publica- tion of journals written in a land hitherto unvisited by any one gifted with so keen an eye and so plea.sant a pen," — Lwi. AUientrum, Calderwood, David, 1575-1651 ? an eminent Scotch divine and Church historian; minister of Cniilling, near Jedburgh. 1604: deprived, for opposition to Episcopacy, 1617; returned home from a visit to Holland, 1625, Ho pub. several treatises, but is best known by his History of the Church of Scotland. 1560-1625, 1678. fol. This is a mere abridgment from the author's MS. History, which was given to the world by the Wodrow Society, 8 vols. Svo, 1842-49. " In high esteem with the men of its author's principles."— Bishop Nicolson. '- The history in fiivour of Presbyterianism." — Bickebsteth. " Written in a way. both with respect to the spirit and style of it, which renders it very unpleasant in the perusal." — Bir>g. Brit. Altare D.amascenum, 1621, '23, 4to ; in English, 1621, 12mo, under the title of the Altar of Damascus, or the Pattern of the English Hierarchy and Church obtruded upon the Church of Scotland. Calderwood, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1784. Caldwall, or Chaldwell, Richard, M.D., 1513?- 1585, was a Fellow of Brazenose College. Oxford, and in 1570 elected President of the College of Physicians. The Tables of Surgery, trans, from H. Moro, a Florentine phy- sician, Lon.. 1585. Caldwell, Andrew, 1752-1808. Public Buildings of Dublin, 1770. " Very judicious observations." Escape of James Stewart from some Turks, Lon., 1804, fol. ; privately printed. Caldwell, Charles, M.D.. 1772-1853, a learned phy- | tise'for quotat Bician of Philadelphia. In 1795 he trans. Blumenbaeh's Elements of Physiology, Medical and Physical Memoirs; containing, among other sulyecfs, a Particular Inquiry into the Nature of the Pestilential Epidemics of the United States, Lon., 1801, 8vo. In 1S14 he succeeded Nicholas Biddle as editor of the Port Folio. In 1816, edited Cullen's Practice of Physic. Life and Campaigns of General Greene, 1819. His pulilished writings and translations from l'r94 to 1851 amount to upwards of 200 articles. See CAL CAL that both the several States and the Union are sovereipn. To ex- pose this fallacy it is nei't-ssary to have a just conception of sove- reit;nty. Mr. Calboun's philosophical habits of thought kept this ever present to his mind. . . . Our free quotations Lave affoided to the reader some opportunity of judi^iu^^ of Mr. Calhoun's style. It has mme of that curious fdiciti/ which makes some books plea- sant leading, apart from the value of the ideas. There is less of that magnificent imagery which adorns Burke's thoughts, without encumbi;ring them, and illuminates the reason with the splendour of the imagination ; though occasionally images of great brilliancy flash, with meteor-like swiftness, across the path of Calhoun's dis- course. The rhythm of his style seems rugged, when read in an ordinary tone; but give it the earnest emphasis which marked his mannerof speaking, and its march beats time to its meaning." — Sinithern Quarterly lieview, vol. vii., New Series. JiTS. April. 1S53. "Wo return to this volume, however, only for the purpose of taking leave of it with an expression of sincere respect for the fi-ankness and ability with which it is written, and for the honesty of the author's purposes, however we may dissent from many of his opinions." — N' all Irish minor poems in the melody of its rhythm, the flow of its language, and the ■weird force of its expression. Mr. Callanan died as be was about returning to Ireland. A small 12mo volume of his Poems was published at Cork almost simultaneously with his death. A new edition, with a Memoir, — chiefly an ex- pansion of an article in Bolster's Quarterly Magazine of Ireland, — appeared in 1847, and a 3d editicm, edited by M, F. McCarthy, author of the Memoir, was issued in 1848. Callander, Jas. Military Maxims, Lon., 1782, 12mo. Callander, John, d. 1789, a Scotch Lawyer, Fellow and Secretary for Foreign Correspondence of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries, presented this body with 5 vols. folio, of his MS. works, and annotations upon Milton's Paradise Lost in 9 vols, folio! What an opportunity for some editor of the British Homer ! Two Ancient Scottish Poems: the Gaberlunzie Man and Christ's Kirk on the Green, with Notes and Observations, Edin., 1782, 8vo. "The deficiencies of Callander as an editor are amply compen- sated by his uncommon erudition as a philologist." An Essay towards a literal version of the New Testa- ment in the Epietle to the Ephesians, Glasg., 1779. " This is a very curious specimen of literal rendering, in which the order of the Greek words is rigidly followed, and the English idiom entirely abandoned, to the utter destruction of the elegance and meaning of the original. . . . The curiosity of the work is that the notes are in Greek; a proof, certainly, of Mr. Callander's dearning, but not of his wisdom." — Ornu's Bibl. Bib, Callander, John, Terra Australis Cognita, or Voy-;i^;;es to the Southern Hemisphere during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, Edin., 1766-68, 3 vols. 8vo. Callaway, John, ten years a Missionary at Ceylon. Oriental Oti^ervations and Occasional Criticisms, more or less ilhistrating several hundred passages of Scripture, Lon.. 1S27, 12mo. "This little and unassuming volume contains many valuable elucidali'ins of the sacred volume which will be sought in vain in some of its more voluminous predecessors." — Horne. "The notes are. for the most part, brief; and when suggested by thi' author's personal observations, interesting, and to the pui- pose." — I^m. Eclectic Rfixnrw. Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall, R.A., 1779-1814 Illustrations of the Chapel of the Annunziato dell'Arena, or Giotto's Chapel, in Padua, consisting of fine wood- engravings of paintings by the celebrated Giotto, with descriptions by Lady Callcott. imperial 4to, 1845. "This work was published by Sir A. Callcott to preserve a me* morial nf tliese int^uesting fresco paintings, executed in 1300 and now i;ijjiilly iii'risliing. 'It may assist persons,' he saya, 'in re- calling tlie ailiiiiration with which they cannot fail to have con- templated this monument of one of the greatest geniuses of an age fertile in great men.' " Callcott, John Wall, 1766-1821, Musical Doctor, brother of the preceding. Musical Grammar, 1SU6, '09, 8vo. Keyed Instruments, 1807. He left many MS. volumes intended as materials for a comprehensive Musical Dic- tionary. His Musical Grammar is much esteemed. It is to be deeply regretted that he did not complete his Dic- tionary. Are we not in want of such a guide? and who shall furnish it? Callcott, Maria, Lady, 1788-1843, a daughter of Rear-Admiral George Dundas, was married first to Cap- tain Thomas Graham, R. N., and after his decease became the wife of Mr. {afterwards Sir Augustus) Callcott. Lady Callcottsaw much of the world in her extensive peregri- nations in India, South America, Italy, Spain, &c. Travels in India, 1812. Three RLtnths in the Environs of Rome, 1S19, 1820. Memoirs of the Life of Poussin, 1820. His- toirc de P"rance, 18mo. History of Spain, 1828. Essays tnwards the History of Painting. 1S36. Other works. Her last work was A Scripture Herbal, with upwards of 120 Wood Engravings, 1842, c. 8vo. '• Kxecuted in a very meritorious and interesting manner. . . . The Book is altogether An Kxcellent Bible Companion; we can bestow no higher praise." — Lim. Literary Gazette. Lady Callcott devoted the last two j-ears of her life to drawing the specimens of the plants, and collecting the best works on Botany to furnish materials for this valu- able work. Callcott, Maria Hutchins. Rome amongst Stran- gers; a Tale, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. fp. Svo. " A very simple yet graceful story. There is much variety in the story, and the sketches of character are exceedingly good." — Lon. Church ftnd State Gasettt: Callender, James T., drowned at Richmond, Vir- ginia, 1803, was an exile for the following pamphlet, The Political Progress of Britain, itc, Edin., 1792, "Oo, Svo. Ptditical Register, or Proceedings in Congress, Nov. 3, 1794, to March 3. 1795, vol. 1, 2 parts, Phila., 1795, Svo. Sketches of the History of America, 1798. He was at one time a friend, afterwards a violent opponent, of Thomas Jefferson. Soe JeSersou's Letters; Col. Cent., July 30, 1803: Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. Callender, John, of R. Island. Serms., 1739, '45. Callicot, Theophilus Carey, b. 1826, in Cornwall, England. His parents settled iu Fairfax co., Va., in his childhood. Grad. Delaware Coll. ; studied law under Judge Storrs at the Yale Law School, and was admitted to the bar in N.Y. City in 1847. His pen has been employed chiefly iu contributing literary, political, and legal articles to the newspapers, magazines, and law-journals, and in editing tbe works of others for the press. Histoire du ; Canada; from the French of Abb6 Brasseurde Bourbourg j M. S. Lemoine's Etudes ey — Reges Beginae Nobiles, etc. ; re- printed with additions in 1603 and 1606, 4to. In 1603 appeared his collection of Historians — Asser, Walsingham, De la More, Cambrensis, Ac, Franck., fol. From these writers he had intended to compile a civil history of Great Britain, but abandoned the project. The article " Nor- man" is a part of the proposed work. In 1605 he pub. Remaines of a greater work concerning Britain, Ac, fob; and 1614, 1627, 1629, 1635, 4to ; 6th edit, enlarged by Sir John Phillpot and W. D., 1637, 4to ; 7th edit., 1674, Svo. This is a collection of fragments illustrative of the habits, manners, and customs of the ancient Britons and Saxons. At the desire of James I. he drew up, in Latin, an account of the Gunpowder plot, — Actio in Henricum Garnetum Societatis Jesuitica:, etc., 1607, 4to. '■ Performed with creat accuracy, elegance, and spirit." It was immediately condemned by the Inquisition. His attached friend and patron. Lord Burleigh, had in 1597, a year before his death, urged Camden to compile a history of the reign of Elizabeth. His lordship had carefully noted the events and actors of the time, and his informa- tion and literary records were of invaluable assistance to the historian. C.amdcn completed the first part of his task, extending to 1589, in 1615, when it was pulj. under the title of Annates rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum rcg- nante Elizabctha ad an.salutis. 1589, fob AVe can readily imagine the difficulty under which a historian Laboured who could only publish his MS. after inspection by one occupying the position to Mary of Scotland and Elizabeth 330 CAM of England -which was held by James I. The royal war- rant- for the publication of part first empowered Camden to publish " so much of the History of England in Latin as we have perused," &c. ^. . •' «ome ol.iuctious were made with respect to the account he has riven of the uutortunate Mary, Queen of Scots, as if he had been Viassi-d therein, from a complaisance for her son, who was his sovereign: but there does not appear any just ground fcr these suggestions : much less for what has been asserted, that his work wa's altered or castrated, and that it did not appear to the world as it fell originally from his pen,"— J3i(>9, llril. However innocent Camden may have felt of cause for any just censure, he doubtless was conscious that he was placed in a position which no historian should occupy ; and that he had erred in publishing his work under such circumstances. He intrusted a copy of the original Mb. of the second portion to his friend Mr. Dupuy, who was ordered to puldish it after the historian's decease. The trust was discharged. It was first printed at Leyden, 1625, Svo ; and again at London, 1627, fol. ; Leyden, 1639, 8vo; an English trans, by Thomas Brown, Lon., 1628, 4to- in English, 16.'!5. fob; Latin, Lugd. Bat., 1639, Svo; London, 1675, fol. ; the same, Amst., 1677, Svo; in Eng- lish, Lon., 1688, fob; best edit., by Hearne, from Dr. Smith's copy, corrected by Camden's own hand, collated with a MS. in Rawlinson's library, Oxf., 1717, 3 vols. Svo; and see Kennet's Collection, ii., 1706. " The method is clear and plain, judiciously laid down, and constantly pursued, with equal .accuracy, skill, and attention. The style' is grave, and suited to the majesty of the history, never sweliiiig into a false sublime, or sinking even in the relation of the smallest circumstances, but even and elegant throughout, free fiom any mixture of .affectation, and from a vain and needless ostentation of learning : no way deficient in necessai-.y circum- stances, never loaded with tedious or trilling particularities, but iroceeding in so just and equal a manner that the attention of the reader is continually retained, and never embarrassed by any ambiguity or doubtfulness of expression."— B!r«. ,Bi-i(. " A most exquisite history."— Bisuop ^ICOl.so^l : Ergluh Hist. '•■'ftimden's Annals of Elizabeth and Bacon's Hist, of Henry Til are the only two Lives of the Sovereigns of England which come up to the diguity of the subject, either in fulness of matter or be-aufy of composition." — Selden. The reader will be pleased to know the opinion of Mr. Hume ; . ^ . •■ Camden's History of Queen ElizJibeth may be esteemed goocl composition, both for style and matter. It is written with simpli- citv of expression very rare in that age, and with a regard to truth It would not, perhaps, he too much to atTirm that it is among the best historical productions which have yet been com- posed by any Englishman u„.,.^ ,., ...., -..,. It is well known that the English have not much excelled in that kind of literature."— Hrsf. nf Eng. Dr. Robertson protests against Camden's version of Scottish aflrairs under Queen Mary as more inaccurate than any which has come down to us. Doubtless the historian was placed in circumstances calculated to cause him to fa- vour the character of Elizabeth. Annales Jacohi Reges, 1603-23. Lon., 1691, 4to ; in English, see Kennet's Collec- tion. Epistola cum Appendice varii argnmenti, Lon., 1691, 4to. Description of Scotland. Edin., 1695, Svo. Antiquities and Ofiice of Herald in England, Oxf., 1720, Svo. Ipsius et iUustrium Virorum, Ac, Lon., 1691, 4to. Camden also wrote some poems, epitaphs, .and antiquarian essays. Vide Hearne's Collection, Ac The name of Camden is, undoubtedly, one of the most distinguished which adorns the English annals. "The hi"h reputation bis writings acquired him an^ongst fo- reigners, is'^ at the same time, a trihute to his merit, and to tha glory of this nation, which owes to few of her worthies In the Ke- puhiic of Letters more th.an to him. whose fame extended through- out Europe, and yet escaped the rage of critics wherever it came. This was certainly owing, in a great measure, to the sweetness and candour of his temper, which so qualified his learning, that in foreign natii. Cameron, Thos., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1747. Cameron, William. The French Revolution. Ediu., 1802, Svo. Camfield,Benj. Theological treatises. Lou., 165S-85. His Discourse of Angels and their Ministries, 167S, Svo, has been highly commended. "The suViject here umlertaken to be treated upon is certainly very hi^h and noble in itself and exceedinjjly useful for us to be acquainted withul. I have read it over to my great satisfaction and edification." — Geo. Hammond. Camfield, Francis. Serm.. Lon.. 1694, Svo. Camlan, Goronva. Lays from the Cvmbric Lyre, Lon., 1S46, 12mo. '' For sincerity of purpose. — for the enthusiasm of the writer. — and for the erudition and al>ility which support that enthusiasm, the volume deserves well at the hands of the public."' — Lon. Critic. Campbell, Miss. Poems, Lon., 12nio. Campbell, A., M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 17S5. Campbell, A. C. Apologi:e Ecclesine Anglicana?. from Bp. .Tewel, 1812, 12mo: in Greek, by Smith. 1S12. 12mo : in English, 1S13. Svo. Trans, of the Law of Nature and Nations, from Grotius, 1814, 3 vols. Svo. Campbell, A, D. 1. Grammar of the Teloogo or Gentoo Language. 2. Dictionary of ditto, Madras, 1S16, '21. 4to. Campbell, Alevander. Sequel to Bulkeley and Cummin's Voyage to the South Seas, Lon., 1747, Svo. A Chain of Philo=ophieal Reasoning in proof of the existence of a Supreme Beins:. 1754, Svo. Campbell, Alexander. History of Dover Castle, Lon., 1786, 4to; a trans, from the Latin MS. of Rev. W. Darell. Campbell, Alexander. An Examination of Lord Bolingbroke's Letters on History, (anon.j) 2d edit., Lon., 1753, 'l2mo. CAM Campbell, Alexander. An Introduction to the His- tory uf Poetry in Scothiiid. Edin., 1709, 4to. '■ A valuable work, containing much interesting matter inamis- cellanerius form." — Park. A Journey from Edinburgh through parts of North Britain. Lon., 1S02, 2 vols. 4to. ■' This work unitt^s pleasure, information, and instruction, while it exhibits a model to the tourist. The physical. mi:>ral. prditical, reIii,dons. and literary state of the Scotch Metropolis is lu-re truly exhibited."' Otlier works. Campbell, Alexander. Piditical tracts, 1806-17. Campbell, Alexander. History of Lcith, Leith, 1S24, Svo. Campbell, Rev. Alexander, b. 17S8, at Shaw's Castle, county of Antrim, Ireland, during many years a resident in America, has written and edited the following works: Christian Baptist; 7 vols., from 1S23 to 1829, both inclusive. Millennial ILarbinger, now (lS5o) iu its 2Cth vol. ; 1st No. pull. Jan.. ls3i). Christian System. Chris- tian Baptism. Christian Hymn Book. Infidelity refuted by Infidels. New translation of the Kew Testamentj Pocket and Family editions, with prefaces, &c. Debates with Walker, McCalla, Owen, Purcell, and Rice. The Debate between Robert Owen, Esq., and Alexander Camp- bell, as to the respective merits of Socialism and Chris- tianity, Lon., Svo. "With an acute, vigorous mind, quick perceptions, and rapid powers of combination. Air. Campbell sorely puzzled his antagonist, and at the same time both delighted and instructed his audience, by his masterly defence of the truth, divine origin, and inestimable importance of Christianity. " — Cincinnati Chronich. Campbell, Archibald, Marquis of Argyle, 1598- 1661. Speeches. Letters. Answers, Ac. connected with his political life and trial for High Treason; pub. Lon.. 1641, '46. '48, '52. '61. Instructions to a Son. Lon., UJSH, 12mo. Campbell, Hon. Archibald, a Scotch Prelate, con- secrated 1711, at Dundee, wrote several theological worka. The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and the Resurrection ; of Prayers for the Dead, «tc., Lon., 1713, fol, "AH Christians believe in a middle state; but Bishop Campbell's views are so like popery, though he very earnestly disavows it, that very few it is presumed out of Home will be found to espouse them." — Orme. " A learned work, fending to Komanism, but with useful sug- gestions." — BiCKERSTETH. The Necessity of Revelatiavid, M.D. Typhus Fever, Lancaster, 17S.5. Svo. Campbell, Donald, (Carpenter, StepheQ Cul- len, •i-r.) A .It>iirncy Overland to India, 1795, 4to. *"lt abounds with natural reflections, and contains the travels 331 CAM but point out the prominent parts and ciroumptanres of the general subjtiitp, with interesting remarlis." — Dr. E. \Villi.\ms. Lectures on the Pastoral Character; edited by J. Frazer, Lon., 1811, Svo. " Worthy of the pen which produced the Essay on the Miracles." LOWXDES. Dr. C. also pub. a number of Sermons, 1752, 71, '76, '77, '79. Works pub. in 6 vols. Svo, 1840. "The writings of Professor Campbell, thoufih not distinguished for a rich exhiliition of the grace of the gosiK-1. are manifestly the works of an upright, conscientious man."' — Bickeksteth. " Had Campbell devoted his attention to mental philosophy, he could have done all that Keid or Stewart has accomplished." — KORERT lUl-L. Campbell, Geo., of Ptwkbridge. Scrms.,Edin., 1816. Campbell, Hector, M.D. Med. and Polit. works, Lon., 18011, '10, '13. Campbell, Sir Hugh. The Lord's Prayer, Edin., 1709, Svo. Campbell, Hugh, LL.D. The Case Mary Q. of Scots, Ac, from the State Papcr.s ttc, Lon.. 1S25, Svo. Campbell, Ivie. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. Campbell, J. Trade to Turkey and Italy,Lon.,1734,4vo. Campbell,J.,M.I). Letter to his Friend,Lon.,1746,8vo. Campbell, Jacob, 1760-1788, b. in Rhode Island. Political Essays. Campbell, James. Modern Faulconry, Edin., 1773, Svo. The introduction was written by Rev. Alex. Gillies to ridicule Monboddo's work oi; language. "Tilt- aiconnt of hawking is fabulous." Campbell, John. Sec Macuhe. Johm. Campbell, John, Earl of London, Lord-Chan- cellor of Sccitlaud. Speeches pub. 11)41, '45, '46, '48. , ... . , Campbell, John, Lord, b. 1779, at Springfield, tioner; Pastor of Bancbory-Ternan, 1(50; Minister at j.jj.^gjjj|.|.^ Scotland, was educated at St. Andrew's, and Aberdeen, 1756; Princip.al of Marischal College, 1769. ^^Ugj ^„ tij^ gar by the Society of Lincoln's Inn in 1806. Dr. Campbell was a man of distinguished learning and jj^ ijeei^mc q.c. in 1824; Solicitor CJeneral and a Knight abilities. . . | Bachelor, IS.'U ; Attorney-General, 1834; Lord Chancellor A Dissertation on Miracles, containing an e.vamination ^j. j,.j.|_.,„,i^ jg^j. On the retirement of Lord Denham he of the principles advanced by David Hume, Ac. Edin., ' ^^^ ^^^-^^ Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench. In poUtics CAM of the writer's mind, together with his bodily peregrinations."— Lon. Munthhj Niview. 179.0. Letter to the Marcjuis of Lon. on the Present Times, 1798, Svo. Campbell, Dorothea Primrose, a native of Ler- , wick. Shetland Islands. Poems, Inverness, 1810, Svo. Miss C. made the aciiuaintance of Sir 'Walter Scott during his visit to the Northern Isles. He encouraged her literary aspirations, and she pub. the above volume, which is dedi- j cated to Sir Walter. Campbell, Duncan. Time's Telescope, Lon., 1734, Svo. Tlio Earth's Groans, 1755, Svo. De F(pc pub. in 1720, Svo, The Life and Adventures of Duncan Campbell; and Eliza Haywood pub. in 1725, Svo, A Collection of Stories relating to Duncan Campbell. Campbell, G. L. Expedition to St. Augustine, 1744; this was Gen. Oglethorpe's expedition. Campbell, George John Douglas, Duke of Ar- gyll, b. l.'<23, ii warm advocate of the princiiilcs of the Church of Scotland, pub. when 19 years of age, A Letter to the Peers, from a Peer's Son ; this relates to the cele- brated Auchterarder Case, which led to the disruption of the Church of Scotland. In 1848 his Gr.ace pub. Presby- tery Examined, iu which he reviews the Ecclesiastical His- tory of Scotland since the Reformation. His Grace is a man of extensive attainments, and labours zealously for the advancement of science and literature. Campbell, George, D.D., 1719-1796, a native of Aberdeen, studied at Marischal College, and afterwards applied himself to the study of Law. Preferring Divinity, he qualified himself for examination, and in 1746 received his license from the Presbytery of Aberdeen as a proba- 1762, Svo; 1766, '97, 1S12, '23, Ac Trans, into French, Dutch, and German. " It contains a most masterly defence of the evidence arising from miracles, of the nature of the testimony by which they are supported, and of the miracles of the Gospel themselves. He com- pletely unravelled the web which the ingenious adversary of Chris- his lordship is a Whig. Reports, Nisi Prius, 1807-16, Lon., 1809-16, 4 vols. r. Svo. These volumes should accompany Espiniisso's Reports, 1793-lSll, 6 vols. Svo. The Reports are continued by Starkie. Ryan, and Moody. Campbell's Reports have a high reputation. They were repub. in tianity [Hume] had woven, for the purpose of entangling Its Ne„ York, 1810-21, 4 vols. bvo. Letter to Lord btanley, friends; and did every thing but extort an .aclinowledgment from him that he was beaten with bis own weapons." — Orme. " An able answer to Hume's Essay on .Miracles."— lilcKEESTETH. " Kiclily deserving repeated perusal: in it the most daring and subtle olijections of iutidels are analysed, detected, and exposed, in an iuterestiug and masterly manner." — DR. ?. Willi.endence, and impartiality, and contains more of the philosophy of Church His- tory than anv other book in the English language. Considering the" subject, it is a more entertaining book than might have been expected." — Orme. "Neither Campbell nor Jortin embrace a regular series of facts; 332 Lon., 1837, Svo. Speeches at the Bar and House of Commons, Svo, 1842. Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England, Lon., 1845^8, 7 vols. Svo; 4th ed., 1857, 10 vols. cr. Svo. " A work of BterUng merit,— one of very great labour, of richly- diversified interest, and, we arc satisfied, of lasting value and esti- mation. 'We doubt if there be half a dozen living men who could produce a l!i" 'ra|ihical .Series on such a scale at all likely to com- mand so miicli apiilioHi- from the candid among the learned as wea as from tlie curious of the laity."— -ton. Qiiar. Bei:, Dec. 1S47. " Lord Campbell has rendered a very acceptable service, not only to the leg.al profession, but to the history of the country, by the prepanition of this important and elaborate wor]i:'—Lnn.La>o Bee. " I need scarcely advise every reader to consult Lord Campbell 8 excellent work."— Lord Mac.4CI.it. Lives of the Chief-Justices of England, Lon,, 1S49, 2 vols, Svo, vol. ill., 1857. Sec Edin. Rev., Oct. 1857. " In the Lives of the Chief Justices there is a fund both of in- teresting infnrm.ation and valuable mjitter, which renders the book well worthy of perusal bv every one who desires to attain an ao quaintance with the constitutional history of his country, or .as- pires to the rank of either a statesman or a lawyer." — BriUmnia. "There is. indeed, in Lord Campbell's works much instruction; his subjects h.ave been so happily .selected, that it was scarcely possible that there should not be. An eminent lawyer and states- man could not write the lives of great statesmen and lawyers without interweaving curious information, and suggesting valu- able principles of iudgment. and useful practical maxims; but it is not for these that his works will be read. Their principal merit is their easy, animated flow of interesting narrative. No one pos- sesses better than Lord Campbell the art of telling a story ; of passing over what is commonplace; of merely suggesting what m.ay lie inferred ; of explaining what is obscure, and of placing in strong light the details of what is interesting."- -Brfiji. Beview. Campbell, John, LL.D., 1708-1775, a native if Edinburgh, was a voluminous Historical, Biographical, and Political writer. We notice a few of his works, a list of which will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Military Hist, of Prince Eugene and the Duke of Marlborough, Lon., 1736, 2 vols. fol. Lives of British Admirals and other eminent Seamen, Lon.. 1742-44, 4 vols. Svo ; 3 edits, in the author's lifetime ; 4th edit., with a continuation by Dr. Berkenhout to 1779, S vols. r. Svo; continued by H. R. Yorke and W. Stevenson, (to 1812,) Lon., 1812-17, 8 vols. r. 8vo. Severely criticized in the United Service Journal, 1842, '43. Voyages and travels, from Columbus to Ansoii, Lon., 1744, 2 vols. fol. This is a great improve- CAM ment on Harris's Collection. 1702. '05, 8vo. The Present State of Europe, 1750, Svo ; many edits. Highlands of Scotland, 1751, Svo. New Sugar Islands in the West In- dies, Svo. Trade of Great Britain to America, 1772, 4to. A Political Survey of Great Britain, Lon., 1774, 2 vols. r.4to. "A most judiciousand most useful work."— BiWWfera Parriana "This is a work of iuestimalili. value to those who wish to un derstand the best means of promoting the prosperity of their native country." — Kelt's Intrnduc. to Us-ful Books. •■ It disappointed the out.lic, nor can it be considered as a safe guide in affording that knowledge its title would assume." "This is a work of great Labour and research; but it is ill ai^ ranged, overlaid with details, tedious, and of little practical value " —McCullorh's Lit. rif roUt. Ecmimnij. Dr. C. was a large and valuable contributor to the An- cient Universal History. Sec Boswell's Life of Johnson, The Jlodern Universal History, and the Biographia Bri- tannica. "I think highly of Campbell. In the first place, he has verv good parts. In the second place, he has ver^- extensive reading"- not, perhaps, what is properly called learning, but history, politics, aud, in short, that popular knowledge which makes a'mau verv useful." — Dr. Johnson. ^ Campbell, John. History of the Old Testament 1731, 2 vols. fol. "I have applied myself so clcsely to this history of the Penta- teuch, as. in sixteen months, not to have stirred more than a hun- dred yards from home, above ten times at most."— Pre/ace. Campbell, Rev. John, 1766-1.840, h. in Edinburgh. He was the founder and for eighteen years the editor of The Youth's Magazine. In 182.1 he established the Teacher's Offering, which is still pub. by the London Tr.act Society. Travels in South Africa, undertaken at the re- quest of the Missionary Society, 1815, Svo. Second Jour- ney, 1822, 2 vols. 8to. --Mr. C.ampbcll. by his Travels, has considcr.iblv enlarged the sphere of our knowledge of .*,5uthcrn Africa."- ion. 'Quar Kfv 'CampbeU penetr.ited further than La Trobe or Lichtenstein, and discovered some populous tribes and large towns. La Trobe's is the most interesting narrative." — Stevenson. Campbell was the first to penetrate beyond Lattakoo, the capital of the Boshuana tribe of the Matchapins. He pub. some other works. Life, Times, and Miss. Enter- prises of Rev. John Campbell, by Robert Philip, Lon., 18-il, 8vo. Campbell, John. Worlds Displayed: for Touno- People. " '■Twenty years ago I had met with eight ministers, and more ministers wives, who had been converted by reading that book." — Author s MS. ° Campbell, John, D.D. Jethro; Essay on Lay Agency, p. Svo. The Martyr of Erromanga; or the Philosophy of Missions; illustrated from the Labours. Death, and Cha- racter of the late Rev. John Williams, 2d edit.. Lon 1842 12mo; 3ded., 1843, Svo. •, io*i, "Never before has Missionary enterprise been placed in such a ranety of commanding and all-absorbing aspects."— ZOT.£-canprf, Memoirs of Daniel Nasmith. '■ We wish the book a place in every library, in every family, in e^ery hij^H."— Glasgow Examiner. "J< '" Campbell, John, of Carbrook. Letter to Sir Henry Parnel. on the Corn Laws, 1S14. Con. to Ann. Philos on the Tide: Vegetat>lcs; Vision, 1814, '16, '17. Observa- tions on Modern Education. Edin., 182.3, 12mo. Campbell, John. The Stafford Peerage".Lori.,1818 4to nu^i!*'"';'""i,'.' •'°''" ^•' ''• "^*' •■'K'^'l J6. a minister at thlllicothe, Ohio. Doctrine of Justification Considered Strictures on Stone's Letters, 1805. Vindcx, in answer to Stone s Reply, 1806. He left a MS. History of the Western Country. Campbell, John Wilson, b. in Virginhi. For thirty years a bookseller in Petersburg, Va. History of Yir ginia. 181.'!. ■^ Campbell, Juliet H. L., a daughterof Judge Lewis ? i/rr^ ,?"'?' """^ •■' "'""■'= "'■ "'»' State, was married in 184.3 to Mr. James H. Campbell. She resides in Potts viUe, Pennsylvania. She gave early indications of poetical talent, and has contributed many pieces both in prose and verse to periodicals. The stanzas entitled A Story of Sun- rise posse's considerable merit. Campbell, Lawrence Dundas. India Observer, Ac. See BovD, Hugh. Reply to the Strictures of the Edm. Review relative to Marquis Wellesley's administra- tion, ic. Lon., 1807. AsiaticAnnual Register, 1809 8 vols Campbell, Peter. Forms of Procedure in a Process of Cessio Bonornm, 2d edit.. Edin., 1837 lOmo De'btor'^s'ut''"''' ""''"''''' '°'" *'"' decisions under the Insolvent '■ No practitioner onght to be without this little Manual, and to l.^ «™>1'°K community at large it will be found of great advan- tage. — IvTt/t Advertiser. CAM Campbell, R. London Tradesman, Lon., 1747, Svo. Campbell, Robert. Life of the Duke of Argyle, Lon.. 1745. ''■' ' Campbell, Robert. Con. to Phil. Trans., account of a man who lived IS years on water. 1742. Campbell, Thomas, LL.D. Survey of the South of Ireland. 1777, Svo. Sermon, 17S0, 4to. Strictures on the Ecclesiastical and Literary History of Ireland, Dubl. 17S9, Svo. '' " A well written and ingenious work." Campbell, Thomas, 1777-1844, a native of Glasgow, was educated at the University of that city, where he was distinguished for his proficiency in classical studies. In 1799 he pub. The Pleasures of Hojie, Edin., 12mo, dedi- cated to Dr. Anderson. Four editions were called for within a year. He had sold the copyright to Mr. Mundell for £21, but the generous bookseller g,ave the author £50 for each succeeding edition. Campbell now visited the Continent, and from the mon.astery of St. Jacob witnessed the battle of Hohenlinden, Dec. 3, 1800. Ho has com- memorated the dreadful spectacle in lines which will never be forgotten. At Hamburg, in 1801, he competed The E.\ile of Erin, and Ye Mariners of England. Returning home, he resided for upwards of a year in Edinburgh, where he wrote Lochiel's Warning, which Sir Walter Sc'tt heard read, read it himself, and then repeated the whole from memory. In 1S03 he pub. in London an edition of his poems in 4to. In this year he was married to Miss Martha Sinclair, of Edinburgh, and settled at Sydenham, in Kent. In 1806 he pub. Annals of Great Britain from the Accession of George IIL to the Peace of Amiens. In 1805 his means had been increased by a pension of £200 per annum. In 1809 appeared Gertrude of AVyoming, a Pennsylvanian Tale, (and other Poems.) which confirmed his poetical reputation. In 1818 he again visited Germany. In 1SI9 he pub. his Specimens of the British Poets, with biographical and critical notices, and an Essay on En^-lish Poetry, 7 vols. Svo; 1S41, '45, '4S. ° "In the Biographies, the Kditor has e.xerted the main part of his strength on the M,rits and Writings of each /b,(asan Author with an intention to form A Complete Eodv of English PoEiiCiL Cbiticism." "Rich in exquisite examples of English Poetry, and suggestions of delightful thoughts beyond any volume in the langua.'e "— Lon. Alias. " •■ ■JVe are very glad to see Mr. Campbell in any way. and we tbink the work which he has now given us very excellent and de- lightful. — Edtn. Reviiiw. The Selections however are not the best "Specimens" of the authors. From 1810-20 he edited The Kew Monthly Magazine, to which he contributed many beautiful poems: of these, perhaps. The Last Man has been most admired! In 1820 he delivered a course of Lectures on Poetry at the Surrey Institution. In 1824 appeared Theodoric and other Poems. In 1S27 he was elected Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow. The dignified Lord Rector com- menced his duties as follows: "It was deep snow when he reached the College-green, the stu- dents were drawn up in parties, pelting one another : the poet ran into the ranks, threw several snow-balls with unerring aim then summoning the scholars around him in the hall, delivered a speech replete with philosophy and elociucnce. It is needless to say how it was received. '— All.i-n Cdn.ni.voh.im. In 1830 ho started the Metropolitan Magazine, to which Thomas Moore occasionally contributed. It subse- quently fell into the hands of Captain Marryat. In 1834 he pub. the Life of Mrs. Siddons, 2 vols. Svo. In his letters from the South, 1837, 2 vols. Svo, or A Poet's Residence in Algiers, 1845, 2 vols. Svo, originally pub. m The New Monthly Magazine, we have an enter- taining picture of scenes which produced a deep impression on the writer. "These admirable letters furnish us with by far the most inte- resting and picturesque sketches of Algiers and the adjacent dis- tricts that we have yet met with."- ion. Sun. ■■ A most remarkable and interesting hook."— John Bull. The Life and Times of Petrarch, 2 vols. Svo, 1841. '•The standard life of Petrarch. The fortunes and career of the poet are traced with admirable distinctness; his devoted passion lor Laura is finely developed and characterized: and his poetical character is analyzed and estimated with .all the power of a kindred genius. This work must take its place in our libraries .as one of the most interesting and unportant historical works of our time" — Lfm. Alhena'um. '■The standard work of reference, to which after ages will anneal " — (ymrl Journal. et"^*". Frederick the Great, his Court and Times, 4 vols 8yo 1843: new edition, 2 vols. Svo, 1844. Ed. by T C ' ' "7}t Tu''"' ^V'*' '"'^ *'"' honour of being introduced to the world by the author of Hohenlinden. is not unworthy of so di * -T."b mI'^u lYr™' " '^ '"' e'tceedingly amusing cohipilation.'- "Those Uemohs are of peculiar value m the light they throw 333 CAM CAN on the conciition and fortunes of the masses oyer whom Frederick ruled." — Ltm. A(hen(Eum. '• This ' Life of Frederick the Great' will become a standard work iu the liliraries of Engliind." — Scotstiuni. TJie Pilgrim of Glencoe, and other poems, 1S42. A Life of Sbukspeare. In 1843 Mr. Campbell visited Bou- logne, accompanied by his niece, for the benefit of his health, and resided there until his death, June 16th, 1844. He lies in Westminster Abbey. His friend Dr. William Beattie was with him in the " inevitable hour," and has fa- voured the world with his life and letters, 3 vols. p. Svo,184S. " The Pleasures of Hope, a poem dear to every reader of poetry, bore, amidst many beauties, the marks of a juvenile composition, and received from the public the indulgence due to a promise of future excellence. Some license was also allowed for the didactic nature of the subject, which, prescribiu-:; no formal plan, left the poet free to indulge his fiincy in excursions as irrejiular as they are elegant and animated. It is a consequence of both these cir- cumstances that the poem presents iu some degree the appearance of an unfinished picture. . . . The merits and defects of Gertrude of Wyomiug have this marked singularity, that the latter intrude upon us at the very first reading, whereas, after repe-ated perusals, we perceive beauties which had previously escaped our notice." — Lon. Quarterly Beview, i. 241. *' We rejoice to see onco more a polished aud pathetic poem in the old style of English pathos aud poetry. This [Gertrude of "Wyomimi] is of the pit'ni''.''s Life of Oicrn. Answered by Dr. John Owen, Lou., 1662, and by Dr. Whitby. Oxon.. 1666. The Diaphonta of Thomas Cand- ish, nnticed above, was elicited by Fiat Lux. Caner, Henry, 1700-1792. a minister at King's Cha- pel, Bo.^ton, graduated at Yale College, 1724; he pub, several sermons. 1751, '5S, '61, *63, '64, '65. Canfield, Francesca Anna, 180.3-1823, a native of Philadelphia, was a daughter of Dr. Felix Pascalis, an Italian physician. She was distinguished for her know- ledge of languages, and the excellence of her poetical pieces, many of which were pub. iu the periodicals. See Griswold's Female Poets of America. Canfield, Henry Jndson, b. 1789 in Conn. Trea- tise on Sheep. Coutrib. to Ohio Cultivator, Amer. Agri- culturist, &c. Canham, V, Serm., 1711, 4to. Canue, John, a leader of the English Brownists at Amsterdam. Neee.-rsity of Separation from the Church of England, Lon., 1634, fol. He pub. other works, but is best known by his edition of the Bible with marginal notes, showing Scripture to be the best Interpreter of Stripture, Amst., 1664, Svo; vei-y rare; often reprinted. The Edin. edit., 1727, Svo, is preferred by some. '■ The marginal references of Canne are generally very judicious. They still retain a considerable repufatii'n. tliuii-rh most of the latter editions which pass under the name of ('anne'.s Bible are full of errors, and crowded with references which do not belong to the original author. Canne wrote a number of controversial pieces, some of which are very curious, and all of them exceed- ingly scarce." — Orme. Canne, John. Evangelical Hist, of the Bible, Lon., 1766. Cannell, Joseph. Serm., 1708, 4to. CAN CAP Canning, George, of the Middle Temple, d. 1771, father *•!" tliu lit. Ilttn. George Canning. A Trans, of Anti- Lucretius, Lun.. 1766, 4to. Puems, 1767, 4to. •■We f».>iin no very favourable opiuion of this translation; — we find a want of precision; — we obst-rve a diffusiveness in the ex- pression, which rather enfeebles than illustrates the author, and gives him a redundancy of sentiment with which he is not charge- able. . . . The introductoiy address in the volume of P the lower llnu^e of Convocation. 1712, '17, 8vo. Cannon, T. Family Library; a Funeral Sermon, Lon.. Svo. Canon^ or Canonicus, John, by some called Mar- bros, d. about l.UO, an English Franciscan monk, studied at O.xford aud Paris. lie was a pupil and imitator of Duns Scotus. He returned to Oxford, and there taught theology until his death. He was an able commentator upon Aristotle, in Aristotelis Physica, lib. viii. ; printed at St. Alban's, 1481, Svo: reprinted at Venice, 1481, '87, '92, and 1505, 4to; to the edit, of 1492 some other trea- tises were added. Cant. History of Perth. Perth, 1774, 2 vols. Svo. Cant, Andrew, Bishop of Glasgow, d. 1728, was the son of Andrew Cant, an Episcopal minister of PitslJgo, from whose whining tone in the pulpit the terra "cant" is supposed to be derived. See The Spectator, No. 147 ; but cantn perhaps has better claim to the paternity. A Serm, preached on the 30th of January-. 1703. Edin.' 1703. 4to. Cantjrus, Andreas, Theses Philosophicae quas Ma- reschallaini Alumni, ttc, publicepropugnabunt,lished reputation, the authoritafive air of his notes, and the shrewd observiitions. as well as majesty, of his preface-. . . . There is not aniong the vari- ous publications of the present literary Jera a more sin>::ular com- position than that ' Introduction.' In style and manner it is more obsolete, and antique, than the age of whii-h it treats. It has since been added to the prolegomena of Johnson and Steevens's edition."— iJt.yt/. Diet., 179S. Capell announced in the title-page, '■ Whi.-rennto will be added, in somy nther volumes, notes, criti- cal and explanatory, and a body of various readings entire." To these was to be added another work disclosing the sources from which Shakspeare "Drew the greater part of his knowledge in mythological and classical matters, his fable, his history, and even the seeming pe- culiarities of language — to which we have given for title, The School of Shakspeare." After the assiduons labour of forty years, Mr. Capell died without seeing his great work in print, (a volume of Notes and Readings had appeared in 1775, 4to;) it was pub. by the care of Mr. Collins in 1783, 3 vols. 4to, en- titled Notes and Various Readings to Shakespeare. To which is added The School of Shakespeare, &c. These volumes contain much valuable matter. See Monthly Re- view and Critical Review. He also pub. Prolusions, or Select Pieces of Ancient Poetry, Lon., 1760, Svo, and altered the Play of Antony and Cleopatra as acted at Drury Lane in 1758. "Capell's t^xt of Shakspeare, notwithstanding all which has been achieved since his decease, is, perhaps, one of the purest ex- tant." — DraJce's Shakspeare and H/'s Times. " Mr. Capell I call the P'ltnm of f^hakspea^e. They who are ac- quainted with his critical writings on Shakspeare, and his accu- rate researches iuto this species of antiquity, will not scruple \YiIh me to pronounce him the Father of all legitimate commentart ON Shakspeare," — Pursuits of Literature. Capen, Joseph^ of Massachusetts, d. 1725, aged 66, pub. about 1682 an Elegy on John Foster. Capen, Nahum, b'.*1804 at Canton, Mass. Biof^ra- phy of Dr. F. J. Gall. Edited his works translated from tho French, 6 vols. 12mo. Bio.£i;rnphy of Dr. J. G. Spurz- heim, prefixed to his work on Physiognomy, Svo. Prin- cipal editor of the Annals of Phrenology, 2 vols. 12mo. Edited the writings of the Hon. Levi Woodbury, LL.D., Boston, 1S53, 3 vols. 8vo, Edited the Massachusetts State Record from 1847 to 1851, 5 vols. He was among the first to memorialize Congress on the subject of interna- tional copyright. A letter of his, printed by the U. S. Senate, led to the organization of tho Census Board at Washington. He is the author of other works on History, Political Econiuny. &c, Capgravius, John, d. 1464. Nova Legenda, sivo vitie sanctorum Angliiie, Lon., 1516. A beautiful speci- men of de AVorde's press. Vita Henriei le Spenser, Episc. Norwicensis. In Whartoni Angl. Sacr., torn. ii. 359. A list of the lives in the N'lva Legenda (Capgrave's Lives of the Saints) will bo found in Catal. Lib. MSS. Bibl. Cottun. p. 40. Tib. E. L, edit. 1802. Capp, Mary E, African Princess, and other Poems, 1813, 8vo. Cappc, Catherine, widow of Newcome. pub. Me- moirs of her late husb;ind in 1802, prefixed to his Critical Remarks on Scripture, and some works on Charity Schools, Ac, 1800. '05. "09. *14. Autobiography. 1822. 8vo. Cappe, Newcome, 1732-1800, a Sociuian minister. pub. Serms. and Discourses, 1784, '95, '96, a Selection of Psalms, and a Defence of Mr. Lindsey agaiust Cooper, and" of Dr. Priestley against the Monthly Reviewers. Some of his Discourses were pub. York, 1805, Svo, and 1815, Svo. " Eminent talents for pulpit eloquence, with a copious flow ol strong and often heautiful expression." — Rev. W. Wood. " In our judjiment the most eloquent sermon writer of moderc times." — Lou. Miruihly Jiipository. His Critical Remarks on many important Passages of Scripture were pub. with Memoirs of bis life by Catherine Cappe in 1802, 2 vols. Svo. " A great part of his Critical Remarks turns upon points of con- troversy, and is at variance with the sentiments of Christians of almost every denomiuation." — Dr. Maltut. " There is a great portion of very perverted ingenuity and strained criticism. The reader will easily believe this, when I mentir>n that Mr. Cappe's remarks were too free even for the Monthly Reviewers." — Orme. Capper, Benj. Pits. Statistical Account of England, 1801, Svo. The Imperial Calendar for 1808, 12mo. Topog. Diet, of the United Kingdom, 1808, Svo. Capper, James. Passage to India, 1784. Cultiva- tion of Waste Lands. 1S05. Tracts, 1809. Other works. Capper, Louisa* Abridgt. of Locke's Essay on tho Human Understanding, 1811, 4to. Capron, Klisha S., b. 1806 in N. Y., Counsellor-at- Law. Hist, of California from its discovery to 1S54. Caradoc, or Caradog, d, about 1154, a native of Llancarvan, in Wales, is said by Geofi"rey of Monmouth to have been engaged in a History of the Welsh Princes, from the death of Cadwallader to the middle of the 12th century. " This work, which there can be no doubt was written in Latin, appears to be now lost; exci-pt in a pretended Welsh version, which has again been translated into Engli.sh, and printed with a ' continuation. How far this translation is a faithful representa- ! tive of Caradoc's history, we cannot determine without the origi- nal test. Pits states that in his time there was a copy of the ori- ginal in the library of Corpus Christi College, Camhridge."— BtVif/. Brit. Lit. Of translations, we have Humphrey Lloyd's, corrected, &c. out of Records and Authors, by Daniel Powel, Lon., 1584, 4to ; augmented and improved by W. Wynne, Lon., 1697, Svo; reprinted, 1702, Svo; new edit., with a De- scription of Wales, by Sir John Price, Lon., 1774, Svo; new edit., with Topographical Notices, by Richard Llwyd, Shrewsbury, 1832, Svo. Caradoc also wrote a short Life of Gildas, which is extant. See articles Gildas and Cara- doc in Biog. Brit. Lit., and Gildas de Excidio Britannise recens, Jos. Stevenson, Ltm., 1S38, Svo. Bale also ascribes to him Commentaries on ^Icrlin, and a book, De Situ Orbis. Card, Henry. Historical and Theological works, 1801-14. Beauford, a noveU Card, Henry, D.D., 1779-1844. Theological trea- tises. 1820, '25. Card, M'ilHam. Youths' Infallible Instructor, 179S. Cardale, (ieorge. Sermon, 1755, 4to. Cardalc, Paul. Thcolog. treatises, 1740, '61. '76, Svo. Cardale, H. The Righteous Man ; 2 discourses, 1761. CardeU, John. Serms., 1647, *49, '50, 4to. Cardell, WiUiam S., d. 1S2S, of New York, pub. a griunmar and several other educational works. Carden, ,1. Con. U> Memoirs Med., 1S05. Cardew, CorneHus, D.D. Serms., 1779. *96, '99. Cardoiinel, Adam de. Numismata Scotia), Edin., 17S6, 4to. Picturesque Antiquities of Scotland, Lon., 1788, Svo and 4to. Intended as a supplement to Pen- nant's Tour in Scotland. Cardwell, Edward, D.D. Documentary Annals of the Reformed Clmrch of England, 1574-1716, Oxf., 1839, 2 vols. Svo; new edit.. 1S44. History of Confer- ences, [rol. to C. Prayer Book,] 1558-1690, Oxf., 1840, Svo; 3d edit, 1S49. Synodalia, Oxf., 1842. 2 vols. Svo. "Much curious and useful information." — Bickkiistkth. Dr. Cardwell has pub. several other valuable works, among which may be meutioned Lectures on the Coinage of the Greeks and Romans, delivered in the University of Oxford. Oxf., 1832, Svo. Care, George. Reply to " Reliciou and Liberty of C." 168.'>. Care, Henry. Polit. and Theolog. works, 1673-1719. Carel, John. 1. English Princess. 2. Sir Solomon, 1667. '71. Careles, Careless, or Carelesse, John. Cer- toyne Godley and Comfortable Letters [3] of the constant Wytness of Christe, John Careless, Lon., 1566, Svo; re- peatedly reprinted, and lately by the Lon. Tract Society: V. British Reformers, iu vol. ix. CAR CAR Careless, Franck, i.e. Richard Head, q. v. Tho Flo:Uin,i,' Island. 1073, 4to. Careless, Thomas. Serra., 1661. 4to. Carew, Abel. Against Rome and Papal Supromaey, fol. Carew, Sir Alevaiider. Speech and Confession, 1614. J to. Carew, or Carey, Lady Elizabeth. Marian, the Pair Queen of Jewry; a Tragedy. Lmi.. 1613, 4to. Lang- baiue is so lost to gallantry as to remark "For the Play itself. It is very well IVnVI. considering those times and the Lady's sex." — Account of the EnnUsh Vramalick Pvetx, 1(391. We suspect — although he does not say so — that "The Lady's Sex'' was the female sex. Oidys, in his MS. com- ments upon Langbaine, supposes " her name should be spelt Gary, and that she was the wife of Sir Henry Gary." The Tragedy is forgotten, but tho Ghorus in Act the 4th, Revenge of Injuries, embodies sentiments of Christian morality which should never be out of date. Carew, George, Earl of Totness. and Baron Carew, of Cloptun, President of Munster, 1557-1629, subdued a fonnidable rebellion in Ireland, defeated the Spaniards on their lauding at Kinsale in 1601, and obliged them to abandon their projects against Ireland. The following work pub. by his natural son, Thomas Stafford, has been ascribed to his lordship: Pacata Hibernia; Ireland ap- peased aud redveed. or an Historic of tho late Warres of L'eland. especially within the Province of Movnster, vnder the Government of George Carew, Knight, &c., (1599- 1602,) Lon., 16:i3. fol. " If any one takes the pains of lookin;; into the preface, and into p. yii7, and other parts of Pacata liiljernia. he will be con- Tiuced that Carew was not the author of it; but it was probably compiled by his directions, to which he furnished the materials." Waltkii Harris: Ware's Jrelutid. iii. '629. " This [Treat and learned nobleman wrote other boolcs relating to thi' affairs of Ireland; forty-two volumes whereof are in the Archlii.-^liop of Canterbury's library at Lambeth; and four volumes more of collections from the originals, in the Cotton Library." — Bishop Xicolsos: Irish Hist. Library. Sir George translated from the French version, Maurice Regan's Fragment of the History of Ireland. See Harris's Hlbernica, 1770. He also rendered into English The Story of King Richard the Second, and Harris infers that he drew up The Genealogy of the Fitzgeralds. ''lie also made several collections, notes, and extracts for the writing of the History of the. liejgn of K. Hen. V., which were re- mitted into the History of Great Britain, dx., published by Job. Speed." — Alhe.n. Oxrm. " He was a great patron of learning and lover of antiquities." — Horace Walpole. '' His History of the "Wars of Ireland, in which he was himself a principal agent, is written with the unaffected openness aud sin- cerity of a soldier." — CJraxoer. Camden speaks of Carew with high respect, " On account of his great love for antiriuities. and for the liirht he gave him into some of the affaiis of Ireland." Yah Britannia, and Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors. Carew, Sir George, second son of Thomas Carew, Esq.. was ambassador to the Court of France, and ou his return home, in 1609, drew up and adilressed to James I., A Relation of the State of France ; with the Characters of Henry IV.. and the Principal Persons of that Court. The Earl of Hardwicke placed the MS. into the hands of Dr. Birch, who pub. it with his Historical View of the Nego- tiations between the Courts of England, France, and Brus- sels, 1592-1617, Lon., 1749, Svo. Gray, the poet, com- mends it as an excellent performance. See Mason's Memoirs. '• It is a model upon which Embassadors may form and digest their notions and representations."' — Dr. BiRcn. Carew, Geo., Administrator of Sir AVilliam Courten, pub. some pieces relative to his estate, and some political treatises, 1659-62. Carew, Richard, 1555-1620. brother of Sir George, ' the ambassador, pub. some translations from the Italian, and wrote a True and Ready Way to learn the Latin Tongue, but is best known by his excellent Survey of Cornwall, Lon., 1602, 4to ; again, in 1723 and 1769;" but the best edition is that of Francis, Lord De Dunstanville, with additions, Lon., 1811, 4to. ''The survey of this county is so exactly taken by R. Carew, Esquire, that there will be only occasion for posterity carefully to continue a work so excellently begun; and to which Mr. Camden acknowledges himself indebted for the chief light he had in these ; parts."— Bisaop N'icolsox: Eng. Hist. Librnry. '* Although more Histories of Cornwall have been written than of any other county, they are all wretched productions: and the Survey of Cartw remains beyond all comparison the most accmate and satisfactory." — Lowndes. Carew, Richard* Excellent Helps by a Warming 22 Stone, Lon., 1652, 4to. Tho Warming Stone first found out, &e., Lon., 8vo. Carew, Thomas, b. about 15S9, d. 16.39, gentleman of the Privy Chamber, and Sewer in Ordinary to Charles I., studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. His life was that of an accomplished courtier, dividing his time between attendance on his royal master, amusement, and the composition of many beautiful little poems, which are sometimes highly censurable as partaking of the licentious tone which disgraces so many of the writers of his period. For this fault the author was sincerely penitent. Many of his pieces were set to music by H. and W. Lawes, and other composers aud published in his lifetime. Othera appeared after his death in a 12mo vol., 164U; again in 1642, '51, "70, '72; with notes by Thomas Davies, 1772, 12mo ; a later edit. pub. at Edin., and a Selection by John Fry of Bristol. " A very insij^nificant performance." Carew's Coclum Britannicum, a Masque, was erroneously ascribed to Sir William Davenant, and is in his works, 1673, fol. Garew was a great favourite both with his poet- ical brethren and the fashionable circles of the day. "Carew's sonnets were more in request than any puefs of his time, that is. between 1630 and 1040. They were many of them set to music by the two famous composers. Henry and William Lawes, and other eminent masters, aud sung at court in their masques." — Oldys's M^. notes on Langhatne. Carew was one of the models upon which Pope formed his style. The preceptor polished his lines with elaborate care, for which he was gently rebuked by his friend, Sir John Suckling : " Tom Carew was next, but he had a fault That would not well stand with a laureat: His muse was hide-bound, and the issue of 's brain Was seldom brought forth but with trouble aud pain." l^ssions of I'oet-s, in Frogmenta aurea, or jioems, Lon„ 1C48, 8to. " But this is not to be taken for the real Jud,Lz:ment of that Ex- cellent Poet; and he was too good a Judge of Wit to be ij;;noi-ant of Mr. Carew's Worth, and his Talent in Poetry, and had he pleased, he could have said as much in his commendation as S'ir William d'Avenant in those Stanzas writ to him.'' — Langbaine's Draviatick Fodry. " Thomas Carew, one of the favoured poets of his time for the charming sweetness of his lyric odes and amorous sonnets. . . . was untimely suatched away by death, in the prime of his years, to the great reluctancy of many of his poetical acquaintances." — Athen. Oxou. " He was reckoned among the chiefest of his time for delicacy of wit and poetic fancy ; by the strength of which his extant poems still maintain their feme amidst the curious of the present age." — Phillips. "He was a person of a pleasant and facetious wit, and made many poems, (especially in the amorous way.) which for the sharp- ness of the fancy, and the elegance of the language in which that fancy was spread, were at least equal, if not superior, to any of that time. But his glory was. th.at after fifty years of his life spent with less severity or exactness than it ought to have been, he died with great remor.se fur that license, and with the greatest mani- festation of Christianity that his best friends could desire." — Eabl OF Clarendon. " Elaborate and accurate." — LloyrVs Worthies. ''An elegant and almost forgotten writer, whose poems deserve to be revived.'' — Bishop Percy. " Carew has the ease without the pedantry of Waller, and per- haps less conceit. lie reminds us of the best manner of Lord Lyttelton. Waller is too exclusively considered as the first man who brought versification to any thing like its present standard. Carew's pretensions to the same merit are seldom sufficiently either considered or allowed." — Headley's Sdect Eeaidies of Ancient English Poetry., Lon., 1787, 2 vols. Svo. " His lines are often very harmonious, but not so artfully con- structed or so uniformly pleasing as those of Waller. He is re- markably nnefjual ; the best of his little poems (none of more than thirty lines are good) excel all of his time; but after a few lines of great beauty, we often come to some ill-expressed, or obscure, or weak, or inharmonious passage. Few will hesitate to acknow- ledge that he has more fancy and more tenderness than Waller, but less choice, less judgment and knowledge where to stop, less of the equality which never offends, less attention to the unity and thread of his little pieces." — Hallam: Jntrodtic. to Lit. Hist. "The want nl I'mMh-'ss and expansion in Carew's thoughts and subjects exiludrs liini from rivalship with great poetical names; nor is it difficult, even within the narrow pale of his works, to dis cover some faults of affectation, and of still more objectionable in- delicacy. But among the poets who have walked in the same limited path, he is pre-eminently beautiful, and deservedly ranks among the earliest of those who gave a cultivated grace to our lyrical strains." — CampbeWs English Poets. Carew, Thomas* The Rights of Elections, Lon., 1755. fol. Carey, Alice, b. 1820, near Cincinnati, Ohio, contri- buted for several years to Western periodicals before the publication of the first collection of her poems, which ap- peared in Phila. (1849) in a volume entitled Poems, by Alice and Phebe Carey. She has since pub. Clovernook, or Recollections of Our Neighbourhood in the West, 1851 ; Hagar, a Story of To-Day; Lyra, and other Poems, 1852,* Clovernook, 2d series, and Clovernook Children, 1854: 337 CAR CAR Poems, Including the Tla^callan Maiden, a Romance of the 1 Golden Age of Tezcuco J Married, not Mated, a Novel; and Holy wood, a Novel, (1855.) I " The poems of Alice Carey evince no ordinary power of iniagina- i tion." — ^T'Ttli Am. RevUw. \ " No American woman has evinced in prose or poetry any thing , like the genius of Alice Carey." — Wt.'^tminster Keview. i "She appears to combine the fine qualities of Mrs. Elizalieth , Barrett Browning with the best graces of pastoral poetry." — Jour- nal des Dibais. Paris. i '■We do not hesitate to predict for these sketches [Clovernook] a wide popularity. They bear the true stamp of genius — simple, I natural, truthful — and evince a keen sense of the humour and | pathos, of the comedy and tragedy of life in the country. No one i who has ever read it can forget the sad and beautiful story of Mary I Wildermings; its weird fancy, tenderness, and beauty; its touch- | ing description of the emotions of a sick and suffering human spi- J rit, and its exquisite rural pictures."' — J. G. Whittier. j '' It is impossible to deny that she has original and extraor- ! dinary poweis, or that the elements of genius are poured forth in ' her verses with an astonishing richness and prodigality." — E. P. \ Whipple. " Alice Carey evinces in many poems a genuine imagination and a creative energy that challenges peculiar praise. Vie have per- haps no other author, so young, in which the poetical faculty is so largely develnped." — R. W. Griswuld. See, also, Mrs. Hale's Wo- I man's Record. " Her characters are remarkable, considering their variety, for ' fidelity to nature, and her sentiments are marked by womanly I delicacy, humanity, and reverence for religion; while over all is , the charm of a powerful imagination, with fi'e:phere, or Map of the prin- cipal Stars in the Northern Hemisphere, Edin., ISl-i; on a Sheet. Carey, George Saville, d. 1807, aged 64, son of Henry Carey, the musical composer and poet, travelled from town to town through England for furty years, giving " lectures," or rather singing songs of his own composition. If their poetical merit was not of the first order, it is yet to be recorded to his credit, that, following his father's example, he was careful to exclude every thing of an im- moral tendency from his entertainments. The Inoculator, C, 1766. Svo. The Cottagers, 0., 1766, Svo. Liberty Chastised, T. C, 1768, Svo. Shakspeare's Jubilee, M., 17()'.t. Svo. The Old Women Weatherwise. Int., 1770, Svo. The Magic Girdle, Burl.. 1770, -Ito. The Nut-Brown Maid, CO., 1770, 12mo. Noble Pedlar, Burl.. 1770, 4to. Ana- lects, 1771, 2 vols. 12mo. Mimickry, 1776, ]2mo. Rural Ramble. 1777, Svo. Poetical Efforts. 1787, 12mo. Dupes of Fancy, F., 1792, Svo. Balnea, 1799, Svo. Eighteen Hundred, being a Collection of Songs, Tewkesbury, ISOO. '■ His talents and musical taste were such as uii'jht have raised him to eminence, had he cultivated them with diligence, or had he not been obliged to provide for the day that was passing over him. . . . He wrote a great variety of songs, in which, like his father, he never once trespassed on decency or good manners." — Bioff. Dramat. Carey, or Cary, Henry, Earl of Monmouth, 1596- 1661, eldest son of Robert, first Earl of Monmouth, was admitted a Fellow Commoner of Exeter College, Oxford, at the age of 15, and took the degree of B,A. in 1613. He was made a Knight of the Bath in 1616. In 1623 he was known by the name of Lord Lepington, his father's title before he was created Earl of Monmouth. In 1639 he be- came Earl of Monmouth. '■ Being then noted fur a person well skill'd in the modern lan- guages, a^id a general scholar; the fruit whereof he found in the troublesome times of rebellion, when by a tbrced retiredness. he was capacitated to exercise himself in studies, while others of the nobility were fain to truckle to their inferiors for comp.any's sake."' •~Atkn:_'ht, hiu'h intel- ligence, and, moreover, of material utility." — Lim. Miming Adver. This work also excited great attention abroad, and has recently been published in Swedish at Stockholm. For se- veral years Mr. C. contributed all the leading articles, and many of those less important, to The Plough, the Loom, and the Anvil. A number of the.^e papers have been col- lected in a volume entitled The Harmony of Interests, Agri- cultural, Manufacturing, and Commercial, and others of them in a pamphlet called The Prospect; Agricultural, Manufacturing, Commercial, and Financial, at the opening of 1851. Blackwood's Magazine remarks of The Harmony of In- terests, Ac: "Mr. Carey, the well-known statisti-'al writer nf America, has supplied us with ample materials tor conducting such an imiuiry; and we can safely recommend his remarkable work to all who wish to iovestiirate the causes of the progress or decline of industrial communities.'' In 1853 appeared The Slave-Trade ; Domestic and Fo- reign; why it exists; and how it may be extinguished. "It is an invaluable addition to the literature of the country and of the world." — IVcw York Tribune. " Mr. Carey has clearly substantiated his claim to be the leading writer now devoted to the study of political economy. In his pregnant discussions he has not only elevated the scientitic posi- tion of his country, but nobly subserved the cause of humanity." — A'w York Qu'irtf.rlif. Mr. Carey has also pub. {in 1840) Answers to the Ques- tions, What Constitutes Currency? What are the Causes of its Unsteadiness ? And What is the Kemedy ? And Let^ ters on International Copyright, (1853.) In 1S58 he gave to the world vols. i. and ii. of an important work, to be comprised iu 3 vols. Svo, entitled Principles of Social Science ; also Letters to the President of the U.i^.f Svo. We subjoin an examination of Mr. Carey's merits as a teacher of political economy, prepared for us by one of the most eminent of American professors of this important science: "Mr. Carey, not only in his own country, but throughout Eu- rope, where his writings have been extensively studied, both in their original language and in translations, is the acknowledged founder and head of a new school of Political Economy. We can only indicate the fundamental difference between his system and that in undisputed supremacy when be began his contributions to social science. This however will suffice to show how eminently hopeful, progressive, and democratic, are the doctrines which he proclaimed, and with what fulness of significance those who have accepted them are styled the American school. " Adam Smith's publication of the Wealth of Nations was con- temporaneous with the opening of the American Revolution. That work explained the manner in which the course of nature tends to the concurrent and harmonious progress in well-being of all classes of society, and how, whenever the feet is wanting — wher- ever a community is stationary, or some classes fkll back in the scale of comfort, while others advance — it is an anomaly which may be traced to human interference. If all the industrial orders, labourers, capitalists, and land-owners, fail to march forward with the procession of time towards a bett^^r and steadily improving con- dition, Adam Smith found the cause in misgoverument by earthly rulers, not iu any defect of providential arrangements. There had been little more than time fur the scholars of the continent to make themselves acquainted with Smith's system, when the convulsion of the French Kevolution began. The toiling millions hadjuuiped with a sure instioct that needed no bookish instruction to the con- clusion that their industry ought, in the natural course of things, to have secured the enjoyment of the fruits that every day eluded their grasp, to fall into the hands of the idle and protiigate: — that the products of labour were abundant for the material comfort of all, and that the false and partial distribution by which they were defrauded of their fair share, was due to the wickedness or incom- petence of their rulers. They were prompt to seek the remedy in governmental reforms, Adam Smith had prepared the literary class for sympathizing with their convictions and their aspirations. Godwin's Political Justice was, in conservative England, among the boldest and sharpest protests against the defects and failures of the existing social organization, uttered with a calmness, sobrie- ty, and force of reasoning, that were not to be met by deuouncing it as Democratic and Kevolutionary, which sufficed for a reply to more intemperate writers. Mr. Malthus, a clergyman of the Esta^ blished Church, while studying to refute it, was impressed with the substantial justice of the plea for reform, upon the received data for argument, and became satisfied that the evils of which the re- publicans complained admitted of no detence which should come short of demonstrating the neassHy of then- existence, or throw the responsibility for it upon the sutferers. " It was as an answer to Godwin's book that Malthus composed his celebrated Essixy on Population, the theory of which was at (>nce accepted and remains to this day as the strongest apology of which despotism is capable. The ruling classes were not only excidpated, but thL-y were taught to 'harden their hearts against the people* by a theory which ascribed the miseries of the governed to the regular operation of a fixed law of human and physical nature, which even that charity which endeavoured to alleviate iudi\idual suffering, could only aggravate. JIalthus assigned, as the effective cause of poverty and wretchedness in the masses, a supposed law of population, according to which it has a constant tendency to outrun the growth of capital — the number of mouths to be fed to exceed the food that should till them. The human race, according to this theory, has implanted in it such instincts and powers that under their free action it would increase in geometrical ratio, dou- bling every twentv-five years. The means of subsistence, on the other hand, are, as he believed, limited to an increase in arithmeti- cal ratio. There must consequently, in the natural order of provi- dence, be a constantly increasing disparity between the amount of property in a community — especially that of the first necessity like food — and the number of persons to divide, with a steady and ceasfr less approximation towards famine. If. in point of fact, the press- ure of population upon subsistence had been seen not to grow at the territic rate which the law would demand, it was due to almost perpetual wars waged at the instigation of kings and nobles — to fre- quent famines, resulting often from the devastations of war — to pes- tilence, brooding in the foul cabins of the poor, and fastening upon them because they were poor, ill-fed, ill-clothed, and ill-sheltered. Some little — if the poor had only been wiser, and piously submis- sive to the decrees of Heaven — should have been owing to that 'moral restraint' which it was the object of Mr. Malthus to incul- cate — to abstinence from matrimony, or, if the imprudence of matri- mony were committed, to defeating its purpose — the propagation of offspring. Alas, how little credit could the poor claim on this score! Scandalously prolific had they been ever and evei-ywhere, and the weak charity of their betters had, by administering relief to the destitute, and thus interposing between their folly in begetting children, and its heaven-ordained penalty, diverted their attention from what Mr. Mill tells us is the only remedy, 'the grand practi- cal problem — to find the means of limiting the number of births.' " As man is a producer of food, as well as a consumer, the organic law of Malthusianism required some supplementary dogma which should explain why it is that the race cannot make its labour pro- ductive in the ratio of its numbers. This was soon supplied in the theory of Rent, which goes by the name of Kicardo. and is based upon the allegation that settlement .and culture always be- gin upon the most fertile and best-situated lands, and as they are occupied by the growth of population, men necessarily recede to soils of progressively deteriorating quality, and possessing less advantages of situation. Kach generation of cultivators expend- ing their energies upon soils yielding returns inferior in propor- tion to their numbers to those tilled by their predecessors, each increment to the population would harvest a less and less incre- ment of food, and with every year a larger proportion of the entire available labour of the community would be required for supply- ir»T its primary necessity. This, if true — and it passed without question until refuted by Mr. Carey— was a satisfactory and cor- roborative explanation of the laws of population. It proved that a steady declension towards misery and starvation would be the inevitable lot of the masses, even upon the supposition that all the means of subsistence were fairly and equally partitioned. But the theory did more. It taught that as soon as the necessities of society drove men to the cultivation of land of the second quality, the owners of that of the first grade acquired the power ti> charge for its use a rent equivalent to the difference in the crops of the two. When land of the third quality became necessary to supply the increasing mouths, the second yielded a rent, and the rent of the first was also advanced by an amount equal to the difference between the second and third. Consequently the smaller the sup- plv of food became, the larger the proportion of it absorbed by the landlords, and the less that of the labourers. This established the necessary growth of a landed aristocracy, whose wealth and : power wax, as those of the people wane. Nor was this all. It CAR taught that the price of all raw productions was necessarily fixed by that of the portion raised with the greatest difficulty and ex- pense, that is, on the worst soils under cultivation which pay no rent. Kent therefore did not enter into price; but pi ice it was held was divided between wages and profits, profits being the highest when wages are least. The interests of the labourer and the capitalist are thus held to be directly antagonistic, they having to struggle with each other about the division of a continually de- creasing share left by the landlord for the two. CAR afce and other costly amelioration. By geopraphical comparison of contempoianeous commuuities, he shows that the lowest in the se-Je of population and wealth are tbose in which the inlt-nor soils are alone cultivated, and the better lie waste; and that the degree to which they have subdued the better lands accurately marks their progress. In a prolonged discussion in which Economists of all parts of Europe have taken part, he has repeatedly— and in vain— challenged the maintainers of the Uicardian hypothesis to name a single spot where men have not commenced on the poor ising share lelt bv the landlord lor the two. i .^..^..^ « =■..»,.„ "^jj ,; ivT: h.r,„, „i,i, i,„.rr,sino numbers and If ^his system be true, the stratification of society after the , - >;- -^P^rir'^tlVa': n ' eVd ^\o "hTn™?^^^ aristocratic models is as certain and inevitable as any fact in Geo- logy, and all dreams of the eqnality and brotherhood of man, or of any permanent and practical amelioration of the condition of the uiany as vain, as wuuM be projects for altering the location of the eternal rorks. and making' the cranite of the globe overlay the limestone. Well was it termed the ' Dismal science.' that thus taught ' the very philosophy of despair, resting upon an arithmetic of ruin.' Itisuot singular that essentially retrograde and anti-democratic as it was in its origin and its spirit, it should liave been welcomed in Europe at a time when conservatism was shaken with strange fears of change, and perplexed for a plausible answer to the demands of political juslice; but it is strange that it should have been accepted in this countrv. and be inculcated expressly, or by necessary im- plication, by those who claim to be pre-eminently democratic. -Such was the revolting aspect of Political Kconomy, when, in 183i5, Mr. Carey published his Essay on the Rate of Wages, the main step out of the gliwm of the Ricardian system gained by this first essay was its proof that profits and wages do not vary inversely, but that high wages are an infallible evidence of pros- perity, and of the rapid increase of capital: thus establishing har- mony, instead of antagonism, between the interests of labourers and of capitalists. We do not dwell on the importance of this position, because Mr. Carey in his progress soon brought the par- ticular truth under a more general law, as is ordinarily the case when an empiiical system begins to grow into science. In 1837 he published the first Part of his Principles of Political Economy, followed lietween that period and 184U by the three remaining Parts. A new and very simple, but, as an Italian Economist has justlv styled it. a very sagacious, expression of the measure or limit of Value, as consisting not in the labour expended in the pro- duction of any thing, but in the labour required to reprfiduce it, at the time of estimation, marks the opening of this work. It proceeds to establish these necessary consetiuences: — That the value of existing capital is constantly falling with the advant,iges of as- sociation, and the acquisition of improved machinery which attend the growth of population ; for these reduce the labour of repro- ducing the various commodities of which capital is made up. and facilitate the construction of new machinery, by which still further economy may be effected. That labour is therefore steadily grow- ing in its power to command capital, and, e conversn, the power of capital over labour as steadily diminishing. That labour and capi- tal in their combiued action are continually producing a larger re- turn for the same outlay, of which larger return an inrrmKinft prn- portiim, and of course an increased absolute qnantit\, gMt-s tn the labourer, while the share of the capitalist dimiiiislns in its pri>- pnrtion. but is taken from a return so large as to yield him for that smaller proportion, a. (lu^niity increased in its absolute amount. Nii tiuth no luminous as that contained in this grand law of Dis- tribution had ever before lighted up the p.ath of inquiry into Social Science. It gave the clew by which History is made intellitrible and consistent, for it alone explains the possiliility of that physi- cal, social, and political progress through w hich aU classes advance in their dominion over the powers and the stores of nature, with a constant approximation towards equality in their relations to each other, in other words towards Democracy. "The doctrines of Kicardo were not merely negatived, but re- versed, when in the same work it was shown that land owes all its Talue to labour, and so far from exchanging for an amount of la- hour equal to that expended in bringing it to its existin-^^ condi- tion, never commands more than the quantity requisite to bring new land to an equally productive condition; — a quantity much inferior, because every improvement enables men to expend their labour more advantageously than their predecessoi-s. and thus to reproduci' land, that is to say, all those ameliorations and advan- tages of market which give value to land, at a cheaper rate. That rent only represents the interest on the cost of reproduction, and therefore the profits of I;inded investment obey the same laws which govern capital in other forms; the landlmd nlilaining a decreasing proportion, though an increasing ijiniiiiiv. IVum the crops of his domain. Jlr. Carey arrived at this l■^>nl■ln^itnl. though he then believed with liicardo in the 'decreasing feilility of the soil.' by finding a sufficient compensation in the enhanced power of labour through the aid of capital (other than raw i»roduce) growing at a rate sufficiently more rapid than that of population to countervail the disadvantages of its being forced to the cultivation of the in- ferior lands. He has brought a large portion of the European economists, as recent discussions prove, up to this stage of his pro- gress — a point where they must renounce Malthusianism entirely, and the errors of Kicardo in great part. But the incongruity re- mains that "the decreasing fertility of the soil" is an ever-growing impediment to that accumulation of capital, by which at any given point its decreased productiveness and enhanced demand for the application of labour may be overcome, and this stumbling-block remained until 1848. *'In that ye.arMr. Carey published The P.ist, Present, and Fu- ture, in which he attacked the central fiilsehood of Ricardo's sys- tem, and demonstrated that the fact is the very reverse of his hypothesis. By an elaborate historical investigation, he shows conclusively that in all countries in an advanced stace of civiliza- tion, men, instead of beginning settlement and cultivation upon the best soils, have begun upon the poorest, the licht, sandy soils of the uplands, which are easily tilled by the rudest and least effi- cient tools, and that with the improvement of machinery, and the increased powers of association attending the growth of popnl.v tion. they have proceeded regularly to the heavy bottom-lands covered with dense timber, and requiiing great outlays for drain- 310 wealth: or' where they have not receded to the poorer with the in- roads of poverty and depopulation. The acquisition of this truth gave harmony and completeness to the system. It accounted lor an accelerated rate in the accumulation of capital, by showing how a decreasing proportion of a growing community is able to supply the whole with food and material, and an increasing proportion is left free to devote its labour to the conversion of that material; while it taught the philosophy of concentration as the means of facilitating exchange, and the diversification of industry. It ex- plained the prevalence of war, and of military institutions in the earlier ages of society, by showing how and why it is that sparse communities, finding themselves stinted in food, and imtigunng themselves pinched in space, covet the territories of their neigh- bours, and waste their energies in alternate aggression and deleuce against the reprisal provoked by it,— how a military aristocracy (and all aristocracies have been military in their origin) is possible when wages are low. and the landlord taking two-thirds ot the product of his fields in the shape of rent, is able to support a re- tinue of men-at-arms equal in number to the cultivators, and be- comes impossible as his proportion decreases, and that of the culti- vators increases— how the latter successively emerge from the condition of slaves, serfs, feudal vassals, to equality of political rights, and Republican self-government. We have said enough to indicate how naturally the system of Mr. Carey, shining over and beyond the narrow field of material wealth— to which the old school of Economists, not less from necessity, than from inclina- tion, limits itself— lights up the whole realm of political interests, and all the social relations of man. Slavery and the Slave Trade published by Mr. Carey in 1850, is no more than an application tn ej-teiiso to the elucidation of the particulartopic of principles clearly established and developed in the preceding works. The circum- stances and the policy which increase or diminish the power of men to control their own labour and its fruits, are treated with the same dispassionate logic as a physiiian would employ in treat- ing of the cause and cure of malarious fevers, and equally irre- spective of the colour or localitv of the patients. In fact, it is the characteristic of Mr. Carey's system. th;.t having based it upon physical facts, and thus brought it into affiliation with the positive sciences, he pursues the same methods of investigation which have conducted to precision and cert.-iinty in physical discovery ; and thus arrives at those ' great constitutive laws in which dwell do- minion and the power of prophecy.' ■'Our limits have confined us to the elucidation of the radical distinction between the American and European systems, at the expense of omitting any reference to the diversities of their out- growth in the minor developments and collateral consequences. The reader must explore them for himself and we trust will ere long have new aid in the inquiry. It is the distinction of genuine science that every step opens the way for further progress, and that it tends to constant simplification, by bringing a wider range of facts under general laws, diminishing in number as they en- large in scope. We have reason to expect from Mr. Carey the pul> lication of his maturest views in the order of their logical genesis. This is usuallv the reverse of the order of discovery, and admits of much greater condensation, for man's path to the central and mother truth is through a converging spiral. As he has advanced from circle to circle, he has announced his progress in treatises, if not essentially polemic and critical, yet necessarily swelled by a mass of evidence and illustration which may now be dismissed. To prove empiiically that the planets revolve in ellipses, requiies innumerable observations of their actual position and volumes of figures, but the demonstration becomes brief and easy as soon as the focus and the law of attraction have been ascertained. ■'Mr. Carey has been an industrious anonymous writer in Ma- gazines and' Journals, in defence of the protective policy which his theory for the first time made logically tenable, and reconciled with the philosophy of Adam Smith, which those who quote with- out reading, or read but in scraps, assume it to condemn. The Ilai^ niony of Interests— Agricultural. Manufacturing, and Commer- cial, is devoted expressly to this topic." Carey, John, LL.D., d. 1829, a native of Ireland, was well known as the editor of more than 50 volumes of tlio Regent's Classics, of Ainsworth's Ltitin DictioDary, &c., and author and translator of several useful works. AVo notice the following valuable work; Schleusuer's Kew Testament Lexicon, compressed into the Form of a Ma- nual. Lon., 1826, 8vo. '• The main principle of this volume is, that it contains all Schleusuer's lexicographical interpretations, together with his Scripture references, and thiswithout .Tbridgment; while nothing is sacrificed but what, in a majority of instances, may be advan- taseously dispensed with. . . . Dr. Carey's name is a guamntea for correct impression.'" — Lo7i. Echciic Heview, N. S. xxvL 180. Carev, John. See Cart. Carey, ftlathew, 1760-1839, an eminent philan- thropist, was a native of Dublin. His father, a man of great intelligence, bestowed upon him nnd his five brothers a libernl education, and they all subsequently became dis- tingui.shed for their learning or literary taste. At tho early age of 17, Mathcw pub. an Essay on Duelling, which was'foUowed in 1779 by A Letter to the Catholics of Ire- land, which caused much excitement; and compelled his CAR CAR temporary exile to France, where he mnde the aequnintance of Dr. Franklin, with whom, and with the Marquis de Lafayette, Mr. Carey was on terms of frienHsIiip. Pietnrn- in^ to Ireland, he estahlished the Volunteer's Journal, which speedily took its place as the leading opposition paper of the day, but pert;ecution fmm the *;overnment led to his arrest and imprisonment, and finally forced him in 17S;> to quit his country. Arrived in Philadelphia, where he continued to rej^ide until his death in 1839. he commenced his career in 17S5 as editor and proprietor of the Penn.=ylvania Herald, and this was followed by the American Museum, a monthly journal of which he was also editor. This periodical extended to L'i volumes, 17S7-92, and forms a valuable record of the facts of that period. Mr. Carey was author of numerous pamphlets on various subjects of public interest, and of several books which had much su^-cess. Of the^^e the earliest published in America was a History of the Yl-Uow Fever of 1793, of which four editions were published. In I^IO, 'IT, he pub. Letters and Reflections upon the United States Bank. In 1814: appeared The Olive Branch, or Faults on lioth Sides, Federal and Democratic, an appeal to the good sense of the political parties of the day to lay aside their differences during the pendency of the then existing war with Great Britain: this paper speedily passed through ten editions, comprising 10,000 copies. " No publication has appeared since the formation of the Ame- rican Government which contains such copious and authentic in- formation of the state of the country." In 181S appeared his ViiKlicnT Ilihprmcfv : an examina- tion and refutation of the charges against his countrymen, in relation to the alleged butcheries of Protestants in the insurrection of 1640: this work passed through several editions. In 1820 he gave to the world The New Olive Branch, and in 1822 Essays on Political Economy, both advocating the policy of protection to domestic manufac- tures. It is worthy of remark that it is in this particular department — the science of Political Economy — that one of Mr. Carey's sons (see article IIknuv C. Carey) has be- come so conspicuous a labourer. Mathew Carey also pub. a volume of Miscellaneous Essays. As the mo^t eminent publisher in the United States, he contributed largely to the dissemination of sound intelligence amidst a popula- tion too much occupied with the material cares of life to be properly attentive to intellectual culture. Our limited space prevents more than a passing notice of Mr. Carey's zealous efforts on behalf of the helpless and afflicted — of his persevering labours in the promotion of public improve- ments and private happiness. We could say nothing so much to the purpose as is contained in the following ex- tract from a letter to the late Joseph Reed, Esq., of Phi- ladelphia, (son of President Reed,) from the late John Sergeant, Esq., long one of the most eminent statesmen of the United States : " Mr. Cai-ey— a man to whom we are all a preat deal more in- debted than we are aware of. and who is entitled to respect and regard for the generosity of his nature, the extent and variety of his knowledge, and his devoted and disinterested exertions in the public service. lie has jxiven more time, money, and labour to the public than any man I am acquainted with. and. in truth, hnn founded in Philadelphia a school of public spirit. This is bare justice to an excellent citizen, to whom also I am free to acknow- led'^^'e my own particular obligations for his uniform friendship." — llcxlcn, April 19, 1S27. The citizens of the United States will ever owe to Mr. Carey's memory a debt of gratitude for his invaluable labours as a citizen, a politician, and a philanthropist. Carey, Patrick. Trivial Poems and Triolets; edited by Walti-r Scott, Edin., 1820, 4to, from the original MS. " These poems were previously printed, of which i^ir Walter Scott was not aware." — Lowxpes. Carey, Phoebe, sister of Alice Carey, b. 1825, has pub., in addition to Poems by Alice and Phoebe Carey, Poems and Parodies, 1854. See Carey, Alice. '■ A Vein of tender and jiraceful religious sentiment pervades her more serious compositions, and her Parodies comprise some of thi? cleverest humorous verse produced in this country." — R. W. Gri-jwolh. Carey, or Cary, Robert, first Earl of Monmouth, b. 1559 or 1560, d. IfirtO, a near relation of Queen Eliza- beth, and father of Henry Carey, second Earl of Monmouth, left MS. memoirs of his own life, which were lent by Lady Elizabeth Spelman to John, Earl of Cork ant> Orrery, (9. r.) who transcribed them with his own hand, and pub. them in 1759. 8vo. They contain some curious particulars oftbesecrethistory of the Elizabethan period. Horace Wal- pole, who recommended their publication, is complimented by the Earl of Cork as exhibiting (in his Royal and Noble Authors) '• So spirited a manner of writing, that he has given wit even to a Dictionary, and vivacity to a catalogue of names." Carey, Walter. See Carye. '* Carey, William. Stranger's Guide through Lon- don, ISd's, iSiii,.. Carey, William, D.D. Sermon, 1809, 4to. Carey, William, D.D., 1701-1834, missionary to Bengal, and Professor of Oriental Languages in the Col- lege of Fort William. He pub. a number of phihdogical works in Bengalee, Bhotanta. ttc, and assisted in the pre- paration of many more issued from the Serampore presa. He was the principal founder of the Serampore mission. 1. Sanscrit Grammar, 4to, pp. 1000. 2. Bengalee-and- English Dictionary, 1815-25, 3 vuls. 4to. 3. Abridgment of do. by Dr. Marshman, under the supervision of Dr. Carey, 1827, 8vo. See Memoir by Rev. Eustace Carey, Lon., 1836; Remarks on the Character and Labours of Dr. Carey, by H. H, Wilson ; Life by Dr. Jos. Belcher, Phila., 1856, ']2mo. Carey, William Paulett, 1768-1839, a native of Ireland, brother of John and Mathew Carey, (ante,) took part in the struggle of 1798, and, subsequently removing to England, distinguished himself as an eloquent advocate of art, artists, and political reform, and as the author of many critical and poetical contributions to the periodicals of the day. Among those on whose behalf his pen was early enlisted may be mentioned Chantrey, Hogan, Gib- son, and James Montgomery. Carie, Walter. See Carye. Carier, BeiiJ., D.D. A Missive to K.James, Paris, 1649, 8vo ; his "motives for conversion to the Catholic Religion," &.v. Carion, John. The Thre Bokes of Cronicles, which John Carion (a man singularly well seen in the Mathema- tycal Sciences) gathered, with great diligence, of the best authors that have written in Hebrew, (Jreek, and Latine, &c. With this was printed (written by John Funche, a Lutheran divine of Nureraburg) An Appendix to the Thre Bokes of Cronicles; gathered by John Carion; conteyn- ing all such notable thynges as be mentyoned in the Cro- nicles, to have chaunced in sundry partes of the worlde, from the yeare of Christ, 15.^2, to thys present yeare of 1550. Both pub. in one 4to vol., in 1550, by W. Lynne. See Watt's Bild. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. Carkeet, Samuel. GospelAVorthies: Senn., 1719, 8vo. Carkes!?e, Chas, Tonnage and Poundage, 1782, fol. Carkesise, James. Lucida Intcrvalla, Lon., 1679, 4to. Carlell, Lodowicke. Deserving Favourite; T. C, 1629, 4to. Passionate Lovers; T. C, 1665, 4to. Other plays. Carleton. Darkness of Atheism dispelled by the Light of Nature, 1652, 4to. Written by Walter Chaiileton, M.D.. tf. V. Carleton, Captain. Hyde Marston, or a Sports- man's Lite, Lon., 1S44. ."^ vols. p. 8vo. "A lar^'c proportion cf the scenes are artual transcripts from the reality, and it is eiiually certain that. ni:iny of the characters are drawn from originals." — Lon. New Mmitfili/ Mjg. Recreations in Shooting, with some Account of the Game of the British Islands, 1846, p. 8vo. Carleton, Sir Dudley, Lord Dorchester, 1573- 1631, an eminent statesman, was educated at Westmin- ster, and at Christ Church, Oxford. Letters from and to him during his Embassy in Holland, edited and pub. by the Earl of Hardwicke, Lon., 1757. 4to ; with additions to the Hist. Preface, 1775, 4to; 1780. His lordship was the author of some piditical tracts, and some of his speeches will be found in Rushworth's Collection. •■ Kiuf; Charles used to say that he had two Secretaries of State, the Lords Dorchester and Falkland; one nf whom was a dull nma in comparison with the other, and yet pleased him the best; for he always brought him his own thoughts in his own words; the latter [Falkland] cloathed them in so tine a dre«s. that he did not always know them aijain." — Sh- P. Warwick's Mfvioirs, Carleton, George, D.D., d. 1628, born at Norham, Northumberland, sent by Bernard Gilpin to Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1576; Bishop of Llandaff, 1618; translated to Chicliester, 1619. Heroici Characteres carmine, Oxon., 1603, 4to. Tithes, Lon., 1606, 4to. On Jurisdiction. Re- gal, Episcopal, and Papal, Lon., 1610, 4to. Concensus EcclesijL' Catholicas Ac, Francf., 16l;i, 8vo. A Thankful Remembrance of God's Mercy in the Deliverances of his Church CejH^. Eliz. and James I., Lon., 1614, 4to. Trea- tises against Judicial Astrology, Lon., 1624. Thirteeu Sermons, 17;^6, 8vo. Other works. •MVhom I have loved in regard of his sinjtular knowledge in divinity, which he professeth; and in other more delightful litera- ture, and am loved again of him.'* — Camiien. '■ His good affections appear in his treatise, entitnled A Thank* ful remembrance of God's mercy : solid judgment, in his Confu. tation of Judicial Astrology; and clear invention, in other juve* 341 CAR nile exercises. Indeed, when young, he was grave in his manners ; 80 when old he was youthful in his parts, even unto his death." — Fullfrs W'irtfi'es. Carleton, Captain George. Memoirs of an Eug- lisli Officer, Lon., 1728, Svo. His Memoirs, Edin., 1808, 8vo ; pub. in 174-3. Carleton's Memoirs hiive been attri- buted to Daniel De Foe and also to Dean Swift. " Lord El-IOT ; * The best account of Lord Peterborouiih that I have happened to meet with is in Captain Carleton's Memoirs.' Johnson said he had never heard of the book. Lord Fallot sent it to him. Johnson was about goinfi to bed when it came, but sat up till he had read it throu','h; and remarked to Sir Joshua Rey- nolds, ' I did not think a ijounri lord could have mentioned to me a book in the Euf^lish history that was not known to me.' " — Bos- wdJ's Johnwn. Carleton, Lancelot. Letter to Rev. J. Stade, Read., 1727. Carleton, Thomas Conipton. Pliilosophia Uni- versa, Antw., 1649. Tbeologia Scholastiea, Lcod., 1659- 64, 2 vols. fol. Carleton, William, M.D. The Immortality of the Human Soul demon.«trated by the Ligbtof Nature, 1699,4to. Carleton, William, b. at Clogher. Tyrone, Ireland, in )79S. was for some time tutor in a village school. He resolved to try his fortune in Dublin, and in IS.'iO pub. (anon.) Traits'and Stories of the Irish Peasantry, 2 vols. Svo. Their great merit insured their immediate success. A second series was pub. in 1832. In 1839 appeared Far- dorougha, the Miser, or tbe Convicts of Lisnamona. In 1841 he pub. The Fawn of Spring Vale, The Clarionet, and other Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo. Mr. C. has also pub. Va- lentine McClutchy, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. Willey Reilly, 1855, 3 vols. p. Svo, and other works. Perhaps no Irish author was ever more successful with the acknowledged readers of criticism than Mr. Carleton has been. He now enjoys a pension of £200, and is residing near Dublin. "Shepherd. 'What sort o' vols, are the Traits and Stories of Irish Peasantry, published by Cun-y 4 Co., in Dublin!' "North. 'Admirable, truly! intensely Insh. Never were th.at wild, imaginative people better described; and, amongst all the fun, frolic, and folly, there is no want of poetry, pathos, and passion.'"— Btaclm. il/ii!?- . , .v .• i » j i, . ' Mr. Carleton lias caught most accurately the lights and shades His tales are full of vigorous, picturesque description of Irish life. — ^ . ^ - . , . end genuine p.ithos. They may be referred to as furnishmg a very correct portrait of the Irish peasantry."— ion. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1S41. Carliell, Robert. Britain's Glorie, Don., 1619, Svo. " To all vertvovs Nobilitie, Reuerend Clergie, and well-affected Oentrie." , Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 147, £2 2s. It is m verse and prose. Carlile, James, D.D. A Manual of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Mind. The Use and Abuse of Creeds and Confessions of Faith, Dubl., 1836, Svo. Other works. Carlisle, Sir Anthony, 1768-1840, a distinguished surgeon .and physiologist. Disorders of Old Age, 1817, 4to; 2d ed., ISIS, Svo. Alleged Di-scovery of the Use of the Spleen and Thyroid Gland, 1829. For a list of his valuable mod. and bot. contrib., see Eng. Cyc, Div. Biog., Carlisle, Charles Howard, 3d Earl of, d. 1738, is worthy of mention among the Noble Authors for his excellent poetical address in.scribcd " To my .so.i. Lord Morpeth." Horace Walpole remarks, (referring to the 5th Earl, vide post :) " The present Earl of Carlisle is his grandson, and may boast a more copious and correct vein of poetry, but cannot surpass in moral observation or physical truth, the force of tbe precepts, directed to the author's eldest son a short time before his own de- cease. A character is said to have been given of him [the father] in the Political State of Europe; but I have sought without suc- cess for the publication so entitled."— ffoj/ffi iimi A'oWe Authors. Carlisle, or Carlile, Christopher. Theolog. Dis- course, 1582. Carlisle, Rev. D. Roman Antiquities;v. Archaeol., 1794. Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of, 1748- 1825, Viceroy of Ireland, a distinguished statesman, is entitled to a very respectable rank as an author. Poems, 1773, 4to. TheFather's Revenge; a Tragedy, and other Poems. lictter to Earl FitzwiUium, Dubl. and Lon., 1794, 8vo. Unite or Fall, Lon., 1798, 12mo. The Step-Mother ; a Tragedy, 1800, Svo. Tragedies and Poems, 1801, Svo. Verses on the Death of Lord Nelson, 1806. Thoughts on the Stage, anon., 1808, Svo. A criticism (highly laudatory) by Dr. Johnson upon the Father's Revenge will be found in a letter to Mrs. Chapono. See Boswell's Johnson. In the Hours of Idleness, pub. ISOS, Lord Byron refers to his relative's works as having long received the meed of public applause to which, by their intrinsic worth, they were entitled; but in revenge for an imagined slight, in 342 CAR 1 the English Bards and Scotch Reviewers we find the DO" ble earl thus unceremoniously impaled with a crowd of unhappy authors. " Let Stott, Carlisle, Matilda, and the rest Of CIrub-street and the Urosvenor-PIace the best, Scrawl on, till death release us from the strain, Or common sense assert her rights again." To this disrespectful mention is appended a more disre- spectful note, of which as the critic repented and apologizes in Childe Harold— " .\nd partly that I did thy sire some wrong" — • we shall take no further notice. Carlisle, George, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1766. Carlisle, George William Frederick Howard, the present Earl of Carlisle, b. 1802, is well known as a man of letters. His lordship a few years ago travelled in America, and on his return communicated the results of his observations in 1850, in a lecture delivered before the Me- chanics' Institute at Leeds. Some of his comments have found their way into the journals. His lordship also de- livered before the same excellent institution a lecture upon the Life and Writings of Pope. In 1854 he published A Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, p. Svo ; Amer. ed., edited, with Notes, by Prof C. C. Felton, Best., 1855, 12mo. "An unpretending volume, which bears on every page evidence of tbe wise and tolerant spirit, the various scholarship, and the eeusibility to the beautiful so characteristic of its noble author. . . . The account of Malta is not the le.ast attractive portion of this charming work, to which Felton's notes have given additional value."— Wm. H. Prescoit: P;ii7i> tlie Second, 1856, i. 392, n., 601, n. See also a review of the Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, in N. Amor. Rev.. Ixxxi. 91-112, July, 1855. The Second Vision of Daniel : a Paraphrase in Verse, 1S58. Sec Lon. Athen.. 1S5S, 110. Carlisle, Isabella Byron, Countess of, 1721- 1795, daughter of William, 5th Lord Byron, married in 1743, Henry, 4th Earl of Carlisle, by whom she had Frede- rick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. A volume on the Edu- cation of Youth, and a poem in Pearch's Collection entitled The Fairy's Answer to Mrs. Greville's Prayer for Indiffer- ence, have been ascribed to her ladyship. Carlisle, James. The Fortune Hunters; a Comedy, Lon., 1689, 4to. Carlisle, James, Jr. Letters on the Divine Origin and Authenticity of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1833, 2 vols. 12mo. "Indicative of sound judgment, correct taste, and respectable acquirement." — Lowndes. Carlisle, Nicholas. Topographical Dictionary of England, 1808, 2 vols. 4to; of Wales, ISll, 4to; of Scot- land and the Islands in the British Seas, 1813, 2 vols. 4to; of Ireland, 1810, 4to. "If ever there was a book indispens.able for reference to a vast variety of persons, it is this, which bears at the same time every mark of the utmost accuracy." — British Critic. Carlos, James. Serm., 1773, 4to. Carlton, Osgood, of Massachusetts, d. 1816. pub. a number of IVIaps and works on Navigation, 1801-10. Carlyle,Alex.,D.D., Edin. ,1721-1805. Serm.,1779-94. Carlyle, Joseph Dacre, 1759-1804, Prof, of Arabic, Cambridge. Specimens of Arabic Poetry, Camb., 1796, 4to; 1810, r. Svo. Poems, 1805, 4to. " For many elegant poems, also, we are highly indebted to Pro- fessor Carlyle. As beautiful and exquisitely finished pieces, they are entitled to warm commendation." — Drake's Literary Hours. This eminent Orientalist pub, some other works. Carlyle, Robert. Dc Vaux; a Poem, 1S18, Svo. Carlyle, Thomas, the " Censor of the age," was born in 1795 at Ecclefechan, in Dumfriesshire. His father, an agriculturist, was noted for quickness of mental percep- tions, and great energy and decision of character. After preliminary instruction at a school at Annan, Thomas was sent in 1810 to the University of Edinburgh, where he re- mained for seven or eight years, distinguishing himself by devotion to mathematical studies then taught there by Leslie. He seems at this period to have designed entering the ministry, but the idea was abandoned. For about two years he taught mathematics at a school in Fife; on relin- quishing this post, he devoted himself in 1S23 to literature as a profession. In 1824 he contributed to Brewster's Edin- burgh Encyclopaedia the articles " Montesquieu," " Mon- taigne," " Nelson," " Norfolk," and those on the two ''Pitts ;" to the New Edinburgh Review, an Essay on Joanna Bail- lie's Plays of the Passions. In the same year he completed a translation of Legendre's Geometry, to which he pre- fixed an Essay on Proportion, and also pub. his trans, of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, " a work which betrayed a di- rection of reading destined to influence materially his fu- ture career." After completing his trans., he commenced CAR his Life of Schiller, which was pub. in numbers in the Lornlon Magazine. — Men of the Time, Lou., 1853. The life of Schiller was highly commended : <' Schiller was one of the great men of his a-^e, and Carlyle has given evidence in this book of a critical insitjht into his character, both as a man and a writer. His analysis of the works of Schiller, and his critical observations, are de*-ply interesting and instructive. The I'ook will l)i> read with pU-asure and profit." — Lon. Examiner. About 1826 Mr. Carlyle married, and resided alternately at Comely Bank and Craigenputtoch, in an estate in Dum- friesphire. The reader will find an interesting account of his manner of life in the letters to Goethe, in the corre- spondence of the great German bard. " Two ponies which carry us everywhere, and the mountain air, are the best medicines for weak nerves. This daily exercise, to which I am much devoted, is mv only dissipation; for this nook of ours [Crait^enputtoch] is the loneliest in Britain— six miles re- moved from every one who in any case might visit me. Here Rousseau would have been as happy as on his island of St. Pierre.*' In his rural quietude Mr. Carlyle was a contributor to the Foreign Review and other periodicals, and composed his Sartor Resartus. which was pub. in Eraser's Magazine on Mr. Carlyle's return to London, which occurred in 1830. It appeared* in book form in 1S34, " reprinted for friends," and in 1836; again in 1S41. " The work is a sort of philosophical romance, in which the author undertakes to give, in the form of a review of a Oerman treatise on dress, and a notice of the life of the writer, his own opinions upon Matters and Thinjjs in General. The hero. Professor Teutels- droeckh, seems to be intended for a portrait of human nature as affected by the moral influence to which, in the present state of society, a cultivated mind is naturally exposed. . . . The volume contains, under a quaint and singular form, a great deal of deep thnu!_'ht. sound principle, and fine writing. . . . The only thing about the work, tending to prove that it is what it purports to be, a commentary on a re.-il German treatise, is the style, which is a sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of richness, vigour, andat times a sort of felicity of expression, but very strongly tinsed throughout with the peculiar idiom of theOerman language. This quality in the style, however, may be a mere result of a great familiarity with Geraian literature, and we cannot, therefore, look upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing so much evi- dence of an opposite character. ... It is. we believe, no secret in England or here, that it is the work of a person to whom the public is indebted for a number of articles in the late British Reviews, which have attracted great attention by the singularity of their etvle. and the richness and depth of their matter. Among those may be mentioned particularly those on Choractn-idtcs and the Life nf Burns in the Edinburgh Review, and on Croethe in the Fo- reign Quarterly. . . . We take pleasure in introducing to the Ame- rican public a writer, whose name is yet in a great measure un- known among us, but who is destined, we think, to occupy a large space in the literary world. We have heard it insinuated that 5Ir. Carlyle has it in contemplation to visit this country, and we can venture to assure him. that, should he carry this inteution into eSect. he will meet with a cordial welcome." — Alexander H. Eve- rett: iV. Amer. Jievu'ir. xli. 45-t, 1835. In 1837 he pub. The French Revolution, 3 vols. c. Svo: vol. L.TheBastile : vol. ii., The Constitution : vol. iii., The Guillotine. This work produced a profound impression upon the public mind. " No work of greater genius, either historical or poetical. h.as been produced in this country for many years. A more pains- taking or accurate investigator of fects and testimonies never wielded the historical pen." — JV-strnmster Bevievt. ••Let a man who would exhibit the frightful drama of the French Revolution for the benefit of his reader, place the reader before its scenes, and leave him to himself— as most men. in going through an interestingbuilding. longto be left alone and not be troubled with the impertinence of a guide. The scenes themselves are already there — not painted or described as by a spectator, but existing un- intentionally in the records of thetimes. Few things, perhaps, wonld do more to arrest our present headlong course of license. No hiL'bly-wrought language would be required, or any language but that employed by the actors themselves. The most graphic portions of 5Ir. Carlyle's work are those in which he has most closely transcribed from these sources ; and in other parts we think he has failed to convey not only a correct philosophical view of the history, but even clear, vivid pictures of Cict." — Lon. Qiuxt-Urly Review, Ixvj. 457. " After perusing the whole of this extraordinary work, we can allow, almost to their fullest extent, the high qualities with which Mr. Carlvle's idolaters endow him." — Lon. Times. " This is one of the few books of our time that are likely to live for some generations beyond it. Some years will pass before these volumes begin to be generally relished; but relished they will be, and that thoroughly, sooner or lat«r." — Lon. Eraminer. "There is no account of the French Revolution that can be in the slightest degree compared with this fi-r intensity of feeling and profoundness of thought." — Lnn. Mrmthhj Repnsitnrii. '■It would be an interesting book if well translated into Eng- Hsh." In 1839 appeared Chartism; 2d edit., 1S40, p. Svo. See a Review of this work in the British and Foreign Re- view, xi. 1 ; also articles on Chartism in vol. xii. 30,^, and in Blackwood's Ma}:;., xlvi. 289. His Six Lectures on He- roes. Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History, delivered in London in 1840. were pub. in ]841, and 4th edit, in 1852, 12mo. In 1843 Mr. C. pub. his Past and Present, p. Svo. CAR "Pant and Present has not, and could not have, the same wild power which Surtrn- Resartus possessed, in our opinion, over the feelings of the reader; but it contains passages which look the same way, and breathe the same spirit." — Blackwood's Mag., My. 138. Mr. C.'s Critical and Miscellaneous Essays have been collected, and the ?>d edit, was pub. in London in 1S47, 4 vols. p. Svo. They have also been pub. in America. See a review in Brit, Quart. Rev., ii. 297. In the same year appeared the 2d edit, of the Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell. Mr. Carlyle's Latter Day Piimphlets. Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, were pub. in 1850, p. 8v(» : the life of his friend, John Sterling, pub. in 1851. The 3d ed. of The French Revolution was pub. in 1856-57, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; 3d ed. of Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, 1857, 3 vols. p. Svo ; 4th ed. of Essays, 1S57, 4 vols. p. Svo ; Lives of Schiller and Sterling, 1857, p. Svo. (vol. vi. of collective ed. of Car- lyle's works.) The Life of Frederick the Great, L-.u. and New York, 1858, 2 vols. Svo. A critic remark.?, " Tho work is thoroughly Carlylish, and worthy of the author. It has long been announced that it was to be the work of his life." " Few writers of the present time have risen more rapidly into popularity than Mr. Carlyle, after labouring through so long a pe- riod of comparative neglect. AVhatever judgment critics may be pleased to pass on him. it is certain that his works have attracted of late no common share of attention." — Edinhurgh Review. We have quoted some highly commendatory notices of Mr. Carlyle as an author; but by many critics the pecu- liarities of his style have been severely censured, and tho value of his .speculations greatly doubted. "Mr. Carlyle has disdained the easy-beaten track, and struck out a new taste in writing, combining, we had almost said, all pos- sible £aults. and yet not unlikely to become popular. . .. It is la- mentable to see that Mr. Carlyle's early writings, in which there is far the most truth and genuine pood sense, are the most free from his faults. They appear to have gathered on him as he ad- vances. Is it that he'is permitting himself to dress up his style like a mountebank to attract popular wonderment, which we have too good an opinion of him to believe? Or is it that his mind it- self as we fear, is becoming embarrassed and perplexed with the speculations into which he is falling, and in which he evidently is struggling about like a man sinking in the water, and just be- ginning to suspect that he is out of his depth? Some of his early writings are verv pleasing in their language, as in their sentiments. (.See, for example, his paper on Boswell. Miscellanies, vol. iii. 114; but his Life of Schiller appears to us in point of style by for the best of them all. JVote.) In his last works, the Sartor Resartus, and Chartism, he runs wild in distortions and extravagancies." — Lon. Quarterly Review, Ixvi. 1S40. '•Mr. Carlyle— an astute and trenchant critic might, with show of justice, remark— assumes to be the reformer and castigator of liis age — a reformer in philosophy, in politics, and religion — d&- nouuciuj; its mechaTiical method of thinking, deploring its utter want of faith, and threatening political society, obstinately deaf to the voice of wisdom, with the retributive horrors of repi'ated revolutions; and yet neither in philosophy, in religion, nnr in politics, h.as Mr. Carlyle any distinct dogma, creed, or constitution to promulgate. . . . He is any thing but aman of practical .ibility. Setting aside his style for the present, let us see whether he has ever, in the course of his life, thrown out a single hint which could be useful to his own generation, or profitable to those who may come after. If he could originate any such hint, he does not possess the power of embodying it in distinct language. He his written a History of the French Revolution, a pamphlet on Chart- ism, a work on' Heroes and Hero-worship, and a sort of jiolitical treatise entitled Past and Present. Can any living man point to a single practical passage in any of these volumes? If not, what is the real value of i\lr. Carivle's writings? What is Mr. Carlyle himself but a Phantasm of the sj)ecies he is pleased to denounce.'' —Blackwood's Mag., liv. 1843; btvii. 1S50. See Passages Selected from the Writings of Thomas Carlyle, by Thomas Ballantyne, 1855. p. Svo. Carlyle, Thomas, of the Scottish Bar. The Moral Phenomena of Germany ; 2d edit., enlarged. Lon., ISmo. Carmarthen, Marciuis of. Journal of his Brest E.xpedition, 1G94, 4to. Carmey, Coins of the Kings of Syria, Lon.. 1761, fol. Carmichael, A. N. Greek Verbs, Lon., 1841. p. 8vo. Carmichael, Alex. Morti6cation of Sin, &c., 1677. Carmichael, Andrew. Con. to Trans. Irish Acad., 1811: on Habit, and the InventionofWriting. Disquisitions on the History and Metaphysics of Scripture, 2 vols. Svo. '■ A very remarkable prodMCtion."— Phrenological Journal. Carmichael, Frederick, 17US-1751, Prof, of Di- vinity in Marischal College. Serms., Lon., 1757, Svo. Carmichael, James. Grammatica Latina de Ety- mologia, Canib., 15^7. 4to. Carmichael, James, Con. to Med. Com. and Ann. Med., 1776-U9. Carmichael, James. Peerage of Scotland, Edin., 1791. 4t... Carmichael, Uichard, Med. treatises, 1806-18. Carnarvon, Lord. Don Pedro; a Tragedy, Lon., Svo, Moor; a Poem, Svo. Notes ou Portugal, GalUcia> Ac, p. Svo. ^ CAR " Not only a graphic description of the country, hut it relates a series of pefsonal aavi-ntures and perils very unusual ni modern ^'^7^^'sZ^^ny, interest, and value."-K Ser..Jnur. Came, John. Letters in the East, 2 vols.; and Re- collections of Travels in Syria and Palestine, Lon., lf>M, ^ " Pe(;uliarrv"'valuahle hy the graphic ^''f "P"»°.»V^;"'fv °° the spot, of the pr«,i( adwd Uate nf 1« j,ac,s «h.eh b=Aeheen the thejitres of the great events recorded in the Bible, -ion- A™ ""'Svrfaft.^e Holy Land, Asia Minor, Ac; illustrated by Bar'tlett and others; descriptions by J. C, Lon., 1!?^», '■ """i Tht'descriptions are well drawn up by Mr. Carne, whose resi- dence in the J?ast °ome years since fitted him for such an under- *'*Live3''of"EmiliTut Missionaries, 3 vols. 12mo. Other Carne, Robert H. Two Covenants, Lon., 182S, 8vo. Carnett, P. P. Wine-Making, IRU, 8vo Carolaii, Patrick. Schools in Ireland, IsOb, etc. Carol!, William. Answer to ColUns's Essay con- ternin? the use of Reason, ic., Lon , 1707, 8vo. •Caron, R. P. Remonstratia Hiliernoruin, IbbS, loi. Carpenter, Agricola. Psevchognirhica Anthropo- magica ; or a Magical Description of the boul, Lon., 16o., "carpenter, Benjamin. Theolog. and other works, Carpenter, Daniel. The Poor Laws, 18»^ 8™- Carpenter, Elias. Nocturnal Alarm, Lon 180.1, 8vo. Carpenter, George, Lord. Con. to Ph.l. Trans., 1738 • account of a bullet lodged near the gullet. Carpenter, Henry. The Deputy Divinity, Lon., 1637, 12nio. ,.„„ . , Carpenter, J. Merchants' Accounts, Lon., Ib.ii, tot. Carpenter, J. Treatise on Practical and fc.\pen- mental AgriculHue, 1803, 2 vols. Svo. . . , , , . Carpenter, Jacobus. Platonis cum Anstotcle in Universa Pliilosophia Coraparatio, Pans, 157^, 4to. Carpenter, John, of Ricklin, Essex. Epicedmm m obitum decide ratissimi principis Guililmi Glocestiffi ^Carpenter, John. Sorrowful! Song for Sinfull Soules, Lon., 15Sfi, Svo. Theolog. treatises 1588-1612. •■ Cioins throuL'h the courses of lo-ic and philosophy for the space of four years or more, with uu>5eaned industry. —Mhm. "carpenter, Joseph Edward. Lays and Legends of Fairy Land. Ac., Lon., Svo. Other works. •• In the rank of lyric poets Mr. Carpenter deservedly holds a ■^'^cSenter, Lant, LL.D., 1780-1840 b at Kidder- minster lather of Dr. W. B. Carpenter, the distinguished physiologist, (r/.i'.;) settled as Unitarian minister at Exeter L 1805: reinoved to Bristol in 1817. His publica ions including those which were posthumous, amount to 44, ot which we notice a few. 1. Introduction to the beography of the New Testament, 1S05. 12mo. 2. Unlananism the Doctrine of the Gospel, 1809, 12mo. 3. Examination ot the Charges made against Unitarianism, Ac. by Dr. Jlageo to his Dfscourses on Atonement, Ac. 1820, 8vo 4. Prin- ciples of Education, Intellectual, Moral, and Physical, ^*" I know of no work more excellent or complete on the subject of education, in all its parts, than this. It is a monument to the sound, pacical good sense, the enlarged views, the erud.t.on. and the niety of the author."-C. D. Cl.Evi!Lim: Eng. L'tA^tU a-nt. 5 Harmony ; or. Synoptical Arrangements the Gospels, 1835 8vo 6 Dissertations ou the Duration ot our Saviour s Ministry, Ac, 1836, Svo: a reprint from Harmony, Ac. "The third dissertation is particularly valuable and instructive. "'t' "sem^s on Practical Subjects, 1840, Svo ; edited by his Son, Dr. W. B. Carpenter. See Life of Dr. t. by hi.- Son, Rev. Russell Lant Carpenter. Dr. C. pub. some r.ther works. , . v Carpenter, Nathaniel, a native of Devonshire, b. 15SS,d.accordingtoWood, 1628, acc.u-ding to Filler 1635, was educated .at Edmund Hall, Oxford, berm. )bl2 Svo. Philosophia Libera, Ac, Franef., 1621, Svo ; with add. s., 162'> Svo • Oxf., 1636, '75, Svo. Memorable as one of the first-attacks upon the Aristotelian Philosophy ^.ee Bruck- er's Hist, of Philos. Geographie Delineated, Oxt., lb 5, 4to • with addils., 1625, 4to. See a high encomium on De- vonshire at p. 200. Achitophel; Serm.,162!),4to. berm., Oxf., 1640. " He was right-handed in the Cyclopaedia of all arts; logic, wit- ness hisT/ades [Philosophia. *c.;l mathematics, expressed m the S of his Geography ;^u4 divinity, appearing m his excellent iu CAR sermons called Achitophel. As fur his Optics, it had been a m^f "• plec- ^n tliat kind, iltruly and perfecUy prmeed."-.PuH«- s nurtl.tes. Carpenter, Richard, d. 1627, battler in E.xeler Col- lego, Oxford, 15y2; Fellow, 1596; pub. serms.. 1612, 16, '20 '23. One of his discourses was pub. in lbo7. fol. Langbaine erroneously suggests the identity of the author with the following. , , x u i Carpenter, Richard, D.D., a divine and poet, about the middle of the 17th century, joined the Church of Rome, returned to the Church of England, and died a Roman Catholic. Experience, History, and Divinity, Lon., 1642, Svo Repub. in 1648 as The Downfall of Antichrist. Astro- lo'^y Proved Harmless, Pious, Useful ; a Serm., 1663, 4to. Rome in her Fruits, 1663, 4to. The Pragmatical Jesuit new Leavened. 4to. Other publications. "Those that knew him have often told me that he was an im- Budeut 'fantastical man. that changed his mind with his cloatha, and tint Im lii-^ ju^'sl'S and tricks in matters .jf religion he was esteemed a tlnMl,,i:ical muuntebank."— .<(/icn. Oirm. Carpenter, Samuel. Election for Saltash, 1808. Carpenter, Stephen Cullen, d. about 1820, a nit- five of Great Britain, and settled in the U. States in 1803, where he soon united with J. Bristed as co-editor of the U.S. Jla-'azine. pub. at Charleston, S.C. He originated the Monthly Register, pub. at Charleston, ISOo. He had been previously engaged as reporter of the Pariiamentary proceedings during the trial of Hastings, and from his personal knowledge doubtless was enabled to make the »reat speeches of Sheridan on the Belgium affairs as found fn the Select Speeches of Dr. Chapman. He was the author of the Overiand Journey to India, pub. under the assumed name of Donald Campbell ; 2d cd., ISOO-IO. Life of Thomas Jefferson, Phila. and N. York, 1809, 2 vols. Svo. Select American Speeches ; being a sequel to Dr. Chap- man's Select Speeches, Phila,, 1S15, 2 vols. Svo. See Donald. Campbell. , „ ,,• Essay on the Vices and 1 oUies Educational works, 1798- Carpenter, Thomas. of .Mankind. Ac. 1795. Carpenter, Thomas. 1813 : Orthography. Ac Carpenter, Thomas. Devotional Reflections on the Psalms of David, Lon.. 1S37; 2d ed., 1841, ISmo. Carpenter, William, D.D. Fast Serm. ,Lon.,17i6,4to. Carpenter, William. Calendarium Palestinifi, 1825, 8vo. This is a very useful work. Scripture Difficulties Examined with a View to their Solution, 1S25, Svo. The author elucidates 700 passages in the Old and New 'Testa- ments Popular Lectures on Biblical Criticism and Inter- pretation, Lon., 1826, Svo. Scripture Natural History, 1828 Svo. Dr. Harris's Natural History (Boston, Mass., 1820) is generally preferred; but some consider Carpenter's work "more readable." "Without that pretence to originality which in the present day is as much dislinguislied by personal vanity aa it is at variance with truth Mr. Carpenter has, we think, presented to tlie public an interesting and useful work."— ion. Clu-is. Keniemh. A Guide to the Practical Reading of the Bible, Lon., 1S30, ISmo. ^ . " This is a useful and interesting compilation, and gives in a very small compass a great deal of information."-CTi. of Ireland Mag. Biblical Companion, Lon., 1836, Svo. ^_ "To the use of less advanced students it is especially adapted. — DR. K. WlI.LI.^MS. Carpenter, William Benjamin, M.D., F.R.S., .son of Dr Lant Carpenter; a distinguished ].hysiologist and eminent writer on physiology ; Prof. Med. Jur. in Univ. Coll., London ; Lecturer on General Anatomy and Physio- logy at the London Hospital School of Med., and E.xa- miner in Physiology and Comparative Anat. in the Univ. of London ; studied medicine in University College, 1833 ; passed his examination in the Royal College of Surgeons and Apothecaries' Soc, 1835; subsequently pursued his studies in the Univ. of Edinburgh, where his capacity for original thought and dealing with the most profound phy- siological discussions became apparent. 1. On the Volun- tary and Instinctive Actions of Living Beings, Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour.. No. 132. 2. The Unity "f Func- tion in Organized Beings, Edin. New Phil. Jour. 3. The Differences of the Laws regulating Vital and Physical Phenomena; ibid. 4. Dissertation on the Physiologie_al Inferences to be deduced from the Structure of the Nervous System in the Invertebrate Class of Animals, Edin 1S38 After publishing the above, he graduated at Ediui.urgh in 1S39. 5. Principles of General and Com- parative Physiology, Lon., 1839, Svo ; 2d ed..l.Ml.Svo; 9th ed., rewritten, was pub. in 1854, entitled (b) Prin- ciples of Comparative Physiology; (7) the Principles of Gcncr.'il Physiology being pub. in a separate vol. Men Amer. ed., Phda., iS54, Svo. CAR "Not the profession only, but the scientific world at large, must feel deeply iiuiebted to DV. Carpenter for tkis great work." — Lon. Medical Tunes. "An Encyclopedia of the subject, accurate and complete in all respects; a tiutliful reflection of the advanced state at which science has nuw arrived." — Dublin Qtiar. Jour, of Medical Science. "A truly magnificent work, — in itself a perfect physiological Btudy." — Ranking s Abstract. -' No treatise on I'hyaiology which Iiaa hitherto appeared in our languiige exceeds the present, either in the comprehensiveness of its principles or in ibe value and abundance of its facts. We recommend it to all our readers and to men of science of every description." — British and Forevjn Mediral Ifeview. " In Dr. Carpenter's work will be found the best exposition we possess of all that is furnished by comparative anatomy to our knowledge of our nervous system, as well as to tlie mure general principles uf life and organization." — Dr. Holland's Medical Notes and Rejkctinnn. '* I recommend to your penisal a work recently published by Dr. Carpenter. It h;is this advantage: it is very much up to the pre- sent state of knnwlidge of the subject. It is written in a clear style, and is \\A\ Ulustrated." — Prof. Skarpey's Jntroduc. Lecture. '•See Dr. Carpenter's Principles of General and Comparative Physiology, — a work which makes me proud to think he was once my pupil." — Dr. EUU>tson''s Physiology. 8. Principles of Human Physiology, Lon., 1S46, 8vo; 4th od. ; 6th American ed., from the 4th Enjjlish ed., with additions by Francis Gurney Smith. M.D., Prof. Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Medical College. " We speak advisedly when we say that w« know of no work on physiology from which the student is likely to derive so much advantage. The whole of it reflects the highest honour upon the talents, knowledge, and judgment of the author." — Bi-itisk aiid foreign Medical Review. '■Di. Carpeutei-*s work, Human Physiology, is an important one in support of the spirituality of the mind. Nothing can be more Batisfiictory than his arguments and illustrations as to the distinct existence and manifestatiuns of the thinking principle." — BlaJccy's ffist. of tlie, Phihfii'phy of Mind. Nos. 6, 7, and S are now pub. as three independent vols., comprising the whole range of Biological Science. 9. Vegetable Physiology and Botany, 1844, 8vo. 10. A Manual of Physiology, 1846, fp. 8vo. Several editions. "Although designed for the student and framed expressly to meet his wants, it is a work that may be cousulted with advantage by most physicians and surgeous, however learned." — British and Foreign Medical Revieuy. 11. Elements of Physiology, including Physiological Anatomy, 8vo. 12. The Popular Cyclopjedia of Natural Science, 1847, 5 vols. 8vo. Commenced in 1843. " It possesses merits of a very high order. The talents and at- tainments of its autlior are evidently such as qualify him to take his station as an original author, experimenter, and discoverer among the most excellent sons of science." — Lon. Eclectic Review. 13. Zoology and Instinct in Animals, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo. "For clearness of arrangement, perspicuity of style, and read- able matter, we know of no complete work on zoology which we couid recommend so fully as this by Dr. Carpenter." — ton. Athen. 14. A Prize Essay on the Use of Alcoholic Liquors in Health and Disease; 2d ed., 1S51. 12uio. New Amer. ed., with a Preface by Dr. D. F. Condie, M.D.. and Explana- tions of Scientific Words, 12ino. 15. Mechanical Phi- losophy, Astronomy, and Horology, 1848, Svo. 16. On the Microscope : its Revelations and its Uses, 1856, 8vo. "The works of Dr. Carpenter manifest some of the best qualities both of the thinker and the observer." — Morell's Hist, of Modem Pha-'S.. q.V. Carpmeal, W, Reports, Patent Cases, Lon., r. Svo, 4th ed.. 1S46. The Law of Patents for Inventions. "Designed for inventors and others unlearned in the law. but may be consulted with profit by professional readers on points of practice, and for the scientific illustrations which abound in the work." — Miri'in'.''™'-=- .1^"' Carte struggled manfully on. The 2d vol.---l 21 6-1509--- nppearedinl750; and the 3d-1509-1613-in 1/52 \ ol. 4th 1613-54, was pub. in 1755, about a year alter the au- thor's decease. He intended to have brought it dow;n to the Restoration. His valuable materials were lelt by Mrs. Carte, for his lifetime, to her second husband, JSlr. Jerne- gan, then to be deposited in the University of Oxford. Mr Jernegan delivered them to the University in In 8, for a valuable consideration. Whilst they were in his possession, he charged the Earl of Hardwicke £'200 for the perusal of them, and Jlr. Macpherson paid £.100 for the same privilege. His History of Great Britain Lon., 17 ,5 2 vols. 4to, and Original Papers, 1775, 2 vols. 4to, with Extracts from the Life of James II., as written by himself, show that he was disposed to lose nothing by the invest- °" 1-he character of Macpherson seems at an end. He endeayoured to deceive the public, and to make them bebevo that the extiacts he gave were from the king's o,„„ journal; but this they were not He nerer saw the journal, as I have before mentioned He made extracts from the Stuart papers, and additions from Carte. — Jlo/. ,'^mylh's Lectures on Mmi. Hist. For the ten 4to vols, of the Brunswick Papers, Macpher- son was indebted to a fortunate purchase of Mr. Duanc .s. Mr. .lernegan was pleased with such a profitable^ mode of assisting literary antiquaries, and as late as li7o he advertised that he was still willing to loan them for a con- sideration. But there were no more Earl Hardwickcs and Macpbersons to be found, and. as we have stated, be re- ceived a handsome sum in 1778 to place them in their intended repository. Wo need not wonder that few were hardy enough to attack "20 folios, 15 quartos, and some OAK CAR loose papers" in MS. : for such was the hulk of those which treated of matters from 1654 to 168S. Of borrowers from Carte, Hume is one of the largest, and would have acted with more justice by a frank acknowledgment of his obligations. It is amusing to observe the cavalier manner in which he incidentally alludes to Carte in his noles as "a late author of great industry and learning, but full of prejudices and of no penetration." The two authors occupy the same relative position as those of the laborious miner and the skilful polisher of the precious metal, which but for the assiduity of the former might still be undistinguished beneath the clod. But those who wish to gather ail the gold must still revert to Carte. '' You may read Hume for his elotiuence, but Carte is the his- torian fiir facts." — Warton. *' Altbou:j:h the author died before the publication of the last volume iu 1755 — intending to bring his work down to the Resto- ration — yet he lived lou^ enou-jh to witness its success, and the victory which be obtained over its numerous opponents, and the shame attachL-d to those who bad withdrawn their oriizinal pa- trona<;e. This work will live louj^, and always be consulted." — Dibdin's Library Chmpanum. " Notwithstandini; our author's opinions and pre^iudices, his general History is undoubtedly a work of great merit in point of information. It is written with eminent exactness and diligence, and with a perfect kuowled'ie of orijiiinal authors." — Biog. Brit. " In the eitrly part of the Kn^dish History, I should always pre- fer the history of Carte to any other historian. lie was indef:iti*ra- ble himself, in his researches, having dedicated his whole life to them, and was assisted in what relates to "Wales by the labours of Mr. Lewis Morris, of Penbryn, in Cardi;:ranshire. As for his poli- tical prejudices, they cannot be supposed to have had any bias in what relates to a transaction five hundred years ago, and which hath nothing to do with the royal touch for the cure of king's evil." — Daines Baerinuton. "His learned work, which in other respects is but indifferently Written, is replete with very useful researches, though mixed with incurable prejudices." — MoNS. D'Eyverddm: voyez Memoires Lit- tfiraires de la Grande Bretagne, 1768. Dr. Richard Rawlinson declined the arduous task of completing this valuable History. Mr. Carte also pub. The History of the Revolution of Portugal. T740, Svo, 6ome Translations, &g. In 1742 he pub. A Full Answer to a Letter from a Bystander. (Corbyn Morris, Esq., F.R. S,.) which appeared in I74I. This elicited some other pam- phlets. "These tracts embody much curious discussion and information with respect to taxation, and the expenditure of the public re- venue for a lengthened period." — McCulhch\. p. 21,) and favoured Buckley with some useful hints concerning the enterprise. See Buckley, Samuel, and Carte, Thojias. Johnson excused his Letter on the Battle of Dettingen upon the plea of want of practice ; and his lordship him- self did not consider it a classical piece of composition, for he remarked, when he had finished it, " Here is a letter expressed in terms not good enough for a tal- low-chandler to have used." His lordship, however, had learning, if he lacked stylo, and turned it to profitable account in procuring MSS. for Dr. Bentley's use when urging him to underlako a new edition of Homer. In this connection, an anecdote occurs to us, too good to be omitted : The great Centley, who was known to old Lady Gran- ville only as " the country clergyman," when in town would spend the evenings with Lord Carteret in classical conversations. On one occasion Lady Granville rebuked her son for having kept " the country clergyman" up the night before till he became intoxicated. His lordship denied that his friend was in such an unclerical condition. Lady Granville replied that "the clergyman could not have sung in so ridiculous a lu.anner, unless he had been in liquor." " The truth was, that the singing thus mis- taken by her ladyship, was Dr. Bentley's endeavour to in- struct and entertain his noble friend by reciting Terence according to the true cantilena of the ancients !" Amidst his lordship's struggles for place and power, he had an affectation of saying — '* I love my fireside." This gave rise to the amusing poetical satire by Hawkins Browne, entitled. The Fire-side ; a Pastoral Soliloquy. He gave a copy of the Bible to a friend, who shortly after displayed it to him in an elegant binding. " You have done with it," said his lordship, *' as the king has done with me : he made me fine, and he laid me by." " Lord Granville had great parts, and a most nnconinion share of learning for a man of quahty. lie was one of the best speakers in the House of Lords, both in the declamatory and the argumentative way. . . . Uis character may be summed up in nice precision, quick decision, and unbridled presumption."' — Lord Chesterfield. Carteret, Capt. Philip. Voyage round the World in 1766, '67, '68, '69 : see Hawkesworth's Voyages, i. 522, ,1779, CAR Carthew, Thomas. Reports of Cases in the King's Bench from 3d Jas. II. to 12 Will. III., Lon., 1728, fok; 2d edit., with additions, 1741, fol. " Carthew, in general, is a good reporter." — Lord Kenton. "I own that he is in general a very good and a very faithful re- porter, but 1 laucy he was mistaken in the case of Leigh v. Brace.'* — Chief Justice Willes. " Carthew and Counterbach are equally had authority. — Lord Thurlow. Now the lawyers may settle this case for the judges, as they think best. It is too knotty for a layman. Cartouche, t. D. His Life and Actions, Lon., 1722. Svo. Cartwright, !>Irs. Novels and Memoirs, Lon., '80, '85, '»7, 12mo. Cartwright, Charles, M.D. His unfortunate Ad- ventures, Lon., 1741, Svo. Cartwright, Charles. Commercial Treatises, 1782^ '88, Svo. Cartwright, Christopher, 1602-1658. Electa Tar- gumico-Rabbiuica; sive adnotationes in Genesin ex trip- lici Targum, Ac, Lon., 1648, 12mo. Idem in E-iodum, 1653, 12ino. " The Targums referred to are those of Onkelos. .Jonathan, and the Jerusalem. R.abbi Solomon, Aben Ezra, and other Jewish writers, are often quoted. The Septuagint, and the versions of Aquila, Theodotion. and Symm.achus, are also used."— Orme. Mellificium Hebraicum. sive observationes ex Hebrse- orum Antiquiorum monumentis desumpta?, Ac; in the 8th vol. of the Critici Sacri, pp. 1271, 1426. " It applies successfully the Rabbinical writings to the illustra- tions of the Scriptures." — OltME. '•To our learned counlryman. Cartwright, belongs the honour of being the fir.st who applied the more ancient writings of the Jews to the illustration of the Bible. He was followed in the same path of literature by Prusius, whose Fratei-ita sive Anwita- timies m Tnlum Ji-su Clirisli TeshimmUan. (4to, Fran., 1012,) con- tain many valuable illustrations of the New Testament. Some additions were subsequently made to his work by Balthasar Scheidius. whose Pra-terita Pra'teritorum are included in the publication of Meuschen — Novum Teshameutum ex Talmude, A-c. Lipsiae. 1730, 4to."— T. II. HoRXE. Cartwright pub. some other works. Cartwright, Edninnd, 1743-1823, a Fellow of Mag- dalen College, Oxford. Constantia, 1768, 4to. Almine and Elvira, 1775, 4to ; 9th edit, with other poems, 1804, Svo. The Prince of Peace, and other poems, 1779, 4to. Sonnets to Eminent Men, 1783, 4to. A Memorial, 18110, Svo. Serms., 1802, '08. Svo. Letters and Sonnets addressed to Lord John Russell, IS07, 12nio. " Almost of historical value in reference to the present high standing of his lordship, the letters being early attempts at direct- ing his judgment and improving his literary tastes." Cartwright, Eliza. To this lady we are indebted for the literary portion of Mr. John Gilbert's Chrono- logical Pictures of English History. Lon., imp. fol. " An elegant mode of insinuating a knowledge of English His- tory ." — A&iati€ Journal. Cartwright, Frances D. The Life and Corre- spondence of her uncle, Major (John) Cartwright, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. This work contains a map of his discoveries and explorations in the interior of Newfoundl.aud, re- marks on the situation of the Aborigines, correspondence with President Jefferson, Ac " An entertaining and rather curious piece of biography." — Lon. Monlliiy Uri'iew, July, 1S2G. Cartwright, Francis. 1621, 4to. Cartwright, George. IGGl, Svo. Cartwright, George. Life, Confession, Ac, Lon., The Heroic Lover, Lon., Journal of nearly 16 years' Residence in the Coast of Labrador, Newark, 1792, 3 vols. 4to. "The annals of his Campaigns among the Foxes and Beavers interested me more than ever did the exploits of Marlborough or Frederick; besides, 1 saw plain truth aud the heart in Cartwrighfs Book; and in what history could I look for these? The print is an excellent likeness." — Coleiudoe. Cartwright, J. Serm., Lon., 1791, Svo. Cartwright, John. A Preacher's Travels, Lon., 1611, 4to. See Purchas's Pilgrim, vol. ii., and Osburne's Voyages, i. 709, 1745. Cartwright, Ma.ior John, 1740-1824, of the Royal Navy, and Major in tho Nottinghamshire Militia, was a warm friend of the Independence of America, and refused to fight against her liberties. In 1774 he pub. American Independence the Glory and Interest of Great Britain ; 2d edit., 1775. A list of his political pamphlets will he found in Watt's Bib. Brit. His Life and Correspondence by hia niece are noticed above. He corresponded with a number 1773. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1770 : of Camelopardalis found I of American gentlemen, and at homo was an earnest advo- at the Cape of Good Hope, I cate of annual parliaments and universal suffrage. The CAR Cartwright, Thomas, of Q. College, Oxf. Serms., le.i'J. 4to. Cartwright, William, 1611-1643, anative of North- way, Gloucestei-shire, was educated at Westminster, and Chiist Church. Oxfurd. He tiiok holy orders in 1638. '■ He becime the most florid and serapbic.il preacher in theUni- Tersity. . . . His prciching Tvas so graceful and profound withal, that none of his time or age went beyond him." — Athen. Oxon. But he seems to have been unwilling to relinquish the society of the Muses. He pub. The Royal Slave ; a Tragi- comedy, Oxf., 1639, 4to ; 1640, 4to. To the Earl of Pem- broke and Montgomery, 1041, fol. Comedies. Tragi-Come- dies, with other Poems, 1641. Poemata Grwca et Latina, and some other pieces. In 1643 he was chosen Junior Proctor of the University of Oxford, and Reader in Meta- physics, and died the same year of a malignant fever. An edit, of his Plays and Poems was pub. in lOol, 8vo, pre- ceded by fifty copies of verses, highly eulogistic, from the chief literary characters of the day. Of this edit, some copies contain more matter than others. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. Perhaps there is no instance in the annala of English literature of an author more admired by hia ship was taken from him. He visited the Continent, where ' contemporaries of distinction than Cartwright appears to he remained for some years, and, returning, followed up ' have been. Indeed, he is now better known by the praises Field and Wilcox's admonition to the Parliament by a , of others than by his own works. These, with the excep- Second Admonition for relief ag.ainst the subscription re- | tion of his plays, which are now entirely neglected, consist quired by the ecclesiastical commissioners, 1572. To this , principally of political addresses to distinguished characters Dr. Whitfift pub. an answer the same year. Cartwright I of the day. We quote a lew of the commendations which replied in 1573, and Whitgift responded in 1574, which were showered so profusely upon Cartwright and his me- last elicited two more publications from Cartwright in 1675 CAR following enlogy upon his character from a distinguished source is worthy of quotation : *' He was one whose enlightened mind and profound constitu- tional knowledge placed him in the highest rank of public cha- racter, and whose purity of principle and consistency of conduct through life commanded the most respectful attention to his opi- nions.'" — Ch.^rles James Fox. Cartwright, Thomas, 1535?-1603. acelebr.ated Pu- ritan divine, was a native of Hertfordshire. He was ad- mitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1550, and in 1560 wjis chosen Fellow. In 1567 he commenced B.D., and in 1570 was chosen Lady Margaret Divinity Reader. His lectures gave great offence to Archbishop Grindal, who complained to Sir William Cecil, Chancellor of the Uni- versity, that the students were " in danger to bo poisoned with a love of contention and a liking of novelty." Dr. Whitgift also found fault, not only with his public state- ments, but also with " what he had uttered to him in pri- vate conference." Ho was forliidden to read any more lectures until further orders, and in 1571, when Dr. Whit- gift became Vice-Chancellor of the University, Cartwright was deprived of his Professorship, and in 1572 his Fellow and 1577. To the disgrace of the government, he was several times imprisoned, and his health injured by con- finement and bad treatment. An Admonition to the People of England, Ac, Lon., 1589, 4to. A Briefe Apologie, Ac, Lon., 1596, 4to. In lilirum Salomonis qui inscribitur Ec- clesiastes, Ac, Lon., 16114, 4to. Metaphrasis et Homilia.' in Ecclesiasten, Marp. Catt, 1604, 8vo ; Amsi, 1632, '47, 4to. Comment, upon Epistle to the Romans, Lon., 1612, 4to. A Body of Divinity, Lon., 1616, 4to. A Confutation of the Rhemish Translation, Glosses, and Annotations on the New Testament, 1618, fol. " It came forth privately without license, and seems to have been printed abroad." — SIrt/pr's Annals. '■The confutation of the English Roman Catholic version oWbe New Testament displays the wi-iter's extensive acquaintance with the Scriptures, and the power of his controversial talents. All the passages in dispute between Catholics and Protestants are largely discussed." — Okme. "In 1749 a new edition of the Anglo-Romish Bible, with some alterations in the text, .and many in the notes, was published from the copy of Dr. Chaloner. titular bishop of Debra, and one of the vicars-apostolic of the Romish Church in England. Various other editions have been printed at different times and in different sizes." — T. II. UoaNE. Commentarii in Provcrbia Salomonis, Ac, Lug. Bat., 1617, fol. ; Amst., 1638, 4to. The Pope's Dc-idlie Wound, Ac, Lon.. 1621, 4to. Commentaria Practicain totum Ilis- toriam Evangelicam, ex quatuor Evangelistis harmonice concinn.atum, 1630, fol.; elegantly printed by Elzevir at Amst., 1647, 4to, under the title llarmonia Evangeliea, Ac. An English version appeared in 1650. A Directory for Church Government, 1644, 4to. '■ Cartwright was the leader of the Puritans, and remark.ible for his extensive acquaintance with the Scriptures, and the power of his controversial talents." — Park. '■ He continued his diligence and assiduities in his studies even in his old age: and his usual manner was to rise at two. three, and four o'clock in the morning at the latest, both summer and winter; notwithstanding that his bodily infirmities were such that he was foi-ced to study continually upon his knees. . . . His manner was not to keep any more money in his pui-se. but what might serve for charitable uses. He was very bountiful to poor scholars. He distributed money every S.al>bath-day .among the poor of the town of Warwick, besides what he gave to the prisoners, and upon other occasions both at home and abroad." — Clarke's Lives of 32 English Divines, <£c. '* One saith. ' for riches, he sought them not.' and another saith, ' thivt he died rich ;' and I believe both say true ; (iod sometimes making wealth to find them who seek not for it, seeing many and great were his benefactors." — FiJJer's Worthies. See Biog. Brit,; Zouch's Walton's Lives; Strype's Par- ker; Strype's Grindal: Peck's Desiderata. Cartwright, Thomas, 1634-1689, supposed to be grandson to the preceding, was a native of Northampton. He was educated at Magdalen Hall. Oxford, but was re- moved to Queen's College by the Parliamentary Visitors mory : « Qtrtwright. rare Cartwright. to whom all must bow, That was best preacher, and best poet too ; Whose learned fancy never was at rest. But ;ilways labouring, yet laboured least." — John Leigh. *' His style so pleases the judicious Gown, As that there's something too for Wits o' th' town : Rough-handed Critics do approve, and yet 'Tis treasure for the Ladies cabinet." — Ralph BATHtntST. " Cartwright is the utmost man can come to." — Da. Eell, Bishop of Oxfiml. See also Mayne's and Stapylton'e lines. " aiy son Cartwright writes all like a man." — Ben. Jonson. " He was another Tnlly and Virgil, as being most excellent for oratory and poetry, in which faculties, as also in the Greek tongue, he was so full and absolute, that those who knew him best, knew not in which he most excelled. ... If the wits read his poems, di- vines his sermons, and philosophers his lectures on Aristotle's metaphysics, they would scarce believe that he died at a little above thirty years of age."— Asthoxt Wood. " He was extremely remarkatde both for his outward and inward endowments, — ins body being as handsome as his soul. . . . Hewaa an excellent ur;itnr. aiVl vet an adioir;iIile poet,— a quality which Cicero witli all Ins jiiiin- culii imt attain to." — Gerard Laxgbaine. Cartwriglit, William. Stem. graphy,Lon.,16i2,12mo. Cartwright, Rev. William. Seasons of Life; a Poem, 17S6, 8vo. Carus, William, Canon of Winchester. Sermon, 1 Tim. iv. 16, Camb., 1845, 8vo. Memoirs of the Life of Charles Simeon ; with a Selection from his Writings and Correspondence. Lon.. 1847, 8vo. Carvalho, S. N., of Baltimore, accompanied Col. Fremont in one of his exjdoring-tours. Perilous Adven- tures in the Far West, N. York, 1856, 12mo. Carve, Thomas, Tipperariensis, a priest, Apos- tolic Notary, and Vicar-Chor.al of St. Stephen's, b. 1690, living in 1072. when he pub. his Responsio Veridica. 1. Itincrarivm, (Pars I.,) Mogunt, 1639, 18mo, Editio tertia auctior correctior, 1640, ISmo. Pars II,, 1641, ISmo. Pars III., Spir.Tj, 1646, 18mo. The Itinerarium was also pub. in German. 1640, 18mo. 2. Rerum Germanicum, 1617-41,8.;.; 1641. 12mo. 3. Lyra, sen AnacephaUcosis Hibernica, Ac, Vienna', Austria-, (1051,) 4to. Editio se- cunda, Sul-ibaci, 1666, 4to. Nicolson says that the first ed. was in 1060. 4. Responsio Veridica ad illotum Libcl- lum, Solisbaci, 1672, ISmo. See an account of Curve's very rare works in Bibliotheca Grcnvilliana, vol. i. 1 IS- 119. See also Bp. Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib., ed. 1770, 9. Carver, J. Treatise on Arithmetic, 1815. Carver, Capt. Jonathan, 1732-1780, a native of Stillwater, Connecticut, commanded a company in the French War. He travelled 7000 miles, being absent two years and five months, through the interior portions of North America, with a design to the public benefit. In 1778 he pub. Travels through the interior p.arts of North Americainthe years 1706. '67, and '68, Lon.. 8vo ; 3d edit., 1049; Prebendary of Durham. 1672; Dean of Ripon, ! with an account of his Lite by Dr. Letlsom. Lon., li 81. Svo. He was one of the Com- I He died in great poverty, and it was owing to Dr. Lettsoni s account of his sufferings and ill-reqnited labours tor tlie English government.that the Literary Fund was establi.shed. Carver also pub. A Treatise on the Culture of the Tobacco Plant, Lon., 1779, 8vo. The New Universal Traveller, Lon., 1779, fol. This is not his production, but ho is said 1677; Bishop of Chester, 1686, missioners in the attempt made by James II. to control the President and Fellows of Magdalen College. Sermons, Speech, Ac, 1662-87. We can say nothing in commendation of Bishop Cart- wright. 350 CAR to hare lent his name to it An edit, of his Travels was pub. at Boston in 1797. "Tbere is murh inforitiation in this work respecting th-it part of AmeriL-a which h-ts lately attracted so much attention from its Ticinity to the supposed northwest passage: it is in all other re- spect s. except natural history, an interesting and instructive work." .— iS'ci'f »,'ub. anon, in the Old London JMagazine. Mr. C. also edited the poetical works of Pope, Cowper. Milton, Thomson, and Young. In 1847 (2 vols. p. Svo) his son. Rev. Henrt Cary, {ante with whom we are acquainted, Mr. Cary is the most successful; and we cannot but consider his work asa great acquisition to the English reader. It is executed with a fidelity almost without example." — Edin. Jfeview. No. 5S. ■■ Mr. Cary's translation — the Ijest we have ever read of any work." — Lon. Qitarierhj I\'tv)ew,Jtdy, 1S23. " Cary's version of Dante is universally allowed to be one of the most masterly productions of modern times." " A translation of magnitude and difficulty, executed with pei^ feet fidelity and admirable skill."— Sodphey. With Cary's trans., nnd Flaxman's Designs, the reader may consider himself in possession of a treasure. '■'Mi-. Flaxman has translated Dante best, for he has transLated it into the universal language of X.ature." As to the great poet himself, nothing need here he said : — let timid young poets beware of him, for " Shelley always says, that reading Dante is unfavourable to writing, from its superiority to all possible compositions." — Byron, " That wise poet of Florence, bight Dant ."—Chaucer. Cary, Henry Ijucius, third Viscount Falkland, was the only son of Lucius Cary, the great Lord Falkland, d. 1663, wrote The Marriage Night; a Play, Lon., 1664, 4to; erroneously ascribed by Wood to his lordship's son. '* Being brought early into the House of Commons, and a grave senator objecting to his" youth, and to his not looking as if he had sowed his wild oats, he replied with great quickness, 'Then I am come to the properest place, where are so many geese to pick them up.' " — Horace AValpole. " lie was a man of great abilities, and well versed in every kind of literature." — Doniiiaas's Peerage. " His quick and extraordinary parts .and notable spirit perfoi-med much, and promised more." — Lloyd's State Worilties. *' His play contains a great deal of true wit and satire." — Bwff. Dramat. " He was cut off in the prime of his years, and was as much missed when dead as beloved when living : being a person eminent for his extraordinary parts and heroick spirit."— iciiigiwi'/ic's Dram. Poets. Cary, J. VV. Acts of the Apostles, with Notes, Lon., 1842, 18mo. Cary, John. Eights of the Commons, Lon., 1718, Svo. Cary, John, of BristoL Treatises on Political Eco- nomy. Politics, and Trade, 1695-1745, Discourse on Trade and other JIatlers relative to it Lon., 1745, Svo. '' Hiiwev. r little it ilcservtft such an honour, this work was made the f.-on.biti'Ui .if a Fo-n.-b pulilication entitled Kssai Sur L'Etat Du Conunerce D'Angleterre. 2 vols, post Svo, Paris, 1755. "1'he latter, however- contains much additional matter, and is in .all respects a more v.aluable work than that of Cary."— McCoL- LOCH : Ltt. Paid. Econoiiil/. Cary, or Carey, John. New Itinerary through England, Wales, ic, Lon.. 179S, Svo ; 10th edit, 1821, Svo. '■°\ jiopular and highly useful work."— Lowndes. Cary pub. several other topographical works, 17S6-1S01. Cary, Lncius, second Viscount Falkland, b. about 1610. killed at the battle of Newbury. 1643, was a son of Henry, tirst Viscount Falkl.ind. Ho was educated at Trinity College. Dublin, and became distinguished for his nncommon proficiency in classical and general literature. His death at an early age in defence of his sovereign, was greatly lamented. Speeches, 1640, '41. Draft of a Speech of Episcopacy, 1644. Discourse upon the Infallibility of the Church of Rome, 1645, 4to. Holland, a Romish priest, answered this Discourse. A View of some Exceptions made against the Discourse on the Infallibility of the Church of Rome, Oxf, 1646, 4to. Discourse and Reply printed together, 1651, 4to ; with T. White's Answer, Lon., 1660, 4to. A Letter to Mr. F. M., anno 1636; at the end of C. Gatakcr's Answer to Five Copious Question.?, Ac, 1673, 4to. His lordship also wrote some other pieces, po- etical, Ac. Wood savs that it was the current opinion of the Uni- versity of Oxford, that Chillingworth and Falkland had such extraordinary clear reason, that if the great Turk or the Devil were to be converted, they were able to do it Hor.ace Walpole, with his usual pertness, attempts to disparage the ardent eulogies with which Falkland's me- mory was honoured; but Horace was a much better judge of a FaenzaVase ora Poussin landscape tlian of the value of any historical testimony. Hear Lord Clarendon and other good judges : " He was a person of such prodigious parts of ]e.arning and S6l CAR knowledge, of that inestimable sweetness and deliRht in conrcrsa- tien. of so flowinR and ol.liging a liumanity and goodness to man- kind, and of that primitive simplicity and intei;iitv of life, that it there were no other brand upon this odious iind accursed civil war than th.at single loss, it must be most infamous and execrable to all posterity."— Zfistorj/ ./ tlie HebdUrm. " Lord Falkland's usual saving was — * I pity unlearned gentle- men on a rainy day.' " — Llotd, " He was the envy of this age. and will be the wonder of the next."— r/-t>;rf's Epist. Utdic. before the Discourse of IiifalliliiHl!/; 1051. " He was the greatest ornament to our nation that the last age produced."— Ore!. sent.' " — Biographia ; Gr.\xgkr. " Dr. Case ei-ased the ver.ses of his predecessor out of the sign- post, and substituted in their place two of his own, which were as follows: Within this place Lives Doctor Case. He is said to have got more by this distich than Sir. Drvden did by all his works." — Tatter, No. '240. Compendium Anatomicum nova arte institutum, Lon., 1694, '95, 12mo. ; Amst,, 1696, 12mo. It has been ques- tioned whether Case really wrote this work. It espouses the opinion of Harvey and De Graaf as to the generation of quadrupeds and other animals nh oro. The AVords of the Key to Hclmont, Ac, Lon., 1682, 4to. Medical Ex- positor, 1698, 12mo. The Angcliciil Guide, shewing Men and Women their Lot and Chance in this elementary Life, Lon., 1697, Svo. " This is one of the most profound astrological pieces that the world ever saw. The diagrams would probably have puzzled Eu- clid, though he had studied astrology. I have seen the doctor's CAS head pasted into a portfolio, amidst these Btrange diagrams, with the following motto: ' Thron'd in the centre of bis dark designs.' Immediately after the unintelligible hieroglyphic inscribed ' Adam in Paradise,' is this passage, which I have selected as a specimen of the work : " ' Thus Adam was created in that pleasant place Paradise, about the year before Christ 4002. viz.. on April 24. at twelve o'clock, or midnight. Now, this place Paradise is in Mesopotamia, where the pole is elevated 34 deg. 30 min., and the sun riseth IVmr hours sooner than under the elevation of the pole at London.' ' — Gran- ger's Butg. Hist. " The following authentic anecdote of Case was communicated to me by the Hev. Mr. Gosling, in these terms; '■ Dr. Maundy, formerly of Canterbury, told me, that, in his travels abroad, some eminent physician, who had been in England, gave him a token to spend at his return with Dr. Itadcliffe and Dr. Case. They fixed on an evening, and were very merrv. when Dr. Kadcliffe thus began a health : ' Here, brother Case, to all the fools, your patients.' ' I thank you. good brother," replied Case ; ' let me have all the fools, and you are heartily welcome to the rest of the practice.'" — Granger's Jiing. History. Case, Llicila J. B., a native of New Hampshire, is a daughterof Air. Bartlctt, and was married in 18H8 to Mr. E. Case. She is at present a re.sidcntof Cincinnati. Her contributions, both in pro.»e and verse, to periodicals, " have been generally admired." — Woman's Record. Ca.se, R. J, Comment, on Proverbs of Solomon, 1822. 12mo. Case, Thomas, 1509-1682. a Nonconformist divine, student of Christ Church, Oxford, IGlti, was ejected from the living of Erpingham, Norfolk: afterwards Rector of St. Giles in the Fields, Ac. He pub. many sermons, 1611- 70, and was the originator and one of the writers of the celebrated Morning E.-!ercise.s, at Cripplegate, St. Giles in the Fields, and Southwark, Lon., 1677-90, 6 vols. Ito; new edit., by Jame.? Nichols, Lon., 1846, 8vo. "In fine, the six volumes will give you such a variety, both of matters and of talents, that I could wish you not to be without them." — Dr. Cotton .M.ather. Case, Rev. Wheeler. Poems, &c., N. Haven, 1778. Revolutionary Memorials j embracing Poems by Rev. W. C, N. York, 18.i2. Case, William. Scrms., Lon., 1616, 4to. Case, William, .Ir. The Minstrel's Youth: with other Poems, l.sul, 12mo. Pictures of British Female Poesy. 1803, 12mo. Casino. A Mock-Heroic Poem, Salisb., 4lo. Casley, David. Report of Committee on Cottonian Library, Ac, with an Appendix, by D. C, Lon., 1732, fol. A Catalogue of the MSS. of the King's Library, an appen- dix to the Cottonian Library; with 150 Specimens of the manner of Writing in different .Ages from the 3d to the 1 5th century. The " MSS. of the King's Library" were a part of the munilicent donation of George II. to the British Museum. It comprises the literary trca.sures collected by the sovereigns of England from the time of Henry VII. The magnificent library of George III., including 80,000 volumes, which cost his ni.qjesty £130,000, was also confer- red upon the nation by George IV. The most important donation to the British Mu.=eum, with the above exception, was the libr.ary of the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville, con- taining 20.240 volumes, which cost upwards of £54.000. and would bring more money at the present period. See Sims's Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, Lon., 1854. We should not omit to mention that Mr. Casley compiled the Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. from 2405" to 5709. Cason, Edmond. Letters rebating to the redemption of the Captives in Algiers, Lon., 1647. Cass, General I.ewis, LL.D., b. October 9, 1782, at Exeter, New Hampshire, was called to the Bar in 1802: elected a member of the Ohio legislature in 1806: served in the war against England 1812-14; appointed Governor of Michigan 1813; which post he held until 1831, when he became Secretary of War, under Gener.al Jackson. In 1S36 he was appointed minister to France, and discharged the duties of this important post until 1842, when he re- quested to be recalled. In 1848 he was a candidate for the Presidency of the United States, and received the elector.al votes of half the States of the Union. In the hall of the Senate at Washington General Cass long held a com- manding influence. In 1857 he was appointed Secre- tary of Stale of the United States. As a writer, he is entitled to no ordinary commendation. Specimens of his style and argumentative powers may be seen in his In- quiries respecting the History, Traditions, Languages, g. Brit. It was a happy thing that the good old man never saw that sight ! To Dr. Lightfoot's assistance he was greatly indebted. Whilst preparing this work, Castell maintained in his own house and at his own expense seven Englishmen and seven foreigners as writers; all of whom died before the work was completed. His reference to his desolate situation and ill-requited labours at the end of the third page of the Pre- face, is truly afi'ecting: '• Socios quidem babui hoc opere. sed peresiguo tempore mecum in illo commorantes, nescio an dicam. immensitate laboris plane exteritos. Per pleures annos. jam jetate provectus. et una cum - patrimonio satis competenti. exhaustis etiam animi viribus, oculis caligantibus. corporis variis in hoc opere confractis. et dislocatis membris, relictus sum solus, sine amanuensi, aut vel correctore ullo." So industrious an author was Castell, that he informs us, " I considered that day as idle and dis.satisfactory in which I did not toil sixteen or eighteen hours either at the Polyglot or Lexicon." Mr. Disraeli, referring to Castell's sad experience, de- clares that " all the publishers of Polyglots have been ruined." '• 8uch were the melancholy circumstances under which the Lexi- con of Castell was composed; a work which has long challenged 3i3 CAS thP admiration, and defied the eompetition, of foreigners; and whiih, nith the great Polyjrlot of Walton, its inseparaUe and in- valuable eompanion, has raised an eternal monument of literary fame." — JH'jiiiti's Greek and Lalin Cliysics. " It is probably the greatest and most perfect work of the k:nd ever performed by human industry and learning." — Dr. Clark e. Seo Dibdin's Greek and Latin Classics ; Home's Intro- duc. to the Scriptures ; Orme's Bibl. Bib. ; Biog. Brit. Castell, Robert. Villas of the Ancients, 1728, fol. Castell, William. A Petition e.\hihitcd to the High Court of Parliament, for the Propagating the Gospel in America and the West Indies, and for settling our Colonies there, 16il, 4to. A Short Discoverie of the Coasts of the Continent of America, from the Equinoctiall Northward, and of the Adjacent Isles, Lon., 1644, 4to. See Osburne's Voyages, ii. 733, 1745. Castildine. Annual Tables of the Taxes, 1803, '04, Ac. Castle, George. The Chymical Galenist, Lon., 8vo ; containing Reflections upon March Nudhomo's Medcla Medicine. Castle,WiHiam. Treatise againsttheJesuits,1642,4to. Castlehaveii, James Touchet, Earl of. Baron Audley. Memoirs of his Engagement and Carriage in the Wars of Ireland, lli42-51; 1680, 12mo ; suppressed, and very rare ; 2d edit., enlarged, 1684. " I lay these my Memoirs at vour Majestie's feet, and I pass them on my word not to contain a lie. or a mistake, to my knowledge." —Dedication to Jatnts II., ofterii:ards cancelltd. See a specimen, and a notice, of tracts elicited by this volume iu Park's Walpole's K. and N. Authors ; also see Athen. O.\on. "James, Duke of Ormond, finding himself and his government of Ireland therein reflected uptin with great disadvantage, as he thought, he wrote and published a letter to the Earl of Anglesey, dated at Dublin. Nov. 12, HSl, to yindicate himself. Anglesey thereupon m.ade a reply in another. Ac." — Athen. Oi^m. '■ If this lord, [Castlehaven,] who led a very martial life, had not taken pains to record his own actions, (which however he has done with great frankness and ingenuity,! we should know little of his story, our historians scarce mentioning him."— Horace Walpole. Castlemain, Roger Palmer, Earl of, husband of the infamous Duchess of Cleveland, was ambassador from .James II. to the Pope, of which Embassy an account was pub. by Michael Wright in Italian, Rom., 1687: in English, with addits., Lou., 16S8, fol. "A splendid book." His'lordship pub. several works. An Account of the pre- sent War between the Venidans and the Turks, Lon., 1666, sm. 12mo. " In the dedication he discovers that the Turk is the (Jroat Le- viathan, and that renegades lose their talents for sea affairs."— Horace Walpole. A Short and True Account of the material Passages in the late War between the English and Dutch in the Savoy, 1671, 8vo. Manifesto, 1681, sm. 8vo. This is a defence of himself from TuberviUe's charge that he was concerned in the popish plot. An Apology in behalf of the Papists, 8vo ; reprinted and answered by Dr. Lloyil, Bishop of St. Asaph, Lon., 1667, 4to ; this led to a controversy, which produced several tracts. See Biog. Brit, and Park's Wal- pole's R. and N. Authors. The Compendium ; or a short View of the Trials in relation to the present [Popish] plot, Lon., 1679, 4to. "This piece is ascribed to him. but I cannot affirm it to be of his writing. I believe he wrote other things, but I have not met with them." — Horace Walpole. Castleman, John. Serm., 1744, 4to. Castleman, Richard. His Voyage, Shipwreck, and Miraculous Escape, with a description of Pennsylva- nia, and the City of Philadelphia. This will be found ap- pended to the account of the Voyages and Adventures of Captain Robert Boyle, Lon., 1726, 8vo, pp. 374. " Boyle's narrative is probably a fictitious one ; but that of Castleman bears marks of authenticity. The tatter's visit to Philadelphia took place in 1710. Boyle's Voy-ages have been often reprtuted; but Castleman's relation is only to be found in the early editions."— /I'icA's Bihtiothe'-a Amtriritnn Nnrii. Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Lord Viscount, 1769-1S22, a distinguished statesman. Speeches : viz.. On the Union, Lon., 1800, Svo ; Bullion Committee, 1811, 8vo; R. Catholic Petitions, 1810, Svo; Earl Stanhope's Bill, 1811, Svo. Memoirs and Correspondence, edited by bis brother, the Marquis of Londonderry, Lon., 1848-51, 8 vols. Svo. " This valuable publication gives us a new insight into history. Wo are always thankful to get State Papers at length."— ion. AthenfEum. "The most v.aluable contribution to modern history that we know of Without these n-ronis il is impnssililo for any man to say that up to this moment he lias had the opportunity of know- ing the real history of the Irish Kebelliou and Union." — Lon. Moi-ning Heridd. " .\ work of the highest and most universal interest." — Lon. Morning Chronicle. 354 CAT " The work is equally valuable to the historian and the poli- ticiall."— ,/o/in Bnll. , - ',' I cannot adcfjuatcly express the gratification and interest these papers have atforded me. I consider tbem as invaluable materials for history."— Sir Arcbidald Alison, Castlereagh, Lord- Viscount, Marquis of Londonderry, nephew of the preceding. Narrative of his Journey to Damascus from Egypt, Nubia, Arabia Petra;a, Palestine, and Syria, with illustrations, Lon., 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo. " These volumes are replete with new impressions, and are espe- cially characterized by great power of lively and graphic descrip- tion."— io?i. JVcTO Monthly Mag. " Lord Castlereagb's Journey includes his lordship s voyage up the Nile to the second cataract — his account of the Pyramids, Luxor, I'hila?, Thebes, and all the wonderful monnments of the ancient world accessible to the traveller— his visits to Mount Sinai and other places famous in Biblical history— his descriptions of Bethlehem, Jerusalem, and the sacred localities of Christianity- his characteristic sketches of the modern Egyptians. Arabs. Ai^ meiiians, Jews, Druses, and Turks, and his personal recollections of Mehemet All and the nobles of his Court, the great Sheiks of the Desert, and the Princesses of the Lebanon. To future tourists in the East the work will be extremely valuable."— ion. Globe. Castles, John. Sugar Ants, Phil. Trans., 1790. Castres, Abr. Suppressing Beggary, Lon., 1726, 4to. Castro, Chris. Merchant's Assistant, Lon., 1742, Svo. Casus, John. Seo Case. CasH'all, E. Serms.. Lon., 1S46, Svo. Caswall, George. The Trifler ; a Satire. 1767, 4to. Caswall, Henry. America and the American Church, Lon., p. Svo, 1849. The Prophet of the 19th Century, or the Rise. Ac. of the Mormons or Latter Day Saints, 1.843, p. Svo. City of the Mormons, 12mo, 1842. Mr. Caswall gives an interesting account of the vilest system of consummate hypocrisy, stupid credulity, and disgusting licentiousness, which the present day h.as witnessed. It is to be hoped that the leaders of this wicked delusion— who openly set the laws of God and man at deiiance — will speedily be arrested by that Justice Avhich has too long slumbered. To call such a system as Mormonism a " re- ligion," is something worse than ridiculous. Caswell, John. Mathemat. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1695-170J. Catcott, A. S. Theological treatises. Catcott, Alexander. Eighteen Sermons, Lon., 1752, Svo; 1767, 8vo. Separate Serms., 1736, Ac. A Treatise on the Deluge, Lon., 1762, Svo; 1767, Svo. " This work is framed on the principles of Ilutchioson, and con- tains what the author considers a full explanation of the Scripture history of the flood. . . . Parkhurst speaks very respectfully of it in bis Hebrew Lexicon. Mr. Catcott was the author of several single seriiions : all of tbem strongly marked with the peculiarities of his philii,snpliicu-lliri>l..;iical systom. He also wrote a Latin work Ou till' True and Sacred Philosophy, as lately explained by John Hutchinson, Esii. This has been lately translated, and pub- lished, with notes, &c., by A. Maxwell, Lou., 1821. Svo."— Orme. " Catcott was the most celebrated, next to Spearman, of the Ilutchinsoniau philosophical school." "One of the best of the school of Hutchinson, though he par- took somewh.at of the spirit, and entered into the visions, of his preceptor." — £>//». liei^iew. Catcott, George J., or S. Pen Park Hole, Brist., 1792, Svo; account of a descent into this cavern. Catelinc, Jeremy. Rules, Ac. of the Ordinence of Parliament, 164S, Svo. Cater, Samuel. Apostate Conscience, Lon., 16S3, Svo. Cntcsby, Lady Juliet. Letters to Lady Camply, 17WI. 12nio. Catesby, Mark, 16S0?-1749, an eminent naturalist, resided in Virginia from 1712 to 1719, and on his return to England was persuaded by Sir Hans Sloane and other naturalists to revisit America for the purpose of delineat- ing the botanical and zoological curiosities which he might discover. He arrived at Carolina in 1722, and spent about three years on the Continent, and some time in the Baha- ma Islands; returning to England in 1726. He pub. in numbers, from 1731 to 1748, The Natural History of Caro- lina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, 2 vols. fol. The figures were etched by himself: new edit., revised by (ieorgc Eilwards, 1754, 2 vols, fob; another edit., with a Linniean Index and Appendix, 1771, 2 vols. fol. " In this splendid |>crtoiiiiaiice, the curious are gratified with the figures of many of tbc most beautiful trees, shrubs, and hcrliiccoug plants that adioii Ibi' gai dens of the present time." See Pulteacj's Sketches of Bolany ; liich's Americana Bibliotheca Nova. Ilortus Europoj Americanns, Lon., 1767, fol. (posth.) On Birds of Passage. Vide Phil. Trans., 1747. His name htis been perpetuated by Gronovius in the plant de- nominated Cdlesbtrin. Weston ascribes to him The Prac- tical Farmer, or Herefordshire Husbandman, 12ino. A Plan of an Experimental Farm, Svo. Uniting and Monopo- lizing Farms proved disadvantageous to the Landowners. CAT CAT Cathcart, Hon. George, Major-General, K.C.B., Governor and Ci'iumarnler-in-Cbicf at tlio Otipo of (iuod Hope, b. 1794, third son of the late Earl Cathcart. has served in the army in various parts uf the wiirld, and was aide-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Waterloo. He sailed from England, February 1, 1832, shortly after his appointment, to assume his duties at the Cape of Good Hope. He has lately pub. Commentaries on the War in Russia and Germany, 1812-13. " This humble, but authentic, contribution to the general stock of materials from which historical knowledj^e is to be derived, is otTered as the tt?stimony of an eye-witness of much he has recorded, and one who had peculiar opportunities of correct information re- specting the rest." — Author's Pre/ace. "We owe Colonel Cathcart's solid and unpretending volume a notice. . . . Sound, concise, and pregnant. It seems to us to be equally valuable for its facts and its commentaries." — Z^n. Quart. Jievieio. '• As a treatise on the Science of War, these Commentaries ought to find their way into the hands of every soldier. In them is to be found an accurate record of events of which no military man should be ignorant." — Lo». Morning Chronicle. We have to add to the above that, in Dec, 1853, Major- Gen. Cathcart was appointed Adjutant-General to the Forces, vice Lieut-Gen. Sir George Brown, K.C.B., re- signed. Major-Gen. 0. was one of the first victims to the de- solating spirit of war which raged in the Crimea 1853-55. Cathcart, John. Letter to Admiral Vernon, Lon., 1744, 8vo. Catherall, Samuel. Serm. and other publications, 1692-1721. Catherine Parr, d. 1548, sixth and last consort of Henry VIII., wrote Queen Catherine Parr's Lamentation of a Sinner bewailing the ignorance of her blind Life; found among her papers after her death, and pub. with a preface by Secretary Cecil, (afterwards Lord Burleigh,) Lon.. 1548, and 1563, 8vo. " This was a contrite meditation on the years she had passed in popery, in fasts and pilgiima^es." See \Valpole"s R. k N. Authors. In her lifetime she pub. Prayers or Meditations, wherein the mynd is stirred patiently to suffre all afflictions here, to set at nought the vaine prosperitie of this world, and always to long for the everlastynge felicitee. Collected out of (eertayne) holy woorkes by tlie most virtuous and gracious princessc Katherine, queene of p]nglandc, France, and Irelande. Printed by John Wayland, 1545, 12mo, and 1546, '47, '48, and '63 : these early edits, have been sold for 3 to 7 guineas, according to condition. It was re- pub, by the Keligious Tract Society. Lon., 1S31, c. 64mo, and it will be found in The Writiugs of the British Re- formers, {Lon., 12 vols. 12mo,) vol. xi. Catherwooil, John, M.D. Apoplesia, Lon., 1715, '35, Svo. Cathrall, Isaac, M.D., d. 1819, aged 55, a physician of Philadelphia, studied in that city, and in London, Edin- burgh, and Paris. During the prevalence of the yellow fever in Philadelphia, he attended the sick, and even dis- sected those who died of the disease. He died of the apoplexy. Remarks on the Yellow Fever, 1794. An edit, of Buchan's Domestic Medicine, with Notes, 1797. Con. to Annals of Med., Lon., 1798; to Med. Facts, 1800; to Trans. Amer. Philos. Society, {on the Black Vomit,) 18O0. In conjunction with Dr. Carrie, a pamphlet on the Yellow Fever, 1802. " lie was a judicious physician, a skilful anatomist and sur- fjeon ; a man of rigid morality and Inflexible integrity ; and truly estimable in the relations of a son, husband, and Cither." See Thacber^s Med. Iliography. CatJew, Samuel. Theological and Educational works. 17S8-lS0Si. Catley, Ann. Memoirs of, by Miss Ambross, 1790, Svo; another, entitled Life and Memoirs of A. C. sw(ea/i?(o. Catlin, Georgrc, is well known for his eight years' adventures among the North American Indians in his per- severing investigations into the manners and customs of a people who will soon be only known by the records of Mr. Catlin. and gentlemen who have laboured in the same field. Mr. C. took a number of Indians, and many of their national curiosities, with him to Europe, ami at- tracted much attention by his interesting exhibitions. '■The public has fully confirmed the opinion we formerly pro- nounced on Catlin's Indian Gallery, as the most interesting exhi- bition which, iu our recollection, had been opened in London." — Lon. AlhejKTum. Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians, written during Eight Years of Travel and Adventure among the Wildest and most Reraarkal>Io Tribes now existing. With above 300 steel-plate illustrations, taken from the numerous Paint- ings in his Indian Museum, now exhibiting in Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, London, 1841, 2 vols. r. Svo; 5th edit. 1846, £2 2h. " Mr. Catlin is the historian of the Red Races of mankind; of a past world, or at least of a world fast passing away, leaving hardly ~ a trace or wreck behind. Eight years has he devoted to this me- morable task, and with his pen and pen<'il has brought the ex- istence of these wild and uncivilized beings so vividly beffre our eyes, that we seem to have accompanied him in his wanderings, seen them, mixed with them, and impressed the recollection of their forms and features, their costumes, strange customs, feasts, ceremnnies, religious rites, wars, dances, sports, and other modes of lifi'. distinctly upnii our minds. And i1 is impossible not to be led away by liis di'Vuft-d fiilbiisi.ism, ;ind li-'I, like himself, a deep couci-rn Ii>r Ib-'sr n'ii];iiiiiiig rliibhrii nt tbi- jiraiiir and the forest, the last IVagnient ^tfd} iiig nations, and, uilh all the errors of their condition, a splendid variety of the genus Man." — Lon. Literary Gazette. '* A unique work; a book of extraordinary interest and valun; we need not recommend it to the world, for it is beyond all praise." — Lnn. Atlwnfvum. " One of the most valuable books that has appeared in the pre- sent centurv. We predict the greatest success for this work.'" — Lon. rta)i>t' *' A laithful and well-authenticated declaration, not only of a most interesting portion of the globe, as it at present exists, in a state of nature, but of a race of innocent, unoffending men so.. rapidly perishing, that too truly it may be said of them, ' Apparent rari nantes iu gurgite vasto.' " Lrm. Qiiarterlij Rtviexv. The North American Portfolio of Hunting Scenes, and Amusements of the Rocky Mountains and Prairies of America; from Drawings and Notes of the Author, made during Eight Years' Travel amongst Forty-Eight of the Wildest and most Remote Tribes of Savages in North, America, large fol. ; 25 plat«s and 25 pp. of letter-press, £5 5s. ; coloured and mounted, Lon., 1844. Notes of Eight Years' Travel and Residence in Europe with his North American Collection, Lun., 1848, 2 vols. Svo. '•This amusing work contains anecdotes and incidents of the Travels and Adventures of three different parties of American Indians whom the author introduced to the Courts of England, France, and ISelgium."' Catlin, J. J., D.D., of Massachusetts, d. 1826, aged 68. Compendium of the System of Divine Truth, 2d edit., 1825, 12mo. Catlow, Agnes. Popular Field Botany, Lon., 1 6mo ; 3d edit, 1852. "The plants are classed in months, the illustrations are nicely coloured, and the book is altogether an elegant as well as useful present." — lUuslrated London News. " We recommend Miss Catlow's Popular Botany to fevourable notice." — Lon. Gurdevfirs' Chronictc. Popular British Entomology, r. 16mo; 2d edit., 1852. "■Judiciously executed, with excellent figures of the common species, for the use of young beginners." — Annual Address of the President of the Lon. Entomological .Societi/. " A treasure to any one just commencing the study of this fasci- nating science." — Westminst>T and Foreign Quarterly licview. Popular Scripture Zoology, 1852, Svo. '^ A short and clear account of the animals mentioned in the Bible." — Lon. Guardian. Popular Conchology, 1842, fp. Svo. "An admirable little work." — St.Jamfs^s Cfironide, *' A pleasant, useful, and well-illustiated volume."' — Prof. JamC' soil's Phih)Soph. Journal. Drops of Water, 12mo, 1851. '' The plates are scarcely inferior to those of the well-known Ehrenberg." — Liverpool Standard. The Conchologist's Nomenclature, by A. C, assisted by Lovell Reeve, Svo, 1845. Brit. Verteb. Animals, 1845, Svo. " Miss Catlow's abilities as a naturalist, and her tact in popular- izing any subject she undertakes, are too well known to need itera- tion on this occasion." — L(jn. Notes and Queries. Catlyn, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1742, '50: 1. Transit of Mercury over the Disk of the Sun. 2. Oba, of a Lunar Eclipse. Caton,T.Wotte,M.D. Med. treatises. 1807, '08,'ll, '12. Caton, William. Moderatns Inquisitor resolutus, Lon., IGfiO, Svo. .Journal of his Life, 1689, 4to. Cattell, Joseph. Sermons, 1711, '13, Svo. C'attell, Thomas. Assize sermons, 1734, 4to. CalternioIe,Kichard, Vicar of Little Marlow, Bucks. Sermons preached in the District Church of St. Matthew's, Brixt(m, 1832, Svo. "They set forth the doctrines of the rjospel simply and truly, and they give exactly that quiet instruction on ordinary points of divinity which we conceive to be necessary for the Ivind of congre- gation which is always found in or near Lon. Ion, or great towns." — British Magasive. The Book of the Cartoons, Svo. "An elegantly-written volume." — Lon. Sprcfat.vr. The Literature of the Church of England, 2 vols. Svo. A work of great value. The Sacred Classics, 30 vols. 12mo. "Many standard and useful treatises." — Bickf.rsteth. Illustrated Hist, of the Great Civil War of the Times of Charles I. and Cromwell : with 29 engravings from draw- ings by George Cattermole, Lon., lh-16, '52, 2 vols. Svo. 355 CAT CAV "Mr. Cattermole knows well how to cive force to those stirring | movements which were the turnin, 162U, 8vo, has been attributed both to Lord Cavendish and Lord Chandos. " The greatest master of wit. the most exact observer of man- Uind, and the most accurate judge of humour I ever knew."— SuADWELL. , ,_ , ^ J . " Since the time of Augustus, no person better understood dra- matic poetry, nor more generously encouraged poets; so that we may truly call him our Knglish Mseceuas."— iu/ijliume s V-rama- '■ This noble personage was. from his earliest youth, celebrated for his love of the Muses, and had a true taste for the liberal arts." — Bwg. Dratnat. , " Nothing could have tempted him out of those paths of plea- sure which he enjoyed in a full and ample fortune [which he sa- crificed by his loyalty, and lived for a time in extreme poverty] but honour and ambition to serve the king when he saw hmi in distress, and abandoned by most of those who were in the highest decree obliged to him."— Earl of Clarendon. ° "But now behold a nobleman indeed. Such as a w' admire in story when we read." — Flecknoe. " One of the most finished gentlemen, as well as the most dis- tinguished patriot, general, and statesman of his age."— Cibeer. Cavendish, VVilliam, first Duke of Devonshire, 1640-1707, a distinguished statesm.an, also cl.aims place as an author. Speeches, 1680, '81. An Allusion to the Bishop of Camhray'3 Supplement to Homer ; a Poem. An Ode on the Death of Queen Mary. Some Fragments on the Peerage. Most of his writings were printed in an Ap- pendix to the Memoirs of the Cavendishes by Dr. Kennelt. This Is the nobleman who was fined £.30,000 (declared illegal by the House of Lords, and not exacted) for taking Colonel Culpepper by the nose, before the king, leading him into an antechamber, and caning him. '• He was the finest and handsomest gentleman of his time. — Mackat; a crmicmporari/. , , it , ■ a " His gr.ace was a poet, not by genms only, but by learnnig and judgment ; whence Lord Rosco'mmon made him a constant reviser of his poetical productions."— CoUins's Parogi. Dryden is said to have preferred his grace's Ode on the Death of Queen Mary to any one ever written on the same occasion. " lie was the friend and companion, and at the same tmie tne equal of Ormond, Dorset, Koscommon. and .all the noble orn.a- ments of that reign of wit in which he passed his youth."— Dr. Campbell. „ _, " A patriot among the men, a gallant among the ladies. — HO- EiCE Walpole: vidt R. 4 N. Authors. Caverhill, John, M.D., Royal College of Physicians, London. Explanation of the 70 Weeks of Daniel, &c., Lon., 1777, 8vo. ,.. . , " Dr. Caverhill has certainly studied the subject on which he has written with great care, and brought a considerable portion of iearDing to bear upon it."— Oi-me's £iW. Si6. _ The Gout, 1769, Svo. Other profes. treatises, 17b7, '70, '72. Caverley, Sir H. Remarks in his Travels, 1683, fol Caveton, Pet. Junhrigalia. Cavii, Guel. Tidr Cate. Caw, George. Poetical Museum, Hawick, 1784, 18mo. " Many of the border ballads, afterwards published by Sir Wab ter Scott in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, first appeared in this collection." — Lowndes. Cawdray,or Cawdry,Rol»ert. Treasurie or Store- House of Similes, Lon., 1600, 4to, dedicated to Sir John Harrington, &c. Of the Profit and Necessity of Catechis- ing, Lo'n., 1592, 8vo. Cawdrey, or Cawdry, Daniel, d. 1664, a Noncon- formist divine, ejected from his living in Northampton- shire. The Good Man a Public Good, Lon., 1643, 4to. Other theological treatises, 1624-61. Cawdrey, Zacharias. 1. Patronage. 2. Sermon, 1675, '84, 4(0. „ „ , . , Cawdwell, Thomas. A Defence of an Ordained Ministry, against the Brnwnists, Lon., 1724, 4to. Cawley, J. The Nature and Kinds of Simony dis- cussed, Lon.. 1689, 4to. Laws concerning Jesuits, &c., 1. Navigation. 2. Fishery and Cawley, William. 16S0, fol. Cawood, Francis. Manufactures, 1710, '13. Cawood, John, of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, Per- petual Curate of Bewdlcy, Worcestershire. The Church of England and Dissent; '2d edit., Lon., 1831, 12mo, mons, 1S42, 2 vols. Svo. " Forcible, impressive, and evangelical."— Bickersteth. Cawte, R. Academic Lessons, 1786, 8vo. 358 Ser- CAX Cawthorn, James, 1719-1761, an English divine anU-i.uet. was matriculated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, in 1758. The Perjured Lover, 1736. Abelard to Eloisa, 1746. Sermons, 1745, '48. An edit, of his poems was pub. in 1771, Svo. ■■As a poet he displays considerable variety of power, but pei^ baps he is rather to be placed among the ethical versifiers, than ranked with those who have attempted with success the higher tiiu'hts of genius. As an imitator of Pope, he is superior to most of "those who have fi'imcd themselves in that school." Cawton, Thomas, 1605-1659, a learned Puritan divine, a native of Norfolk, England, studied at Queen's College, Cambridge. He was skilled in Oriental learning, and assisted Brian Walton in the Polyglot Bible, and Castell in the Polyglot Lexicon. Serm., 1662. His Life, by his son, and Serm. by the father, 1664, '75, Svo. Cawton, Thomas,' 1637-1677, son of the above, also a learned Orientalist, studied at Merton College, Oxford, at Rotterdam, and Utrecht. Disputatio de Versione Sy- riaca Vet. et Novi Tcstamenti, Ultraj., 1657, 4to. Disser- tatio de usu Linguie Hebraica; in Philosophia Theoretica, Ibid., 1657, 4to. , „ ,^ V » "Th-it on the Syriac Scriptures is more valuable, though not more curious, than the one on the Hebrew language. He discusses the Syriac version both of the Old and New Testaments. . . . Leusden speaks in the highest terms of the author's diligence, learning, and extensive acquaintance with the Hebrew and its cognate dialects. Chaldaic. Svriac, and Arabic. It is gratifying to perceive, that these branches of biblical literature are again reviv- ing in both parts of the island." — Orvie^s Bihl. Bib. Wood acknowledges that Hurst's eulogy on Cawton was well deserved. , „, , , Caxton,William,1412?-1492, a native of the Weald of Kent, is entitled to the lasting gratitude of posterity as the introducer of the art of printing into England. At the age of 15 he was apprenticed to a mercer in London, Robert Large, created Lord Mayor in 1439, who, on his death in 1441, left his apprentice the handsome legacy of 34 marks. Caxton left home for the Continent in 1442, acting according to most authorities as commercial agent for the Mercers' Company of London. Mr. Oldys remarks : ■•It is agreed on by those writers who have best acquainted themselves^with his story, he was deputed and intrusted by the Mercers' Company to be their agent or factor in Holland, Zealand, Flanders, ic, to establish and enlarge their correspondence, nego- elate the consumption of our own, and importation of foreign, manufactures, and otherwise promote the advantage of the said corporation in their respective merchandise." Vide Caxioh in Biog. Brit. Upon this Mr. Knight comments : '■ This indeed is a goodly commission, if we can make out that he received such. . . . The real fact is, that for twenty of those years in which Caxton describes himself as residing in the coun- tries of Brabant. Holland, and Zealand, there was an absolute prohibition on both sides of all commercial intercourse between England and the Duchy of Burgundy, to which these countries were subject; and for nearly the whole period, no tnglish goods were suffered to pass to the continent except through the town of Calais, and ■ in France,' says Caxton, 'I was never.'" — Kmght's Life of aixton. Lon., 1S44, 32nio. In 1464 Edward the Fourth appointed Richard White- hill and William Caxton, still abroad, to be his ambassa- dors and deputies to the Duke of Burgundy, for the ■" pur- pose of confirming an existing treaty of commerce, or, if necessary, for making a new one." In 1466 a treaty was concluded, by which the commercial relations between the two countries, which h.ad been interrupted for twenty years, were restored. Margaret, sister of Edward IV. of Eng- land, was married to Charles, Duke of Burgundy, in 1468 at Bruges, and Caxton, who was then residing in this city, received an appointment — it is not known in what capa- city in the court of the duchess. He became a great favourite with this noble lady, and in the course of con- versation she elicited from Caxton an acknowledgment that " having no great charge or occupation," ho had be- fore her grace's arrival commenced the translation from French into English of the " Recuyell of the Historyes of Xroye" — (by Raonl Ic Fcvre) "for to pass therewith the time." Discouraged with the difficulties attendant upon his task, ho had abiindoned it ; hut his noble mistress made him go for his " five or six cjuires," and submit them to her inspection, and then "commanded me straightly to continue, and make an end of the residue then not trans- lated. Whoso dreadful commandment I durst in no wise disobey." " The translation was begun in Bruges, the 1st of Marche, in the yere 1468, continued in Gaunt, and finished in Colon, the 19th of September, 1471." He then •'deliberated in himself to take the labour in hand of printing it together with the third book of the Destruction of Troye, trans- lated of late by John Lydgate, a monk of Buryc, in Eng- lish ritual." CAX The book was printed; but being tine anno et Inco, the place has been a matter of dispute. Perhaps there is little risk of error in assigning Cologne as the city where, and 1476 as the year in which, this first book in the Eng- lish language saw the light. It has been agreed by many aathoritles that Caxton had previously printed in the Low Countries the original Recueil des Histoires de Troye, (in 1467.) and a Latin Speech by Russell, ambassador of Ed- ward IV. to Charles of Burgundy, (in 1469.) Mr. Knight joins issue with Dibdin, Bryant, HalLam, and others upon this point, and to their works we must refer the curious reader. Ca.xton is supposed to have returned to England about 1474, this being the date of the Game and Play of the Chess, which is presumed to be the first book ever printed in England. Authorities, however, are much at variance in this matter. Raoul le Fevre's Recueil des Histoires de Troye in the French, is by some presumed to be Caxton's first issue in England. Some of his earliest impressions are without date. We have .already referred to the bold assertion of Richard Atkyns, that Frederick Corsellis had published a book in England in 146S. ( Vide Atky.s-s, Rica.iRn.) We need not linger upon a story the details of which never obtained much credence. We now behold the father of English printing installed in his printing-office in Westminster Abbey, and assiduously la- bouring to extend the benefits of the new invention to his grateful countrymen. He was one of the most industrious and indefatigable of men, and literally " died in the har- ness," for (although he printed nothing after 1490) it is believed that he spent some hours of the last day of his life in translating for the press Vita Putrum, or " The righte devout and solitairye lyfe of the anciente or olde holy faders, hermytes, dwellinge in the deserts." He left this world in May or June, 1492, after having zealously served his generation. " Exclusively of the labours attached to the workinR of his press as a new art, our typor^rapher contrived, though wet! stricken in years, to trauslate not fewer than live thousand closely piinti-d folio pages. As a translator, therefore, he ranks among the most laborious, and, I would hope, not the least successful, of his tribe. The foregoing conclusion is the result of a careful enumeration of all the books translated as well as printed by him; which, [the translated books,] if published in the modern fashion, wouJd ex- tend to nearly twenty-five oct.avo volumes!" — Diljdiii'sTypographi- col Antiqmtirs. q. v. See Biog. Brit.; Knight's Life of Caxton; Life of Caxton. pub. by Poc. for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. All of Caxton's impressions are now very valuable. A copy of his first book, and the first printed in English, which had belonged to Elizabeth 6rcy, Queen of Edward IV., produced in the Roxburghe sale, (6:).i0,) £1060 18». This is of course no criterion of the value of ordinary copies ; but an imperfect one of the same work brought at the Lloyd sale, (1469.) £126, and a copy of the Chronycles of Englond was sold by Leigh and Solheby in 1S15 for £105. The number of books printed by Caxton was sixty- four, and we cannot add any thing of more value to this article than a list of the whole, extracted from Dibdin's Typographical Antiquities, Lon., 1810-19, 4 vols. 4to. Alphabetical List of the Books printed by Caxton. with their supposed DEGREES OF R.^RITY : the number 6 beinff the hhhest degree: Date. Deg. of Rarity. Accidence No date 6 jEsop I'lS-l Arthur. Histories of 1485 6 Ballad, Fragment of No date 6 Blanchardin AND Eglantine " 6 BOETItJS " * Book OF Divers Ghostly Matters... " 5 Book OF Good Mansers 1487 4 Book FOR Travellers " 5 Cato Magnus 1483 4 Cato Parvus No date 5 Charles the Great 1485 6 Chastising of Gob's Children No date 4 Chaucer's Book OF Fame " 4 " Canterbury Tales " 5 " " " " 4 " Troilits and Cresside.... " 4 " MinorWorks,withLydgate's" 5 Chess, Game of 1474 5 " " No date 4 Chivalry, Fait of Arms and 1489 4 " Order of 1484 6 Chronicle of England, ic 1480 3 Cordial "SO 4 Craft to Know well to Die 1490 5 CuRiAL OF Alain Chartier No date 6 Dictes of the Philosophers 1477 4 eio Date. Deg. of Rarity. De Fide et Cantu, &o No date 5 DlBECTORlUM SaCEHDOTUM " 5 Doctrinal OF Sapience 1489 4 Edward the Confessor qu? Godfrey of Boulogne 1481 5 GoLDEK Legend 1483 4 Gower's Confessio Amantis 1483 3 HoR.E No date 6 Jason 1475 5 Infancia Salvatoris No date 6 KaTHERINE of SlENNE " 4 Knight of the Tower 1484 4 Liber Festivalis 1483 4 Life of our Lady No date 4 " Saint Wenefrid " 5 Lombardy, History of.. qu.' Lucidaby No date 6 Lvndewood qu? Mirror of the World 1481 4 Ovid's Metamorphoses 14S0 5 Paris and Vienne 1485 6 Pilgrimage of the Soul 1483 4 polychronicon 1482 4 Proverbs OF Pisa 1473 5 Reynard THE Fox 1481 6 Royal Book 1484 4 RussEL, Ob.ation'of No date 6 Siege OF Rhodes " 6 Speculum Vite Christi " 4 Statutes " ^ Troy, Reciteil DES Histoires " 6 " Histories OF 1471 5 TuLLY OF Old Age, Ac 1481 3 Virgil's .Sneid 1490 4 Work of Sapience No date 4 Cay, Dr. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698. Cay, Henry Boult. Abridgt. Public Statutes, from 11th of Goo. II. to 1st Geo. III. inclusive. Lon., fol. This is a supplementary vol. to J. Cay's Abridgt.. (q. v.) Abridgt. of Statutes from Magna Charia to 1st Geo. III.. 1739, 2 vols. fol. ; 2d edit., 1762, 2 vols, fol.; sup. vol., 1766. Cay, John. Abridgt. Public Statutes, )7;. Gent. Slag. "If thou would'st know the vertues of mankind, Read here in one, what thou in all canst find. And go no further: let this circle be Thy universe, though his epitome: — Cecil, the grave, the wise, the great, the good] \S hat is there more that can ennoble blood ?" Ben JmisoiVs Epigrams. Cecil, William. Every Bankrupt his own Lawyer, 1715, Svo, Celer, t. The Censors Censured, Lon., 1698, Svo. Celhcr, Eliz. Malice Defeated, ic, 16S0, '89, 4to. Celsius, Andrew. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1725-36 : Astronomy: Antiquities; the Barometer. Cennick, John, a Calvinistic Methodist, d. 1755. Edward Lee, 1729. Svo, Autobiog., 1745, Svo, Serms., 1762, 2 vols. 12mo; frequently reprinted; last edit., 1852, 12mo. "Great simplicity and zeal."— Dr. E. Wihiams. " Kvangelii-.Tl.'' — Bickerstetm. Cent, Nehem. A Word to L. P. Assembly, Lon., 1650, 4to. Centlivre,Su.sannah, 1667 ?-1722, a dramatic writer of consideralde note in her day, was a daughter of Mr. Freeman, of Lincolnshire. She was thrice married : 1st to a nephew of Sir Stephen Fox; 2dly to Colonel Carrol; and 3dly to Joseph Centlivre, principal cook to Queen Anne. She sometimes appeared upon the stage, but was more successful as a composer. Her wit, beaut.y, and ac- complishments made her a favourite in the literary circles presided over by Steele, Budgell, Rowe, Ac. Her AVorks, with a New Account of her Life, appeared in 1761, 3 vols. 12mo. A listof her 19 plays— among which A Bold Stroke for a Wife and the Perjured Husband— wUl be found in the Biog. Dramatica. " AVe cannot help giving it as our opinion, that if we do not al- low lier to be the very first of our female writers for the stage she h.as but one above her. and may justly be placed next to her pre- decessor m dramatic glory, the great Mrs. Behn."— B%. Ih-amat. Ceolfrid, or Ceolfrith, 642 ?-716. succeeded Benedict Blscop in 690 as Alibot of Wearmouth. His letter ad- dressed to the King of the Picts on the observance of Easter, has been highly commended. " Bale attributes to Ceolfrid, Homilies, Epistles, and other works amongst which one, he says, treated of De sua peregrinatione. Little credit however can be given to this statement, as Bale had evidently not seen the books he describes."— Wright's Biog. Brit. Cetta, John. Tryal of AA'ifchcraft, shewing the true and right method of discovery, 1616, 4lo. Chad, G. W. Revolution in Holland, 1814, Svo. Chaderton, Lawrence, D.D., Urst Master of Ema.- nucl College, Camliridgc, 1546-1640, was educated at Christ's College. He was one of the translators of the CHA CIIA version of the Bible made by order of James T. Sermon, 1578, 16mo. Treatise on Justification ; pub. by A. Tbysius, Prof, of Divinity at Leyden, with other tracts on the same subject. His Life was pub. by AVilliam Dillingham, at Cauil'rid.tce. in 1700. "llf \s;i> J iiKin of acknowledged piety, benevrlencf. and learning." Chadlicet, Thomas. Speech in behalf of the King and PiuliauK-nt, Lon., 1042, 4to. Chadwell, Scripture Concordance, Lon., 1650, 12mo. Satyr to bis Muse. Lc.n.. 1GS2, fob Chadwicli, Daniel. Sermon, Lon., 169S, 12mo. Chadwich, John. Sermon, 161-4, 4to. ChaUwick, Edwin, b. ISOl, near Manchester. Re- port from the Puor-Laiv Commissioners, Luii., 1H42. " A grt'at deal of iiuthentic and very valuable information. . . . The interesting and elaborate report by the same gentleman, on interment in towns, disclost-s some really frightful abuses." — McCtillncli's Lit.of Pulit, Eamomi/. Chadwick, Rev. Jahez, b. 1779, at Lee, Mass. For more than fifty years a pastor in Western N. Y. Two works on Christian "Baptism, 1S32-38. Kew Testament Diet., 1849; a work wliich received high commendation. Chalie. Tiie F-.urth Commandment. 1652. 4to. Chatin^ William. Anecdotes and History of Cran- bonrn t'b;l^e, Lmi.. Svo. C'hafy, John. Fast Sermon, 1757, 8vo. ChatV, William. Sermon, 1803, Svo. Chalenor, Mary. Walter Gray; a Ballad, and other Poems, Lon., 12ino ; 2d ed.. 1843. Poctic;iI Kemains of M. C, 12mo. 1843; and included in 2d edit, of "Walter Gray. "As tliL' simple and s))outaneous effusions of a mind apparently filled with feelings which render the fireside happy, and untinc- tured with atTeciutiun or verbiage, they may with benefit be re- ceived intn the ' happy homes of Euirland.' and offered as a gift to the youthful of both sexes." — iliamhers's Jjim. Jaurnal. "The poems are sweetly natural; and tlnaigh on topics often eung, breathe a tenderness and mclanehirily which are at once sooth- ing and cnnsnlatfiry." — Lon. Literary Gu2ilt,\ Chalford, K. Sermon, Oxf.. 1644. 4to. Chalk, Eliza. A Peep into Architecture, Lon., 16mo; 2d ed., 1848. '■What has been done by Mrs. Chalk is simply, unaffectedly, and Well written. Most of the principal details nf Church Archi- tecture and ornaments are briefly explained iii lanL'uaL'e divested of technical charactA?rs; and the neat lithographic illustrations are decidedly well chosen, and correctly delineated." — 3x!eswlnQ7St. "It traces the history of Architecture from the earliest times." —Tlu: Bwlder. " A nu'rilorious attempt — pleasingly written." — Lon. Aihmceum. ChalkhilU .John, is a name prefi.xed by Izaak Walton to a work ])uli. by him in 1683, entitled Thealma and Clearchus : A Pastoral History in smooth and easie verse. Walton speaks of Chalkhill as the Friend and "Acquaint- ance of Edmund Spenser," but as there is no other evidence of the existence of such a friend of the author of the Faery Queen, (for the Winchester Cathedral Chalkhill cannot be the poet wanted.) some critics have considered Chalkhill as only a vom de phmie, and believe Walton to be the au- thor of the Pastoral History. See this question discussed in Mr. Singer's reprint of Thealma and Cle.archus in an article in the Lon. Retrospective Review, iv. 2;i0. 1821, and in Beloe's Anecdotes, i. 69-74. Those who have confidence in Izaak's veracity, when they read the followinf; positive assertions, may feel inclined to range themselves on the side of Chalkhill believers: " He was in his time a man prenerally known, and as well be- loved: for he was humble and obli;j;infi in his hi-haviour; a gentle- man, a scholar, very innocent and prudent ; and, indeed, his whole life was useful, quiet, and virtuous." '■ The versification of Thealma and Clearchus is extremely sweet and equable. Occisiunally harsh lines and unlicensed rhymes occur; but they are only exceptions to the general style of the poem, — the errors of liaste or negligence." — Loji. Kdroap. /^eii.,1821. Chalkey, Thomas, d. 1749, whilst on a missionary- visit at the isle of Turtola, came from England to Penn- sylvania in 17U1, and resided chiefly in this State for the rest of his life. His Journal, and a cuUection of his writ- ings, were pub. at Phila., 1747 ; Lon., 1751; N.Y., 1808. " He was a man of many virtues." See Proud's Hist., i. 403. Challen, Rev. James, b. at Hackensaek. N.Jersey,- a publisher in Philadelphia. 1. The Cave of Machpelah, and other Poems, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 2. The Gospel and its Elements. 3. Christian Evidences. Challice, A. E. The Village School F^te, Lon., 12mo. "Considered as a religious tale, the story is well contrived, and there is with it a better knowledge of the world than is often found in serinns novels." — Lfm. Spectator. Challoner, Richard, D.D., Bishop of Debra, 1691- 1781, a native of Lewes, Sussex, studied at the English R. C. College at Duuay, and embraced the Roman Catho- lic religion. In 17?-i) he returned to England, and pub. an answer to Middleton's Letter from Rome, for which he was denounced as an enemy to his country, and obliged to abscond. In 1741 he was made titulary Bishop of Lon- don and Snlisbury, and Vicar Apostolic of the Metrepoli- tan District. Church History, 1737. 3 vols. fol. Britan- nia Saneta, Lon., 1745, fol. A IVIauual of Prayers and other Christian Devotions, revised liy K. C, 1819, 18mo. Grounds of the Catholic Doctrine, 13th edit., 1828, ISmo. A Popular Tract. Memoirs of Missionary Priests, and others of both Sexes, who sufiered on Account of their Re- ligion from 1577 to 1688, Mauchest., 1803. Spirit of Dis- senting Teachers. Grounds of the Old Religion. Unerr- ing Authority of the Catholic Church. A Caveat ngainst Methodism. Meditations for every Day in the Year. Der- by, 1843, 2 vols. 24mo. A repub. of Gother's Papist Misre- presented and Represented; 26th edit., Lou.. 1825, 18nio, a popular R. C. tract. Life of Richard Challoner, by James Barnard, Lon., 1784. 8vo. Chalmers. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1750. Chalmers, Alexander, 1759-1834. a native of Aber- deen, where his father was a printer, received a good clas- sical and medical education. He came to London about 1777, and found literary euiphiyment as a contributor to St. James's Chronicle. The Morning Chronicle. The Morn- ing Herald, and the Critical and Analytical Reviews. A Continuation of the History of England, in Letters, 1793, 2 vols. ; 1798 ; 1803 ; 1821. Glossary to Shakspeare, 1797. Sketch of the Isle of "Wight, 1798. Barclay's English Dictionary. The British Essayist, 1843, 45 vols. 12mo: commencing with The Tatler, and ending with The Ob- server; with Prefaces, Hist., and Biog., and collated with the original editions; again pub. in 1808 and in 1823, 38 vols. 18mo. The Spectator, Tatler, and Guardian in 1S22, 12 vols. Svo. "The long series of periodical works, which, from the days of Addison to those of Mackenzie, have enriched our literatui-e with so many effusions of genius, humour, wit, and learning." — Sir Waltee Scott. "As we read in these delightful volumes of the ' Tatler' and ' Spectator.' the past age returns — the Kngland of our ancestors is revivified. The May I'ole rises again in the Strand, in London — the beaux are gathering in the Coffee Houses. The footmen are run- ning with links before chariots, or tightiug round the theatre doors, Ac."— Thackeray. In 1809 he pub. an edition of Shakspeare with Hist, and Explanatory Notes from the most eminent Commentators, &c. ; from Steevens, &.c. ; again, 1812 and 1845, 8 vols. Svo. We quote an opinion without comment : " This is, unquestionaVily, the most desir.^I>le edition for all who desire to enjoy their author, without having theij- attention drawn from him every moment to the putty squabbles of his parasitical commentators." Works of the English Poets from Chaucer to Cowpcr; with Johnson's Lives, and additional Lives, by A. C. 1810, 21 vols. r. Svo, £25. History of the Colleges, Halls, and Public Buildings attached to the University of Oxford, in- cluding the Lives of the Founders, 1810, 2 vols. Svo. " This work contains much information which will be useful and amusing to the generality of readers, and which could not be procured, except in works which are now become both scarce and expensive." — L. Chalmers, Lt. Chas. Polit. Pamphlets, 1706-1S02. Chalmers, David. See Chambers. Chalmers, George, 1742-1825, a native ofFochabers, Scotland, was educated at King's College. Old Aberdeen. After devoting some time to the study of the l:iw, he emi- grated to Maryland, and practised in the colonial courts 361 CHA for ten years. The American struggle for independence, to wWeh he was opposed, proving successful, he returned to England, and his loyalty was rewarded in lih6 bya clerkship in the hoard of trade, which he retained until his death He puh. a numher of political, historical, biogra- phical, and miscellaneous works, some of which we notice. A Cllectiou of Treaties between Ureal Britain and oilier Powers. Lon., 1750, 2 vols. 8vo ; and UaU. Political An- nals of the Present United Colonies, Book 1, to lOSb, llbU, ,4to ; all published. Repub., with addils., Inlroduc. to the Hist., Ac, Host., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. , j ,„ t» ■• Vou will sometimes see the work of Chalmers referred to. It is an immense, heavy, tedious hook, to explain the legal histoi-y of the different colonies of America. It should be consulted on all such points. But it is impossible to read it. The leaves, however should be turned over, for curious particulars often o''™;- »"<^^ °? nature ofthefirstsettk.ment.andorii;iuallawsofc*;h colony should be known. The last chapter, indeed, ought to be read, the right to tax the colonies became a great point of dispute. Chalmers means to show that the sovoreisnty of the British Parliament ex- isted over America, because the settlers, thoush emi-rants, were still English subjects and members of the empire. —FtuJ. t^mym s Ltd. on'UM. Hist. , Lord Sheffield's Observations on tho Commerce of the American Stales were pub. in 1784. An Estimate of the Comparative Strength of Great Britain during the next and four preceding Keigns, ic, 1782, 4to ; 1794 1802 ; new edit , corrected and continued to 1810; IblO, 2 vols. 8vo. '• Written to dispel the gloomy apprehensions of those who sup- nosed that the country was in a ruined state at the close of the American war; and it successfully accomplished its object. — McCuLLOCH. „ T^ , ,. T J Opinions on Interesting Subjects of Public Laws and Commercial Policy, arising frcm American Ind. dependence, 1784, 8vo. Apology for the Believers of the Shakspeare Papers, 1797, Svo. Supplementary Apology, 179U, 8vo. Appendix, 1800, Svo. . „ , „ "Indispensably necessary to every Shakspearian collector. — LOWNOES. m, . 1. Life of Thomas Buddiman, 1794, Svo. Tho Appendix contains a v.aluable chronological list of early English newspapers, and other interesting matter. Life of Sir David Lyndsay, and a Glossary of his Poetical Works, 1806, 3 vols. Svo. " Mr. Chalmers has here given a much-improved and excelleiit edition of the works of Sir David Lyndsay. His publication is entitled to the highest commendation."— /?iMi«'s Library Compnninn. Will it be thought impertinent in an American to urge one of the Literary Clubs, which do such credit to Great Britain, to worthily distinguish itself by publishing tho remaining MSS. of this great work? Chalmers, James, D.P. Sermon, 1714, 4to. Chalmers, Lionel, M.D., 1715?-1777, a native of Scotland, emigrated to South Carolina, where he practised medicine for more than 40 years. Essay on Fevers, Lon., 1768, Svo. The Weather and Diseases of S. Carolina, Lon., 1776, 2 vols. Svo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ii"|. Chalmers, Robert. SermoDs. Edin., 1798. Chalmers, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., and member of the Royal Institute of France, 1780-1847, the most emi- nent Scottish divine of his day, was a native of Austru- 362 CHA ther, Fifeshire. He entered the University of St. An- arcr's in 1791. Selecting tho ministry as his profession, ho was ordained in the Church of Scotland, and officiated as assistant minister in the parish of Cavers, from whence ho removed to Kilmany, in Fifeshire, and in 1814 to the Tron Church of Glasgow, where he speedily become cele- brated as the most eloquent preacher of his day. The ar- ticle Christianity, contributed to Sir David Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaidia, and since pub. in book form, added to the evidences of the writer's eminent abilities. In 1817 he pub. his Discourses on Astronomy; in 1818 his Commercial Discourses; in 1819 and 1820 appeared the Occasional Discourses, and in 1821 (1821-26, 3 vols. Svo) he gave to the world The Civic and Christian Economy of Lar^e Towns. Mr. McCuUoch thus notices this work : "llr Chalmers is a zealous, or rather a fanatii-al. opponent of pooiMaws. His projects for providing for the support of the poor, w ilhnut resorting to a compulsory provision, which he regards as one of the Greatest possible evils, are developed in this work. But while we admit the goodness of his intentions, nothing, as it ap- pears to us, can be more futile and visionary than his schemes; more inconsistent with principle, experience, and common sense. — Lit. of Polit. Ecrmomy. In 1824 he was appointed to the Professorship of Moral Philosophy in the University of St. Andrew's. Whilst thus settled he pub. his works on Endowments, his Bridge- water Treatise, the Lectures on tho Romans, and his Poli- tical Economy in connexion with the Moral Stale and Moinl Prospects of Society, (Glasgow, 1832, Svo.) This work also incurs the censure of the celebrated critic whom we have just quoted : " The principles which pervade the work are mostly borrowed from the Economists and Mr. Malthas; and are frequently either wholly unsound, or carried to such an extreme as to become inap- plieable and absurd. It, however, contains some ingenious dis- qui'sitions. It was reviewed in the Kdinburgb Keview. (vol. Ivi. pp 62-72.) Dr. Chalmers replied to the reviewers in a pamphlet, in which he ineffectually endeavoured to vindicate bis doctrines fiom the objections urged agaiust them." — McCuUoch's Lit. of Pol. Eeonom i/. In 1828 he was removed to the Chair of Theology in the University of Edinburgh, " the highest academical dis- tinction which could be bestowed." Dr. Chalmers was the principal leader of tho seceding party in the difBcultics which resulted in the disruption of the Church of Scotland in 1843. Resigning his pro- fessor's ch.air in tho lliiivcr.sily of Edinburgh, he was elected principal .and priraarius Professor of Theology to the seceding body. The degree of LL.D. conferred by tho University of Oxford, and election as a corresponding member of tho Royal Institute of France — " honours never before accorderl to a Presbyterian divine, and seldom to a Scotsman" — are striking evidences of the esteem in which this eminent man was held by the most learned judges of literary merit. On the evening of Sunday, May 30, 1847, Dr. Chalmers retired to rest "apparently in perfect health, and died calmly during the night, the bed- clothes being found undisturbed about his person." He left a widow and six children — one married to the Rev. Dr. Hanna of Stirling, an author .and editor of the North British Review, who has since pub. Dr. C.'s posthumous works, and Memoirs of his Life and Writings. See Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1847, to which we are indebted for many of tho above facts. The writings of Dr. C. were pub. by Messrs. Thomas Constable & Co., Edinburgh, in the fol- lowing order : Worl-s : 25 viih. 12mo. Vols. 1, 2. Natural Theology. " 3, 4. Christian Evidences. " 5. Moral Philosophy. 'I 6. Commercial Discourses, " 7. Astronomical Discourses. " 8, 9, 10. Congregational Sermons. '•' 11. Sermons on Public Occasions. " 12. Tracts and Essays. " 13. Introductory Essays to Select Authors. " 14, 15, 16. Polity of Nations. " 17. Church Establishments. " 18. Church Extension. " 19, 20. Political Economy. " 21. Parochial System. " 22, 23, 24, 25. Lectures on the Romans. Poslhumoiie Works; edited by the Rev. Dr. Hanna, 9 voU. 8ro., 1847-49. Daily Scripture Readings, 3 vols. S.abbath Scripture Readings, 2 vids. Sermons Illustrative of Different Stages in His Minis- try, 1 vol. "This volume of the Posthumous Works of the great Scottish divine has a distinct utility of its own. These discourses extend CHA CHA over a period of nearly fifty years; they mark the ripening of a ruiud Liii:j,iii!illy fertile, and the purfectiog of an floiiuence Ibrcitile froui its i-ailirst (■iritit; but they are still morn inturesting to the miuistei- ;ind tin- rLtiiiious inquiier, as showing not an education but a iv;^t.'ueiatiMii uf the spiritual nature; not a completion, but a roluruiatiou, of buliel on the great evangelical articles of our fiiith. ■ — UlitchiiKin. Institutes of Theology, 2 vols. ** lu 1S41 Dr. Chalmers tommenced rewriting and remoulding his Tbeologicai Lectures into the furm of a cumplt^te and compre- hensive Treatise on t^ystematic Divinity. To this work all his leisure time was given. !Noue of his published writings received laigei'. il SI) large, a measure of the author's care and thought iu their preparation. lie looked forward to it himself, when com- pleted, as his largest and most matured contiibutiou to the science of theology ; and he has loft it nearly in the state in which he de- signed to present it to public notice." "A woik worthy of the veteran theologijin and preacher whose masi'uline yet child-like mind lives in its pages. For the spirit it breathes, still more than for the views of truth it exhibits, we de- sire that it may be widely studied among our young preachers and theoIoL;ical students." — Patriot. Prelectious on Butler's Analogy, Ac, 1 vol. " Never did Calvinism appear to greater advantage than in these Prelections. We ivfer not so much to the victorious argument that is wielded in its defence, as to the life our professor breathes into it, and the life that he draws from it. How often is the Kd- wardean Calvinism of the North defended as a system scientific- ally correct, and the argument left there! But the volume before us may convince any one that, rightly interpreted, and savingly experienced — understood in all its parts, and seen in all its rela- tions, it is not more a system of orthodoxy than a source of god- liness.'' — Journal of Piophtcy. '•To commend these works is superfluous: they have met with universal approbation from the British press and public. That the pfiiodi.al press, representing so great a variety of religious and ijtilitical opinions, should have so generally noticed them, and that luowith high commendation, is a circumstance exceedingly rare, if not unparalleled. They have charms for the merely lite- rary man, and they will obtain a hearing for evangelical truth, in quarters fi-om which it would otherwise bo excluded." — Kitto's Journal: Noticf nf thu Posthumous Wvrl.s. In addition to the above, the reader must procure Me- moirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Chalmers. By his son- in-law. the Rev. AVm, Ilanna, LL.D., 4 vols. 8vo, 1849-52, "Dr. Hanna is to be congratulated on the manner in which he has fulfilled the important task on which he has now for several years been engaged. Dr. Chalmers is a man whose life and cha- racter may well engage many writers ; but no one possessed such materials as Dr. Hanna for writing a biography so full and de- tailed as was in this case demanded. The Jour vnjuuics which he has laid before the public are not only an aiiip]>' discharge of his special obligations as regards his splendid snl ject. Ijut iilso a nuich- needed example of the manner in which biographies of this kind, combining original narrative with extracts from wi-itings and cor- respondence, ought to he written." — Lnn. At/ienmum. *' We find that throughout this article, we have been serving Dr. Hanna very much as he has served himself in the course of his labours, in compiling these Memoirs. He, occupied with his great subject, has kept himself out of view: and we. warmed at the same lire, have been almost as forgetful as he himself. But he will have his revenge of us. All the world has read, or will presently be reading, what he has written; and thousands of readers will be grateful to him for what he has done, so well, for their editicatiou and pleasure; or even if they forget to render this deserved tribute, it will be because with them as with us, a Memoir of Chalmers, if worthily compiled, must, in the nature of the case, quite fill the readers thoughts and heart, criticism for- gotten."— Isaac Taylor, ?« /AeiVori/i British RiiviKw. " We lose no time in recommending our readers to procure this hook, which abounds with choice extracts from the earlier corre- spondence of the true-hearted Dr. Chalmers; throwing much light on the progress and development of an intellect destined to exer- cise an iufiuence so important on the Church of his own day, and to transmit to posterity a legacy so precious." — Eclectic Hcview. It were easy to adduce many more testimonies to the Talue of the labours of Dr. Chalmers as a Christinn teacher and a zealous and enlightened philanthropist: — but this article is already long, and three or four more quotations must conclude it : *'To activity and enterprise he has read a new lesson. To dis- interested but far-seeing goodness he has supplied a new motive. To philanthropy he has given new impulse, and to the pulpit new inspiration. And whilst he has added another to the short cata- logue of this world's great men, he has gone up, another and a majestic ou-looker, to the cloud of witnesses."— iWi/i British ^evino. " We meet Br. Chalmers as we should the war-horse in Job. with feelings which almost unfit us for marking his port, or measuring his paces: 'his neck is clothed with thunder; the glory of his nostrils is terrible; he paweth in the valley, and rejniceth in his strength.' Such a champion in the arena of spiiitual warfare ought to be hailed with acclamations, and heralded by every loyal trumpet on the walls of /.ion." — Ojnoregatiorial Magazine,. '■'• Known and prized throughout Europe and America, the works of Dr. Clialnieis have taken that elevated place in our permanent national lit.-ralui-e whirh must always command for them the Btudy and ;idiiiir;itiiin of every person." "As specimens ..f s;icred eloquence, sound philosophy, and as impressive exhibitions of evangelical truth and duty, his works will doubtless be read as long as the Knglish language is under- stood."— Dr. E. Williams. Chalmers, WiUiam, M.D., d. 1702. Con. to Med. Com., 177;^. Chaloner, Etlward, D. D., 1590-1025. educated at Mii^dalen Hall, Oxfonl, became chaplain to James I., and Principal of Alban Hall. Six Sermons, Lun., 1623, Svo. Sermon, 1624, 4to. Six Sermons, Oxf., 1629, 4tn. "Able for the pulpit, and well read in polemical divinity, as some of his lucubratii"'ns shew. There was nothing of his compo- sitiou so mean, which the greatest person did not i alue.'' — Athen. Oxon. Chaloner, James, d. 1661, brother of the preceding, was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. I>c^ciiptiun of the Isle of Man, printed at the end of King's Vale Koyul of Chc.'^hire, Lon., 1656, fol. Chaloner, Thomas, brother of the preceding, waa educated at Exeter College, Oxford. Political Treatises relative to Charles I., Lon., 1646. A true and exact Re- lation of the strange iinding out of Moses his Tomb, in a Valley near unto Mount Nebo in Pulestina, &.C., Lou., 1657, Svo. "This book at its first appearance, made a great noise, and pnsled the Presbyterian rabbles for a time: at length the author thereof being known, and his story found to be a meer sham, the book became ridiculous." — Athcn. Oxon. Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 1559-1615, father of the three preceding, was educated at Magdalen College, Ox- ford. Ho was a great favourite with King James, both before and after Queen Elizabeth's death, and was in- trusted with the education of Prince Henry. A Short Discourse of the most rare and excellent virtue of Nitre, Lon., 15S4, 4to. '' In this he discovers very considerable knowledge of chemistry and mineralogy." Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 1515?-156d, educated at Cambridge, father of the preceding, was sent by Queen Elizabeth as ambassador first to tjlermauj', and subse- quently to Spain. He was distinguished as a soldier, a statesman, and an author. Tbe Office of Servants, from the Latin of Cognatus, Lon., 154.'i. Svo. Trans, from St. Chrysostom, 1544, Svo. Trans, of Moriie Encomium, 1549. In Laudem Henrici Octavi, Ac, 1560, 4to. De Republica Anglorum, A^c. ; libri decem ; i.e. of tbe Keforming or Restoring [right ordering] of the English Republic, 1579, 4to : written during his leisure hours during his Embassy to Spain : " At a time when he spent the winter in a stove, and the sum- mer in a barn." — Preface to the irnrl-. "AVritten in learned and elegant Latin verse." — Wood. Do IHustrium quorundum encomiis Miscellanea, cum Epigramniatibus ne Epitaphiis nonnulHs ; printed with the above. A Little Dictionary for Children. "The most lively imagination, the most solid judgment, the quickest parts, and the most unblemished probity, which are commonly the lot of different men, and when so dispersed fr&- quently create great chamcters, were, which very rarely happens, all united in Sir Thomas Chaloner; justly therefore reputed one of the greatest men of his time." — Biog. Brit.; quoted from Sir William Cecil's Eulogium. Chamber, John, d. 1549. A Treatise against Ju- dicial Astrologie, Lon., 1601, 4to. '• lloughlv handled by [fir Christ. Ileyden in his Defence of Ju- dicial Astrology, [Camb., IGOIJ, 4to."j Astronomiiv? Encomium, Latin and English, 1601, 4to. Chamberlain, David. Counterfeit Money, and Trade, Ac. 1696, 4to. Chamberlain, Chamberlen, Chamberlayne, Hugh, M.D., 1664-1728, known as the inventor of an obstetric forceps, afterwards improved by Smellie and others, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. His extensive practice enabled him to amass a large fortune. Midwife's Practice, Lon., 1665, Svo. Practice of Physick, 1664, 12mo. Trans, of Mauricenus's Midwifery, 1683. Manuale Medicum, 1685, 12mo, Queries relative to the Practice of Physick, 1694, 12nio. Chamberlain, John. Blow at Infidelity, ISOl, Svo. Chamberlain, John. New Testament Church, Lon., ISmo. " A vast deal of useful matter in a small compass." — Baptist Mag.. 4S20. Chamberlain, or Chamberliu, Mason. Poems, ISDO-dl. 8vM. Chamberlain, or Chamberlayne, Robert, b. 1607. Nocturnall Lucubrations; Epigrams and Epitaphs, Lon., 1638, 16mo. Swaggering Damsel, a Comedy, 1640, 4 to. A Pastoral. Chamberlain, Robert. ArithmeticalAYorks, 1679. Chamberlain, Thomas, D.D. Serm., 1730, Svo. Chamberlain, Thomas. A Help to Knowledge, Lon., 1839, 12mo. The Theory of Christian Worship, Svo. " A volume of by no means ordinary sermons." — Guardian. Selected Letters, 12mo. Windsor^ a Poem, 12mo. 363 CHA Chamberlaine, or Chamberlaync, Edward, lf!l6-170;i. a iKitive of Gloucestershire. w;is edufatcd at Oxford. The Present AVar paralleled, 1G47 : 1600, with title slightly altered. England's Wants, 1667. AnMiie Notitia, or the Present State of England, &q., 1668. 8vo ; many edits. ; the first 20 of which were pub. by Edward Ch.amberlaine, and the rest by his son. Several Theolog and Political Works. Chanibprlaine, or Chamberlain, Henry. His- tory and .Survey of Loudon and Wcstiuiustor, Lou., 1769, '70, fol. ' " An inacrur.iff public.ition." — Lowndes. Chamberlaine, Jas. Sacred Poem, Lon., 1686, Svo. Chamberlaine,nrChamberlayne, John, d. 1723, son of Enw.\iii) C'hambrhlaixk. (7...,) was educated at Trin. College, Oxfor.I, aud distingni.-^hcd as a lin-uist. He con- tinued his father's Angliie Notitia. and pub. some trans- lations and other works, of which we notice, A Treasure of Health, from the Italian, Lon., 16S6, Svo. The Eeli"ious Philosopher, from the Dutch of Nieuwentyt, 1718, s'vols. Svo; and Dissertations, 172.3, fol. Of the Notitia, which saw 30 to 40 edits., Mr. McCulloch remarks, referring to the want of good statistical works at that period, '■ Its statistical information is mcigre in the extreme; hut, . . . till the present century, there were none better by which to supel^ Bode it.' — Lit. of P'ilit. Ec'mmny. Chamberlaine, John. Imitations of Original Draw- ings, by Hans Holbein, with Biographical Tracts by Ed- mund Lodge, It numbers pub. at £37 16»., Lon., 1792- 1800, 2 vols., atlas fol. " The binjraphical tracts are derived from no common sources, and exhiliit the recondite research and happiness of display for whi(^h Air. Lnd;,^e is so remarkable." — LoWiVOES. Other publications of Engravings, 1797, fol. Chamberlaine, Joseph. Alm.anac, Lon.,1631,12mo. Chamberlaine, ^fath. Tr.actatus de Literis et Lingua Philosophica. Duld.. 1679. 4to. Chamberlaine, Richard. Coniplcte.Tnstice,1681,Svo. Chamberlaine, Itichard. Lithobolica: Stone- throwing Devil. Lon., 16HS, 4to. Chamberlaine, William, Surgeon. Professional Essays, Lon.. 17S4-1S1.1. Con. to Mem. Med., 1789-99. Chamberlayne, Uarth. Sermons, 1613. Chaniberlayne, Israel, D.D., b. 1795, N. T. The Past and the Future. Australian Captive, Ac. Contributed extensively to various Religious and Temperance Journals. Chamberlayne, Capt. S. E. Court Martial on, 1809. Chamberlayne, or Chamberlain, or Chamber- lane, William, 1619-16S9, a n.ativo of Dorsetshire, was a soldier, physician, and poet. Love's Victory ; a Trai'i- Comedy, Lon.. 1658, 4to. A portion of this appeared on the Stage in 1678. under the title of Wits Led by the Nose, or a Poet's Revenge. Pharronida; a Heroick Poem 1659, Svo. " This Poem, though it hath nothing extraordinary to recom- mend it, yet appeared abroad in Prose, 16S3. under the Title of a Novel called Eromena, or The Noble Stranger."— Lunoiaiiie's Oram. PoiUs. *' Never, perhaps, was so much beautiful design in poetry marred by infelicity of execution : his ruggedness of versification, abrupt transitions, and a style that is at once slovenly and quaint, per- petually interrupt us in enjoying the splendid figures and spirited passions of this romantic tablet, aud makes us catch them only bv glimpses." — Cimciiell. Mr. Campbell exhumed this poet for a season, but he seems to be again "quietly jnurned." " A poet who has told an interesting story in uncouth rhymes, and mingles sublimity of thought and beautv of expression" with the quaintest conceits and most awkward invei-sinns." Southet: noteloJoan of Arc; and see Cens. T.it.; and Itetrosp. Rev. Chamberlen, Hugh, M.D. Papers relating to a Bank of Credit upon Land Security, 1693, 4t.o. The Con- stitution of the Office of Land Credit dechared in a Deed by H. C. and others, Lon.. 1698. 12mo. See McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. 160. A Few Proposals relative to Land Credit. Edin., 1700. 4to. Petition and Proposals, fol. Chamberlen, Paul, M.D. A Philosophical Essay on the celelirated Anodyne Necklace, Lou., 1717, 4to. Chamberlen, Paul. History of the Reign of Queen Anne, Lon., 1738. Hist, and Antifp of the Ancient Egyp- tians, Babylonians, Romans, Assyrians, Medes, Persians, Grecians, and Carthagenians, 1738, fol. Chamberlen, often spelt Chamberlain, Chambbr- LAiNE. CiiAiiBEnLANE, and Chamberlayne; all of which refer to. Chamberlon, Peter, M.D. Theolog. and political works, 11)48-62, Ac. Chambers, C. H. Legal Treatises, Lon., 1819, '23. See Chambers, Sir Eobebt. CHA Chambers, Charles. Account of the Earthquake at Maileira. Phil. Trans.. 1755. tiambcrs, Chambrc, or Chalmers, David, a Scottish historian, judge, and lawyer, 1630-1592. was a native of Ro.ss, and educated in the University of Aberdeen and at Bologna. He travelled i.n the Continent for some time, and returning home in 1556, took holy orders, and was presented to the parish of Suddie, of which he was made Chancellor. He was an adherent of Queen Mary, who in 1564 created him a Lord of Session by the title of Lord Ormond. Ho left home when no longer aide to serve the failing cause of his queen, and died at Paris. He as- sisted in the compilation of the Scottish Act of Parliament, (Black Acts, 1566,) and was employed in digesting the Laws of Scotland. Hist(dre Abregee de tons les Roys de France, Angleterre, et Ecosse, Ac, Paris, 1579, Svo. " The affairs of his own country are his chief subject, and what he had principally in view : and he pretends to give the marrow of whatever had been offered to the world by Veremund. the Black liook of Scone, the old Chronicles of Icoliikil. kc. ^Vhereas, in truth, lioethius is his main author: and the rest are only orna- ments of his preface."— Bishop NicoLSos: ScoUish Hist. Library. La recherche des Singularites plus Remarkables concern- ant le Estat d'Ecosse. Discours de la legitime Succession des Femmes aux Possession de lenr Parens, et du Gouvcrn- ment des Princesses aux Empires et Royaumes. All pub. at Paris, 1679, Svo. Inter soriptores, 16 a Jebb, Lon., 1705 torn. i. p. 1. ' He tells us that the work upon the Succession of Women to the Inheritance of their Parents was written in defence of his Royal Mistress, Queen Mary. Dempster commends him highly ; " Sive Camerarius Abredonensis, in Qallias celebri admodum no- mine vixit; vir multa et variie lectionis. nee inamoeml ingenii "— ^iifc Tl/uctoi.-ic's WriUrsof the Scots Nution; and Vitus in kis Hist. ■■ It appears from his Works that he wasaMan of great lieading a good Divine, an eminent Lawyer, a judicious Historian, a lovii Subject, and well seen in theOrcek. Latin. English. French, Itali.an, and Spanish Languages ; but especiallv. it is much to be admired that he .attained to such Perfection in the Prmch Language, that he made Choice of it to write all his Works in."— Mackenzie, vbi supra. ' Chambers, Ephraim, d. 1740, author of the well- known scientific Dictionary which bears his name, was a native of Kendal. Westmoreland. He was placed with Mr. Senex. a globe-maker, as apprentice, and was encouraged by his master in his taste for scientific investigation. After quitting Mr. Senex, he took chambers at Gray's Inn, (his principal residence for the rest of his life.) and assiduously devoted himself to the preparation of his Dictionary, the first edition of which appeared in 172S. 2 vols, fol., pub. by a subscription of four guineas, with a large list of subscri- bers. The value of Mr. Chambers's labours was handsomely acknowledged, Nov. 6, 1729. by his being elected F.R.S. A second edition, with corrections and additions, was pub. in 173S. Mr. C. had projected a new work, rather than a new edition, and more than twenty sheets on this plan were printed, with the design of publishing a volume yearly until the completion of the whole. But tliis plan was abandoned m consequence of an Act then agitated in Parliament, which contained a clause obliging the publishers of all im- proved editions of books to print their improvements sepa- rately. This Bill passed the Commons, but was negatived in the House of Lords. In 1739 a third edition was called for, a fourth in 1741, and a fifth in 1746. After the edition of 1,46 the work was greatly enlarged ; first by Mr. Scott and Dr. Hill, afterwards by Dr. Rees, Lon., 17S1-S6, 4 vols, fol., £11, or 418 numbers at 6rf. each. In this edition the Supplement, which was pub. Lon., 1755, 2 vols, fol., and modern improvements, were incorporated in one alphabet. Dr. Rees's New Cyclopedia;, 1803-19, 85 parts, 45 vols. 4to, is an invaluable treasury of scientific knowledge. Mr. Chambers was also concerned in the Literary Maga- zine, begun in 1735, and in a trans, and abridgment of The Philosophical History aud Memoirs of the Roval Academy of Sciences at Paris, Ac, 1742, 5 vols. Svo. The following remarks in connexion with Mr. Chambers's great work are not without interest: "While the second edition of Chambers's Cyclopn'dia. the pride of Booksellers, and the honour of the English Nation, was in the press, I lyent to the author, and begged leave to add a single sylla- ble to his magnificent work; and that for Cvclopa-dia. he would writ." /:«( .v,l..|,.-,,,Ha. To talk to the writer of a Dictionary, is like talking t" the wiiterofaM.agazine; everv thing adds to his parcel, I we quote this feelingly!] and, instead of contritiuting one sylla- tt '* ju"^ the occasion of a considerable paragraph. I told'him that the addition of the preposition en made the meaning of the word more precise; that Cyclopaedia might denote the instruction of a circle, as Cyrop,T;dia is the instruction of Cvrus. the 011 in com- position, being twined in 0; but that, if he wrote Kncvclop.-edia it determined it to be from the d,ative of Cyclus, instruction in a CHA CHA circle. T nrped. secondly, that Vossius had observed in his book d»i VUiis Sermoiiis, that ■ Cyclopa-dm was used by some authors, but Enryi'lnpadia by the best.' This deserved some rej!:ard. and he paid to it the best he could : he made an article of his title to jus- tify it." — W. Buwyer: Nic/ivls''s Likrart/ Anecdotes, v. 6G0. Bowyer at one time entertained the idea so happily car- ried out subsequently by Dr. Rees — of an enlargement and improvement of the Cychipajdia — we beg his pardon — £"- cyclopaedia. Mr. Clarke thus refers to it: " Your project of improving and conectinp; Chambers is a veiy good one; but, alas! who can execute it? You should have as many undertakers as profesFi-ms ; nay, perhiips, asmany Antiiiua- ries as there are different branches of antient learuiug.'* — Nichols's Lit. Alter. : ubi sttpra. Chambers, Goo. Treat. ao;ainst Judicial Astrology. Chambers, Humphrey. Serms.. ttc, Lon., UU;i-55. Chambers, J. Harmony of the Gospels, ISl:^, Svo. Chambers, J, D. Legal compilations and Treatises, Lon., lS:i2-42. Chambers, John. History of Malvern, Worcest., 1818, Svii. BiograpliiLal Illustrations of Worcestershire, 18111. Svo. Chambers, Itlariana. He Deceives Himself ; a Do- mestic Tale. 1799, '6 vnl^. 13ino. The School for Friends; Com., 1801. Svo. Ourselves; Com., 1811. Svo. Ch.imbers, Peter. They must needs go that the Devil drives; or, a Whip for Traitors, Lon., 1652, 4to. Chambers, Richard. Petition to Parliament, Lon., lOlli. fnl. Chambers, Richard. Introduction to Arithmetic, 1809. Svo. Chambers, Robert, first confessor to the English Benedictine Nuus at Brussels. Miracles lately wrought by the Intercession of the Virgin Mary at Mont-aigu, Antw., ICllfi. Svo; a trans, from the French. Sernis., Lon., 1620. 4to. Chambers, Robert, See William and Robert CHAMOKftS. Chambers, Sir Robert, 1737-1803, Chief Justice of the Sujireme Court of Judicature in Bengal, a native of Newc;istle-on-Tyae. was educated at the University of Ox- ford, and became a Fellow of University College. In 1762 he succeeded Sir William Blackstone as Vinerian Professor of the Laws of England, and filled the duties of this ro- sponsihle position until 1774, when he sailed for India, where he remained for twenty-five years, returning to Eng- land in 1799. A selection from his lectures delivered at Oxford was pub. in 1824, Svo, (edited by C. II. Chambers.) entitled A Treatise on Estates and Tenures. Chambers, Sabin. The Garden of the Virgin Mary, St. Om., ]:)19, 8vo. Chambers, T. and G. Tattersall. Laws relative to Buildings, etc., with a Glossary, Lnn., 1845, 12mo. Me- tropolitan Building Act, 7 and 8 Viet, c. 84, 1845, 12nio. Mr. C. and A. T. T. Peterson have pub. a Treatise on the Law of Railway Companies, 184S, Svo. Chambers, William, D.D. Scoticanas Ecclesice In- fantia viriiis vEtas Seneetus, Paris, 1643, 4to. Chambers, William and Robert, born at Peebles, Scotland, the first about 1800, the second about 1802, are not only distinguished as eminent public benefactors by their ■wide-spread distribution of vnluable knowledge, but also occupy a highly respectable position in the ranks of authors. Mr. Robert Chambers's first work. The Traditions of Edin- burgh, was pub. in 1824, and met with immediate and de- served success. In 1826 he pub. The Popular Rhymes of Scotland ; in the following year his Picture of Scotland ; and shortly afterwards three volumes of histories of the Scottish Rebellions, two of a Life of James I., and three volumes of Scottish Ballads and Songs. His Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen, in 4 volumes, was com- menced in 1832 and concluded in 1835. This work elicited warm commendation, and added to the reputation of the intelligent author. (Revised ed., 1855, 5 vols. Svo. The 5th vol. is by the Rev. Thomas Thomson.) "There is not a pa^e in the volume that can be pronounced un- worthy of the undertaking; which will form a Standard Work in Ihw Literature of Scotland, and a book of reference in every li- brary throughout the British dominions."— iVctw Monthly Mag. " No Scotsman who has any reverence for the great names that have done honour to Scotland, should be without this work, if he can at all afford to purchase it.'' — Glasgow Free Press. •* It is a standard work, and honouniMe to every library in which it may find a place." — JHetropoh'tan Mug. *- The biographical sketches are executed in the author's happiest manner, — characterized by that unfailing tone of kindness and good-humour which is the finest trait both in his character and writings. . . . His materials are, we know, abundant; consisting not only of collectious which he had for years been silently mak- ing, but also of those whk-h his publishers, unaware of his inten- tions, had accumulated for a similar work." — Edinburgh Literary Journal. In 18.30 Mr. William Chambers gave to the world The Book of Scotland, a general description of the customs, laws, and institutions of that part of the United Kingdom. In 1833 the brothers published a work, the result of their joint labours — A Gazetteer of Scotland. In 1832 William projected the Edinburgh (Weekly) Journal, which imme- diately obtained a circulation of 50,000, and by 1844, when the folio was exchiingcd for the octavo form, 90,000 copies were required to supply the demand. Complete gets of this valuable periodical sometimes occur for sale, and should be procured for the library as a vaUial)le repo- sitory of instructive and entertaining literature. The success of this Journal induced the brothers to enter into partnership. The results of this union are seen in The People's edition of Standard English Authors, the Educa- tional Course, Chambers's Miscellany. Tracts, Papers for the People, Ac. (See Men of the Time, Lon., 1853, to which we are indebted for many of the above facts.) The Select Writings of Robert Chambers have been pub. in 7 vols., the fii'st four of which contain his E.^says. In 1844 Mr. Robert Chambers pub. a work which claims a far higher rank than any preceding comiiilation of the same character. This was A Cyclopaedia of English Lite- rature; A Critical and Biographical History of English Writers in all departments of Literature, illustrated by Specimens of their Writings, 2 vols. r. imp. Svo. It is difficult to speak too highly of the merits of this compre- hensive and judicious work. No less than 832 authors are noticed, and the specimens presented of some of the choicest treasures of English lore enable the reader to im- prove his literary taste while he augments his biographical knowledge. Researches of a similar character may per- haps entitle us to give an opinion in the premises, and we add our testimony to the value of this excellent work, and commend it to the attention of every one who desires an introduction to the English classics. It is well worth four times the trifle which will place it in the reader's posses- sion. In a few years after its appearance, 130,000 copies were sold in England; and there has been a large sale of the American reprint. New cd., with additions, 1858. " From wliat I know of the literary reputation and writings of Mr. Hubert Clianibers, I should be disappointed if he were not qualitied for the task. . . . The work will put the reader in the proper point of view for surveying the whole ground over which he is travelling." — Wiluam II- I'rescott. Information for the People, 2 vols. r. imp. Svo. Also Amer. ed. Nearly 200.000 copies of this work have been sold in Europe and America. Life and Works of Burns. Domestic Annals of Scotland, 1858, 2 vols, demy Svo. William Chambers is the authnr of A Tour in Holland in 1833; Things as They Are in America; Peebles and its Neighbourhood : Improved Dwelling-Houses for the Hum- bler and Other Classes in Cities; American Slavery, &,q. We beg to add upon our own account, that no father of a family, or director of a Li)>rary Company, should be satisfied until the whole of the Messrs. Chambers's publi- cations are procured. We commend to the attention of the reader an excellent article in the Dublin University Magazine, entitled William and Robert Chambers, in which the interesting history of the brothers is sketched with a graphic pencil. They are well described as " Both of tbt-m men of remarkable native power, both of them trained to habits of business and punctuality, both of them up- held in all their dealinf^s by strict prud<.'nce and conscientiousness, and both of them practised, according to their different aims and tendencies, in literary labour." 'Oluch of Robert Chambers's leisure time has been devoted to scientific pursuits, and especially to geology, — the result of which has been given to the public in a handsomely-illustrated volume, entitled Ancient Sea-Margins as illustrative of Changes of the Rblative Level rf Sea and Land.'' It was a noble resolve announced by William Chambers in the opening address of the Edinburgh Journal: '■I see the straight path of moral responsibility before me, and shall, by the blessing of God, adhere to the line of rectitude and duty."' Chambers, Sir William, 1726-1706, an eminent architect, of Scottish parentage — of the family of Chal- mers, of Scotland, Barons of Tartas in France — was born at Stockholm, but sent to England when two years of age. He pub, two volumes of Designs, Ac, 1757, '63, fol. ; a Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, 1774, 4to; and a Treatise on Civil Architecture, 1759, fob; 4th edit., edited by Joseph Gwilt, 1825, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Mr. Pap- worth also has edited this work. "The most sensible book, and the most exempt from prejudices, that ever was written upon that science." — Horace Walpole. The ITeroic Epistle to Sir William Chaml)er9, attributed to Mason, excited much attention at the time of its publi- cation. 365 CHA CHA Chambre, Richard. Sermons, 1710, '11. Chambre, Rowland. Sevmon, 1759, 4to. Chambre, Willelmus de. Historia de Episcopis Dunelmensis, ab anno i;i33 ad annum 1559, cum notis Hen. Wharton. Vide Wharton's Anglia Sacra, (i. 6S9,) Lon., 1691, 2 vols. fol. Chambres, Charles. Sermons, 1715, '22, '29, '33. Chamier, Frederick, Captain, R.N., b. at Londoa in 1796, has written a number of very popular works, which have been complimented by a translation into Ger- man. The Life of a Sailor, 1S34. Ben Brace, 1S35. The Arethusa, 1S36. Jack Adams, 1S38. Tom Bowline, 1839. "One of the most characteristic, spirited, and entertaininf; illus- trations of sea life that our recent literature has furnished." — Xfaval and ilUilary Gantic. *' The Kaval Sketches of Chamier are truths touched slightly by the fingers of fiction." — ALL.i.N Cunningham. Trevor Hastings, 1841. Passion and Principle, 1843. Other works. Captain Chamier was in Paris during the Revolution of 1848, and pub. a Review of the scenes wit- nessed by him, in 2 vols. 8vo. *' A graphic, most excitiug sketch, overflowing with incident and anecdote." — Lon. Atlas. '• Much as we have heard about tbe French Revolution, this dashing account from the pen of an eye-witness of no common talent or powers of description, will gratify no small share of pub- lie curiosity." — Lrm. Literary Gazette. Chamier, John. Weather at Madras, 1787-88. Champney, Anthony. Vocation of Bishops, Douay, 1616, 4to. Champion, Anthony, 1724-25-1801, educated at St. Mary Hall, O.vford, served in two Parliaments, 1754 and 1761. A collection of his Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, English and Latin, was pub. by his friend William Henry, Lord Lyttleton, in 1801, 8vo. '■ From his ^liscellanjes it is discernible that he was a polite scholar, and had many qualities of a poet, but not unmixed with a love for those disgusting images in which Swift delighted." Champion, J. The Progress of Freedom ; a Poem, Lon., 1776, 4lo. Poems imitated from the Persian, 1787, 4to. The Poems of Ferdosi ; trans, from the Persian, 1788, 4to; 1799. " Ferdosi is the Homer, and the Shah Nameh the Iliad, of Persia." Champion, Joseph, b. 1709. at Chatham, was a celel>rated penman. He pub. a number of manuals upon penmanship. 1733-60. Champion, Richard. Reflections on G. Britain, 1787. Svo : its political, commercial, and civil state. Champlin, James Tift, b. 1811, in Connecticut. Gr.iil. Brown Univ. 1834; Prof. Langunpes Waterville Coll. ; a distinguished classical scholar. English Gram- mar. Greek Grammar. Translated and remodelled Kiihner's Latin Grammar; Kiihner's Latin Exercises. Editor of Demosthenes on the Crown ; .^schines on the Crown : Popular Orations of Demosthenes. Review of Grote's Greece, &c. Champney, or Champneis, John. Tbe Harvest, (fee. 1548. 4to ; a religious work. Champney, T. Medical and Chirurgical Reform, 1797. Svo. Chance, Henry. A Treatise on Powers, Lon., 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. Suppl., bringing the Enactments and Cases down to 1841; 1841, 8vo. " It is profound, learned, and practical, more full than Sir E. Sugden's work upon the same subject: and. perhaps, in some in- stances, unnecessarily diffu.se." — MarvWs Legal Bibl. Chancel, A. D. Journey over Europe, Lon., 1714. Svo. Chancy, Charles. His Retraction, Lon., 1641, 4to. Chandler. Debates H. of Lords, 1660-1741. Lon.,1752, 8 vols. ; in H. of Commons, 1660-1741 ; 1752. 14 vols. Chandler, B., M.D. Med. Essays, 1767, '84, Svo. Chandler, Renjamin. 1. Essay. 2. Apology, 1714, 2 vols. Svo. Chandler, Caroline H., a native of Philadelphia, formerly Miss Hieskill, has contributed some poetical pieces to the periodicals. "They evince a warm and impassioned temperament, ardent feelings, aud great poetic sensibility." — Mrs. Hale's }^imans lieeord. Chandler, Edward, D.D., d. 1750; educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge; Bishop of Lichfield. 1717; of Durham, 1730. Sermons pub. separately, 1707, '10, '15, '16, 'IS, '24; a Charge, &c. Defence of Christianity, from the Prophecies of the Old and New Testament ; wherein are considered all the olijcctions against this kind of proof, advanced in a late Disctuirse on the grounds and reasons of the Christian Religion, [by Anthony Collins.] Lon., 1725. Svo. " X very elaborate and learned work, executed with great judg- ment." — Da. LEL-iND. A Vindication of the above work, 1728, 2 vols. 12mo. Chandler, Elizabeth M., 1807-1834, a native of Debiware. Poetical Works and Essays, with a Memoir of her Life and Character. Philadelphia, 1836. Many of Miss C.'s Essays are of a philanthropic character. Chandler, Ellen Louise, b. 1835, a native of Pom- fret, Connecticut, commenced contributing to periodicals when only fifteen years of age. Her first volume. This, That, and the Other, was pub. in May, 1854, and a 2d edi- tion followed in the ensuing August. See Hart's Female Prose Writers of America. Chandler, George, Surgeon. Treatise on a Cataract, Lon.. 175.i, Svo. Trent, on Diseases of the Eye, 1780, Svo. Chandler, George, LL.D., of iSoutbam. Eight Ser- mons at the Bampton Lecture, 1825, O.xf., 1825. Chandler, Henry. Sermons, 1699, 1718, Svo. Chandler, John. Proceeds, agst. Quakers, 1662, 4to. Chandler, John. The Small-Po.\, Lon., 1729, Svo. Chandler, John. A Treatise on a Cold, 1761, Svo. Chandler, John. Coasting Directions, 1778, 4to. Chandler, John. Sir Herljcrt; a Ballad, ISOO, Svo. Chandler, John. Hymns and Sermon, 1837, '39. Chandler, Joseph R., b. 1792, Kingston, Plymouth CO., Mass., for many years a resident of Philadelpbia, and formerly its representative in the National Congress, is a writer of no ordinary merit. As editor of the LTnited States Gazette, he wrote many miscellaneous essays, which elicited general admiration. 1. A Grammar of the English Lan- guage, Phila., 1821, 12mo, pp. ISO; revised ed., 1847, 12mo, pp. 208. 2. Address before the Pennsylvania Peace Society, 1829, Svo. 3. Masonic Discourses, 1844, Svo: delivered whilst Grand-Master of Pennsylvania. 4. Ora- tion before the Society of the Sons of New England in 1845, Svo, 1846. 5. Address before the Franklin Insti- tute, [Phila..] 1847, Svo. 6. Address at the Girard Col- lege in 1848. 7. Social Duties; an Address before the " Girard Brotherhood" of the (iir.ard College, 1855, Svo. 8. Fourth Celebration of the Landing of the Pilgrims of Maryland ; an Oration, 1855, Svo. Also, Speeches de- livered in Congress, pub. separately. Chandler, Mary, 1687-1745, a native of Wiltshire, resided at Bath. Poems, Svo ; several edits. "Mr. I'ope visited her at Bath, and complimented her for her poem on that place. . . . Mrs. Rowe was one of her particular friends." Chandler, Mary G. The Elements of Character, 16mo. Chandler, Peleg W. The Bankrupt Law of the United States, Bost. 1842, 12mo. American Criminal Trials, Bost., 1844, 2 vols. 12mo. Chandler, Richard, D.D., 1738-1810, a native of Hampshire, entered of Queen's College, 0.\ford, in 1755, was sent by the Dilettanti Society in 1764 to travel in Asia Minor and Greece, in company with Revett, the architect, .and Pars, the painter. They returned to England in 1766. The results of their investigations were given to the world by the Society in 1769, fol. ; vol. ii., edited by the Society, 1797, fol., 100 plates and vignettes. In 1774, fol., was pub. Inscriptioncs Antiquce, Ac, which should accompany Grutcr's work. Travels in Asia Minor, 1775. 4to; and in Greece, 1776, 4to, .and in 1817, 2 vols. 4to; and (with a Life of Dr. C.) by Rev. R. Churton, 1835, 2 vols. Svcf; in French, Paris, 1806. " These are valuable travels to the antiquarian. The author, guided by Pausanias (as respects Greece, Sfrabo for that country and Asia Minor.) and Pliny, has described with wonderful accuracy and perspicuity the ruins of the cities of Asia Minor, its temples, theatres, Ac.'' — Slnensem's Hist. 5AWc/i nf Discoverv.N. and C. History of Illiuin or Troy, 1802, 4to. In 1763 he edited the Marmora Oxoniensia, Oxf., fol. ; and left in MS. a Life of William Waynllete, which was pub. in 1811, Svo. Chandler, Samuel. Tbcolog. Discourses,&c.,1691,'99. Chandler, Samuel, D.D., 1693-1756, an eminent Dissenting minister, a native of Berkshire, was educated at an academy at Tewkesbury, and completed his studios at Leyden. In 1716 he took charge of a Presbyterian congregation at Peckham. Having lost his fortune, ho opened a book-store in London, still discharging his minis- terial duties. He was highly esteemed through life for bis learning and piety. Of his many publications, 1722-77, we notice the following: A Vindication of the Christian Religion; in two parts, Lon., 1728, Svo. The first part contains a Discourse on Miracles, the 2d an answer to Tindal's Discourse on the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion. Plain Reasons for being a Christian, 1730, Svo. A Paraphrase and Crit, Comment, on Joel, 1735. 4to. " The criticism is not of a high order, and many important diffl- culticsiu .loci remain untouched." — Obme. " Critical and illustrative."— BiCKHislElll. CHA CHA Br. C. projected a commentary iipnn each of the prn- phetieal liouks. A Vindication of the Hist, of the Old Testa- ment. 1741, 8vo. This was an answer to Morgan's Moral Philosopher. A Critical History of the Life of David, 1766, 2 vols. Svo. (The Review of the History of the Man after God's own Heart was puh. in 1762.) "This very learned and valuable work contains a successful vindication of many parts of David's condnct to which fxceptions have been taken by skeptics and unbelievers. It throws great lio-ht also upon many of thu Psalms, not a few of which are here presented to the reader in a new and iniproved translation." — Dr. E. Williams. "Chandler's Life of David is more critical and sober in judgment than Delany's; but the latter has finer thoughts and more taste. Chandler too much palliates David's crimes." — Bickebsteth. '■ It is the most valuable of all Chandler's productions, abound- ing with solid learning, accurate research, and many important and original views. ... It is very far superior to the work of Delany on the same subject." — Orme : q. v. fur the cause of its pub- lication. '• A book above all praise. It was occasioned by the publication, in 17fi2. of a vile and blasphemous tract entitled The History of the Man after God's own Heart. Dr. Chandler has illustrated many of the Psalms in an admirable manner." — Horne, Sermons, from his MSS. ; with Life, &c. hy Amory, 1768. 4 vols. Svo. *• A vein of goodness and rational piety pervades the whole." — Xo7i. Critical Review. " His practical discourses are excellent: there is such a fulness of thought upon every subject which Dr. Chandler treats as is rarely met with and shows a mind richly furnished." — Lou. Month. Mev. Mr. White pub. in 1777, 4to, from Dr. C.'s MSS., his Paraphrase and Not«s on the Epistles to the Galatians and Ephesians, with a Orit. and Prac. Comment, on the Epistles to the Thessalonians. "The author adheres most closely and constantly to the spirit of the original," Ac. — White. " Dr. Chandler's sentiments were too incorrect on some im- portant subjects to leave him capable of doing full justice to Paul's Epistles. He was an Arian, — the effects of which appear in the unnatural coldness of his style on some of those topics which warmed and elevated the souls of holy men of old, as well aa in his perverted interpretations of various passages." — Orme. See Home's Introduc. ; and Lon. Monthly Rev., O.S., Ivi. 161. "He was not a man of strictly evangelical views; but he pos- sessed great learning, very strong sensf, iiilli.'xiMt.' resolution, and was a zealous advocate of diviue rev*-littinii. His four volumes of Sermons are well worth reading." — Dr. E. Williams. Chandler, Thomas. Vitre Will. Wickhami, Episc. Winti.ini, et Thuma' de Beckintoua, Episc. Bath et Walleus. Vide Wharton, p. 355. Chandler^ Thomas B., d. 1790, aged 64, a native of Connecticut, was an eminent Episcopalian minister. He wrote several works in favour of the Episcopal Church, a sermon, /cl'incJcs' Cyc. Chaiiiiing, William Francis, M.D., son of Dr. "William Ellery Channing, b. 1820, at Bogton. 1. Davis's Manual of Magnetism, 1S41, 12mo. 2. Not«s on the Medical Application of Electricity, Bost., 1S49, 12mo. 3. The Ame- rican Fire- Alarm Telegraph; a Lect. before the Smithsonian Institute, 1865. Contributed" to Silliman's Jour., &c. Channing, William Henry, nephew of Dr. Wm. Ellery Cbanning, and son of Francis Dana Channing, graduated at Harvard College 1S29, and the Cambridge Divinity School, 1833. 1. Memoirs of the Rev. James H. Perkins, Bost., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Joutfroy's Intro- duction to Ethics, including a Critical Survey of Moral Systems ; translated for Mr. Ripley's Series of Specimens of Foreign Literature, Bost., 1840. 3. Memoir of \yilliam Ellery Chauning, with Extracts from his Correspondence and Manuscripts, Bost., 1848, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. On the Christian Church and Social Reform : see Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2d Ser., iii. 209, 438, 5. With R. "W. Emer- son and J. F. Clarke, Boston, Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli : see Ossuli, Marchesa d'. Chanlrell, Mary Ann. Poems, 1748, Svo. Chapiii, Alonzo U., D.D., 1S08-1858, a native of Somers, (.'onu. ; practised law six years ; entered the ministry 1838. Classical Spelling-Book. Primitive Church, 1845. Gospel Truth. Puritanism not Protestantism, 1847. Hist, of Glastonbury, 1853, 8vo. Author of many pamph- lets on religious subjects. Contributed to Knickerbocker, Chris. Spect., Amer. Quar. Rev.. N.T. Rev., Church Rev., Ac. Chapin, E. H., D.D.. b. 1814, in the State of New York ; a distinguished pulpit-orator. 1. Hours of Com- munion. 2. Characters in the Gospels. 3. Discourses on the Lord's Prayer. 4. Crown of Thorns. 5. Token for the Sorrowing. 6. Moral Aspects of City Life. 1853. 7. Hu- manity in the City, 1854. 8. Christianity the Perfection of True Manliness, 1855, 12mo. Other works. Chapin, Walter. Missionary Gazetteer, 1825, 12mo. Chapin, Wm. Gazetteer U. States, N.Y., 1839, 12mo. Chaplin, Daniel, of Mass. Sermons, 1802-08. Chaplin, Ebenezer, ofMass. Serras., |iy temper led to a separation from Fleetwood, the manager of Drury Lane Theatre, and she ridiculed him in a dramatic piece entitled the Art of Management, or Tra- gedy expelled, Lon., 17.35, Svo. It is said that Fleetwood purchased and destroyed nearly the whole of this impres- sion. The Lover's Treat; or Unnatural Hatred. Lon.. Svo. The Hist, of Henry Dumont, &c. In 17S5 she pub. a Nar- rative of her own Life, which presents a sad picture of im- petuosity, recklessness, and distress. Charke, Ezcchlel. Theolog. treatises, 1669, 4to. Charke, William, a Puritan divine. Follow of Peter House. Cambridge, in 1572, and expelled. Answer to a pamphlet by a Jesuit, Lon., 1580, Svo. Other theolog. trea- tises. 15S0, '81, Svo. Charldoii, John, D.D. See Chardon. Charlemont, James Caiilfield, Earl of, 172S- 1799, a distinguished Irish nobleman, left an unpublished history of Italian poetry from Dante to Metastasio. Some of his letters, with others addressed to Henry Flood, were pub. in 1S20. 4to. Charles I., King of England, b. Nov. 9, 1600, executed Jan. 30, 1049. Two years alter the death of the king ajtpeared Reliqniaa Sacra? Carolina^ ; or. The Works of that Great Monarch and (llorious Martyr, King Charles the First, both Civil and Sacred, juinted by Sam. Brown, at the Hague, 1051, Svo. The Books, Speeches, Letters, &C. of Charles I. were pub. Lon., 1601, 12mo; and the Works of King Chailes the Martyr, with a Collecticm of Declara- tions, Treatises, and other Papers, &c., appeared in 1664, 2 vols. fol. — lUhHotheca Reyia, bearing date 1689, Svo. Horace Walpole considers that the greater part of the above papers were the composition of his majesty, but Isaac Reed, an abler critic, divides the Letters, Declara- tions, and Messages between Lord Clarendon, Lord Falk- land, and Sir John Colpepper. Indeed, it is impossible to decide, of the numerous collections and separate papers pub. in this volume, what the king did or did not write. A copious list of these publications will be found in ^^'att's Bib. Brit. The literary ability of the king is beyond question. Sec Gadden, John. He did not confine him- self to prose. The elegy written at Carisbrook Castle is not devoid of merit, and an English version (Lon. 1655, Svo) of Bishop Saunderson's Lectures de Juramenti pro- missorii Obligatione affords us a specimen of his majesty's skill as a translator. Whether meritorious or otherwise, the king was not afraid to submit it to the criticism of Bishop Juxon, Dr. Hammond, and Mr. Thomas Herbert. But the most interesting literary question connected with Charles I. is the authorship of EIKSIN BASlAllcH. The Pourtraicture of his sacred Majestie in his solitudes and sufferings. This work, dated 1648, was pub. by Dr. Gauden imme- diately after the execution of the monarch : ■^Had it appeared .a week sooner, it might have preserved the king." — Malcolm LiiNG. But Mr. Laing little knew what manner of spirit the re- gicides were of, when he supposed that a book — or an Alex- andrian library of books — would have been suflered to stand between them and their victim ! The unlearned reader must be informed that from that day to this it has been a matter of vehement controversy — in which many great and good men have warred high in strife — whether Charles I. or Dr. Gauden wrote this most interesting hook. So great indeed was the interest which it excited, that 47 editions — 48,000 copies — were speedily absorbed at home and abroad. We have already alluded to the vexed ques- tion of the authorship of this volume under Annesley, Ar- thur, Earl of Anglesey, and there referred the reader to our notice of Bishop Gauden. — which reference we repeat. Charles II., King of England, 1630-1685,— "the only genius of tlie Hue of Stnart, — was no author, unless wo allow him to have composed the two simple papers found in his stronn; box after his de.ath. But they are universally supposed to have been given to him as a compendious excuse for his embracing doctrines which he was too idle to examine, too thoughtless to re- member, and too sensible to have believed on reflection." — WuJr pok's If. t£ iV. AuOutrs. Charles II. may still claim a place in the roll of authors on the strength of the song, '• I pass all my days in a ghatly old grove." Sir ,Iohn Hawkins credits it to him, and Lord Orford does not decide against it. See Appendix to Hawkins's History of Music, v. 477; Park Walpole's R. & N. Authors; a list of State Papers, Letters, and Speeches, pub. under the name of Charles U., in Watt's Bibl. Brit. 370 CHA Charles, James Edward, "The Young Chevalier." Narrative of the Chevalier, Lon., 1765, Svo. Charles, Joseph. History of the Transactions in Seatl.aud. 1715-16, 1745-46, Sterling, 1817, 2 vols. Svo. Charles;., Joseph. The Dispersion of the Men of Babel Consi.lcred. Lon., 1769, 2 vols. Svo. Charles, Richard, Surgeon. Ccmsumption, 178S,Svo. Charlesworth, John. Practical Serms. abridged from various authors, Newark, 1788-93, 3 vols. Svo. Serms., 4e.. 1788-92. Charlet, Arthur, D.D., Master of the University of Oxford. Letter relative to the death of Anthony Wood. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1708. Charleton, George. Astrologomania, or the Mad- ness of Astrologers, in answer to Sir C. Hevden, [q. v., and also Chambers, George,] pub. by T. Vicars, D.D., Lon., 1624, 4to. Theolog. treatises, 1615, '26. Charleton, Rice, M.D. Bath Waters, 1754, '70, '75. Charleton, or Charlton, Walter, M.D., 1619-1707 was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he was noted for his attainments in logic and philosophy. Ho was physician to Charles I., and to Charles II. during his exile and after his Restoration. In 1689 he was chosen President of the College of Physicians. He wrote and compiled many learned professional and other works, 1650-SS, an .account of which will be found in Athen. Oxon. Among the best known of these .are the following: The Darkness of Atheism dispelled by the Light of Nature; a Phisico-Theologicall Treatise, Lon., 1655, 4to. Epicurus his Morals, collected out of Various Authors; with an Apology for Epicurus, 1655, '56, '70, 4to. Chorea Gigan- tum ; or. The Most Famous Antiquity of Great Britain, — Stone-Henge, — standing on Salisbury Plam, referred to the Danes, 1663, 4to. Sir William Dugdale and many other eminent antiqua- ries agreed with our author in depriving the Romans of the credit of Stonc-Hcnge. Inigo Jones led the other side. See Biog. Brit., and Athen. Oxon. Two Philosophical Discourses; the first concerning the Wits of Men ; the second concerning the Mystery of Vin- ters, 1668, '76, '92, Svo. '• This some have thought a little below the character of ourau- thor, and inferior to his other writings.'' Yet there is much merit in the Discourse of the Wits of Men. Three Anatomy Lectures Concerning, 1. The Motion of the Blood through the veins and arteries. 2. The Or- ganic Structure of the Heart. 3. The efficient cause of the Heart's pulsation, 1683, 4to. " It was in these lectures that he clearly and effectively refuted the pretence that Dr. ILarvey had borrowed his doctrine of the Circulation of the Blood from Father Paul of Venice." — Dr. Camp- bell. Charlotte, Elizabeth. See Tonna, Mrs. Charlton, Charles. Excercitationes Pathologicse, ic, Lon.. 1601, Ito. Charlton, Lionel. Hist, of Whitby Abbey, 1779, 4to. Charlton, Mary. Novels, Ac, 1797-1805. Charlton, Judge Roberts!., of Savannah, Georgia, d. 1854. Poems, Boston, 1838. Poems, New York, 1843. The compositions of Judge C. have been greatly admired. Charlton, Saniuel,"D.D. Sermon, 1714,'Svo. Charlton, Judge Thomas, M.P., of Savannah, Georgia. Reports and legal compilations, New York and S.avannah. 1817-3S. Charlton, M alter. See CnARLETON. Charnock, John, 1756-1807, educated at Winchester, and Merton College, Oxford. Biographia Navalis : Lives and Characters of British Naval Officers, Lon., 1794-96, 6 vols. Svo. A History of Marine Architecture, 1800-02, 3 vols. 4to. This work should be studied by all interested in the subject. Life of Lord Nelson, 1806. Other publi- cations. Charnock, Richard. Legal Compilations, 1837-45. The Police Guide, Lon., 1841, Svo. Charnock, Stephen, 1628-1680, a celebrated Non- conformist divine, entered of Emanuel College, Cam- bridge, removed to New College, Oxford, in 1649, and obtained a Fellowship from the visitors appointed by Par- liament. He subsequently preached for some time in Ireland. Upon the Restoration he returned to London, but was unwilling to conform, and preached in private assemblies of the Nonconformists. He pub. only one ser- mon, (in the Morning Exercises,) but after his decease two vols, were ]mb. by Adams and Veel from his MSS., Lon., 1682, 'S3, fol. Works, Lon., 1S15, 9 vols. Svo. "tiaining [by his preaching] infinite love .and applause from the brethren, wliob.'ld him to be a person of excellent parts, strone reason, great j udgmcnt, and (which Jo not often go together) cut* CHA ous fiincy. ... Such .also as did not love his opinion did, notwith- standing, commend him for his learning.'' — Atlif^7uOxmi. " The sublimeness, variety, and rareness of the'truths handled, to.:ether with the excellence of the composure, neatness of the style, and whatever is wont to make any book desirable, all concur in the recommendation of it, [Charnock on the Attributes.] It is not a book to be played with or slept over, but read with the most intense and serious interest." — .\Ti.\MS and Veel. "His thou'ihts are often in disorder; he has no clear and dis- tinct idea in many of the differences he makes."' — DR. Dopdridge. " .None of the writintrs of Charnock are properly exegetical. and yet they contain a considerable portion of scriptural interpretation, mixed with the most important doctrinal and practical views. Ilis style is generally chaste and easy; remarkably free of that verbo- sity and clumsiness which .so generally belonged to the writers of his class and period. 1 think Doddridge scarcely does justice to Charnock — by representing his style as incorrect, and his thoughts obscure and badly arranged. Mr. Toplady, on the contrary, eulo- gizes his work on the Attributes in the strongest manner." — Ohme. " Perspicuity and depth ; metaphysical sublimity and evfingelical simplicity ; immense learning, but irrefragable reasoning, conspire to render this performance one of the most inestimable productions that ever did honour to the sanctilied judgment and genius of a human being." — Toplaot. '■ In Charnock you will find substantial divinity, and of the right sort." — MaUier's Student. "Charnock was a deep divine, rather than an elo<(uent writer. He reasons well; but the connecting links of his chain are too much neglected. His sentences have the cast of independent pro- positions. Too much uniformity of style prevails, and vei-y seldom any real pathos occurs : his sentences are also defective in the collo- cation of the words; and often the terms are not well chosen."' — Dr. E. Wii.li-\ms. " I have not seen any .author who has exceeded, probably no one who has equalled. Charnock on the Existence and Attributes of God." — Criffith Williams. " The best practical treatise the world ever saw in English upon this subject. " Charnock's works are full of force and oritrinality." '■ Mr. Charnock with his masculine style aud inexhaustible vein of thought." — IlERVEY. '■ .4 deep searching, often sublime, and powerful writer." — BlCK- ERSTETH. Calamy and Ryland also highly commend our author. After giving so many critics (14) an opportunity of being hoard, we may perhaps be pardoned for giving our own opinions: we have twice carefully studied every word of the Discourses on the Attributes, and we consider the work one of the greatest of uninspired compositions. We ad- vise the reader, if he have it not, to procure it immediately, and read it through once a twelvemonth for the rest of his life. Charnock, Thomas. The Breviary of Natur.al Phi- losophy : r/./c Tlie;i.t. Clicm. per Asliraolc. His Enigmas ; ib. Charrier, S. J. Chorographical works, 1781, &c, C'harsley, W., M.D. An Essay to investigate the Cause of the general Mortality of Fevers, Lon., 1783, 8vo. Charters, Samuel, D.D., Minister of AVilton, Scot- land. Scrms., Edin., 17SG, 2 vols. Svo ; a new edit., Edin., 1816. 2 vols. Svo. •' There is something in all the performances of Dr. Charters that forcibly reminds us of the moral ess,ays of Lord Bacon. The reader will tind in the Sermons before us a rich vein of originality and just observation.'" — Edin. Christ. Instructor. Discourse on the duty of making a Testament, Lon., 17it4, Svo. Chartham, "Will. Historiola de "Vlt-a Simonis Sud- bury Archicp. Cant. ; vide Angl. Sacr. per Wharton, p. 49, Lon , 1691. Chase, Heber, M.D. Professional works, Phila., 1836, &c. Chase, P. E. Arithmetical works. Phila. Chase, Philander, D.D., Senior Bishop of the P. Episcopal Church of the United States, was born at Com- i.sh, Connecticut, in 1775. He was abundant in labours, indefatigable in zeal. Reminiscences, New York, 1844, 2 vols. Svo. Chase, Samuel. Messiah's Advent, 1815, Svo. Anti- nomianism Unmasked, 1S19, Svo. '■ M.any good thoughts. The preface by Robert Hall very strik- hig."" — BiCEERSTETH. Highly commended by the Lon. Christian Observer. Chase, Stephen, 1813-1851, a native of Chester, N. IT. ; graduated at, and subsefjuently Prof, of Mathematics in, Dartmouth College. A Treatise on Algebra, New York, 1849. 12mo. ■■ The terms of the science are explained with gre.at clearness, and the rules are given with much precision. The work is one of undoubted merit." Contributions to several religious journals. Chater, James. Grammar of the Cingalese Lan- guage. Colombo, 1815, Svo. Chater, Thomas. A Poetical Tribute to Cowper, ISOO, Svo. Chatfield, C. 1. View of the Hist, of the Darker Ages. 2. Teutonic Antiquities, Lon., 1828, Svo. CIIA Chatfield, John. Triogonal Sector, Lon., 1680, 12mo. Chatfield, Robert. Ilistoric;tl view of Hindostan, Lon., I.SIIS, 4to. Chatham, Rt. Hon. William Pitt, Earl of, 170S-177S, was the second son of Robert Pitt of Boconnoo, in Cornwall. After studying at Eton and Trinity Colleges, Oxford, he obtained a cornetcy in the Blues. In 1736 he was returned to Parliament as a member for Old Sarum. Here his distinguished abilities and powers of oratory soon attracted the eyes of the nation, and gained him that com- manding position which he occupied for so many years to the glory of England and the confusion of her enemies. The name of this great man belongs to political, rather than to literary, history, but we must be allowed to linger for a few moments upon so suggestive a theme. We have already given some interesting particulars connected with Chath.am as an orator: see Bailey, Nathan; Barrow, Isaac. The History of his Life, Lon., 1783, Svo. Aneo- dotcs of his Life, 1792, 2 vols. 4to. " A wretched publication of Almon the bookseller — a mere tissue of fabsehood and absurdities." — Lowndks. Letters written to his nephew, Thomas Pitt, afterwards Lord Camelford, then at Cambridge, 1S04, 12mo. Tweniy- thrce in number, and containing much valuable advice. The Earl's opinion of the books recommended are inte- resting to the student. The Letters were pub. by Lord Grenville. "What parent, anxious for the character and success of a son, would not. in all that related to his education, gladly have re- sorted to the advice of such a man?"' — Loan Grenville: Frefact to Vtt LutUrs. " Five speeches were written out from notes taken on the spot by Sir Philip Francis and Mr. Hugh Boyd. One of them is said to have been revised by Lord Chatham himself. These are the best specimens we possess of his style and diction: and it would be diflicult, in the whole range of our literature, to find more perfect models fur the study and imitation of the young orator."— Good- ri>Ws Select Britisli Elociuence. N. "i'ork, 185"2, f Boethivs. Chaucer was a voluminous writer. In addition to his minor poems, and his prose compositions, of which the Testament of Love and two of the Canterbury Tales are the principal, he was the author of the following poetical works : 1. The Canterbcrt Tales, extending to above 17,000 lines, (exclusive of the doubtful portion and the prose.) 2. The Romacnt of the Rose, a translation from the French of William de Lorris; and of a portion of Meun's continuation, of which there are nearly 8,000 lines. 3. Troilus and Creseide, 5 Books. 4. The Court of Love. 5. The Complaint of Pitie. 6. Of Queen Armelide and False Arcite. 7. The Assembly of Foules. 8. The Complaint of the Black Night. 9. Chaucer's A. B. C. 10. The Booke of the Dctchesse. 11. The House of Fame, 3 Books. 12. Chaucer's Dream. 13. The Flower and the Leaf. 14. The Legend of Good Women, 9 Examples. 15. The Complaint of Mars and Venus. 16. Of the Cuckow and the Nightingale. Of these compositions the Canterbury Tales is much the best known. The plot is doubtless taken from the Deca- meron of Boccaccio. A company of pilgrims, twenty-nine I in number, on their way to the shrine of Thomas a Becket, at Canterbury, pass tbe night at the Tab,ard Inn at Soulh- wark, where they make the acquaintance of our poet, the narrator, who promised to bear them company, their des- tination being the same as his own: " Befelle. that in that season on a day. In Southwark at the Tabard .as I lay, Kedy to wenden en my pil;^rimage To Canterbury with devoute coi-age, At night wascome into that hostelrie Wei nine and twenty in a compagnie Of sundrv folk. . . . And shortly, when the sun was gon to reste, So hadde 1 spoken with hem everich on. That I was of hir felawship anon And made forword early for to ri.se, To Lake oure way ther as I you devise." The Host of the Tabard offers to accompany the party, and suggests to them that they should divert each other with entert.aining stories, and that on their return, " Which of you that bereth him best of alle, That is to'svan. that tellcth in this cas Tales of best sentence and most solas,^^ Shal have a souper at youre alU-r cost." The proposition was joyfully accepted, the tales were told : and truly, however much there may have been of pilgrimage, there was but little of penance, in that merry jotirneying! About seventy-five years after the death of this great poet, Ca.xton, the first English printer, pub. The Book of the Tales of Cauntyrburye, without date; sup- posed to have been printed about 1475. Only two perfect copies of this edition are known. — one in the Library of George III. in the British Museum ; the other in Merton College. The first edition of the entire works of Chaucer CHA CHA (with the exception of the Ploughman's Tale, which was first printed in the edition of 1542) was pub. by Thomas Godfrey, Lon., 1532, fol. See particulars of early editions in Dibdin's Typographical Antitiuities, and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. The edit, of 1721, fol., has a Glossary and a Life by Urry. By far the best edition of the Canterbury Tales is by Thomas Tyrwhitt, who prefixed to them an Essay on Cbaucer's Language and Versification, and an Introductory Discourse, which, with the learned Notes and Glossary, add much to the value of the work. Tyrwhitt's first edit, was pub. Lon., 1775, 78, 5 vols. 8vo; 2d edit., Oxf., 179S, 2 vols. 4to. In the impression of 1822 the Glossary is under an alphabet, and the general arrangement is improved. The reader should procure Mr. Moxon's beautiful edit, of the Poetical Works uf Chaucer, (which includes Tyrwhitt's Essay. &c.,) last impression 1852, r. Svo. The following works should not be neglected : Todd's Illustrations of the Lives and Writings of Gower and Chaucer, Lon., ISIO, Svo. *'A curious work, displaying preat industry of investigation. Mr. Todd's researches into English literature have been equalled by few of our lexicographers or commentators." Godwin's Life of Chaucer, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 4to. *' Considerable praise is due to Mr. Godwin for the comments on the works of our bard, which occur in these volumes." — Edin. liev. An Svo vol. entitled Chaucer's Poems Modernized, by Wordsworth, R. H. Home. Leigh Hunt, and others, has been highly commended, and an English critic declares that " Too much applause cauuot be bestowed upon the projection and execution of this design."' But we confess that we have no taste for these rehashes of ancient delicacies. Their tendency is to increase read- ing at the expense of knowledge. What will a reader of a modern Chaucer know of glorious old "Geffary Chaucer," who wrote "dyuers Workes which were neuer in Print be- fore?" See Godfrey's edition; the first, 1532, fol. If any man or woman will not take the trifling trouble which is necessary to understand Chaucer's antique ortho- graphy. — let them be ignorant. The last " Minerva" novel will prove metal mure attractive to such painstaking "stu- dents uf English Literature." Mr. Saunders pub. a vol. in 1845, entitled Chaucer*s Can- terbury Tales Explained, and rendered more intelligible with the help of modern prose. This work treats of Gtelic construction, and other matters connected with antique spelling. Charles Cowden Clarke has given to the world Tales from Chaucer in prose, in imitation of Lamb's Tales from Shakspeare; also a vol. entitled The Riches of Chau- cer, 1839j Svo. There is also a Life by Singer, and one by Nicolas. It will be proper to gratify the reader with some quota- tions from ancient and modern critics referring to the merits of the Father of English Poetry: " And upon hys imaginacyon He made also the Tales of Canterbury, Some vertuous, and some glad and merry, And many other bokes, doubtless, He dyd conipyle. whose godly name In printed bokes doth rem.iyne in fame." H.YWEs: Pastime of Pleasure, c. 14. " Yet what a time hath he wrested from time, And won upon the migbtie waste of daies. Unto the immortal honour of our clime. That by his means came first adorned with bayes: Unto the sacred relickes of whose rime AVe yet are bound in zeal to offer praise." Daniel: MuRophUus. The usual titles by which Chaucer was complimented by his contemporaries were "The Chief Poete of Britanie," "The Flour of Poetes," Ac. '■ Maister Chaucer, that nobly enterprysed How that our englysshe myght fresshly be enued." Skeltos : Garlande of Laurelle. *' So wise a man as our Chaucer is esteemed." — Milton. Among the warmest admirers of Chaucer in earlier days may be mentioned Gawin Douglass, Bishop of Dunkeld, Caxton, William Botteville, Leland, the great antiquary who honoured his memory with three copies of verses; Roger Ascham, Sir Philip Sydney, Speght, Stowe, John Fox, Camden, Sir Henry Savile, the illustrious Selden, Sir Francis Kynaston. &c. In his close imitation of Chaucer in his Temple of Fame, Pope has paid him the highest of compliments. The learned Dr. Skinner complains that '• The poet Chaucer set the worst example, who by bringing whole shoals of French words into our language, which was but too much adulterated before, thioixgh the effects of the Norman Conquest, deprived it almost wholly of its native grace and splendour, laying on paint over its pure complexion, and, for a beautiful face, substi- tuted a downright mask." — Trans, from Vie Latin m-iginal. See Biog. Brit. This charge is summarily disposed of by Mr. Tyrwhitt in his Essay on the Language and Versification of Chaucer: 374 " I cannot help observing from a contempoi-ary Historian, that, several yeais before that great event, [the Aorman Ctmiiuest,] the l.vniTuage of France had been introduced into the Court of England, and from thence among the people." After proceeding with an exposition of this statement, Mr. Tyrwhitt remarks : "From what has been said I think we may fairly conclude, that the English language must have imbibed a strong tincture of the French, long before the age of Chaucer, and cousequently that he ought not to be charged as the importer of words and phrases which he only nsed after thu example of his predecessors, and in common with his contemporaries. This was the real fact, and is capable of being demonstrated to any one, who will take the trouble of comparing the writings of Chaucer with those of liobert of tiloucester and liobert of Brunne who both lived before him, and with those of Sir Jobn Maudeville and M icliff who lived at the same time with him." The censures of Verstegan and Skinner are thus rebuked. Mr. Tj'rwhitt also contends that the verse in which the Canterbury Tales are written, although apparently irregu- lar, is in fact as correctly rhythmical as the verse now used. We do not now pronounce the final e in many words in which it was sounded in Chaucer's time. This of itself is an important item in the consideration how far Chaucer is to be censured for irregularities in rhythm. The following remarks of Mr. Tyrwhitt are entitled to great weight: "In discussing this question we should always have in mind, that the correctness and harmony of an Knglish verse depends en- tirely upon its being composed of a certain number of syllables, and its having the accents of those syllables properly placed. In order, therefore, to form any judgment of the VeVsitication of Chaucer, it is necessary that we should know the syllabical value, if I may use the expression, of his words, and the accentual value of his syllables, as they were commonly pronounced in his time; fnr without that knowledge, it is not more probable that we should determine justly upon the exactness of his metres, than that we should be able to cast up rightly an account stated in coins of a former age, of whose correct rate and determination we are totally ignorant." We commend these observations to some of our modern index-critics. Dryden's comment is perfectly correct: '' The verse of Chaucer, I confess is not harmonious to us; they who lived with him, and some time after him, thought it musi- cal, &c." And the reason is perfectly obvious ; but we do not won- der that Dryden refused to believe all that Speght claimed for Chaucer's versification. Mr. Tj'rwhitt's theory (which was that of Gray, also) was generally concurred in until the appearance of Dr. Nott's edition of the poems of Sur- rey and AVyatt. Many considered that Ductur N. had de- monstrated the arguments of the former to be erroneous. But we have already lingered sufficiently long upon a hydra-headed subject, and the reader must pursue the in- vestigation by a reference to the authorities cited, and to Mr. Hallam's Literary History of Europe. Mr. Warton's illustrations in the following lines are well worthy of quo- tation : '•I consider Chaucer as a genial day in an English spring. A biilliant sun enlivens the face of nature with an unusual lustre : the siidden appearance of cloudless skies, and the unexpected warmth of a tepid atmosphere, after the ^loom and the inclemencies of a tedious winter, fill our hearts with the visionary prospect of a speedy summer; and we fondly anticipate a long continuance of gentle gales and vernal serenity. But winter returns with redou- bled horrors: the clouds condense more formidably than before; and those tender buds and early blossoms, which were called forth by the transient gleam of a temporary sunshine, are nipped by frosts, and torn by tempests." — Thos. Warton: History of Eng. Pott)-y. Dr. Joseph Warton, in his Essay on the AVritings and Genius of Pope, remarks that Chaucer excels as much in the pathetic and sublime as he does in his manner of treat- ing light and ridiculous subjects. " I take unceasing delight in Chaucer. His manly cheerfulness is especially delicious to me in my old age. How exquisitely ten- der he is, yet how perfectly free from the least touch of sickly melancholy, or morbid drooping." — S. T. Coleridge; and see Ilip- pisley's Early En-^lish Literature. Mr. Campbell concludes his essay upon Chaucer with a remark which the admirer of the poet will fully confirm : ■'After four hundred years have closed over the mii-thful features which formed the living originals of the poet's descriptions, [in the Canterbury Tales.] bis pases impress the fancy with the momentary credence that they are still alive; as if Time had rebuilt his ruios, and were reacting the last scenes of existence." — Essay on English Pbetry. *'Tn elocution and elegance, in harmony and perspicuity of ver- sification, Chaucer surpasses his predecessors in an intinite pi-opoi^ tion; hisgenius was universal, and adapted to themes ofunbounded variety; and his merit was not less in p;tinting Ihmiliar manners with humour and propriety, than in moving the passions, and re- presenting the beautiful or gi-aud objects of nature, with grace and sublimity." — Thos. AVarton. Like many others who have given their thoughts to the world, without an ever-present, proper sense of moral re- sponsibility, Chaucer in his last hours bitterly bewailed some too well-remembered lines, " which dying" he vainly CIIA CUE wished "to blot." "Wo is me, wo is me," he exclaimed in that solemn hour, " that I cannot recall and annul those things which I have written : but alas ! they are now con- tinued from man to man, and I cannot do what I desire !" One thing, however, he could do: from the depths of his sincere repentance and hearty contrition, he could send forth a warning voice to his fellow-men, urging them to a submissive endurance of earthly trials, and a constant re- ference in their actions to that enduring habitation which the Judge of all the earth hath prepared for them who " by patient continuance in well-doing, look for glory, honour, and iniuiortality." To these wholesome meditations of the dying poet, we owe the '" Good Counsail" of Chaucer, by the quotation of the conclusion of which we shall help to promote the design of the author, and perhaps confer uo inconsiderable benefit upon some thoughtless reader: "That thee is sent receive in buxomuesse. The wrastliDj^ of this world asketh a tiUl, Here is no home, here is but wildernesse, Forth, pilgrime! forth, beast, out of thy stall! Looke up on hi;^h, and thauke God of all! Weive thy lusts, and let thy ghost thee lede, And trouth thee shall deliver, it is no drede." Chauchard, Captain. Map of Germany, Arc, ISOO.fol. Chauucy, Angel, D.D. Sernis., Lon., 1747, 'oS, 4to. Chauncy, Charles, 1592-1672, a Nonconformist di- vine, a native of Hertfordshire, was educated at West- minster School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He emigrated to New England, and in 1654 became President of Harvard College, which office he retained until his de- cease. Serms., 1655, 'i>6; 26 on Justification, 1659. An- tisynodalia Americana. 1662. He also wrote an article prefixed to Leigh's Critica Sacra, Lon., 1639, «i;c.,4to. See Mather's Magnalia; Rushworth's Hist. Coll. ; Neal'sN. E.; Hutchinson ; Holmes. Chauncy, Charles, D.D., 1705-17S7, a native and minister of Boston, a descendant of the above, pub. a num- ber of sermons and theolog. treatises, 1731-85. '■ lie was eminent for his learning, and ftr the spirit of inde- pendence which marked his inquiries." See Clarke's Funeral Serm., Miller, ii. StJS. Chauncy, Sir Henry, 1032-1719. of the Middle Temple, was admitted of Gonvil and Ciiius College, Cam- bridge, in 1647. In 16SS he was made a Welsh Judge. Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire, &e., Lon., 1700, fol. ^' The near affinity historical antiquities have to that strience [the Law] which I have studii?d .ind all along practised, obliged me to be conversant in authors that treat thereof." — Prpfac-. See Savage's Librarian, and Upcott's British Topogra- phy. Sir Henry left some additions to this work, which were the foundation of Salmon's History of Hertfordshire, Lon., 1728, fol. Chauncy, Isaac, d. 1712. Theological treatises,1692- 1737. Chauncy, Isaac, d. 1745, aged 74. Sermon, 1729. Chauncy, Maurice, d. 1581. a monk of the Charter House. Historia alitpiot nostri Siuculi Martyrum, Mentz, 1550, 4to. Much of this work will be found in Strypo's Ecclesiastical Memorials. Chauncy wrote some other works : see Athcn. Oxon. Chauncy, Nath., of Connecticut. Serms., 1719. '34. Chauncy, William. TheKootingout of the Romishe Supremacie, Lou., 1580. 16mo. The Conversion of a Gentle- man long Tyme misled in Poperie to the sincere and true Profession of the Gospel of Christ Jesus, 1587, 4to. Chaundler, E. See Chandler. Cliaundler, Thomas. See Chandler. Chauvel, R. A. Sermon, 1805. Chauvenet, William, b. 1820. in Pennsylvania. Qrad. Yale Coll., Pruf. Astron. U. S. Naval Acad., Anna- polis, Maryland, which flourishing institution he was chiefly instrumental in establishing. Prof, of Math, in U. S. Navy, 1841. Treatise on Plane and Spheric. Trigonometry, Phila- delphia, 3i(7i"'»-Wi. Cheynell had a most violent antipathy to some ot cnil- lingworth's views and to his memory, and evinced it in a manner not the most decorous. Sermons, 1645, ■46, 4to. Disputation between Cheynell and Erburg, 1646, 4to. The Sworn Confederacy between the Convocation at Oxford and the Tower at London, 1647, 4to. Doctrine of the Holv Trinity, 1650, 8vo. The Beacon Flaming, 16o2,4to. •• 1 shall now only tell you that he was accounted by many, es- pecially those of his party, (who had him always in great venera- ttou,) a good disputant and preacher, and better he might have been and of a more sober temper, had he not been trouliled with a weakness in his head which some in his time called craziness. Chibalil, William. Theolog. Treatises, 1622, 25, 30. Chichester, lidward. Oppressions and Cruelties of Irish Revenue Officers, Lon., 1818, Svo. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. Deism compared with Christianity, 3 vols. 8vo. , , . .. "A. book of reference, containing all the prmoipal objections against lieve.aled Religion, with their refutations." Chiilley, Catherine. Independent Churches, Ibii. Chidley, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1651-57. Chifney. Genius Geuuine, a Treatise on Horses and Horse Racing, Lon., 1804, Svo. ,,. « » v '•This book, containing an account of some of the first charac- ters on the turf, i.= said to have been suppressed." I'ub. at i.5 6s. Chilcot, Ilaiript. See Meziere. Chilcot, William, d.l7U. Serm., 1797, Svo. Seven Sermons on Evil Thoughts, 1734, 12mo ; 1835, 32mo; 1851. ISmo. Child, Miss. Spinster at Home, Lon., Svo. Child, Francis J., Boylston Prof, of Rlietoric and Oratory in Harvard College. lu 1S48, soon after leaving college, he pub. an edition of some old plays, under the title °of Four Old Plays. Is editing, (1858,) with much success, A Complete Collection of the British Poets, from Chaucer to Wordsworth; embracing the whole Works of the Most Distinguished Authors, with Selections Irom the Minor Poets; accompanied with Biographical, Historical, and Critical Notices. Ninety-six vols, have appeared, pub. bv Little, Brown & Co., Boston. "'■All persons whnse standard of home-comfort embraces more than one siiK-le bookshelf must have the British Poets in some form- and they may he sure that they will never be able to pro- cure them in a more couveiiient and economical form than that wliich ilicse vuluines wear." — Cln^tian Examiner. Child, George Chaplin, M.D. On Indigestion a,nd Certain Bilious Disorders often conjoined with it ; to which ire added Short Notes on Diet; 2d ed., Lon., 1854, Svo. '■ [his edition is considerably altered and iaiproved by the incor- Doration of tlie extended experience which tlie author luis acauiied We must warmly recommend it to our readers as a safe and usetul guide in the trca'tuieiit of a very troublesome class of disorders. — Dii'din Qiiaiierhi Jmirmd. Child, Major John. Now England s .Jonas cast up at London. Lon., 1647 : refers to the trial of Robert ChUd, of which Winthrop gives an account. Child, Sir Josiah, an eminent merchant and writer on Political Economy temp. Charles IL Di^'^ourse of Trade, Lon., 1668, 4to; 6th edit., Glasg., 17ol, 12mo. •■ Some of the priuciples advanced by Child are so sound, and so for,iMv and concisely expressed, that they assume the sh.ape of maxims."-McCui.LOC[l: iit. raw. Sccaoniy A Treatise, wherein it is demonstrated that the Ji. India 378 CHI Trade is the Most N.ational of all Foreign Trades, Lon., 16S1, 4to. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. Obser- ratio'ns concerning Trade and the Interest of Money, 1668, 4to'. ' Sir Thomas Culpepper's Tract on Usurie, 1623, 4to, is annexed to this treatise. The Interest of England Con- sidered, 1694, Svo. Relief and Employment of the Poor. Repub. in the Somers CoUec. of Tracts, voh xi. Child, L.ydia Maria, one of the most eminent of American authors, was Miss Francis, a sister of the Rev. Convers Francis, D.D., of Harvard University. Her first publication was Hobomok, a Tale of Early Times, 1824; which was followed in 1825 by The Rebels, a Tale of the Revolution. In 1831 she pub. The Mother's Book. "This excellent work, while it displays the intelligence of the enli-htencd instructor, breathes throughout the spirit of the affec- tionate Christian parent."— A'odce of the Enyhsh rejtrtnt. A History of the Condition of Women ot all Ages and Nation.s, aiid The Girl's Book, appeared in 1832, and The Coronal, pieces in Prose and Verse, was pub. in 1833. In 1835 Mrs. Child gave to the world Philothea, a Romance of Greece in the days of Pericles, which has been highly recommended as a successful effort in a difficult field. In 1S41 Mr. and Mrs. Child removed to New York, and as- sumed the editorial oversight of the Anti-Slavery Standard. Mrs. Child's well-kuown letters to the editor of the Boston Courier were collected into a volume under the title of Letters from New York; a second series was pub. in 1845. To this popular and instructive writer we are also indebted for the following works : The American Frugal Housewife. Appeal in Favour of Africans. Biographies of Good Wives. Flowers for Chil- dren ; three parts. The Family Nurse. Memoirs of Ma- dame De Stacl and Roland. Power of Kindness, and other Stories. Rose Marion. Fact and Fiction. Isaac T. Hop- per: a True Life. The Progress of Religious Ideas through Successive Ages, 1855, 3 vols. 12rao. Interesting particulars respecting Mrs. Child's literary history, and specimens of her writings, will be found in Griswold's Prose Writers of America; and Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record. Child, Samuel. Every Man his own Brewer, Lon., 'childi William, Mus. Doct., 1607-1697, B. A., Christ Church College, Oxford, 1631; Mus. Doct., 1663; was for 65 years organist of Windsor Chapel. Psalms for three Voices, Lon., 1 639, Svo. Some of his secular compositions will be found in Court Airs, pub. in 1655 ; and his Services and full Anthems are in Boyce's Collection. Some of bis compositions are in Dr. Tudway's MS. Collection of Eng- li.sh Church Music in British Museum. See Burney's and Hawkins's Histories of Music. Childe, C. F. Sermons at Walsall, Lon., Svo. Childe, E. N. Edward Vernon, New York. Childe, F. V. Trans, of Santarcm's Americus Ves- pucius and his Voyages. Bost., 1850, 12mo. "An interesting little volume, and one which throws valuable light on obscure portions of our history, of value to om- own his- toriographers." Children, John. A Public Caution, Svo. Children, John G. Chemical Con. to Phil. Trans., 1S09 '15; to Phil. Mag. 1SI6 ; to Ann. Philos., 1816. Childrey, Joshua, 162,3-1670, of Magdalen Col- lege, Oxford; Archdeacon of Salisbury, 1663. Indago Astrologica, Lon., 1652, 4to. Syzgiasticon Instauratum, 1673, Svo. Britannia Baconica, or the Natural Rarities of England, historically related, according to the precepts of Lord Bacon, 1661-62, Svo ; in French, Paris, 1662- 67, 12ino. This w.irk suggested to Dr. Plot his Natural Hi'storv of Oxfordshire. Con. to Phih Trans., i. 516. Chiids, G. B. Improvement of the Female Figure, Lon., 12mo. Operation of L.ateral Curvature of the Spine, r. Svo. Medical Treatise, 12mo. Chiids, J. J. Picture Bilile, Lon., 2 vols. 64mo. Chiids, Uichard. Commercial Tables, Lon., 12mo. Chillester, James. Trans, of Chelidonius's Hys- torie of Christian Princes, ic, Lon., 1571, 4to. Chillinden, Edmund. Preaching without Ordina- tion, Lon., 1647, 4to. Nathan's Parable; with a Letter to Cromwell, 1053, 4to. Chillinsworth, William, 1602-1644, was the son of WiUianf Chillingworth, M.ayor of Oxford. In IblS he was admitted to Trinity College, of which he became Fellow in 1628. Ho was noted at an early age for great application to study, and that acuteness in controversy which distinguished him in later years. v »v- „ ''^it was '•> -'-■•-Vl-dr nrhira' iTtf "t'e'w'h^n-hl semed to r 'Zwouirot'n waSTn'the CoUege grove, and con- CHI template; hut when ho met with any scholar there, he would enter into disooursc, and dispute with hiui, purposely to facilitate, and make the way of wrangling conmn n with him, which was n fashion used in those days, especially among the disputing theo- lo^ists or among those that set themselves apart purposely for Divinity. But upon the change of the times, occasioned by the Purit.an. that way, forsooth, was accounted boyish and pedagogi- cal.'' — Wood's Athfn. Oxon. He paid some attention to poetry, and was considered by Sir John Suckling worthy of a place in his Session of the Poets : "• There was Selden, and he sat hard by the chair, Wainman not far oCF, which was very fair. Sands with Townshend, for they kept no order, Digby and Chillingworth a little further." Chillingworth's reputation fur uncommon powers of luind drew upon him the attention of the famous Jesuit, John Pisher. alias John Perse, (his true name.) and by dexterously plying him with his arguments in proof of the infaUibility of the Church of Rome, be persuaded Chillingworth to embrace the religion of that communion, and to go over to the College of the Jesuits, at Douay. But his godfather, Laud, then Bishop of Loudon, in his correspondence with him, argued with such effect against his new opinions, that in two months from the time he left England, be returned home, and upon due examina- tion of the questions between the two churches, he re- turned to the communion of the Church of England. If Laud bad done nothing more than this for the Protestant cause, be deserved better treatment than he has received from those who have charged bim with an inclination to- wards Popery. As might have been anticipated, Chillingworth now be- came engaged in several coiitri)ver.-ies with bis late fellow- churchmen. A Jet^uit named Mwltblas Wilson published in 1630, under the name of Edward Knott, a little treati.^e called Charity Mistaken, ko. Dr. Putter answered this in 1633. The next year the Jesuit published a rejoinder, entitled Mercy and Truth, or Chanty maintained by Ca- tholics. It was in answer to this treatise, that in 1638 Chillingworth published his great work. The Religion of Protestants a safe Way to Salvation, - stract and inconclusive to be of much service to practical men." — 13 A. J.. 4(15. Chii)pendale5 Thomas. Household Furniture, 1762, ful. Chirol, J. L. 1. Serm. 2. Inquiry, 1810. '20, Svo. Chisenhale, Sir Edward. Catho'like History, Lon., 379 cni 1653, 12mo. Elicited by Thos. Vane's Lost Sheep Re- turiKHl Hume, 1I.U8, Svo. Chisholii), Mrs, Caroline, b. 1810, Wooton, North- amptousliire, Eng. Voluntary Information of the People of New Suuth Wales. See Memoirs and Sketches of, by Macki-nzie. 12mo. Chi^holm, Colin, M.D. Profess, treat,, 1795-1813. Chistiull, Kdmund, d. 1733, a native of Bedford- shire, M.A., Corpus Christi College, 1693 ; Chaplain to the English Factory at Smyrna, 1698-1705; Vicar of Wal- thamstow, 1711; Rector of South Church, Essex, 1731. A charge of Heresy against Dodwell, 1706, Svo. Serms., 1708, '11, '12, '14, '16, '18, '19. Mr. C. paid much atten- tion to Classical Antiquities. Inscriptio Sigae antiquissima, Lon., 1721, fol. Antiquitates Asiaticje, &c., 1728, fol. In this learned work are included previous publications of the author. Travels in Turkey and back to England, 1747, fol. ; pub. by the learned Dr. Mead. ChishnU, John. Theolog. Treatises, 1657, '58. Chi!!imun, Chris, The Lamb contending with the Lion, 1649, 4to. Chittenden, Thomas, 1730-1797, first Governor of Vermont. Several of his Letters to Congress and to Gene- ral Washington have been pub. See Williams's Vermont; Graham's Sketch of V. Chitty, Edward. An Index to all the Reported Cases, A.C. in the English and Irish Courts of Equity to August, 1837, 2d edit., Lon., 1837; 3d edit, brought down to 1853, by James Macauley, 4 vols. roy. Bvo, Lon., 1853 ; Phila., 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. Chitty, E., and Foster, F.; A Digested Index to C. L. R., relative to Conveyancing and Baukruptey, from 1558 to the present time, Lon., 1841, Svo. Cbitty, E., and Montagu, B. ; Cases in Bankruptcy in C. of R. and S. C, 1838-40, Lon., 1840, Svo. Chitty, Henry. A Treatise on the Law of Descents, Lon., 1S25, Svo. Chitty, Jos,, 1776-1841, an eminent special pleader, was called to the Bar by the honouralile Society of the Middle Temple in 1816. As a legal author he long occu- pied the first rank. On the Laws of Bills cf Exchange, Lon., 1799, Svo; 9th edit... by J. II. Chitty and J. W. Hulme, 1840, 8vo; 10th Amer. edit.. Springfield, 1842, Svo, new edit., 1849, Svo. The Precedents of General Issues, Ac, Lou., 1805. Pleadings and Parties to Actions, Lon., 1S08, 2 vols. Svo; 7th edit., by H. Greening, Lon., 1S44, 2 vols. Svo; 8th Amer. edit., Springfield, 1S44; 11th Amer. edit, by J. C. Perkins, 1847, 3 vols. Svo. " No practical lawyer can dispense witli this book. The student ehouUl famiUarize himself with every part of it." Law relative to Apprentices and Journeymen, Lon., 1811, Svo. Prospectus of a Course of Lectures on the Commercial Laws, 1810; new edit., 1S36. Law of Nations relative to Belligerents and Neutrals, Lon.. 1S12, Svo; Boston, 1812, Svo. Beawes's Lex Mercatoria, 6th edit., 1812, 2 vols. 4to. Game Laws and Fisheries, Lon., 1812, 2 vols. Svo. Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo. Laws of Commerce and Manufactures, and the Contracts relating thereto, Lon., 1825, 4 vols. Svo. Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law, Lon., 1818, 4 vols. Bvo ; Amer. edit, by J. C. Perkins, New York, 1S47, 3 vols. Svo. " It has had an extended circulation throughout the United States, and has hitherto been more penerally used than any other book upon criminal law." — Marvin's Legal Bill.; HaWs Journal ofL., \^A.J. 371. Reports of Cases principally on Practice and Pleading, Ac. iu C. K. B., Lon., 1819, '20, 2 vols. Svo. Practice of the Court of King's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, Lon., 1832, 12mo. " From the masterly book of Mr. Tidd, or from the admirably ar- ranged one of Jlr. Archbold, it never can be conceived that the Profession will fly to this crude and undigested notice of Keports of Practice." — Legal Exam.. 110. Amendments of Variances. &c., 2d edit, Lon., 1834, Svo. Practical Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence, itc, Pnrt L. Lon., 1834, Svo; all tliat was pub., Phil., 1836, Svo. Mr. Chitty at one time studied Medicine, and has given us his learning in this work, unfortunately in- complete. " Invaluable to lawyer or medicnl man." " Chitty's eminence as a lawyer is well iiiipreciated, although it is not known that he was ori"'inally educated for the medical profession. This work w;is bis own favourite subject, and he laboured incessantly to render it perfect, availing himself of assistance and works of all eminent men,— Dr. Beck, Darwall, Paris. Fonblanque. Gordon Smith, Ryan, Quain, Klliotson, Blumenbat-h, Good, Astley Cooper, Copeland. Prichard, Gray, Thonisnn, Farr, Fordyce, Wilcocke, Lancet, Medi- cal Gazette, journal, liell. Amos. Edwards, Turner, Itostock, Law- rence, Lizars, Cuvier, Younc and numerous otheis." Concise View of the Principlesj Object, and Utility of 380 CHO Pleadings, 2d edit., Lon., 1835, 2 vols. Svo. General Prao- tice of the Law in all its Departments, 3d edit., Lon., 1807-42; Phila., 1836-40, 4 vols. Svo. "Valuable as are Mr. Chitty's former labours, and highly as they are appretiated by the profession, we have no hesitation in expressing our conviction that the merits and usefulness of the present work will entitle him to claim from them a double debt of gratitude.' — Loitd"7i Law Magazmt. "It is the only work of modern days that really presents, as it professes, a connected view of the whole system of the ci^il ad- ministration of justice, in every department as it now exi^its; and is, therefore, well calculated to become a companion to Black- stone's Commentaries."— irurrm's Law Studies. (And J. W. Hulme;) Collection of Statutes of practical Utility, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo. "The best work of the kind extant."— TTorr^n's Law Studies. Practical Treatises on the Stamp Laws, 2d edit., by J. W. Hulme, Lon., 1841, 12mo. Vattel's Law of Na- tions ; a new edit, by J. C. ; 7th Amer. edit., with Notes and References by E. D. Ingraham. Esq., Phila., 1852, Svo. The 1st edit, of Vattel was pub. in Switzerland in 175S; in English, 1760. Mr. Cbitty thus commends it: " I affirm, without the hazard of a contradiction, that every one who has attentively read Vattel's work, will admit that he has ac- quired a knowledge of superior sentiments, and more important information than be ever derived from any other work. Mr. Chitty's edition deserves high praise: '• The reader and student of Monsieur Vattel's work cannot fail to admire the style and manner in which the grave and difficult subjects of which it treats are elucidated and discussed. There is a clearness and conciseness, and at the same time, an eloquence in these commentaries, presented even iu the translation, which entitle them, apart from their weight of authority, to a place by the side of Blackstone."— i-m. LiUirary World. Mr. Chitty's edit, of Elackstono should accompany the above volume. Several members of Mr. Chitty's family have distinguished themselves as legal authors or editors, {q.v.) Chitty, Joseph, Jr. A Treatise on the Law of the Prerogatives of the Crown, and the relative Duties and Rights of the Subject, Lon., 1820, Svo. " A valuable work."— Pcie^-St/orjf s Lrct. 64. Precedents in Reading. &c., edited by Henry Pearson and Thompson Chitty, Lon., 1836, 2 parts, Svo. Amer. edit, Springfield, 1S39, 2 vols. Svo. Bills of Exchange, Ac. Lon., 1834, 2 vols. Svo. Summary of the Office and Duties of Constables, Lon., 1837, 12mo; 3d edit., by T. W. Saunders, 1844, 12mo. Law of Contracts not uuder Seal, &,c. ; 3d edit., corrected, rearranged, and enlarged by T. Chitty, Lon., 1840, Svo; 6th Amer., from the 3d Lon., edit., with addits. by J. C. Perkins, Springfield, 1844, Svo. " I ought not to omit to recommend Chitty on Contracts. The book is skilfully arranged, clearly written, the cases well classitied, and most fully collected. For both the student and practitioner this work is equally useful, instructive, and necessary." — PuoF. Whiteside. Chitty, T. Forms of Practical Proceedings in the Courts of Q. B., C. P.. and Exchequer of Pleas, Lon., 1834, Svo; 7th edit.. 1845, 12mu. Choate, Rufus, b. 1790, at Ipswich, Massachusetts, an eminent lawyer and late United States Senator from Mass., graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819. He was chosen a tutor iu that institution, but preferred the pro- fession of the Law, and entered the Law School at Cam- bridge. His orations, several of which have been pub., have been greatly admired. In 1832 he was elected a member of Congress from the Essex district. In 1841 he was elected a U. S. Senator iu jjlace of Daniel Webster, resigned. Cholmley, Ilus^h. State of the New Roman Church, 1629, Svo. Cholmondeley. The Four Gospels, Lon., 1836, r. Svo. See Home's Bili. Bibl. Chorley, H. F, Conti, and other Tales, Lon., 3 vols, p. 8vo. Lion, 3 vols. p. Svo. Music and Manners in France and Germnn^', 3 vols. p. Svo, 1841. Pumfret, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1845. Sketcbesof aSeaPort Town, 3 vols. p. Svo. Memo- rials of Mrs. Heraans. The Authors of England; 15])lales; with Biog. and Crit. Sketches, by H. F. C, 1838, r. 4to. "An annual of the first magnitude and importance." — I^on. Spectator. "■ This, for the present season, shall be our Annual. The plates are exquisitely engraved.'" — Lon. At/icnaum. Chorley, Joseph. Metrical Index to the Bible, Norw., 1711, Svo. Chorley, William B,, b. about ISOO, in Lancashire, Eng.; i:iaer brother of H. F. Chorley. Translated Lyrics of Kcirnt-r from the German. Liverpool, 1835, 12mo. Chorltoii, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1773, Svo. Choules, John Overton, D.D., b. 1801, at Bristol, Eng.; settled iu America. 1824. History of Missions, 2 vols. 4to, plates; 3d ed.,lS40. Christian Offering. YouugAmcri- Clio CIIU cans Aliriiai], 1S52. Cruise of Steam Yacht "North Star." ISi-l, 12mo. KJ. Neal's Hist, of the Puritans, with copious notes; Foster's Lives of the Statesmen of the Common- wealth ; Hinton's U. States, 2 vols. 4to, 1824-63. Con- trihutor to variou.-^ Religious Journals. Chovenus, Thos. CoUectiones Theologicae, Lon., 1635, Svo. Christian, Edward. Reflections. Ac. rcl. to the mur- der of Sir E. Go.H'rcy. Lon., 1679, fol.' Christian, Edward, d. 1823, Professor of the Laws of England in the Uixiversity of Cambridge, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. A Vindication of the Rights of the Universities of G. B. to a copy of every new publication, 3d edit., Lon., 1S18, Svo. Rules of Evidence before the House of Lords, 1792, Svo. Blackstone's Com- mentaries, with copious Notes, 1795, 4 vols. Svo. Origin of the Two Houses of Parliament, 1810, Svo. Syllabus of Lectures, 1797, Svo. Bankrupt L.aws, 2d edit., 1818, 2 vols. Svo. Every statute and general order of the chancellor is considered chronologically. Game Laws, 1816, Svo. Plan for a country Provident Bank, 1816, Svo. Other treatises. Christian, Edward. Minutes of C. Martial rel. to the Mutiny on the " Bounty," 1792. Christian, Lt. T. P. Pl.ays, Ac, 1790, '91, '95. Christian, Thcoph. The Fashionable World dis- played, 1804. Christie, Alex. Theolog. treatise?, Montrose, 1790. Christie, Hugh, 1730-1774. Educational works, 1760, '91. Christie, J. Con. to Med. and Phys. Jour., 1799, 1800. Christie, J. Traill. Concise Precedents of Wills, Lon., 1849, 12mo. Christie, James, d. 1831, an antiquary and auc- tioneer of London. lutjuiry into the Ancient Greek Game, supposed to have been invented by Pal.amedes, Ac, Lon., 1801, 4to. Etru,soan Vases, 1S09, fol. ; 100 copies printed. An Essay on the earliest species of Idolatry, the Worship of theElement.x, 1815. Svo. Painted Greek Vases,lS25,4to. Christie, James. Analysis of a Report, Ac., Lon., 1S47, Svo. Christie, Thomas, 1761-1796, a native of Montrose. Letters on the Revolution of France, Lon., 1791, Svo. Miscellanies ; Philosophical, Medical, and Moral, 1792,8vo. Christie, Thomas, M.D. Small Pox. Ac, 1799, ISll. Christie, W. D. Plea for Perpetual Copyright, Lon., 1840. Svo. Christie, William, 1710-1744. Latin Grammar, Ac Christison, Alex. General Diffusion of Knowledge, Edin., 1802. Mathemat. con. to Ann. Philos., 1815, '17. Christison, John. Simson's Euclid; new edit., Svo. Christison, Ilobert, M.D., Prof. Materia Medica, Univ. Edin. A Dispensatory; Amer. ed., with addits. by R. E. Gritfith. M.D., Phila,. 1848, Svo. "It appears to us as perfect as a Dispensatory, in the present state of the phaimaceutical science, could bo made." — WcHem Journal r.f Methane and Surgery. Granular Degeneration of the Kidneys, Lon., 1838, Svo. A Treatise on Poisons, 4th edit., Edin., 1844, Svo. 1st Amer. from the 4th English edit., Phila., 1845, Svo. "It is beyond comparison the most valuable pr.actical Treatise on Toxicology extant."— inn. Med. and Phi/s. Journal. " Dr. Christison's great work on Poisons, by far the best in Me- dical .lurisprudeuce in our lani^uai^e." — Blackwood's Mag. " One of the greatest additions that has been made to the stores of Medical, and especially of Medico-legal, Literature."— £«c/inci-'» Reperlorium. ■■ It exliausts the subject, and is of the highest authority."— 2 We^t. Law Journal^ 4o2. Christmas, Henry, Rev. Cradlo of Twin Giants: Science and History, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo. Sundry theo- logical treatises. Preachers and Preaching, 1858, fp. Svo. Christmas, Joseph S. Valedictory Admonit., 1828. Christopherson, John, d. looS, Bishop of Chiches- ter, educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, opposed the Reformation. Trans, of Philo Judajus into "Latin, Antw., 1553, 4to. Trans, of the Ecclesiastical Histories of Eusebius, Socrates, Sozomon, Evagrius, and Theodoret, Louv., 1570, Svo; Cologne, 1570, fol. The Tragedy of Jephtha, both in Latiu and Greek; about 1546: probably a Christmas Pl.ay for Trinity College. Exhortation to all Menne to take Hedo and Beware of Rebellion, Lon., 1553, '64, 16mo. Christy, David, h. 1802, in Ohio. Letters on the Geology of the West and South-West, Chemistry of Agri- culture. Lectures on Colonization. This work was favour- ably noticed by the Westminster Rev. History of Missions in Africa. Elements of Slavery. Billy McConnell, the Witch-Doctor, Ac. Chubb, Thomas, 1679-1746, a literary tallow-ch.and- ler. The Supremacy of the Father asserted, Lon., 1715, Svo. The Previous Question with regard to Religion, and a Sup- plement, 1725, Svo. Three Tracts, 1727, Svo. A Collec- tion of Tracts, 1730, Svo. A Discourse concerning Reason with regard to Religion and Divine Revelation, 1731, Svo. An Enquiry, Ac, 1732, Svo. Memoirs, 1747, Svo. Tracts and Posthumous Works, 1754, 6 vols. Svo. For a confu- tation of Chubb's follies, see Leland's Deistical Writers • Lemoine on Miracles ; Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. ; Van MU- dert's Boyle Lectui-es. "He acts the part of a solemn, grave buffoon; sneers at .all things he does not undeistand; and after all his fair promises, and the caveat be has entered against such a charge, must unaviiiilably be set down in the seat nf the scorner." — Dr. Law. Chnbb, Hilliam. Sermons, Ac, Lon., 1585. Chudleigh, Sir George. Declaration, Lon., 164J,4to. Chudleigh, James. Exploits Discovered, Ac, Lon., 1643. 4lo. Chudleigh, Lady Mary, 1656-1710, wife of Sir George Chudleigh, was a daughter of Richard Lee of De- vonshire Poems, Lon., 1703; 3il edit,, 1722, Svo. Essays in Prose .and Verse, 1710, Svo. For a number of her letters, see Curll's Collection, vol. 3d ; and the Memoirs of Richard Guinnctt and Mrs. Thomas, 1731, 2 vols. Svo. " Her Kssays discover an uncommon degree of piety and know- ledge; and a noble contempt of those vanities which the generality of her rank so eagerly pursue." — Ballard's Bntis/t Ladie.. On the Theory and Practice of Midwifery, Dublin. 2d ed., 1S50, Svo. Amer. edit., from the hist edit, with Notes and Addits., by D. Francis Condie, M.D., Phila., 1851, Svo. "The lecturer, the practitioner, and the student, may all have recourse to its pages, and derive from their perusal much interest and instruction in every thing relating to theoretical and practical mkXv/ifL'iy. "—Dublin Quar. Jot(r. nf Med. Science. Researches on Operative Midwifery, Dublin, 1841, Svo. Essays on the Puerperal Fever, and other Diseases Peculiar to Women; Amer. edit., by Dr. Condie. Phila., 1S50, Svo. "To these papers Dr. Churchill has appended notes, embodying whatever information has been laid befnrethe profession since their author's time. He has also pretixed to the Essays on Puerperal Fever, which occupy the larger piiriinn of the volume, an interestr ing historical sketch of the |iriiirii);il epidemics of that disease. The whole forms a very valvKtl'lc follertion of papers, by profes- sional writers of eminence, on some of the most important acci- dents to which the puerperal female is liable." — Ama'ican Jownial of Medical Sciences. Ou the Diseases of AVomen, Dublin; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo. A new Amer. ed., revised by the Author; with Notes and Addits. by D. Francis Condie, M.D., Pbila., 1857, Svo. "It surp.asses every other work that has ever issued fiom the British press." — DuhUn Quar. Jour. " We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's book. Had our typographical limits permitt^^d, we should gladly have borrowed more from its richly stored pages. In conclusion, we heartily re- commend it to the prnft'ssion. and would at the same time express our firm conviction that it will not only add to the reputation of its author, but will prove a work of great and extensive utility to obstetric practitioners." — Dublin Mi diced Press. Diseases of Infants and Children, Lon., 1849, Svo. Amer. ed., by Dr. Keating, Phila., Svo. "We regard this volume as possessing more claims to complete- ness than any other of the kind with which we are acquainted. Most cordi.^lly and earnestly, therefore, do we commend it to our professional brethren, and we feel assured that the stamp nf their approliation will in due time be impressed upon it. After an atten- tive perusal of its contents, we hesitate not to say, that it is one uf the most cnmpnhensiveever writt*-u upon the di.seases of children, and that, fnr iM[iii.usness of reference, extent of research, and per- spicuity nf (lit.iil. it is scarcely to be equalled, and not to be ex- celled, in any language." — Dublin Quarterh/ Jnumal. " We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill most cordially both to students and practitioners, as a valuable and reliable guide in the treatment of the diseases of children." — Amer. Jour, of the Med. Sciences. Churchill, James. Sermons, 1S06, '11. Churchill, James Morss, M.D., and John Ste- venson, M.D. Medical Botany; new edit., edited by Gilbert Burnett. " So high is our opinion of this work, tb.at we recommend every student at college, and every surgeon who goes abroad, to have a copy, as one of the essential constituents of his library." — Dr. John.fon'.i Mid. Cliir. Ji''i-inv. Churchill, Junius. Liverpool Odes, 179.1, 4to. Churchill, Owusham, and John. Collection of "Voyages and Travels, 1704, 4 vols. fol. : 17;^2, 8 vols, fol, 1744, 6 vols. fol. ; 1752, 6 vols. fol. ; the Harleian Collection, 1745—47, 2 vols, fol., form a Supplement to the above. "This collection is very valuable; its place cannot be supplied by recurring to the origin.il works, as a gieat part of them are first published in it fmm the MSS." — G. B. de la Ricuarderie: Bihlio thcqxc Universdle des Voi/age.^. In his Directions for Study, Bishop Warburton advises CHU CIB the stuflont rather to read over Churchill's Cnllection, (if he would liiuiw what human nature really is,) than to waste his time in travelling through the artificial circles of society in Europe. " Here we may see Nature stripped stark naked, and study her without disguise." The American student, especially, should also procure M. Du Perier's General History of Voyages and Travels throughout the Old and New AVorld, Lon., 1707, Svo. '■ Except the Introduction of 36 pages, the whole of this volume relates to the early voyages of the Spaniards to America, from Ovicdo. and other Spanish authors." — Iticu. And let the lover of Voyages and Travels not fail to pro- cure Harris's, Kerr's, Haliluyt's, and Pinkerton's Collec- tions, and G. Boucher dc la Richarderic's Biiiliotheque Universolle des Voyages, Paris, 1808, 6 vols. 12mo. The following remarks from an eminent authority should he sufficient to stimulate an appetite for such instructive and delightful studies. " The old voy. ing of 197 six-line stanzas." Cibber, Collcy, 1671-1757, Poet L.aure.ate to George II., made his appearance as an actor at the early age of 18, but not meeting with the success he anticipated, he deter- mined to turn author, and in 1695 prodnced his first play. Love's Last Shift, or the Pool in F.ashion. The author performed the part of Sir Novelty Fashion, and in both capacities ho was rewarded by great .applause. In 1704 was acted his best piece. The Careless Husband, in which Cibber and Mrs. Oldfield enacted the principal characters. Ho injured himself in the eyes of the Jacobites, in 1717, by his Comedy of the Nonjuror. He was quite consoled, however, for their enmity, liy receiving a pension from Geo. I. of £200, being promoted to the post of Laureate in 1730. In this year he quitted the stage; but appeared again on spechal occasions. An edit, of his Plays appeared in 1721, 2 vols. 4to ; and a later one in 1777, 5 vols. Svo. A list of 30 plays, with which he had more or less to do, will be found in Biog. Dramat. His Apology for his Life presents a very curious picture of state afl'airs in his day. It was pub. in 1740, 4to ; 1756, 2 vols. 12mo; new edit., with explanatory Notices, by E. Bollchambers. 1822, Svo. Pope h.ad made himself ridiculous, as he generally did in his petty malice, by m.aking Theobald the hero of the Dunciad, because he had convicted Pope of gross igno- rance of Shakspearo. He now made himself ridiculous a second time, by exalting to that dull eminence. CoUey Cibber, one of the wittiest .and most sprightly authors of the day. Cibber's letter of remonstrance to Pope was un- answerable. His ambition led him into a grave error, when it induced him to undertake such a criticism as The Character and Conduct of Cicero considered ; pub. Lon., 1747, 4to. Fielding took great delight in ridiculing him. Gibber's name is frequently introduced in Boswell's Life of Johnson. " BoswEix : ' Cibber was a man of observation V Johnson : ' I think not.' Boswell: 'You will allow his Apology to be well done.' Johnson: ' Very well done, to be sure, sir. 'That book is a striking proof of the justice of Pope's remark: ' Each might his several province well command. Would all but stoop to what they understand.' " Swift was so much pleased with Cibber's Apology for his Life, that he sat up all night to read it: upon hearing which. Cibber, it is said, shed tears for joy. Cibber, Susanna Maria, d. 1766, a celebrated ac- tress, sister of Dr. Arne, and wife of Theophilus, son of Colley Cibber, trans, in 1752, The Oiaelo of St. Foix. Cibber, Theophilus, 1703-1758, son of Colley Cib- ber, bore oven a worse moral character than his father, which was quite unnecessary. He was an actor, and mar- ried first an actress of the name of Johnson, and, secondly. Miss Arne, (see .above.) The Lover, C. 1730. Patie and Peggie, B. 0., 1730. The Mock Officer, F., 173,3. Other Dramatic pieces, and alterations of Henry VI., and Romeo CIR' CLA nn J Juliet, from Shakspoare. The following work appeared under his name. The Lives of the Poets of (i. Britain and Ireland, from the time of Dean Swift, Lon., 1758, 5 vols. 12mo: but we have direct evidence that Gibber was not sole author of this work: " I take this opportunity to testify, that the book called Cihher's Lives of Vie P-wts was not written, nor, I believe, ever seen, by either of the Gibbers, but was the work of Robert Shiels, a native of Scotland, a man of a very acute understanding, though with little scholastic education, who, not long after the publication of his work, died in London of a consumption. His life was virtuous and his end was pious. Tbeopbilus Gibber, then a prisoner for debt, imparted, as I was told, his name for ten guineas. The manuscript of Shiels is now in my possession." — Dr. Johnson; Life of Ifiimmmid. Here Johnson is much in error, for we have GrifEth's (the publisher) testimony that Gibber did revise, correct, and add to the MS., and probably wrote some of the Lives. See Boswell's Johnson ; and for publications connected with the Gibbers, father and son, see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. Cirencester, See Richard of Chichester. Clack, J. M. Serms. and other Remains, with Me- moir and Fun. Serm., by J. Hooper, Lon., 1817, 8vo. '• We have seldom met with so many incidents of an affecting nature in connection with one who was not permitted to see many years on earth, as are presented to us in this small but respectr able volume." — Lfm. Cuftgrt'g. Mag. Clacy, Mrs. Charles. A Lady's Visit to the Gold Diggings of Australia in 1852, '53, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. " The most pithy and entertaining of all the books that have been written on the gold dit;;(^jngs." — Lon. Literary Gaz. " We recommeud this work as the emigrant's vade mecum" — Lon. Home Orjinpatiion, Clagctt, Nicholas, 1607-1663, entered Merton Col- lege, O.tford, 1028; Vicar of Melbourne, Dorsetshire, about 1636; subsequently preacher at St. Mary's in St. Edmund's Bury, Suffolk. The Abuses of God's Grace, Ac, Oxf . 1659, Ito. Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., 1654-1726, son of the pre- ceding, ailmitted of Christ Church College, 1671 ; preacher at St. Mary's, in St. Edmund's Bury, 1680 ; Archdeacon of Sudbury, 1693. A Persuasive to an Ingenious Trial of Opinions in Religion, Lon., 1685, 4to. Serm., 1683, '86, 1710. Truth Defended, and Boldness in Error Rebuked, . Charles I., 1757, fol. The first work Bishop Nicolson styles '• A lean collection of letters, warrants, orders, and other loose and incoherent slate-papers relating to the Irish Rebellion." Clap, Nath., 1668-1745, a minister of Newport, Rhode Island, pub. a Serm. on the Lord's Voice crying to the People in some extraordinary dhspensations, 1715. ■■ Before I saw Father Glap, I thought the Bishop of Rome had the gravest aspect of any man I ever saw; but really the mi- nister of Newport has the most venerable appearance."— Bishop j Clap, Roger, 1609-1691, one of the first settlers of Dor- ! setshire, Massachusetts. Memoirs of himself, 1731; with an .appendix by Jas. Blake, 1807. Clap, Thomas, 1703-1767, President of Yale College, 1739-66, was eminent for his proficiency in Mathematics, Astronomy, and Natural Philosophy. Serm., 1732. Letter to Mr. Edwards, 1745. Religious Constitution of Colleges, 1745. Doctrines of the Churches of New England, 1755. Essay, 1765. History of Yale College, 1766. Conjectures of Meteors, 1781. See Holmes's Life of Stiles; Hist, of Yale College. Clapham, Henoche. Briefe of the Bible's History, Lon.. 1596. Theolog. treatises, 1597-1609. Clapham, Jonathan. Theolog. treatises, 1651-84. Clapham, John. Narcissus, Lon., 1581, 4to. Clapham, John. History of G. Britain, 1602, 4to. Clapham, Samuel, d. 1830, aged 76. Serms., 1792, Ac. The three following were pub. under the name of Theophilus St. John : Orig. Serms., 1 790, Svo. Prac. Serms., 1802, 2 vols. Svo. Charges of Massillon, from the French, 1805, Svo. Points of Sessions Law, 181S, 2 vols. Svo. " This work may serve as an index, but cannot be relied on for accuracy." Serms. selected and abridged from various authors, 1803-15, 3 vols. 8vo., enlarged ed., 1S30, 2 vols. Svo. "The abridgments will be found extremely useful to the clergy as skeletons, or heads to form discourses from." "These sermons are truly excellent." — British Critic. The Pentateuch, or the Five Books of Moses Illustrated, Lon., 1818, 12mo. "The plan is judicious, and the execution is, on the whole, re* spectah\e."—Lfm. Eclectic Beiietv, Other publications. Clapp, John. Serms., 2d ed., Lon., 1S19, 3 vols. Svo. Clappe, Ambrose. Emmanuel Manifested,1655,12mo. Clapperton, Hugh, 1788-1827, a celebrated African traveller, was a native of Dumfriesshire. He was cut off by the dysentery at Saccatoo. His Journals were pre- served and published. Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney's Travels in Africa, 1822-24, Lon., 1826, 4to. Clappertou's Journal of a second Expedition into the Interior of Africa, with Lander's Journal, 1829, 4to. Clapperton and Oud- ney's Travels in Africa, 1828, 2 vols. Svo. Our knowledge of Africa has been greatly increased by these publications. See Lanber, Richard ; Denham, Dixon. Clapperton, William. Poems, Ac, Edin., Svo. CI apthorne, Henry. The Hollander; a Play,1640,4to. Claramont, C, M.D. De Aere, locis et aquis Anglirs deque morbis Anglorum Vern.iculis. Diss, nee non Obser- vationes Medica3 Cambro-Britannicse, Lon., 1672, 12mo: 1657, Svo. Clare, John, b. 1793, at Helpstone, near Peterborough, of obscure parentage, excited much attention by his re- markable powers of poetical description. He pub. in 1820, Poems, Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery, which im- mediately secured the public favour. " 'f be instance before us is, perhaps, one of the most striking of patient and persevering talent existing and enduring in the most forlorn and seemingly hopeless condition that literature has at any time exhibited." — Lon. Quarterti/ Heview. In 1S21, he pub. The Village Minstrel and other Poems, 2 vols. Svo. He has also contributed a number of articles to the periodicals. See an interesting account of Clare in Chambers's Cyd. of Eng. Literature. Clare, John Fitz-Gibbon, Earl of, 1749-1802, Lord High-Chancellor of Ireland. Speech on the Union. Verses, 1774, 4to. Report, 1798, Svo. "A man of an ardent, daring spirit, but able, virtuous, and par triotic." See Park's Malpolo's R. and N. Authors. Clare, John Hollis, Earl of, father-in-law of the Earl of Strafford, who was beheaded. An Answer to some Passages of Sir Francis Bacon's Essay on Empire. Speech in behalf of the Earl of Oxford. Letter to his son-in-law, Strafl'ord. " Lord Clare was admired for his letters; and Howell, in two of his, bears testiniony to the earl's learning and skill in languages." See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. Clare, Martin. Treatise on the Motion of Fluids. Lon., 1735. Svo; with addits. by R. Hall. M.D.. Lon., 1802, Svo. Clare, Peter, Surgeon. Prof, treatises, Lon.,177S,Svo. Clare, 15. Trans, of a Political Declaration, 1649, foL Clare, R. A., Surgeon. Con. on the Air Pumps to Nic. Jour., 1801. Clare, William. The Natural way to Learn the Latin Tongue. Lon., 1688, Svo. Clarek, Timothy, M.D. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans. 1668; on the Injection into Veins, the Transfusion of Blood, Ac. Clarence, Duke of, (William the Fourth.) Speech iu the House of Lords on the Slavc-Trade, Lon., CLA CLA 1799, 8vo. Stibstjincc of his Speeches in the House of Lords against the Divorce Bill. If^llll, Svo. Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 1608-1673, one of the most illustrious characters of English history, was the third son of Henry Hyde, of Dintou, Wiltshire, where he was born on the 16th of February. He was en- tered of Magdalen College. Oxford, in 1622, where he re- mained one year ; after which he removed to the Middle Temple, and pursued his legal studies under the direction of his uncle. Nicholas Hyde, afterwards Chief Justice of the King's Bench. In his twenty-first year he married the daughter of Sir George Aylitfe, who only survived the union six mouths. Three years afterwards he married the daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests. He informs us in his Life, that he made it a rule to select for his associates none but persons distinguished for their rank, fortune, or accomplishments. AVe need not be sur- prised, therefore, to find among his " list of friends," stars of the first m.agnitude : — Ben Jonson. Selden, May, Sir Kenelm Dighy, Edmund Waller, Lord Falkland, Sheldon, Morley, Earle, Hales, Chilliugworth, &c. (See Memo- rials of his own life.) The patronage of the Marquis of Hamilton and Archbishop Laud was of great value to the ambitious aspirant for brilli.nnt honours. In 1640 he was elected a member of Parliament, and as a Koyalist, waged stern war with Hampden and other representatives of popular pretensions. His zeal was not overlooked, and in 161.'! he was raised to the high position of Lord Chancellor of the Exchequer, sworn a member of the Privy Council, and knighted. When affairs had taken so grave a turn that it was deemed prudent to send the priucc, afterwards Charles II.. out of the way of danger, Hyde was his com- panion, but remained in Jersey when the prince sailed for France. During this retirement of two years, he wrote por- tions of his two celebrated works. The History of the Rebel- lion, and Account of his own Life. His studies were inter- rupted in 1618, by directious to attend the prince at Paris. He found him at the Hague, where the news soon arrived of the execution of King Charles I. Whilst on the Continent, Clarendon chiefly resided at Madrid and Antwerp. In 1657, King Charles II.. still an exile, rew.arded the fidelity of his follower by creating him Lord High Chancellor of England. But he suffered greatly from poverty at dif- ferent times, having, as he tells us, "neither clothes nor fire to preserve me from the sharpness of the season." At the Restoration he displayed great sagacity in reconciling the hostile parties who composed the strength of the king- dom, and it was mainly owing to his counsels that the Republicans escaped the bitter chalice which they had commended to the lips of the persecuted and down-trodden Royalists. In 1660. Hyde was chosen Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and created a peer by the title of Barou Hyde, of Hindon, in Wiltshire, to which were added in 1661, the titles of Viscount Cornbury in Oxfordshire, and Earl of Clarendon in Wiltshire. Such greatness must needs excite the envy of the malicious ; and this ill will was heightened by the announcement of the marriage of his daughter to the Duke of York, afterwards James II. This event was unknown to Chuendon until its publicity became a matter of necessity, and Charles II. did not per- mit it to deprive him of his favour. In 166.3, the Earl of Bristol exhibited a charge of High Treason against Claren- don, the gravamen of which w.as an alleged intention to favour the introduction of Popery into Great Britain. There were other causes of resentment — the king's neg- lect of public affairs, the extravagance of the Court. Ac— which prudence did not permit to be openly exposed. In 1667 he was removed from his post of Chancellor, and shortly afterwards received the king's orders to leave the country. lie sailed for Franco. November 29, 1667, and on the 19th of the ensuing month an act of banishment shut the door to all hopes of return to his native land. He resided for four years at Montpellier, passed some time at Moulins. and finally took up his residence at Rouen, where he died, December 9, 1674. There was nothing now to excite the animosity of his foes, and his body was permitted to rest in the land he had so faithfully served, and by which he had been so ungratefully rewarded. He lies, " Without a line to mark the spot," on the north side of Henry Vllth's chapel, in Westminster Abbey. Lord Clarendon had by his second wife four sons and two daughters : Henry, the second Earl of Clarendon, (?. f.,) d. in 1709; Lawrence, Earl of Rochester, d. in 1711 ; Edward and James died unmarried. Frances was m.arried to Thomas Keightly of Hertingfordbury ; Anne married James, Duke of York, and was the mother of Mary and Anne, Queens of England. 25 As an author. Lord Clarendon can never become obso- lete while the slightest interest exists in one of the most eventful portions of England's annals. Speeches, Argu- ment, Ac, Lon., 1641, Ac. An Answer to the Declaration of the Commons, Lon., 1648. Svo. Character of Robert, Earl of Essex, and George, Duke of Buckingham, 1706; orig. pub. in Reliquia; Wuttoniana', 1672. '•'I'he reader will be here entertained with the pictures of two of the greatest subjects of Europe in their time : anfi althouffh one of tliem is inimitably drawn by the noble Author in his History, yet this signature will still I>e acceptable, since 'tis all thrown into another view." — Prpfact to id. 1706. Narrative of the Settlement in Ircl.and, Lovain, 1668, 4to. Animadversions on a Book called Fanaticism, 1674, 4to. Brief View and Survey of Hobbes's Leviathan, Oxf., 1676. 4to. History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England begun in 1641, Ac, Oxf., 1702-04, 3 vols. fol. > 1705, '06, 6 vols. Svo; 1717, 7 vols. Svo. Supplement, 1717, Svo; 1724, Svo. A new edit, of the History of the Rebellion, with all the suppressed passages, and the un- pub. Notes of Bishop Warhurton, Oxf., 1826, 8 vols. Svo; edited by Dr. Bandinel : "Clarendon's History of the Rebellion is one of the noblest his. torical works of the English nation. In the present edition, which is the first correct and complete publication of his History, tlio passages omitted and the words alteied in the original and pie- ceding editions are now for the first time laid before the public."' — i-dtnbtt7'ffli Itn-ii'W. Last edit., Oxf., 1849, 7 vols. Svo. Hist, of the Rebel- lion, Ac, with his Life, written by himself, in which is in- eluded a continuation of his Hist, of the Great Rebellion, Lon., 1842. 1 vol. Svo. Life by Himself, with continua- tion of Hist. Rebelliim, 55 plates, Oxf., 1827, 3 vols. Svo ; 2 vols. 4to. Hist, of Rebellion, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. imp. 8to. Religion and Policy, (first pub. from the MS. ,1811.) 2 vols. r. Svo. Hist, of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in Ireland, 1720, '21, Svo. This is a vindication of the Mar- quis of Ormonde. Hist, of the Reign of Charles II., 2 vols. 4to. This is included in his Life. Collection of Tracts, Lon., 1727, fol. Vindication of himself from the Impeachment of H. Commons in regard to the sale of Dun- kirk, Lon., 1747, fol.; with Reflections upon the P.sahns, applied to the troubles of the times. State P.apers, 1621- 74, containing the Materials from which his History was composed, and the authorities on which the truth of his relation is founded ; with an Appendix from Archbishop Sancroft's MSS., Oxf., 1767-86, 3 vols. fol. Miscellaneous Works. 2d edit,, 1751, fol. An Account of his Life, writ- ten by himself, Ac, Oxf.. 1759; new edit.; see above. Essays, Moral and Entertaining; new edit,, pub. by Rev. J. S. Clarke. D.D., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. The Natural His- tory of the Passions, Svo. " Many doubted whether Lord Clarendon was the author of it; and more thought that it was the sharking trick of a bookseller to set his name to, for sale sake." — Wood. The reader should peruse T. H. Lister, Esq.'s Life and Administration of Edward, First Earl of Clarendon, with Original Correspondence and Authenlic Papers, never be- fore published, Lon., 1838. 3 vols. 8vo; vol. i., 1609-60; vol. ii., 1660-74; vol. iii.. Letters and Papers. " Lister's Life of Clarendon is not the ingenious or eloquent pleading of an advocate, but the severe and enlightened neutrality of a judge. The characteristics proper for the occasion were good taste and good sense, intelligent research, and perfect candour. And these Mr. Lister possesses in an eminent degree." — Edinburgh Ifnnew. " A v.aluable contribution to the history of our native countiy.'* — Lon. Literary Gazette. See LisTEK, Thomas H. To these valuable volumes should be added The Correspondence and Diaries of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde. Earl of Ro- chester, Ac, by S. W. Singer, Esq., Lon., 1828, 2 vols. r. 4to. (See below.) The reader will also be interested in An His- torical Inquiry respecting the Character of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, Ijy the Hon. Agar Elli.s, Lon., 1827, Svo. Mr. Ellis arrives at the conclusion, which will be rejected by many of his readers, that Clarendon was an unprincipled man of talent. This notice of Mr. Ellis's opinions may properly introduce some quotations from various authori- ties respecting the character of Clarendon as a statesman and an author : " I cannot but let you know the incredible satisfaction I have taken in reading my late Lord Clarendon's History of the Kebel- lion. so well and so uncxpritrilly wi-Il wiltten — the preliminary so like that of the noble P'iI\tiios. leading us by the courts, avenues, and porches, into the fal-iir; tiic style masculine; the characters so just, and tempered without the least impediment of passion nr tincture of revenge, yet with such natural and lively touches as show his lordship well knew not only the persons' outsides. but their very interiors."— LeWers of Jolm Eretiin to famud Prpi/.i, Jan. 20, 1702. '0.3. See Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pep'ys Lon., IS.M, 4 vols. Svo. " Uis lordship died in exile, and in the displeasure of his ma- CLA CtA" jesty, and others wlio envied his rise and fortune — tarn hreivs J\)pHU Romani amores I But I shall say no more of his uiinistryj and what >¥as the pretence of his fall, than that we have lived to see great revolutions. The buffons, parasites, pimps, and concu- bines, who supplanted him at court, came to nothing not long aftev, and were as little pitied. 'Tis something yet too early to publish the names of hJs delators, for fear of one's teeth. Jiut lime will speak truth, and sure I am the event has made it good. Things were infinitely worse mana.ied since his disgrace." — Evflyn to Pepys. See Diary and Corresp. of .1. Evelyn, Lon., 1 So'2. 4 vols. 8vo. It is not to be denied that many of his lordship's con- temporaries entertained a very different opinion of him ; and Mr. Agar Ellis, amon<; modern writers, accuses him of treachery, as well as imbecility, in the management of Btate affairs. "We continue our quotations : " The Earl of Clarendon, upon the Restoration, made it his busi- ness to depress everybody's merits to advance his own, and the king having gratitied his vanity with hi;;h titles, found it nt-ces- sary towards making a fortune in proportion to apply himself to other means than what the crown could afford." — Lord 1)art- llOUTH : N'lte on Burnet. " Uad Clarendon sought nothing but power, his power had ne^ ver ceased. A corrupted court and a blinded populace were less the causes of the chancellor's fall, than an ungrateful king, who could not pai'don his lordship's having refused to accept for him the slavery of his country. . . . liurkingbam, Shaftsbury, Lauder- dale. Arlington, and such abniiiiiiable nn-n, were the exchange •which the nation made for my Lord I'laieiidNii ! . . . As an historian he seems more exceptionable. Ilis majesty and eloquence, his Sower of painting characters, his knowledge of his subject, rank un in the first class of writers— yet he has both great and little fiults." — Horace Walpole: li. & N. Authors. "lie particularly excels in characters, which, if drawn with pre- cision and elegance, are as difficult to the wrilers as they are agreeable to the readers of history. lie is in this particular as unrivalled among the moderns as Tacitus among the ancients. . . . His style is rather careless than laboured : his periods are long, and frequently embarrassed by parentheses. Hence it is, that he is one of the most difficult of all authors to be read with an audi- hle voice." — Gravger''s Bing. Hist. "Clarendon will always be esteemed an entertaining writer, even independent of ouv curiosity to know the facts which he re- lates. His style is prolix and redundant, and sulTucates us by the length of its periods; but it discovers imagination and sentiment, and pleases us at the same time that we disapprove of it. ... An air of probity and goodness runs thi-ough the whole work, as theso qualities did in reality embellish tlie whole life of the author. . . . Claryudon was always a friend to the liberty and constitution of his country." — Hume : Hist, of Eiifihuid. "The lustre of all partial and even general Histories of England, was eclipsed, at the opening of the eighteenth century, by the Histoi-y nfthe HebelHon and Civil Tl^n-s— from Ihft poM-erful pen of Lord Clarendon: a work, of which the impressions and profits have increased in an erjual ratio — and of which the popularity is built upon an imperishable basis. A statesman, a lawyer, and a philosopher in its most practical, and perhaps rational, sense, there is hardly any name which has reached us, encircled by purer rays of renown. th:in that of Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, or any which is more likely to go down to posterity in a more unsullied stat« of purity." — Dr. DiBDix: Lihranj Compauion. So Southey declares Cliircndnn to have been "the wipcst and most upright of statesman :" Init Brodie, on the other hand, brand.s the Lord Chancellor as. '* a miserable syco- phant and canting hypocrite." The remnrks of Southey in a letter to Henry Taylor. Dcc.31, 1825, are well worth quoting: "For an Englishman there is no single historical work with which it can be so necessary for him to be well and thoroughly ac- quainted as with Clarendon. I feel at this time perfectly assured, that if that book had been put into my hands iu youth, it would have preserved me from all the political crmis wbi^h I have out- grown. It may be taken for granted that knows this book well. The more he reads concerning the history of these times, the more highly he will appreciate the wisdom and the integrity of Claren- don."— .S'oH^/jfy's Life and Corrfspnndeuce. *' Clarendon— a lover of the constitution, of his country, a patrio- tic statesman— is always interesting, and continually provides materials for the statesman and philosopher." — Professor Smttu, of Camhridge. " His ' Life' is full of a thousand curious anecdotes." — Bishop War BURTON. " You ask me about readinghistoi-y. You are quite right to read Clarendon ; his style is a little long-winded, but, on the other hand, his characters may match those of the ancient historians, and one thinks they would know the very men if you were to meet them in society. Few English writers have the same precision either in describing the actors in great scenes, or the deeds which they per- formed. He was, you are aware, himself deeply engaged in the scenes which he depicts, and therefore colours them with the in- dividual feeling, and snmetinu-s, doubtless, with the partiality, of a partisan."— N/r W,dt>'r Smtr^ Lrlt.-r t" his Sr. Bowring in dr.awing up the First Report on the Commercial Kclations between France and Great Britain, 1834. ful. Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, 1638- 1700, eldest son of the tirst earl, was carefully trained for public business by his illustrious parent. In resent- ment of the treatment to which his father was subjected, hejoined the party which opposed the court, and made many speeches, some of which were preserved by Mr. Grey. On the accession of James II. he was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, but was superseded by Lord Tyrconuel. He refused to take the oaths to William III., and was for some time imprisoned in the Tower. After his release he lived in retirement until his death in 1709. The History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church at Winchester, con- tinued by Samuel Gale, Lon., 1715, 8vo. Two Papers in Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, vol. i. 309-13. State Letters and Diary, Oxf., 1763, 2 vols. 4to. '• This lliarv presents us with a picture of the manners of the age in which the writer lived. We may learn from it. that at the close of the seventeenth century a man of the first quality made it his constant practice to go to church, and could spend the day in society with his family and fiieuds, without shaking his arm at a gaming-table, associating with jockies at Newmarket, or mui^ dering time by a constant round of giddy dissipation, if not of cri- minal indulgence." — Editor^s Preface. In 1828 was pub. Clarendon Papers; viz.: The Corre- spondence of Henry Hyde. Earl of Clarendon, and of his Brother, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, with the Diary of Lord Clarendon, 16S7-90, and the Diary of Lord Ro- chester; pub. for the greater jjart for the first lime from the original MSS., recently discovered by S. W. Singer, F.S.A., Lon., 2 vols. 4to. "One of the most important contributions which has in our day been made to history.'' — L>m. Rrvirw. "This Collection of Letters and Diaries is of great historical value." — Lon. Athenaitm. "A most valuable addition to our national records, and especially interesting to the History of Ireland."— Xo?t. Literary Gazette. Henry Hyde, Lord Hyde and Corneury, the eldest son of this nobleman, pub. a Comedy called The Mistakes, or The Happy Resentment, printed in 1758, at Strawberry Hill, with a preface, said to be written by Lord Orford; but this imputed authorship has been questioned. He wrote A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, 1751, and A Letter to David Mallet on the intended Publication of Lord Bolingbroke's MSS.; see Hawkesworth's edition of Swift's Works. A few pamphlets of his composition were pub. anonymon.sly, and he left some tragedies in MS. He was killed in France, in 1753, by a fall from his horse. Clarendon, R. V. A Sketch of the Revenue and Finances of Ireland, Lon., 1791, 4to. '•A clear and elaborate view of the finances of the sister island." — L"WM>KS. Clarendon, Thomas. Treatise on the Foot of tho Horse, Dubl.. 1847, 12mo. Claridge, John. The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules to know of the Change of the Weather, Lon., 1744, 8vo; reprinted, 1827, 8vo. This little work, once very popular, has been attributed to John Campbell, LL.D. Claridge, John, Agricult. of Dorset, Lon., 1793, 4to. '■ It seems iudiciously pertbrmed."— My7a/rr/so7i's Agricult. Biog, Claridge, Richard, 1649-172.3, an eminent Quaker writer, b. in Warwickshire ; entered of Ealiol Coll., Oxf., 1666; Rector of Peopleton, Worcester, 1673; joined the Bap- tists. 1691; joined the Quakers about 1697, and became a minister in tiiis society. Serms.,16S9,'91. Answer to Richard Allen. 1697, 4to. Mercv Covering the Judgment-Seat. <&c., 1700, 4to. His Case and Trial. 1710. 4to. The Novelty and Nullity of Dissatisfaction, &q., 1714. Lux Bvangelica Attestata. Melius Inquirendum Tractatus Hierographicus. Life and Posthumous Works, by Joseph Besse, 1726, 8vo. OLA' CoEsMn^hf*'? *^??**,"; ^- •''"■'^<' "'""g 'te Danube to in;i^;^;i;"';;t;;:x°T'il::i^S5^!i!;;f,"-,^'y ^•i^ « not Clark. Almanack for 1634, Camb., 12n,o.' r nrt' ?Z'"'7- '^"'""■""■•y treatises, 1809, Ac. Lon ISW *i'"*"5^'- ^ S"™"'"y "f C'<>l'>"ial Law, Ac, w5^^iinf::::H4=th^l^^?c:^r"^"'^''^^ iT- ", ' r "*• '^°''° Noakes and Mary .'^tyles ■ a Poem e:.h,bit,ng l.ngual localisms of Essex, 12L,Lon' 1838 ' ArcLjlo^L^"'"" ^°<' '---t' piece of loc.,' aes"np,io„'-.- M,i,?fi 'm ' ^*^-' ''■P- ''• 1«'2. Mount Desert Island, M.a me. 6rst became known by his contributions to Method- ist Quarterly Review. He is the author of several works, among wh.eh are: 1. Treatise ou Mental Disei,dine. 2 Death-Bed Scenes. 3. Life and Times of Bishop Heddin.. ^t„ f ?ulf\ '""^ ""■' '^^toDsively and favourably re- viewed by the N. Amor. Rey. and other leading Quarterlies of America and England. It is one of the standard pub- Iicaticms of the "Methodist Book Concern." In 1852 Dr the Western Book Concern" of the Meth. Church. tiark, l,mily. Novels, Lon., 1798, 1800 '05 f. "'M';"""- 1- Poems. 2. Rustics. 1775, 1805, Svo. r.i . ' U^'^'Se. Legal compilations, Lou., 1777-1803 Clark, Rev. (.eorge H., an Episcopal minister, born ^f ^ttn^Sl'^J^k. '''' ^''^^""'^ ^"" ^■'■^"-»- fiv'^'^e'''''. ^i'',"?*","- Oughtrcdus cxplicatus, Lon., 1682, Svo. Spot-DialI,lG87,4t.,. Traetatus duo de Fide Nieena Ac, conda (i. Bullum, 1095, 8yo i>icena, clnrr' JJrr' 7'f "'»S-.*™='ti-'''S,Lon.,1655-5r,4to. 19 ,; "",?"• Iiilroduetion to Heraldry, Lon., 1776 12mo; 14th edit., 1845, 12mo. on., i,/o, A Concsc Ita. of Knighthood, 1784, 2 voIs.'Svo. Clark, J. Patersoii, Dentist Extraordinary to his R. H. Prince Albert. System of treating the Teeth Lon Svo. Treatise on Teeth, Ac, 12mo, 1S39. Teething and Management, Svo, 1839. The Odontalgist, 1854, p. fvo J"^^^} ^:.i=:^"cS;ISS^ne^^ J(^ Life, Syracuse, 1854, 12mo. Pioneer Clark, James. Sermon, Edin., 1704. Clark, James. Velorinary treatises, 1770, '88 Clark, Jaracs, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1788-97 Clark, S.r James, Bart., Physieian-in-Ordinary to the Queen; b. 17SS, at Cullen, Banffshire. Sanative Influ- ence of Climate, 1S29; 4th ed., 1846, 8vo. tin'l'^,? ilrnUir""'"''' ';""'l'*"'"" t" c'very invalid who seeks rostoi-a- tS JhXl Pr"l"08-itin„ of life b,,,u.,.th a milder sky than th.jt wh ch lowers over his native lan,l."-io«. Mal.-Chir. Rn. treatise on Pulmonary Consumption and Scrofula, 1835. CLA n , '""Kv/"''"* Caledonian Bards, trans, from the Gaelic, 17,8 Svo. Poems of Ossian, 1781, Svo. General V lew of the Agriculture of Brecknock county; of Radnor: of Hereford; all 1794, 4to. ' A^JmI*,!^!"^ """"i*/ c''"''*^ '■"''' "^^laBed in a superior style."- Nature and Value of Leased Property, 1808, Svo Clark, John. Sermons, Lon., Svo Clark, John, M.D., 1609-1676, came from London to Rhode Mand 111 News from New England; or, A Narra- tive of Ivew England's Persecution, Lon., 1652, 4to, etc. Clark, John. Tamerlane, Lon., 1653, 4to. Clark, John. Sermons, 1T16, 4to i-^'"*/''' ^,"''"' ,''■ ^'^^*- Education of Youth, Lon., 1,-0, 8vo. On Study, 1731, Svo. Making of Latin, 1749 J-ino. Other works. He edited several Latin authors. ' Clark, John, M.D., 1744-1805, a Scotch physician, ruh. a work on Contagious Fevers, Newcast,, 1802 ]''mo and several other profess, works, 1777-1801. Clark, John. Penman's Diversion, 4to. Clark, John. See Clarke Clark, Sir John. See Clerk. works, whichattainedconsiderablepopularity Awake Thon 'Ir'T k'V"';V ^^" ^'°'-'^' I-'"' Gather dFragm^ts 5th ed., N. Y. i2mo. The Young Disciple, 6ih cd^ N Y 12mo.^ The Pastor's Testimony, 6th 'ed. N. Y. fimo Gleanings by the Way, Phila., 12n,o. A Walk abo, t Zion' r8l7,''2'f:i'r'; if ^"'""^ ''^ «• h- ^^^g- ^■^■> ^^t as';j::-,S'?;|Sj^lis^,^S^^:;^^s;*;;^;;:;^!sz'"l^;^ works are al characterized bv iroo,l th,,i„ri,t= ,„ ii •^■j ■ paceful and appiopHate man^eri;' - ' «' ^us;;' sfa'^f r^iilln" R-n'orme™™"' """-^ '" ^'"^""^ ">« ■^l'i-"-l"fr,e?estro'f"b^ Clark, Jonas, of Lexington. Mass., 1730-1805 Ser- mons, 1766, '68 '81. See Everett's Orations, i. 536. Clark, Joshua. Sermons, 1691, '98, 4to Clark, Kennedy. Poems, 1804, 12mo Clark, Lewis Gaylord, twin-brother of Willis Gav- LORn Clark, p,,,,) has obtained groat popularity In his capacity of editor of the New York Knickerbocker Maga ?s?9 K n' ^^?T"a°' P'"°^'^"'=' matter."— P„(„am's ihigarine, Jmumry, 1S53. ^ Clark, M. Sermon, Lon., 1718, Svo. Clark, i»Iargaret. Confession of, Lon., 1688, 4to Clark, N. Way of Truth, Lon., 1717, '18, 2 vols. Svo. Clark, Peter, of Danvers, Mass., d. 1768, aged 75. Sermons, i-c, 1728-63. , a ^ ••>■ Clark, R. Veriniculars destroyed; with an Historical Account of Worms, Lon., 1690-93. 4to Clark, Richard. Favourite Pieces, performed at the Glee and Catch Clubs, Ac, 1814, Svo. Clark, RobeTt. The Lying Wonders, or rather the Wonderful Lies, Lou., 1600, 4to. 1824''*sv^ ""'^•^■''- "^^^ "^"^ "^ »■ Sheriff in Scotland, lova'^^'^jT"?^' ""^"^ ^•' " Presbyterian minister, b. 181.), at ^ewburyport, Mass. Heaven and its Scriptural Emldems. Memoir of Rev. John E. Emerson. Lectures to loung Men. Review of Prof. Stuart on Slavery Ro manism in America. Life Scenes of the Messiah. Also i-amphlets. Sermons, Ac, and contributions to various journals. Clark, S. Description of the World, 1689, fmo Clark, Samuel. Laws of Chance, Ac, 1758-77 ' .«.,?' '^'"""•-''' Theory and P. of Mechanics, 1763, 04, 4t0. ' Clark, Rev. Samuel A., an Episcopal minister, b. at Newburyport, Mass. Memoir of the Rev. Albert W Duy, prefixed to a vol. of Mr. Diiy's sermons, Phila , 1846 n 8vo, and pub. separately by (he American S. S. Union.' Hist, of St. John's Church, Elizabethtown, N.J., 1703-1857, Phila., 1857. 12mo. See Murray, Nicholas, DD., No. 1. laE « ',^**'P'"'" ^*''' '^- '" ^'-Y-: grad. Amherst Coll., i8.J7. Analysis of the English Language. Practical Gram- mar. Etymological Chart. EngUsi'lan^'ai;."'""" " ™" "™ ""^ '"'''^ etymology of the Clark, T. Perpetuation or Extinction of the Eeclesi astical Jurisdiction in Temponal Concerns, Lon., 1840 Svo" r^ *''^ ' ?^*'"""»s. Nature.&c.of Fever, Edin.,]801,8vo' C ark, Thomas. Long-Shore Pilot, Lon., 1810,8v" J^i ' . ' gliomas. System of Arithmetic, 1812, Svo _C lark, 1 homas. Hist, of Intolerance, Lon Svo pr^ui^^i^^it^s^i^r- -'''"'-' '"^*"'^ --^ ""=-< CLA CLA Clark, Thomas M., D.D., Bishop of the P.E. Church I in the State of Khnde Island, b. in Is^ewburyport, Mass. ' Lecture:^ on the Formation of Character, Hartford, 1S52, ' 12mo. Purity a Source of Strength. The Efficient Sun- day-School Teacher. An Efficient Ministry. Early Disci- pline and Culture, Prov., 1855, 12mo. Other publications. Clark, W. Hist, of England; ed., with Addits. and Ques- tions, by Prof. J. C. Moffat, of Princeton Coll., Ciu., 1851. Clark, W. B. Asleep in Jesus, Phila., 18mo. Clavk, Wilfred. Serms., Lon., 1754, '97, 4to. Clark, William. The Grand Tryal; or, Poetical Excereitations upon the Book of Job, Edin., 1685, fol. "A very liberal and respectably-executed paraphrastic version: tbo coinnion En^'li^h translation is given on tlio margin." — Orme. Clark, William. The Restless Ghost; or, Wonder- ful News from N.irtbamptonshire and Southwark, 4to. Clark, William. 1. Tythes. 2. Relief of the Poor, 1-^15. .S\-o. Clark, William George, M.A. Gazpacho; or, Sum- mer Months in Spain, Oxfurd, 1S50, 8vo. Peloponnesus: Notes uf Study and Travel, 8vo. " For archajological illustrations relafiii;^' to "Mycf-nae, Mantinea, and Olympia, the Styx, the site of tlip lnitllM-iji-lil of Mantinea, botanical notes upon the banks of the Ladon ainl the Kurotas, the flowers of asphodel, the brai.-keu3. the pools fringed with lashes of fern, which the modern Greeks call poetically ' black eyes,' we have much pleasure in referring the reader to this scholar-like voUime, fullof 'beauty with simplicity.'" — Zion..4(/jen., No. 1601, July 3.1858. Clark, "William H. Water Colours, Lon., 1807, fol. Clark,WiUisGaylord,lS10-1841,anativeof Otisco, New York, proprietor and editor of the I'enerable Phila- delphia Gazette, gained great distinction in the walks of both poetry and prose. As specimens of the former, we need only select from the many pieces the '* Song of May," " Memory," and "A Lament." His facility and excellence in prose composition will be seen by reference to Ollnpo- diana, (New York. 1S44, 8vo,) a series of papers contri- buted to the New York Knickerbocker Magazine, of which his brother, Lewis Gaylord Clark, was, and still is, editor. His Poems, also, have been pub. in a collective form. See Qriswold's Poets and Poetry, also bis Prose Writers of America; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. *' These three numbers of Mr. Clark's writings contain a series of essays and sketches, under the rather liintastic title of ' Ollapo- diana,' which were originally published in the Knickerbocker. They are written in a free and flowing style, merry and sad by turns, now in the sunshine and now in the shade, but always with an undercurrent of deep feeling, in whii h thern are no impurities. Occasionally poems, sometimes original and at others selected, are introduced, showing the taste and graceful power of the author, and the habitual tendency of his mind toward the beautiful. In- deed, we think Mr. (.'lark a better poet than prose writer. The whole tune of his mind is highly poetical, and his thoughts con- tinually flow into rhythm, if not into rhyme. ... All Jfr. Clark's friends faud few men have had more or warmer ones) will welcome this vdlume. as a minor of his mind, of his quiuntness, his hu- mour, his pathos, his ea.sy, careless manner, his disi-egard of con- ventionalities, and, above all, of his gentle, humane, and generous heart." — N. Amer. i?fi'., Vix. 239: Tfie Litp.rarii Remains of the Ute Willis Gaylord C/ark, Nua. 1, 2, and 3, New York, 184-1, 8vo. Clark, William Tierney, 178;.l-18j2: a distinguished civil engineer. Account of Suspension Bridge across tho Danube, r. 8vo. Clark, Zachary. Charities in Norfolk, 1S12. Clarke's British Gazetteer, Political, Commercial, Ec- clesiastical, and Historical, 1852. 3 vols. imp. Svo. Clarke, Adam, LL.D.. 1762-1832. a native of Ma- gherafclt. near Londonderry, Ireland, was recommended to the notice of the excellent John Wesley, and by his influence placed at the Kingswood School near Bristol. The pur- chase of a Hebrew Grammar led him to cultivate an ac- quaintance with Oriental literature, in which he attained considerable proficiency. When PJ he became an itinerant preacher, and was thus employed for 26 years. In 1805 he settled in London, where he assiduously devoted him- self to a work which engaged his attention more or less for a large portion of his life — the Commentary on the Bible. In 1815 he retired to an estate at Millbrook, in Lancashire, purchased for hina by some generous friends. In 1826 he visited the Shetland Isles, to ascertain the condition of the Methodist Mission, established by the conference, at his suggestion, in 1822. In 1823 he returned to London, but finding his health impaired, removed to the parish of Rus- lip, in Middlesex, where be remained until his death in 1832. Dr. Clarke was eminent for industry, piety, and zeal. His Commcntiiry on the Scriptures will carry his name to the remotest generation. Dissertation on the Use and Abuse of Tobacco, I^on.. 1797, Svo. A Bibliographical Dictionary, Liverp. and Manchest., 1802, '04, 6 vols. 12mo; Supplement. Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 12mo. This work is not entirely without merit, although frequently inaccurate, but tho miserable paper on which it is printed, and the trouble of consulting 8 small volumes, are sufiicient to repel aught save the most determined bibiiogrnphical zeal. It includes the' Vvh'de of the 4th ed. of Harwood's View of the Classics. 100 copies of the Dissertation on Polyglot Bibles was pub. separately, 1823. Baxter's Christian Directory Abridged, 1804, 2 vols. Svo. A new edit, of Claude Fleury's Hist, of the Ancient Israelites, [trans, into Engli^h by Farneworth, Lon.. 1756, Svo.] 1805, 12mo. Ptespecling this valuabla work see Bishop Home's Discourse, vol. i. The Eucharist, 1808, 8vo. The Succession of Sacred Literature, 1807, 12mo and Svo; 1821, 12mo; new edit., 1831, 2 vols. Svo; vol. 2d, by Rev. J. B. B. Clarke. This valuable catena ex- tends from Moses, B.C. 1451, to Thomas Wicke, a.d. 1299. No bibliographer should be without it. "The whole contains much important information relative to biblical and ecclesiastical literature." — Home's Bihl. Bib'. A new ed. of Shuekford's Connexion, 1803, 4 vols. Svo. Illness and Death of Richard Porson. Sturm's Reflectiona on the AVorksof God and his Providence,trans. from the Ger- man, 2 vols. Svo ; 4 vols. 12nio ; 3 vols. 12mo ; 2 vols. 12mo. " Kay, Derham, and Sturm, make Science the handmaid to Iteli- gion, by interspersing serious and devotional reflections with scientitic information." See Andrews, Eliza. The Holy Bible, with a Com- mentary and Critical Notes, Lon., 1810-26, 8 vols. 4to,- improved cd., 183.3, '34, 4to; also in royal Svo; new ed. io 60 parts, 2((. each, or 6 vols. imp. Svo, 1851. "^'ow, my dear Kverett, tell Mr. Tej^g it will not be to him a secrmd-Uand edition, for the multitudinous emendations and cor- rections from the author's own and last hand will ^\\& him a com- plete new copyi ijiht. A. Clarke." A Supplementary volume, entitled The Biblical Com- panion, by another hand. Dr. Clarke culled his materials from more than two thousand hooks in various languages. " It is assuredly a wonderful performance, carried on as it was, in the midst of journeyinys and privations — of weai-iness and pain- fulness — of care and distraction; and carried on too by an unaided and single-handed man; for he himself affirms that he had no mortal to alTord him the smallest assistance." — Lowndes. '•It displays much learning and vast reading. It dwells fre- quently on minute points of comparatively small importance, and touches some other points very lightly. . . . The doctrines of Armi- nius appear in it, but are not offensively urged; and those who cjinnot afford to purchase many books, will find in the stores of Dr. Clarke's Commentary valuable assistance for the understanding of the Bible."— Or /HP's Bill. Bib. '■ The literary world in general, and biblical students in particn- lar, are greatly indebted to Dr. Clarke for the light he has thrown on many very difficult passages." — Hornets Bihl. Bib. "A wonderful. monument of the author's erudition and perse- vemnco. . . . Dr. Adam Clarke has done more to promote the popular study of the sacred books in Kngland than any other man what- ever; and at the same time he ha.s carefully applied them to the advancement of personal godliness." — Dr. E. Wjlli.vus: Christian Preacher. "There is much valu.ible matter in it. Light is sometimes thrown on difficult passages: but he is too fond of innovations, and justi- fying generally condemned characters, and has both eccentric and exceptionable passages ; yet he often makes good practical remarks.'* — BiCKEBSTETH : Chri.'itiaji Student. Harmer's Observations, with his Life; 5th and best ed., 1816, 4 vols. Svo, by Dr. A. Clarke. Clavis Biblica, or a Compendium of Biblical Knowledge, 1820, Svo. Memoirs of the Wesley Family, Svo. " To those who have read the Memoir of the Wesley Family no recommendation of ours will enhance its value. To those, on the contrary, who have that pleasure in reserve, we can promise an exquisite treat." — Lon. Wotc/iman. Dr. Clarke, assisted by his eldest son, J. W. Clarke, and Mr. Holbrooke, laboured for some time in the preparation of a new edit, of Rymer's Foedera. Vol. i. and the 1st part of v(d. ii. {pub. ISIS) bear his name. He did not con- tinue his labours on this undertaking. The Gospels Har- monized. Arranged by Samuel Dunn, 1836. Svo. His Mis- cellaneous Works were pub. in 13 vols. 12mo, 1836, Ac. '"Dr. Clarke's Miscellaneous Works are worthy of a place in every theological library. The four volumes of Sermons which they con- tain are very valuable. They are argumentative, evangelical, and impressive. All that Dr. Clarke wiote bears evident marks of re- search and of strong sense." — Dr. E. Williams: Christian Pi-eacJu-r. Memoirs, ed. by J. B. B. Clarke, 1832, 3 vols. Svo. See a review of this work by Southey, in the Quar. Rev., li. 1 17. Clarke, Alexander. Theob.g, treatises, 1763, 79. Clarke, Ahired, 1590-1742. Fellow of Corpus Christi College. Cambridge, 1718; Prebendary of Exeter, 1731; Dean of Exeter. 1740. Serms., 1726, "'31, '37, '41. Cha- racter of Queen Caroline, 173S, Svo. '"IIh is s;ud to have spent the wholt? surplus of his annual income in works of hospitality and charity." Clarke, Andrew. A Tour in France, Italy, and Swit- zerland in 18-10 and 1S41, Lon., IS4.3, p. Svo. "The author's description of manners or localities is always ac- ceptable: he never tells more than the reader wishes to know."— Edin. Eveni7ig Cfmrant. Clarke, Anne. Literary Patchwork; or a CoUectioa of Prose and Verse, 1813, Svo. CLA CLA Clarke, Anthony, Public Accounts, 1782, 4to. Clarke, Sir Arthur. Essay ou Bathing, Lon., 12mo. "This work will be found to contain more useful instruction, and more valuable practical remarks than any that has appeared on the subject." — Lon. Gazette of Health. Diseases of the Skin, 12mo. Use of Iodine, Ac, 12mo. Manual for Preservation of Health, 12mo. Mother's Medi- cal Assistant. 12mo. Clarke, C. L. Chancery Cases, Rochest., 18-11, 8vo. Clarke, Charles, Antiquarian treatises, 1751-94. Clarke, Charles. Treatise on Gypsum, 1792, 8vo. '■With an account of its extraordinary effects as a manure; cheap ; and more productive to vegetation than auy hitherto made use of." Clarke, Charles C. Hundred Wonders, 1S18, 12mo. Clarke, Charles M. Diseases of Females, 1814, 8vo. Clarke, Cuthbert. 1. The True Theory and Prac- tice of Husbandry, deduced from Philosophical Researches and Experience, Lon., 1775, 4to. 2. Weights and Mea- sures, Edin., 17S9, 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. For other treatises on Weights and Measures, see Adams. John Qtincy; Alexander, John Henry, Ac. Clarke, Edward, 1730-1786, educated at St. John's College, Cambridf;e, Rector of Pepperharrow, Surrey, 1758 ; Chaplain to the Embassy at Madrid, 1760. Letters con- cerning the Spanish Nation, Lon., 1765, 4to. They treat of antiquities and Spanish literature. In the Appendix will be found a catalogue of the MSS. in the Library of the Escurial. A Defence of General Johnstone, 1767. A Letter, 1765. Serm., 1759, 4to. Proposals for a folio ed. of the Greek Testament. Clarke, Edward Daniel, LL.D., 17G9-1822, one of the most distinguished of modern travellers, second son of the preceding, entered Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1786; in 1S05 he received the College living of Harlton. and sub- sequently the living of Yeldham. In 1807 his Lectures on Mineralogy, delivered at Cambridge, excited much atten- tion, and in the following year the University established a Professorship of this science iu favour of Dr. Clarke. In 1790 he travelled with a pupil, a nephew of the Duke of Dorset, through parts of Great Britain and Ireland. He pub. an account of this tour in 1793. 8vo. This volume is now rare : many copies having been bought up by the author, who regretted its publication. *' It is throughout natural, eloquent, characteristic of youthful ardour and spirit, and strongly indicative of feelings which do honour to the goodness and humanity of his heart.-' See Otter's Life of Clarke. The Colossal Statue of Ceres at Cambridge, 1803, Svo. The Tomb of Alexander in the British Museum, Camb., 1805. 4to; repub., Lou., 1806, Svo. "Dr. Clarke and his friends have taken no ordinary pains to prove the curious chest which is now in the British Museum, to be the actual depository of the Macedonian Hero: and they have brought to;;;ether a body of materials which certainly does credit to their learning." — Lon. Annual Review. The Mineral Kingdom, Lon., 1806, fol. Letter to the Gentlemen of the British' Museum, 1807, 4to. The Greek Marbles at Cambridge, Camb., 1809, Svo. Letter to Her- bert Marsh, D.D., Lon., 1812. Svo. Chemical Con. to Ann. Philos., 1816, '17. In 1798, in company with a pupil, Mr. Cripps, he made the extensive tour, the description of which has conferred so much just celebrity on Dr. Clarke's name. Their absence, which it was intended should not exceed six mouths, was prolonged to three years and a half. The travellers visited Denmark, Sweden. Lapland, Finland, Russia, Tartary, Circassia, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Greece; return- ing home from Constantinople, across the Balkan moun- tains, through Germany and France. The medals, mine- rals, plants, and MSS., collected during this tour, were sold to tlie Bodleian Library. Dr. Clarke's Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, r. Ihbdin's Library Companion. '* Few travellers can be compared with Dr. Clarke, whether wo consider the number of countries which he visited, the extentand variety of his researches, or the diligence and success with which he applied himself to collect materials, illustrations of natural philosophy, antiquities, and the fine arts." — Museum Criticum, Oiinhridge. " He has a power of selecting object.';, and raciness in describing them, almost unparalleled. Few men have seen so much as this lively and interesting traveller, and still fewer have so well de- scribed what they have seen."' — Lon. Quarterly Heview. *' On all the topics which interest a traveller. Dr. Clarke's infor- mation is important and extensive; and we accordingly find in these volumes a vast body of matter exceedingly valuable for rec- tifying the errors of other writers, and for increasing our know- ledge of countries aspiring to the first rank among European na- tions." — Edin. Bevieu'. " No man has surveyed the world with the advantages of more various learning, or has communicated to the public the results of his remarks on mankind, in a style more distinguished for clear- ness, elegance, and facility, than the learned and intelligent author of these matchless volumes." — L071. Ectfctic Revitvj, " The accomplished and famed traveller of Cambridge. He is a most favourable specimen of English travellers, and does honour to the great Vniversity of which he was such a distinguished or- nament." — BlacJcwood''s Muyazine. Let no fireside circle complain of ''dull winter even- ings" until they have exhausted the volumes which con- tain Dr. Clarke's fascinating descriptions of his peregri- nations. The 4to ed., pub. at £27 2s., can now be had for £6 to £8; and the Svo ed., pub. at £10, for about three guineas. Let there be added the Life and Remains of Dr. Clarke, by his friend, Mr. Otter, Lon., 1824, 4to. Clarke, Edward Goodman, M.D. The Modern Practice of Physic. Lon., 1805, Svo. "This volume may be recommended to the student as contain- ing the best compendium of modern improvement in medicine and therapeutics which we have had occasion to peruse." — Lon. Critical Review. '' We earnestly recommend this work as deserving of the atten- tion, particularly, of the junior branches of the profession ; as it is written in an able and scientific manner." — Lon. Med. Journal. The New London Practice of Physic ; 7th ed., Lon., 1811, Svo. Other profess, treatises, 1799, ISIO. Clarke, Edmund William. Serms., Lon., 1835, Svo. Clarke, Francis. See Clerke. Clarke, Francis F. Serms., Lon., 1839, Svo. Clarke, Francis L. 1. Geography. 2. Wellington, 1810, '12. Clarke, Geo, The Landed Man's Assist. 1715, 12mo. Clarke, George. Theolog. treatises, 1789,lS00,12mo. Clarke, George Somers, D.D. Trans, of CEdipus, Lon., 1791, Svo. Verses, 179:^, 4to. Serms., 1808. He- brew Criticism and Poetry, 1810, Svo. Clarke, H, J. Two Serms., Lon., 1851, Svo. Clarke, Henry, 1745-1818, a mathematician, Profes. R. Military Cull, at Marlow. The Summation of Series, trans, from the Latin, Lon., 1780, 4to. Practical Perspect- ive, 1776. Virgil Revindicated, being a reply to Bishop Horslcy. 1809. 4to. Other publicjitions. Clarke, Henry. Angels, a Poem, Lon., 1848, 12mo. Poems on the Church, itc, Lon., 1842, 12mo. "They fully merit the riniiiiiriKbitinn which we remember to have seen bestowed by the Uriti>h Criti.-on a previous volume." — JCnyliiihman's Mug.; and see t'lnistian Remembrancer. Clarke, Hewson. Saunterer, 1806, 2 vols. 12mo. Art of Pleasing, 1807, Svo. Campaign in Russia, 1813, Svo. Clarke, Hyde, has pub. several works, and contri- buted the Statistical Information to 1850, in Porter and Long's Geography of England and Wales. CLA, "We cannot, speak too highly of the statistical portion, whifh contains a complete view, in a condensed form, of the whole body of statistirs relating tn Enj^Iand and Wales, brought down to the present time." — Civil Engtnctrs Journal. See Porter, G. R. Clarke, J., M.D. Seder 01am; or the Order of Ages. From the Latin, Lou., 1696, 8vo. Clarke^ J- Clerk's Assistant, Lon., 1783, 12mo. Clarke, J. B. B., son of Dr. Adam Clarke. Concise View of the Succession of Sacred Literature, vol. ii., Lon., 1832, 8vo. Memoirs of Adam Clarke, Ac. : see Adam Clarke. Serms., 1S33, 8vo. *■ They evince an earnestness of appeal, grounded upon solid argument, and urged with considerable animation." — Lon. Otris- tian liememhrancer. Clarke, J. H. Effects of Landscape Scenery, 1812: pub. at £5 5». Clarke, J. W. See Clarke, Aham. Clarke, James. Topograph, works, 1787, '93. Clarke, James. Puhlications on Politics, Political Economy, and Religion, 1809, ']1. Clarke, James Edward. Dissert, on the Dragon, Beast, and False Prophet of the Apocalypse, Lon., 1814, 8vo. *' We caunot agree with the author in many of his explanations: yet we have read his work with some degree of satisfaction, and think he has succeeded in throwing additinnal li^ht on some of the obscure subjects which he undertakes to illustrate." — Lon. EdfCtic Review. Clarke, James Freeman, a native of Boston. Mass., a minister of the gospel, fci-merly editor of The Western Messenger, pub. in 1846 a Poem delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society. See some of his minor poems in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. Clarke, James Stanier, d. 1834, brother of Dr. Edward Daniel Clarke, the celebrated traveller, was Do- mestic Chaplain and Librarian to George IV., Vioar of Preston, Rector of Coombs, and Canon of Wimlsor. Naval Serms., Lon., 1798, 8vo. The Progress of Maritime Discovery, vol. i. ; all pub. 1803, 4to. This work was left incomplete, but it is well worth purchasing were it only for its analytical Catalogue of Voyages and Travels in all languages. An ed. of Falconer's Shipwreck. 1804, 8vo. Naufragia, 1805, 2 vols. 12mo, In conjunction with Dr. McArthur, The Life of Lord Nelson, 1809, 2 vols. 4toj Abridgt., 1810, 8vo. "Every Englishman ought to possess this interesting and im- portant biography, forming a complete naval history of the last half century." Serm., 1811. An ed. of Lord Clarendon's Essays, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. The Life of James II. : pub. from the ori- ginal Stuart MSS., 1816, 2 vols. 4to. "From such a treasure as tliis .luuinal [James IT.'s MSS.] it isa matter to be lamented, and imli'id lit-servinf; of extreme surprise, that such a historian as Iluim- did im more than produce a sint^le extract."— J°/vj/. Smyth's Led. en M, liii. 205. The collector of books upon American History should procure Lieut. Clarke's Narrative. Clarke, John. Serm., 1803, 4to. Clarke, John. Illustrations of the Morning Service of the Church of England, 1804, 12mo. Clarke, John, D.D., 1755-1798, a minister of Boston, Mass. Serms.. .tc, 1784-1804. Clarke, John. Serms., Ac, 1808, '12. Clarke, John. Bibliotheca Legum : Complete Cata- logue of the Common and Statute Books of the United Kingdom; new edit., 1819, Lon., 18mo. This excellent catalogue — most elaborately arranged according to sub- jects, yet rendered easy of consultation by a general in- dex — should be in every public library and on every law- yer's table. We refer below to several works of a similar character. A comprehensive Bibliotheca Legum is still a dfsidcratmn. The profession will see that we have not entirely neglected so important a subject. See "Bridgman, Rd. W. ; Brooke, Edward; Hoffmax, David; Marvin, J. G. j "Worrall, John. Clarke, John. An Inquiry into the nature and value of Lauded and Household Property, Ac, Lon., 180&, Svo. We have no doubt that this work should be attributed to John Cliirk, the author of the Caledonian Bards, Ac. We have, therefore, placed it under his name, also, and sup- plied the abiive date. Clarke, John. Sixteen Serms., Camb., 1829, Svo. Clarke, John L, A Rule how to bring up Children, Lon., 158S, Svo. This work is based upon the Bible; the only competent "rule" for men, women, and children. Clarke, Jos. Serm., Lon., 1691. Clarke, Joseph. Thculog. treatises, Lon., 1746, '49. Clarke, Joseph, M.D. Profess, con. to Med. Com., 1790; Phil. Trans., 1786,- Trans. Irish Acad., 1788. Clarke, L. History of the Bible, 1737, 2 vols. 4to. Clarke, L. Letter to Henry Brougham, 1818, Svo. Clarke, M. A., M.D. Management of Children, from the Time of Birth to the Age of Seven Years, Lon., 1773, Svo, Clarke, M'Donald, 1798-1842, known for many years in N.Y. as The Mad Poet. We are indebted to Duyc- kincks' Cyclopedia for the following li^t of his publications," 1. Review of The Eve of Eternity, and ..ther Poems, 1820. 2. The Elixirof Moonshine; beingac-^Uection of Prosoand Poetry, by the Mad Poet, 1822. 3.'Thc Gossip; or, A Laugh with the Ladies, a Grin with the Gentlemen, Ac, 1825. 4. Sketches, 1826. 5. Afara; or. The Belles of Broadway, 2 Series. 6. Poems, 1836. 7. A Cross and a Coronet, 1841, Clarke, Mary Ann. The Rival Princes, 1810, 2 vols. Svo. Letter to Rt. Hon. W. Fitzgerald, 1813, Svo. Mrs. Clarke received £10,000 and an annuity of £600 for sup- pressing an edition of 10.000 copies of another work. See Timperley's Encyclopaedia of Literary and Typographical Anecdote. Lon., 1839. r. Svo. Clarke, Mary Cowden, an English lady, for some years past resident at Nice, has distinguished herself for all future time by the successfid execution of one of the happiest literary projects which ever entered into the ima- gination of man or woman. That laborious index-maker, Samuel Ayscough, had pub. in 17U0 a Copious Index to the Remarkable Passages and Words made use of by Shaks- peaie ; reprinted, Dublin, 1791, and Lon., 1827, Svo. Francis Twiss also gave to the world in 1805-07, 2 vols. Svo, a Complete Verbal Index to the Plays of Shakspeare. But these works, which had cost the authors such an outlay of time and toil, were very incomplete, and perhaps more frequently productive of headaches and new instances of the " pursuit of knowledge under difficulties," than suc- cessful explorations. Now, it occurred to Mrs. Clarke that a Complete Concordance to the Dramatic Works of Shaks- peare would bo invaluable to the literary world, and would enter into a companionship with the great bard as close and enduring as that which subsists between Coke and Littleton. Or if Mrs. Clarke did not exactly think all this, we may be allowed to think it for her. To this vmg- nnm opus, pub. in 1846, she devoted the untiring labour of sixteen years, twelve in the preparation of the MS. and four more in guiding it through the press. The length of time employed will not seem extravagant, when we con- CLA' Bider tlint the 2578 colnnins which compose the work con- tain about ^^09,000 Hues, each one of which required, both in MS. anrl print, a rigid scrutiny. How faithfully this duty was discharged, may be judged from the fact, that the table of errata contains but thirteen lines; all of which are omissions merely: as to errors, we have no evidence of their existence. The reader will feel a great curiosity to know the modus ojierandi adopted in such an Herculean undertaking : " We had been erroneously informed that each line of the Con- cordance was written on a separate slip of paper, and put into baskets alphabetically arranged. Had this been so, we opine it would have required buck-baskets as large as that into which fat Jack was so unceremoniously thrust, and a room to hold them as capacious as fSt, (Jeorge's Hall, in Windsor Castle. Far different and more ingenious was the mode pursued." — H. Balmanno; see A Testimonial to Mrs. Mary Cowden Clarke, New York, lSo2, pri- vately piinted for subscribers only. We trust that we shall not be blamed if we gratify a laudable curiosity, by an extract from a letter from Mrs. Clarke to the author of this Dictionary, in which the grand secret is disclosed : "The method I pursued was this: — I had a wide-backed port- folio for each letter of the Alphabet, (in some instances — as S, for example — it required two portfolios.) I took afresh sheet of paper for each word I inscribed. I worked straight throuj.'h two pages of Phakesptjai-eas they lay open before me, letter Ity letter, thus: — ■ suppose the top line of the pajic was *■ Angrls are tiri;i;ht still, thou^-h the brightest fell :' I entered the word ' Anjiel' under its properhead.andall the succeeding words beginning with A through the two pages; then 'fell,' and so on, till the whole of the two pages Were gone through; and then on to two more. At the end of each play, I collected all ih^ fdled pages of the MS., that my portfolio might be as little loaded as need be; but even with this precaution, the bulb in use was very large. However, although the bulk may be increased by using a fi-.'sh sheet for each word, yet I think the advantage of clearness tlius olit.iined quite coun- terbalances the inconvenience, &c." — D--ri:h<.s(i:r Terrace, Bays- vjater, March 25, 1852. So admirably simple and ingenious was the path which led the adventurer safely through this wJlileniess of words. Every one who has a Shakspkaue — as ''who hath not, that hath" a book at all — should immediately procure Mrs. Clarke's invaluable Con'cordanck. Let tho reader add to this volume Mrs. Clarke's Girlhood of Shakspere's Hero- ines; Shakspere Proverbs; Kit Bam's Adventures, and The Iron Cousin, or Mutual Influence. '•Mis. Cowden Clarke, whose Concordance of Shakspeare shows such ma&tery of the letter of the poet's works, now evince.s her appreciation of their Rpirit in a series of fictions entitled The Girllicod of Shakspcare's Heroines." — Dichens^s Household Narra- tives. World-Noted Woman ; or, Types of Particular Womanly Attributes of All Lands and Ages Illustrated, N.Y., 1858, Svo. This elaborate volume was prepared by Mrs. Clarke at the suggestion of the Messrs. Api)lcton, the well-known publishers of New York. Mrs. Clarke has also trans, from the French Catel's Treatise on Harmony, and Cherubiui's Treatise on Counterpoint and Fugue. Clarke, Matthew, li504-172t>, a. Dissenting minister in London. .Serins.. 17IK '21, '23, '27. Clarke, Matthew St, Clair, an.l D, A, Hall. His- tory of the Bank of the United States. Washington, 1S32, Svo, pp. 80S. See North American Review, July. 1832. Cases of Contested Elections in Congress, from 17S9 to 1834, inclusive, Washington, Svo. M. St. C. C. and Peter Force: Documentary History of the American Revolution, Washington, 1S38, fob; pp. 943. This voL extends from March 1, 1774, to May 2, 1775. '•It includes all the debates in the English House of Lords and in the Commons. ... It is a documentary history such as never before existed, when the greatest minds of the age were brought into collision, and met to discuss the doctrines and the riiihts which were effecting a change in the destiny of the race." — North American Review, AjtriJ, 1S38; q.v. See Force, Peter. Clarke, Reuben. Serms., Lon.. 1767, '95, Svo. Clarke, Richard, an English divine, was some time Rector of St. Philip's Church, Charleston. S. Carolina. He returned to England in 1759, and in 1768 was curate of Cheshunt in Hertfordshire. Theolog. treatises, 1759-95. Clarke, Richard, M.D. Plan for increasing Naval Force of Great Britain, Lon., 1795, Svo. Medical Stric- tures, 1799, 8vo. Clarke, Rev. Robert. Med. Ac. eon. to Phil. Trans., 1697, 1748. Clarke, Robert. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1795. Clarke, Saiimel, 15'.)9-16S2. a native of Worlston, Warwickshire, educated at Emanuel C^dlege, Minister of St. Bennet Fink, ejected, 1062, pub. several valuable theo- logical works. The Saint's Nosegay, Lon., 1642, 12mo. A Looking Glass for Saints and Sinners, and Lives of Persons eminent for Piety, 1646, 12mo; 1672, fol. ; vol.ii., 1673, foL OLA " lie must have turned over a prodigious number of volumes to accumulate such a mass of anecdote." Marrow of Ecclesiastical History, 1650, 2 vols. 4to; best ed., 1675, fol. Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons in this Latter Age. 1683, fol. *' Various particulars of the lives of eminent men, not now to be found elsewhere." — EicKERSTKTn. General Martyrology, 1651, fol.; the same, with the Lives of 32 EngHsh Divines, 1652, fol.; with addits., 1677, fol. The Marrow of Divinity. 1650, fol. New Descrip- tion of tho World, 1689. ful. Other works. "The value of most of his lives is, that they are taken from scarce volumes and tracts, which it would now be extremely diffi- cult, as well as expensive, to procure." Clarke, Samuel, 1623-1669, an eminent Oriental scholar, a native of Brackley, Northamptonshire, entered of Merton College, Oxford, 1638. assisted Walton in his Polyglot Bible. Varise Lectiones et Observationes iu Chaldaicam Paraphrnsim. — i^olyj. BibL, vol. vi. Scien- tia Metriea et Rhythmica. Oxon.. 1661, Svo. Beracoth, 1667, Svo. See a descripti^m of his works, printed and in MS., in Athen. Oxon. Wuod tells us that he was '• Ilight famous fi^r Orieutal learning." Clarke, Saninel, 1626-1700-01, son of Samuel Clarke the Martyrologiat, was educated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. The Old and New Testament, with Annota- tions and Scriptural Passages, Lon., 1690, Svo; 1735, '60, fol.; Glasg., 1765, fol. This commentary was the princi- pal employment of his life. '■ This work is recommended by Owen, Bates, Baxter, and Howe. Except the parallel Scriptures, however, it does not appear to me to possess great value, or to contain much original composition. It is generally very judicious, and is recommended by the Uishop of Chester."— 0?-?H<''.>t Bibl. Bib. "The selection of parallel texts is admirable; and the notes, though very brief, are written with great judgment." — Uurne's Bibl. Bib. " The notes are very short, sometimes only a single sentence, but generally excellent. Dr. Doddridge made it his commonplace book." — Bichersieth''s Christian .Stmh'y/t. It is also highly recommended by Bishop Cleaver, Dr. Calamy, and others. '•It has been an excellent fund for .some modern commentators, who have republished a great part of it. with very little alteration." Abridgt. of tho Hist, Part of the 0. and N. Testaments, 1690, Svo. Survey of the Bible, 1693, 4to. "A useful analysis of each chapter." — Bicker stHh's Chris. Stitdent Serm.. 1693, 4to. Brief Concordance of the Holy Scrip- tures, 1606, 12mo. A Discourse of Justification, 1698, 4to. Clarke, Samuel, D.D., 1675-1729, one of the most celebrated of English philosophers and divines, was a na- tive of Norwich, where his father, Edward Clarke, was an alderman. He entered Caius College. Cambridge, in 1691 ; Chaplain to Dr. Moore, Bishop of Norwich. 1698, who gave hitu the rectory of Drayton ; Rector of St. Bennet's, PauTa Wharf. London, 1706 ; Rector of St. James's, Westminster, 1709. When only twenty years of age he distinguished I himself by a successful effort to substitute the Newtonian for the Cartesian philosophy, which still prevailed at Cam- bridge. The physics of Rohault, *'a work entirely Car- tesian," was the Cambridge text-book. The Latinity of this work was very defective, and this fact gave Clarke an opportunity to supplant its principles under the cloak of a better translation, and supplementary notes. "A new and more elegant translation was published by Dr. [then Mr.] Samuel Clarke, with the .addition of notes, in which that profound and ingenious writer explained the views of Newton on the piincipal subjects of di-scussion, so that the notes contained virtually a refutation of the text: they did so, however, only vir- tually: all appearance of argument and controversy being care- fully avoided. Whether this escaped the notice of the learned doctors or not, is uncertain; but the new translation, from its better Latinity. . . . was readily admitted to all the academical honours which the old one had enjoyed. Thus the stratagem of Dr. Clarke completely succeeded ; the tutor might prelect from the text, but the pupil would sometiniea look into the notes; and error is never so sure uf being exposed aa when the truth is placed I close to it, side by side, without any thing to alarm prejudice or I awaken from its lethargy the dread ufinnuvat ion."— Prof. Playfair. I "This certainly was a more prudent method of introducing I truth unknown before, than to attempt to throw aside this treatise ' entirelv and write a new one inste.id of it. The success answered exceedingly well to his hopes; and he may justly be styled a great benefactor to the university in this attempt. For by this means the true philosophy has. without any noise, prevailed ; and to this day the translation of Rohault is, geuerally speaking, the stand- ing text for lectures, and his notes the first dh-ection to those who are willing to receive the truth of things, in the place of invention and romance."' — Bishop Hoaply. Of this translation there have been four editions ; the last and best, in 1718. 8vo. A translation of Rohault into English, with Dr. Samuel Clarke's Notes, was made by the brother of the latter, Dr. John Clarke, Dean of Sarum, Lon., 1710. 2 vols. 8vo. Our author, having chosen divinity as his profession, ap- CLA CLA plied himself with much zeal to theological learning, in ' which lie made great att:unments. Three Practical Es- j gays on Baptism. Confirmation, and Repentance, 1699, 8vo. "Mr. Whiston esteems these Essays the most serious treatises Dr. Clarke ever wrote, and which, with a little correction, will Btill be very useful in all Christiau families." — Biot/. Brit. But (indi alttrain partem : '■The>;..' pubIi.-ations trave little promise of Clarke's subsequent perftiruKinces. They are destitute of orJ<:;inaUty and acuteness; nor is there any thing in the style to compensate for medioL-rity of thouL'lit and illustration." — Cu7}7ungfia>iis Bug. Hist, of Eng. Reflections on Amyntor, 1(199. Paraphrases upon the Gospclof St. Matthew, 1701; St. Mark and St. Luke, 1702; St. John : often reprinted under the title of A Paraphrase on the Four Evangelists, 2 vols. 8vo. " Dr. Clarke's Paraphrase deserves an attentive reading : he narrates a story in handsome laniruage, and connects the parts well ' to;z:etber; but fiails much in emphasis, and seems to mistake the order of the histories." — Dr. Doddridge. " Dr. Clarke was a superior scholar, and a man who studied the liible with attention, though some of its grand doctrines were not correctly understood by him. . . . Those who are partial to para- phrases of the Bible, which the author of this work is not, will find Clarke and Pyle not inferior to the generality of parapbrasts.'' —Orme^x Bibl. Bib. Pyle's [Thomas] Paraphrase on the Acts and the Epis- tles, 1725, 2 vols. 8vo, and on the Book of Revelation, 1735, 8vo, were designed as a continuation of Clarke's work. See Pyle, Tuomas. Controversy with Mr. Dodwell re- specting the Immortality of the Soul; five treatises, puh. 1706, '07. Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. The Obligations of Natural Religion, and the Truth and Certainty of the Christiau Revelation, in Answer to Hobbes, Spinoza, &c., being the Substance of 16 Sermons preached 1704, '05. at the Lecture founded bv the Hon. Robert Boyle, 1705 and 1706, 2 vols. 8vo. The first eight sermons are devoted to A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. Very diflferent opinions have been entertained of this celebrated demonstration. The satirical commentary of Pope has but little weight, for the theological opinions of the author of the Dunciad have never been considered especially valuable. Dr. Thomas Brown has a better claim to be heard, and he considers the speculations of Clarke and others of a like character, as •' Kelics of the mere verbal logic of the schools, as little capable of producing conviction as any of the wildest and most absurd of the technical scholastic reasonings on the properties, or supposed properties, of entity and nou-entity." Dugald Stewart acknowledges that "argument a priori has been enforced with singular ingenuity I'v I>r. Clarke," yet he confesses that it *' does not carry complete convic- tion to my mind." Bishop Hoadly, the stout apologist for Clarke, declares that his demonstration " Is one regular building, erected upon an unmovable fbundor tion. and rising up from one stage to another, with equal strength and dignity." Whiston tells us that he was in his garden when Clarke brought him this famous volume : " Now I perceived that in these Sermons he had dealt a great deal in abstract and metaphysical reasonings. T therefore asked him how he ventured into such subtilties, which I never durst meddle with? And shewing him a net tie. or the like contemptible weed, in my garden, I tdd him. that weed contained better argu- ments for the Ueing and Attributes of God, than all his metaphy- sicks. lie confessed it to be so; but alleged for himself. th:it, since such philosophers as Uobbes and i^pinoza had made use of those kind of subtilties against, he thought proper to shew, that the like way of reasoning might be better made use on the sidf of, religiou. "Which rea.son, or excuse, I allowed not to be iuconsidei^ able."' — Hist. Mem.: see Biog. Brit. We think that Clarke's ''reason or excuse" should have been most satisfactory. Agreatphilosopher remarks, with much modesty, of such '* metaphysicks," as Whiston styles them, "These are the speculations of men of superior genius; but whether they be as solid as they are sublime, or whether they be the wanderings of imagination in a region beyond the limits of human understanding, I am unable to determine.'" — Dr. Keid. The topic was not a new one, nor the arguments ad- duced altogether original, even in the English school of philosophy. Ralph Cud worth, Henry More, and John Howe, (especially see The Living Temple.) had all pre- viously been "sailing on this sea of speculation." Trans, of Sir Isaac Newton's Optics into Latin, 1706. Caesar's Commentaries, 1712, fol. " It is no wonder that an edition should he very correct which has passed through the hands of one of the most accurate, learned, and judicious writers this age h;is produced." — Addison: Specta- tor, No. 367. The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity. Lon., 1712, 8vo. This work led to a protracted controversy, in which Dr. Waterland, Mr. Nelson. Edwards. Wells, Gastrell, Whitby, Jackson, and others took part. For a list of the publica- tions of Dr. Clarke and his opponents on this subject, see Watt's Bibl. Bib. and the Biog. Brit.; also Walchii Bibl. Tii-ool. 964-6 ; and T. H. Home's Cat., 2 Col. Library, Camb., vol. i. '■The sentiments of Clarke upon this point were undoubtedly Arian ; but it was an A rianism which approached as closely as pos- sible to the doctrine of the Trinity. He regarded the Son and Holy Spirit as emanations fr^^m the Father, endowed by him with every attribute of Deity, self-existence alone excepted." — Cunningham's Biog. Hist, of England. "Jones and Waterland will furnish a sufficient reply to Clarke." — BiCKERSTETH ; Christian Student. *' The writings of Dr. Clarke on the Trinity contain a great deal of discussion respecting the meaning of Scripture, and occasioned a vei"y extended controversy in England. He seems to have been led to the sentiments adopted and defended, by his metaphysical tone of mind, and by pursuing improperly the language of human creeds respecting the generation of the Son of Ood. The contro- versy tended greatly to spread Arianismoverthecountry." — Orme: Bibl. Bib. Clarke was now called upon to defend the Newtonian philosophy against Leibnitz, who had represented it to the Princess of Wales, afterwards Queen Consort of George II., as false in philosophy, and dangerous in theology. At the request of the princess, Sir Isaac Newton took up the ma- thematical line of defence, leaving the philosophical branch to Dr. Clarke. The latter pub. the Collection of Papers which passed between him and Leibnitz, relating to the Principles of Natural Philosophy and Religion, in 1717. Discour.se on some 0. T. Prophecies, 1725, 8vo. His dis- cussion with Leibnitz respecting Philosophical Liberty and Necessity was succeeded on the death of Leibnitz by a similar controversy with Anthony^ Collins. Clarke pub. in 1717 his Remarks on Collins's Enquiry concerning Human Liberty. This work and his discussion with Leibnitz were pub. in French by Des Maizeaux in 1720. Seventeen Ser- mons, 1724. Trans, of the iirst Twelve Books of Homer's Iliad, 1729, 4to. Twelve last Books, (partly tran.s. by Dr. Samuel Clarke,) pub. by his son, Samuel Clarke, 17^2, 4to. The Latin version is almost entirely new, and annotations are added at the bottom of the pages. " The translation, with his corrections, m.ny now be styled accu- rate; and his notes, as far as they go. are indeed a treasury of grammatical and critical knowledge." — Bishop Hoadlt. E.\position of the Church Catechism, Lon., 1729, 8vo; 17.10, 8vo, and inhis Works, vol. iii. This Exposition occa- sioned a controversy, in which Drs. Waterland and Sykes and Thos. Emlyn were concerned. Sermons from the au- thor's MSS., by Jno. Clarke. D.D., Dean of Sarum, 1730, '31, 10 vols. 8vo. Eighteen Sermons, 1734, 8vo. Works, with his Life, by Bishop Hoadly, 1738, 4 vols. fol. Homeri Odyssea; Gritce et Latine, 4th ed., Glasg., 1799, 2 vols. Letter to Dr. Hoadly. Mathematical Con. to Phi!. Trans., 1728. **Dr. Clarke was as bright a light and masterly a teacher of truth and virtue as ever yet appeared among us. . . . His sentiments and expressions were so masterly, his w.iy of explaining the phraseology of Scripture by collecting and comparing together the parallel places, so extraordinary aud convincing, as to make his method of preaching so universally accejitable. that there was not a parish- ioner who was not always pleased at his coming into their Pulpit, or who was ever weary of his instruction. lUs works must last as long as any language remaius to convey them to future times." — Bishop Hoadly. " He rarely reaches the sublime, or aims at the pathetic ; hut in a clear, manly, flowing style, he delivers the most important doc- trines, contirmed on every occasion by well-applied passages from Scripture. He was not perfectly orthodox in his opinions; a cir- cumstance which has lowered his character among many." — Da. K.xox. " Kminently and justly celebrated." — Br. Parr. "If a preacher's disposition incline him to the illustration of the sacred text, which, in strict truth, is performing what by his office he has engaged him.self to undertake, that is to say. to preach the word of God, the best models I can think of are the Sermons of Dr. Samuel Clarke of St. .lames's, who is always plain, clear, accurate, and full." — Bishop Warbcrton. '■ I should recommend Dr. Clarke's Sermons, were he orthodox ; however, it is very well known where he was not orthodox, which was upon the doctrine of the Trinity, as t have vi.sited Pompeii iuvariably admit the great accuracy of these little volumes." Clarke, William. See Lewis. Merriwether. Clarke, William A. Abridgt. of Life of Rev. T. Hogg, Lon., 1799, 12mo. Ciarkson, Charles. Serms., Lon., 1773. Clarkson, Christopher. Serms., 1733, '37, 4to. Clarkson,David,1622-10S6,alearned Nonconformist divine. Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, succeeded Dr. Owen, 1683. Primitive Episcopacy, Lon., 16S0, Svo. No Evidence of Diocesan Episcopacy in Primitive Times, 16S1, 4to, in answer to Stillingfleet. Discourse of Litur- gies, 1689, Svo. Serms. and Discourses, 1696, fol. He wrote several treatises against Romanism. "Tillotson, notwithstanding Clarkson's nonconformity, always preserved a very hi;.'h respect for him." " A Divine of extraordinary worth, for solid judgment, healing, moderate principles, acquaintance with the Fathers, great minis- terial ability, and a godly, upright life." — Baxter. "The matter of his Sermons was always judiciously derived fi-om his text, and remarkable for depth and clearness." — Dr. W. BVTES. John Howe and Matt. Mead also recommend his sermons. " Evangelical and comprehensive." — Bickzestetu. Some of them have been printed by the London Reli- gious Tract Society. His attack upon Diocesan Episco- pacy was answered by Henry Maurice, in A Defence of Diocesan Episcopacy, Lon., 1691, Svo, and 1700, Svo. Clarkson, D. A. Designs for Tombs, Monuments, &c., Lon., imp. 4to. Clarkson, Lawrence. Truth released from Prison to its former Liberty. Clarkson, Thomas, 1760-1S46, the di.^tinguished advocate of the abolition of slavery, was educjitcrl ut St. John's College, Cambridge, and took Deacon's order.s. He pub. several Essays against the Slave Trade, 1783, '87, "89, '91, 1S07; a History, &c. of the Abolition of the Slave Trade in ISOS, 2 vols. Svo, and 1839, and a Vindication of this work. A Portraiture of Quakerism, 1S06 and 1809, 3 vols. Svo ; 3d ed.. 1813. 3 vols. Svo. Of the 1st ed. 2500 copies were sold without advertisement. It was reviewed by Lord Jeffrey, Edin. Rev., April, 1807. Memoirs of the Private and Public Life of Wm. Penn, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. " Mr. Clarkson seems to have spared no pains or labour in in- forming himself of every circumstance relative to Penn, whether contained in well-known or obscure works." — I^n. FcJeclic lin-iao. Lord Jeffrey also reviews this work in the Edin. Review for July, 1813, '' It should be sufficient for the glory of William Penn, that he stands upon record as the most humane, the most moderate, and the most pacific of all rulers." — Lord Jeffrey. See T. Taylor's Biog. Sketch of Thomas Clarkson, Lon., 12mo; 2d ed.. by Dr. Stebbing, 1S47. "Mr. Taylor has performed his undertaking with the zeal of an affectionate admirer, and with taste, jud^rment, and accuracy." — London Christian Advocate. See DisoN, William IIepworth. Clarkson, William. Cause of the Increase of Pau- perism and Poor's Rates, with a remedy for the same, Lon.. 1815, Svo. Clarkson, William. Missionary Encourngements in India. Lon., ISmo. "A volume of thrilling interest." India and the Gospel, or an ETn]>ire for the Messiah ; with introduc. by Rev. T. Archer, D.D. " The book should be circulated by tens of thousands." — Lon. Evangdind Mugnzine. Claromont. See Clar.\mont. Clason, Isaac Starr, 1796-1830, a native of New- York, wrote ''the 17th and 18th cantos of Don Juan," — a continuation of Lord Byron's poem. Clatcr, Francis. Every Man his own Farrier. Newk., 1783, Svo ; 28th ed. Lon.. 1843, 12mo. Ry John Clater and W. C. Spooner, with addits. by J. S. Skinner, (Amer. ed.) Every Man his own Cattle Doctor. Lon., 1810. 8vo; 9th ed., Lon., 1842, 12mo ; revised by Wm. Youatt and W. C. Spooner, with addits. by J. S. Skinner, (American ed.) "Clater and Youatt are names treasured by the farming com- munities of Europe as household gods ; nor does that of Skinner deserve to be less esteemed in America."' — Anui-ican Fanner. Mr. Edward JMayhew has recently edited a 29th ed. of tho "Farrier," and a 10th ed. of the "Cattle Doctor." Clavel, Rog:er. Tables of Discount, 16S3, fol. Clavell, John, a highwayman taup. Charles I. Dis- covery of the Highway Law ; with instructions how to shun or apprehend a thief; in verse, Lon., 1628, Svo. Re- cantation of an ill-led Life, 1634, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 109, £3 8*. This gentleman-robber was a nephew of Sir N. Clavell. "Clavell hepe [in his Recantation] recites his own adventures on thehi'-'hwav. His first depredations are onGad's-hiU." — Wurton's Hid. Eng. rortri/. Clavell, Robert. Dominion of the British Seas, Lon., 1665. Svo. General Catalogue of Books printed in England, 1666-16S0; Lon.. 16S0, '81, '82. Clavering, Henry. A Select Law Library, 1817, Svo, Clavering, Robert, d. 1747; Bishop of Llandaff, 1724; trans, to Peterborough, 1728. Moses Maimonides, Ox., 1705, 4to; Perms., 1708, '29, '30, '33. ^ Clavering, Robert. Carpentry, Ac, 1776, 79, Svcfc Clavers, Mary. See Kirklasd, C.\ROLiNn M. Claxton, John. Saxon Arch : ArchEeoL, 1792. Claxtou, L. The Right Devil Discovered, Lon., 1659, 12 mo. Claxton, Timothy. Hints to Mechanics on Self- Education and ISIutual Instruction, Lon., 12mo. *■' The amusing bonk before us has all the ease and pimplirity of De Foe. and the exemplary utility of Fi-anklin. To the mechanic it offers at onre an example and a pleasant comparion in the pm^ suit of knowledge, and to the treneral reader it aflfords a deep in- sight into those labouriuB; classes which are the sinews of the nation." — Lon. Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal, fib. 1839. Clay, C. C. Laws of Alabama, Tusea., 1843, Svo. Clay, Cassius M., b. ISIO, in Madison county, Ken- tucky, editor of The True American Newspaper, devoted to the overthrow of slavery in Kentucky, is well known as one of the most zealous opponents of negro bondage. His 393 CLA writings and speeches have been pub. in New York, 1848, 8vo, editeii by Huraee Greeley. Clay, Edward, Jun. llist. and Topograph. Descrip- tion of Framlingham, 18mo; pp. lU, with 2 plates of the castle. Clay, Francis. News from England, Lon., 1642, 4to. Clay, Henry, one of the most distinguished of Ameri- can statesmen, and eloquent of modern orators, was b. April 12, 1777, in Hanorer county, Virginia; d. at Washington, D. C, June 29th, 1852. Clay Code, or Te.xt Book of Elo- quence, edited by Vandenhoff. Life and Speeches, edited by D. Mallury, 1844, 2 vols. Svo. Life and Speeches, col- lected by James B. Swain, New York, 184:i, 2 vols. 8yo. Speeches, collected by Richard Chambers, Cincinnati, 1842, Svo. Biography, by George D. Prentice. Hartford, 18,31, 12mo. Biography, by Epes Sargent, New York, 8yo. Life and Speeches, by Henry J. Raymond, Phila., 1863, Svo. Life and Times, by Rei?. Calvin Colton, N. Y., 1846, 2 vols. r. Svo. Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry Clay, by Calvin Colton, N.Y.. 1856. 8vo, Private Correspond"ence, ed. by C. Colton, N.Y., 1855, Svo. Speeches, ed. by C. Colton, N.Y., 1857, 2 vols. Svo. " Mr. Colton visited Henry Clny at his residence, Ashland, Ken- tucky, in 1S44, and oljtaiiR'd free access to all ids papers. After tlie di-atb of tliat distinguished statesman, those pa])ers came into Wr. ( '' -Itun's possession, from winch the above works were compiled." Clay, J. Elegy, 1793, 4to. Clay, John. Public Statutes, Lon., 1739, 2 vols, foh Clay, John. 25 Semis., Lon,, 1827, 12mo. Clay, John Curtis, Rector of Swedes' Church, Phila- delphia. Aunals of the Swedes on the Delaware, &c., Phila., 1835, 12mo. Clay, Joseph, 1764-1811, a native of Savannah, Judge of the District Court of Georgia, and subsequently a Baptist minister at Savannah, afterwards at Boston. Serm., 1807. Clay, R. Ijomax. Pool for Essex, 1768, Svo. Clay, Samuel. Med. Treatise, Ultr.aj., 1690, 4to. Clay, Thomas. 1. Revenue. 2. Interest, 1619, '24. Clay, W. Keatinge. Hist. Sketches of the Book C. Prayer, Lon., 1849, fcp. Svo. Prayer Book Version of the Psalms, 1S39, 12mo. Book of C. Prayer, illustrated, 1S41, 12mo. Liturgical Services temp. Elizabeth, Camb., 1847, Svo. (Parker Society.) Private Prayers temp. Elizabeth, Camb., 1851, Svo. (Parker Society.) " See a Review in the Lon. AVesleyan Method. Mag,, Feb. 1854. Clayton, A. S. Laws of Georgia, 1800, '10, Augusta, IS12, 4to. ' » 6 > Clayton, George. Serms., 1821, Ac. Clayton, Gyles. Martial Discipline, 1591, 4to, Claj-ton, John. Topics in the Laws of England, Lon., 1646, 12mo. Reports and Pleas of Assizes at Yorke, 1651, 12mo. If this book will do all that Mr. Clayton promises for it, we should suppose that our friends the lawyers would insist on its immediate republication : " You may see here how to avoid a d.in)ierous jury to your client, what evidence best to use for him. how to Iteep the judRe so he overrule you not, so that if it be not your own fault— .as too often it is for fear of favour — the client may have his cause so handled as if he be plaintilT, he may have his lijrht. and if defendant! moderately punished, or recompensed for his vexation; and such Pleaders the people need." — PnfaCf, Clayton, John. Serms., 1736, Svo. Clayton, John, d. 1773, aged 87, on eminent bota- nist anil physician, a native of Fulhnin, emigrated to Vir- ginia when 20 years of age. Flora Virginica. Lugd. Bat., 1762, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans, respecting Virginia; In- dians, Natural History, ic, 1693, 1739. See Barton's Med. and Phys. Journal. Clayton, John, d, 1843. Serms., Ac, 1789-1805, Clayton, John. 1. Serm. 2. On the Choice of Books, Clayton, John. Serms., Ac, 1829-48. Clayton, N. Serms., 1776, Svo. Clayton, Prudence. Her case. fol. Clayton, Sir Richard. Hist, and other trans, from the French, 1793, '97. Clayton, Robert, 1695-1758, a native of Dublin, was educated at, and became Fellow of. Trinity College, Dub- lin ; Bishop of Killala, 1729: trans, to Cork, f7,'J5 ; to Clogher, 1745. Chronology of the Hebrew Bible Vindi- cated, Lon., 1747, 4to. * J' I,'"k ■'''/"'"'' ""' """kers of the Hebrew text, and maintains the Ush.Tlan system of Chronology with a great variety of leainin". It contains many observations which deserve the attention of the learned reader."— Orme : ISM. Bib. Dissertation on Prophecy, 1749, Svo. Letter relative to the Restoration of the Jews, ic, 1751, Svo; a second Let- ^ ter, 1751, Svo. CLE. ""Whether the bishop's views on these topics shall be received or rejected, his learning and intrenuity must lie admired."— Urme. Vindication of the Histories of the Old and New Testa- ifients, in Answer to Lord Bolingbroke's Objections, Dubl p.art i., 1752, Svo; ii., 1754, Svo; iii., 1757, Svo. The sophistry and ignorance of Bolingbroke are here strongly displayed. An Essay on Spirit, 1751, Svo. This Arian treatise was not written by the bishop, but was adopted and pub. by him. It elicited replies from 20 to 30 writers, and the Irish Convocation h.id determined to proceed against tho bishop, when he was seized with a nervous fever, which terminated his life, February 26, 1758. But for the publication of this Essay, he would have been raised to tho Archbishopric of tuam. He pub. several sermons and treatises, and trans, from a MS. A Journal from Grand Cairo to Mount Sinai, and back again, Ac, 1753, 4to. " Published with a view of exciting anti(|uaries to make some inquiry into those ancient characters which are discovered in great numt'ers in the wilderness of Sinai." Clayton, Sir Robert. Truth Vindicated, 1681, 4to. Clayton, Thomas. Sermons, 171.3, '27. Clayton, Wm. Rural Discourses, 1814, 2 vols. 12mo. '■ i'lain and practical, and admirably suited for country cou- grejrations." Cleadon, Thomas. The Sabbath, Lon., 1674, 4to. Clearidge, John. Shepherd's Legacy, 1670, Svo. Cleavelaud, Ezra. Genealogical History of the noble and illustrious Family of Courtcnav, Oxon., 1735 fol Cleavelaud, Cleavland, Cleveland, or Clieve- land, John, 1613-1659, a nutivo of Loughborough, Lei- eestershire. was educated at Christ's College, and St. John's College, Cambridge. He had the honour of being the first poetical champion of the royal cause, and sufl'ered impri- sonmcnt when the opposition prevailed. He was for some time a tutor at St. John's College, and subsequently lived in chambers at Gray's Inn, where he died in 1659. The King's Disguise. 1646, 4to. A London Diurnnl- maker. Ac, 1647, '54, 4to. The Rustic Rampant, 1653, Svo. Poems, Orations, and Epistles. 1660, 12mo. Peti- tion to the Lord Protector for the Scots Rebel; a satirical Poem. Works, 1687, Svo. Seenoticeof edits, in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, Bibl. Anglo-Poet., and Eetrosp. Review, xii. 123. Clieveland's poetry was greatly admired by his con- temporaries : the nephew of Milton remarks, perhaps with some little asperity, "In fine, so great a man Clleveland has been in the estima- tion of the generality, in regard his conceits were out of the com- mon road, and wittily far-fetched, that grave men, in outward ap- pearance, have not spared, in my hearing, to affirm him tue Bt.sT OF tsGLlsn Poets; and let them think so still, whoever pleases provided it be made no article of faith."— Edward Phillips. ' It is easy to see who did jio( think so: whether Phillipa had any family pride to prejudice him, we shall not decide. " V, bile the first edition and sheets of Paradise Lost were slowly struggling through the mists of bigotry and party prejudice into public reputation, the poems of Clleveland were pouied forth in innumerable impressions. The reverse is now the singular con- trast; and Cliereland has had the iiite of those poets, desciibed in Johnson's hife of Cowley, who, 'paving their court tt, temporary piej udices, have been at one time too much praised, and at another too rnuch neglected."'-ffe/i:re Cleavelaud, or Cleveland, John, 1772-1815, a minister of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Serins., Ac, 1763-84 Cleavelaud, Parker, b. 17S0, at Byfield, Essex co.' Mass.; Prof, in B..wdoin College Mineralogy and Geo- logy, Boston, 1816, Svo; 1S22, 2 vols. Svo. " The Elementary Treati.se of Mr. Cleavelaud is a work of con- siderable merit." — Edin.Rcvmw, xxx. 374. Cleaver, John. Sermon. 1676. 4to. Cleaver, Robert, d. 161.3, a Puritan divine. Serms., 1613, '14. Tho Sabbath. 1630. In conjunction with John Dod, Exposition of the Ten Commandments, 1606, 4to. In conjunction with John Dod and William Fliiidc, Ex- position of tho Book (if Proverbs, 1606, 4to. Cleaver, William. Sermons, 1739-62, Svo. Cleaver, William, D.D., 1742-1815, educated at tho University of Oxford; Prebendary of Westminster, 1784; Principal of Brasenose, 1785; Bishop of Chester, 1787; tr.ans, to Bangor. 1800; to St. Asaph, 1806. De Khythmo Groscorum Liber, Lon., 1789, Svo. "An excellent little work." Serms., 1773, '91, '94. Collec of his own and his father's aerms., 1808, Svo. Serms. on select Subjects, Svo. A List of Books recommended to tho Clergy and younger Stu- CLE CLE dents in Divinity, Oxf., 1791, Svo ; 3(1 ed. enlarged, with Dodwell's t'atalugue of tlie Christian Writers and genuine Works of the tirst three Centuries, 1S08, Svo. A very useful catalogue for all students. Cleaver, Wm. Serms., Dubl., 1813; Lon., 1817, Svo. Cleaver, William. See Clever. Cleeve,AIex. Serm.,1773. Devotional Exercises, 1801. Cleeve, J. K. Sermon, 1812, Svo. C'legat, Nic. Persuasive to an ingenious Tryal of Opinions in Keligion, Lon., 1685, 4to. Clegate. Travails from Terra Incognita through the Wilderness of Sinne, Lon., 1650, 12mo. Clegg, James. Sermons. 1731. '36, '38. Clegg, James. Dyeing Black, Phil. Trans., 1774. Clegg, .lollll. Elements of Geography. Liverp.,1795,4to. Clegliorii, Uavid. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1792. Cleghorn, George, M.D., 1716-17S7, a native of Edinburgh, resided 13 years at Minorca with the 22d re- giment, of which he was surgeon. Diseases of Minorca, Lon., 1751, Svo. "A just model for future writers." — Dr. Potheroill. lude.'i of an Annual Course of Lectures, Dubl., 1767, Svo. Con. to Mcil. Ol.s. and Inq., 1766. Cleghorn, George. Ancient and Modern Art, His- torical and Critical, Edin. k Lon., 2 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed.,1848. ""We have the pleasure of recommending it to a pKice in every public library, and on the table of every man who values art, re- finement, elegance, and tast«." — Lon. Morning Post. Cleghorn, James. Med. Con. to Trans. Irish Acad., 1787. Cleghorn, James. The depressed State of Agricul- ture, Edin.. 1822, Svo. A System of Agriculture, with 13 plates, Edin., 4to. From 7th ed. Encycl. Brit. "The best account of the AijricuUure of the .Scotch Counties is to be found in IJIack's Edition of the Encyclopa2dia Britannica." — Loudon's Agriritlturfy p. 1178. "The initiation shows much discernment; and the subsequent arranjjement of the materials is judiciously m.ade, and each article has t^iveu to it a proper description both in the nature and extent." — Donahhon's AgricuU. Bug. '■The animals are sketched with an ease, spirit, and precision, approiiuiatini- to the lidelity of nature."— /)i■/ the Literary Fund fiochty, 1823 : see Mem. iu Gent. Mag., Aug. 18*31. Cochrane, Hon. Basil. The Vapour Bath, 1809, '10, 4to; its ap].!i(';ition to diseases. Cochrane, Charles Stuart, Capt. R. N. Residence and Travels in Colombia. 1823, '24, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. Svo. " A work of little or no valuo." — Lowndes. Cochrane, James. Manual of Family and Private Devotion, Edin., 1835, p. Svo; selected from upwards of 40 Authors. " There is no book of (he kind ■which I have better relished or more highly approved of" — T)r. Thomas Chalmers. Discourses, Edin., 1848, Svo. Discourses, 1851, Svo. Cochrane, James, Hon. and Rev. Scrm.. 1777, 4to, Usesof Clay Marl, Agricultural Salts, Ac, 1791, 4to, Other publications, 1779-1805. Cochrane, John, Oame of Chess, Lon., 1822, Svo. Cochrane, Hou. John. Seaman's Guide, Lon., 1797, Svo. Cochrane, John Dundas, Capt.,R.N., 1780-1825. Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary, &c.; 2d ed., Lon., 1824, 8vo. " The eccentricities of this most hardy and indefatigable traveller sometimes approach to insanity." "It contaiua, fi'om the writer's want of scientific knowledf^e, little that is satisfactory ou tho face of the country aud its natural productions." — Lon. Quar. Ktc. Cochrane, Thomas, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1774,75. Cochrane, Thomas, M.D. Med. Com.. 1785. Cochrane, Thomas, Lord, has been Earl of Dun- donald .since 1831. 1. Letter to Lord Ellcnborough. 2. Address to the Electors of Westminster, ISll, '15. Cock, Charles G. Household of God, Lou., 1651, fol. Cock, John. Sermons, 1704, '07, "10. Cock, n, R. Amer. Poultry Book, N. Y.. 1851, ISmo. Cook,S. I. Navigation System. 2. Bullion, 1S04, '11. Cocli, Capt. Samuel. Voyage to Lcthc, 1741, Svo. Cock, Thomas. Discourse ou Air, Lon., 1605, 4to. Cock, William. Metcorologie, or the true way of Foreseeing and Judging the Weather, Lon., 1671, Svo. Cockaine. Sec Cockayne. Cockayne, George. Sermon, Lon., 1648, 4to. Cockayne, J. England's Troubles Anatomized, Lon., 1644, 4to. Cockayne, O. Civil Hist, of the Jews, from Joshua to Hadrian, Lon., 1841, 12mo. Greek Syntax, with Metrical Examples, 1846, 12mo. Hist, of Erance, 1840, 18mo. coo coc Cockbnrn, Archibald. Philosophical Essay codc. the Intermediate State of Blessed Souls, Lon., 1722, 8vo. Cockburn, Mrs. Catherine, 1679-1749,wasanativo of Loniiou, a daughter of Captain David Trotter, R. N. In her 17th year her tragedy of Agnes de Castro was produced with great success at the Theatre Royal. In 1698 she gave to the world the Tragedy of Fatal Friendship, and in 1701, The Unhappy Penitent. In the same year she contributed, with .several other ladies, to the Nine Muses; a tribute to the memory of John Dryden. In 1706 her tragedy en- titled The Revolution of Sweden was acted at the Queen's Theatre. In 1708 she was married to the Rev. Mr. Cock- burn, who was subsequently presented to the living of Long- Ilorsley, Northumberland. In the i)revious year she returned to the communion of the Church of England, which she had when quite young forsaken for the Church of Rome. In 1726 she pub. a Letter to Dr. Holdsworth in vindication of Mr. Locke'.s Essay respecting the resur- rection of the body. In 1747 appeared her Remarks upon the Principles and Reasonings of Dr. Rutherforth's Essay on the Nature and Obligations of Virtue. " It [Mrs. Cockburn's refutation] contains all the clearness of expres.sion. the streufrth of reason, the precision of lofric, and at- tachment to truth, which makes books of tiiis nature really useful to the common cause of virtue and reIij,'ion." — Bishop Warbdrton. In 1751 Dr. Birch pub. an edition of Mrs. Cockburn's Works in 2 vcds. 8vo. This collection, however, contains none of her dramatic pieces excepting The Fatal Friend- ship. Of her poetical essays. The Flowers of the Forest is best known to the public, and has even been placed in competition with Miss Jane Elliott's beautil'ul ballad of the same title. Sec Life by Birch; Biog. Brit.; Forbes's Life of Beattie; Ciblier's Lives. Cockburn, Henry Thomas, Lord, Scottish Judge, 1779-1854. 1. On the Best Ways of Spoiling the Beauties of Edinburgh. 2. Life and Correspondence of Lord Jeffrey, Lon., 1S52, 2 vols. 8vo. He was an early contributor to the Edin. Rev. Memorials of his Times 1866, 8vo. '■ We are by no means satisfied that wo have made the best imaginable selection from this amusing and valuable volume. That, however, wliich has been given will suffice to recommend the reader to it as one full of value and anniscment." — Lnn. Atfien. Cockburn, Lt.-Gen. James. Voyage to Cadiz and Gibraltar, up the Mediterranean to Sicily and Malta, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. Cockburn, John, D.D., d. 1729. Serms. and theolog. essays, 1691-1717. History of Duels, showing their hei- nous nature, 1720, 8vo. Cockburn, John, D.D. Serms., ic, 1698-1718. Cockburn, John. Journey over Land, from the Gulph of Honduras to the Great South Sea, Lon., 1 735, 8vo. " This curious and authentic narrative appeared so extraordinary, that it was looked upon by many who perused it as little better than a romance." — Lowndes. Cockburn, Patrick, d. 1559, Professor of the Ori- ental languages at Paris, was considered by Dempster and Bale as one of the greatest scholars and ablest divines of his age. Oratio de Utilitate et Excellentia Verbi Dei, Paris, 1551, 8vo. Do Vulgari Sacrre Scriptura; Phrasi, Paris, 1552, 8vo. In Orationem Dominicara, pia Meditatio, St. And., 1555, 12mo. In Symbolum Apostolicum, Com- ment., Lon., loGl, 4to, '* He was so well seen in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew lan- guages, that there were but few either in France or in Europe, that could equal him." — Dempster. Cockburn's works are rarely to be met with. See Orme's Bibl. Bib. Cockburn, Patrick, d. 1749, aged 71, husband of Mrs. Catherine Cockburn, was Vicar of Long - Ilorsley, Northumberland. Penitential Office, Lon., 1721, Svo. Pray- ing for Superiors, &c., 1728, '39, 8vo. An Inquiry into the truth .and certainty of the Mosaic Deluge, 1750. Svo. " One of the most valuable treatises on the Deluge that has been published." — Orme: Bibl. Bib. Cockburn, Robert. An Historical Dissertation on the Books of the N. Test.ament ; vol. i., 1755, Svo. Cockburn, Thomas. Sketch, Ac, Lon., 1813, Svo. Cockburn, William, M.D. (Economia Corporis Ani- m.alis, Lon., 1695. Svo. Other profess, treatises, 1696-1732. Cockburn, William. Reign of Queen Anne, Lon., 1710, 8vo. Cockburn, William. ,Serm., Edin., 1712, Svo. Cockbnrn, William. Clerk's Assistant, or Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts, ic, Dulil., 1753, Svo. Cockburn, William. Essay on the Epistles of Igna- tius, Lon., 1806, Svo. " An excellent tract, tending to remove every shadow of reason- able doubt from a subject of m uch collateral importance to religion." Credibility of the Jewish Exodus ; in answer to Gibbon, 4e., 1809, Svo. Commended in Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Strictures on Clerical Education at the University of Cam- bridge, 1809, Svo. ** A very important tract." ■ O'her publications. 1802, '09. Cockburn, William, D.D., De.an of York. A Letter to Prof. Buckland concerning the Origin of the World, Lon., 1S38, Svo. A New System of Geology, dedicated to Prof. Sedgwick. Cockburn, Sir William, of Langtown. Eespub- lica de Decimis, Edin., 1627, 4to. Cocke, Charles George. England's Complete Lawyer and Law-.Juher, 166S-1710, a native of Barbadoes, Fellow of All Souls' College, 1680; left £10,000 to his college for the erection of a library, and his West India Estates to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Ho ad66, fob A Collec. of Proverbs, 1664, '85, 12mo. Wood, referring to the Life of Essex, remarks: "In this book Codrington shows himself a rank parliamenteer." "His account is not only defective in point of method, but is also very barren of facts, such only excepted as are collected from the news-writers of those times." — Pars. The Life of Essex is reprinted in the Harl. Miscel., vol. i. Codrinscton, T. A Sorm. in Catholick Serms., (2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1741.) vol. i. 259. Coe, Richard. Diary relative to Waller's Army, 1644. Coe, Richard, of Philadelphia, has pub. a number of poems which have lieen commended as possessing un- usual merit. The Old Farm-Gate : Stories and Poems, Phila., 1852, 16mo. Coe,Thomas,M.D. Dissert. In aug.Medica, Ac., Lugd. Bat., 1728, 4to. Treat, on Biliary Concretions. 1757, Svo. Coelson, Laiincelot. Aimanacks, Ac, 1056, '81, '84. Cottey, Charles, d. 1745, an Irish dramatic writer, altered a numl)er of jdays, of which The Devil to Pay, or the Wives Metamorphosed, was a great favourite, chiefly on account of the character of "Nell." Coffin, J. G., M.D., of Boston. Mass., d. 1829. aged 59. Cold and Warm Bathing, 1818, 12mo. Medical Edu- cation. 1822. Coffin, Joshua. See Lonufellow, Hgnry Wads- worth. Coffin, Mryor Pine. Stutterheim's account of the Battle of Austerlitz ; trans, from the French, 1S()6, Svo. Coffin, Robert S., 1797 ?~1S57, of Brunswick, Maine; the self-styled " Boston Bard." Poems, 1826. Cogan, E. Scrms., &c.. 17S9-1817. Cogan, G. Test, of Richard Brothers, 1795, Svo. Cogan, Henry. The Scarlet Gown: Cardinals of Rome, Lon., 1653, Svo. The Voyage and Adventures of Ferdinand Mendez Pinto during his Twenty-One Years' Travel in Ethiopia, China, Tartaria, Japan, Ac; done into English by H. C, Lon., 1633, fob Cervantes calls Pinto " The Prince of Liars." Cogan, Thomas, an English physician, d. 1607, Fol- low of Oriel College, Oxford, 1563. The Haven of Health made for the Comfort of Students ; with a Censure of the lat« Sickness at Oxford, &e., Lon., 1586, 4to, and 1589, '96, 1605, '12. Cogan wrote some other pieces. See Athen. Oxon. Cogan, Thomas, an English physician and divine, d. 1818, resided much of his time in Holland. The Rhine, or a Journey from Utrecht to Frankfort, 1791, '92, Lon,, 1794, 2 vols. Svo. "The style of this work is lively and interesting:: its pictures of manners and scenery good; and it contains a learned disquisition on the origin of printing." — Stevenson : Voyages and Travis. A Philosophical Treatise on the Passions, Lon., 1800, Svo j an Ethical ditto, Bath, 1807-10, Svo. '■ Dr. Cogan — an adept on the subject of morals." — Lon. Mmi. Rev. The Works of Camper, trans, from the Dutch, Lon., 1794, 4to. Theolog. Di.?quisitions, Lun., 1812, Svo. Cogerhall, Henry. Timber Measure and Gauging, Lon., 1677, Svo. Coggeshall, Capt. George, of Connecticut, b. 1784. Voyages to various parts of the World, made 1799-1844, New York, 1851. "52, 2 vols. Svo. History of the American Privateers, and Letters of Marque, during our War with England, 1812, '13. and '14, Svo : Elustrated. Religioua and Miscellanerius Poetry. Coggeshall, Wm. T., b. 1824, in Penna. Easy Warren and his Contemporaries, 12mo, N. Y. Spirit Rap- ping. Cin., 1851, 12nio. Ed. Genius of the West. Haa contributed largely to Periodical Literature. Coggeshalle, Ralph, d. about 1228, an English Monk nnd Hi:*torian. His principal work is A History of the Holy Land. pub. in 1729 in vol. v. of the Amplis.'^xma Collectio veterum Scriptorum et Monumentnruui ; in which are two other works of his: 1. Chronicon Anglicanum ab anno 1066 ad annum 1200. and 2. Libellus de Motibus An- glieanis sub Johanne Rege. Coghlan, Lucius, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1810, Svo. Coiihlan, R. B. Apology for Catholic Faith, &q., 1779, 12H10. Coglan, Thomas. Mnemonics, Lon., 1813, Svo. Cogswell, James, D.D., 1720-1807, of Connecticut. Funeral Scrm. on S. Williams. 1776; 2d ed., 1806. Cogswell, Joseph Green, LL.D., b. in Ipswich, Mass.; grad. at Harvard College, 1806; was Professor of Mineralogy and Geology in his alma mater, and Librarian in the same institution,from 1821 to '23. In 1823, in con- nexion with Mr. George Bancroft, he established the Round Hill School at Northampton, Mass., and, after Mr. Bancroft's retirement in 1830, continued it by himself until 1836. In 1848 he was appointed Superintendent of the Astor Library, (in accordance with the expressed wish of the founder,) — an office for which his remarkable attainments in Biblio- graphy eminently qualify him. Dr. Cogswell has been a contributor to Blackwood's Mag., the N. Amer. Rev., the Monthly Anthology, and the N. York Rev., (ed. by him for several years before its termination in 1842.) He is now employed upon a Catalogue of the Astor Library, to be comprised in 8 vols. r. Svo: Authors and Books, 4 vols. j Subjects, 4 vols. : vols. i. and ii. were pub. 1857-58. Cog:swell, William. Christian Philanthropist, Bost, 1830, 12mo. Other tiieologicjil publications. Cohen, Rernard. Compendium of the Finances of Great Britain and other Countries, Lon., 1822, r. Svo. Cohen, L. Sacred Truths addressed to the Children of Israel in the Brit. Empire, 1808, 12mo. Cohen, Moses. Serm. on Prov. xx. 10, 1761, 4to. Cohen, William. Seventh ed. of Fairman's Funds trans. ,at the Bk. of England, Lon., 1824. Svo. Coilzear, Rauf. "The Taill of Rauf Coilzear, how he harbreit King Charlis Sanctandrois be Robert Lekpreuik, 1572, 4to. Reprinted in Select Remains of the Ancient Popular Poetry of Scotland; and at Edin., 1821. Coit, Thos, Winthrop, b. N. London, Conn. ; grad. Yale Coll.. 1821 ; Prof. Triu. Coll. ; Pres. Transylvania Univ. Theological Common-Place Book, 1832, '57, 4to. Remarks on Norton's Statement of Reasons, 1S33, Svo. Bible in Para- graphs and Parallelisms, 1834, 12mo: see Home's Bibl. Bib., ^S. Townsend's Chronological Bible, 1837, '38. 2 vols. Svo. Puritanism; or, A Churchman's Defence against its As- persions, 1844, 12nio. Contrib. Ch. Rev., Churchman, TE: Bihl. r.ih. *• It is in the main a reprint of the work of Dr. Dodd. with seve- ral retrenchments and some unimportant additions. Though the major part of the notrs, and even the dissertations: of Dr. Dodd are here republished ivilhnut the authors name, yet all the marginal readings and paralk-l texts are entirely omitt4?d." — Dr. Adam Cl.\rke. Coke, Thomas W., Earl of Leicester, Ad- dresses to the Freeholders of Norfolk, 1802. Coke, Zachary. The Art of Logic, Lon., 1654, 4to. Coker, John. 1. Remarks. 2. Reflections, &c., 1806, *10; political pieces. Coker, 3Iatthe\v. A Whip of Small Cords to scourge Antichrist, Lon., 16.54, 4to. "The writer was evidently a wild enthusiast." A Prophetical Revelation from God, 1G54, 4to. . Coker, N. Survey of Dorsetshire. Lon., 1732, fob *' This Survey appears to have been finished iu the latter end of James I.'s reign.'" — Dr. Watt, •' A very incorrect and imperfect work." — Lowndes. Coker, Thomas. Sermon, 1721, 8vo. Colbatch. Account of the Court of Portugal under the Reign of Don Pedro II., 1700, 8vo. Colbatch, John, a London surgeon, wrote several medical treatises, vindicating the theory that disease in the system arises principally from an excess of the alka- lies in the blood and humours. He liberally administered acids to bis patients. Collection of Med. and Chir. Tracts, Lon., 1700, 8vo. Colbatch, John, D.D. Theolog. Treatises, Camb., 1718-41. Colbeck, Joseph, Jnn. Poems, 181.3. Colbert, Jnn. The Age of Paper; or an Essay on Banlcs and IJanking. Lon., 8vo. Colborne, Robert. English Dispensatory, 1753, 8vo. Colburne. Discourse upon the Catalogue of Doctors of God's Church, shewing the Succession of the Church, 1589, 8vo. Colby, H. G. O. Practice in Civil Actions and Pro- ceedings at Law in Massachusetts, Boston, 1848, Svo. '' A familiar acquaintance with practice is one of the most strik- ing; and indispensable qualifications of an accomplished Lawyer. It teaches him how to handle his weapons." Colby, John. Sermons, 1732. 12mo. Colby, Samuel. Sermons, 1708, *09. Colby, Capt. Thomas, and Lt. Col. William Mudsre. Account of the Operations for accomplishing the Trigonometrical Survey of England and Wales, 1800- 08, Lon'.. 1799-1811. 3 vols. 4to. Colchester, LoriU Sec Abbot, Charles. Colclong:h, Geors;e, Repentance, Lon., 157-, 12mo. Colden, Alexander. Kxamination of the New Doc- trines in Philosophy and Theology of Priestley, Lon., 1793, 8vo. Colden, CadAvallader, 1688-1776. a Scotch physi- cian, educated at Edinburgh, emigrated to Pennsylvania about 170S. In 1718 he removed to New York, and was made Lieutenant Governor in 1761, and again in 1775. He practised medicine in early life, and pub. a treatise on the Yellow Fever, which prevailed in New York in 1743. He was a zealous botanist, and his description of between 300 and 400 American plants was pub. in the Acta Upsa- liensia, (1743.) The establishment of the American Philo- sophical Society, located at Philadelphia, was chiefly owing to his suggestions. Dr. Franklin and Colden communi- cated to each other their experiments in Natural Philoso- phy. The History of the five Indian Nations depending upon New York. New Y'^ork, 1727, Svo; reprinted with the 2d part and large addits., in 1747, Lon., Svo. "In the reprint, the dedication, which was originally to Go- vernor Burnet, is transferred by the London publisher toGeneral Oglethorpe. Mr. Colden complained of this, as well as of some additions [several Indian treaties] which were made to the London edition without his knowledge or consent." — Rich: Amtricana BiliUothfica Neva. The 3d edit, was pub. in London in 1755, 2 vols. 12mo. A work on Gravitation, &.c, New York, 1745, Svo; Lon., 1752. 4to. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq.. 1755. See Amer. Museum, iii. 53-59 ; Rees : Conduct of C. Colden, Esq., relating to the Judges' Commissions, &c. ; Allen's Amer, Eiog. Diet. ; Encycl. Amer. Colden, Cadwallader D. Life of Robert Fulton, New York, 1817, Svo. See a severe critique upon this work in the London Quarterly Review, xix. 347. "Although our readers may be inclined to give us credit for some knowledge of our transatlantic brethren, yet we can honestly assure them we were not quite prepared for such a sally as this of Cadwallader Colden, Esq." — Ubi stijn-a. Cole. English and Latin Dictionary, 1677, 4to. Cole. Oratio de Ridiculo, Lon., 1811, 4to. Cole, Abdiah. The Rational Physician's Library, Lon.. lOfU, ful. Cole, Benj. Map of 20 Miles round Oxford, 4to. Cole, Christian. Triumphant Augustus; a Poem on his ]\Iajestv's Return, Lon., 1095. 4to. Memoirs of Afiairs of State, lV.97-1707, Lon., 1723. fob Cole, Charles Nalsou, 1722-1804. educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. Laws rel. to Bedford Level Corporation, Lon., 1761, Svo; 1S03, Svo. An ed. of Dug- dale's Embankhig of Fens and Marshes, Ac, 1772, fob Works of Sname Jenyns, 1790, 4 vols. Svo. Cole, Francis. Prologue and Epilogue to a Comedy, kc, Lon.. 1012. See Restituta, iv. 263. Cole, Ilenry, d. 1579, a learned Roman Catholic di- vine, Perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, 1523; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1540; Provost of Eton, 1554. Disputation with Cranmer and Ridley at Oxford, 1554, Funeral Serm. at the burning of Cranmer. See Fox's Acts and Monuments. Letters to Bishop Jewel, Lon., 1560, Svo. {In Jewel's Works.) Letters to Bishop Jew- el, An Answer, Ac, will be found in Burnet's Hist, of the Reformation. "Job. Leland the antiquary was Dr. Cole's acquaintance^ and having had expei-ience of his learning, hath eternized his memory among other learned men of our nation and of his time, in his boolc of Encomia's — to which the curious reader may recur if he please, wherein he'll find a just character of this oui- author Dr. Cole and his learning." — Athen. Oxon. Cole, Henry. Popular Geology Subversive of Divine Revelation : a Letter to Rev. Adam Sedgwick, Lon., 1834, 8vo. Luther's Com. on the Psalms; now first trans, into English, 1837, 12mo. 403 COL COL In this summary Comwmlary tie godly reader will see how I I surrive her. That I will, most religlonsly, and make it as happy sedly this great ma.l opened and taught the word of God." as it is i>03silile."-i/orace nalpok t„ Cole. Ulaiji. l.M. )bs/rv«ti.ms on our Public Schools, 184li, 8vo. " I congratulate the 1'"1^\1'»'-'='%^;'°S ''?' '° ''"^/^^^ -«lo Ho..v„_ .1,„ „„.,r>nt„. ..f .h„ "Art Mnnnfnc- t^-e hands of Bo humane a nmster I have a 1 ttle dm nutne dog blessedly Ob: Cole, Henry, the promoter of the "Art Manufac- tures," and editor of the Journal of Design, has puh. seve- ral useful books under the name of Felix Summekly, tj. v. Cole, James L., <1. 1S23, aged 24, a native of Ca- nandaigua, pub. some fugitive poetry in the New York Statesman, and in the Ontario Repository, under the signa- ture of Adrian. Cole, John. Mathemat. Tracts, 1.S12, 8vo. Cole, John, llerveiania: illustrative of the Life and Writings of Rev. James Hervey, 1822, '2?,, '26, 3 parts Svo. Bibliographical and Descriptive Tour from Scarborough, \ illiam. Conversations on Algebra. ISIS. 12mo. Colehrook, Sir George. Letters on Intolerance, Lon., 1791, Svo. Colehrook, Josiah. Antiquarian, Astronom., and Medical C.n. to An-ba-ol.,1772. '76; Phil. Trans., 1769. Colebrooke, Henrietta. Thoughts of Rousseau, 17SS. Colebrooke, Henry Thomas, 1765-1837, an eminent Oriental scholar, settled in India in 17S2, and held many high positions there. He comi)leted the Digest of the Hindu Law on Contracts and Successions, from the Original Sanscrit, which was left unfinished by the clcath of Sir William Jones, Calcutta, 1797, 3 vols. Svo; Lon., ISOl, 3 vols. Svo. 2. Collection of Compositions in Sans- crit, Ac, Calcutta, 1804, 4to. 3. Grammar of the Sanscrit Language, Calcutta, 1805, fol. 4. Dictionary of the Sans- crit Language, Calcutta, 1808, 4to. Also several other Oriental works, and many contributions Oriental, scien- tific, and literary. 5. Remarks on the Husbandry and In- ternal Commerce of Bengal, Lon., 1800, Svo. "Notwithstanding the lapse of nearly half a century since its publication. Mr. Colebrooke's account of the husbandry and internal commerce of Bengal continues to be by far the best and most trust- worthy work on the subject." — McCuLLOCU : Lit. of Polit. Econ. Miscellaneous Essays. Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo. Colebrooke, Robert. On Barren Island and its Volcano: Trans, of the Soc. of Bengal, iv. 397. Coleeber. Existence and Nature of God, 1718, Svo. Coleire, Richard, of Isleworth. Serms., 1708—15. Coleman. Letters to M. Le Chaise. 1678, 4to. Coleman. Benjamin. Serms., 1717, '2S, '35. Coleman, Charles. S.atirical Peerage of England, 17S4, -Ito. Coleman, Charles. Serms., 1S17, Svo. Coleman, Charles. Mythology of the Hindus, Lon., 1832, 4to. Commended by Lon. Athn. Coleman, Eilward. Legacies; a Poem, Ac, 1679, fol. Coleman, Ed« ard. Foot of the Horse, 179S-1S02, 2 vols. 4 to. " .\n esteemed work." — Lowndes. Other veterinary. Ac. works, 1791, 1800, '01. Coleman, J. N. Serms., Doct. and Pract., 1827, Svo. OOL COL Coleman, John, D.B., b. ISO."., at Baltimore, Mfl., an Episi-upul clurgyniiin of great worth and talents, resident in St. Louis. Editor of Faber's Difficulties of Roman- ism, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1S40 ; of the Einsoopji! Manvial by Dr. Wilmcr, with addits. and emen- datiluial i'Uiistiaiiity." — .hiuy IIarhls, D.D. '■It is too calm. judi. 4U6.) As editor of many of his uncle's writ- ings, the public are under great obligations to Mr. Coleridge, He edited his Literary Remains, Lon., 1836-39, 4 vols. 8vo; The Friend, 1844, 3 vols. 8vo; Constitution of Church and State, 1839, Svo; Biographia Literaria ; 2d ed., edited partly by H. N. C, and completed by his widow, 1847, 2 vols, in 3, Svo; Confessions of an Ini[uiring Spirit, 1849, 8vo. Mr. Coleridge contributed to the Quarterly Review, and was au- thor of an excellent Introduction to the Study of the Greek Classic Poets ; 1st ed., 1830 ; 3d ed.. Lon.. 1846, 8vo. ■• Written in that fiesh and ardent spirit, which to the congenial mind of youth, will convey instruction, in the most effective manner, by awakening the desire of it, and by enlisting the lively and buoyant feelings in the cause of useful and improving study; while by its pregnant brevity, it is more likely to stimulate than to supersede more profound and extensive research. We sh.all be much mistaken if it does not become as popular as it is useful.*' — Quarti'.rhi Rmfw. Coleridge, James Duke, Vicar of Kenwin and Kea, Cornwall. Observations of a Parish Priest, or Scenes of Sickness and Death. Truro, 12mo. Practical Advice to the Young Parish Priest, Lon., 1834, 12mo. Coleridge, Sir John Taylor, b. 1790, nephew of S. T. Coleridge, grad. at Oxford. Ed. Blackstone's Com- mentaries, with Notes. Lon., 1825. 4 vols. Svo. Coleridge, John, Vicar of Ottcry St. Mary; father of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. A Critical Latin Grammar. " By no means an ordinary production."— Lon. Gent. M'ltj. Miscellaneous Dissertations arising from the 17th and ISth Chapters of the Book of Judges, Lon., 1768, Svo. "The.se dissertations contain a new translation of the above chapters, with critical remarks on them and on a number of other pas.sages; besides disquisitions on the l'roseucha^ or the Star Gods; on the conversive Van, and some other subjects. The author appears to have been a man of learning and research."— Oi"me's Bihl. Bih. ^Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, son of the preceding, 1772-1834, one of the most distinguished literary charac- ters of modern days, was a native of the market-town of Ot- tery St. Mary, in Devonshire. He received his early edu- cation at Christ's Hospital, where he became senior-Gre- cian, or head scholar, and obtained an exhibition to Jesus College, Cambridge, where he remained from 1791 to 1793. Finding himself in London without resources or prospects, he enlisted in the 15th Elliot's Light Dragoons. That he was not happy in this situation, may be inferred from a Latin sentence which he one day wrote on the stable-wall under his saddle: '■ Eheu ! quam infortuni miserrimum est fuisse felicem !" This scrap of learning elicited an inquiry on the part of his captain, which led to the restoration of the young scholar to his friends. In 1794 he published The Fall of 405 COL COL Robespierre, a Hist. Dranja, and a volume ofPoems; and | ^Wg^;----"-^ ^d^upo^j-^nd n^ the next year two politieal pamphlets — Cunciones ad °°^"^a7e"the"mo5t unrestrained induljjenre to his speech— and Populum, or Addresses to the People, and a Protest aj^ainst , jj„^y fraught with acuteness and ori;^iuality was that speech, and certain Bills then pending for Suppressing Seditious ' in what copious and eloquent periods did it flow! Meetings. At that time he was a zealous Democrat and ' " ' ' a Unitarian, with which sentiments his later tenets pre- sented a remarkable contrast. Hunger, however, io Htronger than speculation, and as a means of livelihood, our young enthusiast — who, with Southey, ^Vordsworth, and Lovell, had contempLated the establijhment of a Pan- tisocraoy on the banks of the Susquehanna — consented to write politics for the Morning Post, a supporter of Govern- ment. The three friends, instead of emigrating, married three sisters, Misses Fricker of Bristol. In 1798, by the liberality of Josiah and Thomas Wedgewood, he was enabled to spend some time in Germany, where he pursued his studies with great diligence. In 1812 he pub. a series of Essays entitled The Friend, which extended to twenty- seven numbers ; in the year following appeared Remorse, a Tragedy ; and in 1S16. by the persuasion of Lord Byron, Christabel was given to the world. This poem, with the Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Genevieve, attained a popularity which has been perpetuated to the present day. To these poetical pieces must be added Zapoyla, a Drama, founded on The Winter's Tale, pub. in 1818, and some minor poems. A complete edition of his Poems in 3 vols, was issued by Pickering, not long before the author's death. Of his prose works may be mentioned The Statesman's Manual, or the Bible the Best Guide to Political Skill and Foresight; a Lay Sermon, 1816; a second Lay Sermon, 1817; Biographia Literaria, 1817, 2 vols.; Aids to Reflec- tion, 1S25; On the Constitution of Church and State, 1830 ; Lectures on Shakspeare; Table Talk; Theory of Life. He planned several great works which were never com- mitted to paper. Indeed, an excessive use of ()pium, added to a native want of energy, produced an indolent habit, and lack of application, which were fatal to the pro- secution of any extensive project. After a wandering life, residing in the houses of friends, alternately lecturing and contributing to periodicals, he settled in 1816 with Mr. Gilman, a physician at Highgate, and remained in his family until his death in 1834. A month or two before his decease he composed his own epitaph : "Stop, Christian passer-ljy! Stop. Child otOodl And read with i^.-ntli- tireast. Beneath this sod A poet lies, or tliat wliiih once seemed he; lift a thought iu prayer for S. T. C. ! That he who many a year with toil of breath Found death iu liio. may hero find life in death I Mercy, for praise — to be forgiven, for Fame — He asked, and hoped through Christ. Do thou the .same." His Poetical and Dramatic Works were pub. in 1847, 3 Tols. Svo. The Friend, edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1844, 3 vols. Svo. Essays on his own Times ; 2d series of The Friend; edited by his daughter, 1850, 3 vols. Svo. Aids to Reflection ; 5th cd., enlarged, 1843, 2 vols. Svo. Con- stitution of Church and State ; edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1839, Svo. Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, &c., edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1849, Svo. Literary Remains, col- lected and edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1836-39, 4 vols. Svo. Biographia Literaria, partly edited by H. N., and partly by iVIrs. IL N. Coleridge, 183S, 2 vols. Svo; 5th and con- cluding vol., by Derwcnt Coleridge, 1853, who also con- templates issuing a Life of his father, and a collected edition of his works. To his works should be added The Ideal of Life, edited by Dr. Watson, his Life by James Gillman, Lon., 1838, 1 vol. Svo, and Joseph Cottle's Remi- niscences of Coleridge and Southey, Lon., 1847. Svo. As a conversationist, Coleridge enjoyed a remarkable repu- tation. He loved to keep the field entirely to himself; and hour after hour— if the auditors could spare the time- would he pour forth "things new and old," illustrated by a " boundless range of scientific knowledge, brilliancy and exquisite nicety of illustration, deep and ready reasoning, immensity of bookish lore, dramatic stoiy, joke, and pun." His friend Charles Lamb gave a significant hint to Cole- ridge of his propensity to monopolize, in answering the que- ry of the latter — " Charles, did you ever hear me preach ?" (When young, he sometimes filled the Unitarian pulpit at Taunton.) " I never heard you do any thing else," replied Lamb. Dr. Dibdin gives us a graphic sketch of the impres- sion produced upon him by Coleridge's conversation : " I shall never forget the etfect his first conversation made upon me at the first meeting. It struck me as si.mclliiog not only out of the ordinary coursw of things, but as an intellectual exhibition altogether matchless. The party was unusually largo, hut the presence of Coleridge concentr.ited all attention towards him- self. The viands were unusually costly, and the l^mquet was at ©nee rich and varied; but there seemed to be no dish like Cole- The auditorti seemed' to" be"wrapt in wonder and delight, as one observation more profound, or clothed in more forcible language than another, fell from his tongue. . . . For neaily two hours he spoke with unhesitating and uninterrupted fluency. As 1 retired homeward I thou"ht a SECOND Jobsson had visited the earth to make wise the sons of men; and regretted that I could not exercise the powers of a second lioswEtL to record the wisdom and the elo^ nuence which had that evening flown from the orator's lips. It haunted me as I retired to rest. It drove away slumber."— Z>!0- rf/Ti'.s- Ti'cnn'ju'.sccTicy. i. 254. In his Illustrations of Scripture, Mr. Coleridge was more largely indebted to Cocceius than to any other commenta- tor. The reader should procure an essay, reprinted from the Eclectic Review, entitled, The Relation of Philosophy to Theology, and Theology to Religion, or S. T. Coleridge, his Philosophy and Theology. It is to be regretted that Coleridge did not devote himself in earnest to the prepara- tion of the great undeveb.ped work which so long haunted his imagination. We must doubt if he could ever have succeeded in his ambitious aspirations to " reduce all know- ledge into harmony"— " to unite the insulated fragments of truth, and therewith to frame a perfect mirror;" but that he could have produced a magnum opiii, who can doubt? To those not familiar with the plaudits of Colo- ridge's admirers, the degree of admiration which was la- vished upon him will appear almost absurd. No less a man than De Quincey speaks of him as " This illustrious man, the largest and most spacious int-'llect, the subtlest and most comprehensive, in my judgment, that has yet existed amongst men."— Literal i/ Jiemimscmccs. Lord Egmont declares that " No man had ever been better qualified to revive the heroic pe- riod of literature in England, and to give a character of weight to the philosophic erudition of the country upon the contment."— Ubim/pra. , Another most respectable authority gravely records his judgment: •' i think, with all his laults, old Sam was more of a great man than any one that has lived within the four seas in my memory. It is refreslnng to see such a union of the highest philosophy and poetry with so full a knowledge, in so many points at least, of particular fa.;ts."— Dr. .^rnolti: Lultrr to W. W. Hull, Esq. John Foster, himself a moral philosopher of no ordinary rank, tells us that " Ills mind contains an astonishing map of all sorts of know- ledge while iu his power and manner of putting it to use, he dis- plays' more of what we mean by the term genius than any mortal I ever saw, or ever expect to see." _ _ _ A short extract from a well-known and favourite criUc must bring our article to a conclusion : " On his incomparable ■ Genevieve' he has lavished all the melt- in" graces of poetry and chivalry ; in his 'Ancient Mariner' he has safled, and in his ' Christabel' flown, to the very limits of mven- tion and belief, and in his chaunt of • Fire. Famine, and slaugh- ter ' he has revived the vehement strains of the slbjls. or rather furies, and given us a song worthy of the prime agents of perdi- tion . His translation of ■ Wallenstein' 1 have heard commended by good judges, as superior to the drama whose language it pro- fesses to -re.-ik ; and his ' Remorse,' though a play for the closet nihil- tliau the stage. h.is p.assages full of p.assion and Are. In priiM' lii- iiuwirs are not .all equal; he is occasionally, indeed, gra- pliic and liv.lv. as when he gives an account of his voyage; often dramatic in the description of his success as a preacher of lay sei^ mons; but he is too frequently obscure and mystical. ... As his fame will be settled by his best poems, he is as sure of future repu- tation as any poet of this age."— All.un CuN.NIKoniU : £ii,g. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last bO ytars. Coleridge, Sara Henry, 1803-1852, only daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and widow of his ncphcvy, Henry Nelson Coleridge; h. at Keswick. As the able edi- tor of her father's works, {q. v..) as a translator, and by her original compositions, she has added to the family laurels, 'frans. from the Latin of Martin Dobrizhofi'er's Account of the Abipones, an Equestrian People of Paraguay, Lon., 1822, 3 vols. Svo. "My dear (Jau"hter's translation of this hook is. in my judg- ment, unsurpassed for pure mother English."— S. T. Colebidue. The reader will find the work a most interesting account of savage life. Phantasmion, a Tale, 1837, Svo. " • Phantasmion' is not a poem; but it is poetry from begin- ning to end. and has many pneras iu it. A Fairy Tale, nnique m its kind pure as a crystal in diction, tinted like the opal with the hues of an evei'-springing sunlit fancy."— i"». Quarterly Iltvitw. Pretty Lessons for Good Children, ISmo. " With an imagination like a prism, shedding rainbow changes on her thoughts,' she shows study without the afl^ectation of it, and a Greek-like closeness of expression." Coleridge, William Hart, D.D., 1790-1S50, Bishop of Barbadoes and the Leeward Islands, only son of Luko H Coleridge, was educated at Christ Church, Oxlord. In 1824 ho was consecrateil the first Bishop of Barbadoe.s, resigned iu 1841, on account of the failure of his health. COL COL Address to Candidates for Holy Orders in the Diocese of Barbadoes, Lon., 1829, 12mo. Charges delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of Earbadoes and the Leeward Is- lands, Lon., 1S35, 8vo. Sermons, Lon., 1841, '42. Coles, Elisha, d. 1688, Steward of Magdalen College, Oxford ; subsequently Clerk to the East India Company. Practical Discourse of tJod'a Sovereignty, Lon., 1673, 4to. 14th ed.. 1768. "One of the most useful and the best known to all experimental Christians of any written in any languajre." — 1»R. Ryland. " Coles is equally argumentative, Scriptural, and practical." — Dr. E. Williams. " Many good thoughts, but hardly guarded enough." — BiOKEES- TETH. Vfm. Sellon wrote an answer to Coles, entitled, Defence of God's Sovereignty against the impious and horrible As- persions cast upon it by Elisha Coles, 1770, 12mo. Romaine commends Coles's Discourse in high terms, and Dr. E. Williams tells the following anecdote concerning it: "Wh&n setting out in the ways of God, I found this book sin- gularly usefuL A carnal minister(who had gravely recommended for my perusal Dean vSvvift's 'Tale of a Tub') observing my par- tiality to it, remarked with emotion, 'If the doctrines contained in that book be true, I am sure to go to hell ;' I then replied, what I now deliberately confirm; ' If these doctrines be not true, I have no hope of going to heaven,'" AVe have read the work with the attention and interest which the subject demands ; but instead of giving our opinion of its merits, we consider that we do better by quoting both pro and con. Coles, Slisha^ b. about 1640, nephew of the preced- ing, a schoolmaster, educated at Magdalen College. The Complete English Schoolmaster, Lon., 1674, 8vo. Short Hand, 1674, 8vo. In this work he improves upon Mason. English Dictionary, 1677, 8vo. Dictionary English-Latin, Latin-English. 1677. 4to; ISth ed., 1772, Svo. Harmony of the Euur Evangelists, 1671, Svo. Other educational works. Dictionary of Heraldry, 1725, Svo, (tc. Coles, Gilbert, D.D. Theophilus and Philodoxus, Lon.. 1574, 4to ; rel. to Ch. of England and Ch. of Rome. Coles, Joseph, England to he walled with Gold, and to have the Silver as plentiful as the Stones of the Street, Lnn., 1700, 4:to. This prophecy still awaits the time of its iultilment. Coles, R. Certayne Godly Exercises, &c., Lon., Svo. Coles, Thomas. Sermon, 1813. Coles, Thomas, D.D. Sermon, 1664, 4to. Coles, William. See Cole. Colet, John, D.D. 1466-1519, Founder of St. Paul's School ; entered Magdalen College, Oxford, 14S3 : Rector of Denington, 1485 ; of Thyrniug in the .same year; Dean of St. Paul's, 1505. His lectures, and those of his coadju- tors Grocyn and Sowle, did much to prepare the way for the Reformation by calling public attention to the Holy Scriptures. The boldness of Colet excited the animosity of Dr. Fitz James, Bishop of London. Whilst travelling on the Continent, Colet became acquainted with Budoeus, Erasmus, and other learned men, and studied the Greek tongue, then much neglected in England : so much so in- deed, that it was a proverb, Cave d Gnects, ne Jlas hxertti- cue — Beware uf Greek, lest you become a heretic. Its in- troduction at Oxford was viulently opposed. Colet, whilst yet living, appropriated his property to the founding of St. Paul's School. He appointed William Lilly first master in 1512. Responsis ad Dissertatiunculam Erasmi de Pavore, Colon., 1519, 4to. Oratio habita a Doctore Johanne Colet, De- cano Sancti Pauli, ad Clerum in Convoeatione, anno 1511. Rudimenta Grammatices £i Joanne Coleto. Decano Sancti Pauli, Liiudin., in Usum Schol« ab ipso Instituta?, [com- monly called Paul's Accidence,] 1539, Svo. The Con- struction of the Eight Parts of »Speech, entitled Absolutis- simus de octo orationis Partium coustructione libellus. This, with some alterations and considerable additions, forms the syntax in Lilly's Gi'ammar, Antwerp, 1530, Svo. Daily Devotions, Lon., 1693, Svo. Monition to a Godly Life. 1534, Svo. Epistolte ad Erasmum. Serm. on Rom. xii. 2, on Conforming and Reforming, Camb.. 1661, 12mo ; see the Phcenix, ii. iii. 23. Life of Dean Colet, by Dr. Sa- muel Knight, Lon., 1724, Svo; ditto, by Erasmus, see Phoenix, ii. 13; and see Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog. i. 433; Statutes of Dean Colet, Lon.. 1816, Svo. " He [Bishop Fitz .Tames] would have made the old dean Colet of Paules an heretick for tran.slating the Pater noster in English, had not the bishop of Canterbury (Warham) helpt the dean." — Ttndal: aiuwer itntn M. More. " He should have bin burnt if God had not turned the King's heart to the ontrarie."' — Lafimcr's ,'^ermons, 1595, 4to. '■ So exquisitely learned, that all Tully's works were as familiar to him, as his epistles. He was also no stranger to Plato and Plo- tinus,whom he not only read, but conferred and paralleled, perusing the one as a commentary on the other. And as for the matbiina- tii.-ks, there was scarce any part thereof wherein he was not st-on above his years." — Wood's account of Colet, iit the time when he was " licensed to proceed in arts." The reader, however, is to understand that Colet read Plato and Plotiuus through the medium of the Latin translations: Greek was scarce in Colet's college-daya. The statutes of St. Paul's School require that the master is to be " learned in good and clene Latin literature, and also in Greke, if euck mrn/ be gotten," Colet, John A. Review of the Life and Writings of John Wesley, Lon., 1791, Svo. Letter to Thos. Coke and H. More, 1792, 8vo. Coleveuman, John. True Alarm, Lon., 1654, fol. Coley, HeiirV" Clavis Astrologiea, Lon., 1669, Svo; 1676, Svo. Almanack for 1690, &,c. Starry Messenger for 16S1, Lon., 12mo. Coley, once a tailor, became a noted astrologer. Coley, James M., M.D. Profes. treatises, 1S06-12. A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children, Lon., 1846, Svo. '• A very useful and interesting addition to medical literature." — Lon, Lancet. Coley, William. Ague at Bridgeworth, 1785, Svo. Colgaii, John, an Iri.-*h friar, Mendicant, and Divinity Lecturer in the University of Louvain. Acta vSauctorum veteris et Majoris Scotise, seu Hiberniie Sanctorum lusulee, &c., Lovanii, 1645, fol. " In this volume he has hooked in most of the old holy-men and women in England and Scotland: so that even Dempster himself could not be more intent on multiplying the Scotch army of saints and martyrs, than Colgau of raising recruits for that of his own native country." — Bishop Nicolson: Irish Hist. Library. Acta Triadis Thaumaturgse sive Divorum Patricii, Co- lumbie et Brigida^, Ac, Lovanii, 2 vols. fol. " Into these he has transcribed all the long and short lives that he could meet with, either in print or manuscript, which had been written of these three £±mous and contemporary saints." — Uhi supra. These three vols, were marked in a bookseller's cata- logue. £20. Tractatus de Vita Joannis Scoti Doctoris Subtilis, Ant- werp, 1655, Svo. Colinson, Robert. Book Keeping, Edin., 1683. Collard, John, pub. some works under his name re- versed, (■. c, John Dhalloc. Life. &c. of J. H. Hobera, Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 12mo. Epitome; 2d ed., called The Es- sentials of Logic, 1796, Svo. Praxis of Logic for Schools, 1799, Svo. Collard, Thomas. The Fatal Period, 1748, Svo ; on Ezek. xviii. 31. College, Stephen. His Trial, Ac, 1681, fol. Collens, John. To the Anabaptists, Lon., 1660, 4to. Colics, Abraham, M.D. Surgical Anatomy, part 1, Dubl., ISll, Svo. Lectures on Surgery, Lon., 1S45, 2 vols. 12mo. " Even without the precious impress of Mr. Colles's name, any prar*tii.al man looking over these pages would at once perceive that he was reading the doctrine of a master in the art." — Bmt. and For. Medical Review. Colles, Richard. Reports in Parliament, 1697-1713, Dubl., 17S9, Svo. This forms vol. 8th of Brown's Cases. Collet, Henry. Laws rel. to Estates, &c.. 1754, Svo. Collet, John, M.D. Med. Trans., 1772. Phil. Trans., xi. S7. Collet, Joseph. Sermons, 1713, '42. Collet, Samnel. Paraphrase on the 7 Cath. Epistlea; after the manner of Dr. S. Clarke's Parap. on the Evangel. 1734, Svo. Collet, Samuel, M.D. Restor. of the Jews, 1747. Collet, Stephen. Relics of Literature, Lon. ,1823, Svo. " Contains upwards of 260 very amusing .articles, many of them notices of Hare and Curious Books." — Lon. Literary Gazette.. This is a work which should be in the possession of every bibliographer. Colleton, John. Defence of some Priests, Lon., 1602. Collett, J. Three Discourses, 1774, Svo. CoUett, Jolm. Sacred Dramas, 1805, 12mo. Colley, John. Observation con. Religion, 1612, 4to. Colliber, Samuel. Columna Rostrata : or a Critical Hist, of English Sea Affairs, 1727. Theolog. treatises, 1719. *34. '35, '37. Collier, Arthur. Clavis Universalis; or a New In- quiry after Truth, Lon., 1713, Svo. Serms., 1713, '16, '30. Collier, Giles. Answer to E. Fisher's 15 Questions, Lon., 1656. 4to. Vindicise Thesium de Sabbato, 1656. Serms.. Oxf.. 1661. Collier, Miss Jane. Art of Tormenting, 1753, 4to. New edit., entitled The Art of Ingeniously Tormenting, 407 COL with proper rules for the exercise of that agreeable study, Lon., lSi)4. 8v(i. What a subject for a lady's pen ! Collier, Jeremy, 1660-1726, au Knglish Nonjuring bishop of great celebrity, was b. at Stow-with-Quy, in Cambridgeshire. His father and grandfather were both clergymen of the Church of England. In 166"J he was admiitcd a poor scholar of Caius College, Cambridge. He was urilained deacon in 1676, and took jtricf^t's orders the year following. After officiating for some time at the Countess-dowager of Dorset's in Knowle, in Kent, in 1679 he removed to the rectory of Ampton, near St. Edmund's Bury in Suffolk. In 1685 he removed to London, and ac- cepted the post of lecturer at Gray's Inn. He pub. a Sermon in 1686, and The Office of a Chaplain, in 1688. At the Revolution he refused the oath of allegiance, and with that undaunted courage and zeal which always dis- tinguished him, he openly espoused the cause of James II., and vindicated the refusal of his Nonjuring brethren. We remember au acute observation of Mr. Burke, to the effect that it is sometimes as necessary to .'^atisfy people with what they have dune, as it is to stimulate those to action who are undecided. It was somewhat such conviction as this which caused Bishop Burnet to put forth in 1688 his Inquiry into the present State of Affairs, and in particu- lar whether we owe Allegiance to the King in these cir- cumsUinces, and whether we are bound to treat with him and call him back again, or not ? The Bishop says " not/' very decidedly : " He having given that just advantage ap-ainst himself, which came after all that series of injiistii'i? and violence that had gone before it. no man ran think that it was not very fittiiiir to carry it as far as it would pn. aud not to treat him any more upon the foot of acknowledirinj; him kiug." This elicited from Collier an answer under the title of The Desertion discussed in a letter to a Country Gentle- man, Lon., 16SS. In this reply the author states that there was no abdication on the part of James, and that there were no grounds, from the laws of the realm, to pronounce the throne void in consequence of a retreat impelled by a fear of personal dauger. Edmund Bohun answered this treatise, and takes occasion to give a very high character of Collier: " The author of it is my acquaintance and a person for whom I have a great esteem, both on account of his profession, and of his personal worth, learning, and sobriety. &c." For this free expression of his opinions, our worthy Non- juror was seized and committed to Newgate, where he remained for some months. He pub., in 16S9, A Transla- tion of the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Books of Sleidan's Commentaries; Vindici Juris Regii, or Remarks upon a Paper entitled An Enquiry into the Measures of Submission to the Supreme Authority; Animadversions upon the modern Explanation of 2 Henry VII., chap, i., or a King de facto. In 1690, A Caution against Incon- sistency, ifec. Dr. Sherlock's Cause of Allegiance consi- dered, 1691. For a number of years afterwards, indeed until the time of his death, he was in the habit of attack- ing his opponents by minor publications, in which his zeal and honesty were very apparent. The most important of his works we shall notice presently. So conscientious was he, that being admitted to bail, the government having the second time arrested him, he be- came satisfied that he had done wrong in thus tacitly ad- mitting the power of the government to exercise any legal authority: he therefore delivered himself up to Sir John Holt, who, as we may readily suppose, when the good divine had explained his scruples, did not at all hesitate to exercise authority so far as to commit him to the King's Bench. He was, however, speedily released on the appli- cation of his friends. The kingdom was thrown into great commotion in 1696 by the discovery of what has since been called the Assas- sination Plot. An insurrection was to be promoted in fa- vour of James, and King William was to be assassinated, or made prisoner. On the 3d of April, Sir John Freind and Sir William Perkins were executed for treason at Ty- burn. On this occasion, Collier and two other clergymen, Cook and Snatt, attended the unhappy men on the scaffold, and administered absolution to them ; although they bad justified what was styled their treason, in a paper delivered to the sheriff immediately before their execution. This gave great oflence, and led to the imprisonment of Cook and Snatt in Newgate, whence, however, they were speedily released without a trial. Collier aI.>?conded, and was out- lawed. Nothing daunted, however, by these frequent con- flicts %vilh the government, the courageous Jeremy put forth a Defence of his Absolution given to Sir W. Perkins at the place of Execution, Lou., 1694. In 1713 Collier lOd COL was consecrated a bishop by Dr. Hickcs, one of the Non- juring clergy. Dr. Hickes had received consecration at the hands of the deprived bishops of Norwich, Ely, and Peterborough. Collier was a man of estimable character, and, as we shall presently see, one of the greatest literary benefactors ever enjoyed by England. One of his princi- pal works was Essays upon Several Moral Subjects, part 1, piib 1697; part2,n03; part .3,1705. Part 1 consists of six Essays: 1. Pride. 2. Clothes. 3. Duelling. 4. Ge- neral Kindness, b. The Office of a Chaplain. 6. The weakness of Human Reason. The four first arc in dia- logue, written with great spirit and vivacity. The two last are continued discourses. '■ That on the cffice of a chaplain is particularly laboured, and has been looked upon as the author's masterpiece." The Second Part contains Seventeen Discourses : 1. Fame. 2. Music. 3. The Value of Life. 4. The Spleen. 5. Eager- ness of Desire. 6. Friendship. 7. Popularity. 8. The Immateriality of the Soul. 9. The Entertainment of Books. 10. Confidence. 11- Envy. 12. The Aspects of Men. 13. Despair. 14. Covetousness. 15. Liberty. 16. Old Age. 17. Pleasure. Several of these arc written in dialogue, but most of them are discourses. " They are all of them calculated to inform the nnderstanding, reform the manners, and to give a right turn to the thoughts of the reader." In the Third Part the author treats of— 1. Pain. 2. Re- venge. 3. Authors. 4. Infancy and Youth. 5. Riches and Poverty. 6. Debauchery. 7. Drunkenness. 8. Usury. 9. The Character of an Apostle. 10. Of Solitude. Then follows several miscellaneous pieces. *'If we abate the tioweriness of the languape, which was tho fashion, I will not say the tault, of that time, it will be difluult to find any essays more capable of affording a rational pleasure than those of our author."— I>R. Campbkll. In 1701 Collier pub. in 2 vols, folio, a translation with additions of Moreri's Great Historical Dictionary, under the title of The Great Historical, Geograi)hical, and Poeti- cal Dietionary. This was well received; and in 1705, a third volume appeared, under the title of A Supplement, &Q.- and in 1721. a fourth volume, called an Appendix, was published. This bulky work is now in little request, although very curious and worth more than the few shil- lings a.vked for it by the London booksellers. Before we notice' the most useful purpose to which Col- lier applied his very respectable talents, we shall devote a few lines to the truly valuable Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, chiefly' of England, from the first planting of Christianity, to the death of Charles 11. ; with a brief account of the affairs of religion in Ireland, collected from the best ancient histories, councils, and records, Lon., 1708-14, 2 vols, fob, {v. jjont for notice of a new edit.) This work called forth severe animadversion from three bishops, Nicolson of Derry, Burnet, and Kennett. But our doughty warrior, who cared neither for kings nor bishops, when he considered them in the wrong, and be- ing " every inch" a bishop himself, again set the press to work, and levelled his batteries against Bishops Burnet and Nicolson in 1715, and despatched Bishop Kennett two years later. At one period the price of this work had fallen very low. " I have seen many a copy sold for little more than waste paper. But the age of book-vandalism is past." — Dibpin. It contains much matter not to be found in Mosheim, especially many curious particulars relative to the theolo- gical publications of the 16th century. Dr. Campbell speaks hit^hly of this work: "The method in which this history is written is very clear and exact, his authorities are constantly cited hy the author, bis re- marks are .'^hort and pertinent, and with re-'-pict to the disserta- tions that are occasionally inserted, they are such as lend to illus- trate and explain those perplexed points of which they treat, and contribute thereby to the clearer understanding of the narration, . , . Taking the whole together, it will be found as judicious .and impartial a work, as the world, in doing justice to his talents, could have expected it." See conclusion of this article. We now proceed to notice one of that small number of books — of which the Letters of Pascal and the Romance of Cervantes are instances— which have been found suffi- ciently powerful to effect a revolution in public opinion, or to awaken sufficient opposition to real or supposed evils, publicly tolerated, to drive them into obscurity, or brand them with disgrace. Our good bishop lived in those evil days of corruption of morals which followed the stern morality which distinguished the ascendency of the Puri- tans. From the sjilcndid antechamber of a depraved mo- narch, to the humble tenement of the obscure artisan, the "pestilence" of licentiousness "wasted at noonday/* lack- COL ing even sufficient remains of rirtue to make it willing to wait for the twilight, with the less shameless libertinism of the days of Job. This was pain and grief of heart to the zealous Nonjuror. Compelled to dwell among them, he "in hearing and seeing rexed his righteous soul from day to day," with that which, whilst he earnestly deplored, it seemed hopeless to try to remedy. That master painter, Mr. Mac.iulay, has given us a sketch, in his own graphic style, of the morals of the time : "Then came those days, never to be recalled without a blush— the davs of servitude %vithout loyalty, and sensuality without love, of dwarfish talents and gigantic vices, the paradise of cold hearts and narrow minds, the golden age of the coward, the bi'.-ot, and the slave. The king cringed to his rival that he mi"ht tram- ple on his people, sunk into a viceroy of Frauce. and pocketed with complacent infamy, her degrading insults, and her more dei-rad- ing gold. The caresses of harlots, and the jests of bulfoous. regu- lated the m&asures of a government, which hadjust ability enough to deceive, and just religion enough to persecute. . . . Crime suc- ceeded to crime, and disgrace to disgrace, till the race, accursed of 6od and man, was a second time driven forth, to wander on the fece of the earth, and to be a by-word and a shaking of head IB the nations."— .Mu,TON : Ed. Iteneio, xlii. 304. The unsound condition of public and private morality was faithfully reflected in the drama, and ostentatiously displayed upon the stage : "During the forty years which followed the Restoration, the whole body of the dramatists invariably represent adultery- we do not say as a peccadillo— we do not s,ay as an error which the violence of passion may excuse— but as the caDingof a fine .rentle- man— as a grace without which his chai-acter would be imperfect. It IS as essential to his breeding and to his place in society that he should make love to the wives of his neighbours, as that be should know French, or that he should havea sword at his side In all this there is no passion, and scarcely any thing that can be called preference. The hero intjigues, just as he wears a wi-; b(^ cause if he did not, he would be a queer fellow, a city pri<'. per- haps a Puritan .Ml the .igreeable qualities are always gi?en to tne gaUant. .411 the contempt and aver.^ion are the portion of the nnfortun.ate husband. ... The dramatist evidently does his best to make the pei-son who commits the injury graceful sensible and spirited, and the person who suffers i't a fool, or a tyrant, or both. —Oimic Dranialistsof the Xcstoratmn. There is nothing too wicked, nothing too absurd, to lack advocates and apologists. Therefore we need not be sur- prised to find Dennis, Drake and Filmer abetting, Leigh Hunt defending, and Charles Lamb apologizin"- for, such literary satyrs as Wycherly, Congreve, Farquhar, Van- brugh, and, we are sorry to add, John Dryden. The stage seemed to present an available point of attack on the unclean monster of social corruption, and Collier resolved to commence the war of e.Mtennination on its stronghold. In 109,8 he published A Short View of the Immorality and Profanencss of the English .'^tac'e. to- gether with the Sense of Antiquitv upon this Argument. In the preface to this work, nowbef^ore us, he briefly states the object of his critique, and the necessity existing for a rebuke of the character attempted : '• Being convinced that nothing has gone further in Debauching the Age than the .Stage-Poets and Pl.ay-House: I thought I could not employ my Time better than in writing airainst them These men. sure, take Virtue and Regularity for Great Enemies; why else IS their disalTection so very remarkable? It must be said they have made their attack with great Courage, and gained no very inconsiderable Advantage. But it seems, Lewdness without Atheism is hut half their Business. Conscience might possibly recover, and Revenge be thought on : and therefore like Foot-Pads they must not^only Hob but .llurther. . , . I confess I have no Ceremony for Debauchery. For to Complement Vice, is but one Remove from worshipping the Devil." The first charge is the immodesty of the stage, and the natural consequences of such indecency. He shows that the theatres of the Greeks and Romans were far less guilty in this respect than the English theatre. In the latter part of the first chapter, he quotes the testimony of Ben Jonson. Beaumont and Fletcher, .and Corneille a<'ainst the abuses which he condemns. Chap. 2d is entitled "The Profanencss of the Stage," which is proved by instances of • Cursing and Swearing." " Blasphemy," "Abuse of Re- ligion and the Holy Scriptures." He brings this grave charge against the writings of Dryden. Congreve, Otway, and Vanbrugh. Chap. 3d is entitled, " The Clergy abused by the Stage. Chap. 4th considers the subject of " Im- morality encouraged by the Stage." Chap. 5th is devoted to miscellaneous reflections. " Remarks upon Amphytrion, On the Comical History of Don Quixote." &c. In chap 6th he reinforces his position by citations from Heathen philo- sophers. Christian fathers, and Catholic councils. The sale of this work was so large, that the 4th edition lying- before us liears the date of 1699; the first was published March 1697-9S. That Collier, like zealous disputants generally, may in some instances have stretched his indictment too far, and mistaken levity for sin, and want of taste for want of de- COL conim, can be allowed without denying him the character to which he is justly entitled, of the Reformer of the Eng- lish Stage. Not by any means that he cleansed entirely the .Augean Stable. He removed some abominations, but many remained, and exist in destructive vitality to this day. From that time to the present, the English and American theatres have been the prime corrupters of the morals of the people. The Stage is emphatically the School of Vice. We have sometimes pleased ourselves with the speculation that the drama might be purified, and made an agent of innocent amusement, and historical, perchance even moral, instruction : but we almost despair of such a renovation. Certain it is, that conducted as our theatres are at present, taking together that which is acted upon, behind, and before the stage, we consider that no one who has a proper regard for the interests of morality can consistently lend his influence or counte- nance to such demoralizing exhibitions. If it should be thought that we are too severe in our judg- ment, we answer that the facts of the case are in this, as in every other question, the best evidence. This evidence will prove that three out of every four young men who be- come victims to licentiousness and intemperance are first introduced to vice through the medium of the theatre. As to the other sex — how fathers can permit their daughters, I husbands their wives, lovers the objects of their afl'ections, to have their eyes and ears offended by what must be hearcl and witnessed by those who visit the theatres, is marvel- lous indeed ! But to return to our subject. Collier's vigorous charge threw the ranks of the enemy into great confusion. Hia proofs were too strong to be evaded; his cause too good to be disgraced by ridicule, ^\"hen they had a little recovered from the shock, Congreve made a feeble attempt at a de- fence, which he entitled Amendments of Mr. Collier's false and imperfect citation from the Old Bachelor, the Double Dealer, &c. Vanbrngh also came to the rescue of his sorely- berated production, in a pamphlet which he called A Short Vindication of The Relapse and the Provoked Wife. Nor were these all. Collier had disturbed a hornet's nest : Set- tle, and Dennis, and Drake, attacked him with impertinent buzzing, though unalde to sting. Wycherley was suspected of being one of his assailants. Dr. Filmer took sides against the redoubtable Nonjuror in A Defence of Plays, which had better have been unwritten. But a man who had the courage to deny the right of a king to his throne, and to beard bish^rps upon their bench, was not to be intimidated by a few licentious poets and their apologists. He followed up his first fire with unwa- vering resolution, in the following publications; L A De- fence of the Short View. Jtc, being a Reply to Mr. Con- greve's Amendments, Ac, and to the Vindication of the author of the Relapse. Lon., 1699. 2. A Second Defence of the Short View, being a Reply to a Book entitled The Ancient and Modern Stages Surveyed, Ac, Lon., 1700. This "Book" was written by Dr. Drake. 3. A farther Vin- dication of the Short View, ic., in which the objections of a late Book, entitled A Defence of Plays, are considered, Lon., 1708. 4. Mr. Collier's Dissuasive from the Play House ; in a letter to a Person of Quality, occasioned by the late calamity of the Tempest, Lon., 1703. Collier's victory was not only decided, but overwhelming. Dramatists and actors from that time felt that a healthful public sentiment was in action, which would call them to account for at least heinous ofl'ences. and they become more circumspect, if not really more virtuous. " It was not a little to the credit of Dryden, that he attempted no defence of that which he doubtless felt to be indefensible. He did not even put forth th.at most foolish of all pleas, which we are sorry to see sometimes used on behalf of others by writers who should know better, that he was no worse than the prevailing tone of the times. If this be a valid defence, how shall the world ever grow better? How did Collier happen to be better than the times? Had they not the same code of morality, in the inspired volume, two hun- dred years ago, that we have now? To hear such apolo- gists, we might suppose that the Scriptures were a recent grant to mankind. Some years later, indeed, Dryden, in referring to the subject in the preface to his " Fables," en- tered a protest against the rough handling he bad received, and put in a plea to mitigate the force of the sentence, but he winds up with a confession which is to the credit of his candour. He finds fault with Collier's rudeness, and the "horse play of his raillery," and decl.ares that "in many places he has perverted by his glosses the meaning" of what he censures; but he admits that he is justly con- demned; COL " I have pleaded giiiltT to all thoughts or expressions of mine that can he truly accused of obscenity, immorality, or profaneness. If Mr. Collier." lie continues, "bo mine enemy, let him triumph; if he be my friend,— as I have given him no personal occasion to be otherwise,— he will be glad of my repentance." Dr. Johnson, in his Life of Congreve, gives an animated description of the battle between Collier and the Dramatic poets. Of the assailant, he remarks: •'Hew,as formed for a controvertist; with suflicient learning; with diction vehement and pointed, though often vulgar and in- correct: with uncontjuerable pertinacity; with wit in the bi;;hest degree keen and sarcastic; and with .all those powers exalted and invigorated bv just confidence in his cause. Thus qualified, and thus incited.'he walked out to battle, and assailed at once most of the living authors from Drvden to D'Urfey. His onset wa.s vio- lent ; those passages, which while they stood single had passed ■with little notice, when they were accumulated and exposed to- gether, excited horror; the wise and the pious caught the alarm; i and the nation wondered why it had so long sulfered irreligion and licentiousness to be openly taught at the public charge. No- thing now remained for the poets but to resist or fly. Dryden's | conscience, or his prudence, angry as he was, withheld him from the conflict. Congreve and Vanbrugh attempted answers. . . . | The stage found other advocates, and the dispute was protracted througli ten years:— but at last Comedy grew more modest: and [ Collier lived to see the reward of his labour in the reformation of the theatre. Of the powers by which this important victory was achieved, a quotation from ' Love for Love,' and the remark upon it, may afford a specimen : '"Sir Sampson Sampson's a very good name ; for your Sampsons were strong dogs from the beginning. '■'^Trp'/icn.— Have a care! If you remember, the strongest Sampson of your name puU'd an old house over his head at last!' " • Here von have the Sacred History burlesqued : and Sampson once more' brought into the house of Dagon to make sport for the Philistines.' [Collier's Comment."] For a graphic sketch of this controversy, and of the dramatic poetry of the time, we refer the reader to Mr. Macaulay's Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, Edin- burgh Review, January, 1841. The Reviewer admits the occasional errors in his indictment, into which an honest zeal betrayed the author of the Short View, but agrees with the verdict of the day, that '• When all these deductions have been made, great merit must be .allowed to this work. There is hardly any book of that time from which it would be possible to collect specimens of writing so excellent and so various. To compare Collier with Pascal would indeed he absurd. Yet we hardly know where, except in the Provinci.Tl Letters, we can find mirth so harmoniously and becom- ingly blended with solemnity, as in the Short View. In truth, all the models of ridicule, from hroad fun to polished and antithetical sarcasm, were at Collier's command. On the other hand, he was complete master of the rhetoric of honest indignation. AVe scarcely know any volume which contains so many bursts of that eloquence which comes from the heart, and goes to the heart. Indeed the spirit of the book is truly heroic. . . . Congreve's answer was a complete failure. He was angry, obscure, and dull. Even the Green Room and Will's Coffee House were compelled to acknow- ledge, that in wit the parson had a decided advantage over the poet."' Collier has received ample commendation from many quarters : '• I question whether any man can read Swift's Tale of a Tub. or Don Quevedo's Visions, without finding himself the wor.se for it. In regard to all such indiscreet applications of wit, every young student may guard his mind, and rectify bis .iudiment. by read- ing Mr. Collier's View of the Profaneness and Immorality of the English Sta,ge; a book which brought Drvden to repentance, and doe's indeed' beggar every work upon the same argument. It is the triumph of\vit over scurrility: of piety over profaneness: of learning over ignorance; and of Christianity over Atheism." — Ldf^-r from a Tutor In Ms Pupils. "It was certainly a very bold thing in Mr. Collier to attack at once the Wits and Witlings of those times: among the first were Mr. Dryden. Mr. Congreve, and >Ir. Vanbrugh; among the hatter, were Tom Durfev and many more: hut he is certainly to be com- mended for forming so good a design as th.at of reducing the stage to order, and thereby preventing the morals of mankind from be- ing corrupted, where they ought to be amended "—Dr. Cimpbeu.. '•The public opinion ran so much .against the defenders of the theatre, .and in f;ivour of their enemy, that King William consi- dered Mr. Collier's book as a work which entitled the author of it to some lenitv in a prosecution then carrying on in conser|uence of errors in his political conduct."— iVe/ace to Sup. to Dodsley's Coll. nf Old Plays. Cibher observes that the calling our dramatic writers to this strict account had a very wholesome efl'cct upon those ■who wrote after this time. They were now a great deal more upon their guard; indecencies were no longer wit; and by degrees the fair sex came .agtiin to fill the bo.xes on the first day of a new comedy, without fear or censure, ■We may be allowed to repeat the opinion that neither at that, nor at any subsequent time, has the bo.x of the theatre been the most proper place in the world for a modest and refined woman. In concluding our notice of this warm- hearted, e.xemplary. and truly excellent divine, we should not forget to metition that Father Courbeville speaks in the highest terms of Collier's Miscellaneous Works, which he decl.nres set him on a level with Montaigne, St. Evre- 410 COL mond, La Bruyere, &c. He made a translation of the Short View iuto French, which gave him an oipportuuity of re- newing his commendation. Collier has been suspected of a leaning to popery, because, towards the close of his life, he "mixed water with wine in the Eucharist, made the sii'n of the cross in confirmation, employed oil in the visi- tation of the sick, and offered up prayers for the dead." But we have many instances of an adoption of some par- ticular ceremonies, and even doctrines of ecclesiastical communion, whilst other portions of the same code are ve- hemently denounced. ^ Bishop Burnet indeed complains of our author s iccle- siastical History on this wise ; , , u '■There appeared to me quite through the second volume, sucn ' a constant inclination to favour the popish doctrine, and to cen- i sure the Reformers, that I should have b:.d a better opinion of the author's integrity, if he had professed himsell to be not of our communion, nor of the communion of any other Protestant Church 1 —PrefaK to tht Hist, oflht Keformatiun of the Cl.urcU of Lngland. I Now we believe the bishop to have been a truly honest man. mtiny opinions to the contrary; but the charges of a party writer, and veteran disputant, must always be re- i ceived with caution, and Bishop Burnet was " a man of war from his youth." We are pleased to notice the appearance of a new edition of Collier's Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, from the first planting of Christianity to the Reign of Charles the Second, with a brief Account of the nfiairs of Religion in Ireland, with Life of the Author by Thomas Lathbury, the Controversial Tracts connected with the History, and a new and much enlarged Index, 9 vols. Svo, 18o2. '■ There are onlv two writers of the genuine History of our Church who deserve the 'name of historians, Collier and I'uller. —Bishop Warbvrlnn's Directions to a Student in Thmlrg!/. '• Collier died in the vear 17'26; his Church History is still one of our most, if not the most valuable of our Ecclesiastical Histories, and all his works display talents of no ordinary kind."— Lathbury. Collier, Joel. Musical Travels through England, Lon , 1774, Svo, '76 and '85, 12mo. This is a burlesque of the Musical Travels of Dn. Bi'knet (q. r.) Alexander Bicknell wrote part of it, and Peter Beckford the latter Collier, John. Compendium Artis NauticiB, 1729. Collier, John. Jewish History, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. Svo. Life of Christ, &c., 1797, 2 vols. Svo. Animation and Intellect, 1800. Svo. Reanimation from the Repro- duction of Vegetable Life, and the renewal of Life, alter Death, in Insects, 1809. Svo. _ Collier, John. Works of Tim Bobbin, Esq., in Prose and Verse, with Life of the Author, by John Corry Roch- dale, 1S19, r. Svo. Other pub. under name of Tim Bobbin, 176i '62, '6;), ISIO. Collier, John. Essay on Charters, Newc, li i7. Collier, John Dve. Law of Patents, L.ra., ISC, Svo. Life of Abrtiham Ncwland, Esq., ISOS, 12mo. Collier, John Payne, b. in London, 1789, was en- tered a student of the Middle Temple at the age of 20, but found the attractions of Elackstone insuflicient to overcome the blandishments of Elizabeth.an literature. He occa- sionally relieved his poetical studies by contributions to the Morning Chronicle, the Literary Review, the Edin- burgh Magazine, &c. In 1820 he pub, in 2 vols. r. 8vo, The Poetical Decameron, or Ten Conversations on English Poets and Poetry, particularly of the Reigns of Elizabeth and James. The reader should secure this work. '• Few books lately published contain so much valuable and ori- ginal information." — Hallam. ,ooo mi • The Poet's Pilgrimage, a Poem, appeared in 1822, Ihis was an early composition. In 1825-27 he pub. an edit, of Dodslev's Old Plays, to which he added six dramas, and in a su'pplementarV vol. (1S2S) he pub. five more dramas temp. Elizabeth. In 1831, in 3 vols. p. Svo, appeared his excellent History of English Dramatic Poetry to the Time of Shakspeare, and Annals of the Stage to the Restoration. " As an authoritv in all points connected with the history of the stage the production of Mr. Collier not only stands alone in our literature, but it may be said, that he has so thoroughly sifted and discussed the subiect. as to have left little or nothing to reward the labour of future inquirers."- i»». Mw Mm Mug., Aug IS61. " A valuable record of the British Stage."— JMrop»i., Aug IbJl. Mr. Collier now found a labour of love in the compila- tion of a Bibliographical and Critical Catalogue of Lord Ellesmere's Collection of Rare English Books. This was privately printed. In his examination of the treasures of Lord Ellesmere's Library, Mr. Collier discovered some precious documents, which threw much light upon the his- tory of onr (for we Americans claim a property m Shaks- peare) great dramatist, and from those papers and other records, he compiled his New Facts regarding the Life of Shakspeare, pub. in 1836. In the next year appeared New COL, Particulars, and in 1839, Fi.rtber Particular?, eoBcernin.' the same "great argument." In l.S-i2-44 appeared the result of more tlian thirty years' toil, in the shape of a new edit, of The Works of Shal;speare, the text formed from an entirely new cllation of the old Editions, with the va- rious Readings, Notes, a Life of the Poet, and a History of the Early English .Stage, 8 vols. Svo; new ed., 1858, 6 vols, 8vo. See Lon. Athen., No. 1592. This work was preceded in 1S41 by a List of Reasons for a New Edition of Shakspearc's Plays, which should be studied as a model for all editors. Mr Collier is entitled to the praise of bavin? brourrlit toRether all the known facts that in any way bear upon the life of Sbaks- peare.' — Lon. Spectator. tu'""''!!'?; y™re of unwearied rese.ircb into the history of bis au- thor entitle Mr. Collier to be beard."-£o,i. Alhmnum Ibe most perfect text with the fewest possiMe notes Whoever wants to know what Shakspeare wrote must refer to Collier's edi- tion. — ijim. Slontlihf ^fog(tz^np.. Mr. Collier's Memoirs of the Principal Actors in the Plays of Shakspeare appeared in 18i6. In lUl Mr. C pub. A Book of Ro.'iburghe B.allads. J'J}/:^^"^^'", ','!!''v,"V!"'i ^''""'* i°'*'-«'i"K and v.alnable addition to ou> store of old ballads by the puhIi.-ation of this volume, which embra.-es a cl-iss almost wholly overlooked by former editors."- ix»i. JJ -filing Chrf'ii'de. rare"""' '"'"'"''''^ volume is a treasure of curiosities, rich as well as it,'^°A^^''^ appeared Shak.speare's Library, a Collection of the Ancient Romances, Novels. Legends. Poems, and His- tories used by Shakspeare as the foundation of his Dramas. JNow first collected, and accurately reprinted from the Ori- ginal Editions, with Introductory Notices, 2 vols. 8vo. Ihis va uable work places in the hands of the reader, for a few shillings, matter that could before have been purchased only oy an outlay of hundreds of i)ounds, and which was in many eases altogether inaccessible. In the same year Mr. C. pub Extracts of the Registers of the Stationers' Comp.any of Books entered for publication, 1555-70. In the midst of his many labours, Mr. C. has occasionally found time o promote the objects of three societies in which he l^elt deeply interested :-he has edited several Hilnf fl 1 ^t""^''^ '■'•"'' S'^-k'^Peare Societies, and con- tributed to the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries, of which body he was made Vice-President in 1850. But It IS by his hast publication that Mr. Collier has produced a ternblo e.witement among the antiquaries and ,4akspea- rian critics, red .and mock. In 1S« Mr. C. purchased fiom Thomas Rodd a folio Shakspeare of 1632, which proved to be full of emendations, which a little c.xamina- re nect nf,1 " . 1?^^ Possessor were entitled to great IuTs5^\fr C '"'f'l'g™' annotations of an early hand, lu lSo2 -Mr. C. put forth a volume with his newlv-found treasures displayed to the eyes of a curious worli. The ' rnl^royn"' them, certainly-were in ecstasieL „„ '".''.l"*? f "V O'^n anticipations, and in spite of Mr Collier's «r. we ven™e to think nf ^''"'7 ^""^ ^^'^ ?'^'^° to the world, see also the Lon. Examiner, Jan. 29, 1853; Morning n l?5v'Ben' m''' ''"''• ^-'"-'P'» Mercurv Feb^ zine Mai'ch iLV b'^'T' ^"^^ ^' ^''^^- F^^er's^Maga- h " f, r h.^If ; . ' '■''°'.''° "'""' ""^^ bad been fight- we"re bv n , mef "J'^ "^f '*''" "■ '^°'-''° "emendations," ZZl t] disposed to swallow twenty thousand at Mr ^rir ''"""'""'^to'-^ K^^e "l.'.rrid note of war,'"and Mr. Co her was soon stoutly assailed by those who felt themselves so far outdone in "emendations." Of cmirse 2'nZ'T7"^l\ P"'"'™ °f=^ Recorder, not of a JuXe: do not proless o have any opinion upon the snbieet The siTtlf; r ' "^'''^ "■''"' J'»"''Von., 1853) will i! sist the reader in his inquiry: and he is also referred toli volume, pul. in New York, 1854. entitled Shak ^eare's Scholar, by Richard Grant White, A M Collier, Jo.seph. Obs. on Iron and Steel; in Soc. of Mancljos. Mem., v. 109. ' Collier, Joshua. Double Entry, 1?96, 4to. COL Collier, Nathaniel. Sermons. 1714-5') Collier, R, P A Treali.se on the Law' relating to Mines, Lon.. I.SI'.I, 1 vol. 8vo; Phila, 1S53 follicr, Thomas. Sermons and theolog. treatises. Collier, W., d. 1803, aged 61. Poems. 1800, 2 vols. 8vo. Collier, William. Sermons, 1744, Ac Collisnou, I harles, M.D., d. 1785. Profe.-^. of Ana- tomy in the University of Cambridge. Compendium Ana- tomieo Medicum. Ac, 1756, 4to. The Human Body. Canib., 1794. 8vo. Medicina Politica, .ic. Lon., 1765. 8vG. .Moral and iMedical Dialogue, Lon.. 1769, Svo. Miscell. Works Lon., 1786, 4to. Con. to Phih Trans., 1772. Collin, Nicholas, Rector of the Swedish Churches Pcnnsylvani.a. Con. to Trans. Americ. Soc., 1799: 143. 476. 519: phikdogy, etc. ' Colling, James K. Details of Gothic Architecture, Lon., 18o0-62, 4to. Gothic Ornaments drawn from Chris- tian Authorities, Lon., 1847-50, 4to. ■■ Every contriliution towards a more accurate know!ed-e of our ancestors is worthy of commendation, and the work bel'oie us is one of the most elaborate which has been published with this ob- '^.■, ^'"' '■"'""'■s are ma.rnihcent, and beautifuUy printed."— i,.-« tivil hiiijiiieer mill Archit'ct. •■To young Architects the series will he invaluable."— JcrnArj JScwspiip'')-. Collinges, or Collings, John, D.D., 1623-1690, a Nonconlormist divine, educated at Emanuel College. Cam- bridge, w.as ejected from the living of St. Stephen's, Nor- wich, in 1662. He wrote a portion of the commentaries in Poole s Annotations on the Bible, and pub. a number of serms. and theolog. works. See Watt's Bibl. Bib. Par Nobile, Lon.. 1669. Svo. A Cordial for a Fainting Soul, IboL, 4to. Discourses of the Actual Providence of God lbj8. 4to. ■■ ^\ h.it Colliugs has written on Providence is well performed "— Cotton Mather. ^ "Scriptural and spiritu.al."— Bickebsteth. '■ A man of great worth and reputali..n. one of general learning, signal piety, and eminent nnuisteiial aMlities. He was a spiritui father to beijet many souls to Christ by the Uospel. He was emi- /™1"'.< ';,i;:.'',:,°' '°'' '° ■"■"■■"'^ '" saints."-C„/amy. Nonci.^ Collings, John. Life and Death of Marv Simpson; with her Funeral Sermon, 1649, 4to. Collingwood, Francis. The House-Keeper, Lon., 1(92, 8vo, ' Collingwood, G. L. N. Memoirs and Correspond- T-.'il "I '^'ice-Admiral Lord Collingwood, Lon., 5th ed., 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. ■•It is a work which will occupy a permanent place in the Ene- !ish Library. Ihe portrait of one English worthy more is now secured to posterity."— Z™. Quarterlij Kn\ '■We do not know when we have met with so delightful a book ?,.",. b"';,"''/^■''w"^."■\''■,'' "care so well pleased with ourselves 101 Oeing deJiylitcd. — Lilm. Btrvieiv. Collingwood, John. The Church, Apostolic Pri- mitive, and Anglican : a series of Serm.s., Lon., 1850 8vo Collingwood. Thomas. Con. toMcd.Com.,1785 '93 Co nine, William. Fanatics Dissected, 1660, 4to. Collins. .Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to. Collins. Chapter of Kings, Lon., 16mo. ,„£""'"*' Anne. Divine Songs and Meditation. Lon., Jb53, sm. Svo. A very rare volume. Priced in Bibl. An^lo- Poet. £18. There is an edit. 1658, sm. Svo. "Her poetic turn and moral sentiment are both deservinir of praise." See I!estitut.i, iii. Ii-i-7. ifii)-|. ueservmg oi Collins, Anthony, 1676-1729, a native of Heston near Huunslow, in Middlesex, was educated at Eton and King s College, Cambridge. He was entered a student in the Icmple, but soon abandoned the law for the cultiva- tion of such literary pursuits as might strike his fancv. Unfr.rtun.ately. ho selected a dep,artment far beyond his depth,— theology. Essay concerning the Use of Reason &c., Lon., 1,07, Svo. In the same year he took part in the controversy between Dodwell and Samuel Clarke re- specting the natnr.al immortality of the soul. On this sub- ject Collins pub. four pieces, 1707, 'OS. Priestcraft in Perfection, 1,10, Svo. This work attacks the XXth Arti- cle of the Church of England. It elicited .several answers and comments, (see prefatory epistle to Dr. Bennefs Ess^iv T^^^u^^^- ^'■"'■les. ins, 8v,),) which were responded !,?.^-^.f"'l»f •" l"24in hisHisLand Crit. Essav on the ;Vro V ^'''.eles. ^ indication of the Divine Attributes, i/tu, Svo. Discourse on Frecthinking, 1713 8vo This work caused much excitement, and Collins, alarmed a« .was supposed at the noise he h.ad created, took a trip (the second) to Holland, and remained on the Continent for some months. .,„7»",t"''' 7°'^ ColIin.s inveighs against the vices of the clerirr and attempts to prove that the divisions among ChrLtians arf^ proof of the uncertainty of their prmciples."-Coat,E «1 COL COL Several answers appeared, and the great Dr. Bentlcy despatched tlie Discourse at a single blow in bis Remarks upon a Late Discourse of Freethiuking, in a Letter to F. H.. D.D., [Dr. Francis Hare,] in two parts, by Pliilileuthe- rus Lipsieijsts, Lon., 17L3, Svo, 1719; and Cumb., 1743, 8vo. In the next year, 1714, Lon., Svo., Dr. Hare pub. The Clergyman's Thanks to Philileutherus, &c. Bentley's "Work was trans, into several foreign languages. '• It should be stu(lii_-d by every man who is desirous of forming just notions of biblical criticism. His observations ou the vaiious readini^s of the New 'I'estament are especially worthy of attention." — Ormb: Bibl. Bib. Philosophical Inquiry concerning Human Liberty and Necessity, 1715, '17, Svo: trans, into French, and printed by Des Maizeaux in the Recueil de Pieces sur la Philoso- phie, &c.. Amst., 1720, 2 v(ds. 12mo. A Discourse of the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion, 1724, Svo. " In Ibis the auth'ir maintains that Christianity derives no con- firmation fiom the prophecies of the Old Testament." — Bogue. This discourse was replied to by Whiston, Bishop Chan- dler, Dr. Samuel Clarke, Dr. Sykes, and Dr. Sherlock, and others ; no less than 35 answers appeared. Whiston treats " Collins and Toland in very severe terms, as guilty of impious frauds and laycraft." In 1720 Collins pub. Scheme of Literal Prophecy con- sidered, in view of the controversy occasioned by a late book, entitled A Discourse of the Grounds, Ac., Hague, 2 vols. 12mo; with corrections, Lon., 1727, Svo. Letter to Dr. Rogers on his 8 serms. concerning the Necessity of Divine Revelation, Lon., 1727, Svo. '■ Collins is one of the most subtle and mischievous of his tribe. He rejects as inadmissible every kind of testimony in behalf of Christianity, except that which may be drawn from Piophecy li- terally accomplished ; and this he represents as the sole and exclu- sive evidence on which our Lnrd and bis Apostles I'ested the proof of the Christian Faith."— Bishop Van I\Iildi:rt. See Leland's Deistical Writers; Collier's Eccles. Hist. j Whiston's Life; Biog. Brit.; Curll's CuUec. of Letters. Collins, Arthur, 16S2-1760, a laborious antiquary and heraldic writer. Late in life be received a pension of £400 from George II. Peerage of England : first ed., Lon., 1709, Svo; many edits.; the 3d ed., being the last pub. under the superintendence of the author, contains memorials and letters of Henry, Earl of Northumberland, which were suppressed in the subsequent edits. A new edit., augmented and continued to 1S12, was pub. by Sir Egerton Brydges in 1812, 9 vols. Svo. '■ The work of Sir Egerton Bryd^'es is one of the highest value. In the hands of a man of genius the annals of the noble families of Enj!;land acquire all the historical interest that the subject de- mands." Baronettage of England, 1720, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., en- titled An. Hist, and General Account of Baronets, &c., 1742, 2 vols. Svo. "This work is of necessary reference to the genealogical writer, as containing accounts of families which became extinct previous to any subsequent publication." — Lowndes. The English Baronage, 1727, 4to, vol. i.; all pub. This was intended as a specimen of a Baronage upon an ex- tended plan. Life of W. Cecil, Lord Burleigh, 1732, Svo. Proceedings, Precedents, kc. on claims and controversies concerning Baronies, (tc, 1734, fol. Antiquaries, and members of the legal profession, should have this volume on their shelves. Life, &,q. of Edward, Prince of Wales, sou of Edward IIL, 1740, Svo. Family of Ilarley, 1741, Svo. Sidney's Family Collections of Letters and Memo- rials of State, 1746, 2 vols. fol. Hist. Collections of the Noble Families of Cavendish, Holies, Vere, Harley, and Ogle, Lon., 1752, fol. Compiled at the request of the Countess Dowager of Oxford. "The merit of Collins's works is unquestionable, and to the present day they have continued the great authorities to which all subsequent writers on the same subject have had recourse." — MOUT.E. "To the industry of Collins this country owes an account of its Kobility which few others can show, and certainly none more cor- rect in gpnealot,^ical detail." — Dall\wat. Collins, C. T. Summary of Mosheim's Eccl. Hist., Lon., 1S22, 2 vols. Svo. The Lost Church Found, 2d ed., 1837, 8vo. Collins, Charles, D.D., born 1813. at Cumberland, Maine. Graduated at Wesleyan University, 1S37. Presi- dent of the Emory and Henry College, Va., from 183S to 1852; in which year he became President of Dickinson College, Pa. Principal work, Methodism and Calvinism compared. Has contributed extensively to the Methodist Journals of U. S. CoUius, Charles. Icones Avium, cum nominibus Anglicis: Designed )iy C. Collins, H. Fletcher, and J. Myrdc. Sc, 173t); 8 Engravings. Collins, David; 1756-lSlO^ Judge Advocate of New South Wales, subsequently Governor of Van Dieracn's Land. Account of the English Colony in N^ew South Wales, with some Particulars of New Zealand from Lt Gov. King's MSS., tcrs of the fourth book. The 3d American ed., by H. Wharton, reflects great credit on the editors and publishers. " The task of the American editors has been well performed. Their notes are frequent, able, and full. Over two thousand crises from our reports have been added. The typographical execution of the work is of the highest order. In paper and printing, no law books in the United States surpass the recent publications of the Messrs. Johnson." — Americini Law HegisUr, Nov., lSo2. " The character of the work is well established, as is proved by a demand for a second edition in this country, whose value is much increased by the labours of its American editors." — Judge Gbier. "The notes of Mr. Ludlow and Mr. Collins have been prepared carefully, and embody very fairly the American decisions on the topics discussed in the text.'" — Judge Kaxe. " Of the value of the original work I need not speak. The pre- sent edition has been ably and carefully enriched with annotations, which add greatly to its value. The notes are judicious and accu- i-ate."' — Judge Sharswood. *' The arrangement is clear and comprehensive; the doctrines are generally stated with accuracy, and the whole subject is judi- ciously presented." — E. Spencer Miller. "It is a treatise of great merit and oriirinality." — James P. IIOL- COMBE, Prof.nf Equity in the Univ. nf Virginia. " It is a work of great intrinsic value, enhanced by the judicious and well-selected notes of Jlessrs. Ludlow and Collins, and I doubt not will be highly esteemed by the profession." — S. Greenleaf. Collins, Joshua, an assumed name. Address on the Choice anil use of Books, Lon., 1S02, 8vo ; 4th ed.. 1S05, 12mo; new ed., revised and enlarged by Rev. Saml. Catlow, 1812, 12mo. " This little book contains the best list of English works known." ^Watt. Collins, Nicholas. Summary of the Statutes con- ceruiuLT Justices of the Peace: 4th ed., Ififi.S, 12mo. Collins, R. N. Sunday School Teacher's Companion, with introdnc. Essay by Kev. Dr. Moore, Lon., 184.3, Svo. It is a standincr reproach to selfish men, styled Christians, that Sunday Schools should ever lack teachers. Collins, Richard. Country Gauger's Vade-Mecum, 1677, Svo. CoMins, Richard. Serms., 1705, '15, '16. Collins, Samuel. Serms., Ac, 1607, '12, "17. Collins, Samuel, M.D. The Present State of Russia, Lon., 1(171, 12mo. *' We can answer for thislittle 12mo comprising a fund of amus- ing matter infinitely more copious than many very large and fine works, and that upon not very dissimilar subjects." See Keview in the Lon. Retrospective Rev., xiv. 32, 1S26. Collins, Samuel. Paradise Retrieved; or the Me- thod of manao;inp; and improving Fruit Trees ; with a Trea- tise on Melons and Cucumbers, Lon., 1717, Svo. Collins, Thomas. The Penitent Pnblican, 1610. The Tcares of Love, or Cupid's Projcresse, 1615, 4to. Seo extracts from this poetical tract in Todd's Milton. Collins, Thomas. Physic and Chlrurgery,lC58,8vo. COL Collins, Thomas. Disscrtatio do Frisiila; Lava- tionis Antiiiuitato et nsu in Medicina, Lyons, 1720, 4to. Collins, Thomas. Serms., 17S7, '94. Collins, Thomas. Eeady Reckoner, ISOl, 24mo. Collins, W. Memoir of Goorgo Morland, 180B. Collins, Walsingham. Address to Rep. in Parlia- ment, Lim.. 1778, Svo. Collins, William, 17211-1756. a lyric poet of the first rank, was a native of Chichester, and educated at Win- chester School, and Queen's College, and Magdalen College, O.vford. Whilst at Winchester he wrote his Persian Ec- logues, which were puh. in January, 1742. "In simplicity of description and expression, in delicacy .and softness of numbers, and in n.ituial and unatfected tenderness, they are not to be equalled by any thing of the pastoral kind in the Enjjlish lan};u.ige." — Langhorne. *' In bis last illness be spoke with disapprobation of his Orient.il Eclo;,'ues. as not sufficiently expressive of Asiatic manners, and called them his Irish Eclogues."— it/s by Dr. Johnson. About 1744 he came to London, "a literary adventurer, with many projects in his head, and very little money in his pockets." He pub. Proposals for a History of the Re- vival of Learning, planned several tragedies, and designed many works which he never wrote. " His grciit fault was irresolution; or the frequent calls of im- mediate Tier, ssity broke bis scheme, and suffered him to pursue nosettled pm pose.''— Dli. JoHrisO!(. See Disraeli's commcuts upon Johnson's remarks : Calamities of Authors. In 1747 he pub. his Odes, hnt excellent as they were, they were entirely neglected, and Millar, the publisher, was a loser liy the operation. In 1749 the unsuccessful poet received a legacy of £2000 from the executors of his uncle, Colonel Martin, who h.ad previously befriended him. Ho paid Millar the money which he had lost by the Odes, and threw the remaining copies into the fire. An irregular life had combined with mortification and disappointment to unsettle his mind, and to avert the fearful calamity with which he felt him.self threatened, he travelled for some time in France, in hopes of benefit from change of scene. But he returned home to enter that sad mansion — a luna- tic asylum ; from which he retired to the house of his sister at Chichester, where he died at the early age of thirty-six. Johnson visited him at Islington, and gives .an alfecting account of the interview. Collins held a volume in his hand. " I have but one book," he remarked, "but that is the best," It was a copy of the New Testament. Several edits, of his works have been pub. ; one of the best of which is that by Rev. Alexander Dyce, which includes the Life Ijy Johnson, and Observations on his Writings by Dr. Lang- horne, Lon., 1827, r. Svo. See Collections of English Poetry by Johnson, Bell, Anderson, i'c. The Odes on the Passions, To Evening. To the Brave. To Mercy, and On the Death of Thomson, can never become obsolete. We append some opinions upon the works of this truly excel- lent poet: '■ The works of Collins will abide comparison with whatever Milton wrote under the age of thirty. If they have rather less exuberant wealth of genius, they have more exquisite touches of pathos. Like Milton, ho leads us into the haunted ground of imagination : like him. he has the lich economy of expression hal- lowed with thought, which bv single or few words often hints entire pictures to the imHgimition. . . . Had he lived In eiii..v .lud adorn existence, it is not easy to conceive his sensiiiie t|iiti> and harmonious ear descending to mediocrity in any ].allj <>i j hy: yet it may he doubted if his mind had not a passion for the vi- sionary and remote forms of imagination too strong and exclusive for the general purposes of the drama."— Cnmnteifs Lives of the B^eLs. '■ One of our most exquisite poets, and of whom, perhaps, with- out exaggeration, it ni.ay be asserted, that he partook of the cre- dulity and enthusiasm of Tas.so, the magic wildness of Shakspeare the sublimity of Milton, and the pathos of Ossian."— ZlraJe's iii'c' rari/ Hours. " He had a wonderful combination of excellencies. United to splendour and suljlimity of imagin.ation, he had a richness of eru- dition, a keenness of research, a nicety of taste, and an elegance and truth of moriil reflection, which astonished those who had the luck to be intimate with him." — Sir Egerton Hrydoes. "Of all our minor poets, that is. those who have attempted only short pieces, Collins is probably the one who has shown most of the higher qualities of poetry, and who excites the most intense interest in the bosom of the reader. He soars into the regions of imagination, and occupies the highest peaks of Parnassus His fancy is glowing and vivid, but at the same time hasty and obscure Ho has the true inspiration of the poet. He heats and melts ob- jects, in the fervour of liis genius, as in a furnace." — H.\zlitt. " His diction was often harsh and unskilfully laboured and in- judiciously selected. He affected the obsolete when it was not worthy of revival ; and he puts his words out of the common order, seeming to think, with some later candidates for fame, that not to write prose is certainly to write poetry. His lines com- monly are of slow motion, clogged and impeded with clusters of consonants. As men are often esteemed who cannot be loved, so the poetry of Collins may sometimes extort praise wdien it gives Uttle pleasure." — Johnson : Lives of the Eyiglish roets. COL "Though utterly neglected on tlicir iirst appearance, the Odes of Collins, in the course of one gcneralion, without any adventi- tious aid to bring them into notice, were acknowledged to be the best of their kind in the language. Silently and imiierceptilily they had risen by their own buoyancy ; and their power was felt by every reader who Iiad any poetic feeiing." — Southey. An excellent ed. of Collins's works was edited by Mr. Thomas and puh. Lon.. 1858, Svo. Collins, William Wilkie, h. 1824, in London. 1. Memoirs of his Father, William Collins, E.A., the cele- brated painter. Lon., 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo. " Sometimes the son describes a picture as happily as the father painted it." — Lon. £xami7ter, "Most interesting and instructive volumes. In speaking of himself, he describes with much simplicity a frame of mind well calculated for the achievement of distinction in any walk of life, but more especially in the profession of art." — Lmi. Art Journal. 2. Antonina; or. The Fall of Rome; 2d ed., 1860. 3. Rambles beyond Railways, 1851, Svo. 4. Basil, 1852. 3 vols. p. Svo; 1856, 12mo. 5. Mr.Wray's Cash-Box, 1852, 12mo. 6. Hide and Seek, 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. After Dark, 1856, 12mo. 8. Dead Secret, 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo. "Mr. Wilkie Collins has justitied the expectations that were formed of him on the appearance of his tirst acknowledged romance, 'Antonina.' Since then he has gone ou steadily improving, each work making progress on the preceding one; and this, we believe, is the nmst acceptable praise that can be oflered to an artist. In his earlier works he delighted in the morbid anatomy and painful delineation of monstrous growths of miscalled liuman nature. As his mind has matured and mellowed, it has become healthier. Mr. Wilkie Collins has his faculty of invention well under control; and he keeps clear of extravagance either iu style or incident. '■ — Lon. jK/icn., Mar. 1, 1856: After Dark. His works have been translated into French and German. Collinson, G.D. A Treatise on the Law concern- ing Idiots, Lunatics, and other Persons Non Compotes Mentis. Lon. 1812, 2 vols. Svo. "Collinson on Lunacy, I take this occasion to say. is a valuable work, both for doctrine and precedents, on this melancholy sub- ject of the humau mind in ruins." — Cil.\NCELLon Kent. Collinson, John. Lifeof Thuanus, 4c.,Lon.,lS07,8vo. " It is said that Lord Chancellor Hardwicke resigned the seals that he might have leisure to peruse Thuanus's History." The best edit, of Thuanus's Historiam sui Temporis is Buckley's, Londini, 1753, 7 vols. fol. Analysis of Hook- er's Eccles. Polity, 1810, Svo. Key to the Fathers; being 8 Sermons at the Bampton Lecture, 1813, Svo, " We recommend this work either as a key to those who are de- sirous of scrutinizing these rich treasures of antiquity {the Fa- thers) in the course of their own labours; or as the best substitute for them, to those who wish only to be generally acquainted with their contents." — British Critic. Preparation for the Gospel, Ac, 1S30, Svo. Collinson, John. ISeanties of British Antiquity; selected from the writings of esteemed Antiquaries, Lon., 1780, Svo. Hist, and Autiq. of the County of Somerset, Bath, 1791, 3 vols. 4to. Collinson, Peter, 1693-1768, an eminent botanist, a native f>f Westmoreland, contributed many valuable pa- pers to the Phil. Trans. See 1729, '44, '60, '65, '69, '64, '67. A paper of his relating to the Round Tower at Ard- mere in Ireland will be found in Archajologia. i. 305, 1770. This was answered by B. 0. Salusbury, in p. 80 of vol 2d. An Account of P. Collinson was printed, not pub., Lon., 1770, 4to. Dr. J. C. Lettsom pulj. in 1786, Svo, Memoirs of Drs. Fothergill, Cuming, Cleghorn, Russel, and Col- linson. A Tribute to Peter Collinson was contributed by the late Wm. H. Dillingham of Philadelphia to the Biblical Repertory, Princeton, (New Jersey.) anil since pub. in pamphlet form. See also Nichols's Literary Anecdotea for notices of Peter Collinson. Collis, Edward. Medical treatise, Lon., 1791, Svo. CoUisson. M.A. 17 Sermons, 1848, 12mo. Collop, John. M.D. Poesy revived. Odi Profanum VulgusotArceo.Lon.. 1666, Svo. Iter Satyricum, 1660. 4to. Collot, A. G., b. 1796, in France. Settled in America. Complete Study of French, 6 vols. French and English, and English and French Dictionary, Svo, pp. 1300. Phi- ladelphia, 1863. "A very valuable and reliable work.'' Colls, John H. Poetical and dramat. works, 1785- 1805. Colly, Anthony. Golden Purging Pills, 1671. 4to. CoIIypr, IJ. Fugitive Pieces for Schools, 2vols. ]2mo. CoUyer, David, 'Vicar of Great Coxwell, Berks. The Sacred Interpreter, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. Svo.; trans, into German in 1760. Several English edits. ; the last Lon., 1831, Svo. " This work is calculated for readers in general, and is a good popular preparation for the study of the Holy Scriptures."— Bishop Marsh. Also recommended by Bishops Watson, Lloyd, Van Mildert, Drs. E. Williams, Burton, and others. COL COL " It is not a profound or critical book; but it is a tolerable in- troduction to the Scriptures." — Or.siE. CoUyer, J. 1. Sermon. 2. Remarks, 1S12. Collyer, John. New Game Act, Lon., 1831, 12mo. Crimiual Statutes, &c., Analyzed and Arranged, 1832, 12mo. Reports of Cases in H. C. of Chancery, H. T., 1S44 to U. T., 1845,1845-47, 2 vols. r.Svo., continued by Messrs. Be Gex and Smale. Practical Treatise on the Law of Partnership, 2d ed., greatly enlarged, Lon.. 1840, 8vo. 1st and 2d ed., American edits., by W. Phillips and E. Pickering, Springfield, 1834-39; 3d Amcr. edit., l)y J. C. Perkins with large addits., Boston, 1848j and 4th Amer. edit., with Perkins's notes. 1S53. " In the preparation of this work, Mr. Perkins has rendered a l>enefit to the profession which should not pass unnoticed." — Law Keporter. " The best English treatise on the law of partoeiship is unques- tionably that of Mr. Collyer. as cont-iining a full .^tittt'ment of the principal decisions of Lord Eldon. whnge subtle and powerful ]ey tlie demise of General Pulteney (Lord Bath*a successor) in 1767. In 1764 he pub. a Trans, of the Come- dies of Terence, into familiar English blank Verse, 4toj and 1768. 2 vols. Svo. This publication displayed uncom- mon al.iilities. '■A better translation cannot be expected ; it is such as Terence deservfd, and done by a man of almost equal comic powers with himself." — Db. A. Clakke. In 1768 he became one of the proprietors of Covent- Garden theatre, from which he soon retired, and subse- quently conducted the Haymarket theatre. He wrote pieces (the list of his productions includes 35) for the stage, and traus. others from the French. In 1783 he pub. a new Trans, of Horace's Art of Poetry, with a commentary, in which he ovei-throws Dr. Hurd's hypothesis of the origin of this work. In 1789 he lost his reason, and died in 1794. His Dramatic Works were pub. in 1777, 4 vols. Svo. This collection does not contain all of his dramatic publications. His Miscellaneous Works were pub. in 1787,3 vols. 12mo; and some particulars of his Life, written by himself, in 1795, Svo. *' As a scholar he holds a very respectable rank, as may be seen by his translations of Horace's Art of Poetry, and of the'comedies of Terence; and his manners were as pleasing as his talents were respectaltlc." See Biog. Dramat. ; Pref. t«rthe Connoisseur. Colman, <;eorge, the younger, 1762-1S36, son of the preceding, was educated at Westminster School, Christ Church College, Oxford, and King's College, Aberdeen. He wrote many plays, of which The Iron Chest. 1796, was perhaps the most striking, and John Bull the most profit- able. Sir Walter Scott commends the latter highly. See Biog. Dramat. He also pub. My Nightgown and Slippers, 1797, 4to; enlarged and repub. under the title of Broad Grins, Lon., 1802, Svo; 8th edit., 1S39, 12mo. '• Few books have caused more loud lauphs than the Broad Grins of George Colman the younger: it is a happy union of mirth and the muse, and good jokes are related in so agreeable and facetious a manner, that they can scarcely be forgotten." — Lon. Lit. Oiron. "■ What antic have we here, in motley livery of red and yellow, with cap on h^ad. and dagger of lath in hand? It is the king's jester, a prof-sstd dmll. strangely gifted in all grimace, who pulls faces, and .sells l'i ins bv the yard'. For the impudent joke he baa scarcely an eijual," — )yef,(vii7ister Jieview. Poetical Vagaries, 1812, 4fo. Vagaries Defended, 1813, 4to. Eccentricities for Edinburgh; Poems, Edin., 1816, Svo. Poetical Works; Broad Grins, Vagaries, and Eccen- tricities, Lon.. 1840, 24mo, The 1st edit, of The Iron Chest, 1796, Svo, contains severe strictures on John Philip Kem- ble. In the later edits, these were cancelled. Kandom Recollections, 1830, 2 vols. Svo. 'MVe consider these volumes to offer the most amusing, if not the best, specimen of Dramatic Memoirs hitherto offered to the public." — Court Jmtrvah Colman, Henry. Serm., 1711, 4fo. Essay. Colman, Henry, 1785-1S49. b. Boston. Reports of the Agriculture uf Massachusetts, Boston, 1840, &c. Euro- pean Agriculture and Rural Economy; 4th ed., 1S51, 2 vols. Svo. Agriculture and Rural Economy of France, Belgium. Holland, and Switzerland, 1848, Svo. European Life and Manners. 1849, 2 vols. 12mo. Sermons, 2 vols. Colman, Morsran. Genealogies of K. James and Queen Anne, his wife, from the Conquest, 160S, 4to. See Granger, Colman, W. La Dance Machabre. or Death's Duell, Lon., 16.'J-, 12mo. See British Bibliographer, ii. 463. *• Though not perform'd with that poeficke fire, Tbe niceness of our present times inspire; He spoyles the operation of a pill, Conformeth it onto the patient's will." Poem Iry the '* aut?tor to ?iis hook.'* Sold at Reed's sale. 6661, £7 lbs. Colmore, 3IattheAV, Oratio Funebris, &c., Oxf., 1613. 4to. Colnett, James, Capt.,R.N. Voyage to the South Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, for the purpose of extending the Spermaceti Whale Fisheries, and ascertaining the Is- lands, Ports, &c., Lon., 1798, 4to. This Voyage was made in 1793, '94. and extended Northward as far as the coast of California. Colnett, William, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1711, 4to. Colpitts, T. Improvements in Police. 1803, Svo. Colquhoun, Mrs. Maurice, the Elector of Saxony, Lon.. 3 vfds. p. Svo. *' Mrs. Colqnhoun has spared no pains or research to make her- self mistress of her subject. It has all the merits of a sterling history." — Lnn. Literarv Gazette. "Interwoven with hist<>riial facts, we have a romance of stirrine adventure. The fa'iliiy ..f invention displayed is reniarlialile. It teems with incidents, TIih style is fluent." — Cmn-t Junriial. CoIq!!hoiin,T).C. Animal Magnetism, Lon. .3 vol.s.Svo. Colqnhonn, J.C. Education in Ireland. Cbelt., 1838, 12mo. Hints on the cpicstion now affecting the Church of COL COL Seotlantl, Glasg., 1840, 8vo. Isis Hevelata: Peven Lec- tures on Somnambulism; trans, from the German of Dr. Arnold WieuhoU, Lon., Svo. '' A very extraoi dinary work, full of profound thought, and very elegantly translated." — Lon. Medical Times. Magie, Wit eh or aft, «tc., ISJl, 2 vols. p. Svo. Short Sketches of snnie Notable Lives, 18.^5, ]2mo. Colquhoiin, Lady Janet, 1781-1846, daughter of Sir John Sinclair of Ulster, wife of Sir James Colquhoun of Rossdhu. Narrative founded on Facts, 1822. Thoughts on the Religious Profession and Practice of Scotland, 1823. Impression of the Heart, 1825. Sorrowing yet Rejoicing. •- Pervaded thvouiihout by a tone of the most evangelical devo- tion." — Sirotdsh Gu'irdiau. Despair and Hope. The Kingdom of God. The World's Religion as contrasted with Genuine Christianity, 1839. " We should particularly reconimeud this excL*llent volume to be put into thf h;tnds of such educated young females as admire the writinjrs of Hannah Mnie. and are able to relish them. The pious and gifted writer treats her subjects under the evident in- fluence of great spirituality of feeling, very clearly, and very im- pressively." — Lmi. JVatchmun. The Memoirs of this excellent woman were pub. by Rev. James Hamilton. Lon., 1854; 4th ed., Svo. A Memoir of her sister. Miss Hannah Sinclair, who died in 1818, was pnb. by Rev. Legh Richmond. A vol. of her Letters on the Prin- ciples of Christian Faith was given to the world after her decease, and a collective ed. of her works in 1S51, Svo. Colquhoun, John, D.D. Spirit. Comf'-rt, 1813. 12mo. "This is suited rather for the depressed, than the backslider." — BlCKERSTETH. The Covenant of Grace, 1818. Colquhoun, John* The Moor and the Loch, Lon., 3d edit., 1851. Svo. " The Moor and the Loch is the book of the season." — Lon. Sport- ing Hei'inv. •■ Unpretending, clear, and practical, and does honour to the 'parent lake.' The book bre;ithes of the mountain and the flood, and will carry the sportsman back to the days of his youth."* — Lon. Quarter!}/ Iteview. The Rocks and Rivers of Scotland, Lon,, 1849, p. Svo. "Mr. CoIquh"un. we believe, was the first (with cue exception) who occupied this field of letters: assuredly he has not been its least successful cultivator." — Edin. Even. Cotirant. Colquhoun^ Lud. Report of the Proceedings under a Brieve of Idiotry. Duncan v. Yoolow, Edin., 1837, Svo. " A work of no ordinary value." — Ed. ^fed. and Surg. Jour. Colquhoun, Patrick, LL.D., 1745-1820, a native of Scotland. Police of the Metropolis, Lon., 1796, Svo; 8th edit., 1806. Svo. '■ A curious, important, and interesting; work." — Lownties. Commerce and Police of the River Thames. 1800. Svo. Treatise on Indigence, 1806. Svo. On the Wealth, Power, and Resources of the British Empire; 2d edit., 1815, 4to. '' This work enjoyed for a while a considerable d(?gree of popu- larity, to which it certainly had but slender claims. It is, from beginning to end, a tissue of extravagant hypotheses and exagge- ration." — McCuLLOca: Lit. of Polit. Economy. System of Education for the labouring People, 1806, Svo. Colquhoun, Patrick. Summary of Roman Civil Law, illustrated by Ci>mmentaries on, and Parables from, the Mosaic, Canou, Mohammedan, English, and Foreign Law; vol. i., Lon., 1S50, r. Svo; vol. ii., 1851-53. Colrane. See Colerain-e, Lonn. Colse, Peter. Penelope's Cnniplaint; or a Mirror for Wanton Minions. Taken out of Homer's Odissea, and written in English Verse, Lon., 1506, 4to: 32 leaves. A copy in a bookseller's catalogue is priced £15 15*. " While Pet(;r Colse indulijed an obliquity of reflection against "Willobie's Avisa, he avowedly imitated its style and structure of lyric versification." — Re.stituta^ iii. 532. Colson. Langne Toscane, Lon., Svo. Colson, Charles. Serm. on the Eucharist, 1844, Svo. Colson, John, d. 1760, Prof, of Mathematics at Cam- bridge. Jlethod uf Fluxions, &c., trans, from the Latin of Sir 1. Newton, Lon., 1736, 4to. Analytical Institutions, from the Italian of Agnesi ; edited by John HelHns, 1801, 2 vols. 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1707, '26. '36, Colson, Xath. Mariner's N. Kalendar, 1697, 4to. Colson, \Vm. 1. Arith. 2. Fr. Grammar. 1612, "20. Colston, Launeelot. Philosophia Maturatse ; con- taining the practicalpartthereof in giving the Philosopher's Stone ; whereunto is added a work compiled by St. Dunstan, Lon., 166S, 12mo. Colston, Itlarianne. Journal of a Tour in France, Switzerland, and Italy, 1S19, '20, 21; and 50 Prints illus- trative of the above Tour. '■ The .\uthor appears to have been indefatigable in her researches, and she has given us descriptions of every object in her route which was worthy of the smallest notice ; so that her volume will be a great acquisition to future Tourists, as well as a fund of in- formation and amusement to stay-at-home Travellers." — European Mag., Aug. 1S23. Coltheart, P. Quacks Unmasked, 1727, 4to. Colthrop, Sir Henry. The Liberties, Usages, and Customs of the City of Loudon. Lon., 1642, 4to. Reprinted in the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. v, Coltman, John, d. 1808. Every Man's Monitor, 1781, 12mo; a collection of sentences and maxims. Coltman, N. New Traveller's Companion, ]Sn8,4to. Colton, Caleb C.,d. 1832, Vicar of Kew and Peter- sham, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. Narrative of the Sampford Ghost, 1810, Svo. Hypocrisy, a satirical Poem, 1812, Svo. Napoleon, a Poem, 1812. Svo. Lines on the ConHagration of Moscow, 1816. Svo. Lacon, or Many Things in Few Words, 1820, Svo; 6th ed., 1821; vol. ii., 1822. In the preparation of this work, Mr. C. profited by the Essays of Bacon and the Materials of Burdon. It is one of the most excellent collections of apothegms in the language, but benefited none less than the author. A passion for gaming involved him in embar- rassments, which forced him to abscond to America in 1828, to avoid his creditors. He next took up his residence at Paris, where he was so successful at play that in two years or less he is said to have cleared £25,000. A dread of an impending surgical operation so preyed upon his mind, that he blew out his brains whilst on a visit to Major Sherwell at Funtaineblcau. What a commentary upon one of his own apothegms in Laeon : " The gamester, if he die a martyr to his profession, is doubly ruined. He adds his soul to every other loss, and by the act of suicide, renounces earth to forfeit heaven !"' Colton, Rev. Calvin, 1780-1857, a native of Long Mcadiiw. iMa^sachusetts, graduated at Yale College in 1SI2. In 1831 he visited England, where he remained for four years as a correspondent of the New York Observer. He was appointed Prof, of Pulitieal Economy in Trinity College. Hartford. I. A Manual for Emigrants to America, L m., 1832. 2. History and Character of American Re- vivals of Religion; 3d ed. 3. The Americans; by an American in London, 1833. 4. The American Cottager. 5. A Tour of American Lakes, 2 vols. 6, Church and State in America: being a Reply to the Bishop of London. 7. Four Years in Great Britain. N.Y., 1835. 8. Protestant Jesuitism, 1836. 9. Thoughts on the Religious State of the Country, and Rca.sons for Preferring Episcopacy, — written by Mr. C. at the time he left the Presbyterian ministry and took orders in the Episcopal Church. 10. Abolition a Sedition, and Abolition and Colonization Contracted, 1838. 11. A Voice from America to England, 1839. 12. The Crisis of the Country. 1840. 13. Junius Tracts, 1840- 43-44. 14. The Rights of Labor, 1844. 15. Public Economy fur the United States, 1S48, Svo. 16. Geniua and Mission of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S., 1853. In 1S44 he visited Henry Clay, and obtained from him the necessary materials for the preparation of his Life and Speeches, N.Y., 1844, 2 vols. Svo. After Mr. Clay's death he edited Private Correspondence of Henry Clay, 1855, Svo. Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry Clay, 1856, Svo. Speeches of Henry Clay, 1857, 2 vols. Svo. Colton, George Hooker, 1S18-1S47. Tecumseh, or The West Thirty Years Since; a Poem. New York, 1842, 12mo. An L'dit. uf Cormeuiu's Orators of France, with an Essay by J. T. Headley, from the 16th Paris ed., 1847, 12m(h In 1S44 Mr. Colton established the American Review. Colton, J, O. Greek Reader, Colton, Thomas. De Chylosi Vitiata, Lugd. Bat., 1691, 4to. Colton, Walter, 1797-1851, a native of Rutland, Vermont, was educated at Yale College, and the theological seminary at Andover. In 1S20 he was appointed chaplain in the U. S. Navy, which situation enabled him to gratify his love for travel, the results of which he has given to tho world in his popular volumes. Mr. C. was the author of some poetical pieces also. He held for some time the office of Alcalde of Monterey. Ship and Shore; new ed., edited by Rev. Henry T. Cheever. 1851, 12mo. '■A most spri^'htly and amusing book of Travels, which made for its young author a reputation at once. . . . The present t-ditinu has been remodelled under the tasteful and experienced eye"f Mr. Cheever. whose ample knowledge of the localities finely tiualifies him for the service." A Visit to Constantinople and Athens ; new ed., entitled Land and Lee in the Bosphorus and .^gean, edited by Rev. H. T. Cheever. 1851. 12mo. " Replete with information descriptive of Oriental life and man- ners, customs and scenery." — Parker s Journal. Deck and Port : Incidents of a Cruise to California. "A charming book, full of information and entertainment." Three Years in California. 1850, 12mo. "Graphic, instructive, and often in the most provoking degree mirthful." — Kational Intelligencer. 415 COL COM The Sea and the Sailor; and other Literary Remains of Rev. Walter Culton, with a Memoir edited by Rev. il. T. Cheever. 1851, 12mo. Columbaiius, St., supposed to have been born about 540, died 015, was a native of the province of Leinster, Ireland, according to respectable authorities. — though Mac- kenzie claims him as a North Briton. He fnunded the monastery of Lu.\euil, near Besan^ou, in France, which he governed for twenty years. In G13 he founded the Abbey of Bobio, near Naples, and died there, Nov. 21, 615. His poems were first printed collectively by Goldasti in his Pari^netici Veteres, 4 Insul., ltU14. They are in vol. viii. of the Bibl. Magna Patrnm, Par., 1644, fob. and in vol. xii. of the Bibl. Maxima Patrum, Lyons, 1677. His prose- writings, consisting of theolog. discourses, peuitentials, letters, &c., will be found in the two Bibliotbecie noticed above, and in the Collectanea of Fleming, Augs., 1621, 8vo. Colvil, Sanil. The Grand Imposture Discovered, Edin.. 1673, 4to. The AVhigg's .Supplication, or the Scots Hudibras: a Mock Poem, Edin., 1657; several edits. See a valuable paper on imitations of Hudibras — this among the number — in Lon. Retrosp. Review, iii. ;U7, 1S21. Colvile, alina Coldewell, George. Trans, of Boe- thius De Consolatione Philosophiie, Lun., 1556. 4to. Colville, John, d. 1607. The Palinode, Edin., 1600, Svo. Panenesis. Paris, 1601, Svo. Oratio funebris exe- quis Eiizabethit Anglijv RegiiB-destinata, Paris, 1604, Svo. Colville, H'iUiam. Refreshing Streams, 1655, 4to. Discourses, 1067, '73. Philosophia Moralis Christiana, 1670, 12mo. Colvocoresses, Lt. Geo. M., b. 1816, in Greece; Attache to the U.S. Exploring Expedition. Four Years in the Government Expedition, New York, 1853. 12mo. Colwall, Daniel. Chcm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1672. Colwell, Stephen, b. 25th March, ISOO, in Brooke CO., Va. ; grad. at Jcflcrson Coll., Pa., 1819; admitted to the Bar in Va. in 1821: practised law for some time in Pittsburg, but has been for many years past an iron- merchant in Philadelphia. 1. A Letter to Members of Legislature of Penna. on the Removal of Deposits from the Bank of the U.S. by Order of the President of the U.S., signed Mr. Penn, 1834, Svo, pp. 45. 2. The Relative Position in our Industry of Foreign Commerce, Domestic Production, and Internal Trade, by Jonathan B. Wise, Phila., 1850, Svo, pp. 50. 3. New Themes for the Pro- testant Clergy. Ac, with Notes on the Lit. of Charity, Ac., 1851, 12mo. This work was censured in A Review of New Themes, 1862, 12mo, and New Themes Condemned, 1853, 12mo: and supported in Hints to a Layman, 1S53, 12mo, and Charity and the Clergy, 1853, 12mo. 4. Politics for American Christians, &c., 1852, Svo. 5. Article on Money of Account in Merchant's Mag. for April, 1852, pp. 25. 6. Preface and Notes to Race for Riches, 1853, pp. 54. 7. Po- sition of Christianity in U.S. in its Relations with our Po- litical System and Religious Instruction in Public Schools, Svo, pp. 175. S. The South : a Letter from a Friend in the North with Reference to the Eifects of Disunion upon Slavery, 1856, Svo, pp. 46. 9. Preliminary Essays and Notes to the National Economy of Frederick List, 1S56, Svo, pp. 67. 10. Article on Money of Account in Banker's Mag., in numbers of July and Aug. 1857, pp. 25. 11. The AVays and Means of Commercial Payment; The Money-System and the Credit- System, with the Agency of Money of Account; Analysis of Former and Present Systems of Banking; An Account of the Modes of Payment at the Fairs of Lyons and other Cities; of the Banks of Venice, Genoa, Amsterdam, and H.amburg. and the Bank of England, 1868, Svo, pp. 550. Sec List, FnEnrnicK: MArCrT.j.ocH, John Rams.w. Colwil, Alex., 1620-1076, pub. some controversial tracts. He has been confounded with Samuel Colvil, (ante,) Colyer, Thomas. Certain Queries, 1645. 12mo. Coly net, Anthony. CivilWarresof France. Lon. ,1591. Combe, .\ndre\v, M.D., 1797-1S47, b. in Edinburgh; studied medicine at Edinburgh and Paris, and. after taking the degree of M.D., commenced practice in Edinl.mrgh in 1823. App. consulting physician to the King of the Bel- gians, 1S36. As early as 1S18, like his brother, he became a convert to Phrenology. Observations on Jlental De- rangements, Edin., 1831, 12mo; Lon., 1S41, p. Svo. " The work is not surpassed by .any one of its kind m medical science." — Mcd.-Chirurff. liev., Oct. 1831. The Principles of Phvsiology applied to the Preserva- tion of Health, &e. ; 14th ed., 1852, p. Svo. From 1S34 to '41, 14.000 copies of this work were sold in Great Britain, and 3000 in the United States. " It contains more sound philosophy, more tme practical wisdom relative to the all-impurtaut subject of preserving the health, than 4il6 any other volume in our language." — BHL and Fhr. Sffd. Beview, Oct. 1S41. The Physiology of Digestion; 9th edit., 1S49, p. Svo. Trans, into German and Danish. "It leaves nothing to be desired." — Brit, and Fur. Med. HevieWj Jan. 1S42. Physiological and Moral Management of Infancy j 6th edit., 1847, p. Svo. " It is :i worlt which will clearly reveal to any person of common understanding; the main causes of health and sickness in childi*en." ^WkstmiiLflir Kn'J'ew. Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and Physiology of Digestion, by William Beaumont, M.D., Sur- geon to the U. S. Navy; reprinted with Notes by Andrew Combo, M.D., Lon., 1S38, p. Svo. '■ The profession owes Dr. Beaumont a debt of gratitude for his disinterested labours, which we are convinced they never can re- pay : and Dr. C. is entitled to their thanks for putting the work within Ibeir reach at so moderate a price." — Dublin Medical Press, April. 1S40. Dr. Beaumont's experiments were made upon Alexis St. Martin, whose extraordinary case is well known to the profession. See Beaiimo-nt, Wm.. M.D. See Life and Correspondence of Andrew Combe, M.D., by George Combe, Edin., 1850, Svo. Combe, Charles, M.D., 1743-1817, devoted much attention to the classics and to numismatics. He pub. an Index Nummorum, &Q. in 1773, 4to, and the Nummorum, ic. in Musa'O Gul. Hunter, in 1782, 4to. In conjunction with Rev. H. Homer, Horatii Opera, 1793, 2 vols. 4to. This was criticized by Dr. Parr in the British Critic. Combe pub. a Stnlcment relative to the review in 1793, Svo. Cat. of Prints ; rel. to the Hist, of Engraving, 1S03, Svo. Con. to Phil. Trans,, 1801; Med. Trans., 1813. Combe, Edward. Sermons, 1708, '17, '20. Combe, Edward. Sale of Dunkirk, 1728, Svo. Combe, George, 1788-1858, b. Edinburgh, practised as an attorney for twenty-iive years. Becoming a disciple of Gall an.l Spurzheim, he zealously advocated the science of Phrenology, both as a lecturer and writer of books. His works have had a most extensive sale. He was one of the founders of the Phrenological Journal, afterwards con- ducted by his relative. Mr. Cox. E.'says on Phren., 1819; 5th ed. .as A System of Phrenology, 1843, 2 vols. Svo, 1853. '■ A woik of hijrh excellence."— G/ Fm Press, Feb. 1S3I. Severely criticized in the Edinburgh Review. The Con- stitution of Man considered in relation to External Objects, 1S28 ; 8th ed., 1848, p. Svo. Of this work between 90.000 and 100,000 copies have been sold in Great Britain, and the sale has been large in the United States. It has been trans, into German, French, and Swedish. Lectures on Mor.al Philosophy. 3d ed., 1S46, p. Svo; On Phrenology, 1S47. p. Svo ; On Popular Education. 3d ed., 1848, p. Svo ; Elements of Phrenology, 7th ed., 1849, 12mo ; Notes on the United States of America, 1S3S-40, 3 vols. p. Svo. 1841. Remarks on the Principles of Criminal Legislation, &c., Lon.. 1854, Svo. Phrenology applied to Painting and Sculpture, Lou. and Edin., 1855, Svo. Science and Re- ligion, 1857, Svo. Combe, Taylor, 1774-1826. keeper of the Antiqui- ties and coins at the British Museum, was a son of Dr. Charles Combe, and educated at Oriel Ccdlege, Oxford. Ancient Terracottas in Brit. Museum, 1810, 4to; Ancient Marbles in ditto, part 1st, 1812, 4to; Veterum populorum et regum Nummi, ic, in ditto, 1S14, 4to. Con to ArchaeoL ISOO; '03. Comber, Thomas, D.D., 1644-1699, a native of Westcrbam, Kent; admitted of Sidney-Sussex College, Cambridge, 1659; Prebendary of Y'ork Cathedral, 1677; presented to the living of Thornton, 1678; Precentor of Y'ork, 1683; Dean of Durham, 1691. Among his works are the following: Roman Forgeries in Councils during the First Four Centuries, and forgeries in Baronius, Lon., 1673, Svo. Dr. James in his Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture. Ac. 1611, 4to, also discloses fraudulent altera- tions in the Councils. A Companion to the Temple and Closet, or a Help to Devotion in the use of the Common Prayer, part 1st, 1672; 2d, 1674; 3d, 1675, Svo; 1679, 3 vols. Svo: reprinted in two folios; 4th edit, of 1st fob, 1701; 2d fob, pub. 1702. New edit, without addits., Oxf , Cla- rendon Press. 1841. 7 vols. Svo. To this learned and com- prehensive writer, Wheatley and other writers stand largely indebted. '■Let him read Comber's Companion to the Temple, whicll I heartily wish might be put into the hands of every clergyman."— Dr. H. Owen's Address. '• It is an able and devotional work of considerable value." — BlCKERSTETH. The Plausible Arguments of a Romish Priest, Ac. an- swered, 16S6, Svo; 3d edit., with a Serm. of Comber's, COM CON Tork. ISOf), ]2nio. Comber's arguments against the R. Catholics arc on the list of books of the P. C. K. Society. Scholastical Hist, of Liturgies; 2 part.';, 1G90: in answer to Clarkson's Discourse against Liturgies, 10^9. Friendly Advice to the R. Catholics of England; a new ed., with Preface and Notes, by W. F. Hook, D.D., Vicar of Leeds, 8vo. Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by his great- grandson, Thomas Comber, 1799, Svo. Comber, Thomas, LL.D., d. 177S, grandson to the preceding, educated at Jesus College. Cambridge: Rector of Kirkby, Misperton, Yorkshire: sub.«equently of Mor- borne and Buckworth, Huntingdonshire. Vindication of the Revolution in England, 16S8, Lon., 175S, Svo. Hea- then Rejection of Christianity in the First Ages consi- dered. 1747, Svo. Real improvements in Agriculture, on the principles of A. Young, Esq., Ac; and a Letter on the Rickets in Sheep, 1771, Svo. Other publications, 1747-78. " He was a man of considerable parts and learning.'* Comber, Thomas, Rector of Oswald Kirk, Tork- ehire, and great-grandson of the Dean of Durham. Me- moir of the Life and Writings of Dean Comber, Lon., 1779, Svo. Serms., 1807, Svo. Uist. of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1810, Svo. Adultery Analyzed, 1810, Svo. A Scourge for Adulterers, Duellists, Gamesters, and Self- Murderers, anon., ISIO. Comber, W. T. An Inquiry into the state of National Subsistence, as connected with the Progress of Wealth and Population, &c., Lon., 1808, Svo. See MeCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. Comberbach, Roger. Reports of Cases in Court of K. B., from 1st of Jas. IL to lOtb of Wm. III., Lon., 1724, fol. Arranged and pub. after the author's death by his Bon, who remarks ; " Had the author prepared them for the press himself, they had appe.ired iu another dress." ■■The Cases cenerally are brietiy and carelessly reported, and unilbrmly have been treated with disregard." — Jlarvin's Leg.Bibl. Combes, A. New Metals. Nic. Jour., 1808. Conibrunc, Michael. Works on Brewing, 1759, '62, '68. Comeford, R. E. The Rhapsodist, &e., in an Epistle to Aristus, 1SI8, Svo. Comegys, Cornelius G., M.D., native of Delaware; Prof, of Institutes of Medicine in Miami Coll., Ohio. History of Medicine from its Origin to the 19lh Century, with an Appendi-^ containing a Pbilosojibical Review of Medicine to the Present Time. Translated from the French. Cincinnati. Svo, 1S56. Highly commended. Comerford, T. Hist, of Ireland for 3000 Years, Dnbl.. 17.54. 12mo. Comfort, J. W., M.D.. of Philadelphia. Practice of Medicine im Thomsonian Principles, adapted as well to the use of Families as to the Practitioner. Phila.. 185.'i, Svo. Comings, B. N., M.D. Class-Book of Physiology, N. York. ISj;',, 12mo. This vol. is taken from the Princi- ples of Physiology by .1. L. Comstock and Comings. Comings, Fowler. Serms., 1790, 2 vols. Svo. Conily, John, a native of Pennsylvania and member of the Society of Friends, is best known as the author of Comly's Speller, of which there have been several milliona printed. He also published a Grammar, Reader, andPrimer. Commius, John. Eug. Scholar's 1st Book, 1801. Compeon, John. Sermon, 1S04. Compton, Henry, 16.'!2-1713, youngest son of Spen- cer, second Earl of Northampton, was entered of Queen's College, O.xford, 1019; Canon of Christ Church, 1669; Bishop of O.xford, 1674; trans, to London, 1975. Episco- palia, or Letters to his Clergy, Lon., 1686, 12mo. Trans, from the French and Italian, 1667, '69. Letters to his Clergy, 1679, 'SO, 'S3, '84, '85. Letters to a Clergyman, 1688, 4to. A Charge, 1696, 4to. Ninth Conference with his Clergy, 1701, 4to. Letter concerning Allegiance, 1710, Svo. His Life, Svo. Comstock, Andrew, M.D., b. 179.7, N. Y.. Prof, of Elocution. Author of a Xew System of Phrjnetics; also Lecturer on Oratory. Elocution, 16th ed., 1854. Phonetic Speaker; Reader; Historia Sacra; Homer's Hiad; Pho- netic Testament, &c. Comstock, Franklin G. Digest of the Law of Executors ami Administrators, Guardian and Ward, and Dower, Hartford, 1832, Svo. Comstock, G. F. Reports of Cases argued and de- termined in the Court of Appeals of the State of N. York, Sept. lS47-April, 1851, Albany, 1849-60, 4 vols. Svo. Comstock, John Lee, M.D., b. in Conn., d. 185S, received only a common-school education, studied medi- 27 cine, and a few months after receiving hts diploma, was appointed assist.ant surgeon in the 25th Reg. of Infantry iu the U. S. .\ruiy, during the war of 1812. He served at Fort Trumbull, Conn., part of the time during the war, and a part on the northern frontier, where he had the sole charge of three bospititls, containing from 20 to 30 patients each. At tlic close of the war he practised medicine in Hartford, Conn., and .about the year 1830 became an au- thor by profession. An Introduction to Mineralogy, Svo, 1832. '■ This work was introduced into the Military Acad. W. Point." Natural History of Quadrupeds, 12mo, 1829. Natural History of Birds. System of N:itural Philosophy, 12mo, 1831. ■■This work has been translated info German. Greek, and several other I'oreiu'n l.iniiuaires. It has been edited in London, Edinburgh, and Canada : and is now in common use. More than 000,000 copies have already been sold." Introduction to Botany. Elements of Chemistry, 12mo. '■ Of Itie Elements '2,00,000 copies have been sold."' Elements of (ieology, including Fossil Botany and Palseontology. Y'outh's Book of Natural Philos., ISmo. Young Botanist. Y'oung Chemist. Common-School Philos. Youth's Book of Astronomy. Outlines of Physiology. Treatise on M;ithematical and Physical Geography. Read- ings in Zoology. Hist, of the Greek Revolution. Cabinet of Curiosities. Hist, of Precious Metals, &c. Comyn, R. B. Landlord and Tenant : 2d ed., by G. Chilton. Jr., Lon., 1S3U, Svo. The Law of Usury, 1817, Svo. Comyn, Samuel. Law of Contracts and Promises; 2d ed., Lon., 1824, Svo; 4th Amer. ed., N. Y., 1835, Svo. This was formerly the best English treatise upon contracts. It is now superseded. '■As a purely common-law work it is entitled to much praise." See Hoffman's Le:J:al Study. Comyns, Sir John, Lord Chief Baron of the Ex- chequer. Reports of Cases K. B., C. P., and Excheq. ; 2d ed., by S. Rose, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. Svo. '■ I am not aware that the volume has elicited any marked judi- cial commendation," — .l/ircm's L't/al Bibl. A Digest of the Laws of England, 1762-67, 5 vols, fol, ; 5th ed., with continuation by A. Hammond, Lon., 1822, 8 vols. Svo. 1st Amer., from the 5th Lon. ed.. with Amer. decisions, by Thomas Day, N. York and Phila., lS24r-26, 8 vols. Svo. " The first is fer superior to all the late editions. The modern editions have the addition of the modern cases, it is true, but they consist of the mart;in:il notes of the reporters, thrust iuto the text without order or propriety, aud destroy symmetry and connection." — JrnoE Storv. '■ Comyns's opinion alone is of ixreat authority." — Lord Ke.nvov. '■We cannot have a better authority than that learned writer.'' — CniEF Ji'sTicE Best, Cona-us, Georgius, amfU'cg Cone, a native of Scot- land. Pra^mctia;, sen Calurania; Hirlandorum indicatao, et Epos de Deipara Virgine, Bonon, 1621. Svo. ^■ita Ma- riK Stuartie Reginae Scotorum, Romse, 1624, Svo; Wirceb., 1624, 12mo. See Jebb Scrip., xvi. De duplici statu Re- ligionis apud Scotus, Rom., 162S, birge 4to. Assertionum Catholicanim, libri tres, Rom., 1621, '29, 4to. Conant, John. Sermon. 1643, sm. 4to. Conant, John, D.D.. 1608-1693, educated at Exeter College, Oxforil, of which he became Fellow and tutor; Prof. "of Divinity, 1654; Vice-Chancellor of the Universi- ty, 1657; Prebendary of Worcester, 1681. Serms., 1693- 1722, 6 vols. Svo. " These discourses are such as Vr. Con.ant usually composed ; plain and practical, and suited to the meanest capacity." — BlSBOV M'lI,T.t\MS, Conant, T. J., Prof, of Hebrew in Rochester Uni- versity, New York. Trans, of the Hebrew Grammar of Gesen'ius, 14th edit., as revised by Dr. E. Riidiger ; with the modifications of the edits, subsequent to the 11th, by Dr. Davies, of Stepney College, London ; with a Course of Exercises, and Hebrew Chrcstomathy by T. J. Conant. " The hest Hebrew Gramniar extant is the work of a German— Gesenius."— Xnn. Mrmlhly Clironicle, Pec, 1840. Professor Conant is now (1855) engaged upon a nei» version of the Book of Job. Mrs. Conant also has con- tributed to the literarv treasures of the country. Concanen,G. Trials, Rowe i'. Brenton. Lon., lS30,8vo. Concanen, Matthew, d. 1749, a native of Ireland, of considerable abilities, pub. 1724 a vol. of Miscellaneous Poems by himself and others, and edited The Speculatist, a Journal : The Flower Piece, a Miscellany, Ac. He is principally remembered by the celebrated letter of War- burton concerning him, and by his position in the Dun- ciad: his reward for .attacking Pope. In 1732 he w.a* appointed attorney-general of the Isle of Jamaica. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vols. v. and viii. Concanen, Matthew, Jun. Hist, and Antiq. of 417 CON" St. Saviour's Thurch, Southwark ; by M. C. and A. Mor- gan. Letter to Garrow, 1790, Svo. Distribution of Bank- rupts' Estates, 1801, Svo. C'oncanon, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Merl. Com., 179(1; Hist, of an Aneurism of the Aorta Descendens. Coiuler, (;. \y. Lectures to Working Men on Chris- tianily, L'.n., 1850, 12mo. Coiider, James. Tokens, Coins, and Medals.1799.8vo. Conder, John, D.D., 1714-1781, a Dissentinf^ minis- ter of London. Ministerial Character. Serms, 1755^ '5S, '59, '62, 'fiS. Couder, Josiah, 1789-1855. b. in London; son of a bookseller. "At an early age displayed a taste for lite- rature, and published snmo articles in The Atlienjeum, edited by Dr. Aikin. In 1810, in connexion with a few friends, he published a volume of poems, with the title of the Associate Minstrel. In 1814, being a publisher and bookseller in St. Paul's Churchyard, he purchased the Eclectic Review, of which he continued to be the editor until 1837, — though he retired from the bookselling business in 1819. Under his management the Eclectic Review re- ceived the assistance of many eminent men among the Non-Conformists, such as Robert Hnll, John Foster, Dr. Chalmers, Dr. Vaughan, and others." Protestant Non- conformity, 181S, 2 vols. Svo. Epist. to the Hebrews; a new trans., 18.34, Svo. Law of the Sabbath, 18;i0, Svo. Choir and the Oratory, 12mn. Hist, of Italy, 3 vols. ISmo. Diet, of Anc. and Mod. Geography, 12mo. Poet of the Sanctuary, 12mo. Star in the East. &c., 12mo. View of All Religions, Svo. Expos, of the Apocalypse, Svo. "The author diRplays extensive readinj;, diligent research, ana a thorough acquaintance with the subject." — Lrm. Christian Times. Analytical and Comparative View of all Religions, 1838, Svo. " It will become, as it deserves to become, a standard book in our literature." — Church of En/j. Quart. lieview. Modern Traveller: Description of the various Countries of the Globe, 33 vols. ISmo, v. y. " No work can be found in our languajre. or any other, equal to supply the place of Thi.> Modern Traveller."— i"/)". LH. Gazr:lU. " It deserves a place in the library of every inquiring person."— Blacktooo(rs Mag. " That useful work, The Modera Traveller, by Mr. Conder, who has broui^ht together so much interesting matter." — Lambert, tht Botanist. "An excellent publication, ably executed." — McCuUcch Lit.P.E. Literary Histoiy of the New Testament, Svo. 1845. " Contains a considerable amount of useful infurniation. brought together from various sources with discriminating judgment." — BlCKERSTETH. " I feel it a duty and pleasure to bear my glad testimony to the learning, in particular sacred and ectlesiastiual, the indefatigable diligence, the wide research, the candour and impartiality, and the sound judgment, which characterize this welcome addition to our natiimal literature." — Dr. J. Pte Smith. Condie, D. Francis, M.D., h. in Philadelphia, May 12, UUG; grad. as Doctor of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, March, 1S18. An abridged Edition, with Notes, of Thomas's Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1817. A Course of E.vaminatious for the Use of Medical Students, Phila.; 2d ed., 1824. The Catechism of lleallh. Phila., 1831. A Treatise on Epidemic Cholera: in coujunction with Dr. J/•. Ifo/,iu:s's liepnrt to the Jmrr. Mud. Aswaalion. "A veritable p;eili:itric encycIo}.a?dia. and au honour to Ameri- can medical literature." — 0/iin M'lir.i! .,,,,1 Sarqical Journal. "We feel pernuaded that tie Am. n. m medical prolessioo will Boon regard it not only a-s a v. i \ -■•.<.{ hut as the very best, Pr.ic- licat Treatise on the Diseases ol Children." —^?Hrr. M>;d. Journal. " Perhaps the most full and complete work now before the pro- fession of the United States,— indeed, we may say, in the English language. It is vastly superior to most of its" predecessors."— Transylvania Med. Journal. Dr. Condie has edited Dr. Fleetwood CHuncHiLL's(7. r.) works on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery and the Diseases of Women, and made contributions to American Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine and Surgery, Phila., 1834: contributions to Philadelphia Journal of the Medi- cal and Physical Sciences; North American Medical and Surgical Journal; Journal of Health. Phila.; American Journal of Medical Sciences: Transactions of the College of Physicians of Phila.; North American Medico-Chirur- gieal lleview. Couduitt, John, Master of the Mint Observations on 4L6 CON English Gold and Silver Coins, 1774; from Mr. C.'s MS., written in I 730. Cone. Scolding no Scholarship ; rel. to Dempster, 1669. Cone, or Caune, C-eorge. See Con^ci s. Coney, John. Beauties of Continental Architecture, Lon., 4to. Church Architecture of Yorkshire, edited by Giles, fol. Ancient Cathedrals in France, Holhintl, and Germany; 32 engravings, atlas fob, 1832 ; pub. at £11) 10*. "These are the largest and best pl.ntes Coney ever executed, and the only ones which exhibit his distinctive excellencies in this style of art." English Ecclesiastical Edifices of the Olden Time; 200 engravings, 2 vols. r. fol. ; pub. at £S S«. In these vols, are included the whole of the copperplates which illustrate the S vols, of the new edit, of Dugdale's Monasticon, pub. at £141 15s. " Our readers Tvill here find a rich mine of artistic wealth, in the most beautiful models of every age. during which the pointed, or ecclesiastical, stvle of .Trehitecture flourished in this country." — Dul'Jin Revieiv. 'Aug. 1839. Coney, Thomas, D.D., Prcb. of Wells. Serm., 1710, Svo; 25 ilo., 1730, Svo; 2 do., 1731, Svo; 2 vols., do., 1750, Svo. Sick Bed, 1747, 12mo. Congletun, Ut. Hon. Henry Brooke Parnell, Lord. See Pah.nell. Sih HiiNuv. Congreve, Charles W., Arehd. of Arm:igh. Serm., 174(1. Svo. Congreve, Thomas. Navigable Communication be- tween Trent and Severn, 1717. Congreve, William, 1(366-1729. an eminent drama- tist, was a native of Bardsa, near Leeds. His father, an officer in the army, stjitioned in Ireland, placed him nt school at Kilkenny, from whence he was removed to Tri- nity College, Dublin. Returning to England, he entered as a student at the Middle Temiile. Very early in life he pub. under the fictitious name of Cleoiihil, a novel, entitled Incognita, or Love and Duty Reconciled. In his 21st 3'^ear his play of The Old Bachelor — written some years before — was acted at Di'ury Lane, and proved eminently successful. Lord Halifax gave a substantial proof of his approbation, by rewarding the triumphant author with a conmiissioEcrship for the licensing of coaehee — a prelude to future favours. Di-yden commended the play as the best first effort in that line which be had ever witnessed. Mrs. Barry and Mrs. Bracegirdle, Mr. Betterton and Mr. Powel, whose personal attractions and artistic excellence bad been brought forward to such advantage by the new author, were of course delighted, the audience was equally charmed, and in short the town was taken by storm. What a com- mentary is this upon the morality of the generation of that day ! That a piece which could not with propriety be read aloud in the family circle should be hailed with applause by the thousands who crowded the theatre ! In 1694 Con- greve produced The Double Dealer, which was less success- ful than its predecessor. Dryden disgraced himself — no new thing for him — by most profane adulation of the author: *' Heaven, that but once was prodigal liefore. To Shakspeare gave as much, he could not give him more." Love for Lovo appeared in 1695, and The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy, two years later. He subsequently pro- duced the Comedy of The Way of the World, a Mastjue, entitled The Judgment of Paris, and Semele, an Ojiera. After suffering for years from bodily infirmity and blind- ness, this thorough man of the world was summoned to that account which none can escape. In 1710 he i)ub. a collection of his works in three vols. Svo ; dedicated to Lord Halifax. Between this and Baskerville's impression, 1761, 3 vols. Svo, there were many edits. The last edit, was pub. by.Mr. Moxon in 1S49. r. Svo, edited by Leigh Hunt. In our article upon Jeremy Collier, we have anti- cipated much respecting Congreve — bis controversy with Collier, the character of his plays, &c. — that we should otherwise have found a place for here. We have already intimated that the fact of the popularity of such produc- tions as the plays of Congreve, Wycherley, and Farquhar, is a suflicient index of the moral tone of the age. Perhaps no English author has been lauded more by his contem- poraries than William Congreve. We have already given an exhibition of the fulsome adulation of Dryden, the most distinguished literary man of his time. M'e may instance another: "Mr. Congreve has done me the fiivour to review the ^T!neis, and compare my versi^m with the origin.il. I shall never Imj ashamed to own that this excellent young man has shewed me many Ciults which I have endeavoured to correct." Pope honoured him by the dedication of the Hiad, and better men than Pope so far forgot the tribute due to vir- tue, as to join in the general applause which rewarded the champion of the most shocking descriptions of vice. AVe coif are not surprised, then, that Voltaire should declare that . „u„reve ■■ raised the glury „f Comely to a greater hciirht than any Enghsh wriler before or since his time." the "glory" of such men is "their shame." Mr. Leigh Hunt to the many mischievous tendencies of his pen, has added in his old age another offence to public decency and private morality, in his apology for, or rather vindication ot, the lieeut.ousness of Congreve's "genteel vulgarilv." Charity would fain hope that the unhappy author? before his departure from a world which his talents might have done so much to improve-alns 1 that they should have been busily employed in the effort to corrupt and debase ' —repented of his offences against God and man. For— to borrow the words of Lord Karnes— " If they did not rack their author with remorse in hi'■ ""^<"^ "f tis pmt noTthe"^"': uer of his diiiloRue. ... Of his miscellaneous pwtry I cannot sav Jiim when he leaves the stage, as Antaus w.as no lont-er stron- than when he could touch the -round If I were required to mrt-r Tl'^'n ""<'"' "T%"'r ^">''''-'' ^"'"'^ thrmoS'poe.ta Th?Mou,m'n^> Rri, "'/'■''n' ',™''J P''"'^^ ^ "» exclamation in ine .uouining Bride," ic— Dr. Joh.vson. iJJ"-' f.^^yg'','!' commendation refers to the conversa- tion in the Temple, act 2, scene 3. heartl,"snpsfjH''A' ".'i'-.fl'iisiteof their kind, and the excessive taken wSt^n '^"^^'"^i "'r'"" °f '^'^ 'Characters are not to be not D. ur^rL^h ^l™ '°u "■" "S'y '""■'"• 'i'^-'" '» something nith°r t"ee w '^ \"- *''™<''<"-s and wit; and we read him .Vnd Blen lemen^nd wh r'"'^ ^'?° """"' W-' superior fine ladies lik . b'^""?'"'^''' ""d '\hat a pack of sensu.nl busvhodics thev are and ;";ren.-'?17.^,cfe°"m'.'?." '"" ""^ '-" ^^^ "' '"- - -- The reader is referred to Mr. Thackeray's English Hu- gr-e/l^d Addi'r?' '"" ''^"■"^ ''™'-'^ «-«' Con- whL„ 1 to be that we should eat and drink and be menv toe con'",e"we''conTet"'t''"'r ^" """^ "- " d^-efwhcrti-: di^'h.j:,^s™.sn';^t'zr-^:;r;./;;::^.fZdT!:;^ h s'^ever hld''rrT'? r ""' ""' V'""^' benciact.rrs'tbat sSIw ab^Lrt^;n?e''n',i:n"'iL;S.;?rhJ'™n?^d"nar"'' ''"'''' "-' ' ^^ See also an weellent article by Mr. T. B. Macaulay, en- KeWew'Tanurr™T84f "' """ ^^^"'™''™' '" '^^ '^"i- Congreve, Lt.-Col. Sir William, I772-1S2S, a ini itary ciiginccr, the inventor of the " Congreve rocket," pub. an ilcmeutary TrcatLso on the Mounting of Naval Ordnance, Lon., IS 12, 4to. Details of the Rocket System, with General Instructions, oblong fob, £2 S«. Treatise on the Pointing of Naval Ordnance, Svo. A Short Account ot a New Principle of a Rotative Steam-Engine. Svo A Description of the Construction and Properties of the Hydro-Pneumatic Lock, 1815, 4to. A Treatise on the Genera^ Principles, Powers, and Facility of Application 01 the Congreve Rocket System as compared with ArtUlery, with plates, 4to. ■" Colliers, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '77, '78 ■ of a Uygroscope, a Trumpet, a Pump. 17Q8"?'"f'",o*'' *'■'•'•'• Attorney's New Pocket Book, ll98, 2 vols. 12ino. 'OS^'"""'^''"™' •'^'"^^- 1- Medals. 2. Sorms., 1704, Coiiinssby, George, D.D. Serras.. 172.3, '33 '42 Coiinigsby, Robert. Q. Fabularum, ic, 1693, Svo. rnnlLT!!^'' n?u*""'"'-'^''-'""'"*"™'T'-eatise,1647,ic. in^?he If ''' 7';?""''^' '^'"•1 "«■• Collee. cone;™- ing the Man.,r of Marden, in Hereford, 1722-27 See Lowndes^s Bib. Man., and Duncumb's Hereford. ' fl,» c" , "''u^lf'''^''- Admiralty Jurisdiction, &c. of the Courts m the United States, 2 vols. Svo, 1848 Trea tise on the Organization and Jurisdiction of the Supreme ''Z' ""n^ ?■>''■• ct Courts of the U. S., 2d ed., 1842, Svo supplies a want hitherto extensively felt in the prolession Md 1 z:°:j-°^iz'ii„v^ ""^^"^ ' '^'^^ *''^'"'-> - ""-""' Prfnrs"ofw!!!e's': n^ts.^o""^'^^ "' ^"S" ^™- ^^^ V™' „lp."""'^"' '^■"•''U"'- Election Laws in Scotland, Edin,, Sroiland;i84t Svo. ''"''''' "' '^^ ""^""""^^ "' ^''^ "' CON T? .^"","o^l''o^" ■'"^"- '^•■'"' "f f^'^otland rel. to Parishes, Edin., ISIS, Svo. Supplement, 1S23, Svo " Connell on the Law of Parishes, pubjish.-d a few years after Burns. ,s confined to topi.vs of a nature purely ec-icsi.SM ll s rather a continuation and fit concomitant of his valuable Tie.a- -l" Ed rl^'-m"" "" ""P"""'"" °' "^" '""' K-Sarding the poor." Treatise on the Law of Scotland respect. Tithes and the btipendsof theP.arochialClergy,1815,8vo; 2ded.,lS30 Svo It IS unnecessary to enter into any details coucerning a'book Which no lawyer oi- clergyman will go without " Couiiell, Richard. His Case, fol. Connelly and Higgins's New Dictionary of the Spanish and Engli.sh, and English and Spanish Langua-es, 4 vols. 4to, Madrid, 1797, '98. = o > "The best and m..st complete Spanish and English Dictionary, comprising al the Idioms. Proverl.s. Marine Terms, MetaphoriS Expressions, ir. in Inilh L.-ingna-cs." F""'".*" Connor, Bernard, 1066-1698, M.D., a native of Kerry was physician to John Sobieski, King of Poland and subsequently a pr.actitioner in London. Dlssertationes Medico-Physicis, &c., Oxf., 1095, Svo. Compendious Plan of the Body of Physic, O.ion., 1697, Svo. De Secrctione Animah, Lon., 1697, Svo. He pub. several other profess works and one which created much attention— Evange- lium Medici, Ac, Lon., 1697, Svo. l.'lh^'W^ a singular produotioa, in which the author endeavours to show that the mua.-ulons cures performed hy on,- Lord and his BiS Bib'"''^ accounted for on natural piinciples."-ORME : Conny, Robert, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1098: a Shower ol Fishes in Kent. Conoid, Robert. Serm. and Letters, 1675 '77 Conolly, Lt. Arthnr. Overland Journey to the iNorth ol India from England, Ac, Lon., IS34, 2 vols Svo —Lon^A']'^^ =<""Paiiou to the labours of Elphinstoue and Fikser."" -A better guide we could scareely desire."— £„„. Mhnimum.. We strongly recommend this hook, as containing much amuse- ment and inl"rm.ation."—i>„. iJ„artfWv /fre. "'."amuse- Conolly, John, M.D. Study and Practice of Medi- cine, Lon , 1831, 12mo. An Inquiry concerning the Indi- cations of Ins.anity, Svo, 1830. "^.I" "^ '""rv™"!' ""? '""^ satisfactory works on the philosophy, or rather on the physiology, of the human undcrstauding. which have been hitherto produced."— Jfed. a„d Surg. Journal, isSO Ihe Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane, 1847. Svo. The Treatment of the Insane without Mechanical Restraint.s, 1856, demy Svo. "^ Conolly, Joseph. Telegraph Co., Lon., ISOS, Svo. Conolly, L. A. The Friar's Tale, 1S05, 2 vols. Conover, J. F. Digestive index of all the reported decisions in Law and Eipiity of the Supreme Courts of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, Phila., 1834, Svo. Couoway, Jane. Petition to Ministers, Ac, 1649. Conrad, Judge Robert T., 1S0S-1S5S, a native of Philadelphia, long occupied a prominent place as one of the most eloquent orators and successful dramatic writers of the United States. Judge Conrad's dramatic pieces Conrad of Naples, and Aylmere, or The Bondman of Kent — »Tince the possession of poetical powers of no ordinary cast. The latter, together with a number of minor poems, was published in 1S52, Phila., 12nio. Among the most striking of the smaller pieces in this volume may be noticed the Sininets on the Lord's Prayer, aud Lines on a Blind Boy Soliciting Charity by Playing on his Flute. Judge Conrad's prose compositions possess merits not inferior to those which charm the readers of his poetry. '• As a citizen, a lawyer, and a judge, .Mr. Conr.ad obtained a widely extended and highly-merited reputation. He was a bril- liant orator, sparkling in diction, classical iu allu,?ion, poetical in imagery, clear in narrative, rhetorical iu style, genial io humanizing thought, and eloquent in all. As a speaker, whatever subject he touched he undoubtedly adorned. On whatever platform he stood, -^wliether on the arena of commerce, the forum of justice, the ex- citing scene of politics, or the broad foundatiuu of that humanity which emanates from the Creator.— Mr. Conrad was invariably a successful and mostly a convincing speaker. It is as a man of letters, however, that Mr. Connid will probably bust be known in future years. He did not write much ; but he wrote well."— Da. R. Shelton Mackenzte. Conrad, Timothy Abbott, born 1803, in N. Jersey. A distinguished naturalist. Fossil shells of the Tertiary formations of the United States, 1S32. New Fresh-water shells of the U. S., 1»34. Monogr.aphy of the Urioiiidae of the U. S., 1836. Miocene shells of the U. S., 1838. Papers describing new fresh-water shells and fossils of the U. S. in Silliman's Journal. Pateontology of Palestine expedition under command of Lieut. Lynch, in Jour. Aca. Nat. Sei. Phil. Paleontology in New York State Ann. Rep., 1838-40. Geological Report in 1837, as one of the State Geologists of N. York. Palieontology of the Pacific 413 CON COO Kail Koad Survey in California, lS5i. Palaeontology of the Mexican EuunJary Survey, conducted by JMujur Kuiory, 1S64. Conroy, John. Custodian Reports, Dubl., 1795, 8vo. Couset, Ileury. The Practice of Spiritual or Ec- clesiaytical Courts, Lon., 16>i5, 1700, 'OS, Svo. Consett, Matthew. Tmr thnuigh Sweden, Swedish Lapland, Finland, and Denmark, Lon., 17S9, 4to; 1815, 12mo. "A hasty tour, containing, however, many amusing observa- tions, anecdotes, and little dcsciiptive sketches." — Lowndes. Consett, Thomas. Church of Russia, &c., Lon., 172i», 2 vols. Svo. Const, Francis. Laws relating to the Poor, 6th ed. by J. T. Pratt, Lon., 1S27, 2 vols. Svo. " A valuable acquisition to ]iractitioners in this branch of the law." — LowNOKs. Constable, C. S. Catholic Emancipation, 1808, Svo. Constable, F. Pathoraachia, or The Battle of Afiet'lions; a Drama, 1630, 4to. Constable, Henry, a poet, was educated at Oxford, but took his bachelor's degree at St. John's College, Cam- bridge, in 1579. Diana, or the excellent conceitful sonnets of H. C., &c., Lon,, 1584, Svo. Reprinted for the members of the Roxburgbe Club, by E. Liftledale, Esq., 1818, Svo. Spiritual Sonnettes : see Hcliconia, vol. ii. Sonnets: see Harleian Miscellany, vol. ix. '■ Noble lleury Constable was a great master of the English tongue; nor had any gentleman of our nation a moi'e pure, quick, or higher delivery of conceit: witness, amon? all others, that sou- net of his before his Majesty's Lepanto." — Edmund BoWai's Hy- percritica. " He was highly praised by Bolton, Ben Jonson. and others, and Mr. Warton mentions him as a ' noted sonnet writer;' yet the I'ol- lowHig, though as notable sonnets as his Diana coulj furnish, can hardly entitle him to be denominated * the first sonnetteer of his time.'" — Ellis''s Specimens: and see Malone's Sbakspeare, x. 74; Todd's Milton, and Warton's Eng. Poetry. Constable, John, was educated at Byham Hall, op- posite Mertou College, Oxford, where in 1515 he took the degree of M.A., and obtained great reputation as a poet and rhetorician. Querela Veritatis. Epigrammata: both in Latin, 1520. Constable, John. Reflections on Accuracy of Style, Lon., 1734, Svo. A mo.st important theme. Coustancio, F. S.,M.D. An Appeal, Edin., 1797, Svo. Constantine, William. Interest of England, 1642, 4to ; on Unity of the Protestant Religion. Convenant, J. ilistoire des Dcrnieres R^volutiona dans la Princepaiit6 d'Orauge, Lon., 1704. Conway. The Depopulated Valej a Poem, Lon., 1774, 4to. Conway, Lord Viscount. Proceedings of the Eng- lish Army in Ulster, Lon., 1642. 4to. Conway, H. D. Tales of Ardennes, Lon., Svo. '* The language of these Tales is gniceful. aud many of the de- gcriptions are poetical." — Lim. Liferan/ Guzelte. Conway, General Henry Seymour, 1720-1705, Secretary of State from 1705 to 170S. Speech in II. of Commons, Lon., 1780, Svo. Who can ever forget Conway, that remembers the speeches of Edmund Burke? False Appearances, a Comedy; altered from the French, f^S'J, Svo. Conway Papers, 5 vols. Svo. '■■ Think what I have in part recovered! Only the state papers, private papers, Ac. &c. of the Lords Conway. Secretaries of State. . . . They seem to have laid up every scrap of jiaper they ever had, from the middle of Queen Klizabeth's reign to tbt- middle of Charles the Si'cnud's. . . . Will here not be food for the press r'—i/onece Walpnie in Gcnrqe M-miagut. Sec Walpole's Letters to General Conway. Conway, Sir John. Godly Meditations and Praiers gathered out of the Sacred Letters and Vertuous Writers, Lon.. Svo. Conway, William. An Exortation to Charitie, very neodefull at this Tymc, for echo Man and Woman to em- brace, Lon., s. a. 16mo. Couybeare, John, D.D., 1692-1755. admitted a bat- tler of Exeter College, 1708; Fellow. 1710; Rector of St. Clement's, Oxford. 1724; Rector of Exeter College, 17.S0 ; Dean of Christ Church, 1732; Bishop of Bristol, 1750. Serm. on Miracles, 1722, Svo, Highly esteemed. Sermon, 1724, Svo, Subscription to Articles of Religion, a Serm., 1726, Svo. Very celebrated. Defence of Revealed Reli- gion, in answer to Tindal's Christianity as Old as the Crea- tion, 1732, Svo. An admirable confutation. Three edits, in a year. " One of the best-reasoned books in the world."— Bis noP War- BURTON. Other serms. After the bishop's death a collection of his sermons was pub. for tlie licnefit of his family, in 2 Vols. Svo, 1757, on a subscription list of 4600 copies. " His sermons abound with just and solid reflections, useful ol> serralions on the conduct of human life, and clear reasouin.'js on a variety of important subjects." — Lon. Mimlhhj l^evitw. Some of Bishop Conybeare's sermons will be found in Bishnp Randolph's Enchiridinn Theologicnm. Conybeare, John Josias, 1779-1824, entered of Christ Church. Oxford. 1797; elected to the Anglo-Saxon Professorship, 1807; Profe.ssorof Poetry, 1812. TheBamp- ton Lectures for 1821; on the interpretation of Scripture, Oxf., 1824, Svo. 'This work contains much valuable information." — Bickersteth. Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, edited by W. D. Co- nybeare, 1826, Svo. This worli has done much to promote the study of Anglo-Saxon literature. Large portions of the Song of the Traveller and Beowulf will be found in tlio volume. Mr. Conybeare was a contributor to the British Bibliogriiphcr. Conybeare, Very Rev. William Daniel, Dean of Llandati", 17S7-1857, was born at his father's rectory, St. Bntolph's, Bishopsgate; entered Christ Church Coll., Oxford, 1S05; took the degree of B.A., 1808, and M.A. in 1811. "Ho was one of the earliest promoters of the Geo- logical Society; and the important services he has rendered to geological science may be seen in his numerous papers printed in the Society's Trans." Theological Lectures, in 3 parts. Lon., lS34;"2d ed., 1836. Svo. " His theological lectures are beyond all praise." "Much valuable and erudite information, conveyed in a popular form- on the character of the Semitic dialects in general, wdl by found in the essay appended." — Lowndes. Bampton Lectures for 1839: On the Fathers during the Ante-Niceno Period, Oxford, 1S39, Svo. Outlines of the Geology of England and Wales, by W. D. C. and William Phillips, 1822: Parti: all printed. Geological Memoir of the Laudslij) in Devon, fob, 1840. Conybeare, W.J,, son of the preceding, d. 1857; lato Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Principal of the Collegiate Institution, Liverpool. Serms. preached in the Chapel Royal at Whitehall, Lon., 1844, Svo. The Life and Epistles of St. Paul, Lon., 1850-52, 2 vols. 4to. (Amer. ed.. N.Y., 1854. 2 vols. Svo.) by W. J. G. and Rev. J. S. Howson; the trans, of the Epistles and Speeches of St. Paul by W. J. C. the narrative, archaeological, and gco- grajihieal portions by the latter. This is one of the most important contributions to theological literature since tho Reformation. *-The purpose of this work is to give a living picture of St. Paul himself, and of the circumstances by which he was surrounded. The biography of tho apostle must be compiled from two sources: 1st. his own letters; and 2dly, the narrative in the Acts of the Apostles." "A valuable help towards understanding the New Testament. Tlie Greek and Latin quotations are almost entirely conllned to the notes: any unlearned reader may study the text with ease auil j>rofii:'~N. Brit. Re.v., Feb. 1854. " It is our sober conviction that, as a guide to the true knowledjrn of Paul's life and writings, it is worth any halfdozen commenta- ries we have met with." — Rev. Dr. Sprague, of Albany. Essays, Ecclesiastical and Social, Svo. Perversion, Svo. Conyer.s, James. Serm., Lon., 1635. Conyers, Richard. Med. Essays and Serm., I729-G4. Conyers, Tobias, Serm., 16.^9, 4to. Coode, G. Remarks on Legislative Expression, or the Language of the Written Law, Lon., 1845, Svo: 2d ed., 1852. " To statesmen, capable of clo.se thought, and to well-educated lawyei's, this extremely able tieafise will boof mneh value, if they choose to profit by it; to the herd of ordinary draftsmen it will lio utterly unintelligible. Its object is to teach these persons the ru- diments of the art of expressing laws." — 2 N. S. Law Hhig., 413. Cook. The Eng. Sch<...UJIiistcr, Lon., 1650, 4to. Cook, Anrelian. Tilus Brilunnicus, 16S5, Svo. Cook,Ebenezer. The Sal Weed Factor; or, A Voy- age to Maryland; a Satire, Lun., 4 to. Cook, Edward. Duello Foiled. See Hearne's Col- lection, ii. 223. Cook, Eliza, b. 1817, the daughter of a tradesman in the borough of Southwark, near London, gained consider- able reputation when in her 20th year, as a poetical con- tributor to some of the higher class of London periodicitla — The New Mnnthly Magazine, The Metropolitan, Tlio Literary Gazette, / Knox. Hist, of the Church of Scotland, Lon., 1815. 3 vols. 8vo. See Edin. Review, xxvii. 163. Reality of Christ's Kesur- rectjou. 1808, 8vo. '• A Well-written and valuable book." — Bntish Critic. Substance of a Speech in the G. Assembly, 1816, Svo. Cook, J, Address to the Public on the Prevention of Crime, 1793, 8vo. Cook, Captain James, a celebrated circumnaviga- tor, b. in Yorkshire, 1728, killed in a quarrel with the na- tives at Owhyhee, one of the Sandwicli Iwlands, iu 1799. Of Cook's First Voyage, 1768-71, an account will be found in Dr. Hawkesworth's collection, including voyages of By- ron, Wallis, Carteret, and Cook, pub. Lon., 1773, 3 vols. 4to. Captain Cook's account of his Second Voyage, 1772-75, was pub, in 2 vols. 4to, Lon., 1777. His Account of his Third Voyage, 1776-79, with its conclusion by Captain King, 1 779, '80, was pub. in 3 vols. 4to, Lou., 1784, '85. Ac- count of the Three Voyages, pub. iu 7 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1821, and in 2 vols. 8vo, 1842. See Dibdin's Lil)rary Companion ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; and read Dr. Kippis's Life of Cook iu Biog. Brit. "The spirit, disinterestedness, penetration, physical and intel- lectual energies of Captain James Cook, titted Lim in an especial manner for the various and extraordinary discoveries which he so successfully accomplished, and to which, alas! he fell a vi<-lim and a sacrifice. Never were such labours closed by such a tragical ca- tastrophe; and if the eulogies of the good and the wise of all coun- tries be grateful to depart+^d spirits, surely there is no spirit which can be soothed with purerattestations of worth, and higher acknow- ledgments of excellence, than that of this unparalleled and most unfortunate commander." — Dibdiii''s Lib. Camp. The eight 4to vols, referred to above, fthe Admiralty edit.,) comprehending accounts of Cook's inrce voyages, are richly ornamented with plates by Bartolozzi, Basire, Pouncey, Lerpiniere, and other eminent engravers. " This noble set of books is the tittest monument raised to Eng- land's greatest navigator. All the literary and artistic resources of the age were employed in it, and there is no greater ornament to a public or private library." Cook, John. Redintegratio Amoris. Lon., 1647, 4to. Passage from Sea from Wexford to Kinsale, 1650, 4to. Monarchy no Creature of God's Making, wherein is proved thai the Execution of the Late King was one uf the Fattest Sacrilices that ever Queen Justice had, Waterf., 1652, Svo; new ed., 1794, Svo. Other treatises. Cook, or Cooke, John. Green's Tu Quoque : or the Cittie Gallant; a Play of much humour, Lon., 1614, 4to. He also wrote ^>0 Epigrams. Cook, John. Serm., Lou.. 1675, 4to. Cook, John, D.D., Prof, of Divinity at St. Andrews. In.|niry into the Books of the New Testament, Edin., 1821, " He treats of the elements of theology, of the interpretation, the authenticity, the integrity of the text, the purpose nnd style, and the divinity of the revelation of the New Testament. On all these subjects the work deserves to be consulted." — On me : BibJ. Bib. " Amasterlv treatise on Sacred Criticism." — T. If. Home' n hi f mi/. On a similar plan with the lectures of Bishop Marsh. See Lon. Eclectic Review, N. S., xviii. 310. Cook, John, D.D., of Hadrlington. Styles of Writs and Forms of Procedure in the Church Court^* of Scotland, revised and ada])ted to the Present State of the Law of the Church, Edin., 1850, Svo. '• A work which ouL'lit to be on the table of every Presbyter, and iu the Library of every parish minister." — £din. Advertiser. coo Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, from IS4;i to 1S60, inclusive, imp. Svo, "Tbi'sn Acts contain a great mass of liti-ation, generally of a sound practical character, a iinowlcdgo of wliicli is aljsoluUJIy in- diypcnsjilile to every member of our Church Courts."' — tdhi. Adrcr. Cook, John, M.D. Philosophy Unveiled, 172.1, .Svo. Cook, John, M.D. Voyages and Travels tlin.uKli the Russian Empire, Tartary, itc, Edin., 1770, 2 vols. Svo. Cook, M. Waste in Dross, Lon., 1787, Svo. took, Moses. Raising, Ac. Forest and Fruit Trees, *tc., ltJ7()-7y, &c. Cook, S. Answer to Lord .ShufEcld on the Navin-ation System, ISOt. Cook, Captain S. E. Sketches in Spain during tba years lS29-:i2, Lon., 18.14, 2 vols. Svo. ■' Full of cuiious iuformation, aud anecdotes not to be met with elsewlicre."' Cook, Thomas. Industry ami Idleness; forming a part of a new edit, of the Works of Hogarth, 1796. Cook, W. H., M.D., b. 18.12, in New York City; Prof, of Tlierapeutics, itc, in the Pliysio-Medieal Coll., Ohio. Treatise on the Dysentery, 1855. Principles and Practice of Physio-Medical Surgery, Cincinnati, 1857, Svo. Cook, William. Warmin,n;liy Pipes ; Phil. Trans., 1745. Cooke, of the Inner Temple. Chronica Juridicalia, Lon., Ui85, Svo. Argumeiitum Anti-Normanicum, 1082, Svo. See this answered in Brady's Introd. to Old Eng. Hist. Cooke. Remark. Declarations and Speeches, 1H81, fol. Cooke. Trans, of Histoire de I'Editde Nantes, 161l4,4to. Cooke, Alexander. Pope .l(}nne ; proving that a woman called .Joan was Pope of Rtnne, Lon., 1010, 4to ; with addits., 1625. See Harleian Miscellany, vol. iv. In French, Sedan, 1633, 8vo. Worke, more Worke, and a little more Worke for a Masse-Priest, Lon., 1628; best edit.. 1630, 4to. The Weather Cocke of Rome's Religion, 1625, 4to. The Abatement of Popish Braggs, pretending Scrip- ture to be theirs, 1625, 4to. '' Cooke was a person most .admirably well read in the controver- sies between the protestants and the papists, vers'd in the lathers and schoolmen, a great Calvitiist. yet witty and ingenious, and a satyrical enemy in his writings against the llomanists." — Antuokt "Woot^. Cooke, Anne. See Bacon, Lady Anne. Cooke, Uenjamin. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1738, '45, '47; Nat. Philos., llorticnUure, &c. Cooke, Uenjamin, d. 1793, a composer of mnsio. Cooke, Benjamin, Con. to Nic. Jour., 1809, '10, *11, '12; Nat. Philos. and Domestic Economy. Cooke, Sir Charles, Commerce of G. B. and Ireland. Cooke, E. Prospective Glass of War, 1628. Cooke, E. W. Shipping and Craft, Lon., 1829, r. 4to ; 65 etchings. '•Tlicse illustrative etchings are of a very surprising character. They are executed in a bold and niasterl.v style, wliich, coupled with the fidelity of the design, shows uncommon power."' — Lnn. Times. Cooke, Edward. A .just and seasonable Reprehen- sion of Naked Breasts and Shoulders ; with a preface by Richard Baxter, Lfs, Cooper, Anthony Ashley, first Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621-1683, a distinguished politician, educated at Exeter Cnllege, O.\ford, the son of Sir John Conper. Baronet, exer- cised a commanding influence upnii the events of his time. Ilis intellectual character was much admired by John Lcicke, who is supposed to have been indebted for the groundwork of his celebrated essay on Toleration to an outline drawn u]> by his lordship. A list of Speeches, Ac, by this distinguished nobleman will be found in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. " He canted tyranny under Cromwell, practised it under Charles the Second, and dis^;;raced the cause of liberty by being the busiest instrument for it, when every other party had rejected him." — IlORACK Walpole. '■ For close desir^ns and crnokpd counsels fit, t^;i^';ir-ious, bnid, and turl'ulent of wit: j;.'st!i.-ss. untised iu prioiiples and place; In puw'r unpleas'd. impatit-nt of disgrace.'* Drydim's Absalom and Achitophd. But after this satire was published, his lordship nominated Dryden's son to a scholarship iu the Charter House, where- upon the poet thus made the amende honm-able for his savage assault. He tells us of Lord Chancellor Shaftes- bury : "In Israel's court ne'er sat an Abethdin ■\Vith more discerning eyes, or hands more clean: Unbrib'd, unsought, thu wretched to redress, Swift of despatch, and easy of access.'' "Charles the Sewnd said to him one day, 'Shaftesbury. T believe thou art the wickedest fellow in my dominions.' Ue bowed, and replied, * Of a subject, sir, I believe I am.' " '■ The celebrated Shaftesbury : of powers as universal as his am- bition was unbounded; the idol of the rabble at Wapping; the wit and man nf fashion among the fourticrsat Whitehall, and a states- man in the House of Lords; whom the King, after listening to him in a d.'bate. pronnunred tit to teach his liisliops divinity, and hia jiulgi-s ];i\v; a niiiiister, a patriot, a chancellor. and a demagogue; in whatever direction he moved, the man on whom all eyes were to be turned; to whom nothing was wanting but virtue." — ProJ", Siuf/f/i's Led. on MimI. Hist. A Life of the Earl, by G. Wixgrote Cooke (7. r.) was pub. in 1836. See Biog. Brit. ; Burnet's Own Times ; Athan. Oxon. Cooper,Anthony Ashley, third Earl of Shaftesbury, 1671-171;^. grandson of the above, bad his early studies in part directed by John Locke, and was instructed in Latin and Greek by a lady of tbe name of Birch, who spoke these languages with ease and fluency. Under her care he be- came no contemptible scholar when only 11 or 12 years of age. at which time he was placed at Winchester School. After travelling on the Continent, he entered Parliament, and his remarkable ^^pohxjy for a ajieech on High Treason is still celebrated. In 1711 be again visited the Continent, and died at Naples, Feb. 4, \~\?>. His Letter concerning Enthusiasm appeared in 1708. The Moralist, a Philoso- phical Rhapsody, 1709. Sensus Communis, 1710. This is '*a recital of certain conversations on natural and moral subjects." Soliloquy, or Advice to an Author, 1710. Let- ters written by a Noble Lorecnliarilies nf the author; the method is perlect, the reasoning just, the style precise and clear." — Prelini. Dissert, to Enci/c. Brit. Blair takes him to task for want of simplicity and ease: " Ilis lordship can express nothing with simplicity. He seems to have considered it as vulgar, and beneath the dignity of a man of quality to speak like otlier men. Hence he is ever in buskins; full of circumlocutions and artifii-ial elegance. In every sentence we see tbe marks of labour and ai-t: nothing of that ease which expresses a sentiment coming natural and warm from the heart. Of figures nod ornament of every kind he is exceedingly fond. — sometimes happ\ in them; but his fondness for them is too visible; and having once laid hold of some metaphor or allusion that pleases him. he knows not how to part with it." — Lectures on Rhetoric and Bellf-i-Lrllres. His great admirer, Horace Walpole, cannot brook hia oratorical flourishes : "His writings are much more estimable for the virtues of his mind than for their stylo and manner. Ue delivers hl= doctrinea 42i coo In ecstafic dilution, like one of the Ma^i inculcating philosophic visions to an Etstern auditory." — R. and N. Autlmrs. Bishop Warburton is for a time uncommonly gracious, though afterwards not so courteous : " Tb8 nolile authnr of the Cbaracterislics had many excellent qualities, both as a man and a writer. lie was tempenite, chaste, honest, and a lover of his country. In his writings he has shown how much he has inihibed the deep sense, and how peneially he could copy the pracious manner, of Plato." — D^d. to The Free Thitikf rs. pvffiieil to t'le Diviite Li/jatiOJi. Cooper, Anthony Ashley, fourth Earl of Shaftes- bury, only son of the iirei-eiling, wrote a life of his father for the (jeneral Biog. Dictionary; see vol. i.'i. 179, 17.39. He seems to have been a much wiser man than his father, for we are tohl that " Tliere never existed a man of more benevolence, mor.al worth, and true piety." — Bishop IIoxTiNi^Foan. We must say that we prefer his Characteristics to his father's. Maurice Ashley t'on])er, brother to the third Earl, added to the literary honours of the family by a trans, of Xenopbon's Cvropedia. Cooper, Sir Astlcy Paston, Bart, 1768-1841, son of the Kev. Dr. Cooper, Rector of Yelvcrton and Morley, Norfolk, studied surgery under his uncle, William Cooper, surgeon to Guy's Hospital, and the celebrated Mr. Cline. The latter assigned him a sh.ire in his anatomical lectures, and Mr. Cooper's class rapidly increased from 60 to 400 students, the largest class ever known in London, In 1792 he visited Paris, and attended the lectures of Desault at the Hotel Dieu, and those of Chopart. Returning to Lon- don, he resided alternately in Jeffrey-Square, New Broad- Street, and New-Street, Spring Gardens. His practice was very large, and in 1822 he realized the largest sum ever re- ceived by a medical practitioner — £22,000. For some years his receipts averaged £18,000 to £20,000. He was made a biironct at the coronation of George IV., in 1821. The Anatomy and .'Surgical Treatment of Inguinal and Conge- nital Hernia, Lon., 1804, fol. Crural and Umbilical Her- nia, 1807, fol. Con. to Phil Trans., 1800: to Med. Chir. Trans., 1809, '11, '13. Surgical Essays, by Sir A. P. C. and B. Travers. P.irt 1, 1S18. Principles and Practice of Surgery, ed. by F. Tyrrell. 1824, '2.^ '27, 3 vols. 8vo; ed. by Dr. Alex. Lee, Lon., 1836-41. .3 vols. Svo. The Anato- my and Diseases of the Breast, 1840, 4to. The Testis and the Thymus Gland ; 2d ed., ed. by Bransby B. Cooper, 1841, r. 4to. Dislocations and Fractures of the Joints; ed. by B. B Cooper, 1842, Svo. Amcr. edit., with addit. ob.serva- tions by Prof. J. C. Warren, Phila., Svo. Sir Astley left addits. in MS. for tliis new edition. Anatomy and Surgi- cal Treatment of Hernia; new edit., Lon., 1S44, imp. Svo. The original edit, is entirely out of print. Life of Sir Astley P. Cooper, Bart., interspersed with sketches of dis- tinguished characters, by [his nephew] B. B. Cooper, 1843, 2 vols. Svo. " Sir Astley was principally distinguished as a hold operator, a decided practitioner, and asa most industrious and popular teacher. Perhaps no man ever taught any branch of medicine who possessed more of this element of ^reat succe.ss. His manners were of the most enu.aginjj; kind, white his attention, urbanity, and regard for his pupils, were of the most exemplary character.'*— Kobeut Dun- D.\s Thomson, M.D. Although a bold operator, as Dr. Thomson remarks, Sir Astley seems to have been a very graceful cue. Mr. Petti- grew tells us : "The li^ht and elefrant manner in which Sir. Astley employed his various instruments always astonished nie. and I could not refrain from making some remarlis upon it to my late m.aster, Jlr. Chandler, one of the surireons to St. Thomas's Hospital. I ob- served to him that Sir Astley'soperationsappeared like the grace- ful efforts of an artist in making a drawing. Mr. C. replied. ' Sir, it is of no consefjuence what instrument Mr. Cooper uses ; they are all alike to him: and 1 verily believe, he could operate as easily with an oyster-knife, as the best bit of cutlery in Laundy's shop.' " On one occasion Sir .Astley had a patient from the West Indies named Hyiitt, who was a rather eccentric character, as the following anecdote testities. After a skilful operation by the surgeon, ho desired to know the amount of his debt. "•Two hundred guineas,' replied Astley. 'Pooh, pooh!' ex- claimed the old gentleman, • I shan't give you two hundred gui- neas; — there — that is what I shall give you,' tossing off his night- - cap, and throwing it to Sir Astley. 'Thank you, sir,' said Sir A., 'any thing from you is acceptable.' and he put the cap into his pocket. Upon exanunation it was fouud to contain a cheque for a thousand guineas." We doubt not that the respected professors of the heal- ing art would all be quite willing to prescribe "AVest In- dia Night-Caps" to their patients. Cooper, Ifransby IJ., Senior surgeon to Guy's Hos- pitJil, »te., nephew to the jjreeeding. Lectures on Anato- my, Lon., 1835, 4 vols. r. Svo. Treatise on Ligaments, 4th ed., 1836, 4to. Lectures on Osteology, 1844, Svo. m coo Surgical Essays, 184.3, r. 8vo. Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Surgery, 1801, r. Svo. '- For twentv-tive years Mr. Bransby Ctoper has been surgeon to Guy's Hospital; and the volume befure us may be .-aid to consist of an account of the results of his surgical experience during that lon" period. We cordially recommend Mr. Bransby Croper's Lec- tures as a most valuable addition to our surgical literature, and one which cannot tail '.o be of service both to students and to those who are actively eng.aged iu the practice of their profession." — Lon. Lancet. Mr. B. B. Cooper has also edited some of his uncle's works, and favoured the public with an account of his life Cooper, C. Grammatica Lingua) Anglicaua;, Lou. 1685, Svo. Cooper, C. Municipal Corporations in England and Wales, Lon., 1S35, 12mo. Cooper, Rev. Charles D. See Oxenden, Ashton. - Cooper, Charles Purton, Doctor of Laws of the R. Catlndic University of Louvain, and one of her majesty's counsel. Legal aiid Ecclc.xia.-fical Publications, 1828-51. Sec Marvin's Legal Eibl., and Darling's Cyc. Brit. Cooper, Chris. Heresy Unmasked, Lon., Svo. Cooper, E. Poesy, 1761, 8vo. Elbow Chair, 1765, Svo. Cooper, Kdwaril. Abridgt. of Anatomy, Lon., fol. Cooper, Edward, d. 1833, Rector of Yoxhall, 1S09. Pract. and Famil. Serms., 7 vols. 12mo. V. Y., many edits. Scrms., 6th ed., 2 vols. 1819. "Sound in his doctrine, judicious in his arrangement, simple and unafTected in his language, animated yet correct in his man- ner, he generally pleases and edifies his reader." — i«i. Cknsliun ObseTver. " Plain, sound, and useful."— Bickeesteth. The Crisis ; Prophecy, and Signs of the Times, 1825, Svo. "A practical and edifviiig work, though serious doubts may be entertained of the justness of the interpretation of the particular prophecy." — Bickersteth. Cooper, Elizabeth. The Muses' Library, or a Se- ries of English Poetry from the Saxons to the Reign of Charles IL, 1737, '38, '41, but nil the same edit. It is a collection of much merit, and can he hadfor a few shillings. Mrs. C. had the valuable assistance of Oldys. Cooper, George. 1. Letters on the Irish Nation, 1800, Svo. . . " Manners, national character, government, religion, prmcipally ; with notices on agriculture, commerce, &c." — Stevenson's Vot/ages and Travels. 2. Treatise of Pleading on the Equity Side of the High Court of Chancery, Lon., 1809, '13, Svo. This work is founded upon Mitford on Equity Pleading. 3. Reports of Cases in II. C. of C. in Lord Eldon's time, Lon., 1815; N. _ York, 1824, Svo. Cooper, George. 1. Designs for the Decoration of Rooms, Lon., 1S07, fol. 2. Architectural Reliquesof Great Britain ; part 1st, 1S07, 4to. Cooper, George. Domestic Brewer, 1811, 12mo. Cooper, Sir Grey. Duke and Duchess of Athol; Proceedings in H. of C. rcl. to the Isle of Man, 1769, Svo. Cooper, Ileury Fox. Poem, 1805, 12mo. Cooper, James. Vaccination Vindicated, ISII. Svo. Cooper, James. S.rms., Lon., 1S40, 12ino. Cooper, James Fenimore, 17S9-1851, a distin- guished American author, w:is a son of Judge AVilliam Cooper, a native of Pennsylviinia, whose ancestors had been settled in the United States since 1G79. The subject of our notice was born at Burlington, New Jersey, on the 15lh of September. He entered Yale College in 1S02, and for the three years of his residence there applied himself diligently to his studies. In 1805 he obtained a midship- man's warrant in the U. S. Navy, and followed the life of a sailor for six years. How apt a scholar he became in this arduous school may be judged from the technical accu- racy which distinguishes his marine sketches. In 1811 be resigned from the navy, and was married to Miss De Lanoey, a sister of the estimable Bishop De Lancey of AVeste'rn New Y'ork. Mr. Coojier's first volume was en- titled Precaution, a novel of the English " fashionable society" school, with few indications of the remaikiiblo powers of description and eloquence of narration which its successors evinced. Ho next pub. The Spy. a tale of fbo Neutral Ground, founded upon incidents connected with the American Revolutiim. The theme was one too closely connected with the sympathies of his countrymen to appeal in vain to their attention. The critic of the leading pe- riodical of the country, in a review not in all respects the most Battering to the young author, compliments him " For ha\ ing demonstrated so entirely to our salisfaclien. that an admirable topii' for the romantic historian hasgrown out ot the American Itevolution. . . . He has the high praise, and will have, we may add. the future glory, of having struck info a lU'w path— of having opened a mine of exhaustless wealth — in a word, be has laid the foundations of American romance, and is really the firbt coo coo xrho has (leserved tTie appell.-itinn nf a distinguished American nu\il wiitei-."' — N. Amcnctn J^'euiew. xv. 281. The popularity of The Spy was not confined tn Ame- rica. It was soon republi.'^heii in many parts of Europe. I ami the reputation of the author was eoufirmed abroad as well as at home by the appearance of The Pioneers and The Pilot in 1S23, and the Last of the Mohicans in 1826. Be- tween the two last works was pub. a novel {Lionel Lincoln) founded upon the early revolutionary troubles in America, which never succeeded in gaininj^ the popular favour. AV)outl827 Mr. Cooper visited Europe, and whilst abroad, gave to the world a surcession of works of various grades of merit, of which a critical examination will not be ex- pected in the limited space to which we are confined. The first of the works pub. in Europe was The Prairie, one of the very best of his productions — which was suc- ceeded by The Red Rover, The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish. The Water-Witch, The Bravo, Tho TIeidenmnuer. and The Headsman of Berne. He also pub. a vindication of the land of his birth from many current misrepresentations: doubtless the Notions of the Americans did much to cor- rect error and abate prejudices among candid foreigners. But if Mr. Cooper was ready to defend his country when unjustly criticized, he was quite as willing tu censure those faults to which he perceived a growing proclivity among some of her most prominent sons. We have no disposition to dwell upon family quarrels, and if we enumerate The Letter to his Countrymen, and Tlie Monikins, a political satire, among Mr. Cooper's works, it is with no desire to revive controversy, but only to act the part (»f a faithful chronicler. To the last-named work succeeded the Glean- ings in Europe : the Sketches of Switzerland, and the works on France, Italy, and England, the series compris- ing 10 volumes, excited much attention both at home and abroad. England, with Sketches of Society in the Metro- polis, aroused in no small degree the ire of the Liuidon Quarterly Reviewer, who declares, not in the most cour- teous style imagiuable, that *' Jfo ill-wiitteii — ilMnfirmcd — ill-bred — ill-tempored, and ill- mannered a production it has never yet been our fortune to meet. . . . We must say in justice to every thing Americau that we have happened to meet, either in litei-ature or in society, that we never met such a phenomeuon of vanity, folly, and fable, as this book exhibits — we say table, because (whatever may be Mr. Cooper's in- tentions) his i^nni-ance and pi'esumption betray him at every mo- ment into misstatemeuts so gross, and sometimes so elaborate, as to have all the appearance and elTect nf ab.solute falsehood." The critic indignantly denies Mr. Cooper's assertion that "the Quarterly Review was the organ of a national anti- pathy to America." It is hardly worth while to linger over such civilities, and we proceed to notice Mr. Cooper's other productions. The American Democrat, or Hints on the Social and Civil Relatitms of the United States, appeared in 1^35. Three years later Mr. Cooper gave to the world a work of a more elaborate character than its predecessors. This was a History of the Navy of the United State^^. Phila., 18:^.9; 2d cd., Phila., IS-IO; :Ul ed.. Coopcrst^-wn, 18-16; reprinted in London. Paris, and Brussels. A new ed., with a continuation. ISId-S^, in a supplement of 100 pages from Mr. Cooper's MSS. and other authorities, was pub. in 185a. "The work of an unsurpassed writer: it is so full of interest, and .'JO abounds in the most vivid illustrations of American pa- triotism, enterprise, and courage, that it cannot be too widely cucu- lated."-— Ceoroe HaiNCROFT. " Mr. Cooper appears to be fair, and imwarped by national preju- dice in these records." — Ixm. Literarif Guzrtle. "We have perused this history with no little curiosity and with great interest." — British Naval mnl A/. Ufa}-}/ Mogazine. '' Tbi'se volumes are filled with the graphic records of darinr; adventure, and contain in their nai raticn of mere facts, .t treasure to the lovers of .^ea- romance. The n.ime of Snmers is a household word in America: and the desperate enterprise in whifli he and his companions peli^hed. i.s narrated in this work with an extra- ordinary effect.'" — Lon. Atlm'O-um. "This is a very valuable .^dditif^n to naval history. Mr. Cooper has used a cnuimendaV'le dilii^encein sear(.hinc out whatever facts the early history nf America affonls. illusti-ative of the oii^;in and growth of her national navy, and has dressed them out in a form as attractive as possible." — N. Aiuer. Review. Commendation, however, was not the only response with ■which the labours of the author were greeted. The ac- count of the Battle of Lake Erie was not suffered to escape without nn earnest protest from .several critics ; and Mr. C. felt called upon to notice these strictures, in a volume pub. in 1842, entitled The Battle of Lake Erie, or answers to Messrs. Burgess, Duer, and Mackeuzie. A fitting compa- nion to his history is the author's Lives of American Naval Officers, in 2 vols. The novels of Homeward Bcmnd and Home as Found also excited no little nniniadversirm — the charge of misrepresentation being warmly urged against the author. To these succeeded The Pathfinder, Mercedes of Castile, The Deer-Slayer, The Two Admirals, Wing and Wing, or Le Feu F- served on reading the book) has just made the shift to do the ottice of acnwicra obscura, and represent things in an inverted order; himself above, and Sprat, Rollin, Voltaire, and every other author of importance, bdtnuy — Fopi's Wnrhs. ed., 1751, i. 151. This is in the favourite style of the amiable prelate, and we need not be surprised that it somewhat excited the ire of the author of The Life of Socrates. He followed up the war by Remarks on Warburton's edition of Pope, in a Letter to a Friend, 1751. In this work Mr. C. appeals to the impartial reader, " Whether there is the least reflection through the whole Life of Socrates, or the Notes, upon W.'s morafs, and whether he has not confined his criticism to W.'s practice as an author?" and he declares the epithet bestowed upon him to be a downright slander. Letters on Taste, 1754. '•These Letters may still be perused with interest; they are more remarkable, however, for splendour of style and imiigcry than for strength of reasoning, and are occasionally tinged with the hue of affectation." — Dr. Draee. The Tomb of Shakspcare, a "Vision, 1755. The Genius of Britain, 1756. Epistles to the Great from Aristippus, 1758. The Call of Aristippus, 1758. Trans, of Ver Vert, 1759. Poems on several subjects, 1764: — Originally con. to Dodsley's Museum, under the signature of Philaretes. "Mr. Cooper was a gentleman of an agreeble appearance, of po. lite address, and .accomplished manners." — Dr. Kippis. See Biog. Br it. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and Johnson and Chalmers's Knglish Poets, and works cited above. Cooper, Joseph, 1635-1699, a Nonconformist divine. Eight Sermons on 1 Pet. v. 15, 1663, Svo. Domus Mo- saics Cl.avis, sive Legis Sepiuientum, 1673, 12mo. " This is a curious Latin work, written in defence of the Maso- retic doctrines and punctuation ; in which p:iias Levita, Cappelus, Walton, Morinus. Gordon, surnanied Huntly, are all attacked: and the Buxtnrfs, Owen. Glassius, and the rest of the same school, are defended. Cooper was a pious and learned man : but on this subject had more zeal than knowledge." — Orme: Bibl. Bib. Cooper, Maria Susanna. Jane Shore to her Friends; a Poetic Epistle, 1776, 4to, The Exemplary Mother. The Wife, or Caroline Herbert, 1812, 2 vols.; poslh. "An example of virtue which may be useful and interesting to many of our fiiir readers : particulaily such as are speculatiug on matrimony." — ton. Monthh/ lirvirw. 1813. Cooper, Mary Grace. Thamuta, The Spirit of Death ; and other poems, Lon.. 1839, 12mo. "A pure pearl, deserving of notice: calculated to con.sole and cheer the sick chamber, or rest amongst those Sabbath books w hich ought to have a place 'sacred and a]iart" in every English home."' — Britannia. Cooper, Myles, D.D., d. at Edinburgh, 1785, aged about 50, was educated at the University of Oxford. Ho emigrated to New York in 1762, and was (at the instanco of the Archbishop of Canterbury) appointed Prof, of Moral Philosophy in King's CoUege.New York city. In 1763 he succeeded Dr. J». It is no matter of surprise that so attractive a book has reached the 4th. edition. Miss Cooper has also edited Country Rambles, or Jour- nal of a Naturalist in England, with Notes and Additions, New York. 12mo. "Thanks to Miss S. P. Cooper, whose own'I^nral Hours' show how well she is titted for the task she has undertalvpn. . . . Every rural library shnuld have this book. No kind nf iiifnrmation gives Puch cert-;*in returns of gratification as that we gain by the study of works like this." — New F>r/.- Errninfj />».•!^ Miss Cooper's last publication is entitled Rhyme and Reason of Country Life; from Fields old and new: New Tork, 1S54, Svo. This is a volume of "selections, con- nected together by a mere thread of remarks." '■ The lar-re reading and fine taste of Miss Cooper are admirably displayed in her choice as well as arrangement of the (lowers which go to make up her .several bouquets. . . . Precisely such a book as cultivated persons like to snatch up for a spare hour, durinc the long eveninirs nf winter, in the cnuntry, or to rarry out with them, in the summer-time, to the shade of a favourite arbour or tree." — J*ut'>'^m''s }f^ir Thomas 1-liofs di.timiary, and the materials, for the most part, fmm liob. Stevens s 'thesau- rus, and John Frisius's Lat. and (ierm. Dictionary.'" — Jtlien. Oxon. Cooper does not pretend that the work is an original one. It was a great favourite with Queen Elizabeth, nnd was the cause of Cooper's preferments. It contnins many (juo- tations of early Engli-sh, and is undoubtedly a philologi- cal curiosity. Brief Expositions of such chapters of the Old Testament as usually arc read in the Church at Com- mun Prayer, on the Sundnys throughout the year. 157.'5, 4to. Serm., 1575. 12 Serms., 1580, 4to. An Admoni- tion to the People of England, 15S9, 4to. This is an an- swer to John ap Henry's books against the Church of England, pub. under tlio name of Martin Mar-Prelate. Bishop Cooper's admonition elicited two " ludicmus pam- phlels," entitled. Ha* ye any work for a Cooper? and More work for a Cooper. An Answer in defence of the Truth against the apology of private Mass. 1562, 12nio, anon. There is some doubt as to the authorship of this treatise. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxmh. It was iu 1850 edited for the Parker Society by the Rev. W. Go.idc, Canib., Svo. Cooper was less happy in his domestic relations than his merits deserved. " A man of great gravity, learning, and holiness of life." — ■ Godwin'. " A very learned man : eloquent, and well acquainted with the English and Latin languages."' — Balk. " He was furnished with all kind of leaminfr. almost beyond all his contemporaiies: and not only adorned the pul|iit with bis ser- mons, but also the commonwealth of learnini^ with his wiiiins^s." . — Wood. *'0f him J can say much, and T shnuld do him great wrong if I s;nd nothing: for he was indeed a reverend man, very well learned, exceedinsr industrious: and, which was in Ih- se days counted a sreat praise to him, and a chief eauseof his preferment, he wrote that great dictionary that yet bears his name." — Siu John IlARRIMlTOJf. There was a story current that his wife, fearing lest he should kill himself with study, burnt nil the notes which her husbnnd had for eight years been industriouj-ly etdlcct- ing for the compilation of his dictionary. But. his wife gave palpable evidence that she cared very little either for her husband's comfort or rejtutation. Cooper, Thomas. Nona Novembris. Ac, Oxf., 1607, 4to. R.imish Spider, 1606, 4to. Worldling's Adventure, 1610, 4to. Oihcr wnrks. Cooper, Thomas, Pcliiicnl treatises. Ac.. 1794-1806. Cooper, Thomas, M.D.. LL.D.. 1759-1S40, a native of Londi>n, educated at Oxford, emigrated to Pennsylvania, and was appointed president-judge of a judir'al district by Governor McKean. He was subsequently Prnfcf^sor of Chemistry, first in Dickinson College. Cfirli^Ie. 2d!y in the University of Pennsyivanin, ?,(\\y at Columbia CoHege, South Carolina. He afterwards became Prc-^iilcnt of the last-named institution. The Bankrupt Law of America compared with the Bankrupt Law of En.:land, Pbihi., ISOl, Svo. An English VerMon of the Institutes of Justi- nian. Phila.. 1812. Svo; New York. ISM. Sv.. ; :Ul ed., Phila., 1S52. He contrasts the Roman Jurisprndeni e with that of the United States. Tracts on Mc'i. al Jnri.-piu- dencc. Phila., 1819, Svo. Opinion of Judge Cot.pi r in tho case of Pempsey r. The Insurance Co. of Penn.-ylvania, on the Eflect of a sentence of a Foreign Court of Admi- ralty ; pub. by A. J. Dallns, Phila., 1810. Svo. '' i would recommend every Amerir-an student to read this opi- nion of Judir<^ Cooper's; not so much for the reasoning and ideas, as f!jr the analysis and systematic comprehension of the subject. It is a model that deserves to be admired.'" — Judge BRAtKLMtiDCE: Miscellavies. f}'lh\ Note. "Tt is perhaps one of the ablest, most comprehensive, and per- spicuous arfiuments that has appeared nn that dif^mlt and lii'^My important question, the effect of a sentence of a fon-i/n court of Admiralty as evidence in domestic suits. Both in KnHand and this country, tht^ question has been very freiiUi*nflv a-ji*;i*> d. and not less frequently, variously, and confusedly decided." — H"ffinait's 1 Legal Htudy, 472. 427 coo Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy, Colum- I.ia, 2d ed., 1829, 8vo. . "This work, thoujlh not written in a vei-y philosophical spirit, is the l>est of the American worlis on political economy that we liave ever met with."— McCdlioch : Lit. nf P.Jil. Ecrmmiii/. Dr. Cooper's infirmities obliged him to resign the presi- dency of C ilumbia College, and he devoted his last years, in conjunction with Mr. D. McCord, to a revision of the statutes of South Carolina. These were pub. in 10 vols. 8vo, Columbia, 1836-41. Besides the works mentiouc.l, Dr. Cooper pub. the Emporium of Arts, trans, from the French, and many pamphlets on politics, physics, ami theology. Few men have led so active a life, and still fewer have exhibited so great a variety of talents. Cooper, Thomas, the Chartist. The Baron's Yule Feast: a Cliristmas Rhyme. Lon., lS4(i, 12mo. The Pur- gatory of Suicides; a Prison Khyme, 3d ed., lS5:i, 12mo. Wise Saws and Modern Instances : a Series of Short Tales, 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. Two Orations against Taking away Human Life, p. Svo. " Mr. Cooper's style is intensely clear and forcilile. and displays great tainestness and tine humrni sympathy : it is in tiie highest degree manly, plain, and vigorous." — Lmi. Morn. Adcerliarr. Cooper, yV. White. Invalid's Guide to Madeira, Lon.. 1840. 12mo. On Near Sight, Aged Sight, and Im- paired Vision. 1846, p. 8vo. "Truly practical and consequently truly valu.al4e, we recom- mend this volume to all eyes." — Z>m. Liln-unj Ga:Mr. Cooper, William, Bishop of Galloway. Dikaioltigi; containing a just defence of his former apology against David Hume, Lon., 1614, 4to. Cooper, William. Serm.. Lon., 1619. 4to. Cooper, William. Serins., Lon., I(i6:i, '76. '77. Cooper, William. Ciit;ilo,gue of Chymicall Books, Lon., 1675, 12ino. Other publications. Cooper,William, D.D., Archbishopof York. Sernis., Ac.. 1763-79. Discourses, 1786, 2 vols. 8vo. Address, 1788. Phil. Trans., 1784; of a remarkable meteor. Cooper, William, d. 1743. aged 49. a minister of Boston. Massachusetts, was in 1737 elected President of Harvard College, but declined the trust. He pub. a number of serms., 1714-41. The Doctrine of Predestination unto Life explained and vindicated in 4 serms., 1741 ; and Lon., 1765, 12mo. *' A c.mdid and practical view of this doctrine." — Pickeksteth. Cooper, William, D.D., Archdeacon of York. Dis- courses, Lon.. 179.1. 2 vols. Svo. Cooper, William, M.D. Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770. Phil. Trans.. 1775. Coore, Richard, D.D.. d. 16S7. Practical Exposi- tion of the more difficult Texts that are contained in the Holy Bible, Lon., lfiS3, 8vo. "The drnams in Daniel and the visions of all the Prophets, and the two mystical 1 on!,s of the Canticles and the Kevelation are all clearly op.'iied." — -lu'/c/r's J^rf. Coortresse, Richard, Bishop of Chichester. A Serm. before the Queone's Mnjestie, Lon., 1573, Svo. Coote, Charles, LL.D., of Pembroke College, Oxford. Graii Elegaia, A-c. Lon., 1794, 4to. Hist, of England to 1783, 1791-98, 9 vcds. Svo. Cont. of the Peace of Amiens, 1803, Svo. English Grammar, and a hist, of the language, 17S8, Svo. Life of Csesar, 1802. Svo. Hist, of the Union. I 1802, Svo. Hist, of Modern Europe, ISIO; continued to 1815, 1S17, Svo. Mosheim's Eccl. Hist, by Maclaine, brought down to the ISth century. ISll, 6 vols. Svo. Hist. of Ancient Europe. 1815. 3 vols' Svo. This was intended to accompany Dr. Wm. Russell's Hist, of Modern Europe, Lon.. 1779, 2 vols. Svo. Coote, Sir Charles, Earl of Montrnth, Governor of Dublin, d. 1661. Declarations, Dubl., 1659; Lon., 16C0, 4to. His Victory, Lon., 1649, 4to. Transactions with 0. R. O'Neal, Lon.," 1649, 4to. Coote, Chilly. Ireland's L.imentations, Lon., 1664. Coote, Edward. English Schoolmaster, Lon.. 1627. Coote, H. J. The Homologies of the Human Skele- ton. Lcin., 18)9. Svo. Coote, J. Jlcmoirof Princess Charlotte, etc., ISIS. Svo. Coote, R. II. An Analysis, armngcd to serve also as a compendious digested Index to Mr. Fearnc's Essay on Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises, and of Mr. Butler's Notes, Lon., 1814, Svo. " Every topic to he found in the text and notes is concisely abridired by Mr. Coote. and the whole is alphahetically arraii'^ed. This small volume should ever he in view whilst the student is enpa^ed with the threat t.riL'inal."— ff :,^*'((/n's L^g'l St'ithf, 2U. Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant. L(ui., 1840, Svo. Treatise on the Law of Mortgage, with an .Appendix of Precedents, Lon., 1822. Svo. The 3d ed. of this valuable work, by the original author and Richard Coote, Esq., was COP pub. Lon., 1S50, r. Svo. An American ed. (the third) founded on the 3d Lon. ed., is now (1868) in the press of the enterprising and well-known publishers, T. and J. "W. Johnson, of Philadelphia. It is edited by Judge Sharswood, whose name is sufficiently known to the profession to render any comments useless. The Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts, with Fcunis and Tables of Costs, Lon., 1846, Svo. " Kcclesiastical Piacticeisnow forthet.rst time made the subject of a formal and elaborate treatise, audit has remained for Mr. Coote, by a comliioation of industry and experience, to give to the pro- fe.ssion a work which has long been wanted, but which so few are competent to supply." — Lin- Law Timn. Coote, Richard, Earl of Bellamont. Articles of agreement between him, E. Livingston, and Capt. W. M. Kidd, fol. Coote, Hon. Robt. Compleat Marksman; Poem, 1755. Cope. Hist, of the East Indies. Lon., 1754, Svo. Cope, Alan, .an English R. Catholic, d. about 1580. Historia Evangclicic Veritas, Lon.. 1672 ; Doway, 16U3,4to. *'This is a lutul of Ilatmonv of the tn.siiels. or rather a digest of the Life of Christ, in the woids of the livangelists. . . . Crow speaks of Cope as 'eximii ingeuii vir."— OnMt:: BiU. B,b. ^ Cope also pub. Dialogi sex contra Sumiui Pontificatua Momistica; Vitae, Ac, Antw., 15C6, 4to. This work was written by Nic. Harpesfield. " Whii h honk Vieing put into the hands of his friend AI,an Cope, he put it out under his name, lest danger should befall the author in ]>ersiui."— ^r'"-'H. Ox^n. Cope, Sir Anthony. Historic of Anniball and Sci- pio, Liin.. 1514. 4to. Godly Meditacion vpon XX. Psalmes of Dawid, 1517, 4to ; a new ed. with Biog. Pref. and Notes, by G. W. II. Cope, 1848, Svo. " He went into France, Germany. Italy, and elsewhere; in which places visiting the univer.sifies. and ji'ining his company to the most learned men of them, became an accomplished gentleman, wrote several things beyond the seas, as well as at home." — AUten. 0x1 m. Cope, Henry. Demonsfratio Medico-Practiea Prog- nostimm llip]p(icratis. Dubl., 1736, Svo. Cope, Henry. Scrutiny alter Religion, 1620, Svo. Cope,.)olin. An ancient date at Widgel-Hall; Phil. Trans., 1735. Cope, Sir .lohn. Report on his conduct. 1749, 4to. Cope, Michael. Expi>sition on Proverbs, in French, Geneve, 1557; trans, into English by Marcelline Outrerd, 16S9, 4to. "Jlany deep and .striking thouihts."— Bickersteth. Exp. snr le Livro de TEcclesiaste, Genev., 1563, Svo. " I lind. .^lichael Cope to have been a zealous Calvinist at Geneva and other places, a frequent preacher in the French tongue, and author ill the I'reiirli l.-iiigua-e."— vlf^i'Vj. Oxon. CopclanU, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1713, 12mo. Copeland, Thomas. Medical treatises, Lon., 1810, '12, '18. Copeman, E. Cases of Apoplexy, Lon., 1S45, 8to. Copinger, Manricc. Excise Laws, 1799, 4to. Copland, Alexander, Advocate. Mortal Life, and the State of the Soul after Death, Ac. ; 2d ed.,Lon..l834,Svo. '• This work gives us all that can be known of the subject w hich it treats, and a great deal which can only be conjectured." — Low ndes. Copland, James, M.D. Pestilential Cholera, Lon., 12mo. Pal.sy and Apoplexy, 1S50, p. Svo. Dictionary of Practical Medicine, Library of Pathidogy, and Digest of Medical Literature, 1S33-58, 3 vols. Svo. This invaluable work should be in the possession of every medical man, and in every pulilic library. From the many commenda- tions before us. we have room but for a few lines from two or three eminent authorities : ■MVe feel it a great duty to record our opinion that, as there is no medical practitioner iii this c(>untry. old or young, high or low, who will not derive gre,at pleasure and great profit by consulting Dr. Copland's Dictionary, so we think there is no one who should not add the work to his'libiary."— ifri^ f'wrf Fur. ikd. Kcview. "The labour is immense, and will stamp the author as a man of great research, unusual industry, and sound judgment.'' — Lrrn. Meilicn-Cln'r. I>'fn'nu. " It is the prodU'-tion of a physician profoundly acquainted with the medical literature ofall countries. and one practically acquainted with the immense class of diseases usually consigned to that order of the profession to which he belongs." — Lon. Medical and Surgical Journal. Copland, Patrick. Virginia's God be thanked; a Thanksgiving Serm., with some Epistles by Peter Pope, an Indian Voiilli, L'Oi., 1622, 4to. Copland, l»cter. Con. to Med. Com. Facts and Me- moirs, Lon.. 1791. '93. '99, and 1805. Copland, Robert, a printer, Ac, d. about 154S? Hye Way to the Spvttel House, Lon.. 4to; reprinted in Utter- son's Pieces of early Popular Poetry, vol. ii. lyl of Braunt- ford's Testament, newly compiled, 4to. Copland was author of some other i>ieces. and trans, from the French. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; AVarton's Eug. Poet.; Athen. Oxon.; llitson's Bibl. Poet. COP COR Copland, Robert, The Qucstionary of Chyrurgions; with the Formulery of Uttl Guido in Chyrurgirie, with the Spectacles of Cbyrurgiens newly adtled, and the fourth book of the Terapeulycke, or Metbod Curative of Claud. Galyen, Prince of Physicians, with a singular Treatise of the cure of Ulcer?, Lon., 1541, 4to. Coi)lau(I, Samuel, D.D. Christian Character, 17S5. Copland, Samuel. Hist, of Madagascar, Lou., 1S21, 8vo. Copleston, Edward, D.B., 1776-1849, a native of Offwell, Dcvitn, elected scholar at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. 1791; chosen Fellow of Oriel College, 1795; Col- lege tutor. 1797; Prof, of Poetry, 1802; Proctor. 1S07; Provost of Oriel. ISU; Dean of Chester, 1S26; Bishop of Llandafl" and Dean of St. Paul's, 1S27. Letter to John Coker. ISIO. Enquiry into the doctrines of Xeeessity and Predestination ; 4 discourses, Lon., 1S21. Svo. See Review in Quart. Rev., xxvi. 82. See a list of Bishop C.'s other serms., speeches, &c. in Darling's Cyc. Bibl. The follow- ing work conferred great reputation upon the author : Pra?- lectiones Academicas Oxonii habitse, 1813, Svo, and 1828, Svo, Oxonii. '■The eleiiant and masterly Pra?lectiones of Mr. Copleston, de- livered iiy him as Professor of Poetry at Oxford, are. we presume, ab-eady in the hands of our readers." — Muscuin Criticum. Copleston, John. Serm., Lon., 1661, 4to. Copley, Anthony, A Fig for Fortune. Recta securas, Lon., loUl). 4to. Trans, of the prose porli0, Svo. "The best compendium with which we are acquainted." — Lon. Chr'isti'in Guardian. Copley, J. S. Borough of Horsham, ISOS, Svo. Copley, John. Observ. on Religion, Lon., ICll, 4to. Copley, Josiah* Thoughts of Favoured Hours, Phila., 1858, l8mo. Coppe, Abiezer. Flying Roll, Ac, Lon., 1G46,*49, '51. Coppee, Henry, b. in Savannah, Georgia, Oct. lo, 1821 ; grad. at West Point in 1845, and served through the Mexican War as a lieutenant of artillery; at its close, breveted a captain and sent as an instructor to the Military Academy; remained on that duty until 1855; was then appointed Prof. English Literature and History in the University of Pcnna., in the place of Prof. Henry Reed. Elements of Logic, Phila., 1857. Elements of Rhetoric, 1S58. Edited Gallery of Famous English and American Poets, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1S5S, Svo. Con- trib. artitdes in prose and verse to various periodicals, Ac. Coppin, Richard, Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1649, '53. '54, -bb. Copping, John, Dean of Clogher. Sermon, Lon., 1740, 4tn. Coppinsr^ Thomas. Fast Serm., 1702, 4to. Coppinger, 31at. Poems, Songs, and Love-Verses, Lon., 1GS2. 12mo. Reed s.ile, 6600, £6 Gs. Coppinger, Sir Nath. A Speech for the bringing in of the Archbishop of Canterbury to his Long-Expected Trial. Lou.. 1641. 4to. Copway, George, (Kahgegwagehow,) Indian of the Ojibway nation, b. August, 1820, in Michigan; for many years connected with the press of New York Cityj has lectured extensively throughout Europe and America. 1. Recollections of a Forest Life, 1S47, 2. Traditional History of the Ojibway Nation, 1850. ?,. Ojibway Con- quest; a Poem, [curious,] 1850. 4. Running Sketches of Men and Places in Europe, 1851. 5. Copway's American Indian. Corbet, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1642, 4to. Corbet, Jeft'ray. Protestant's Warning Pieces, 1656. Corbet, John, of Bonvl. Scotland. Ungirdling of the Scottish Armour. Dubl.,'l639. 4to. Corbet, John, 1G20-16S0, educated at Magdalen Hall. Oxford, obtained the living of Bramshot, Hampshire ; ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. Hist. Relation of the Milt. Government of Gloucester, Lon., 1645, 4to. Vindi- cation of the Magistrates and Ministers of Gloucester, 1646, 4to. Self-Employment in Secret, 16S1, 12mo. Remains, 1684, 4to. Other works. See Athen. Oxon. Corbet, John, beheaded in the Irish Rebellion. Epistle Congratuhitorie to the Covenanters in Scotland. 1640. 4to. Corbet, John, English Grammar. Shrew., 1784, 12mo. Corbet, Miles. Speech in H. of Commons. 1647, foL Corbet,Richard,D.D.,1582-16;i5. educated at Broad- gate's Hall and Christ Church. Oxford, Bean of Christ Church. 1627; Bishop of Oxford, 1629; translated to Nor- wich, 1632. Journey to France; a Poem. Oratio-Oxon., 1613, 4to. Certain elegant Poems. Lon., 1647,12mo. Poetical Stromata, or Pieces in Poetry, 1648, '72, Svo. Fourth ed. of his Poems, with addits. and Life by Octavius Gilchrist, 1809, 12mo. Of Corbet's Poems the Journey into France, an amusing sketch, is *■ Remarkable for eiving; some traits of the French character that are Tisible iu the present day." The Farewell to the Fairies also possesses much humour. See Aubrey's Letters; Life by Gilchrist; Athen. Oxon. Corbet, Roger, Letter from Court, Lon., 1647, 4to, Corbet, Thomas. Gospel Incense, 1653, 12mo. Corbett, Misses. The New Happy Week; or, Holi- days at Beechwood, Lon. "Thf convt-rs.itious ave natural, animated, and sparkling with good humour and agreeable plt-apantry." — Ediii. Even. Fo.st. The Happy AVeek; or, Holidays at Beechwood, 3d ed. "The Happy "Week will be read with avidity by those of our youn^ fi-iends who may be so fortunate as to obtain possi'ssioD of it. The * Large Nose" is capit.al. The contents of the book are agree- ably varied." — Cliridian Advocate. Lessons for the Heart, selected from the best Examples for the Improvement of Young Persons. " We have been delighted with this volume, and consider it a very valu-ible addition to the list of books designed for the in- struction of the young. A safer, or more useful, or more entertain- ing little work could scarcely be put into their hands." — Christian Instiitclor. Elucidations of Interesting Passages in the Sacred Vo- lume, drawn from the Works of the most celebrated Coni- mentator.s and Travellers, First and Second Series. '• We assure parents, guardians, and teachers, that they cannot do a better service to the education of the young, than put into the hands of those under their charge these deserving volumes." — Srndish Guardian. The Cabinet for Youth, containing Narratives, Sketches, and Anecdotes, for the Instruction and Amusement of the Young, 3d edition. '• The book is a good one. and will be a popular one, or we err greatly in our eslim.ite of what young folks like to read, and what their guardians think it advisable to purchase for them." — Ediii' hurgh Oh.errer. Corbett, 31. de* Oriental Key to the Sacred Scrip- tures, as they arc illustrated by the Rites, &c. of Eastern Nations. Lon., 18."17, 18mo. Corbett, Thomas. An Inquiry relative to the Wealth of Individuals, Lon., 1841. ]2mo. '• It deserves the attentive perusal of the commercial world."— Lon. Ni'w MrmOilii Mag. Corbett, Uvedale. Inquiry into the Election Lawi», Lon., 1816, Svo. U. C. and E.'R. Dauiell: Reports of Controversial Elections. 1821, 8vo. Corboultl, Edward. Aristoraenes : a Grecian Tale, with Illustrations, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. '•In these two handsome volumes we find considerable power of writing." — Lon. Literary G^tzctie. " The whole effusion bears the very spirit of classical antiquity." — Lfm. Muuihly At. Jieview. Cordwell, J. New System of Physic, 1668-70, Svo. Core, Francis. Treatise on Witches, Lon., 1564. Svo. Corfe, Joseph. Treatise on Singing, Lon., 1791, foL Coriat, Jun. See Coryate. Coriat, Thomas. See Coryate. Corker, Edward. His Case, foL COR Corker, James, is supposed to hn.va written the treatise cntitleil, Roman Catliolie Principles in reference to Gorl and the king, 1680, which was referred to by Lord Stafford on his trial in vindication of his faith. A new edit, was pub. by Rev. John Kirk, 1815, 8vo. " It is a clear and accurate exposition of the Kom.in t'ajoo'"^ Creed on some of its most important principles, and has all tnc authority that such a document can receive from time and unj- versal assent."— Charles Butler. , ., ^. . • ■ „.;.i '• In perusine the Principles. Dr. Leland, the historian, is s.Tid to have declared, that, if such were the principles of Roman Catho- lics, no government had any risht to quarrel with them. bee Charles Butlers Memoirs respect, the En-lish, Irish, and fecottisn Catholics. 1819: ii. 40, 345-353. Corker, Samuel. Funl. Serm., Dubl., 1695, 4to. Cormack, John. Lives of Philosophers ; trans, from Fonelon, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. Fem.ale Infanticide in Guezerat, 1815, Svo. Sermon, Edin., 1810. Cormiek, C. M. Hist, of England, from the Death of George XL to the Peace of 1783, Lon., 3 vols 12iiio Cormouls, Thomas. Eversion; or the Refutation of the present Principles of Mundane Philosophy, Wol- verh., 1804, Svo. , Corncob, Jonathan, Loyal American Refugee, The Adventures of, Lon., 1787, 12nio. ,,.,,, ,,,,,. -The piotolvpe of the IMIs and Tmllorei. who, as the Month > Keview says, •'thou-ht that his ridicule of the JonaUmm would render his work the more acceptable in England.' "-Rice i B,b. Amcr. Kifva. Cornelius, Lucins. Do Monarchia Jesuitarum, Lon., 1648, '65, '80, 8vo. Cornelius, Peter. A Way to make the Poor, in these and other Nntions, happy, Lon., 1659, 4to Surely so phi- lanthropic a proposal demands, a respectful consideration : Cornell, Ebenezer. Sermon. Lon., 1756, 8vo. Cornell, S. S., Corresponding Member of the Ame- rican Geographical and Statistical Society. Author of a series of popular School Geographies. Cornell, Kev. Wm. Mason, M.D., b. 1802, Massa- chusetts, gra.l. at Brown Univ., 1827. Grainmar of the Encrlish Language. Consumption Prevented, 8th edition. Consumption Forestalled and prevented. Sabbath made for Man. Treatise on Epilepsy. Contributed largely to the various medical and educational journals. Corner, Julia, may be styled, without compliment, one of the most useful writers of the age. Of her many valuable works, we notice : Questions on tlie Hist, of liu- rope; a Sequel to Miss Mangnalfs Hist. Questions; new ed., Lou., 1847, 12nio. „ . • "Miss Corner is a worthy successor to Miss Manpiall. An im- mense quantity of matter is condensed in these pages. —Urn. L,u. ''"children's Sunday Books, 1860-52. Hist, of China and India. The Historical Library, 1840-48, 14 vols. 12mo. "Wo know of no works better suited for youth, or the careful perusal of which is likely to be attended with m.a-e lasting laiprcs- ?ions, than Miss Corner's Hist. Library. '--ion. OmservaUveJoiu " Aliss Corner writes intelligibly and Hucutly, with much easy end winning grace."— ioji. Mig. of Arts and Scimts. We have perhaps 20 or 30 such commendations before us. Corney, Bolton. New Curiosities of Literature, in Dlustration of D'Israeli. Lon., 1838, p. Svo : and a 2d ed. "Ce livre est nne vive critique des Curiositcs rtc la bitterature, recueil d'anecdot*s et de remarques bihlio-r.ipliiquys fort .epandu en Aneleterre . . . M. Dolton Corney a dc,;a piiMie uu C-cnt fort hidMeux sur la Tapiss.ii.. dc I>,ayeux."-.f...rm.; Jcs Havants. _ ■'•• These illustratiM,^ a,,- bv tu- the best specimens of hrstoncal and bibliographical rrilirism that we have seen anywhere this many a day."— ion. Mflr<,pi,htau Magazine. "A m.asterlv volume."— iMid™ Kraiin>i€?-. , , ,. - See a communication from Mr. Corney, and a letter from the Rev. Alexander Crombio, respecting the above-named work, in the Gent. M.ag., Oct. 1841, 355. Thomson's Seasons, edit, by Bolton Corney, 1842, sq. 8vo. " Mr Bolton Cornev's labours are not the less to be commended because they are unobtrusive : the work is extremely well edited. The Poetical Works of Oliver Goldsmith; edited by Bolton Corney, 1845, Svo. A valuable edit. "The whole of the poems have been collated with the several oHilinns- (ho Deserted Villa"" lioasts an improved text ; and the orat^rtoof^he Capt vitv is piotcd complete from the MS. in Mr. Mun-ay's possession. A new memoir of the poet has the merits of ful ness and accuracy in respect of facts, and conciseness in point of style."— i»"f'oK ■SP'ctator. ., , i ht . j' Mr Corney is well known as a contributor to Notes and Queries and other journ.als. He is one of the few learned archffiologists still left (1858) of the school of Nichols and Gough. Baker and Cole. . . t,t ii Comings, Benj. N., b. 1817, at Cornisb, N. Hamp- shire. Principles of Physiology, 1S51. Class Book of Physiology, 1853. Preservation of Health and Prevention of Disease, 1854. 4ao COR Cornish, Joseph. Theolog. treatises, ic, 17S0, '89, '90. Importance of Classical Learning. 1783, Svo. Cornish, T. H. Juryman's Legal Hand Book and Manual of Common Law, 2d ed., Lon., 1843, 8vo. "This little volume contains much curious as well as useful m.itter. collected from various sources, adapted pnncipallj to the use of the gener.al re-ader."— 25 Legal Observer. 600. Cornish, William Floyer. Essay on Vs<:s, Lon., 18''5 Svo. Essay on the Law of Remainders, 1S2(, Svo. " It involves ciitical discussions upon the most abstruse, subtle, and arifici.al distinctions in the 1".«; »,'.'l!''f- ■'""'"r^'* %f U^ and dry critic, dealing in occult pmnts.' -^ Kent s Om., 198, 24d, 260. Tlis new classification may be maintained without materially impaiiin" the usefulness of Mr. Fearne's treatlse."-i*#nu>n., LL.D.. first Bishop of Madras. Memoirs of- compiled cbicflv from his own Letters and Journals, bv' bis Brothers, Lon., 1846, 8vo. Corrie, Edgar. Treat.onPolit.Econ.,li91, 96,1808. Corrie, George Elwes, Norrisian Prof, of Div'mty. Cambridge. Burnet's Hist, of tho Reformation abridged, Lon., 1847, Svo. COR COS " Tn this Edition, tho supplemental Matter added by the Bishop, and which has hitherto existeii in a St-|.ai-;ite Form, hris been in- corpni-.ited into llie Ili'^tory : admitted Error has been corrected, ami simie ih:in;4es and adilitious made."' Corrie, James, M.D. Vitality of the Blood, Lon., 1791, Svo. Corrie, John. Apologry for the diversity of religious sentiments, 1802, Svo. ReflectioDs on Private Judgment in Reli-ficn ; a serm., 1S04, Svo. Corrigan, Andrew, Theory and Practice of Modern Agriculture ; to which is added, the breeding and manage- ment of sheep, cattle, pigs, and poultry, with some remarks on dairy-husbandry, 1853. '•Tliis small work is truly a muUum in parvo, showing a very rnrrect knowledge of the articles described."' — DonaldUoii's AgricuU. Hi Of/. Corry, John. Life of Washington, Lon.. 1800, 12mo ; of A. Berkelev, 1808, 12mo; of Cowper, 1803, 12mo; of J. Priestley, 1805, Svo. Tales. 1S02, 12mo. View of Lon- don, 1799, 12mo. Addre.ss, 1803, 12mo. Novels, 1S03. &c. The Detector of Quackery, or Analysis of Medical, Philo- sophical, Political, Dramatic, and Literary Imposture, ISOI, Svo. Corry, John. Hist, of Bristol, by J. C. and John Evans, Bristol, 1816, 2 vols. r. Svo. " In little estiiiiatioii.'' — Lowndes. Corry, Joseph. Windward Coast of Africa, 1S07, 4to. Corse, John. Nat. History : see Phil. Trans., 1799, 1800. Corser, William. Fast Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to. Corwine, Richard 1>I. Digest of Cases in H. C. of E. and A., &c. of Mississippi, Cincinnati, 1845, 8vo. '"The material of this volume seems to have been carefully col- lected, and is very well an-ant^ed." — Afiirvin's I-P.ijal Bihl. Cory, E. A. Diseases of Children, Lon., 12mo. Cory, Isaac Preston. Ancient Fragments of vari- ous writers, 2d ed., Lon., 1S32, Svo, Ancient and M. Phi- losophy, 12mo. Inquiries, 12mo,' ditto, 12mo. Accounts, Svo. Official Accounts, Svo. Cory, Thomas. Course and P. of C. C. Pleas, 1672,4to. Coryate, or Coryat, George, d. 1606, educated at, and Fellow of. New College, Oxford : Rector of Odcombe, 1570 ; Prebendary of York, 1594. Poemata varia Latina, 1611, 4to. Descriptio Anglite, Scotia3, et Hibernire. '• lie was a person much commended iu his time for his fine fancy in Latin poetry, and for certain matters which he had writr ten." — Athen. Oxon. Coryate, or Coryat, Thomas, 1577-1617, son of the preceding, educated at Gloncester Hall, Oxfor(;E:"i.7/,.T ^. fhfdr, AfrU 15, 1798. '*Doyou suppose. Cottle, that I have f.-r^intt.-n thuse true and mnst essential acts of friendship wliich you showed me when I stond most in need of them? Your house was my house when I bad no other. . . . Sure I am, there never was a more generous or a kinder heart than yours; aud you will believe me when I add that there does not live that man upon earth whnm I remember with more gratitude aud affection. . . . Good ni','ht! my dear old friend aud beuetactor." — Robert Southey :" Letter to Cbtlle., A mil 20. ISOS. ^ Commend us to that noble-hearted man who in the day of his prosperity is not ashamed to acknowledge the bene- factions received in the dark hours " When friends were few and fortune frowned !" In the letter quoted above, (the reader must devour the whole of it; see Southey *s Life and Correspondence,) Southey, to his lasting honour, tells his friend, " You are in the habit of preserving your letters, and if you were not, I would entreat you to preserve this, that it might be seen hereafter." The reader will now understand that our transcriptiona have been made from a sense of duty (accompanied with much pleasure) to both writer and recipient. In the same generous spirit he writes to .John May: '■ You ought to become acquainted with my old friend Joseph Cottle, the best-hearted of men. . . . Become acquainted with one who has a larger portion of original goodness than falls to the lot of most men." — S>2>t. 15, 1827. " Cnttle pol'lished my Joan of Arc in 1796, and there are very few who fiiti'itjiin a warmer regard for me than he has done from that t\ui>r:"—L,(!rr to Charles Swain, Oct. 27. 18.30. We trust we have no reader who will complain of the length of this article, consecrated to two of the noblest feelings of the human breast — to Friendship aud Grati- tude! " If such there breathe, go mark him well, For him no Minstrel raptures swell." Cotton, Bartholemew de. Monk of Norwich. An- nales Ecelesiiie Norwicensis, 1042-1295, et Historia de Episcopis Norw., ad an. 1299. Accedunt continuatio his- torian ad an. 1446, et successio Episcoporum et priorum. Vide Wharton, Anglia Sacra, 1691. Cotton, Charles, 1630-1687, educated at Cambridge, obtained considerable celebrity as a humorous poet and translator. See a list of his publications in Watt's Bibl. Brit. We notice a few: Devaix's Philos. of the Stoics, 1664. A Voyage to Ireland. Virgil Travestie, 1664-67, and '92, 3 vols. 8vo. Some of Lucian's Dialogues m Eng- lish Fustian, 1675, Svo. " Xothing can be more vulgar, disgusting, or licentious, than his paroilies on Yirgil and Lucian. That they should have been s<^ often repiintod, marks the slow progress of the refinement of public taste during the greatei- part of the eighteenth century." 433 cor The Wonders of the Peake, 1681, Svo. Genuine Works, 1715 Svo. Trans, of Montaigne's Essays, 1759, 3 vols. 8vo.' Poems, ICSS), Svo. Poetical Works, 1765, 12mo; »th eel., 1771, 12mo. j . j Cotton is hoFt known by his addition to his adopted father's (Izaak Walton) Complete Angler. This treatise- How to angle for a Trout or Orayling in a clear stream- was written in ten days. It is often found bound up in the 3d and Ith edits, of the Complete Angler, and was re- printed with every subsequent edit. See an account ot their Fish House, &c. on the river Dove, in Biog. Brit. "It is of stone, and thp room on the inside a cube of ahout fifteen feet: it is paved with black and wliite marlilc. . . . In the ferther corner, on the left, is a fire-place, with a chmine.v ; and on the lieht, a large Ijeaufet with folding-doors, wherein are the por- traits o? Mr. Cotton, with a boy-servant, and Walton. ■■> the die.s of the time: underneath is a cupboard, on the door whereof the ficures of a trout, and also of a gwyling, are well pourtrayed . . Over the door the initial letters of his own name and Is.iac Wal- ton's were placed together in a cypher."-Ao(e to the Compl. Angler, 21st edit, 17S4. Cotton, Clement. Mirror of Martyrs, Lon., 16.il, Svo Convert's Catechism, 1616, Svo. Concordance to the Biliic, 1631, '33, fob; enhirged, Ac. by S.amucl Newman, 1013. Way of Life, 1011, 4to. Cotton, Edward. Loadstone; Phil. Trans., 1067. Cotton, G. E. L., D.D., Lord-Bishop of Calcutta and Metropolitan of India. 1. Doctrine and Practice of Christianity: 3d ed., Lon., 1S53, ISmo. 2. Short Prayers for Public Schools; 5lh ed., 1864, ISmo. 3. Seven Serms., 1855, fp. Svo. 4. Serins., 1S5S, cr. Svo. „„,,...., Cotton, Henry, D.C.L.. Archdeacon of Casheb Listof Edits, of the Bible and Parts thereof in English, 150D-182U, Ac , Lon., 1821, 8vo;2ded.,enlarged,lS52,Svo. SeeLEWls,J. ■' Evidently the result of deep research, and drawn up with great care.*' — IJorm's Introduction. .... .. '• Vcrv complete. . . . The most valualile part is the Appendix, in which Mr. Cotton gives spei-i.nens of all the early translations of the Scriptures into English: besides accurate descriptions of the several scarce fditlons. The author has avaded himself of the previous labours of Lewis, Ducarel, (or rather Tutet,) and Gilford, Crutwell, .and Newcome."— Orme's BiH. ISib. ■• This and Lewis's Hist, of Enp. Trans, give the fullest accounts of the points on which they treat."— Bidersffi/is nrutian Student. The Typographical Gazetteer. 0.\f., 1S25, Svo ; 2d ed., enlarged, 1831 . Mem. of a French trans, of the N. Testa- ment," Lon., 1827, Svo. '< Dr Kidder's pamphlet having become extremely rare, ur. l^ot- ton has rendered a valuable service to the Protestant cause by re- nrintin" it, with some corrective notes: and he has prefixed an totortsting bibliographical memoir on the Bordeaux New TeBt«r meut." — Hornets Introduction. The Five Books of Maccaliees in English, with Notes and riustrations, Oxf., 1832, Svo. "Dr Cotton has for the fir^ time given an English translation ' of what are called the fnorth and fifth books: ami h,. sui .vsslully adapted the stvb- and l:ii.-ua-e of liis v.-rsion t.. tli.is,- of h- pn- | ceding books, as closely as was lonsisteiit ivitli ii cii-elnl adhercn.-o to the original.'' — Ibid. ,t . ^ .v A Short Explan. of Obsolete Words in our Version of the Bible, Ac., Oxf.. 1S32, 12mo. Fasti Ecclesitc Hihernic-B: The Succession of the Prelates and Members of the Cathedral Bodies in Ireland, Dubl., 1845-50. 4 vols. Svo. Rhemes and Doway : An Attempt to Shew what has been done by R. Catholics for the Ditfusion of the Holy Scriptures in Eng- lish, Oxf.. 1855, Svo. , „ „, „ "A most valuable contribution to Biblical bibliography. —1. U. HORNE, D.I)., in a hUerto the author of this Dictionary, Aup. SI, 1858. Cotton, J. D. L,achryma! Elegiaca!, Ac., 1765, 4to. Cotton, John, 1585-1652, a native of Derby, Eng- nd, edncated at Trinity and Emanuel College, Cambridge, . _ , __ 1.:^ nciU ...:..: 1'.,.^.. ..C TJ...c.t,.,i ,„ T.ino^l,i_ laUu, t.m^.^ 1^1.1 I, ........•, J " — 0-' - ,:■ ' . became in his 2Sth year minister of Boston in Linc(Jn- ] shire. Having adopted the principles of the Puritans, he emigrated to Boston, Mass., and spent the rest of his days in America. He was eminent for profound learning and devoted piety. He pub. many theological works, the most celebrated of which were in defence of the interference of the civil power in support of the truth. In this position he found a powerful antirgouist in Roger Williams. Cot- ton's Letter concerning the power of the Magistrate in matters of Religion was answered by W. in 1614, in The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the cause of conscience. This elicited Cotton's Bloody Tenet washed .and made •white in the Blood of the Lamb, 1647. Williams rejoined in The Bloody Tenet yet more bloody by Mr. Cotton's en- deavour to wash it white in the Blood of the Lamb, 1652. A Discourse about Civil Government in a New Plantation, Ac, was pub. in Camb., 1663, sm. 4to, under Cotton's name, but it was really the proiliietion of John Davenport of New Haven Colony. 'This book is so rare, that a copy in sheets sold in Now York in 1847 for $14 50. Cotton's youngest daughter married Increase Mather. See Mather's r- - COT Ma.'nalia ; Norton and Mather's Life of Cotton ; Neal's N. E.; Hutchinson; Winthrop; Mass. Hist. ColL; AUen 3 Amcr. Biog. Diet. Cotton, John, 1640-1609, minister at Plymouth, Mass., son of the preceding, revised and corrected Eliot 3 Indian Bible, printed at Cambridge in 1685. Cotton, John, d. 1757, in the 64th year of his age, minister of Newton, M.ass., great-grandson of the first- named John Cotton. Serms., 1728, '29, '34 '39, '53 Cotton, John, d. 17S9, aged 77, first minister of Halifax Mass., great-grandson of the first-named John Cotton. ' Two Serms., 1757. Baptism. Hist, of Plymouth Cotton, Josiah, 16S0-1756, father of the preceding, compiled and left in MS. a copious English and Indian Vocabulary. He had four sons who were ministers. ^ Cotton, Nathaniel, 1707-1788, an English physi- cian and poet, was noted for his skill in the treatment of insanity, and had a private establishment for lunatics. Obs. on Sc:irlet Fever, Lon., 1749. Svo. Visions in Verse, 1761 '64 Works in Prose and Verse, 1791, 2 vols. 12mo. Marriage, a Vision; being an addit. to J. Macgowen on Marriage, 1811, Svo. » „f .i.^ '■ He i1 truly a Dhilosopher, according to my judgment ot the char.acter, every tittle of his knowledge in natural subjects being connected in his mind with the firm belief in an omnipotent agent. — Cowper; who had been Dr. C.'s patient. Cotton, It. v., M.D. On Consumption: its Nature, Symptoms, and Treatment. To which Essay was awarded the Fothcrgillian Gold Medal of the Medical Society of London. Lon., 1852, Svo. ■• Notwithstanding the hackneyed nature of the subject, and the multitude of works which have appeared upon phthisis, the present work is of verv considerable interest, from the clear and simple manner in which it is arranged, and from the use made by the author of the ample materials placed at his disposal at the Brouiptou Hospital."— J/erfic.i! T'mra. . , r. ■ a Phthisis and the Stethoscope : a concise Practical Guide to the Physical Diagnosis of Consumption, 1851, fp. Svo. Cotton, Richard Lynch, D.D. Provost of Wor- cester College, Oxford, formerly Vicar of Denchworth. The Way of SaIv.ation, a series of Serms., Oxf., 1837, Svo. Cotton, Sir Robert Bruce, 1570-1631, an emi- nent antiqu,ary, a native of Denton, Huntingdonshire, Init a descendant of Robert Bruce, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was created a knight upon the accession of James I., and was highly esteemed by the king and principal statesmen, who often solicited his ad- vice. In 1629 he was .arrested and confined in the Tower, in eonsenuence of a manuscript, which proposed a plan by which the king could enslave his subjects, being traced to his library. It was the production of Sir Roliert Dudley, and Sir Robert Cotton seems to have been unconscious even of its possession. Upon his innocence being made ap- parent, he was released, and his liberty restored to him. This was a severe blow to the excellent man, and he never regained his strength of body or cheerfulness of mind. " When 1 went several times to visit and comfort him in the year 1630. he would tell me ' they had broken his heart that had locked up his library from him.' He was so outworn, within a few months, with anguish and grief as his face, which had been f. irmerly ruddy and well coloured, (such as the picture 1 have of hm shows,) was wholly changed into a grim blackish paleness, near to the resem- blance and hue of a dead visage."— Sir Simonds D Ewes. He died of a fever at Westminster in the next year. His noble library, the fruit of many years' collections, re- ceived augmentations from his son and grandson, and was deposited in the British Museum in 1753. It had suffered severely from a fire in 1731. Its inestimable value is too well known to require any enlargement upon the subject. Sir Robert wrote many historical, antiquarian, and poli- tical treatises. For a particular account of them, see re- ferences below. Wo notice a few: Life and Raigno of Henry III. of England, 1627, 4to. A Treatise against Recusants, in Defence of the Oath of Allegiance, 1641, 4to. Warrs with Foreign Princes dangerous to our Common- wealth, 1657, Svo. Abridgt. of the Records (Rolls of Par- liament) in the Tower, with addits. by Win. Prynne, 16o7, 2 vols fol. Narrative of Count Gondomar's Trajisactions during his Embassy to England, 1659, 4to. The King's Revenue. Discourse of Foreign War, 1690, Svo. Many of his Pieces will be found in Hearne's Discourses, and also in Cottoni Posthuma: Divers choice Pieces of that renowned Antiquary, ,'iir Robert Cotton, by J. (.araes) H. (owell.) Lon., 1051, '72, '79, Svo. Also refer to Biog. Brit. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. : Lowndes's Bibl. Manual ; Pref. to Planta's Cottonian Cat., 1S02, fob; Life prefixed to Dr. .'Smith's Cat,, 1696; Nichols's Leicestershire; Hist, ot Hinckley; Life of Bowycr: Bridgmnn's Legal Uibl.j t,cnt. Mag., 1767; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Cunningbam 3 Biog. COT Hist. ; Dihdin's Bibliomania. For a recent description of the Cottoninn Library, see the excellont Ilanil Book to the library of the Brit. Museum, by Richard Sims, Lon., 185-1, ISmo. It may be said without '• Ex.heu. The Militant Christian, 1781, 12mo. Coventry, Andrew, M.D., d. 1830, was Professor of Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh. Discourse explanatory of the nature and plan of a course of lectures on Agriculture and Rural Economy, Edin., 1808, Svo. Observations on Live Stock, in a letter to Henry Clive, Esq., Svo. Notes on the culture and cropping of Arable Land, 1812, Svo. '■ The professional life of the author was distinguished by much sound inf.irmatiou and a very discreet judgment."— /)o»Mlh numbers the enthusiasm of the greater ode. and lln- iravt-ty of the less; that he was i-qually 'inalified for sprightly sallit-s and fur lofty flights; that hr wasaniung those who freed translation from servility, and, instead nf fn|]nwiiig his author at a distance, walked by his side; and that, if he left versification yet improvable, he left likewise, from time to time, such specimens of excellence as enabled succeeding poets to improve it.*' Read an eloquent paper by Mr. Macaulay in his Miscel- lanies, entitled A Conversation between Mr. Abraham Cowley and Mr. John Milton, touching the great Civil War: set down by a Gentleman of the Middle Temple. Cowley, Haiinah, 17-i;j-lS09, the daughter of Philip Parkhouse, of Tivoiton, in Devonshire, was married in her 25th year to Captain Cowley, of the East India Com- pany. In 1776 she produced the Runaway, a Comedy, which met with such success as to encourage her to further attempts. Her works principally consist of dramatic pieces: among which are Who's the Dupe? 1779; The Belle's Stratagem, 1780 ; A Bold Stroke for a Hu.sband, Ac. See a list of her 14 pieces in Biog. Draniat. Her Poems, The Maid of Arragon, The Scottish Village, and the Siege of Acre, have been highly commended. An edit, of her AVorks. with a memoir, was pub. in 1S13, 3 vols. Svo. "In her writings, nothing was laboured; all was spontaneous effusion: she had nothing of the drudge of literature; and fame was not half as much her object as the pleasure of composition." — Bioy. Dramatica. Cowley, J. Sailor's Companion, Lon., 1740, 12mo. Cowley, John L. Geometry made Easy, Lon., 1752, Svo ; new ed., by Wm. Jones, 1787. On Comets, 1757, Svo, App. to Euclid's Elements, 1759, 4to. Theory of Per- spective Demonstrated, 1766, 4to. Cowper, Allau. Assize Sermon, 1722, Svo. Cowper, Charles. Sermon, Lon., ]763, 4to. Cowper, Henry. Reports of Cases C. K. B., Lon., 1783, fol. ; 2d ed., 1800, 2 vols. Svo. 1st Amcr. ed., Bost., 1809, 2 vols. ; N. York, 2 vols, in 1, by J. P. Hall, 1833. '*A very accurate and v.iluable collection." Cowper, James, M.D. Narrative of the efiects of a celebrated niedi(_ine, Lon., 1760, Svo. CoAvper, John. Sermon, 1752, Svo. Cowper, Robert. See Couper. Cowper, Spencer, D.D., 1713-1774, second son of the Lord High Chancellor Cowper, was educated at Exeter College, Oxford. Uo became Rector of Fordwich, Pre- ! bendary of Canterbury, and Dean of Durham. Speech, ' 1752, 4to. Serm., 1753, 4to. Discourse, 1773, Svo. Dis- sertation on the distinct Powers of Reason and Revelation, 1773, Svo. Cowper, William, 1566-1619, Bishop of Galloway, was educated at the University of St. Andrews. Before his elevation to the episcopate, he preached 8 years at Bothkennar, in Sterlingshire, and 19 years at Perth. His works, consisting of serms., expositions of the 51st and 119th Psalms, and theolog. treatises, pub. 1611, '12. '13, '14, '16, and '18, were collected in 1623, fol. This vol, in- cludes a Comment, on Revelation, then first pub. His sermons have been highly praised: " Perhaps superior to any sermous of that age. A vein of pi-ac- tical piety runs through all his evangelical instructions; the style is remarkable for ease and fluency ; and the illustrations are strik- ing and happy."— Dr. McCbie. '■ Dr. McCrie's character of the sermons will apply to the expo- sitions." — Orme. '•An excellent writer — full of devotion, ChristLiu experience, and consolation." — Bickeksteth. Cowper, AVilliam. Catalogue of the Chemical Works written in English; in 3 parts, Lon., 1672, '75, Svo. Co'wper, William. Charge at the General Quarter Sessions of the City and Liberty of Westminster, Oct. 19, 1719. Svo. The same, April, 1730, Svo. The same, June, 1736. Svo. Cow^jer, William, 1666-1709, a surgeon and anato- mist of eminence, was a native of Hampshire. Myotamia Reformata ; or A New Administration of all the Muscles of the Human Body, Lon., 1694, Svo; an edit, by Dr. 1 Mead, with an Introduction on Muscular Motion. 1724. The Anatomy of Human Bodies: illustrated with 114 cop- ': per-plates, Oxf., ]69S, fol. The publication of this work ' led to a warm controversy with Godfrey Bidloo, the Ger- : man anatomist. The latter accused Cowper of using his plates. Cowper contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., I 1694, '96, 1702. '03, '05, '12. CoAvper, William, M.D., d. 1767, practised physic at Chester. England. Life of St. Werburgh, 1749, 4to. This is said to have been stolen from the MSS. of Mr. Stone. The Doctors Cowper seem to have had a propensity for availing themselves of the labours of others : see above. II Penseroso, 1767, 4to. Dr. C. prepared materials for his- tories of the town and county of Chester, but death pre- vented the comjilction of his labours. I Cowper, William, 1731-lSOO, one of the most emi- ' nent of English poets, was the son of the Rev. John Cow- I per. Chaplain to Geo. II.. and Rector of Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, where the subject of our memoir was born on the 26th of November. His grandfather was the dis- tinguished lion. Spencer Cowper, Chief Justice of Chester, ! and Judge in the Court of Common Pleas, and brother to Earl Cowper, Lord High Chancellor of England, William j Cowper, deprived of a mother's care at the early age of six I years, was placed at the boarding-school of Dr, Pitnam, Market street, Bedfordshire, where he remained Jbr two I years. There being reason to fear that some unfavourable 1 symptoms would result in a loss of sight, he resided for cow cow two years in the house of a female oculist of great repu- tation. When ten years of age he was sent to "Westminster School, where he remained for seven years, leaving with a character for scholarship, especially in the classics. The timid, sensitive character of the poet was but little suited for the rude conflicts to which school-boys are often sub- jected, and a portion of this season of life was embittered to Cowper by a tyranny upon the part of a senior scholar of the most intolerable character. Having selected the profession of the law, Cowper was now articled for three years to a Mr. Chapman, a solicitor of some eminence. How assiduously ho devoted himself to Blackstone, and with what pleasing tliraldom he submitted to the tenures of Coke, may be gathered from the following honest con- fession to his cousin. Lady Hesketh: " I did actually live three years with Mr. Chapman, a solicitor; that is to say, I slept three years in his house; but I lived, that is to say. I spent my days, in Southampton Kow. as you very well reme'mher. There w.is I. and the future Lord Chancellor, (Thur- low. I constantly employed from morning till night in giggling and making giggle, instead of studying law." With such an apprenticeship, we need not be surprised that, when at the age of 21 he took possession of a set of chambers in the Temple, he neither sought business, nor business sought him. It was at this c:irly period of his Ufo that we first find strongly-marked indications of that ter- rible mental malady, which to a greater or less degree held its victim all his lifetime "subject to bondage" of the most fearful and tormenting character. Upon this extremely painful subject but little can be said — but little can he ex- pected — in the brief limits to which we are confined. "We must, however, be allowed to enter our most decided pro- test against the strange misapprehension — grounded upon ! a deplorable ignorance both of the effects of religion, and i of the mental characteristics of Cowper — that the derange- ment of this gifted man was either originated, developed, or increased, by theological truths or theological errors. | The contrary to this has been often asserted au'l denied ' at great length, and truly, we marvel as mu(di at the un- | necessary prolixity of those who adopt and support the negative, as we wonder at the obtuseness of those, who, professing a knowledge of Cowper's mental history, stereo- type their simidicity or dishonesty, l>y charging religion with the unhappy gloom which enshrouds the halo of one of the brightest suns of England's literary firmament. Why should apologists waste the elaboration of argument and fervours of eloquence upon a cause which unadorned chronology can settle in a few lines decisively and forever? If we cannot take Cowper's own testimony, we know not whose should be admitted, for "What man knoweth the things of a man save the spirit of a man?" We assert then, first, that Cowper's derangement was not in the most remote degree to be attributed to religious im- pressions of any kind, true or erroneous. We assert, secondly, that nothing but the soothing, re- straining, and purifying influences of religion stood for forty years between William Cowper and the madman's cell, or the suicide's grave. In support of these assertions, we appeal to the whole mental history of the unhappy poet, to his own experience, and to the testimony of those true friends whose unwearied kindness mitigated his suffer- ings, ministered to his necessities, augmented his comforts, and smoothed his dying pillow. Before leaving this sub- ject, however, we will adduce one or two facts of simple chronology, which may correct the misapprehensions of some who lack time for the examination of the voluminous testimony to which we have appealed. Cowper informs us that in his earlier yenrs (and long after) he was entirely ignorant of any experience of a re- ligions character, and even neglectful of the ordinary duties of prayer and attendance upon public worship. Vvhilst a etudent of law, he never attended church, unless when visiting at his uncle's: " By this means I had indeed an opportunitvof seeing the inside of a church, whither I went with the family on Sundays, which probably I should otherwise never have seen." — AutobioQraphi/. It was whilst thus utterly unforgetful of his 'Creator, that '' I was struck, not long ofU^ my stUUment in the Temple, with such a dejection of spirits, as none but they who hare felt the same cm have the Uast cmiception of. Day and night J wan upon the rack, lying down in horror, and rising up in despair." — Ibid. At this time he was about 21 years of age. Undoubtedly this was the commencement of the development of con- stitutional insanity. EUrcn years later he tells us, "To this moment I had Jelt no concern of a spiritual kind. Igno- rant of ori'_'inal sin, insensible of the guilt of actual transgression, 1 understwd neither the law nor the gospel: the condemning nature of the one, nor the restoiing mercies of the other. I was as much unacquainted with Christ, in all his saving offices, as if his blessed name had never reached me. Now, therefore, a new scene opened upon me. Conviction of sin took place, especially of that just committed, [the attempt at suicide;] the meanness of it, as well as its atrocity, were exhibited to me in colours so inconceiva- bly strong, that I despised myself, with a contempt not to be im- agined or expressed, for having attempted it."' — Ibid. We have asserted that religion alone stood between the unhappy man and the grave of the suicide : can we make our affirmation good? Cowper proceeds as foUow.s : " This sensfr of it secured tnefrnm the repetition of a O'lme^ which I could not now reflect on wU/unU horror." — lb. ^ Did religion drive Cowper mad? Hear him further: *• The only thing that could promote and effectuate my cure was yet wanting; an experimental knowledge of the redemption which is in Christ Jesus J" — 10. Does this look like Religious Insanity? This "only thing yet wanting" was graciou-sly imparted to the poor sufferer, — and what was its effect upon him? "The next day I went to church fov the lirst time after my re- covery. Throughoutthe whole service 1 had much to do to restrain my emotions; so fully did I see the beauty and glory of the bard. . . . Such was the goodness of the Lord, that he gave ' the oil of joy for mourning, and the garments of praise for the spirit of hea- viness.'" — lb. ''Hia residence at the Temple extended through eleven years. In 1763 — the last year of that residence— the offices of the Cleik of tUe Journals, Heading Clerk, and Clerk of the Committees in the House of Lords,— all which offices were at the disposal of a cousin of Cowper's, — became vacant about the same time. The last two were conferred on Cowper. His patrimony was by this time well- nigh spent, and the gift was therefore so far acceptable. But the duties attached to the offices of reading-clerk and clerk of the com- mittees were duties which required that he should frequently ap- pear before the House of Li>rd8; and to him, who suffered from ex- treme nervousness, a public exhibition of any kind was, as he himself expresses it, 'mortal poison.' He, therefore, almost imme- diately after having accepted them, resigned those offices and took that of clerk of the jouruals. But here, again, his cousin's right of nomination having been questioned, Covs'per was unexpectedly required to submit himself to an examination at the bar of the House before being allowed to take the office. Thus the evil from which he seemed to have escaped again met him. 'A thunder- bolt,' he writes, in his memoir of himself, 'would have been as welcome to me as this intelligence. ... To require my attendance at the bar of the House, that I might there publicly entitle myself to the office, was in effect to excfude me from it. In the mean time, the interest of my friend, the honour of his choice, my own reputation and circumstances, all urged me forward, all pressed me to undertake that which I saw to be impracticable.' Unce;i3ing was the anguish which he now suffered. Ue even looked forward anxiously to the coming of insanity, — a constitutional tendency to which had manifested itself some years before, — that he might have a reason for throwing up the office; and, when the dreaded day drew near and he found liimself still in possession of his senses, he determined on the commission of suicide. Uis many attempts to destroy himself all failed of success, owing, as he pleased to explain it in his memoir, to direct interpositions of Pro- vidence. The office was ultimately resigned upon the very day appointed for the examination, and shortly afterwards he became insane. He was immediately placed under the care of Dr. Cotton, at St. Alban's, with whom he stayed until his recovery, which took place about eighteen months after, in June, 1765."~iL7»'^A('5 Eng. Cyc, vol. ii., Div. Biography. - ■ ■* He settled at Huntingdon, where he formed an acquaint- ance with the llev. Mr. and Mrs. Unwin, who proved the kindest of friends. He became an inmate of their man- sion ; and, upon the death of Mr. Unwin in I7t)7. he removed with his widow to Olncy, the residence of the Rev. John Xcwtou, who also became an attached and valuable frienil. The value of the judicious ministrations of vigilant affection in cases of mental disorder cannot be too highly estimated. A derangement of a com- paratively trifling character may be tortured to madness or soothed to a repose which precedes restoration, accord- ing to the course of treatment to which the sufferer shall be subjected. IIow weighty, then, the responsibility which devolves upon those to whom the guardianship of the atfiictcd appertains ! For about eight years Cowper's men- tal health was hut little affected; but in 1773 the clouds again settled over his mind, and for a period of ten years it was more or less enveloped in darkness. In 17'.*4 he was again a victim to this horrid malady ; and the death of Mrs. Unwin in 1796 — so long his faithful and devoted nurse — added to his deep despondency. He gazed upon her lifeless form, left the chamber of death, and was never al'terwards once heard to utter her name. In January, ISOO, he betrayed alarming syuipU.ms of declining health, and, on the 25th of April following, his troubles were ended by a change from a world in which he had so long and so acutely suffered to the presence of that almighty Being whom he had humbly served with the best offerings of which a perturbed spirit and distracted mind were capable. All that enlightened human sympathy and de- voted Christian friendship could perform had been zeal- ously lavished upon one whose mental gloom was only to be entirely dissipated by the brightness of that exceliiug 439 cow glory which illumines the City of the living God. Such priceless offices of love, such unwearied, self-sacrificing devotion, can never be forgotten : the names of Unwin, Ilesketh. Austen, Johnson, Hayley. and Rose, must be closely connected with the memory of William Cowper, so long as the noblest qualities which adorn humanity are valued among men. Having thus taken a rapid view of the character of the man, we now proceed to a brief con- sideration of the author. Few men who commenced authorship at so late a period 'of life have attained so large a measure of popularity in their lifetime. When Cowper's first volume was given to the world, he had seen more than fifty years. He lacked, therefore, what had been considered almost indispensable to the character of a poet — inexperience of the world, and that freshness of feeling and fervour of thought which are supposed to accompany the earlier stages of life. The Eubjects, too, of his first volume, (1782. Svo,) were of too didactic a character to arouse or gratify public curiosity or literary interest. But little to charm the imagination, or delit'ht the fancy, could be expected from the discussion of The" Progress of Error, Truth, Table Talk, Expostula- tion, Uope, Charity, Ac. It was evident, indeed, that " Wisdom had prepared her Feast and uttered her Voice," but until the nature of man changes, she must continue to " lift up her voice in the streets, and cry in the chief places of concourse," ere she can gather around her the very few who prefer instruction to amusement, and moral improve- ment to mental dissipation. But the applause of a few sages was more valuable than the indifference of the children of the world ; and Cowpcr was more delighted at having pleased Johnson and Frank- lin, than he would have been with the applause of Holland House, and the adulation of half the fashionable assem- blies of London. Mr. Hayley gives us his own opinion of the merits of the volume in these words : " It exhibits such a diversity of poetical powers as have been given very rarely indeed to any individual of the modern or of the ancient world." By the influence of Lady Austen, who had previously elicited the famous ballad of John Gilpin. Cowper was induced to commence a new poem — The Task, which was pub. in 1785. Its success was immediate, and almost un- bounded. There were few, however opposed in their tastes, who could not find something to charm them in the many pleasing pictures and graphic sketches presented in this volume. " The Task is a poem of such infinite variety, that it seems to Include every subject and every style, without any dissonance or disorder; and to h,ave flowed, without effort, from inspired philan- thropy, easier to impress upon the hearts of all readers wliateyer may lead them most happily to the full enjoyment of human life, and to the final attainment of Heaven."— IIatiey. " It is impossible to describe this fine poem better than by say- ing that it treats, in a masterlv wav. of all that affects us here, or influences us hereafter; that it pleads the cause of the poor and the desolate in the presence of the rich : admonishes the rich of their duty to their country, their cotters, and their God ; takes the senate to task; shakes the scourije nf undving verse over the pulpit; holds a mirror before tin- iin.fliiiacy ..f citi.'s till Ibcy shud- der at their own shadow, and .xliil.its t.. the bills ,ind dales of the country, an image of the fnlliis of (b.ir sons and daughters. — Allan Cunninoham: £/o!7.((«'/ 'ViV. //(.rf../ ii(. "Of all the verses that have be.-ii ever devnt.'d to the subject of domestic happiness, those in his Winter Evcjuiiig. at the opening of the fourth book of The Task, are perhaps the most beautiful. In perusing that scene of 'intimate delights,' 'fire-side enjoy- ments,' and ' home-born happiness,' we seem to recover a part of the forgotten value of existence, when we recognise the means of its blessedness so widelv dispensed and so cheaply attainable, and find them susceptible of description at once so enchanting and so feithful."— Campbell: Bsnvo" ^'if''-"'' ''"•'''!'• '• It contains a number of pictures of domestic comfort and so- cial refinement which can hardly be forgotten but with the lan- guage itself." Cowper's next production was the Tirocinium, intended, as he tells us, , , . ^^ "To censure the want of discipline, and the scandalous inatten- tion to morals, that obtain in public schools, especually in the largest." &c. In the same year, (1784,) ho commenced his translation of Homer, which was completed and pub. in 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Not entirely satisfied with his performance, he commenced a revision in 1792, and devoted his leisure time for several years to the corrected version. It was pub. in 1802, 4 vols. 8vo, bv J. .lohnston. Very different opinions arc enter- tained' both of the merit of the translation generally, and of the respective excellencies or defects of the earlier and later versions. Mr. Southey greatlv prefers the former : " The version he composed when his faculties were most active, and his spirits least subject to depression, ought notjo b^ siipw 6eded by a revisal, or rather reconstruction, " ' ^ '440 , undertaken tliree COW years before his death; not like the first translation, 'a pleasant work, an innocent luxury.' but ' a hopeless eniploymeut.' a task to which he gave ' all his miserable days and often many hours of the night.' " . . Dr. Clarke appears to be of a different opinion : "For fidelity, accuracy, and the true poetical fire, this corrected edition of Cowper's Translation stands yet unrivalled." Mr. Croker remarks that " It is the fashion to call Cowper's translation ' a miserable fail- ure.' but the more one reads it the lietter it seems to represent the original than any other." "We admire Mr. Cowper's abilities; some passages are executed with great taste and spirit, and those that were difflcult he has happily elucidated, "—ioa. Crilical Bmmj. "1 Ion" to know your opinion of Cowper's translation. The Odyssey, especially, is surelv very Homeric. What nobler than theappearanco of I'ha'bus at the beginning of the Iliad— lines ending with 'llre.ad sounding-bounding on the silver bow'? "— Oiarlrs Lamb ti: O'lfriJge. j ,.. , ,v "That til.' traosl;itinn is a great deal more close and literal than any that had iir.viniislv been attempted in English verse, probably will not be disputed by those who are the least disposed to admire it- that the style into which it is translated is a true English style, though not pt'rhaps a very elegant or poetical one, may .also be as- sumed; but we are not sure that a rigid and candid criticism will go farther in its commcud.ation." — Lord Jeffrey : £din. Jicv., ii. 85. It is useless to venture any suppositions as to the cha- racter which his intended life and edition of Milton would have assumed. Certainly few men have been better quali- fied for so arduous a task. Of Cowper's minor poems, perhaps the best known are the Lines addressed to his Mother's picture, .and that in- scribed to Mary, his faithful friend and nurse Mrs. Unwin. The fDlney Hymns, written in conjunction with Kev. John Newton, have had a wide circulation, and doubtless proved very useful. In 1803, '04, Mr. Hayley pub. A Life, and the Posthumous Writings of Cowper, Chichester, 3 vols. 4to. "The little Mr. Hayley writes in these volumes is by no means well written, [but] with a very amiable gentleness of temper, and with the strongest appearance of a sincere veneration and aHeo tion for the departed friend to whose memory it is consecrated."— Lord Jeffrey. In 1806 Mr. Hayley added Supplementary Pages to the Life of Cowper, Chichester, 4to. In 1824 his Private Cor- respondence with several of his most intimate friends, from the originals in the possession of his kinsman. Mr. John- son, appeared in 2 vols. 8vo. A complete edition of his Works, Correspondence, and Translations, with a Life of the Author, edited by Robert Southey, was pub. in 15 vols. p. Svo. A new ed., with additional Letters, in Bohn'B Standard Library, 8 vols., plates. " There is no one among our living writers who unites research, taste, and sincerity, (the three great requisites of a biographer,) so delightfully as Dr. Southey; and it is almost superfluous to sav that his work is as readable for its anecdotes and contempo- rary sketches, as for its clear, manly, and eloquent style."— Xon. Athcnfntm. . , ,_ ,x. .^ , " It is hardly too much to say that it derives nearly half its value from the labours of the editor and biographer." , . . " In the Life of the Poet, Dr. Southey has introduced much of the Literary History of Engkind during half a century, with bio- graphical sketches of many of his contemporaries." The Rev. T. S. Grimshawe, author of the Life of Rev. Legh Richmond, pub. an edit, of the Works, Letters, and Life, in 183."^, Lon., 8 vols. Svo; new edit., 1847, 8 vols. Svo, and also an edit, in 1 vol. r. Svo. "Mr Grimshawe's labours are not only recommended by the power his relationship to Dr. Johnson placed in his hands, but by the deep concern he takes in every thing which regards the essen- tial and beautiful parts of Cowper's character."— JVonoicA Jfcrcury. We notice some other editions. Cowper's Poems, with a Memoir of the Author, by John McDiarmid, Edin., ISmo. "The iMemoir has the merit of being written with remarkable critical acumen, of delineatinir the character of Cowpcr with accu- racy, and of including, stripped of all Ixiok-making periphrases, the whole course of the poet's life, agitated as it was by acute ment.al sufferings."— Coi/rf jl/,i9a,-.>if. Cowper's Works, with Life, by Dr. Memes, Glasg., 185i, 12mo. , ., " The Memoir greatly surpasses, in philosophical accuracy, the former estimates of Cowper's Life. The editor is evidently a stu- dent of human nature, under all the varieties of physical and moral causes bv which it may be affected. He is also a cleai-. good writer, who. understanding his subject, expresses himself mth equal beauty and precision."— £i'anjclicti! Mtiganrte. To these may be added Memoirs, Essays, Ac. by Nico- las. Gre.afheed, Stcbbins, Cary, Dwight. Ac. The Letters of Cowper have gained him as much repu- tation as liavo the most favourite passages of his poetry. On this theme it were easy to enlarge, but we must rest content with a citation from one of the greatest masters of our tongue : „ .,_ ^ _* " I have always considered the letters of Mr. Cowper as the finest specimen of (he epistolary style in our language. . . . To an air ol inimitable ease and carelessness they unite a high degree of cor- reotiicis. such as could result only from the clearest intellect, com- bined with the most finished taste. I have scarcely found a single cox cox word which is capable of beinp exchanged for a better. Literary errors I can discern none. The SfU'ction of words, and the con- struction of periods, are inimitable; they present as striking a contrast as can well be conceived to the turpd verbosity which passes at present for fine writing, and which bears a great resem- blance to the degeneracy which marks the style of Ammianus Marcellinus, as compared to that of Cicero or of Livy. In my humble opinion, the study of Cowper's prose may on this account be as useful in forming the taste of young people as his poetry." — Jiev. Robert Hail to Bev. Dr. Johvs'm. The reader should peruse an article, nominally a review of Thomas Taylor's Life of Cowper, by Mr. W. B. 0. Pea- body, in the North American Review for January, 1834. Also see articles by Lord Jefirey, in the Edinburgh Re- view, vols. ii. 64, and iv. 273 ; two reviews in the London Quarterly Review, vols. xvi. 116, and xxx. 185. To these may be added the articles in the N. American Review, by W. Phillips, ii. 233 ; H. Ware, xix. 435, and E. T. Chan- ning. sliv. 29. Also consult the Life, Dissertation, and Notes, in the new ed. of Cowper's Poetical Works, by Rev. George Gilfillan, 1854, 8vo. A few brief extracts from two or three eminent authori- ties must conclude an article already sufficiently extended : '*0f Cowper how shall I express myself in adequate terms of admiration? The purity of his principles, the tenderness of bis heart, his unaffected and zealous piety, his warmth of devotion, (however tinctured at times with gloom and despondency,) the delicacy and playfulness of his wit, and the singular felicity of his diction, all conspire by turns 'To win the wisest, warm the coldest heart.' " Cowper is the poet of a well-educated and well-principled Eng- lishman. ' Home, sweet home' is the scene — limit*.'d as it may be imagined — in which he contrives to concentrate a thousand beau- ties, which others have scattered far and vvide upon objects of less interest and attraction. His pictures are. if I may so speak, con- ceived with all the tenderness of Kaflaelle, and executed with all the finish and sharpness of Teniers. No man, in such few words, tells his tale, or describes his scene, so forcibly and so justly. Ills views of nature are less grand and less generalized than those of Thomson : and here, to caiTy on the previous mode of comparison, I should say that Thomson was the Gaspar Poussin. and Cowper the Hobbima of rural poetry. . . . The popularity of Cowper gains strength as it gains age : and. after all, he is the poet of our study, our cabinet, and our alcove." — Dr. IHudin. '• Uis language has such a masculine idiomatic strength, and his manner, whether he rises into grace or falls into negligence, has so much plain and familiar freedom, that we read no poetry with a deeper conviction of its sentiments having come from the author's heart, and of the enthusiasm, in whatever he describes, having been unfeigned and un exaggerated, lie impresses us with the idea of a being whose fine spirits had been long enough in the mixed society of the world to be polished by its intercourse, and yet withdrawn so soon as to retain an unworldly degree of sim- plicity and purity." — Thomas Campbeil. " The great merit of this writer appears to us to consist in the boldness and originality of his compositions, and in the fortunate audacity with which he has carried the dominion of poetry into regions that had been considered as inaccessible to her ambition. ... He took as wide a range in language, too. as in matter; and shaking off the tawdry incumbrance of that poetical diction which had nearly reduced the art to the skilful collocation of a set of appointed phrases, he made no scruple to set down in verso every expression that would have been admitted in prose, and to take advantage of all the varieties with which our language could supply him.'* — Lord .Jeffrey. Cox, Dr. 1. Med. Discourses. 2. Discourse against Apothecaries, Lon.. If)fi6, '69, Svo. Co\, Dr. Medical Compendium. Ac, 180S. Cox, Mrs, .Joseph ; a Poem. 1783, 12mo. Cox, or Coxe, Beuj. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1645, *46. 4to. Cox, D. Address to Dissenters, 1807, 12mo. Cox, Daniel, M.D. Prof, treat., &c., 1753. '57/58, 8vo. Cox, David. Landscape Painting and Effect in Wa- ter Colours. Lon., 1814. fol. Highly esteemed. Cox,E.W. Registration ofVoters' Act, Lon., lS43.12mo. Cox, F. A., li.D. Christian Knowledge. Lon., 1806, Svo. Life of Melancthou, 1815, 8vo; 1817, Svo. "Correct in narrative, forcible in argunu-ntatinn.ic." — BHt. Jifv. Female Scripture Biography. 1817 : 1852. 2 vols. Svo. On Baptism, Svo. On the Book of Daniel, 183.3, 12mo. "A very useful manual." — Lon. Cmiffreff'itinnal Mag. Our Young Men : a Prize Essay, isSS, 12mo. "A word in season to young men in every grade of Society." — Evangel. Mag. Mr. C. has written some other theological treatises. Cox, George. Chemical Delectus, 2d ed.. 1844, 32mo. Spectable Secrets. 2d ed.. 1844, 12mo. Agricultural Che- mistry. Lon., 1844, p. Svo. "The author discusses aeriform matters, salts, acids, &c.. but fails to estab]if;h any fact for practical adoption. This is the lault of all chemical essays." — Donaldso/t's AgricuU. Biog. Cox, Capt. Hiram. Journal of a Residence in the Eurman Empire, Ac, Lon., 1821. Svo. Cox, Sir J. H. Letters on Catholic Claims, 1S12. Cox, James, D.D. Conjugal Affection: a Poem, 1813, Svo. Cox,James, D.D. TithoCommutatioDS,Lon.,1838,Svo. Cox, John. Dialecticon Vivi boni et literati de veri- tate et Nntura atque Substantia corporis et sanguinis Christi in Eucharistia, Lon., 1557, Svo. Cox, Johu. Trans, of H. BuUinger's Exhortation to the Ministers of God's Word, Jcc, Lon., 1575, Svo. Cox, Johu E. Protestantism contrasted with Roman- ism, Lon., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. Trans, of Dr. H. Olshausen's Com. on 1st and 2d EpisL to the Corinthians j Vol. xx. of Clark's For. Theol. Library. "A superior help to the study of those two important epistles.'' — British Banner. Cox, John H, Harmony of the Scriptures, Lon., 1823, Svo. Highly commended. Jesus shewing Mercy, 18mo. "A most useful book to be put into the hands of young con- verts." — Christum Guardian. Cox, John S. Two Serms.,with Notes, Lon.,1835,12mo. "These are sensible and sound discourses, which we recom- mend to all lover.s of orthodoxy.'' — Chris. Bememb. Cox, Joseph. Narrative rel. to Thief-takers, 1756, Svo. Cox, Joseph M., M.D. Insanity, 1804, Svo. Cox, Leonard. See Cockes. Cox, 3Iichacl, Bishop of Ossory, 1743; Archbishop of Cashel. 1751. Sermon, Duhl., 1748, 4to. Cox, Nicholas. The Gentleman's Recreation, in four Parts, viz. : Hunting, Hawking, Fowling, Fishing, 1674, Svo; fith ed., 1721. Cox, Oweu. Intelligence from Ireland, 1642, 4to. Cox, Kichard, 1499-15S1, educated at Eton and King's College. Cambridge, became Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and Dean of Westminster. On the accession of Mary he was imprisoned. In 1559 he was made Bishop of Ely. He trans, for the "Bishops' Bible" the four Gospels, the Acts, and the Epistle to the Romans. He also a.-^sisted in the Cuiiipilation of the Liturgy, 4c. Cox, Richard. Sl-i' ('hancii, William. Cox, Sir Kichard, 165i.l~1733, was created Chancellor of Irelandin 1703. Hibernia Anglicana; or the History of Ireland from the Conquest to the present time, Lon., 1689, 2 vols. fol. Compiled chiefly from the accounts of Sir Johu Temple and Dr. Borlase. An Imiuiryinto Religion, Lon., 1711. Svo. Linen Manufactory, Dubl.. 1749. Cox, Robert. Action and Diana, with a pastoral Storse of the Nimph Oenone, &c., Lon., 1566, 1656, 4to. In Eras. Kirkman's. The Wits, or Sport upon Sport. "Cox was an excellent comedian, who lived in the reign of King Charles I." See Itiog. Dramat. Cox, Robert. Hist, of an Old Pocket Bible. Lon., 1S13, Svo. Narratives of the Lives of some of the most eminent Fathers, &c., 1817, Svo. Horas Romans, or an Attempt to elucidate St. Paul's Epist. to the Romans, by an original Trans., r. Coxe's Introduction. Impressions of England, N.Y., 1856, 12ino. Dr. Coxe lias published Sermons on Doctrine and Duty, 1855. •■ They .^l■e remarkably able and elaiuent. and discuss a variety of subjects. The spirit throuKhout is eminently thristian and persuasive, and all may Ik- read with pleasure and with protit Coxe, Daniel, M.D. Discourses and papers in i-hil. Trims., 1074; Alkaline Seeds; Sea Sandj Volatile bait from Veget.-iblcs. ... Tr„ Coxe, Daniel, resided 11 years in America. lie claimed the territory of Georgi.i, Florida, and Louisiana under his father's purchase. Description of Carolina, lion., 1722, '27, '41, 8vo. . . , j " A crude performance, drawn up from various journals and voyages to impress the public with the great importance of the rerion described, and to make them jealous of its occupation by the French." See N. .American Review, ii. 1. Collection of Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1741, 8vo. Coxe, Edward. 1. Miss. Poetry. 2. Valentino, 1805, Coxe, Eliza A. Liberality and Prejudice, a Noyel, ■1 Qi o o vol'' Coxe, Francis. His Retraction. Lon., 1561. A short Treatise declaringe the detestable Wickednesse of magicall Sciences, Lon., 1561, 8vo. Oyies, Vngents, Emplaisters, and Stilled Waters, 1575, Svo. Coxe, Henry. A Picture of Italy, 1816, 18mo. Coxe, John Redman, formerly Prof, of Materia Medica and Pharma<-y in the Univ. of Penna. 1. On In- flammation, Phila., 1794, Svo. 2. Importance, Ac. ot Me- dicine, 1800, Svo. 3. On Vaccination, 1800, Svo. 4. Oii Combustion, Ac, 1811, Svo. 5. Amer. Dispensatory, 18.i7. 8vo, Ac. 6. Refut. of Harvey's Claim to the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood, 1834, Svo. 7. Appeal to the Public, Ac, 1835, Svo. 8. Agaricus Atramentanus, 184., Svo. 9. Recog. of Friends in Another World, 1845, 12mo. 10. Epit. of Hippocrates and Galen, 1846, Svo. 11. Crys- tallization ; Ann. Philos., 1815, vi. 101. Edited: 12. Pliila. Med. Museum, 1805, 6 vols. Svo; New Ser., 1811, 1 vol. Svo. 13. Emporium of Arts and Sciences, [continued by Thomas Cooper, M.D.,] 1812, 5 vols. Svo. Coxe, Leonard. See Cockes. Coxe, Margaret, a native of Burlington, New Jersey. Claims of the Country on American Fem.ales, Phil., 2 vols. 12mo. Botany of the Scriptures. Wonders of the Deep. Young Lady's Companion and Token, 12mo. '• A series of Letters replete with the faithful monitions and pre- cepts a good mother, or. rather, an aflectionate elder sister, would urge on those under her care."— S. J. Hale: WnnanS Record. Coxe, Nehcmiali. Heresies, Ac. in Thomas Collier's Body of Divinity, confuted. Discourses of the Covenants : wherein Circumcision as a Plea for Pasdo-Baptism is in- yalidatcd, Lon., 1681, Svo. Coxe, Peter. Social Day, a Poem with 32 engravings, Lon., 1823, Svo. " A poem of no merit."— LowxnKS. . This beautiful volume contains engravings after Wilkie, Stothard, Smirke. Cooper, Hills, Ac. The exquisite plate of the Broken Jar, by Wilkie, engr.aved by Warren, has been sr)ld for £3 3s. Coxe, R. C. Lectures on Miracles, Lon., 1832, 12mo. Lent Lectures, 1836, 12mo. Advent Lectures, 1845, Svo. Church Subjects, Newc., 1851. Svo. Poems, 1845, p. Svo. Practical Serins. Wood Notes and Musings, 1848, p. Svo. Coxe, Richard S. Reports of Cases, in S. Court, N. Jersey, 1790-95, Burling., 1816, Svo. Decisions in the S. C, C. C. and D. Courts of the U. States, Phila., 1829, Svo. This work is the result of great labour, well employed. Coxe, Tench, of Philadelphia, Commissioner of the Revenue, d. 1824, aged 68. 1. Address on American M.i.nu- factures. 2. Inquiry into the Principles of a Commercial System for the United States, 1787. 3. Examination of 1 Lord Shefadd's Observations on the Commerce of the United Provinces. 1792, Svo. 4. View of the U. States of Amc- rica, in a series of papers written 1787-94, Phila., 1794, Svo ; Lon., 1795, Svo. 5. Thoughts on Naval Power, and the Encouragement of Commerce and Manufactures, 1806. 6. Memoir on the Cultivation, Trade, and Manufacture of Cotton, 1807. 7. MemoironaNavigation Act, 1809. 8. State- ment of the Arts and Manufactures of the U. States, 1814. Coxe, Thomas. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1667. Coxe, Thomas. Serms., 1709, '12, '26, '27. M.agna Britannia ct Hibcrnia, antii|ua et nova: or a new Survey of Great Britain, Lon., 6 vols. 4to, 1 720-31 ; 1738. Coun- ties which have not been elsewhere particularly described- Lincolnshire. Suffolk, Shropshire, Yorkshire— are noticed in these volumes. 4(2 -.i^ cox Coxe, 'tVilliam, 1747-1S28, one of the most useful of modern historical writers, was a native of London ; lellow of King's College, 1768; Curate of Denham, 1|71; Rec- tor of Bemerton, 1788; Canon-Residentiary of Salisbury, 1803- Archdeacon of Wilts, 1805. He was also Chaplain of the Tower. Ho made several excursions on the Conti- nent, in company with young members of the nobility, and pub the result ofhis observations to the world. 1. Sketches of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Switzerland, Lon., 1779, Svo. See No. 6. 2. Account of the Russian Discoveries between Asia and America, Ac, 1780, 4to; 2d edit., 17S0, (supplet. pub. in 1787; see No. 5;) 3d edit., 1787; 4th edit, enlarged, with maps, 1804, Svo. '■ This work is interesting, not merely from the particular sul^ iect which the title indicates, hut also on account of the .sketch it contains of the conquest of Siberia, and of the Kussian commerce with China."— Stevenson: roi/a<7esoniirmi'*. "This work confirmed the literary reputation of its author, and from the time of its first appearance it ha.s been esteemed one of he most valu.able sources of knowledge on the subject »/ N °rth« " Europe. Some of the earlier P"/''™' ''^''^i^h "'*•'' /!?„ La? bertson, the historian, who carefuUy revised them. —Lon. duar. "^Mr Coxe's book contains many curious and important facts with respect to the various attempts of the Russians to open a communication with the New World."— Dr. Hobertsox. 3 Account of the Prisons and Hospitals in Russia, Swe- den, and Denmark, 1780, Svo. 4. Travels in Russia, Po- land, Sweden, and Denmark, 1784, 2 vols. 4to ; vol. ui., 1790, 4to; 2d edit., 1787, 5 vols. Svo; 3d edit., 1802, 5 vols. 8vo;'4thedit., 1803, '04, 3 vols. 4to. „,,,,. " Coxe-s Tour has lost little of its value by time. The sterling ore of the matter preserves it, and though it h.as been dis illed, and hashed up inti a hundred snbsi.,|uent works, there is always a freshness in the original relation which literary piracy cannot sncc^sslullv counterfeit. "-Sir Eoerton Bsydges. "The substantial merits of this work are weU known.'--STEVEN- son: Voi/ancs (irid Travds. ^ . ta. . -.i, 6 A'Comparative view of the Russian Discoveries, with thoie made by Captain Cook and Gierke ; and a Sketch of what remains to be ascertained by future Navigators, 1 1 87, 4to See No. 2, to which this work is supplementary. 6 Travels in Switzerland and in the country of the Gns- sons, 1789, 3 vols. Svo. This may be called an enlarged ^" These travels were performed in 1776, and again in 1785 and 1787 and bear and dese,^-e the same character as the author.s tra- vels in Russia, &c. Mr. Coxe gives a list of books in i';'''^"laid It he end ofhis 3d volume, which may be consulted with advan- tage There is a similar list at the end of his travels in Russia, 4c°'— Stevexsox: Foy.irarf rrnc. , . .^. ,i. t ,„ 1 Letters to Dr. R. Price upon his Discourse on the Love of our Country, 1790, Svo. 8. Expl. of the Catechism, 179') Svo 9. Of Confirmation, 1793, Svo. 10. Gaysia- bles"'with Life and Notes. 11. Letter to the Countess of Pembroke on the secret tribunals of Westphalia, 1' 96, Svo. 12. Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, 179S, 3 vols. 4to. The Sta e Pa- pers which accompany these Memoirs are most valuable to the historian. "A more judicious and instructive biographical work, or one more satisfactory to every rational desire of knowledge, ts-ot found in English literature. It combines m a remarkable degree the exact and dispassionate inquiry which forms the grea merit of compiled history, with the lively circumstantual illustration which Sgs to contemporary narrative, or that drawn from recent tra- di ™n It would be snperHuous to dwell longer on a book with which no accurate reader of English history can permit himself to be unacquainted."— io". QMir. Nevim. j • » „„ Mr Pitt remarked that he had never formed a just ap- preciation of the character of Sir Robert Walpole and his Administration, before ho had perused Mr. C'o.xc s work. 13 Biographical Anecdotes of Handel !ind C. J. Smith, 1799 4to This vol. contains some of Smith's music never before pub. 14. A Serm. on the excellence of the British Jurisdiction, 1799, Svo. 15. Historical Tourin Monmouth- shire ; with upwards of SO engravings, by Sir R. Colt Iloarc, 1801, 2 vols. 4to. Abridged by the author s sister, ISOJ, ™" On™ f Coxe's most agreeable works, and may be ranked anions the most elegant and interesting publications esUnt on British Topography."- /.on. Quarltrl)/ Itn: , i,- , „ „„ i This valuable work contains much local history ami many interesting biographical anecdotes. This is a de- partment^Topography-in which Americans will long have to enw their elder brethren, lb. Memoirs of Ho- ratio, Lord SValpole, 1802, 4to. This may be considered as supplementary to No. 12. 17. Vindication of the C^elte, ISO'l 8vo 18. History of the House of Austria, 1218- 1792! 1807, 3 vols. 4to; 2d edit, 1820, 5 vols. Svo; 3d ed., "'^The Ilou'se o?Aust°ria has in particular received due homage and respect tVom the labours of ,T. V. Kraft and Jlr. Archdeacon Coxe."— Dr. DlDDlx ; Lib. Comp. cox " Coxe'p Hou ^e of Austria must be diligently read," kc—SmyUi's Ltct. on Mix/. lll.st.. q. V. 19. Essay on the Epist. of Ignatius, 1807. 8vo. 20. The Literary Life and Select Works of Benj. Stillingfieet, 1811, 3 vols. 8vo. Vol. i. contains the Life; ii. and iii. S.'s Poetry, Tracts on Nat. Hist, and Prof. Martyn's Observa- tions. '■ The value cf these original and truly curious extracts cannot foil to be appreciated by every person conversant with the subject. Mr. StilliugHeet's Keoiarks on Agricultural Writers are particu- larly valualile. Ilis Works will now attain the rank iu every Li- braiy to which they are so justly entitled." — Lon. Gent. Mag. 21. Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, 1700-88, 1813, 3 vols. 4to; 2ded., 1815, 5 vols.Svo. *' In Mr. Coxe's llouse of Bourbon every subject th:it I have now alluded to is treated very fully. Ilis work is in many places entertaining, and is on the whole a valuable accession to our his- torical information." — Prof, pMYTri: Led. on Mod. Hist. 22. Letter on Tithes, 1815, 8vo. 23. A Sermon, 1817, 4to. 2-4. Memoirs of John, Duke of Marlborough, with his original Correspondence, 1818, '19, 3 vols. 4to ; 2d ed., 1820, 6 vols. 8vo; new edit., revised by John Wade, 18-48, 3 vols. sm. 8vo, and an Atlas in 4to. One of the large paper copies of the first edit, had the two portraits of the Duke taken on siitin. This copy was marked £30 iu a bookseller's catiilogue. " To write the Life of Marlborough is to write the history of the reign of Queen Anne; and it is impossible for any one to judge properly of this pait of our annals, without a diligent perusal of this very ent^-rtAiiuing and valuable work." — Prof. Smyth : Led. on Mod. Hist. 25. Private Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury, 1S21, 4to. 26. Sketches of the Lives of Cor- reggio and Parmegiano, 1823, 8vo. 27. Memoirs of the Administration of the Right Hon. Henry Pelham, 1829, 2 vols. 4to. " The late Archdeacon Coxe has terminated his long and useful literary course by a work which adds largely to our stores of au- thentic information. . . . He has executed his task with no less diligence and fidelity than he displayed while in the full enjoy- ment of earlier vigour." — British Critic. "These Memoirs have lately acquired a new title to attention, (if such a work needed any casual inrideut to enhance its valu*^) by the publication of Lord Orford's lively letters to .Sir Horace Mann, where a great part of the small talk embodied in "Walpole's Memoirs, and of which Mr. Coxe's History is the best correction, reappears in a lighter form." — Lnn. Quartn-h/ Jferiew. "I have now then only to refer the student to Mr. Coxe's Me- moirs of the Pelham Administration, and to request that he will depend on this regular and authentic account of an important period in our annals, not only while he wishes to know the trans- actions that belong to it. but the character of the ministers and parliamentary leaders by which it was distio'zuished. In no other way can he derive a proper idea of the merits of !^Ir. Pelham. Lord Hardwicke. and. above all, of the Duke of Newcastle." — Prof. Smtth : Lfict. on Mod. Hist. We notice a set of Coxe's Historical Works and Travels, 24 vols. imp. 4to, all on large paper, in Mr. H. G. Bohn's Catalogue for 1841, elegantly bound in red morocco by Lewis, priced £84. The same enterprising publisher has recently issued in his excellent Standard Librahy, cheap edits, of several of the works of this author: see ante. Here is an opportunity for both long and short purses. Let no historical student fail to secure the.^e invaluable Tolumes in some form, for, as Dr. Aikin well remarks, " He who wishes to understand intimately the politics nt" the two last reigns must consult the volumes of Mr. Coxe: the future historian will refer to them with confidence and gratitude." — Annual Jievieiv. "The biographical labours of Mr. ARrnnEACox Coxe are consi- derable in extent, aud meritorious in quality ; and. as they appear to my judgment, are likely to be yet more appreciated by posterity than in the jireS'iil tiuies." — Dr." Dibdin; Lib. Comp. Coxeter, Thomas, 1689-1747, a native of Lechlade, Gloucestershire, was educated at Magdalen School and Trinity College, Oxford. He collected some of the mate- rials used in what is styled Gibber's Lives of the Poets, assisted Ames in his Typographical Antiquities, and aided Theobald iu his black-letter researches, when the latter was preparing his edit, of Shakspeare. Some of his MSS. were used by Warton in his History of English Poetry. He pub. in 1739 an edit, of Daily's, or rather Hall's, Lite of Bishop Fisher, first pub. in 1655. He was the originator of the scheme adopted by Dodsley of publishing a collec- tion of Old English Plays. He also pub., in 1710, a poem supposed to be his own, entitled Astrea Licrimans, to the memory of Sir John Cook, and in 1759 an edit, of Mas- singer's Works appeared, said to he "revised, corrected, and the editions collated, by Mr. Coxeter." " We talked nf a collection being made of all thp En^-lish pnots who had published a volume of pot:-ms. .'fftlin*;nn tnM ni'- ■ tli;it a Mr. Coxeter. whom he knew, had gone the greatest l.-ngtb Inwards this; having collected, I think, about five hundred vuluiiifs of poets whose works were but little known; but that upon his death Tom Osbourne bought them, and they were dispersed, which he thought a pity, as it was curious to see any series complete; and CRA in every volume of poems something good may be found.' " — Bos- wdVs JoJnistm. It should 1)6 mentioned to Dr. Johnson's credit, that he often afi'orded aid to Coxeter's daughter, who was left in needy circumstances by her father's death. Coxeter was secretary to an English Historical Society, and he con- templated the publication of an edit, of the Driimatic Works of Thomas May. See a notice of him in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and in the Gent. Mag. for 1756. Coyte, B., M.D. Con. to Med. Trans., 17s5. Hortus Botanicus Gippovicensis, Ipswich, 1796, 4to. Index Plan- tarum, vol. i. 1808, 8vo. Coyte, Joseph William, A Cockney's Rambles in the Country. 1811, 12mo. Coyte, 'Tobias. Fifteen Serms., 1762, 2 vols. 12mo. Coyte, William, Serm., Norw., 1710, 12mo. Cozens, Dr. Mercurius Ecclesiasticus, 1645, 4to. Cozens, Alexander, d. 1786, a drawing-master in London, born in Russia. 1. 32 Species of Trees, 1771. 2. Landscapes, 1785. 3. Nature. 4. Principles of Beauty relative to the Human Head, with 19 Plates by Bartolozzi ; Letter Press in English and French, 177S, imp. fol. "A work very ingenious, but somewhat tjinciful." — I>B. Watt: Bill. Brit. Cozens, Charles, Adventures of a Guardsman, Lon., 1847, 12mo. Cozens, Samuel, Biblical Lexicon of 2500 names and places, Lon., 1848, 12mo. Cozens, Zachariah, 1. A Tour through the Isle of Thanet, 1794. 2. The Margate Hoy. .3. A Poem. Con. to Gent. Mag. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Cozzens, Fred. S., b. 1818, in New York City. 1. Prismatics, N. York, 1852. 2. Stone House on the Sus- quehanna. 3. Sparrowgrass Papers, 185G, 12mo. A work full of wit and humour. 4. Acadia; or, A Sojourn among the Blue Noses, 1858, 12mo. Ed. The Wine-Press; a Monthly devoted to the interests of American vine- planters and wine-makers. Cozzeus, Issachar, b. 1781, Newport. R.I., uncle of the preceding. Geological History of New York Island, N.Y., 1843, 8vo. Crabb, George, of Magdalen College, Oxford, d. 1854. 1. Universal Historical Dictionary, 1825, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Dictionary of General Knowledge, 5th ed., by Rev. H. Davis, 1853, cr. 8vo. 3. Universal Technological Dictionary, 1823, 2 vols. 4to. 4. English Synonymes, 3d ed., 1824, Svo; 1826, 4to; pub. in N. York, lOth'ed. frcrm the folio edit., 1852, 8vo. "A valuable addition to the philological treatises which we pos- sess."— SriVw/f Critic, Od. 1823. "As an etymologist. Mr. Crabb seems to have some dictionary- knowledge of many languages; but to be unacquainted with the philosophy, or history even, of languase in general. . . . However, with all this appjiceiit inenevolence knew no limits' but its power— that of a giant in in- tellect, who was, in feeling, an unsophisticated child— a bright ex- ample of the close affinity between superlative talents and the w:u-mth of the generous affections. Mr. Crabbe had afterwards many other friends, kind, liberal, and powerful, who assisted him in his professional career; but it was one hand alone that rescued him when he was sinking." By the assistance of this true friend, who took him un- der his own roof, Cr.abbe was enabled to prepare himself for admission to holy orders. He was ordained deacon in 1781 and priest in 1782. After officiating for a time as curate to the rector of Aldborough. he became, by the in- fluence of Mr. Burke, chaplain to the Duke of Kutland. .and took up his residence at Belvoir Castle. In 1783 Lord Thurlow presented him with two small livings in Dorsetshire. He now felt at liberty to marry the object of his early afTections— Sarah Elmy— who was removed by death in 181 3. In this year — ho had in the meantime held several rectories and curacies — the Duke of Rutland gave him the living of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, to which the incumbency of Croxton, near Belvoir, was subsequently added. Here he lived for the rest of his life, a useful, respected, and beloved parish priest, occasionally relieving his piistoral duties by a visit to his literary friends in London, who admired the poet, esteemed the man, and revered the priest. In 1822 he paid a visit to Sir W.alter Scott, in Edinburgh. We now come to the consideration of his writings. The Poem of the Library was pub. in 1781, 4to, and met with a flattering reception. Two years later appeared The Village, which confirmed his literary reputation, and made the obscure priest one of the most noted in an age of great names. Both of these poems had before publication received the benefit of the revision of Mr. Borkc. and The Village had passed under the critical eye of Dr. Johnson : ■^ "March 4, 1763. "Sir— I have sent you back Mr. Crabbe's poem, which I re.ad ■with great delight. It is original, vigorous, and elegant. "The alterations which I have made I do not require him to adopt, for my lines are perhaps not often better than his own ; but he mav take mine and his own together, and perhaps between them produce something better than either. He is not to think his copy wantonly defaced. A wet sponge will wash all the red lines away, and leave the p.age clear. " The d'edica lion wilt be least liked. It were better to contract it into a short, sprightly address. I do not doubt Mr. Crabbe's suc- cess." — 1)>-. Jtihuson th Sir Joshua EarntiUh. Scenes so graphically described, appealing to the ex- CRA perience of so many, could not he otherwise than widely read Those who read extracts in the jimrnals wore not satisfied until they had procured the volume, and the au- thor felt his position to be no longer doubtful. Ibe News- p.aper appeared in 1785; The Parish Register in 1807: The Borough in 1810; Tales in Verse in 1812; and his last publication-Tales of the H.-ill-in 1819. He so d this work, and the unexpired term of his former copyrights, to Mr Murray for the handsome sum of £3000. We should not omit to mention, that two years before the publication of the last-named work, Mr. Crabbe pub. a Sermon on the Variation of Public Opinion as it respects Religion. In delineating the homely everyday scenes of common Lng- li.li life —in depicting the tenants of the lowly cottage, the rude hut, the parish workhouse, and the jail— perhaps Crabbe has never been surpassed. His command ot language and facility in rhyme are remarkable, and without being free from diffusiveness, there is often an epigrammatical terseness in his lines which delights even a careless reader. Horace Smith calls him " Pope in worsted stockings," but Horace said many things in his wit which he would have repudiated in his wisdom. One of the most eloquent criticisms upon Crabbe s writings with which wo are acquainted will be found in Cunningham s Biog. Hist, of England. We give a brief extract ; "The severity of fr.ibbes muse consists in a failhlul portraiture of nature. If "man is not always happy, it is not the poet s fault. There is too much of sober reality in life to make the picture other than it is This Crabbe knows, for he writes of scenes under his own observation. He lived amidst the people he describes, felt their occasional joys, and saddened over their many misfortunes. Bu i^his gloomiLt character he ■?<^'" ' ""'"t^Pf "« "°*f '^ of mature' He does not accumulate horrors for etlect. He has no extravagant and unnatural heroes pouring forth their morbid sen- iment fn his pages. There is no sickly affectation, but a pure and healthy portrait of life-of life it may be in its unhappiest but m fts least artificial, development, where society haf .*""^. '^ *° alter its rough uneducated tones, where the actual feeliigs and passions of man m.ay be tr.aced at every footstep. --Vol. m. 420. Gifford, referring to the affecting story of the village girl betrothed to the sailor, in The Borough, remarks : " Longinus somewhere mentions, that it was a question among the critics of his age, whether the sublime could be produced by tenderness. If tbfs question had not been already determmed, this history would have gone far to bring it to a decision. Allan Cunningham hardly agrees with the critic quoted " •"crabbe is a cold and remorseless dissector, who pauses with the streaming knife in his hands, to explain how strongly the blood is tainted, what a gangrene is in the liver, how conipletelj the sources of health are corrupted, and that the subject is a had one Deliver us from Cnabbe in the hour of depression! I'l'tures of moral, and mental, and bodily degradation, are frequent through all his works; he is one of Job's chief comforters to the people. - Jliog.amlCrit.Hisl.o/Lit. We quote an able criticism on Crabbe from an eminent ''""mT Crabbe is the greatest matincnrf, perhaps, of .all our living poets ; and it is rather uufortun.ate that the most prominent features of his mannerism are not the most pleasing. 'Ibe homely, quaint, and proSiic stvle-the flat, and often bi-oken and J.ngly versifea- tion-the etefnal full-lengths of low and worthless characters- "ith their accustomed garnishing of sly jokes and ""'bar mo- ralizing-are all on the surface of his writmgs; and are almost unavoidably the things by which we are first «minded of him when we take up any of his new produc ions. Yet they are not the things that truly constitute his peculiar manner, or g ve that character by which he will and ought to be remembered with fu- Uire generations. It is plain, indeed that they are thing.s that will make nobody remembered-and cin never, therefore, be re.ally characteristic of some of the most original and powerful P°f.te'a?c^orr41y"has"oTher gifts; and those not less pecu- liar or ess strongly marked than the blemishes with which they are cnntrasted-an unrivalled and almost magical power of olv seTvation. resulting in descriptions so true to nature as to strike u, rather as transcripts than imitations-an anatomy ol character ■lud feeling not lessexquisite and searchmg-an occasional touch of manlv enderness-and a d.'ep and dreadful pathetic. ■"<".'P<'"»'» bv fits, and strangelv interwoven with the most minnteand humble of his details. Add to all this the sure and profound sagacity of the emarks with which he every now and then -•»>■' ;-;«"y"">« midst of very unambitious discussions; and the weight and teise^ ness of the maxims which he drops, like O"™ ^F.^'f.P""^;^; ™ occasions that give no promise of such a revelation ; and last, ?h"S. not leas?, that s,?eet and seldom^sounded chord of l.^^^l inspiration, the lighte.st touch of which instantly "Charms away M Kness from'his numbers and .all harshness from h'S hemes -and at once exalts him to a level with the most energetic and inventive poets of his .ige."— Loan Jeffeet. _ Read articles in Edin, Review, xii. IBl.Jsyi- 30 :sj. 2, ,, rxxii lis Ix. 131; Lon. Quar. Rev.. 1. 468, In. 9( ; Black- wood's Mag., v. 469; N. American Rev., xxx.x. 135. An edit, of Crabbe's Works was pub. in 7 vols. fp. Svo. Lon., ISOO- 1S03 5 vols. Svo, and r. Svo. Life, with his Letters anljour^'ls, by his son: new edit 1838 fp. Svo New edit, of his Life and Poetical Works, edited by his son. CRA CRA 1847, 1 vol. r. 8vo. Poetical Works, with his Letters and Journals, 1847, 8 vols. fp. 8vo ; Works, Ac, 5 vols. 8vo ; also in 1860 and 1851. The Life, by the son of the poet, has been highly commended. " We never read a more interestinf; piece of biography — it is so unaffected, and we are sure so iaithful. that we now feel as well acquainted with the man as we haye hitherto been with the poet." ~-Lon. Alfirn- SON, in Biog. BHt. Craigie, David, M.D. Elements of the Practice of Physic, Edin., 1837^0, 2 vols. Svo. Elements of General and Pathological Anatomy, 2d edit., Edin., 18-47, Svo, pp. 1088. "A volume which may be perused with pleasure and advantage, both by the non-professional man of science and the practical ana- tomist." — La n cet . See "Anatomy," in Encyc. Brit, 7th edit. Craigie, J., and J. S. Stewart. Reports of Cases decided in the H. of Lords under Appeal from Scotland, 1720-53. being a continuation of Kob*F(sOQ'ft Reports, Edin., 1825, Svo. Craik, George LiUie, b. 1799, in Tifeshire, son of a schoolmaster, settled in London in 1824; Prof. Eng- lish Literature and IIi:-'tory, Queen's College, Eellast, since 1849. From the commencement t^:" the close of the Psnny Cyclopedia he was one of its most valuable contributors in history and biography, and is one of tbo most useful writers of the dav. 1. Romance of the Pe«rage, Lon., 1848-50, 4 vols. p'. Svo. " We believe there are few literary men in England who are Bo well ac'juaiuted with this subject as the present author." — Jer- roJd's Ne-wspapf^r. 2. Bacon : his Writings and his Philosophy, % vols. 18mo. Highly commended : see notice in Lon. Athena-um, &c. 3. Spenser and his Poetry, 3 vols. 18mo. 4. Paris and its Historical Scenes, 2 vols. ISmo. 6. Evils of Popular Tu- mults, illustrative of the Evils of Social Ignorance, ISmo. 6. History of British Commerce from the Earliest Time to the Present Day, 3 vols. i8mo. "To the merchant, the capitalist, the manufacturer, the trades- man, to all who are dt^sirous of knowing by what means England has arrived at her present state of eommercial greatness and pros- perity, we recommend this worlt as the cheapest and by Cvr the hest mode of obtiiiuinfj the desired information." — Lincoln Stan. 7. History of Literature and Learning in England, from the Earliest Time to the Present Dav, 6 vols, in 3, ISmo, 1844, '45. "An invaluable textrbook to all students of English literature." ^Lon. Critic. 8. The Pursuit of Knowledge under Difficulties, (3 vols. ISmo;) a new edit., to which is added Female Examples, (2 vols. ISmo.) 5 vols, in 2. 1845-47. "A body of examples, full of anecdotes and interest, to show how an ardent desire for knowledj^e has been able to triumph over the most unpropitious cirL-umstances. A pleasant book, worthy of being accepted by all thoughtful women and honourable men." — Zon. Atfwnceuvi. 9. Outlinesof theEng. Language, 1851. 13mo. Mr. Craik and Charles Macfarlane were the pfineipnl euntrihutors to Knight's invaluable Pictorial History of England, 8 vols, supur-roy. Svo. Sec Andrews, J. Pettit. "Scrupulous accuracy, unwearied research, and sound criticism, united with an ardent deeire for the safe and gradual advance of all that may practically improve the condition of society, are the leading characteristics of Mr. Craik's ■writings." — KnighVs Eng. Cyc, Div. Biog., vul. ii. Crakanthorpc, Richard, D.D., 1569-1624, Fellow of Queen's College. Oxford. 1598. Defensio Ecclesise Ang- licana;, Ac, Lou., 1625, 4to, 446 " Which book was held to be the most exact piece for controversy since the time of the Ueformalion." — At/ien. Oxim. Dr. C. also wrote A Defence of Justinian, 1616, 4to; of Constantine, 1621, 4to; Popish Falsitications, 1607; A Treatise of the 5th Genl. Council at Constantinople, 553, 1631, fol.; and some sermons, 5'5 Crashaw, p. 22. Selden and Cowley were intimate friends of our poet, and the monody in which the latter laments his death has been highly commended : '■ Cowk-y seems to have had what Milton is believed to have wanted, the skill to rate his own performances by their just value ; and has therefore closed his Miscellanies with the Verses upon Crashaw. which apparently excel all that have gone before them; and iu which there are beauties which common authors may justly think not only above their attainment, but above their ambition." —Br. Jnhiison^s Life of Cmvley. " Crashaw has originality in many parts, and as a translator, is entitled to the highest applause."— i/etWZfy '5 Select Beauties of An- cient Eng. I\ietry. '■ His translations have considerable merit, but his original po- etry is full of conceit."— E?Zis's Specimens of the Early Eng. Foets. " Poet and Paint ! to thee alone are given. The two most sacred names of earth and heaven. ******** How well (blest Swan) did fate contrive thy death, And made thee render up thy tuneful breath In thy great mistress' arms? Thou most divine And richest offering of Loretto's shrine.'" — Cowlet. Crashaw, William, father of the preceding, was preacher at the Temple, and was as much opposed to Ro- manism as his son was in favour of it. Roman Forgeries, and Falsifications of Authors. Lon., 1606, 4to. Newes from Italy of a second Moses, &c., 1608, 4to ; being the life of the Marquesse of Vico, from the Latin of Beza, by W. C, 1608, Svo. In this is contained '* the story of his admira- ble conversion from popery." Fiscus Papalis. 1617, 4to. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 468. '6il. The Jesuites Gospel, written by themselves, laid open and reproved, 1641, 4to. Other tbeoloi^ical works: pec Bibl. Bib. Cranford, Capt. C. Events of the War, 1766-63, and a Treatise on some branches of the Military Art, trans. Lon., 1787, 3 vols. 8vo. Crawford, Crawfurd, or Crawford, David, 1665- 1726, alawycr and hi.^torio;:rapher of Scotland, Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland. 1566-81, Edin., 1706, Svo : 1767, 12mo. His veracity has been questioned: see M. Laing's Pref. to his ed. of the Historio and Life of James the Sixth, Edin.. 1804. Svi.. Crauford,Geor!;e. Treats. on Polit.Econ.. 1785-1800. U7 CRA CRA Craufurd, Lt. Col. Spanish Lite, 1837, 2 vols. Svo. Craufurd, A. Essay on the Development of Func- tions, Lon., 1S44, 8vo. Verses on various occasions, IS-iG, 12mo. Craufurd, Charles H, Scrms., Lon., 1840, 8vo. Craufurd, Sir G. W. Examinations on Butler's Ana- logy, 3d ed., Lon., 1847, 12mo. Craufurd, George. See Crauford. Craufurd, John Lindesay, Earl of. Memoirs from his own Papers, At;., Lou., 1709, 12mo. R. Rolt also pub. his Memoirs. 1753, 4to. Craufurd, Quiutiu. Sketches, Ac, relating to the Hindoos, 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. A. and M. India, 1817, 2 vols. Svo. Other works. Craufurd, Thomas. Prof, of Philos. and Math, in the College of Edinburgh, in 1646. Loeorum Nominum, &c. Scotorum historiis, Ac, emend. C. Irvinis, Edin., 1665, 12nio. Notes, &c., on Buchanan's Hist, of Scot., 170S, 12mo. Hist, of Univ. of Edinburgh, 1580-1646, 1808, 8vo. " An extraordinary critick in the history and antiquities of Scot- land." — Bishop Nicolson: Scot. Hist. Lib. Craven. See Carleton, Capt. Craven, Lady Elizabeth. Sco Anspach, Mar- gravine OF. Craven, Isaac. Sermon, Lon., 1658, 4to. Craven, Hon. R. Keppel. Tour through the South- ern Provinces of Naples, Lon., 1821, 4to. *' His work, without pretending to deep science or extensive scholarship, is both entertaining and instructive.'" — filin. Jierneto. Excursions in the Abruzzi and Northern Provinces of Naples, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. "To all those who have ever 'swam in a gondola,' &c. these volumes will be received as welcome." — Lon. AVtencettm. Craven, William, 1731-1815, Prof, of Arabic, Cam- bridge, educated at St. John's College. Sermons on the Evidence of a Future State of Rewards and Punishments, Ac, Camb., 1776, Svo. " The subject is treated with great perspicuity, and Mr. Hume's objections solidly refuted." — Bishop Watson. Sermon, &c., Lon., 1798, Svo. Discourses, Ac, in An- swer to Mr. Hume, Camb., 1802, Svo. " We recommend it, as furnishiutj a series of important facts and observation.'^, to all int^enious inquirers into the very interesting subject of ^vliii-h it treats." — Edin. Review. Crawford. The Olive Branch, a Poem, Lon., 1814, Svo. Crawford, Mrs. The Lady of the Bedchamber, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo. The Double Marriage. "A first-rate novel, both as regards purity of style, the interest of the tale, and life-like development of character." — Lon. Ev. Post. Crawford, Capt. Reminiscences of distinguished Commanders, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo. "■A work which cannot fail of being popular in every portion of our seagirt isle, and of being read with delight by all who feel inte- rested in the right hand of our country — its navy." — Plymouth Herald CraAvford, Col. Ireland's Ingratitude to the Parlia- ment of England. Lon., 1643, 4to. Crawford, A. Account of Mr. Stern, 1760, Svo. Crawford, Adair, d. 1795, Prof, of Chemistry, Wool- wich. Animal Heat, 1779, Svo. Reviewed by "Wm. Mor- gan, 1781, Svo. Tonics; edited by Alex. Crawford, 1817. Phil. Trans., 1790. Crawford, Charles. Dissert, on the Phtvdo of Plato, Lou., 1774, Svo. Several polit. and theolog. pub- lications, 1776-lSll. Crawford, G, Drainage Act, Dubl., 1843, 12mo. Crawford, Gr., and Edw. S. Dix. Cases in Courts of Law and Equity in Ireland, 1837, '38, Arc. Dubl., 1839, Svo. Cases on the Circuits in Ireland, 1839^2, 2 vols, and 3 parts of vol. 3d, Dubl.. 1844. Svo. Crawford, Georgre. Discourses, Edin., 1832. 12mo. Crawford, George M. The Case of Saunders v. Smith, as to Copyright in Law Reports, Lon., 1839, Svo. Craw^ford, James, Writer to the Signet, d. 1783. The Decisions of the Court of Session, &c. Crawford, James, M.D. Practical Remarks on the Sympathy of the Parts of the Body. Crawford, John. Statue to K. William, &c. Crawford, John. 1. Theory of Physic. 2. Causes, ic, 1724. •32, Crawford, John Lindesay, Earl of. See Crau- furd. Crawford, John, M.D. 1. Liver. 2. Muscles,1772,'S6. Crawford, John. Philosophy of Wealth, 3d edit., Lon., 1817, Svo. Crawford, Patrick. Returne from Poporie, 1627, 4to. Craw'ford, Robert, d. 1733, gained some celebrity as the author of The Bush aboon Traquair, and the ad- mired lyric of Tweedside. He assisted Allan Ramsay in hia '* Tea Table Miscellanies." 448 '■ Tho true muse of native pastoral seeks not to adorn herself with unnatural ornaments; her spirit is in homely love and fireside jny, tender and simple, like the religion of the land, she utters nothing out of keeping with the character of her people, and the aspect of the soil ; and of this spirit, and of this feeling, Crawford is a large partaker." — Allan Cunsingham : see Chambers's Cyc. of Eng. Lit. Crawford, William, 1676-1742, a Scottish divine, a native of Kelso. Dying Thoughts. Scrmon.s, Lon., 1825. 12mo. " Dying Thoughts will prove a real friend to the devout reader."' Crawford, William. 1. Remarks on Lord Chester- field's Letters to his Son. 2. Sermon, 1776, '86. Crawford, William, D.D., of Straiton, Scotland. Hist, of Ireland in a Series of Letters, Strabane, 1783, 2 vols. Svo. See an unfavourable notice in the London Monthly Review, Ixx. 39, which concludes thus: *■ We are sorry there is no Judex. An omission of this kind is particularly inexcusable in a History." Or inexcusable In any work which aspires to take a permanent place in literature. *' What, even in works of imagination or fancy?" Yes, even in sueh. Dr. Johnson advocated an Index for Clarissa, and who would not de- light to see one to the Waverley Novels? Let not this hint be thrown away. Mrs. Clarke has given us an index to Shakspeare — let us next have one to Scott. Who will undertake it? Profit and honour await liim. We have already expressed our.sclves at large upon the Index head : See AYscotJGH, Samukl. Dr. Crawford also pub. a vol. of Sermons, Edin., 1815, Svo. Crawford, William H,, and Horatio Marbury, A Digest of the Laws of Georgia, Savannah, 1802, 4to. Prepared under the special authority of the State. Crawfnrd, Charles. See Crawford. Crawfnrd, David. See CnAUFURD. Crawfnrd, Thomas, See Cuaufurd. Crawfnrd, George. 1. Hist, of the Family of the Stewarts, U);i4-1710. Edin., 1710, fol. New edit, to the present time by W. Semple, Paisley, 1782, 4to. Enlarged and continued to present time by George Robertson, Pais- ley, 1818, 4to. A valuable work. 2. The Peerage of Scotland, Edin., 1716, fol. "As the first publication on the Peerage of Scotland, this work is deserving of great praise." Lives and Characters of the Crown and State Officers of Scotland. Edin., 1726, fol., vol. i. only pub. Crawfnrd, John, late British Resident at the Court of the Sultan of Java. 1. Hist, of the Indian Archipelago, Edin., 1820, 3 vols. Svo. " This is a valuable work, particularly in what relates to the actual commerce and commercial capabilities of these islands ; it also treats of the manners, relifjion. language. &c. of the inhabit- ants; but on some of these points not with the soundest judg- ment, or the most accurate information." — Stevenson : Toy. aiid Trav. Dr. Murray tells us that he was induced to omit a de- scription of the Islands of the Indian Archipelago, in con- sequence of so "full and interesting a view having been given by Mr. Crawfurd." See Hist. Acct. of Discoveriea and Trav. in Asia. 2. Siam and Cochin China, 1828, 4to; 2d ed., 1830, 2 vols. Svo. "A very valuable contribution to the geography and statistics of the Oriental world, and one of the most interesting nari-atives we have for some time past been called upon to notice." — Ltm. 3Ioi}(fd)/ i?ei'/('i(', 3. Court of Ava in 1827, 1829, 4to; 2d ed., 1S34, 2 vols. Svo. " This, like Mr. Crawfurd's other p^lbli^■.^ti^•np. contains a large store lit iiifnriiKitinn, and many sound ami jmiii jnus remarks on the institutiuiis ;iiid manners of the Etist."—})'- s/mi/tsfer Bei-iew. "This and ihv prect^dinp work give not only (he latest, but the best and nmst ;iiith.'ii1i''. amiunts of the countries referred to; and have adtb'd imtst in.iteriaHy to onr knowledge of a very large portion of Eastern Asia." — MuOuLLOcn; Lit. nf Polit. Economy. Mr. Crawfurd is also one of the contributors — the others are Hugh Murray, Peter Gordon, Capt- Thomas Lynn, and Professors Wallace and Burnett — to the excellent account of China, illustrated by Jackson, pub. in '6 vols. sm. Svo, forming part of Oliver and Boyd's Edin. Cab. Library. " The best digest which has yet appeared, adapted to the object in view, that of giving a popular account of the empire of China." — Asiatic JmirnaJ. 4. Inquiry into tho System of Taxation in India, Svo. 5. Letters on the Interior of India, Svo. 6. Taxes on Know- ledge, 1836, Svo. The taxes objected to — the stamp-duty on newspapers, and the duty on paper — were subsequently reduced, tho former about (^&, and the latter about 50, per cent. ; and the duty on newspapers has also been repealed. 7. Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay Language, 1852, 2 vols. Svo. " These volumes are inestimable to the philologist as well as the Eastern traveller and trader."— Xon. Examiner. CRA CRE Crawskey^ John. The Countryman's Instructor, Lon., ItJ.'Jtl, 4to. The Goud Husband's Jewel, York, 1661. Crayon, GeollVey. See Irving, Washington. Creamer, Hannah G., b. at Salem, Mass. Gift for Young Students. Eleanor. Delia's Doctors, &c. Crease, J. Prophecies Fulfillinc;;, 17S;i, Svo. Crease, Jas. 1. Varnishing. 2. Wood Work, 1300/03. Creaser, Thomas. Vaccine Inoculation, 1800, '(>?>. Creasy, Edward Shepherd, M.A.. b. 1S12, at Bex- ley, in Kent, Eng., Prof, of Hist, at Univ. Coll., Lon. 1. Parcga: Poems. 1843, r. 8vu. 2. Eton College, Lon., 1848, p. Svo: see Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1848, .305. 3. Text-Book of the Constitation, 1848, Svo : see No. 10. 4. Sub Rege Sacerdos : Comments on Bp. Hampden's Case, 1848, 8vo. 5. Eminent Etonians, 1850, r. Svo. 6. Battle of Waterloo, 1S52, 12mo. 7. Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World : Marathon to Waterloo, 1852, Svo ; 9th ed., 1S5S. 8. Invasions and Pro- jected Invasions of England from the Saxon Times, 1852, Svo. 9. History of the Ottoman Turks. 1856. 2 vols. Svo, 10. Rise and Progress of the English Constitution, 1856, Svo. This is the 3d ed. of No. 3. "Ao admirable summary of knowledge, which every well-edu- cated Englishman ought to possess."- — Lon. Lit. Gaz. Creech, Rev, Thomas, 1659-1701, Fellow of All Souls* College. Trans, of Lucretius, Oxf., 1682, Svo; best ed., Glasgow, 1759, 12mo. " Creech's Lucretius, the notes included, is a great performance." — Hartley Colerihge. Trans, of Horace, 1684. Creech also pub. translations from Theocritus, Ovid, Plutarch, Juvenal, and others. Creech committed suicide, which rash act JacoVj ascribes to his splenetic temper. But Mr. Malone has proved that Creech had previously exhibited marks of insanity. See Biog. Brit. *' Creech is a much better translator than ho is usually supposed and allowed to he. lie is a nervous and vigorous writer: and many parts not only of his Lucretius, but of his Theocritus and Horace, (though now decried,) have not been excelled by other translators. One of his pieces may be pronounced excellfut: his translation of the thirteenth satire of .7uvena] ; equal to any that Pryden has given us of that author." — Db. Warton, — an un- doubted judge. A Step to Oxford — an Essay on Creech's Suicide — was pub., Lon.. 1700, 4to. Creech, William, 1745-1815, an eminent bookseller of Edinburgh. Trial of Brodie and Smith, Edin., 1789, 4to. Edinburgh Fugitive Pieces, Edin., 1791, Svo; new ed., 1815, Svo. Creea, Cary E. Of Pembroke's Statues, 1731, 4to. Creed, \Vm. 1. Refutcr. 2. Sermon. 3. Sermon, Lon.. 1600. Creflield, Edward. Thcolog. treatises, 1711-77. Creichton, Capt. John. Memoirs of, from his own materials ; drawn up nnd digested by Dean J. Swift, 1731. By the Dean's intere^t in this work, £200 was secured to the aged soldier. See an interesting account of the work in the Lou. Retrosp. Review, v. 238. Creigh, Alfred, b. ISIO. in Penna. Masonry and Anti-Masunry, Svo. Analytical Text Book for the Ma- sonic Student, 12rao. Creighton, H. Ruins of Gour, 1817, r. 4to. Creisfhton, J. C. Acts relating to Insolvent Debtors, DubL. 1841, Svo. Creighton, James. Origin of true Religion, Lon., 1803, Svo. Fenelon's Dialogues on Eloquence, trans, by Simpson ; new ed., 1808, Svo. Creighton, or Crighton, Robert, 1593-1672, edu- _cated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1670, trans. Sylvester Syguropolus's History of the Council of Florence "from Greek into Latin, Hague, 1660. Wood stntes thnt he hnd s(»me sermons in print. Creighton, Robert, D.D.. 1639-1736, son of the above, pub. a vol. of Sermons in 1720. lie was quite fa- mous for skill in Church Music. The celebrated anthem for four voices, " I will arise and go to my Father," pub. by Dr. Boyce, is the composition of Dr. Creighton. Cresncr, A. Vindication of, Lon., 1687, 4to. Cresseiier, Drue, D.D. Judgments of God on the R. Catholic Church, Lon., 1689, 4to. Demonstration of the First Principles of the Protestant Applications of the Apocalypse, 1690, 4to. '* A work full of instruction and copious testimonies from the Romanists." — Bicker.steth. Cresset, Edward, d. 1754. Bishop of Llandaff, 1748. Serm., Ps. Ixvi. 7, L(.n.. 1749. 4to ; 2 Tim. ii. 9. 1753, 4to. Cressey, or Cressy, Hugh Pauliu de, or Sere- nns, 1605-1674, a native of Wakefield, Yorkshire, Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1626, took holy orders, and became chaplain to Thomas, I-ord Wtntworth, and subse- quently to Lucius, Lord Falkland, who promoted him to the deanery of Laughlin, and a canonry of Windsor, which the troubles of the times prevented his enjoying. He travelled in Italy, and in 1646, whilst at Rome, embraced the Roman Catholic religion. He resided for seven or more years in the College of Douay, where he changed his name to Serenus de Cressey. After the Restoration he came to England, and became chaplain to Queen Cathe- rine. Shortly before his death he retired to Grinstead in Sussex. Exaraologesis, or a faithful Narrative of the Conversion unto Catholique Unity, of Hugh Paulin, lately Deane of Laglilin in Ireland, and Prebend of Windsoro in England, Paris, 1647, sni. Svo ; 1653, Svo. The last ed. contains an answer to J. P., author of the preface to Lord Falkland's work on Infidelity. *' His Kxamoloj^esis was the golden calf which the Enslish Papists fell down and worshipped. They brag'd that book to be unanswerable, and to have given a total overthrow to the Chil- lingworthians, and book and tenets of Lucius, Lord Falkland." — Athen. Oxmi. " Among the Catholic writers in the reign of Charles the Second, none was more distinguished thau Hugh Paul Cressy. The fruit of his studies appeared in his Examoloj;esis." — Charles Butler. Sancta Sophia, Douay, 1657, 2 vols. Svo: see Bakeri David. R. C. Doctrines no Novelties, 1663, Svo. Church Hist, of Brittany, or England, from the beginning of Christianity to the Norman Conquest, Roan, 1668, fol. ; completed only to about 1350. Vol. ii. was unfinished when the author died. This is compiled principally from the Annales Ecclesiso Britannicin of jMichael Alporp, q. v., vols. i. and ii. of Monast. Anglic, the Decem Scrip- tores Hist. Anglicana?,and the collections of David Baker, q. v., et Athen. Oxon. Cressey has been blamed, particularly by Lord Clarendon, for introducing the accounts of so many miracles and monkish stories into this history; but Wood excuses him as follows : " Yet let this be said of him. that for as much that he doth mostly quote his authors for, and k-aves what he says to the judg- ment of the readers, he is to be exciised. and in the meantime to be commended for his grave and good stile, proper for an ecclesias- tical historian." — Athen. Oxon. Sixteen Revelations of Divine Love. Fanaticism fana- tically imputed to the Catholic Church, by Dr. Stillingfleet, and the imputation refuted and retorted, 1672, Svo. Ques- tion, Why are you a Catholic ? with the Answer; Why are you a Protestiint? an Answer attem])ted in vain, Lon., 1672, Svo. Answer to Dr. Stlllingfleet's Idolatry practised in the Church of Rome, 1674, 8vo. The Earl of Claren- don came to the rescue in a Vindication of Dr. Stilling- fleet. This elicited Cressey 's Epistle Apologetical to a Person of Honour, touching his Vindication of Dr. Stil- lingfleet, 1674, Svo. Cressey jnib. an Answer to Bagshaw, 1662, a Letter and Remarks upon the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance. Clarendon had been his acquaintance at Oxford, and lamented his change of religion : " If we cannot keep him a minister of our cluuch. I wish he would continue a layman in theirs, which wmiM snmi.\\hat lessen the defection, and, it may be, preserve a great. -r pMrtiou of bis in- nocence." — Letter to Earle: see State Papers, Oxf., 177o, vol. ii.322, and Bliss's "Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii, lOlG. Cresswell, C. See Barnewall, R. V. Cresswell, Daniel, D.D., 1776-1844, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Linear Perspective, Camb., 1811, Svo. Maxima and Minima, 1S16. Svo, 1822. Sphe- rics, 1816, Svo. Sup. to the Elements of Euclid, LS22, Svo. Treatise of Geometry. 1S22, Svo. Sermons on Domestic Duties. Lon., 1829, 12mo. Cresswell, R. N. Cases of Insolv. Debtors, Lon., 1830, Svo. Cresswell, Thos. E, Narrative of his Affair with Miss S ce, 1747, Svo. CressAvick. The Female Reader; pieces in prose and verse, Lon., 1781, 12mo. Cressy, H. P. de. See Cressey. CressAVell, Jos. Elizabetha; Angliae, Reginae Res- ponsio ad Edictum, Romn, 1593, 4to. "^Vritten to ptove the lawfulness of rising against an heretic prince." — Lowndeh. Cresy, Edward, Architecture of the Middle Ages of Italy, Lon., imp. 4to. Treatise on Bridges, Vaults, E3. Crewe, Charles H. Seven weeks in the West, Lon., 1841, 12mo. Doctrine of the N. Test, on Prayer, ISmo. The System behind the Age, 1846, 12mo. Crewe, Thomas. Nosegay of Moral Philos., Ac., Lon., 1580, ate. Crewe, or Crew, Sir Thomas. Proceedings and Debates in the House of Commons, Lon., 1707, 8vo. Creyghton, Robert, D.D. See Ckeighton. Crilib, William. Med. Treatise, Lon., 1773, 8vo. Crichton, Alexander, M.D. Ment.al Derangement, Lon., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Table of Diseases, 1805. Tar as a cure for Pulmonary Consumption, 1818. Arnica Mon- tana ; the Lichislandieus ; in Med. Jour., vol. x. Crichton, Sir A. M. Commentaries on some Doc- trines of a dangerous tendency in Medicine, Lon., 1842, 8vo. Crichton, Andrew. Converts from Infidelity, being vols. vi. and vii. of Constable's Miscellany. " These vols, amply Ulustr.Tte the truth of Abp. Sharpe's asser- tion, that the best evidences of Christianity mij^ht be obtained from the death-bed." — Loioiides^s Brit. Lib. Koch's Revolutions of Europe; from the French, 3 vols. ISmo. " A most usefid work, and written with much care.' — IIeehex. History of Arabia, Ancient and Modem, 1848, 2 vols. sm. 8vo. '■ We recommend this able and elaborate work to our readers, as the only one in the Knglish lan^masie to which they can refer with the expectation of obtaining.' satisfactory information on the history and national character of the .\rabs." — Lon. Mnnthly Fev. Scanilinavia, Ancient and Modern; being a History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, by A. Crichton and Henry Wheaton, author of the Hist, of the Northmen, Ac, 2 vols, sm. Svo ; 2d ed., 1848. " To the student of our own early records, this work will prove a T.aluable auxiliary." — Asintic Journal. " A complete account of its subject." — Lon. Spectator. Crichton, James, " Tho Admirable," can hardly claim much space as an author, but shall not be altogether omitted. His birth has been generally placed in 1551, but Lord Buchan has decided that he was born in August, 1560. His lord.ship also settles upon .July, 1582, as the time of his death. He was the son of Robert Crichton, Lord Advocate of Scotland, and was descended by his mother, a Stuart, from King Robert II. After studying at the Perth, and at the University of St. Andrew's, and "acquiring a knowledge of ten languages, and all the sciences when 16 to 20 years of age," (!) he travelled abroad, and visiting Paris, Venice, Rome, Ac, challenged the Rabbi of the different universities to learned disputa- tions upon any subject whatever. He was killed, it is said, in a rage of jealousy, — a lady, of course, being the exciting cause, — by Vincentio, his pupil, a son of Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua. Those who would know more of one of the most remarkable characters of history, must con- sult the works of Sir Thomas Urquhart, Bayle, Joannes Iniperialis, Francis Douglas, Patrick Fraser Tytler, and the article by Dr. Kippis in the Biog. Brit., partially com- piled from a MS. drawn up by the Earl of Buchan, for the Society of Antiquaries at Edinburgh. In the Biog. Brit, will be found four Latin Poems, the only literary remains of the Admirable Crichton. " The.se will not exhibit him in a very high point of view, {^ome foncy, perhaps, may be thought to be displayed in tho longest of his poems, which was written on occasion of his ap- proach to the city of Venice. . . . The other three poems have still less to recommend them. Indeed his verses will not stand the test of a rigid examination, even with regard toiiuanlity." — Biog. Brit. Crichton was as celebrated for his personal beatity, and his skill in fencing, drawing, and other polite accomplish- ments, as for his marvellous erudition. Joannes Iniperia- lis, an ItJilian biographer, cannot say enough in his praise: "What can more exceed our comprehension, than that Crich- ton, in the twenty-first year of his age, should be m.TSter of ten different languages, and perfectly well versed in philosophy, ma- thematics, theology, polite literature, and Jill other sciences? Be- sides, was it ever heard, in the whole compass of the globe, that to *50 ■--.4. CRI these extraordinarv endowments of the mind, should be added a singular skill in fencing, dancing, singing, riding, and in every exen-ise of the gymnastic art!" . ,. . , This is sufficiently high-flown, but Impenahs has not done with us yet; for he goes on to declare that when Crichton died, . ^ .. » . " The report of so sad a catastrophe was spread to tlie remotest parts of the earth; that it disturbed univers.al Nature: and that in her grief for the loss of the Wonder she had produced, she threatened never more to confer such honour upon mankind. The last paragraph is not to be disputed. Certainly the world has since seen no such Phoenix ! AVe should not omit to mention that Crichton's tract of Epicedium lUus- trissimiietreverendissimi Cardinalis Boromei, Mcdiolani, 1584, 4to — so rare that it is asserted there is no other copy known than that in the Sapienza College at Rome— was reprinted in 1S25 by a distinguished book-collector for pri- vate distribution. 25 copies were struck off on paper, and one on vellum. Crighton, Robert. See Creighton. Crimniin, I>. M. Diss, upon Rhetoric, Lon., 1811, Svo. Crimsall, Richard. Cupid's Solicitor of Love, with sundry Compliments, Lon., 12mo. Crine. Management of the Gout, 1758, Svo. Cripps, Henry W. Reports, 1849-50. Laws relating to the Church and Clergy, Lon., 1845, Svo; 2d ed., 1850. '■ Mr. Cripps has taken the happy ria media between too copious and elaborate a Codex of Church Law on the one side, and a txtile mecum of it, in a too abstract and narrow consideration, ott the other.'— 3 i.i/.JVr. 5.151. Cririe, James, D.D. Scottish Scenery; or Sketches in Verse, Ac, Lon., 1803, 4to. ^ Crisp, J. The Conveyancer's Guide, or Law Student 3 Recreation, a Poem, 3d ed., Lon., 1835, 12mo. Mr. Crisp is a wag. He here teaches the principles of Conveyancing in Hudibrastic verse! He insists that Poetry is the ori- ginal language of the Law ! Every lawyer must have it. Crisp, John. Nature of Vision, Lon., 1796, Svo. Crisp, Samuel, son of Tobhas. Christ made Sin, Lon., 1691, 4to. New ed., 1832, 2 vols. Svo. See Crisp, TOBHS. , , ., , " With mxich earnestness we recommend this masterly defence of Dr. Crisp, written by his son; happy such a father, and blessed is such a progeny !"' — Lon. Gtjspd Mag. Christ Alone Ex.alted in Dr. Tobias Crisp's Sermons ; in answer to Mr. D. Williams's Prof, to his Gospel Truth stated, Lon., 1693, 4to. Crisp, Samnel. Two Theolog. Letters, Lon., 1795, Svo. Crisp, Stephen, a Quaker. Charitable Advice, Lon., 1688, 4to. Serms. or Declarations, 1693, 'S4, 3 vols. Svo. A Word in due season, 4to. Crisp, Tobias, D.D., 1600-1642, a native of London, studied at Eton and Cambridge, and afterwards removed to Balicd College, Oxford. He became Rector of Brink- worth. Wiltshire, in 1627. In 1642 he removed to London to escape " the insolencies" of the Cavaliers, who disliked his puritanical principles and republican tendencies. " Where [in London] his opinions [ Antinomiau] being soon dis- covered, he was baited by 52 opponents in a grand dispute concern- ing freeness of the grace of God in ,Jesus Christ to poor sinners, &c. By which encounter, which was eagerly managed on his part, he contracted a disease that brought him to his grave."— ^(/len. Oxon. Surely 52 opponents were too much for a mortal man ! Some good old bishop used to say that when a man en- gaged in controversy, he might bid adieu to peace. If, then, one disputant can rob us of peace, 52 would soon fin- ish the most robust! The principal parties in this contro- versy were Williams, Edwards, Lorimer, &c. against Crisp, and Chauncey Mather, Lohb, ic. on his side. Crisp loft them to carry on the war — ho died in 1642 — and it was maintained for seven years. After his death 14 of his serms. were pub. under the title of Christ Alone Exalted, 1643, Svo; 17 serms. do., 1644, Svo; 11 serms. do., 1646; 2 serms. do., 1683, Svo. Christ made sin, Lon., 1691, 4to. New ed., with Explanatory Notes and a Memoir by Dr. Gill, 1832, 2 vols. Svo. See an account of this celebrated controversy in Bogue's Hist, of the Dissenters, and in Nel- son's Life of Bishop Bull. See Crisp, Samuel, aa(e. The Dr. seems to have been a most excellent man, however erroneous may have been his views. '• Ills life was so innocent and harmless from all evil, so zealous and fervent in all good, th.at it seemed to be designed as a practiMl confutation of the slander of those who would insinuate that his doctrine tended to licentiousness." — Lancaster. " He was much followed for his edifying manner of preaching, and fur his great hospitalitv." — Neal. "One of the first patrons of Calvinism run mad.'— Bojue ana Bennett's Hifteiry of the Dissenters. "Crisp's statements are not scripturally guarded, and their ten- dency is to weaken the abomin.ation of sin."— Bickersteth : Cin-ilh tian StiuUnt. . " Crisp s woi'ks, with explanatory notes by Dr. Gill, have m them CRI ^m^iZ ^!;'"„"'"'f "*■ «="«l'«",'^.e »i>a ftults. What is exception- I thi\,llhZ:-^ ^^ H " unqi^lified expressions, rather (ban from the author s mam des.gn. '-Dr. E. Williams : CT,ni(ta I'r.acher. Crispe, Samnel, of Bungay. Serm.,Lon., 1686, 4to. •94 ":''*'' ^^°"'^^- Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1682, Crispin, Gilbert, d. 1114 or im, a noble Noraan, was brought to England by Lanfrane, who made him Abbot of Westminster, which dignity he is said to have enjoyed for 32 years— until his death. Two of his works were printed.^ 1. De Fide Eoclosia contra Juda-os; Tide Sanct Anselmi opera, fob, Parisiis, 1721, pp. 512-544. 2. Vita Aof^% >' Beccensis abbatis primi et conditoris; vide Acta Sanctorum, '- ""«•, "The elementary portion is simple, clear, comprehensive and Croce, Giovanni. Musica .Sacra, 16IIS, 6 Pts "For a full, lofty, and sprightly vein ho was second to none " bee Peacham's Compleat Gentleman Crocker, Abr. Theological, educational, and other works. Elements of Land-Survcying, 1805, 12mo- new ed., by T. (1. Bunt, 1842, p. Svo. ' Crocker, Hannah Mather, grand-daughter of the Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, (p„»t.) and wid,.w of Joseph Crocker of Taunton. Mass. 1. Letters on Free Ma- sonry, 1815; with a Preface by Th.addeus Mason Harris, D.B., who urged the republication of these letters, which originally appeared in a newsp.aper in 1810 2 The School of Reform : Seaman's Safe Pilot to the Cape of Good Hope, by the Seaman's Friend. X Observations on fte Rights of Woman, 181S. This vol. is dedicated to ^Zm-'""'?^ f'?- ^{"^ ^""'^''' ''«" "P -^ statement respecting the history of Madam Knight, the schoolmis- tress of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, (see p. 1040, «o./,) which can be seen in the library of the Antiquarian Society of Worcester, Mass. See Bost. Living Age, No. 735, June ,Sj°,%^'^^'^^^"^"^- Catastrophe of the Pres. Church, Crocket, G. F. H. Abolition of Cap. Punishment, Georgt., Kentucky, 1823. ' Crockett, Col. David. E.'tploits in Texas, 12mo Tour Down East, 12mo. Autobiography, 12mo. Sketches and Eccentricities of. Song Book onercnes to V8,"l™':,"i8?o: ft;. ^''= ^'""'"''° '^ ^"™p^' p"'' 1 Crocus, atiglicd Choke. 4 v^fs"'^'' '*''*■ ^"'''^'"^'''''^ Castle; a Nov., Lon., 1800, Croft, G. The Christian Instructor, Lon., 1S25, ]2mo 1„„ n V *',''°^f''',^-^" l"i7-lS09, Fellow of Univ. CoU lege, Oxford. Theolog. work.s, Lon., 1781-1811. Eight faerms. at the Bampton Lecture, 1786, Oxf., 1786 Svo the „?. 'f ■" *'"'«^rt, d. 1 622, became a R. citholie .at the age of o2, and entered the monastery of the English Benedictines at Douay, where he resided until his death 1. Letters persuasive to his Wife and Children in En-l.and to take upon them the Catholic Religion. 2. Arguments; t ,. , *"'''? '" ""= Answer of his daughter, (M.arv which she made to a paper of his, Douay, circa 1619, 12mo Eight copies printed. See Athen. Oxon . Croft, Herbert, D.D., 1603-1601. son of the preced- ing, was educated .at the English College at St Oiner's returned to England in 1622,lbjured Romanism aiTen: ered the Church of England. Prebendary of Salisbury, Tbl Nnke"? T "r'^°'-'''l««; Bishop of Hereford, 1691 The Naked Truth ; or the True State of the Primitive pro;'e"'hat'pro"' f"' '"'? '"'''''' "' '"^'^ book was lo ^S:: sptrit'^runTty!' ''"'" ^ essentials and should ehe- "If drewtheeyesofallthatcould look imnn if t*„,„« a- • drew Marvel! defended him. See Athen. Oxon Scrms , fJwV. ifis. .^'"•■'t''"''™"'? ^'- Burnet's Theory of the Earth, 1685, 4to. Legacy to his Diocese, or a short deter- mination of all controversies we have with the Papists by Uods Holy Word; being three serms. on John v. 39, &c CRO I^^ i'l"r?u 'S" """"^ '°<"'^»tes the zeal of the bishop on behalf of the Protestant cause. He takes pains to reaffirm his principles in the preamble to his Will • hJt'h y° '" "" "J"™'''? ""DDfr most heartily thank Ood, that he ^os^l To reTfl /"r '°"" -I P'r',"'*' ''^ *'"'' "Sbt of his most holy gospel to recall me from the darkness of gross errors and Donish supers itions mo which I was seduced in my youngerdavs and to settle me again in the true ancient Catholic aid Apo.stolic fatth professed l^ our Church of England, in which I was horn and S taed, [his father embraced Romanism after his son's birth,] andS Croft, Sir Herbert, 1751-1816, of the same family as the above, a native of London, was educated at Univer sity College, Oxford, and afterwards studied law at Lin- coln s Inn. In 1782 he took holy orders, and in 1797 he succeeded to a baronetcy. A Brother's Advice to his Sis- ters, 1775, 12mo. LoveandMadness, 1780,5m. Svo. This was founded upon the murder of Miss Ray, by Hackman. Fanaticism and Treason, 1780, Svo. The Literary Fly 1780. Other works. In 1792 he issued proposals for an enlarged edit, of Johnson's Dictionary, with 20,000 words added and errors corrected. To be pub. in four large folios at £12 12s! We have the original prospectus before us, Md a curious affair it is. The work w.as never completed He wrote the life of Young, in Johnson's English Poets. The Doctor thus honourably mentions his assistant- "The following Life w.as written, at my request, by a gentle- man who had better information than I could easilv h.are ob- tained : and the pul.Iick will perhaps wish that I h.ad solicited and obtained more such favours from him." See BosweU's Johnson, and Memoir of Croft in Gent. Mag., May, 1816, p. 470, and Dec. 4, p 4S7 Croft, Jolin. 1. Wines, 1787, York, 8vo. 2. Scrap- cana; liigitive Miscellany, 1792, Svo. 3. E.xoerpta An- iqua, Svo. 4. Annotations on Plays of Shakspeare. (Johnson and Steevens's ed.,) 1810, Svo. Croft, Robert. Loyal Officer, Lon., 1663 4to Croft, Robert? Terrestrial Paradise; in verso and prose, 1639. Croft, Thomas. Funl. serm.. Lon., 1711 Svo Croft, William, Mus. Doc, 1677-1727, a'celebrated composer of Cathedral Music, organist of Westminster Abbey. Divme Harmony, 1712, anon. Musicus, Ac, 17lD. Musica Sacra, 1724, 2 vol.s.fol. This beautiful work IS the first that was stamped on pewtor plates and in score. Vol. 1st contains the Burial Service, left unfinished by Purcell. See Hawkins's History of Music ; Burney's ditto Crolton, Dennis. Genesis and Geology; or an in- vestigation into the reconciliation of the modern doctrines of Geology, with the declarations of Scripture ; with an Introduction by Edward Hitchcock, D.D., LL.D., Boston 1853, 16uio, pp. 100. ' Crofton, Zachary, d. 1672 ? a native of Ireland ob- tained the living of St. Botolph, Aldgat«, London ; rejected or i\(,nconformity, 1662. He pub. a number of theolog. (controversial) and other treatises, 1660-63. His Dis- course of Patronage appeared in 1675. Crofts, John. Piety and Courage: a serm., 1S13, 12mo Crofts, Robert. The Lover, or Nuptial Love, writ- ten by Robert Crofts to ple.vse himselfe, Lon., 1638, ISmo Crockatt, Gilbert. Letter to Lady Shovell, 1708 Svo Crokc, Alexander, LL.D. Report of Case of Hor- ner vs. Liddiard, Lon., 1800, Svo. Argument in Case of the Hendrick and Maria, 1800, Svo. Remarks on Schle- gel's work upon the Visitation of Neutral Vessels under Convoy, 1801, Svo. Crokc, Sir Alexander. A Genealogical Hist, of the Croke Family, 1823, 2 vols. 4to, £7 7.. Prot-ress of Idolatry and other Poems, 1841. 2 vols. Svo. Schola Salernitan.a, by G. D. Milano ; with an Eng. trans., intro- duction, and notes; by Sir A. C, p. Svo. " How popular this ancient poem must have been, we mav infer Irom Its having passed through ItX.i editions. It is republished now as a bibliographical curiositv; but Sir A. Croke has. in the introduction and notes, gathered together so many interesting tacts, that the volume will be welcomed for itselt as well as tre^ sured as a curiosity." — Athevmim. Essay on the Origin, Progress, and Doctrine of Rhym- ing Latin Verse, with many specimens, 1SJ8, p. Svo. "This is a clever and interesting little volume on an attractive subject; the leisure work of a scholar and a man of taste"— British Critic. Croke, or Crook, Sir George, 1559-1641, educated ^ at University College, Oxford, entered the Inner Temple and m 1628 succeeded Sir John Doderidge as Justice of the King's Bench. In 1636 he espoused the part of Hamp- j den in the ship-money case. Hampden's share, for which j he went to law, was IS shillings, and Lloyd remarks i that It cost the nation £18,000,000 ! Report of Select 4BI CRO CRO Cases in the C. of K. B. and C. P. temp. Eliz., Jas. I. aud Chas. I. ; Freueh, Lon., 1657-61. 3 vols. fol. ; 2d ed., with- out references, 1669, 3 vols. fol. ; 3d ed. iu English, by Croke's son-in-law, Sir Harbottle Grimstone, with many references, &c., 1683-85, 3 vols. fol. j 4th ed., with notes and references to later authorities, by Thos. Leach, 1790- 92, 4 vols. r. 8vo. Abridgt. of the Cases temp. Chas. I., 165S, 8vo. Abridgt. by Wm. Hughes, 1665, 8vo. "A work of credit and celebrity among the old reporters, and which has sustained its character in every succeeding age."' — Chancellor Kent. There has been some dissent to this opinion, but Mr. "Wallace's explanation of the matter appears to us to be satisfactory. See Wallace's Reporters, 23; Marvin's Le- gal Bib., 240 ; Brooks's Bib, Leg., 212 ; Reeves's Hist., 240. Croke, John. RelatJones Casuum Selectorum ex libris. Rob. Kielwey et alias Relationes per Gul. Dali- son et Gul. Bendlues, Lou., 1633, fol. Croke, Richard, {in Latin, Crocus,) d. 1558, a na- tive of London, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. He was Greek Professor at Leipsie, at Lou- vain, and subsequently at Oxford. He was sent by Henry VIII. to intluence the University of Padua to favour the divorce of the king. His letters to Henry may be seen in Burnet's Hist, of the Reformation. Croke pub. several treatises, among which are Introductiones ad Gra;- cam Linguam, Cologn., 1520, 4to, and Orationes. 1520, 4to. Croker, Rev. Henry Temple. Bower detected as an Historian, Lou., 1758, 8vo. Experimented Magnet- ism, 1761, 8vo. The Complete Diet, of Arts and Sciences, 3 vols, fol., 1769. Superseded by later compilations. Croker, Rt. Hon. John Wilson, D.C.L., 1780- 1857, a native of the county of Galway, Ireland, but of English descent, was one of the most prominent literary characters of his day. He died at the house of Sir William Whiteman, at St. Alban's-bank, Hampton, near London. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, called to the Bar in 1807, and from that time to 1832 occupied a seat iu the House of Commons. From 1809 to '30 he was Secre- tary to the Admiralty, and in 1828 was sworn of the Privy Council. His opposition to the Reform Bill, and his decla- ration that he would never sit in a Reformed House of Commons, has enabled him to devote more attention to literary pursuits. His first publication, Familiar Epistles to Frederick E. Jones, Esq., on the Irish Stage, Dubl., 1804, two edits, in the year, displayed that satirical power which is so conspicuous in his articles in the Quarterly Review — originated in 1809 by Scott, Canning, and Croker. In that valuable, if not altogether amiable, ingredient in reviewing, sarcasm, Mr. Croker is thought not to have been a whit behind the great Giftbrd himself. "John Wilson Croker more than approached the editor in par- castic sallies aud biting wit: he gave early proofs of such powers in his poem on the Irish stage ; intimated talents active and argu- mentative in his speeches; and a poetic feeling and spirit approach- ing Scott in his Peninsular battles. To his pen, many articles full of political wormwood are attributed; and also sonie'of the papi-rs on America, which were not received in a tone of thankfulness l\v the men of the West."— Allan Cc.vninguam : £if>g. and Crit. msi. of Lit. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1S53. Mr. C.'s next publication was An Intercepted Letter fVom Canton. This is a satirical picture of the city of Dublin. To this succeeded Songs of Trafalgar; The Bat- tle of Talavera ; Sketch of Ireland, Past and Present ; Let- ters on the Naval War with America; Stories from the History of England. This work (of which 30,000 to 40,000 copies have been sold) was the model of Sir Walter Scott's Tales of a Grandfather. " A good thought came in my head— to write stories for little John- nie Lockhart, from the History of Scotland, like those t;tken finm the History of Koglaud. But I will not write mine quite so simply as Croker has done. I am persuaded both children and the lower class of readers hate books which are written down to their capa- city, and love those that are composed for their elders and betters." We wish that the authors of some modern juvenile books would ponder the above. Sir Walter presented a copy of the First Series to Mr. Croker, with the following note : " My Dear Croker,—! have been stealing from you.and as it seems the tashion to compound felony, I send you a samplt- of the swa>^, by way of stopping your mouth. . . . Always yours. W. Scott."* Mr. Croker has also aided educators and their pupils by his excellent Progressive Geography for Children, which a high authority commends as "The best elementary book on the subject." — Lnn. Quart. Rev. We continue the enumeration of Mr. Croker's works: Reply to the Letters of Malachi Malagrowther ; The Suf- folk Papers; Military Events of the French Revolution of 1830; trans, of Bassonipicrrc's Embassy to England; Hervey's Memoirs of the Court of George the Second, now first pub. from the Originals at Ickworth. "I know of no such near and intimate picture of the interior of a court. No other Memoir that I have read brings us so im- mediately, so actually into not merely the presence, but the com- pany, of the personages of the royal circle. Lord Hervey is, I may venture to say, almost the Boswell of George II. and Queen Caro- liue." — 3Ir. CrohEr''s Preface. The mention of Boswell naturally introduces a notice of the maijnum opus of Mr. Croker — the production by which he is bust known to the popular literary circles — bis edit, of BosweU's Johnson. This work has been already noticed at length in our article upon Boswell. The reader will there see that Mr. Macaulay does not indulge iu rap- turous plaudits of Mr. Croker's valuable labours, and the latter has returned Mr. Macaulay's compliments in his re- view in the Quarterly of The History of England from the Accession of James II. An answer to Mr. Croker's charge of "partial selection" and "misrepresentation of facts" will be found in the " Edinburgh." It is not pleasant to dwell upon these family quarrels ; for surely those who zealously labour for the intellectual advancement of tho race may be properly said to constitute one family. With the exception of contributions to the Quarterly Review, Mr. Croker published nothing for many years. At the time of his death he was engaged in the preparation of an edition of the works of Alexander Pope, iu connexion with Mr. Peter Cunningham, which was announced by Mr, Murray. Mr. Cunningham continues the editorship, (see p. 461,/)o«(.) Essays on the Early Period of the French Revolution, by tho late Rt. Hon. John AVilson Croker; reprinted from the Quar. Rev., with Additions and Cor- rections, 1857, 8vo. He also edited Lady Hervey's Letters, Walpole's Letters to Lord Hertford, and was the author of several lyrical jjoems of merit. Croker, Capt. Richard. Travels through Seve- ral Provinces of Spain and Portugal, Ac., Lon., 1799, 8vo. '' An entertaining and, in some parts, instructive performance."—* Lon. Month!;/ litvtew, 1790. Croker, Thomas. Knavish Merchant, 1661, 4to. Croker, Thomas Crofton, d. 1854, aged 57, a po- pular author, has done much to illustrate the Irish cha- racter and the Antiquities of the country. Researches in the South of Ireland, Lon., 1824, 4to. This volume con- tains a large amount of valuable information respecting the manners and superstition of the Irish Peasantry, Scenery, Architectural Pteniains, &c. Fairy Legends and Trailitions of the South of Ireland, 1825. This edit, contains contributions — which were sub- sequently omitted — by Maginn, Pigot, Humphreys, and Keightlcy. Legends of the Lakes, 1828; new edit, ar- ranged as a Tour to the Lakes, 1853, Daniel O'Rourke, 1828. Barney Mahoney, 1832. My Village versus Our Village, 1832. Tour of M. BouUaye Le Gouz iu Ireland, 1844. The Popular Songs of Ireland, 1839. " Each is accompanied by its history tVom the competent pen of Crofton Croker, than whom no man kuows more of the poetic su- perstitions and the manners aud mytholopy of Ireland." "A volume of sin{;;ular interest and curiosity. It is even more than this — it is a publication of real value, as illustrative of the past aud present condition, both mental and moral, of the most singular people of the world. At the same time, it is, as a collec- tion of vocal compositions, full of the graces and beauty of which that class of poetry is so eminently susceptible."— iwi.A'arai and Military GazHte. Mr. Croker pub. in 1838. 2 vols. 8vo, the Memoirs of Joseph Holt, General of the Irish Rebels in 171*8, edited from his original MSS. in the possession of Sir William Betham. " These Memoirs are wild, eccentric, and adventurous." — Lfm. Ntw Monthly Magazine. "AVe hi-arti!y recommend the general and his editor (whose notes in themselves are copious and interesting) to our readers." — Lmi. Athcncvinn. "Of Crnftou Croker it may truly be said, as of his countryman, Oliver Goldsmith, Jtullum tttigit (pi,nd non firnavit, (long may he adorn our literature with such works as the present, before the compliment can be used in his epitaph!) aud of his coadjutor in this work, the worthy Ulster Kin^r, that he too has done ixood ser- vice in preserving these curious records belonging to Irish history. The work contains adventures of extraordinary and rouiantia character, aud everybody will read it." — Lon. Literary Gazette. The reader will find further details of Mr. Croker's lite- rary life in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for Oct., 1854. Croker, Walter. A Letter to an M. P., Lon., 1816. Crole, or Croleus, Robert. See Crowley. Croly, Rev. (>eo., LL.D.. one of the most voluminous writers of the day, was b. in Dublin, 1780, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He has been for many years Rec- tor of St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, London. We classify his works according to their sul^jects. 1. The Apocalypse of St. John ; a New Interpretation, Lon., 1827, 8vo. " An original and powerfully- writ ten volume. . . . The sketch CRO CRO wbk'h completes Ihe volume is evidently the result of great labour and researrli, and abounds with most important historical infor- mation.'' — liarnf's Introditc. 2. Divine Providence j or the three Cycles of Kevela- tion. 1S34, 8vo. '' To I>r. Croly belongs the hi;rh and lasting praise of lending new forces to the defenders of religion, and adding a new wing to the temple of the Christian Faith." — Lrm. Gait. Mag. " Dr. Croly is a man of vivid imagination, but the misfortune is, that bis imagination runs away with him. His language, there- fore, is rich and often eloquent; but his ideas are for the most part quite fanciful and unsound." — British <_yitic, 1S34. 3. The True Idea of Baptism, 1850, Svo. 4. Sermon on Marriage, 2d ed., 1836, Svo. 5. Sermons on Important Subjects, 1849, Svo. (As connected with a subject which excited great interest in England and America, we should not omit to mention that in 1842 Mr. D. Croly pub. an Index to the Tracts for the Times ; with Dissertations.) 6. Serms. preached in the Chapel of the Foundling Hospital, with others preached in St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, in 1847, 1848, Svo. "Clearer, more nervous, and in the true sense of the term, sim- pler, discourses, have not appeared for many years; their style is in general true Saxon, their m.atter strong, their theology sound and scriptural." — GiJfiUari's Litt^rary Barlraits. *J. Speeches on the Papal Aggression. 8. Exposition on Popery and the Popish Question. 9. The Popish Supre- macy; two sermons, 1850, Svo. 10. Works of Jeremy Taylor. With Life and Times of the Author, 1838, 8 vols. p. Svo. " A beautiful edition of the best works of this eloquent and ad- mired author." 11. Scenes from Scripture, with other Poems, 1851, Svo. "Kmincnt in every mode of literature, I)r. Croly stands, in our judgment, first among the living poets of Great Britain." — Lon. Standard. "An admirable addition to the library of religious families." — John Bull. 12. Marriage with a deceased Wife's Sister. 13. On the proposed Admission of Jews into Parliament. 14. Works of Alex. Pope, with Memoirs. Notes, and Critical Notices on each Poem, 1835, 4 vols. 12mo. 15. Pride shall have a Fall ; a Comedy. This is an early production of Mr. Croly. 16. Catiline, a Tragedy, with other Poems, Svo. " There can be no doubt that this, whether considered as a poem or as a drama, is a splendid perfomiance, and one which must greatly elevate the name of Croly." — Blackwood's Mag. 17. Verse Illustrations to Gems from the Antique, sm. Svo. " Mr. Croly's genius is too well known to need our commenda- tion. We can safely say. that tbi-si- illustrations will add a wreath to his laurels." — Lon. New Mai^thhj Ma,j. 18. Paris in 1815. and other Pocuis.Svo. (his first work.) 19. The Angel of the World ; an Arabian Tale, l.'i20. 20. Sebas- tian ; aSpanish Tale. 21. Poetical Works, 1830, 2 vols. p. Svo. " Full of lofty imaginings and poetic thought, we will venture to say, that there is hardly a theme which M r. ( 'r. '\v has not awoke with a masterly hand, and hardly a sympathy ulji.h he has not touched, in the great and multifarious range of Kulijects embraced in these volumes." — Lon. Literary Gcufttf, 22. Beauties of the English Poets, 12mo. 23. The Mo- dern Orlando; a Poem, 1846, Svo; 2d ed., 1855. " One cannot but regret that Dr. Croly has not carried out his original purpose of prolonging the poem to a ramble in other cities and scenes of modern tr.avel. Fragmentary as it now is. it is by far the best thing of the kind that has been written since Byron." — Ltm. Literary Gazette. 24. Character of Curran's Eloquence and Politics. 25. Political Life of the Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke, 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo. "_A valuable contribution to our national Ht.T.if ore. an effectual antidote to revolutionary principles, and .i l]);l^(^•r]y analysis of the mind and writings of the greatest philosopher and statesman in our history." — Britantiia. 26. Historical Sketches, Speeches, and Characters, 1842, p. Svo. 27. Tales of the Great St. Bernard, 3 vols. p. Svo. 28. Year of Liberation in 1813, 2 vols. p. Svo. 29. Sala- thiel, a Story of the Past, the Present, and the Future, 1827, 3 vols. p. Svo. " We have risen from the perusal of the volumes before us, just as we have felt after losing ourselves in the absorbing interest of Shakspeare's finest tragedy. Every page is instinct with the energy of passion, or with some glowing picture of romantic gran- deur—the tender, the affecting, and the pathetic— the ardent, the heroic, the devoted— all that can excite the highest and most dra- matic of our feelings. There is, we will venture to predict, in Salathiel, the germ of perpetuity; it is not destined, like some other works of imagination, to be read and forgotten."— Xon. Gent. Magazine. "One of the most splendid productions among works of fiction that the age has brought forth."— ion. Mlirtirrnm. " There are many natural scenes, and passages tender and elo- quent, but somewhat cold and stately; it abounds in descriptions on which all the splendours of fancy and language are lavished. . . . . The author in his poem of ■ May Fair' was more at home; it contains passages which, for condensed vigour of thought and langiuage, and sharp severity of rebuke, are not to be paralleled in the ' Legion Club' of Swift."— ALL.1N Ci'S.ningham : BiOii. and Crit. Hist, of Lit. 30. Marston; or, The Soldier and Statesman, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 31. The Personal History of King George the Fourth, 1S30, Svo; 2d ed., 1,«41, 2 vols. p. Svo. "These volumes have a higher degree of Interest than could possibly arise from merely tracing the personal career of tJeorge the Fourth. They are a history of his age; introducing us to all the great statesmen and wits of that period; aliuuiiriing in rapid and masterly sketches of character, brilliant reticiiion. and plea- sant episodes; and embodying all that information current iu the best-informed circles of the day. which is necessary to be known if we would thoroughly understand the transactions of the period." — liritannia. " Dr. Croly is an almost universal poet. He is grand and gor- geous, but rarely tender and affectionate; he builds a lofty and magnificent temple, but it is too cold and stately to be a home for the heart." — Mrs. H.\li,. Cromartie, or Cronicrty, George, Earl of. Con- spiracies of the Earl of Gowry and Robert Logan against King James VI., and a Vindication of Robert III., atria, professio, religio : liborum tituli, volumnia, editiones variae, Londini, 1672, 8vo. The compiler actually arranges his author.s under their Christian names ! Of the whims of book-makers there is no end ! Crowe, Wm., DD. Serms., 4c., Lon., 1720-44. Crowe, Wm. Serms. and Orations, 1781, '88, 1800. Lewesdon Hill; a Poem, Lon., 1786, '88, 1804, 4to. '* A poem of very considerable merit." — Lowndes. Treatise on English Versification, 1827. p. 8vo. Crowell, William, born 1806, at Middlefield, Mass. Church Member's Manual, 12mo, 2d ed., 1852. Church Member's Hand Book, 1851. Also many Sunday School Books. Ed. Christian Watchman, 1838-48. Crowfoot, Wm. Observ. on Apojjlexy, Lon., 1801, Svo. Crowley, John. Thoughts on theEmancipatiou of the Roman Catholics, 1811, 8vo, Crowley, Robert, d. 1588, a divine, poet, bookseller, and printer, was educated at, and became Fellow of, Mag- dalen College, 0.xford. He was made Archdeacon of Here- ford, and in 1558 was collated to a prebend at St. Paul's, London. In 1550 he pub. the 1st ed. of Piers Plowman's Vision, and with the same design — to expose the vices and follies of the age — he put forth 31 Epigrams. For a list of his works and notices of them, see Strype's Life of Par- ker and his Memorials ; Tanner and Bale; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry; Watt's Bibb Brit, ; Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. ; and Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Crowley, Thos. Life of M. de la Sarre, 1751, 12mo. Crowley, Thomas. Payment of Tithes, 1776, 8vo. Crowne, or Crown, John, a native of Nova Scotja, obtained considerable notoriety at the court of Charles IL as a writer of plays, 18 of which are enumerated in the Biog. Dramat. Of these. The Destruction of Jerusalem, 1677, 4to, and City Politiques, 1675, 4to, seem to have been among the best. He also wrote Pandion and Amphigenia, 1665, Svo, and Daeneids, 1672, 4to, and trans. Boileau's Lutrin. " He may assxu-edly be allowed to stand at least in the third ranla of our dramatic writers." — Biog. Dramat. Crowne, Wm. Travels of the Lord Howard, Lon., 1637, 4to. Condemned, as abounding in errors and imper- fections. Crownfield, Henry. On the Scriptures, 1752, Svo. Crowquill, Alfred, (Alfred Henry Forrester,) b. 1806, brought up to hisfathcr'sprofessionof Public Notary at the North Gate of the London Royal Exchange, where his family had practised the same prolession for a century be- fore. Commenced his literary career at the age of 15, by a swarm of papers in various monthly publications of the period. At the age of 20 practised drawing, with a de- termination to illustrate his own works, pub. Leaves from his Memorandum-Book, — a volume of comic prose and verse illustrated by himself, and various caricatures in the fashion of the day. In the same year he published Ec«en- tric Tales, 1 vol. Svo, illustrated by himself. In 1828 he was solicited by Mr. Colburn to join the celebrated clique of authors then engaged to produce the Humorist papers in his Magazine, — Theodore Jl.mk, Benjamin Disraeli, and a host of others. He wrote the Humorist's introduction. He left this Magazine to join Bentley's celebrated Mis- cellany, with Dickens, Father Prout, "Tom Ingoldsby, Dr. Maginn, Ac. He was also the first illustrator of Punch and of the Illustrated News. An exhibitor of large pen- and-ink drawings at the Royal Academy. Painter in oil, from which many engravings were published. Designer and modeller. He designed the statuette of the Duke of Wellington produced a fortnight before the duke's death, which he presented to her Majesty and the allied sovereigns. The Wanderings of a Pen and Pencil; a large antiquarian book profusely illustrated. Comic English Grammar. Comic Arithmetic. Phantasmagoria of Fun, 2 vols. Svo. Bentley Fun. A Bundle of Crowquills. Magic and Meaning It, 1 vol. Scrap Books, innumerable. Railway Raillery. St. George and the Dragon, ph)l. "Amongst all the early philosophical writers of our country, there is no one who displayed so complete a mastery over the me- taphysical systems of antiquity, and no one who has left behind him so vast a monument of varied and accurate learning, as Ralph Cudworth. the author of the Intellectual System." — MorelVs Hist, of Modem Philosfiphy. It is pleasing to reflect that to the eminent Cudworth may bo added the title of good as well as great : " An excellent and Warned divine, of highest authority at homo and abroad." — Lord Shaftesbury: Cttaracteri.stic^. An unimpeachable authority thus enthusiastically com- mends Cudworth : " He was a great man in all parts of learning, divine and hu- man ; an honour to Kmanuel College, where he was educated, to Christ's College, where he afterwards presided, to the whole Uni- versity of Cambridge, which he adorned ; and to the church and age in which he lived." — Bishop BurtNET. AVill not the University of Cambridge, thus honoured by his name, honour his memory by publishing his MSS. ? How much would the world be the gainer by the reflec tions of so profound a thinker as Cudworth upon such sub- jects as "Moral Good and Evil;" '' Liberty and Necessi- ty;" "The Seventy Weeks of Daniel;" "The Creation of the World;" "The Learning of the Hebrews;" " The Notion of Hobbes concerning God and Spirits!" We feel some pride in recording the fact that an edition of The True In- tellectual System of the Universe has been published in America — Andover, 1837, 2 vols. r. Svo — and an edit, of his whole works has recently been issued in New York, 2 vols. Svo. Wo must not omit to recommend to the reader the ex- cellent edition pnblishotl in London in 1845, 3 vols. Svo, which contains the learned Notes and Dissertations of tho Latin edition by Jloshciin, translated by Harrison. Ciulworlh, Wm. Sermons. &c., 1747, '60. Cuff, or Cuffe, Heury, 15G0?-1601, Greek Prof, at 4SI CUF CUM Morton College. Oxford, was executed at Tyburn as a par- I Top. Brit. ; see No. 23. A Remarkable Frost, Phil. Trans., tifipant of the treason of the Earl of Essex. The DiffercDCe of the Ages of Man's Life, Lon., 1607, 8vo. He left some papers evincing great learning. See Wood's Atben. Oxon. Cuffe, Maurice. News from Munster, Lon., 1642. 4to. Cuitt, George. Hist, of Chester, 1815, 8vo. Etch- ings of Ancient Buildings, 1816, fol. Wanderings and Poncillings amongst Ruins of the Olden Time, 1848, r. fol. " These plates are etched with great freedom, and remind us of the etchings of Kome, (by Pyranesi,) to which they come nearer than any modern work of British Art of a similar class."— ion. Times. Culbertson, Robert. Serm., 1817. Lectures on the Prophecies of St. John, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. *' Itather tedious, but always sensible." — Orme. '* The production of a man of no ordinary endowments." — Lon, Congregational Mag. "One of the most judicious expositions of the Book of Reyela- tion." — Lon. £A:hctic Jiev. Culham, B. P. The Fig Leaf; a Poem, 3d ed., 1805. Cull, Francis. Sermon, Lon., 1732, 8vo. Cull« Richard. Garrick's mode of reading the Li- turgy : new ed., Lon., 1840, 8vo. Culleu, Arch. Principles of the Bankrupt Law, 1800. "Written with brevity and distinctness; omitting nothing that is material, and introducing nothing that is unimportant." — Lon. Monthly liojiew. Cullen, C. S. The Bankrupt Court, 1830. Cullen, Charles. Chemical Analysis of Wolfram, Lon., 1785, 8vo. History of Mexico, 1787, 2 vols. 4to. Cullen, Edmund, M.D. Phys. and Chem. Essays, 1785-91. Cullen, Margaret, daughter of Dr. Cdllen, of Edin- burgh, q. V. Home; a Novel, 1803, 5 vols. Morton; a Novel, 1814, 3 vols. 12mo. Cullen, Michael. Churchwarden's Guide,Dubl.,1823. Cullen, Paul, R. C. Archbishop of Armagh, conse- crated Feb. 24, 1850, has written a work, '■ afKrming the immutability of the earth, on the ground of his interpre- tation of the theological records." — Jfcn of the Time, Lon., 1853. Cullen, Stephen. The Castle of Inchvally ; a Tale, alas ! too true. 1796, 3 vols. 12mo. The Haunted Priory,8vo. Cullen, VVm., M.D., 1712-1790, a native of Lanark- shire, made several voyages to the West Indies as surgeon in a London trading vessel. He afterwards settlecl at Shotts, where he entered into copartnership with Dr. Wm. Hunter. In 1746 Cullen was appointed Lecturer on Che- mistry in the University of Glasgow, and in 1751 became King's Professor of Medicine. In 1756 he accepted the chair of Chemistry in the Univ. of Edinburgh, and in 1763 succeeded Dr. Alston as Professor of Medicine. When obliged by physical infirmity to resign his office to Dr. Black, he became associated with Dr. Gregory in the lec- tures on the practice of physic. Synopsis Nosologia; Me- thodiciB in usum Studiosorum, Ediu..l769, 8vo ; many edits.; the best by Dr. John Thompson, 1814, Svo. Lectures on the Materia Mcdica, Lon., 1772, 4to ; pub. without the author's consent; reprinted with his permission, 1773, 4to; Cullen's own edit., 1789, 2 vols. 4to. The last is the edit, to be sought for. It is still one of the best works on the subject. The Recovery of the Drowned. Edin., 1775, Svo. First Lines of the Practice of Physic, Edin., 1776-83, 4 vols. Svo; many edits. Dr. Rotherham's, Edin., 1796, 4 vols. Svo ; several edits, by Dr. P. Reid ; last, 1816, 2 vols. Svo. The 7th edit, in 2 vols. Svo. with Notes, was pub. by Dr. Gregory. Clinical Lectures, 1765, '66, pub. by an au- ditor, Lon., 1797, Svo ; by John Thompson, Edin. ,1814, Svo. Of Cold : Ess. Phys. and Lit., 2 p., cxlv., 1766. This tract is also pub. with some Experiments by Dr. Black, Edin., 1776-82. The amiability of Dr. Cullen's character elicited the love, whilst his professional attainments commanded the respect, of his associates and the public at large. See his Life by Dr. Anderson in The Bee, vol. i. Culley, George, 1734-1813. Observations on Live Stock, Lon., 1786, Svo. Agricult. of Northumberland, 1797, Svo; in conjunction with J. Bailey. "The tre.ifise on live stock has ever been very justly esteemed, and the county survey shows an enlightened mind." — Donaldson^s ■ Agricult. Jiiog. Culloch, Mc. See McCitlloch. Cullum, Sir Dudley. Stove ; Phil. Trans., 1694. Cullum, Rev. Sir John, 17.-13-1785, FeHow of St. Catherine Hall, Cambridge : Rector of Hawstead, 1782 ; Vicar of Great Thurlow, 1774. The Hist, and Anticp of Hawstead and Hardwick, Suffolk; 2d ed., with Notes by his brother. Sir Thomas Gery Cullum. Lou., 1813, r. 4to. 200 copies printed. The 1st ed. was pub. in Nichols's Bib. 1784. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, Cullum, Sir Thomas Gery. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1794. Mem. Med., 1792. See article next above. Cullyer, John. Gent, aod Farmer's Assistant, Lon., 1798, 12mo. " I'sefuUy compiled." — Dmald^oii' s JgricuU. Sing. Tables for Gentlemen, Farmers, &c., Norw., 1803, 12mo. Culmer, Rev. Richard. Cathedrall Newes from Canterbury, Lon., 1644, 4to. " A most vile pamphlet." — Histi Oxon. Dean and Chapter Newes from Canterbury, 1649, 4to. Minister's Hue and Cry, 1651, 4to. Lawless Tithe Robbers Discovered, 1655, 4to. " Mr. Hichard Culmer was an ignor.int person, and with his ig- norance one of the most daring schismatics in all that country, [Kent.]'' — Archbishop L.\iid. See an account of Culmer — " Blue Dick of Thanet"— in Wood's Fasti Oxon. Culpepper, Sir John. Speech in Parliament, 1641,fnL Culpepper, Nathaniel. Almanack, Camb.,1686,8vo. Culpepper, Nicholas, 1616-1654, "student in Phy- sic and Astrology." was a violent opponent of the Royal College of Physicians. He pub. a number of works on Medicine, Medical Botany, Astrology, the Aurum Potabile, &o. : see Watt's Bib. Brit. His English Physician, 1652, fol., has passed through many editions. His Herbal is not without merit : " His descriptions of common plants are drawn up with a clear- ness and distinction that would not have disgraced a better pen." — Dr. Pulteney. Culpepper, Sir Thomas. Moral Discourses and Essays, Lon., 1655, Svo. ^He pub. several tracts upon Usury, 1661-71, urging the' reduction of the rate of inte- rest. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. Culros, Lady £liz. M. Ano Godlie Dreame com- pylit in Scotish meter, Edin., 1603, 4to. " Lady Culros's Dreame was long popular among the Scottish Presbyterians." — Dr. Letdex. Armstrong states in his Essays that he recollected having heard it sung by the peasants to a plaintive air. Culverhouse, C. Bread Laws, Lon., 1815, Svo. Culverwell, Ezekiel, a Puritan divine. Treatise of Faith, Lon., 1629, 12mo. A Blessed Estate, 1633, 12mo. Meditations, 1634, 12nio. Culverwell, Nath. Light of Nature, Ac, 1652, 4to. Culy, David. Thcolog. works, Boston, 1787, 12mo. Cumberland, Earls of. See Clifford, George, Henry. Cumberland, Denison, Bishop of Clonfert, Ire- land, 1763; of Kilmore, 1772. Serm. on Luke xv. 10, 1764, 4to; on John xvi. 2, 3, 1765, 4to. Cumberland, George. Anecdotes of the Life of Julio Bonafoni ; with a cat. of his Engravings, Lon.^ 1793, Svo. Lewina. &.C., 1793, 4to. Hafod, and the neigh- bouring scenes, Ac, 1796, Svo. Orig. Tales, 1810, 2 vols. Con. to Nic. Jour., 18U7, '10. '11. Cumberland, Richard, 1632-1718, Fellow of Mag- dalen College, Cambridge ; Rector of Brampton ; presented to the living of AU-hallows, Stamford, 1667; Bishop of Peterborough, 1691. 1. De Legibus Natura; Disquisitio Philosophise, Jtc, ct Elementorum Philosophic Hobbianas Refutatio, Lon., 1672, fol. Lub. ct Francf., 1683, 4to. In English by J. Maxwell, Lon., 1727, 4to. Abridged in English by T. Tvrrell, Lon., 1692, Svo. Trans, with Notes by Rev. John Towers, Dubl., 1750, 4to. In French by Barbeyrac, Amst., 1744, 4to. " Ce 'ijvre est un des meilleurs sur le droit naturel, quoique un peu abstrait." This work, like mo.st others upon the same difficult sub- ject, has been superseded by Rutberforth's Institutes of Natural Law, (Lon., 1754-56, 2 vols. Svo.) " Which we think decidedly pi'cferable to any other production on that topic, with which we are acquainted." — Hojfman's Legal Study. 112. 2. An Essay towards the Recovery of Jewish Weights and Measures, 1685, Svo. "It discovers great sagacity, learning, and research. The sub- ject is attended with many difficulties, which the bishop of Peter- borough combats, pei-haps as successfully as could reasonably be expected. The work n.is attacked by Bernard in a Latin work on the same subject, loiblishi'ii twoyears after; but it is highly spoken of by Le Clorc." — urme; liiljl. Sib. " A good treatise on the subject."— Bickersteth : Chris. Sluiknt. 3. Sanchoniatho's Hist, of the Phoenicians, trans, from Eusebius de Prcparatione Evangelica, with a continuation of it by Eratosthenes Cyranieus, his Canon, &c., 1720, Svo, posth. " A curious and learned work Perhaps there are more learn- ing and labour thrown away on these fragments, than theh im- portance deserves."— Orme, ubi supra. CUM CUN 4. Origines Gentium Antiquissima; ; or Attempts for diseoveriug the time of the first plantiug of nations, 1724, 8vo» posth. '* Many curious and obscure particulars are embraced in this work. They are very similar to some of the in ves titrations of Michaelis and Bochart, and are pursued with similar ingenuity and diligence." — Ibid. *'See especially Tract iv., Concerning the possibility of a suffi- cient increase of men from the three sous of Noiih, to a number large enough to found all fh-- nalirnis mentinnnd in the oldest cre- dible histories," kz.—McCuUn,:h'^ Lit. of I'uld. Ecnnnmy. 253. The pastoral industry, atiectidiiate zeal, and fervent piety of Bishop Cumberland, were as conspicuous as his learning and theological acumen. Cumberland, Richard, 1732-lSll, was son of De- nison Cumberland, Bishop of Kilmnre, grandson of the celebrated Dr. Bentley, and great-grandson of the Bishop of Peterborough. He was educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became secretary to Lord Halifax, and in 1780 was employed on a secret mission to Spain and Portugal, which resulted in a loss of credit and money. A debt of £5000, expended by him for the pub- lic service, was disowned by the ministry, and Cumberland was obliged to part with his patrimony, and retire to Tun- bridge Wells, where he devoted himself entirely to those literary pursuits which had been a source of recreation in better days. We notice some of his principal productions. His comedies of The West Indian, The Wheel of Fortune, The Jew, and The Fashionable Lover, were most favour- ably received, and possess unquestionable merit. Pie dis- plays a higher tone of morality than dramatic literature can always claim, and Goldsmith did not hesitate to style him "The Terence of England, the mender of Hearts." His novels, Arundel, Henry, and John de Lancaster, are devoid of that vivacity and sprighttiness which con- stitute the soul of fiction. How far his female readers may have resented a characteristic noticed by an eminent authority, we shall not pretend to determine : *■ He had a peculiar taste in love affairs, which induced him to reverse the natural and useful practice of courtship, and to throw upon the softer sex the task of wooing, which is more gracefully. as well as naturally, the province of the man." — Sir Walter Scott. He pub. several theological tracts, a Version of Fifty of the Psalms of David, The Exodiad, and a poem entitled Calvary, or the Death of Christ. His Anecdotes of Emi- nent Painters in Spain during the 16th and I7th centuries, abound in interesting and curious information. In 1785 he pub. in 2 vols, the series of Essays under the title of The Observer, enlarged in 1786, pub. in 5 vols, in 1790, and in 1803 incorporated with the British Classics. '' The Observer, though the sole labour of an individual, is yet rich in variety, both of subject and manner; in this respect, in- deed, as well as in literary interest, and fertility of invention, it may be classed with the Spectator and Adventurer. If inferior to the latter in grandeur of fiction, or to the former in delicate irony and dramatic unity of design, it is wealthier in its literary fund than either, equally moral in its views, and as abundant in the creation of incident, I consider it. therefore, with the exception of the papers just mentioned, as superior, iv Us poivers nf attraction, to every other periodical composition." — Dr. Drale't: Essays, vol. v. His last work, pul). in the year of his death, ia entitled Retrospection, a Poem in Familiar Verse. The work by which he will be best known to posterity is his Memoirs, interspersed with Anecdotes and Characters of the Most Distinguished Persons of his Time, 1806, 4to. Supp., 1807, 4to. With Illustrative Notes, edited by Henry Flanders, [see p. 602. post,] Phila., 1856, 8vo. '■ It is indeed one of the author's most pleasing works, and con- veys a very accurate idea of his talents, feelings, and character, with many powerful sketches of the age whii'h has passed away." — Sir Walter Scott. Cuming, Patrick. Serm., 1746, 8vo ; do., 1760, Bvo. Cuiniug, Ralph, M.D. Amanuensis Med. et Chir., Lon., 1S06. 8vo. Cuming, Wm., M.D.. 1714-178S, of Dorchester, Eng- land, pub. nothing himself, but aided in Hutchin's Hist. of Dorset, and in other publications. Cumings, Henry, D.D., of Billerica, Mass., died 182.^. Fourteen Discourses, pub. separately, 1783, &c. Cumming, Alex., of Boston, Mass., died 1763. Serm. preached at his own installation, 1761. '■ It is a specimen of his t,ilents, and of his regard to the truths of his gospel." — SewaWs Funl. Serm. Cumming, Alex., d. 1814. Clock and Watch Work, Lon., 1766, 4to. Gravitation, Edin., 1803, 4to. Broad Wheels of Carriages, 1804, 4to. Cumming, James. Fcltbam's Resolves, with an ac- count of the author, Lon., 1S06, 8vo. Cumming, John, D.D., b. 1810, a native of Aber- deenshire, Scotland. In 1832 he became minister of the Scotch Church in Crown Court, Covent-Garden, London. *'He has distinguished himself as a popular preacher, an acute and skilful controversialist, and a diligent and suc- cessful author." Many pages might be quoted in commen- dation of his works, although they have not escaped severe criticism. His writings are so numerous that a mere enumeration of titles demands more space than we can well afford. I. Church of Scotland. 2. Apocalyptic Sketches. 3. Lectures on the Seven Churches. 4. Lect. on Christ's Miracles. 5. Lect. on the Parables. 6. Lect. on Daniel. 7. The Finger of God. 8. Christ our Pass- over. 9. The Comforter. 10. A Message from God. II. The Great Sacrifice. 12. Christ receiving Sinners. 13. Is Christianity from God? 14. Sab. M. Headings on Genesis. 15. On Exodus. 16. On Leviticus. 17. Benedictions. 18, Voices of the Night. 19. Of the Day. 20. Of the Dead. 21. God in History. 22. Infant Salvation. 23. The Baptis- mal Font. 24. Lectures for the Times. 25. Christian Pa- triotism. 26. TheCommunion-Table. 27. Almost Protestant, &c. : 4 Lectures. 28. The Church before the Flood. The following numbers, 29 to 30 inclusive, have been pub. in a vol., under the title of Occasional Discourses: 29. Liberty. 30, Equality. 31. Fraternity. 32. The Revulutionists. 33. The True Charter. 34. The True Succession. 35. Psalm for the Day; Expos, of Ps. xci. 36. Thanksgiving; Ex- pos, of Ps. ciii. 37. Our Father ; a Week's Family Prayers. 38. An edit, of The Pulpit Psalm Book; Church of Scot>- land. 39. An edit, of Fox's Book of Martyrs. 40. An edit, of Albert Barnes's Notes. 41. Trans, of the last French edit, of Bonaventure's Psalter of the Blessed Vir- gin. 42. Discussion upon Protestantism, with Daniel French, Esq., held at Hammeri^mith in April and May, 1839. 43. The Tent and the Altar. 44. Daily FamUy Devotion, 4to. Other works. The sale of Dr. Cumming's works has exceeded that of the productions of any other theological writer of the day. " The Rev. John Cumming is now the great pulpit orator of Lon- don, as Edward Irving was some twenty years since. But very different is the doctor from that strange, wonderfully elotjuent, but erratic man. There could not by possibility be a greater con- trast. The one all fire, enthusiasm, and semi-madness; the other a man of chastened energy aud convincing calmness. The oae like a meteor, flashing across the troubled sky, and then vanish- ing suddenly in the darkness; the other like a silver star, shining serenely, and illuminating our pathway with its steady ray." "Often have we beard Dr. Cumming, but never without having noticed that be referred either to the Apocalyptic mysteries or to Papacy. These are his two great topics. . . . By many able persons it is considered that Dr. Gumming is mistaken in many of the pre- dictions which he utters, aud that his great abilities are wasted on mysteries which, after all, are unfathomable by mortal mind."^ Pen-Fictures of Popular English Preachers, ed. 1852, 13-28, g. v. "Careful research, acute argmnent, brilliant illustration, graphic description, and eloquent appeal, all unite in enriching and embel- lishing his papers, [Lectures for the Times,] alluring the most indif- ferent to read, and compelling the most prejudiced against his views to pause and consider." — Edinburgh Ecde.nustical Journal. Cuminiug, Preston, Dictionary of Congregational Principles, Boston, 1852, 12mo. Cummiug, R. G, Five Years' Lion Hunting in South Africa, Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed.. 1850. '* It is difficult to lay the volumes down until the issue of each adventure, as they rapidly follow one another, has been ascer- tained." — Lon. Quart. Ifeview. Cummin^s, Abr., 1755-1827. Theolog. treatises. CumminE:s, George. Sermon, Lon., 1713, 8vo. Ciimmiiig^s, Jacob A,, 1773-1820, of Boston, pub. a number of popular educational works. Cummings, Maria, an American authoress. The Lamplighter, Boston, 1854, 12mo. So great is the popularity of this work, that 40,000 copies were issued within eight weeks from its first publication, and seventy thousand in about a twelvemonth. "There is to us a charm about this story which we cannot fully express. . . . We thank Miss Cummings heartily for the pleasure she has given, and is yet to give, to thousands of readers. May her present success — deserved alike by the merits of her book and her motive in writing it — stimulate her to fm'ther and to more Buccessfui exertions I" — Norton's Lit. Gazette. Mabel Vaugban, Bost., 1857, 12mo. "It is a charming story, to which the character of 'Rose' gives the same interest and beauty which little 'Gertrude' and the old 'Lamphghter* gave to the author's first production; while, con- sidered as a piece of literary mechanism, it is more finished and better sustained. The interest of the stoiy does nut flag, and its arrangement and execution are far in advance of 'The Lamp- lighter.' " Cummings, R. T. Church of Ireland. 12mo. Cummying, Mrs. Susannah. Estelle, Lon., 1798, 2 vols. 12mo. Juvenile Biography, or the Lives of Little Children, 1801, 2 vols. 12mo. Cuuinghame, Alex, Dissertatio Medica de Epilep- sia. Lugd. Bat, 1725, 4to. Cuuinghame, David, Dissertatio Medica de Dy- sentaria, Tr. ad Kh., 1725, 4to. CUN Cmiiiigliame, James. Warnings, Lon., 1711, 8vo. Cuninghame, Mm. Evidences, Lon., 1804, 12mo. Levi's Diss, on Prophecies, ISIO, 8vo. Apostasy of the Church of Koine, 1818, 8vo. Seals and Trumpets of the Apocalypse, &c., 1813, 8vo; 4th ed., 1843, 8vo. •' Few works which have lately appeared on the Apocilypse have higher claims to the character of research and InRenuity. Many of'his remarks on the seals and trumpets are original and weu '"" A Mdierly written and truly valuable work."— T. H. House. See Lon. Christian Observer, xiii. 163-180. "This work contains much valuable instruction, just applica- tion and true exposition All of Mr C.'s works deserve consi- deration."— Bickebsteth : see Christian Student and Guide to tbe Prophecies. , , ., i ui.. This learned layman has pub. several other valuable theolocical works. . , ^ , .■ "Mr Cuninch.amo deserves well of every friend to revelation for his zeal and perseverance in defending its evidence and illus- trating its subjects."— Obme: BiW. B.6. -,~,. ,. Cunn, Samuel. Mathcmat. works, Lon., 1714-4S. Cunningham, Alexander, 1654-1737 ? a native of Ettrick, Scotland, was British Envoy to Venice, 1713-20. The celebrated criticisms on Horace, pub. in 1721, 2 vols. 8vo, and some remarks on Virgil, pub. 1742, have been ■ittributed to this person, but there seems to be but little doubt that the annotations in ciuestiou are to he ascribed to another Alexander Cunningham, who died at the Hague in 1730. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet, and Scots Mag. for Oct 1804. The subject of this article wrote The History of (i'reat Britain from 1688 to the Accession of George I. Trans, from the Latin into English, by Rev. Dr. Wm. Thom- son, and pub. by Rev. Dr. Thos. HoUingberry. " it contains manv curious anecdotes and tacts not to he found in other histories, and which throw new light on several important transactions in this kingdom." r t>i i Cunningham, Allan, 1785-1842, a native of Black- wood near Dalswinton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, was the son of a gardener. He was apprenticed to his uncle, a country mason, but feeling dissatisfied with this position, he removed in 1810 to London, whore he became connected with the newspaper press. In 1814 ho was so fortunate as to obtain the situation of Clerk and overseer of the esta- blishment of tlie celebrated sculptor, Sir Francis Chantrcy. This association was only dissolved by the death of Sir Francis in November, 1841. Cunningham survived his friend and patron less than a twelvemonth. He industriously devoted his leisure time to those literary pursuits lor which he had a sta-ong natural predilection, and obtained an ho- nourable position among the celebrities of the day. Among his earlier compositions were many of the pieces in Cromek s Remains of Nithsdale and Galloway Song, pub. in ISIO; q. V. In 1822 appeared his dramatic poem of Sir Marma- duke Maxwell. . "Manv parts of the poetry are eminently beautiful. . ..ihe feult which, I think, attaches to Lord Maxwell, is a want of distinct precision and intelligibility about the story, wliich counter.acts. especially with ordinary readers, the effect ol beautiful and forciUe diction, poetical imagery, and animated description. — iir HufJtr Scott's Utters U< Ua AuHmr. , „„„ „ i 2. Traditionary Tales of the Peasantry, 1822, 2 vols. 3 LordRoldan; a Romance, 3 vols. 4. Sir Michael Scott ; a Romance, 3 vols. 5. Paul Jones ; a Romance, 3 vols. "It has established the author's character as one of the most dis- tinguished writers in the province of fiction."- iwj.iv; Jlfoii(W^J/.i;7. 6 The Maid of Elwar; a Komanee. 7. Songs of Scot- land, Ancient and Modern, with an Essay and Notes, his- torical and literary, 1825, 4 vols. cr. 8vo. ^ " ' The Ettrick fhepherd has collected not a few of those things._ said Scott, ' and 1 suppose many snatches of song may yet^be found. Cmni-ngimm: ' T have gathered many such things myself, !^ir V al- ter and as I still propose to make a collection of all Scottish songs of poetic merit. I shall work up many of my .stray verses and cu- rious anecdotes in the notes.' Scott: •lamgl.adthatyouareabout such a thing : any help xvhich I can give you, you may command ; ask me auy questions, no matter how many, I shall answer them if I can Don't be timid in your selection ; our ancestors fouglit boldly, spoke boldly, and sang boldly too."' gee Cunningham s llecoilections of Scott, in Lockhart's Biography of Sir -(V alter. 8 Lives of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculp- tors', and Architects, 1829-33, 6 vols. 12mo. In Murray's Family Library. Perhaps the most popular of Cunning- ham's works. ,.,.,. . ,. "The critical observations profusely scattered through these Biographies will render them useful to the student, while the per- sonal .anecdotes with which they abound make them equally allur- ing to the ordinary reader." 1 Ti-r. 9. Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Literature of the last !• itty Years; pub. in the London Athen.Tum for 1833 ; repub. in Paris Svo. 10. Tlio Works of Robert Burns, with a New Life and Notes, 1834; 2d edit, 1835, 8 vols. 8vo. This edi- tion is highly commended. 11. Biog. and Crit. Disserta- tions to Major's Cabinet Gallery of Pictures, 1833-34, 2 vols. r. Svo; 73 beautiful engravings. 4eo CDN " A magnificent work, and a treasury of instructive criticism." —Dr. Dihd-in's Hemmisccnces. Only two days before his death Cunningham completed, 12 The Life, Journals, and Correspondence of his friend Sir David Wilkie, pub. in 1843, in 3 vols. Svo. Sir Robert Peel had remarked, " If ever Sir David Wilkie's correspondence shall see the light, it will, I am confident, serve to add to the honour in "hich he is already held, from the devotion which is manifest to his art, and the generosity which it testifies towards every competitor. It is no small praise conferred by a London journal of high authority, that , ■ , .„ . "Mr lllan Cunninglmm has done justice to his sulject. ana produced a work of great interest and utility ."-CraU'm.msJ/ay. In addition to the works noticed above, we should not omit to record the fact that, Mr. Cunningham was a contri- butor to the excellent Conversation Lexicon, pub. by Blackie & Son, of Edinburgh, in 28 parts, and to several of the periodicals of the day. In 1847 an edit, of his Poems and Songs was pub. by his son, Mr. Peter Cunningham. " •The works of the most tender and pathetic of the Scottish min- strels, in a cheap and elegant form."-i;!acli»ood's Mag Many interesting particulars, letters, ic relative to oul author will be found in Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott, with an extract from which, and a few lines from a distin- euished female critic, we must conclude our article: _ -NmemJx'rli.—Vfe breakfasted at honest Allan Cunningham s —honest Allan— a leal and true Scotchman of the old cast. A man of genius, besides, who only requires the tact of knowing when and where to stop, to attain the universid praise which ought to follow it, 1 look upon the alteration of 'It s hame and it s hame,' and ' A wet sheet and ,i tl.iwing sea,' as among the best songs . going His prose has often a.liidralile passages; but he is obscure, Ind overlays his meaning, vlii.h "ill not do now-a-days, when he who runs must read.'-.«/- ir,.ttr .Sco«'s Wo.;^. " His ballads and lyiical pieces are exquisite in feeling, chaste and elegant in style, graceful in expression, and natural in concei^ tion- they will bear the strictest and most critical inspection of those who consider elaborate flourish to be, at least, the second re- quisite of the writers of song."— Mas. Hall. Cunningham, Francis. Origen against Celsus, Caml. ISl'i, Svo. Letter to Lord Bexley, 1827, Svo. Cunningham, Francis. Trans, of Gicseler's Text- Book of Ecclesiastical History, Lon., 1842, 3 vols. Svo. See Davidson, Rev. Samuel, LL.D. „ - . " I prefer Oieseler's to any other Church history."— PROF. StcabT. Cunningham, G. Cheerful Companion; Songs, Catches, and Glees, 1797. . Cunningham, George Godfrey. Forfg" Tales and Traditions, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo. Editor of A History of England in the Lives of Englishmen ; last edit., 1853. 8 vols. 8vc^ Lon. and Ediu. This excellent work is beyond all praise We have occasionally been indebted to its learned and attractive pages, as the reader will observe by the re- ferences in the present work. We should dwell longer upon its merits, but that we find ready for our purpose the fol- lowing eulogies from sources of a higher character than .. " " In"ori.d™litv and excellence of plan, this work is entitled to command an exfensive sale. The matter for ™P!°.'"^"^,':f.^,V'' '°°: densalion.and the style for clearness, vigour, and ™P»' "'''y- "^ emi.u-ntlv distinguished. The introductions are excellent, and ™ uownitliy of our very best constitutional writers. -Lon. *"'l/mbSyin'-'the history of England in the lives of Englishmen, and the nl^refi approach,' compatibl.. with truth, to »he h.st-cal Tilavs of Shakspeare. and the historical ooycls of ^cott. « e w .iruiiy Sommend the work as a mine of valuable information presented in the most attractive torm."—Tait s i^iui. Mug. Cunningham, Isabella, Countess of Glencairn. A Letter to thJ Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval, Bristol, 1812, 4to. Cunningham, J. W., Vicar of Harrow AV orld with- out Souls, Lon., 180.5, 12rao; ni.any edits Esj^y™ 1°?"- duc. Christianity in India, 1808, Svo. The Velvet Cushion, 1814 Svo; many edits. It excited much controversy. Muriiing Thouglits, 1825, 12mo. De Rauce ; a Poem, Svo. Serms., 3d edit, 1823, 2 vols. Svo, and 1824. Lectures on Jonah. Other works. . Cunningham, James. Essay upon the In^"'Pt'»° of Macduff's Crosse in Fyfe. By I. C, Edin., 1678, 4to, also attributed to James Carmichael. " K learned essay."— Bisuop Nicolsos: Sent. Hist. iiO. In Floridum Asaphensem Episcopum, Scotorum Reges, Rcnum, Ritus sacros, ic, 1685. ... >• A writer "who slew the Bishop of St. Asaph in verse. Fi'rfc Bp. Nicolson, lit; siijjra. Cunningham, James. Voyage to China ic, m Phil. Trans., 1702: and in Harris's Voyages, i. biZ. t.on. *° Cunnhigham, Major James. Brigade "f I^f^^'^y 1804, 4to. Tlie T.ielies of the Briti.sl. Army 1S04, 4to. Cunningham, John, 1729-1773, a native of Dub- lin an actor, gained considerable reputation as a poet. CUN CUR Love in a Mist; a Farce, Dnbl., 1747. Elegy on n Pile ' of Ruins. The Contemplatist; a Night Piece, 1762, 4to. Fortune; an Apologue, 1765, 4to. Poems, chiefly Pas- toral, Lon., 1766, 8vo; Eilin., 1781, 12mo. Cuuniughara, John. Copernican System, Lon., 1789, 8vo. Cunningham, Sir John, a lawyer and antiquary, wrote notes on that part of Antonine's Itinerary which respects Scotland. 8eo Nieolson's Scot. Hist. Lib. Cunningham, Capt. Joseph D, A History of the Sikhs, Lon., 1849, 8vo. '' A more systematic history of the sect calked Sikbs than we had hitherto obtained from the many interesting; sketches which have appeared on the subject." — Lon. Literary Gazette. Cunningham, Josh. Eccles. Courts in Ireland, 1834. Cunningham, Josias. Miscell. Poems, 1764, fol. Cunningham, Lady Margaret, a part of her Life ; edited by C. K. Sharjio, Edin., 1826. 4to. Privately printed. Cunningham, Peter, surgeon R. N. Hints for Aus- tralian Emigrants, Lon., 1841, p. 8vo. Two Years in New South Wales, 1828, 2 vols. p. 8vo. " The best book of general information that has been written on that interesting country." — Lon. Monthly Mag. Essays on Electricity, Lon., 1834, p. 8vo. Cuuniugham, Peter, b. 1«16, in Pimlico, eldest son of Allan Cunningham, {ante,) and a sun-in-law of John Martin, the painter, became a junior-clerk in the Audit- Office in 1834, and a chiof-clerk in 1854. 1. The Life of Drummond of Hawthornden, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 2. Songs of England and Scotland, 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Campbell's Spec, of the Brit. Poets. Ac, 1841, r. Svo. 4. The Hand- Book for Visitors to Wcjitminster Abbey. 1842, fp. Svo. *' A very complete and iiittrlligeut guide." — Lon. Spectator. 5. The Life of luigo Jones, 1848. 6. Hand-Book of London, 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1850, p. Svo. "The extraordinary research displayed by the author gives hia work a literary cliarm which ia a novelty in a dictionary." — Cliambers's Edin. Jour. 7. Modern London, 1851, fp. Svo; 3d ed., 1854, fp. Svo. " It is one of the excellencies of this little volume that wherever genius has left a footmark Mr. Cunningham's sympathies induce him to guide us to the track." — Lon. Quar. Kev., April, 1854. 8. The Story of Nell Gwyune, ot, 1750-1817, an eminent member of the Irish Bar and House Vm. Abridgt. aud Cont. of Blackstone's Commentaries, Lon., 1796, Svo; 2d ed., 1809, Svo. " Ably executed, and extremely useful for revision." — Hoffman's Leg. Slu. Curson, Henry. Lex Customaria, 1696, Svo. Comp, of Laws. 1699, 12mo. Sciences Illustrated, 1702, Svo. Estates Taile, 1703, Svo. Arcana Cleriealia, 1705, Svo. Curson, Jolin. Vindication from Aspersions. Curteis, Tliomas. Essays and Sermons, 1704^31. 461 CUR CUR Curteis, Thomas, Serm., Maidstone, 1820, Svo. Curteis, W, C. Reports Ecclesiastical Courts, 1834 -44, Lon., 1840-44, 3 vols. Svo. Case of Mastin r. Escott, 1842, Svo. Cutties, Mariauue, Classical Pastime, in a Set of Poetical Euigmas on the Planets and Zodiacal Signs, 1818. 8ro. Curties, T. J. Horseley. Novels, 1801, '02, '04, '05. Curtiu, Samuel, M.D. Observations on the Yellow Fever of the West Indies; Med. Com., 1785. Curtis* Dissertation on the Unreasonableness, Folly, and Danger of Infidelity, Lon., 1725, Svo. Curtis, Alva, M.D., b. 1797, in New Hampshire; for twenty years editor of Physio-Medical Recorder in Cin- cinnati. Medical Discussions, 1833, 12mo. Lectures on Obstetrics, 1838, Svo. Lectures on the Theory and Prac- tice of Medicine, 1842, Svo; repub. in England, 1847. Medical Criticisms; or, A Review of all Systems, 1856. Curtis, Mrs. Anne, sister of Mrs. Siddons. Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects, Lon., 1783, 12mo. " Published, we presume, for the sake of the subscription, — which might be necessary for the authoress. The pubhc in very frequently addressed in worse poetry." — Lon. Month. Rev., 17S3. Curtis, Benjamin R., b. 1809, "Watertown, Mass., graduated at Harvard University in 1829 ; studied law under Mr. Justice Story in the same institution; practised in Boston; appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Sept. 1851 ; resigned, and returned to the Bar, 1857. 1. Reports of Cases in the Circuit Courts of the United States, Bost., 1854: vols, i., ii., 1857. "It ia almost superfluous to say that these Reports are of great value. Next to the leading elementary treatises, and the reports of decisions in his own State, every American lawyer most needs the reports of the decisions of the United States Supreme Court and of the several associate justices thereof in their respective circuits." 2. Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, with Notes and a Digest, comprising the Cases reported by Dallas, 4 vols. ; Cranch, 9 vols. ; ^yheaton, 12 vols. ; Peters, 16 vols.; Howard, 17 vols. ; Bost,, 22 vols., including a Digest. The Old Series of these Reports are in 58 volumes, the catalogue price of which is $222. This edition is pub. at $3 per vol. "This work contains the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. The opinions of the Court are in all cases given as they have been printed by the authorized reporters, after correct- ing such errors of the press or of citation aa a careful examination of the test has disclosed. *' I have endeavored to give in the head-notes the snhstance of each decision. They are designed to show the points decided hy the court, not the dicta or reasonings of the judges. "The statements of the cases have been made as brief as pos- sible. For many yeare. it has been the habit of all the judges of this court to set forth in their opinions the facts of the cases as the court viewed them in making their decisions. Such a stato- nient, when complete, renders any other superfluous. When nut found complete, I have not attempted to restate the whole case, but have supplied, in the report, such fects or documents as seemed to me to be wanting. "In some cases turning upon questions or complicated states of fact, and not involving any matter of law, I have not thought it necessary to encumber the work with detailed statements of evidence which no one would find it useful to recnr to. These in- stances, however, are few. " To each case is appended a note referring to all subsequent decisions in which the case in the test has been mentioned. It will thus be easy to ascertain whether a decision has been over- ruled, doubted, qualified, explained, or affirmed, and to see what other appUcatiuus have been made of the same or analogous prin- ciples. "The paging of the authorized reporters has be«n preserved at the head of each case, and in each margin of each page, for con- venience of reference; the reporters being designated by their initials,— D. for Dallas, C. for Cranch, W. for Wheaton, P. for Peters. H. for Howard." — Extract front the Preface. " We approve the plan of Mr. Justice Curtis's ' Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States,' and believe that its execu- tion by him will be of much utility to the legal profession and to our country. "Roger B. Tanet, Chief Justice. " I'ETER T. Daniel, Associate Justice. "John McLean, Associate Justice. "Samuel Nelson, Associaie Justice. "James M. W^afne, Associate Justice. "Robert C. Grier, Associate Justice. "John Catron, Associate Justice. "S. A. Campbell, Associate Justice." 3. A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, from the Origin of the Court to the Close of the December Term, 1854, Svo. Curtis, Charles, M.D. Diseases of India, Edin.. 1807. Svo. Curtis, Charles. Answer to Dr. Parr, Lon., 1792, Svo. Curtis, George Ticknor, b. 1812, at "Watertown, Mass., an eminent legal writer of Boston. 1. A Digest of Cases adjudicated in the Courts of Admiralty in the U.S. and in the II.C. of Admiralty in England. Bost., 1839, Svo. 2. A Digest of the Decisions of the Courts of Common Law and Admiralty in the U.S. : vol, i., by T. Metcalf and J, C. Perkins; vols. ii. and iii., by G. T. Curtis, Bost., 1S40-46, 3 vols. Svo. 3. A Treatise on the Rights and Duties of Merchant Seamen according to the General Maritime Law and the Statutes of the U.S., Bost,, 1841, Svo; Lon., Svo. "I think the work is Avritten with great ability, accuracy, and learning, and, if published, it will constitute by far the most valuable treatise now in existence on this highly-important branch of law, and will be worthy of extensivf public patronage." — Joseph Storv. This work should accompany Abbot on Shipping, (q.v.) 4. The American Conveyancer, Bost., 1846, 12mo; new ed., 1847. "Tliis work has evidently been prepared with great care." 5. A Treatise on the Law of Copyright, &c. as adminis- tered in Eng. and Amer.. Bost., 1847, Svo; Lon., r. Svo. " So far as we know, there is in our language no work upon literary property so complete and satisfactory as this treatise by Mr. Curtis.'' — N. Amcr. liev. ** A full and lucid exposition of the law as it is upon the subject in question." — Western Laiv Journal. 6. Treatise on the Law of Patents for Useful Inventions in the U.S. of America, Bost.. 1849. Svo. "It is valuable not only to gentlemen of the law, but to the originators and proprietors of useful inventions generally." — Law Mcporter. 7. Equity Precedents : designed as a Supplement to illustrate and accompany Mr. Justice Story's Treatise on Equity Pleadings : vol. i., 1S50, Svo. "We are much pleased to see a collection of really useful Equity precede, nts collected and edited in the very excellent manner in which3Ir. Curtis has prepared this book." — American Law Journal. 8. The Inventor's Manual and Guide to the Patent- Office, Boston, 12xno. "This is an important work for ingenious men. showing them, when they have made a patentable invention, how a patent is to be obtained and how to protect it from infringement. It is the design of the book to explain the law of Patents to practical men, and to give full directions how to obtain, renew, or extend a patent." 9. History of the Origin, Formation, and Adoption of the Constitution of the U. States, with Notices of its Prin- cipal Framers, New York, Svo : vol. i., pp. 500, pub. in 1855 ; vol. ii., pp. 653, 1858. In the preparation of this work the Hon. Daniel Webster took a lively interest, and almost with his dying breath urged Mr. Curtis to complete what he had undertaken. Mr. Webster at one time designed a work of this character himself. "Yuu have a future; I have none. Yon are writing a History of the Constitution. Ton will write that work : I shall not. Go on, by all means: and you shall have every aid tlmt I can give you." These words were spoken by Mr. Webster but a short time before his death. See a review of vol. i. in Norton's Literary Gazette, New York, Jan. 1, 1855. " Mr. Curtis writes with\'igour and dignity; and his work, if the second volume be equal to the first, will be one of permanent in- terest." — Lfjn. Athenicum. " In fulness and cxplicitness of detail, clearness of method, im- partiality of statement, and the pervading spirit of reverence and love for the Constitution and the Union, Mr. Curtis has equalled the highest expectations of his friends and the demands of the theme. His history umst take its place among the standard works in its department. AVhile it will be read with unflagging interest, its copious index fits it to be a permanent refereuce-book aa to the whole ground that it covers." — N. Amer, Rev., clxxx., July, 185S. (Review of vol. ii.) 10. Commentaries on the Jurisdiction, Practice, and Peculiar Jurisprudence of the Courts of the United States, Phila., 2 vols. Svo: vol. 1., 1854; vol. ii., 1858. "Mr. Curtis's Commentaries is a work of much value. Indeed, it could not fail to be so, coming as it does from the hands of one so justly eminent in the Profession. I take pleasure in recom- mending it,— although my recommendation can hardly be necessary to attract to it the attention of the Profession."— R. B. Tanet. •* Mr. Curtis's book will be of much service, by the clear and luminous exposition it contains of matters interesting not merely to the lawj-er, but also to the statesman and the patriot." — Law jR^orter, Nov. 1854. Curtis, George William, bom in 1824. at Provi- dence, Rhode Island, has attained considerable celebrity as an author. 1. Nile Notes of a Howadii, New York, 1851. 12mo, Lon., 1852. •' A brilliant book, full of vivid feeling and fancy." — Lsigh Hunt. "Of such a land what new thing remains for prose-poet to sing or word-painter to draw? The answer is this httle book,— tlie unrhymed poem— wild, wilful, fantastic, but very beautiful — of a wantk-rer from beyond the Atlantic, who has brought a fresh eye and heart to see the wonders of Egjpt and a master-hand to re- cord tbem." — Lon. Weekly JVews. " We heartily congratulate American literature on this addition to the list in which Melville, Ik 3IarveI, and Dr. Mayo flourish.'' — A\"iv I'ork Albion. " Our Ilowadji is a gentleman of exquisite poetic taste, refined but glowing in feehng and fancy, polished in his style, and alto- gether a most captivating writer." CUR CUS 2. The Tlowndji in Syria, New York, 1S52, 12rao; Lon., 1852. 3. Lotus Eating, a Summer Book, New York, 1S52, 12mo; Lon.. 1852. *' Brilliaut. sketchy, and here and there phild's Oit. of Inspects. Curtis, John H. Diseases of the Ear, Lon., 8voj 5th ed., 1836. ''The results of his experience appear to have been particularly favourable." — Lon. Akd. ami Phys. Journal. Present State of Aural Surgery. " The author appears well versed in its diseases." — Lon. Lancet. Diseases of the Eye, 2d ed., 1835, 8vo. " Whoever will attend to the sensible advice given in the chap- ter on sight and spectacles, will have reason to thank Mr. Curtis for an unimpaired eyesi^^ht to old aa;e." — Lon. Med. and Fhys. Jour. Essay on the Deaf and Dumb. '*■ Mr. Curtis is entitled to the best thanks of the public." — Lon. Lancet. Mr. C. has pub. other valuable works. Curtis, R. Treatise on the Teeth, Oxf., 1769, 12mo. Curtis, Richard, Bishop of Chichester. Sermons, 1573, 75, '76. Trans, of Cardinalis's Treat, on Rom. i. 20, &c., 1577, 8vo, Curtis, Lt. Roger. Particulars of the Country of Labradore. See Ph-il. Trans., 1774. Curtis, Samuel. A Monograph on the Genus Ca- mellia, Lon., 1822, large fol. £3 3«., col'd. £6 IBs. 6^;. The plates are from nature, by Clara Maria Pope. In conjunc- tion with Sir W. J. Hooker. Mr. Curtis superintended the New Series of the Botanical Magazine. Curtis, Thomas. The Existing Monopoly, &c. Aut. Vers, of the Scriptures. Lon., 1833, 8vo. See Home's In- troduction to the Scriptures. Curtis, William, 1746-1799, a native of Alton, Hampshire, had botanical gardens successively at Ber- mondsey, Lambeth, Marsh, and Brompton. 1. Collecting Insects, &c., 1771, 8vo. 2. Fundamenta Entomologiie ; trans, from Linnasus, with addits., Lon., 1772, 4to. 3. Flora Londinensis, Lon., 1774, Ac., fol., revised and improved, by George Graves, extended and continued by Sir W. J. Hooker, Lon., 1835, 5 vols. r. fol., (109 parts,) 647 plates. This splendid work, pub. at £87 4*., has been offered within the last few years for £25 to £30. "This is to the present hour, the only extensive work on the IndiLjenous Botany of this country, which tribes well-coloured re- presentations of the plants in their pull natural size. . . . This important work is now brought to a close, and may justly boast of unrivalled excellence, undiminished splendour, and unabated accuracy." — Lon. Monthly Review. The three grandest Indigenous Floras ever published are The Flora Londinensis, The Flora Danica, and Sib- thorp's Flora Grseca. 4. The Brown Tail Moth, 1782, 4to. 5. Cat. of Plants in the Lon. Botan, Garden, 1784, 12mo. 6. Comp. to the Botan. Mag., 1788, 8vo. 7. Lectures on Botany, arranged by Saml. Curtis, 1803, '04, 2 vols. 8vo. 8. Practical Ob- servations on the British Grasses, 1790, 8vo ; several edits., 1812, 8vo. '• A very useful volume. ... No subsequent work has over- done the merits of the hook in the small compass it contains. The portraits are true in the likeness and correct in the execu- tion." — Donald iion\<: AgricuU. Biog. Some of Mr. C.'s papers will be found in Trans. Linn. Soc, 1791, 1802. To him we are indebted for the origination of the Bota- nical Magazine, commenced in 1737; new series, edited by Samuel Curtis and Sir W. J. Hooker. Complete sets of this work, lacking the last few years, which can be readily supplied, can be had in London. The volumes from 1787 to 1842, containing nearly 4000 plates, accurately drawn and coloured after nature, subscription-price upwards of one hnndred f/uineas, can be purchased for £35 to £45, ac- cording to binding and condition. Curtis, Wm. Observ. on the New Com Bill, 1804, 8vo. Curtiss, N. M., author of Byron Blonday, Haunted Chief, Prairie-Guide, Maid of Saranac, and numerous other Lovelettcs. Curtois, John. Serms., 1684, '85. Essay, 1679. Curwen, B. Proceed, against Sir F. Burdctt, 1810, 8vo. Curweu, John C, M.P. Speeches, 1797. 180'J, Hints on Feeding Stock and Bettering the Condition of the Poor, Lon., 1809, Svo. Observations on the State of Ireland, principally directed to its Agriculture and Rural Population, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo. "The reflections of a man of pood sense, good feelinps. liberal sentiments, and comprehensive views." — Lon. Monthly Rn'i'ic. Curzon, Fre. Lays and Legends of the West, Lon., 1846, 12mo. Curzon, Hon. Robert, Jr. Visits to the Monaste- ries of the Levant, Lon., 1849, p. Svo, with 20 wood-cuts. "We hazard little in prophesyint; that Mr. Curzon's work will be more popular than any other recent set of Oriental descriptions, except Mr. Kin^lakf '?.''— ion. 9»rtW. ffmfw, Ixx.tjv. 461, cir.Lsxvii. 52. e.t Diidm^s Literary Reminiscences. 941. *■ Most agreeable writing, replete with information on most inte- resting points.'" — Lon. Times. " Unusually picturesque and lively." — Lon. AthencPitm. Cushing, itirs., a sister of Mrs. Harriet V. Cheney, (.y. r.,) now (1S55) resides at Montreal, Canada, and edits The Literary Garland. She has pub. several juvenile works aud some poems. Esther, a Dramatic Poem, is com- mended by Mrs. Hale as "a work of deep interest." The Sunday School, or Village Sketches, is the joint produc- tion of the sisters, now Mrs. Gushing and Mrs. Cheney. The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Wharton, written by the mother of thepe ladies, (Mrs. Hannah Foster,) and previously noticed by us as one of the earliest American novels, was republished in 1855. See Foster, Hannah, Cushing, Abel. Historical Letters on the First Charter of Mas?arhusctts Government, Bost., 1839, ISmo. Cushin^, Hon. Caleb, b. ISOO, at Salisbury, Mass., graduated at Harvard College at the age of 17; tutor at Harvard Coll., 1819-21. He was a general in the late Mexican War, has occupied several public posts in his na- tive State, and been Representative in Congress, Attorney- General of U. States, .; Boswell, 3026, £4; Dent, pt. 2, 1193, £2. See Dibdin's Literary Reminiscences j Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. Cuyler, Rev. C. C. The Signs of the Times, Phila., 12mo. Cuyler, Rev. Theodore Ledyard, born 1S22. in New Y'ork. Str.ay Arrows, New I'ork, ISmo. Contributor to several periodicals. Cynewulf, Kenulf, Kenulfns, or Chenulfus, who died 1008, was made Abbot of Peterborough about 992, according to Hugo Candidus, the historian of Peter- borough. He is supposed to have been the author of some religious poems in the eolleclion of Anglo-Saxon poems in the Exeter and Vercelli MSS. Mr. Kemble discovered the name concealed under a playful device. Whether Mr. Kemble's Cynewulf be the Abbot of Peterborough or not, is a question involved in some obscurity. D. Dabney, J. P. Annotations on the Bible, New York, 12mo. An edit, of The Now Testament, by William Tyn- dale, the Martyr, Andover and New York, 1S37, Svo. " The Anglo-American edition is edited with much industry and taste by the liev. J. P. D.ibney. It contains first a reprint o"f the London edition just noticed, [pub. in 1S;1C;] secondly, the essential variations of Coverdale's, Matthew's, Cranmer's, the Genevan, and Bishops' Bibles as marginal readings, thus presenting a complete variorum edition of the vernacular versions; and thirdly, a pre- tace,and an interesting memoir of the martyr Tindale, recast from the memoir cnnipiled by the London editor, a list of Tyndale's writings, an account of the early vern.%cu]ar versions, select colla- tions of the first and second editions of Tyndale, and a tabular list of the more common distinctive expressions used by him." See Ilorne's Bibl. Bib.; Biblical Repository, x. 496. Dabney, Richard, a poet and scholar, born in Louisa county, Virginia, about 1786, of an ancient family, " known in early times in England by the name of Daubeney, and in France by that of D'Aubignfi. Richard was nearly grown before his classical education began, but he made very rapid jiroficiency, and attained a rare familiarity with the best Latin and Greek authors, as well as with Italian and English literature. At the burning of the Richmond Theatre in ISll. when 70 persons perished, he escojied barely with his life, suffering from burns and bruises, which permanently shattered his constitution. In 1812 he pub- lished a small volume of Poems and Translations, of which a second edition much improved appeared in 1815, pub- lished by Mathew Carey, bookseller and publisher, of Philadelphia. The translations, some of them spirited and elegant, were from the Greek of Alcajus, Euripides, Sappho, Tyrta-us, and several minor poets in Dalzell's Col- lectanea GriKca, the Latin of Martial and Seneca, and the Italian of Petrarch, Carlo Fugoni, and others. He early fell into habits of intemperance, which, co-operating with his injuries received at the burning theatre, made him DAB DAL suffer in 1S25 a death of j,'reat bodily pfiin, embittered by disappointment, and the consciousness of uncommon powers almost uselessly spent." Daborne, Robert, A Christian turn'd Turke; a Tragedy. Lon., 1612, 4to. The Poor Man's Comfort: a Trap;i-Comedy, lfi55, 4to. Perm, on Zach. xi. 7, 161S, 8vo. Da Costa, Emanuel Meiidez,fniei;,'n secretary to the Royal Pooiety. d. about 17S8. Nat. Hist, of Fossils, Lon., 1757, 4to. Trans, of Cronstedt's Mineralogy, 1770, 8vo. Conchology, 1776. Svo. Hist. Nat. Testaceorura BritauniEe; in Eng. and French, 1778, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans, on Fossils. &c., 1747, '5.3, '57, '59, '62, " A Gentleman well skilled in Philosophical learning and Natu- ral Knowledge, particularly in what relat4?s to the jlineral and Fossil Parts of the Creation; one exceedingly dili^^ent in his En- quiries; and who, by applying himself with p;ieat assiduity to the Study of Natural History, is likely to be a useful Meniltpr of the Koyal Society, and a zealous Promc^ter of Natural Knowledge, fur the advancement uf whirh the s:inie was founded." Thus complimentary was the certificate recommending Da Costa to a membership of the Royal Society. It was signed by the Duke of Montagu, Martin Folkes, Rryan Fairfax, Henry Baker, Dr. James Parsons, Peter ColHnson, and James Theobald. Much interesting matter relative tu Da Costa will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and an account of his family, comj^iled from his own notes, may be seen in Gent. Mag., Ixxxiii. 21. I>a Costa, J. Fr., Eng., and Spau. Grammar, Lon., 1752. 8vo. Alexandri Pope de Honiine. Jaoobi Thomson et ThomiB Gray, Selecta Carmina ex Britanuica, in Latinam Linguam translata, P;idoua, 1776. 4to. Da Costa, J., M.D. Trans, from the Germ.an of Kol- liker's Anatomy of the Human Body. Phila., 1855, Svo. Dacre, Lady, has acquired considerable celebrity as a novelist. The Recollections of a Chaperon, Lon., 18.33, 3 vols. p. Svo. In 1834 appeared Trcvelyan, 3 vols. p. 8vo. This novel, pub. anonymously, was ascribed both to Lady Scott and Lady Dacre, and declared superior to any pro- duction of a female pen since the publication of Miss Edgeworth's Vivian. Peerage and Peasantry, 3 vols. p. Svo. " We are very anxious to recommend these tales to our readers; and the best proof of the opinion we have formed of them is to be found in this, that, with this anxiety, we have coupled them with the Tales of Wuman's Trials [by Mrs. P. C. Hall.] They will not lose — perhaps they may gain by the comparison."— i?«iViIIiam, Elcmentsof Water Drawing, Lon., 1G60. 4to. Dadd, George H., M.D.. b. 1813, England, settled in U. S., 1839, Veterinary Surgeon. Outlines of Anatomy and Physiology of the Horse, Svo. pp. 306. Amer. Cattle Doctor, Svo, pp. 359. Modern Horse Doctor, 1854, Svo, pp. 432. "A very valu.'iMe work for those who have the care of horses." Manual of Veterinary Science. 8vn. pp. 500, 1855. Ed. Am. A'etorinary Journal. Svo, pp. .3S4. Dacie, John. Almanacks, 155S. 1007, Ac. Dade, Wni. Alnianaclss, 1624, Ac. John and Wm. Dade seem to have pub. almanacks *'for the greater part of the 17th century." Dade, Wm., il. 1790. Proposals for the History and Anti(|nity of Hiddcrness. Yorkshire. IIH?,. Dadby, Joseph. Funl. 8crm.. Lon., 1740. Svo. Dafforiie, Richard. Merchant's Mirror, Lon., 1635. Suhscquently annexed to Gerard Malyne's Consuetudo vel Lex Mercatoria. The Apprentice's 'Time Entertainer Ac- comptantly. 1669, 4to. Dagge, Henry. Considerations on the Criminal Law, Lon., 1772, 8voj 2d ed., 1774, 3 vols. 12mo. A valuable work. Dagse, Jonathan. Serms., 170.3, '09, &c. Dagee, Robert. Proteus; or the Jesuit detected, 1746, Svo. Daggett, Naphtali, P.D., Pres. of Tale College, d. 17S0. .'lerms.. 1767. '70, '73. Ditgleish. Wm., D.D. Bee D.iloleish. Dagley, Richard. Gems, principally from the An- tique, with Illustrations. Part 1, Lon.. 1804, 4to. New cd., 1822, p. Svo, with Illustrations in Verse, by the Rev. Geo. Crolj. Death's Doings ; Prose and Verse, 1826, Svo. 30 Dagnilar, Miss Rose. Gortz of Berlichingen; a Hist. Drnrn. i'rnm the German of Goethe, 1799. Dahme. Sermons. 1755, '58, Svo. Daking, Wm., D.D. Trans, of the Hist, of Catherine, Empress of Russia, 1798, 2 vols. Svo. Serms., 1801, '03, '06. '07, 'OS, '10. Dakins, Wm., d. 1607, one of the translators of the Bible. /e»7J. James I., had assigned to him the Epistles of St. Paul and the canonical Epi.ttles. Dalbiae, Major James Charles. A Military Cate- chism for the use of young officers, 1806. See McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. SO. Dalby, Isaac, 1744-1824. Course of Mathematics, Lon.. ISllo. (tc. 2 vols. Svo. Other mathematical works. Dalby, Joseph. The Virtues of Cinnabar and Musk against the Bile of a Mad Dog, Birm., 1764, 4to. Dalcho, Frederick, 1769-1836, b. in London: came to the U. States while a lad ; was a physician in Charleston, S.C.. 1800. and became an Episcopal minister there in 1819. 1. Evidence of the Divinity of Our Saviour, 1830. 2. His- torical Accountof the Protestant Episcopal Church in South Carolina, Charleston, 1820, Svo. 3. Ahimau Rezon; for the Use of Freemasons. 1822, Svo. Dale, John. Analysis of the Epistles N. T., Oxf., 1662. 12mo. Dale, M. Value of Annuities, Lon., 1777, 8to. Dale, Robert. Cat. of the Nobility, Ac. of England, 1679. Svo. Dale, Samnel,M.D., 1659-1739. Pharmacologia seu manuductio ad Materiam Medicam, Lon., 1693, Svo ; seve- ral edits, much improved, 1737, 4to. Pub. at Leyden, 1739. '51, 4to. "The whole consists almost entirely of Names and Synonymes, with a very brief account of the powers of each medicine." — Dr. ■W.\TT. '•Scarcely in any author is there a more copious collection of synonyms." — T>R. I'ci.tenet. Hist, and Antiq. of Harwick and Dover Court, with an Appendix first collected by Silas Taylor, alian Dornville, and now much enlarged, Lon., 1730. 4to ; 2d edit., 1732, 4to. "That part of this work which rejiards natural history is so cfr pious and accurate as to render the book a real acquisition to science." See Pulteney's Sketches of Botany. Dale contributed several papers to Phil. Trans, Dale, Thomas. De Pareira Brava et Ser.aphia Off., Lugd. Bat,. 1723, 4to. Dale, Thomas. Trans, of Reynault's Entretiena Physiques, Lon., 1731, 3 vols. Svo. Dale, Thomas, b. 1797, London, Canon-Residentiary of St, Paul's, and Vicar of St. Paucras. Widow of Nain, 1818. Domestic Liturgy and Family Chaplain, 1S46, p. Svo. "A valualile substitute for the more etfective practice of com- munion wiiPU circumstances occur to interrupt or prevent attend- ance at public worship.'' — Lfm. Lit. Gaz. Sabbath Companion: 2 Series, 1S44, Ac. '* They are full of truth and beauty; and so may God speed them!" — Ch. of Enffland Qiiar. Review. ■Translation of Sophocles, 1824. Sermons at Cambridge, 1832, '35, '36, 3 vols. Svo. Sermons at St. Bride's, Lon- don, 1830, Svo. The Good Shepherd, 1845. Golden Psalm, 1847. Sermons at Denmark Ilill, Svo. ''Dale's Discourses produce an overwhcliuing effect upon hifl audiences, spoken as they are in the author's calm, solemn man- ner." — Preshijt. Review, Sept. lS3t>. Poetical Works: new ed., 1.S42, sm. Svo. Dalechamp, Caleb. Viudicia^ Salamonis; sive de ejus lajisu statu(iue letcrno, Lon., 1622, 4to. Excrcita- tioues. 1624. 4to. Ilarrisonus honoratus, Cantab., 1632, Svo. Hospitality: on Horn. xii. 13, 1632, 4to. Dales, Major Sanil. An Essay on the Study of the History of Eugland. Lon,, 1809, Svo. Daigarno, George, 1627-1687, a native of Old Aber- deen, was noted for his learning. Ars Signorum, vulgo Character universalis et Lingua phi!osophica,Lon.,l 66 l,Svo. His treatise was enlarged upon by Bishop Wilkins, in his Essay towards a real Character and a Philosophical Language; with an Alphabetical Dictionary, 1668, fol. Daltrarno wrote also Didascolocophus, or the Deaf and Dumb Man's Tutor, Oxf., 1680, Svo. Dalgleish, John. Sermons, Edin.. 1711, 4to. Dalgleish, Wm., D.D. Serms., Edin., 1786, '99,4 vols. Svo. Dalhusins, J. H. Theolog. and other works, Lon. and Edin.. 1689. '91. Dalison, Dallison, or Dallizon, Giilielme. Cases. Reports. Ac. Lon., 1609, 12mo. Reports des divers Cases adjugez en la Court del Common Bank en les Regnes Mar. et Eliz., 1689. fol. Dalison's Reports were collected and pub. with Benloe's, by John Rowe, and others had ap- peared in Ashe and Kcilwey. 465 DAL " Of Dalison litHe is known, and his Keports long since ranlted omon" the antiquities of the Law, and are now almost obsolete and valueless."— A/ai-mn's Legal Bibl., q.v.; also Bridg. Leg. BiW., 19.i ; Wineh's Rep., 4.3 ; and ^Vallace's Keporters, 14. Dallam, James W. Laws of Texas, Bait., 1845, Svo. Dallas, Alevandcr James, 1759-1817, third son of Koliert Charles Dallas, was a native of Jamaica, to which island his father, an eminent physician, had emigrated from Scotland about the middle of the 18th century. Upon his father's return to Scotland. Alexander was placed at an academy in the neighbourhood of London, under the care of James Elphinston. a familiar name to the readers of BoswcU's Johnson. With the great lexicographer, and the equally famed philosopher— Dr. Franklin— young Dallas became acquainted whilst still a student. In 178U he was married to Arabella Maria Smith, a daughter of Major George Smith, of the British Army. In 1781, after the death of his father, Mr. Dallas sailed fur Jamaica, and had resided in that island for two years when he determined to emigrate to the United States. He arrived at the city of New York in 1783, and proceeding to Philadelphia, took the oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- vani.t the 10th day after his first landing on the shores of the United States. In 1785 he was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and in four or five years became a practitioner in the Courts of the United States. It has been mentioned as a striking proof of his industry and zeal in his legal pursuits, that *' Within five years after his admission to the bar. he collected and prepared for puljlication a volume of cases, many of which were decided before the Revolution : a service to the profession, and, we may say, to the law itself at that time, which we, at this day, can scarcely appreciate." See National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Ameri- cans. Phila., 1S53, (article Geouge Mifflin D.yllas,) to which we acknowledge our obligations. In 1791 Mr. Dallas was appointed Secretary to the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania, and upon the election of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency, he became Attorney of the United States for the Eastern District of Pcniii-ylvania. He continued in this office until October, 1S14. when he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury of the Uuited States. In 1S15 "he undertook the additional trust of Secretary of War, and performed with success the delicate task of reducing the army of the United States." In November, 1816, the country being at peace, its finances arranged, and the machinery of government un- disturbed by any of the obstructions which had so long retarded the harmonious action of its various functions, Mr. Dallas felt that he had a right to claim for his declining years a measure of that repose which he had long post- poned to the pressing exigencies of his adopted country. He therefore resigned his official trusts, and returned to the practice of the law in Philadelphia. But the pressing re- sponsibilities which had so long tasked his mental and bodily powers had doubtless affected his constitution, and he feil an easy victim to an attack of gout in the stomach — the result of exposure to the cold when engaged in an important suit — in about two months after his return to private life. America will ever have reason to cherish with affectionate reverence the memory of the name and services of Alexander James Dallas. As a man of letters — equally conversant with the refine- ments of elegant literature, and the graver studies incident to his professional duties — Mr. Dallas enjoyed great repu- tation. His contributions to the periodical literature of the day were numerous, and we have the testimony that " Ilis essays will bear a comparison with those of his contempo- raries ; and this is no small pi-aise, for franklin, Hush, and Hop- kiuson were of the number." He was for some time editor of The Columbian Magazine. He published, 1. Featuresof Jay's Treaty, 1795. 2. Speeches on the trial of Blount, and the impeachment of the Judges. 3. The Laws of Pennsylvania from Oct. 14, 17110. to Dee. 1, ISOl; with Notes Republished under the authority of the Legislature. 4 vols, fob, 1797-1801. 4. Address to the Society of Constitutional Republicans, 1805. 5. Reports of Cases in the Courts of the United States and Pennsyl- vania, before and since the Revolution, 4 vols. Svo, 1790- 1807. Vol. i. contains Cases adjudged in the Courts of Pennsylvania, namely, the Common Pleas, Supreme Court, and the High Court of Errors and Appeals, before and since the Revolution to 1789; with an Appendix, containing the Cases of the Court of Chancery in Pennsylvania ; 3d edit, with addits. and copious Notes by Thomas I. Wharton. Vtd. iv. has recently been reprinted, with Notes and Re- ferences by Benjamin Gerhard, Esq. Vols, ii., iii., and iv. contain Cases adjudged in the set-era/ Courts of the United DAL Stiftss and of Pennsylvania, from the year 1781 to Decem- ber Term, 1806, Phila., 1830, 4 vols. r. Svo. With the exception of Kirby's, these are the eldest Re- ports in the United States. In many of the cases the re- porter was engaged as counsel. Of the value of these Reports we have the followiug testimony from an eminent authority: "They do credit to the Court, the Bar. and the Reporter; they show readiness in practice, liljerality in principle, strong reason, and legal learning; the method, too, is clear, and the language plain."— Loud M-ixsriELD. t. r oo Peak's Evid. by Randall, Pref. ; 1 Com. Rep. Pref., 28; 6 Month. Anth., 156; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 249. 6. Exposition of the Causes and Character of the lata AVar, 1815. The author's son, Hon. George Mifflin Dallas, proposed in 1817 to publish a collective edition of his father's works in 3 vols. Among his papers were some unfinished sketches of a history of Pennsylvania, which, if completed, would, from the author's familiarity with the topic and literary .ability, have proved a valuable record of a most interesting portion of the annals of the infant republic. . Dallas, Rev. Alexander Robert Charles, one of the most exemplary and distinguished of the clergy of the Church of England, is a son of Robert Charles Dallas, Esq., (the friend and connexion of Lord Byron,) whose literary labours we shall have occasion to chronicle hereafter. The subject of this notice served for many years as an officer in the English army, and was at every engagement at which the Duke of Wellington was present, throughout the Pen- insular War. He was at the battle of Waterloo, also, as was his cousin and brother-in-law, Mr. (now the Rev.) Charles Dallas, who was badly wounded on that perilous day. After returning to England, Charles Dallas, under the promptings of religious duty, determined to assume holy orders, and his example and friendly counsel induced A. R. C. Dallas to embrace the same sacred calling. The exemplary piety and unwearied zeal in well-doing of these devoted soldiers of the cross, are well known to the world. A. R. C. Dallas for several years laboured with great suc- cess in the work of missions in Ireland. For the following account of this enterprise, we are indebted to the Hon. Judge Kelley, of Philadelphia, who recently spent some days in the hospitable mansion of the Rev. Mr. Dallas. Mr. D. is a first-cousin of our distinguished townsman, George Mifflin Dallas, of Philadelphia, late Vice-President of the United States. '■ Ml . Dallas has undoubtedly been the chief agent and supporter of the missionary work in the west of Ireland. Uis first eflorts in this field were in 18+4, since when they have been unremitting, and have exhibited in a peculiar combination the devotion of the Christian with the activitv and discipline of the soldier. Uis first effort was to establish an efficient body of colporteurs : this accom- plished, he obtained the name and post-office of every farmer throu'-'hout the region in which his labours have since been so eflicient. In January. 1S45. each of the persons whose addresses were thus obtjiined. 25,000 in number, received copies of the tirst of a numerous series of powerful pamphlets. The first, I believe, was entitled 'A Voice from Heaven to Ireland.' Since then Mr. Dallas, though faithful to hischarge at Wonston, and meeting with great frequency the committees connected with the mission at Exeter Hall— has passed a portion of each year in Connaught, and is personally known and loved by thousands of its inhabitants. In 1S47 he assisted in founding the Connemara Orphan House, which was first filled with those whose parents were swept from them by the famine and cholera of 1846. Some idea may be formed of the extent and blessed results of these labours, from the fact that churches were consecnated by the Archbishop of Tu.am in AuL'ust. 1852. the entire congregations of which had but a short period before been attached to the church of Rome." Mr. Dallas is the author of many excellent works, the beneficial influence of which upon the public mind of Great Britain it would be difficult to exaggerate. We annex a list; 1. Practical Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, Lon., 1823, 12mo. ,, . " The great recommendation of Mr. Dallas's Sermons is their plainness and simplicity: the style is easy and elegant, and with all its plainness never degenerates into homeliness." — Lon. Cln-is- tian Jiancmbrantyr. 2. Pastoral Superintendence, its motive, detail, and sup- port, 1841, Svo. ^ _, , " Many useful practical hints."— BM'frsWft's Chrishan Sluaent, 3. Ciiratc's Ofl'ering; Village Serms., 12mo. 4. Intro- duc. to Prophet. Researches, 12rao. 5. Lent Lectures on Christ's Temptation, ISmo. 6. Ministerial Responsibility, 12mo. 7. Miraclesof Christ, 18mo. 8. Parables of Christ, ISmo. 9. Realizing; the Strength of an Efi'ectual Minis- try, ISmo. 10. Rise, Progress, and Prospects of Roman- ism, Svo. 11. Scriptural View of the Position of the Jews, 12mo. 12. Serms. to Country Congregations. 13. Chris- tian Mission at Castlekerke, 1S49. 12mo. 14. Look to Jeru- salem; or the Position of the Jews, 5th ed., 1853, ]2mo. 15. Missionary Crisis in the Church of England, 1842, 12mo. DAL DAL Ifi. Pastor's Assistant. 3 vols, in 1, 1842, ]2nio. 17. Cot- tager's Guide to the New Testament, 6 vols., 1830-45, 12mQ; 18. To the Acts of the AposUes, IS47, ]2mo; 19. To the Epistles of St. Paul, 1849. I2mo. 20. My Churehynrrl. 2d ed., 1848, 12mo. 21. Book of Psalms arranged for Devo- tional Readings, 2d ed., 1847, 32mo. 22. Revelation Read- ings; vol. i., 1848, 12m(); vol. ii., ISJl, 12mo; vol. iii., 1852, 12mo. 23. Th.j Point of Hope in Ireland's Present Crisis, 1849; 2d ed., 1850, 12rao. 24. Prophecy upon the Mount: 2d ed.. 1848, 12mo. Transuhstautiation, 1857, Svo. Dallas, E. S. Poetics: an Essay ou Poetry, Lon., 1853, p. Svo. Dallas, E. W. The Elements of Plane Practical Geometry. Lon., 1855, Svo. Dallas, George, of St. Martin. Sy.stem of Styles as now practicable within the kingdom of Scotland ; in 6 parts, Edin.. 1697, foL, 1774, 2 vuls. 4to. Dallas, Sir George, Bart., 1758-1833, a native of London, of the same family as A. .T. Dallas. A Speech, praying redress against an Act of Parliament, Lon., 1786, Svo. The India Guide; a Poem. Thoughts on our pre- sent Situation, with remarks on the Policy of a War with France, 1793, Svo. Letters ou the Trade between ludia and Europe, 1S02, 4to. Letters to Lord Moiraon the Pulit. and Com. State of Ireland. Vindication of the Justice and Pulicy of the late "Wars carried on in Hindostan and the Dekkan, by Marquis Welle.^ley, 1806, 4to. A Biographical Memoir of the late Sir Peter Parker, Bart., Captain of his Majesty's Ship Menelaus, &e., 1815, 4to. Other publica- tions. The remarks on the policy of a war with France were greatly admired by Win. Pitt, and, at his suggestion, reprinted for general distribution. We give an extract from a letter of Robert Southey's : " 8ir Georf^e Dallas has sent me .'some marvellou-s varies by a son of his, not yet thirteen — as preat a prodi;^y as I have ever read of. Verse appears as easy to him as speech ; Latin verse isat bisfinfrers' end like EngUsh; and he has acted a part in a play of his own composition, like another Koscius." — To C. H. Tow/islteiid, Esq., ApriJVZ, 181S. Dallas, George Mifflin, LL,D., b. July 10,1792,in the city of Philadelphia, is a son of Alexander James Dallas, a native of Jamaica, and one of the most distinguished aud useful of America's adopted sons, (v. ante.) Indeed, in but few families have so many members risen to distinction and eminent public usefulness as in that of the subject of this notice. His grandfather. Dr. Dallas, who emigrated from Scotland to Jamaica about the middle of the 18th century, was one of the most firominent professors of the particular branch of science to which his energies were de- voted. Of his four sons, Robert Charles Dallas became one of the most voluminous and useful writers of his age ; and Alexander James Dallas, Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of War of the Federal Republic, deservedly acquired by his public services a commanding position in the eyes of the American people. Their sister, Miss Dallas, married Capt. Byron of the English navy, and was mother of the present and seventh Lord Byron. To the same family belonged the distinguished brothers, Sir George Dallas, whose political writings were so warmly admired by William Pitt, and Sir Robert Dallas, President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Is'or have the wisdom of the Bench and the deliberations of the councils only, been indebted to this House : in the Church it is ably represented by those excellent religious instructors through the pulpit and the press, the Rev. Alexander Robert Charles Dallas, and Rev. Charles Dallas, who, after gaining military laurels in the Peninsula aud at Waterloo under Wellington, are now zealously engaged in the promotion of the best inte- rests of the human race. Of the three sons of Alexander James Dallas, the eldest rose to the rank of Commodore in the American navy, the third was the late Judge Dallas of Pittsburg, and the second, George MitHin Dallas, after occupying many pub- lic positions, was, in 1844, elected to the Vice-Presidency of the United States. The particular incidents connected with Mr. Dallas's career, which belong to political rather than t^i literary history, will not be expected in this volume. The reader will find an excellent biographical sketch in the National Portrait Gallery, Phila., 1853; and his visit to England whilst yet a youth is noticed by his noble con- nexion. Lord Byron the poet, in his correspondence with Robert Charles Dallas. We may mention an amusing in- stance of the early display of that principle of sturdy de- mocracy for which Mr. Dallas has been distinguished through life. Upon his arrival in England he called upon and paid his respects to his distinguished connexion. Lord George Gordon Byron, and awaited a call in reply. His uncle, R. C. Dallas, informed him that peers were not in the habit of returning visits to those of inferior rank to their own, and that it was his place to visit his lordship. But the young republican declared that he should not call again unless his first visit were returned. Lord Byron was not a little amused by this practical exhibition of repub- licanism, and complied with the code thus recommended to him, and invited Mr. Dallas to visit him at Newstead. 1. An Essay on the expediency of erecting any Monu- ment to Washington except that involved in the preserva- tion of the American Union: printed in 1811. 2. An Ad- dress to the Democrats of Philadelphia in vindication of the War of 1812 : delivered ou the 4th July, 1815. 3. An Appeal to the Democracy of Pennsylvania, for the election of William Findlay as Governor : in 1817. 4. A Vindica- tion of President Monroe, for authorizing General Jackson to pursue the hostile Indians into Florida: in 1819. 5. An Oration on Reverence and Love of our Country, before the Cliosophic and Whig Societies, at Princeton College: in 1831. 6. An Oration at Lafayette College, Easton, on the Public Character of Pennsylvania: iu 1834. 7. AnAppeal to the People of Pennsylvania in favour of having a formal Bcrutiny instituted by the approaching Constitutional Con- vention, as to the corrupt creation and fraudulent invalidity of the Charter granted by their Representatives to the Bank of the United States : in 1836. 8. Address before a Com- mittee of the Legislature pursuing an Anti-Masonic inves- tigation ; denouncing and resisting their course as a viola- tion of the private rights guaranteed to the citizen by the Constitution: in 1836. 9. An Address to sustain the nomi- nation of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency: in 182S. 10. A Lecture before the Mercantile Institution on Russia; in lS4n. 11. Defence of Comm. Jesse D. Elliott, before a Court Martial: in 1840. 12. An Oration in Commemora- tion of the Centennial Anniversary of Jefferson's Birth- Day: in 1843. 13. Eulogy on Andrew Jackson: at the public celebration of bis Obsequies by the citizens of Phila- delphia: in 1845. 14. Speech of Vice-President Dallas to the Senate of the United States, on giving his casting vote in favour of the new Tariff of duties on Imports: in 1846. 15. Vindication of the Vice-President's casting vote on the Tariff of 1846, in a series of letters: in 1846. 16. Address as Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institute, on laying the corner-stone of the edifice at Washington: in 1847. 17. Speech at the Celebration of the Centennial Anniver- sary of the foundation of the College of New Jersey : in 1847. 18. Published Letter on the practicability and ex- pediency of securing by the treaty of peace with Mexico the right of way, and of opening a Ship Canal across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: in 1847. 19. Thoughts on Mr. Trist's Treaty of Peace with Mexico: in 1849. 20. Eulogy on the Life and Character of James K. Polk: in 1849. 21. Letter to Mr. Bryan, of Texas, on the character of the Federal Constitution, and the aj'proach of danger to the Union: in 1851. 22. Speech on the trial of William Ho- gan, a Roman Catholic Priest, indicted for an assault and battery on Mary Connell. 23. S])eech in the Senate of the United States, on Nullification and the Tariff: in 1831. 24. Speech in the U. S. Senate on the Constitutionality and Equality of the Apportionment of Federal Representatives by the Act of 1832, under the Fifth Census: in 1832. 25. Speech in the U. S. Senate in vindication of Edward Livingston, nominated by President Jackson for the office of Secretary of State : in 1832. 26. Speech to the citizens of Pitti^burg on the War, Slavery, and the Tariff: in 1S47. 27. Speech to the citizens of HolHdaysburg: in 1S47. 28. Speech to the citizens of Philadelphia in Town-Meet- ing, on the necessity of maintaining the Union, the Con- stitution, and the Compromise: in 1850. 29. Speech on the application to the Supreme Court for au Injunction against the Canal Commissioners, on alleged usurpations of power in the management of the Columbia Railroad: in 1853. 30. Speech in maintenance of the legal right of the Corporation of Philadelphia to subscribe to the North Pennsylvania Railroad Company: in 1853. In addition to the works previously cited, we refer the reader to notices of Mr. Dallas and his public services in Democratic Review, x. 158; American Whig Review, xiv. 451: Niles's Register, xliii., Sup. 124; Chase's Hist, of the Polk Administration. Dallas, Robert Charles, 1754-1824, uncle of the preceding, and brother of Alexander James Dallas, was a native of Kingston, Jamaica. He was educated first at Musselburgh, and next under Mr. Elphinston. He was entered of the Inner Temple as a law student, but upon attaining bis majority he returned to Jamaica, where he continued for three years, when he again visited Europe, and was married to a daughter of Benjamin Harst perceptions of reason and uature."-ion. Mouthly J)emw._ live novel in which the incidents themselves afford a lesson both l^;«;^^anacnter,aining.and|hesen,™en.sa.ejdw^..^ud^ spect: . ^ i. 3 '•The whole work is curious, interesting, and instructive, and distinguished for the sincerity of its narrations."— i'jn. Annual ■'We advise the inquisitive to consult the volumes of Mr. Dallas, which certainlv afToirt much of both information and entertain- ment."— Ion. 3foii(/.li/ ^'''t'c'"'. " This book was much esteemed for the simplicity of its narra- tion, and authenticity of its dct.ails."— ion. (kntltman's Mag. 12. The Costume of the Hereditary Estates of the House of Austria, from the French of B. do Moleville, 1804, imp. 4to. 13. Refutation of the Libel on the Memory of the late King of France, pub. by Helen Maria Williams, from the French of B. de Moleville. 1804, Svo. We confess that the zeal with which this excellent man espouses the cause of the "murdered majesty" of France recommends his memory to our profound respect. How long will Ameri- cans degrade thcm.selves, and disgrace the cause of that liberty which they profess to cherish, by extolling the Eng- lish regicides of the 17th, and the French regicides of the 468 •'In saving Ihat this production is superior to the generality of novels -^e shall be thought bv many toexpress ourselves hut coldly of Its m"ri s. Aubrev does.' in fact, deserve a higher commenda- tion It is written with ease, and excites much interest m the mind of the reader."— Brids'i Crttic. 15 Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, from the French of Joseph Weber, her foster-brother, 1805, Svo. 16. The Morlands ; Tales illustrative of the Simple and Surprising, 1805, 4 vols. 12mo. ^ „ . , ••Thus concludes thefir.st Taleof the Morlands: we sha 1 takea short notice of the second hereafter. This Tale is certainly much superior to the general course of novels. The language is natural Tnd chas e. he business, in general, interesling and rapid and he moral effect is such as will often instruct, and can never offend. - '^^ihemStsofhoth his efforts are considerable; our judgment, however, decides for the last."— ^«(iV,>c.*in ii'er.ru.. '■The ;.alue of these works of imagination consists in the faith- ful picture of mankind which they present. Mr.D. s JU^t discri- minations of character are evidences of his awiuaintanc„ with the world Many excellent reflections, and precepts of the best mo- rality, ocur in the work."— ion. ihnlhhj J/mew. 17 The Latter Years of the Reign and Life of Louis XVI., from the French of Hue, 1S06, Svo. IS. The Knights; Tales illustrative of the Marvellous, 180S, 3 vols. 12mo. 19 The Sice of Rochelle, an historical novel from the French of Madame de Genlis, 1S08, 3 vols. 12mo. 20. Not at Home; a Comedy, 1809, Svo. 21. The New Conspiracy against the Jesuits detected and briefly exposed; with a short account of their institutes, and observations on the dano-er of systems of education independent of religion, 1S16 Svo. 22. Recollections of the Life of Lord Byron, from' the year ISOS to the end of the ye.ar 1814, 1S24, Svo. "It certainlv does appear that Mr. Dallas, from the first to the last of his inliiii:icy with Lord Byron, did every thing th.it a filend, with the feelings of a parent, could do to win his lordship to the cause of virtue, but unhappily in vain."— ion. Gmllcmayi s Mail. Mr. Dallas died at St. Adresse, in Normandy, at the ripe "^DallTsrThomas, Surgeon. On the Treatment of a Polypus in the Pharynx and CEsophagus ; Ess. Phys. and Lit iii 525, 1771. Sequel to the preceding, by Dr. Monro, iv. 634. Fatal Histories of dift'crent Tetanic Complaints, in which the most, powerful remedies were employed m vain; Annals of Med., iii. 323, 1797. Dallas, VV. S. 1. Nat. Hist, of the Animal Kingdom, Lon 1S56, p. Svo. 2. Elements of Entomology, 1867, p. Svo. "Tn every thin- .■.^-..thd the book is excellent and will prove a useful guide for tl otM„,MlMgic.il etudeat."— -Innu/s of .\at. Ht.H. Dallaway, Mrs. Harriet. A Manual of Heraldry for Amateurs, Lon., 1S2S, 12mo. .. . , c '• A useful work: the descriptions are concise and simple. Some copies have the cuts emblazoned." r -o ■ . i Dallaway, James, 1763-1834, a native of Bristol, England, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford; Rector of South Stoke, Sussex, 1799 ; Vicarof Letherhead, Surrey, ISOl He officiated for some time as chaplain and physi- cian to the British Embassy at the Porte. He paid much attention to antiquarian pursuits. 1. Letters of Bishop Rundell to Mrs. Sandys, Oxf , 1789, 2 vols. Svo. 2 Inqui- ries into the Origin and Progress of the Science of Heraldry in England, Gloucester, 1793, 4to. " The author of this elegant and erudite work has here, with the nen of a Tacitus, ac-uratelv defined, in a most comprehensive man- ner the rise and progressof the science of heraldry, from the earliest through the most interesting period of British history, accommo- dating the study to modern systems."— J/irnk'sSiW. Beraldtca. In this work Mr. D. reprinted the part of the celebrated " Boke of St, Alhau's," printed in 1486, which relates to Armorial Bearings. 3. Constantinople, Ancient and Mo- dern 1797, 4to. 4. Letters and W.irks of Lady Mon- tagu, from her Original MSS., with Memoirs of her Life, 1806 5 vols. Svo. 6. Anecdotes of the Arts in Eng- land,' 1800, Svo. 6. Walpolc's Anecdotes of Painting in England, considerably enlarged, 1806; 1S28, S vols. " \n admirable puWicition; quite a treasure,— beautiful alike In paper, printing, and engraving, and truly excellent in every tiling which d..pcndcd upon the talents and exertions of its editor. — L'm. Ltleriirtf Gazette. .. „ •■The hives .'if the Painters by Walpole, with notes by the Rev. Mr. Dallaway, form five perfectly '■'■^Pl"'''''';'; "'™,'?k J"„f it° good old times of Bibliomania this work «™W "^jY ' "'''^f* ' 1"'! own accord, into the mahogany book-cases of half the Collections in London."— />iMin'.' Ilibliomavia. , .. „ . , c „ 7 History of the Western Division of the County of Sus- sex, 1815, '19, imp. 4to ; vol. i. and vol. ii. part 1. 500 copies DAL DAL were printed, of which 300 of the 1st vol., and 470 of tho 1st piirt of the 2il, were destr<)yetl hy fire at Bcnsley's print- ing office, Bolt Court, Juno 26, 1819. Parochial Topogra- phy of the Rape of Arundel; new ed. by Cartwright, and Cartwright's Hist, of the Rape of Bramber, (forming vol. ii. of Dallaway's Western Susses.) 2 vols. imp. 4to, 1S30- 32. Cartwright's Hist, of the Rape of Bramber was pub. to complete Dallaway's work, and should not be neglected by the collector. 8. Observations on English Architecture, military, eccle- Biastical, and civil, 1806, 8vo; 1833. " Mr. Dallaway has collectedallthemnst striking facts respecting the Paxon, Norman, and Gothic Architecture. Those whn dt-sire to collect materials respectintr the history and character of the Kn-:- lish Gothic Architecture, will find much that is valuable in this Tolnme; it will indeed be especially serviceable to architectural students." — Lfifi. Atlienaum, 9. Statuary and Sculpture among the Ancients, 1816, Svo. 350 copies were printed, of which 2(10 were destroyed by fire at Bensley's printing office. 10. \Viniam Wyrcestre Redivivus, Bristol, 1823, 4to. 11. Noticcsof Ancient Church Architecture in the 15th Century, Lon.. 1823, 4to. 12. Pic- tures exhibiterl in the Rooms of the British Institution frum 1813 to 1828. In the Arcbicol., xv. 231, 1803. will be found an account by Mr. D. of the Walls of Constantinople. Dallaway, J. J, The Map Pedometer. 4to. Dallaway, R, C. The Servant's Monitor, Lon., 1815, 12mo. Observations on Education, 12mo. Dallington, Sir Robert, d. 1637, aged 76, a native of Ge.ldington. Northamptonshire, was "bred a Bible clerk (as I justly collect) in Bene*t Cullege : and after became a schoolmaster in Norfolk." — FuJIer'n W,.rth!eii. Wood says ho was a Greek schular in Pembroke Hall. A Book "of Epit.iphes made upon the death of the Right Worshipfull Sir Wm. Buttes. To this work, consisting of poems in Latin and Eni^lish. contributions were made by Thomas Coibdld, Heiiric Gnsnolde, Ac. It is now very rare. A Method fur Traiicll. shewed by taking the View of France as it stoude in 1598, Lon.. by Thos. Creede. 8vo. Inscribed '' To all gentlemen that have trauelled.— Rob. Dallington." Survey of the Great Duke's State in Tnscanv, in the year 1596. 1604, '05, 4to. Aphorisms, Ac; 2d ed., 1629, with the clause of Guicciardiue defaced by the Inquisition. '• He had an excclNnit wit and judgment : witness his most accu- rate aphorisms un Tacitus.' — Fuller's Worthies. Dallowe, Timothy, Boorhaave's Chemistry, with the author's correct, and emendat., Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 4to. Dally, FrankFether. Apotheosisof Shakspeare.and other Poems. Lou.. 1848, 8vo. The Channel Islands, 1858. Dalrymple, Alexander, 1737-1808, an eminent hy- drographer, was a son of Sir James Dalrymple, Bart., of New Hailes. In his 16th year he went out as a writer in E. I. Company's service, and was placed in the secretary's office. In 1779 he was appointed Ilydrographer to tho'E. I. Company, and in 1795, upon the "establishment by the Admiralty of a similar office, Dalrymple was selected to fill the post. He took a lively interest in voyages of dis- covery. We notice a few of Mr. D.'s many publications. See list in European Mag., Nov. and Dec. 1802, and in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Account of the Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean previous to 1764, Lon., 1767, Svo. He states in his Histo- rical Collection, that but few copies of the above were printed, and that "it was not published until some time after, when it was reported that the French had discovered the Southern Continent, the great object of all his re- searches." An Historical Collection of the South Sea Voyages. Vol. i., The Spanish Voyages ; Vol. ii.. The Dutch Voyages] 2 vols. 4to, 1770-71. The collector should see that the 2d vol. has a chronological table, and a vocabulary, for these are frequently wanting. Both Burney's and Dalrymple's Collections *• Are by men well qualified bv science, learning, research and devotedness to their object, to perform well what thev undertook on any subject connected with geography and discovery."— ^/ercn- son s Voyages and Travels. "Dalrymple is a preat name in the annals of Navigation and Hydrography, and the present collection is amonff the verv best of his works." — T. F. Dibdin. Collection of Voyages, chiefly in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, 1775, 4to. A Letter to Dr. Hawkesworth, occasioned by some ground- less and illiberal imputations in his account of the late Voyages to the South, 1773, 4to. *'The indffativ'alile Alexand^^r Dalrymple. who appears to have been the first projector of the expeditions undt-r Wallis. Cartaret, and Cook, to the South 8eas. in which he was not permitted to join! is rather severe in this tract, upon some parts of Dr. Hawkesworth's account of these voyages."— ieic/t's Btbliotheca Americana Nam, Observations on Dr. Hawkesworth's Preface to the 2d edit., 1773, 4to. An Historical Journal of the expeditions by sea and land to the North of California, in 1768, '69, and '70; when Spanish establishments were first made at San Diego and Monte Rey, 1790, 4to. ■'This was a Spanish MS. presented to the inerenious and indo- fktigable Mr. Dalrymple by Dr. Robertson. Mr. D. had it translated by Mr. Revely. and enriched it with other correspondinp material, and two maps of this hitherto imperfectly known coast. The ac- count is very curious and interesting." — Lnti.Mimthly L'evifw. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova under 1790, and the notice of iJ/urio His- toricn under 1770. The Oriental Repository, 1791-180S, 2 vols. imp. 4to. This is a valualMe collection of tracts relating to the com- merce, history, manners, and natural history of the East j Indies and China, including communications from Major I Rennell. Orme, Wilkins, Sir W. Jones, Roxburgh, &q. The East India Company, at whose charge the collection waa pub., took 100 of the 250 copies which were struck off. Collection of English Songs, with an Appendix of ori- ginal pieces, 1796, Svo. An excellent selection. Catalogue of Authors who have written on Rio de la Plata. Paraguay, and Chaco, 1809, 4to. Dalrymple pub. some papers in , Phil. Trans. In the London Institution is a very complete I copy of his collection of plans of ports in the East Indies, I with descriptions, a MS. index, &c. in 13 vols, folio and j quarto. Dalrymple, Campbell. A Military Essay, Lon., I 1761, 8vo. I Dalrymple, David, Lord Hailes, son of the pre- ceding. 1726-1792, a. native of Ediulmrgh, was a learned , and industrious lawyer and antiquary, and added consider- ably to the historical treasures of the language. In 1776 he became Lord Commissioner of the Justiciary. Many ; interesting details connected with his literary history will ; be found in Boswell's Life of Johnson, Tytler's Life of 1 Lord Kames, and Forhes's Life of Reattie. Sacred Poems ; by various authors. Edin., 1751, 12mo. A Cat. of the Lorda ' of Session from 1532, 17C7, 4to. Memorials and Letters i relating to the Histories of Britain in the reign uf James L, Glasg., 1762, 8vo; 1766,Svo; in the reign of Charles I., 1766, sm. Svo ; the same, with account of the preservation of Charles II. after the battle of Worcester. 1766. sm. Svo. Secret Corresp. of Sir Robert Cecil with James VI., Edin., 1766, 12mo. Annals of Scotland. 1056-1370, 2 vols. 4to, 1776-79; 1819, 3 vols. Svo, including other works. "The Memoirs of Dalrymple contain very curious information, and will e:ive important hints most useful to every inquirer into the Constitutional History of Kmrland.'' — Prof. Smyth. "It is in our lanpuage, I think, a new mode of history, which tells all that is wanted, and, I suppose all that is known.'without laboured splendour of lantruaiie, or affected subtility of conjecture. ... A book which will always sell; it has such a stability of dates, such a certainty of facts, and such a puuctnality of citation. I never before read Scotch History with certainty." — Da. Samdbl JOHXSOX. " Lord Hailes's Annals of Scotland, it is believed, stands unri- valled in the Ent'li'^h language for a purity and simplicity of style, an elegance, perspicuity, and conciseness of narration, that pecu- liarly suited the form of his work, and is entirely void of that false ornament and stately irait which makes the works of some other writers appear in Rigantic but fictitious majesty." — Edinburgh Mag. Remainsof Christian Antiquity, with Notes, Edin., 1766- 80. 3 vols. 12mo. Lord H. pub. translations of Laetantiua I de Justitia and other works, (see list in Orme's Bibl. Bib.,) I which have been highly commended: j '■ These work s by Lord Hailes are amon^ the most elejiant speci- mens of translation, and discover a profound acquaintance with the most minute circumstances of wirly Cliristian antiquity. . . . He was one of the most formidable anta'^onists of Gibbon.' His Inquiry into the Secondary Causes [pub. 17!>i3, 4to: new ed.. ISOS, 12mo] is a most triumphant exposure of the sophistry and mis- representations of that artful writer. The preceding works are now become scarce: but I know not a hijjher treat which can be enjoyed bv a cultivated and curious mind than that which they afford."— Orm^-'s Bihl. Bib. "They would have been admired in davs when the knowledge of sarred rritici';ni w.is less rare, and when the value of it was more justly e'ifimrit.-.l." — Dr. Krskin'e. An E.xamination of some of the Arguments for the High Antiquity of lief/iam Majestatem ; and an Enquiry into tho Authenticity of Leges Malcomi, 1768, 4to. Tracts relative to the Hist.' and Antiquities of Scotland, 1800, 4to. One of the tracts in this collection was rigidly suppressed imme- diately after publication. For other works of this learned author see Watt's Bibl. Brit. In 1826, 2 vols. 4to, were pub. his Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session from 1766 to 1791, selected from the original MSS. by M, P. Brown. Dalrymple, Sir Hew, 1652-1737, of North Berwick, President of the Court of Sessions. Decisions of the Court of Sessions from 169S to 1718, Edin., 1758, fol.: 1792. PAL Dalrymple, General Sir Hew ^Vhiteford, Bart., 1750-lS;jO, commander of the army iu l*ortLigal, great- grandson of the above. Memoir of his Proceedings as ■ h h connected with the Affairs of Spain and the Commencement , j^J^^i'leh" must al of the Peninsular War, Lon., 8vo. *■ It forms, with the documents in the Appendix, a very valuable and authentic addition for the history of the period in question." — United Ser'.nce Journal. Dalrymple, James, first Viscount Stair. 1619-1695, was one of the Lords of Session, President Judge of the Court of Session, Lord Advocate and Secretary of State. Institutions of the Law of Scotland deduced from its ori- ginal, and collated with the Civil, Canon, and Feudal Laws, and with the Customs of our neighbouring Nations, Edin., 1681, fol. ; 2d ed., 1693 ; 3d ed., 1759 ; 4th ed., with Com- mentaries and a Supplet. by George Brodie, Edin., 1825- 32, 2 vols. fol. There is a later edit, by John S. More. *' \ work surprisingly in advance of the age in which it was pro- duced, and rettectiof^ honour upon the name and family of its gifted author.'' — Warre.n^s Law Studies, 2d edit.. SS7. "It is in truth to be regarded as a Digest of the judgments of the Court of Session, reduced to order according to the spirit and arrangement of the Koman jurisprudence." — G. J. BelVs Ormmen- tariei on tkr Law of Scotland, vol. i. — I*refact. " A Treati.se on Ueneral Jurisprudence, illustrated by reference to the Law of Scotland." See More's edit. '• Our own greatest judicial authors maUc frequent use of the writings of Lord Stair, who is often cited, for instance, by Black- stone." — Warren's Law Studies, 8S8. Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session, 1661- 1681, 2 vols, fol., 1683-87. Physiologia Nova Experiment- alis, Lugd. B.at., 1686, 4to. This was pub. during his e.xile. An Apologie for himself, Edin., 1690, 4to. A copy, said to be unique, is in the Advocates' Library. In 1815 seventy- two copies were printed at the expense of Wm. Blair, Esq., for the members of the Bannatyne Club. Modus Litigandi, 1681, fol. Vindication of the Divine Perfections, illustrat- DAL and Algernon Sydney, elicited several responses by Joseph Towers and others. 'Another publication remains yet to be mentioned, which de- vedly excited the attention of the public on its first appearance, and which must always be examined with great care by every in- quirer into the constitutional history of England— the Memoirsof Dalrymple. They contain very curious information ; and will give vei-y" important hints respecting the character and views of both the Duke of York, the king, and the popular leaders, and put the student into possession of the state secrets of the reign." — Prof. Smytli's Lectures m Modtrn Uisttn-y. '■This Dalrymple seems to be an honest fellow; for he tells equally what makes against both sides. But nothing can be poorer than his mode of writing; it is the mere bouncing ofa schoolboy: 'Great lie ! but greater She !' and such stuff."— DR. S-tML. JoHNSO«(. The Rights of Great Britain asserted against the claims of America; being an answer to the declarations of the general Congress, Lon., 1776, Svo. "This celebrated performance is said to have been written, printed, and liberally distributed, both in Great Britain and .\me- rica, at the instance and expense of government ; but whether this be true or not, the work itself we are afraid, will answer no other purpose than to exasperate the people of Great Britain ag.ainst their brethren of America, and, by inflaming misrepresentations and invectives. aggrav.ate the evils of our present civil discord." — Lon. Montldy Rfview. '■I have a copy of the Eighth edition, ('printed in the same year:) to which is now added a refutation of Dr. Price's State of the na- tional debt; which belonged to Sir James Mackintosh, who has written on the tiy-leaf, ' now owned to be b,v Sir John Dalrymple.' " • — Rich's Bilfl. Americana Nova, under 17713, p. '237. Dalrj-mple, John, 1804-1852, b. at Norwich. Ana- tomy of the Human Eye, Lon., 1834, 12mo. Pathology of the Human Eye ; complete in nine fasciculi, imp. 4to, 1849, kc. '■ The value of this work can scarcely be overestimated." — Brit, and For. Medico-C'hir. Review. " The most truly valuable work upon the pathology of the hu- man eye which has yet appeared."— flii'i'in Qunrterhi Journal. " As practically useful as it is beautiful." — Lon. Lancet. Dalrymple, Major Wm. Travels through Spain ing the Glory of God in them by Reason and Revelation, and Portugal in 1774, Lon., 1777, 4to. Treatise on Military Lon., 1695, 4lo. ' " Dalrymple, Sir James, Bart. Collections concern- ing the Scottish History preceding the death of King David I., anno 1153, Edin., 1705, Svo. Vindication of the Ecclesi.astical part of the above, Edin., 1714, Svo. Sir James's critic was Mr, John Gillane. See Gillane's Life of John Sage. Dalrymple, John, 5th Earl of Stair, d. 1789, was called the " Cassandra of the State" from his gloomy pre- dictions concerning matters of political economy. 1. The State of the National Debt, Income, and Expenditure, 1776, fol. 2. Factsand theirConsequences, 1782. Svo. 3. State of the Public Debts. 4. An Attempt to balance the Income and Expenditure of the State, 1783, Svo. Appendix to ditto. 5. An Argument to prove that it is the Indispen- sable Duty of the Public to insist that Government do forth- with bring forward the Consideration of the State of the Nation, 1783, Svo. 6. On the proper Limits of Govern- ment's Interference with the Affairs of the East India Com- pany, 1784, Svo. 7. Address to, and Expostulation with, the Public, 1784, Svo. Comparative State of the Public Revenues for the Ye.ars ended 10th Oct. 1783, .and 10th Oct. 17S4, '85, Svo. Other publications. See Park's Wal- pole's R. and N. Authors. Dalrymple, Sir John, 1726-1810, a Baron of Exche- quer in Scotland, and father to the present Earl of Stair. An Essay towards a General History of Feudal Property He made some in Great Britain, Lon., 1757 and 1768, Svo, and 4th edit,, 1759, 12mo. Highly esteemed. Considerations on the Po- licy of Entails in a Nation, Edin., 1765, Svo. '■ The Considerations on Entail is one of the best defences that has been put forth of their policy. It appears to have been prin- cipally intended as an answer to the following tract. [.\ Free Dis- quisition concerning the Law of Entails in Scotland. Ac, PMin., 17'35, 8vo.] in which ent.ails are vigorously and ably attacked." — McCalloch's Lit. of Pol it. Economy. The Question considered whether Wool should be allowed to be Exported when the Price is Low at Home, on Paying a Duty to the Public? Lon., 1781, Svo. " A well-written pamphlet, iu which the question is answered in the affirmative." — Uld supra. Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland, from the Disso- lution of the last Parliament of Charles II., until the Sea Battle off La Hogue. With the Supplement and Appen- dices, 3 vols. 4to, Edin., 1771, '73, '88. New edit., with a continuation till the capture of the French and Spanish Fleets at Vigo, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. Svo. " Dalrymple was the first to procure access to the despatches of Barillon.the French minister at the Court of James II.. and thereby unveil the state secrets of the reign, and in particular the fact that the leaders of the "Whigs were in the pay of Louis XIV.'' Tactics, 1781, Svo. Dalrymple, Wra., D.D., d. 1813. aged 90. History of Christ, 1787, Svo. Family Worship explained; in four Semis.. 1787, Svo. Dalrymple, Wm. Treatise on the Culture of Wheat, 1800, Svo. •■ This work treats of whe.at on strong and light lands, the rota- tions of cropping, seed, and sowing, and steeps or brines. The ideas are not very enlighteoed, and now £ir superseded." — Donaldson's Agricidt. Bioq. Dalton, Edward. The Jesuits, their Principles and Acts, Lon., 1843, jSmo. " Yerv useful." — Bickersteth. Six Serins., 1844, ISmo. Thoughts for Each Day, 1844, ISiuo. Life of Joseph, 1846, 12mo. Dalton, J. 15 Serms. A Serm., 1771, '73, Svo. Dalton, Jame.s. A strange and true relation of a youni: Woman possest with the Devill, Lon., 1647, 4to. Da^lton, John, 1709-1763. Fellow of Queen's Coll., Oxf. ; Prebendary of Worcester; Rector of St. Mary-at- Hill. Two Epistles, 1744, 4to. Poem on the Coal Mines ne.ar Whitehaven, Ac, 1755, 4to. Remarks on 12 Designs of Raphael. Serms., 1745, "47, '55. Serms., 1767. "The discourse r,n I'eace is one of the best sermons which we remember to have read on the sulject."— ion. Critical Iteriew. Dalton, John, 1767-1S44, a native of Eaglesfield, Cumberland, was a teacher of mathematics at Manchester. Itiable contributions to chemistry: the Atomic theory; theory of Mixed Gases ; meteorological ob- servations, Ac. Meteorological Observations and Essays, Lon.. 1793. Svo. " All of which have thrown much light on the subject of which he treated."— K. D. Thomson. M.D., &c. 2. English Grammar, 1801, Svo. 3. New System of Chemical Philosophy. Part 1st, 1808, Svo. Part 2d, Man- chester, 1810, Svo. Part 3, 1827. Chemical Con. to Nic. Jour., 1806, '11 ; to Annals of Phil., 1813, '14. Sec Rich's Cyc. of Biog., 1854, and Atomic Theory in Thomson's Cyclopicdia of Chemistry ; also Brit. Quar. Rev., i. 157, and Wcstm. Rev., xlv. 88. Dalton, Maria R. The Vicar of Lansdowno ; aTale, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. Dalton, Michael, M.P., 1554-1620, an English law- yer. 1. The County Justice, 1619, fob; 10 or 12 edits.: last 1746, fol. ■• A book which, though not a judicial authority, is of consider- able weight."— J/umn's Leg. Bibl., 251 ; 3 Bos. y Rev. J. T. White. Lon., 1849, p. Svo. Collectanea GrKca" Majora, Edin., 1802, '03, 2 vols. Svo. ■Vol. i., 4th edit., 1840; vol. ii.. Sth edit., 1845: vol. iii., 1825. Con. to Trans. R. Soc, Edin., ii. 3. 1790. In Mr. White's edit, of Dalzel's Analecta Gra?ca Minora, a portion of the long extracts from Lucian has been retrenched, and the place supplied by selections from Arrian and ^lian. The notes are written in English, and the Greek Lexicon nas been remodelled and enlarged. Substance uf Lectures on the Ancient Greeks, 1821, Svo. See a review in Lon. Quarterly Review, xxvi. 243. Dalzel, Archibald, Governor of Whydah, and after- wards of Cape Coast Castle, in Africa. The History of Da- Homey, Lon., 1793, 4to. " The otficial situation which the author held Rave hiui opportu- nities of saitiing muoh v.iluable information of this kiu-^dom and its inhabitants, the accuracy of which may be depended on." — Stevciuon^s Voyages and Travels. Dalzel, James. Short Genealogy of the Family of Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale, Edin., 1785, 4to. Privately printed. Daman, or Damon, Wm,, one of Queen Elizabeth's Musicians. The Psaumes of Dauid in English meter. Lon., 1579, long Svo. Gull. Damon, his Psalmes, in foure partes, 1591. 4to. Damberger, C. F, Travels in the Interior of Africa, Lon.. ISOl. Svo; from the German. Of these celebrated fictitious travels, written in a garret in London, two trans- lations were published in ISOl. Darner, lion. Mrs. Diary of her Tour in Greece, Turkey, Egypt, and the Holy Land, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo, 1841, '42. "The Hon. Mrs. Bamer. a descendant of Lady Mary Wortley Montasu. successfully rivals her ladyship in the very features in which she has so lonij been considered the most deliijhtful of tour- ists. Such pictures of Turkish private life as are here given, it is vain to look for elsewhere." — Lon. jVcw M'mUily Mag. " Information that cannot but be considered of unrivalled intei-- est in every part of the Christian world." — Lon. Sun. Damets, Dr. Juan. Hist, of the Baliarick Islands, or Kingdom of M.ajorca, Lon., 1719, Svo. Damon, Wm. See Daman. Dampier, George. Cure for bites of Mad Creatures, Phil. Trans.. 1698. Dampier, Thomas, D.D., Dean of Rochester. Serm., 1782. 4to. Dampier, Capt. Wm., b. 1652, a celebrated naviga- tor, was a native of Somersetshire. A sketch of his voyages is contiiined in Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and in the Biogra- phic XJniverselle ; but the reader shoiJd not neglect to pe- DAN ruse the voyages, the best edit, of which will be found in the Collection pub. in 1729, Lon., 4 vols. 8vo. Contents: 1. Capt. Dampier's Voyages round the World. 2. Voyages of Lionel Wafer. 3. Voyage round the World, by W. Fun- nell. Mate to Capt. Dampier. 4. Capt. Cowley's Voyage round the Glolje. 5. Capt. Sharp's Journey over the Isth- mus of Darien, and Expedition into the South Seas. 6. Capt. Wood's Voyage through the Strcights of Magellan. 7. Mr. Roberts's Adventures and Sufferings among the Corsairs of the Levant. Dampier's Account of a New A'oyage round the World was pub. in 1697, 3 vols. Svo; 1699, 2 vols. Svo; 1703, 3 vols. 8vo. Voyage to Now Holland, 1781, Ac. Besides several edits., the substance of his story has been transfer- red into many Collections of Voyages. " It is not easy to name another Voyager who has given more useful information to the World, and to whom the Merchant and Miirine are so much indebted." — Burnet. ''Unequalled as an observer, and gifted with the most remark- able powers of description." Dan, Archdeacon. Discourse of the Army of the King of Spain, assembled at Lisbon against England, Lon!". lf)SS. Svo. Dana, Charle.s Anderson, b. August 8, 1819, at Hinsdale. N.H. He entered Harvard Univ. in 1S39, but, owing to a disease of the eyes, he remained there but two years, and received an honourable dismissal. He suc- cessively edited The Harbinger, a Weekly Journal devoted to Social Reform and General Literature ; the Boston Chro- notype; and in 1847 he became connected with the N.Y. Tribune, and is now (1858) one of its proprietors, and, in the absence of Mr. Greelev, editor-in-chief. He edited the Household Book of Poetry, N.Y., 1S58, Svo, pp. 79.3. '' Dauii's Household Book of Poetry is a success. Everybody is glad to have in a single volume the English poems to which they biibitually love to refer."— Henry T. Tuckerjun. In counexion with Geo. Ripley, he is editing Appleton a New American Cyclopajdia, to be completed in 15 vols. Svo. See KiPLEV, George. Dana, E. Geogr.iphical Sketches of the Western Countrv ; for Emigrants and Settlers, Cin., 1819, 12mo. Dana, Francis, LL.D., d. ISll, aged 68, Chief Jus- tice of Massachusetts, was a descendant of Richard Dana, who died at Cambridge about 1695. Francis Dana was envoy to Russia during the American Revolution, a mem- ber of Congress, and of the Massachusetts Conveutiou for adopting the national Constitution. In polities he was a decided and energetic Federalist. His Correspondence whilst in Europe will be found in Sparks's Diplomatic Cor- respondence, vol. viii. AVe shall hereafter have occasion to notice the literary productions of Judge Dana's distin- guished son, RicHAHn H. Dana. Dana, James, D.D., d. 1812, aged 77, a minister of New Haven, wasanative of Massachusetts. Examination of Edwards's Inquiry on the Freedom of the Will. Boston, 1770, Svo. Anon. The Examination Continued. New Ha- ven, 1773: — with his name — 3 Serms. in Amer. Preacher, vol. i and iii. Serms., 1763, '64, '67, '70, '74, '90, '91, '92, '94, '95, 1801, '05, '06. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. Dana, Professor James Dwight, b. 1S13. at Utica, New York, is a son of James Dana. 1. A System of Jline- ralogy. 1st edit. New Haven, 1837, 8vo, pp. 572; 2d edit, N. York, 1844. pp. 634; 3d edit, 1860, pp. 712; 4th edit, 1854, 2 vols., pp. 320 and 354 ; 5th ed., 1858, Svo. "This work does great honour to America, and should make U9 blush for the neglect in England of an important and interesting science." — Lon. Athenaum. 2. Manual of Mineralogy, New ILaven, 1849, 12mo; 1851, pp. 432. 3. Report on Zoophytes; United States Exphuing Expedition under Commander Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., pp. 740, 4to, with an Atlas in folio, of 61 plates, Phila.. 1S46. Report on Geology, (Ibid,) pp. 756. 4to,with an Atlas in folio of 21 plates. New York, 1849. Report on Crustacea, 2 vols. 4to, pp. 1620, with an Atlas in folio of 96 plates, 1852. Mr. Dana has been since 1846 one of the editors of The American Journal of Science, and to this pe- riodical and the proceedings of the following learned bodies he has contributed many valuable pajiers : The proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia; the Academy of Science, Boston ; the Lyceum of Natural His- tory, N. York ; the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science. Dana, Professor James Freeman, M.D., 1793- 1827, grandson of Judge Samuel Dana, and son of Luther Dana, was Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Dart- mouth College, and subsequently Professor of Chemistry in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New York. Outlines of the Mineralogy and Geology of Boston and DAxV it^ Vicinity, Boston, 1818, 8vo: written in conjunction witb his brother, Samuel L. Baua, M.D. An Epitome of Che- mical Philosophy, 1825, 8vo, He contributed to sevenil journals. See Thacher's Med, Biog.j Cat. N. H. Hist. Sue, ii. 290. Dana^ James G. Reports of Select Cases decided in the Cuurt of Appeals of Kentucky, 1834-40, Frankfort, 9 vols Svo. Dana, Joseph, D.D., 1742-1827. a minister of Ips- wich, Mat^sachusetts. Discourses, 1782, '95, '99, 1800, '01, '06. '07. '18. Daua, Richard Henry, b. 1787, at Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts, is a son of Francis Dana, (v. ante,) successively minister to Russia, member uf Congress, and Chief Justice of Massachusetts. The first of the family who settled in America (about the middle of Ihe 1 7th century) was Richard Dana, a descendant of William Dana, Sheriff of Middlesex during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. After a course of three years' application to his studies at Harvard College, he adopted the profession of the law, which he may be said to have inherited, as his father and grand- father, and bis mother's father and grandfather, were all gentlemeu of the long robe. Mr. Dana's health was not robust, and this impediment to active exertion, combined with an inclination to authorship, caused him to close his office, and assume a portion of the mingled pleasures and pains attendant upon a partial editorship of the North American Review, in conjunction with his relative. Edward T. Channing, principal manager of that excellent periodi- cal. Whilst associate editor — or rather assistant in the management — of the Review, he wrote a number of articles for its pages, among the best known of which is the review of Hazlitt's Lectures on the British Poets. We may here remark that Mr. Daua was one of the first to oppose the despotic sway of the great Jeffrey, who then ruled the Re- public uf Letters with a *' rod of iron ;" — one of the first to claim for Wordsworth and Coleridge the tribute which has since been so heartily accorded to them. Mr. Dana's con- nection with theReviewceased in 1820, and soon after his withdrawal from the North American Club, he began Tlie Idle Man, of which the first volume appeared in 1821. This volume, and one number of a second, compose the whole series of this periodical. It was unprofitable, and Mr. Dana did not deem it a duty tn amuse and instruct the public at his own expense. In The Idle Man appeared Tom Thornton, a novel; his other stories, and several es- says. In 1821 Mr. Daua contributed to The New York Review — under the editorial care of his friend, Wm. 0. Bryant — his first poem, The Dying Raven. In 1S27 he published his most celebrated production, The Buccaneer; eome other poems were included in the same volume. In 1833 he gave to the world an edition of his Poems and Prose Writings, including The Buccaneer and other pieces embraced in his previous volume, with some new poema, and his own compositions originally puldished in The Idle Man. Since 1833 Mr. Dana has written but little. He has contributed a few articles to The Literary and Theo- logical Review, and The Spirit of the Pilgrims, and a few poems to a magazine published under the editorial super- intendeuce of the Rev. Dr. Griswold; to whose works on American Authors we are indebted for the facts contained in this notice. We must not omit to notice, as among the most valuable of Mr. Dana's contributions to the intellectual wealth of his country, a course of ten lectures upon Shakspeare, de- livered in the winters of 1839 and '40 in the cities of Bos- ton, New York, and Philadelphia. Many of our readers will remember the interest excited among the more intel- ligent classes by these expositions of the excellencies of the great poet of human nature under all types and in all ages. A collective ed. of Mr. Dana's Poems and Prose Writings was pub. N. York, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo; and a vol. entitled The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe and Richard H. Dana was printed by Routledge. Lou., 1857, 18mo, pp. 260. For the profit of the reader, we give some extracts from a review of the American volumes by Mr. S. G. Brown : *' No one can rise from even a rapid perusal, without a fresh im- pulse towards the noblest object s of life ; no one can become familiar with them without being unconsciously led to a habit of serious thought, and finding his best affections most cherished, and his sympathies witb the beautiful, the good, and the tiuo, eiilarj^ed and strengthened. . . . An exquisite and indescribable delicacv and pentleuessof spirit pervades every page, and beautifuUv tinges the tbou^'hts which another would have expressed, if at all. with a gIarini;obtrusiveness. . . . The ^■pecial power of the iuiatiiuation, impenetrated, warmed, and dirritcd by the afTi t-timis. gives a pe- culi.ir and inimitable vitiility to tlic st\ Ir: ;ind jn-rhnps llj.-re is no eiuj^le quality of Mr. Dana's mind which so strouglyiudividualizes, •■-. . DAN elevates, and. as we may say. glorifies his writings. Tn the gravest e^say. no less than in the story, you fall upon some touchirii: ex- pression upon almost every page, to which the heart gave birth, not the head. . . . After these quntation.s it surelv needs no word of ours, as it has by no means been our object, to viiidic;ite the claim of the author to what the gentle Sir Philip calls ' the .'yicred iiauie of Poet.' That verdict was given long since. Accuracy of observation, a wide and genuine sympathy, au insight into the secret he-lrt of things, a just judgment and ample knowledge, a fancy to paint and an imagination to warm and enliven, au ear for the music of language, and a mind all aglow with the fire of thought, attest the truth to which we must re-idily assent."^ North Amer. Jfeview. Ixxii. 115. The reader must not fail to peruse a notice of The Buc caneer in Blackwood's Magazine, (sxxvii. 419, 1835,) which the famous reviewer introduces, and treats throughout in his own inimitable style: '• We remember some years ago having been greatly struck, in Specimens of the American Poets — a Collection iu three volumes, which some consuumiate villain has stolen from us — with The Buc- caneer, by Kichardll.Dana. It is included in this volume, (Selec- tions from the Ameiican Poets. Dublin. 1S34. llimo,j and we pro- nounce it by far Ihe most powerful and original of American poetr ical compositions. The power is Mr. Dana's own ; but the style — though he has made it his own too — is coloured by that of Ciabbe, of Wordsworth, and of Coleridge. He is no servile follower of those great masters, but his genius has been inspired by theirs — and he almost pLtces himself on a level with them by this extraordinary story — we mean on the level on which thev stand in such poems as the Old Grimes of Ciabtie- the Peter Bell of Wordsworth, and the Ancient Manner of Coleridge. The Buccaneer is not equal to any one of them, but it belongs to the same class, and shows much of the same power in the delineations of the mysterious workings of the passions and the imagination. The opening is very beau- tiful. ... In our abridgment the Tale has seemed almost all one uninterrupted series of guilt and misery ; but sweet and soothing imagery is sometimes very skilfully introduced for reliefs sake, and sometimes, too, touches of tenderness that may awaken tears." — CiiRisToi'fiER North. A notice of Mr. Dana's Thoughts on the Soul, by F. ^V. P. Greenwood, will be found iu the North American Re- view, XXX. 274: We quote a few lines: "The poet's Thoughts on the Soul are evidently the breathings of his own soul; and his words flow out warmly from his own heart. There is a .^lerious and earnest individuality about Mr. D.v na's muse, which forbids the suspicion that she can be plavinga part, or that she is iu any degree otherwise than what she seems. The love which she demands is respectful love, the homage which is rendered to the beauty of holiness." Dr. Griswold also notices this marked individuality, which is so strikiug a characteristic of Mr. Dana's compo- sitions: "The strength of Mr. Dana lies very much in the union of sen- timent with imagination, or perhaps in au ascendency of sentiment over his other faculties. It is this whii.h makes every character of his so actual, as if he entered into each with his own conscience, and iu himself suffered the victories over the will, and the remorse which follows them. There are beautiful touches of lancy in his tales, but as in his poems, the fancy is inferior and subject to the imagination." See also N. Amer. Rev., vol. v., (Wm. C. Bryant;) Chris. Exam., XV., (C. C. Felton,) xlviii., (E. P. Whipple ;) Amer. Whig Rev., v., (Wm. A. Jones;) Amer. Quar. Obs., ii., (E. C. Tracy:) Lit. and Theol, Rev., (Neh. Adams;) Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. ; Amer. Month. Rev., iv. ; N. Eng. Mag., v.; N. Englander, is. ; Knicker., xxxviii. j Phila. Mus., xxvi. "The Idle Man, which came out in numbers in 1821, '22. notr withstanding the cold reception it met with from the public, we look upou as holding a place among the first productions of Ame- rican literature. It will be leferred to hereafter, we doubt not, as standing apart from the crowd of contemporary writings, and distinguished by a character of thought and expn-ssion peculiarly its own. One reason why it took so little at its first appearance, was probably the hardihood with which its author sli;„'hted the usual arts of attracting the public attention, and conciliating the public favour. It was not a work that reflected the passing image of the day; and the author adopted no fashionable modes of ex- pression, submitted to no fashionable canons of criticism, copied no popular author, and intimated no consent to favourite opinions. He Seems to have fixed his attention only upon what he thought the permanent qualities of literature, and his work is one which will be read acentury hence, as at the present time. . . . The .style of The Idle Man is genuine mother English, formed from a study of the elder authors of the language, with now and then a collo- quial expression of the humblest kind, elevated into unexpected dignity, or au obsolete word or phrase revived, as if on purpose to excite the distaste of the admirers of a stately or .a modernized diiv tion. It is free from all commonplace ornaments, from all that multitude of stock metaphors and illustrations which have an- swered the uses of authors from time immemorial. Add to this that the speculations of the author were as much his own as his style. An ori^rinal turn of thinking is not the surest passport to immediate popularity. It is much easier, and sometimes, much safer, to follow one who thinks in the common track. . , . AVe like this work [The Buccaneer and other Poems, Boston, IS'27, Svo, pp. 113] the lietter. perhaps, because some of its merits are of a kind not common in modern poetry. It is simpleand severt- in its .style, and free from thatjierpetual desire to be glittering and imaginative, which dresses up every idea that occurs in the same allowance of figures of speech. As to what is called ambition of style, the work DAN DAN does not contain a particle of it: if the spntiment or image pre- sented to the readf-r's mind be of itself calculated to make an ini- pression, it is allowed to do so, by being given in the most direct and furciblw language; if otherwise, no pains are taken to make it pas9 for more tlmn it is worth. There is even an occasional home- liness of expri'ssinn which does not strike ns agreeably, and a few passages are liable to the charge of haishness and abruptness. Yet, altogether, there is power put forth in this little volume, strength of pathos, talent at description, and command of language. There is the same i)roi)enBity aa was exhibited in The Idle Man to deal with strong and gluumy passions, with regret, remorse, fear, and despair, with feelings over which present events have no control eKCopt to exaggerate them, and which look steadilv back to the unalterable past or forward to the mysterious future." — Wm. C. Bryant: JV. Anwr. Itev., xxvi. 239. Dana, Richard Henry, Jr.. son of the preceding, and a distin<:uisheil member of the Boston Bar, is known as the author of Two Years before the :\Iapt, N.Y.. 1840. 24mo. "This is, in many respects, a remarkable book. It is a success- ful attempt to describe a class of men, and a course of life, which, thoui^h familiarly spoken of by most people, and considered as within the limits of civilization, will appear to them now almost as just discovered. To find a new subject in so old a sphere of humanity is something; and scarcely second to this are the spirit and skill with which it is handled. It seems as if the writer must have been favoured with a special gift for his novel enterprise. . . . The style we had never thought of as a distinct thing, till we I began to prepare this notice; and, no doubt, because it cills for no I separate remark, and is content with doing its work. It is plain, straightforward and manly, never swollen for effect, or kept down from apprehension. There is no appearance of seeking for words; but those that will best answer the purpose come and foil into their proper places of their own will; so that, whatever the transi- tions may be. the composition flows on with natural, stream-like varieties, while we partiike of the changing intluences without a ■ word of comment, and probably with little consciousness. This, i we suppose, is the perfection of style, so lar as impression is con- cerned; and to some extent it will always be found in an intelli- gent writer, who, without thinking much of himself, or of making a sensation, says honestly how things were, and how they affected i him. We must uot, however, attribute too much to sincerity, or > even to intelligence. Where language is employed with singular fitness and e;ise, a writer must be deep in the secret of its power, though at little troutJe in managing it." — E. T. Channing : Nnrth Anicr. Rev.y lii. 56. See also Chris. Exam., vol. xxix.; Dem. Rev., viii. ; N. York Rev., vii. We add a few lines from a transatlantic critic : *' This is an exceedingly interesting narrative, depicting, in its true colours, what is the real life of a sailor before the mast. It is the only work that has yet appeared from the pen of one whose personal experience has enabled him to set forth to the public what are the thoughts, feelings, enjoyments, and sufferings of our sea- men: and ^Ir. Dana, the author of it, has been most successful in his delineation of them. We strongly recommend this book to the attentionof theTarsof Old England, as being one which will afford them both amusement and instruction. The fine tone of manly feeling and tender sympathy which runs throughout the whole of it. will not only suggest to them how they may make themselves happy in their condition of life, but how they may encounter and oveicome the many troubles and trials to which their hardy pro- fession is necess:trily exposed. We hope to hear that every sailor, from the cabiu-boy to the captain, has procured for himself a copy of it. We are sure one perusal of it will amply repay him both the expense and time taken up in it. " We understand from competent judges — from f^enmen themselves — that it is the only book that has yet appeared which gives any real idea of the lite of a sailor. Captain Marryat's novels do not depict what life on board ship is. Much of what is reported in them to have passed in conversation was never spoken, and never had existence Imt in the fertile imagination of the novelist: it is, in short, as tar different from the re.il life and chai-acter of the sailor, as it possibly can be ; and those who want to see what is the true character of the man on board ship, have yet to peruse the work of this estimable young man. It is, in fact, a voice from the common sailor. — a true picture of his thoughts, feelings, the fore- castle — a faithful simple record of the every-day duty of enjoyments and sufferings.'' Mr. Dana has al.so published The Seaman's Friend, con- taining a Treatise on Practical Seamanship, with plates, a Dictionary of Sea Terms, Customs and Usages of the Mer- chantService, 1841, 12mo; Lou., 1S56, p. Svo. EditedWash- ington Allston's Lects. on Art, and Poems. N. ¥., 1850, 12mo. Dana, Samuel L., M.D. Treatise on Diseases, Svo. Essny on Manures, N. York, 1850, 12mo. Muck Manual for Manures, Lowell, 1851, 12mo. See Dana, James Free- man. M.D. Dauby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, subsequently Duke of Leeds. Copies and Extracts of some Letters writ- ten to and from the Earl of Danby, 1676-78, with particu- lar Remarks upon some of them, Lun., 1710, Svo. Pub. by his Grace's direction to exculpate himself from the charges laid against him in Parliament in 1678. See Ar- guments in the Court of King's Bench on his Motion for Bail, 16S2, fol. j Memoirs relating to his impeachment, 1711. Svo. Dance, George, d. 1824. A Collection of 72 Por- traits from Life, engraved by Wm. Daniel, Lon., lSOS-14, 12 Nos. 2 vols iVd. Dancer. History of the Civil Wars of Great Britain and Ireland, 1661, fol. Dancer, John. Plato and Aristotle, Lon.. 1673, 12mo; Nicomcde, a Tragi-Couiedy, 1671 ; Agrippa, 1675, sm. fol. ; all from the French. With Nicomede wilt be found a Cata- logue of all the English Stage Plays printed till this pre- sent year, 1671. Duaeertraus. Amynta, aPlay from Tasso. All of his trans, are scarce. Dancer, Thomas. Med. and botanical works, 1781- 1S06. Dancy, Mrs. Elizabeth, b. 1509, second daughter ' of Sir Thomas More, was a correspondent of Erasmus, who praises her for "her pure Latin style, and genteel way of writing." See Ballard's Memoirs of Briti.'rh Ladies. Dane, John, D.D. Serms.. 1705, 'lu, 'II. '12. Dane, Nathan, d. 1834, aged 82. a native of Ipswich, Massachusetts, founded in l^^'J the Law Professorship which bears his name at Harvard University. Abridg- ment and Digest of American Law, with Notes and Com- ments, Boston, 1823, 9 vols. Svo. Appendix to ditto, 1830. Svo. " Uis comments exhibit various learning and close reflection, and his illustrations cannot fail to assist such as seek for aid in those obscure parts of the law which perplex by their intricacy and equivocal direction." " Although the Abridgment is a work of great labour, and anafr knowledgedmonumentof its authoi-'s industry, care, and accuracy, yet it has never been a great Civourite with the profession, from the want of method which pervades the entire work. It was valu- able when first juiMished. but is now nearly superseded as a book of reference, and ii" niii.- thinks of reading it as an elementary trea- tise. Its iniiotthudiral plan andthe natural changesand progress of American jurisprudence have almost consigned to ohlivion the half-century's toil of a learned jurist and a true philanthropist." — Marvin's Legal Bibh, 252; 4 .inicr. Jurist, Ixiii. 411; i'J) 411. "A liberal and learned profession will hold in high estimation the labours of this eminent civilian and lawyer, who, for half a century, has made American jurisprudence and American institu- tior.B his peculiar study; and every lawyer, instead of feeling re- gret tV.r deficiencies, ought to be animated with sincere gratification for what has been accomplished." — North American Review, xxiii. 1, 1S2G. AVhen we add to the above tribute a consideration of the benefits which have resulted from the Dane Law School and Dane Professorship, which has been dignified by the learning of a Story, a Greenleaf, and a Parsons — we feel authorized in claiming for Nathan Dane a prrmiinent place in the first rank of American philanthropists. It were easy to add to the catuloguo of ilr. Dane's claims to the respectful rcinenibrance of his countrymen. Danes, John. ALightto Lilic; or the Latin Tongue, Lon. .1631, Svo. Paralipomena, OrthographiEe.(tc.,1638,4to. Danett, Thos. Historie of France, from the death, of Charles 8th till the death of Henry 2d. 1600, 4to. The Description of the Low Countreys; an Epitome out of Guicchardini, 1593, Svo. Danforth, John, 1660-1730, aministerof Dorchester, Mass. Serms., 1697, 1710. '16, &o. Poems, 1727, Ac. Danforth, Samuel, 1626-1674, a minister of Rox- bury, Mass., father of the preceding, was a native of Eng- land. Astronom. descrip. of the late Comet, Camb., New Eng., 1665. '66, Svo. Serms.. 1670. J:c. Danforth, Samuel, 1666-1727. a minister of Taun- ton, Mass., son of the preceding. Eulogy, 1713. Serm., 1714. He left in MS. an Indian Dictionary, apartof which, is now in tlie library of the Mass. Historical Society. Danforth, Thos. Theory of Chimnies, 1796, Svo. Dangerfield, J. Short-hand. Chelsea, 1814, Svo. Dan^gcrfield, Thos. Theolog. treatises, Ac. 1679-85. Daniel, George. The Times; or the Prophecy, Lon., 1812, Svo : 2d edit.. 1S13. Miscellaneous Poems, is'l2, Svo. Daniel, George. Modern Dunciad, Virgil in Lon- don, and other Poems, Lon., 1835, p. Svo. "This modern Pope, whoever he be, has produced a Dunciad, which the stinging bard of Twickenham would not be ashamed to own. The bard spares neither poet nor courtier; and in the office of a satirist, he speaks with the boldness of Juvenal." — Lfm. Munthjy Iteview. The Missionary, a Poem, 1847, sm.4to. Merrie Englana in the Olden Time, 1842, 2 vols. p. Svo. This is an in- structive and amusing volume. The good-humoured anti- quary is no ignoble philanthropist. Democritus in Loudon, &c.. lSo2. p. Svo. Daniel, Godfrey. The Christian Doctrine, in six principles, Dubl., 1652, Svo. In English and Irish. Daniel, John. Comfort against all kinde of Calami- tie, Lon., lo76, Svo. This is a trans, from the Spanish of Perez. Daniel, John. TheJewi.=h Unction, Lon., 1651, 12mo. Daniel, John. Life and Adventures of, Lon., 1751, 12mo. Written in imitation of Peter Wilkins. Daniel, Rev. John. Ecclesiastical History of the Britons and Saxons, 1S15, Svo. 473 DAN DAN Daniel, Mrs. Mackenzie. The Poor Cousin, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. My 8isttr Minnie, Lon., 18i8, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Georgina Hammond, 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo. Other works. " Amongst our novelists we have no more pure. asreeaV>le. and genial writer than Mrs. Mackenzie Daniel, liccrcina Hammond is certitin to b'*come one of the standard novels in the language, and to be read over and over again. — portraying, with a graphic pencil, the manners, thoughts, customs, and feelings prevailing at this moment among large classes of the English people."— ion. Morninfj Hprald. Daiiiel, Iticliard. A Copy Book, Lon., 1664, fol. Daniel, Ilichard. A Poem, Lon., 1714, fol. Daniel, Ilichard, Dean of Armagh. A Paraphrase on somo Select Psalms, Lon. .1722, Svo. Daniel, Samuel, 1662-161», a poet and historian, was a native ot Taunton. Somersetshire. He was educated at Ma^^dalen Hall, Oxford, and was subsequently tutor to the celebrated Anne Clifford, daughter of George, Earl of Cumberland, and afterwards Countess of Pembroke. Of his personal history but few records have descended to posterity, and later researches have rendered even these question.able. That he was a great favourite with his con- tempor.Tries, we have ample evidence. For some years he resided in a small house in the parish of St, Luke's, Lon- don, associated with Shakspcare, Marlowe, Chapman, and others, and towards the close of his life retired to a farm at Beckington near Philips-Norton, in Somersetshire. Dis- course of Rare Inventions; a trans, from Paulus Jovius, Lon., 1585, Svo. Delia; contayningcertayne sonnets, 1592, 4to. Delia and Rosamond augmented, 1594, 4to. The Tragedie of Cleopatra, 1594, 4to. Historic of the Ciuile Warres betweene the Houses of York and L.ancaster, 1595, 4to; in verse. Octavia to Antouinus, 1599, Svo. Mvso- philvs, 1599, 4to. Epistles, 1601, 4to. Poems, 1602, fol. Certaice small poems, with the tragedy of Philotus, 1605, Svo. Defence of Ryme against Thomas Campion, 1603, Svo. A Panegyrike, 1628, 4to. Twelve Goddesses, 1604, Svo. The Qveenes Arcadia ; a Pastoral! Trage-Comedie, 1605, 4to. Tethy's Festival, 1610, 4to. The History of England; Part 1, reaching to the end of K. Stephen's reign; in prose, 16l:i, 4to. Part 2, reaching to the end of the reign of K. Edw. III., 1618, '21, '23, '34, fol. Continued to the end of K, Rich. III., by John Russell; to which is added Lord Bacon's Life of Henry VIL, Lon., 1621, '50. To which is .added Hist, of Eng. to the end of Henry VI. See Kennett's Hist. Certaine small Workes heretofore di- vulged, 1611, ]2mo. Poem on the Death of the Earl of Devon. 1623, 4to. Plays and Poems. 1623. 4to. Hvmen's Triumph, 1623, 4to. Collections of the Hist, of Eng. to the end of Henry III., 1626, fol. Whole Workes, in Poetry, 1601, fol., 1 623, 4to. Pub. by the Author's brother. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £4 14«.6ii. Works. 1631. fol. Poetical Works, ■with Mem. of his Life and Writings, 1718, 2 vols. 12mo. "The works of Samuel Daniel containe somewhat a tlat. yet withal a very pure and copious. English, and words as warrantable as any mans, and fitter perhaps for prose than measure." — Bolton. " For sweetness and rhyming, second to none," — Drdmmond. Gabriel Harvey, in his Foure Letters and Certaine Son- nets, praises our author for bis efforts to enrich and polish his native tongue. *' One whose memory will ever he fresh in the minds of those who fiiTour history or poetry. . . . But however his Cenius was quali- fied for Poetry. 1 take his History of England to he the Crown of all his WorVir—Laiigliaine's Dramatick I'oets. leul. '■ His liither was a master of musick; and his harmonious mind made an impression on his son's genius, who proved an exquisite poet. He carried in his Christian and surname, two holy prophets, his monitors so to qnalifi his r.plur.s, thai hp al.hnrnd all pro- phaneness. He was als..a judi i.us hi^tcnian, witons:. his lives of our English Kings since the conquest until Edward III., wherein he hath the happiness to reconcile brevity with clearness, qualities of great distance in other authors. ... In his old age he turned husbandman, and rented a farm in Wiltshire, nigh the Devizes. I can give no account how he thrive. 1 llnTeupon. For though he was well versed in Virgil, his lillnw bn.-l«ndman-poet, vet there is more required tomakearich farmer, than only to say his" Georgics by heart; and I question whether his Italian 'will fit our English husbandry. Besides, I suspect that Mr, Daniel's fancv was too tine and sublimated to be wrought down to his private profit," — PttUer's '■ Though very rarely sublime, he hxs ,skill in the pathetic ; and his pages are disgraced with neither ped.antrv nor conceit. We find, both in his poetry and pi-ose, such a legitimate and rational flow of language as approaches nearer the style of the l^th than the 16th century, and of which we mav ,safelv'assert. that it never will become obsolete. . . , In his Complaint of Cleopatra he has caught Ovid's manner very happily," — Hk.^dlet. '■The character of Daniel's genius .seems to be propriety, rather than elevation. His language is generally pure and harmonious: and his reflections are just. But his thoughts are too abstract, and appeal rather to the understanding than to the imagination or the hi-art; and he wanted the fire necessary to the loftier flights of piictrv." — Str Egkrtov BUVhOES. 1 iqV^ ^^ revert to the sonnets of Daniel which were published in 169_, we shall there find, as Mr. Malone had previously remarked, 474 the prototype of Ph.akspeare's amatory verse. . . . There is reason to suppose that none of Shakspeare's sonnets were written before the appearance of Daniel's Itelia, . . . There is also in Daniel much of that tissue of abstract thought, and that reiteration of words, which so remarkably distinguish the sonnets of our bard. " Sound morality, prudential wisdom, and occasional touches of the pathetic, delivered in a style of then unequalled chastity and perspicuity, will he recognise'd throughout his work, [The Civil Wars l>etween the two Houses of Lancaster and York ;] but neither warmth, passion, nor sublimity, nor the most distant trace of en- thusiasm, can be found to animate the mass. . . . But these histo- rians fKaleigh, Hayward, Knolles, and Lord Bacon] are excelled, in purity of style and perspicuity of narration, by Daniel, whose History of England, closing with the reign of Edward the Third, is a production which reflects great credit on the age in which it is written." — Droit's Sliakspeare and his Times. Certainly Daniel succeeded better as a prose historian than as a poetical annalist. Drayton speaks of him as ■■too much hi.storian in verse. His rimes were smooth, his metres well did close; But yet his manner better fitted prose." *■ It is the chief praise of Daniel, and must have contributed to what popularity he enjoyed in his own age, that his English is eminently pure, free from affectation and archaism, and from pe- dantic innovation, with very little that is now obsolete.'' — Uulr lam's Introduc. to the Lit. of Europe. Read a review of Daniel's poems in the Retrospective Review, viii. 227, Lon., 1823. Daniel, Samuel. Archiepiscopal Priority instituted by Christ, 1642, 4to. Daniel, Samuel, M,D. Dissertatiodelctero, ]776,Svo. Daniel, T. British Customs of the Excise, Lon., 1752, fol. Daniel, Wm. Journal of his Expedition from Lon- don to ,Surat in India, Lon., 1702, Svo. Daniel, VVm. Treatise on Perspective, 1807, 12mo. '■ Well calculated to answer the end for which it was designed." —Urit. Critic. Daniel, Rev. Wm. B. Rural .'iports or Treatises on Hunting, Hawking, Shooting, Angling, Fowling, Ac, Lon., lS01,'02,2vols.4to. Other edits.. ISOl, 5 vols. Svo; 1805, 3 vols. imp. 4to ; 1812, 3 vols. r. Svo, and large paper in 4to; Supplement, 1813, r. Svo, 4to, and imp. 4to. En- gravings, principally by Scott. The value of this splendid publication is well known. Daniell,E.R. 1. Practical Observations on the Kew Orders for the reg. of the Prac. and Proceed, of the Ct. of Chancery, Lon., 1841, Svo. 2. Considerations on Reform in Chancery, Lon., 1842, Svo. 3. Reports of Cases argued and determined on the Equity side of the Ct. of Exchequer, 1817-20 inclusive, Lon., 1S24, 8vo. 4. Practice of the High Ct. of Chaucery; 2d ed. by T. E. Headlam, Lon., 1845, 2 vols. Svo; 1st Amer. edit, by J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1S45, 3 vols. Svo ; and 2d Amer. edit. Supplement to Da- niell's Chancery Practice, by T. E. Headlam. Lon. ,1851, Svo. *' 'The universal opinion of the Profession has .st.amped upon Mr. Daniell's bookahigh character for usefulnessandgeneral accuracy. It has become, in fiict, the manual of the Chancery Practitioner." — i>m. Law Mag. " We have no hesitation in declaring that this is the most able work which has ever been written on the Practice of the Court of Chancery," — Lnn. Jurist. " Undoubtedly a very valuable book." — Hon. Roger B. Tanet, Chief Justice of the United Slatts. " I regard the work as alike desirable to the student, the Prac- titioner, and the Judge, and should consider no Equity Library complete without it."— Hon, Edward Kino. /ate Pres. Jiirlge I'liila. Ct. of Commcm Pleas. "Daniell's Chancery Practice is, perhaps, the most elaborate, complete, and satisfactory treatise on the subject that has appeared." —Hon, John B, Gibson, late Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Penna. Daniell, John Frederick, D.C.L.. 1790-1845, b. in London. He was a pupil of Prof. Brande. and in 1S16, in connexion with him, he commenced the Quarterly Journal of .Science and Art, the first twenty vols, of which were pub. under their joint superintendence. In 1823 appeared the 1st ed. of his great work, entitled Meteorological Essjiys; 2d ed., 1S27; 3d ed., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. He w.as engaged in revising the proofs of the 3d ed. at the time of his death. "This w.as the first synthetic attempt to explain the general principles of meteornlogy by the known laws which regulate the temt>erature and costitution of gases and vapours, and in \\liich the scattered iihscrvations and isolated phenomena presentctl by the earth's atmosphere were considered in their most extensive and general bearings." — Knight's Eng. Cyc. Introduction to Chemical Philosophy, 1S39, Svo; 2d ed., 1S43, Svo. Mr. Daniell takes rank as one of the most distinguished scientific men of the nineteenth century. Ho is the only individual on whom all the three medals in the gift of the Royal Society were bestowed. For a very carefully-pre- pared biographical sketch of Mr. D., and a list of his valuable contributions to various scientific journals, see Knight's Eng. Cyc, Div. Biog., vol. ii. DAN DAR Daiiiell, Saml. African Scenery and Animals, Lnn., 1808, IVil. 1)n. Johnson. The testimony of a still more distinguished person shall be adduced in favour of the merits of Cecilia, pub. four years later: '• There are few— I believe I may say fairly there are none at all — thatwillnot lind themselves better informed concerninc human nature, and thr ir stock of observation enriched, by reading your Cecilia. . . . 1 miLdit trespass upon your delicacy if I should tilj my letter to you with what 1 till my conversation to others; I should be troul-ilesonie to you alone if I should tell you all I feel and think on the natural vein of humour, the tender pathetic, the compre- hensive and noble moral, and the sagacious observation, that ap- pear quite throughout this extraordinary performance. ... In an age distinguished by producing extraordinary women. I hardly dare to tell where mv opinion would place ^ ou amongst them." — EOMUNB Bueke: Leiler to Miss Burney. Wli'iteliall, July 29, 17S2. In 1786 occurred the most unfortunate event of Miss Burncy's Life — her appointment to the post of Second Keeper of the Robes to Queen Charlotte. From this in- tolerable slavery — for slavery it was, notwithstanding the kind treatment of her royal patrons — she was relieved in 1791, and in 1793 she married a French refugee officer, the Count D'Arblay. In 1802 she accompanied her husband to Paris, and was obliged to remain in France — the Count hav- ing entered the army of Napoleon — until 1812. He died in that year, and their son. tho Rev. A. D'Arblay of Cam- den Town chapel, near Lond(jn, followed his father to the grave in 1832. Mad.ame D'Arblay attained the great ago of eighty-eight, dying at Bath in 1840. Her other produc- tions, which by no means fultilled "the promise of her spring," were Edwin and Elgitha, a Tragedy, 1795; Ca- milla, which was pub. by subscription in 1796, and paid her three thousand guineas; and The Wanderer, a Tale in 5 vols., 1814, for which she receivetl £1500. She also pub. Brief Reflecticms rekative to the French Emigrant Clergy, 1793, 8vo; and a Memoir of her father. Dr. Burney, in 1832, 3 vols. Svo. The Dhary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay were given to the world in 7 vols. p. Svo, 1842-46. The unreserved and comprehensive char.acter of the lady's journal may be inferred from her prologue : "To have some account of my thoughts, actions, and acquaint- ance, when the hour arrives when time is more nimlile than me- mory, is the reason which induces me to keep a journal ; — n jnurnal in wfiicfi I Shalt coufess every thought—shall t'pen my wlwle tieart:' Notwithstanding their egotism and prolixity, cert.ainly these volumes are among the most delightful in the lan- guage ! To the mere novel-reader they are charming; to the student of literary history and English manners, in- valuable. We must refer the reader to a review of this work by T. B. Macaulay, (Edin. Rev., Jan. 1843.) and to notices of Madame D'Arblay's writings in the London Quarterly Review, xi. 123, Ixx. 134, and in Blackwood's Magazine, 1. 784 : " Miss Burnev did for the English novel what Jeremv Collier did for the Knirli^h ilram.a. She first showed that a taie misht be written in " Iji. Ii l.nth the feshionable and the vulsar life of London mijihtbeexhiliited with great force, and with broad comic humour, and which yet should not contain a Rin(.de line inconsistent with rigid morality, or even with virgin delicacy. She took aw.ay the reproach which Lay on a most useful and delightful species of com- position. She vindicated the right of her sex to an equal share in a fair and noble promise of letters. . . . Burke had sat up all night to read her writings, and Johnson had pronounced her superior to Fielding, when Rogers was still a schoolboy and 8outbev still in petticoats. . . . We soon discovered to our'great delight that this Diary was kept before Madame D'Arblav became eloquent. It is, for the most part, written in herearliest and best manner; in true woman's Knglish. clear, natural, and lively."— T. B. Macadlai Edin. Review, Jan. 1S43. DAR DAR "The Piary is a work unequalled in literary and social value Ly any tbinj^ else of a similar kind in the language." — Loii. ^aval and Jiltlitury Uozdlc. "This wt^ik presents an unrivalled combination of attractions. That e.xtraordinary man, .Tohuson, is painted far better than he is by Boswell." — Court Joia-nul. The reviewer in the London Quarterly quite forgets his gallantry in his disgust at Miss Fanny's egotism: '■ ThL- interest is indeed much less than we anticipated, hut in all the rest — the difrusivene«;s — th'> pomposity — the prolixity — the false colourin;; — the factitious ilif;ii Is— and. above .all. the personal ad'eclation and vanity f>f the auilinr, this book exceeds our worst apprehensions. . . . We havt- indeed brought before us not merely the minor notabilities of the day, but a jjreat many persons whose station and talents assure them an historic celebrity. . . . but ■when we come a little closer, and see and hear what all these emi- nent and illustiious personages are saying and doing, we are not a little surprised and vexed to find them a wearisome congregation of monotnnous and featureless pi-osers. brought together for one single object, in which they, one and all, seem occupied, as if it were the main business of human life — namely, the glorification of Miss Fonny Bttrnf-y — her talents — her taste — her sagacity — her wit — her manners — her temper — her delicacy — even, her beauty — and. above all, her modfsty 7" — Vol. Ixx. ■.i44. Allan Cunningham's summary of the merits and de- merits of the author of Evelina is drawn up with his usual taste and judgment. AVe must content ourselves with a brief extract: " Her works are deficient in original vigour of conception, and her characters in depth and nature. She has considered so anx- iously the figured silks and tamboured muslins which Hutt^^r about society, th.xt she has made the throbbings of the hearts which they cover a secondary consideration. . . . Fashion passes away, and the manners of the great are unstable, but natural emotion be- longs to immortality." — Biog. and Crit. Ilist. of the Lit. of the last Fifty Yf-ars. Darch, John, Sermon, 17fifi, 4to. Darcie, or Darcy, Abraham. Original of Idola- tries ; a trans., 162-1, 4to. I>:ircy " fathered this book upon Isaac Casauhon, and was imprisoned in consequence." See Fuller's Church History. Annales: The True and Royall Hist, of Elizabeth, Queene of England, France, and Ireland, 1625, 4to. " A tiunslation of Camden, from the French, by Abraham Darcy, ■who, according to Dr. Fuller, understood not tlie Latin, and haa therefore committed mauy mistakes." — Bp. Xicolson. Other works. D'Arcy,Patrick, Count, 1725-1779, a native of Gal- loway, Ireland, served in tlie French army. 1. Essai sur I'Artillerie, 1760-62. 2. Memoire sur la Duree des Sensa- tions dc la Vue, 1765. 3. Sur la Tht'oriede la Lune, 1749. 4, SurlaTheorieet Pratiquedel'ArtiUerie, 1766. 5. Nou- velle Th^orie d'Artillerie, 1766. 6. Recueil de Pieces sur un Nouveau Fusil, 1767. He made experiments in elec- tricity and mechanics. '•Condorcet fit sou eloge k I'acadSmie des sciences. Plusieurs de ses Merits sont inseres dans les Memoires do I'academie des in- Bcriptions." — Bin/jraphir ITnn'nsiUe. I)ai*c, Wm. Serm. befnre the Freemasons, 1747, Svo. Darell, I^t. Col. Sketches of China, India, and the Cape, 1853, fol. Darell, or Darrell, John. Treatises on possession by devils, 1600, "02. *41. A Detection of that Discours of 5. Harsnet, entitled a Discoverie of the fraudulent prac- tices of John Darrell, 1609. 4to. " In this treatise ' full of sound and fury,' Darrell has contrived to render it somewhat doubtful whether he was a dupe or an im- postor." — Oiffohd; aud see Itliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. Darell, John, was employed from 1615 to 1665 in the affairs of the East Indies. East India Trade first disco- vered by the English, Lon., 1651, 4to. Strange News from Indies, 1652. 4to. Tlie Second partof Amboyna, 1665, 4to. Darell, Re v.Wm. Hist, of Dover Castle,Lon.,17S6,4to. Darker, John. A Breviary of Military Discipline, Lon., 1692, 8vo. Darley, George, combines two characters which are not thought to be peculiarly compatible — mathematician and poet. Poems. Sylvia, or the May Queen, Lou., 1827, 12mo. F.amiliar Astronomy, 1S30, 12mo. Popular Alge- bra, 3d edit., 1836, 12mo. Geometrical Companion, 2d edit., 1841, 12mo. Ethelstan, a Dramatic Chronicle. 1841, Svo. Geometry, 5th edit., 1844, 12mo. Errors of Extasie and other Poems, Svo. Trigonometry, 3d edit., 1S49, 12mo. *'No prose or poetry can he further fiom the sonorous school of Addison, and nowhere can we tind rhythmical cadences of greater beauty than in some occasional passages of Darley. '* — A critic in Arcturits: see Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Kngland. *' George Darley is a true poet and exci^Ufnt mathematician: there is much compactaud graceful poetry in hi-; May IJueen ; and in The Olympian Revels a dramatic freedoi]i and firvour too sel- dom seen in song." — Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of Lit. for the lust Fifty Vmrs, 1S33. Darley, J. R. Treatise on the Dramatic Literature of the Greeks, Lon., IS40, Svo. Homer, with Questions, 1848, 12mo. 476 Darley, John. Chelsea College, Lon., 1662, 4to. Darley, W, F. Public G. Statutes rel. to Ireland, Dubl., 1S41. 5 vols. Svo. General Orders Ct. Court of Chancery in Ireland, &c., 1843, 12mo. Darling, J. J. Powers and Duties of Law Officers, Lon., Svo. Practice of the Court of Session, Scotland, 2 vols. Svo. Darling, James. Cyclopicdia Bibliographica: A Library Manual of Theolog. and General Literature, and Guide for Authors, Preachers, Students, and Literary Men. Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biogriiphical. Vol. i., composed of 21 Nos., 1852-54. Vol. ii.. Parts 1 to 5, 1857. We heartily recommend this truly-valual»Ie work — to which our pages have been frequently indebted — to every one who poss^esses knowledge, and every one who seeks it. Vol. i. contains Authors aud their works, alpha- betically arranged. In many eases tbe volumes are care- fully dissected, so that the reader can see at a glance the topics discussed, and turn at once to the portion which contains the matter sought for. In the second volume the " whole of the matter contained in the first is arranged under heads or common places in scientific order, with an Alphabetical Index, by which any subject can bo readily referred to ; and all authors of any authority who have written on it are at once exhibited, with the titles of their Works, Treatises, Dissertations, or Sermons, and a refer- ence to the volumes and pages where they are to be found." " Mr. Darling ha.=i been an eminent theological bookseller in Lon- don for at least forty years, llehiis brought all his bibliographical knowledge to bear upon this most valuable and accurate work. All the leading English journals, both ecclesiastical and secular, episcopal and non-episcopal, unite in commending its plan and exe- cution.''— T. II. IIoRN-E, D.D., Assist. Lib. Brit. Mus., in a Utter to the authiyr of this Dictionary, Aug. 31. 1858. Darling, John. Carpenter's Rule, Lon., 1658, Svo. Darling, P. I>I. Romance of the Highlands, 1810. Darling:ton, William, M.D.,LL.D., b. 17S2, in Bir- mingham township, Chester co., Penn., was brought up to Agriculture till 18 years of age. In ISOO he commenced the study of Medicine under Dr. John Vaughau of Wil- mington, Del., and in 1804 he graduated M. D. in the Uni- versity of Penn. In 1806, '07 he m.ade a voyage to India as ship's surgeon. During the last 40 years he has filled several important positions of trust under the General Go- vernment, as well as that of his native State. The degree of LL.D. was conferred by Yale College. Dr. Darlington has spent a long life in the pursuit of Botany, his favourite science, in which he has obtained an enviable reputation. The following are his principal works: 1. Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease, Svo, 1S04-06. 2. Flora Cestrica, 1st ed., 1826; 2d, 1837; 3d, 1853. This work has been favourably noticed by the greatest botanists of Europe. 3. Edited Reliquiie CaldwiniiB, 1843, Svo. 4. Agricultural Botanv, 1847. 5. Edited Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey Marshall, Phil., 1849, r. 8vo. These works have all been favourably reviewed in Silliman's Journal, q v. Darnell, VV. N. Sermons, Lon., 1816, Svo. Darraeott, R. W. Sermons, 1756, 12mo. Dart* Complaintof the Black Knight; from Chaucer, 1718, Svo. Dart, J. H. Suggestions for a General Registry, Lon., 1844, Svo. Compendium of the Law and Practice of Ven- dors and Purchasers of Real Estate. 2d edit, Lon., 1852, Svo. Amer. edit., with copious Notes and References. Also a Preparatory View of the Existing Law of Real Pro- perty in England and the United States, by Thos. W. Wa- terman, New York, 1851, Svo. ''T have examined with attention Dart's Vendorsand Purchasers of Real Estate, edited by Mr. Waterman. It is a most excellent practical work." — Hon. Lewis II. Sandpobd, Judge of the Superior Omrt. New York. Dart, John. Hist, and Antiq. of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury, Lon., 1726, fol. Hist, and Antiq. of the Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Westm., 1723. 2 vols. fol. Darton,Nioh. Christ the True Bishop, Lon.. 1641, 4lo. D'Arusniout, Madame Frances, bettor knoAvu as Miss Fanny Wright, d. at Cincinnati, 1852. aged 57, made herself famous in America about 1830 by the pro- mulgation of some foolish doctrines, which we understand she subsequently repudiated. 1. Altorf ; a Tragedy, Phila., 1S19, Svo. 2. Views of Society and Manners in America, &c in 1818-20, N. York. 1821, Svo; Lon., 1821, Svo. 3. A Few Davs in Athens, Lon., 1822, Svo. Darwall, Mrs. E. Poems, 1794; ditto, 1811. Darwall, John. Political Lamentations, 1777,410. Darwin, Charles, 1758-I77S, a son of Erasmus Dar- win, M.D. Experiments establishing a Criterion between Mucilaginous and Purulent M.atter, Ac, Lichfield, 17S0, Svo. Pub. by his father. DAR DAV Darwin, Charles. Narrative of the 10 years' Voyaj^e of II. M. Sbips Adventure ami Beagle. Lon.. 1839, 3 vols. Svo. Vol. i. by Capt. King; ii. by Capt. Fitzroy; iii. by Chas. Darwin, giving an account of his discoveries in Nat. Hist, (Journal of Researches j Nat. Hist, and Geology, 1839, Svo.) *' Mr. Darwin's Journal contains many valuable contributions to science. I cannot help considerini; his voya-je rounil the world as one of the most important events for Genlo^rv which has occurred for many vi iis." — Sfr. Whev-elVs Addrrss to the Gmlfig. Sue. Z>n,\n'^y (.(' the Voy. of H. M. S. Beagle. 1 832-36. Edited and snpt.iinteiided by Charles Darwin, 1843, 4to. For di- visions see Ilich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, or the London Pub- lisher's Cat. Geological Observations, 1S42, '44, M*i, 8 vols. Svo. Voyage of a Naturalist round the World, 2d edit., 1845, p. Svo. "The author is a first-rate landscape painter, and the dreariest Bolitudea are made to teem witli interest." — Lon. Quar. Unh Monograph of the Family Cirripudia, 2 vols. Svo, pub. by the Royal Society, and distributed to the subscribers in the years 1851 and '53. " It has been cltaracterised by a competent writer as one of the most remarkable works on zoology produced during tlie present century." See Knight's Eng. Cyc, and Agassiz's Bibliographia Geologise et Zoologiie. DarAvin, Erasmus, M.D., 1731-1802, was a native of Elton, near Newark, Nottinghamshire. He studied both at St. John's College, Cambridge, and at Edinburgh, and having chosen the profession of medicine, practised first at Northampton, and subsequently at Lichfield, where he acquired a profitable practice. Being left a widower, he was married in 17S1 to Mrs. Colonel Pole, by whose in- fluence he was induced to retire to Derl>y, where be died suddenly in 1S(!2. Dr. Darwin enjoyed considerable repu- tation as a botanist, philosopher, and poet. Botanic Gar- den : a Poem in two parts. Part 1 containing the Economy of Vegetation. Part 2, The Loves of the Plants, with Philosophical Notes, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Part 2 had been previously pub. anonymously at Lichfield, 1789, 4to. " Pompous rhyme — the scenery is its sole recommendation." — Lord Byron. But there must have been some merit in poetry which, without the advantage of literary reputation, secured the author so large a host of enthusiastic admirers. Darwin's powers of description and of dramatic etfect were umloubt- edly great. The absence of judgment and taste is equally clear; hence the decline of his early fame. Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life, Lon., 1794-96, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 1301, 4 vols. Svo. This work will remind the reader of the speculations contained in a volume which has lately excited much attention — Vestiges of the Natural History of Crea- tion. Darwin's fallacies — especially his theory which re- fers instinct to sensation — have been amply exposed by Dr. Thomas Brown, Dugald Stewart. Paley, Good, and others. See Dr. Brown's Observations on the Zoonomia, Edin.. 1798. Svo. Plan for the Conduct of Female Educa- tion in Boarding Schools, Derby, 1797, 4to. Phylologia, or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening, Lon., 1800, '01, 4to. '' The section on manures, or the food of plants, is the sole part that interests the agriculturist, and it is much too refined for the grossness of the farmer's application of the articles. No new fact was elicited and established, but much light was cast on the pro- cesses that had been adopted.'' — Donahlson's AgricuU. Biog. The Temple of Nature, or the Origin of Society ; a Poem, with Philosophical Notes, Lon., 1803, 4to. Posthumous. Profess, con. to Med. Trans., 1785. Phil. Trans., 1757, *60. '74, '78, '85. Poetical Works, with Philosophical Notes, 1807, 3 vols. 8vo. See Memoirs of his Life, by Anna Seward. Lon., 1804, Svo; reviewed in Edin. Rev., iv. 230. The reader must peruse this article, and see if he can trace any resemblance between Dr. Darwin's school and the poem of Universal Beauty, pub. Lon., 1735, fol. See a review of The Temple of Nature, Ac. in the same periodical, ii. 491. "Only a few years have elapsed since the genius of the author of The Botanic Garden first burst on the public notice in all its splendour. The novelty of his plan — an imposing air of boldness and originality in his poetical as well as philosophical speculations — and a striking display of command over some of the richest sources of poetical embellishment, were sufficient to secure to him ft large share of approbation, even from the most fastidious readers, and much more than suflicient to attract the gaze and the indis- crirainating acclamations of a herd of admirers and imitators. Yet, with all these pretensions to permanent fame, we are much deceived if we have not already observed in that of Dr. Darwin the visilile symptoms of decay." — 180.3, (by T. Thomson.) Dai-\vin, Robert Waring, M.D., brother to the pre- ceding. Prineipia Botanica, or a Concise and Easy In- troduction to the Sexual System of Linnseus, 3d ed., cor- rected and enlarged. Lon., 1810, Svo. Profes?. con. to Mem. Med., 1792; Phil. Trans., 1786; on the Ocular Spec- tra of Light and Colours. Oary, Michael. Mathcmat. treatises, 1^04, '09, '77. Dashwood, James. The Case ofthc Rector of D.,1S12. Paiibeny, Charles, D.D.. 1744-1827. was educated at New College, Oxford ; Prebendary of Sati.^bury, 1784; Archdeacon of Sarum, 1S04. A Guide to the Church; 3d ed., Lon., 1830, r. Svo. Appendix to do.; 3d ed.. 1830, r. Svo. Vindiciiie Ecclesiw Anj^jlicanaj, 1S03, Svo. Remarks on the Unitarian Method of Interpreting the Scriptures, 1S15, Svo. Discourses, 1802-10. 3 vols. Svo. Charges, Serms., Ac, 1809, *19, Ac. Dr. Daubeny is said to have been one of the contributors to the Anti-Jacobin Review. Daubeny, Charles Giles Bridle, M.D., F.ll.S., Prof, of Bot:niy anil Chemistry in the University of Ox- ford. 1. Essay on the Geology and Chemical Phenomena of Volcanoes. Oxford, 1S24, Svo. 2. Description of the Active and Extinct Volcanoes, with Remarks on their Origin. Lon., 1826, Svo ; 2d ed., IS-IS, Svo. " One of the most nseful contributions to geological science that has yet appeared." — Edinhttrgh Revifw. 3. Introduc. to the AtomicTheory, 1S31, Svo ; with Siipp., 1840, Svo ; new ed.. 1850. Svo. 4. Lects. on Agricult., 1841, Svo. 5. Popular Grcog. of Plants. Sfiuare, lSo5. 6. Lccts. on Roman Husbandry, Oxf., 1857, Svo. For a biog. sketch of Dr. Daubeny and a list of his valuable contributions to the various scientific journals, see Knight's Eng. Cyc. Daiibi§:ny. Dissert, in Orat. Dominic, Lon., 1704, Svo. Dauborne, Robert. See Daborne. Daubuz, Charles, 1670 ?-l 740? a French Protestant divine, came to Enghind on the revocation of the Edict of Nantz, and became Vicar of Brotherton. Pro Testimonio Flavii Josephi, do Jesu Christo, Lon., 1706, Svo. The Re- velations literally trans, from the Greek, Lon., 1712, '20, fol. Pub. in 1730, 4to, by Peter Lancaster, under the title of A Perpetual Key on the Revelation of St. John. This is the best edition. A portion of the work — A Dictionary of Prophetic Symbols — was reprinted in 1842, Lon., Svo, with a Memoir and Preface by Habershon. "For understandini? the prophecies, we are, in the first place, to acquaint ourselves with the figurative language of the prophets." — Sir Isaac Newton. "There is no commentator who can be compared with Daubuz for the accuracy, the care, and the consistency v^'itli which he has explained the piophetic symbols." — Illustrations of Prophec;/. "An elaborate and very useful work, of which later author? have not failed to avail themselves." — Hornets Bihl Bih. Dauby and Leng. Arithmetician, 1814, 12mo. Daucet, N. B. Fundamental Principles of the Laws of Canada, Montreal. 1841, Svo. Daulby, Daniel. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Works of Rembrandt and of his Scholars. Bol, Livens, and Van Vliet, Liverp., 1796, Svo. A work of authority. The preface was written by Mr. Roseoe. Daunce, Edward. A Briefe Discourse of the Spanish State, with a Dialogue annexed, intituled Philobasilis, Lon,, 1590, 4to. Daiincey, John. Chronicle of Portugal, Lon., 1661. Svo. D'Auverg^ne, Edward. See Auvergne, D'. Dauney, Wm. Ancient Scottish Melodies from a MS. of the reign of K. James VI., Lon., 1838, r. 4to. " We can now refer to an authentic National Collection of a com- parative early date, in which a number of our Scottish Melodies are to be found, and among these some of those which have been most deservedly admired, and are here presented, as we conceive, in even a more enga^^ng form than that under which they are popularly known." — Blackiuood's Magazine. Davall, Peter, d. 1768. Trans, of the Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, Lon., 1774, 4 vols. 12mo. Vindication of the New Calendar Tables and Rules, 1761, 4to. Con, to Phil. Trans.. 1728. '49, *62. Davan,Kin^Nmill. Essay on the Passions. Lon., 1799. Davelcourt, D., a native of Scotland. L'Artillier, Paris, 1606, Svo. Daveiiant, Charles, LL.D., 1656-1714. eldest son of Sir William Davenant, was a Member of Parliament, Inspector of Plays, a dramatic author, and a famous writer upon political economy, politics, and trade. His Tragedy of Circe, in which he himself performed, was written at the age of 19: pub. 1677, 4to; also in 1685 and 170:i. A col- lection of his works upon the subjects named above was made and revised by Sir Charles Whitworth, Lon., 1771, 5 vols. Svo. They excited much animosity at the time, but soon gained the ear of the public. See Censura Lite- raria. When Lord Oxford suspected Swift of having writ^ ten any anonymous piece, he used to remark to him: '• This is very much in the style of Dr. Pavenanf ." Respecting the merits of Davenant's writings, a wide difference of opinion has been expressed: "Davenant is certainly a most valuable political author, and undoubtedly a writer whose progress was more advanced than 477 could have been expected at the time he wrote. He had access to olKcial information from which he derived many advantages. lie possessed a very considerable command of language." — Sir John Sinclair. ''Admirable works; replete with curious and instructive reflec- tions." — Duke of Grafton. '• There seem to be but slender grounds for the eulopies bestowed on his writings, or for thinking that they at all accelerated the progress of sound commercial knowledge. They contiiiu little that is valuable that may not be found in the work of !>ir Joshua Child. Some detached paragraphs are exceedingly good ; but the treatises of which they form parts are remarkably inconclusivi". and are for the most part pervaded by the narrowest and most illibrral views. There is no evidence to show thjit Davenant had cvlt rellected on the influence of commerce in facilitating the production of wealth, by its enabling the division of labour to be carried to the farthest extent: that is, by its enabling the people of different countries to apply themselves, in preference, to those employments for the pro- secution of which they have some natural or acquired advantage." —McCuUoch's Lit. of rnlit. Scnnonuj, lS4o. 3.=)2. Davcnaut, John, D.D., 1576-1641, a native of Lon- don, was educated at, and Fellow of, Queen's College, Cam- bridge; Lady Margaret Profess, of bivinity, 1609; Master of bis College, 1614; sent by James L to the Synod of Dort, 1618; Bisbop of Salisbury, 1621. He incurred the displeasure of the king by maintaining the doctrine of predestination in a sermon preached before big majesty. Expositio Epistolaj D. Pauli ad Colossenes, Cantab., 1027, fol.; 3d ed., Cantab., 1639; Amst., 1646, 4to; Groning., 1655, 4to. This is the substance of Lectures read by the author. "The bishop pays considerable attention to find out the literal sense, as well as to illustrate the doctrinal and practical meaning, of the epistle. Walch commends it; and the learned author of the Svnopsis speaksofDavenant as an interpreter far above his praise." -^Orme's Bihl. Bib. "Davenant's Exposition is valuable, notas a book for continuous perusal, but as a work of reference, in which the reader will find DAY cialiy Shakespeare, who frequented his house in his journies be- tween Warwickshire and London.) was of a melancholic disposi- tion, and was seldom or never seen to laugh, in whirh he was imi- tated by none of his children but by Robert, his eldest son. after- wards Fellow of St. John's Coll. and a venerable doct. of div. As for William, whom we are farther to mention, and may justly stile • the sweet swan of Isis,' he was educated in grammar learning un- der Kdw. Sylvester, whom I shall el.^ewhere mention, and in acade- mical in Line. Coll. under thecare of Mr. Ban. Hough, in 1620, or 21, or thereabouts, and obtained there some smattering in logic; but his geny which was always opposite to it, lead him in the pleasant paths of poetry, so that tho' he wanted much of university learn- ing, yet he made as high and noble flights in the poetical faculty, asfancy could advance, without it." — Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., jli. 802. On quitting college he obtained the place of page to the celebrated Duchess of Richmond, and subsequently resided in the household of Sir Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke, by whose death in 1628 he was once more thrown upon his own resources. In the same year appenred his Tragedy of Albovine, King of the Lombards, pub. 1629, 4to. To this .succeeded The Just Italian, a Play; and The Cruel Brother, a Tragedy, both pub. 1629, 4to. The success of these pieces, and other compositions, (see a list of his pro- ductions in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual.) gave the author a position among the wits of the day, and in 1637 be suc- ceeded Ben Jonson as poet laureate. In 1641 be became involved in the political difficulties which entangled most of the principal men of the time. Of course he was a royal- ist, and for his efforts on behalf of the unfortunate mon- arch he was for some time imprisoned, and was glad to retire to France. After a short residence al:>road, he re- turned to England, and served with the royalist forces as lieutenant-general of the ordnance at tho siege of Glouces- ter. At this period be was knighted by King Charles. Again repairing to Franco, he was honoured with the con- most of the disputed points of the Papistical, Oalvinistic, and some fidence of Queen Henrietta Maria, and intrusted by her minor controversies treated with great acuteness, learning, and judgment." — Lon. Eclrctic Ji'i:vieio. " A very excellent work, full of valuable elucidation." — Bicker- SteOi's Chridian Stuito sketHi of the Character and Love of Birthii, would it not be well worth while to read the six thousand lines of Gon- dibert? But we are extending this article unwarrantably, DAY DAV and must conclude ; not, however, without the citation of some opinions upon the merits of the once thrice-famed, now little known, ''Rare Sir William Davenant !" " I found hiui of so quick a fancy, that nothing was proposed to him on which he could not suddenly produce a thought ex- tremely pleasant and surprising; and those first thoughts of his, contrary to the old Latin proverb, were not always the least happy. And as his fancy was quick, so likewise were the products of it re- mote and happy, lie borrowed not of any other, and his imagina- tions were such as could not easily enter into any other man, be- stowing twice the time and labour in polishing which he used in invention." — Dryden. Dryden on other occasions expresses his ohligations to Davenant, and surely the latter had a claim upon his gra- titude, for Dryden remarks in his preface to the Tempest, which they had altered : '' It was originally Shakspeare's — a poet for whom he had par- ticularly a high veneration, and whom he first taught me to ad- mire.'' "Gondibert, which is rather a string of Epigrams than an Kpic Poem, was not without its admirers, among whom were Waller aud Cowley. But the success did not answer his expectation. When the novelty ot it was over, it presently sunk into contempt; and he at length found, that when he strayed from Homer he deviated from nature." — Granger, iv. 4.3. ''The stanza which he has adopted is better suited to elegiac than to heroic poetry. A beautifully descriptive passage, inter- spersed in the course of two or three hundred lines, will not alle- viate the tedium of the rest; as an occasional flash of lightning cannot illuminate the continual gloominess of an extensive pros- pect." — Knox's EsS(i>/s. ii. 377. " When a writer who is driven by so many powerful motives to the imitation of preceding models, revolts against them all, aud determines at any rate, to be original, nothing can be expected but an awkward straining in every thing. Intproprr method, forced conceits, and ajdVcted expressimi, are the certain issue of such ob- stinacy. The busine.ss is to be untile; and this he m.ay very pos. Bibly be, but at the expense of graceful ease and true beauty." — Bii-twp Hurd's Critical Commentaries. Notes, and Dissertations, ill. 13S-144. But Mr. Headley disputes the justice of the bishop's critique : " After all, it seems but candid to examine every work by those rules only which the author prescribed himself in the composing of it: every contrary step is but trying a m.an of one country by the laws of another. What right have we, therefore, to be offended at not finding the critical acts passed by Aristotle originally, and re-echoed by IJossu and the French critics, rigidly observed, when it was the author's professed intention to write without them?" — Bi"(]. Sketches pr-ftxed to HeadJey's Collection, vol. i. See Biog. Brit. Davenant, Kev. William, drowned whilst swim- ming, 1681, fourth son of the preceding, was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Trans, of La Mothe le Vayer's Animadversions on Greek and Latin Historians. Davenport,C'hristopher, 1598-1 680, became a Fran- ciscan, adopted the name of Sanct.a Clara, and was chap- lain to Queen Henrietta Maria. De Prasdestinatione Me- ritis, &c., Lugd., 1634, Svo. Apologia Episcoporum, 1610, 8vo. Manuale Miss. Regularium, Duaci, 1658, 8vo. Sys- tema Fidei, &,:. Lodi, 1G48, 4to. Vindic. of R. Catholics, IfioS). Religio l'hil..,«ophi, ,1c,, Duaci, 1662, 8vo. R. C. Belief, 1670, Svo. Middle State of Souls. See Bishop Heber's Life of Jeremy Taylnr. Davenport,Francis. Tides at Tonquin, Phil. Trans., 16S4. Davenport, Humphrey. Abrigt. of Coke upon Lit- tleton. 4th cd., Lon., 1685, 12mo. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl. Davenport, John, 1597-1670, brother of Christopher, emigrated to Boston in 1637, aud was minister at New Haven and at Boston. He was of great learning, piety, and zeal. AVhen 'Whalley and Goffe fled to New Havcii, he concealed them in his own house. He pub. a number of serms., letters, &c., 1629-1637. See Athen. Oxon. ; Mather's Magnalia; Trumbull's Conn. ; Hutchinson; Win- throp. Davenport, John. Historic;il Class Book, Lon., 1839, 12mo. "One of the most useful helps to education which has fallen under our critical cognizance." — Lon. M. Advertiser. Hist, of the Bastille. Lives of Eminent Men. Ali Pasha. Narrative. Davenport, K. A. Dictionary of Biography, Lon., 1831. 12mo. Davenport, Richard. Con. to Amer. Phil., 1815; Nat. Phil. Davenport, Robert. New Tricko to cheat the Divell, Lon., 1639, 4to. The City Night Cap, 1655, 4to. Other dramatic pieces. Davenport, Selina. Novels, 1814, '15. Daventer, Henry. Midwifery Improved. 1716, Rvo. Davey, John. Ohs. on Bane in Sheep. Bath. 1830, Svo. David, St., the Patron of Wales, d. 544, was born about the close of the 5th century. He wrote the Decrees of the Synod of 'Victoria, the Rules of his Monasteries, some Homilies, and Letters to King Arthur: all of which hara perished. See Butler's Lives of the Saints; Wharton's Anglia Sacra; Tanner. David, Ap Gwillnm, a famous Welsh bard, is noted for having inscribed 147 poems to the fair Morvid. Such a deluge was too much for her constancj' — if indeed she ever favoured the poet — and she was married to a soldier named Rhys Gwgan, who had distinguished himself at the battle of Crecy. So, in this case, the favourite maxim of authors was disproved, — the Sword outweighed the Pen. David's works were edited in London in 1789. David, Ben. Theolog. Letters to Lon. Quar. Review, 1825. David, Job. Review of Dr. Priestley's Letter to an AntiptBdc.baptist, 1803, Svo. David, M. Effect of Motion, Rest. &c.,Lon., 1790, 4to. David, Michael. Religion, Ac. of J. B. Renoult, 1708. 4to. David, R. 1. The Fast. 2. Fear of God, 1781, '82, Svo. Davidson. The Christian Prize; a Serm., Svo. Davidson, Rev. Anthony. A Sentiment.il Journey, in imitation of Sterne. Serms.; in blank verse. Davidson, Charles. Precedents in Conveyancing, 4th ed.. Lon., l.'^52, 12mo. Common Forms in Conveyanc- ing, 1S46, r. Svo. Davidson, David. Thoughts on the Seasons,1789,8TO. Davidson, David. English Grammar. 1814, 12mo. Davidson, David, D.D. Comment, on the Bible, Lon., 1845, fol. ; 1836-46, 3 vols. 24mo. Pocket Biblical Diet., new ed., 1837, 24mo. Prophecy, 1S39, 12mo. Con- nec. of S. and P. Hist., 1842, 24rao. '■This work is well executed. The historical plan is clear and unique, and the style is singularly attractive, on account of its purity and strength.'' — Prote.^tant Churchman. Davidson,fi. B.arkTreeinSt. Lucia.Phil.Trans.,17S4. Davidson, G. F. Trade and Travel in the East, Lon., 1846, p. Svo. "One of the best and most entertaining books of travels pub- lished within the last three years.'' — Lon. Dispatch. Favourably reviewed in the Edin. and Lon. Quar. Re- views. Davidson, Henry. Waterloo; a Poem.Lon.,1816,Svo. Davidson, James. Two Serms.. 1804. Davidson, .lohn. Dialogue betwixt a Clerk and a Courteour, concerning the state of Parish Kirks in Scot- l.and, 1570, cr. Svo. 40 copies reprinted at Edinburgh in 1829. Helpes for Y. S. in Chris., Kdin., Davidson, John. 1602. Svo. Davidson, John. Davidson, John Scotland in 1329, '30, '31 Catechism, Edin., 1708, Svo. Accounts of the Chamberlain in Obs. on the Regiam M.ajestatem, Edin., 1792, Svo. Remarks on some Edits, of the Acts Pari, of Scotland, 1792, Svo. See Sir D-iviD Dalrym- ple's Anniils of Scothand, iii. 340. Davidson, Lucretia Maria, 1808-1S25, a native of Plattsburg, New York, was the daughter of a physician. Before she was six years of ago she wrote quite a number of origiuiil poetical compositions, which were accidentally discovered, having been carefully concealed in a closet sel- dom visited. Her first poem which has been preserved, w:is written when she was nine years old. The earliest of her productions which has been published w,as written at eleven ye:irs of age. Before she was twelve years old she had read much of Shakspcare, Kotzebue, and Goldsmith, many of the standard English poets, and several histo- rians. Such remarkable precocity of course excited much observation, and when about 16 years of age, by the kind- ness of Mr. Moss Kent, she was placed at the excellent seminary of Mrs. Willard, .at Troy. This lady, who has done so much to educate the female mind in America — • whose name is so familiar to many mothers who are now communicating to their children the intellectn.al and moral lessons acquired from their former preceptor — immediately recognised the peculiar characteristics of the mind con- fided to her guidance. She remarks : '• 8be at once surprised us by the brilliancy and pathos of her compositions; she evinced a most exquisite sense of the beautiful in the productions of her pencil; always giviog to whatever she attempted to copy certain peculiar and original touches which marked the liveliness of her conceptions, and the power of her genius to embody those conceptions. But from studies which re- quired calm and steady investigation. efTorfsof memory, judgment, and consecutive thinking, her mind seemed to shrink. She had no confidence in herself and appeared to regard with dismay any requisitions of this nature." During the vacation — a few months after her reception into Mrs. Willard's household — she sufiTered from ill health, but rallied sufficiently to be jilaced at a school in Albany, where it was hoped she might be able to continue her stu- 479 DAY DAY dies. Bui il was soon iipparcnt that hor life was not to ' 399 ; Sparks'a Amer. Biog,, vii. 209; Lon. Quar. Rev., xll. be prolun^jcil. The unfavourable symptoms which had 289, Ixix. 49 ; Chris. Examiner, xxxi. 269. In London, alarmed the anxiety of her family and friends now deve- the biographies of the sisters, by Miss Sedgwick and Mr. loped themselves with increased strength, and resulted fa- , Irving, have been incorporated into one volume, tally on the 27th of August, 1S25, one mouth before she , Davidson, iHaigaret 31., mother of the two preccd- had" attained the age of 17. So great was her facility in I ing. A volume of Selections from her ^Uitmgs, with a composition, that she left no less than two hundred and ! preface by Miss Sedgwick, was pub. in 1843. seventy-eight pieces, (about one hundred and forty had I '-There is nothing in her book to »■•■■«»' ''"™!''°- ^l''":?.';^'?" , ,. iiri. i.i\ ii„ fi I son has some command of language, and a knowltdfre ol ver&ifica- been destroyed before her death,) among which were five ^P,"""^^^ ,hj, ,i,ij.f production of her industry in this line isapara- poems of several cantos each, a number of romances, and , -jj^gj^^ of six books of Fintial. Her writings are interesting onjy a tragedy. A collection of her pieces, with a memoir, was pub. in 1829, by Mr. Samuel F. B. Morse, under the title of Amir Khan and other Poems : the Remains of Lucretia Maria Davidson. An interesting review of this volume by Ro- bert Southey will be found in the London Quarterly Re- view, xli. 289. Miss Catherine M. Sedgwick also has pub. a biography of her life and character, and the reader will find interesting notices of Lucretia M. and Margaret M. Davidson in Dr. Griswold'a Female Poets of America, and in Mrs. Hale's Records of Woman. " In these poems there is enough of originality, enough of aspi- ration, enough of conscious energy, enough of growing power, to warrant any expectations, however sanguine, which the patron, and the friends and parents of the deceased could have formed. ... In our own language, except in the cases of Chatterton and Kirke Wliite, we can call to mind no instance nf so early, so ardent, and so fatal a pursuit of intellectual advancement." — llOBERT SODTHEY, iibi su2:ira. Davidson, Margaret Miller, 182.'i-1838, was a sis- ter of the preceding, and distinguished by the same re- markable precocity of intellect and facility in literary composition. At the early age of six years she found great delight in the perusal of the poems of Milton, Cow- per, Thomson, Scott, and other authors of the same class. "By the time she was six years old," remarks her mo- ther, "her language assumed an elevated tone, and her mind seemed filled with poetic imagery, blended with veins of religious thought." About this time she commenced " lisping in numbers," and specimens of her poetry then written will be found in Washington Irving's charming Memoir of this wonderful child, for she was but fifteen years and eight months old when translated to a brighter sphere. Of the beautiful stanzas addressed to her sister Lucretia, Mr. Irving remarks : " We m.ay have read poetry more artificially perfect in its struc- ture, but never any more truly divine in its inspii-ation." Leonore is the longest of her poems; (the volume just quoted contains some of her prose compositions, also:) " It is a story of romantic love, happily conceived, and illustrated with some tine touches of sentiment and fancy. It is a crcditaltle production, and would entitle a much older author to considera- tion ; but its best passages scarcely equal some of her eailier and less elaborate performances." — Oriswotd's Female Biets of America. Mrs. Davidson had drank deeply of the cup of affliction : few could lose such a daughter as Lucretia Maria: — but it was much that her little sister — then not quite two years old — was left to comfort the stricken p.arent. When only three years of age the child would sit " on a cushion at her mother's feet, listening to anecdotes of her sister's life, and details of the events which preceded her death ; and would often e.xclaim, while her face beamed with mingled emo- tions, ' Oh, I will try to fill her place — teach me to be like her!'" Her prayer had been granted. She had grown up to supply her sister's place, and had evinced the possession of powers calculated to honour her name and bless her race — when she too was called to bo numbered with the "early lost, the long deplored." Again the fond mother had to pass through the afflicting scenes from which she had already suffered so deeply. Some four years after she had followed Margaret to the grave, she remarks in a letter to the author of this work — referring to an incident which had recently transpired — "I will not attempt to describe feelings which brought before my mind's eye with all the freshness of yesterday, some of the most deeply touching incidents in my sorrowing and varied life, with cherished and sacred recollections of the dear one who, like a bright dream, has faded away from my sight in this world forever!" The reader must not fail to peruse the deeply interesting memoir by Mr. Irving before referred to. 'We may fitly conclude this sketch in his own words: ■' We shall not pretend to comment on these records; they need no comment, and they .admit no ht-ightcning. Indeed, the farther we have proceeded with our subject, the nioie has the intellectual beautj' and the seraphic purity of the little being we have intended to commemorate broken upon us; and the more have we shrunk at our own unworthiness for such a task." Notices of the literary history of the gifted sisters, and reviews of Miss Sedgwick's and Mr. Irving's biographies, will bo found in the Southern Lit. Messenger, i. 51 ; is. 94, 4S0 as Indexes to the early culture of her daughters."— Grii-wi/Ws Fe- male P'«-ls nf Amei-ica. Davidson, Robert. Serm., 1(07, 4fo. Davidson, Robert, and David Douglass. De- cisions of the C. of Sess., 1792-96, Edin., 1797, fol. The same, 1796-1801. fol. Davidson, Samuel. Con. to Med. Com., 1790. Davidson, Rev. Samuel, LL.D. Ecclesiastical Po- lity of the N. Test., Lon., 1848, 8vo. Introduo. to the N. Test., 1848-61, 3 vols. 8vo. Biblical Criticism, Edin., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo ; new ed., Lon., 1855, 8vo. Sacred Hermeneu- tics Developed and Applied, 1843, Svo. " Nothing seems to be left undone which could be brought within the prescribed limits ; and tliat which has been done appears to be well done and treated in an intelligent and masterly manner." — Ck. nf England Quar. Rev. Trans, of Gieseler's Comp. of Eccles. History, Lon., 1 846, ic, 4 vols. Svo. See CLarke's Foreign Theolog. Library. "Gieseler's Church History is an invaluable storehouse of refer- ence to the anxious and inquiring studeut and doctrinarian." — Lon. Eclec. Rev. Text of the Old Testament Considered, Lon., 1856, 8vo. Davidson, Thomas. Cantus; Songs and Fancies, Aberdeen, 1666. This is said to be the first collection in which Scottish Songs are to be found. Davidson, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1749, 8vo. Davidson, Thomas. Sketch of Dr. Erskine,1803,8vo. Davidson, \Vm. Sermon on Fasting, Newc, 1793, Svo. Brief Outline of an Exam, of the Song of Solomon, Lon., 1817, Svo. "The author of this work considers the Canticles as an inspired song, wholly referring to the spiritual Solomon, or Christ and his true spiritual church.'' — Horne's Bibl. Bib. Davidson, Wni. The Pulmonary System. Lon., 1795, Svo. Con. toMed. Com., 1793; to Med". Facts, 1792, '93, '94. Davidson, Wm.,M.D. On the Continued Fevers of G. Britain and Ireland, Lon., 1841, Svo. Treatise on Diet, 1843, 12mo; 1847. "The volume is comprehensive; it includes a great deal of most useful matter; and will be a valuable guide to the student and young practitioner." — Efliti. Med. and Surg. Jtrumal. Davidsone, David. Disp. Inaug. de Febre Quar- tana. Lugd. Eat., 1686, 4to. Davidsone, John. Ane brief Commendatioun of Vprichtnes. Imprentit at Sanct Androis be R. Lekpreuick, 1573. 4to. Davie, Charles H. Ilist. of the Inquisition,1851,12mo. " A fair and full account of the evils which it professes to de- scribe, since its statements are taken from the most authentic souices of information, both ancient and modern." — Chru. Times. Davie, John C. Letters from Paraguay,Lon.,1805,8vo. " A fictitious work of no reputation or value." Davie, Sampson. End, Ac. of T. Norton; in verse, 1570, Svo. Davies. Antiquities: see Hearne's Collec., ii. Davies,Arabella. 1. Letters. 2. Diary,17S8, 12mo. Davies, .\nth. The Protestant's Practice. Sparkles of the Spirit, 1656, '58. Davies, B. Serm., Lon., 1785, Svo. Davies, C. M. Hist, of Holland, Lon., 3 vols. Svo, 1S41, '42, '44; new ed., 1S51. " Historical students must and ought to be gr.ateful to the au- thor of this valuable work, which has long been wanted." — Lon. Athevo'tnn. Davies, C. N. Lectures on Prophecy, 1836, 12mo. "This little volume displays both thought and feeling oua sub- ject of the deepest interest."— -Bntis/j Magurine. Davies, Charles, LL.D., born at Washington, Con- necticut, for many years Professor at West Point. Prof Davies is the author of the following valuable series of Mathematical works, which are very extensively used in schools and colleges throughout the U. S., and, it is said, h.ave produced the author more than $50,000; 1. Primary Table Book. 2. First Lessons in Arithmetic. 3. Intel- lectual Arithmetic. 4. School Arithmetic. 5. Grammar of Arithmetic. 6. University Arithmetic, 1st ed., 1S46. 7. Elementary Algebra, 1st ed., 1839. 8. Elementary Geo- metry and Trigonometry, 1st ed., 1840. 9. Practical Ma- thematics, 1852. 10. Bourdon's Algebra, 1st ed., 1834. 11. Legeudre's Geoinefrv, 1st ed., 1828. 12. Elements of Surveying, 1st ed., 1832. 13. Analytical Geometry. DAV DAV 14. Differential and Integral Calculus. 15. De.=cri|itive Geometry, 1st ed., 182(). 1H. Shades, Shadnw.s, and Pcr- spoetive. 17. Logic of Mathematics. 18. M.athematical Dictionary, 1855, N. York, Svo. See Peck. \Vm. G. Davies, Charles G. Scrm., Lon., 1841, 8to. Davies, D. 1. Serm. 2. Letters, ISIO, Svo. Davies, D, W. Scrm., Cranbronk, isii:!, Svo. Davies, David. Med., Ac. con. I(. Phil. Trans., 17nn,'01. Davies, David. ,Jurynion's Guide, Lon., 177'.l, 8vo. Davies, Rev. David, The Case of Labourers in Ilusliaudry stated and considered, Lon., 1795, 4to. ■■ A pulilicition ^vhich tiiis b.-eii a ^jood deal referred to for its tacts and statements."— 3/c/'////ft(!/(> Lit. rtf l^HL Kc>m. Davies, Rev. David Peter. A New Historical and Descriptive View of Derbyshire, Lon., 1811, Svo. Davies, E. Serm., 1720, Svo. Davies, Ebenezer. American Scenes and Christian Slavery, Lon., 1S4S, '53, 12mo. Davies, Edward. Art of War, Lon., IfilS, 4to. Davies, Edward. Serm., 176fl, Svo. Davies, Edward, 1756-1S.11, Rector of Bi.shopston, and Chancellor of Brecon. Vacunalia; E.ss.ay in verse, Lon., 1788, Svo. Twelve Dialogues on Different Subjects, ISOl, Svo. Celtic Eesearches, or the Origin, Tn'ulitions, and Languages of the Ancient Britons, 1804, Svo. The Rites and Mythology of the British Druids, ISno, r. Svo. "But above all other works on thi' sulject of TIruidism would we reoommend Davies. ttie author of the Celtic Itescarches. His History of the British Druids is a perfect mine of information on their most recondite antiquities. Davies. thouRh not free from the hyper-enthusiasm which always runs in the blood of the Welsh, has never been excelled by any writer who has yet discussed Druid- leal Literature.*'— Zon. MmUhly M'ttjazine. Davies, Lady Eleanor, 1(10.3-1653, daughter of Lord George Audley, Earl of Castlohavcn, and wife of the celebrated Sir John Davies, gained great notoriety as a prophetess. She pub. a number of addresses, appeals, pro- phecies, Ac, 1641-52. Her Strange and Wonderful Pro- phecies appeared in 1649, 4to. See Heyliu's Life of Arch- bishop Laud, and Ballard's British Ladies. Davies, Evan. Lightning, Phil. Tr,ans., n.'^n. Davies, Franc. A Catichismo, Lon., 1613, Svo. Davies, Rev. y Islands, fol., Lon., 166rt; year of the great fire: therefore this is a rare work. Voyages and Travels of Frederic's Ambassadors. 1662, fol. Peregrinations, 1669, fol. Kites and Monuments of Durham, 1672, 8vo. Davies, John. Answers to Papers on Free-Trade, 1641, 4to. Davies, John. Apoealvpsis, Lon.. 16o8, 12mo. Davies, John, D.D., 1679-17.32, Prebendary of Ely, was a native of London, and educated at Queen's College, Cambridge, of which he became Fellow. He attained con- siderable reputation as a philologist, Ma.timi Tyril Dis- sertationes Gr. et Lat. ex interpretationes Heinsii, Ac. 1703, 8vo. C. JuIiiCft-saris, &c., Cant., 1706 et '27, 4to. De Na- tura Deorum, 171 S, Svo. Other publications, 1707-27. Davies, John. Display of Herauldry, 1716, 12mo. Davies, John. Scrms., Ac, 1799, 1802, '05, '14. Davies, John. Innkeeper's Guide, Leeds, 1806, 12mo. Davies, John. Cases resj). Patents, Lon., 1816, 8vo. These Cases are held " in high estimation." See Pref. to Phil, on Pat. Davies, Rev. John. Essay on the 0. and N. Test., Camb., 1843, 8vo. Estimate of the Human Mind, Lon., Svo ; new ed., 1847. " A great varii-ty of topics of vast interest are ably and eloquently discussed." — Lon'. Omgn-fiational Mag. Cultivation of the Mind, Lon., 8vo. '■ An able Christian view of the suliject."— Hickersteth. *■ Mr. Davies is every way qualified for the task he has hero un- dertaken." — Imperial Mag. The Ordinances of Keligion practically Dlustrated and Applied, Lon., 8vo. •' We content ourselves with a hearty recommend.ttion of the volume."— inn. I'lilint. „ , t r Davies, Joseph. Increase of Home Trade, Ac, Lon., 1731, Svo. Davies, Myles, a Welsh divine, a native of Tre'r- Abbot, Flintshire. Icon Libellorum: or a Critical Hist, of Pamphlets, Lon., 1715. 8vo; this work is included in the following: Athena: Brit.annic», or a Critical Hist, of Oxford and Cambridge Writers and Writings. This work is one of the rarest in the English tongue. Mr. H. G. Bohn's Cat. of 1841 contains the Icon Libellorum, Svo, Athena Britannicffi, 3 vols. Svo; and I vol. 4to, 1716 ; vols. i. and ii. being a Crit. Hist, of Pamphlets. The 4 vols, are marked £5 5ters. more especially, would peruse these volumes with the dec|K-st attention and serious- ness and endeavour to form their discourses according to the mo- del of our author."— Dr. Thomas Glimoss. ■> fvani-elical His style and manner are not .always good, but being posthumous, he is less to be blamed. On Church Govern- ment he t.ikes the side of Dissenters.' —BicKERSTtTH. ••President Davies is generally cited as the most eloquent Ame- rican divine of the past age. His sermons are formed on the decla- oiatorv and French models, and are direct, vehement, often elo- ouent'and moving appeals, but wanting accuracy and finish •• Ilid til,- ,. Daville, John. Serm. on Ephes. v. 6, 1745, Svo. Davis. Welsh and Latin Dictionary, Lon., 1632, loL DAV A Catalogue of the most noted British Authors, cr rnriHsiiints. Davis. Ilosanna before the Bishops. Lon., 1642, 4to, Davis, Explanation aiul Vindication of the Rubrics before the New Office for the Uth of June. Oxf., 17.S1, 8vo. Davis, Andrew Jackson, the Poughkeepsie Seer and Clairvoyant, w.as born at Blooming (Jrove. Orange CO., N. Y.. 1.S26. 1. Nature's Diviue Revelations. p]i. SflO. Svo, N.Y. 2. The Great Ilarmonia, 6 vols. 12mo; containing Physician, Teacher, Seer, «tc. 3. Review of Dr. Horace Bushnell on Supernaturalism. 4. Philosophy of Spiritual Intercourse. 8vo. 5. Philosophy of Special Providences, Svo. 6. Harmonial Man ; or, Thoughts for the Age, 8vo. 7. Free Thoughts concerning Religion. 8vo. 8. Present Age and Inner Life. 9. The Penetrjilia: Harmouical Answers. Wo append notices of two of Mr. Davis's publications : " We ctn re;;ard this book [The Great Ilarmonia} in no other light than as part of a series of systematic impostures. The iuti- delity of our d.iy is to a considerable extent combitu-d with an amazing degree of credulity and superstition. . . . We have no hesitatiou in predicting that money Hill be lost upon this volume and the remainder of the series — either by the publishers or by the purchasers — and we tbinii it would be full as well for the world at large that the loss should fall upon the former." — Ncrton^s (A'ew i'ork) Litfrary Gii:etle. A well-known writer thus refers to the Principles of Na- ture, her Divine Revelation, .and a Voice to Mankind: "Taken as a wbole. the Mork is a profound and elaborate discus- sion of the Philosojihy of the Universe; and for grandeur of con- ception, soundness s willi a certain latent consciousness of mastery of all its piinciplcs. details, and techni- calities; and yet without the least ostentatious display of superior mental powers." — Professor ISusu. Davis, Asahel, b. 1791, in M.assachusctt.s. Ancient America .and Researches of the E;ist. .30th thousand. 1854. Davis, Crusoe R. Life and Adventures of, Lon., 1756. Davis, Daniel, of Boston, 1773-1835. Criminal Jus- tice. Boston, 2d ed., 1828. Svo; 3d ed, by F. F. Heiird. "A valuable manual of criminal law." — Marvin's Lrgixl Bibl. Precedents of Indictments. Boston, 1831, 8vo. Davis, Daniel, Jr. Manual of Magnetism, 6th ed., Boston, 1854, 12mo. One of the best works upon the Bubjeet. Davis, David D., M.D. Trans, of Phincl on In- Banity, Sheflf., 1806, Svo. Acute Hydrocephalus, Lon., 1840, Svo. " .K treatise eminently calculated to e.Talt the high reputation which already distinguishes its author."— itfm. Mmith. Med. Jiiur., Jan. 1.S41. ' Elements of Obstetric Medicine, Lon., 4to. New ed. in 10 Nos. Svo. and 70 plates in 4to, 1842. " We do not, therefore, hesitate to say that it is a work which ought to be found on the table of every teacher and medical prac- titioner." — EfUn. Medical and SurgicaZ' Magazine, Jan. 1S42. Davis, Edward, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1747. Davis, Edwin Hamilton, b. 1811, in Ross county, Ohio : appointed Prof, of Materia Mcdica and Therapeu- tics in the New York Medical College in 1850. As early as 1833 he commenced his antiquarian researches, the results of which have been pub. as the 1st vol. of the Smithsonian Contrilnitions to Knowledge, entitled: 1. Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, by E. G. Squier and E. II. Davis. 2. Report on the Statistics of Calculous Disease in Ohio, 1850, Svo.- Davis, Francis. A Catechism, Lon., iai2, Svo. Davis, George. Serms., 1758, '63, 4to. Davis, Rev. H. Exercises in Latin, Lon., 1844, 12mo. Davis, Henry W. The War of Ormuz.d .and Ahriman in the Nineteenth Century, Baltimore, 1853, Svo. Davis, Rev. Henry Edwards, 1756-1784, edu- cated at, and Fellow and Tutor of, Baliol Coll., Oxford, when only twenty-one pub. an examination of Giljbon's 15th and 16th chapters of the Decline and Fall, Lon., 1778, Svo. He charges Gibbon with misrepresentations of authors cited and with want of accuracy in his statements. The historian pub. a Vindication, which Davis answered in A Reply to Mr. Giljbon's Vindication, 1779, Svo. Davis, Hewlett. Farming Essays, Lon., 1848, Svo. '•These essays are very particular for sound practice and enlightr ened judgment."— DonaWson's AgricuU. Bing. Davis, Hugh. Do Jure Uniforniilatis Eeelesiastiecc ; of the rights belong, to an unif in Churches. Lon., 1669. Davis, J. Exposition of the Laws rel. to the Medical Profession, Lon.. 1844, Svo. Davis, J. B., M.D. 1. Fever of Waleheren, Lon., 1810, Svo. 2. Hist, of Nice, 1807. 3. Bognor, 1807. 4. Asphyxies. 5. Project. 6. France, Ac, 1807, 2 vols. 12mo. DAV Davis, J. C. B. Mass. Justice, Worcest., 1847, Svo. Davis, Jo. Minucius Felix, cum Notis Jo. Davisii, Glasg.. 1750, 12mo. Davis, John, d. 1605, a celebrated navigator, was a native of Saudridge, Devonshire. Between 1585 and '87 he made three voyages for the discovery of a Northwest p.assage. lie discovered the strait which bears his name. In 1571 he sailed with Cavendish in his voyage to the South Sea, and subsequently made five voyages to the East Indies as pilot. In the l.asthe was killed by the Japanese in the Strait of Malacca. A Traverse Book by J. D. in 1587. A Report of J. D. of his three voyages made for the Discovery of the N. West Passage. Pub. by Hakluyt. The World's llydrographieall Description, Lon., 1595, Svo! This very rare vol. was pub. by Davis himself. The Sea- men's Secrefs, 1595, Svo, 1626 and 1657, 4to. SeeHakluyt's Collection fd" Voyages. Davis, John. News from Ireland, Ac, Lon., 1642, 4to. Davis, John. Theolog. treatises, Ac., 1652, '55. Davis, John. Serm., 1814. Svo. Davis, John. Travels of four and a half years in the U. States, 1799-1802, Lon., 1803, Svo; 1817. Contains some interesting facts relating to Pres. Jefferson, Col. Burr, Ac. He pub. some other works. ■• With more sincerity than is usual among travellers, he states that he made his tour on foot, because he could not atford the ex- pense of a b..is.'. ■—;,'„•/,•» Bibl. Amrr. Nm-a. Davis, Sir John. See Davies. Davis, John A. G., 1802-1840. a lawyer and professor, born m Middlesex Co., Virginia. Before the age of thirty "^he was appointed Law-Professor in the University of Virginia, and filled that chair for ten years or longer. In 18.'J9 he pub. a valuable Treatise on Criminal Law, and Guide to Justices of the Peace, pp. 600, Svo. For gratuitous circulation, a trtict on Estates Tail Executory De'vises, and Contingent Remainders under the Virginia Statutes modi- fying the Common Law; and another tract against the Conslitution.al right of Congress to pass laws expressly and especially for the ' Protection' of Domestic Manufactures, comb.ating Mr. M.adison's views upon that subject. In Nov. 1840, Mr. Davis w.as shot with a pistol by a rioting student, whom he, in obedience to the university-laws, was endeavouring to arrest. After lingering for several days, he died, leaving a widow .and seven children." Davis, John Ford, M.D. Carditis, Bath, 1808, 12mo. Davis, Sir John Francis, Governor of Hong Kong, formerly Her British Majesty's Chief Superintendent in China. 1. The Chinese: a General Description of China and its inhabitants, Lon., 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. Several edits., 1840, Ac. " .Mr. Davis resided twenty years at Canton, where he at length rose to lie chiet of the factory; he accompanied Lord .\mhersfs embassy to Pekin: and be ranks as one of the few Europeans who have ever really mastered the language and literature of China. We have a right, theiefore, to consider the statements which he has now submitted to the public as containing as full and correct a view of this singular people, of their government, laws, and in- stitutions— and. Ill short, of the whole frame of their society, as the many dimcullies with which the subject is beset will permit"— L'm. (^narteelij K, ,-ieir. "This is uii.l.inlitedly the best work on China in the English languagi-. •—Mc< •nllaclis Lit. of J'alit. Eamomg. '■ My informatiouis derived from .Mr. Davis's able and lucid work on China." — DrKE OF AVellinotox. 2. Chinese Moral Maxims, with Tr.anslations, Svo. 3. Chi- nese Novels, Svo. 4. The Mass.acre of Benares; a chapter from British Indian History, fp. Svo. " The whole of this spirit-stirring volume is well entitled to te- rusal. — Lan. Literary Gazette. 5. Sketches of China, 2 vols. p. Svo, 1841 ; and new ed. 6. China during the War and since the Peace, 1852, 2 vols, p. Svo; now ed., 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo. The reader can perhaps learn as much of the Chinese from these works as from any other volumes in the language. Davis, Joseph. Last Legacy, Lon., 1707. i2nio. Davis, Joseph. Digest of Legislative Enactments relating to the Society of Friends, commonly called Quakers, in England ; with occasional Observations and Notes, Lon., 1820, 8vo; 2.1 ed., 1849, r. Svo. Davis, M. Thimgbts on D.ancing, 1791, 12mo. Davis, M. S. Caseof Rev. C.Jones, N. York. 1813, Svo. Davis, Mary Anue. Fables in Verse, 1813, 12mo. Davis, Matthew L., of New York, d. 1850, aged 84, Memoirs of Aaron Burr, N. York, 1837, '38, 2 vols. Svo. Tlie Private Journ.al of Aaron Burr, 1S3S, 2 vols. Svo. See an obituary notice of Mr. Davis in Littell's Living Age, xxvi. 217. Davis, Richard. Auctio Davisiana Oxonii habita, per Gul. Cooper A Ed. Millington, Bibliopol. Lond.,Lon., 1689, 4to. " An excellent Latin poem." — Wood. DAY Davis, Rioharil. Gospul Liglit, Lon., 12mo. Davis, Richard. Tbculog. treatises, Lon., 1693-1700. Davis, Richard. Narrative of Facts, 17S9, 8vo. General View of the Agrieult. of the county of Oxford, Lon., 179-1, 4to. "This is a very meagre report, and was but little noticed." — DonnJdstm^s Afiricidt. Bing. Davis, Richard, 1649-1741, an Irish divine. 1. A Letter to a Friend (who had become a R. Catholic) con- cerning his changing his Religion, Lon., 1694. 4to. 2. The Truly Catholic and Old Religion, showing that the Kst.^- blished Church in Ireland is more truly a nieinher of the Catholic Church than the Church of Rome, and that all the ancient Christians, especially in Great Britain and Ire- land, were of her Communion, Dublin, 1716, 4to. 3. A Letter. 4. Remarks, 4to. 5. Serms.. 1716, Svo ; 1717, 4to. Davis, Richard Bingham, 1771-1799, h. in the city of New York, llis Poems were collected after his death, and puh. with a Memoir by John T. Irving, N. York. 1807. Davis, Thomas. General View of the Agricult. of the County of Wilts. Lon.. 1794, 4to; 1811, 8vo. Davis, Thomas. Poems, with an Introduction hy John Mitchell, N. York, 1856. 18mo. Davis, Thomas A. Cosmogony; or. The Mysteries of Creation. N. York, 1858. Svo. Davis, Rev. W. The Believer's Assurance of Salva- tion: Is it Attainable? ISmo. Davis, Wm. See Davies. Davis, Wm. Mathemat. treatises, Lon.. 1798-1813. Davis, Wm. An Olio of Bibliogr.apbical and Literary Anecdotes, Lon., 1814. 12mo; and Memoranda original and selected. A new edit, has been pub. A Journey round the Library of a Bibliomaniac; or Cento of Notes and Reminiscences concerning rare, curious, and valuable Books, 1821, sm. 8vo. A Second Journey round the Li- brary of a Bibliomaniac, 1825, sm. Svo. Davis, Wm. The Acts of Congress in relation to the District of Columbia from July, 1790, to March, 1831, &c., Wash., 1831, Svo. Davis, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1839, Ac. Davison. Letter to Bowles; 10 Letters, 1803; refer- ring to the Nottingham Election. Davison, Alex. Obs. on the Report of the Committee on Military Inquiry, 1807, Svo. Davison, D., M.D. Trans, of F. C. Schlosser's Hist, of the ISth Century, and of the 19th till the Overthrow of the French Empire, with particular reference to Mental Cultivation and Progress, Lon., 1S43-52, S vols. Svo. This work has been trans, into French and Dutch also. "Sehlosser is. as an historian, second to none of his contempora- ries. We possess in En^'land no writer between whom and him- self it would not be mere irony to institute any comparison. Ranke amonj; German and Thierry among French historians may enter the lists with him. In the deplh and variety of his attainments, and the range and compass of his view, he is superior to them, and among modern writers, quite unrivalled.'* — Wi-stminsUr Bfi-iew. Davison, Francis, sonof Wm. Davison, an eminent statesman irntp. Elizabeth. Poetical Rhapsody. Lon., 1602, '08, '11. '21. With a Preface by Sir E. Brydges, 1814-17, 3 vols. Svo. With Memoirs and Notes by H. H. Nichcdas, 1826. cr. Svo ; 250 copie.i printed, best ed. This excellent collection contains poems by Francis and Walter Davidson, Sir John Davies, Sir Philip Sydney, Sir Walter Raleigh, the Countess of Pembroke, Spenser, Sir H. Wot- ton, Donne, (ireene. and others. " liow .say you. reader? Is not the above a glorious pageant of poets? Does not the mere enumeration of them beget in thee a longing to explore the p-ages which contain their bright thoughts and tuneful lines?" Davison, H., and Merivalo, H. Reports in the Q. B. and upon Writs of Error.ic.lS l.'i.'44,Lon..l.S44,r. Svo. Davison, Ililkiah. Scrm., Lon., 1720. Svo. Davison, John. Dr. Bancrofts Rashness in rayling against the Cli. of Scot, noted. Edin., 1590, 16uio. Davison, John. Algebra, Lon.. 1789. Svo. Davison, John, 1777-1834. Prebendary of Worcester. Discourses on Prophecy. Lon., 1824, Svo ; 6th ed.,Oxf.,1845. '• While the student is carried forward by the interest of critical research, and his understanding enlightened by the wide and clear views opened to him. his piety will not fail to be warmed, his faith strengtheui'd, and his best affections exalted and improved."— British Critic. "Some useful remarks in this work, with much deep, serious, and origin.al thinking." — Bickersteth's Christian Stminit. Primitive Sacrifice, 1825, Svo. Baptismal Regeneration, 1844, Svo. Remains, and Occasional Publications, Oxf., 1840. Svo. Davison, Thomas. Serm., 1683, 'SS. 4to. Davison, Wm., M.D. Med. and chem. works. 1633-60. Davisson, John. Prot. Minister's Mission, 1721. DAV Davors, Jo, Secrets of Angling, by J. D., supposed to be the above, Lon., 1613. 12mo. Augmented by Wm. Lauson, Lon., 1652. In Cen.s. Lit,, 1811. and in 1812, Svo. This rare work is also ascribed to Davies, Donne, and Dennys. Sec Blakey's Lit. of Angling, 1S56, 311. Davy, Charles. Trans, of Baurifs Journey to the Glaciers in Savoy, Norw., 1775, Svo: in conjunction with F. Davy. Letters upon Subjects of Lit., Lon., 1789, 2 vols. Svo. College Terms, 3d ed., 1S24, 4 vols. 12mo ; 1S45, 2 vols. 12in(i. "lluth; an Oratorio. Balaam; an Oratorio. Davy, Chris. Architectural Precedents, Lon., 1840, Svo. Artificiiil Foundations, 1841, Svo. '■ A sort of Chamber Council to be consulted with advantage by all practical men." — Lon. Mechanics' Sh'g. Commended by the Civil Engineer's Jour., The Atlas. &c. Davy, Edm. Chem. con. to Phil. Trans., 1817. Phih M.ag.. 1817. Davy, Henry. Views of Gentlemen's Seats. Archi- tectural Antiq. of Suffolk. 1827-46. Davy, Henry. Landing of Rebels. Lon., 1643, 4to. Davy, Sir Humphry, Bart,, 1778-1829, was a na- tive of Penz.ance. Cornwall. After serving an apprentice- ship to a surgeon and apothecary, he became, at the age of 20. assistant to Dr. Beddoes in the Pneumatic Institution at Bristol. In 1799 Dr. Beddoes pub. a work entitled Con- tributions to Physical and Medical Knowledge, principally from the West of England. To this collection young Davy contributed Essays on Heat, Light, Respiration. Gas, and Colours. In 1803 he became a Fellow of the Royal So- ciety, in 1806 Secretary, and in 1820 President, of that distinguished body. In 1812 he was married to Mrs. Apreece. a lady of large fortune. In 1815-17 he contri- buted to Phil. Trans, the celebrated papers on the Miner's Safety Lamp, for which useful invention the coal proprie- tors of the district of the Tyne and Wear presented him with a service of plate worth £2000. In 1818, '19, he tra- velled in Italy, zealously pursuing his scientific investiga- tions, and during his absence was created a baronet. Ho again travelled on the Continent in 1827, hoping to benefit his impaired health, but he experienced only temporary relief, and died of apoplexy at Geneva in 1829. For an account of the brilliant discoveries of this distinguished benefactor to science, we must refer the reader to the bio- graphies by his brother. Dr. John D.avy, and Dr. Paris. In additions to Six Discourses delivered before the Roy.il So- ciety at their Anniversary Meetings, he was the author of more than fifty Treatises and Lectures upon subjects of scientific investigation. He was also a poet as well as a philosopher, and his powers as an essayist are displayed to ,..,..„* ...].... Tit„ rrn 5 r, lilc P |-.T1 cnl 1, t i ,,11 oC Tmvpl. HT\(\ liftVS great advantage in his Consolations of Travel, and Days of Fly Fishing. '■ Had not Davv been the first chemist," remarked Coleridge to Mr. I'oole, ■' he probably would have been the first pot't of his age."' "Who that has re;id his sul'lime quatraius on the doctrine of Spinoza can duubt that he might have united, if he had pleased, in some great didactic poem, the vigorous ratiocination of Dryden, and the moral majesty of Wordsworth." — Lockhart. Salmonia, or Days of Fly-Fishing. By an Angler, Lon., 1S28, 12mo; 4th ed., 1851, fp. Svo. "We are informed in the pretace, th.at many months of severe and dangerous illness have been partially occupied and amused by the prcsiul tre:itise. when the author was incapable of attending to iiii'rc us, tul stiidii s ur more serious pursuits. While we regret that the ,uniiit of Micutilic investigation, which has led to such brilliant results, should be, for a moment, interrupted, we have heie an example, and a pleasing one. that the lightest pursuits of such anmnasourangler— nay, the productions of those languid hours, in which lassitude succeeds to pain, are more interesting and in- structive than the exertion of the talents of others whose mind and body are in the fullest vigour— illustrating the scriptural ex- pression that the gleaning of the grapes of Kphraim are better than the vintage of Abiezer." — Lon. Quar. Bcvtew, xxxviii. 603. "This is a book on a very delightful subject, by a very distin- guished man. But although it is occasionally rather a plea.sant book than otherwise, it is not by any means worthy either of the subject or the man — the one being Angling, and the other Sir Iluiuphry Tavy." — Prof. Wilson: Blackwofxl's Mag., xxiv. S4S. Read this very amusing review. " We have been greatly delighted with this work."— £o7!. Monthly Rerivw. " The work is of a very superior character, elaborately written, full of most ingenious thoughts, with some passages of a great beauty." — Asiatic Jimrnal. Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher, Lon., 1S30, Svo: 5th ed., IS51, fp. Svo! " Sir H. Davy has in this little work built up for himself a monu- ment, which indicates not. indeed, the extent and the vast advan- tages of his scientific research, but which exhibits the far more interesting portrait of a man who holds in adequate estimation the blessings of religion, and who endeavours to sustain it by the suffrage of science— science so often a truant to this, the most im- portant interest of mankind." — I-au. Monthly Review. •■ Ap:irt from the scientific value of the laljours and researches of Sir U. Davy, they are pervaded by a tone and temper, and an DAV DAW enthiisinstic Inve of nature, which are as atlmirably expressed as their intluouce is excellent.'' Eluinents of Agricultural Chemistry, in a Course of Lec- tures to the Boani of Agriculture. Lon.. ISIH, Uu : 6th ed., revised by John Davy, M.D., 1839, Svo. By Shier, 1840; new ed., 1850. ■' ^;^nl^ideli^g the ten years of research and niedifation which the aiiilior has bestowed on the sulject. its execution has. on the \\ Imli-, lalk-n short of our expectations." — EiJin. Jitvieiv. xxii. '2S0. Kcnd this review; also one in the Lon. Quar. Rev.,xi. 313. "The book enjoyed some little populaiify; but scarcely added any thing to our previous stor-k / RhiU^ric in the Uni- versity of Alabama. Prof. Day has contributed to numerous journals. DAY Day, Henry T. Serms. at Mendlcshara, Lon., 1838, 12mn. Algcr^ife and other Poems, 1838. 12mo. Day, J. Stories for the Young, 1807, 12mo. Day, James. Divine Poetrie, Lon., 1637, 4to. Day, Jeremiah, LL.D., late President of Tale Col- le-^-e, was l»orn in Watshington. Connecticut, August 3. 1773. Author of Introduction to Algebra for the Use of Colleges. A Course of Mathematics for Colleges, embracing the fol- lowing works: Principles of Plane Trigonometry, Mensu- ration, Navigatinn, and Surveying. These works have been extensively used in the Colleges throughout the U. S, Inquiry Respecting Contingent Volition, 12mo. Exami- nation of Edwards on the Will, 12mo. Day, Rev. John, 1566-1627, son of John Day, the famous English printer. Twelve Serms., 1615, 4to. Con- eiones ad Clernm, Oxf., 1612, '15. Day's Dyall; 12 Lec- tures, 1614. Comm. on the first 8 Psalms of David, 1620, 4to. Day, John, of Caius College, Cambridge. The Isle of Guls, Lon., 1606, 4to; 1633. Travels of the three bro- thers Shirley, 1607, 4to. Law Nicks, 1608, 4to. Humour out of Breath; a Comedy, 1608, 4to. The Parliament of Bees, 1640, 4to. The Blind Beggar nf Bedual Green, 1659, 4to. Vindication of John Day, 1646, 4to. '■•A flourishing poet and comedian of his time." — WooD. Sea BioL'. I)rani:it. Day, Joseph. Exam, of Attornics, kc, Lon., 1795, 4to. Day, llev. Lionel, son of John Day, the famous Eng- lish printer. Concio ad Clerum, Oxon., 1632, fol. Day, Martha, 1813-1833. was a daughter of President Day of Tale College. She attained great proficiency in mathematics and the languages, and wrote poetry of un- common merit. A collection of her Literary Remains, with Memorinls of her Life and Character, was pub. at New Ha- ven by Prof. Kingsley. " Her poems were buds of promise, which justified the anticipsr tions that were entertained of her eminence in literature." — Uris- wold's Fenwle /lif/.t of America. Day, Martin, " that learned and judicious divine.** 22 Serms., Lon., 1632, 4to. Some of his serms. are in the collection entitled The House of Mourning, 1660, fol. Day, Matthew. Excerptain sexprioreslibros Homeri Iliiidns, Lon., 16.i2, 12mo. Day, Rev. Riehard, son of John Day, the famou* English printer, was also a printer as well as a clergyman. He wrote some verses, Contra Papistos Incendiaros, in Fox's Martyrology, 1676 ; and trans. Fox's De Christo tri- umphante Coni^'edia, to which he wrote a preface and two dedications. The father of the three clergymen just no- ticed — John Day — contributed essentially to the promotion of the English Refurmation by his editions of the Bible, Fox's Martyrs, Ascham's and other works. " As a printer, Kichard Day justly merits the honour of attempt- ing a tieneral reform in the distinct use of the letters j' and i, v, and u. whii-h he observed in P. Baro's Treatises. De Fide. Ac." Day, Richard. Petition to Parliament, 1652. 4to. Day, Hon. Robert. Free Thoughts, in Defence of a Future State, Lon.. 1700, Svo. Day, Robert. Serm., 1779, Svo. Day, Sanniel Phillips, formerly a monk of the or- der of the Presentation. Monastic Institutions; their ori- gin, progress, nature, and tendency, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo; 2a cd., 1846. Life in a Convent, 1848, 12mo. Day, Thomas, 1748-1789. a philanthropist, poet, and political writer. The Dying Negro. 1773; in conjunction with Mr. Bicknell; intended to promote the abolition of slavery. The Devoted Legions; a Poem against the war with America, 1776. The Desolation of America; a Poem, 1777. Letters of Marius, 1784, Svo. Reflections on the Present State of England and the Independence of Ame- rica, 1782, Svo. "From the inflexible spirit of the Americans, and their detei^ mined resolution to be free, Mr. Pay pives it as his opinion that America ouixht to be declared independent. He conceives that great advantaj^es will result from this measure, and his reasonin;;s are solid and well supported. He afBrms that Knjrland ought to yield with magnanimity what she cannot withhold by arms." — Lon. Mimthlr/ JCfvuv.: History of Sandford and Merton, 1783-89, 3 vols. 12mo. This is a deservedly popular work. It was trans, into French by M. Berquin. History of Little Jack. Other publications. See Account of his Life and Writings by James Kcir, Lon., 1791, Svo. "The pool of mercenary and time-serving ethics was first blown over by the fre.sh country breeze of Mr. Day's Sandford and Mer- ton, a production that I well remember, and shall ever be grateful for. ... It assisted the cheerfulness I inherited from my father; showed me that circumstances were not a check to a healthy gayely, or the most masculine self-respect ; and helped to supply me with a resolution of standing by a principle, not nu-rely as a point of lowly or lofty sacrifice, but as a matter of common sense and duty, and a simple co-operation with the elements of natural warfare." — L£IGH UUKT. DAY DEC Day, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1772, '85. Day, Hon. Thomas, 1777-1855, a native of Con- necticut. Reports of Cases, Ac. Supreme Court of Errors of Conn. 1814 to '28 inc., 6 vols. 8vo. A Digest of Re- ported Cases of Sup. Court of Errors of Conn, from 17S6 to 1829. Svo. His vols, of Reports amount to 26, besides Digests to most of the series. He also edited several Eng- lish law-works, in all about 40 vols. Day, Valentine. Serm., Lon., 1818, Svo. Day, Wm. 1. Isaiah. 2. Romans, 1654, '6fi. Day, Wni. Man's Dcstructiou, Lon., 1713, 12mo. Day, Wm. The Shepherd's Boy : Pastoral Tales, 1S04. Day, Wni. Slavery in America Shown to be Peculiarly Abominable, Lon., 1841, Svo. Punctuation Reduced to a System: 6th ed., 1853, ISmo. " Mr. Day has laboured with success; and hia little book should be read attentivelv." — T}ie Critic. Daye, Eliza. Poems, 179S, Svo. Daye, James. Serms.. 1752, 4to. Daycs, Etiward. Works. Lon., 1805, 4to. Contains an excursion through Derbyshire and Yorkshire, with notes by E. W. Braylcy; essays on painting; instructions for drawing and colouring, and professional sketches of modern artists. Dayrell, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1759, 4to. Deacon,Aug. Elementsof Perspec. Drawing,lS41,Svo. *' A well-reasoned and dearly-written pamphlet." — Lcn. Exam. Deacon, D. D., Jr. Poem.s Chesterf, 1790, 4to. Deacon, E. E. Game Laws, Lon., 1831, Svo. L. and P. of Bankruptcy, 2d ed.. 1846, 2 vols. Svo. Crim. Law. 1836, 2 vols. Svo. Coses in Bankruptcy, 1837-41, 4 vols, r. Svo. Guide to Magis., 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. Deacon, E. E., and Chitty, Ed., Rejiorls in Bankruptcy, 1S33-37, 4 vols. Deacon, H. Treat, on the V. Disease, 1789, Svo. Deacon, John. Godlie Serm., Lon., 1586, Svo. Deacon, John. Tobacco tortured in the filthy Fumes of Tobacco refined, Lon., 1616, 4to. Treatise of the Flux, 1657, 12mo. Deacon, John. Theolog. treatises. Discourses of Spirits and Devils, by John Duncan and John Walker, 1601, 4to. Deacon, John. Charge and Sermon, 1786, Svo. Deacon, John. Hymns and Psalms, ISOl, ISmo. Deacon, Thomasi Theolog. publications, Lon., 1734-48. Deacon, W.F. Annette; a Tale; with a memoir of the author by Hon. Sir T. N. Talfourd, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. "It has enouphinit of life and interest to keep it for some years to cnme in request.'* — Lon. Eramini'r. Deacon, Wm. Justification by Faith, 1794, 4to. Deacon, Wm. Stage Waggons, do., 1S07. Deakin, Richard, M.D. Florigraphia Britannica, Lon.. 1S37-41. 4 vols. Svo. Dcaltry, R. B. Serm., 1782, 4to. Dealtry, Robt. Monody; Elegy, 1809, 4to. Dcaltry, Wm., 1775-1847, Archdeacon of Surrey. Fluxions, 1810, Svo; 1816. See Quart. Rev. Serms., Ac, 1810-46. Dean, Amos, b. 1S0.3. Lectures on Phrenology, Svo, pp. 252, 1835. Philosophy of Human Life, Svo, pp. 300, 1839. Manual of Law, Albany, 1S38. Svo. Principles of Medical Jurisprudence, Albany, 1850, pp. 664, Svo. " The design appears to hare been well executed.'— ^uitr. Law Journal. " \Vhatever may be deficient in the work of Dr. Beck, will be found amply supplied in the one of which the title is placed at the head of this article." — U. S. Lav> Mag. See also Western Law Journal and The Law Reporter. Dean, G. A. Construction of Farm Buildings and Labourers' Cottages, Lon., 1S50, r. Svo. " This work is on an extensive and improved scale, and its merit is very considerable."— Z>'ynaWsow's Agricult. Btng. Dean, John. Legerdemain, Lon., 1622, 12mo. Dean, John. His Sufl'erings, Ac, Lou., 1711, Svo. Falsification of the above by Chris. Longman, N. Miller, and G. White. 1711, Svo. Dean, John. Account of Ship Sussex, 1740, Svo. Dean, Rev. Rd. Future Life of Brutes, 1768, 2 vols. Dean, S. Swedenborg's writings, 1802. Serms., 1795. Deane, Edmond, b. 1572. Spadacrene Anglica, or the English Spa-Fontaine, Lon., 1626, 4to. " A learned and ingenious treatise." — Bishop Nicolson Admiranda Cliymica, Frankf., 1630, Svo. On Harrow- gate Water, York, 1654, Svo. Deane, Henry. Letter to Bp. of Salisb., 1S45, Svo. Deane, Rev. J. Serpent-Worship, Lon., 1832, 4to. Deane, John. Letter from Moscow, Lon., 1699, fol. Deane, Richard. Baptism. Lon., 1693, 12mo. Deane, Saml., D.D., minister of Portland, Maine, d. 1814, aged about 73. New England Farmer, or Georgical Diet., 2d ed., 1797, Svo. Serms., 1794, '95. Deane, Silas, d. 1789, minister of the U. States to Fr.ance. Address to the Independent Citizens of the U. States. Letters to Hon. Robt. Morris. New London, 17S4, sm.4to; Lon., Svo. Deane's vindication from alleged mis- management of the public funds will be found here. The New London ed. contains matter not in the London ed. Deane's intercepted Letters to his brother and others were pub. in 1782. He died in great poverty at Deal in Eng- land. See Warren's Amer. Rev. : Marshjill : Gordon. Dearborn, Gen. Henry Alexander Scammell, 178.3-1S51. b. .It Exeter. N.ll.. sun uf Gen. Dearborn, of the American Revolution. 1. Memoir on the Commerce of the Black Se.a, Boston, 1S19, 2 vols. Svo, and 1 vol. 4to of Maps. 2. Letters on the Internal Improvements and Commerce of the West, 1S39, Svo. 3. Biography of Com- modore Bainbridge. 4. Memoir of his Father. He left in MS. A Diary in 45 vols., a Memoir of his Father-in- law, Col. Wm. R. Lee, and a History of the Battle of Bunker's Hill. Deare, James. Trans, of Virgil's Georgics, 1808. Dearing, or Deering, Sir Edward, was first a re- publican, subsequently a zealous supporter of K. Cbas. I. Collection of Speeches in matters of Religion, Lon., 1642, 4to. Character of Maria, his late lady, 1601, Svo. Soma of his speeches. Ac. were pub. separately, 1641-44. Dearie, Ediv. Sure Guide for Youth, 1791, Svo. Dearn, T. D. W. Works on Architecture, 1807, '09, '11, '21. Hist. Topog., and Descrip. Account of the Weald of Kent, 1814, Svo. Dearsly, H. R. Drtiinage Act, 10 and 11 Vict., Lon.. 1847, 12ino. Law of Banks and Bankers, with Charter) *fec. of Ek. of Eng. Deas, Geo., and Jas. Anderson. Cases decided in Ct. of Session, Jury Ct,, and H. Ct. of Just., 1829-32, Edin., 1829-33, 5 vols. Svo. Deasc, Wm. Med. treatises, Dubl., and Lon., 1776-Sd. Dcason, T. Serm. on Death, 1799, Svo. Deason, Wm. See Deacon. Debary, Rev. Thos. Notes of a Residence in the Canary Islands, the South of Spain, and Algiers, Lon., 1851, 12nH.. Debdin, Waldron. Compendious Hist, of the Eng- lish Stage, ISOO. Debenham, Thos. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1751. Debords, Lewis. Serm.. 1723, Svo. De Bow, James D. B., was born in Charleston, S. C, 1820; graduated at Charleston Coll., 1S42; removed to New Orleans, 1845. Professor of Political Economy and Statistics in the University of Louisiana, 1847. Edited the Southern Quarterly Review, 1843^5. Originated De Bow's Monthly Review at New Orleans, 1846, which he still conducts. Author of Industrial Resources and Statistics of the Southern and Western States, 1853, 3 vols. Svo. Two ye.ars Superintendent of the United States Census at Wash- ington. Compiled 3 vols, of the Statistics, the quarto edi- tion, and the Compendium of the Census, 1854. Also the volume of Mortality, Statistics, Ac. Dcbraw, John. Sex of Bees, Lon., 1777. Svo. Debrett, John. New Foundling Hospital, Lon., 1784, 12mo. State Papers, 1791-1803; pub. in 11 vols. Svo. Par- liamentary Papers, 1797, 3 vols. Svo. New Baronetage of England, 1803, 2 vols. ISmo; new ed. by G. W. Collen, 1840, Svo. Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Lon., 1809, 2vols. 12mo; IBth ed., 1826; new ed. by G. W. Collen, 1849, r. Svo. Asylum for Fugitive Pieces in Prose and Verse, 4 vols. 12mo. Decan. Latin Syllables, Lon., 1784, Svo. De Charms, Richard, b. 1796, at Philadelphia, a Swedenborgian divine, has contributed to the literature of his Church, and edited several of its periodicals. He ia the author of The New Churchman Extra, Sermons, Lec- tures, &c. De Chemant, D. Artificial Teeth, 1798. Decker, Sir Matthew, an English merchant. Causes of the Decline of the Foreign Trade, Lon., 1 744, 4to ; Edin., 1766, 12mo. Considerations on High Duties, Lon., 1743, Svo. Fauquier ascribes the first tract to a Mr. Richardson, See McCuIloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. Sir M. D.'s Scheme for a Tax on Houses Laid open, 1757, Svo. Decker, P. Chinese Architecture, Lon., 1795, 4to. Decker, Dekkar, Derkar, or Dekker, Thomas, acquired some celebrity among the wits of the reign of James I. as a writer of plays and tracts upon the vices and customs of the age. He wrote plays in conjunction with Webster, Rowley, Ford, and Jonson. It chanced, how- DEC DEF ever, that "Rare Ben" quarrelled with him.and, it was sup- posed, wont so far as to ridieule him under the character of Crispinus in the "Poetaster." But Mr. Gilchrist has proved that Marston was intended by this personage. How- ever, Decker displayed Jonson to the amusement of the town, in his piece of Satiro-Mastii. or the Untrus?ing of the humourous Poet. Ben here figures as Horace Junior —he had asjiumed the name of Horace — and his allusions to Decker's ill-favoured Tisage are thus repaid: "You starine: Leviathan! look on the sweet Tis,H}^e of Horace: lonk. parboiled face: look — he has not his faco puncht fuUof eylet holes. like the cover of a warminir pan!" Jonson replied in an address to the Reader introduced in the 4to ed. of his play, styling Decker The UntrnsHer. Decker's plays amount to twenty-ei^ht, and his tracts to about five-and-twenty. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Drake's Shakspeare and his Times ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry ; Bibl. Anglo-Poet.: Collier's Hist, of Eng. Dramat. Poet His best-known plays are Fortunatus, or the Wishing Cap : and The Honest Whore; and his best-known tract is The Gull's Horn Book, of which a new ed. was pub. in 1S12, Bristol, 4to, edited by Dr. Nott. " His ' Gul's Home Booke, or fashions to please all sorts of Guls,' first printed in 1609. exhiliits a very curious, minute, and interest- ing picture of the manners and habits of the middle class of so- ciety, and on this account will be hereafter frequently referred to in these paces." — Drake's Sliaksp-^are oml fits Times. Sir Walter Scott draws largely from the Gull's Horn Book, in his description of London life, in The Fortunes of Nigel. Decker is supposed to have died about 16.'i9. De Clarovade, E. Watchman's Alarm, or the Bur- den of EuLrland. Ireland, and Scotland. Lon.. inifi, 4to. De Clifford, Lord, Letter to Electors, 1790. 8vo. De Coetlo^oD, Charles E., an English Calvinist divine of French descent, d. 1820. Sermons, &c., Lon., 1776-1818. "The matter of his discnurses was replete with ineenious illus- tration, sound argument, and pointed application." — Mid'Utlfm''s JCccl^SHlst iri tl Mf m oirs. De Coetlogon, Dennis, M.D. Profess, and other publications, Lon. 1739-46. Universal Diet, of Arts and Sciences. Lon.. 1745, 2 vols. fol. De Coignet, P. Befut. of Cotton's Letter for the Jesuits' killing of kings, Ifill. De Courcy, Richard, Vicar of St. Alkmond, d. 1803. Theolog. treatises, 1776-1810. "His sermons were in laniriiafre ditrnilied. in reasnninp perspi- cuous, embellished by apposite allusions, and ornamented with many of the ^traces of oratory." — Lnn. Gent. Mug. De Crespigny, Caroline. Visions of Great Men and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. Enchanted Rose, from Schultz, 1844, p. 8vo. My Souvenir,* or Poems and Trans- lations. 1844. 8vo. " She appt^ars to have resided lonpr abroad, and to have caught Bomethinir of the earnest and profound, yet mystical, feeling that pervades the poetry of Germany." — Britavnia. De Crespigny, Mrs, Champion. The Poor Sol- dier; inscribed to Mrs. C, Lon., 1780. 4(o. Letters of Advice, 180:i. 8vo. Monody on the Death of Lord C, 1810. Dedc, James, English Botanist's P. Companion, 1809. Dee, Arthur, son of the famous John Dee. was phy- sician to Charles I. Fasciculus Chymicus, Ac, 16;'.l,12mo. trans, into English by James Hnsolle, [i'. e. Elias Ashmole,] 1650. 12mo. See AsnMOi.K. Eltas. Dee, John, 1527-1608, was one of the most remark- able characters of a remarkable acre. His genius was of so comprehensive a description, that he could alternately devote his attention to the speculations of philosophy, the lessons of divinity, the problems of mathematics, the ex- periments of chemistry, the mysteries of astrology, and the incantations of magic. When only 15. he was, he tells us, "meetly well furnished with understanding of the Latin tongue," and entering St. John's College, Cambridge, '* I was so vehemently bent to study, that for these years [1543-45] I did inviolably keep this order: only to sleep four hours every night; to allow to meat and drink, and some refreshments after, two hours every day: and of the other eighteen hours, all, except the time of going to, and being at. the divine service, was spent in my studies and learning." In 1547 he visited Flanders, and on his return was made Fellow of Trinity College. His devotion to astronomy drew upon him the suspicion of being a reader of the st^rs, and he found it expedient to return to the University of Louvain, where he became highly distinguished. He sub- sequently visited Paris, and delivered lectures upon Eu- clid, which gave so much satisfaction that he was invited to accept the mathematical professorship of the University, In 1551 he returned to England, where he was warmly received; but soon fell into trouble, being suspected of favouring the cause of the Princess Elizabeth and prac- tising against Queen Mary's life by enchantments. Unable to convict him of this crime, or of heresy, his prosecutors set him at liberty, and in a few months afterwards (Jan. 15. 1556) he evinced his zeal for learning by presenting a supplication to Queen Mary for the recovery and preserva- tion of ancient writers and monuments. Upon the acces- sion of Elizabeth he would certainly have received sub- stantial marks of her regard — for she treated him with great respect at different times during her reign — but the public insisted that he was too intimate with the great enemy ; and even went so far as to break into his house dur- ing his absence from the kingdom, and destroy his mathe- matical instruments and many of his books. As the people would have it that he was a magician, Dee seems now to have imbibed the same opinion, and forming a copartner- ship with Edward Kelley and the Count Laski. a Polish n ful piece of irony, the author ^rravely pmpnsecl. as the easiest and speediest way of riddint; the land nf l)issent<'rs. to hang their ministers and banish the people. Hut huth Church- men and Disseuteiti viewed the whole in a serious li;iht ; and while many of the former applauded the authfir as a staunch and worthy Churchman, as many of the latter, filled with apprehensions dire, began to prepare for Tyhurn and f^niithfield."' The High Church party, however, were not disposed to tolerate irony; the House of Commons dix-Iarcd the book a libel, and ordered it to be burnt by the hands of the common hangman ; and the zealous polemic was invited to assume a prominent position in the pillory. Pope thus refers to this unpalatable exaltation : " Earless on hi[j;h stood unabashed Be Foe." — Diivdad. The sufferer himself displayed his equanimity by indit- ing a hymn to the pillory, which he describes aa " A hieroi^lyphic state-machine Condemned to punish fancy in." Whilst imprisoned in Newgate, where he was confined for two years, he pub. a periodical paper called The Re- Tiew. In 1706 he again entered the p(ditieal field by his Essay at removing Prejudices against an Union with Scot- land, and in 1709 pub. his celebrated History of the Union. The last of his political tracts was An Appeal to Honour and Justice, intended a? a hint to the House of Hanover of the obligations due to the neglected writer. A proper reward for his services would have been very acceptable to tlie author, for he seldom prospered in trade, and often knew the bitterness of pecuniary embarrassment. Among his best-known works, which amount in number to at least 210 — Wilson thinks some have escaped him, and see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., Watt's Bibl., and Biog. Brit. — are the following: Robinson Crusoe, (first pub. in 1719;) A New Voyage round the World ; The Life of Captain Sin- gleton ; The Adventures of Roxana ; the Hist, of Duncan Campbell; The Life uf Moll Flanders: The Life of Colo- nel Jack: The I^Iemoirs of a Cavalier during the Civil Wars in England ; Religious Courtship ; A Journal of the Plague in 1665 ; The Political Hist, of the Devil and A System of Magic; A Relation of the Apparition of one Mrs. Veal ; A Tour through England and Scotland ; An Essay on the Treaty of Commerce with France ; A Plan of the English Commerce; Giving Alms no Charity. Of the last two works an eminent authority remarks : "The Plan of the Ent^lish Commerce is full of information ; and, thoujrh desultory, is ably written, and contains sundry p-issapes in which the iuliuence of trade and industry in promoting the well-beinj; of the labouring classes and the public wealth is set in the most striking point of view. . . . Giving .ilms no Charity is written with considerable cleverness. . . . But thesi' arguments are not so conclusive as some have supposed. . . . The truth is. that in matters of this sort De Foe was quite as prejudiced and purblind as the bulk of those around him. He had not read, or if he had read, he had plainly, at all events, profited nothing by, the conclusive reasonings in the Tract on the East Tndia Trade, previously referred to. See p. 100." — McCtiWtch''!iLit.of PnUt. Ecmi. Another authority entitled to great respect, remarks: *' As a commercial writer, De Foe is fairly entitled to stand in the foremost rank among his contemporaries, whatever may be their performances or their fame. . . . His distinguishing charac- teristics are originality and depth. He has many sentiments with regard to traffick. which are scattered through his Keviews. and which I never read in any other book.'" — George Oialmers's Life of Dc Foe. Urn. 1790, 8vo. An ed. of the novels of De Foe was pnb. in Edinburgh in ISin, 12 vols. 8to. Works, with Mem^.ir of his Life and Writings by W. Hazlitt, Lon. 1840-4.3, 3 vols. Svo. Mis- cellaneous Works, with Memoir. Literary Prefaces, Illus- trative Notes. Ac. by Sir Walter Scott and others, (Tal- boy's ed.,) O-xford, 1840-41, 20 vols. 12mo. This ed. is now very scarce. It was pub. at £5. The reader must not fail to procure that interesting work. The Life and Times of Daniel De Foe, with Review of his Writings and Opinions on Important Matters, by Walter Wilson, Lon. 1S30, 3 vols. Svo. '• I have given your volumes a careful perusal, and they have taken their degree of classical books on my shelveg. De Foe was always my darling: but what darkness was I in as to far the larger part of his writings! I have now an epitome of them all." — C.Lamb. Before quoting some testimonies to De Foe's general merits as an author, and notices of particular works, it will he only proper to cite some opinions upon that delightful romance — among the first and last of our literary luxuries — Robinson Crusoe. '• De Foe has been charcred with surreptitiously appropriating the papers of Alexander Selkirk to the formation of his celebrated work; but the charge, thouizh repeatedly and confidently brought, appears to be destitute of foundation." — Park. Howell's Life and Adventures of Selkirk must not be neglected by the reader. " .\s this is the latest, so it is the most authentic, account of Selkirk, and embraces a variety of particulars relating to his per- sonal history, never before communicated to the public. It is an elegant little volume, and will be read with interest by every ad- mirer of Robinson Crusoe." — Wilsnns Mvmoir of Daniti De the. Other accounts of Selkirk will be found in his own nar- ration, entitled Providence Displayed, printed from Capt. Woodes Rogers's Cruising Voyage round the World, 1712. See Isaac James's publication of Providence Displayed, Lon., 1800, 12mo— in Capt. Edw. Cooke's Voyage, 1712, p. 34; in the Englishman, by Sir Rd. Steele, No. 26; and in Collet's Relics of Literature, 341-44. Robinson Crusoe first appeared in a periodical publico, tion entitled The Original London Post, or Heathcote's Intelligencer, Nos. 125 to 289 inclusive, in 1719. Its suc- cess was so great, that four edits, were pub., 3 in 2 vols. Svo, and an abridgt. in 12mo. in the same year. In 1720, Svo, appeared Serious Reflections during the Life and Ad- ventures of Robinson Crusoe : with his Vision of the An- gelic World. This was intended as a third vol. to Robin- son Crusoe, but was not so well received. Of the many eds. of Crusoe, we may especially notice Tyas's illustrated one. pub. in about 40 Nos., with engravings from designs ! by Granville, and an ed. of 1S20, 2 vols. 8vo, with engrav- ' ings by Charles Heath, from designs by Mr. Stothard, I " If ever the late Mr. Stothard entered more warmly upon any one of his labours than another, these illustrations to Koldnson Crusoe have that honour; composed at a time when he was in ' fullest possession of his powers, there is a charm about them i which no other book illustrations possess. They are as unique in ! their way as the book they adorn." I " Robinson Crusoe must be allowed, by the most rigid moralist.*!, ! to be one of those novels which one may read, not only with plea- \ sure, but also with profit. It breathes throughout a spirit of I piety and benevolence: it sets in a very striking light the im- i portance of the mechanic arts, which they who know not what it 1 is to be without them are apt to undervalue. It fixes in the mind a lively idea of the horrors of solitude, and, consequently, of the I sweets of social life, and of the lilessings we derive from conversa- tion and mutual aid; and it shows how by labouring with one's own hands, one may secure independence, and open for one's self many sources of health and amusement, I agree, therefore, with Rousseau, that this is one of the best books that can be put into the hands of children.'" — Dr. BealUe's Mural and Critical Dmer- tatifms. We quote from Rousseau's opinion, referred to by Dr. Beat tie : '* As we must have hooks, there is one already written, which, in my opinion, affords a complete treatise on natural education. This book shall be the first P^milius shall read; in this, indeed, will, for a long time, consist his whole library, and it will always hold a distinguished place among others. It will afford us the text to which all our conversations on the objects of natural science will serve only as a comment. It will serve us as our guide during our progress to a slate of reason; and will ever afterwards give us constant pleasure, unless our taste be wholly vitiated. '■ You ask impatiently, Wbat is the titleof this wonderful book? Is it Aristotle. Pliny, or Buffon? No; it is Rodinson Crusoe."— Em ilius and S'"phia'. or a New Si/stem of Education, ii. 59-63, Eng- Dsh trans. 1767, I2mo. '■"Was there ever any thing written by mere man, that the reader wished longer, except Robinson Crusoe, Don Quixote, and the Pilgrinrs Progress?"— Dr. Paml. Johnson. " How happy that this, the most moral of romances, is not only the most charming of books, but also the most instructive."— Chalmfrs. " Robinson Crusoe is delightful to all ranks and classes. It is capital kitchen reading, and e«(ually worthy from its deep interest, to find a place in the libraries of the wealthiest and the most learned."' — Charles Lamb. '• Perhaps there exists no work, either of instruction or enter- tainment, in the English language, which has been more gene- rally read, and more univerally admired, than the Life and -Ad- ventures of Robinson Crusoe. It is difficult to say in what the charm consists, by which persons of all classes and denominations are thus fascinated; yet the majority of readers will recollect it as among the first works that awakened and interested their youth- ful attention : and feel, even in advanced life- and in the maturity of their understandinir, that there are still associated with Robin- son Crusoe, the sentiments peculiar to that period, when all is new. all glittering in prospect, and when those vis^ious are most bright, which the experience of after life tends only to darken and destroy." — Sm Walter Scott. We shall now quote some opinions of a few of our au- thor's other works, and of his peculiar excellencies as an author : " De Foe was employed by Queen Anne on a .special mission to Scotland respecting the Union. His work is the most authentic on the subject." — Chalmers. "His History of the Union is sufficient to place the author among the soundest historians of the day." — T. F. DinniN, " De Foe visited Scotland about the time of the Union, and it is evident that the anecdotes concerning this unhappy period, must have been peculiarly interesting to a man of his liveliness of imar pination. who excelled all others in dramatizing a story, and pre- senting it in actual speech and action liefure the reader." — Lon, Qiiiir. Frv. xxiv. Sr-l. "it will be in vain to contend for any thing like the same merit DEF DEL (asin Crusne) in MC. Fland^. Captain S,„5,eton._Cc,ond Jack ! of;:-i, above most other men, of infunn/j itito his }>erfurmane'S all the gmtiine pjtfios (tf nature, with'nif th'' /ca.^t appirent ejforl or exaggeration." — M'ilson. Sir Walter Scott thus defines the pathos which affects us 80 sensibly in the writings of De Foe: '■ Pathos is not De Foe's general characteristic ; he h.ad too little delicacy of mind. When it comes, it comes uncalled, and is cre- ated by the circumstances, not sought for by the author. The ex- cess, for instance, of the natural longing fir human society which Crusoe manifests while on board of the stranded Spanish ves,';el, by falling into a sort of agony, as he repeated the words, * Oh that hut one man bad been saved! oh that there had been but one!' is in the highest degree pathetic. The agonizing refiections of the solitarv, when he is in danger of being driven to sea. in his rash attempt to circumnavigate his island, are also affecting.'' '■ He must be acknowledged as one of the ablest, as he was one of the most captivating, writers of which this isle can boast." — Ch.^lmers, In an estimate of the writings of De Foe, tho strongly- marked moral and religious tendency of his compositions must by no means be forgotten. Tho eminent authority just quoted, who, as his biographer, carefully investigated the incidents of a troubled life extending to the threescore and ten years allotted to man, declares as the result of his investigations that " The events of his life prove him entitled to the praise of inte- grity, sincerity, and unvaried consistency." — SiK Walter Scott. Anotlier biographer remarks that his review of the life and writings of De Foe had satisfied him that "Religion was uppermost in his mind; that he reaped its con- solations, and lived under a habitual sense of its practical import- ance." — WlLS'lN. "I am a stoick," says he, "in whatever may be the event of things. I'll do and sav what I think is a debt to justice and truth, without the least regard to clamour and reproach: and, as I am rr€W, iii. 354. 1S21. , t ,. p ^ De Forest, J. W. 1. History of the Indians of Con- necticut from the Earliest Known Period to 1850, Hartford, 8vo. 2. Oriental Acquaint.ance : in a series of letters from Asia Minor, N. York, 185fi, 12mo. 3. European Acquaint- ance- being Sketches ofPeople in Europe, N.Y.,lS5S,12mo. Uegg, Simon. A Skeleton, Ac, Phil. Trans., 1727. Desse,Sir Simon. The P.arson'8 Counsellor, and Law of Tithes, Lon., 1G76, Svo ; 7th ed., by C.Ellis, 1S20, Syo. •■ A text-book which Richards referred to, as he had always un- stood it to be a book of some value as an authority."— J/un)m'8 Lenal BM. "Ucgols, Gerard. Serms., &c., 1711-26. Degravere, J. Thesaurus Remediorum, Lon., 1662. Dt'liany, \\m. K. Turnpike Acts, Lon., 1S23, 12mo. Uc Hart, W. C. Military Law, N. York, 1S46, Svo. Uehou, Theodore, D.D., 1776-1S17, a nalive of Boston, graduated at Harvard College, 1795; Keetor of Trinity Church, Newport, R. L, 179S; of St. Michael's, Charleston, S. C, 1809 ; Bishop of S. Carolina, 1812. '• lie was respected as a man of talents, and beloved for his amiable .lualities and many virtues."- vl«n. Christian Observer. " His sermons are useful, interesting, and eloquent."— Z>aj-Ii«p s Deighan, Paul. Arithmetic and Key, Dubl., 1809. Deios, Lawrence. Serms. against Antichrist, Lon., 1509, Svu. Dekar, H. Predestination. 2d ed., 1779, Svo. De Kay, James E. Sketches of Turkey in 1831, '32, New York, 8vo. Natural History of New York; Zoology, vols. 1-5. This work is in I5vol5. 4to, pub. in Albany, 1842-49. The introduction is by Hon. Wm. H. Seward, late Governor of N. Y'ork. See Rich's Bibliotheca Americana Nova; Roorbach's Bibliotheca Americana. Dekker, Thomas. Sec Deckkr. De La Bechc, Sir Henry Thomas, 17M-185.'), a native of London, entered the Royal Military College in 1810, and became a member of the Gcol. Soc. in 1817. He was knighted in 1848. Trans, of a Select, of the Geolog. Memoirs in the Aiinales des Mines, with Notes, Lon., 1824, Svo, and 1836. Geolog. Notes, 1830, Svo. Sections and Views illus. of Geolog. Phenomena, 1830, 4to. Geolog. Manual, 1832, Svo. How to Observe, Geology, 1835, sm. Svo, and 2d ed. " It is a truly Baconian volume; a sort of Ifomm Organm of Geologv." Reiiort on tho Geology of Cornwall, Devon, and. Somer- set, 1839, Svo. The Geological Obsemr, with upwards utterly unconcerned at human opinion, the people that throw " ' ' .„., „ " gd ed , 1853. away their breath so freely in censuring me may consider of some of 300 wood-cuts, IS51, "J"' j'^ "="'' Jf ,i ,^ hibours of Luir imnrovement to make of their passions than to waste them " No one could be found so capable of duecting ine laoours oi on" man'thatT both above and below' the reach of thein. I know the young geologist, or to aid IjJ his ow^ experience the su^ too much of the world to expect good in it, and have learnt to value dies of those who may not have been able to range .so ixnnsiveiy ittooUttleto*^Lconcom^S^ 1 have gone through a life , over the earths smli.ce. We strongly recommend b.r Uenrj De DEL DEL la Beche's book to those -who desire to know what has been done, and to learn somethint^ of the wide exauiination which yet lies waitini; for the industrious olisfrver." — Lnn. AthmKEum . De La Cour or Delacour, James, an Irish poet, 1709-1781. was en the Life and AVritings of that distinguished author. The Tribune, a Periodical Pa- per, continued through 20 Nos., commencing in 1729. Re- velation Examined with Candour, 1732-63, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed. of the 2 vols., 1735; 4th ed., 1745, anon. " In this work Br. Delany discovers a very considerable portion oflearning. research, and acuteness. It contains many tbiii'Ts not to be found in the ordinary class of comment.itors; some things that are fanciful; and some thinjrs not in unison with geuerally received opinions.'' — Orine's Bthl. Bib. *'lt is a work of uncommon merit, and too little known. It com- prises a number of Dissertations on the most important facts and histories in the sacred writin;;s; and especially those which have been cavilled at by Deists and freethinkers of every description. In every case he is master of his subject; and in every instance his pretended Anakim opponents die grasshoppers in his hands." — Dr. Adam Clakke. *' An able defence of Natural and Kevealed Religion against Atheists and Deists." — Bickersteth. Reflections upon Polygamy, 1733. Hist. Account of the Life and Reign of David, King of Israel, 1740-42, 3 vols.; 1745, *5S, '69, anon. "A very interestinji and elegant work. If it is drawn up with less sobriety of judi^ment and severity of criticism than the Life of David by Dr. Chandler, it displays much greater rehuement and delicacy of thou;:ht and manner." — Williams's Christinn Preacher. '• Unfortunately for its n-putation, a similar life of David bv Dr. Chandler provokes comparison; and every one who has read the two performances, will have no hesitation in preferring the work of Chandler to that of Delany. It is more valuable, both as a book of Scripture criticism, and of general information." — Ornie's Bibl. Bib. Bickersteth thus draws the comparison : "Chandler more critical and sober in judgment; Delany finer thoughts and more tnsti'. Chandler too much palliates David's crimes." — C'liristiiin S(it*h-nt. " A respectabl.-and ii^ifiil work, but greatly inferior to Dr. Chand- ler's masterly Critical llistory of the Life of David." — Onne's Bibl. Bib. Serms. upon Social Duties, 1744, 8vo; 1747, '50. "The Practical Duties of Relij:ion are enforced with jjreat Energy ; and an amiable J^pirit of Candour, Benevolence, and Piety breathes throughout all his Discourses." Delany pub. a number of sep.aratc sermons, «S:c. His last work was the following: Eighteen Discourses and Dis- sertations upon various very important and interesting Sub- jects, 1766, 8vo. See a notice of this volume — especially two dissertations at the end — in Orme's Bibl. Bib. "Delany was a man of ability and learning; dis^posed occasion- allv to use his &ncy. and to reason contidently on doubtful or dis- p\ited premises. There is also a great lack of evangelical sentiment ill his writings." — Ormk, ubi supra. Delap,Dr. J. The Royal Suppliants; aTrag.,Lon., 1731, 8vo. Tlic Captives; a Trag., 1786, 8vo. Elegies, 1788. '[){). Sedition; an Ode, 1702. DeLip, John, D.D. Serm., 1762, 4to. Do I^ara, O. E. Key to Portuguese, Lon., 1825, ISmo. Delaune, Henry, Legacy to his Sons, Lon., 1057, sm. 4to. " A misct-llany of precepts, theological, moral, political, oecono- mical. diirest.'d into seven centuries of ijuadrins." '■'I'licadniniiiii.ms ill this volume are estimable, the style nervous, and the versitication. in general, correct." — WttVs Bibl. Brit. Delaune, Thos. The Present State of London, &c., 1681, 12mo. Continued by a Careful Uand to 1690, 1690, 12mo. " Nor is De Lauu's pretended stjite of the city much different from what we have there [in Stow's Chronicle."] — Bishop Nicolson's Enf,. Hi.^i.. lib. l.i. Delaune, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1667-1728. In answer to Dr. Calamy's discourse Concerning a Scru- pulous Conscience, he wrote A Plea for the Nonconformists, 1684. 1704, 4to; preface by I>anicl De Foe. His opponents replied by putting him in the pillory, taking off his ears, fining and impris'ining him. He diele to afford the expenses of printing it" — ministers, it seems, would not have considered that he was lighting his tire " with myrrh and cassia and precious ointment." See Disr.^eli■s Calamities of Authors. "De Lolnie had the art of pleasing in conversation, though the graces did not appear in his manner or deportment. He had a turn for pleasantry and humour; and has been compared to Uurke for the variety of his allusions and the felicity of his illustrations." See Dr. Chas. Coote's Preface to the work on the Constitution, ed. 1607, 8vo. Deloney, Thomas. Declaration made by the Archbp. of CoUen upon the Deed of his Marriage, Lon., 1583, 12mo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. for other pieces. Delta. See Mom, D.iviD M.^cbeth. Delvin, George. Serm., Lon., 1795, 8vo. Demaii, E. V. Flax, its Cultivation and Manage- ment, 1851. "This e.ssay is not inferior to the many treatises on Flax." — DonuhUou's AgTiciiU. Biog. Deinarvllle. Y. L.adies' Geography, 1758, 2 vols. Demetrius, Charles. Newes from Gulick and Cleve, Lon., iei5, 4to. Democritus Secuiidus, a fictitious name. The Fellow Traveller, through Cily and Countrey; Book of Stories, Lon., 165S, 12mo. Demoivre, Abraham, 1667-1757, a native of Cham- pagne, spent most of his life in England, where he died in the above year. Miscellanea Analytica, Ac, Lon., 1730, 4to. Doctrine of Chances, or a Method of calculating the Probabilities of Events in Play, 1718. 4to; best ed., 1756, 4to. Annuities on Lives, 1724, '60, '52, 8vo. He contri- buted a number of papers to Phil. Trans, De Morgan, Augustus, b. Ibliii. in the island of Modma, coast id' Java: Prol. of Mathemat. in University College, Loudon. His lather was an officer in the British Army. Has pub. a number of valuable works on Algebra. Arithmetic, Trigonometry, Logic, Ac. In 1847 he gave to the world a volume exhibiting much research, entitled Arithmetical Books from the Invention of Printing to the Present Time. Every teacher and student of Mathematics —and of course every bibliographer— should possess this volume. See Knight's Eng. Cyc. Dempsey, G. Drysdale. 1. Papers on Railways, Lon., 1845, 4to. 2. Practical Railway Engineering; 4th ed., 1855, 4to. 3. Brick Bridges. Sewers, and Culverts, 1850, 4to. 4. Ex.amples of Iron Roofs, 1850, 41o. 5. Iron applied to Railway Structure. 1850, 4to. 6. Malleable Iron Bridges, 1850, 4to. 7. The Builder's Guide in Mate- rials and "construction; 2d ed., 1857, 4to. 8. Machinery • of the Nineteenth Century, 1852, Ac, 4to. 9. Railway . Stations. Engine-Houses, Ac, with folio plates. 1856. 10. Ten Bridges, with details, 1856, 4to. 11. Working-Draw- ings of Stations, Ac, 1856, 4to. Other works. Dempster, George, 1736-1818, a native of and M.P, for Dundee, Scotland. Discourse containing a Summary DEN of the Directors of the Society for Extending the Fisheries of Great Britain, 1789. Magnetic Mountains of Cannay, 8vo. Letters in Agricult, Mag. Papers and Speeches. Dempster, Thomas, 1579-1625, a native of Scot- laud, studied at Pemlir.jkc Hall, Cambridge, and at Paris, and became distinguished for his erudition. Ho was pro- fessor successively at Paris, Pisa, and Bologna, and died in the last-named city. He pub. several works, a list of •which wUl be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. His best-known production is Historia Ecclesiastica (icntis Scotorum, Bo- Bon., 1627, 4to. Reprinted for the Bann.atyne Club, 1829, 2 vols. 4to. This work is not at all to bo relied on. "Tho. Dempster, though he was no Jesuit, stands fair for the remaining part of his character tliat he 'was as well inclined to believe a"'lye a.s any man in his time;' and was as well quiilificd to put it into a pretty dress of poetry."— i'ls/mi) Nicolsim's .v™(. HM. Lib., 5S ; nncl the BisUop of St.Asuph's Uist. Account, p. 163. ie2 *' ITc sbaniefnlly published I know not how many fables."— BatIB. "IlewniM have wished that all learned men had been Scots. He for^'.il tilli-s nf books which were never published, to raise the elorv '"t bis native country, and has been guilty of several cheat- ing tricks, by which he has lost his credit among men of learning." — M. Baillet. See Mtickenzie's Lives; McCrie's Melville; Chambers s Scot. Biog. Dendy, Edw. Petition to Pari., Lon., 1654, fol. Dendy, Walter Cooper. Book of the Nursery, Lon., 12ino. Diseases of the Skin in Children, 8to. Dis- eases of the Scalp, 1849, r. 4to. Phenomena of Dreams and Illusions, 12mo. Philosophy of Mystery, 1841, 8vo. " It reminds in every page of the erudite Burton, whose Anatomy of Melancholy drives aw.Ty the vapours from the most confirmed hypochondriac."— Z)r. Jnlnism's Journal. Varieties of Pock delineated and described, 1853, p. 8vo. Discourse (ui the Birth and Pilgrimage of Thought, 1853, square. The Beautiful Islets of Britaine. 1857, p. 8vo. Dene, Will«mus de. Historia Roflfcnsis, 1314-50, successione Episcoporum et priorum, &c. Vide Wharton Anglia Sacra, i. 327. Denhani. Miners' Charters, Lon., 1657, 4to. Dt'iihtim, Captain. See (iuLLV, Robert. Di'uliam, Dixon, Col., R.N., and Governorof Sierra Leone, au enterprising tr.avellor, 1786-1828. Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africli, 1822-24, by Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney, Lon., 1826, 4to; 2d ed., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. He who desires to become acquainted with Africa and the Africans must not neglect this invaluable work. See Clappemo.v, Hogh; Lander, RicnAim. , , , ,„., , Denham, Rev. J.F. Marriage with a deceased \V ile s Sister defended, Lon., 1847, 8vo. Spelling and Reading Book ; 3d ed.. Parts 1 to 3, 1848, 12mo. Other works. Denham, Sir James Stenart. See Steuart. Denham, Sir John, 161.5-1668, a native of Dublin, was the only s<.n of Sir ,Iohn Dciibiim. Baron of the Ex- chequer, in 1631 he was entered (.f Trin. Coll., Oxford. " But being looked upon as a slow and dreaming youug man by bis seniors and contemporaries, and giving more to cards and dice than his study, thev could never then in the least imagine that be could ever enrich the world with his liincy, or issue of his braiu, as he afterwards did." — Wood. This habit of gaming clung to him in after life, to his great loss and disgrace. He was made Governor of Farn- ham Castle by Charles I. ; his fortunes were depressed dur- ing the Commonwealth, revived in the Restoration. In 1641 he pub. his Tragedy of the Sophy, which elicited the enthusiastic commendation of Waller, who remarks of the author, that " He broke out like the Irish Rebellion, threescore thousand strong, when nobody was aware, or in the least suspected it." In 1643 appeared his poem of Cooper's Hill, which esta- blished his reputation as an author. He wrote a number of other pieces — The Destruction of Troy, Cato Major, Ae. — translated portions of Virgil, and imitated Tally. The 6th ed. of his collected works, entitled Poems and Translations, with the Sophy, a Tragedy, was pub. in 1719, 12mo. The reputation of Denham is not so high as it was formerly, but few poets have been more warmly commended by several rigid critics. The approbation of Waller, Prior, Dryden, Warton, and Johnson, is no slight guarantee of merit. " ' Cooper's Hill.' says Dryden, * for majesty of style, is. and ever will 1«, the stand.ard of good writings;' and Pope eulogizes it highly in his Windsor Forest. "Denham is deservedly considered as one of the fathers of Eng. lish poetry. Denham and Waller, according to Prior, improved onr versification, and Dryden perfected it."— i>r. Johnson's Lires of the EnriHsh rorts. Denham, John E. Serms., Lon., 1821, 8vo. Denham, Joseph. Serm., 1741, 8vo. Denham. N. Trans, of the Way of Lyfo, Ac, 1578, 4to, Denham, Mm. Serms., 1742, '43, '45. Denholm, James. History of Glasg., 1797, 12mo. Many ed,s. Tour to the Lakes, 1804, sm. Svo. Denio, Hiram, born 1799, at Rome, N. Y., a resident of Utic.a, N. Y., Judge of the Court of Appeals. Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court, and in tho Court for the Correction of Error of the State of New York, 1845-48, 5 vols. Revised Statutes of the State of N. Y., 4th ed., 1852, 2 vols., prepared by Hiram Denio and William Tracv. „„„ . Denison, Charles Wheeler, b. in Conn., 1809. Ame- rican Village and other poems. Contrib. to the Knicker- bocker and various other magazines and journals. Denison, Daniel, 1613-1682. Irenicon, or a Salve for New England's Sore. This is annexed to Hubbard s Fuul. Serm. « « ,. , ,n„„ Denison, Edward, D.D., Bishop of Salisbury, 1837, DEN DEN Perms., Charges, &c., 1836-44. Serms. before the Univ. of 0.\f., 1836, 8vo. " A volumeof sermnnsworthyof the perus.ilof all sound church- men." — Churcfi of Ertff. Quar. Kev. Denison, Edward B. Marriage with a Wife's Sis- ter, Lnn., 1851. 8vo. Bp. of E.\eter's Speech on the Mar- riage Bill. 3ci efl., 1851, p. Svo. Denison, George Anthony. Serm.. Lon., 1S50. 8vo. Denison, John, d. at Reading, 1628-29. Serms. and treatises. 1616-24. Denison, Mary Andrews, b. in Cambridge, Mass., 1826. Author of Home Tietures, N. York, 12mo. What Noty Phila., 12mo. Carrie Hamilton, Phila., 12mo. Gracie Amber, N.York, 12rao. Old Hepsy : a Tale of the South, Js. York, 18.')8, 12mo, Has eontriluifed extensively to many of the lending journals of the Union. Denison, Stephen. Serms., Lon., 1620-27. The White Wolfe, 1627, 4to. At p. 88 will be found a catalogue of 88 Sects and Heresies which sprang up in the primitive Church. John Hethorington was principally aimed at in this discourse. He was obliged to recant his "fanatical doctrines" before the king. "The book comprehends .a str.ange mixture of learning and ex- travagant reasoniofj;. and is altogether a siuyular curiosity." — B>'lr':;^s Anecdittiis of Scarce Books. Dennran, Jacob S., b. 1814, in Now Jersey. Stories for Children, 16mo. Compiler of a series of Heading Books, in 8 parts. Denman, Joseph, M.D. Buxton Water, 1793. Svo. Denman, Thomas, M.D., a native of Derbyshire, practised in the Royal Navy, and subsetiuently in London. He pub. several works upon obstetrics, «tc., the best-known of which is Iiitroduc. to Theory and Prac. of Midwifery, 6th ed., 1824, Svo. Denmark, Alex., M.D. Med. Chir. Tr.ans., ISl.S. Denne, Henry. Serms., )e like attemiitinjr to entrap the rays of the sun. Strange light helmed from that grief- worn face, and for a little while that weak body, so long fed upon by pain, seemed to be clothed with supernatural youth." Dequir, Fred. Terra Australis incognita, or a New Southern Discovcrie, 1617, 4to. Derante, P. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1722. Derby, Charles Stanley, Earl of, Lord of Man and the Isles. The Protestant Religion is a sure Founda- tion of a true Christian and a good Subject, a great Friend to human Society, and a grand Promoter of all Virtues, both Christian and moral, Lon., 4to, 1669, anon. ; 1671, with author's name. *■ llis ftther lost his head, and he his liberty, for Charles the Se^ cond. The grateful king rewarded the son with the lord-lieuten- ancies of two counties. " — WaJpnJe's Ji. <£• N. Authurs. Derby, Ferdiuando Stanley, 5th Earl of, was the author of a pastoral poem, communicated to the Antiqua- rian Repertory by Sir John Hawkins. It will be found in Park's Walpole's R. &, N. Authors. *'Oneof our early bards, and not an unpromising one." — Hor.ice Walpole. Derby, James Stanley, 7th Earl of, nephew of the preceding, beheaded 1651, was distinguished for his bravery in defence of Charles I. His widow, also, defended the Isle of Man against the republicans. Hist, and Antiq. of the Isle of Man. Pub. in Peek's Desiderata, vol. ii. 1732. Declaration, 1649, 4to. Message to Cbas. IL, 1649, 4to. Charge, 1661, 4to. Trial, 1651, 4to. Speech on the Scaf- fold. 1651, 4to. " Among the sufferers for King Charles the First, none cast greater lustre on the rause than this heroic lord." — Horace Walpole. Derby, John. Comment, on the four Evangel, and the Acts, with other thcolog. pieces, by Zachary Pearce, D.D., Lon., 1777, 2 vols. 4to. Serms. by Z. Pearce, D.D., 177S, 4 vols. Svo. Derby, Richard. Perm.. I7IS, Svo. Dereney, Thos., R.X. Naval Poems, 1S13, 4to. Derham, Robt. Independence in Ch. Gov't destruc- tive to English Law, Lon., 1646, 4to. Rights of Parlia- ment, 1647, Svo. Derham, Saml. Umington Waters, with directions for drinking the same, Oxf., 1685. Derham, VVm., 1657-1735, entered Trinity Coll., Oxf., 1675; Canon of Windsor, 1716. Physico-Theology, Lon., 1713, Svo; many edits., 179S, 2 vols. Svo. Astro-Theology, 1714, Svo; 3d ed., 1719. These works have been greatly commended, and trans, into several languages. Christo- Theology, 1730, Svo. Miscellanea Curioso; being travels, voyages,&c. delivered in to the Royal Society, 1720, '26, '27, 3 vols. Svo. See Rich's Amer. Bibl. Nova. This learned philosopher and divine pub. some other works, and many papers in Phil. Trans. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. " Few men have had more accurate and extensive acquaintance with nature, in its grandest and minutest fe.-itures, than Dr. Der- ham. He was equally at home when travelling among the stars, and when sojourning; among the insects that flit in the breeze. ... In all the operations of nature he delighted to trace the hand of nature's God." — Onnt's Bibl. Bib. '■What hath been communicated by our Ingenious Derham will nobly serve religion as well as philosophy." — CoTTON Maiheb. Deriug, Kdward. See Deeuing. DET Dering, Sir Edward, See Dearing. Derkar, Thomas. See Decker. Dermody, Thomas, 1775-1802, a native of Ennis, in IrelanVm., Garter Principal King of Arms. Antiquities of Funeral Ceremonies; of Epitaphs. Mottoes, and the Christian Keligion in England. See Hearne's Col- lections, 1771. Dethycke. Gardener's Labyrinthe, 1586, 4to, Deucliar, A. British Crests, Edin., 1817, Svo. Deusbery, >Vm. Theolog. treatises, 1654-55. Deuwes, Giles. lutroduc. to Frenche, Lon., 4to. Devarius, M. Graeoae Lingua; Particulis, 1718. De Veil, Charles 3Iaria,D.D., a learned converted Jew of ^letz, in Lorraine, joined the Ch. of Koine, then the Ch. of England, and tinally attached himself to the Bap- tists, among whom he preached until his death. Explicatio literalis Evang. sec. Matt, et Marcum, Lon., 1672, '78, 8vo; do. Cantici Canticorum, 1679 ; do. Minor Prnph., 16S0, Svo ; do. Ecclesiasticai, 1681; do. Auctorum Apostolorumj 1684. An English trans, of this last was pub. 1685, Svo. " All his expositnry works possess considerable value." — Orme^s Bill. Bib., q. V. lor particular notices. Deveil, Sir Thos. Life and Times, 1748. Svo. Devenish, Thos, The Duty of Love, and the Evil of Uncharitubleness, 1649, 4to. De Vere, Sir Aubrey. Song of Faith, Devout Ex- ercises, and Sonnets, Lon,, 1842. Dedication.— '•'•1^0 William Wordswortb, Esq.: M;/ dear sir— To know that you have pcrusfd many of the fullowirifi I'oems with pleasure, and did not hesitate to reward them with your praise, has been to me cause of unnun^ded happiness. In acceptint; the Dedi- cation of this Volume, you permit me to link mj' name — which I have hitherto done so little to illustrate — with yours, the noblest of modern literature. I may at least hope to be named hereafter as one among the friends of Wordsworth. As such, I trust you will ever regard your faithful AcBHEr De Vere. " Carra Chase, May 20. 1S42." Waldenses, 1842. The Search after Proserpine, and other Poems, 1843. Mary Tudor: a Drama, with Poems, 1847. English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds, 1848. Sketches of Greece and Turkey, 1850. De Vere, JVfaximilian Scheie, b. 1820, near Wexio, in Sweden; Member of the Oriental Society; a resident of the U.S. 1. Outlines of Comparative Philology, N. York, 12mo. 2. Grammar of the Spanish Language, N.V., 12mo. 3. Stray Leaves from the Book of Nature, N.Y., 1850, 12mo. Contrib. to Putnam's Monthly, South. Lit. Mess.. &.c. Devere!. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1720. Deverell, Mary. Serms., 1777. Svo. Miscellanies, 1781, 2 vols. 12mo. Heroic Poem, 1786, Svo. Queen of Scots; a Trag., 1792, Svo. Deverell, Robt. Antiquarian works, Lon., 1802/06. Discoveries in Hieroglyphics and other Antiquities, 1813, 6 vols. Svo. Withdrawn after the sale of a few copies only. Fever, 4 to. Devereux. Views on the Mediterranean, 1847, imp. fol. Devereux, Hon. Capt., R.N. Lives of the Earls of Essex, 1540-1646. Lon.. 1852, 2 vols. Svo. Devereux, J. E. Factions in Ireland. ISOS. Devereux, Robert, second Earl of Essex, 1567-1601, the unfortunate favourite of Queen Elizabeth, is classed by Horace Walpole among the Royal and Noble Authors of England. See a list of his writings in vol. ii. 76, Park's ed. Many of his letters will be found in Birch's Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, and in several collections of State Papers. The Verses written in his Trouble will be found in Ellis's Specimens; and the Earlo of Essex, his Buzze, a poetical complaint, is in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. Mr. Park is disposed to think that if Warton had read the Buzze, he would have set a higher estimation upon the Earl's claims as a poet: "A few of his sonnets are in the Ashmolean Museum, which have no marks of poetic penius; but he is a vifjorous and elegant writer of prose." — Wartoii's Hist, of Eng. Poetnj. Horace Walpolo considers his long letter to the Queen from Ireland, on the condition of that country, o*^) Slic also pub. beautiful edits, of the 5th satire of Horace, lib. i., and the jEneid of Virgil. Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of, 1757-1806, also distinguished for her beauty and accomplishments, wrot-e The Passage of Mount St. Gothard, a Poem, pub. together with an Italian trans, by Sig. Polidori, Lon.. 1802, fol. Another ed. in English and French by the Abbe de Lille, 1802, Svo. An edit, was also pub. at Rome, v. ante. Dew, Samuel. Serm., 1735, Svo. Dew, Thomas, late Pres. of the Coll. of William and Mary. A Digest of the Laws, Customs, Manners, and Insti- tutiuns of tlic Ancient and Modern Nations, N.Y.. 1853, Svo. "1 greatly prefer it to any history for the use of schools which I bavi* seen.'" — Prof. J. J. Owen, N. York Free Academy. DcAV, Thomas R., d. 1846, graduated at William and Mary Cidlege, and at the age of 23 occupied the chair of Moral Science in the same institution. 1. Lec- tures on the Restrictive System, Richmond, Svo. 2. Lectures on Ancient and Modern History; new ed., N. York, 1S53, Svo. 3. A volume on Slavery, in which ho advocates the views held by John C. Calhoun. Dewar, Daniel, D.D. Observations on the Irish, 1812, Svo. Discourses illus. of the Designs of Christ'y., 1S18, Svo. " The style is generally elegant, chaste, and classical." — Ij}n. Conqrig. Mag. The Church, 1S45, Svo. The Holy Spirit, His Personality and Divinity, Lon., 1847, Svo. "We earnestly commend the book to students of divinity." — Lon. Evangel. Mag. The Nature, ReaUty,and Efficacy of the Atonement,! 2mo. '* A candid, elaborate, and spirited defence of the truth as it is in Jesus." — Lon. Christian Instructor. Other works. Dcwar, Ed, H. German Protestantism, Oxf., 1S44. Dewar, Henry, M.D. Profess, treatises, Ac, 180.3-17. DeAveU, T., M.D. Philos. of Physic. 1784, Svo. Dewees, William Potts, M.D., 1768-1841, Prof, of Midwifery in the University of Pennsylvania. Inaugural Essavs ; 2 edits. Medical Essays, Phila., 1823. System of M'idwifery. 12th ed., 1854, Svo, pp. 600. *' It is founded on the French system of Obstetrics, especially on that of llaudelociiue. It takes a stand in advance of Dt^nham, Osborne, llurns, and other English authorities in peneial use in our country at that period, and even of Baudelocque himself, in throwing aside from his excellent system much that was useless, and. it may be said, imaginative." — Memoir by U. L. Hodge, M.D., in Amer. Mid. Jmirual. A Treatise on the Physical and Medical Treatment of Children, 1825; 10th ed., 1854. Svo, pp. 548. A Treatise on the Diseases of Females, 1826; 10th ed., lS54.Svo, pp. 532. On the Practice of Medicine, 18;:!0. "lie chose Baudeloc19, n^ed 45. Oxygen, 1797. Oration. 1808. Minerals in N. York; pub. ) in Mem. of A. A. S., vol. ii. I ^ De Witt, Simeon, of Ithaca, N. York, d. 1834, aged ' 79. On Engineering, Ac. De M'itti Susan, d. 1 824. The Pleasures of Religion ; a Pnem. •' It has been much read and admired."— .4ff^j! Amer. Biog. Diet. De Wolf, 1.. E. Constable's Guide, 1845, 12mo. De Wolf, Wm, P, Rose's Chemical Tables, 1850, r. Bvo. Dexter, Samuel, of Boston, 1761-1816. Secretary of War of tbe U. States. Speeches. Political Papers. Dey, R. Two Books over Lincoln; or a View of his Holy Table, Name, and Thing. Diaper, Wm. Dryades; a Poem, and a trans, from Oppian into English Verse, 1713, '22. Dilriben, Thomas. Serms., 1711. '12. Dibdin, Charles, 1745-1814, an actor and dramatist, is still better known liy his famous Sea-Songs, which amount to nearly 1200 in nutubor. A new ed., with a Memoir by T. Dibdin, illustrated byG. Cniikshank, was pub. in 1850, fp. 8vo. ** These Sonp^s have been the solace of sailors in long voyages, in storms, in battles; and they have Iieen quoted in mutinies to the restoration of order and discipline." — Ditxlin's tiff:. A list of 47 dramatic pieces, and a number of other pub- lications, will be found in Biog. Draraat. He pub. in 1795 a complete History of the English vStage. 5 vols. 8vo. This work is not much valued. See Collier, J. P. | Dibdin, Charles, Jr., d. 1833, son of the preceding, also pub. a number of songs and dramatic pieces. See Biog. Draniat. | Dibdin, Thomas, 1771-1841. brother of the pre- i ceding, was also a dramatic poet and song-writer. His first piece, The Mad Guardian, was pub. under the assumed name of T. Merchant. See a list of his pieces, 39 in num- ber, in the Biog. Dramat. He is said to have composed more than 1000 songs. In 1813 he pidj. The Metrical Hist, of England, 2 vols. Svo ; and in 1S28, 2 vols. 8vo, appeared his Reminiscences. " Dibdins Reroiniscenres will be found to contain a larger portion of curious history relatino; to the intrigues and cabals connected with the intern.tl manairement of our national theatres than any other work extant.' — Lon. M. Chronicle. 32 Dibdin, Thomas Frognall, D.D., 1775-1847, an eminent English bibliographer, was a nephew of Charles Dibdin, thenaval snng-writer, and asonof Captain Thomas Dibdin, celebrated by his brother as "Poor Tom Bowlinfr. the darling of our crew." The subject of our memoir, who was born at Calcutta, lost both of his parents when he was but ibur years of age, and being sent to England, was placed under the guardian- ship of his maternal uncle, Mr. William Compton. After passing through his preparatory studies at Reading, Stock- well, and Isleworth, he was matriculated at Oxford as a commoner of St. John's College. Selecting the profession of law. ho became a pupil of Mr. Basil Montagu of Lin- coln's Inn ; but having determined after mature reflection to enter the Church, he was in 1804 ordained by Dr. North, Bishop of Winchester. For biograpbieal details connected with Dr. Dibdin as a clergyman, we must refer the reader to his own Reminiscences, pub. in 1836, 2 vols. 8vo, and to the excellent obituary notice in the Gentleman's Magazine for Jan., 1848, to which sources we shall be indebted for some of the facts which it is our intention to record. Whilst at Oxford he wrote a number of essays, which were pub. in the European Magazine, and some poetical pieces, which were printed in a vol. in 1797, Svo. The author's estimate of these productions does not seem to have been very high : "I struck off 500 copies, and wns triad to get rid of half of them as waste paper; the remaininj; half have been partly destroyed by my own hands. . . . My only consolation is that the volume is now KXCEEDING1.V BARE." — Bibliomania, edit. 1S09. See Reminis- cences, 176. Whilst at Worcester he wrote some tales, one of which, La Belle Marianne, was privately printed in 1824. For a short time — the journal, indeed, was shr>rt-lived — Dibdin contributed to a weekly periodical entitled The Quiz, the articles connected with antiquity and art. While still en- gaged in legal pursuits, he pub., each on a large sheet, an analysis of Blackstone's Rights of Persons, and the Law of the Poor Rate. In 1S02 he edited a Ili.-t. of Cheltenham, and pub. the first edit, of his Introduction to the Greek and Latin Classics; in 1805 trans. Fenelun on the Educa- tion of Daughters ; and in 1807 contributed to the Weekly Director, of which he also edited the essays entitled Biblio- graphiana, and the British Gallery. In the same year he edited (under tbe assumed name of Reginald Wolfe) Quarlos's Judgment and Mercy lor Afllicted Souls, and in 18(18 superintended a new edit, of Sir Thomas More's Uto- pia. In 1S09 Dr. Ferriar addressed to Richard Heber. Esq., the princely book-collector, a poetical epistle entitled The Bibliomania. This suggested to Dr. Dibdin his amusing and instructive volume of the same name. The first edi- tion, printed in 1809, was a small octavo volume uf 87 pages. It was reprinted and appended t" the 3d edit., pub. in 1842, where it occupies but 64 pages. An enlarged edit, appeared in 1811, 8vo, with the addition of A Bibliographical Ro- mance to the title. It was favourably received, and paid the author a profit of £200. It was pub. at £1 7s.; 19 large-paper copies were struck off in 2 vols. imp. 8vo, at ten guineas each. This edit, was in such demand before the publication of the 3d, that small copies were sold for eight guineas, and large paper for 50 guineas. We quote some opinions upon the merits of this favourite volume: "It would be mere affectation to say that I have not derived much information from it. . . . Indeed your knowledge of biblio- graphy has excited my surprise." — Dr. Ferf.iar. " Your books are no dead letters— no mere dry transcripts: but while tht-y furnish beautiful ornaments, set tbe senses all in mo- tion; exhibit a happy fcilent of reassembling and new-combining your widt-sought and infinite materials. To lead the dance of ideas, to race over such an immeasurable field of literature, can only be given to one of the most elastic and vigorous powers.'"— Sir p. Eqertos Brtdoes. "I have not yet recovered from the delightful delirium into which your 'Bibliomania' has completely thrown me. . . . Tour book, to my taste, is one of the most extraordinarj' gratifications I have enjoyed for many years. You have glued me down to two hundred pages at a sitting, and I can repeat the pleasure with- out lopin? it." — Isaac nsKAELi. ''You have given us another 5Iori:e Encomium, seasoned with a salt which that work has not — with the united flavour of tjayety and good humour. Y^et I fear that j'ou. like many other doctors, will only make tbe disease worse.'' — Francis Douce. "The Bibliomania being once entered on, compelled me to he- come a 'borrower of the night for a dark hour or twain' to finish it. I can truly say that I was much amused and interested by it." — E. V. Utterson. "I have been revelling for the last two days in the delichts of your new edition of The Bibliomania." — Sir FRANas Freeung. " A thousand thanks, my dear sir, for your lively satire." — Walteb Scott. "To the extensive and amusing information contained in these works, [edits, of 1809 and ISU.] the larmier volume espe-Mallv, the limits of this notice are iniidequate to render justice. -Ml Mr. Dil>- 497 DIB din's puMic.itiAns are indispensably necessary to the >'iblio[rr.iphi- cal student. Happy may he deem himself who possesses a cofiy of this work." — Hi^rne's Introduc. lo Biblifigrajihy, p. 621. To these testimonies of the value of the Bibliomania could be addeil those of Earl Sjiencor, the Rt. Hon. Thus. Gix-n- villc. Sir M. M. Sylies, the Rev. Henry Drury, and others. Of illustrated copies, one belonging to Mr. Wm. Turner of Islington, was sold to Mr. Town of Kew York for 60 guineas, and the author remarks : " I believe I have seen a similar copy on large paper, marked in a bookseller's catalogue at one hundred and twenty guineas." The third edit, of the Bibliomania was pub. in 1842, r. 8vo, small paper, £3 'is.; large paper, £5 5«. This edit, is much the best, and contains a key to the assumed Cha- racters in the Komanee. It is here proper to notice two privately-printed brochures of Dr. Dibdin ; one, entitled Specimen Bibliothecse Bri- tannicffl, was printed in 180.S ; the other. Specimen of an English De Bure, in ISIO. In 1807-11 he pub. three arti- cles in the Classical Journal on the first Bilile and Psalters printed at Mentz ; and in 1811 he printed privately the Lincolne Nosegay, a selection of poetical pieces. The next great work of our enterprising bibliographer — The Typographical Antiquities of Great Britain — has already been noticed at length in our article Ames. Joseph, to which we refer the reader. The 66 large paper copies, imp. 4to, were pub. at £29 8«. : small paper, £14 14». About a year after the publication of the 2d edit, of the Bibliomania, at the suggestion of Dr. Dilidin, the famous Roxburghe Club was established. It may be said to have sprung out of the sale of the Roxburghe Library. Earl Spencer was chosen President, and our author Vice-Pre- sident. AVe now come to notice the Bibliotheca Spenceri.ana, pub. in 4 vols, super-roy. 8vo, in 1814; small paper at £S 8s. and £9 9«.. and large paper £18 18s. The germ of this splendid work was a small volume of 34 pp., of which 36 copies were printed, entitled Book Rarities, or a Descrip- tive Catalogue of some of the most curious, rare, and va- luable books of early date, chiefly in the collection of the Rt. Hon. George Jolin, Earl Spencer, K. G. It is devoted, with two exceptions, to the early-printed Dantes and Pe- trarcbs at Spencer House. To the Bibliotheca Spenceriana a supplement was added in 1815, and ^des Althorpiana? — a description of Spencer House and its treasures — pub. in 1822, may be considered vols. 5th and 6th, and the Cata- logue of the Cassano Library, vol. 7th, of this interesting series. The author of this noble set of books might well sav, on reviewing the results of his labours: '*' I have done every thing in my power to establish, on a firm foundation, the celebrity of a Library of which the remembrance can only perish with every other record of individual feme." In 1817, 3 vols. r. Svo, appeared The Bibliographical Decameron, or Ten Days' Pleasant Discourse upon Illumi- nated Manuscripts, and subjects connected with Early En- graving, Topography, and Bibliography. The small -paper copies, of which there were 760, were sold at £7 17s. dd. to subscribers ; £9 9«. to non-subscribers ; large paper, £15 15«. Overtures were made for its republication in French, but it was too late. The curious blocks from which the engravings were made had been destroyed by the au- thor and his friends. Although a thorough-paced biblio- maniac, we have no sympathy with such barbarous waste. The Decameron is assuredly one of the most beautiful, as ' well as one of the most instructive, books in the language. We have space for the quotation of one opinion only : " The volumes not only exceed my expectation, but even my imagination. I could never have conceived any work so interest- ing for its decorations. It is surely without a rival in the whole history of Typography."— Ts.vac Disrieli. We must notice two illustrated copies of this work. One is in the library of Lord Sp( at Althorp. Among other rarities, it has many duplicate proofs of coppe plates. It cost his lordship upwards of 150 guineas. The other copy was formerly in the possession of George Henry Freeling. He had extended his three volumes to eleven, which were bound in morocco by the famous Lewis. Mr. Freeling, as will readily be believed, was enthusiastically fond of the Decameron. "If the gods could read," he excLaimed, "they would never bo without a copy of the Decameron in their side- pocket !" In 1821 our author gave to the world the results of his nine months' exploration of continental libraries, in A Bi- bliographical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour in France and Germany, 3 vols. r. Svo. The money paid to engravers alone in the getting up of these volumes approached £5000. "A Work the most costly on the score of embellishments, and the most perilous on that of responsibility, in which a Traveller — 498 DIB relying upon his own resources exclusively — was ever engaged." — Author's Rrmiiiiscenc^s. '• One of the most t)eautiful and covetable books of modern times." — UoBEr.T Socthet. " Your splendid work is one of the most handsome which ever came from the liritish Press."— W.ilteb Scott. The Tour was pub. at £9 9«., small pap^, and £16 16»., large paper. Of illustrated copies, perhaps the most re- markable is one which passed through the hands of Henry Drury, George Hibbcrt, and P. A. Hanrott. It sold at Hib- bert's sale for £92 8«., and at Hanrott's for £178 10». The gentlemen who paid this price for it was induced to part with it liy "a very splendid offer," but what that was, wo believe, has not transpired. An account of this beau- tiful copy may be seen in Bibliotheca Hanrottiana, No. 2412. A second edition of the Tour, in 3 smaller volumes, was pub. in 1829. It is a very meagre affair compared with the first impression, and pub. at only £2 15». There is also a French trans, by M. Theodore Licquet, Paris, 1825, 4 vols. 8vo. In 1819 Dr. Dibdin projected a His- tory of the University of Oxford, which it is much to be regretted should have failed for want of encouragement. This noble university is much to blame for its neglect of a matter in which it has so deep an interest. From June, 1822, to Dec, 1825, he contributed a number of articles to Valpy's Museum, a periodical of short continuance. lu 1824 he pub. The Library Companion, or the Young Man's Guide and the Old Man's Comfort in the choice of a Library. A second vol. was contemplated, but the British Critic and the Westminster Quarterly Reviews criticized the work severely, and it was not continued. Nevertheless, it is a work* of considerable value, and deserves a wider circu- lation than it has obtained. It was pub. at £1 7s. : a few copies on large paper at £5 5«. A second edit, appeared in 1825. From an anecdote recorded at page 394 of the first edit., concerning " certain buckskins," and which is omitted in the subsequent one. it has acquired the title of the '• Breeches Edition," and is quoted as such in the Bib- liophobia. In 1820, .and also in 1825, our author pub. a volume of sermons, two single sermons in 1830 and 1831, an edit, of Thomas a Kcmpis's Imitation of Christ in 1828, and a collection of sermons by various authors in 6 vols, in 1830. Of this collection, entitled The Sunday Library, or the Protestant's Manual for the Sabbath Day, more than 4000 perfect sets were sold. It was pub. at £1 10s., and a new edit, was issued in 1851 at the very low price of 16s. l^rincipal Autkors. — Bp. Blomfield, Rev. Robert Hall, Bp. Heber, Jones of Nayland, C. W. Le Bas, Bp. Maltby, Bp. Mant, Dean Milman, Dr. Parr, Archdeacon Pott, Rev. Sidney Smith, Archbishop Sumuer, liji. Van Jlildert, &e. In 1827 he issued a 4th edit, of his Introduction to the Greek and Latin Classics. Of this work the first edit, was pub. in 1803, the 2d in 1804, and the 3d in 1809. The 4th edit, was pub. at £2 2«. : large paper, £6 6s. It is a most valuable work, and will save the classical student much time and toil. In 1831 he pub. anonymously a pamphlet, entitled Bibliophobia : Remarks on the Present languid and depressed state of Literature and the Book Trade; in a Letter addressed to the Author of the Biblio- mania: by Mercurius Rusticus, with Notes by Cato Par- vus. This is an amusing, though to the true Biblioma- niac also a melancholy, volume. In 1833 our author pub. two small vols, entitled Lent Lectures. "These subjects are well chosen, and Dr. Dibdin, who doubtless knows full \v,ll what a London audience is, tells them very plainly that h<' think'; it i-xpi'dient not to attempt too much, but to set before them the strongest and most striking points of each sul)- ject." — llrili^li Magazine. His Reminiscences of a Literary Life, which should be in the possession of every one aspiring to be a man of books, was pub. in 1836, 2 vols. Svo. It is a most valu- able storehouse of biographical .and bibliographical anec- dote. In 1838 oppeared A Bildiogr.aphical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour in the Northern Counties of Eng- land aud Scotland, 2 vols. r. Svo ; small paper, £4 14s. 6d. ; large paper, £8 ISs. 6'^. This is a handsome work, but much inferior to the Tour in France and Germany. To Dr. Dibdin, more than to any other individual, is to be ascribed the prevalence of the spirit of Bibliomania which raged with such violence iu England from about 1812 to 1S24. Did our space permit, we might perhaps occupy a few pages not unprofitably in considering the tempting subject of book-collecting, its use and abuse, its advan- tages aud disadvantages, its excess and its proper limits. It is a subject much misunderstood by the ignorant, and often misrepresented by the contracted. Informed by knowledge and restrained by discretion, it is certainly one of the moat useful, as well as amiable, of euthusiasms. DIG DIG To quote from the author whose labours in this depart- ment we have now had under consideration ; "When the Study of Bujuoorapht shall be more generally cul- tivated, its uses ivill be more generally acknowledged. It will he found to rank among those branches of antiquarian research which are as conducive to correct taste and intelligence as any other." But we should be disposed to claim much more than this for enlightened Bibliographv. Into the particular merits or demerits as a bibliographer, of the author of The Decameron, we will not be expected to examine, in the brief limits to which we are confined. There can be no question, however, of the justice of the commendations which we now quote with entire approba- tion, and with which we shall conclude our article: " No collection can be com])lete without Dr. Dibdin's volumes, which are, independent of the solid information they contain, fre- quently enlivened by literary anecdotes, and rendered generally in- terestlog by gre-at variety of observation and .acuteness of rema'rk.'' " You have contrived to strew flowers over a path which, in other hands, would have proved a very dull one; and all Biblio- mancs must remember you long, as he who first united their an- tiquarian details with good-humoured laillery and cheerfulness." — Sir WalUr fiaM tii Dr. Uibdin. Diceto, Radulph De. .See RAnrLPH de Diceto. Dicey, Thomas. Hist. Account of Guernsey, with Remarks on Jersey and other Lslands, Lon., 1750J 12mo. This work has been highly commended. Dick, Sir Alex., 17U.i-1785, a distinguished Scottish jihysician. De Ei.ilepsia, 1725. Account of his Life. Trans. R. Soc, Edin., 1790. Dick, Andrew Coventry, Advocate. Dissertation on Church Polity, Edin., li>35, sm. 8yo; last ed., 1851, 12mo. " An excellent piece of sound and eloquent argumentation." — Lowndes's Brit. Lib. " A book very ably written, and containing the best arguments in &vour of the voluntar)' ."iystem that 1 Lave ever seen."— iord AbeJ-deen, in the Hmtse of Lfirds. The Nature and Office of the Sf.ate, Lon., ISiS, 8vo. Dick, John, D.D., 1764-18.33, a native of Aberdeen, Prof, of Theol. to Uniteil Secession Church. False Teach- ers, Edin., 1788, 8yo. Inspiration of the Scriptures, 1800, 12mo; 1804, 8vo; Glasg., 1813, 8vo. " Altoirether the best essay in the langu.aje on the subject of inspiration." — Ortnc's Bibl. Bib., 1824. " A sensible and well-written essay." — Home's Bihl. Bib. Lectures on Theology, with a Memoir by his son, 2d ed., Edin., 1834, 4 vols. 8vo. oA body of Christian theology, lucid, discriminating, compre- hensive, orthodox." — Witli^tms's CItristian Preacher. Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Glasg., 1805-08, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1822, 8vo; 3d ed., 1848, sm. 8vo. " Well written, though not critical."— Oimc's Bibl. Bib. "They contain altogether a useful illustration of many import- ant passages of the Acts; they are full of good -sense and ortho- dox diviuity, conveyed in a perspicuous and easy style." — Lon. Eclectic Remexc. A vol. of Dr. Dick's sermons has been published. Dick, Robert, D.D. Serms., 1758, '62, Edin,, 8vo. Dick, Robert, M.D. Derangement of the Digestive Organs, Lon., 1843, cr. 8vo. Diet and Regimen, 1838, p. 8vo; 1839, 12mo. "One of the most enlightened and philosophical writers of his class." — Lmi.. Monthly Beriejc. "It treats most nl.lv nf .iirt and physical cultivation, and also of moral and int..Ilrrfii.il rr'AahMun."— Lon. Literary Oazetle. Dick, Rev. Thomas, LL.D., 1774-1857, b. near Dundee, Scotland, nobly earned the dignified title attached to one of his excellent volumes, — The Christian Philoso- pher. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and, after completing his studies, entered the ministry of the Secession Church. Much of his time was devoted to teaching, for which elevated and philanthropic calling few rnen have been better fitted. An interesting notice of this venerated benefactor of bis race will be found in Professor C. D. Cleveland's (a personal and attached friend of Dr. Dick) English Literature of the I'Jth Century, in which work we find the following list of Dr. Dick's publications: 1. The Christian Philosopher, or the Connection of Science with Religion, 1823. 2. The Philosophy of Reli- gion, or an Dlustration of the Mor.al Laws of the Uni- verse, 1825. 3. The Philosophy of a Future State, 1828. 4. The Improvement of Society by the Difl'usion of Know- ledge. 5. On the Mental Illumination and Mor.al Im- provement of M.ankind, 1835. 6. Christian Beneficence contrasted with Covetousness, 1836, 7. Celesti.al Scenery, 1838. 8. The Sidereal Heavens, 1840. 9. The Practical Astronomer, 1845. 10. The Solar System, 1846. 11. The Atmosphere and Atmospherical Phenomena, 1848. 12. The Telescope and Microscope, 1851. Several of these works have been trans, into other languages, and the So- lar System into the Chinese. Dr. Dick has also contri- buted largely to the periodicals of the day. Messrs. E. C. & J. Biddle of Phibadelphia pub. in 1850 a uniform edition of Dr. Dick's works in 10 vols. 12mo. Messrs. Ap- plegate & Co. of Cincinnati also publish a fine edition, complete in 2 vols. r. 8vo. We have before us commenda- tory notices of Dr. Dick's volumes from no less than twenty- three British periodicals. From these we extract the fol- lowing: Notice of the Philosophy of Religion : "In discussing these interesting and imjxirtant topics. Dr. Dick assumes the truth of Divine Kevel.ation, and taking nature and revelation as they stand, ende.avours to show the philosophy— in other words, the reasonableness — of what has been done, so as to justify the ways of God to man. The design of such a work is lofty and benignant, and Dr. Dick has brought to his great argu- ment a vast .amount of illustration and proof, presented in a style condensed and perspicuous, .and imbued with the feeling appro- priate to such a theme. We commend it earnestly to the general reader, and not less so to the Christian preacher. ' Such modes of dealing with the foundation of things need to be more common in our pulpits."— Brifiift Quarterly Review. Notices of Celestial Scenery ; ^ "This fiimiliar explanation of the most interesting phenomena is well calculated to unfold the wonders of astronomy to those who are unacquainted with the mysteries of that science; while those who have learned its principles will derive pleasure from the specu- lations on the different aspects of our system, as viewed from the sun and the several planets." — Lon. Alhenceum. "An admirable book to put into the hands of youth and general readei-s.' — Lon. Literary ikizdte. " This is an admirable book, not more v.aluable for the excellence of its intention, th.an for the taste, right feeling, and manly simpli- city of its execution. It is one of the most beautiful and readable books we ever had in our hands."— G/«,«jio«i Ckrmicle. "Dr. Dick is not a mere collector of the opinions of others; but one who has thought and investigated for himself."— Zon. Evan- gelical Magazine. Notices of the Sidereal Heavens : "A very interesting compiLation, made by a practical man, and one which we can have no fear of recommending as a fit sequel to the Celestial Scenery of the same author."— tVmrc/l of Enqland Quarterly Revievj. "The grandeur of our author's conceptions, the beauty of his style, and the rationality of his conclusions, equally charm the mind. We most unhesitatingly recommend our readers to treat themselves with the gratification of perusing this sublime book Our author is a Christian philosopher."- ira. Herald of Peace. " A popular work on astronomv, in which the author addresses himself to general students rather than to scientific readers; and he further improves his design by turning the thoughts of all to- wards the omnipotent Deity, whose works he describes as far as they are cognizable by human faculties."— £o»!. Literary Gazette. " No one can peruse this volume without being inspired with profound admiration and awe, and filled with emotions of deep hu- mility and reverence. The work is characterized by profound and elaborate research, suited to the high and imposing theme, and is pervaded by a reverential spirit towards the mighty Architect We unhesitatingly commend the work to the perusal of every class."— Scottish Pilot. " We have seldom met with a more readable or instructive work, lie who has fairly mastered its contents will find himself a sort of living encyclopa>dia of astronomical facts. It is pervaded from beginniug to end. by a feeling of the deepest piety towards that Demg whose celestial architecture it is the author's object to bring before the wondering and adoring mind of the reixin."— Grant's Journal. Notices of Christian Beneficence contrasted with Covet- ousness : '•A treatise of singular merit and interest, which cannot be read without largely instructing the understaading, and deeply im- pressing .and affecting the heart."— A'eiu Cannexim Magazine. " It is, indeed, a truly excellent treatise. In every part it comes forcibly home to the judgment and conscience of the reader. . The style of Dr. Dirk is correct, dignified, and impressive. The merit of the work lies in its eminent adiiptation for usefulness It IS a manly, judicious, and scriptural statement of the reasons and grounds of liberality of conduct."— ftnerui Baptist Repository. W e hope that what has not already been effected by sober argu- ment and solemn appeals, will result in this case from what may be regarJcHl .as a volume of practical evidence, in which the working of tliese aiKajrniiist principles is fairly set forth."— ion. Edec. Sev. See alsi. Clin.. Month. Spec, ix. 149, (bv Denison Olmsted.) Dick, Thomas Lauder. Con. on Natural Philoa. to Annals Phil., 1815, '16, '17. ^ Dick, Sir VVm. His lamentable Case and distressed Estate, Lon.. 1656, fol. A rare book, which has been sold at great prices. Dowdeswell, 312, £52 10». ; Dent, pt. 1., 837, £26 5.. ; Sir P. Thompson, £28 17s. 6d. Dick, VVm. Dropsies; Med. Com., 1786. Dick, Wm. A Manual of Veterinary Science from the 7th edit, Encyc. Brit., Edin. and Lon., 1842, p. 8vo. "All Farmers and Cattle-de.alers, Shepherds, Stahlers, Coach- contractors, every man who is interested in the s! udy of Veteri- nary Medicine, should have Mr. Dick's manual in his possession." — Ellin. Advertiser. " Written and compiled with great care. . . . The views will h« found sober, practical, and judicious."— 9w7r. Jour.of AgricuU. Dicken, Alldersey. Scrms., Camb., 1823. Dickens, Chaileb. Serms., 1757, 'S3. DIG Dickens, Charles, b. 1812, at Lnndport, Portsmouth. ' Englancl, enjoys the reputation of being the most popular author of the clay. His father, John Diekens, held a post in the Navy Pay Department, and was subsequently a re- porter of parliamentary debates. Charles was intended for the profession of the law, but finding no pleasure in his studies, obtained his father's consent to "join the parlia- mentary corps of a daily newspaper." He was first en- gaged in the office of the True Sun, and subsequently formed a connexion with the Morning Chronicle, in the evening edition of which appeared the Sketches of Life and Character, afterwards pub. as Sketches by Boz in 2 vols., 1836, '37. The extraordinary merit of these papers was at once acknowledgeil, and an enterprising publisher engaged Mr. Dickens and Mr. Seymour, the comic draughts- man, " the one to write and the other to illustrate a book which should exhibit the adventures of a party of Cockney Sportsmen." Seymour committed suicide before the book was finished, and the illustrations were continued by Hablot K. Browne, under the signature of "Phiz." Never was a book received with more rapturous enthusiasm than that •which greeted the Pickwick Papers ! It may be said, with- out a trope, that from the peer in his p.alace to the Jehu on DIG Dwijht.) xxxii., (by A. P. Peabody ;) Bost, Liv. Age. xxi,; N. yTjrk Eclcc. Mag., v., vii., viii., ix., xvi. ; N. York Eclec. Mus., i. ; Phila. Mus., xxxi., xxxii. From three or four of these reviews we append brief quotations: "The popularity of this writer is one of the most remarkable literary ijheuomcna of recent times, for it has been fairly earned without resorting' to any of the means by which most other writers have suci-eiiled in alliactiug tUeattenlion of their contemporaries. He bus tiattered no popular prejudice, and profited by no passing follv : he lias attempted no caricature sketches of the manners or convei-satiou of the aristocracy ; and there are very few political or personal allusions in his works. Moreover, his class of subjects are such as tn expose him at the outset to the tatal objection of vul"arity : and, \vith the exception of occasional extracts in the ue^vspapei s. he received little or no assistance from the press. Yet, in less than six months from the appearance of the first number of the Pickwick Papers, the whole reading public were talkmg about then:— the names of Winkle, Wardell, Wcller, Snodgrass, Dodson, and Fogg, had become familiar in our mouths as house- hold terms ; and Mr. Dickens was the grand object of interest to the whole tribe of ■ Leo-hunters,' male and female, of the metropo- lis. Nav, Pickwick chintzes figured in linen-drapers' windows, and Weller corduroys in breeches-makers' advertisements; lioz cabs mi"ht bo seen rattling through the streets, and the portrait of the aufhor of IMhani or Ciichton was scraped down or pasted over to make rnorn f r th:itof the new popular favourite in the omnibuses. This is only to Ije accounted for on the supposition that a fresh vein of himiour had been opened; that a new and decidedly original his box, the book became an immediate lavourite wnu an „^yjX\xs, had sprung up; and the most cursory reference to pieced- classes of society. The public were equally delighted with " ._.^-. =....: the shrewd facetiousness of Samuel Weller, and the unso- phisticated benevolence of his estimable master, and no less charmed with the oddities and affectations of the otlier members of the circle. The comparisons of Weller Junior not always the most obvious — were quoted and dupli- cated, if no"t improved upon, and single gentlemen were continually admonished to profit by the example of the "old gentleman," and studiously beware of respectable matrons who mourned the loss of their conjugal partners. An author so successful, and who seemed to jiossess a perennial spring of humour and a m.arvellous facility of character, not unfrcquently caricature, drawing, was not permitted to forget his cunning: the publishers and the public alike insisted upon more Pickwicks and Wellers; and Nicholas Nickleby, Oliver Twist, The Old Curiosity ... Shop, and Barnabyjludge,_were_eageriy read by hundreds | J,°.S»,J^y--y^l'',f ^.^tt of thousands of delighted readers. On the completion of Master Humphrey's Clock, in which the two preceding tales were included, Mr. Dickens visited America, where he hud i no reason to complain of a lukewarm reception. Upon his return home he gave the world the result of | the impressions produced by his tour, in his American Notes for General Circulation, pub. in 1S42. This volume elicited a vol. pub. in N. York, 1843, 8vo, entitled Change lor Aine- ; rican Notes, in Letters from London to New York, by a I Lady. In 1843 he commenced Martin Chuzzlewit, in which | his friends, the Americans, were not forgotten. He visiled Italy in 1844, where he remained for about a year, and on his return in 1845 he established a new morning newspa- , per, entitled The Daily News, whicii he conducted for a short time. It is now a leading journal. Among other contributions of Mr. Dickens, a number of sketches, 1 styled Pictures of Italy, will bo found in its columns. Since the relinquishment of the Daily News, our author has given to the world Dombey and Son, David Copjier- field. Bleak House, The Child's History of England, Me- moirs of Joseph Grini.al.li, and the Christmas Tolesof The Cricket on the Hearth and The Haunted Man. The Chimes and the Christmas Carol had been previously published. To these literary labours of Mr. Dickens must be added Hard Times, for These Times, 1854, p. 8vo : Little Dorritt, 1857. Svo ; and papers in Tlic Household Narrative of Cur- rent Events, and in Household Words, (of which vol. xviii. was pub. in 1858. Tho circulation of the latter in London alone w.as stated, in 1853, (not Ijy those interested, so far as we are aware.) to be yO.OtlU copies. But we presume that for London should bo read Eiujhind. This periodical has an extensive circulation in America, also. New eds. of several of Mr. Dickens's works have been republished in London by Messrs. Ward & Lock, Chap- man & Hall, and Bradbury; and several beautiful eds. are issued in Philadelphia by Messrs. T. B. Peterson A Bros. For critical notices of the merits and demerits of this popular author wo refer the reader to Edin. Rev., Ixviii., Ixxvi., Ixxxi. ; Lon. t^uar. Rev., lix., Ixiv., Ixxi., Ixxiii.; Westm. Rev., xxvii., xxxix.; N. Brit. Rev., iv., vii., XV. ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., i., xvii. ; Blackw. Mag.. Hi., Ix. ; Fraser's Mag., xxi., xxv., xxvi., xlii. ; Dubl. Unnr. Mag., xii. ; N. Amcr. Rev., hi., (liy A. P. Pcabody, D.D.,) Iviii., (by C. C. Felton.) Ixix.. (by E. P. Whipple;) South. Lit. Moss., ii., iii., v., i.x. ; Now Englandcr, i.. (by J. P. Tlioinpson;) Bost. Chris. Exam., xxvii., (by J. S. .^^ English writers ot tho comic order will show, that, in his own peculiar walk, Jlr. Dickens is not simply the most distinguished, but the tirst."' — Lon. Quart. Hevitiv, lix. 484; Oct. 1837. " 'f here is no misanthropy in his satire, and no coarseness in his description.s— a merit enhanced by the natuie of his subjects. His works are chietiy pictures of hum'ble life — hequently of the hum- blest. The reader is led through scenes of poverty and crime, and all the characters are made to discourse in the appropriate language of their respective classes — .and yet we recollect no passage which ought to cause pain to the most sensitive delicacy, if read aloud in female society. We have said that his satire was not misanthropic. This is eminently true. One of the qualities we the most admira in him is his comprehensive spirit of humanity. The tendency of his writings is to make us practically benevolent— to excite our sym- pathy in tiehalf of the aggrieved and suffering in all classes; and especially in those who are most removed from observation. He especially directs "ur iitlention to the h.lpless virtims of untoward circumstances or a i ii-mu^ s\ slriii— ti> tlir iiiiinisniHd ilrbtor — the orphan pauper— tb.' |,;oisb aiiiinuliee— the juvenile riiiiiiiial— and ■ • • — ' 'i, under the eomliiuation of itiiieutal neglect, brutality of a pedagogue, may be exercised with impunity in schools. His humanity is plain, practical, and manly. It is quite untainted with sentimentality. There is no mawkish w,ailing for ideal distresses— no morbid exaggeration of the evils incident to our lot — no disposition to excite unavailing discontent, or to turn our attention from remedial grievances to those which do not admit a remedy. Though he appeals much to our feelings, we can detect no instance in which he has employed the verbiage of spurious philanthropy. He is equally exempt from the meretricious caut of spurious philosophy." — £diii. Jievuir, Ixviii. 77, Oct. 1S38. "Dickens as a novelist and prose poet is to be classed in the ti-ont rank of the noble company to which he belongs. He has revived the novel of genuine practical life, as it existed in the works of fielding, 8moUett, and Goldsmith; hut at the same time has given to his materials an individual coloring and expres.sion peculiarly his own. His characters, like those of his great esemidars, consti- tute a world of their own. whose truth to nature every reader in- stinctively recognizes in connection with their truth to Dickens. Fielding delineates with more exquisite art, standing more as tho spectator of his personages, and coniuienting on their actions with an ironical humour and a seeming innocence of insight, which pierces not only into, but through, their very nature, laying bare their most uncouscious scenes of action, and in every instance in- dicating that he understands them better than they understand themselves. It is this perfection of knowledge and insight which gives to his novels their naturalness, their freedom of movement, and their v.alueas lessons in human nature as well as consummate representations of actual life. Dickens'seyefor the forms of things is as accurate as Fielding's, and his range of vision more extended; hut he does not probe so profoundly into the heart of what he sees, and he is more led away from the simplicity of truth by a tricksy spirit of fantastic exaggeration. Mentally he is indisputatjly bo- low Fielding : but in tenderness, in pathos, in sweetness and purity of feeling, in that comprehensiveness of sympathy which springs from a sense of brotherhood with mankind, ho is indisputably above him."— K. V. Whipple; iV. Amer. Jiev.. Ixix. 392-393, Oct. 1849. '■ The mention of the Waverlcy Novels and their broad Scottish dialect, leads unavoidably to the remark, that, unlike the author of these matchless productions. Mr. Dickens makes his low charac- ters almost alw.ays vulgar. It is not easy to define vulgarity, hut every one can feel it; and we know that Fldie Ochiltree, Cud'lie Ileadriig. Bailie Nicol .larvie. and Domine Sampson are not vulgar, in spite of their accent, language, and station; neither are Jeaiiio Deans, or Meg Meirilies, or the Mui-klebackits; and while the au- thor draws them with iierfect truth, he often conveys through their mouths lessons of I he greatest moial elevation. Every reader must havi^ felt how much ulherwise it is with Mr. Dickens. " In the next place, the good characters of Mr. Dickens's novels do not seem to have a wholesome moral tendency. The reason is, that many of them— all the author's favourites — exhibit an excel- lence flovviug from constitution and temperament, and not from the influence of moral or religious motive. They act from impulse, not from principle. They present no struggle of contending pas- sions; they arc instinctively incapable of evil; they are, therefore, not constituted like other human beings ; and do not feel the force DIG of temptation »s it assails our less perfect breasts. It is this that makes "'^^Vumesi' monsters, that the world ne'er saw^' This is the true meaning of -the simple beart,' wh>ch Mr D.ckens so PC ■petu.-illv eulogizes. Indeea, they often dj-g™'™'". '°*V " p?etofssometimes'into mere idiots. . . . Another error .s the un- due nrominence civen to good temper and kindness, which are constantTv made substitutes for all other virtues, and an a on,^ ment for the want of them; while a defect in these good quail les £?he li-nalf^r instant condemnation and the charge of hypocrisy it is unfortunate, also, that Mr, Dickens so frequently represents persons with pretin.sions to virtue and piety as mere rogues and £j^o rites, and never depicts any whose sbitK-n as clergymen, or reniitation for piety, is consistently adorned and venfled., . . "o iXot ut sonielin es contrast the tone of Mr. Dickens s purely sentin e, 1 passages with that of J'ir Walter Scott on similar occa- sion' and the MiH.,.1 pompwithwhich the firmer often parades a flainil 1- ,a ' of thnadliare morality with the quiet and graceful eise with which tlie hitter points out and enforces a useful lesson. —Xrirlli British h'eneio,lo\.i\. Dickens, John. Tin Plates, Lon., 1(36. Sto. Dickenson, John. Deorum Conscs.sus, L.m., 15ai, 8vo Arisl.as, l&iJI,4to, Greene in Conceii.t, Ac, 1598, 4to. Dickenson, John. Misrallanea ex Historus Angli- canis, Lugd. Uatav.. KiOfi, 4to. Dickenson, John. Serm. on Ps. Ixxxi. Dickenson, John. Serm., 1779, 8vo. Dickenson, Thomas. Scrms., 1712, 16, Svo. Dickie, J. See Mitchell, J. „ , ^, Dickins, John, Rcfister of the Ct. of Chancery. Reports in Chancery, by J, Wyatt, Lon„ 1803, 2 vols, r, 8vo. '•Mr Dickins was a very attentive and diligent register, tut nis notes being rather loose, "are not considered as good authority. — ''""Fromtheaulhor-sofficial station greateMpectations were formed by the profession from the proposed publication of them; sed par- turiunt montes, etc:'— Bridgmans Legal IIM. Dickinson, Adam. N. Test. Grfece, Lon , 1814. Dickinson, Andrew. My First Visit to Europe, N. York 1851. 12ino, A 2.1 0(1. has been pub. '■ A 'very r. :ol d Ir l.ook— fresh, nnalTected, genuine. His narra- tion is at iiii^.' f.iiililul. varied, and interesting." Dickinson, Kdmund, 1624-1707, Physician to Chas. II and James II., is best-known as the publisher of Delphi Phffinizicantes, &c.,0.>Lnn., 1655, Svo, a learned dissertation, written to prove that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Delphic Oracles from the Holy Scriptures. But this trea- tise was really written by Henry Jacob, and appropriated by the dishonest mcd!cus. See Athcn. Oxon. m Orme s liihl Bib Dickinson wrote a work entitled PhysicaVetus et Vera, Lon., 1702, 4to. Parabola Philosophica, an.1 a treatise on the Grecian Games, in Latin, pub. with an Ac- count of his Life and Writings, by W. M. Blonbery, 1709, Svo ; 1739. tfin li Dickinson, Francisco. 20 Rare Secrets, 1649, 4to. Dickinson, Capt. H. Instructions for forming a Reciment of Infantry tor Parade or Exercise, 1798, Svo. Dickinson, John, 1732-1808, member of the As- sembly of Penna., 1764; delegate to a general congress^ in New York, 1705 ; member of Congress from Penna., li (4; ag.ain in 1779 ; President of Delaware, 1780 ; President of the Supreme Executive Council of Penna., 1782-85: suc- ceeded by Benjamin Franklin. Speech, 1764. Reply to a Speech of Joseph Galloway, 1765. Late Regulations respecting the British C(donies on the Continent of Ame- rica 1765. Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, [12 Letters,] 1767-6S. Reprinted, 1774. 9 Letters under the signature of Fahius ; intended to promote the adoption of the Constitution, 1788; 14 ditto, to encourage a favourable feeling towards France, 1797. His Polit. Writings were pub. in 2 vols. Svo, in 1801. Mr. Dickinson's style was distinguished by perspicuity, vigour, and a flowing elo(iuence admirably suited to the exciting topics which coniinandod his pen. He was au- thor ol°many of those able papers issued by the early American Congress which elicited the ardent eulogy of Lord Chatham. . The celebrated Petition to the King, erroneously ascribed by Chief Justice Marshall, in his Life of Washington, to Mr. Lee, was the production of John Dickinson. "It won the highest admiration on both sides of the Atlantic, and will remain an imperishable monument to the glory of its author, and of the assembly of which he was a member, so long as fervid and manly eloquence, and chaste and elegant composi- tion shall bo appreciated."— TiiovAS Aluuone BunD: Lijeof John Vicldnson in the Naiimal Portrait Gallery of Distmguuhcd Amerv- ca?is, P'(ita., 1852, vol. ii. . The " Second Petition to the King" was also written by John Dickinson. „ ,. „ ^ t. ■ . » Dickinson, Jonathan, 1 688-1747, first President of the College of New Jersey, 1746-47, was for nearly forty years "the joy and glory" of the 1st Presbyterian Church of Elizabcthtown, New Jersey. He pub. many DIG serms. and thcolog. treatises, 1732-46. A third ed. of his Familiar Letters upon Important SubjeoLs in Religion was pub. at Edin. in 1757, 12mo, and a collection of a number ol his writings was issued in the same place in 1793, Svo. Seo Pi'erson's Serm. on his death ; preface to his serms., Edin. ed. -Chandler's Life of Johnson ; Allen's Amor. Biog. Diet. Dickinson, R. Sheriffs, Coroners, Constables, and Collectors of Taxes, Springfield, 1810, Svo. Justices of the Peace, Boston, Svo. Dickinson, Kobert. Serms., 1803-06, Svo. Dickinson, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1S18, Svo. Dickinson, Rodolphus. New and corrected Ver- sion of the New Test, with Notes, Boston, 1S:13, r. Svo. Severely handled in the Amor. Month. Rev., March, 1833. Dickinson, Samncl. Serm.. 1784, Svo. Dickinson, VV m, Serm., Lon., 1619, 4to. Dickinson, VVm. Ode in Artem Anatonucam oma- tissimo doetissimo.iue viro Ricardo Mead, M.D., fid. Dickinson, >Vm. Antiquities in Nottinghamshire and the adjacent Counties, Newark, 1801-03, 4to, vol. i. This is an untiuishcd work, containing the Hist of South- well. The Hist, and Anti(i. of the Town of Newark, New- ark. 1806, 4to. See R.\st.\ll, W. Dickinson. Dickinson, Wni. Justice of the Peace, 2d ed., Lon., 1822, 3 vols. Svo. Justice Law of the last 5 years, 1813- 17, 1S18, Svo. . , ., ..v ffi •■ A very good and convenient Appendix, executed with suffi- cient care and skill to answer all the purposes for which it was undertaken."— ion. *("»(;(/ /I'cc. Practical Guide to the Quarter Sessions, and other Ses- sions of the Peace ; 5tb ed. by Mr. Sergeant Talfourd; 6th ed. with addits. by R. P. Tyrwhitt, 1S45, Svo, Dicks, John. Gardener's Directory, 1769, fol. Dickson, Rev. Adam. Treatise on Agriculture, Edin., 1762, Svo; 2d ed., 1765; V(d. ii., 1769, Svo; new ed., 1785, 2 vols. Svo. The Husbandry of the Ancients, Edin. and Lon., 1788, 2 vols. Svo. ••This, though the best work on the subject in the English lan- guage, is inferior to th.at of Butel Dumont,"— JfcC«/((vcA s LU. nj Polit. Ectmom >/. , ^ ,_ i- * * " Dickson iias ever been very justly reckoned to be a flrst-rate writer of the time "—I'o"a'''soK's .tin'iC(/rt. -Bi(i,<7, ,. .. , Dickson, Alex. De Vmbra Rationis et Indicij, Lon., 1583, 16mo. Libellusdememoriaverissima,Ac.,15S4,12mo. Dickson, Caleb, M.D. Fever, Lon., 1585, Svo. Dickson, David, 158.3-1663, a native of Glasgow; minister of Irvine, 1618 ; Proles, of Divinity in the Univ. of Glasgow, 1643, and afterwards in that of Edinburgh. Explanation of the Epistle to the Hebrews, Aber., 1635, fol. and 12mo. , „ ^ , n-i.t Not so satis&ctory as his work on the Psalms. '—Orme s um. 'Expositio analytica omnium Epistolarum, Glasg., 1645, 4to. Exposition of the Gospel according to St. Matthew, °°hort, but sensible and evangelical."— Bic/iOT((^A'5 Christian ABricf Explication of the Psalms, 165.3-55, 3 vols. Svo, Glasg. and Lon., 1S34, 3 vols. 12mo; with a Memoir of the author, by the Rev. Robert Wodrow. '• Very popular dui iiig the latter part of the seventeenth cen- iVii-s."—lIoriie:s Bihl. hib. . . , ,_ ,. "'The exposition, though brief, is not so short as to be unsatis- factorv." — Onne's Bibl. Bih. , , ^. „ '•Of use for the justness and fertiUty of its observations. — WilUams's Chi-istian Preacher. Therapeutica Sacra, Edin., 1695, Svo. ,,„.,. "An experimental and profitable work."— Sickerstdh s Christian Student. . ., Acn i* 1 Exposition of all the Epistles, 1659, fol. Dickson was engaged in some other works. Edward Leiirh— see a Treatise of Religion and Learning, Lon., 1656, fol.— commends Dickson highly, and Poole repre- sents his expositions as .... „ " Brief, but perspicuous, ingenious, and judicious. See Wodrow's Jlcmoirs of Dickson ; Law s Memonalls. Dickson, David, M.D. Medical Essay, 1712, Svo. Dickson, David. Serms.. Edin., 1818, Svo. Dickson, D. M. Ann. of Me(L, 1799. Dickson, J. Revelations of Cholera, Lon.. 1848, Umo. Dickson, J. Breeding of Live Stock, Edin. and Lon., 1850, p. Svo. .„,. ,„„, ,, Dickson, James. Prac. Discourses, Edin., 1731, Svo. Dickson, James, d. 1822. Fasciculus Plantarum Cryptogamicarum Britanni;-e, Lon., 178,3-1801, 4to. Dried Plants, 1787-99, sm. fol. BoUnical Catalogue, 179i, Svo. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1791, '94, '97, and to Trans. Hortic. Soc, 1815, '17, 'IS. Dickson, James Hill. Letters on the improved mode f.f the Cultivation and Management of Flax, Lon., 1846, Svo. . ^, Die "The intelligence is very sound, and correctly estimated."- %fck?olrU. W:7m.D. Practical Agriculture ; plaut- "'^tT^rm^Companion, 1811, 8vo. I-P-«^|>- temof Cattle Mauagcment, 1^22 2 v„K4to. He eduU a monthly AL'ricultarnl Journal, 1807, U». Dicksou: Rev. Richard. New Interpretation of Dickson, ^"""V'svu Fallacy of the Art of Physic, rssrs^r FaUa'c efof the Fa^-ult/; being the Spirit of Jhe Chronic Treatment System, 2a ed., 1841, Syo; 6th ed., '' n'ickso^ 's^amuelHenry, Professor of the Prae- tic"f MeX\norrbe Jcffersor Medical College Phila. ^.i„h n fi,r miny years Prof, of the Institutes and Practice Sicin rn th^ 111 CU. of the State of South Carolina. 1 Dengue: its History, Pathology, and Treatment, Phila, 1826 Svo 2. Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics; beinethe Substance of the Course of Lectures delivered in thTul Coll. of S. Carolina, 1845, 2 vols. Svo 3. Essays on Slavery, 1845, and sundry Orations and Addresses. 4. Essays on Life, Sleep, Pain, &c., Phila., 1852, 12mo. 5. E em^ntrof Medicine, 1855, 8vo, pp. 750. Br. Djckson has contrib. to many medical and miscell. periodicals. It wUl be observed by the annexed notice that this distin- 3^-^:Sy:s^fSt^SHsri S r^vTni^lt'H^ir^^n rgraoe of his per^ds^ Adm^nrstraUun Vindicated, with a Pief. by J. Seddon, "mcksoii, Thomas. De Sanguinis Missione, Lugd. '^'^i,'i"ks^n:Thomas, M.D., Physician ^"^^^^^t Hospital. Blood-letting, Lon.,l(6D, 4to. Con. to Med. *" Di"ksou';'WaUer R. Domestic Poultry, Lon 1833, '46 12mo? new ed. with addits. by Mrs. Loudon, lUus. by ^^'TMl'i'fn''e.^en:n; tre.^tise on poultry, and deserves much i is the most comprehensive work on the ^"'jl^;. ^"'^;°- raluable to all who raise poultry either for profit or pa»t.me. Dickson, Wm. Negro Slavery, Lon., 17b9,8vo. Wi- ti^at'on n? S avery, 181472 vols. 8vo ; in eonjunetaon with Hon I Steele Other works. Trans of serms. by Mas- Iluon i798 3 vols. 8VO. Every one should read the serms. of the elo,i«ent Bishop "f, Cl»remont^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ -iHSSiS^SSJt^ri^ir^rofSs Mauey: l''■J^V'n.°£f:''tZZ>^:u^d■ Flechieris more equ.il. but cious, but he neglects tlie ligniei oiuaiueu.., therefore, livelT concise, and harmonious. — i. Aiimu. . . t> Dicuil, an Irish monk, b. 755-760? wrote a tract Do Mensura Orbis Terras, and a treatise on Grammar ; ho lat- ter annears o be lost. The tract De Mensura, Ac. was tot pub L 1807 by C. A.Walckenaer, Paris, Svo, from 502 DIG * „ \T«« in the Koyal (the Imperial) Library at Paris. Sim a "ew ed w'as W by 'a. Letronne, Paris 8v„, who consulted two MSS. in Italy. There is another MS. Tf th is tract in the Imperial Library at Vienna, ot tnis tr.iei, lu I.UV. 1 nerfectlv destitute of ornament; ie.uauu ^ 1- J Travels in New Zealand, 1843, I •;X' 1:7' i™l\. Me woA^ettainingan extensive Fauna rf New Zealand, and a Grammar and Dictionary of the ^ memar, E . M. The History and Amours of Rhodope, '^"i'i''iht"'Fvprard, d 1592. Theoria Analytica, Ac, T ^1579 fto Se Duplici Methodo libri duo, 1580, 8vo *De Art^e'Natandi. 1587. A dissuasive rel. to the goods, Ae c.f1he Cbm^-h, 4to. A Short Introduction for to learn to Swimine trans, by Chr. Middleton. . , j , m-by, Sir Everard, 1581-1606, distinguished as "the haml'somest man of his time,; son of tbe preceding executed as an aceompliee in the Gunpowder Pot. Some of hTs papers were pub. with other pieces relating to the ''^T»i"^bv Francis. A trans, from Xenophon. Si"by (;corge, Earl of Bristol, 1612-1676, born m :p:hC:hSofK:^bA674 and 1679 ^Elvira, T. Comedy 'Tis better than it was. Apology, 1642 4to Let eTtothe Queen, 1642, 4to. Letters between Lord George Digby and Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt., eoncerning Re- U '°of 1651, 12mo. See other publications of his in Park s wXolel R. and N. Authors. See also Athen. Oxon.; !>• ij,.;t . Till Warhurton's In troduc. to Julian. ^'"i'smguAson whLe life ,vas contradiction."-Hoa..c. '"■m'sby, John, Earl of Bristol, 1580-1653 father of the pr^ediu:- Verses on the Death of Sir Henry TJnton. Kr Poems See Lawes's Ayres and Dialogues, Lon., i^^53fol Trans, of P. du Moulin's Defence of the Catholic "ST^fm^e^Z:. leJrarK-s Walpole's R, --^ ^ ;^^^^''S:^ Digby, Sir John. Letter to Col. Kerr, Gov. of Ply- mouth, persuading him to betray his trust 1645 Ditibv. Lord John. Speeches, 1642, 60, 4 to. S !by Sir Kenelm, 1603-1648, son of Sir Everard Dirty was e.ually distinguished for his supposed skill in S'phnosophy. and for having married the famous beau- tv Venetia Ana^tasia, daughter of Sir Edward Stanley, ^■•- 1 Hdy of an e."aordinary beauty, and of as extraordinary a '^"B^n'^n^twho wrote ten pieces in her praise, thus '"■"""'Twere'nmJ that I dy'd too, now she is dead, Who WMS my Muse, and life of all I said; The siiirit that 1 wrote with, and conceiv d. All that was good or gn^at with me, she weav d. Aubrey gives a minute account of her appearance. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.. 111. 694-0. f „„,u, • A Sir Kenelm was the author of a number of works. A Conference wUh a Lady about the Choice of Religion Pans, {fi3H 8™ L n 1654. His and Mr. Montague's Letters P:;^^g;;i:^ c™tri^^J-^;,-;„ - - ^rri68^8:i^X;^<^|^2dStan.ain.he9th^Can^ s:3^^:^^b^^i:i^S;'^?at;7io:^^>^op^(^ ?6"0 "sVo "Imst. 'i66L12mo The Boav -id Soul of Man Paris 1644, fol. Of Bodies and ot Man s Soul, 'sai Truth. '• We have never read a volume more full than this [Morus] of loving gentlcucss and earnest admiration for all things beautiful and excellent." — Sterling. Mores Catholici; or Ages of Faith, Anon., 1844-47, 3 vols. r. Svo. "That delightful writer, who has collected, like a truly pious pilgrim, the fi-agi-ance of ancient times; whose works I should cer- tainly recommend to the English Aristocracy, and Irish, too."— Archhishop ok 'fl'AM. Digby, Wm., Dean of Clonfert. 21 Lectures on Di- vinity, Dubl., 1787. Svo. Digges, Sir Dudley, 158.3-1 639, eldest son of Thomas Digges, educated at University College, O.xford. Four Par.adoxes, or Politique Discourses, &c. by Thos. .and Dud. Digges, 1604, 4to. Defence of the E. India Trade, 1615, 4to. '■ It contains some curious particulars, but wants the ingenuity and oriiriuality which distinguishes Mun's tract."— JfcCui(oc/i's Lit. of Bilit. Ecrm. Right and Privileges of the Subject, 1642, 4to. The Compleat Ambassador, 1655, '65, fol. " .i pleasing variety of letters." — Bp. NicoLSON. Digges, Dudley, 1612?-1643, third son of the preced- ing. An Answer to Observations upon some of his Majes- ty's late Answers and Expresses, O.xon., 1642 ; tiHoa. The Unlawfulness of Subjects taking up Arms against their sovereign on what case soever, 1643, '47, 4to ; 1662, Svo. Review of the Observ.ations upon some of his M.ajesty'a late Answers and Expresses, Oxon., 1043, '44; aao«. Digges, Edward. Silkworms, Phil. Trans., 1665. Digges, Leonard, d. about 1573, an eminent mathe- matician, father of Thomas Digges, a native of Barham, Kent, was educated at University College, Oxford. Tec- tonicon; measuring of Land, &c.. Lon., 1556, 4to. A Prog- nostication to judge of the weather, Ac, 1555, '40, '56, '64, '67 ; augmented by T. Digges, 1576, '78, '92, 1634, 4to. An Arithmet. Military Treatise named Stratioticos ; augmented by T. Digges, 1579, '90, 4to. "There is here a brief and good treatise on Arithmetic, and some Algebra of the school of Recorde aud Scheubel; but the gieater part of the work is on military matters." — Professor Dt MornatVs Arithmetical Bonks, ton., 1.S47, Svo. " A most excellent mathematician, a skilful architect, and a most expert surveyor of land." — Athen. Oion. Digges, Leonard, 15SS-1635, gr.andson of the pre- ceding, was educated at University College, Oxford. Ge- rardo: from the Spanish of Gon^alo de Cespades, Lon., 1622, 4to. The Rape of Proserpine; from the Latin of Claudian, 1628, 4to. His commendatory verses to Shaks- peare were prefixed to the works of the latter. See 1st folio, 1623; and Poems, 1640, Svo. " A great master of the English language, a perfect understandh-r of the French and Spanish, a good poet, and no mean orator." — Athen. Ozon. Digges, Thomas, d. 1595, son of the flrst-n.amed Leonard, and father of Leonard the younger and of Sir Dudley, is known chiefly as the editor of his father's work.s, but pub. several works of his own. A Geometrical Trea- tise named Pantometria, by Leonard and Thos. Digges, Lon., 1571, 4to; 1591, fol. Alse. sive Scalse Mathematics;, 1573, 4to. Stratioticos. See Digges, Leon.ird. Eng- land's Defence, 1680, fob Celestial Orbs, 1592, 4to. Hum- ble Motives, 1601, Svo. See Archajol., vol. vi. Nova Cor- pora Regularia, 1634, 4to. Digges commenced a number of works which were never finished, in consequence of his becoming entangled in lawsuits. The vexations to which he was thus subjected were too much for the philosopher's equanimity ; for after giving us a catalogue of six works which he had designed publishing, he thus breaks forth : '■ All these, and other, long sithens. the author had finished and published, had not the infernall furies, enuing such his tailicitie and happie soeietie with his mathematical muses, for many yeares I so tormented him with lawe-brables that he hath bene enforced to disconiinuc those his delectable studies.' See Bliss's ^Vood's Athen. itxou.; Stow's Sui'vey of London, i. 71.72, edit.. Lon., 1720; Biog. Brit. ; Brit. Bibliographer, where are some curious extracts fi-om his works. The mathematical genius of the various members of this family is remarkable. It is supposed that a spy-wlass was in their possession, the invention of which and the instru- ment itself were kept secret. "One of the most important names connected with the advance- ment of English mathematical science in the 16th century ia that of Digges." — Prof. De Morgan. Dighton, T. Kneeling at the Sacrament, 1618. Dignan, Browne, M.D. Ess,ay on the Political Principles of Public Economy, 1776, 12mo. Dikes, T. 1. Serm. 2." F. Penitentiary, 1811. Diligent, J. Log of the Cumberland, Svo. Diike, Charles Wentworth, b. 1789, the proprietor and for many years editor of the London Athenieum, was formerly a contributor to the Westminster and Retrospec- tive Reviews and other periodicals. In 1814 he edited a valuable collection of Old English Plays, in 6 vols. A notice of Mr. Dilke will be found in Men of the Time, Lon., 1853, also in Knight's Eng. Cyc. Dilke, Thomas. The Lover's Luck; a comedy, Lon., 1 696, 4to. The City Lady, or Folly Reclaimed ; a comedy, 1697, 4to. Dill, E. M., D.D. Ireland's Miseries; the Grand Cause .and Cure, Edin., 1852, 12mo. " This is a book that will attract much attention." Dillaway, Charles K., late principal in Boston Latin School, Mass., has pub. many useful educational works. Dillenius, John James, M,D., 1687-1747, an emi- nent botanist, a native of Darmstadt, settled in England, and became Prof, of Botany in the University of Oxford. Catalogus Plantarum, Ac," Francf., 1718, '19, Svo. An improved ed. of R.ay's Synopsis Stirpium Britannicarum, 1724. Hortus Elthamensis, Ac, Lon. and Oxf., 17.32, 2 vols. fol. " Est opus botanicum, quo absolutius mundum non vidit." — LiN'NJil'S. Historia Muscorum ; a general History of Land and Water, Ac. Mosses and Corals, Oxon., 1741, 2 vols. 4to. Dillenius came to England by the invitation of Dr. Wm. Sherard, who left £3000 to establish a botany professor- ship at Oxford, provided Dillenius should first fill the chair. See Biog. Brit. ; I'ulteney's Sketches of Botany in Eng.: Stoever's Life of Linnaeus; Rees's Cyc; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes. Dillingham, Eras. Theolog. treatises, 1699-1617. Dillingham, Wm., D.D. Theolog. and poet, works, 1661-1700. Dillingham, Wm. H., 1790-1854, a native of Lee, Berkshire CO., Mass., for many years a resident of Phila- delphia. Tribute to Peter Collinson. Address and Ora- tions before various societies, and many contributions to the periodicals of the day. Dillon, Lord. Rosaline de Vere; a Romance, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo. The Life and Opinions of Sir Richard Mal- travers, an English Gentleman of the 17th Century, 2 vols, p. Svo. " The original tone of thinking of these volumes cannot but cause them to be much read." — Neiv Month. Mag., 1822. Eccelino da Romano ; a Poem, Svo. "There is a richness of diction and origin.ality of idea such as would have claimed for the author a high reputation even in the best days of our national poetry." — Lon. NlVj Mmith. Maa., Sept. 1S2R. Dillon, Hon. Arthur. A Winter in Iceland and Lapland, Lon., 1840. 2 vols. ]). Svo. "These volumes, fall of information, historical and descriptive, are the result of a journey not less creditable to Mr. Dillon's lite- rary character than his courage. The history is a sort of sea ro- mance." — Lon. Athis. Dillon, Hon. Henry Augustus, Viscount, Col., and M.P. Letter rehitive to the Roman Catholics of Ire- land, Lon., 1S05, Svo. A Commentary on the Military Establishments and Defence of the British Empire, Lon., 18) 1, '12, 2 vols. Svo. Dillon, Sir J. Case of the Children of the Duke of Sussex elucidated ; a Juridical Exercitation, Lon., 1832, 4to ; of Sir A. d'Este. 1832, Svo. Dillon, John Joseph. Legal aud Political treatises, Lon., 18110-13. Dillon, John T. Travels through Spain, Lon., 1780, 4to. This wnrk treats of Natural History and Physical Geograjihy. Letters from Spain. 1781, 8vo. Artof Paint- ing, 1782, Svo. Survey of the S. Roman Empire, 1782, Svo. ' Hist, works, 1788, '90. Oxen for Tillage in competition with Horses, from the French of De Monray, with Notes, . 1796, Svo. SOS DIL " He labours bflrd. as all others on the same subject, to eKtablish :. fallacy, and a ctmtradiction to the ordinations of nature."— i>0- nal'h"n's AgricnU. Bi(jg. Dillon, R. C. Lectures on the 39 Articles, Lon., 12mu. (iLoasiunal Serms. Svo, 20 Serms. Svo. '•Good sp'^ciinens of the style of preaching; suited to a polished audienre." — Lon. Evangd. Mag. Dillou, Theobald. Military Plans, 1796. Dillon, Wentworth, Earl of Eoscommon. b. in Ire- ' land about 1633, d. 16!f-t. was a son of James, third Earl , of Roscommon, by Elizabeth Wentworth, sister of the great Earl of Strafford. He studied for some time at tlie Pro- ^ tcstant University of Caen, in Normandy, under Bochart, subsequently resided at Rome, returned to Ireland, and [ finally settled in London, where he was made master of the horse to the Duchess of York, and married the widow . of Colonel Courtney, a daughter to the Earl of Burlington. He died in 1684 of an attack of the gout, repeating with great energy at the moment of his departure two lines of his own version of Dies Iraj : " My God. my Father, and my Friend, Do not lbrs.ake me in my end!" Essay on Translated Verse, leSi, 4to. Works, 1700, Svo; with those of Rochester, 1709, Svo. New ed. of his Works, with an Essay on Poetry by the Earl of Mulgrave and Duke of Buckingham, together with Poems by Mr. Richard Duke, 1717, Svo. And his poems will be found in Johnson's and Chalmers's Collection of the Poets. They are few in number, but have considerable merit. His Es- say on Translated Verse and his trans, of Horace's Art of Poetry have been highly commended. But uo praise can be higher than that which Pope allows him — of being the only moral writer of King Charles's reign : " Unhappy Drydeo! in all Charles's days, Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays." "It was my Lord Roscommon's Kssay on Translated Verse which made me uneasy till I tried whether or no I w.is capable of follow- iug his rules, and of reducing the speculation into practice.'' — Drvden : Pref. to his AfisceUanie^. "In the writings of this nobleman we view the ima;;e of a mind naturally serious and solid ; richly furnished and adorned with all the ornaments of art and science: and those ornaments unaffect- edly disposed in the most regular and elegant order." — Fenton. "Of Roscommon's works the judgment of the pul-lic seems to be right. He is elegant, liut not great; he never labours after exquisite beauties, but he seldom falls into gross faults. His ver- DIS ticularlv such as the Ancients used to engrave on ; Phil. Ti:ans..'l747. Dingley, Somerville. App. to 14th ed. of Burns's Justice of the Peace, Lon., 17S5, Svo. Parish Officer's Companion, 17S6, 12mo. Dingley, Wm. Serm. Oxon., 1713, Svo. Dinmore, Kicliard. English Jacobins, 1796, Svo. Dinnies, Mrs. Anna Peyre, a daughter of Judge Shackleford of South Carolina, was married in 1830 to Mr. John C. Dinnies, then of St. Louis, now of New Or- leans. Mrs. Dinnies has contributed largely to the \ie- riodicals of the day under the signature of " Moina." In 1846 she pub. in a vol., entitled The Floral Year, " one hundred compositions arranged in twelve groups to illus- trate that number of bouquets gathered in the different months." '• Her pieces celelirating the domestic affections are marked by unusual gr.ace and tenderness, and some of them are worthy of the most elegant poets."— Dr. R. W. Griswold: Femixk Pods of America, q. v. for specimens of her compositions. " The holv fire of poesy burns pure and bright in her own heart, and she cherishes it to" illuminate and bless her own hearth." — Mrs. IlaU's Wumun's Kixirrd. Diusdale, Joshua. Serm., 1740, Svo. Dinsmore, Robert, b. 1757. in Windham, N.H. In- cidental Poems, accompanied with Letters and a few Select Pieces, mostly Original, Ac. ; with a Sketch of the Author's Life. Haverhill, Mass., 1828. Dinwooddie, Robertus. De Morbis Spontaneis ex Acido Humore oriuudus, Lugd. Bat., 1730, 4to. Dirom, Alex., Major, Ac. A Narrative of the Cam- paign in India, Lon., 1793. 4to. "A very amusing and entertaining dctiul of the operations which closed the late Indian war in 17tl2." Corn Laws; with a Supp. by W. Mackie, 1796, 4to. Plans for the Defence of G. Britain and Ireland, 1797, Svo. Dirrill, Charles. Shakspeare's Tempest, 1797. Disbrowe, J. Lett, to the Speaker of Pari., 1659, 4to. Disney, Alex. Christian Holiness, 1800. Disney, David, fiod's People, Edin., 1764. Disney, John, 1677-1730, an excellent magistral*, who turned diviue in 1719; Vicar of St. Mary, Notting- ham, 1722. Penal Laws, Lon., 1700, Svo. Primitte Sa- cra, 1701, Svo. View of Ancient Laws against Immo- siflcation is smooth, but rarely righteous, and his rhymes are re- , rality and Prophaneness, Camb., 1729, fol. : this is a new markably ex.act. Ue improved taste, if be did not enlarge know- ledge, and may be mentioned among the benefactors to English literature. ... He is perhaps the only correct writer in verse be- fore Addison." — Dr. John.wii's Life of 'Boscommon. " Roscommon not more learned than good, With manners generous as his noble blood ; To him the wit of Greece and Rome was known. And every author's merits but his own." — Pope. "Roscommon tills with elegant remark His verse as elegant; unspotted lines Flow from a mind unspotted as themselves." — Hurtlis's Vtlliige Curate. Dillwyn, Lewis W. Synopsis of the Brit. Confervse, Lon., 1802-09, 4to. Botanist's Guide through England and Wales ; by D. Turner and L. W. D. Cat. of Plants near Dover ; Trans. Linn. Soc, 1S02. Cat. of recent shells, 1817, 2 vols. Svo. See Lister, M.ietix, M.D. Dilworth, Thomas, d.l780. Book-Keeper's Assist, Svo; Schoolmaster's do., 12mo. Arithmetic, 12mo ; Com- | pendium of do. 1752, 12mo. Guide to English Tongue, 1761, 12mo. These were long popul.ar. Diinock, Henry. Serm., Oxf., 1783, 4to. Notes on the Psalms and Proverbs, Glouce.s., 1791, 4to ; do. on Ge- nesis, Exodus, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and the Minor Prophets, 1S04, 4to. "Almost entirely critical. . . . The work, on the whole,_ does credit to the learning of the author, and affords some aid in inter- preting the nible."— Orme's Bibl. Bib. Dimond, Wm., the Y"ounger,wrote a number of poems and dr.amatic pieces, 1800-13. See Biog. Dramat. Dirasdale, Thomas, Baron, M.D., 1718-1800, acele- brated inoculator for the small-pox, pub. several treatises upon the subject, 1767-SI, some of which formed part of a controversy between the author and M. Lettsom. See Blake, John. Dr. Dimsdale was created B,aron of the Empire by the Empress of Russia for his success in ino- culating her Majesty and the Grand Duke. See Gent. Mag.. Ixxi., Ixxxviii!, 209, 669. Dine, Wm. Poems on several occasions, 1771, Svo. Diuely, Sir John. Methods to get Husbands. Mea- sure in Words and Syllables, 1793, Svo, ed. of two Essays pub. 1708, '10, Svo. Genealogy of the House of Brunswick-Lunenburg, 1714. Flora, and the Tnans. of Mr. Gardiner, 3d ed., 1728, Svo. Serms., ic., 1711-27. Disney, John, D.D., 1746-1S16, Chaplain to Bishop Law, and Vicar of Swinderley, subsequently joined the Unitarians. He pub. many serins., theolog. treatises, Ac., 1781-1812. Memoirs of Dr. Sykes. 1785, Svo; of Dr. Jor- tin, 1792, Svo; of T. H. Ilollis. 1780, 2 vols., 4to; now ed., 180S, 4to. Serms., 179.3-1816, 4 vols. Svo. " The style is generally clear, perspicuous, and well suited to common capiicities."— Britisft Critic. Disney, John. Laws of Gaming, Horse Racing, Ac, Lon., 1806, '09, Svo. Abridgt. of Election Law, 1812, Svo. Acts of Parliament rel. to Co. and Bor. Elections, 1820, Svo. 6 Letters to Sir S. Romilly. resp. the Penal Laws, 1810, Svo. Dodson's Life of Sir M. Foster, 1S12, Svo. Disney, John. Museum Disneianum ; 3 ptirts, r. 4to, Lon., 1848-49. 127 Illustrations, engraved by George Mea- som, £4 lis. 6d. This fine collection is now in the Fitz- william Museum, Cambridge, England; it has been long known and prized by the Archajologist, and won the en- comiums of Flaxman, Westmacott, Sir H. Ellis, Ac. '• They are illustrat^"g•:;7,t^1'^/:friTJteHn bisart: and we may venture Deputation of Angels, Ibol, Svo. Divine Optics, 1655, ; ^^ , ^^ j^^^^,.^ j,^ ^,5 produced, as at once a prognostic and Svo. Thunder. 1668, 12mo. i aooomplishment of original invention,— that rare faculty in the Dingley, Robert. Gems and Precious Stones, par- gt-nius of this age." 604 DIS DIS " These Tolumos abound with passa;zes not surpassed for their beauty io our literature. Delicacy and sweetness are mingled with impressive eloquence and enertretic truth. The maRlc of the style simply consists in the emotions of the wiiter. He is a thinker who inaUeB others think ; and these volumes will be reperused at inter- vals with the delijiht of novelty." "We must allow that the author has copied with considerable f:delity the tone of drawing-room life, and transmitted to us with great truth, by means of a few felicitous stroke.s, a number of por- traits, which will easily be recognised as resemblances of living ori-^inals." — Lon. Mmithly Bet-ieiv, July, TS26. In 1826 Mr. Disraeli visited Italy and Greece. In 1831 ho was a candidate — un the Radical side — fur the borough of Wycombe, and he lust the election in two contests. He was a candidate in 18.35 as a Conservative for the borough of Taunton, and fared no better than before; but in 1S37 he was returned to Parliament as a Tory for the borough of Maidstone. In 1841 he was returned for Shrewsbury; in 18-13 he supported Peel, but in the three following sessions was his bitter opponent and an advocate of Protection. Upon the formation of Lord Derby's ministry in 1852, Disraeli became Chancellor of the Excheiiuer. and held that positipis's Note in D"d 1851, '53-54, ]2mu. Ornamental and Domestic Poultry, 1S4S. '5S, ]2mo. Dixon, Fletcher. Serm., '. Mora; Essays, a. I. et a. Dixon, John. Letters on Fisheries, 1802, 4to. Dixon, Joseph, M D, Con. to Med. Com., 1785. Dixon, Joseph, D.D., R.C. Archbishop of Armagh. A General Introduc. to the Sacred Scriptures j repub., Bal- timore, 1853, 2 vols. Svo. '■ Dr. Dixon has given us the first Catholic Introduction to Scnp- ture which has appeared in our language, and has pertbrmed his task in a manner that reflects high credit on the office which he holds, and the place in which he occupies it,"' — Dublin Jievietv. Dixou, Joshua, M.D. The Literary Life of Wm. Brownrigg, M.D.. ISUl, Svo. Dixon, Joshua. Church Catechism Illustrated, 6th ed., Lon., 1S41, 18mo. It contains 4000 Scripture refer- ences, and is an invaluable assistant to the Suuday-sehool teacher. Rcimb. in Boston. Revised and adapted to the Liturgy of the Church in America by Rev. George A. Smith. Dixon, R. Law relative to Title Deeds and other Docu- ments, Lon., 1S26, 2 vols. Svo. New Code relating to Real Property, 1827, Svo. Dixon, Richard. Serm., 1812, 4to. Dixon^ Robert, D.D. Consnnguinity and Affinity, Lon., H374. Svo. Nature of the two Testaments, 1676, fol. Dixon, Robert. Canidia, or the Witches, a (Poetical) Rhapsody in five parts, Lon., 1682, "83, 4to. Dixon, Robert. Norfolk Scenery, ISlO, '11, 4to. Dixon, Roger. Consultum Sanitatus; a Directory to Health, Lon., 1663, 12mo. Advice to the Poor, 1665, 4to. Dixon, Thomas. See Dicksox. Dixon, William. Vegetable Balls Found in a Lake in Yorkshire ; Phil. Trans., 1751. Dixon, William. Distillation from Corn, 1811, Svo, Dixon, Wm. Hepworth, of the Inner Temple, b. 1821, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, settled in London in 1846, and soon became known by his writings in pe- riodical works. Appointed editor of the Atbenieum in 1853. John Howard and the Prison-World of Europe, Lon., 1850, 12mo; 3d ed., 1850, 12mo ; 5th ed., 1854, fp. "A Life of Howard was certainly wanted, and our author nas proved himself competent to execute the task." — Lo7i. AUiena-um. "Adventures more extraordinary it is impossilile to conceive; and they are recounted by Mr. Dixon with a succinctness, simpli- city, and animation, that'leave nothing to be desired. The book is more interestin;; than any romance." — Lou. D. Ktics. The London Prisons, Ac., 1850, fp. Svo. "These volumes relate to kindred subjects; and are written by one who is iu every way calculated to do justice to his theme. We only express our calm .and settled conviction, when we state it as our opinion, that no works of equal interest, on the same subject, have .-^een the light in our day."~X"W. Evangelical Mugazme. William Penn, a Historical Biog., with an extra chapter on the "Macaulay Charges," 1851, p. Svo; 3d ed., 1856. " His style is [;ood and easy. There is life in his narrative and vigour in his descriptions." — Edin. Hrview. "As a biography the work has claims of no common order. ■Within the compass of a single volume Mr. Dixon has compressed a great variety of facts, many original, and all skilfully arranged so as to produce an authentic moral portrait of his hero. The lite- rary merits of the volume include great research, and a narrative at once consecutive and vivid." — Lon. Athen., 1851, S46, and 1856. Robert Blake, Admiral and General at Sea: based on Family and State Pai)er9, 1852, 12mo ; 2d ed,, 1858. "The subject is noble; and Mr. Dixon lias treated it with rare vigour, spirit, and conscientiousness." — Lon. Leader. The French in England : Both Sides of the Question on Both Sides of the Channel, 1852. "The author wields a skilful pen, and tells his story with true historical fervour."— Xon. Ocnt. Mag. BOA Doanc, Aiipiistiis Sidney, M.D.. 1S0S-1S52, a na- tive of Boston, Mdss., removed to New York in 1830, where he resided until his death. An edit, of Good's Study of Medicine. Trans, of Maygrier on Midmfory, Dupuytren's Surgery, Lugol's Scrofulous Disease?, Bayle's Descriptive Anatomy, Blaudin*s Topographical Anatomy, Meckel's Anatomy, Scoutctten on Cholera, Ricord on Syphilis, Chaussier on the Arteries, &c. Contributions to Surgery Illustrated, and to sundry medical journals. See a bio- graphical notice of tins learned physician in The Interna- tional Mag., V. 427, N. York, 1S62. Doanc, George Washington, D.D., LL.D., b. in Trenton, Now Jersey, 1799, graduated at Union College, Schenectady, at lU; ordained Deacon by Bishop Ilobart, 1821; Priest, 1823; Rector of Trinity Church, New Y<-rk, for three years. In 1824 he was appointed Professor uf Belles Lettres and Oratory in Washingtf)n College, Con- necticut. In 1S28 he resigned that office, and soon after assumed the charge of Trinity Church, Boston. In 1832 he was consecrated Bishop of the Diocese of New Jersey. He pub. a collection of poetical pieces in 1824, entitled Songs by the Way, and he has from time to time given to the world a number of theological treatises, discourses, Ac. A collection of his Sermons and Charges was pub. in Lon- don in 1842, 8vo. Some of Bishop Doane's poems have been greatly ad- mired. Dobbin, Orlando T.,LL.D., Trinity College, Dublin. Tentamen Auti-Straussiauum : The Antiquity of the Gos- pels asserted on Philolugic.il Orouiuls in Refutation of the Mythic Scheme of Dr. David Frederick Strauss: an Argu- ment, Lon., 1845, 8vo. •■ A work in no lommon deffree acute, learned, eloquent, and — what is rarer still in a region so often traversed — original." — Church of Ireland Mag. '* It leaves Dr. Strauss without a loophole whereby to escape, and establishes most unanswerably the antiquity of the Gospels.'' — Cfiurch and .Sfafe Guzdtc. " Complete, conclusive, and unansweralile." — Christ. Examiv'ir. The Sabbath of Heaven, Lon., 1849. 8vo. Dobbs, Arthur, d. 1765, Governor of N. Carolina, 1753. Trade and Improvement of Ireland, Dubl.,1729,8vo. '•This essay contains some iuterestinj^ statements respecting the trade and population of Ireland, and its state at the period to wbifh it refers.'" — McCuUoch's Lit. nf PuUt. E<:'m. Captain Middleton's Defence, 1744, 8vo. Countries ad- joining to Hudson's Bay. 1744, Svo. Several tracts were elicited by this work. Sec Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and Eieh's Bibl. Anier. Nova, anno 1754. Dobbs, Francis. The Patriot King, a Trag., 1774, 8vo. Universal Hist., Lon., 1787, 4 vols. 12mo; Summary of do., 1SU9, 9 vols. Svo. Other works. Dobbs, Richard. Serm., 1762, 8vo. Dobel, D. Primitive Christianity propounded; or an Essay to revive the ancient mode or manner of Preaching the Gospel, Lon., 1755, Bvo. Mr. Dobel insists that rcail- ing sermons is not ■preaching. See Lon. Monthly Rev., xii. 240, 1755. Dobell, John. Selec. of 700 Hymns, 1812, Bvo j later eds. Baptism, 1807. Humanity, 1812, 8vo. Dobell, Peter. Travels in China, Siberia, and Kamts- chatka, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. •' Full of curious facts, of new and interesting: accounts of coun- tries known to us very imperfectly, and in many particulars not known at all." — Lon. Spectator. Dobie, A, English styles for Scotch Law practice, Lon., 1824, 8vo. Dobuey, J. T. Devotion for Schools, 3d ed., Lon., 1846. Dobson's Dry Bobs, 1610, 4to. A copy is among Ca- pell's Shaksperiana at Trinity CuUcge, Cambridge. Dobson, John. 1. Dr. Pierce. 2. Serm., 1663, 70. Dobson, Joshua. Serm., 1747, 8vo. Dobson, Matthew, M.D., d. 1784. Medical Comment, on Fixed Air, Lon., 1779, Svo ; 2d ed. by W. Falconer, M.D., 1785, Svo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778 ; Phil. Trans., 1774-81. Dobson, Robert, M.D. Profes. treatises, 1770, '75. Dobson, Mrs. Susannah, wife of Matthew Dobson, M.D. Life of Petrarch, from the French of the Abb^ de Bade, Lon., 1775. 2 vols. Svo : Diibl, 1777. 12mo; Lon., 1840, Svo. Literary Hist, of the Troubadours, Lou., 1779, Svo; 1307; Ancient Chivalry, 1784, Svo; both from the French of St. Palaye. Traus. of Petrarch's View of Hu- man Life, 1791, Svo. A Dialogue on Friendship and Society. Dobson, W, S, R. Hooker's Works, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. Svo. Dobson, Wm. Prussian Campaignj a Poem, 1758. DOD Dobson, M'm. Kunoptodia; a Practical Essay on Breaking or Training the English Spaniel or Pointer, 1814. Svo. Dobyns, John. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1728. Dochant, (-eorge. Catechism, Lou., 165;l, 12mo. Docharty, G. B. Institutes uf Algebra, New York, 1852, 12mo. ■■ Professor rocharty presents the topics of Algebra in a natural order, and with threat clearness of statement tbmu'^hout. \Vy cuu cnmmend this bonk to the careful examination of teachers." — Methodist Quarterly Review. Institutes of Arithmetic, 1854, 12mo. Dockirray, Thomas. Serms., 1743, '54. Docultrce, Amoo. Game of Ruwlet. Lon., 1774. Docura, Ann. Apostate Conscience, Lon., 1700. Dod, Charles Roger, 1793-1855, originally in- tended lor tlio bar. For thirty-seven years he was con- nected with the journals of London, and for twenty-three 3'ears he was connected with the Times newspaper. He superintended the reports of the debates in Parliament, and wrote the memoirs of the most distinguished persons who died during that time, for the same jourual. The Parliamentary Companion, 1855 : 24th year. Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage, 1855 : 15th year. "The best publication of this kiud that we have seen." — West- minster Hev. Annual Biography. Electoral Facts. 1832-52 ; new ed., 1853. Manual uf Dignities and Precedence, 1842, '44. Dod, II. Psalms and Songs, Lon., 1620. Svo. Dod, John, 1547-1645, Rector of Fawesley, 1624, is generally called The Decalogist, from his Comment, on the ' Ten Commandments. Although a Puritan, he was a zeal- ous Royalist. Expos, of the Ten Commandments by Dod and Rubt. Cleaver, Lon.. 1606, 4to; 1626; 8th ed., 1632. Serms., 1614, 'IS, '21. Expos, of the Book of Proverbs, by Dod. Robt. Cleaver, and Wm. Flinde, 1606, 4to; 1611. Expos, of the Lord's Prayer, 1635, fol. "John Dod was by nature a witty, by industry a learned, by grace a ^odlv, divine."— i^«//t:rs Worthies of Cheshire. " He was in learning excelled by few ; and in noaffetted piety by none. He was particuiarly emiuent for his knowledge of the He- brew language, whi'-h he taught the famous John Gregory of Christ Church, in Oxford.*— Granger. Dod, John, Serm., Lon., 1777, Svo. Dod, Uev. Marcus. On the Incarnation of the Eternal Wnrd. New ed., with a Notice by the late Rev. Thomas Cliiilniers. D.D. Dod, Pierce, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1729^3. Dod, Samuel, Serm., Lon., 1714, 4to. Dod, Thonijus. Serm., Oxou., 1717, Svo. Dodd, A. Charles. The Contrast; strictures on Dr. Price's Addit. Observ. on Civil Liberty, Ac, Lon., 1777, Svo. " A very illiberal and indecent performance." — Lon. Monthly Herifw. ; Dodd, C. E. Law of Elections, Lon., 1826, Svo. Dodd, Charles, or Richard Tootle, d. about 1745, a Roman Catholic priestand historian, residing at Harving- ' ton, Wurcesturshiro, was the author of The Church Hist. I of England, 1500-1688, the labour of thirty years. It bears the imprint of Brussels, (1737, '39, '42, 3 vols, fol.,) \ but is supposed to have been printed at Wolverhampton, j Staffordshire. This work was furmerly entirely neglected, I but within the last few years has been sold fur as high aa ' £10 10s. The publication uf a new ed. by the Rev. M. A. I Tierney, with Notes, Additions, and Continuation, tu be ! comprised in fourteen vols. Svo, was commenced in 1839, I and its completion was promised by the end of 1842. It ' is now thirteen years later, (1855,) and but 5 vols, have ap- peared, 1830-43. v(d. 5th being supplemental to Dodd, and written by Mr. Tierney. Whence the delay ? The pub- lication price of the new ed. was 12*., small paper j 21^., large paper, per vol. " A book of rare occurrence, and interesting chiefly to the curious in biography. It was published as an antidote to Burnet, and is avowedly written as a defence of the Komau Catholics. Theauthor was a caustic and not unqualitied writer. His love of ridicule is apparent: his reliectious upon some of our early Reformers are sometimes both unfounded and severe."— J»i6cfiM's Library Ct^n- vanion. '* It is verv rare and curious. Much of our own domestic history is interwoven in that of the fugitive papists, and the materials of this work are frem the latter by the Italic character. By this method it is impossible to read the paraphrase without the te.xt; and every one may immediately see. not only the particular clause to which any explication answers, but. also, what are the words of the ori- ginal, and what merely the sense of the commentator. Nor was our author content with barely inserting the old translation, but gave an entire new version of the whole Testament, the merit and usefulness of whji^h will in many resperts be acknowledged. This translation was extracted from the paraphrase, and published in 1765, in two volumes 12mo, with some alterations and improve- ments by the editor, together with an introduction, and a number of very short not^^s." — Dr. Kippis, in Biog. Brit. Dr. Isaac Watts thus speaks of our author, in a letter to Rev. Mr. Longueville of Amsterdam, who wrote to Dr. Watts respecting a translation of some of Doddridge's works in the Dutch tongue: " I have no need to give you a large account of his knowludge in the sciences, in which I confess him to be greatly my superior; and as to the doctrines of divinity and the gospel of Christ, 1 know not any man of greater skill than himst-lf and hardly one sufficient to be his second. . . . If you have read that excellent performance of his, the Kis« and Progress, Ac, you will be of my mind." For the latter production Doddridge received the thanks of many eminent divines, and the Duchess of Somerset thus writes to the author respecting it: '• I may with truth as.sure you, that I never was so deeply affected with any thing I ever met with as with that book; and 1 could not be e;isy till I had given one to every servant in my house." The Family Expositor has been translated into almost every European language. At St. John's College, Cam- bridge, the Evidences of Christianity has long been used as a text-book. " No single work is e^ual to the admirable course of lectures by Dr. Doddridge." — Simpson. '■ And first, as an universal storehouse, necessary to the student in the conduct of hia theological pursuits, Doddridge's Lectures. [On the Principal Subjects in i'neumatology. Ethics, and Divinity."] Bp. of Durham's Chary. '* I scarcely know a more useful book." — Dr. Parr: notice of Uie same tvork. The Practical Discourses on Regeneration " Are distinguished by the amiable and excellent author's wonted clearness of statement and aflectionate earnestness of persuasion.'' — Dr. Ralph W.\rdlaw. .Sermons on the Power and Grace of Christ. " 1 have read them with much pleasure and improvement; they are excellent." — Bp. M'arbirton. " After all, the young composer may find the popular sermons of Dr. Doddridge more improving models. He excels in distinct- ness and scripture phraseology." — Dr. K. "Wiluams. " His Family Expositor is a masterly work. This admirable com- mentary is in the lists of books recommended by Bishops Watson and Tomline, and almn.st every other theological tutor. The Har- mony of the four Gospels is acknowledged to be executed with great judgment, independently of the very valuable e.xposition and notes that accompany it." — T. U. Horne. Mr. Orme remarks: " Of a book so well known and so generally esteemed as the Family Expositor, it is scarcely necessary to speak. It is admirably adapted to the otject which the author had chiefly in view; and no book can be read in a Christian family with more advantage. . . . The translation frequently corrects the received version ; Ijut the paraphrase is often too diffuse, and in the notes he sometimes discovers an anxiety to press a fine thought into the meaning of the sacred writer. I'lis Harmony, which must have cost him great lalmur. is often unsatisfactory, has too many transpositions, and is not so judicious in the arrangement as Macknight's." '" Of all our author's writings, the Family Expositor is the most important and valu.able." — Dr. Kippis. Dr. Dibdin declares that *' The Family Expositor should find a place upon the shelf and upon the table of every mansion where the moral duties of a Chris- tian are enjoined. Doddridge's heart was made up of all the kind- lier feelings of our nature, and was wholly devoted to the salvation of men's souls. Whatever he did, he appears to have done to the glory of God." " His character and writings will long continue to be revered and honoured by all who prefer scriptural truth to human sys- tems.'" — MORELL. Dr. Francis Hunt, Regius Professor at Oxford, bears tes- timony to the excellence of the Rise and Progress, and Archdeacon Wrangham wrote thirteen practical sermons founded upon that work. ■'In reading the New Testament, I recommend Doddridge's Family Expositor as an impartial interpreter and faithful monitor. Other expositions and commentaries might be mentioned, greatly to the honour of their respective authors, for their several excel- lencies: such as, elegance of exposition, acuteness of illustration, and copiousness of erudition: but 1 know of no expositor who unites so m.any advantages, whether you regard the fidelity of his version, the fulness and per.'ipicuity of his composition, the utility of his general and historical information, the impartiality of his doctrinal coainients. or lastly, the piety and pastoral earnestness of his moral and religious applications. He has made, as he pro- fesses to have done, ample use of thu commentators that preceded him; and, in the explanation of grammatical difficulties, he h.as profited much more fiom the philologii.-jil writers on the G reek Te.s- tament than could almost have been expected in so multifarious an undertaking .as the Family Expositor."— Barbington. Bish'^'p of Durham. " Doddridge is now my prime favourite among divines." — Th^ Sev. Robert HalVs Letters. " He was author of one of the finest epigrams in the English language. It is in Orton's life of him. The subject is his femily motto. ■ DuTn. vivimus vivamus.' whicli. in its primary signification, is, to be sure, not very suitable to a Christian divine; but ho para- phrased it thus: * Live while you live, the Epicure would say, And seize the pleasures of the present day. Live while you live, the sacred Pnacher cries, And give to God each moment as it flies. Lord, in my views let both united be; I live in pleasure, when I live to thee.'" — Dr. Johnson. Dr. Doddridge's works are: 1. Sermon after a Fire, on Amos iv. 11, 1782, 8vo. 2. Ten Sermons on the Power and Grace of Christ; or, Evidences of his glorious Gospel, 1736, 12mo. 3. Absurdity and Wickedness of Per.-ccution for Conscience' sake ; a Sermon on Luke ix. 55, 56. 1 736, 8vo. 509 DOD 4. Sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5, 1737. Svo. 5. Sermon on 2 Kings iv. 26, 1737,Svo. 6. Sermon. Northampton. 1738. 7. Dis- course at the Interment of the Kev. J. Newton, Lon., 1741, Svo. 8. The Evil and Banger of Neglecting the Souls of Men ; a Sermon, Lon., 1742, Svo. 9. Compassion to the Sick Recommended and Urged j a Sermon on Ps. xli. 1-3. 10. On the Flight of the Rebels; a Sermon on Luke i. 74, V5, 1746, 8vo. 11. Four Sermons on the Religious Educa- tion of Children, 1743, Svo. 12. Funeral Sermon on 2 Kings iv. 26, 1737, Svo. 13. Eighteen Practical Sermons on Regeneration ; to which are added 2 Sermons on Salva- tinn by Grace through Faith. 14. On occasion of a second Shock of an Earthquake ; a Serm. on Matt- xi. 23. 24, 1750, Svo. 15. Tracts, 1761, 3 vols. 12mo. 16. Of the Evidences of Christianity, in Answer to Christianity not Founded on Argument, Lon., 1742, '43, Svo. 17. Three Letters to the Author of Christianity not Founded on Argument, Lon., 1743, Svo. IS. A Sermon on the Heroic Death of Colonel James Gardiner, Lon., 1746, Svo. 19. Some remarkable passages in the Life of Col. James Gardiner, from his birth, January 10, 1 6S7, to his death, in the Battle of Prestonpan, September 21, 1745; with an Appendix relating to the ancient family of the Munroes of Fowlis, Svo. Several editions. 20. The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul. Lun., 1750, 12mo. The most popular of his detached works. It has gone through numerous editions, and has been translated into the Dutch. German, Danish, and French languages. 21. A Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1750, Svo. 22. Hymns, Salop, 1755, Svo. 23. The Family Ex- positor; or a Paraphrase and Version of the New Testa- ment, with Critical Notes and Practical Improvements, Lon., 1760-62, 6 vols. 4to. The same, with his Life by Dr. Kippis, Lon., 1S08, 4 vols. 4to, or 6 vols. Svo. New ed., 1840, 4 vols. Svo; and 1839, imp. fol. This masterly work has been often reprinted. An abridgment of it was published by the late Rev. S. Palmer, entitled The Family Expositor abridged, according fo the plan of its Author; containing his Version, and the most useful Explanatory Notes, with Practical Reflections at the end of each Sec- tion entire, 2 vols. Svo. 24. Course of Lectures, published after his Death, by the Rev. Samuel Clarke, 1763, 4to. Republished by Kippis, with very extensive and valuable additions, Lou., 1794, 2 vols. Svo. 25. Of a Person who had no Ear for Music, naturally singing several times when in a delirium, Phil. Trans., 1747. 26. Of a Wether giving Suck to a Lamb: and of a Monstrous Lamb, lb. AVe also notice: Memoirs of his Life, Character, and Writings, Salop, 1766, Svo. His whole works by D.Wil- liams and the Rev. E. Parsons, Leeds, 1802, 10 vols. r. Svo, £6. Sermons to Young Persons; new edit., Lon., 1803, 12mo. Sermons, 1826, 4 vols. Svo. Private Correspond- ence and Diary, 1829, 5 vols. Svo. *' These volumes must rank with our first English classics, and must go down to posterity as specimens of the English languai^e rarely surpassed." — Lon. Evangel. Mag. Miscellaneous Works, with an Introdue. Essay by the Rev. T. Morell, 1S39, imp. Svo. See also The Life and Labours of Doddridge by John Stoughton, Lon., 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852. We do not feel willing to conclude this article without quoting a few more testimonies to the value of the writings of this truly excellent man : '•All Dr. Doddridge's addresses to his fellow-sinners breathed at once the ardour of piety, and the tendeiness of benevolence, by which that spirit, under the guidance of a sound and divinely- enlightened understanding, was ever animated.'' — Db. Wardlaw. "Clearness of thought, unaffected learning, fidelity to the souls of men. and deep and chastened devotion, chamcterize the sermons of Dr. Doddridge." '* The Family Expositor is a very judicious work. It has long been highly esteemed, and is worthy of all the credit it has among religious people." — Dr. Adam Claree. '* In the critical part of the New Test.iment. I know of none bet- ter than Hammond or M'hltby : and for the harmony, commentary, and short notes, Doddridge will prove most useful." — Knowles. " It is unnecessary to speak its prai-se. Hervey thought he occa- sionally leaned to the trimming side: but whnis unexceptionable? Perhaps there is more feebleness than positive trimming in his doctrinal statement." — Bickcrsteth's Chrv^tian Siudent. The same writer thus refers to the Course of Lectures on Pneumatology, Ethics, and Divinity, with Lectures on Preaching : " y\ uch may be learned from this learned and devout writer : he has maijy judicious criticisms on different authors; but there is a tone of excessive canduur. bordering upnn Latitudinarianism. espe- cially in giving too great weight to objections, when treating upon the Evidences and Doctrines. His criticisms on theological writers in his preaching Lectures, not duly respecting Evangelical Doctrine, fail in discrimination. See his Criticisms on Tillotson, Barrow, Atterbury." — BiCKEitSTETH, ubi supra. Sir James Stonehouse remarks, in his Correspondence, that Doddridge's three Sermons on the Evidences of the Uospel, and his Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul, BOD particularly, were of great use in removing his prejudices against Christianity, and forming him to the love and prac- tice of religion. We may give another instance of the benefit resulting from the Sermons on the Evidences of Christianity: _ '* It gave the author singular pleasure to know that these ser- mons were the means of convincing two gentlemen, of a liberal education and distinguished abilities, that Christianity was true and divine; and one of them becjime a zealous preacher, and an ornament of the religion he had once denied and despised." — Mid- dleiim's Evavgd. Bing. The Sermons on the Evidences are pub. by the London Tract Society for 3rf. Mcllvaine's Evidences of Chris- tianity is one of the best manuals on the subject, and has been the means of convincing many skeptics of the truth of the Gospel. Such books should be widely circulated among unbolievors, or those who have lingering doubts upon this all-important subject. "Doddridge was a. burning and shining liirht which, in days of more than ordinary coldne.ss. Divine Providence was pleased to enkindle, in order to impart both warmth and illumination to the professing Christian world."— Bishop .Tebb. Dodds, James. A Century of Scottish History, Svo. "It displays much judgment and discrimination." — Wiine&s. Dodgson, Charles, D.D., d. 1795, Bishop of Ossory, 1765; trans, to Elphin, 1775. Serms., 1761, '6S. Dodington, George Bubb, Lord Melcombe, 1691- 1762, a statesman of considerable notoriety in his day, is best knownbyhisDiary, 1749-61, pub. by Mr. H. P. Wynd- haui, Lon., 1785, Svo; 1823. "The Diary of Dodington, Lord Melcombe, must by no me.ins be negle*"ted, for by its means we are allowed a slight glance into the intrigues and' cabals of the times. It is generally amusing, and sometimes important." — Prof. SmyOt's Led. on Mod. Hist. "An admirable picture of himself, and an instructive lesson for future statesmen." — Edin. Revicio. Dodington pub. some poetical and political pieces j see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. "Mr. Dodington has written some very pretty love-verses, which have never been published."— Lord Littelton: Note to an Eclogue entiilal Hope, inscribed to Dodington. Dodington, J, Govt, of France, Lon., 1657. Dodritius, J, Acta in Comitiis Parliamentaribus, Londini, Anno MDXCIIL. Contra Catholicos etPuritanos, 1593, Svo. Dods, John Bovee, b. 1795, in the State of N. York. 1. Thirty Sermons. Svo. 2. Philosophy of Mesmerism. 3. Philosophy of Electrical Psychology. 4. Immortality Triumphant, &c. 5. Spirit Manifestations Examined and Explained, N. Y., 1854. " No one whose mind is given to an investigation of the matter, should neglect the perusal of this volume. It is both curious and instructive." — Geo, Riplev. Dods, Mrs. Margaret. The Cook and Housewife'^ Mannnl. 10th ed., Edin., 1853. 12mo. " A valuable compendium of culinary knowledge." — Edinburgh Oournnt. "The book is really most excellent miscellaneous reading." — Blackioood's Magazine. Dodsley, Robert, 1703-1764, abookseller and author of considerable note, a native of Mansfield, Nottingham- shire, was an apprentice to a tradesman, and subsequently a footman. In 1732 he pub. a volume of poems under the title of The Muse in Livery, or the Footman's Miscellany. His next essay in literature was a dramatic piece entitled The Toy Shop, the MS. of which he sent to Pope for his perusal and opinion. The great poet saw the merit of the production, recommended the piece to Mr. Rich, the mana- ger of Covent-garden Theatre, and became henceforth the author's friend and patron. Dodsley now determined to set up a bookstore, and his success proved that he had not been too sanguine in his expectations. He soon gave to the world two more dramatic pieces. The King and the Miller of Mansfield, and The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green. In 1741 he commenced the Weekly Register, of which 24 numbers were pub. A Select Collection of Old Plays, edited by Thomas Coxeter, 1744, 12 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., by Isaac Reed, 1780. 12 vols. cr. Svo. Many copies of this ed. were destroyed by fire. A few copies, large paper, were printed, which have been sold at very high prices. New ed.. with oddit Notes and Corrections by Isaac Reed, 0. Gilchrist, and the editor, J. P. Collier, {q. v.) 1825-27, 12 vols. cr. Svo. This collection contains sixty of the best and scarcest of the old English Plays, beginning with the Moralities or Mysteries. Much valuable information is interspersed throughout the volumes. " We may here perceive how this noble generation of poets, some of whose names are not familiar to us, have moulded our language with the images of their tancy, and strengthened it by the stability of their thoughts."— DisaAEU. " Xo species of Fiction is so delightful as the Old English Drama; even its inferior productions possess a charm not to be found in any other kind of Poetry." — T. B. Macaulay. DOD The Preceptor, 17-tS, 2 vols. Svo. This is a collection of miscellaneous pieces. Dr. Johnson furnished the Preface, anil The Vision of Theodore the Hermit. Trifles, 1748; A Collection of Dodslcy's dramatic pieces. The CEconomy of Human Life, 1751, Svo; several eds. This excellent moral work, written by Dodsley, was attributed to Lord Chesterfield. Public Virtue, 175.1, Svo, by Dodsley. The .\nnual Register, commenced in 175S at the suggestion of Edmcsd Bijuke, iq. V.) who had charge of it for some time. It is still pub. In this year he produced at Covent-gnrdcn Theatre his tragedy of Cleone, of which Johnson said that " if Otway h,ad written it, no other of his pieces would have been remembered." Fables of Esop. Ac, 1760. A Collec- tion of Poems by several hands, 1763, 6 vols. Svo. Fugi- tive Pieces, 1765, 2 vols. Svo. To the periodical entitled The World, established by Dodsley and Moore, the former contributed No. 32. Miscellanies : Cleone, Melpomene, Ac., 1772. Dodsley purchased of Johnson in 1738, London, (his first original composition, pub. in a vol.) for ten guineas ; and in 1749 gave him fifteen guineas for The Vanity of Human Wishes. Dodslcy's Poems, which possess great merit, are pub. in vol. xv. of Chalmers's Collection of the Poets, and the reader will find inleresting particulars con- cerning him in the Biog. Brit., and in Boswell's Life of Johnson. Dodson, James. The Antilogarithmic Canon, 1742, fol. Mathemat. Repository, Lon., 1748-55, .3 vols. 12mo. Dodson, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 16SS, 4to. Dodson, John, LL.D. Dalrymple Case, Lon., 1811, Svo. Admiralty Reports. T. T. 1811 to E. T. 1S22, Lon., 1815-28, 2 vols. Svo. Dodson's reports were continued by Dr. Haggard. Dodson's were a continuation of Edwards's. Dodsou, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1720, '28. Dodson, Michael, 1732-1799, an English lawyer. New trans, of Isaiah, with Notes supplementary to those of Dr. Lowth. ".™''"''V'f H^Jolt , dom would siuh lor, in a life like Methu..alem s. with a throat a vard lonR. and prilate all the nay.' "—Lon. Lady s Mag. ' Dolby, Thomas. The Shaksperian Dictionary, Lon., 1832. Svo and 12mo. An excellent book. _ Doleman, John. Trans, of tho Questions of Cicero, ^'''Dolc'man, Nic or Robert. See Parross, Robert. Doler, Sir Daniel. Charges to Grand Junes, Lon., 1625, '26. Dolland. See Doi.lond. „...„,•> Dollman, Francis T. Examples of Ancient Pnlpits cxistiu- in England, Lon., 1840, r. 4to ; 30 plates, three of which are highly finished in colours, restored accurately from the existing indications. DoUond, John, 1708-1761, the discoverer of the laws of the dispersion of light, anil the inventor of the achro- matic tclescoi.e. lie pub. a number of papers on telescopes, Ac. iu Phil. Trans., 1753, '58. Dollond, Peter, 1730-1820, son of the preceding. Account of the Discovery made by John Dollond, ke.. Lon., 1789 4to. Con. to Phil. Tran.5. on Light, Ac, 1772, '79, '95. Dolman, Nic. or Robert. See Parsons, Robert. Domekins, George Peter. Philosophia; Mathe- matics Newtonian* IlUistrata;, Lon., 1730. 2 vols. Svo. Domerham, Adam de. Historica de Rebus Gestis Glastoniensibus, Edit. Th. Hearne, Oxon., 1727, 2 vols. 8to. Domelt, Philobeth. Serm., 1741, Svo. Doraier, >Vm., M.D. Observ. on Malta as a place for invalids. Lon., 1810, Svo. „ , . t ,-oo Dominicet, R., M.D. Water Baths, Ac, Lon., li SO, 8to Medical Anecdotes of the last 30 years, illustrated with Medical Truths, 1781, Svo. AmpthUl Medicine Baths, 1788, Svo. Dominick, Andrew, D.D. Serm., 1662, 4to. Don, David. Prodromus Flora; Nepalensis; Plants in Nepal and adjacent Countries, 1S25, 12mo. Th contains systematical descriptions in Latin of 371 gene and 864 species of plants. At the end is an Index, wi reference to the Linna>an classes and orders. >■ An exceedingly useful work."— ^Vf i'«o/ Literattirc and FaiJam. Don, George. System of G.ardening and Botany, Lon., 1831-38, 4 vols. r. 4to, pp. 3250 ; jnany illustrations. This invaluable work, founded on Miller's Gardener's Dic- tionary, although pub. at £14 S«. per copy, and costing in paper and piint"alone upwards of £8, can now be had for about thirty shillings. The excellence of the work need not bo enlarged upon. Every oue who has a garden or field should have Don's Dictionary. Don, James. Hortus Cautabrigieusis ; 13th ed. by P. N. Don, Lon.. Svo. This edition includes the additions and improvements of the former editors, Pursh, Lindley, and Sinclair. Donald,James. LandDrainage,&c.,Lon.,lS51,12mo. "A most valuable addition to the former treatises on draining: the author shows a true practice, and a large comprehension."— Xt07iaUhnn's AgrirnU. Hiog. ,, . , , Donald, Robert. New System of National and Practical Agriculture, Guilford, 1822, 12ino. Written in hexameter verse ! Other pieces are included. " The poetry is nothing, but the practical ideas perfectly sound and correct." — Ubi supra. Donaldson. Picktooth for Swearers, or a Looking- glass for Atheists and Prophane Persous, Edin., 1698, 12mo. In verse. Donaldson, James. Tilling and Manuring tho Groundin ScolLand,Edin.,1697.12mo. Husbandry Anatom- ized. Lon., 1697. 12mo. Highly commended by Scotch agricultural writers. Donaldson, James. Modern Agriculture, Edin., 1793-96, 6 vols. Svo. Other agricnlt. works. " lie treats the subjects that come under his view in a very judi- cious and cnli;htonrd manner."— Don.i!rfs(m's Agrioidl.Biog.,q.v. Donaldson, John, 1737-lSOl, an artist, a native of Edinburgh. Elements of Beauty, Ac, Edin., 1780, Svo. Vol. of Poems. Donaldson, John. Works on Political Economy. &c., 1790-96. 512 BON Donaldson, Professor John, ,an eminent agricul- turist. Treatise on Manures and Grasses, Lon., 1842, 8vu; 2d cd., 1846, Svo. ■■ liy far the best treatise on manures that has appeared. —Lmir dons Gurdener's Mag., April, 1842. Cultivated Plants of the Farm, 1847, 12mo. The Ene- mies to Agriculture, 184S, 12mo. Land Steward and Farm Bains', 1848, Svo. Bayldon's Art of Valuing Rents and Tillages ; 5th ed. rewritten and enlarged by J. Donaldson, '•rewritten by one of the best practical agriculturists in the country." — Gardener's Mag. _ "This work should be read by every one having an interest in the soil, whether as landlord, tenant, or agent." — Mark Lane Express, Improved Farm Buildings, with 72 designs, 1851, 4to. Clay Lands and Loamy Soils, 1852, 12mo. Soils and Ma- nures, 1852, 12mo. Agricultural Biography, 1480-1854, Lon., 1854, Svo. This excellent work includes the lists of Weston and Loudon, and contains other works not known to them. Wo have frequently had occasion to quote it in the present volume, and are pleased to acknowledge our obligations. Donaldson, Rev. John Wm. Latin, Greek, and Hebrew Grammars, and others educational and classical works, Lon., 1839-53. Donaldson, Joseph. Recollections of a Soldier, Edin., 12mo. *' "We cordially recommend the work." — Scottish Guardian, Donaldson, T. L. Works on Architecture, 1S33-47- Donaldson, Thomas. Serm., 1734, Svo. Donaldson, Thomas. Poems, 1S09. Svo. Donaldson, Walter, a native of Aberdeen, of the 17th century. Synopsis Moralis Philosophic, 1604, Svo , Franc, 1622, 12mo. Synopsis Locorum commnnium, 4c.. Franc, 1612. .Synopsis (Economica, Paris, 1620. Donaldson,"VVm. Agriculture considered as a Moral and Political Duty, in Letters to his Majesty, 1775, Svo. '• The letteis are 'wholly retrospective and argumentative, and brim; forward no new plan of comprehension, nor make any sug- gestion of ioiportance."— -DonaWsoti's AgriaiU. Biag, Donat, .llrs., and lllrs. Hudson. Cookery.lS04,8vo. Done, Wm. Stafford, D.D., Prebendary of Lincoln, and Archdeacon of Bcdl'ord. Serms., Lon., 17S6, Svo. Dongworth. Richard. Serm., Lon., 1708. 4to. Donkin, Major. Military Collections and Remarks, N. York, 1777, Svo. " Published for the benefit of the Children and « idows of tne valiant soldiers inhunianlv and w.intonly butchered, when peace- .ably marchioK to and from Concord, April 19, 1775, by the Kebels. — introductifm. , i. * «». tt " This work contains several anecdotes. Ac, relative to tlie \\ ar of Independence." — IiicKs Bill. Arntr. jVava. A volume of great rarity. Donn, Abraham, of Bidford, 171S-1746. Mathemr.t. works pub. by his brother, Benjamin Donn. Donn, Benjamin, of Bidford, 1729-1798, brother of the preceding. Mathemat. Essays, 1758, Svo. Map of Devon and Exeter, Lon., 1765, fol. Other works, 1766-74. Donn, James. Sec Don. Donne, B. The use of Georganon. Donne, Renj. English History, 1312, ISmo. Donne, Daniel. Semis., 1623. Donne, John, 1573-1631, an eminent divine and poet, was a native of Limdon, and educated in the principles of tho Church of Rome, of which his parents were devoted adherents. He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge, and distinguished himself greatly by his remarkable pro- ficiency. In his 19th year he subjected the respective cl.aims of the Church of England and that of Rome to a careful examination, which resulted in his embracing the communion of tho former. He pursued for some time the =tudy of the law, but upon inheriting some £3000 from his father, he determined to follow his taste, and devote him- self to literary pursuits. Having tho good fortune to secure the post of secretary to Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, he gained the afi'ections of his lady's niece, a daughter of Sir George Moore, Lieutenant of the Tower, and a private mar- riage w.as the result. Great was the indignation of the stern father, and the young bridegroom lost his situation, and was actually for a time imprisoned in the Tower. When 42 years of .age, at Ihe urgent solicitation of King James I., he was ordained, and soon became so famous as an eloquent preacher, that he had the offer of 14 different livings within the first year of his ministry. In 1621 ho was appointed Dean of St. Paul's. He enjoyed great repu- tation as a poet, being placed at the head of the Metaphy- sical School ; and after long neglect has received some attention within the last few years; but his poetry is not of a character calculated to gain extensive popularity. He DON excelled in complimentary addresses, epigrams, satires, elegies, and poems of a tlieologieal ebaracter. Among his most remarliable productions are : Pseudo- Martyr, Lon., 1610, 4to. Polydoron. I60I, 12iuo. Juve- nilia; or Paradoxes and Proldems, Id.'iS, 4to. A Paradox or Thesis on Self-homicide, 1644, 4to. Paradoxes, Pro- blems, Essays, and Characters, 1652, 8vo. His sermons, which, perhaps, have been more generally admired than bis lighter works, were pub. in 3 vols, fol., 1640, '49, '60. They are now very rare, especially the 3d vol. A collec- tive edit, of his poems, including Elegies on the author's death, was pub. in 1633, 4to; 1635, '39, '51,'6!M2mo; with some Account of the Author, 1719, 12mo. A new ed. of his Works, including his Sermons, Devotions, Poems. Let- ters, r(uc/i' r. at least, of the seventeenth century — theadmired of all hearers — to remain all but totally unknown to the student in divinity of the Church of Kngland. and to tb,- literary world in general?""— lix. 6. 1^:17. The reader should peruse Izaak Walton's Life of Donne : his description of him as a preacher is truly eloquent: "A preacher in earnest; weeping sometimes tl'r his auditory, sometimes with them ; always preaching to himsel t" like an Angel from a cloud, but in none; carrying some, as St. I'aul was. to hea- ven in holy raptures; and enticing others by a rticred art and courtship to amend their lives; here picturing a vice so as to make it ugly to those that practised it. and a virtu,' so as to make it be- loved even by those who Joved it not; and all this with a most particular grace and an inexpressible addition of comeliness." Dryden calls Donne **The greatest wit, though not the greatest poet, of our nation." See Biog. Brit. ; Walton's Life by Zouch; Drake's Shak- speare and his Times; Retrosp. Rev., yiii. 31, 1S23. Douue, John, LL.D., son of the preceding. The Humble Petition of Covent Garden against Dr. John Ba- ber, a physician, 1662. Dr. John Donne, Jr., docs not seem to have maintained the fiimily honours ; " lie was no better all his lifetime than an atheistical buffoon, ft banterer, and a persou of over-free thoughts." — Wood. Donne, William Bodham. 1. E^saya on the Drama, Lon., 1857, p. Svo. 2. School History of Rome, '1857. Donnegan, James, M.D. Greek-and-English Lexi- con, Lon., 1826, Svo; 4th ed., 1842, Svo; 1846. "An important acquisition to such of our countrymen as are desirous of gaining a knowledge of the Greek language."— Da MilTBT, Bisimp of Durham. Donnel, J. A,, M.D. Hydrophobia, 1813, Svo. Donoghue. Poems, 1797, '99. Dououghmore, Earl of. See Hutchinson, Rich- ard H. Donovan, Edward. Works on British Natural Hist., viz.: Insects, 16 vols.; Birds, 10 vols.; Shells, 5 vols.; Fishes, 5 vols. ; Quadrupeds, 3 vols. ; together 39 vols. 8vo| pub. .at £6 6«. 9rf. Nat. Hist, of the Insects of China; new ed. by J. 0. Westwood, 1842, 4to, pub. at £6 6«. Nat. Hist of the Insects of India, by J. 0. Westwood, 1842, 4to. "Donovan's works on the Insects of India and China are splen- didly illustrated, and extremely xxsefairSaturaliit. "A great number of species are here delineated for the first time. — SwAiNsoN. ^ Instructions for preserving Natural Subjects. Descrip- tive Excursions through South Wales and Monmouthshire. 1805, 2 vols. Svo. " A work of high and various merit." — Lon. AnnnalSeview. Naturalist's Repository of Exotic History, 5 vols. r. Svo, pub. at £10 10«. Other works. Mr. D. was so fortunate as to he able to add to his valuable collection that of E. M. Da Costa, 7. v. Donovan, 3oi\n. Scorbutic Diseases, 4c., Svo. Donovan, Michael. Treatise on Chemistry, 4th ed., 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. " The best existing compendium of chemical knowledge." — Edin. E. Coiirant. Donovan, Patrick. Discursus, &c. S. Patricii Iber- norum Apostoli, Duaci, 1617. ]2mo. Donnelly, R. Chancery Cases, 1S37, Svo. Doolittle, Mark, a lawyer, was horn in Massachu- setts in 1781, graduated at Yale College, 1804. Agricul- tural Address, 1826, 26 pp. Svo. Temperance a Source of National Wealth, pp. 13, Svo. Hist, of the Congregational Church of Belchertown. JIass., 282 pp. 12mo. Doolittle, Samuel, d. 1717. Serms., Ac., 1692, '93. Doolittle, Thomas, 1630-1707, an eminent Non- 33 DOR Conformist divine, pub. a number of theolog. works, 1665 -98. The Complete Body of Practic:il Divinity, 1723, fol. " I am willing this should be a fire-kindler for you "and put you in the way to set conscience about its work when you come to that ai>plication with which your sermons are still to be enlivened." Cotton M^tiif.r. Dopping, Dr., Bishop of Meath, IreLand. Moduste- nendi Parliumentnm in Hil)ernia, Dubl., 1692, 12mo; 1722, Svo. Funl. Scrm. on the Death of the Archbp. of Dublin, 1694. 4to. Doran, John, LL.D., b. 1807, in London,— family originally of Drogheda. in Ireland. He was educated chiefly by his father. lOs literary bent was manifested at the a;,'e of 15, when he produced the melodrama of (1) the " Wandering Jew," which was first played at the Surrey Theatre in 1822 for Tom Blanchard's benefit. His early years were spent in Fr.ance. He was successively private tutor in four of the noblest families in Great Britain. 2. History of the Borough and Castle of Reading, Berks, 1832. This work obtained for him the degree of M.A., and subsequently LL.D., by the University of Marbury. 3. Anthon's Xenophon's Anabasis, with Notes, 1846. 4. Life of Dr. Young; which is prefixed to Tegg's valuable edition of that poet's works. 6. In connexion with Mrs. Rouier, Filia Dolorosa, 1863. Although Mrs. R.'s name aiipcars on the title-page, she had written but a few pages when she was attacked by a fatal illness ; the work was chiefly written by Dr. Doran. fi. Table Traits and Some- thing on them. 7. ILibits and Men. 8. Knights and their Day.s. 9. Qui ens of England of the House of Hanover. 10. Monarchs retired from Business. 11. History of Court Fools. " -Any thing more quaint, subtle, and surprising than Dr. Doran'fl tale of the origin of court fools is scarcely to be found in the pages of the greatest and must genial humourists." — L'm. At/ten. The above works, Nos. 6-11, have passed through various edits, and have been reprinted in the U.S. Edited a weekly paper for nearly eleven years, and Bentley's Ballads, to which he contributed some original pieces; also Last Journals of Uor:ice Walpole, 1772-1782. Contrib. largely, in prose and verse, to various periodicals. Dorcaster, Nicholas. The Confession of the Ba- nished Ministers, Wyttonburge, 1554, 16mo. Dore, James. Semis., ic, 17S6-1S06. Dorislaus, Jo. J. C. Prielium Nuportanum, Lon., 1640, 4 to. Dorman. Sir Roger do Coverloy, 1740, Svo. " A wretcbi'd plav." — Biag. Dnimnt. Dorman, Thomas, a R. Catholic writer, d. 1572-77 ? pub. several controver.«ial tracts, 1564, '65, '67. See Athen. Oxon. Dorman, or Dormer, Wm. 12 Serms. preached at the Rolls Chapel, Lon., 1743, sm. Svo. Dormer, John, e Soc. Jes. Usury Explained; or Conscience ([uieted in the Case of putting out Money to Interest, nncn.. Lon., 1696, Svo. Dornan, Robert. Emancipation; a Poem, Lon., 1814, Svo, Dorney. Certain Speeches, 1653. Dorney, Henry. Divine Contemplations, 16S4, Svo. Dorney, John. Siege of Gloucester, 1643, 4to. Dornford, J. Hist, and Polit. works, 1785-90. Dornlbrd, Robert. Gospel Light, 1652, 12mo. Dorr, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1796, in M:issachusetts, grad. at Dartmouth Coll., 1S17; ordained Deacon by Bp. Hobart, 1820, and Priest, 1823; Rector of the United Churches of Lansingburg and Waterford, N. Y., 1820-29 ; Rector of Trinity Church. Utica, N. Y., 1829-35 ; succeeded Rt. Rev. Bishop White in Christ Church, Phil., 1S37 ; reed, honorary degree D.D. from Univ. of Penn., 1838; elected Bishop of Maryland, 1839, but declined accepting the office. Hist. Pocket Prayer Book, written by itself, 16mo. Church- man's M,anu.al, 12mo. Recognition of Friends in Another World, 32mo. History of Christ Church, Phila., 12mo, pp. 430. Sunday School 'I'eacher's Encouragement, 32mo, i>p. 52. Prophecies and Types, 12mo, pp. 72. Invitation to the Holy Communion, 16mo, pp. 144. Travels in the East, 1856, 12mo. "Dr. Dorr's works have had an extensive circulatirn among churchmen in the United States, and have been republished iu England and the British I'roviuces." Dorr, Julia C. R., b. 1825, at Charleston, South Caro- lina, the daughter of Mr. Win. Y. Ripley, and wife of Mr. Seneca M. Dorr, has resided since her marriage at Chatham Four Corners, Columbia county. New Y'ork. She com- menced publication in 1848, .and since then has contributed many prose and poetical articles to the periodicals of the day. Her writings have been much admired. Dorrel, Iladriau. Wiilobie his Avisa, or the true S13 DOR DOU Pii'ture of a modcpt Maide, and of a cbast and constant Witt!, Lull., 1609. -Ito. Dorrell, John. See Darrei.l. Dorrington, Theop. Reformed Devotions, Lon., 1687, 8vn; 1701. Family Devotions, 3d ed., 1703, 4 vols. 8vo. Other works. Dorset. Essaj'on Defensive War. Philosophic Venus. Condolence; an Elegiac Poem. Dorset, Mrs. PeariK'k at Hume and other Poems. 1809. Dorset and Pembroke, Anne, Countess ol'. See Clifford. Dorset, Charles Sackville, Earl of, 1037-1706, "Was a great favourite with the wits uf the day. He wrot« a few satires and songs, whiih possess considerahle merit. His most celebrated piece was a Song written at Sea dur- ing the Dutch war, 1665, the Night before an Engagement, "To all you Ladies now on land," &c. "I would instance your lotdship iu satire, and Shakspeare in tra(jedy." — Dryd-n to Dorfit. " There is a lustre iu his verses like that of the sun in Claude Lorraine's landscapes." — Prior. His poems will be found in Johnson's Collection. " He wasaman whose elej^ance and jud-rnieiit were universally confi'ssed. and whose bounty to the iL-arued and witty was j^enerally known." — Life by Dr. Jolnis(m. Dorset, Charles Sackville, Duke of, 1711-1769, pub. a number of prose and puctical coinpusitions. a list of which will be fuuud iu Park's Walpnle's R. and N. Au- thors. Dorset, Etlward Sackville, Earl of, 1590-1652. Speeches, 1620, '-12, '43, '4L '• A person of acute parts, who had a great conmiand of bis pen, and was of able elocution." — Wood. " Uis wit was pleasant, spa^klinb^ and sublime." — Lord Cl.\ren- DON. Dorset, Richard Sackville, Earl of, d. 1 677,wrotc a poetical address to tiic Memory of Ben Jonsun. Dorset, Thomas Sackville, Earl of, and Eord Buckhurst, 1536-l(iOS, was not mure distinguished for bis high official position — Lord High Treasurer of England — than for the excellence of his poetical compositions. We have already referred to his masterpiece. The Induction to the Mirrour for Magistrates, (see Balhwis, William,) and he wrote two pieces of considerable length in this cele- brated collection. Warton gives Packville the merit of being the primary inventor of the design, but Haslewood confers it upon Baldwin. See authorities referred to in article Baldwin, William. Sackville is the author, or joint-author with Thomas Norton, of the first tragedy of any consideration in the English language: Ferrer and Porrex, commonly called Gorbuduc, 1565, 4to. Warton questions Kortou's claim to any share in the authorship, but the three first acts are attributed to him. Gorboduc is in five acts, and in regular blank verse, though Wood tells us that it is written in "old English rhyme!" — so much had it become neglected. Pope determined to revive it, and Spence aided the design by acting as editor, and a new edit, was pub. in 1736. Svo. Warton considers the plot to bo *' naked and uninteresting," but remarks : " Yf t it must be granted that the language of Gorboduc has great purity and perspicuity; and that it is entirely free from that tumid phraseology which does not seem to have taken place till play-writ- ing had become a trade, and our poet^^ found it their interest to captivate the multitude by th« false sublime, and by those exag- gerated imageries and pedantic metijthors whii'h are the blemishes of the scenes of Shakspeare. and whirh are at this day mistaken for his capital beauties by too many readers. Here also we have another and a strongest reason why this play was never ponular." —Histfny of English B>dry. The same eminent authority conceives the Induction to the Mirrour for Magistrates to have been the model of Spenser in the representation of allegorical personages, and he remarks that The Complaiut of Henry, Duke of Buckingham, is written ■' W ith a force and even elegance of expression, a copiousness of jihraseulngy. and an exactness of versification, not to bo found in any other part of the collection." Lord Buckhurst's Poetical Works were reprinted in 1820. A Latin Epistle of his lordship's will be found prefixed to Bartholomew Gierke's Latin trans, of Castiglione's Courtier. " Gorboduc is full of stately speeches and well-sounding phrases, clyming to the height of Seneca his stvle, and as full of notable moralitie, which it doth most delightfully teach, and so obtayuo tho very end of poesie."— .SVr Philip Sidne.y''s D'fnio: of Bxsic. "In hisgraveryears, thebrilliancvof hisimaL'ination grew more coiTect, not less abundant."'— //./n Wtlpole's Jt.aiidl^. Authors, q. v. See CoUins's Peerage by Brydges; Biog. Brit.; Brit. Bibliog.; Athen. Oxon.; Puttenham's Art of Poetry. Dorsey, Clement. Test Law of Maryland, Bait., IS.'^S, Rvo. Statutory, Ac. Law, 1693-1839, 3 vols. Svo. Dorsey, John L. Insolvency, Bait.. 1832, Svo. Dorsey, John Syng, M.D., 17S3-1S18, an eminent physician of Philadelphia. Eleraentsof Surgery, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. Cooper's Surgery, with Notes. Con. to periodicals. See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog. Dorsey, W. Ejectment in Maryland, with Notes and Beferences to the Present Time, by R. W. Gill, 1841. Borville. Pauline, 1794, 2 vols. 12mo. Dossie, Robert. Works on Chemistry, Surgery, Ac, Lf.n.. 1758-70. Memoirs of Agriculture. Ac, 1768-82, 3 vida. Svo: commended by Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Doubleday. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778. Doubleday, Edward, 1810-1849. 1. Nomenclature of British Birds, Lon., p. Svo. 2. Genera of Diurnal Lepi- doptera, 40 parts imp. 4toj 80 coloured plates : commended by Lon. Eclcc. Hev. Doubleday, Thomas* True Law of Population. Lon., Svo ; 3d ed., 1853. Financial and Monetary History, 1688-1847. Svo. 1847. " A very able, painstaking, and useful exposition of the origin, progress, and evil consequences resulting from our funding sys- tem." — Ij'»i. Atlos. Other works. Douce, Francis, 1757-1S34. an antiquary of great learning. "The Purson of old English and French Litera- ture," was for some time keeper of the MSS. in the British Museum. Mr. NuUekens, the sculptor, lelt him a large legacy, which i)l:ued him in very comfortable circum- stances, though it does not seem to have softened his irri- table temper. '"Xulliusaddictus jurare in verba magistrij'seemed, of all others, to be the motto by which he was guided — the pivot upon which his intellectual machinery turned. This necessaiily at times led him into errors, if not into scrapes. lie would neither bend nor bow to any man breathing." — Dibdin's Rrminisccncvs. He is introduced in the Bibliomania under the nnmc of pROSPERO, and many references to him and his valuable library will l>e found in the two works just named, and also in The Bibliographical Decameron. An interesting obituary notice by Wm. Weller Singer will he found in the Gent. Mag. for Aug., 1834. In addition to the two works pub. under his own name, Mr. Douce contributed largely to many works pub. by others, and a number of papers to the Arcbienlogia and to the Gent. Mag. He left a large collection of valuable MSS., which — in consequence of a hostile review of his Illustrations of Shakspeare in the Edin. Review — be ordered to be kept in a sealed box in the British Museum until January 1, 1900, when they are to be brought to light. The IUustrati;raved is com- paratively simple; there is no display of tine work merely to show the artist's talent in cutting delicate lines. Kvery line is expres- sive; and the end is always obtained hy the simplest means." " Holbein's Dance of Death is unquestionably a masterpiece." — Papillon. Douch,John, England's Jubilee ; n Serm., 1660, 4to. Doudy, Samuel. McVm. l>e Lae Venera. 1687. Douglas, Capt. Wm. Trial, *fec., 1767, Svo. Douglas, Wm. Serm., 1812, 4to. Douglas, Wm., M.D., d. 1752, a native of Scotland, settled in Boston. Mass., where he obtained considerable professional reputation. Treatises on the Small Pox, 1722, '30. An Epidemic Fever, 1736. Midwifery. Brit. Set- tlements in N. America. Pub. in numbers, Boston. Jan., 1749; May, 1749, forming vol. i. Vol. ii. was pub. in 1753. Both vols, reprinted in London. 1755, Svo; again, 1760. The death of the author left the work incomplete. " In his history of the American colonies, he is often incorrect; and it was his foible to measure the worth of men by his personal friendship for them." Bee Whitney's Hist. Worcester; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. " The honest and downright Dr. Douglas." — .\dam Smitu. Douland, or DoAvland, John, d. 1615 ? an English musician, pub. several musical treatises, among which was a trans, of Ornithaphareus's Micrologus, or Art of Singing, Lon.. 1609, fol. " This treatise, though the best of the time, seems too meagre and succiDct to have been of great use to the students of sui-h music as was then practised." — Bunieg's Hist, of Music, q. v.; and also Hawkins's Hist, of Music. '* We are assured that John Douland was the rarest musician that his age did behold." — Wood. Douland, or Dowland, Robert, contributed to John DouUiud's Lutu Playing, 1610, ful., and pub. a Mu.si- call Banqvet. 1610, fol. Douley, George. Theolog. Dialogues, 1616, Svo. Doulevy, Andrew. Catechism, Paris, 1642. Douna'us. See Downes, Andrew. Donuamus, Georgius. See Downahe. Doulhwaite,T. The Impartialist; in Poems, 1775. Doutre, Joseph, b. 1825, near Montreal, Canada. At eighteen years of ago he wrote a French historical novel, entitled Les Fiances de 1812. He has been the first lau- reate of the Canadian Institute. Dovaston, J. Fitz-Guardine; a Ballad, 1S12. Dove. Almanack for 1662, Camb., Svo. Dove, Henry, D.D., d. 1694, '95. Serms., 1680-86. Dove, James. Religious Experience, 1804, Svo. Dove, John, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1597, 16mo. Ch. Government, 1606, 4to. Comment, on Canticles, 1613, fol. Atheism, 1610, Svo. Dove, John, d. 1772, who went by the name of the "Hebrew Taylor," from his learning and trade, pub. a number of theolog. treatises, among which are The Im- portance of Rabbinical Learning, Lon., 1746, Svo, and Plain Truth, or Quakerism Unmasked, 1756, Svo. 6LC Dove, John. Strictures on Agriculture. '' The author dment. Indian Wars, Lon., 1737, 12mo. Downing, George. Serm., Lon., 1760, Svo. Downing, George. Newmarket; aCom., 1763, 12mo. The Parthian Exile; a Trag., 1774, Svo. The Volunteers, 1780. Svo. Downing, John. Case of, Lon., 1796, Svo. Downing, Joseph. Disorders of H. Cattle, 1797. Dowuiuge, Sir George. Political tract.s, 1664-72. Downman, Rev. Hugh, M.D., 1740-1809, born near Exeter, educated at Balliol College. Infancy, a Poem in 6 Books: 1,1774; 2,1775; .3,1775; all4to; whole 6, 1788, Edin.. 12mo. It went through 7 edits, during his lifetime. Land of the Muses and other Poems, 1768, 4to. Editha; a Com., Lon., 1785. Svo. L. J. Brutus; a Trag., 1779. Poems, 1790; do. to Thespia, 1805, Svo. Tragedies, 1792, Svo. He trans. The Death Song, &c. from Wormius, and four tragedies from Voltaire. Downiche, Anne. The Frenche Historic, in verse, Lon., 1589, 4to. A rare book. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 226. £25; resold at Saunders's, 1818, £13 28. 6rf. Dowsing, Wm. Parliamentary Visitor for demolish- ing the Superstitions and Ornaments of Churches, 4c. within the county of Suffolk in the years 1643 and 1644; his Journal, 1786, 4to. Here's a curious book, indeed! The iconoclast must have some strange tales to tell. Dowson, James. De Numerorum Figuratorum Re- solutione, Lon., 1614, 8vo. Doyle, Major, is said to be the author of A New Mili- tary Journal, Lon., 1803, 4to. Instructions, 1804. Mili- tary Catechism. Svo. Doyle, James, d. 1834, R. Catholic Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin. Letter to Archbishop Magee. Letter to Daniel O'Connell on Poor Laws for Ireland. Bishop Doyle pub. many pamphlets, letters, ic. on theological and po- litical subjects. Doyle, Martin. Cyclopedia of Practical Husbandry and Rural Afi'airs, Dubl., 1829, p. Svo. New ed., enlareed. 1851, Svo. ^ ' " A plain and very sensible matter-of-Cict exposition of current il7 DOY DRA and knowu intelligence in a very acceptable and useful manner/' — Donaldson's Ag/ncuU. Bing. Practical Gardening, 1838. 12mo. Flower Garden, 4th ed., 1845, 12mo. Labouring Classes in Ireland, 1846, 12mo. Catechisms of Gardening and Cottage Farming, 1851, ISmo. Works, 2 vols. 12mo. Doylc» Wm, Some Account of the British Dominions beyond the Atlantic, Lon., 1770, 8vo. " The author proposes a new si-beme nf geography, calling South America, Atlantis ; North America, Sebastia ; and classes the Ame- rican colonies under the names of Neanylia. Jttcf>bsa, and MesiQy or Midensia.'^ — Lon. MunUily I\'evi>'iv, xlii. 413; 1770, q. v. The collector of works on America should procure this curious volume. D'Oyley, Catherine. The History of the Life and Death of our Blessed Saviour, Southamp., 1794, 8vo. D'Oyley, Charles, The European in India, 1813, 4to. The Illustrations are by D'Oyley, but the Preface and History are by T. W. Blagdon and Capt. T. Williamson. D'Oyly, George, D.D., 1778-1846, educated at, and Fellow of, Ben-'t College, Cambridge, Rector of Buxted, 1815 ; of Lambeth and Sundridge, Kent, 1820. Letters to Sir Wm. Drummoud rel. to his (Edipus Judaicus, 1812, '13, 8vo. Two Discourses, 1811, 8vo. Life of Archbp. San- croft, 1821, 2 vols. Serms., chiefly Doctrinal, 1827, 8vo. Occasional serms. and pamphlets. Serms., with a Memoir by his son, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. Dr. D'Oyly was a contri- butor to the London Quarterly Review. In 1S13, in con- junction with the llev. Richard (now Bishop) Mant, he commenced the preparation of an annotated Bible, to be pub. by the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. The 1st number appeared Jan. 1, 1814; complete, Oxf. and Lon., 1814, 3 vols. 4to. It has been frequently re- printed at Cambridge and Oxford alternately, and the sale has probably not fallen short of 40,000 copies. New edit., Lon., 1848. Vol. i., Old Test, and Apoc. Vol. ii.. N. Test., r. Bvo. Pub. also with the sacred text In 3 vols. r. 8vo, 1850. "Of the labour attending this publication some idea may be formed, when it is stated that the works nf upwards of one hun- dred and sixty authors have been consulted for it, amounting to several hundred volumes. On the fundamental articles of Chris- tian verity. — the Di'ity and atonement of Jesus Christ, and the personality and offices of the Holy Spirit. — Ibis work may be pro- nounced to be a library of divinity.'' — T. H. Home's Bibl. Bib. See the comments in Bickersteth's Christian Student. The purchaser should also procure the Rev. Dr. Wilson's Index to this commentary. It is more comi)lete than the one annexed to the work. The Rev. I\Ir. Bellamy's Con- cordance also should accompany it. The Rt. Rev. Bishop Hobart of New York pub. an edit, of this Bible, with ad- ditional notes. New York, 1818-20, 2 vols. 4to. *' He has greatly enhanced the value of this work by numerous additional notes, selected from the writings of upwards of thirty of the most eminent divines, (not noticed by Drs. Mant and D'Oyly,) whose names areasuffitieut pledge for the orthodoxy of the anno- tations taken from their writings. . . . ^lauy other notes are like- wise selected from several of the authors cited by Up. Mant and Dr. D'Oyly. Bp. llobarfs additional notes are twofold; 1. Critical and Explanatory ; aud'^. Practical. The latter are most numerous, and are greatly calculated to increase tha value of this comment- ary." — T. II. HoRNE, uln siipra. See a biographical notice of Dr. D'Oyly in Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 184t), and Memoir by his son, prefixed to his Serms. pub. in 1S47. D'Oyly, Robert. Four theolog. Dissertations, 1728. "This is a book which contains some original and curious dis- quisitions, but not always in accordance with received opinions. The discussions are conducted in a manner somewhat similar to those of Delany." — Orme; liibl. Bib. The Dissertations are recommended by Dr. A. Clarke- Doylye, Dr. Antiquity of Arms. See Ilearne's Col- lection, p. 175, 1771. Etymology, Dignity, and Antiquity of Dukes, lb., p. 183. Drage, Wm. Medical treatises, Lon., 1665-68. Drage, or Dragge, Wm., Clerk of the California. Voyage of the California for the discovery of a Northwest passage, Ac, Lon., 1748, 2 vols. 8vo. ■' A pedantic, disputatious, dogmatical performance." — Barrow's Arcti: Voi/ages, p. "287, 1818. The Great Probability of a N. West Passage, 176S, 4to. Drakard, John. Life of Col. Wardle, 1810. Drake. Introduction to English. 1688. 8vo. Drake. The Innocent Vindicated, 1718, 8vo. Drake, Mrs. Defence of the Female Sex, 1696 Drake, Benjamin, 171U-1S41, "a native of Mason county, Kentucky, a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, a most amiable and excellent man, a lawyer by profession, for many years edited a literary and family nowspa])er, pub- lished weekly at Cincinnati, and largely circulated in Ohio. It was a paper of high moral tone and literary merit, con- ducted with ability and good taste — filled with cheerful, &18 attractive contributions, well-wrought fictions, and sound criticism. His published writings, other than the above,were, with their dates : 1827. Cincinnati in 1826. By B. Drake and E. D. Mans- field, pp. 100, 12rao. 1830. The Western Agriculturist and Practical Farmer's Guide; a compilation. 18;i8, The Life and Adventures of Black Hawk, with Sketches of Keokuk, the Sac and Fox Indians, and the late Black Hawk War. pp. 228, 12mo. Tales and Sketches from the Queen City, pp. ISO, 12mo. This is a volume of cheerfully and tastelully written fictions and sketches of life and manners in the West. It is creditable to the writer's talents, and commendable for its purity of thought and sentiment. 1840. Life of General William Henry Harrison ; a small vol. of perhaps 250 pages, prepared by B. Drake, jointly with Col. Charles S. Todd of Frankfort, Kentucky. 1841. Life of Tecumseh, and his brother the Prophet, with a Histrtrical Sketch of the Shawanee Indians, pp. 235, 12mo. This i.s the most elaborate of Mr. Drake's works, and is a carefully-prepared memoir from facts, the most of which were collected by himself in the country where Te- cumseh had lived and acted, and from a great number of respectable jiersuns who had known that chief." For the above notice we arc indebted to a well-known and highly-respected man of letters. Judge James Hall, of Cincinnati. Ohio. Drake, Charles D., son of Dr. Daniel Drake. Trea- tise on the Law of Suits by Attachment in the U. States, Boston, 1854, Svo ; 2d ed., 1S58, 8vo. '■ The members of the pi-ofesBioii owe much to Mr. Drake for his successful labours in producinj; this valuable treatise upon a branch of the law hitherto untouched by any writer." Drake, Daniel, M.D., 1785-1852, a native of Plain- field, New Jersey, a resident vt' Cincinnati, Ohio, was a brother of Benjamin Drake. " When he was quite young, his parents removed to Mason county, Kentucky, where he received such .an education as the common county schools afforded. When grown he went to Cincinnati, then a vil- lage, where he studied medicine; attended two courses of lectures at the Medical School of the University of Pcnna., at Philadelphia, where he graduated; became a very dis- tinguished practitioner and teacher of medicine j was a professor in the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati ; Cincin- nati Medical College, do.; Transylvania Medical College, Lexington, Ky. ; Louisville Medical College, Louisville, Ky. ; Jefferson Medical College. Philada. — all distinguished schools ; where he was associated with the most eminent men of the profession, and held equal rank with the fore- most. He was a teacher of medicine nearly all his pro- fessional life; an able, instructive, and popular lecturer. He was an original thinker, with an active, vigorous mind, an ardent temperament, unwearied industry, and a perse- verance and energy of purpose wholly indomitable, and capable of extraordinary achievement. A philanthropist in the largest sense, he devoted himself freely and habit- ually to works of benevolence and measures for the ame- lioration of distress, the extension of religion and intelli- gence, the good of his fellow-creatures, the honour and prosperity of his country. His habits were simple, tem- perate, abstemious; his labours incessant. List of his books, with the dates of publication; 1810. Notices concerning Cincinnati, pp. 64, 12mo, 1815. Picture of Cincinnati, pp. 250, i2mo. 18.32. Practical Essays on Medical Education, and the Medical Profession in the United States, pp. 104, 12mp. A Practical Treatise on the History, Prevention, and Treat- ment of Epidemic Cholera, designed for both the Profession and the People, pp. ISO. 12mo. 1850. A Sy.stematic Treatise, historical, etiological, and practical, on the principal diseases of the Interior Valley of North America, as they appear in the Caucasian, Afri- can, Indian, ami Esquimaux varieties of its population, pp. 878, 8vo. Cincinnati : published by W. B. Smith. 1854. The second volume of the same, posthumously published, Phila., Lippincott, Grambo & Co., pp. 985, Svo. This is probably the most important and valuable work ever written in the United States. The subject is large. The work could not be compiled. The subject was new, and the materials were to be collected from original sources, from observation, personal inspection, oral evidence, &.C, It occupied many years ; and was, probably, in contempla- tion during the whole or the most part of Dr. Drake's long professional life. For many years he spent the vacations between the winter courses uf lectures in travelling over DRA DRA this great valley, taking a district at a time, exploring each district thoroughly, noting distinctly and minutely its phy- sical character, peculiarities, climate, soil, mountains, hy- drography, productions, every thing which could affect health or longevity. lie visited physicians and intelligent men, and collected facts and opinions — and established cor- respondences. In this great work, he describes the whole interior of I'ur country, from Canada to Texas, by dis- tricts, most cl(diortite/i/, giving by far the best, most detailed, most reliable, topographical and physical description ex- tant. Then be gives the prevailing diseases of each local- ity, with the local remedies and practice — classifying and detining the effects of locality, soil, climate, food, &c. ; the diseases nf the North and South, of the sea-coast, the inte- riiir, and tbe lake — of mountain and valley, Ac. He edited for many years, very assiduously and ably, a AVestern Journal of Medical Science, published periodically at Cincinnati." For the above notice we are indebted to Judge James Hall of Cincinnati, Ohio. See Drake, Benjamin. An excellent memoir of Dr. Drake, by his friend Edward D. Mansfield, LL.D., has been issued by Applegate & Co., Cincinnati, 1855, 12mo, pp. 408, Drake, Edw, Cavendish. A Collection of authentic Voyages and Travels from the best writers, Lon., 1770, fol. Drake, Sir Francis, 1546-1596. A list of works, giving an account of the voyages of this eminent navigator, will be found in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. Some of these were compiled from his own notes, or we should have been unable to introduce his name, even thus briefly. Drake, Francis, d. 1770, a surge(.n and antiquary of York, England. Eboracum, or The History and Antiquity of the City of York, the Cathedral Church, and Lives of the Archbps. of that See, from its original to the present time, Lon., 1736, fol. " Drake is amonj; the most tnilins of topographers ; but his his- tory of the City merits tbe ^ratituJe of the townsmen. It is a folio, teemjne; with text, and full of copper-plate embellishments." —I>ibdin's \'>rthern T»ur. A magnificent copy, extensively illustrated, and expanded to six vols, folio, was sold at Mr. Fauntleroy's sale for £136 10s. It was purchased by Mr. llurd; subsequently it fell into the hands of Mr. Henry (ji. Bohn — always on the lookout for book treasures — and he offered it at the comparatively low prite of £S0. Drake and Mr. Cjesar Ward are said to have been tbe sole authors of The Parlia- mentary or Constitutional History of England, 1751, 2-4 vols. Svo. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1743. Drake, James, M.D., lfiG7-1707, an eminent political writer, physician, and anatomist. His principal works are : Hist, of the Last Parliament, Lon., 1702. Svo. Historia Anglo-Scotia, 1703, Svo. These two works gave great offence, (the latter to the Scots,) and were burnt by tbe hands of the common hangman. Memorial of the Ch. of England, written in conjunction with Mr. Polly, 170-1, 8vo. This offended the Queen and Parliament, and great efforts were made to discover the author. In 1706 he was prose- cuted for pub. Mercurius Politicus, a newspaper offensive to the government. Tbe Sham Lawyer, a Comedy. An- thropologia Nova; or A New System of Anatomy, 17lt7, 2 vols. Svo: posth., pub. by Dr. Wagstaffe, 2d ed., 1717. Appendix, 172S. This is a work of merit. " If Dr. Lower h.is lieen so niurh jind so deservedly esteemed for his solution of the systole of the heart, Dr. Drake, "by at-i-ountiiiK for the diastole, ought certainly to be allowed his share of reput.v lion, and to be admitted as a part tier of his lilory." — Dr. Wagstaffe. Drake, James. Medical Orations", 1742, 4to. Drake, Joan. Mrs. Drake revived, 1647, 12mo. Drake, Joseph Kodman, 1795-1820, a native of New York, began to contribute poetical compositions to the periodicals at a very early age. The first four of tbe Croaker Pieces, (pub. in the N. York Evening Post, March 10-20, 1810.) were written by him; after the fourth num- ber, Fitz-Greene Halleck was admitted as a partner, and the literary firm was henceforth Croaker & Co. The lively satire of these sallies gave them a great reputation at the time of their publication. Drake's longest poem is The Culprit Fay; his best-known composition, The American Flag. Their poetical merit is unquestionably of a high order. In 1836 a collection of Drake's poetical pieces was pub. by Commodore Dekay, son-in-law of the author. " The extniordinary mental power and penius of Dr. Drake were manifested at a very early period; when not over seven years of age, he had acquired much literary information; and attheajjeof fourteen he had written many verses of merit, , . . He possessed great tenacity of recollection and power of quick discrimination. His thouiihts flowed fjrrarefully. and his power of lam^uage was prompt. Indeed his peculiarity was that of instantaneous creation; for thoujiht, ima;^in:ition. truth, and imagery, seemed to combine and produce their results in u moment." — H. 1*. Wilus. Drake, Nathan, Vicar of Sheffield from 1695 to 1713. Semis.. Ifi05. '97, 4to. Drake, Nathan, M.D., 1766-18.36. a native of York, England, and a descendant of the preceding, was educated at the Univtjrsity of Dublin. In 1792 he settled at Ilad- leigh, Suffolk, where, for the long term of forty-four years, he ministereil to the health of his patients and the mental and moral welfare of his race. The following list of his literary works we extract from the Lon. Gent. Mag.. Aug., 1836: The Speculator; a Periodical Paper written in con- junction with Dr. Edward Ash. 1790. 8vo. Puems. 1793, 4to. Literary Hours, 1st ed.. 1798, Svo; 4th ed., 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. Essays illustrative of the Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1812. Essays illus- trative of the Rambler, Adventurer, Idler, and other pe- riodical papers to the year 1809, 2 vols. Svo. The Gleaner ; a series of Periodical Essays selected from authors not in- cluded in the British Essayists, 1811, 4 vols. Svo. Shak- speare and his Times, 1817, 2 vols. 4to. Winter Kights, 1820, 2 vols. Svo. Evenings in Autumn, 1822, 2 vols. Svo. Noontide Leisure, 1824, 2 vols. Svo. Mornings in Spring, 1828, 2 vols., Svo. We regret that wo have not space to enlarge upon the merits of Dr. Drake's invaluable works. They have done much to stimulate a taste for useful and elegant literature. In addition to the publications named above, he pub. a number of professional treatit^es, and left in IMS. A Selected Version of the Psalms, with copious Notes and Illustrations. We have been surprised and mortified to notice the shameful ignorance prevailing in America respecting the publications of this eminent writer. We rememl)er on one occasion listening to an hour's dissertation on Shakspeare, from a well-known public lecturer, who confessed, when we recommended to him the study of Drake's Shakspeare and his Times, that he had never heard of such a book! Yet that high authority, Archdeacon Nares, thus commends this invaluable storehouse of Shakspoarean information: " No work has hitherto appeared, and we may venture almost tO pronounce that none can in future be produced, in which so much of afj;reeable and weU-dij;ested information on this subject will be found, as in this masterly production of Dr. Drake. . . . Hmayba considered as a magnificent temple, dedicated to the genius of Shakspeare. . . . Its publication will form an epocha in the Shak- spearean history of this country. So abundant is the light thrown by it upon the singularly interesting period in which the poet lived, tiiat not only every admirer of his wiitings, but every person who is curious on the subjects of our literature, manners, customs, and their history, must occasionally resort to it for information." Kead the whole ofthis interesting review in Lon. Gent. Mag., 88, Pt. 2: p. 241, .'i:j4. We must find room for one or two opinions upon this literary benefactor of his age: " In 1S03 I got a bright new book, fresh from the press in those days, on which I still reflect with pleasure; namely, Drake's Lite- rary Hours. It became my favourite companion for years after- ward, and it was this work, more than all others, which at that early age fixed my affections on literary pursuits." — GtUies's Lit^ rary Vderan. "If 1 were called to name the writer in the lighter walks of Eng- lish literature, who. by his essays and ingenious illustrations of our standard authors, is most calculated to retine the taste and to excite an ardent thirst for reading and literary pursuits, I should name Dr. Nathan Drake." — Clevelin(rs Eng. Lit. of the Nineip-enth Century. Drake's works should have years ago been republished in America. Drake, R, Essay on the Gout, Lon., 1758, Svo. *' A work of no merit, being little more than a quack advertlse- ment."~Z)r. Watt's Bibl. Brit. Drake, Rev» Roger, Vindicioe, Ac., Lon., 1641, 4to. Sacred Chronology, 1648, Svo. Holy Mount, 1653, 12mo. The Sacrament. 1656, Svo. Drake, Roger, D.D. Serms., 1676. '77- Drake, Samuel, D-D. Serms., &c.. 1670-1724. New cd. of Archbp. Parker's De Antiquitate Britannicai Eccle- sia-. 1729. fol. Drake, Samuel G., b. 1798, in New Hampshire, au- thor and bookseller, was the first to establish an Antiqua- rian Bookstore in the U. S.. (Boston, 1S28.) Hist, of Indian Wars, 1S25. 12mo. Indian Biography. 18;)2. 12mo. Book of the Indians, 18-33. New cd., enlarged, 1852, Svo. Old Indian Chronicle, 1836, ISmo. New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Regr., 8 vols. Svo. Hist, and Antiquities of Boston, 1855, pp. 768. Contrib. to numerous periodicals. *The Book of the Indians is a work of high authority for facts.'* Drake, Rev. VV. Antiquarian papers in Archseol., 1777, '79, '89. Drake, Sir Wm. Speech in Pari., Lon., 1641, 4to. Drake, Wm. Serm.. York, 1745, Svo. Drake, Rev. Wm. Theolog. and educational works, Lon., 1847-53. Dralloc, John. See Collard, John. fil9 DRA Dransficld, Wm. Short Scrms. for Families and Villages, Lon., 1824-33, 3 vols. 12mo; many eds. "The sentiments Mre strictly scriptural and eTaii^elical, ex- pressed in a clear and perspicuous st.>Ie. and tlie suljects of whicii they treat of the greatest importalice."— iwi. Ciy. Draper, John Wra., b. 1811, near Liverpool, Eng- land; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 1836; Prof, of Chemistry in the Univers'ity of N. York, 1S39: has pub. many valuable treatises on chemistry, physiology, and mixed mathematics. Some of his memoirs on the chemical action of light have been trans, in France, (jcrmany. and Italy. Human Physiology. Statical and Dynamical ; or. The Conditions and Course of the Life of Man : being the Text of the Lectures delivered in the Medical Depart- ment of the University of New York ; illustrated liy nearly 300 fine wood-cuts from photographs; new ed., N. Y'ork, 1858, Svo, 650 p.agcs. "Stands first of our physiological tre-atises." — Lnn. ^fM. Times. " Deserves to be in the Ubrary of every student of pliysioiogy." — Lott. AUten. Draper, Lyman C, b. 1S15, near Buffalo, N. Y'ork. Since 1833 he has been actively engaged in collecting facts relating to the History and Biography of the Western States of the U.S., and the result of his researches present perhaps the most valuable collection of material for a series of border-biographies ever made. Such a series is now (1858) in course of preparation by Mr. D.. assisted by Benson .T. Lossing. Esq. He edited with ability vols. i., ii., and iii. of the Hist. Soc. of Wiscousin Collection. Draper, W. H. The Morning Walk and other Poems, Lon., 1751, Svo. Draper, Sir Wm., Lt. Genl. and K. B., 1721-1 7S7,Lt. Govr. of Minorca, 1779, visited America in 17611, in which year he married Miss De Lancey, daughter of the Chief Justice of New Y'ork. This lady died in 1778, leaving a daughter, born 1773. Sir Wm. is best known by his controversy with Junius, an account of which will be found in Woodfall's edit, of Junius's Letters, Lon., 1812. Answer to the Spanish Ar- guments, Lon., 1764, Svo. Observs. on Murray's Defence, 1783, 4to. Draper, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1791, Svo. 20 Serms., 1796, Svo. "They are written in plain and easy langu.ige, and are well adapted to the abilities of country congre;:ations.' Reading Lessons for Chiblren. Pts. 1 and 2, IS12, Svo. Drapes, Edward. Theolog. treatises, 164(i-49. 4to. Draxe, Thomas. Theolog. works, Ac, Lon., 1608-16. Dray, Thomas. Chronic Diseases, 1772, Svo. Drayton, J. U. Poems, 1813, 12mo. Drayton, John, d. 1822, aged 60. Governor of S. Caro- lina, 1800-02, and 1808-10, and U. States District Judge, pub. the historical mnti/rivl collected by his father under the title of Memoirs of the American Revolution from its commencement to 1776, inclusive, as relating to the State of S. Carolina, Ac., 1821, 2 vols. Svo. He had previously pnb. View of S. Carolina, 1802, Svo. Drayton, Michael, 1563-1631. a nativeof Hartshill, Warwickshire, is said to have studied for some time at Ox- ford : this has been questioned, but we think that the tes- timony of f+ir Aston Cokain confirms the statement. For his education he appears to have been indebted to Sir Henry Goodere. and among his most eminent patrons were the Countess of Bedford, and Sir Walter Aston. To the hospitality of the latter he refers, when complaining 620 DRA of his want of success in gaining the smiles of the court upon the accession of James I. : "I have neglected my papers [the Polv Olbion] sometimes two years together, finding the times since his majesty's happy coming in, to fall so heavily upon my distressed fortunes, after my zealous soul had laboured so longiii that which.withthogeneral happiness of the kingdom seemed not then impossiljle somewhat also to have advanced uie. But I inst.antly saw all my long-nourished hnpe.s even buried alive before my face: so uncertain in this world be the end of our dearest endeavours! And whatever is herein that tastes of a free spirit, I thanUfulIv confess to proceed from the con- tinued bounty of my truly noble friend Sir Walter Aston; which hath given me the best of those hours, whose leisure hath effected this which now I publish." He takes care that the name of his benefactor shall never be forgotten, so long as his own great poem shall be fresh in men's memory : "Trent, by Tixall graced, the Astons' ancient seat. Which oft the Muse hath found her safe and sweet retreat." The Earl of Dorset proved as kind to his age, as Sir Wal- ter Aston liad to his earlier years, and under the roof of this generous nobleman he spent his declining days in re- pose and comfort, beloved by his associates, and admired by his countrymen at large. In 1593 he pub. a collection of pastoral pieces under the title of Idea : the Shepherd's Garland, fashioned in 9 Eglogs, Ac, 4to. Reprinted as Pastorals, Ac, with the Man in the Moon. Ac, 1619, fol. A few years later he gave to the world the Barrens' Warres, 4to, (some copies dated 1596,) aud England's Heroical Epistles, 1598, Svo. The Dowulall of Robert of Normandy, Matilda, and Ga- veston were also written before 1598. In 1613, fob, ap- peared the first of his principal work The Poly-Olbion, containing IS songs. This was reprinted in 1622 with the additi.rn of 12 songs, making 30 songs in the whole, or 30,000 lines, written in Alexandrian couplets! This folio is adorned with 30 maps. In 1627 he pub. The Battaile of Agincourt, Nymphidia, The Court of Fayrie, The Moon Calf, Elegies, Ac, fob, and in 1630 he pub. The Muses Eli- zium, 4to. Many of his smaller poetical pieces were issued separately, as his Holy Himues, Moyscs, The Owl, Ac. Collective editions of his poems were pub. in 1605, Svo; 1609, fob; 1610, Svo; 1613, Svo; 1619, fob; 1630, Svo; 1637, 12mo. Works, 1748, fol; 1752, 4 vols. Svo. See par- ticulars of editions of his separate and collected works in Lowndes's Bihl. Man. Among the most admired of his compositions, with the exception of his princip.al performance, seem to h.ave been the Heroical Epistles. They are now held in light estima- tion, but the Nymphidia can never become obsolete until the spirit of true poetry shall have lost its charms. In 1814 (r. Svo) Sir S. Egerton Brydges reprinted 100 copies at the Lee Priory Press. Burton, the antiquary of Leicestershire, his "near coun- tryman and old .acquaintance," considers that the name of Drayton alone exalted the poetical eminence of England to an equality with Italy itself! "Though those Trans.alpines account us Tramontani rude and barbarous, holding our brains so frozen, dull, and barren, that they can affoi-d no inventiinis or conceits, yet may he [Drayton] compare either with their old Dante, Petrarch, or Boccace, or Neoteric Mari- nella. Pignatello. or Stigliano. But why should I go about to com- mend him whom his own works and worthiness have suiBciently extolled to the world?" — Descnptirm of Lrict^sUrshire. Drayton was not entirely neglected in the generation stlcceeding his own : "The Panms' Wars contains several pas.sages of considerabl# beauty, which men of greater renown, especially Milton, who availed hinisi'lf largely of all the poetry of the preceding age, have been « illiiig to imitate." — I/allam's Intrnduc. to Lit. Hist. His principal performance. The Poly-Olbion, is indeed a most singular production. Imagine a poet gravely pro- posing as the subject of his muse — A Chorographical de- scription of all the tracts, rivers, mountains, forests, and other parts of this renowned Isle of Great Britain ; with intermixture of the most remarkable stories, antiquities wonders, Ac. of the same. None but a great poet could have made such a subject attractive, and none but a thorough philologist could have forced poetry to perform so well the office of prose. Bishop Nicolson greatly prefers the first portion to its successor: "The first eighteen of these songs had the honour to be pub- lished with Mr. Selden's notes; the other twelve being hardly ca- pable of such a respect." — Engliiih Hist. Lib. It was indeed no small advantage to the poet to have so distinguished an annotator. " Drayton was honoured by a commentator who must have given fame to any writer. If .Selden's taste was equal to his learning, Drayton is indeed most highly distinguished." — Dr. Vicennuit Knox's £sstJ!/s. Headley remarks: " llis Poly-Olbion is one of the most singular works this country DRA DRU has produced, and seems to me eminently oi-ij;inal. The informa- tion Lontaiut'd ill it is in gtneral so acute, that he is quoted as an authority both by Ilearne and Wood. His pfrpetual allusions to obsolete traditions, remote events, remarkable facts and person- ages. togethiT with his curious ffenealojiies haksp. and his Times; i'hillips's Theatrum Poet arum. One of the raost poetical tributes oflFered to Drayton's muse, is that of Dr. Jas. KirkpatricU : '•Dravton, sweet ancient Bard, bis Albion ."^ung, ^\'ith their own praise her echoing Valleys rung; His bounding Muse o'er ev'ry mountain rode, And ev'ry river warbled where he ticw'd." Sea-Fifce, canto ii. Dra>^on, Thomas, D.D. The Promises, Lon., 1657. Drayton, Chief Justice Wm. Henry, 1742-1779, one of the principal promoters of American independence, and President of the Provincial Conpress, died suddenly in Philadelphia, while attending to his duties as a member of Congress. He compiled a History of the American Re- volution, &c., which was pub. by his son. See Drayton, JOHK. His descendants now living amply sustain the honour of the family. See Ramsay's Hist, of the Revolu- tion in S. Carolina, 1785, 2 vols. 8vo. Drebel, Cornelius, 1572-16.34. a native of Holland, died in London, where he distinguished himself by his knowledge of natural philosophy. The principal of his works is entitled De Natura Elementorum, Hjimb.,1621,8vo. Drelingcoiirt, P. Speech, Dubl., 16s2, 4to. Drennan, Wm., M.D. A Letter to Earl Fitzwilliam, and two tu Wm. Pitt, 1795, '99. Dreu', Edward. Serm., Lon., 1803, Svo. Drew, G, S. 8 Serms., Lon., 1845, 8vo ; 1849. **The composition i.s clear and forcible; the sentiments are evan- gelical: and the tendency of each discourse is to enlighten and impress." — Lon. Biblical /I'er, Serm., 1849, Svo. Evening Classes for Young Men; 2 Lect., 1852, 12mo. Drew,John. A.ldre?s,1649; Plea, 1651 ; botbtheolog. Drew, John. Manual of Astronomy, Lon., 1845, r. 18mo; 2d ed., 1853. 12mo. Drew,Rich. A Balance Level.Nic.Jour.,1 SOS. The So- ciety of Arts voted Mr. Drew ten guineas for this invention. Drew> Robert. Serms., 1725, '35, 8vo. Drew, Samuel, 1765-1S.33, ashoemaker of Cornwall, a converted infidel, became editor of The Imperial Maga- zine. Remarks on Paine's Age of Reason. 179S, 1803, .'20. The Immateriality and Immortality of the Human Soul, 1802, Svo ; 8th ed., 1848, 12mo. Trans, into French. *'This work on the soul is truly VFonderfiil. aud nothing like it was ever published."— P/Y'/. Kidd, in a Letter (o J. H Dreu'. "His masterpiece of metaphysical argument is contained in his Essay on the .Soul, from which he has been styled The English Plato." — Lftn. Chrtstian Remembranar. Life of Dr. Coke, 2 vols. Identity and General Resur- rection of the Human Body, 1809, Svo. Being and Attri- butes of God, 1820, 2 vols. Svo. Remains, Sermons, Ac, edited by his son, Svo. Life of, by his son, Svo. "Incident, anecdote, or sentiment, is in every page; and the piety, notenthusiasm.butrelisiious philosophy, that runs through- out, gives a charm to the whole." — Lmi. Chris. Attvornte. Drew, Wm. Fontanieu's Art of making coloured crystals to imitate Precious Stones, Lon., 1789, Svo. Drew, Wm. A., b. 1798. in Massachusetts, an agri- cultural writer. Glimpses and Gatherings during the Great London Exhibition of 1851, 12mo. pp. 404. Con- trib. to various religious and agricultural journals. Drewe, Major Edward, of 35th Regt. Military Sketches, 1784, 8vo. Drewitt, Thomas. Theolog, treatises. 1799, 1801. Drewry,C.S. Patent Law, Lon.. 1838, 8vo. Injunc- tions. 1841, 8vo; Supp., 1849. New ed., with Supp., 1849. Drinker, Anna, a native of Pennsylvania, better known by the n<>ni de plume of Edith May. has attained considerable distinction as a poetess. Her contributions to the Home Journal were highly commended by N. V, Willis. Poetical Works, 1851, Svo; 2d ed.. 1854. *' Her dramatic power, observation of life, imagination, fancy, and the tasy and natural flow of her ver.se. which is nowhere marred by any blemish of imperfect taste, entitle this very youth- ful poet to a place in the common estimation inferior to none occu- pied by writers of her years. And there are scattered through her poems gleams of an intelligence which they do not fully disclose, and felicities of expression betraying latent power greater than is excited, so that we are not authorized to receive what she has ac- complished, brilliant as it is. as a demonstration of the entire cha- racter and force of her laculties." — Griswold's Female Fi)fts of Anurica, 1S53. Tales and Poems for Children, 1855, 12mo. Drinkwater, John, Capt. 72d Regt. Hist, of the late siege of Giliraltar, with a Description and Account of that Garrison from the earliest Periods, Lon., 1785, 4to; new ed., 1844, p. Svo. " A book so replete with interest and information, as to be truly a legend of the United Services of the day." — Unii'd Service Mag. " One of the most interestin r and instructive military histories in our language. No officer should be without a copy." — Naval ami MihUiry Guz. Drisler, Henry, b. 1S18, on Staten Island, New York; graduated at Columbia College, New York City, 1889; appointed Tutor in Ancient Languages in the same institution, 1S43; Adjunct Professor. 184.3^ and Professor of Latin, 1847. Assisted Professor Anthon in several of his classical works; re-edited, with considerable additions, Liddell and Scott's edition of Porson's Greek Lexicon, New York. 1851-52. 8vo. The sale of this invaluable lexicon reached 25.000 copies in two years after publica- tion^ (1851-53.) Had in press a greatly-enlarged edition of Yonge's Engli.'^h-Greek Lexicon, which was destroyed by fire. It is now (1858) being re-stereotyped. Professor Drisler has in a forward state of preparation a Greek-and- English Lexicon for the use of schools. Driver, Abr. and Wm. Agricult. of Hants, 1794. "It claims no particular nntioe." — Donaldson's JgiHcult. Biog. Driver, Wm. See Driver, Abr. Drope, Francis. Short and .sure guide in the prac- tice of raising and ordering Fruit Trees, Oxf., 1672, 8vo. Drope, John. Hymenaean Essay. Oxf., Ifi22. Drought, Rev. Robert. Anacreon, with trans, &c. by the Kev. Ilercules Younge. 1802. 12mo. Dronville, J. B. Lancers, ISll, 4io. Druery. J. II. Great Yarmouth, 1826, Svo. Druitt, Robert. Church Music. Lon., 1845, Svo. Druitt, Robert* Difl5eult Subjects in Anatomy and Surgery, 2d ed., Lon., 1846, '48. Surgeon's Vade Mecum, 6th ed., 1853, 12mo. Principles and Practice of Minor Surgery. New Amer. ed., by F. W. Sargent, M.D., author of Modern Surgery, Ac., Phila., Svo. "An unsurpassable compendium, not only of surgical, hut of medical, practice." — Lon. Aled. Gaz. "It is a useful handbook for the practitioner, and we should deem a teacher of surgery unpardonable who did not recommend it to his pupils. In our own opinion, it is admirably adapted to the wants of the student.'* — Provincial Mfdical and Surgical Journal. Drummond, (in association with Bromley.) Obi; or the Hi.^tory of Three-fingered Jack, 1800. Drnnimond, Dr. Abernethy. Appendix to the Church Catechism, Lon., 1759, Svo. Drummond, Alex. Travels, Lon., 1754, fol. Drummoud, Alex. M. Febribus, Edin., 1770, Svo. Drummond, Rev. D. T. K, Corresp. between, and Bp. Tcrrut, Edin., 1842, Svo. Episcopacy in Scot., 1845. Other works. Drummond, Edward. Voyage up the Gambia See Moore's Travels, p. 175. Drummond, E. A. H., D.D.. 175S-1S30. Serm., 1792, 4to. Catcchet. Ques. prior to Confirmation, Lon., 1813, Svo; 1818. Drummond, George H. Theolog. works, Ac, 1790- 1804. Drummond, Mrs. H. Theolog. works, Edin., 1845, 8yo. Drummond, Henry. Dialogues of Prophecy, 1827- 29, 3 vols. Svo. Defence of the Students of Prophecy, Lon., 1828, Svo. Social Duties, or Christian Principles, 1839, sm. Svo. Revealed Religion, 1845. 8vo. "Contains many striking passaj^es of great power, depth, and truth."— ^/;/7/(.v// Churchman. Drummond, Henry H. Obs. on Edin. Rev., 1810. Drummoud, James L,, M.D. Letters to a Young 521 DRU Naturalist on the Study of Nature and Natural Theoloffv. Lon., 1832, 12mo. ^■' " Happily calculated to generate in a joung mind, to sustain in the^matured, and to renovate in the old, an ardent loTe of naturo under all her forms." — Lrm. Monthly Iteview. First steps to Botany, 18K5, 12mo. " Adapted to make the study at once attractive and imprOTing in a high degree." — Lon. Eclectic Iteview. First Steps to Anatomy, 1845, fp. 8vo. "The work of a master throwing off the results of his own Knowledge." — Lon. Spectator. On Natural Systems of Botany, 1845, 12mo. Drummoiid, Lord John. His Case, 1715. 8vo. Druinmond, John. Case of A. Oswal.l, 1715, 8to. Drnmnioiid, John, M.D. E.i. Med. Ess., 1731. Drummond, John. Grammar, 1767. Drummoud, Dr. R. Grammatical Illustrations, Bombay, 1S08. fol. Drumniond, Robert Hay, 1711-1776, son of the Earl of Kinnoul, educated at Christ Church. Oxford, Bishop of St. Asaph. 1748 ; trans, to S.ilisbury, 1761 ; Archbishop of York, 1761. Serms., a Letter on Theological Study, and'Mcmoirs of his Life, by his son, George H.ay Drum- mond, Kdin., 1803, 8vo. These sermons had before been pub. separately. Drummoud, T. Med. Com., 1789-9.S. Drummond, T. Theolog. treatises, 1805-09. Drummoud, T. Theolog. letters, 1812, 12mo. Drummond, T. B, Forms of Proceedings, ic, 1826. Drummoud, Thoma.s. Poems, 1756, 8vo. Drummoud, William, of Hawthornden, 1585-1649, is distinguished as the first Scottish poet who wrote well in English. He was the son of Sir .John Drummond. was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and studied civil law in France ; but upon the death of his father retired to his beautiful seat at Hawthornden. one of the loveliest spots in the world. Here it was that Ben Jonson paid him his memorable visit in 1619. Poems. Edin., 1616, 4to. Other edits, see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Cypress Grove, a moral treatise in prose. Flowers of Zion, or Spiritual Poems, 1623, '30, 4to. Hist, of Scotland, 1423-1542, Lon., 1655, fol. ; 1681, 8vo. Memorials of State, Familiar Epis- tles, Cypress Grove, ic, 1681, Svo. Polemo Middinia, Oxf , 1691, 4to. The first macaronic poem by a native of Great Britain. Works, Edin., 1711, fol.; 1791, sm. Svo. New edit, with Life by Peter Cunningham, 1833, 12mo. Among the most admired of Drummond's compositions are The River of Forth Feasting, On Spring, To the Nightin- gale, The Praise of a Solitary Life, To his Lute, and Tears on the Death of Moeliades. The Forth Feasting is designed to compliment King James II. on his visit to Scotland in 1617. " It attracted the envy as well as the praise of Ben .Tonson, is superior in harmony of numbers to anv of the compositions of the contemporary poets of Scotland, and in its subjects one of the most elegant panegyrics ever addressed by a poet to a prince."— LoRB >VooDHousELEE: LifenfKamu. "Bruumionds sonnets, I think, come as near as almost any others to the perfection of this kind of writing, which should em- body a sentiment, and every shade of a sentiment, as it varies with time and place and humour, with the extravagance or lightness of a momentary impression," — II.^zlitt. "The sonnets of Drummond of Hawthornden. the most cele- brated in that class of poets, have obtained probably as much praise as they deserve. lint tbey are pcilisbed and elegant, free fiom con- ceit and bad taste, in pure unblemished English; some are )iatlielic or tender in sentiment, .and If th.-v do not show much ori-inalitv. at least would have ac.|uired a fair place among the lUllans of the sixteenth century."— H.11J.AM : Introduc. to Lit. Hint. As a prose writer, though not without great merit, Drum- mond is not so much admired as in the more congenial walks of poetry. Yet who can linger over the solemn cadence of the Cypress Grove, as the mor,alist argues against unrea- sonable fears of the "last enemy," without l)eing continu- ally reminded of that rare old master of impressive thought and eloquent language — the wise Leech of Norwich, Sir Thomas Browne? Drummond, Sir William, d. 1828. Govt, of Sparta and Athens, Lon., 1794. r. Svo. Trans, of the Satires of Persius, 1798,8vo. Acad. Questions, ISOo, 4to, vol. i. Her- eulanensia, 1810, 4to ; in conjunction with R. Walpole, Esq. Punic Inscrip., 1811, r. 4to. (Edipus Judaieus, 1811, 8vo. "The learned tiaronet gravely maintainsthat the whole Old Tes- tament is allegorical: and that a great, if not the leading, object of it, is to teach a correct system of astronomy."— Orme's BM. Bib. This curious work was answered by Drs. D'Oyly, Town- send, and in the Lon. Quart. Rev., ix. 329. Odin, part 1, 1817, r. 4to. Origines, or remarks on the origin of Em- pires, States, and Cities, 1824-29, 4 vols. Svo. "Every reader of these pages cannot hesitate to attribute to him the most patient industry of antiiiuarian research, and the appli- DKT cation of graat learning and skill to the varied difficulties of his undertaking." — Bi'itisit Ct-itic. Drummond, William H., D.D. Battle of Trafal- gar; a Poem, 1S06, 12mo. Trans, of Lucretius, 1809, cr. Svo. Giant's Causeway; a Poem, 1812, Svo, Drnry. Resurrection, 1812, Svo. Drury, Anna Harriet. Annesley and other Poems, Lon., 1847, fp. Svo. " We at once and unhesitatingly couple her name with the fa- mous names of l.ioldsmith and Crabbe."— ion. Littrary Gaz. Friends and Fortunes; a Moral Tale, 1849, 12mo; 2ded., 1853. The Inn by the Seaside, 1852, fp. Svo. Light and Shade, 1852. 12nio. Drury, Charles. Farmers' Discovery in Agriculture, Lon., 1810, Svo; enlarged, 1815, Svo. " .4 person of fruitful ideas, but punv and meagre, and had not a large grasp of original conception."— flonu/dsoirs Agricult. Bii.g. Drury, Drew. Illustrations of Natunal History, Lon., 1770, '73, '82, 3 vols. 4to, £7 17», 6(/., plain; £15 15«., co- loured. Highly commended by Linnajus, Fabricius, and others. " Opus entomologicus splendidissimus." — Rev. Wm. Kiebv. "A most beautiful and valuable work on entomology.''— Ha- WORTH. New ed., entitled Hlustrations of Foreign Entomology, edited by J. 0. Westwood, 1S37, 3 vols. 4to, £6 16s. 6rf. ; nearly 700 figures, engraved by Moses Harris. " The exquisite work of Drury displavs the complete insect in a degree of perfection that leaves nothing to be desired."— Sir James EnwARD Smith. Pres. of the Linnaan Ubiety. " A'ery accurate and excellent flgures."- Swainson's Zoological Itlustrations. "Drnry's work has not been surpassed in beauty and accuracy of execution by any of the sumptuous efforts of the present day '" — Encyc. Brit.: Art. EnUmolagy. " A few years ago, a new edition, with impressions from the ori- ginal plates, was published under the editorial care of Mr. West- wood, by Mr. Henry liohn, the bookseller. It is not easy to speak of this edition in terms of too high commendation." — Sir 'Wiluam Japiet, and to the sources noticed below, w© must also refer the reader for the details of Dryden's lite- rary life, his friendships and his quarrels, his successes and defeats, his trials and his consolations. He was truly " a man of war from his youth," and his controversies witb the Buckiughams, Rochesters, Shadwells, and Settles of the day, present any thing but a flattering picture of the manners and minor morals of that period. We have al- ready animadverted upon Dryden's share of culpability in those abuses of the drama which provoked the righteous indignation of Jeremy Collier. We were pleased to be able to record also the acknowledgment and repentance of the erring dramatist. That his religious impressions became more lively towards the close of his life, we have good reason to believe. Shortly after the accession of King James he became a convert to the Church of Rome, in whose communion he yielded up his last breath. His sincerity, indeed, has been much doubted both by contemporaries and posterity ; but we are loath to suspect hypocrisy where the other presumption is at all tenable. Scott is willing to lean on the side of cha- rity, and the comments of Dr. Johnson exhibit an excellent specimen of his rare powers of comprehensive yet terse argumentation : " That conversion will alwivys be suspected that apparently con- curs with iuterest. He that never finds his error till it hinders his progress towards wealth or honour will not be thought to love truth only for herself. Yet it may easily happen that information may come at a commodious time; and, as truth and interest are not bv any fatal necessity at variance, that one may by accident introduce the other. "When opinions are struggling into popularity, the arguments Ijy w hkh they are opposed or defended become more known; and he that changes bis profession would perhaps have changed it before, with the like opportunities of instruction. 'I'his was the then slate of Popery ; every artilice was used to show it in its fairest form; and it must be owned to be a religion of external appearance sutficiently attractive." — Liff of Drythn. j The Revolution dissipated the hopes which the polemical poet had entertained of bettering his embarrassed fortunes; and when, two years later, he was called to his last account, he left not enough of the substance for which he bad so laboriously toiled to carry him in peace to the " house ap- pointed for all living." Without crediting the '• wild story" of the drunken brawl [ and " tumultuary and confused" proceedings which are al- j leged to have interrupted the funeral cortege and delayed the solemn services for the departed, there seems no reason to doubt that the body of the most illustrious Englishman of the day was obliged to wait for its last asylum until the completion of a hasty subscription enabled the survivors to discharge the expenses connected with its interment. He lies iu Westminster Abbey, between the graves of Chau- cer and Cowley. Of the family of the poet, his widow died insane, after surviving her husband fourteen years. Charles, the eldest son, was drowned in the Thames, as already mentioned. John, the second son, died at Rome in 1701. Erasmus Henry, the third son, died in 1710; he succeeded to the title of b.aronet, which passed to his uncle, the brother of the poet, and thence to his grandson. The present repre- sentative of the family (1855) is Sir Henry Edward Leigh Dryden, of Canons-Ashby. It is now proper that we should particularize those pro- ductions of Dryden, in addition to those already noticed, which have secured him so high and so permanent a posi- tion in the repuitlic of English letters. In accordance with our custom, we shall adduce the opinions of those who by their own reputation have earned a right to a respectful hearing when they pronounce upon the merits or demerits of others. The limited space to which we are necessarily confined will be a sufficient apology for the paucity and brevity of our quotations. Absalom and Achitophel, 1681, (of the 2d part, 1684, all but 200 lines of Dryden's was written by Nahum Tate.) is a poetical satire against the party which l)y the manage- ment of Lord Shaftesbury placed the Duke of Monmouth at its head. The Duke of Buckingham was the ostensible author of The Rehearsal, 1671, in which Dryden was ridi- culed under the name of Bayes. The poet now returned the compliment by representing Buckingham in the cha^ racterof Zimri, in Absalomand Achitophel. To the second part, Dryden contributed about 200 lines, in which he in- troduces Settle and Shadwell under the names of Doeg and Og. He never cared for disparity of numbers : DRY DRY " Ilis antagnnists came on with infinite zeal and fury, discbarp;- ing their iU-aiuied blows on every pjde, and exhausted tht-ir »;trength io Tiolent and ineffectual rage; but tht* keen and tren- chant blade of Drydeu nevtT makes a thrust in vain, and never strikes but at a vulnerable point."— Sir Walter Scott. "Of this poem, in which personal satire was applied to the sup- port of public principles, and in which therefore every mind was interested, the reception was eajrer. and the sale so large, that uiy father, an old bookseller, told nie he had uot known it equalled but by Sacheverell's trial." — Dh. Joh.nsox. "The greatest of his satires is Absalntn and Achitophel, that work in which his powers became fully known to the world, aud which, as many think, he never suipassed. . . . The spontaneous ease of expression, the rapid transiti'Jiis. the general elasticity and movement, have never been excelled.'" — IIallam : Inlroduc. to Lit. History. The Medal, a satire against sedition, 1681, may be con- sidered as a continuation of the preceding. It drew forth bitter responses, and Shadwell's zeal against the satirist was rewarded by his becoming the hero of Mac Flecknoe, pub. in the ensuing year. In this year, also, he gave to the world Religio Laici, which professes to be a defence of the Holy Scriptures against deists, papists, and Presbyterians. Of a far different character, however, are the dogmas espoused in The Dialogues of the Hind and Panther, IfiST, which is a defence of his newly-adopted church against the Church of England. We need have no doubts of the result of a controversy between the milk-white Hind — the Church of Rome— and the Sp-itted Panther— the Church of England. Its effect, however, was rather to injure than aid the cause which the p«.ot had so much at heart: "A fable which exhibits two bensts talkini^ Theology, appears at once fuUof absurdity ; audit was accordiiv^ly ridiculed in the City Mouse and Country Mouse, a parody written by Montague, after- wards Karl «^f Halifax, and Prior, who then gave the first specimen of his abilities,'" — Dit. .lonNSON. But Mr. Hnllam defends the poet's rather unusual vehi- cle for polemical debate: "The first lines in the Hind and Panther are justly reputed among the most musical in our language: and perhaps we observe their rhythm the better because it does not gain much by the sense; for the allegory and the fable are seen, even in the commencement, to be awkwardly blended. Yet notwithstanding their evident in- coherence, which sometimes leads to the verge of absurdity, and the facility they give to ridicule, I am not sure that Dryden was wrong in choosing this singular fiction. It was his aim to bring forward an old argument in as novel a style as he could; a dialogue between a pi iest and a parson would have made but a dull poem, even if it had contained some of the CNcellent paragraphs we read in the Hind and Panther. It is the crrotesqueness and originality of the fable that gives this poem its peculiar zest, of which no reader, I conceive, is insen.sible; and it is also by this means that Dryden has contrived to relieve his reasoning by short but beau- tiful touches of description, such as the sudden stream of light from Heaven which announces the concepM'm of .Taniess unfor- tunate heir, near the end of the second book."— /n^ror/uc. to Lit. History. In 1693 appeared the folio which contained a trans, of Juvenal, partly by Dryden, and of Persius, entirely by Dryden. " A version completely surpassing all before and all who have succeeded him." — Sir Walter Scott, His trans, of Virgil, pub. in 3697, has always been held in the highest estimation by many critics, but perhaps an equally erudite verdict could be produced against it. Dr. Felton defends him against the critics: *' Those who excel him, where they observe he hath failed, will fell b,-low biin in a thousand instances where he hath excelled" Dissertation on Reading the Clnssicks, 1730, p. 130. And Pope remarks in reference to Dryden's translation of some parts of Homer: " Had he translated the whole work, T would no more have at- tempted Homer after him than Tirgil : his version of whom (not- withstanding some human errors) is the most noble and spirited trauslatiou I know in any language."— /Vf/ut.€ to PiiptS trans, of Homer' ^^ Uifl. Dr. Trnpp (see his trans, of Virgil into blank verse, 1735) and Mr. Hallam may be cited as dissentients from such florid panegyric. In 1700 appeared his Fables, Ancient and Modern, trans- lated into verse, and modernizeil from Homer. Ovid, Boc- cace. and Chaucer. These are pnduibly tlic best-known to the present generation of all Dryilen's pieces. Though not without faults of haste and carelessness, the merits of this collection are not to be questioned. In addition to the larger pieces, there are a number of " Short original poems, which, with bis prnlocues, epilogues, and songs, may be comprised in Congreve's remark, that even those, if he had written nothing else, would have entitled him to the praise of excellence in bis kind."— Dr. .Iohnson. The most celebrated of these compositions is the Ode for St. Cecilia's Day, commonly known by the name of Alex- ander's Feast. '■ Theode for St. Cecilia's Bay. perhaps the last effort of his poetry, hasbcenalwaysconsideredasexhil il ing the hi'j best fli^rht of fancy, aud the exactest nicety of art. This is allowed to stand without a rival. If indeed there is any excellence beyond it in some other of Dryden's works, thate.xcelleuce must be found. Compared with the ode on Killi;j;rew. it may be pronounced perhaps superior on the whole, but without any single part equal to the first stanza of the other." — Dit. JoilNtO.v. Mr. Hallam considers that both of these odes have been much overrated: " Dryden's lame as a lyric poet depends a very little on his Ode on Mrs. Killigrew's death, but almost entirely on that for St. Ceci- lia's Day. commonly called Alexander .s Feast. The former, which is much praisiid by Johnson, has a few fine lines, mingk-d with a fiir greater number ill conceived and ill expressed; the whole coni- posiliou has that spiiit which Dryden hardly ever wanted, but it is too faulty for hij^h praise. The latter used to pass for the best woik of Drydeu, aud the best ode in the language. Many would now agree with me that it is neither one nor the other, and that it was rather overrated during a period when criticism Mas not at a high point. Its beauties indeed are undeniable; it has the raci- ness. the rapidity, the mastery of language which belong to Dry- den; the transitions are animated, the contrasts effective. But few lines are highly poetical, and some sink to the level of a com- mon drinking-song. It has the defects, as well as the merits, of that poetry which is written for musical accompauiment." — Intro- due. to Lit. Hist. If there be a doubt whether Dryden can claim a place in the first class of poets, tbere can be no question of his pre-eminence as a writer of prose. A few opinions upon this department of his labours, together with some com- ments upon his general characteristics as an author, must conclude our article. " The niaf chless prose of Dryden, rich, various, natural, animated, pointed, lending itself to the logical and the narrative, as well as the narrative and picturesque; never balking, never cloying, never wearying. The vigour, freedom, variety, copiousness, tha. speaks an exhaustless Ibuntaiu from its source: nothing can sui-- pass Dryden." — Lord Bkolgiiam. The great Edmund Burke studied the prose of Dryden with no little interest and profit. Ilis principal prose com- positions are his Essay on Dramatic Poetry, aud his ad- mirable Prefaces and Dedications. " Dryden may be properly considered as the father of English criticism, as the writer who first taught us to determine upon prin- ciples the merit of cooiposition. Of our former poets, the greatest dramatist wrote without rules, conducted through life and nature by a genius that rarely misled aud rarely deserted him. Of the rest, those who knew the laws of propriety had neglected to teach them." — Dr. .Iohnson. "Dryden as a critic is not to be numbered with those who have sounded the depths of the human mind, hardly with those who analyze the language and sentiments of poets, and teach others to judgebyshowing why tbey have judged themselves. . . . Thestyle of Dryden was ^eiy superior to any that Kngland had seen. He seems to have formed himself on Montaigne. Balzac, and \'oiture; but so ready was his invention, so vigorous his judgment, so com- plete his mastery over his native tongue, that in point of style he must be reckoned above all the three. He bad the ease of Mon- taigne, without his negligence and embarrassed structure of pe- riods; he had the dignity of Dalzac, with more vaiied cadences, and without his hyperbolic.il tumour; the unexpected turns of Voiture, without his affectation and air of effort."'— Uallam, vbi siijn'a. "The prose of Dryden is the most numerous and sweet, the most mdhw and gmernus. of any our language has produced."— Dr. Warton : AV'oy on I\.pe. "There is no modern writer whose style is more distinguished. Energy and ease are its chief characters. . . . His English is pure and simple, nervous and clear, to a degree which Pope has never exceeded, and not always equalled."— Z>r. Beattie's Essays. Pope's admiration of Dryden is well known. He de- clared that " He could select from his works better specimensof every mode of poetry than any other English writer could supply. " As to his writings. 1 may venture to say in general terms, that no man hath written in our language so much, and so various 1 matter, and in so various manners, so well. . . . His prose had all I the clearness imaginable, together with all the nobleness of ex- I pression. all the graces and ornaments projx'r and peculiar to it, without deviating into the language or diction of poetrv. 1 have heard him frequently own with pleasure, that, if he had'any talent of English pmse. it was owing to liis having often read the writ- ings of the great Archbishop Tillotson. His versification and his numlx*rs he could learn of nobody: for he first possessed those talents in perfection in our tongue: and they who have succeeded in them since his time have been indebted to his example: and the more tbey have been able to imitate him. the better thev have succeeded.'— Conor eve: Dedication o/ Dryden's Dramatic works to t/ie Ihile of Nervcasth. " I cannot pass by that admirable English poet, without endea- vouring to make his country sensible of the obligations they owe to his Muse. ^Vhether they consider the flowing grace of his ver- sification, the vi'.'orous sallies of his fiincy. or the peculiar delicacy of his periods, they will discover excellencies never to be enough admired."— Dr. Garth : JV^/. to the trans, of Ovid's Metamorphoses. See Biog. Brit, where will be found also Hayley's and Churchill's tributes to Dryden, and many other panegyrics well worth perusal. The celebrated controversy between Miss Seward and Mr. "Weston, respecting the comparativo merits of Dryden and Pope, will be found in (Jcnt. Mug., 1789. *90. The opinions of two distinguislied modern critics, one upon the merits of our author as a poet, the DRY other respecting his excellencies as a writer of prose, must conclude our citations: " He is a writer of manly and elastic character. His strong judg- ment gave force as well as direction to a flexible fancy ; and his harmony is generaUy the echo of solid thoughts. But he was not gifted with intense or lofty sensibility ; on the contrary, the grosser any idea is, the happier he seems to expatiate upon it. The trans- ports of the heart, and the deep and varied delineations of the passions, are strangers to his poetry. lie could describe character in the abstract, but could not embody it in the drdma; for he en- tered into character more from clear perception than fervid sym- pathy. This great High-Priest of all the Nine was not a confessor to tlie finer secrets of the human breast. Had the subject of Kloisa fallen into his hands, he would have left but a coarse draught of her p;ission." — (^tmpbrlt's Essay on English Pwtrij. "The prose of Drvden may rank with the best in the Knglish language. It is no less of liis own formation than his versifica- tion; it is eriually spirited and equally harmonious. Without the lengthened and pedantic Sr/ntences of Clarendon, it is dignified when dignity is becoming, and is lively without the accumulation of strained and absurd allusions and metaphnis. which were un- fortunately mistal;en for wit by many of the author's contempora- ries." — Sni Walter Scott. It is ditiicult to conclurle with so many valuable com- ments around us yet lackino; a place, but there must he an end to all articles. The reader can peruse the sul>ject at his pleasure, and, to aid his investigations, we recommend to him the consultation of the following worlds, in addition to the many cited aljove. The biographies, explanatory prefaces, and critical annottttions to he found in many of the specified editions of the poet's worlts, will prove in- valuable auxiliaries to the proper understanding of his productions, and the literary and political history of the time : Miscellaneous Works, Lon., 1702-09, 6 vols. 8vo; 1718, 6 vols. 12mo. Plays, 1725, 6 vols. 12mo. Poems and Translations, 1743. 2 vols. 12mo. Miscellaneous Works, with Explanatory Xotes and Observations; also an account of his Life and Writings, 17f)0, 4 vols. Svo: edited hy Samuel Derrick. Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works ; with Notes and Illustrations, an Account of the Life and Writings of the Author, a Collection of his Writings; hy Edmund Malonc. 1800, 4 vols. Svo. Works, now first col- lected, with Nntcs. Historical, Critical, and Explanatory, and a Life of the Author, by Walter Scott, 1808, 18 vols. r.Svo; 2dedit., 1821. 18 vols. Poetical Works, with Notes by Warton ; edited by Mr. Todd, 1812, 4 vols. Svo. Poems, with Memoir by Rev. John Clifford, 18.34, 5 vols. 12mo; and Boston, 1S54, 5 vols. 12mr<, Ac. Poetical Works, con- taining original Poems, Tales, and Translations; with Notes by the Rev. Joseph Warton, D.D., the Rev. John Warton, and others, 1851, r. Svo. Poetical Works, with Life, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, hy the Rev. George Gilfillan, Edinburgh and New York, IS.io, 2 vols. r. Svo. Reviews of Dryden's Works, and of various editions: Scott's edition, Edin. Rev., xiii. 116; Analect. Mag., ii. 148. Works, Edin. Rev.. (T. B. Macaulay,) xlvii. 1; Blackw. Mag., (John Wilson.) Ivii. 13.3, .503. Dramatic Works, Retrosp. Rev., i. 113. Poetictil Works, Museum, xiii. 162. Prose Works, Retrosp. Rev., iv. 55. Life and Times of Dryden, Eclec. Rev., 4th s., xi. 47. Dryden on Chaucer, (John Wilson,) Blackw. Mag., Ivii. 617, 771. Dry- den and Pope, Blackw. Mag., ii. 679; (John Wilsou,) Ivii. 369. Dryden and his Times, Westm. Rev., Ixiii., number for April." 1S55. Dryden, Johu, 1663?-1701, second son of the pre- ceding, trans, the lltli satire for his father's .Juvenal, and wrote a Comely, for which his father wrote a preface, en- titled The Husband his own Cuckold, Lon., 16S)fi, 4to. In 1776 w.as pub. .from his MS.,Voy!ige to Sicily and MaIta,8vo. Dryden, John, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1788. Drysdale, John, D.D., 1718-1788, a native of Kirk- caldy, ministerof the Tron Church, Edinburgh, Serms., with Life by A. Dalzcl, Edin., 1793, 2 vols. Svo. "The style is everywhere forcible and impressive, and, at the same time, pure, perspicuous, and elegantly simple." — De. Wm. MOODIE. " He possessed a most uncommon fertility of original thought." — Prof. Dalzel. Drysdale, Wm, Popery Dissected, 1799, Svo. Dryswich, Ambrose. The Setting Sun; a Poem, Lon., 1812, Svo. Dnane, James, d. 1797, first Mayor of N. York after its recovery from the British, member of Congress and Judge, pub. a Law Case. See Documentary History of N. York. Duane, Matthew. Coins of Macedonia. The Plates by Bartolozzi,4to. Brockett, 1237, £2 2s. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., ii. 614. Duane, Wm., of Philadelphia, 1760-1835, a native of the province of New York. 1. Mississippi Question, DUG Phila., 1803, Svo. 2. Military Dictionary, Phila., 1810, 8vo. 3. An Epitome of the Arts aud Sciences, 1811. 4. Visit to Colombia in 1822, '23, Rvo. Duane, Wm., b. 1807, at Philadelphia. 1. Passages from the Remembrancer of Christopher Marshall, contain- ing a Revolutionary Journal ; edited by Wm. Duane. Phila., 1839, 12mo. New ed., enlarged, entitled Passages from the Diary of Christopher Marshall, 1849. 2. View of the Re- lation of Landlord and Tenant in Pennsylvania, 1844, Svo. "It does infinite credit to the author, not only fiom the clear- ness of its style, but its lucid and judicious arrangement of the decisions upon the subject." 3. A View of the Law of Roads, Highways, Bridges, and Ferries in Pennsylvania, 1848, 12mo. i. Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate ; their influence upon the health, the intel- lect, and the Moral Nature of Man; translated from the French, IS 16, 12mo. Duane, Wm. J., of Phila., b. 1 780, ,at Clonmel, Ireland. 1. The Law of Nations investigated in a Popular Manner, Phila., 1809, Svo. 2. Letters to the People of Penna. on Internal Improvements, ISU, Svo. 3. Narrative and Cor- resp. cooc. the Removal of the Deposites, 1838, Svo. Du Barry, Edmond L., M.D., Surgeon U.S. Navy. The United Stales: its Power and Progress; trans, from the Frcn.-h of (iuillaiime Tell Poussin, Phila., Svo. Dubois, Edward. The Wreath: translations, 1799, Svo. Old Nick, 1S02, 3 vols. 12mo. Boccaccio's Decame- ron, 1S04, 2 vols. Svo. Francis's Horace, with addit. Notes, 1807. 4 vols. 12mo. My Pocket-Book, 1807, 12mo. Dubois, J. A. 1. The Character, Manners, Customs, and Institutions of the People of India, Lon., 4to; Phila., 2 vols. Svo. 2. Letters on Christianity in India, Lon., Svo. Dubois, P. B. Reflections, Oxon., 1721, Svo. Dubois, Peter. Serms., 1732, '37, Svo. Dubose, Catherine A., a daughter of the Rev. Wm. Richards, is a native of England, but arrived in America whilst yet a child. In 1849 she was married to Mr. Charles W. Dubose, a lawyer of Georgia. Within the last year or two she h.as contributed a number of poetical pieces to the Southern Literary Gazette, edited by her brother, Mr. Wm. C. Richards, of Charleston, South Carolina. Mrs. Duboso is .also a sister of Mr. Thomas A. Richards, a painter and poet, resident in New York. Dubost. Appeal to the Public, 1810, Svo. Dubost, Chr. Merchant's Assist., Lon., 1804, Svo. Elements of Com., 1808, 2 vols. Svo. Commer. Arithmetic, Lon., I2mo. " A very neat, clear, and precise treatise." — Lon. Month. Review. Dubourdieu, John. Serms., ic, 1696-1724. Dubourdieu, John. Statistical Survey of the County of Antrim, Duhl.. 1812. 2 vols. Svo. Dubue, M. Alcohol, Phil. Mag., 1814. Ducarel, Andrew Coltee, 171.3-1785, an eminent antiquary and civilian, commissary of St. Catherine's and Canterbury, pub. a number of topograpliical and antiqua- rian works, a list of which will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit, and notices in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Two of his best-known works are: Anglo-Gallic, Norman, .and Aquitain Coins. Lon., 1757, 4to. A new edit, h.as been long promised. Anglo-Norman Antiquities consideredin a Tour through Normandy, 1767, fol. '■ A valu.Tble work on this particular subject." — SUvenson^s Voy- ages and Tiaids. Ducarel, P. J. Orig. Poems and tr.ans., 1807, or. Svo. De Wyrhale, Svo. Paraphrase of the Psalms, ic, Svo. Duchal, James, 1697-1761, an Irish Nonconformist divine, settled successively at Cambridge, Antrim, and Dublin. Arguments for the truth of the Chris. Relig., 4c., Lon., 1753, Svo. "A work of singular merit." — Kippis. Serm., 2d ed., 1765, 3 vols. Svo. " Our author's style is in general nervous and clear." — Lon. Ciil'- cal Review. Duche", Jacob, D.D., d. 1798, aged about fiO, Rector of Christ's Church and St. Peter's, Philadelphia, was a na- tive of that city. His pulpit oratory was greatly admired. Serin., 1775, Svo. Cispipina's Letters, Phila., 1774, 12mo ; Bath, England, 1777, 2 vols. Svo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, 1774, '77. Letter to Gen. Washington on the Decla- ration of Independence, Bath, 1777, 4to. Discourses on various Subjects, Lon., 1779, 2 vols. Svo; 1790. Three edits. Serm., 1781, 8vo. " His discourses have great warmth and spirit; and at times are in the straiu of our old divines." — Lon. Monthly Review. Duck, Arthur, 1580-1619, .an eminent English civi- lian. Chancellor of London, and M.ister of the Requests. Vita Henrici Chichele, Ac, Oxon., 1017, 4to. In English, aud added to Bates's Lives, Lon., 1681, 4to; and again DUG Cup pub., 1C99. Sro. De Tsu et Auctoritafc .Juris Civilis Eo- innnorum in dominiisprincipum Christianorum, Lon., 10.t3, '7U, 8vo ; several edits, at home and abroad ; added to De Ferriere's Hist, of the Civil Law, Lon., 1724, 8vo. In this worli Buck had the assistance of the learned Dr. Ge- rard Langbaine. Duck, Stephen, who drowned himself in the Thames in a fit of in.'Jajiity, wa.s originally a thresher, but became a clergyman of the Church of England. Ho wrote a good deal of jjoetry, which is only remarkable from the humble condition and limited opportunities of the author. The render will find his biography in Southey's Lives of Un- educated Poets. Poems, Lon., 1730, 8vo;'l736.4to; 1738, 8vo. Truth and Falsehood, a Fable, 1734, fol. Alrick and Is.lbel, a Poem, 1740, fol. Caesar Camp, a Poem, 1755, 4to. Poems, with Memoirs of his Life by Spenee,1794,12mo. Swift indulges in some humour at the expense of Duck's poetical pretensions. Duckett, Sir George. Trans, of Michaclis's BurLil and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, Lon., 1827, 12mo. Mi- chaelis shows that the testimony of the evangelists is suffi- cient to place the resurrection of Christ beyond the reach of doubt. See a review in British Critic and Theolog. Kov., v. 531. Duckett, Thomas. Proceedings concerningthe im- provement of all manner of Land, *tc., Ifi59. Ducy, Sir Simon. Speech against the 12 Bishops accused of High Treason, Lon., 1642. 4to. DuddcU, Benj. Treatises on the Eye, Lon., 1729-36. Dudgeon, G. Overseers of the Poor, Lon., 1838, Svo. Dudgeon, U'm. Unity of God, Ac, 1737, Svo. Dudley. See North. Dudley, Dean, b. 1823. in Kingfield, Maine, a mem- ber of the Boston Bar. 1. The Dudley Genealogies, Bost., 1S48, 8vo. 2. Pictures of Life in England and America, 1851, 8vo. Dudley, Earl. Letters to the Bishop of LlandafF, 2d ed., Lon., 1840, 8vo. '■A most interesting volume." — Lon. Lit. tlazetU. Dudley, C W. Reports Cases Ct. Appeals S. Caro- lina, 1837, '38, Columbia, 1838, Svo ; ditto. Cases at Law, 1837, '38, Columbia, 1838, Svo. Dudley, Dud. Met.-iUum Martis, Lon., 1665, 12mo. Dudley, Edmund, 1462-1510. osccutedfor high trea- son, wrote a book, still in MS., entitled The Tree of the Commonwealth. Dudley, r. Amoroso, a Novel, 1810. Dudley, G. M. Reports Cts. Law and Chancery of Georgi.a, N. York, 1837, Svo. Dudley, Sir Gamaliel. Letter to Prince Rupert, O.\on., 1644, Svo. Dudley, Howard. Hist and Antiq. of Horsham, 1836, sm. Svo. Composed, printed, and the Illustrations engraved and lithographed from original Sketches by a youth under sixteen. Dudley, Rev. Sir Henry Bate, 1745-1824, Bart, LL.D., Prebendary of Ely, was distinguished as a political, literary, and convivial character, and still more as a most energetic magistrate. He established several influential journals, and wrote eight dramatic pieces, for a list of which see Biog. Dramat. The Rival Candidates, a Comic Opera, was pub. in 1775. Svo, and The Travellers in Switzerland, also a Comic Opera, in 1793, Svo; and again in 1794, Svo. Sir Henry also wrote some tracts on political economy. See a biographical notice of this gentleman in the Gent. Mag., vol. seiv., pt 2, 273, 638. Dudley, I^ady Jane. See Grky. Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland, Ac, 1502- 1 .'i53, father-in-law of the preceding, and also executed for high treason. Sayings vpon the Scaffulde, Lon., 1553, Svo ; and s. a, Dudley, John, Archdeacon of Bedford. Sermon on Phil. iii. 16, 1729, Svo; two do. on the Privileges of the Clergy, 1731, Svo. Dudley, John. Serm., Lon., 1807, 4to. Metamor- jihosis of Sona: a Hindoo Tale, 1811, Svo. Dudley, John. Identity of the Niger and the Nilc,lS21. Dudley, Rev. John. Naology; or a Treatise on Saore.l Structures. Lon., 1 846. Svo. The Anti-Materialist; denying the lieality of Matter, 1849, Svo. Dudley, .loshua. His Memoirs, Lon., 1772. Svo. Dudley, Sir MattheAV. On Insects in the Bark of decaying Elms and Ashes, Phil. Trans., 1705. Dudley, Paul, 1675-1751, Chief Justice of Massa- chusetts, pub. 12 treatises on Nat Hist. Ac. in Phil. Trans., 1720-35, and a thcnlog. essay against the Church of Rome. Dudley, Robert, 1532?-158S, Earl of Leicester, sod to John, Duke of Northumberland, and a favourite of Queen Elizabeth. Speeches; preserved in the Cabala, Strvpc's Annals, and Peck's Desiderata Curiosa. Lawcs and Ordinances, Lon., 4to. See Secret Memoirs of the Earl of Leicester, 1706. Svo; His Life, 1727, Svo; Secret Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth. 1706, 8vo. Dudley, Sir Robert, 1573-1639, son of the preced- ing, by the Lady Douglas Sheflield, lived in great magni- ficence at his castle in Florence, where he ended his days. Voyage to the Isle of Trinidad; see Uakluyt's Voyages, p. 574,1698. Catholicon. A Proposition : see Rus'hworth's Collei-tions. Del I'Arcano del Mere, 1636, '46, fol. ; 1661. Dudley, Sir Wm. His Case, fol. Duer, John, LL.D., 1782-1858, an eminent jurist, a native of Albany, N.Y. His publications are : 1. A Lecture on the Law of Representations in Marine Insurances, with Notes and Illustrations, N. York, 1S44, pp. 256. Mr. Ar- nould praises tins work as "vigorous, learned, and original." (Arnould on Mar. Ins., Lon., 1848, vol. i. 489, note.) 2. The Law and Practice of Marine Insurance deduced from a critical examination of adjudged eases, the nature and analogies of the subject, and the general usage of commercial nations, vol. i., pp. 775, N. York, 1845 ; vol. ii., pp. 808, N. York, 1846, Svo. A full review and critical analysis of this ebaborate work, from the pen of Professor Moore of the University of Edinburgh, will be found in the London Magazine and Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence, for November, 1848. Tlie writer says; *' We are confident that this work of Dr. Duer on the important rontrnot of Marine Insurance will not suffer by a conip.'^rison with the «*i itin^s of any other juiist. It is. so far as it has t;one, the most complete and able treatise on the subject which has ever ap- peared in our l.inguage." 3. A Discourse on the Life. Character, and Public Ser- vices of James Kent, late Chancellor of the State of New York, delivered by request before the Judiciary and Bar of the City and State of N. York, April 12, 1848 : N. York, D. Appleton A Co., 1848. " A most able and interesting eulogy."— W. C. Brunt. 4. Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supe- rior Court of the City of' N. York ; vol. v. Mr. Duer waa one of the revisers of the laws of New York ; and in con- junction with his colleagues, the Hi>n. Bcnj.amin F. Butler and the Hon. John C. Sponcer, has published three editions of the Revised Statutes of that State. He w.as Chief-Jus- tice of the Superior Court of the city of New York, and official reporter of its decisions, at the time of his death. Duer, William Alexander, 1780-1858, brother of the preceding. Their father was Col. Wm. Duer. a pro- minent delegate to the Continental Congress, and their mother was a daughter of Lord Stirling, of the Revolution. Both brothers occupied a high position in their native State. They died within a few weeks of each other. Ho was the author of two pamphlets addressed to Cadwallader D. Colden on the Steamboat Controversy. Dufay. Oil of Olives as a Cure for the Bite of Vipers ; Phil. Trans., 1738. Duff, A. Feudal Rights, Edin., 1838, Svo. Deeds, chiefly aflecting Movables, 1840, Svo. Comment on Re- cent Stat in Conveyancing, 1847, Svo. Duff, Alexander, D.D., b. 1808, Perthshire, Scot- land, of the Free Church of Scotland Mission, Calcutta, Missi(ms the Chief End of the Christian Church, Edin., 1839, ISmo. On India and India Missions, 1839, Svo. " India and India Missions will doubtless take a high place in the Christian literature not merely of the day but of the age, and greatly extend the missionary spirit and zeal of the country." — Guardian. See also Presbyterian Keview. The Jesuits : their Origin, Ac. ; 2d ed., 1845, Svo. Mis- sionary Addresses, 1850, fp. Svo. Addresses at the Asseni. of the Free Church, 1851, fp. Svo. Other works on Missions. The Indian Rebellion : its Causes and Results. 1858, Svo. Duff, James Grant. A Hist of the Mahrattas, Lon., 1826, 3 vols. Svo. '•Besides the records of the Mahratta Governments of Poona and Satara, and those of the English East India Company, the authorities for- this work are from a great variety of authentic sources, hitherto inaccessible to the public." Dnff, p. North American Accountant, N. York, Svo. A comprehensive and valuable work. Duff, Rev. W. Original Genius, 1767, Svo. Criti- cisms on Poetry, 1770, Svo. History of Rhedi. Letters, 1807, Svo. Duff, Wm. His Case, 1739, Svo. Hist of Scotland from Robert Bruce to James VI., Lon., 1750. fol. Duffcriu, Lady, grandilaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton, has written many luqnilar songs and ballads, of which the Irish Emi- grant's Lament is the best known. DUF Singular conduct of Sir W. Lewes, Dufferin, Lord. Letters from Ilisb LatiUiilos: Tieing some account of a Yacht-Voyage to Icclan.l, Jan Mayen, and SpitzbcrfTcn in 1S56, Lon., cr. Svo. Highly commended. Duffett, Thomas. New Poems, S.mgs. Prologues, and Epilogues, L.ui.. lOTH. Svo. See a list ..f his [days in Biog. Dramat. He ridiculed Dryden. Shadwcll, and Settle. " A vein of scurrility and personal ill-uaturo is anljarent." Duliie, C. R. Serms. for Children, N. York, ISmo. Sorms., 2 viils. Svo. , . Dulfield, George, 1732-1790, a Presbyterian minister of Philadelpliia. Tour with Mr. Beatty along the frontiers of Penna. Thanksgiving Sermon for the restoration of Peace, 1783. . a ■ ■. i Dutfield, George, b. 1 794, in Pennsylvania. Spiritual Life Svo. Dissertation on the Prophecies, 16mo. Mil- lenai-ianism Defended, Ifimo. Fugitive Discourses on Slavery, Capital Punishment, Ac. Claims of Episcopal Bishop's Examined, !6nio. Obligation and Perpetuity of the Christian Sabbath, IGino. Contributor to the Biblical Kepository. Presbyterian Mag., Ac Dutfield, John. Dufief, N. G. Nature Displayed in teaching French, 19th ed., Lon., 1841. 2 vols. p. Svo; 2l6t ed., Phila., 2 vols. Svo; Spanish, 1S26, 2 vols. Svo. " The Krc.itest merit of Mr. DuBef s system is, in our opinion. Its being so perf.otiv adapted to Koglish people."-I.on. Muga:me^ Pronouncing Fr. and Eng. Diet,, new ed.. 1847, p. Svo. Dufour, Alex. Letter resp. the Naval Pillar. 1799. Dufour, \V. Diseases of the Urinary Passages, Ac., Lon.. 1794, ISftl, 'OS, Svo. Cure of Rupture, Svo. Dufton, Will. Deafness and Diseases of the Ear, Lon , 1844. 12mo. Amer. ed., Phila.. 1848, 12mo. Duganne, Augustine J. H.,bnrn 1823, in the city of Boston, is the author of many contributions to our na- tional literature, both in verso and prose. " Of the former he has pub. : Home Poems, Ticknor, Bos- ton, 1844, ISmo. The Iron Harp, Philada., 1847, ISmo. The Lvdian Queen, a Tragedy, produced at the Walnut St. Theatre, Pbihi., 1848. MDCCCXLVIIL, or the Year of the People, 1849. Parnassus in Pillory, a Satire, Adrianee & Co., N.York, 1851. The Mission of Intellect, a Poem, delivered at Metropolitan Hall, Jan. 20, 1852. The Gospel of La- bour, a Poem, delivered before Mercantile Library, N. York, 1853. The True Republic: delivered in N. Y'ork, 1854, Poetical ^Vl.rks, Phila., 1856, Svo; illustrateil : the first complete collection of his poems. Pro.se-Writings : a series of critiques on contemporary authors, published in Sartain's Magazine under the title of 'Revised Leaves:' several Dramas, twenty or thirty Novelettes and Romances, and a large number of papers upon a variety of subjects, under various iinma tic plume, in the different magazines and jour- n,als of the day." We subjoin a criticism from the pen of Wm. H. Burleigh : " Mr. Duiianne's lyric;il powers are characterized by a nervous energy, a generous sympathy with humanity, a wonderful com- mand of language, and an ardent hatred of wrnnjx and oppression in all their forms. Tliese poems we have read with a keen delight and a growing admiration of their author's genius. They have a distinct character of their own— and are evidently the strong, un- restrained, and indignant utterances of a bold spirit, deeply pene- trated with a love for its kind, and intolerant of all despotisms." Dugard, Samuel. Thcolog. treatises, 1673, '87. Dugard, Thomas. Death and the Grave, 1649. Dugard, Wm., 1605-1662, an eminent schoolmaster, pub. a Ijreek Lexicon and other educational works, 1660, Ac. Dugdale, Gilbert. The Time Triumphant, or the Arrival of King James into England, Lon., 1604, 4to. Dugdale, Sir John, son of Sir William Dugdale. A Catalogue of the Nobility of England according to Prece- dencies, Lon., 1685, a single folio sheet; reprinted with addits. in 1690. Dugdale, Richard. Wicked Plots carried on by Seignior Genelamon, 1679, Ac. Dugdale, Stephen. His Information at the Bar of Commons, 1680, fol. Dugdale, Sir William, 1605-1686, ore of the most distinguished of the many learned antiquaries of whom England can boast, was a native of Shustoke, near Coles- hill, Warwickshire. He was educated at the free-school of Coventry, and afterwards instructed in civil law and history by his father. In 1638 he settled in London, and formed an acquaintance with several noted antiquaries, whose influence promoted his taste for the departments of learning in which they delighted. By the aid of Sir Henry Spclman he was created a pursuivant-at-arms ex- traordinary, by the n.ame of Blauch Lyon; in 11540 was made Rouge-Croix-pursuivant in ordinary, and in 1677 DUG was solemnly created Garter principal king-.at-arms. The ne.xt day. much against his will, the king conferred upon him the hmiour of knighthood. To this step Charles IL was no doubt incited by gratitude, as much as by the ex- traordinary merits of the antiqu.ary, for Dugdale had been one of the' most devoted adherents of Charles I. We pro- ceed to notice his principal works: 1. Monasticon Angli- canuni, Londini, 1655, '61, '73, 3 vols. fol. Vols. i. and ii. were collected and written by Roger Dodsworth, but ar- ranged, supplied with indexes, and corrected through the press, by Dugdale. Dodsworth died before the tenth part of the first vol. was printed. The general preface to the Monasticon was written by Sir John Marsham. Vol. i. was reprinted with addits. in 1682, and the whole work was epitomized in English, page by page, by James Wright, the historianof Rutlandshire, in 1695, 1 vol. fol. Another edit., abridged, in English, was pub. in 1718, fob, and two adilitional vols., entitled The History of the Ancient Ab- beys, Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedrals, and Collegiate Churches, were pub. in 1722, '23, fob, by Capt. John Ste- vens. Mr. Peck announced a fourth vol. as nearly ready in 1735, (never pub..) and left some MS. vols, in 4to, now in the British Museum. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and Ayscough's Catalogue, vol. i., p. 65-67. A new ediU of the Monasticon, considerably enlarged and improved by John Caley, Henry Ellis, and the Rev. B. Bandinel.D.D., was pub. in 54 parts, 1817-30, at £141 15«.: on imp. fob, large paper, proofs. £283 10». Re-issue, 1846, 8 vols, fob, £31 10«. ; in 1849 at 20s. pr. part. Pub. as Coney's Archi- tecture of the Middle Ages, in parts, containing 12 plates, at one guinea each. The new edit., 1817-30, (again, 1846, Ac.) of the Monasticon, contains 241 views of ecclesiasti- cal edifices— Monasteries, Abbeys, Priories, Ac. — engraved by Coney after the originals by Hollar and King. "Cette edit, renferme toute la substance de la continuation de Stevens, d'autres augmentations et les notes des Sditeurs; en outre, beaucoup de nouvelles figures sont ajnutSes aux anciennes, ([ue Ton a copiies avec exactitude. Tels sont les avantages qui la font preferer aux premieres edit." — Bkonet: Manurl. d-c. "This New Eiiitiox is the onlv one which can be hereafter con- sulted for information, or quoted for authority, on subjects con- nected with Church Historv and Ecclesiastical Property. . . It may bo honestly avowed that the annals of the Press, in no country throughout Europe, can hoast of a noliler performance : whether on the score of accuracv.ind folnessof intelligence, or of splendour of paper, type, and graphic embellishments."- WMin's Library Compamim. To give some idea of the vast expense of the new edit., we need only mention that the cost of drawing and en- graving the plates was six thousand guineas ! Of the value of this great work it would be difficult to speak in terms of exaggeration : '• Next to Doomsd.ay Book, it is the most ancient and ample re- cord of the history and descent of the greatest portion of the landed priipertv of this country, and has been admitted as evidence in a court of justice, where the original documents had perished. To the Clergv this work possesses an interest not only of an antiqua- rian and historical character, but one which has a more solid claim to THElB NOTICE. Bv its mcaus they are freijuently enabled to set- tle, without employing the costly machinery of the law, disputed questions respi^cting the property of the Church; and a reference to a verv copious index added bv the Editors to the Work, will show at' once that there is scarCLdy a single parish which is not mentioned in its pages. „. . . .. -Tlio Clergy, the Lawyer, tho Antiquary, the Ilistorian, the Architect, and Topographer, as well as the possessor of real pro- perty, will find the Monasticon ANoiiciNtiM one of the most inte- resting and in dispensable works that has ever issued from the press of this country." The reader will find some valuable remarks on this work, and many interesting particulars respecting the author, in Tho Life, Diary, and Correspondence of Dugdale, by Win. Hamper, 1S27, r. 4to. 2. The Antiquities of Warwickshire, 1656, fob This work was the result of twenty years' indefatigable research. "It must stand at the he.id of all our county histories."— Oovoir. " There are works which scrupulous accuracy, united with stub- born integrity, has elevated to the rank of legal evidences; such is Dugdale's SVarwickshire."— Da. WniTAKEn. Second edit., revised, augmented, .and continued by Wm. Thomas, D.D., 1730, 2 vols. fol. Mr. Gough charges Dr. Thomas with being careless m his authorities, and giving himself very little pains to ob- tain information. The Antiquities of Warwickshire Illus- trated. Coventry. 1765, fol. This wretched affair was pub. by a bookseller, who could not bo punished by banishment to Coventry, as he already graced that famous locality. 3. Tho History of St. Pnul'.s Cathedral in London, from its first foundation. Lon., 1658, fol. ; 2d edit., corrected by tho author's own hand, with autobiog. details, by Edward May- nard, D.D., 1716, fol. New edit., with a continuation and addit. matter, and some new plates, by Sir Henry Ellis, 1818. fol. This edit, is printed in double columns, and the ' 42? DUG DUN plates, principally by W. Fiiulen, are faitiiful copies from the originals. Tiie addit. plates are illustrations of the present cathedral. 4. The History of Imbanking and Drayuing of divers Ferns and Marshes, 1662, fol. This valuable worit was published '• At the instance of the Lord tJorges and others, who were the principal adventurers in that costly and laud.iMe undertaking tor drainin;!: the threat level ext#ndiiij; into a considerable part of the counties of Cambridge, Huntingdon, Northampton, Norfolk, and Suffolk."— WciOD. Second edit., revised and corrected, with three indexes, by Charles Nalson Cole, 1772. fol. 5. Origines Juridiciales; or Hist. Memoirs of the English Laws. Ctmrts of Justice, Forms of Trial, Ac, 1666, foL; 2d edit., with addits. in the Savoy, Lon., 1671, fol. j 3d edit., with addits., Lon., 1680, fol. *' Uur tirst inquiries after the History of the Laws of this king- dom onirht to beL'in with the careful rcadint: of Sir William Dug- dale's Oi-igiiics Jtiridiciiihs ; which we shall find so accurately penned, and «itU so good a mixture of learning and judi^mcnt, that 'twill almost do the work alone. I cannot give a better view of this most elaborate treatise, than by telling the reader that it fully answers its title-page." — Bishop Nicolson : Eiig. Hist. Lib. 6. Chronica Juridicialia, 1658, Svo. A good abridgement of the above. The compiler ^vni^ faithful, in one sense at least, for he transfers Sir William's materials by wholesale to his own pages, at which unblushing piracy old Anthony Wood waxes wroth ; " Published," says he, *' by some down- right plagiary, purposely to get a little money." 7. The Baronage of England, 1675, '76, :i vols, in 2, fol. "A work abounding in the most valuable information." — Rev. J. Hunter: Nisi, of ILdlamshiv.. " A work which will exist to the latest age, as a monument of its author's historical knowledge and antiquarian learning." " The Baronage is distinguished by the most laborious research and extraoidinaryaccuiucy, and confers honour upon its author." — Sir N. Harhis Nicolas. 8. Short View of the late Troubles in England, Oxf., 1681, fol. 9. The Antient Usage in bearing of Arras, Oxf., 16.S2, 12mo; 16S3, '85, '90. New edit., with addits. by T. C. Banks, 1811, fol. 10. A Perfect Copy of all Summons of the Nobility to the Great Councils and Parliaments of this Eealme, Lon., 1685, fol. Sir William also pub. a second Tol. of Sir Henry Spelmau's Councils in 1664: John Sel- den's Discourse concerning the office of Lord Chancellor of England in 1672, fol.; and wrote part of the folio pul). in 1716, fol., giving an account of a number of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches. He was the chief promoter of Somner's Saxon Diction.ary, Oxon., 1659, fol. We have already referred the reader to Hamper's Life of Sir William Dugdale: we also notice a life of him in the Heraldic Mis- cellanies, pub. by the Rev. James Dallaway ; another Life from an original MS., 1713, Svo, and letters between Dug- dale and Sir Thomas Browne in the postliumous works of the latter, 1712, 8vo. We may appropriately conclude our notice of this great man with the fervid eulogy of a Her- cules in the same field of research: " What Bugdiile hath done is prodigious. His memory ought to be venerated and had in everlasting remembrance." — Anthony Wood. As an illustration of the term "prodigious," we may re- mark that Sir William left 27 folio MS. vols., written by 7ii« onm hanil. to the University of Oxford ; and these con- tain the collections for only two of his works, viz.: The Antiquities of Warwickshire, and the Baronage of Eng- land. Of 16 other MS. vols., part of his legacy, some were also in his own h.andwriting. These monuments of indus- try, learning, and research are now in the Bodleian Li- brary, the Heralds' College, and the Ashinolean Museum. Sir William's daughter was married to the famous Elias Ashmole: of this learned antiquary, anil his widow, we have already discoursed at length on a preceding page. See AsHMoi.K, Elias. If any of our countrymen — who are not generally sup- posed to feel the most lively interest in the records of the past, save as they pertain to the title-deeds and other secu- rities of real estate — feel inclined to blame us for lingering long over the names of the Ashnioles, the Camdcns, the Gonghs, and the Nicholses, of whom a utilitarian age is not worthy, we shall commend to their meditations the fol- lowing true maxim, with the hope of a profitable result: " A contem(>t tor antiquity is rightly considered as the m.trk of a mean and narrow intellect, of an uneducated and illiberal mind.'' Where would have been the history, the art, the philoso- phy, of past ages, had there been no provideut conserva- tors, wise for all generations, to transmit these precious relics to their descendants? Diigmore, Thomas. Manor of Milhourne, 1800,8vo. Diigiicl, Patrick, M.D. Convulsive Disorder; Med. Com., 1777. Virtue of the Wild Cabbage; Ess. Phys. and Med., 1760. ^ Dugue, Charles Oscar, b. 1821, in New Orleans; educated in Paris. 1. Essais Pofdiques, with a Preface by A. Rouquette, of Louisiana. In 1850 he pub. two dramatic works, Mila, or The Death of La Salle on the discoveries of the mouth of the Mississippi River ; and Mingo, or The Dying Swan, a celebrated Indian Chief. I>iihigg, Bart. King's Inn Remembrancer, Dubl., 1805, .Hvo. Hist, of the King's Inns, ISO", Svo. Diihriii;;, Henry, M.D. Art of Living, Lon., 1843, p. Svo. Remarks on the United States, 1843, p. Svo. Es- says on Human Happiness, 1848, fp. Svo. ■• Happy is life, when sound health, pure feelings, rational thrtughts, and noble deeds comtiine to exalt its earthly course. Then man reveals in himself the image of the Deity, and his home becomes a Paradise." Ouigenaii, Patrick, 1735-1816, an Irish civilian, M.P. for Old Leighlin, and afterwards for Armagh. La- chrymfc Academica;. Political pamphlets and Speeches, 178i;-1810. Diiillier, N. F. L;ititude at Sea, 170S. l)iike. Rev. Edward. Prolusiones Historicae, or Essays illustrative of the Halle of John Halle of Salisbury, Salisb., 1837, Svo; vol. i. ; all pub. " We have never encountered any antiquarian disquisitions that were so amusing, delightful, and instructive." — Lon. Mtmthlij Jiev. Druidical Temples of the county of WiIts,Lon.,lS46,i2mo. *' His collections on the literature of Wiltshire are nowhere sur- passed." — Sali^lmry Journal. Duke, Francis. Free Grace, 1655, '56, 4to. Duke, George. The Law of Charitable Uses, with the learned readings of Sir Francis Moore, Lon., 1676, fol. "It was always considered as a stand.ard authority upon this branch of the law." — Bridg. Lt';/. Bill. After being neglected for more than a century, this work was revived and continued by Mr. R. W. Bridgman, Lon., 1805, Svo. Duke, Richard, d. 1711, Prebendary of Gloucester, was educated at, ami Fellow of. Trinity College, Cambridge. He was intimate with Otway. engaged with some others in the tr.anslations of Ovid and Juvenal, and wrote a number of poems. " In his Pieview, though unfinished, are some vigorous lines. His poems are not below mediocrity ; nor have I found much in them to be praised." — Dr.JiJuuon's Lif- of Dtikc. Serm., 1703; two serms., 1704; fifteen, 1714, Svo. *' In his sermons, besides liveliness of wit. pui ity and correctness of style, and justness of argument, we see many line allusions to the ancients, several beautiful passages handsomely incorporated in the train of his own thoughts : and. to s.ay all in a woi-d. clas.sic learning and a Christi.^n spirit.''— Dn. If. Fei'ton.w* Rntilingthf. C Duke, R. T. W., and Francis H. Smith. Ame- rican Statistical Arithmetic, Phila. See Smith, Francis U. Duke, Wm. Lectures on the S.acraments, 1789. Dulaney, Daniel. Considerations on the Policy ol imposing l;ixes in tlie Brit. Colonies, Lon., 1766, Svo. Dumbcll, John. Matheuiat. treatises, 1808, '09. Dummer, Jeremiah, d. 1729, a native of Boston, wrote several theolog. treatises, a defence of the New Eng land Charter.s, Lon., 1728, Svo, and 1766; and a Letter to a Noble Lord concerning the expedition to Canada, 1712. Dumon, Wm. Cantus ; The Former Book of the Mu- sick of William Dumon, 1591, 4to. Dun, Lord. See Erskine, David. Dun, Uarclay. Quadrilles, 1818. Dnu, James. Scrm., Edin., 1792, Svo. Dun, John. Serms., Kilm., 1790, 2 vols. Svo. Dunbar, David. Covenants, Lon., 1646. Dunbar, George, 1774-1851, appointed Professor of Greek in the University of Edinburgh, 1805, discharged the duties of this post until within a few months of his death. He pub. a number of useful educational works, 1812-44, the principal of which is his Greek-English and English-Greek Lexicon, the fruit of eight years' laborious application, 1840, Svo; 3d cd., 1S5.3, Svo. The following commendation of a distinguished Grecian must have been '■'B'^ly gratifying to Professor Dunbar: 'J/;/ Drur Lord:— I am greatly obliged to you for having jx-r- niitted me to see Professor Dunbar's Greek Lexicon. It is infinitely the best work which I have ever seen. It has already been of groat service to me, who, as you know, am an humble but a most ardent votary of Greek literature. It will tend more to extend the study of Greek than any work now extant."— JVic Marquis of WeUeski/ lo Loi-d Brotiifhian. Augud 17. IS41. Dunbar, James, LL.D., Prof, of Philos. in the Univ. of Aberdeen. Esstiys on the Hist, of Mankind in rude and uncultivated Ages, Lon., 1781, Svo : 2J ed., with addits., 1782, Svo. " A very ingenious book." — Dr. Johnson. Dunbar, John. Epigrammatum, Lon., 1016, Svo. Dunbiir, William, 14(i3?-1530, a native of Salton, East Luthiau, Scullaud, was educated at the University DUN DUN of St. Andrew's, and afterwards, becoming a Franciscan friar, travelled in Scotland, England, and France, as a mendicant preacher. He was subsequently employed in a diplomatic capacity by James IV., and resided at his court in receipt of a pension. Of his poems but little was known until the beginning of the last century, when many of them were printed from the MSS. in which they had long re- posed. Some of his pieces had been pub. by Chapman and Millar in 150S. Thirty of Dunbar's productions are to be found in the Ancient Scottish Poems, pub. from the MS. of George Bannatyne. In 1834 a complete edit, of his works was pub. by David Laing. He excels both in moral and humorous poetry ; and is peculiarly happy in en- listing allegory in the advocacy of truth. His principal allegorical poems are. The Thistle and Rose. The Dance of the Seven Deadly Sins through Holl. and The Golden Terge. The Twa Married Women and the Widow exhibits a specimen — not the most delicate in the world — of bis Tein of humour. Whether the Friars of Berwick be really his, seems matter of some doubt. The Merle and Night- ingale may be cited as a poem of great merit. Sir AV alter Scott declares that Dunbar is *' unrivalled by any poet that Scotland has yet produced," and Mr. EHis also styles him the ** greatest poet that >Scotland has pro- duced." This is surely high praise. For an elaborate review of Dunbar's poetry, we must refer the reader to Warton's Hist, of English Poetry. See also Biog. Brit. ; Pinkerton's Ancient Scottish Poets; Lives of the Scottish Poets. Warton remarks, after an examination of the Daunce : "I have been prolix in my citations and explanations of this poem, because I am of opinion that the ima^'ination of Dunbar is not less suited to satirif-al than to sublime allegory; and that h.- is the first poet who has appr ared with any degree of spirit in this way of writing since I'iers Plowman. His Tliistle and Rose and Golden Terge are generally meutioued as his capital works, but the natural complexion of his genius is of the moral and didactic cast." — Hist, of English Poetri/. But Mr. Pinkerton thinks that this judgment must not be taken too strictly : " The Goldin Terge is moral ; and so are many of his small pieces : but humour, description, allegory, great practical genius, and a Tast wealth of words, all unite to form the complexion of Dun- bars poetry. He unites in himself, and generally sui-passes. the qualities of the chief old English poets; the morals and satire of Langland: Chaucer's humour, poetry, and knowledge of life; thy allegory of Gower; the description of Lydgate."— .S'co/^s7i Ftiets. The Golden Terge, though moral in its design, is a pa- rody on the Popish litanies; surely an unfit subject for Buch a purpose. Mr. Ellis unites in the general commendation of Dun- bar's poetry : "Dunbar's peculiar excellence is much good sense and sound morality, expressed with force and conciseness. His style, whether grave or humorous, whether simple or ornanieuted, is always energetic; and though all his compositions cannot be exjwcted to possess equal merit, we seldom find in them a weak or redundant Btauza.."—.'erland county, England. He commenced the practice of medicine in London in 1819,- Professor of Medicine in the University of Virginia, 1824-33; Profes- sor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics. &c. in the University of Maryland, 1833-36; Professor of the Institutes of Medi- cine and Meilical Jurisprudence in Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia, from 1836 to the present time, (1858.) Dr. D. is one of the vice-presidents of the American Philo- 63tt DUN sophical Society, and a member of numerous scientific and literary societies at home and abroad. We annex a list of his many valuable contributions to medical science : Author OF : 1. Commentaries on Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels of Children. Lon., 1824, Svo. 2. An Introduction to the Study of Grecian and Roman Geography, by Geo. Long, Esq., and himself, Charlottes- ville, 1829, Svo; the Roman by Dr. D. 3. Human Physiology. with numerous illustrations,Phila., 1832, 2 vols. Svo; 8th ed., 1856. 4. A new Dictionary of Medical Science and Literature, containing a concise account of the various subjects and terms, with the Synonymes in difl'erent languages, Ac, Boston, 1833, 2 vols. Svo". The seci.nd and subsequent edi- tions were published in Philadelphia in one volume; 15th edit., 1S5S. 5. On the In8uence of Atmosphere and Locality, Change of Air and Climate, Seasons, Food, Clothing. Ac. on human health, constituting Elements of Hygiene, Phila., 1835, Svo. The second edition was published under the title of Human Health, Ac, Phila,, 1844, Svo. 6. General Therapeutics, or Principles of Medical Prac- tice, with tables of the chief remedial agents and their preparations, and of the different poisons and their anti- dotes, Phila., 1S36, Svo. To the second edition — in two volumes — Materia Medica was added. The 6th edition was published in 1857. In all the editions, except the first, there were numerous illustrations. 7. The Medical Student, or Aids to the Study of Medicine, including a glossary of the terms of the science, and of the mode of prescribing, bibliographical notices of medical works, the regulations of different medical colleges of the Union, Ac, Phila., 1837, Svo; 2d edition, modified, Phila., 1S44. 8. New Remedies; the method of preparing and admi- nistering them ; their efi'ects on tho healthy and diseased economy, Ac, Phiha., 1839, Svo ; 7th edit., 1856. 9. The Practice of Medicine, or a Treatise on Special Pathology and Therapeutics, Phila., 1842, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit., 1S4S. 10. An Appeal to the People of Pennsylvania on the subject of an Asylum for the Insane Poor of the Common- wealth, Phila., iSSS, Svo. 11. A Second Appeal on the same subject, Phila., 1840, Svo. 12. A Public Discourse in Commemoration of Peter S. Duponceau, LL.D., late President of the American Philo- sophical Society, delivered before the Society on the 25th of October, 1844, Phila., 1844. Svo. 13. On the Blind, and Institutions for the Blind in Europe ; a Letter to the President of the Board of Managers of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, Phila., 1S54, Svo. 14. Numerous Introductory Lectures to his Class in the Universities of Virginia and Maryhind. and in Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia; and Charges to Gradu- ates : the Introductory of 1854, '55, comprising Recollec- tions of Europe in 1S54. EniTOR OF : 1. On the Use of the Moxa as a Therapeu- tical Agent, by Baron D. J. Larrey, translated from the French, with Notes and an Introduction, containing a his- tory of the substance, Lon., 1822, Svo. 2. Formulary for the preparation and mode of employing several new remedies, viz. : Morphine, Iodine, Ac, trans- lated by Charles Thomas Haden, Esq. ; 2d edit., with nu- merous alterations and additions, Lon., 1824. 12mo. 3. Appendix to do., Lon.. 1824, 12mo. The Formulary was reprinted in Phila., 1825. 4. The Surgeon's Vade Mecum of Dr. Hooper; 3d edit., greatly enlarged, Lon., 1824, 12mo. Dr. Dunglison's name did not appear. 6. Medical Clinics of the Hospital Neckar, by M. Bri- cheteau ; translated by Dr. D., but not so stated, Phila., 1837, Svo. 6. Outlines of Physiology, with an Appendix on Phre- nology, by P. M. Roget, M.D.. Ac. ; revised, with nume- rous notes. Philii., 1S39, Svo. Name not on the title-page. 7. Outlines of a course of Lectures on Medical Jurispru- dence, by Thomas Stewart Traill, M.D., F.R.S.E.; re- vised, with numerous notes, Phila., 1841, Svo. Name not on title-page. 8. The Cyclopaidia of Practical Medicine, by Drs. Forbes, Tweedie, and Conolly : thoroughly revised, with numerous additions, Phila., 1845, 4 vols. Svo. 9. The London Medical Repository, edited by James Copland, M.D., and Robley Dunglison, M.D. Vols. 19 and 20, and new series, vol. i., Lon., 1823. '24. 10. Tho Medical Intelligencer, or Monthly Compendium DUN BUN of Medical, Chirurgicnl, and Scientific Knowledge, vol. iv., Lull., 1S23, 8vo. The earlier vuluines were edited by Messrs. Armstrong. Alcock, Iladcn, and others. 11. The Virginia Literary Museum and Journal of Belles- Lcttres, Arts, Sciences, Ac, edited at the University of Vir- ginia, by Professors Geo. Tucker and DunglisonjCharlottes- ville, 1830, 8vo. Names not on title-page. 12. The American Medical Library and Intelligencer; a concentrated Record i»f Medical Science and Literature, Phila., 1S37 to 1842, inclusive, Svo. A Journal, and a re- print of valuable foreign works. CoNTniBiTOR to: The Monthly Magazine, Lon., 1817, '18; The Annals of Philosophy, Lon., 1820; The London Medical Repository, 1823, '24; The Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts, 1824 ; The London Quarterlv Review, 1823; The Eclectic Review. 1823, '24; The Universal Re- view, 1824; The American Quarterly Review, 1827, and afterwards; The Virginia Literary Museum, 1830; The Baltimore Medical and Surgical Journal, 1834 ; The North American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science, 1834, *35; The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1832, and afterwards; The American Cyclopedia of Medicine and Surgery, 1834, *35 ; The British and Foreign Medical Review, 1836; The Medical Examiner, Phila., 1S38, and afterwards; &c. So great has been the demand for Dr. Dunglison's works, that of the Medical Lexicon, General Therapeutics and Materia Medica, Practice of Medicine, Human Physiology, Human Health, and New Remedies, the sale to 1858, wo have reason to believe, had been upwards of one hundred thousand volumes ! Of the many notices before us of these valuable works from British and American authorities, we have room for a few only, and these must be abbre- viated. Medical Lexicon, 12th ed.. lS55;li'tIh ed. enlarged, 1858. " An admiralile work, and indispensable to all literary medical men. The laboxir which has been bestowed upon it is something prodigious. . . . Ilevisfd and corrected from titiie to time. Dr. Dun- glison's Medical Lexicon will last for centuries." — Brit, and For. Med. Chir. Rev. " A miracle of labour and industry in one who has written able and voluminous works on nearly every bi-anch of medical science. ... It is almost as iudispensable to the other learned prolessions as to our own. . . . From a careful examination of the present edition, we can vouch for its accuracy, and for its being brought quite up to the date of publication.'*— Dui/^. Quart Jour, of Med. Science. '"The most comprehensive and best English dictionary of medi- cal terms extant"— I injl'i I" M'd. J'd, Scinnies; Boston Med. Jouj.; Edin. Jour. of Med. Science; Lon. Mt-d. Times and fJazette. General Therapeutics and Materia Medica,fith edit.,1857. "Asa text-book for students, for whom it is particularly designed, we know of none superior to it." — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Jour. "We consider this work unequalled." — Bostoti Med. and .Surg. Journal. See also Charleston Med. Journal and Review; Western Lancet; N. Orleans Med. and Surg. Jour.; N. York Jour, of Med. The Practice of Medicine, 3d edit., 1848. _" Upon every topic embraced in this work, the latest information will be found carefully posted up." — Med. Examiner. " It is certainly the most complete treatise of which we have any knowledge." — W'stei-n Jour, of Med. and Surg. See also Boston Med. and Surg. Jour.; Southern Med. and Surg. Jour. Human Physiology, 7th edit., 1830 ; Sth ed., 1856. " It has long since taken rank as one of the medical classics of our language. To say that it is by far the best text-book of phy- siology ever published iu this country, is but echoing the general testimony of the profession. '—A' r-rk Jour, of Med. "It is the completest work on Physiology in the English lan- guage, and is highly creditable to the author and publishers."— Qinaduin Mai. Jour. "The best work of the kind in the English language, and is highly creditable to the author and publishers." — SUHman^sJour. See also Amer. Med. Jour.; Western Lancet. New Remedies, with Formulae for their Administration, 6th edit.. 1853. " The great learning of the author, and his remarkable industry in pushing his researches into every source whence information la derivable, have enabled him to throw together an extensive mass of fects and statements, accompanied by full reference to authorities ; which last feature renders the work practically valuable to inves- tigat/irs who desire to examine the original papers." — Amer. Jour of Pharmacy. See also New York Med. Gaz.; Southern Med. and Surg. Jour. Dunham, S, Astley, LL.D., d. 1858, in London. Hist, of Poland, 183(1, 12mo. " A very carefully and competently written compendium." —ion. Eclectic Review. Hist, of Spain and Portugal, 1832, 5 vols. 12mo. "The very best work on the subject with which we are ac- quainted."— ion. Athenieum. See also Athen., 1858, 111. " A work of acuteiict^s and information." — Wm. 11. Prescott. Hist, of Europe duriuir the Middle Ages, 1833-36, 4 vols. " A work which may lie r.'giir'li.-il ;i.s a sacrifice of a very learned and very laborious writer to the wants and curiosity of the world." — Lon. Athen. Hist, of the Germanic Empire, 1837, 3 vols. 12mo. "This compi'Tidiura is masterly; being clear, rich, and exten- sive." — Lon. Miiuthly Review. Hist, of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, 1839, '40, 3 vols. 12mo. These valuable works are all pub. in Lardner'a Cyclopaedia. Lives of English Dramatists, by R. Bell, Esq., Dr. Dunham, kc, 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. The Early Writers of Great Britain, by the same, 1840, fp. 8vo. Duukin, A.J. Report of the Brit. Arch. Assoc, Lon., 1845, 8vo. Memoranda of Springhead, 1848, Svo. Dunkiii, John. Divinity of the Son of God, 1783, 8vo. Dunkiii, John. Hist, and Antiq. of Bromley, 1815, Svo; of Bicester, 1810, Svo. Hist, and Antiq. of the Hun- dreds of BuUington and Ploughley, Oxfordshire, 1823, 2 vols. 4to. Printed at the expense of Sir G. P. Turner; only 70 copies intended for sale. Hist, and Antiq. of Dartford, Kent, 1844, 8vo. Dunkin, Wm., D.D. Epistles, Dubl., 1741, '60. Po- etical Works, Epistles, &q., 1774, 2 vols. 4to. Dunlap, Andrew, 1794-1835, a native of Mass. Admiralty Practice in Civil Cases of Maritime Jurisdic- tion, Phila., 1836, 8voj 2d ed., N. York, ISoO. " This work is pronounced, by the most competent judges, to be learned, accurate, and well digested."—! KenVs Oim. 381, Note. Dunlap, J. I>. Book of Legal Forms, Phila., 1 852, Svo. Dunlap, John A. Justice of Peace in N. York. 8vo. Abridgt. of 12th and 13th Books of Coke's Rep<'rts, N. York, 1813, 8vo. Prac. Supr. Ct. of N. York in Civ. Act., Albany. 1821-23, 2 vols. Svo; 1841. "The author has executed his laborious task with an accuracy and extent of learning which support his weU-earned reputation QS a lawyer." — 18 N. Amer. Rev., "211. Lloyd's edit. (3d) of Paley'.s Agency; 3d Amer. edit. ''The care and labour bestowed upon Dunlap's Paley's Agency cannot fail to render it a standard work of great utibty!" — rcnna. Law Journal. Dunlap, S. F., son of Andrew Dunlap. (aj^^e,) b. 1825, in Boston. 1. The Origin of Ancient Names. Camb., 1S56. 8vo: reprinted from the Chris. Examiner, July, 1856. 2. Vestiges of the Spirit-History of Man, N.Y.,* ISoS, Svo. Edited, with Nntcs, Dunlap's Admiralty Practice. Dunlap, William, 1766-1839, manager of the Park Theatre, N. York, a dramatic author and a painter, was a native of Perth Amboy. N. Jersey. Life of George Fre- derick Cooke, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo; and a 2d ed. '■Those who desire a faithful portrait of this strange genius may be safely referred to the Life published by Dunlap. a close ob- server and a truthful writer." — Wood's Personal RecolUctiuns of the Stage, Plilla., 1865. 12mo. " Very little reliance can be placed on the theatrical and other anecdotes recorded in these volumes." — Lowndes's Bibl. Man. " We have seldom been more amused and instructed than by the perusal of these volumes." — Lon. Theatrical Inquisitor. The American Theatre. N. York, 1832, Svo ; Lon., 1833. Hist, of Arts and Designs in the U. States. N. York. 1834, 2 vols. Svo. Thirty Years Ago: a Novel, 1836. Hist, of N. York, for Schools. 1837, 2 vols. 12mo; abridged, 1844, 2 vols. ISmo. New Netherlands Province of New York, 1840, 2 vols. Svo. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Dunlop, Bell, and Murray. Decis. Ct. Sess.. 1835- 40, 5 vols. Svo, Eilin., 1836-40; ditto, 1S40, '41, 1841, Svo, by Dunlop and Donaldson. Dunlop, Alexander, 1684-1742, an American, Pro- fessor of Greek, Uuiv. Glasgow. Greek Grammar, 1736,' many edits. Long used in the Scotch universities. Dunlop, Alexander, Treatise on the Law of Scot- land relative to the Poor, Edin., 182S, Svo. '■ Decidedly the best work on the subject." — McCuUoch's Lit. of Polif. Economy. Answer, Ac. rel. to Claims Ch. of Scotland, 3d ed., 1S40, Svo. Law of Patronage of Pjirocbial Ministers in Scot- land, 8vo. Parochial Law in Scotland. 3d ed., 1841, Svo. "As an able and accurate exposition of the law, Mr. Dunlop's Treatise deserves every commendation, and may be considered as our safest authority."—! Eil. L. J., 218. Dunlop, James. Laws of Pennsylvania, 1700-1853, chronologically arranged, with Notes and References to all the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of Penna., giving con- struction to said Laws, with a copious Index, 3d ed., Phila., 1853, Svo. Highly commended by the Hon. Judges Gib- son, Grier, Coulter, Rogers, Burnside, Woodward, Thomp- son, Hepburn, Lowrie, ]nrtin, d. 1S07. Hist. Memoir of the Town and Parish of Tiverton, 2d ed., Lon., 1790, 4to. Duns Scotus, John, supposed to have been born about 1265, died at Cologne, 1308, is believed to have been a native of Dunstimce. near Alnwick, Northumberland. Others, however, claim him as a native of Dunse, Berwick- shire, Scotland, and still others nssert him to have been an Irishman. "Whilst young he joined the Miuorite friars, ■who sent him to Oxford, where he was admitted into Mer- ton College, of which he became Fellow. In 1301 he suc- ceeded William Varrou as Profes. of Theology at Oxford, and taught with such eloquence and acceptance, that 30,000 scholars thronged around his chair. We cannot, however, vouch for the correctness of the numbers. In 1304 he re- moved to Paris, and about 1307 was placed at the head of the theological school of that famed city of learning. He is said to have been the first teacher of the doctrine of the 532 BUN immaoxilate conception of the Virgin Mary. He was for some time a follower of Thomas Aquinas, but differing from him on the qucf-tion concerning the efficacy of divine grace, he established a new school: the disputes of the Thomists and Scotists henceforth are matters of history, trifling as their subjects often were. Scotus was so noted for his acuteness as to acquire the name of the " Subtle Doctor." He wrote many works on theology, on metaphy- sics, &c, acoUective edit, of which (save a few still in MS.) was pub. by Luke ^Vadding in 1639, Lyons, 12 vols. fol. The reader who wishes to sharpen his wits in dialectics will find ample employment in these volumes for the long evenings of several winters. To encourage him to embark upon so fascinating an amusement, we give a specimen of the eulogies which were lavished upon the Subtle Doctor by his followers: " lie was so consummate a pldlopopber. that he could have been the inventor of philosophy, if it had not before existed. [How un- fortunate!] His knowledge of all the mysteries of Iteliyion was so profuund .ind perfect, that it was rather intuitive certainty than belief. He described the divine nature as if he had seen God; — the attributes of celestial spirits as if he had been an au^el;— the felicities of a future statei as if he had enjoyed them;— and the waysof providence as if he had pt-netrated into all its secrets. He wrote so many books, that one man is hardly able to read them; and no one man is able to understand them. He would have written more, if he had composed with less care and accuracy. Such was our immortal Scotus, the most ingenious, acute, and sub- tile of the sons of meu." See Bale, Pits, and Tanner; Cave. vol. ii.; Henry's Hist. of Great Britain; Wood's Annals ; Mackenzie's Scotch AVri- ters; Biog. Brit; Bruckeri Hist. Philos., torn, iii., p. 828. The candid confession that no man could understand the Subtle Doctor's profundities reminds us of a saying attri- buted to Hegel, when dying ; — that of all his numerous disciples only one had understood him, — and he misunder- stood him ! Dunstable^ John^ d. 1458, an English musician, au- thor of De Mensurabili MusicTi, quoted by Morley, Fran- chinus, and Ravenseroft, but now lost. The two last give some fragments of Dunstable's musical compositions. In the Bodleian Library there is a geographical tract by Dun- stable. Dnnstan, St., 925-9SS, a native of Glastonbury, So- mersetshire, Bishop of Worcester, of London, and finally Archbishop of Canterbury about 959, extended the Papal influence throughout England, and, as the representative of Rome, ruled the kingdom with a rod of iron. But Ethelred was not so easily governed as his predecessor Edgar had been, and Dunstan retired to his cloisters to die of chagrin and mortification. A vol. of his works was pub. at Douay in 1626, Svo, and LauneelotColstou pub. one of his treatises with the Philosophia Maturata, Lon., 1668, 12mo. Dunstanville, Francis, Lord De. Carew's Survey of Cornwall, Lon., 1811, 4to. See Carew, Richabd. Speech at the County Meeting of Bodmin, 1S09, 8vo. Dunstar, Samuel. Auglia Rediviva; being a full description of all the Shires, Cities, Principal Towns, and Rivers in England, Lon., 1669, Svo. Dunster, Charles, Rector of Petworth, Sussex. Mil- ton's Paradise Regained, with Notes, Lon., 1795, 4to. Con- siderations on Milton's Early Reading, aud the Prima Stamina of his Paradise Lost, 1800, 8vo. A valuable work. He gives extracts from Joshua Sylvester's works. Observ. on St. Luke's Gospel, 1S05, Svo; on St. Matthew's, 1806, Svo; on St. Luke's, ISOS, Svo. Synopsis of the three first Gospels, &.Q., 1S12, r. Svo. Other works. Dunster, Rev. D. Trans, of Drexelius on Eternity, edited by Rev. H. P. Dunstcr, Lon., 1S44, 12mo. ''(.If siufiular merit, and excellently adapted to awaken the air tentiou to a suVtject so important." Dunster, H. P. Stories from Froissart, Lon., 1847, ISmo. Sec Ber.ners, Lonn. Fragments of History, 12mo. Dunster, Henry, d. 1659, first President of Harvard College, in conjunction with Richard Lyon, improved the new version of the Psalms made by Eliot, Welde, and Ma- ther, printed in 1640. I Dunster, Samuel, D.D. Trans, of Horace's Satires and Art of Poetry into English verse. Serm., Lon., 1708, 8vo. Dunstcrvill, Edward. Funl. Serm., 1642. Dunthorne, Rev. Richard, 1711-1775. Astronomi- cal con. to Phil. Trans.. 1747, '49, '51. '62. Dunton, John. A True lovrnall of the Sally Fleet, Lon., 1637, 4to. See Oxford CoUec. Voy. and Trav. Dunton, John, 1659-1733, an eccentric bookseller, being unsuccessful in business, turned author, and jmb. several works. The Dublin Scuffle, 1699, Svo. DUP "This curious production may be considered as the earliest at- tempt at Irish topography." The Athenian Mercury, or a Scheme to answer a Series of Questions Monthly, the Querist remaining concealed. Continued to al)out 20 vols. ; reprinted by Bell, under the title of The Atheiiinn Oracle, 1728, 4 vols. 8vo; abridged, 182U, Svo. Atlicnianisra, or the Projects of Mr. John Dunton. This contains 600 Treatises in Prose and Verse, The Life and Ermrs of Mr. John Dunton, with the Lives and Characters of more than a thousand Contemporary Divines, and other Persons of Literary Eminence. Lon., 1705. Svo. We here find an account of his visit to Boston, Kew England, (in 1685,) where he resided for 8 months, and sketches of the ministers, booksellers, and other citi- zens of Boston and Salem. New edit, with .=electioDs from Dunton's other works, 1818, 2 vols. Svo. Religio Biblio- pulce, or the Religion of a Bookseller, 1728. Svo. See Bridgwater, Benjamin. The Banger of Living in a Known Sin, and the Hazard of a Death-Bed Repentance, 173S, Svo. See a list of Dunton's many pieces in Lowndes's Bibl. Man. "Dunton's Life and Errors is a most curious Work, abounding in Literary History of an interesting nature.*" — AwWe's Granger. Duponceau, Peter S., 1760-1844, a native of the Isle of Rhe, on the western coast of France, was for some time secretary to Count de Gebelin, author of the Monde Primitif. Baron Steuben, however, prevailed upon him to resign this quiet post, and accompany him to America as his secretary and aide-de-camp. They lauded at Ports- mouth, New Hampshire, Dec. 1, 1777, and on the 18th February ensuing, Mr. Duponceau was appointed a captain by brevet in the army of the United States. In 1780 his ill health obliged bim to leave the army, and in October, 1781, he was appointed secretary to Robert R. Livingston, head of the Departmeutof Foreign Affairs. After holding the office for about 19 months. Mr. Duponceau commenced the study of the law, and was admitted an attorney in June, 17So. In his new profession he soon rose to great eminence, and felt unwilling to resign his increasing busi- ness fur the office of Chief Justice of Louisiana, which was tendered to him by President Jefferson. Mr. Dupon- ceau remained a resident of Philadelphia until his death, taking an active interest in legal, philosophical, and philo- logical pursuits, and esteeming as not the least of the re- wards of his labours, an election to a Corresponding Mem- bership of the French Institute. The same learned body awarded to him the prize of " Linguistique,'" founded by Volney, for a Memoir on the Indian Languages of North America, (in French,) which was subsequently pub. in Paris. Mr. D. pub. several other works, and was the author of many memoirs communicated to literary and scientific societies, addresses, essays, and minor pieces. See Encyc. Amer., xiv. 242. A Dissertation on the Nature and Ex- tent of the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the U. States ; to which are added a brief Sketch of the National Judiciary Powers exercised iu the United States prior to the adoption of the present Federal Constitution, by Thomas Sergeant, and the author's Discourse on Legal Education, Phila., 1824, Svo. •■ A work that should be profoundlv studied by all American authnrs."— A' Anwr. Rrview. xx. 03, 1825. '■The learned author of this Dissertation is well known as a scholar and a philosopher, who thinks deeply and accurately. The volume has been extensively read, and will continue so to be." — S'lffmaii's Lvgal Student, 5(J8, Eulogium in Commendation of the Hon. W. Tilghman, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penna., 1827, Svo. , A brief View of the Constitution of the United States, ad- dressed to the Law Academy of Philadelphia, 1834, 12mo. Dissertation on the Nature and Character of the Chinese System of Writing. 1838. This was the last of his works. He contends that the Chinese language is not ideographic^ as was generally maintained, but lexigraphic. See a review, N. Amei". Rev., xlviii. 271. A specimen of Mr. Duponceau's philological criticism may be seen in his Notes to the new edit, of John Eliot's Grammar of the Massachusetts Indian Language, Boston, 1822, Svo. This is a reprint of EUot'a Indian Grammar, pub. in 1666. Dupout, John. Serm., Lon., 1757, Svo. Duport, James, D.D., 1606-1679. an eminent Greek scholar, educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Cam- bridge, Regius Prof, of Greek, 1632; Master of Magdalen College, Cambridge, 1668. Gnomologia Homcri, 1660. Tres Libri Salomonis. &c., 1646, 12mo. Metaphrasis Libri Psalmorum. Vm., 1611-1686, a native of Gloucester- shire, Rector of St. Mildred's, London, &c. Family In- struction. Life of Dr. Harris, Prost. of Trin. Coll., Oxf., 1660. 12mo. Sermons on 1 Cor. xvi. 13, Lon., 1671, 4to; on Hebrews xiii. 16, 1679. 4to. Durivage, Francis Alexander, b. at Boston, 1814. 1. Cyclopedia of History. Svo, pp. 7S0. 2. Stray Subjects, Phila., 12mo. 3. Life Scenes, Boston, 12mo. 4. Trans- lated, in connection with W. S. Chase, Lamartine's History of the Revolution of 1848. Mr. D. is the author of several Plays and Poems, and has contributed largely to the pe- riodical literature of the U. S. Durnford, Charles, and E. H. £ast» Reports in Ct. of K. B., 17S5-1SU0, Lon., 1787-1800, 8 vols, fob; 1794-1802, 8 vols. Svo. New ed. {5th) with references, 1817, 8 V(ds. Svo. 3d Amer, ed., N. York, 1S34, S vols, iu 4, Svo. Durnford and East commenced the practice of periodical reports. *■ These gentlemen have acquired a great share of approbation and the reputation of j;reat attention." — Bridg. Leg. Bib.. 105. No English Reports are more frequently cited in Ame- rican courts than those of Durnford and East. Durnford, W. Trafalgar: a Poem, 1807. Durslon, Wm., M.D. Med. con, to Phil. Trans., 1669. '70. Dury, Alex. Be Terrae Motu, Genev., 1721, 4to. Dury, John, a Scotchman and a Jesuit. Confutatio Responsiunis G. Whitakeri, &c., Paris, 1582, Svo. Dury, John, a Scotch divine, who laboured to unite the Lutherans and the Calviuists, and subsequently to pro- mote a union between all Christians. Among his works are Consultatio theologico super ucgocio Pacis Ecclesiast,, Lon., 1641, 4to. A Model of Ch. Government, 1647, -Ito. Earnest plea for Gospel Communion, 1664. Summary DUS DWI Platfonn of Divinity. 1654. See a list of others in Watt's I George L. Duyckinck also an accomplished scholar are Bibl. Brit, The piety, zeal, and excellent design of Dury entitle his memory to great respect. See Tanner: Mosheim; Benzelius's Slietch of Pury. Helmstadt, 1744; Burnefs Life of Bedell; Ward's Gresham Professors. Dusautoy, Frederick. 20 Serms. suitable to the times, on the first part of the Book of Common Prayer, Lon., 1S45, 12mo. Dusautoy, J. A. Reckoner, 1805, 8to. Uutens, Lewis, 1729-1812, a native of Tours, in France, took orders in the Church of England, and became the authors iif the Cyclopedia of American Literature, embracing Personal and Critical Notices of Authors, and Selections from their Writings, from the Earliest Period to the Present Day, with portraits, autograph?, and other illustrations, N. York, 1856. 2 vols. r. 8vo. This work has been highly commended by Washington Irving, Edward Everett, Wm. H. Prescott, Hon. George Bancroft, and other eminent scholars; and it well deserves a place in every American library. AVe acknowledge our indebted- ness to it for many facts in regard to American authors. Kector'of Elsdon, Northumberland, Xmong his works ?/• Griswold wrote a "Uicism on it which appeared in are the following : Recherches sur I'Origine des Decou- Tcrtcs, A-c. Paris, 1766, 2 vols. 8vo; trans, into English, and pub. at London, 1769, Svo. Memoires d'un Voyageur, ,lte., i.e. Memoirs of a Traveller now in Retirement ; con- taining Historical, Political, and Literary Anecdotes rela- tive to Several of the Principal Personages of the Age, Lon., 1806, 3 vols. Svo. An interesting work. Biblio- theque Complete et Choisie dans toutes Ics Classes et dans la plupart des Langues, Lon., 1812, Svo. See a notice of these and other works of Mr. Dutens in Gent. Mag., Ixxxii., Pt. 2. 197, and a long Memoir of him, .afterwards printed in 4to, from Mr. Nichols, in same vol., 391. Dntfield, James. Moths, ic., 1748, '49, 4to. Duthy, John. 1. Provisions. 2. Corn, 1800, '01. Button, Francis. South Australia and its Mines, Lon., 1846, Svo. " The best bonk whirh has yet issued from the press, descriptive of the resources of this thriving colony."— ioii. Minuig J,mrniil, Dutton, H. F. History made Easy, 1799-1809, 3 vols. 12mo. Dutton, Hely. Obs. on Archer's Statis. Survey of the Co. of Dublin, Dub!., 1802, Svo. Statis. and Agricult. Surveys of the Counties of Clare and Galway, Dubl., 1809 and 1814, Svo. '•The condition and usa^ies of these remote and benighted parts of Ireland are very sensibly delineated by the author, who seems to have well known the statistics and circumstances which required the representiition."— Z>onaWstin"5 AgricuU. Biog. Dutton, Henry. Connecticut Digest, N. Haven, 1833, Svo. The arrangement of this Digest is analytical instead of alphabetical, viz. : 1st, Rights of Persons; 2d. Of Things; 3d, Of Wrongs and their Remedies; 4th, Of Chancery; 6th, Of Crimes. Dutton, John, alias Prince Dutton. Farewell to Temple-Bar, 1694, 4to. Dutton, M. R., 17S3-1S25, of N. Haven, Connecticut, pub. a Course of ^Mathematics. Dutton, Matthew. Abridgt. of Irish Statutes, Dubl., 1718, 4to. Office of Sherifi's, Ac. in Ireland, 1709, '21, Svo. Law of Landlord and Tenants in do., 1726, 2 vols. Svo; of Masters and Servants, 1723, Svo; of a Justice of the Peace, 1726; by Warren, 1727, Svo. " Like all the other books of this author, it merits little praise." ~Pref. to Sml/th's Juslice, 6. Diitton, Thomas, Guy Nott, and John Glover. Warnings of the Eternal Spirit to the City of Edinburgh in Scotland, Lon., 1710, Svo. Dutton, Thomas. Pizarro in Peru, from the German of Kotzebue. Lon., 1799, Svo. The Literary Census; a Satirical Poem, 1798. Svo. The Wise Man of the East; a Satirical Poem. ISOO. Svo. Dramatic Censor, or Weekly Review, Lon., 1800, '01, 4 vols. Svo. Geo. III., 1802, Svo. Other works. Duval. Digest of the Laws of Florida, 1S40. Duval, Francis. Reasons for refusing to continue a member of the Ch. of Rome, and for joining the Ch. of England; addressed to his children, Lon.. 1846, 12mo. Duval, M. Sup. to Smith's Optics, 17S5, 4to. Du Val, 3Iichael. Rosa Hispani-Anglica, Ac, 4to. Duverger. Works on French, Lon., 1784-1812. Duyckinck, Evert A., of the city of New York, has gained considerable reputation as a critic and accomplished essayist. He was the first editor of the New York Literary World, (pub. 1S47-53,) and, after occupying the chair for about two years, resigned his post to Mr. Charles Fenno Hoffman. In about a year after this change Mr. Duyckinck became proprietor and again editor of the periodical. He •was assisted in his labours by his brother. George L. Duyckinck. In conjunction with his friend Cornelius Mathews, Mr. E. A. D. edited Arcturus. a Journal of Books and Opinions. This periodical was continued for about two years. Mr. D. hus g.ave the world an opportunity to judge of Mr. Dyce's classical sehoLarship, and he h.as evinced his critical acumen and intimate acquaintance with the myste- I ries of old English literature by his editions of Greene, Webster, Shirley, Middleton, Skelton, Beaumont and Fletcher, Marlowe, Peele, Bentley, Collins, Shakspeare, Pope, Akenside, Bcattie, Kemp's Nine Days' Wonder, the tragedies of Timon and Sir Thomas More, "VVotton's Poems, Porter's Angrie Women of Abington, and some of Dray- ton's Poems. To these must be added Specimens of Eng- lish Sonnets from the Earl of Surrey to AVordsworth, Remarks on Collier's aud Knight's editions of Shakspeare, A Few Notes on Shakspeare, — a review of Mr. Collier's newly-discovered folio, — pub. in 1S53, and his new .and complete ed. of the works of William Shakspeare. The text revised. With account of the Life, Plays, and edi- tions of Sh.akspeare, Notes, Ac, 6 vols, demi Svo. Fine Portrait, from the Stratford Bust, Completed, 185S. " The long and anxiously expected Labours of Mr. Dyce have at bast furnished — what was most wanted— an edition of the great poet presenting the most perfect text now to be obtained, with brief annotations, siifticient for all practical purposes."— i>n.yf/;ifTi. ".Mr. Dyce not unfrequently injures the real value of liis own knowledge by displaying something of the same sneering and self-satisfied temper with which Steevens was accnstomeil to .-issail his brother commentators."- A'jii:(7;i('s Eng. Cyc, Dii: Biog., vol. ii. Mr. Dyce is said to be now engaged upon a translation of Athen»us. We have already h,ad occasion to refer to some of the labours of this industrious commentator, and sh.all have other opportunities as we pass under review the authors whose merits he has illustr.atcd and whose obscuri- ties he has explained. As to the erudition aud critical taste of Mr. Dyce in the department of literature which he has selected, we presume there will be no question, save perhaps on the part of that rivalry which is always slow to perceive merit in dissent. The following brief testi- monies from three eminent authorities must suffice for the present article: " Vie hike this opportunity of expressing our very high opinion of the diligence, skill, and judgment of the Rev. Alexander Dyce, whose editions of Peele. Greene, and Webster, leave little to desire, and still less tn improve." — Ijon. Qitar. lini. " We think that no materials ever laid before the public are so well calculated to advance the intelligent study of our immortal poet (8bakspeare] as Mr- Dyres unpretending aude.xcellent editions of Peele .ind tireene." — £/lin. Rev. " The acknowledged reputation of Mr. Dyce as a reformer of cof DYC DYM mpt texts is too widely extended to he increaped by our eulogy. Suffice it then to sUito that he has spared nt-itber industry nor pains to produce a perfect copy of these immortal dramas, [Flays of Beaumont and Fletcher."] — Lmi. Literary Gazette. The same excellent periodical thus compliments Mr. Djce'slatepublication — A Few Notes on Shakspeare, 1S53: '• Mr. Dyce s Notns are peculiarly deli^'htful, from the stores of illustration with which his extensive readinir, not only amonj^ our writers, but amnng those ot othercuuntries.especially of the Italian poets, has enabled him to enrich them. AH that he has recorded is valuable. We read his littla volume with pleasure and close it with rei'ret." Dyche, Thomas. Educational Works, 1710, &c. Dycknian, Jacob, M.D., 17SS-1822, a native of Tonkers, West Chester co., N. York, practised medicine in the city of N. York. Pathology of Human Fluids. Dun- can's Dispensatory, ISIS. Adipocire; Trans. N. Y. Ly- ceum. He contemplated writing a work on the Vegetable Materia Medica of the U. States, and had made collections for this purpose. Dyde, W. Hist, and Antiq. of Tewkesbury, Tewk., 1790, Svo; 2d ed.. with addits., 1798, Svo. Dyer, SirEdward,b. about 1540? d. a few years after the accession of James I., was employed in several foreign embassies by Elizabeth. He was educated at Oxford, studied chemistry, associated with Dr. Dee and Edward Kelly, and was thought to be a Rusicrucian. He wrote pastoral odes and madrigals, some of which will be found in England's Helicon, repub, in the Brit. Bibliographer. A number of his compositions are still in MS. See Athen. Oxon.; Brydges's Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum ; Brit. Bibliog. ; Ellis's Specimens; Gent. Mag., 1S13, p. 525. Dyer, George, of Clifford's Inn, 1755-1S41. An En- quiry into the Nature of Subscription to the 39 Articles, 1790, Svo; enlarged 1792; against subscription. Poems, 1792, 4to. Poems and Critical Essays on Poetry, 1802, 2 vols. Svo. Poetics, 1812, 2 vols. Svo. Four Letters on the Eng. Constitution, 1813, 8vo. History of the University and Colleges of Cambridge, including notices relating to the Founders and Eminent Men, 1814. 2 vols. Svo. The Privileges of the University of Cambridge, together with additional observations on its History, Antiquities, Litera- ture, and Biography, 1824, 2 vols. Svo. Other works. He contributed the original portions (save the preface) to Val- py's Classics, 141 vols. On this work he was engaged from 1819 to 1830. He edited two plays of Euripides and the Greek Testament. Charles Lamb says of Dyer, besides a notice which we do not care to repeat, of two vols, of his poems, pub. in 1S02: "D. is delij;htful everywhere, but he is best in such places as these. . . . When he goes about with you to show you the Halls and Colleges, you think you bare got with you the interpreter of the House Beautiful." — Ella.. Dyer, George, of Exeter. Restoration of the ancient Modes of bestowing Names on the Rivers, Hills, Ac, Exe- ter. 1S05, Svo. Dyer, Dier, or Deyer, Sir James, 1511-1582, an eminent lawyer of the Middle Temple, London, Speaker of the H. of Commons. 1552 ; Chief Justice Common Pleas, 1559, '60. Reports K. B., C. P.. Ex. and Ch., 4 Hen. VIIL- 24 Eliz., (1513-1582.) In French, Lon., 15S5, fol., 1592, 1601, '02, '06, '09, '21, '72. With addits. of Lord Treby's, 1688, fol. In English, by John Vaillant, with addits,, 1794, 3 vols. Svo. Abridgt. in English by Sir Thomas Ireland, 1651, Svo. Abridgts. in French, and law tracts. His Read- ing on Wills was pub. with Brograve on Jointures, and Risden on Forcible Entries, 1648, 4to. Dyer's Reports have been highly commended: '•Unto the painfull and diligent student they will both now sufficiently delight to read, and afford pleutifull store of matter worthie his travaile." — Lord Coke. " Some humours do more tancy Plowden for his fulness of argu- ment and plain kind of protif; others do more like Dyer for his strictness and brevity." — Fulbeck^s Directions. Dyer, Rev, John, 1700-1758, son of Robert Dyer, a Welsh solicitor, was educated at Westminster School He was for a short time employed in the study of the law, but abandoned it for the life of an itinerant artist. He subse- quently took holy orders, and had conferred on him the livings of Calthorpe, Coningsby, Bedford, and Kirkby. Grongar Hill; a Poem, 1727. "Grongar Hill is the happiest of his productions: it is not, in- deed, very accurately written : but the scenes which it displays are 60 pleasing, the images which they raise are so welcome to the mind, and the reflections of the writer so consonant to the general sense or experience of mankind, that when it is once read, it will be read again. ' — Dr. Jounson : Lifn of Dyer. The Ruins of Rome, a Poem in Blank Verse, Lon., 1740, 4to. This was elicited by a visit to Italy; it was not so much admired as its predecessor. The Fleece, a Poem in four books, 1757, 4to. This work treats of "The care of sheep, the labom'S of the loom." I Dr. Johnson considers the subject an impracticahlo one I for poetry: "The woolcomber and the poet appear to me such discordant I natures, that an attempt to bring them together is to coupU the I serpent witli thf fowl, . . . Let me, however, honestly report what- : ever may counterbalance this weight of censure. I have been told that Akenside. who, upon a poetical question, has a right to be j heard, said, 'That he would regulate his opinion of the reigning 1 taste by the fate of Dyer's Fleece, for, if that were ill received, he should not think it any longer reasonable to expect fame from ex- cellence.' " — Ubi supra. Dr. Drake considers Johnson's " stern critique" as unjust, and devotes several pages to Dyer's vindication : "But for the harsh censure of the author of the liambler, the pages of Dyer would now. perhaps, have been familiar to every lover and judge of nervous and highly finished description. . . . To refute his strictures upon Dyer can prove a task of no very formidable kind, and may restore to due rank a poem which con- tains a vast variety of landscapes, drawn and coloured in the most spirited and fascinating style." See Drake's Literary Hours, i. IGO, et seq. ; ii. 35. A collective edit, of Dyer's works was pub. in 1761, Svo. Dyer, Richard* A Bleeding Saviour; on I Cor. v. 7, Lou., 167fi, Svo. Dyer, Samuel, 1725?-1772, a man of considerable learning, revised in 1758 the English edit, of Plutarch's Lives. In this he trans, anew the lives of Demetrius and I Pericles. Malone asserts him to have been the author of ! the Letters of Junius, but offers no proof to support thia ! assumption. Dyer, Thomas H. Lifeof John Calvin, and extracts from his Correspondence, Lon., 1849, p. Svo. *' A careful, painstaking, and elaborate book, grounded upon ori- ginal documents, fspeci:illy Calvin's epistles, and the various bio- graphies of him that have appeared from the time of Beza to the three contemporary German volumes of Dr. Henry." — Lon. Athe- nceum. Dyer, Wm., d, 1G96, aged 60, a Nonconformist divine, was ejected in 1602. Late in life he became a Quaker. Serms., &c., If:i63, '66, '83. Dyer's style has been thought to resemble Bunyan's. Dygbey, or Dygbeius. See Digbt. Dyke, Daniel, d. about 1614, a Puritan divine of great learning nnd piety, educated at Cambridge, was minister of Coggeshall, Essex, and at one time settled at St. Alban's. He was suspended in 158S. Self- Deceiving, Lon., 1614, 4to. Repentance, 1631, 4to. "These treatises are very searching. His doctrine falls as the small rain upon the tendei' herb, and as the showers upon the grass. His works are well written for the times." — WiUiams's Oiristian Prmchtr. Six Evangelical Histories, 1617, 4to. Philemon, 1618, 4to. Christ's Temptation, 1631, 4to. "Works, (6th edit, of some of them.) pub. by Jeremiah Dyke, 1635, 4to. Bishop Wilkins considers Dyke's sermons as among the best of his time. "The writings of Dyke have a singvdar flavour and vigour in them." — Mather's S/vdeiit. Dyke, Jeremiah, d. 1620. brother of the preceding, and also a Puritan divine, was Minister of Epping, Sussex, in 1609. Sermons and theolog. treatises, Lon., 1619-40, Worthy Communicant, 1642, Svo. Dyke, T. Webb. Verses, &c., 1811, Svo. Dykes. The Iloyal Marriage j King Lemuel's Lesson, Lon., 1722, Svo. Dykes, Oswald. Moral Reflections upon Select English Proverbs, Lon., 1708, Svo. Discourses, 1722, Svo. Dylliugham, Francis. Serm., Camb., 1605, 12nio. Dymock, John. Editions of Csesar, Sallust, Ac, for schoolsj Kuddiman's Latin Rudiments, Glasg., 1812, '19, &c. "Mr. Dymock is, by his publications, proving himself a great friend to the rising generation; and they well deserve the popu- larity and public favour they have received." — Lou. Lit. Gazftte. Dymoud, Jonathan, 1796-1828, a native of E.^eter, England, was a memlier of the Society of Friends, and a linen-draper. In 1823 he pub. an Inquiry into the Accord- ancy of War with the Principles of Christianity. This work did much to promote that earnest advocacy of Peace between nations which in our day has so startled and amazed the diplomatists of the Old School. Dymond had been deeply persuaded of the great influence fur good which could be effected by a comprehensive exhibition of the true principles of morality as based upon the only in- fallible standard, the Word of God. To a preparation of a work of this character he devoted himself with great assiduity ; rising early to his pleasing task, and embracing every interval of leisure from business to forward his phi- lanthropic design. In May, 1828, whilst preparing his work for publication, he died of a consumption, from which he had been a severe sufl'erer since the spring of 1S26. His Essay on the Prin- ciples of Morality, and on the Private and Political Rights 537 DYM and Obligations of Mankind, was pwb. in London, in 1829, 2 vols. 8vo. The 5th edit, appeared in 1.^52, Lon., 8vo. Several edits, have been circulated in America also. A long review of this work by Robert Southey, will be found in the London Quarterly Review, xliv. 83-120. Whilst we do not pretend to endorse all of Mr. Dymnnd's premises and conclusions, yet we must record our conviction that his essay is one of the most valuable works in the lan- guage, and should be carefully studied by all who would desire to maintain '* a conscience void of offence towards God and man." '' Whether we regard the soundness of his reasonings, the tem- per, candour, and wis:dom of his conclusions, the elegance of his style, the felicity of his illustrations, or the singularly excellent spirit which pervades the whole, it is entitled to rank high in the highest class of ethical productions."— Professor George Bush : JVf/. to Amer. eilit. " He takes the word of God as his infallible standard of rectitude by which to weiih all actions, and with a clear head and an honest conscience he follows his principles wherever they lead, knowing they can never lead wrong. It is amusing as well as instructive to see with what ease he overthrows all the previous standards of rectitude which varinus men had set up — as utility, expediency. &c.; and establishes the great ceutml truth, that the will of God is the only inlallible standard by which to judge concerning the EAR right or wrong of actions."— Prof. C. D. Cleveland: English Lit. of the \Wi Century, Dyos, Johu. A Sermon preached at Paules Crosse, the I'Jth of Juli, 1579, Lon., 1599, 16mo. Dysart, Earl of. Rational Catechism, Amst., 1712. Dyson, Humphrey. A Booke containing all svch Proclamations as were pvbUshed dvring the Raigne of the late Qveenc Elizabeth, Lon., 161S, fol. Dyson, Jeremiah. Election for Middlesex, Lon., 4to. Epistle to Mr. Warburton, occasioned by his treat- ment of the author of the Pleasures of the Imagination, Lon.. 1744, Svo ; anon. Dyson was the generous patron of Akenside. See Akenside, Mark, M.D. Dyson, Richard. R, The Uistory and Antiquities of the Parish of Tottenham-higb-cross, by H. G. Oldfield and Dyson. Lon., 1790. Svo; 2d ed., 1792, Svo. Dyson, Theophilus^ Surgeon. Med. con. to Memoirs Med., 1792, 1805. Dyve, Sir Lewis. A Letter from him, giving an Ac- count of his Escape out of the Court of King's Bench, 1648, 4to. Letter to the Lord Marquis of Newcastle, giv- ing an account of the conduct of the King's Affairs in Ire- land from 1648 to 1650, Hague, 1650, 4to. E. Eachard, John, D.D.. 1636-1697, a natire of Suffolk, England, admiltoil at Catherine H.all. Cambridge, 1653; Fellow, 165S; Master, 1675. The Grounds and Occasions of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion Inquired into, Lon., 1670, Svo. Observ. upon the Answer to the Inquiry, 1671, 12mo. Hobhes's State of Nature Considered in a Dialogue between Philautus and Timothy, 1672, 12mo. Some Opinions of Ilobbes's Considered in a 2d Dialogue between Philautus and Timothy, 1673. 12mo. Noncon- forming Preachers, 1673, 12mo. Works, 1705, Svo ; 171i, 12mo. With a Life by Thos. Davies, with the as.sistance of Drs. Johnson and Farmer, 1774, 3 vols. 12nio. Eachard's Dialogues exposing the absurdity of Ilobbes's so-called philosophy, made even that conceited dogmatist sensitive : " I was in company with Hobbes when he swore and cursed, and raved like a madman at the mention of Dr. Kachard's Timothy and Philautus. "—Da. Hickes. Dr. Warton and Mr. Granger remark that Swift had evi- dently studied the works of Eachard. The divine was noted for his success in ridicule, but on subjects of a serious character did not appear to much advantage. Baker, of St. John's College, Cambridge, was greatly disappointed "when he went to hear him preach, and Swift tells us " I have known men happy enough at ridicule, who, upon grave subjects, were perfectly stupid; of which Dr. Eachaid. of Cam- bridge, who writ The Contempt of the Clergy, was a great instance." Eachard, John. Serms., 1645, '46, 4to. Eachard. See Echard. Eades, John. Clear and Comprehensive View of the Gospel Ministry, 17S7,Svo. Revised by J. Hutton. lS19,8vo. Eadie, John. Scripture P.araphrases in Latin Verse. Keign of Geo. III. and other Poems, Glasg., 1S18, 12mo. Eadie, John, D.D., LL.D., Prof, of Hcrmeneutics and Evidences to the United Presbyterian Church. Biblical Cyclopedia, 6th ed., Lon. and Glasg., 1857, p. Svo. "We give it our most cordial and unhesitating recommenda- tion." — Ltyti. Evangd. Mag. Concord.ance to the Scriptures, 12th ed., 1853. Dictionary of the Bible for the Young, 1849, 18mo; 4th ed., 1855, sm. 8vo. Lectures on the Bible to the Young, 1848, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1852. Earlv Oriental History, 1851, p. Svo. Comment, on the Greek Tc.xt of St. Paul to the Ephesians, 1853, Svo. The Divine Love, a series of Doctrinal, Practical, and E.x- perimental Discourses, 1855, 12mo. Prof Eadie is one of the authors of Griffin's Cyclopaedia of Biography, edited by Elihu Rich, Lon. and Glasg., 1854, p. Svo. Eadmer, d. 1 124 ? the friend and biographer of Ansclm, ■was elected Bishop of St. Andrew's in Scotland, 1120, but was never consecrated. His principal work is the Historia Novorum, or History of his Own Times, 1066-1122. It was first printed by Selden, Lon., 1623, fol. A Life of St. Anselm, 1093-1109. Often printed with Anselm's works, and also by Wharton in the Anglia Sacra. The Lives of St. Wilfrid, St. Oswald, St. Duustan, and others. Also in the Anglia Sacra. Eadon, John. Arithniet. works, 1793, Ac. Eagle, F. K., .and E. Younge. Cases relating to Tithes from the Roign of K. J"hn to the 6th Geo. IV., lion., 1826, 4 vols. r. Svo. An invaluable digest. Eagle, Fra. New Theory of Pulmonary Consump- tion. Lon.. 1839, Svo. Eagle, P. A. Lifo-Assurance Manual, Lon., 1852, Svo. Eagle, >Vm. 1. Making of Wills. 2. Case of Evans V. Rowc, 1827. 3. Law of Tithes, 1836, 2 vols. r. Svo. 4. Acts for Conimu. of Tithes ; 3d ed.. 1843, 12mo. 5. Magis- trate's Pocket Companion ; 2d cd.. 1844, 12mo. Eagles, Kev. John. 1. The Sketcher, Lon., 1856, Svo. 2. Essays. 1857. Svo. 3. Sonnets, 1658. See Lon. Athen., 1858. Pt. 2, 137. Eagles, Thomas. 1. Mountain Melodies, and other Poems, Lon., Svo. 2. Rclvcdder, Earon Kolff, and other Poems, Svo. 3. Brendallah ; a Poem, 1838, Svo. Ealred. See Ailred op Rievaox. Eames, Mrs. Elizabeth J., formerly Miss Jesup, a native of New Y'ork, has contributed m.any excellent po- etical compositions to the New Y'orker, The Tribune, Gra- ham's Magazine, and The Southern Literary Messenger. The Crowning of Petrarch, Cleopatra, and the Sonnets to Milton, Dryden, Addison, and Tasso are deserving of warm commendation. " ■■^hi- wiit.s with feeling: but she regards poetry as an art, and to the lullivation of it she brings her best powers. While thoughtr ful and earnest, therefore, her pieces are for the most part distiu- guisheJ foia taseteful elegance."— GrisiooWs Female Potts of Amer. Eames, Jane A., of Massachusetts, is favourably known as the authoress of My Mother's Jewel, Agnes and Eliza, and other religious works for the young, pub. by the Prot, Epis. S. S. Union. Eames, Johu, d. 1744, pub. a number of papers on mathematics, natural philos., &c. in the Phil. Trans., 1726- 42. In conjunction with J. Martyn he pub. an abridgt. of the Phil. Trans., 1719-1733, in 1734, 2 vols. 4to. Earbery, Matthias. Deism, 1697, Svo. Power of the Prince, 1717, Svo. Hist, of the Clemency of our Eng- lish Monarchs, 1717, Svo. Vindication of ditto, 1720, 12mo. The Pretended Reformers, 1720, Svo. Earl of Notting- ham's Answer to Whiston, Ac, 1721, Svo. The Occasional Historian, 4 Nos. in 1 vol. Svo, 1730-32. Earbery under- went much persecution. Earl, George W. Eastern Seas; or. Voyages and Adventures in the Indian Archipelago, 1832, '33, '34, Lon., 1837, Svo. " Mr. Earl's volume contains much that is novel, communicated in an unalTeoted and agreeable manner."' — Lo7i. Athcnteum. Enterprise in Tropical Australia, 1846, p. Svo. Native Races of Indi.anArchipelago— Papuans, (Ethnograph.Lib.,) Lon., 1853, Svo. Trans, of D. H. Kolfi", Jr.'a Voyages of the Dutch Brig of War Dourga. Earle, Augustus. Residence in New Zealand in 1827, with a Journal of a Residence in Tristan d'Acunha, Lon.. p. Svo. . . , .. ■ " Mr. Karle's journal gives us much curious miormation in a very agreeable manner.'" — Zo«. Literary Gazette. Earl, Jabez,D.D., 1676?-1768, adissenting mmister, pub. a number of serms., theolog. treatises, Ac, 1706-35. Treatise on the Sacrament, 1707, Svo. Often reprinted. New ed., 1816, Svo. His style is ".ludicious, pathetic, and very laconic."— DR. DonnnnjOE. A small collection of Poems in Latin and English. EAB Earle, Sir James, Knt., Surgeon, Chirurgical Works of Percival Pntt. with a Life. Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 8vo ; ISUS, 3 vols. Svo. Hydrocele, 1791, Svo ; '.id ed., 1S05. Opera- tiou for the Stone. 1793, '96, Svo. Curved Spine, 1799, Svo. Cataract, 1801, Svo. Fractures, 1807, Svo. Hiemorrhoidal Excre.scence?. 1807, Svo. Calculus; see Phil. Trans., 1809. Earle, or Earles, John, HiOl-IOfio, entered at Mer- ton Coll., Oxford, 1620, became cbaplaiu and tutor to Prince Charles, and accompanied him in his exile. On the Resto- ration he was made Dean of AVestminster, consecrated Bishop of AVorcester in 1662, and transferred to Salisbury in 1663. Mierocosmograpbie: or, A Pecce of the World discovered in Es^ayes and Characters, Lon., 1628, Svo; 6th ed., 1630, 12mo; I'oth ed., Salisbury, 17S6. New ed. (7S characters) with Notes and Appendix, by Philip Bliss, Lon., 1811, sm. Svo. This ed. contains a Catalogue of the various Writers of Character to the year 1700. '•Perhaps the most valuable collection of characters, previous to the year ITnii, is that published by Bishop Earle, in lt>2S, uuder the title I if Mirrorawiiigraplti/, aud which maybe considered as a pretty fiiitbful di-liDe;ttiou of many classes of characters as they existed during the close of the sixteenth, and commencement of the seven- teenth, century." — iJrake's ShaLspi:are and Jlis Times. An Elegy upon Francis Beaumont, by Bishop Earle, will be found printed at the end of Beaumont's Poems, 16-tO. He trans, into Latin the Eikon Basilike, (Hague, 1649.) and Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity; the last was destroyed by the carelessness of his servants. The character of Bishop Earle was most exemplary. Warton declares that since the death of the celebrated Hooker, none have lived ■" Whom God hath blest with more innocent wisdom, more sanc- tified learnini;, or a more pious, peaceable, piimitive temper." Bishop Burnet tells us that Earle " Was the man of all the clergy for whom the king had the greatest esteem." Earle, Rev. John. Remarks on the Prefaces to the first and second vols, of I>r. Geddes's Bible. £arle, \Vm., Jr. The Welshmen ; a Romance. 1801, 4 vols. Welsh Legends, 1801, 12mo. Trifles; in Verse, 1803, 12mo. Obi ; or, Hist, of Three-fingered Jack, 12mo. Earle, >Vm. Heusoii, 1740-1796, reprinted from a scarce pamphlet an exact Relation of the famous Earth- quake and Eruption of Mount Etna, 1669, to which he added a Letter from himself to Lord Lyttelton, Lon., 1775, Svo. Earle was a munificent benefactor to various chari- ties in Bristol, Winchester, and Salisbury. Earlom, Richard, 1742-1822, an eminent engraver of London. Liber Veritatis ; or, A collection of Prints after Claude Lorraine, with descriptions, Lon., 1777-1804, 3 vols, fob Baker's sale, 257, vols. i. and ib, and Nos. 1 and 2 of vol. iii., £55 138. Fonthill, 2250. 3 vols., £91 7s. Portraits of Characters illustrious in English History, by Rich. Earlom and Turner, 1813, 4to. Earnest, Robert. Vaccination, Lon., 1S07, Svo. Earnshaw, C The Wreath; Puet. Gleanings, 1801, Svo. Earnshaw, James. Abstract of Penal and other Statutes rel. to the Customs, Lon., 1793-1807, 3 vols. Svo. Earnshaw, Thomas. Time-keepers, *tc., Lon., 1806, '09. Svo. Earnshaw, Wm,, M.D. Profess. Case, Phil. Trans, iii. Earnshaw, Wni, Laws rel. to Shipping, Ac, Lon., 1818, 8vn. l)in;cst of Acts rel. to Shipping, Ac, 1820, Svo. Earsden, John. Ayres, 161S. Earnulph. See Ek.nulph. Eason, Alex., M.D. Med, Com., 1776. Eason, Alex., Surgeon. Med. Com., ii., v., viii. Eason, L. Guide to Salvation, Bruges, 1693, Svo. East, 1). J, Western Africa; its Condition, and Chris- tianity the Means of its Recovery, Lon., 1844, 12mo. '■The analysis of your book embraces almost all the topics re- lating to Africa worthy of notice: and if they are well handled, as I have no doubt they will be. will form a very valuable and useful work." — Thomas Cfarlson to the Autfior. "I have read with great attention the analysis of your forth- coming biiok, with which I am much pleased." — Sir T. F. Buxton to the. Author. East, Sir Edward Hyde. King's Bench Reports, lSOO-12, Lon.. 1801-14, 16 vols. Svo. New ed. by Thos. Day, Phila., 1817, 16 vols. Svo. With Notes, by George M. Wharton, of the Phila. Bar, 1845, 16 vols, in S, Svo. No- thing is omitted in Mr. Wharton's ed., and the reader has the advantage of his notes as well as those of Mr. Day. The price of the last ed. is but $25. Mr. Day's ed. was pub. at $72. The value of East's Reports is too well known to render comment necessary. See Burnford, C, and East, E. H. Pleas of the Crown; or a General Treatise on the Prin- ciples and Practice of Criminal Law, Lon., 1S03, 2 vols. EAS Svo ; Phila., 1S06, 2 vols. In the preparation of this work the compiler expended the industry of fifteen years. '• He has presented to the world a production which is entitled to the praise of accuracy, neatness, and conciseness; a classical performance in its kind." — Lon. MonVily Jttvinv. 1. 420. See Warren's Law Studies. 2d ed., 1845. 620. East, John. Serm.. 1819, Svo. Sabbath Meditations in Prose and Verse, 182S, 2 vols. Svo. The Happy Moment, 1S35, ISmo. Other works. East, Thomas. Death-Bed Scenes, Lon., 1S25, 12mo. '* A welcome cnnipauion on the bed of sickness and death.'" — Lou-nries's Brit. Lib. Other works. Eastborn, Rev. James M'allis, d. 1819, aged 22, an American poet, a native of New York, is best known as a colleague of Robert C. Sands in the composition of Ya- moyden, a Tale of the Wars of King Philip, pub. at New York in 1820. Some interesting particulars concerning Mr. Efistburn will be found in Griswold's Poets and Puetry of America, Uthed., 1852. p. 213, article Robert C. Sands. Eastbnrn, Manton, D.D., Bishop of the Prot. Epis. Church of Massachusetts, was born in England, Feb. 9, 1801. He was consecrated assistant bishop of Mass., Dec. 29, 1842, and in 1843, by the decease of Rt. Rev. W. Gris- wold, became bishop of that diocese. Lectures on the Epist. of St. Paul to the Philippians. N. York, 1S33, 8vo. Bp. E. has pub. a number of sermons and charges, edited Thornton's Family Prayers, and delivered literary lectures on various occasions. Eastcott, Rev. Richard. Sketches of the Origin, Progress, and Effects of Music. Bath, 1793, Svo. "An entertaining compilation by an enthusiastic admirer of music." — Lowndes's Brit. Lib. Easterbrook,Jos. Appeal to the Public, Bristol, Svo. Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock, an eminent painter, b. at Plymouth, Devonshire, in 1793, was elected President of the Royal Academy in 1850. 1. Trnns. of Goethe's Theory of Colours, Lon., 1S40, Svo. 2. F. Kugler's Hand- Boukof Painting, trans, by a Lady, edited by SirCh.L. E., 2 parts, r. Svo, 1842, '43; 2d ed., 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo. *' By fiir the best manual we ai-e acquainted wiih." — Lon. Eccle- siastic. 3. Materials for a Hist of Oil Painting, 1S47, Svo. '* From the invention of oil painting to this day. Mr. Eastlake's volume carefully examines and states every ascertainable particu- lar, and fairly settles questions of priority and mt;rit.' — Lou. Lite- rary Giueite. 4. Contributions to the Literature of the Fine Arts, 1S4S, Svo. " There cannot be a doubt that a knowledge of the principles which }iovern any branch of art must greatly increase the power of the artist, as it certainly contributes materially to the pleasure derived from its contemplation. But neither English painters nor English critics are overstocked in this respect: and both may be glad to receive, in a permanent form, such additions as Mr, East- lake has here made to the literature of the tine arts." — Lon. Exam. Eastman, Charles G., an American poet, who haa been connected with the press at Burlington, Woodstock, and Montpelier, Vermont, pub. a collection of his poems in 184S, Montpelier, ISmo. He has been highly com- mended as a successful delineator of the "rural life of New England." Eastman, G. W., and Levi S. Fulton. Works on Book-keeping and Penmanships pub. in New York. Eastman, Mrs. j>Iary H., is a daughter of Dr. Thomas Henderson, U. S. Army. In 1835 she was mar- ried to Capt, S. Eastman, U. S. A. ; and as a companion of her husband at Fort Snelling and other frontier stations, has enjoyed e.xcelltnt opportunities of studying the Indian character, which she has so graphically depicted. Mrs. Eastman has pub. four works relating to the Aborigines of America — viz. 1. Dahcotah, or Life and Legends of the Sioux, N. York, 1849, 12mo. 2. Romance of Indian Life, Phila., 1852, Svo. Orig. pub. in The Iris of 1852. 3. Ame- rican Aboriginal Portfolio, illustrated by S. Eastman, U. S. Army, 1S53, 4to. 4. Chicora, and other Regions of the Conquerors and Conquered, 1854, sm. 4to. "Of all the portraitures of Indian life and character that have been given to the public, none, probably, have come more nearly to the truth than those by Mrs. Eastman. Her books are among the very best contributions to our native literature that have lately appeared." — Prof. Hart; FamtU Prose Wi iters of America, q. v. In 1852 Mrs. Eastman pub. a novel entitled Aunt Phillis'a Cabin, intended as a response to Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. The sale of the former work reached 18.000 copies in a few weeks. She has also contributed to Arthur's Home Magazine and to other journals. Eastman, Philip, b. 1799, at Chatham, New Hamp- shire, grad. at Bowdoin College, 1820. As commissioner under a resolution of the legislature of Maine, passed Oct. 22, 1840, he edited the revised Statutes of that State. Ho EAS ECH also prepsirefl and published a Di^st of the Maine Reports, ' 26 vols.. ISIO. £as1man, Seth, Capt. in U. S. Army, grad. at West Point, 1829, b. at Brunswick, Maine, illustrator of the work pub. by Congress entitled History, Condition, and Future Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the U. S., Ac., author of a Work on Topographical Drawing, Ac. See Eastman, Mrs. £aslmeail, VVm. Human Life, Lon., 1814, 12mo. Ea^stou, James. Human Longevity, Salisb.,lSOl),Svo. Easton, M. G. Unitarianism: its History, Doctrines, and Tendencies, Lon., 1851, 12mo. Easton, Thomas. Fnul. Serm., Lon., 1692. £astwick, Edward B., an emiueut Oriental scholar and prufe^sur. 1. Urauimaruf the Hindustani Language, Lon., 1847, p. Svo. 2. Anvari SuhaiU; or, The Lights of Canopus, 1854, r. 8vo. 3. Autobiography of Lutfalhih, &c.; edited by E. B. E., 1857, p. 8vo. See Jones, Sir William. Eaton, A. Grammatica Inglesa, &g.. Lon., 1814, Svo. Eatoii, 3Iiss Charlotte E. Rome in the lyth Cen- tury; 5th ed., Lon.. 1852. 2 vols. 12mo. Excellent. Eaton, Cyrus, b. 1784, at Framingham, Mass., waa for 40 years a successful teacher in Maine. In 1845 he became totally blind. Annals of Warren. Me., with the Early History of St. Ueorge's Broad Bay and the Neiiihbour- ing Settlements on the Waldo Patent, 1851, Svo. Woman; a Poem, 1854. Eaton, Daniel Isaac, d. 1804. Trial for Paine's Rights uf Man. Lon.. 1793, 8vo ; for pub. a supposed Libel, 1794, Svo. Helvetius"s System of Nature, 1811, Svo. Me- mnrial. 1813, Svo. Continuation of the Age of Reason, 1S13. Eaton, David. Scripture the only Guide to Religious Truth, York, ISUO, Svo. Baptism, Lon., 1826, Svo. Other works. Eaton, John, 1575-1641, minister of Wickham Mar- ket, Suflolk, is considered by some the founder of Antino- miauism. The Discovery of a most dangerous Dead Faith, Lon., ItUlj 12mo. The Honeycomb of Free Justification, 1642, 4to. Pub. by Rubt. Lancaster, who informs us that i "The author's faith, zeal, and diligence in doinf; his calling, and : his faith, patience, and cheerfulness in RUlTeriog fur the same, were highlv exemplary." Eaton, General John Henry, 1786-1856. Life of General Andrew Jackson. Phila.. 1824, Svo. Eaton, Joseph. Di&p. Med. Inaug. de Vertigine, Lngd. Bat.. 1686, 4to. Eaton, Nathaniel. Inquisitio in variantes Theolo- gorum riuijrundam sententiasde Sabbato et Die Doininico, Fran., 1633, Svo. Oratio in Acad. Patavina, 1(U7, 4to. De Fastis Anglicis, sive Calendarium Sacrum, Lon., 1661, 12mo. Eaton, Richard. Funl. Serm., Lon.. 1616, 4to. Eaton, Richard. Rates of Md.se. Dubl., 1767, Svo, Eaton, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1645-54. Easton, Samuel, D.D. Human Life, in 17 Serms., Lon., 1764, Svo. Christy as taught by Christ himself, in 18 Serms., 1776, Svo. " Plain, easy, and sensible discourses, aboundintj with good sense, and manifesting the author's learning and application." — Lon. Motitfili/ L'evu'w, Eaiton, Samuel, minister of Harpswell, Maine, d. 1822. aged S5. Serm. on the death of Jacob Abbot, 1820. Eaton, \V. Political Relations of Russia, 1803. Eberle, J., M.D. Notes of Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1844. 12mo. Notes and Additions, by Geo. MeClellan. M.D., 1840, Svo. Treatise on the Diseases and Physical Education of Children ; with Notes and Additions, by T. D. Mitchell, M.D., Svo. Trea- tise of the Materia Medica and Therapeutics, 1847, 2 vols, in 1, Svo. Ebers, John. Seven Years of the King's Theatre, Lon., 1828, 8v«>. Eburne, Richard. Serms., &c., Lon., 1613, '16. A plaine Pathway tu Plantations. In three Parts, 1624, 4to. In this vol. will" be found *' Motives for a present Plantation in Newfoundland." Eccles, Ambrose, a native of Ireland, d. 1809, pub. inthree vols., (in all,) edits, of Cymbeline, 1793, Svoj King Lear, 1793, Svo; Merchant of Venice, 1805, Svo. " Each Tolume contains, not only notes and illustrations of va- rious commentators, with remarks by the editor, but the several critical and historical essays that have appeared at different times respecting each piece." — Biog. DniTnat. Eccles, James, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1737. Eccles, John, d. 1735, a musical composer, set some of Congreve's songs and odes to music. The airs were greatly admired, and cunsidered among the best of the day. Eccles, Samuel. Serms., 1750, '51, '53, '54, '55. Ecclestou, James. Introduction to English Auti- MO qnities, intended as a companion to the Ilist. of Eng., Lon., 1847, Svo. "It has demonstrated its usefulness by furnishing us at once with what would have required hours of search among dusty tomes to attain."' — Vhurch and State Gazette. '■A seasonalile and judicious work." — Edin. Btview. Questions on Mosheim and Burnet, 12mo. Treatise con- cerning the Life of God in the Suul of Man, ISmo. Eccleston, Theodore. The Quaker's Case of not Swearing, 10U4, 4to. Ecclestone, Edward. Noah's Flood, or the De- struction of the "World; an Opera, Lon., 1679, 4to. Repub. as The Cataclysm, in 1685, and as The Deluge, in 1691. Echard, Laurence, 16717-1730, a native of Suffolk j educated at Christ's College, Cambridge; presented to the livings of Welton and Elkinlon, Lincolnshire ; Archdeacon of Stowe, 1712; presented by George II., about 1722, to the livings of Rendlesham, Sudborne, and Alford. Suffolk. Description of Ireland, Lon., 16'JI, 12mo; of Flanders, 1691. Compend. of Geography, 1691, 1713, 8vo. The Roman History to the settlement by Augustus Caesar. Of this a 4th ed. was pub. in 1699, Svo; 1699-1705, 5 vols. 8vo; with a continuation, 1713, 5 vols. Svo; 1719, '20, 5 vols. Svo. The Roman Hist, from the settlement by Aug. C»sar to the removal of the Imperial seat of Constantino the Great. Of this a 2d ed. was pub. in 1699, Svo. Two continuations, one of which was revised by Echard, were afterwards pub. in 3 vols. Svo. A General Ecclesiastical HistorytoA.D. 313. 1702, fol.; 1710, 2 vols. Svo j 1712,6th ed.; 1722, 2 vols. Svo. "The Ecclesiastical History of Mr. Laurence Echard is the best of its kind in the En':;lish tongue." — Pridmiix's Conifurion. "A work valuable in manv respects." — Bishop Watsox. The History of England to 1688, 1707-18, 3 vols. fol. The author enumerates many authorities, informing us that " From all these I have compiled a history as full, comprehensive, and complete, as 1 could bring into the compass of the proposed size and bigness. And that nothing might be wanting. [ have all the way enriched it with the best and wisest saj ings of great men that I "could find in larger volumes, and likewise with such short moral reflections, and such proper characters of men, as might give life as well as add instruction to the history." Calamy, who thought the historian had misrepresented the Nonconformists, and Oldmixon, who conceived that ho discovered many historical blunders, both attacked our autbor. See Dr. Calamy's Letter to Echard, 1718, and Old- mixon's Critical Hist, of Eng.. &c. But nothing did more to injure the work than Echard's recital of Lindsey's story of the conference and contract between Oliver Cromwell and the Devil on the morning of the battle of Worcester. Echard by no means endorses the truth of the narration, but he dismisses the subject with a sly innuendo — or per- haps intended pleasantry: — "■ How far Lindsey is to be believed, and how far the story is to be accounted credible, is left to the reader's faith and judgment, and not to any determination of our own,"' — Vnl.ii. p. 713. ed.lTlS. Echard's History lost its popularity after the publication of Tindal's trans, of Rapin's. The large circulation of the former work was owing in part to the convenience of his arrangement: "This history, being chiefly intended for the useful diversion of the nobility and gentry, is put in such a method as appeared to be the least irksome to the reader; every reign being divided into so many stages or periods, as give frequent opportunities of pause and rest." — Bishop Nicolson: L'Tig. Hist. Lib. Gl. His opponent, Dr. Calamy, also praises this feature as well as other merits of the History : "The clearness of your method, and the perspicuity of your lan- guage, are two very great excellencies, which I admire. I am sin- gularly pleased with the refreshing divisions of your mattei-. and the chronological distinction of the several parts of your history." But the doctor proceeds to enumerate grave objections to the sprightly chronicler: "I neither admire many of the authors which you cite, nor your way of citing them: and I have some reason to think I am not singular in either. Many of the authors that are cited by you have so little credit in the world as to be far from giving sufficient warrant to justify your inserting things from them into an his- tory that should give an account to posterity of past transactions. And vour way of citing them is liable to very great objections."— Ldl'T to Mr.ArcMeacf/tr Echard. p. IIS, 119. See Biog. Brit. The Gazetteer; a Geographical Index to Europe, 1703, '04, 2 vols. 18mo; llthcd., 1716, 12mo. Classical Geogra- phical Dictionary, revised by S. Echard, 1715, Svo. Trans, of Three Comediesof Plautus, 2ded., 1716. Maxims from Tillotson, 1719, Svo. Hist, of the Revolution and Esta- blishment in 1688, 1725. Svo. Trans, of Terence, by Echard and others, 9th ed., 1741, 12mo. Serm., 1698, 4to. Serm., 1726, Svo. In the first volume of Dodsley*s Collection of Poems there is an ejiigram — so named — on the respective histories of Echard and Burnet, which reminds us forcibly uf the rapid and graphic pencil of the author of Hudibras: ECH EDG "Gil's history appears to me Political anatomy ; A case of skeletons well done, And malefactors every one. His sharp and strong incisive pen Historically cuts up men, And does with lucid sle able to say that Mr. Eden has hitherto escaped from the unmerciful and unscrupulous castigation which has been bestowed upon others. ... It is utterly impossible to pro- duce a more elaborate or correct exposition of the author, whose enormous labours had rendered the task of properly editing them well nigh Herculean."— BcZCs Lm. Messenger, notice of vol. vii Eden, Hon. Frederick. Historical Sketch of the International Policy of Modern Europe. Lon., 1823, 8vo. Eden, Sir Frederick Morton, Bart, Director of the Glolie Insurance Co., Loudon, 1809. 1. The State of the Poor; or, an History of the Labouring Classes in England from the Conquest to the Present Period, Lon., lf97, 3 vols. 4to. '■ This is the grand storehouse of information respecting the la- bouring classes of England, and should have a prominent place in every library."— JfcCuZtoc/i's Lit. of J'nlit. Bymonnj. A new ed. of this valuable work, with a continuation to the present time, is much needed. 2. Porto Bello, 1798, 8vo. 3. Inhabitants in G. Britain and Ireland, 1800, 8vo. 4. Friendly Societies, 1801, 8vo. 5. Eight Letters on the Peace, and on the Commerce and Manufactures of Great Britain, 1802, 8vo. 6. Maritime Bights of G. Britain, 2d ed., 1808, 8vo. 7. On the Policy and E.'ipediency of Granting Insurance Charters, 1806, 8vo. '■The arguments to show the expediency of granting charters to insurance companies are quite conclusive, and their validity is now universally admitti-d" — >IrCui,LOCH, ubi supra. Eden, Richard. ATreatyseof theNewIndia; trans. from the Latin of Sehastian Munster, Lon., 1553, 8vo. The Decades of the New World ; trans, from the Latin of R. Martyr, 1555, 4to. Augmented Ijy Richard Willes. 1577, 4to. The same Englished by Eden and Lok, 1612, 4to, The Arte of Nauigation ; trans, from the Spanysl»e of Mar- tin Cortes, 1561, '78, '80, '84, 4to. A very few copies have a folding wood-cut map of America. This is very valuable, especially to the collector of American History. Decade of Voyages; trans, from the Latin of Lewes Vertomanus, 1576, 8vo. The History of Travayle in the West and East Indies, and other Countreys lying eyther w.ay towardes the fruitful! and rych Moluccaes, Ac. Gathered in parte, and done into Englishe, by Richard Eden. Newly set in order, augmented and finished, by Richard Willes, 1577, 4to. Willett, 844, £3 ISs. Roxburghe, 7179, £6 10». A long extract from Willes's explanatory preface to this rare work will be found in Rich's Cat. of Books relating principally to America, 1832, p. 14. A very necessarie and profitable Booke concerning Nauigation; trans, from the Latin of Joannes Taisnierus. Sold along with the Arte of Nauiga- tion, 1579, 4to. '■ Eden was the first Englishman who undertook to present in a collective form the astonishing results of that spirit of maritime enterprise which had been everywhere awakened by the discovery of America; nor was he a mere compiler; we are indebted to him for .several original voyages of great curiosity and value. He is not exempt from error, but in point of learning, accuracy, and in- tegrity is certainly superior to Ilakluyt; yet it is undoubted, that while the name of the latter, like that of Vespucci, has become in- delibly associated with the New World, his predecessor is very little known." — Jiicli's Bii'I. Ainer. Nm'a. Eden, Robert, Archdeacon of Winton. Jurispruden- tia Philologica; sive Elementa Juris Civilis, secundum Methodum et seriem Institutionum Justiniani, notis Clas- sicis et Historicis, nee non Parallelis Juris Anglicani Locis, illustrata, Oxon., 1744, Svo; Lon., 1763, 4to. Antonii Schultingii Jurisconsulti Oratio de Jurisprudentia Marci Tullis Ciceronis Notis Illustrata, 1761, 4to. Eden, Robert, D.D., Canon of Windsor. Serms. pub. separately, 1743, '54, '55, '56. Eden, Rev. Robert. Churchman's Theolog. Diet., 2d ed., Lon., 1846, 12mo. "The design of this work is to give plain and simple explana- tions of the Theological and Ecclesiastical terms which are used in describing and discussing religious Ordinances, Doctrines, and In- stitutions, without entering into the controversies which have arisen respecting their object and import." Puller's Moderation of the Church of England. A new ed.. thoroughly revised, with an Introductory Preface, &c., 1843, Svo. "The reader of it will be surprised and delighted at the disco- veries which it makes to him of the msdom of our Church." — Edir terras Preface. '' A calm and argumentative statement of the views of the Church, as conclusively set forth in her Liturgy, Articles, and Homilies. We earnestly recommend it both to the clergy and laity." — Oh. of Enrj. Quar. Iieview. JEden, Hon. Robert Henley, afterwards Lord Henley. 1. Reports of Cases in H. C. of Chancery, 1757- 66 ; from the MSS. of Lord Chancellor Northington, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 2d ed., with addits., 1827, 2 vols, in 1, 8vo; Phila., 1S39. Lord Northington's decisions were first pub. by Ambler, (Cases, 1737-83 :) the publication of Mr. Eden, however, a descendant of his lordship, (formerly Lord Keeper Henley.) are much to be preferred. Ambler's errors and imperfections are to some extent rectified and remedied. Cox's Reports (the editor of Peere Williams) contain some decisions of Lord Northington and also of Lord Hardwicke. " The authority of Lord Northington is very great, and it arose from the uncommon vigour and clearness of his understanding." See 1 Kent's Com.; Wallace's Reporters, 82; 21 Amer. Jurist, 241; 12 Leg. Obs., 524; Marvin's Leg. BibL, 288. 2. A Treatise on the Law of Injunctions, Lon., 1821, 8vo. Ist Amer. ed., with Notes and References to Amer. Deci- sions, N. York, 1822, Svo; Albany, 1839. 3d Amer. ed., by Thos. W. Waterman, N. York, 1852, 2 vols. Svo. A new English edit, is now (1858) in preparation. 3. A Practical Treatise on the Bankrupt Law, as amended by the New Act of the 6th Geo. IV., c. 16; 2d ed., Lon., 1826, Svo; Phila., 1841, Svo. 4. A Digest of the Bankrupt Law, with an Ap- pendix of Precedents. Ac, 3d ed., Lon., 1832, r. Svo. A new ed. is now (185S) in preparation. Eden, Wm. See Auckland, Lord. Edens, J. Account of a Journey from Port Oratavia to the top of the Peak of Tenerifi'e, Phil. Trans., 1714. Edes. Serms., 1604, Svo. Edgar, John. Decisions of the Lords of Sessions from Jan., 1724, to Aug., 1725, Edin., 1726, fol. Edgar, Sir John, i. e. Sir Richard Steele. Edgar, John, D.D. Female Virtue, Lon., 1841, Svo. Ml EDG JEDG Edgar, Samuel. The Variations of Popery, Bubl., 1832, Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1838, 8vo. '^ It furnishes many a strange commentary on infallibility, unity, uninterrupted succession, universality, and so fortb." — Lon. Pres. Jitv., 1S37. The object of this wnrk with respect to Popery is the same as Bussuet's in relation to Protestantism. Edgar, Win. Vectigalium Systema; or British Cus- toms, Lon., 1714, Svo. Statutes, &c. rel. to Revenues of Ireland, 1720, Svo. Edgarton, Miss Sarah C. See Mato. Edge, Wni. John. Appeal to the readers of "Ancient Christianity," Lon.. 18-40, Svo. Edgecumbe, James, D.D. Human Reason, 1736,8vo. Edgecumbc, JLord Mountmorres. See Mount- MORRES. Edgeworth, C Sneyd. Memoirs of the Abbe Edge- worth, L()n., 1815. Svo. Edgeworth, 3Iaria, 1767-1849, was the daughter of Richard Lovell Edgewiirth, of Edgeworth's-town, in the county of Longford, Ireland; a gentleman distinguished not only for literary taste and mechanical ingenuity, but also as the successful wooer of four ladies, who in turn ac- cepted his hand. Maria, a daughter of the tirst marriage, was born in Oxfordshire, and resided in England until 17S2, when her father succeeded to the family estate, and removed to Ireland. Mr. Edgeworth took a lively interest in the cause of education, and was pleased to find in Maria an able literary coadjutor. In 179S appeared a Treatise on Practical Education, a joint production. Miss Edgeworth pub. in 1810, Early Lessons, in ten parts, and her father added a continuation in 1S15, 2 vols. 12mo. Another joint work, which attained great popularity, An Essay on Irish Bulls, made its appearance in 1802. Mr. Edgeworth is supposed to have had a share in several other compositions pub. by Maria. Castle Rackrent, issued in ISOl, was the first of a series uf novels which proved the possession of powers of a diversified character — descriptive, philosophi- cal, pathetic, and humorous — seldom combined in one in- dividual. Nor is this the highest praise which is to be ac- corded to Miss Edgeworth. In Belinda, Leonora, The Modern Griselda, Moral Tales, Popular Tales, the Tales of Fashionable Life, Patronage, Harrington, Ormond, Helen, &c., we are made to feel that our amusement is not the only, nor the principal, object of the writer who so charms us. It will be our own fault if mental and moral improve- ment^ — a desire to gain knowledge, to be good, and to do good — are not promoted by the pen of Maria Edgeworth. But in her anxiety to teach profitable lessons to those who had already assumed the responsibilities of life. Miss Edge- worth did not permit herself to forget the objects of her early care, to whose instruction she had devoted the first fruits of her clear and practical intellect. In 1822 she pub. Rosamond, a Sequel to Early Lessons ; which was followed by Harry and Lucy, and The Parent's Assistant. She com- pleted in 1820 a Memoir of herfather, (commenced by him.) who died in 1817. We give the contents of the collective edition of Miss Edgeworth's Novels and Tales, pub. in 18 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1832: Vu!. I. Castle Rackrent; Essay on Irish Bulls; Essay on Self-Justification. II. Forester; The Prussian Vase; The Good Aunt. IlL Angelina; The Good French Go- verness; Mademoiselle Panache ; The Knapsack. IV. Lame Jervas; The Will; The Limerick Gloves; Out of Debt, Out of Danger; The Lottery; Rosanna. V. Murad the Unlucky; The Manufacturers ; The Contrast; The Grate- ful Negro; To-morrow. VI. Ennui; The Dun. VII. Ma- noeuvring; Almeria. VIII. Vivian. IX. The Absentee. X. The Absentee, (concluded;) Madame de Fleury; Emilie de Coulanges; The Modern Griselda. XL, XII. Belinda. XIIL Leonora; Letters. XIV., XV. Patronage. XVL Co- mic Dramas. XVII. Harrington ; Thoughts on Bores. XVIII. Ormond. Tales and Novels, N.Y., 1833-34, 10 vols. In 1S34 Miss Edgeworth gave to the world Helen, the last, and one of the most popular, of her novels ; and — true to her early predilection for the instruction of youth — closed her useful labours by the juvenile story of Orlandino. A new collective edition of her Tales and Miscellaneous Pieces was pub. in 1848, Lon., 9 vols. 12mo. Of several of her works there have been numerous editions. In America, as well as at home, her works have been widely circulated, and are highly valued. We could occupy many pages, if permitted by our limits, with commendations by the highest authorities of Miss Edgeworth's compositions. A few brief extracts must suffice: Sir Walter Scott was so delighted with " the rich humour, pathetic tenderness, and admirable tact" of her Ii'ish por- 542 traits, that he determined to try his own skill in drawing Scotch character, though despairing of equalling his model : *" If I could but hit Miss Edi;eworth"s wonderful power of vivi- fying all her persons, and making them \i\ea.sbei7i//s in your mind, 1 should not be afraid.' Often has the Author of Waverley used such language to me; and I knew that I gratified him most when I could say — 'Positively this is equal to Miss Edgeworth.' You will thus judge, madam, how deeply he must feel such praise as you have bestowed upon his efforts." — James Ballanlyne to Maria Eiiqeivorth^ respect ing iter comintndaiion of WaverUy. Wth Nov. 1S14. See Lockharfs Life of Scott. We need hardly remind the reader of the memorable visit paid by Maria and two of her sisters to Abbotsford ia 1823: "Never," says Mr. Lockhart. "did I see a brighter day at Abbots- ford than that on which Miss Edgeworth first arrived there; never can I forget her look and accent when she was received by him at his archway, and exclaimed, ' Every thing about yon is exactly what one ought to have had wit enough to dream.' '" — Uhi supra. A review by Sir Walter of Miss Edgeworth's Patronage, will be found in the Edinburgh Review, xxii. 416 : "The taste and gallantry of the age." remarks the distinguished critic, "may have at last pretty generally sanctioned the ardent admiration with which we greeted the first steps of this distin- guished lady in her literary career; but the calmer spirits of the South can hardly yet comprehend the exhilarating effect which her reappearance uniformly produces upon the saturnine complexion of their Northern Heviewers." " Iter extraordinary merit, both as a novelist and a woman Of genius, consists in her having selected a class of virtues far more diflicult to treat as the subject of fiction than others, and whicli had therefore been left by former writers to her." — Sir James Mack- int'isfi. '' As a writer of tales and novels, she has a very marked pecu- liarity. It is that of venturing to dispense common sense to her readers, and to bring them within the precincts of real life and natural feeling. She presents them with no incredible adventures or inconceivalile sentiments, no hyperbolical representations of uncommon character or monstrous exhibitions of exaggerated passion. "Without excluding love from her pages, she knows how to assign to it Its just limits. She neither degrades the sentiment from its true dignity, nor lifts it toaburlesriue elevation. It takes its proper place among the passions. Her heroes and heroines, if such they may be called, are never miraculously good, nor detest- ably wicked. They are such men and women as we see and con- verse with every day of our lives: with the same proportional mix- ture in them of what is right and what is wrong, of what is great and what is little." — Lord Dudley : Lon. Quar. Rev., ii. 146, 1810. " The writings of Miss Edgeworth exhibit so singular an union of sober sense and inexhaustible invention — so minute a know- ledge of all that distinguishes manners, or touches on happiuess in every condition of human fortune — and so just an estimate hoih. of the real sourcesof enjoyment, and of the illusions by which they are so often obstructed. — that it cannot be thought wonderful that we should separate her from the ordinary manufacturer of novels, and speak of her Tales as works of more serious importance than much of the true history and solemn philosophy that comes daily under our inspection. ... It is impossible, we think, to read ten pages in any of her writings, without feeling, not only that the whole, but that everv part of them, was intended to do good." — Lord Jeffrey: Iklin.' Kev.. xx. lOO. 1S12; xxviii. 391. 1817. '' Some one has described the novels of Miss Edgeworth as a sort of essence of common sense; and the definition is not inappropri- ate." — SiE "W.iLTER Scott. '' She is the author of works never to be forgotten : of works which can never lose their standard value as * English classics,' and deserve that honourable name infinitely more than half the dull and licentious trash bound up in our libraries under that title. . . . Her novels always found an eager reception, at a time when the poetry of Scott, of Campbell, and of Crabbe. was issuing in its freshness from the press, when the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, then splendid novelties, were to be duly read and studied, when Bladame de Stael was at her zenith, and, in a word, when the competition of the noblest wits was only less keen than at the present day." — Edward Everett: N. Amcr. Bev., svii. 388, 1823. A very interesting account of a visit to Maria Edgeworth, is given in Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall's work, entitled Ireland j and reviews of her works will be found in the Edin. Rev., vols, viii., siv., xx., xxii., xxviii., and xxxiv. ; Lon. Quar. Rev., vols, ii., vii., xvii., and li. ; Lon. Monthly Rev., vols. Ixxxviii. and cix ; N. Amer. Rev., vols, vi., xvii., and xxxix. ; and other prominent periodicals. See also Allan Cunning- ham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last Fifty Years. Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, 1744-1817, a native of Bath, father of Maria Edgeworth, has already come under our notice in the preceding article. The reader will find a particular account of this gentleman in his Memoirs, (completed by his daughter Maria.) pub. in 1S20, 2 vols. Svo. He pub. a number of works in addition to those al- ready noticed as the joint productions of himself and daughter. A Letter on the Telegraph, and on the Defence of Ireland, Lon., 1796, Svo. Poetry explained for the use of Young People, 1802. Svo. Essays on Professional Edu- cation, 1809, 4to. An Essay on the Construction of Roads and Carriages. ISIO, '13, Svo. " The directions for making roads are very sensible and enlight- ened, and put forth the practised modes of the present day."— DonaldSQJis AgrictiU. Biog. EDO EDW Continnation of Maria Edgowortt's Early Lessons, 1815. Svo. Contriljiitiuus ou Natural PliilosDjiliy, Natural His- tory, Mechanics, Ac, to Phil. Trans., nn'.i. '84; Archseol., 1786; Trans. Rov. Irish Acad., 178S, '97: Nic. Jour., 1806, '09, '10, '11 ; Phil. Mag., 1816, '16. Mr. Edgeworth re- peatedly obtained prizes from the Society of Arts for his mechanical contrivances. He was the principal literary adviser of his celclirated daughter, and she derived great advantages from his intelligent co-operation. We have noticed his Letter on the Telegraph, puli. in 1796. An Essay of his, on The Art of Conveying .Secret and Swift Intelligence, will be found in Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 1797. Edgeworth, or Edgworth, Roger, d. about 1560, a zealous K. Catliolic divine, was made Chancellor of Wells in 1554. lie held several important ecclesiastical posts. Sermons very FruitefuU and Learned preached and sette foorth, Lon., 1667, 4to and Svo. Two of his tracts, on the Sacraments, and Bishops and Priests, will be found in the Appendix to Bisliop Burnet's History of the Reformation j and copious extracts from his sermons are inserted by Dr. Dibdin in his Library Companion. '■ His Discourses are not only worth possessing, from being very uncommon, but from cont.iining much curious and interesting iu- telIii:enoe: delivered, upon the whole, with considerable caution, but with the decisive tone of Catholic zeal." — Ubi supra. Edgeworth, Theodore, supposed to be an assumed name. The Shipwreck; or. Memoirs of an Irish Officer and his Family, ISll, 3 vols. 12mo. Edgley, Samuel. Serm., Oxf., 1724, 4to. Edguardus, Dav. De Indiciis et Praecognitionlbus. Eivsdem in Anatomicen Introductio, Lon., 1532, Svo. Edgworth, Robert. Case of, Ac, fob Edie, George. English Shooting, Lon., 1772. Svo. Ediugtou, Robert. Penitentiarv for the Employment of Convicts, 1803, 4to; 1816. Coal Trade, 1S13, Svo. Edkins, Joshua. CoIIec. of Poems, 1801, Svo. Ediin, A. Two Cases of Gout, Uxb., 1S04, 12mo. Bread-Mal." — }fat!tiT's Student. He wrote several pieces against Locke's Reasonableness of Christianity. Pathologia (in his Remains, 1713, 8vo.} Edwards here takes the same view as Daillio. See other publications of this excellent author in Watt's Bibl. Brit. He did not hesitate to criticize the opinions of Whiston, Locke, AVhitl)y, and Samuel Clarke. *' It is impnssii>le to peruse any of the writings of Edwards with- out bein;i pliMsed with the earnestness with whirh the writer de- voted himself to the interpretation of the Scriptures. lit; was a man of piety and considerable learning, and by no means destitute of acuteuess. A very great number of difficult passages are ex- amined in the above works. [The Inquiry. Style, and Perfection of the 0. and N. Test, and Kxceroitatinns, ;;iiiil Ii.- must be no ordinary scholar who does not find instructiim in tlnm." — Ormc's Bihl. Bib. "That he was a man of extensive k^iruing cannot be denied; and in the materials from whieh we have dra.%vn uji this article, he is said tn have been the Paul, the Augustine, the lir.iwardine, the Cahin of his age." — Dr. Kippis : Bing. Brit., q. v. " Edwards was a voluminous writer of a controversial spirit, who pointed out and endeavoured touheck the departure from reforma- tion priuciples in his time, but not in the spirit that would com- mend liis sentiments." — Biclrrstfth''s C S. EdAVards, John. British Herbal, Lon.. 1770, fob; 1775. With 100 col'd plates of flowers which blow in the open air of G. Britain, with de.scriptious and manner of cultivation. Edwards, John. Scrms., Lon., 1773, Svo. Edwards, John. Goose Grass for Scurvy, Lon., 1784, 8vo. Edwards, John. The Patriot Soldier; aPoem, 17S4, 4to. Kathleen, 1808, 4to. Abradatesand Panthea; aTra- gedy, 1808, 8vo. Interests of Ireland, 1815. Edwards, John. Sernis., Ac. Lou., 1791-1806. Edwards, Jonathan, D.D., 16;;9-1712, a native of Wrexham, Denhin;h.shire, entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1655; Fellowof.TesusColl.,lG62; Rectoroflviddingtou, Ox- fordshire, which (in 1681) he exchanged for Ilinton, Hamp- shire; Principal of Jesus Coll., 1686. Remarks upon Dr. Sherlock's Examination of the Oxford Decree, Ac, Oxf., 1695, 4to ; anon. A Preservative against Socinianism, in 4 parts; with an Index by Mr.T.Hearne, Oxf., 1698-1703, 4to. " Valuabk' and satislactury." — Bicker.'iteth's Chris. StKdent. On the 2d Article, 1702. A Vindication of the Doctrine of Original Sin, Oxf., 1711, 8vo. This is against Dr. Daniel Whitby. EdAvards, Jonathan, 1703-1758, an eminent meta- physician ami divine, was born on the 5th of October, at Windsor, in the province of Connecticut. His ancestors, who were English, emigrated to America in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. His father, Ilev. Timothy Edwards, was pastor of a church in Windsor for sixty years. In 1716 Jonathan became a student of Yale College, where he re- ceived the degree of B,A. in his seventeenth year. He evinced at an early age that love for metaphysical studies which was the principal characteristic of his very remark- able intellect. When only thirteen, he read Locke On the Human Understanding, with a keener delight than a "miser feels when gathering up handfuls of silver and gold from some newly-discovered treasure." In 1722 he was licensed to preach, and exercised his ministry for eight months in the city of New York; his congregation being composed of English Presbyterians. Returning home in the spring of 1723, be devoted himself to his studies. In the ensuing spring he took his Master's degree, and whilst at New Haven was appointed tutor in Yale College. Tho duties of this post he peribrmed with great success and reputation. In September, 1726; he accepted an invitation to become the colleague of his mother's father, Mr. Stod- dard, in a church at Northampton. He was installed in February, 1727, and continued the discharge of his minis- terial duties in this post for twenty-four years. In July of this year he was married to Mi^^s Sarah Picrrepont. AVhilst zealously employed in his efforts for the spiritual improvement of his charge, Mr. Edwards was pained to find that some young men of the congregation had im- ported a number of improper liooks, and were engaged in circulating them, to the great injury of good morals. De- termined to arrest the evil, he spared not in his reproofs a number of the members of the most influential families, who were known to be offenders. This praiseworthy zeal elicited much dislike, which was increased by his insisting on holiness of life in all who approached the table of our Lord. After several meetings of the members of his con- gregation, it was finally put to vote whether he should con- tinue to act as their pastor: it is melancholy to be obliged to state that this good man was ejected by a majority of ISO. 3J Mr. Edwards now removed to Stnekbridgc, Massachu- setts, where he preached to the Indians and a few white hearers. During his residence at this station, he devoted his leisure hours to writing his princii)al works. It was hero that ho completed his design of preparing a treatise on the subject of Free Will : ''It was not till the month of July, 1752. that he appears to have resumed his studies on the subject of free will; for the 7th of that month he write.s Dr. Erskine that he hoped soon to be at leisure to resume bis design, and frives him another sketch of the plan of his book, in which, thou^'h there l)e uothin"; new. there is more than in that whifh he had formerly sent him. ^Vhatever opinion may be held «ith re^'ard to Mr. Edwards's argument, it must appear astonishin^i; to tlntsi^ who are capable of appreciating the difficulty of bis siibj.rt, that, in nine months fiom the date of this letter, on the 14tb of April, 1753. he could wiite I)r. Erskine that he had almost tinished tht- tirst drau;.^ht of what he originally intended. thout,'h he was under the necessity of delaying the pub- lication till he knew the result of proposals which be bad circulated for printing his book by subscription. This book was published in 1754; and, thouch he bad made some progress in i>reparing his materials before he left Northampton, was certainly written, and nearly completed, within the time ascertained by the two letters referred to, and must be admitted to convey a very striking idea bothofhisment;il resources and of bis literary ardour." — Sir IIenri MoNCPlEFF: Wellu'vod's Lift: of Dr. Er shine. In 1757, on the death of his son-in-law, the Rev. Aaron Burr, (father of Aaron Burr, afterwards Vice-President of the United States,) Mr. Edwards was chosen his suc- cessor as President of the College of New Jersey, at Prince- ton. This unexpected call found him deeply engaged in projecting several extensive theological works, among which were, A History of the AVork of Redemption, and a Harmony of the Old and New Testaments. Guided by the counsel of several judicious friends, he accepted the prof- fered office, and removed to Princeton in .January, 1758. On the 16th of the nest month he assumed the duties of the presidency, froui which he was removed by death on the 22d of March ensuing. His death was caused by an attack of the small-pox. then prevailing in the town. Mr. Edwards had been inoculated about a month before his decease. His Treatise on Original Sin, in answer to Dr. Taylor, of Norwich, was finished in the year before his death. It is said that even Taylor acknowledged that he was defeated. The excellent Treatise on the Religious AflTections, pub. 1746, has been highly commended as one of the best ever penned upon this most important theme. In addition to these works, Mr. Edwards published i^ermons, 1731, '34, '38. '41, '44, '46, '52, A Narrative of the Work of God in the Conversion of many hundred souls in Northampton, in 173G. Thoughts on the Revival of Religion, 1742. An Attempt to Promote Agreement in Prayer for the Revival of Religion, 1746. Life of D. Braincrd, 1746. An In- quiry into tho Qualifications for full Comniuiiiun in the Church, 1749. A Reply to S. Williams's Answer to the In- quiry, 1752. After his death, there were pul>lished from his MSS. 18 Sermons {with his life) by Dr. Hopkins, 1765; The History of Redemption, 1774; On the Nature of True Virtue, 1788; God's Last End in the Creation; 33 Ser- mons; 20 Sermons, 1789; Miscellaneous Observations, 1793; Miscellaneous Remarks, 1796. Mr. Edwards's principal work, A Careful and Strict In- quiry into the modern prevailing notion that Freedom of Will is supposed to be essential to Moral Agency, is un- doubtedly the great bulwark of Calvinistic theology. As an intellectual production, it proves its author to have been one of" the greatest metaphysicians that the world has ever seen. We have many testimonies to support this assertion ; " I consider .lonathan Kdwards the grcite.'^t of the sous of men. He ranks with the brightest Inminaries of the Christian church, not excluding any country, or any age, since the apostolic." — Ro- bert Hall. "That great master-mind. Jonathan Edwards, whose close- sighted observation, clear jndgment, and unbending faithfulness, were of the very highest order."— 1>R. J. PvE Smitu. Dr. Erskine very happily groups together the characte- ristics of our author: ''.lonathan Edwards was remarkable for the penetration and ext^ent of his understanding, for bis powers of criticism and accu- rate distinction, quickness of thought, solidity of judgment, and force of reasoning. . . He very early discovered a genius above ths ordinary size, which gradually ripened and expanded by daily exertion and application. By nature he was formed for a logician and a metaphysician; but, by speculation, observation, and con- verse, greatly improved. JIo had a good insight into tho whole circle of liberal arts aud sciences: pos6es.sed a very valuable stock of classical learning, jihilosophy, mathematics, history, and chro- nology." Dr. Erskine, an excellent judge of men and books, in- troduced several of our author's writings to the British public, '*and declared that he did not think our age had produced a divine of equal judgment or genius." 543 EDW EDW "Jonathan Edwards is a writer of great originality and piety. and with extraordinary mental powers. lie in fact cuuimenced a new and hijiher school in divinity, to which mnny subsequent writers, Erskine. Fuller, Newton, Scdtt, Kyland, the Milners, Dwiglit, and indeed the great body of evangelical authors who have since lived, have been indebted." — ItKV. E. IJjrKKKSTETH. Dugald Stewart, after noticing CulUns's controversj with Clarke, remarks that "It is remarkable how completely Collins has anticipated Dr. Jonjitlian Edwards, the most celebrated, and indisputably the ablest, champion of the scheme of Necessity who has since ap- peared.'' The reader will hardly expect us to voluntarily engulf ourselves in this whirlpool of metaphygics, wherein the ■wits of many great, many wise, many valiant men have been so completely wrecked. Baron de Grimm, indeed, cut the Gordian knot without ceremony, but we doubt if bis noble auditor, the Duko of Saxe Gotha, received much either of instruction or edification from the baron's decla- mation ; and certain we are that it would require more than Diderot's letter to reconcile us to Diderot's philosophy. Sir James Mackintosh, who whilst at college had de- bated with his friend Robert Hall "almost every import- ant position in Edwards on the Will," thus speaks of him in later years: -'This remarkable man, Iho me ti physician of America, was formed among the Calvinists of New England, when their sb?rn doctrine retained its vigorous authority. His power of subtile argument, perhaps unmatched, certainly unsurpassed among men, was joined, as in some of the ancient Mystics, with a charac- ter which raised his piety to fervour. lie embraced their doctrine, probably without knowing it to be theirs. -True religion,' says he, ■ in a great measure, consists in holy affections.' . . . His ethical theory is contained in his Dissertatirm on the Nature of True Vir- tue; and in another, On God's chipf End in the Creation. ... As tar as Edwards confines himself to created beings, and while his theory is perfectly intelligible, it coincides with that of universal henevolence, hereafter to be considered." See 2d Prelim. Dissert, to Eucyc. Brit. The other young philosopher — -the college friend of Sir James, who rose to as great distinction in another sphere — that most eloquent orator, Robert Hall, always retained his reverence for Edwards. His acquaintance with his writings commenced at even an earlier period than those 1 happy days when the two friends debated so keenly, yet I amicably, amidst the picturesque scenery of the banks of tho Don. Dr. Gregory assures us that when Robert Hall i was as yet a mere child, '' The works of Jonathan Edwards I were among his favourites; and it is an ascertained fact, \ that before he was nine years of age, he had perused and reperuscd, with intense interest, the treatises of that pro- ' found and extraordinary' thinker on the * Affections' and ■ on the 'Will.' His regard never diminished; he for full i sixty years read Jonathan Edwards's writings with undi- minished pleasure." It is hardly necessary perhaps to observe that in quoting ' these testimonies to the intellectual greatness of Edwards, the theological system of which he was so able an exposi- tor is not at all intended to be brought under consideration. "The Treatise on the Will is to a true philosophy of human na- ture as the demonstrations of Leibnitz are to modern mechanical science."' — Isaac Tatlor. '■ To theological students his works are almost indispensable. In all the branches of theology, didactic, polemical, casuistic, ex- perimental, and practical, he had few equals, and perhaps no supe- rior. The number and variety of his works show the intenseness of his industry and the uncommon strength of his intellectual powers. The Inquiry into the Will is a masterly work, which, as a specimen of exact analysis, of profound or perfect abstraction, of conclusive logic, and of calm discussion, will long support its high reputation, and will continue to be used as a classic materi.al in the business of intellectual education." — Lowmks's Brit. Lib. Of this work the London Quarterly Review remarks : " It is commonly referred to by nrnd-Tn Cjilriiiists as containing both their sentiments and the cnntnin.itiMn of tbi-in. In it the metaphysical reasonings in favour nf tin.- ]>iv'lfstiiKition tenets, produced in such abundance duiiiig the century succeeding the Keformation, have been digested and brought within reasonable compass." The Introductory Essay by Isaac Taylor to the edition pub. in London, 1831, has been highly commended: "It established the author's claims to rank among the most accomplished metaphysical writers of the present day. His main object is to analyze and separate, as by a chemi- cal test, the different elements of Edwards's arguments, and to place in its true light, or to refer to its proper de- partment of science, the Inquiry concerning human agency, free will, liberty, and necessity." "The Inquiry into the Will is .1 most profound and acute dis([ui- sitioo. Thf^ English Calviuists have produced nothing to be put in competition with it. . . . That extraordinary man. who in a metaphysical age or country would certainly have been deemed as much the boast of America as his greiit countryman, Franklin."' — Sir .Tames Mackintosh. The Discourses on Justification Mr. Bickersteth considers among the best on that all-important doctrine, 546 The History of the Work of Redemption, which is a mere out- line of what the author intended, (see antt\) exhibits a "method entirely new. Though a posthumous pulilication, it di-'^covers the same originality and accuracy of thought with the other works of the author.'"~DR. Wiluams. "It shows the author's intimate acquaintance with the plan of heaven, and how well he could illustrate its progressive develop- ment." — ORME. From this last-named writer, a very eminent authority, we quote some further comments on our great author: "Jonathan Edwards, as a philosopher, as well as a divine, had few equals, and no superior, among his contemporaries. His works will live as long .as powerful reasoning, genuine religion, aud the science of the human mind, continue to be objects of respect. . . . The Treatise on Religious Affections discovers his profound ac- quaintance with the nature of genuine religion, and with all the deceitful workings of the human heart. The Inquiry into the Free- dom of the Human Will displays the talent of the author as a metaphysician, and his accurate knowledge of the Arminian aud Calvinistic controversy. His Defence of the Christian Doctrine of Original Sin, designed partly as an answei* to a work on that sub- ject by Dr. John Taylor of Norwich, discovers the same high quali- ties which belong to his former works, with a greater portion of excellent critical interpretation of the Scripture. His style, it is to be regretted, repels many from the examination of his writings ; but a little perseverance and attention will render it familiar to a diligent student, and the effect of his close and convincing reason- ing will prove eminently beneficial to the understandiug." — Bi- hlihthfca Bihlica. "A profound searcher into the genuine sources of truth, well versed in the Holy Scripture.^, a close and minute reasoner, a strenuous defendiT of h'tliiiiss and the rights of Uod; plain and perspicuous in his untbod. iiiindornfd but prolix in his language. On the whole, a nin,-.t cx'^ilbnt wiitir. both practical and contro- versial." — Dr. WiUnuna'^ Chnslian Frmcher. Dr. Jamieson refers to the respect accorded to Edwards's powerful work by both parties of theologians: " As a theological writer, he occupies the foremost rank amongst metaphysical divines. His work on the Freedom of the Will, is universally acknowledged to be one of the greatest efforts of hu- man intellect; and while he is regarded by the Calviuists as the greatest champion of the ])hilosophical necessity on which their system is built, the Arminiaus also look to him as an authority, whose principles and reasoning they are fnrced to treat with respect. Theotherworksof Mr. Edwards — i)nOriginalSiu, On the -Affections, The History of Iledemption — be;ir the same stamp of high intel- lectual power, and all enjoy au extensive reputation." For a comparison between Bishop Butler and Jonathan Edwards, see Butler, Joseph, in this volume. A highly- respected authority thus advises : " Coming on to modern theological writers, I recommend you to familiarize yourselves with the works of the acute, the philosophi- cal, the profound, the pious Jonathan Edwards, and those of An- drew Fuller. I know nothing like the latter for a beautiful com- bination of doctrinal, pr.actical. and experimental religion.'' — Oiunsds to Students of Theology on leaving College, by John Angdl James. We notice the following editions of Edwards's works: I. Edit. pub. at Worcester, Mass., 1809, 8 vols. 8vo. (See No. 7.) 2. E.lited by Dr. Williams, of Rotherham, Lon., 1S17, 8 vols. r. Svo. and vols. ix. and x., Edin., 1847, r. 8vo, £7 88. 3. By Edward Hickman, Lon., ls;U, 2 vols. imp. Svo; 1839, 428. 4. An edit, by Dr. Austin, 1809, 8 vols. 5. An edit, by Dr. Sereno Edward Dwight, 1830, 10 vols. Svo. 6. An' edit. pub. in New York in 4 vols. r. Svo, 1844. I To this edit. Mr. Robert Ogle, of London, added 2 vols. r. Svo, in 1S46. The two supplementary vols, contain Tho Notes on the Bible, Miscellaneous Observations, Types of the Messiah, and 17 Occasional Sermons. 7. A reprint of the Worcester edit, was pub. in N. York in lS5o. 4 vols. Svo. In 1852 (N. York, ISmo) a series of 10 Lectures on Charity and its Fruits was pub. from President Edwards's MSS., edited by the author's groat-grandson, the Rev. Tryon Edwards, D.D., of New London, Connecticut. Wc are pleased to announce that this gentleman, the trustee of Edwards's MSS., is now (I80SJ engaged upon a new ed. of the works of his distinguished ancestor, to be issued in Edin- burgh and the United States simultaneously. We venture to express the hope that the editor will not hesit-ate to mako this edition as complete as the bue!itcsn prospects of the un- dertaking will at all justify. Few of the admirers of Pre- sident Edwards have any conception of the vast store of his writings by which the world has never yet had an oppor- tunity to be prolited. Dr. Tryon Edwards tells us, •■ These manuscripts are very numerous. The seventeenth cen- tury was an age of voluminous authorship. The works of Bishop Ibill :iinnunt to ten volumes octavo; Lightfriot's, to thirteen; Jere- my Taylor's, to fifteen; Dr. Goodwin's, to twenty; Owen's, totwenty- eizlit; while Baxter's would extend to some sixty volumes, or fpini thirty to forty thousand closely-printed octavo pages. Tho manuscripts of Edwards, if all published, would be more voluoii- nnus than the works of any of these writers, if possibly the last be excepted. And these manuscripts have been carefully preserved and kept together; and about three years since were committed to the editor of this work, as sole permanent trustee, by all the then surviving graud-childreu of their author." — Preface I" Charity and its Fruits. After this statement, we shall hardly excuse Dr. Edwards EBW Emv if he fail to add considerably to the contents of the previous editions of the works of his great iinee«tor. In addition to the notices contained in the works already referred to, the reader must peruse the biography of this distin- guished divine in Middleton's Evangel. Biog., and the Life, by Samuel Miller, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st series, viii. 1. Edwards, Jonathan, D.D., 1745-1801, son of the preceding, graduated at the College of New Jersey, 1765; licensed to preach, 1766; tutor at Princeton College, 1767- 69; pastor of the church of White Haven at New Haven, 1769-95; pastor of the church at Colebrook, in Litchfichl county, 1796; President of Union Coll., Schenectady, N. York, 1799-1801. Dr. Edwards pub. a number of serms. and theological treatises, for a list of which see Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet., and a collective edit, of his works edited by his grandson, Dr. Tryon Edwards. He was a contri- butor (signatures I and 0) to the N. York Theolog. Maga- zine, and edited from his father's MSS. The History of the AVork of Redemption, two vols, of Sermons, and two vols, of Observations on important theolog. subjects. Many in- teresting particulars respecting the second President Ed- wards — not to be met with elsewhere — will be found in the Memoir pub. by Dr. Tryon Edwards. *' There were several remarkable coincidences in the lives of Dr. Edwards and his father. Both were tutors in the seminaries in which they were educated: were dismissed on account of their re- ligious opinions: were settled again in retired situations; were elected to the presidentship of a collepe; and. in a short time after they were inaugurated, died at nearly the same age. They were also reniarkal'lv similar in person and character." Edwards, Joseph. Serms., 1731, '36, '43. '50. Edwards, Rev. Joseph, second Master of King's College, London, has pub. a number of useful educational and theolog. works. Some of the former were written in conjunction with W. Cross of Queen's Coll., Cambridge. Edwards, Mrs. M. C. Grammar, 1796, Svo. Edwards, Morgan, 1722-1795, a Baptist minister, a native of Wales, came to America in 1761. and became pas- tor of a church in Philadelphia. He pub. several serms. and theolog. treatises, iind Materials towards a History of Baptists of' Penn. and N. Jersey, 1792, 2 vols. 12mo. Edwards, P. H. The Imperial Conspirator Over- thrown : a serio-burlesque performance, ISOS, Svo. Edwards, Peter. Candid Reasons for renouncing the principles of Antiptedobaptism, Lon., 1793, Svo; 4th ed., Edin., 1841, 12mo; Phila., 1S41. "Confining his attention in this essay to a few principal topics, he has produced an argument of unusual power and conclusive- ness. It cannot be overcome, and all attempts hitherto employed to set it aside have been feeble." Baptism ; being an address to Baptists and Ptedobaptists, ]805, 12mo. Edwards, Richard, 1523-1566? an early dramatic writer, educated at Corpus Christi Coll., and Christ Church, Oxf., is best known as the designer and principiil contri- butor to The Paradyse of Dayuty Deuises, and as the author of Damon and Pythias, certainly one of the first English dramas upon a classical subject. This tragedy — pub. Lon., 1570, '71, '82, 4to — was acted before Queen p]lizabeth in 1566. Her majesty also witnessed the performance of Edwards's Comedy of Palaemon and Arcyte in Christ Ch. Hall, 1566. Wood gives an amusing acount of the per- formance, and tells us that the cry of the honnds in the hunting of Theseus was so well imitated, that some of the young scholars " Were so much taken and surpriz'd (supposinjr it had been real) that they cried out. There, there — he's caught, he's caught. All which the queen merrily beholding, said, excellent! those boys in very truth are ready to leap out of the windows to follow the hounds." See Athen. Oxon.. Bliss's ed.. i. 35."?. Besides the edits, we have noticed of The excellent [Tragical] Comedie of two of the mostefaithfullcbtFreendos Damon and Pithias, there is another, sine anno. The ma- drigals and other poetical pieces of Edwards were very popular. His ** May" and "I may not," the lines on the maxim of Terence, Amntttium irrc omorh redintajratio est, and the stanzas "In Commendation of Musick," (see the first stanza in Romeo and Juliet,) are compositions of rare excellence. We would fain linger on this theme, but our limits forbid. Respecting this once-pupular poet, and the Paradyse df Daynty Denises, (first pub. in 1576. and re- puh. in The British Bibliographer.) the reader will find copious notices in Putteuhani's Arteof Eng. Poet.; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Wood's Annals: Sir E. Brydges's edit, of Phillips's Theatrum Poetaruui ; Brit. Bibliog., vol. iii. ; Hawkins's Hist, of Music: Ellis's Specimens Eng. Poet. ; Wartou's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Biog. Dramat. ; Collier's Hist, of Dram. Poet.,- and Drake's .Shaksp. and his Times. "If T should be tbonpht to have been disprnpnrtionately prolix in speakiiit^ of Edwaids, 1 would be understui..! 1., b.ive partly in- tended a tribute of respect to the memory i-f a pm-t who is ooe of the earlie.st of our dramatic writers after the reformation of the British stajje. . . . Edwards, besides that he was a writer of regular dramas, appears to have been a contriver of masques, and a com- poser of poetry for pajreants. In a word, he united all those arts and accomplishments which minister to popular pleasantry: he was the first fiddler, the most feshionable sonneteer, the readiest rhymer, and the most facetious mimic of the court.'" — WartoiVs Hist, of Kiig. Poetry. Edwards, Richard. River Neen, Ac, Lon. ,1749, Svo. Edwards, Richard. Letter to J. Hanbury, Esq., Lon.. 1772, 4to. Letter to Bp. S. Barrington, 177;:t. 4to. Edwards, Richard. 3 books on Eng. Prosody, Ac., 1S13. Edwards, Roger. Psalmes and Prayers, Lon,, 1570, 16mo. Edwards, Sampson, Lett, to Woodward, Lon., Svo. Edwards, Sydeiiham. Cynographia Britannica, Lou., 1800, 4to. 61 Plates, representing about 160 Rare Plants, Lon., 1S09, 4to. Botanical Register, 14 vols. r. Svo, £2 9«. each. New series, edited by Dr. Lindley, with 750 cord plates, 1838-47, 10 vols. r. Svo, £22. 1st Series was pub. in 13 vols. r. Svo; each £2 10s.: 2d Series, 10 vols. r. Svo; each £2 10«. : 3d Series, 10 vols. r. Svo; each £2 As, Edwards, T. W. C. Educational works, 1818, Svo. Edwards, Tenison. Orders H. Ct. of Chancery, 1815-45, Lon., 1845. ISmo ; Addenda, 1846^8, 1848, 12mo. Edwards, Thomas, d. 1647, educated at Trinity- Coll.. Camb., became a clergyman of the Church of Eng- land, which he renounced for Presbyterianisra. He was a bitter opponent of the Independents, and pub. against them, in addition to other pieces, Gangrtena; or a Disco- very of many of the Errors, Heresies, Blasphemies, and pernicious practices of the Sectaries of the time, vented and acted in England in these four last years, 3 parts, Lon., 1646, 4to. " Edwards's Gangrrena gives a horrible picture of the state of the sects in th.it time. He was a liirid Presbyterian, and very bitter agaiust those who differed from that system. His statements can- not therefore be trusted." — Bickersteth^s C. S. This attack was too much for the patience of the Inde- pendents. They drove their opponent from England, and he died in Holland. This he could not complain of, as he was himself a violent enemy to toleration, and wrote a work entitled The Casting Down of the last and strongest hold of Satan ; or. A Treatise against Toleration, 1647, 4to. See an account of Edwards and his writings in Wood's Fasti. Edwards, Thomas. Scrm., 1660, Svo. EdAvards, Thomas. Review of Crispinianism Un- masked, Lon., 1693, 4to. Gospel Truth, *fcc., 1693, 4to. Baxterianism Barefaced. 1699, 4to. Edwards, Thomas. Praying in the Spirit; against Extemp. Prayei-, Lou., 1703, Svo. Diocesan Episcopacy proved from Holy Scripture. 1705, Svo. Edwards, Thomas, 1699?-1757, a critic of consi- derable ability, was a member of Lincoln's Inn, and called to the bar, but never practised. He was devoted to the study of Shakspearc, and was so indignant at the pompous ignorance and arrogance displayed by Warburton in his edition of the immortal bard, that he indited an epistle to him, entitled A Letter to the author of a late Epistolary Dedicatiou, addressed to Mr. Warburton. This was fol- lowed in 1747 by a Supplement to Mr. Warburton's edition of Shakspeare. It pleased the public ; and in 1 748 a 3d edit. was pub. under the title of The Canons of Criticism, and a Glossary, being a Supplement to Mr. Warburton's edition of Shakspeare; collected from the notes in that celeltrated work, and proper to be bound up with it. Again pub., 1750, Svo. Best (7th) edit, 1765, Svo, which contains the Trial of the Letter Y alias Y in order to settle the ortho- graphy of our Language, and Sonnets. Also, Remarks on Shakspeare by Mr. Roderick. The Canons of Criticism was a fair hit at Warburton ; for he remarked in his preface, that he had once designed giving the reader a body of canons for literary critici.sm, and a glossary, but that he had not carried out this idea, as these uses might be well supplied by what he had occa- sionally remarked in his notes on Shakspeare. Edwards thought this too good a chance to be lost. He therefore drew up a set of the most absurd px'etended ca- nons from Warburton's notes, and gave instances in sup- I port of tliem from the same authority. This enraged the ' amiable prelate not a little, and in his notes to the Dunciad ' he takes advantage of Pope's two lines — " Ilrr children first of more distiDguished sort, I Villi) study Shakspeare at the icns of court" — I to add a comment most abusive of the satirist. But Ed- ! wards had altogether the best of the battle. Warton ap- 547 EBW EGE proved of his canons highly, and thoy were applauded by Dr. Johnson, but the latter, who was a great admirer of Warburton, took care to add — '■ 8ir, a tly may sting and tease a horse, and yet the horse is the nobltT animal." In 1761 was pub. a tract of our author's, entitled Free and Candid Thoughts on the Doctrine of Predestination. It contains nothing new. See Biog. BriL; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Richardson's Corresp. Edwards, Thomas, 1729-1785, entered at, (1747,) and Fellow of. Cliire Hall, Camb. ; Rector of John the Baptist, Coventry, 175S ; Vicar of Nuneaton, Warwickshire, 1771). He was a strenuous Arminian. New English trans. ■ of the Psalms, from the original Hebrew, reduced to metre by the late Bishop Hare, with Notes and Illustrations, Lon., 1755, 8vo. Prolegomena in Libros Veteris Testament! Poeticos, &c., Cantub., 1762, 8vo. "These works contain a dcfenoe and illustration of Bishop Hare's principles of Hebrew metre, which have had few advocates since the ; publication of Lowth's Lectures on th'.' Hebrew Poetry, and his Isaiah. The translation of the Psalms affords occasional assistance for understanding them, and contains various emendations of the Hebrew text, suggested by the metre. The Latin Prolegomena, which defend Hare and attack Lowth, are sometimes ingenious, but seldom satisfactory. Br. Kdwards was evidently a man of learning and talents.'— Orme's Bibl. Bib. The Doctrine of Irresistible Grace proved to have no foundation in the writings of the New Testament. 1759, Svo. "I mention this work, not on account of its theology, which is incorrect, hut of its criticism, which is sometimes valuable; as it goes over a great number of passages in the New Testament criti- cally, and places some of them in new aud advantageous lights." — Orme, ubi supra. " A very accurate and learned performance, which does great honour to my ingenious friend, the worthy author." — Dr. Harwoud. Dr. Edwards pub. several other learned works. Edwards, Thomas, LL.D. The Jewish and Heathen Rejection of the Christian Miracles, 1790, 4to. Other works, Edwards, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1792. Edwards, Thomas. Reports H. Ct. of Admiralty on Vessels sailing under British Licenses, Lon., 1812, Svo. Reports H. Ct. of Admiralty, 1808-1812, Lon., 1812, Svo. N. York. 1813, '51, Svo. Edwards, Timothy, d. 1758, aged 88, father of the first President Edwards, was a son of Richard Edwards, a native of Hartford, Connecticut. Timothy graduated at Harvard Coll. in 1691. was ordained in 1694^, and was the first minister of East Windsor, Conn. He pub. an Election Sermon in 1732. It appears, from R. Wolcott's dedication of his poems to him in 1723, that Mr. Edwards had some pretensions as a poet. Edwards, Timothy. A Paraphrase, with Critical Annotations, on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Romans and Galatians, Lon., 1752. *' A judicious compilation from the best previous commentaries on the two epistles." — Loiondes's Brit. Lib. Edwards, Tryon,D.D., h. in Hartford, Connecticut, 1809, great-grandson of the tirstand grandson of the second President Edwards, graduated at Yale Coll., and studied theology at Princeton. New Jersey. Author of Child's Commandment aud Promise; Self-Cultivation: four tracts pub. by the Amer. Tract Soc.; several serms. in the Na- tional Preacher; aud a number of occasional serms. or dis- courses. Memoir of Dr. Bellamy, pub. with his Complete Works. Memoir of President Edwards the Younger, pub. with his Complete ^Vorks. Christiiinity a Philosophy of Principles, &c. Address at Williams College. Editor of Works of the younger President Edwards ; Charity and its Fruits, from the MSS. of the elder President Edwards; the Family Christian Almanac, (for several years.) Dr. Edwards also designed and edited Select Poetry for Children and Youth; Jewels for the Household; Anecdotes for the Family: The Commandment Illustrated; The World's Laconics, (under the assumed name of Everard Berkeley.) Contributor to The Christian Spectator; New Englander; Biblical Repository ; Biblical Repertory ; and other period- icals. We have already announced the fact that Mr. Ed- wards is now (1858) engaged in preparing a now edition of the works of his distinguished ancestor, the elder Pre- sident Edwards. See Edwards, Jonatu.^n. Edwards, Capt. Wm. Ordinance of the Lords and Commons, &c., ]fJ44, 4to. EdAvards, Wm, H. A Voyage up the Amazon, Lon., 1848, p. Svo. '* Valuable for the information it gives on this very little known part of the world." — Lon. Ecmiomist. "This book is full of novelty." — Ltm. Athcnamm. Edwiu, Archbishop of Vork. 22 Serms., Lon., 1685, 4to. Serms., ltJ16, 4to. Edwin, John, 1749-1794, a celebrated English come- dian. Eccentricities arranged and digested by Anthony Pasquin, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. Edy, J., M.D. Ruptures, &c., Lon., 1801, Svo. Edy, John Wm. Scenes in Norway, Lon., 1812, fol. Edye, John. Lett, to Wilberforce on the Importation of Foreign Corn, 1815, Svo. Edzard, J. E. Serm., Lon., 1696. 4to. Eedes, John. Justification by Faith, Lon., 1654. 4to. Eedes, Richard, D.D. 6 Serms., Lon., 1G04, Svo. Eedes, Richard. Serm., Lou., 1660, 4to. Eelbeck, Henry, Epinicion AngUcauum, Ac, Svo. Eeles, Henry. Philos. Essays, or Thunder, Vapour, &c., Lon.. 1772. Svo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1751. Efl", Wm. Praise of the Gout, 1617, 4to. Egau, Anthony. Book of Rates now used in the Sin Custom-house of the Church and Court of Rome. Lon., 1674, 4to; 1678. 4to. Other publications. See Wood's Fasti for account of this Franciscan. Egan, Charles. Assessed Taxes, Lon., 1840, 12mo. Law rel. to Building Societies, 1S47, Svo. Observ. on the New French Law of Patents. 4to. Egan, Robert. E.xrhanger, Dubl., 1781, 4to. Egan, Thomas, M.D. Profes. con. to Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 1806. Egbert, Ecbert, or Ecgbert, Archbishop of York, b. about 67S, d. 766, was the brother of Eadbert, King of Northumberland. In 732 he succeeded the younger Wilfrid in the See of York. 1. Dialogus de Ecelcsiastica Institutione, Dubl.. 1664. 4to ; Paris. 1666, Svo. By War- ton in 1693: et v. Bibl. Parr. Gallandii, xiii. 266. 2. Con- stitutiones Ecclesiasticje. Egbert composed the Confes- sionale and Pcenitentiale, which were afterwards the stand- ard authorities of the Anglo-Saxon Church ; and some other works are ascribed to him. See Wright's Biog. Brit., and the authorities there quoted. Egelshem, Wells. Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1781, 12mo. Egerton. Theatrical Remembrancer, Lon., 1788, 12mo. ; A continuation, said to be incorrect, was pub. by Barker ' in ISOl. Egerton, Charles. Hist, of Eng. in Verse, Lon., 1780. I Egerton, D. T. Views in Mexico, 12 pictures, Lon., j 18.S9, '40, atlas fol. A beautiful set of plates. I Egerton, Lady Frances, Countess of Ellesmere, accompanied her husband in the journey which he has so graphically described in his Mediterranean Sketches. Her ; ladyship also pub. a record of her impressions under the title of Journal of a Tour in the Holy Land, Svo. I " The genuine pihjrim's heart we find in Lady V. Ejrerton's un- pretendini; journal more than in any other modern expedition to I the Holy Land we know."' See an article entitled Lady Travellers, by MisB Rigby, in the Lon. Quar. Review, Ixxvi. QS-lliT. Egerton,Francis,Earl of Ellesmere, K.G.. 1800- 1857, second snn of the Duke of Sutherland, added thelustre of letters to the heraldic honours of his house. His trans, of Goethe's Faust, of Schiller's and Korner's Poems, his researches in Northern Archajology, and Sketches of East- ern Travel, are too well known and appreciated to require an extended notice in this place. 1. Camp of Wallenstein and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. 2. Catherine of Cleves, and Heruaui; Tragedies, Svo. 3. Trans, from the German, Svo. 4. Boyle Farm, 12mo. 5. Mediterranean Sketches, 1843, p. Svo. 6. The two Sieges of Vienna by the Turks, 1847, p. Svo. " Of the manner in which the Earl of Ellesmere has discharged the various duties of translator, editor, aud author, we can speak iu terms of high praise. . . . The work is a valuable contribution to tho history of an important period." — L(m. Afhen. 7. Guide to Northern Archaeology, 1848, Svo. 8. The Military Events in Italy. 1848, '49; trans, from the Ger- man, p. Svo. 1850. Commended by Lon. M. Chronicle. 9. Life and Character of the Duke of Wellington. 1S52, 12mo. 10. Hist, of tho Two Tartar Conquerors of China j from tho French ; with an Introduc. by R. H. Major, Hak. Soc, 1854. Svo. 11. The Pilgrimage, and other Poems, 1856. 4to. See Two Funeral Serms. at the Funeral of the Earl of Ellesmere. by Rev. S. Y. Eeechey, 1857. Svo. Egerton, Francis Henry. See Bridgrwater, Earl of. E§;erton, Henry, a descendant of Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Bishop of Hereford. Serm., 1727, 4to,- 1729, 4to; 1701. 4to; 170:^, 4to. Egerton, John, son of the preceding, educated at Oriel Coll., Oxf., collated to the living of Ross, Hertford- shire, 1743; Bishop of Bangor, 1756; of Lichfield aud Covcntrv. 176S; of Durh.am, 1771. Serm., Lon., 1757, 4to; 1761, 4iu; 170;i. 4to; 1763. 4to. Egerton, Stephen. Lecture, Lon., 1589, Svo. Cate- chizing, 15'J4, lOoU, Svo. Subjection to God and the King, 1616, Svo. EGE Egerton, Stephen. Boring of the Enre. Lon., 1623, 12mo. Egerton, Thomns, Baron of Ellesmere, Viscount Brackley, b. nbout lolO. d. 1617, educated at Brapenose ^CoU.. Oxf., was constituted Lord High Chancellor by James 1. in 1603. Speech in the Exchequer Chamber, Lon., 1609, 4to. Obscrv. on Lord Coke's Reports, fol. A Treatise on Chancery, (1641. 4to,) and one on The Chancellorship, (1651, Svo,) are ascribed to him, but, it is thnught, erro- neously. He left many MSS. on legal ami political sub- ject. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. We have already noticed a biography of this eminent statesman, pub. by the Duke of Bridgbwater, q. v. '' But surely all Christendom atTorded not a person which carried more gravity in his countenance and behaviour than Sir Thomas KgertOD, insomuch that many have gone to the Chancery on pur- pose only to see his venerable garb, (happy they who had no other business!) and were highly pleased at so acceptable a spectacle. Yet was his outward case nothing in comparison of his inward abilities, quick wit, solid judgment, ready utterance."— iWZtr's Worthies of Cheshire. Egerton, VVm. Life of Mrs. A. Oldfield, Lon., 1731, Svo. Eglesfield, Fr. Monarchy revived in the most illus- trious Chas. the Second, Lon., 1661, 1822, Svo, 14 portraits. Eglesfield, James. Serra., Lon., 1640. Eg:leton, John. H. of Commons, Lon., 1714, Svo. £glishani, Eglisemmius, or, as abbreviated, Egli- sem, George, M.D., a Scotchman, " Doctor of Physick, and one of the physicians to King James [II.] of happy memory, for his Majestie's person, above ten years' space," has already claimed our notice in the article on George Buchanan. Hypocrisis Apologeticie Orationis Vorstiance, Delph., 1612, 4to. Duellum Poeticum, Ac, Georg. Bu- chanano, Lon., 1618. '19, Svo. Prodromus Vindictae in Duccm Buckinghamia?, 1626, 4to. The Forerunner of Revenge, 1642. 4to. Declaration concerning poisoning K. James of happy memory, 1648, 4to. Egmont, Earls of. See Perceval. Egremont, John. The Mildew, Lon., 1806, Svo. Egreinont, John. Law of Highways, Ac, Lon., 1830, 2 vols. 12rao. Egwiu, a native of the districtof the Ilwiceas, d. about 718, was made Bishop of Worcester on the death of Oftfor, about 692. Bale attributes to him three works: a History of the Foundation of Evesham, a Book of Visions, and a Life of Aldhelm. " The lattt-r, if it ever existed, is now lost. The other two are without doubt the same as those from which his biographer [sup- posed to be Berctwald, Archbishop of Canterbury] has given such copious extracts; but itisdifticuU to say whether they still existed at the time of Bale, and it is equally uncertain whether they were separate books, or only parts of one work. . . . Egwin of Worcester is remarkable as the first Englishman who wrote any thing like an autobiography; but this was only an account of his pretended ■visions." — Wrir/ht's Biog. Brit. Lit.., q. v. Ehret, G. D. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1763- 67. Hist., ttc. of R. Warner's Jessamine, fol. Eichelberger, Rev, S., Lutheran preacher, Winches- ter, edited 2 vols. Sermons on National Blessings and Obli- gations, 1S30. Eichorn, Charles. A Practical German Grammar, N. York, 1849, 12mo. '* The arranirement is excellent. The illustrations are sufficiently full and the rules comprehensive. It is the best practical grammar of the German language." Eisdell, J. S. Industry of Nations. Vol. i., Produc- tion. Vol. ii., Distribution, &c., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. Svo. "The fruits of great diligence, extensive study, well-digested arguments, and vai ions practical conclusions, not the less valuable in being as free from pedantry as they are from all bitterness, either of spirit or partisanship.'" — Erkrtic Revinxv. Causes and Remedies of Poverty, 1852, p. Svo. Ekins, Charles, Rear-Admiral. Naval Battles, 1744r- 1814. Reviewed and Illustrated, 1S24. 4to. Ekins, Jeffrey, d. 1791, Dean of Carlisle. The Loves of Jledea and Jason, from ApoUonius Rhodius, Lon., 1771. 4to. Eland, Wm, Tutor to Astrology, Ac, Lon., 1694, 12mo. Tutor to Astr-.logy, by G. Parker, 1704, I2mo. Elborous^h, Robert. Fast Serm., 1660, 4to. Elborough, Thomas. Discourses, 1663, Svo; 1673, 12 mo. Elborow, John, Serm., Lon., 1637, 4to. Elbridpe, T. K. Dearness of Corn. tfec, Lon., 1772. 4to. Elehies, Lord. Decisions Ct. of Session, 1732-1754; edited fmm the ori^'. MSS. by W. M. Morison, Edin., 1813, 2 vols. 4to. Annotations on Lord Stair's Institutions of the Law of Scotland, 1824, 4to. Elcockj Ephraim* On a Plea for Nonscribers, 1651, 4to. ELI Elder. Dumourier on Bonaparte, Lon., 1807. Elder, John. Letter relative to Philip and Mary, (1555.) 16m(». Elder, William, M.D., b. 1809, at Somerset, Penna., a resident of Philadelphia. 1. Periscopics : a Volume of Miscellanies, N. York. 1854, 12mo; new ed.. with Addi- tions, eath ; a collec. of Fables and Allegorical Tales in Prose and Verse, 1S13, Svo. Elliot, Adam. Vindic. of T. Gates, Lon., 1682, fol. Elliot, Adam. Travels, Ac. in Fez. Elliot, Charles, D.D., b. 1792, in the county of Do- negal, Ireland. Indian Missionary Reminiscences, N. York, ISmo. Delineation of Roman Catholicism, N. York, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., Lon., 1851, imp. Svo. This distinguished Me- thodist diviue has also pub. an Essay ou Baptism, (1834,) a life of Rev. Mr. Roberts, and a work on Slavery. Elliot, Charles H. The Republican, in a Series of Strictures on T. Paine's Rights of Man, Lon., 1791, Svo. Elliot, E. Paraphrase of Job, 1792. 12mo. Elliot, George, Life of the Duke of Wellington, Lon., 1815, Svo. A Narrative of his Life, Svo. Elliot, Sir Gilbert, d. 1777, distinguished as a par- liamentary speaker, and father of the first Earl of Minto, wrote "the beautiful pastoral song" (Sir Walter Scott) be- ginning with the lines — " My sheep I neglected. I broke my sheep-book. And all the gay haunts of my youth I foisook." Elliot, Gilbert, D.D., Dean of Bristol. Serms., Lon., 1850. Svo. Speech. Bristol. 1850, 12mo. Letter. 1851, 12mo. Elliot, James, is well known as the author of several valuable works on Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, Algebra, Ac, Lon., 1845-51. '■These books [on Geometry and Mensuration] are the work of a man who is both an able practical Mathematician, and an expe- rienced TeiichHr." — L&n. Spectatoi; Elliot, Miss Jane, sister to Sir Gilbert Elliot, of Minto, gained considerable reputation by her song entitled "Flowers of the Forest" — a dirge for the slain at Flodden Field. It has been placed in competition with Mrs. Cathe- rine Cockburn's song of the same title. Elliot, Sir John. Speech, Lon., 1641, 4to. Argts. upon the Writ of Habeas Corpus contg. Loans in the K. B. Elliot, or Elliott, John, M.D., d. 1786. Works on medicine, physiology, and nat. philos., Lon., 1780-87. Elliot, li,, d. 1788, formerly of Bene't Coll., Camb., was a native of Kingsbridge, Devon. Serms. and thcolog. treatises, 1788-1813. Elliot, Robert. Spec, of Burnet's Hist., 1715, Svo. Elliot, Robert, Capt. R.N. Views in the East; from Sketches by Capt. E., imp. Svo, r. 4to, and imp. 4to. Elliot, Samuel H., b. 1809, at Brattleborough, Ver- mont. 1. Rolling Bridge, Bost., 1838, 16mo. 2. Sequel to No. 1, 1844, 16mo. 3. Emily Maria, N. York, 1844, 16mo. 4. The Parish Side, 1854, 12ino. 5. Dreams and Realities, 1856, 12mo. 6. New England's Chattels, 1858, 12mo. Also papers in periodicals. Elliot, Thos, Chemistry and Nat. Hist., 1784. 2 vols. Elliotson, John, M.D., b. London, towards the close of the 18th century ; Pres. Rny. Mod. and Chir. Soc, Lon. ; Prof. Principles and Practice uf Medirine, &c. Univ. Coll., Lou.; Lecturer on the Practice of Medicine, St. Thomas's Hospital, Lon. 1. Cases of the Hydrocyanic or Prussia Acid, Lon., 1820, Svo. 2. Lectures on Diseases of the Heart, 1830, fol. 3. Principles and Practice of Medicine, 1839, Svo; 2d ed., by Drs. N. Rogers and A. Cooper Lee, 1842. Svo, pp. 1232. Amer. ed., with Notes and Additions by T. Stewardson, Phila., 1S44, Svo. This valuable work has been trans, into the German and other languages. 4. Human Physiology, 1840, '56, Svo. 5. Surgical Operations in the Mesmeric State without Pain, 1S43, Svo, Elliott, C. B. 1. Letters from the North of Europe, Lon., Svo. Commended by Lun. Lit. Gaz. 2. Travels in Austria, Rusi^ia, and Turkey, 1838, 2 vols. Elliott, Charles B., Rector of Tattingstone. The Vicissitudes of I-ife; a Serm., Godalming, 1838, Svo. ♦ Elliott, Ebenezer, 1781-1849, known by the title of **The Corn-Law Rhymer," was a native of Masborough, near Rotherham. Yorkshire. His father was a clerk in the Iron-works, at a salary of £70 per annum, with which a family of eight children were to be supported. Obliged to commence hard labour at an early age in the foundry, there seemed to be little prospect of that literary reputation which the industrious operative was destined to achieve. A taste for reading, however, triumphed over all obstacles, and a warm admiration of poetry, especially the rural pictures of Thomson, soon resulted in an attempt at imitation, which was sufficiently successful to excite the astonishment of several literary gentlemen, who determined that such powers should not be allowed to lie dormant. His first publication was the Vernal Walk, written in his 17th year. He nest gave to the world "Night," a portion of which is repub. in his works under the title of the Legend of Wliarn- cliffe. This was severely handled by the Monthly Review and the Monthly Magazine ; but Elliott was not easily dis- couraged, and again ventured before the public in a volume of Poems, which was also unsuccessful. But Southey con- soled the author; "There is power in the least of these tales, but the higher you pitch your tone the better you succeed. Thirty years ago they would have made your ri-putatian ; thirty years Jie7iR0F. Wilson : Kecreations of Ciu~isti'phcr Ni>rtk—aii Hour's Talk about Poeinj. " Ilis sky never shows the calm, clear, unclouded summer blue; some speck on the horizon, although no bigger than a man's hand, ever predicates storm ; and It is impossible to mistake Elliott's moor- lands for the Klysian fields. As a depicter of the phases of hu- manity, his portraits are almost all of one class; and with that class are identified his entire sympathies, llenco it is that he seems deficient in that genial spirit which characterizes more ca- tholic natures: in those expansive feelings which embrace society in all its aspects; in those touches which 'make all flesh kin.'" — Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half Century. "The inspiration of his verse is a fiery hatred of injustice. "With- out possessing much creative power, he almost places himself be- %teide men of genius by the singular intensity and might of his sensibility. He understands very well the art of condeosing pas- sion. ' Spread out the thunder.' says Schiller. ' into its single tones, and it becomes a lullaby for children; pour it forth together, in one quick peal, and the royal sound shall move the heaveus.' The great ambition of Elliott is to thunder. He is a brawny man, of nature's own make, with more than the usual portion of the an- cient Adam stirring within him; and he says, '1 do well to be an- gry.' The mere sight of tyranny, bigotry, meanness, prompts his smiting invective. His poetry could hardly have been Avritteu by a man who was not physically strong. You can hear the ring of his anvil, and see the sparks tly off from his furnace, as you read his verse." — Einvix 1'. Whipple: Essays and Iievi<^ios — Eng. Poets of the Kind'cnlli (••ntary. "I am ijuite willing to hazard any critical credit, by avowing my persuasion, that in originality, power, and even beauty, when he chose to be beautiful, he might have measured heads beside Byron in tremendous energy, Crabbe in graphic description, and Coleridge in effusions of domestic tenderness; while in intense sympathy with the poor, in whatever he deemed their wi-ongs or their sufferings, he e.tcelled them all — and pei'haps everybody else among contemporaries, in prose or verse. He was, in a transcend- ental sense, the port of the pfjor, whom, if not always wisfly, I at least dare not say. he loved too xodl. His personal character, his fortunes, and his genius, would require, and they deserve, a full in- vestigation, as furnishing an extraordinary study of human na- ture." — .Tamrs ■\IONT(iOMERT; rffereMC-c tr> Mnnriir ahore. See also Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Uist. of the Lit. of the last Fifty Years. Klliott, Edward B,, Preb. of Ileyteshury. 1. Horjje Apocalypticae, 4th ed., Lon., 1851, 4 vols. Svo. •'An exceedingly valuable work.'' — Bickersteth''s C. S. 2. Reply to T. K. Arnold. 1845, Svo. 3. Reply to Dr. Candlish, 1847, Svo. 4. Vindicia3 Horariae. Letters to Dr. Keith, 1848. Svo. Elliott, Frank R., h. 1817, at Guilford, Connecticut. American Fruit-Grower's Guide, N. York, 1854, 12mo. Contributions to various agricult. and horticult. journals of the U. States. Elliott, George Percy. Qualifications, &c. of Par- liamentary Electors in Eng. and Wales, 2ded., Lon., 1843, 12m 0. Elliott, H. M. Bibliographical Index to Mohammedan History, vol. i., Lon., 1819, Svo. Elliott, Henry Venn. Serm. on the death of the Rev. Henry Murtlock. with a brief Memoir. Lon. ,lS37,12mo. Elliotts Jonathan. The American Diplomatic Code, ■with Treaties, Ac, 1778-1834, Wash., ISIM, 2 vols. Svo. *'lt appears to me to be a very valuable work for all persons who desire to have a knowledge of our Diplomatic History, of our Trea- ties, and of the general principles of Public Law applicable to our iForeign Relations. It seems to me. also, almost indisp4^nsable for the library of a statesman, and the researches of a j urist." — Joseph Stoey, Washinfjton, lib. 15, 1834. Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adop- tion of the Federal Constitution ; 2d ed., 1836, 4 vols. Svo. Supplement, (vol, v.,) 1843, Svo ; new ed., revised, Phila., 1858. 5 vols. Svo. Elliott, Mary. Tales for Boys. 183*). ISmo; for Girls, 1845. ISmo: of Trutli, 1840. 12mo; for the Young, 1852, ISmo; for Young People, new edit., 1852, ISmo. Other works for the young. 552 Elliott, Stephen, LL.D., 1771-1830, Professor of Botany iu the Medical College of S.C, was a native of Beaufort, S.C. He was one of the principal conductors of the Soutiiern Review, and an accomplished scholar. Sketch of the Botany of S. Carolina and Georgia, Charleston, S.C, 1821.2 vols.'Svo. Elliott, Stephen, Jr., D.D., b. 1806, at Beaufort, S.C. formerly Pruf. of Sacred Literature in the S.C. College, was ordained deacon in 1835 and priest iu '36; consecrated Bislmp of Geor-jia iu 1841. Sermons, ,pondence. Elphinston, Lord Balmerino. His Speech in Ct. of Piirl., Swtland, rel. to army .ag. Irish Papists, 1641. Elphinston,James,1721-1809,anativeof Edinburgh, was for many years the bead of a celebrated school at Ken- sington, near London. Dr. Johnson esteemed him highly, and during his residence at Edinburgh he superintended an edit, of "The Rambler, pub. in 8 v(ds. 12mo. 1. A Poet. Version of Racine's Redemption, 1753. 2. Fr. and Eng. Languages, 1756, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Education ; a Poem, 1763. Svo. 4. Apology for the Monthly Review, 1763, Svo. 5. Collec. of Poems for Youth, Ac, 1761, Svo. 6. Eng. Langu:ige. 1705, 2 vols. 12mo. Abridged, 1765, Svo. 7. Verses, 1768. fol. 8. Poetffi .Sententiosi, Latini, Ac, 1794, 12mo. Elphinston was a zealous advocate of a change in orthography, which he contended should be guided by the pronunciation, Ac. He had already given some speci- mens of his "improvements," but in a (9) trans, of Mar- tial, 1782, 4to, he carried the system out to a greater extent : " Elphinston's Martial isjustcometohand. Itistrulyan unique. The specimens formerly publi-sbed did very well to laugh at; but a whole quarto of nonsense and gibberish is too much. It is strange that a man not wholly illiterate should have lived so long in England, without learning the language."— I>r. Beatlie to Sir Wi}i. Fi/rbes. Nothing dismayed by public ingratitude, in 1786, 2 vols. Svo, Elphinston gave to the world an explanation of his system, under the title of (10) Propriety ascertained in her Picture This he followed by (11) English Orthography Epitomized, (12) Proprietie's Pocket Dictionary, and (13) Fifty Y'ears' Correspondence, Inglish, French, and Lattin, in Prozo and Verse, between Geniusses ov boath Se.xes, and James Elphinston. 1794, 8 vols. 12mo. An interest- ing memoir of this worthy man will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, from the pen of one already honour- ably noticed in these pages. Mr. Nichols tells us — " My .account of this singular but truly worthy man shall he abridged fiom a memoir of him. which was presented to me in isot) by 11. C. Dallas, Esq., one of his grateful pupils."— iit. Ajiec, iii. M. " From Mr. Dallas's situation as a pupil of Mr. Elphinston s, he had the honour of being pi-esented to Dr. .Tortin. Dr. Franklin, of I'hiladelphia, and Dr. Johnson ; a triumvirate not easily matched. ' — Uld supra. See also Forhes's Life of Beattie, and Boswell's Life of Dr. Johnson. Elphinston, James. Animadversions upon Ele- ments of Criticism; with an App. on Scotticisms, Lou., 1771. 8vo. Elphinston, Wm., b. 1431 or 1437, d. 1514, Bishop of Ross, trans, to Aberdeen. 1484, wrote a book of canons, some lives of Scotch saints, and the history of Scotland from the rise of the nation to his own time. The last is now in the Fairfax JISS. in the Bodleian Library. Elphiustone,Hon.Mountstuart. 1. An Account of the Kingdom of Cabul, and its dependencies in Tartary, Persia, and India, Lon., 181.5, 4to; 2d ed., 1S39, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1842, 2 vols. Svo. " The interest and value of this work arises more from the sul)- ject of it. than from the manner in which ii is executed: respect- ing such countries, however, as Cabul, and others as little known and remote, we are glad of all accessions of information." — Steverv- son's Voyages and Travels. " There are not many regions of the Globe of which the history 655 ELR nnd "eography are less known than those of the country which is t lie subject of Mr. Klphinstone's important and distinguished worll." — Ediii. Revietv. ■' The Hon. Mr. Klphinstone's Cabul is a worl( which places its author in the first rank of historians and travellers in the East. . . Most earnestly do I recommend the hook of Mr. Klphinstone to every libi-ary of any pretension to a Collection of Voyages and Travels." — DiUlin's Library Compitnion. "This work, of much interest on many accounts, contains the description of a systematized patriarchal system, which, in history at least, is carried out by division and subdivision, from the king, throu"h a variety of larger and lesser divisions, tribes, and clans, to the last head of a single family, such as probably e.xists nowhere else."— iiVtcr's Essays on Property and Labour. 2. A History of India: the Hindoo and Mohammedan Periods, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; 2ded., 1S43; 3d ed., 1848, 8vo "Mr. Elphinstone's work will, we trust, be eminently usetui, and tend to dispel much of that confusion, prejudice, and apathy, which still linger in the minds even of many highly-educated per- sons on the subject of .\ncient India."— imi. Quar. hcvim. "A work of the greatest authority and learning; one of the latest and most valuable works on the Eastern Empire. — 37i« late Sir EM. Peel, in the House of Commons. EIrington, John Battersby. Confessions in Ely- sium- from the German of Wieland, 1803, 3 vcds. EIrington, Thomas, D.I)., d. 1835, a native of Ire- land obtained a scholarsTiip in the University of Dublin, 1778; elected Fellow, 17S1 ; first Donellan Lecturer, 1794; Profess, of Mathemat., 1795; Rector of Ardtree, Tyrone, 1806; Provost of Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1811; Bishop of Limerick, 1820; trans, to Loighlin nnd Ferns, 1822. Perms, at the Donellan Lecture, &a., Dubl., 179fi, 8vo. Ucflec. rel. to Dr. Milner, 1S09, 8vo. The Validity of English Ordination Established, 1809, 8vo. An edit, of Euclid, witb Notes, (new ed., 1847, fp. 8vo,) now tbo text- book in the Dublin University, and an edit, of Juvenal, with Notes, critical and explanatory. Elsam, Kichard. Rural Architecture, 1803, 4to. Desi"ns for Peasant's Cottages, ISlfi, r. 4to. Elsdale, Rev. Samuel. Death, ,Iudgnient, Heaven, and Hell, a Poem; with Hymns and other Poems, 1812, Bvo; 3ded., 1813. Else, Miss Anne. Lays of Carutb and other Poejns. Else, Joseph, Surgeon. Hydrocele, &c.. Lon., 1770, Svo. Con. toMed. Obs.andlnq.,1767. Works, with App. by O. Vaux, 1782, Svo. Else, R. Income Act explained, 1804. Elsley, Rev. J., Vicar of Burenston, near Bedale. Annotations on the Four Gospels, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., with Annotations on the Acts, 1812, 3 vols. Svo; 3d od 1821, 3 vols. Svo; 1824, 3 vols. Svo; 6th ed., 1827, 3vols''8vo; 7th ed., 1838, 2 vols. Svo; Sth ed., 1841, 2 vols. Svo; 1844; 9th ed., 1844, Svo. This excellent work was pull.' imonymously. It is commended by Bishops Lloyd, Van Mildert, Summer, and others. •• As a compilation, it is a very respectable work, and fitted to be useful to the junior students of the New Testament or those who cannot purchase many critical books."— Ornif s BM. JJib. *' Elsley is a convenient compendium fur students. — Hicker- ' '" Altogether we say without the smallest reserve, we never saw a book uTore admirably adapted for the use of students, more credit- able to an author's sa'iacitv. diligence, and erudition, or more likely to make the investigation of the xNew Testament easy and agreealjle."— /iri(i.i/i Critic. In 1816, 2 vols. Svo, the Rev. James Halle pub. Annota- tions on the Epistles, being a Continuation of Mr. Elsley's Annot. on the Gospel and Acts. Elsly, Wm., Prob. of York. Serm.. 1732. Elslyot, Thomas. The Lamb taking the Wolf, Lon., 1652, Svo. The True Mariner and his Pixis Naulica, 1662, Elsmerc, Sloane, D.D., Rector of Chelsea. Serms., Lon., 1767, 2 vols. Svo. Recommended by the Rev. Samuel Elson, Jane. Romance of the Castle, 1799, 2 vols. 12ino. The Village Romance; a Novel, 1802, 2 vols. "Elstob. Trip to Kilkenny. Lon., 1778, 12mo. Eistob, Elizabeth, sister of Win. Elstob. 1CS3-1756, was celebrated for her knowledge of the Saxon tongue. 1 An English Saxon Homily on St. George's Day, with a modern En^'lish version and Notes, and an Appendix. The same Homily in Latin by Wm. Elstob, Lon., 1709, Svo. Newed.,(partof thePrefaceomitted,)1839,8vo. 2. Trans, of Madame Scudcry's Essay on Glory. 3. The Rudiments of Grammar for tiie English Saxon Tongue, 1715, 4to. 4 Saxon Homilies, Oxf , fob Those were designed as a specimen of a Saxon Homilariuiu, willi an English trans., notes, Ac. Some testimonies of a number of learned men in favour of this project were pub. by Bowyer m 1713. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Biog. Brit,; and Harleian MSS. Mrs. Elstob was an excellent linguist. S56 ELT Elstob, Wm., 1673-1714, a native of Newcastle, edu- cated at Eton, and Catharine Hall, Camb., and subsequently at Queen's Cid!., Oxf.; Fellow of University Coll., 1696; Rector of St, Swithin.and St, Mary Bothaw, London, 1702. Mr Elstob, like his sister Elizabeth, was deeply versed in S't.-ion learning. 1. A trans, into Latin of the Saxon Homily of Lupus, with Notes by Dr. IHckcs, 1701. 2. Trans, into English of Sir John Cheke's Latin version of Plutarch, printed at the end of Strypo's Life of Chcke. 3. An edit, of Ascham's Latin Letters, Oxf., 1703. 4. An Essay on the great Affinity .and mutual Agreement between the two professions of Law and Divinity, with a Preface by Dr. Hickes, Lon., Svo. 6. Serm., 1704, 4to. 6. Serm., 1704, 4to. 7. Homily of St. Gregory's Day, 1709, Svo. Saxon Laws, with great additions, and a new Latin version by Somner, 4c., begun by Elstob, and completed by David Wilkins, D.D., 1721, fol. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes and Biog. Brit. Elstob, Wm., Rector of Sheldon. Serm., 1811, 4to. Elstobb, W. 1. Navigation between Clayhithe and Denver Sluice, Camb., 1779, 4to. 2. Hist, account of Bed- ford Level, Ac, Lynn, 1793, Svo. 3. On Rivers. Elston, J. Serm., 1681, 4to. Elstrack, R. 28 Portraits of the Kings and Queens of England. Reprinted in Martin's Chrou., 1631, fob, Ac. See Bromley's Engraved British Portraits, 1793, 4to. Elsnm, John. 1. Epigram upon the Paintin.gs of Eminent Masters by J. E., Lon., 1700, Svo. Erroneously attributed to John Evelyn. 2. Art of Painting after the Italian Manner, 1704, Svo. Elsynge, Henry, 1598-1654, Clerk of the House of Commons. 1. State of the Kingdom; probably not his. 2 Passing Bills in Parliament, 1656, Svo. 3. The ancient Manner and Method of holding Parliaments in England, Lon., 1660, '03, '79, Svo. Best ed., with addits. from the author's MS., 1767, 12mo. 4. Several Treatises of Parlia- ment, 1703, 12mo. " Mr Henry Elsynge, late clerk of the Parliament, was, in my judgment, the best I ever knew to take the sense of the House and put it in apt terms. He was an excellent scholar-had the Italian, French, and Latin languages-a very honest and ingonious man, and fitter for a much better employment than to be clerk ol Parliiiment. . . . He was in great and deserved favour of the House of Commons, and gave over bis place because he won d not meddle in the trial about the king. Ho often invited >Ir belden and me together to his house and to dinners, where we had great cheer and greater learning in excellent discourse, whereof himself bore a chief part. I was the more frequent with him, being godfather to one of his sons, and Mr. Selden the other god-father, which brought us two the oftener together to see our godson; and even in these I gained very much of knowledge from the most learned and rational discourses of Mr. Selden."— Whitelocki:; Journal of the Swedish Eiuhussy. 1772, 2 vols. 4to, vol. u, p. 4-.b. Elton, Rev. Sir Abraham. Letter to Thomas Bere, occasioned by his attack on Mrs. Hannah More, Lon., Eltoni Charles Abraham. 1. Poems, 1804, Svo. 2. Trans, into English Verse of the Remains of Hesiod, "Upon the whole, we are disposed to give Mr. Elton credit for con«iderable skill in versification. Indeed, though his translation is close, sometimes too close for perspicuity, it seems at least equal to the original. His blank verse, in which he excels more than m the couplet, is of a good structure; bearing a general, but not ser- vile resemblance to .Milton, with a little cast of some of the daring expietives of Cowper."— £J"i. Kei:. xv. 109-118. 3 Tales of Romance, with other Poems, Lon., 1810, Svo. 4 Specimens of the Classic Poets in Chronological Series from Homer to Trypliiodorus. Trans, into English verse, and illustrated with Biog. and Crit. Notices, 1814, 3 vols. Svo. This valuable work contains passages from 33 Greek and 27 Latin poets. A beautiful edit, was pub. in Phila- ilelpbiii by F. Bell, 1854, 3 vols. Svo. . ,,. ^ His success is very unequal : many specimens &Te,jn^blgti degree, brilliant and spirited, while others are cold stiff, and lag- Eing In general, we like him better in rhyme than in blank verse thou-h the arguments in behalf of the latter measure in his Preface may show that he is of a diHeTent "'Pmion. . ■ ■ Bpon the whole, these specimens do considerable credit tn Mr. Klton s fluency in speaking the language of poetry."— io«. Quar. Jtemew, Elton, Edward, Minister of St. Mary Magdalen's, Bermondsoy. 1. Exposition of the Epistle to the Colos- sians, in sundry Serms.. Lon.. 1615.4to ; 2d ed., 1620, 37,fol. •■ Both these Expositions [Byfleld's and Elton'sJ have much spiritual instruction."— BMcrslctt'.'i C. & 2. Expos, of the 7th Chap, of the Romans, in divers Serms., 1618, 4to. . , ,,; r i "An excellent Puritan Exposition."— B.c;.frsjc(7. s C. *. "Ellon on Colossians is a work rich m matter, dressed In the plain and somewhat anP^PUbirlanguageof its day ..^Ihe work on Koinans is nearly on the same plan andof Bimilar character. - Wdiiams's C. P. e£t' £ME 3. Expos, offiof theCnnimantlnicnts, 1619. Svn. l.Expo?. of, or Serms. ou, the 8th chap, of Romans, 1023, 4to. Othor works. Elton, Richard, Lt. Col. Completo Body of the Military Art and (iunnery. Lon., 1650, '58, fol. Elton, Romeo, D.D., a native of Connecticut, grad. at Brown Univer-sity, 1S12 ; Prof of Ancient Languages in same Institution from 1S25 to '43. and has since resided in England. Besides several published sermons, ho edited Callender's Century Sermon, with copious Notes and Bio- pcraphical Sketches ; The Works of President Maxcy, with Memoir. N.Y.. 1841, Svo ; Biographical Sketch of "Roger Williams, pub. in Lr>n. Eltringhain, Wni. 1. The Baptist against the B,aptist. I. on., 1756, Svo. 2. Remarks on The Baptists' Vindic. 1767, Svo. Elven, J. P. Heraldry, Lon., 1815. 12mo. Elviden, Edmnnd. The Closet of Counsells, con- teining the aduice of dyuers wyse Philosophers, Lon., 1569, Svo. Elwell, Wm. Odcll. New and Complete American Dictionary of Eng. and German, N. York, 12mo. Highly commended by competent authorities. Elwes, Robert, A Sketcher's Tour round the World, with 21 Illustrations, Lon., 1854, r. Svo. " Pieasanter reading, we repeat, need not be offered than our Sketcher brings." — Lle, or Key to the Holy Scriptures, Phila., 1826-28, 3 vols. 4to. " These volumes comprise the Old Testament. The correspond- ing texts are brought together in one view, and arranged in a familiar and easy manner." — Lowndes's Brit. Librarian. Memoirs of his Father, the Rev. Zel)ulon Ely. Mental Science. Visits of Mercy. Sermons on Faith. Ely, Henry, D.D. Fast Serm., Lon., 1S04. Ely, Humphrey. Certainebriofo Notes upon a briefe Apology set out under the name of the Priests united to the Arch. Priest, 1603, Svo. Written against Father Par- sons, or Persons, and often quoted l)y Wood. Ely, John, a Dissenting minister at Rochdale. Win- ter Lectures ; illus. of Divine Dispensation, Lon., 1833, Svo. " This volume is distinguished by a character of deep and patient research, and by an extraordinary force, both of sentiment and style." — Lim. Evangel. Mag. Other works. Sec his Posthumous Works, with a Me- moir, by Hamilton, 1S4S, Svo. Ely, Zebulon, minister of Lebanon, Conn., d. about 1824. Serm. at the Election, 1804; on tho death of Gov. Trumbull, 1809; before the County Foreign Mission So- ciety, 1815. His memoirs were pub. by his son, Ezra Styles Ely, q. r. Elyot, Sir Thomas, Knt, d. 1546, educated at St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, was employed by Henry VIII. on several embassies. He was noted for extensive and pro- found learning. The Governor, Lon., 1531, Svo. Manyeds. "Sir Thomas Klyot's OoTeruor was designed to instruct men. especially great men, in good morals, and to reprove their vices" — Strype. This book was a great favourite with Henry VIII. The Castell of Health, 1534, Svo. Many eds. Dictionarium, Latin and English, 153S, fol. A Defence or Apology for Good Women, 1545, Svo. Bibliotheca Eliota;, 1641, fol. Wo have .already spoken of this work, and various editions, in our article Cooper, Thomas, q. v. Bankctte of Sapience, 1542, Svo. Education of Children. De Rebus Memora- bilibus Angliie : " For the completing of which he had perused many old English monuments." Other works and trans, from the Latin and Greek. See Biog. Brit. ; Strype's Eccles. Memorials; Herbert's Ames; Bayle, in art. Encolpius; Athen. Oxon, ; Brit. Bibl. Elys, Edmund. Sec Ellis. Embury, Mrs. Emma C, a daughter of James R. Manley. M.D., of New York, was married in 1828 to Mr. Daniel Embury, now of Brooklyn. She has attained con- siderable distinction both in the walks of poetry and prose. *' Iantiie" was a favourite signature with magazine readers long before the real name of the author was made public. Many of these early compositions have since been gathered and given to the world in a collective form. Mrs. Embury's first volume was entitled (1) Guide and other Poems. Sho has since pub. 2. Constance Latimer, orthe Blind Girl, and other Tales. 3. Pictures of Early Life. 4. Glimpses of Home. 5. Nature's Gems, or American Wild Flowers ; a collection of Poems, 1846. 6. Love's Token-flowers; a collec. of Poems. 7. The Waldorf Family, or Grandfa- ther's Legends ; a fairy tale of Brittany, partly a trans, and partly original. '■ since her mariiage she has given to the public more prose than verse, but the former is charai-terized Ijy the same roman tic spirit which is tlie essential beauty of poetry. Many of her tales are founded upon a just observation of life, although not a few are equally remarkable for attractive invention. In point of style they often possess the merit of graceful and pointed diction, and the lessons they inculcate are invariably of a pure moral tendency." — OriswnhVs Female Pijcts of America. See Hart's Fem.ale Prose-Writers of America; Mrs. Halo's Woman's Record. Emerson, Frederick, 17S9-1S57, a successful teacher in Boston for many years, author of Emerson's well-known Arithmetics. Emerson, George Barrett, teacher and naturalist, was born in 1797, at Kennebunk, then Wells, in York co., Maine, graduated at Harvard Coll. in 1S17, A.A.S. For several years he was President of tho Boston Soc'y of Nat. History, and Chairman of tho Commissioners for the Zoo- logical and Botanical Survey of Massachusetts. Mr. Emer- son has been a teacher in colleges, academies, and schools for more than forty years, thirty-four of which were spent iu Boston. He wrote the second part of " The School and the Schoolmaster," of which Bp. Potter wrote the first part, 12mo, pp. 552, N. York, 1S42. A copy of this work was placed in every school in N. York and Massachusetts. A Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the forests of Massachusetts, Boston, 1846, pp. 635, Svo, 17 plates. " J]very page seems replete with interest, both of things old and new, rare and weU-known. We cheerfully recommend such a trea- tise as this to the friends of Horticulture; feeling that the stylo and manner in which the subject is treated will be peculiarly in- teresting." — Hovet/'S Magazine of ITorticnlture. Several of Mr. Emerson's Lectures upon Education have been pub., and he has contributed a number of articles to the North American Review and the Christian Examiner. Emerson, Gouverneur, M.D., of Philadelphia. The Farmer's and Planter's Encyclopaedia of Rural Affairs, by Cuthbert W. Johnson. Adapted to the United States by G. E., Phila., 1853, Svo. See Johnson, Cuthbert W. "Dt. Emerson has contributed very extensively to the agricul- tural journals of the U.S. His medical writings consist chiefly of extensive contributions upon the suljject of vital statlsiic.t, including the mortality, births, and changes in the population of Philadelphia from 1808 to *32 ; show- ing, among other things, the excessive mortality of males during childhood, and its causes. Effects of Depressing Influences in Changing the Proportions of the Sexes at Birth. ,Seo Amer. jour, of Med. Sciences, 1827, 31, 48. Emerson, James. See Tennent, Sir Jajies Em- erson. Emerson, Joseph, 1700-1767, minister of Maiden, Mass. Sernis. Ac. 1727, '35, '38, '47. Emerson, Joseph, 1777-1833, of Beverly, Mass. Miscellanies in Education. Emerson, John Swift. Proceedings Ct. of Exche- quer in Ireland, in case of Johnson. 1806, Svo. Emerson, Ralph Waldo, the son of a Unitarian minister of Boston, graduated at Harvard College in 1821, being then about 18 years of age. After some attention to theological studies, he was ordained minister of tliu Second Unitarian Church of Boston; but this connexion was soon sundered, in consequence of some peculiarity iu the views of the preacher. He now retired to Concord, and soon became absorbed in those investigations in men- tal and moral philosophy of which the results have been from time to time communicated to the world. An oration entitled Man Thinking, delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa in 1S37, and an address to the senior class of the Divinity College, Cambridge, in 1838, attracted con- siderable attention; which no doubt encouraged Mr. Em- erson to address the public through the medium of the press. In 183S he pub. Literary Ethics, an Oration, which was followed in the next year by Nature, an Essay. Iu rnia; from the Official Reports of Colonel Fremont and Major Emory, N.Y., Svo. "This work contains a map of the United States, Mexico, and California, together with a sectional map, on a large scale, of the Gold-Regions, and is replete with interest." 3. Report of the U.S. and Mexican Boundary-Com- mission. Washington, 4to. An elaborate work. Emms, Robert. Gospel Dispensation, Lon., 1732, 4to. Enderbie, Percy, Cambria Triumphans; or, Bri- tain in its perfect Lustre, from the first uf their Princes to Charles I., Lon., 1601, fol. Being a History of Wales. L..rd Essex's copy, £30 9s.; Heathcote's, £29 ISs. 6(1.; Montolieu's, £32 lis. Reprinted, Lon., 1810, fol. See an analysis of this work in Sav.ige's Librarian, ii. 49-74. "As fur Enderbie, who was an author of no considerable note, as having not had that just education which is requisite for a genuine historian, he hath done his work but very meanly, being mostly a scribble from late authors, and gives not that satisfaction which curious men desire to know." — Athen. Oxon., Blisses cd., in. 710. "Its intrinsic worth in respect to its contents is not very great." — jS(va//e's Librarian, ii. 50. Y'et so scarce had the original folio become, that a year before it was reprinted the same authority inlbrms us, '• At present 1 believe thatagood copy, bound in Russia leather, is difficult to l>o procmcd for much less than forty guineas."' The same vol. (original) is now (1855) worth perhaps £5 to £5 10s. iu good condition and binding. Eiidress, Rev. Dr., Lutheran pastor. Christi Regi- ment mit wcltlicher Monarchie und Aristocratic unverein- bar. 171)1, 12mo; also posthumous Sermons published in Lutheran Preacher and Pulpit. Eulield, Wm., LL.D., 1741-1797, a Socinian divine, a native of Sudbury, Suflolk, minister of a congregation at Liverpool, 1763; teacher of the dissenting academy at Warrington, 1770-83, when it was dissolved; minister of a congregation at Norwich, 1783-97. Serms., Prayers, Selectiun of Hymns, &c., 176S-95. The Preacher's Di- rectory; an arrangement of topics and texts, 1771, 4to; 1775, 9 vols. 12mo; 1782, 4to. " An excellent work, formed upon an admir-nblo plan, and exr^ cuted with great accuracy and judgment. This performance will be particularly usefid to those who compose sermons, as it will ENF ENG immediately furnish them with a rririety of texts on every sub- ject, niauy of which are selected aud applied with great taste and iugenuity. We will venture to recommend it to every preacher as the best booli of its kind that has ever been published." — Loti. Critical Bn-if-iv. Essay towards a Hist, of Liverpool, from papers of Geo. PeiTj, "and other materials. 1773, fol. Literary Propei'ty, 1774. 4to. The Speaker, 1775, 8vo. A very good collection of prose and poetry. New ed., 1850, 12mo. By Rev. J. Pyeroft, 1S51, 12mo. Elocution, 1780, 12mo. Natural Philosophy, 1783, 4to; 1799, 4to. The Hi.story of Philo- sophy from the earliest periods to the beginning of the present century, drawn up from Brucker's Ilistoria Critica Philosophise, 1791, 2 vols. 4to ; 1S19, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1840. Svo, pp. 670. Brucker's great work was pub. in 6 large 4to vols., Leipsic, 1742^4. A new ed., with large nddits. and improvements, appeared in 6 vols. 4to, Leipsic, 1767. The author had previously pub. an abridgment in 1765, large Svo. Enfield's work is un abridgment of the best edit., 6 vols. 4to. which comprises about 6000 closely- printed pages. The value of Brucker's work is well known. "Whether entitled to Enfield's enthusiastic eulogy, it must be left to learned inquirers in the same field to decide: '•A vast magaxineofimportint facts, collected with indefatigable industry, digested with admirable perspicuity of method, aud writ- ten with every appearance of candour and impartiality. . . . His work bears throughout such evident marks of diligeut attention, cool judgment, and freedom from prejudice, as justly to entitle his opinions to no small degree of respect; but as far as concerns facts, perhaps no historian ever had a better claim to confidence. No candid reader will, without the most careful inquiry, pronounce that statement of facts erroneous which was the result of a course of Investigation in which the life of an industrious student was principally occupied for the long term of fifty years."— EnJieUrs Pre/, f'l his Ahridgmait. 1791. "This eminent and valuable work has received the general suf- frage of the learned, as being the most comprehensive, methodical, and, impartial history of theology hitherto wiitten. It is both a history of doctrines and of men. As a history of doctrines, it lays open the origin of opinions, the changes they have undergone, the distinct characters of different systems, and the leading points in which they differ; as a history of men, it relates the lives of the most eminent philosophers, takes notice of their followers and op- ponents, and describes the origin, progress, and decline of their respective sects; and throws much light on the ancient religions of India, Persia, and on every other branch of Eastern literature." '• An indispensable work. I can truly say, that the benefit which I have derived from it is much greater than it would be possible to express by any quotation or acknowledgments, however nume- rous." — Burh/ti's Bampton Lixtures. Enfield performed his task in a most creditable manner : "It may be truly said, that the tenets of philosophy and the lives of its professors were never before displayed in so pleasing a form, and with such clearness and excellence of language." *' It contains a fund of information that is scarcely anywhere elsetobemetwithiuthe English language. Without it no library can be considered as at all complete."— />r. E. Williams's C. P. It is not to be denied, indeed, that doubts have been ex- pressed of the accuracy of some of his paraphrases of ancient philosophic propositions and conclusions. Serms. on Practical Subjects, with Memoirs of the Author, by John Aikin, M.D., 1798, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1799, 3 vols. Svo. *• These Sermons are 60 in number, and are almost entirely writ- ten upon moral subject.s. to illustrate the Character of our Lord, to explain and comment upon his Parables, or to enforce some of his Precepts. Hisebief talent consists in expressing common ideas in clear and apposite language: and he so well inculcates the mo- ral precepts of Christianity, that, with reference to them, bis Ser- mons may be read to advantage by every class of believers." — British (yitic. "■ In Dr. Enfield's compositions we see great correctness of senti- ment, and a happy mode of expression. His words stand for ideas ; he is cle,ar without ni-edless expansion, and concise without being confused." — Lmi. MnnVtly Review The English Preacher; a coUec. of short Serms. from various authors, 1773, '74, 9 vols. 12mo. " Very useful to young preachers, by exhibiting before them at one view a great variety of models for their imitation." — Lowndes's Brit. Librarian. Enfield was a large contributor to the 1st vol. of Dr. Aikin's General Biography, 1799-1815, 10 vols. 4to. See AiKiN, John, M.D., in this volume, and a biography of Dr. Enfield in Aikin's General Biography: "He joined with the writer of this article in laying the plan; and all the lives in the first volume marked with his initial, com- prising more than half the whole, are of his composition. . . . His language, chaste, clear, correct, and free from all affectation, is one of the best specimens of that middle style which is fitted for all topics, and he communicut*-s to his reader all that clearness of idea which reigned in his mind." — DR. .\iKis. nhi siipnt. Enfield. Wm. 1. New Pronouncing English Diction- ary, 1807, l'2mo. "Mr. Enfield has displayed considerable judgment and great industry in the cnmpilati'm and arrangement of the useful little volume'before us." — Anti-Jaaibin Bevieio. Aug. 1S07. 2. New Encyclopedia, 1809-11, 10 vols. 12mo. 3. Natu- ral Theology, 1809, 12mo. ' " - ^ -. Constitution of England. 1S09, 12mo. 5. Mental and Mora! Philusoidiy and L..gic.l810. 12mo. 6. Natural Philosophy. England, Rev. George, Inquiry into the Morals of the Ancients, 1757, 4to. ElijE^laiid, John. Discourses, 1700, Svo. Serm., 1710, Svo. ,^erm.. 1715. Svo. Eniiland,Ut. Rev. John,D.D.,R- Catholic Bishop of N. Carnlin:!. S. Ciir. Rivers and Tides, 1770, '81. 8vo. Erskine, Thomas, Lord Baron Erskine, of Restor- mel Castle, co. Cornwall, 1750-182.'J, was the third son of Henry, David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan in Scotland. He was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, and the University of St. Andrew's.and subsequently, in 1777, entered as a Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. At the age of 14 he entered the Royal Navy, where he served for four years; and in 17(j8 became attached to tho army, as an ensign in the Royals, or First Regiment of Foot. He re- mained in tho army for eight years. Determined to adopt the profession of the law, in 1777 he inserted his name as a student in the book of Lincoln's Inn, and in 1778 — sav- ing two years of probation in consequence of his academical degree, to which he was entitled from his University as the son of a nobleman — he was called to the bar. His defence of Captain Baillie at once established his fame, and hence- forth he reaped laurels in profusion. In 1806 he was made Lord High Chancellor, and in 1815 received the Order of the Thistle. His professional life does not properly come under our consideration in this volume. The reader is re- ferred to Boswell's Johnson; Chambers's Lives of lUus. and Dist. Scotsmen; Stanton's Reforms and Reformers of Great Britain; The Georgian Era; Encyc. Brit. ; Edin. Rev., vols. xvi. and xix. ; Gent. Mag., xciii. 553 ; Good- , rich's Select Brit. Eloquence. His lordship amused his intervals of leisure by the composition of Armata, a Frag- ment; a political romnnce, Lon., 1817, 2 vols. Svo; pub. anon. ; and wrote some pamphlets in favour of the Greeks. His burlesque parody of Gray's Bard is well known. His View of the Causes and Consequences of the Present War I with France, pub. in 1797, was so popular that 48 edits. I were called for in a few months. A letter in answer to it, 661 ERS ETH by John Gifford, also had a very large sale, and was fre- quently republished. " Seeing also, as every reader must here see, facts opposed to de- clamation, and proofs to bare assertion, we cannot conceive our- selves bi.issed by any kind of prejudice, when we pronounce th.%t this publication contains a complete and solid answer to Mr. Ei^ skine." — British Critic, Aprils 1797. A list of his separate publications — speeches, &,q. — will bo found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. There have been several collective edits, of his speeches. Speeches, 1S46, r. 8vo. Speeches, with Memoir by Lord Brougham, 1845, '47, 4 vols. 8vo. " We take the opinion of the country and of every part of the world where the languajre is understond, to be that ot the most unbounded admiration of these exquisite specimens of .Tudicial Oratory, and of a great obligation to the Editor of the collection." — Edin. Jfeview. vol. .\ix. " At the bar Erskine shone with peculiar lustre. There the re- sources lit his mind were made apparent by instantaneous bui-sts of eloquence, combining logic, rhetorical skill, and legal precision, while he ti iumpbed over the passions and prejudices of his hearers and moulded them to his will." "As an advocate in the forum I hold him to be without an equal in ancient or modern times." — Lord Campbell. Erskine, Thomas, of Linletbau, a member of the Scottish Bar. 1. Remarks on the Internal Evidence for the Truth of Revealed Religion, .3d ed., E.lin., 1S21, 12mo. " The argument from the internal evidence of reliirion, in sup- port of its truth and suitableness, is very powerfully supported, though the author uses the phrase natural rdii/vni rather .ambigu- ously." — Orinn's Bibl. Bib. 2. An Essay on Faith, 3d ed., 1S23, 12mo. An ed., 1S29, 2 vols. 12mo. "Written in an easier style of argument, and contains more of scriptni-al statement and explanation. Both works are much fitted to lie useful." — Utii supra. The British Critic highly praises both of these produc- tions. 3. The Unconditional Freeness of the Gospel: in three Essays, 2d ed., 1828, 12mo. This work e.\cited an animated controversy. See an account of " The Gairloch or Row Heresy" in the Eclectic Review for July, 1S30. 4. The Biazen Serpent; or Life coming through Death, 2d ed., 1831, 12mo. 5. The Doctrine of Election illustrated, Lon., 1837, 12mo. This useful layman was profoundly versed in (Jreek and Biblical literature. See Orme's Bibl. Bib., 174-75. Erswicke, .Tohn. Benefits of the observation of Fish Days, Lon., 1642. 4to. Escheruy, D. D. The Distemper, Lon., 1756, Svo. Probably the same as David Deschekny, M.D., (/. v. Esdailc, James, M.D. 1. Chi-istian Theology, Lon., 8vo. 2. Mesmerism in India; and it« Practical Applica- tion in Surgery and Medicine, fp. Svo. "From eight months' mesmei-ic treatment in a country charity- hospital in 13engal, Dr. Esdaile attests itsetticacy in rendering sur- gical operations painless, and aiding medical applications in every form." — Lon. Litrrary Gazette. 3. Letters from the Red Sea, Egypt, and the Continent, Calcutta, 1839, Svo. 4. Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoy- ance, 1852, 12mo. Esliiig, Catherine H. \V., formerly Miss Water- man, was born in Philadelphia in 1812. In 1840 she was married to Mr. Esling of Philadelphia. As a contributor to the periodicals of the day Jliss Waterman obtained great and deserved celebrity. In 1850 Mrs. Esling pub. The Broken Bracelet and other Poems, Phil.q., 12mo. " Her poems are the expressions of a true woman's soul : she excels in portraying feeling, and in expressing the warm and ten- der emotions of one to whom home has ever been the lodestar of the soul. In pathos and delicacy she has few equals."— j«cs. Hales Woman's Itprnrd. Espague, John d', a French Protestant divine, mi- nisterofthe French Church in London (emja. James.I. and Charles I., pub. several theolog. treatises, 1640-57, the best known of which is Popular Errors in the knowledge of Religion, Lon., 1648, Svo. Espinasse, Isaac, of Gray's Inn. 1. Lawof Actions and Trials at Nisi Priu.s, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. Svo; 4th ed 1812, 2 vols. Svo; Phila..l791; N. York, 1811, 2 vols. Svo; 1822, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Reports of Cases .at Nisi Prius, Lon., 1793-1811, 6 vols. r. Svo; Hartford, with Notes by Thomas Day, 1808, 6 vols. Svo; 1825. 3. Law of Actions on Penal Statutes, Lon., 1813, r. Svo; 1818, '24; N. York, 1822, Svo. 4. Laws of Actions on Statutes, remedial, penal, Ji:c., Lon., 1824, r. Svo. 5. Evidence for Trials at Nisi Prius, 2d ed., 1825, Svo; Phiba., 1822, Svo. 6. Peel's Acts, Ac, Lon., 1827, Svo. 7. Cases of the County of Dublin, 1827, Svo. Espinasse, James. Law of Bankrupts as altered by 6 Geo. IV. c. 16. Lon., 1825, r. Svo. Espy, James P., b. 1785. in Washington eo., Penna. The Philosophy ..f Storms. Boston. 1S41, Svo. Mr. Espy investigates the theories of Col. Reid, Dr. Piddington, Ac. "As a connected chain of cause and effect in the production of 662 storms and other similar meteors, Mr. Espy's theory is the most complete that has hitherto been brought forward, and it may be- come the one adopted to explain a vast mass of meteoroio'gicjil phenomena." — Lon. Literary Gazcttr. "Mr. Espy's communication contains a great number of well- observed and well-described facts. His theory, in the present stata of science, alone accounts for the phenomena; and, when completed, as Mr. Espy intends, by the study of the action of electricity when it intervenes, will leave nothing to be desired. In a word, for phy- sical geography, agriculture, navigation, and meteorology, it gives us new explanations, indications useful for ulterior researches, and redresses many accredited errors." — Conclusion of the Beport of the AcaiUmy of Sciences ^ Paris) on the labours of J. 'P. Espy, con- cerning Tornadoes, dc. Chmmittce, Messieurs Arago, Pouilkt, Bi- binet Heporter. ] Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of. See Capel. Essex, James, 1723-1784, an eminent English .archi- tect, a native of Cambridge, pub. some papers in the ArchoeoL and Bibl. Top. Brit., and two Letters, Ctmb., 1749, Svo; Lon., 1787, 4to. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Essex, John. 1. Country Dances, Lon., 1710, Svo. 2. The Young Ladies' Conduct, 1 722, Svo. Essex,RobertDevereux,Earlof. SeeDEVEREux. I Essex, Walter Uevereux, Earl of. See Df.vereux. Est, Wm. Serms., Lon., 161], '14, Svo. Lect. on St. James, 1616, Svo. Pirckheimer's Laus Podagrae trans, into English, 1617, 4to. Estcourt, Richard, 166S-1713, a native of Tewkes- bury, acquired considei'able reputation as a comic aclor, and is frenuently mentioned in the Tatler and Spectator. 1. Fair E,\ample; a Comedy, 1706, 4to. 2. Prunella; an Interlude, 4to. Este, Rev. Charles, 1753-1829, abandoned the stage for the study of medicine, and the latter for divinity. 1. Tracts on .Medical Subjects, Lon., 1776, Svo. 2. My own Life. 1787, Svo. 3. A Journey in 1793 through Flan- ders, Brabant, and Germany, to Switzerland, 1795, Svo. He was joint editor and proprietor of the periodical called The World. Este, John. Eookes of Madrigals, Anthems, Ac., 1604. '10, 'IS, '24, '38. Este, M. L. 1. Royal Institution, Ac, Lon., 1810, Svo. 2. Contagious Dise.ases, Baths, Swimming, Ac, 1812, Svo. Este, Michael. Madrigals, Lon., 1604, Ac. Estey, George. Certaine godly and learned E.xpo- sitious upon divers parts of Scripture, Lon., 1603, 4to. Estlin, John I'rior, LL.D., a Unitarian preacher. Evidences of Revealed Religion. Serms., Discourses, Ac, 1791-1815. " His sermons were much and ju-stly admired for the classical purity and elegance of their style; he treated his subjects with perspicuity, and adorned argument with all the attractions of genu- ine pathos." Vide Life. Eston, John. The Falling St.ars; or the Dragon's bringing down and trampliug upon Heavenly Glory, Lou., 1663. Estrange, E'. See L'Estrange. Estwick, Nicholas. Serms., Ac, Lon., 1633-56. Estwick, Samuel, LL.D. 1. Serm., Lon., 1696, 4to. 2. Negro Cause, 1772, Svo. 3. Letter to Dean Tucker reh to the w,ar with America, 1776, Svo. " Mr. Estwick is an acute reasuner and an entertaining writer; and a warm and zealous advocate for the Americans." — liich'sBibl. Amrr. A'uva. Ethelred. See Ailred of Rievaiix. Ethelston, Rev. Charles W. Ode, 1803, 4to. The Suicide; with other Poems, 1804, Svo. Address on Schools, 1812. 4to. Ethelward, who was alive in 1090, is known by a history of the .\nglo-Saxons, in four books, ending with the reign of King Edgar. See Rcrum Anglicanum Scrip- tores post Bedam pra;cipui, (edited by Savile,) fob, Francf., 1601, pp. 831-850. Chronicorum Ethehverdi Libri Qua- tuor. Ethelward's work is of little value: "The whole is a translation of a very false and imperfect copy of the Saxon Chronicle: and therefore William of Malmesbuiy has modestly, out of defence to his family, [the author tells us that he was descended from Ethelred, the brother of King Alfred.] declined the giving a character of this writer's performance. If he hiid done it truly, he ought to have told us that his stile is boisterous, and that several parts ofhis history are not so much as hardlv sense." — Bp. Nicols'm's £>(/ Hoffman's Legal Studg, i\'. Amer. Rev.. fUo-78, A'"r. 1S17. Let every member of the legal profession carefully peruse this valuable paper. A system of Pleading, including a Trans, of the Doctrina Placitandi, By a Gentleman of the Middle Temple, 1771, 4to. Eunson, G. The Ancient and Present State of Ork- ney, and Poems. Newc. upon Tyne, 1788, 12mo. Eusden, Lawrence, d. 1730, a son of the Rev. Dr. Eusden, Rector of Spotsworth. Yorkshire, after receiving his education at Trin. Cull., Camb., went into orders, and was for some time chaplain to Richard, Lord M'illoughby de Broke. He found warm friends in Lord Halifax, whose poem Ou the Battle of the Boyne he trans, into Latin, and in the Duke of Newcastle, whose marriage to Lady Godol- phin he celebrated in an Epithalamium, which raised the author to the laureatesbip in 1718. He pub. a number of occasional poems, contrilmted a few pieces to the Spectator and Guartlian, and left in MS. a trans, of the works of Tasso, with a life of the poet. Some specimens of his poetical abilities will be found in Nichols's Poems. Of course he did not wear the honours of the laurel without eliciting the enmity of his brother poets. Pupe put him in the Duncind, Oldmixon attacked him in his Art of Logic and Rhetoric, and Cooke thus refers to him in The Battle of the Poets ; " Kusden. a laurel'd baid. by fortune mis'd. By few been read, by fewer still been prais'd." We are sorry to learn, from a letter of Gray's to Mason, that Eusden injured his mind by the great enemy of poets — the "generous bottle." The Duke of Buckingham, in his Session of the Poets, implies that the fame of the poet- laureate was rather circumscribed: "In rushed Eusden, and cried. -Who shall have it But T. the true laureat. to whom the king gave it?' Apollo beggd pardon, and granted his claim. But Tow'd that till then he ne'er had heard Lis name." Eustace, Evans. Serms., 1747, 4to. Eustace, John Chetwode, a R. Catholic divine, travelled in Italy in the capacity of a tutor. He died of a fever at Naples, 1815, whilst making a second tour through Italy. 1. Elegy to Burke. 1797, 4to. 2. Answer to the Charge of the Bp. of Lincoln, 1818. 4to. 3. Classical Tour through Italy, Lon., 1S13, 2 vols. 4to ; 4th ed., ISlo, 4 vols. Svo; 6th ed., with addits., 1821. 4 vols. Svo. ■'Mr. Eustace's work is very full and minute in the subject which the title indicates. It is written in good taste, but in rather a prolix style; his statements, however, are not always to be depended upon, especially where his ptilitical or religious opinions intervene." — .SYtTcii,wH's Voyages and Travds. "One of the most inaccurate and unsatisfiictory writers that have in our times attained a temporary reputation." — Sir John Cam IIobhovse, Yet the tour of Mr. Eustace is well worth perusal, and the reader should then take up A Classical Tour through 503 EUS EVA Italy and Sicily — tending to illustrate some Districts which have not been described bj Mr. Eustace in his Classical Tour— by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., 1819, 2 vols. 4to. Au ed. in 3 vols. Svo. '' It has been a topic of genei-al regret in the literary world, that Mr. Kustace did not live to furnish the Supplementary Volume to his Classical Tour, so as to form a complete work on the present and past state of Italy, for which he was enjjaged in collecting materials at the period of his premature decease. But what Mr. Eustace did not live to accomplish. Sir Richard Colt Iloare has executed, and in such a manner as. it is hoped, will be at once acceptiible to the public, and gratifying to ttie numerous friends of Mr. Eustace, as a tribute of respect to his genius and of affec- tion to his memory."' 4. Letters from Paris to George Petre, Esq. Eustace, John Skey, d. 1S05, aged 45, a military officer during the Amerieiin Revolution, after the war re- sided for some time in Georgia, where he received the appointment of Adjutant-General. In 1794 he visited France, and, entering the army, became Major-Genernl. In 1797 he commanded a division of the French Army in Flanders. He returned to America in 1800. and, settling in Orange county, N. York, devoted his attention to lite- rary pursuits until his death in 1805, at Newburgh. Ac- count of his Exile from the Kingdom of Great Britain by order of the Duke of Portland, Lon., 1797, Svo. Eustace, Sir Maurice. 1. Letter from rel. to Irish Parliament, Lon., 1642, 4to. 2. Letter from rel. to Ireland, 1642. 4to. Evance, Daniel. Serm., Lon., 1646 ; do., 1695, 4to. Ivsta Honoraria; or. Funeral Rites in honour of Robert, Earl of Essex, 1646, 4to, in verse. Evance, Miss S. Poems, 1808, Svo. Evander, John. A Vuyage round the World; or, A Pocket Library, Lon., Svo. Evanke, George, incumbent of Ayton Magna, York- shire, ejected for Nonconformity. 1662. Serm., 1663, 4to. Evans, Abel, of St. John's Coll., Oxf., enjoyed great reputation as an epigrammatist. Some of his poems will be found in Nichols's Select Collection. Sec especially the satire on Tindal, entitled The Apparition, and Vertumnus, an Epistle to Mr. Jacob Bobart, 1713. Evans is mentioned in the Duuciad, and he is classed among the Oxford wits in the following couplet: "Alma Doveui genuit celebres P.hedycina poetas; But Stubb. Cobb. Crabb. Trapp, Young, Carey. Tickell. Evans." Evans, Rev. Alfred Bowen. Christianity in its Homely Aspects, 1852. 12mo. Evans, Arise, or Rice, or, according to Wood. John, ■was a Welsh conjurer and astrologer, of whom many won- derful stories have been related. Watt enumerates nine pieces of his, and Wood refers to some almanacs, &c. See Bibl. Brit.. Athen. Oxon., and Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Bishop Warburtun treats Evans as a prophet, and in 1751 (12mo) pub. An Account of the Prophecies of Arise Evans, the Welsh Prophet, in the last century. This publication injured the bishop's literary reputation con- siderably. Evans, Arthur B. Serms. on the Christian Life and Character, Lon., 1832, Svo. '• There is a strength and vigour in his delineations, and an effi- caciousne.^s in his arguments, whic-h will bear comparison with the most splendid specimens of our old, sterling, matter-of-fact theologians." — Lon. Vhris. Sememb. Other works. Evans, C. See Evans, Oliveii. Evans, Caleb, D.D., 1737-1791, a Baptist minister, a native of Bristol, England, pub. several serms., »fec., and some pieces on the war between Great Britain and the American Colonies. See Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. A Letter to the Rev. John Wesley, occasioned by his Calm Address to the American Colonies; new ed., Lon., 1775, 12mo; 1st ed. pub. under the signature of Ameriea- nus. A sup. to 1st ed., by another party, was pub. in 1775. A Reply to the Rev. Mr. Fletcher's Vindication of Rev. Mr. Wesley's Calm Address, Bristol, 1776, 12mo. "Mr. Evans is a livt-ly and sensibi,- advnrati* for the freedom of the colonies, a spirited controvertiNl. and :i z. al-ms assptt.-r of those liberal and noble principles to wliiih «.> wim.- iri. Phillips, N. York. Memoirs of, by D. R. Stephen. Lon., 12mo. Evans, I). I^,, t^t.-Col,, is the signature appended to Facts relating to the Capture of Washington, &c., Lou., 1829, Svo. B , y , 5&i Evans, David, Serm., 1808, Svo. Evans, Mrs. E. H. Poems, with a Preface by her brother, the Rev. Thomas IL Stockton, Pliila., 1851, l"2mo. Evans, Edmund C, M.D. Trans, from the French, General Notions of Chemistry, by J. Pelouze and E. Fremy, Phila., 1854. 12mo. Evans, Edward. Sub. of 4 Serms., Oxon., 161.5, 4to. Evans, Evan, 1730-1790. a Welsh divine and poet, was educated at Jesus Coll., Oxf. Dissortalin de Bardis; or, Some Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh Bards, trans, into English, with Notes, &c. The Love of Our Country; a Poem, with Hist. Notes, 1772, 4to. Some of his pieces are in the Diddaniock Tenluaidd. He trans, two vols, of Serms., by Tillotson and others, into Welsh. Evans, Rev. G. >V. D. 1. Classic and Connoisseur in Italy and Sicily, with an abridged trans, of Lanzi's Storia Pittorica, Lon., 1835, 3 vols. Svo. This work should be added to the classical tours of Eustace and Hoare, {ri'fe ante.) 2. Lanzi's Luminaries of Painting, trans, and abridg. from the Italian, 1848, p. Svo. Evans, Hu^h. Serms., 1773, '81. Evans, Hugh Davy, LL.D., b. 1792, in Baltimore. 1. Essay on Pleading, Bait., 1827, Svo. 2. Maryland Common-Law Practice. 1839, Svo. 3. Essays to Prove the Validity of Anglican Ordinations, 1844. 12mo. 4. Second Series, 1851, 2 vols. 5. Essay on the Episcopate of the Prot. Epis. Church of the U.S. of America, Phila., 1855, 12mo. Ed. of and contrib, to several Epis. journals. Evans, Israel, d. 1817, aged 59, minister of Concord, N. Hampshire, was a native of Pennsylvania, where his father and grandfather were divines. He graduated at Princeton College, 1772, was ordained, 177G, and served in the Revolutionary War as chaplain ; minister at Con- cord, 1789-97. He pub. three sermons and an oration, 1780, "83. '91, &Q. Evans, J. Conjugation of French Verbs, Lon., 1795, Svo. Evans, James Harrington, 17S5-1S49, Baptist minister of John Street Chapel, London. 1. Dialogues on the Trinity, Lon., 1819, Svo. Subsequently disapproved of and suppressed by the author. 2. Letters to a Friend, 12mo. 3, Serms. on the Spirit of Holiness, 4th ed., 18159, 12 mo. " Every page is calculated to awaken prayer and holy meditation. We cordially recommend it." — Lon. Christian Lafb/s SSay. 4. Letters, 32mo. 5. Serm., 1837. 6. Psalms and Hymns, 18mo. 7. Checks to Infidelity, 1840, 18mo. See notices in Lon. New Method. Mag., and the Evangel. Mag. 8. Vintage Gleanings, 1849, r. 32mo,- 2ded.. 1850. Memoirs and Remains of. by his son, the Rev. J. J. Evans, 1852, Svo. Evans, John. Almanacke for 1631, Lon., 12mo. Evans, John. The Universnll Medicine; or, Vertuea of the Antimoniall Cup, Lon., 1634, 12mo. Evans, John, Rector of St. Ethelborough, London. Senn. on Phil. iv. 5. 1682, 4to. Evans, John, D.D., 1680-1730, a disseniing divine» a native of Wrexham, Denbighshire, became assistant, and subsequently successor, to Daniel Williams, in London. Ho pub. occasional serms., letters, kc, 1704-27, but is best known by Discourses concerning the Christian Temper: 3S Serms.. 4th ed., 1729, 2 vols. Svo; 1738, '52, '55, "70, 1802, '12. with Life, by Dr. John Erskine, 1825, Svo. Few works have been so highly commended. ''That most excellent Treatise called Christian Temper, which my worthy friend Dr. Kvans bath sent almiad. and which is, per- haps, the most complete summary of those duties which make up the Christian life, that hath been published in our age." — Dr. Wtittii's Sfrmons. '* Evans's style is grave, plain, manly, and nervous. Ilis Chris- tian Temper is one of the best practical pieces in our language.'' — Dr. Doddridije. '• A course of excellent sermons on that subject." — Dr. E. Wil- liaTns's C. P. " His sermons fully discuss various points of Christian temper; not enough of the Saviour iu them." — Biclerstclh's C. .V. Evans, John. The Case of Kneeling at the Holy Sacrament stated and resolved, Pt. 1, Lou., 1(>S3, 4to; Pts. 1 and 2. 1684, '85, 4to. Serm., 1695, Svo, on the Death of Queen Mary. Evans, John, of Elwell. Serm., 1718, Svo. Evans, John. Serm., Lon., 1751. Evans, John. Cyssondel y Pedair Etfengyl; gyd ag agoriad hyrra Nodau Athrawas; or, A Harmony of the Four Gospels; in Welsh. With an Expos., Annot., and Introduc, Lon., 1764, Svo. Evans, John, M.D. The Bees, a Poem, Lon., 1806- 13, 4to. Con. to Med. Com., 177S-S5. Evans, John. 1. Tour through part of North Wales in 1798 and at other Times, Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. Letters EVA EVA written during a Tour through South Wales in 1803 and at other Times, 1S04, Svo. '•These works are valuable for botanical ioformation as well as for desciiptions of scenery, manners, agriculture, manufactures, antiquities, &c., and for mineralogy." — Stevenso7is Voyages and Travels. 3. A Discourse, 1804, Svo. 4, The Ponderer; a series of Essays, 1812. 12mo. 5. Remains of Mr. Reed, with Life, &c-., 1816, Svo. Evans, John, LL.D., 1767-1827, a Baptist minister. a native of Usk, Monmouthshire, was from 1792 to 1827 pastor of a congregation of General Baprists, Worship St., London. He pub. many serms.. theolog. and other works, for a list of which, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Gont. Mag., xevii.. Pt. 1, 369. In 17it7 he pub. An Attempt to account for the Infidelity of the late Mr. Gibbon; founded on his own Jlemoirs, Svo. His best-known work is A Brief Sketch of the different Denominations into which tlie Christian Wurld is divided, 1794, 12mo. From this date to the death of the author fourteen eds., comprising IIIO.UOO copies, were sold. The 15th cd. was revised by the author immediately before his death, and pub. in the same year, 18mo. The ' 18th ed. was pub. in 1841, fp. Svo. It has been trans, into Welsh, and various continental languages, and several eds. have been pub. in the United States of America. Unfor- tunately the author sold the copyright fur only ten pounds ! ■■ lint his frii-nds have administered to bim a negative cnnsola- tion, by remindin'^ him that a similar sum was paid fur the copy- right of Watts's Hymns, as well as of that gigantic product of hu- man genius, Paradise Lost." — Author's dedication of the 1-ith ed. to Lord ErslHne. A correction is required here, which we leave to the reader to supply. In 1825, Svo, was pub. a collection of Dr. Evans's Ser- mons, Funeral Orations, and Tracts. '• We rejoice to see the diffusion of works breathing such a catho- lic ppiiit towards the seventl dennminatious of Christians, and such a Iienevolent tenipei towards all the human race." — L"n. M'-n. Ri:p. Evans, Katherine. Sufferings of K. E. and Sarah Chevers in the luiiuisition at Malta. 1(j62. 4to. History of the Voyage of K. E. and S. C. to Maltn. with their Suf- ferings in the Inquisition there for near lour Years, 1715. Evans, Lewis. Theolog. treatises, 1565-1621. Evaus, Lewis, d. 1756, a surveyor in Pennsylvania. Map of the MidiUe Colonies, &c., 1749; 2d ed., 1755. Geograph., Hist., PoUt., Philos., and Mechanical Essays, 2d ed., Phila., 1755, 4to; do.. No. IL, Lon., 1756. 4to. A new ed. of Evans's Map was pub. in 1776 by Mr. Pownall. Evans, ^'athaniel, 1742-1767, a minister in New Jersey, was a native of Philadelphia. Poems on several occasions, a serm., &c., 1772. Account of T. Godfrey; prefixed to Godfrey's Poems. Evans, Oliver, 175o-I819. a native of Pennsylvania, was a descendant of Evan Evans, D.D.. the first Episcopal minister of Philadelphia, who died in 1728. Mr. Evans had an iron foundry, steam mill, &c., and made several im- provements in mechanics. The Young Engineer's Guide, 1805. Miller and Millwright's Guide, 1797, 1807, 25 plates ; I4th ed., with addits. and corrections by Thomas P. Jones ; with a descriptiun of an improved Merchant Flour Mill, by C. and 0. Evans, Phil.a.. 1853, Svo. Evans, R. H. Old Ballads, Historical and Narrative, Ac, with Notes. Collected by Thomas Evans, Lon., 1777, 2 vols. Svo ; 1784, 12mo. Kevised by his son, R. H. Evans, 1810, 4 vols. Svo, Evans, Robert. Serm., 1771, 4to. Evans, Robert. The Dream; or Noble Cambrians, ISOl, 2 vols. 12mo. Evans, Robert H. A Letter on the Expediency of a Reform in Parliament. Lon., 1817, Svo. Evans, Robert U'ilson, Rural Dean, Vicar of He- versham. and late Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. Biography of the Early Church. 1st and 2d series, Lon., 1839, 12mo. Serms., 1830. Svo. Serms.. 1832. Svo. Tales of the An- cient British Church, 2d ed., 1841, 12mo. Parochial Serms., 1844, 2 vols, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1845, '46, 2 vols. 12mo. Bish- opric of Souls, 3d ed., 1844. 12mo. " Earnest and awakening, but with partial views."— SiciersfcWs as. Ministry of the Body, 1847, 12mo; 2d ed., 1851, fp. Svo. Parochial Sketches in Verse, 1850, 12mo. Rectory of Vale- head, 15th ed., 1852, 12mo. "Universally and drdially do we recommend this delightful Tolunie. We believe no person could read this work and not be the better for its pious and touchinf; lessons. — Lim. Literary Gaz. Mr. Evans has written a number of other u.«eful works. Evans, Smith. Geology Made Easy ; a CuluuredChart of the Strata pierced by the Artesian Well at Pcntonville, shewing the various Strata upon which London is built, commonly known as the London Basin, Lon., 1851. " This Chart, which is 15 by 22 inches in size, shews the order in which the different strata of the earth lie upon each other, with their character, localities, and organic remains: a section of the Artesian Well, and of the Loudon Uasin, and representations of the tbssils found in the deposits. It may be considered a good compendium of the geoloj^ical informalinn of the present day." Evans, Theopliilus. Drych y Prif CEsoedd, (Mir- rour of the Days of Yore,) 1716, 12mo. Highly commended. Now a rare vnUnue. Evans, Theophilus. The History of Modern En- thusiasm, from the Reformation to the present time, Lon., 1752, Svo. Evans, Thomas. (Edipus, in three Cantos, 16-5. Evans, Thomas. Refutation of Linguefs Memoirs of the Ba^tilc. 1 783. Svo, Letter to Earl of Sandwich. 1 791. Evans, Thomas, 1742-1784, an intelligent bookseller of London, pub. a collection of Ballads, (see Evans, R. H.,) and issued new eds., with dedications, of a number of valuable works. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes; Gent. Mag., 1784. Evans, Thomas. Cambrian Itinerary, Lon., 1801, Svo. Hist, of the Ancient Britons. In Welsh, 1804, '10, 12mo. Eng. and Wel^h Vocabulary ; with a Welsh Gram- mar by Thomas Richards, 1804, '10, 12mo, An ed. by Wm. Evans, Carmarthen, 1771, Svo. Evans, Thomas, of Philadelphia. Exposition of the Faith of the Society of Friends. Selected from their early writings, Phila., 1828, 8vo: Lon., 1829, Svo. Evans, W, J., M.D. The Sugar Planter's Manual, Lon., 1847, Svo. '• Dr. Evans's masterly work is full of the most valuable infor- mation for the planter, and will certainly become immediately the text-book and standard work of reference on sutrar-manulacture. It should be in the hands of every overseer, book-keeper, and at- torney, who ciinnot fail to profit by a careful and frequent study of its contents." — G'lunial Moi/. 2. Treatise on Endemic Fevers of the West Indies, Svo, Evans, Wm. Thamesiades, or Chastities Triumph, 1602, Svo. Evans, Wm. Serm., Oxon.. 1633. 4to. Evaus, Wm. Trans, of Grotius's Treatise concerning the Law of War and Peace, Lon., 1715, 3 vols. Svo. " The store.? of erudition recommend it to the classical scholar, while his h.appy application to human life dmws to it the attention of common i-eaders." — Crari.es Bl'tler. " Such richness and splendour of literature have a powerful charm." — M.ackintosh. Evans, Wm. David. 1. Salkeld's Reports K. B., 6th ed.. 1793. 3 vols. r. Svo. 2. Money on Law of Insurances, &c., 1802. Svo. Edited by F. X. Martin. Newbern, 1SU2, Svo. 3. Decisions of Lord Mansfield in Civil Causes, 1802, 2 vols. 4to. Arranged upon the plan of Blackstone. 4. Po- thier on Law of Obligations, 1806, 2 vols. 5. Letter to Sir S. Romilly on the Revision of the B.ankrupt Laws, 1810, Svo. 6. Letters on the Disabilities of R. Catho- lics and the Dissenters, 1813, Svo. 7. Practice of the C. Pleas. Lancaster. Lon., 1814, Svo. 8. Acts rel. to the Clergy, with Notes, 1817, Svo. 9. Collection of Statutes, 1818, 8 vols. Svo ; 3d ed.. continued to 1835, by A. Hammond and T. C. Granger, 1829-36, 10 vols. Svo. Evanson, Edward, 1731-1805, educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb., became Vicar of South Mimms in 1768. and two years later Rector of Tewkesbury. In 1771 he was prosecuted for some sentiments expressed by him in a ser- mon on the Resurrection, and in 1778 he resigned his liv- ings and became head of a school. Relieved from all restraint, he soon evinced the most determined opposition to several prominent doctrines of Christianity, and is generally styled an infidel. 1. The Doctrines of a Trinity and Incarnation examined, 1772; anon. 2. Three Discourses, 1773, Svo, 3. Letter to Dr. Hard on the Prophecies, 1777, '92, Svo. 4. The Sab- bath, 1792, 8vo. 5. Dissonance of the four generally re- ceived Evangelists, and the Evidence of their authenticity examined, 1792, Svo. Completely refuted by Thomas Fal- coner in his Certain Principles, . ^^ ..>.^...,-~. -. --■■ = - ,1,7;' ,V" = Bibl. Bib.; Orme ou the Heavenly W,t- to h„ve been written by a French NobleuKm 651 6mo. See IIiLllam s Introdue. llorne'i iii. 81 nessep. Evarts, Jeremiah, 1781-1831, secretary of the Amer. Bd. of Cora, f.ir Foreign Missions, a native of Vermont, was from 1810-20 c.litor of The Panoplist. a religious and lilernrv monthly publication. He wrote 24 css.ays under the signature of Willium. on the rights and claims of the Indians, pub. in 1829. He edited the volume of Speeches on the Indian Bill, and wrote the Introduction. See Dis- courses on Evarts, by Dr.s. Woodand Spring ; Miss. Herald, Oct. and Nov., ISIU; Memoirs of Jeremiah Evarts, Bos- ton. 1845, 8vo. Evarts, Rev. W. W. 1. Bible Manual. 2. Pastor s Hand-Book. 3. The Bible Prayer Book. 4. Scripture School Reader; in c.mjunction with W. H. Wykoff. Eveleigh, John, D.D., 1747-1814. Provost of Oriel Coll., 0.\f. and Preb. of Rochester. The Trinity. 1791, 8vo. Serms. preached before the Univ. of Oxford. 1792, Svo; do., 1810, 8vo. Eight Sermons, preached at the Bampton Lecture, 1792, Svo. Plurality of Persons in the Godhead proved, 1797, Svo. Scrra. on 27th Ps., 1806, 8vo. Serms. before the Univ. of Oxford, with those at Bampton Lecture. '■ He tre.its them [the topics] with a degree of weight aud solidity which shows that what he writes is the fruit of de>*p retlectioD. and which arrests the attention of the considering reader. There is a character of sound reasoning, a manner of sober discussion, which never quits the author. One of his recommendations is the total absence of all ostentatious diisplay of erudition."— ion. Quurleiiy }ievi€w. Eveleigh, Josiah. Reply to Pierce, Lon., 1719, Svo. Eveline, Robert. Direction for Adventurers, and true description of tlie healthiest, pleasantest, and richest Plantation of New Alliion, in North Virginia, in a letter from Mayster Robert Eveline, that lived there many years, 1641, sm. 4to. Litjer rarissimus. Evelyn, Charles. Ladies' Recreation ; or. The Plea- sure and Profit of Gardening improved, Lon., 1707, '11, '19, Svo. In German, Leipsic, 1756, Svo. Evelyn, Sir John. Report from the Committee rel. to Lord Digby's Speech on the attainder of Strafford, 1641, 4to. Evelyn, John, 1620-1705-6, was a son of Richard Evelyn, of Wotton, in the county of Surrey, where John was born on the 31st of October. After preparatory studies at Lewes and Southover, he was placed in 1637 as a fellow commoner at Balliol Coll., Oxf. He entered college, as he tells us with much modesty, '• Rather out of .')hame of abiding longer at school than any fit- ness, as by sad exp.3rience I found, which put me to releam all that I had neglected, or but perfunctorily gained." On leaving college ho removed to the Middle Temple, and h.ad been there but a short time when he lost his father. Anxious to see something of foreign countries, he deter- mined to visit the continent, whence he returned after an absence of three months. In 1643 he again left home, and for a number of years resided in France, and other parts of Europe, occasionally making a short visit to England. In January, 1651, '52 he settled permanently in the latter country, residing at Say's Court, near Dcptford, formerly the seat of his father-in-law. Sir Richard Browne, British resident at the court of France. At the time of his marriage to Miss Browne, in 1647, at Paris, she had not attained her 14th year, and seems to h.ave been a grateful and docile pupil in the course of education prescribed by the groom, now in his 27th year, and one of the most accomplished men of his day. She survived him about three years, and thus commemorates his devotion : " Ilis care of my education was such .as might become a father, a lover, a friend, and husband, for instruction, tenderness, affec- tion, and fidelity, to the last moment of his life, which obligation I mention with"a gratitude to his memory ever dear to me; and I must not omit to own the sense I have "of my parents' care and goodness iu placing me in such worthy hands." Indeed, the character of this excellent man, placed as he was amidst the corrupting influence of a most unprin- See Michaelis's I of Evelyn will be found iu the Biog. Brit. We notice some Rev , .".d Series, , of tlie principal. 1. A character of England, purporting ' " ■ 1 written by a French _ to Lit. Hist. 2. Fumifugium or. The Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke of London dissipated ; together with some remedies humbly proposed. This was addressed to Charles II., and pub. by his com- m.and. 3. Tyrannus ; or. The Mode, in a Discourse of Sumptuary Laws, 1661, Svo. 4. Sculptura; or. The His- tory and Art of Chalcography and Engraving on Copper; with an ample enumeration of the most renowned Masters and their Works, 4c., 1662, Svo; 2d ed., with Life of the Author, 1755, ]2ino. This work was written at the re- peated request of Robert Boyle. 5. Sylva ; or, A Discourse of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his Majesty's Dominions: to which is annexed Pomona; rel. to Fruit Trees, 1664, fob : 2d ed., 1669; 3d ed., with addits. and improvements, 1679, fob; 4th ed., 17U6, fol; 5th ed., 1729; new ed., by Dr. Hunter, of York, with Notes and Engravings, 1776, 2 vols. 4to; 2d ed., to which Terra, a Philosophical Discourse on Earth, is added, 17S6, 2 vols. 4to; 4th improved ed., 1812, 2 vols. 4to; 6th improved ed.. 1825, 2 vols. 4to. This work was written by the command of, and was the first book pub. by, the Royal Society. It was elicited by certain "Queries propounded to that illustrious assembly, the honour- able the principal Officers and Commissioners of the Navy.'' Apprehensions were entertained that the cultivation of large trees was so much neglected, that in a short time it would Ik; diEBcult or impossible to procure sufficient timber for the purposes of the Navy. Evelyn made an earnest appeal to the nation to treat this important subject with duo regard. His work was eminently successful. In the new dedication to Charles II., 2d ed., 1669—5 years after the publication of the Isl ed.— Evelyn tells the king "It has Ijeen the snle occasion for furnishing your almost ex- hausted dominions with more, I dare say, than two millions of timber-trees, besides infinite others, which have been propagated wifbin the three nations, at the instigation and by the direction of this work," &c. The famous Dr. Wotton declares '• It may therefore, perhaps, lie esteemed a small character of Mr. Evelyn's 'discourse ot forest-trees to say, that it out-does all that Theophrastus and Pliny have left us on that subject; for it not only does that and a great deal more, but contains more useful urecepts, hints, and discoveiies, upon that now so necessary a pirt '_ " ... .. .- ii ii,^ 1.) l...^ +111 +Vi.iTi L-nrMrn frn- Jill of our Hes Kusticn. than the world had fill then known, for all the observations of former ages. To name others after him would be a derogation to his performance."— ifc/iecdmis on Ancient and Modern Learning. " The ■ Sylv.V has no beauties of style to recommend it, and none of those felicities of expression by which the writer stamps upon your memory his meaning in all its force. Without such charuLS, ■Discourse of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his Maiestv's Dominions' might appear fo promise dry entertainment; but he' who opens the volume is led on insensibly from page to na-e and catches something of the delight which made the author en&r with his whole heart and all his fcculties into the subject. It is a great repository of all that was then known concerning tlie' forest trees of Great Brifain, their growth and culture, and their uses and .ju.alitles, real or imaginary ; and he has enlivened it with .all the pertinent facts and anecdotes which occurred to him in his reading."— Robert Soutmev : Lon. Quart. Renew. xi.\. 4i . ■■While Britain retains her awful situation among the nations of Europe, the Svlva of Evelyn will endure with her triumphant oaks It was a'n author in his studious retreat, who, casling a pronbetic eve on the age we live in. secured the late victnius ■n. 8. History of Three hite Famous Impostures, 1668, '69, 8vo. 9. A Short and Plain Discourse, the chief heads of the History of Trade and Navij^ation, their origin and progress, 1674, 8vo, Dedicated to the King. " A brief and necessarily very ioiperfect sketch. 1 1 is introduced by some observations on the advantages of commerce and naviga- tion, as exemplified in the instances of Holland, Venice, &c." — McCuUocIi\'; Lit. of Pnlit. Kcon. | 10. Terra; a Philosophical Discourse of the Earth, re- lating to the culture and improvement of it, for Vegeta- ; tion, and the Propagation of Plants, 1675, fol. See notice ! of Sylva, nn^t'. 11. Mundus Muliebris: or the Ladies* Dressing lluom unlocked, and her Toilette spread. In Burlesque. Together with the Fop's Dictionary, 1G90, 4to. 12. Numismataj a Discourse of Medals, ancient and mo- dern, 1697, fol. i " We mi^^bt justly have expected wbatever could have been de- \ sired on this subject, from the excellently-learned pen of Mr. Eve- lyn, had he bent his thoughts, as was believed, towards the consi- deration of our British coins as vrell as medals. It now appeais that his Numismata carried him no farther than those larger and , more choice pieces that are usually called by this latter name; i whereon he has, indeed, treated with that accuracy and fineness ^ which become a gentleman and a scholar." — BisU"p Nicolson's Eng. , Hut. Lib., :*4S. I IZ. Acetaria; or a Discourse of Sallets, 1699, Svo. This j was his last work. He contemplated several extensive ' works — A General History of all Trades, The Plan of a PkOyal Garden, &c. — which were never compiled ; see Biog. Brit. A review of his agricultural works will be found in Donald-son's Agricult. Biog. I Industrious to the last, he was but a short time before , his death busily employed in preparing the 4th ed. of Sylva for the press. But the time had now arrived when he was permitted to enter into that rest to which his heart had ever fondly turned during the course of his long pilgrimage on earth. He died Feb. 27, 1705-06, in the 86th year of his age. All that was mortal of the aged Cbri.stian was interred at Wottou, where his tombstone, by his direction — anxious to continue his usefulness even when no longer able to bear a living testimony to the truth — bears this in- ^ scription : ! "That, living in an ageof extraordinary events and revolutions, be had learned from thence this truth, which he desired mi,iiht be thus communicated to posterity : Th.\t all is vanity which is not , HONEST, and that THERE IS NO SOLID WISDOM BUT REAL PIETY." | This is "the conclusion of the whole matter," and we shall be wise, indeed, thoughtful reader, if we profit by the lesson. In 1825 Mr. Wm. Vpcott, the well-known bibliographer, pub. in a 4to vol. a collection of Evelyn's Miscellaneous Writings — on Morals, Horticulture, Art, Science, Com- merce. &c. — many of which had become very rare. •■ All these tempting topics we are compelled to fly from, with many a liii^'i ring look, conscious that we hare occupied a large, thou:_'li by no meaus an undue space, iu affording our readers some gusti> ef a volume upun which they may venture to make many a hearty meal." — Jiritish Chtic. In 1818, 2 vols. 4to, appeared Memoirs illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, Esq., comprising his Diary from 1641 to 1705-06, and a Selection from his Fa- miliar Letters, 2d ed., 1819, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 1827, 5 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1850, 4 vols. Svo; again, 1854, 4 vols. 8vo. To Mr. Bray, the intelligent editor of this work, and to Mr. Upcott, his assistant, the public are largely indebted. It has been truly remarked that '■ It is impossible to overrate the interest and value of a diary and correspondence written by such a man as Evelyn, and in such timus as those of Charles I., Oliver Cromwell, Charles II., James II., and William III." '• This work is a necessary companion to the popular histories of our country — to Ilumc, Ilallani. Macaulay. and Lingard." '■Few. if any, similar publications of our own days more strongly attracted public attention on their first appearance, or are likely to retain a more permanent station in our national literature, than the Diary of Evelyn, a man the more highly honoured ."tnd valued as our acquaintance is permitted to become closer." — BinXish Critic. To this work the reader must add The Diary and Cor- respondence of Samuel Pepys, and he may congratulate himself upon the possession of treasures of no ordinary character. " We have never seen a mine so rich as the volumes before us." — Sir "Walter .Scott. In 1848, sm. 8vo, was pub. by Bishop Wilberforce of Ox- ford, from the MS. of Evelyn, his Life of Mrs. Godolphin. Now first pub. " An exquisite book is this for the refined and educated reader. How could it be otherwise, since the adminible Kvelyn has seen tit to present it to the world? This little book cannot but be at- tended with many blessings on account of the purity of its tone and purpose." — Protestant Cfiurchvian. EVE In 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo, Rev. R. M. Evanson pub. from the MS. of Evelyn his Rational Account of the True Re- ligion. Now first pub. '• As an epitome of all the later arguments against the infidelity of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the History of Reli- gion is indeed invaluable." Of this truly excellent man we may say, with a distin- guished critic : " >'o change of fashion, no alteration of taste, no revolutions of science, have impaired or can impair his celebrity. Satire, from whom nothing is sacred, scarcely attempted to touch him while living; and the acrimony of political and religious hatred, though it spares not even the dead, has never assailed his memory." — Robert Southey: Lfii. Quar. I^'view, xix. 53. During the evil days when unhallowed violence over- threw the throne and the altar, Evelyn was a sincere mourner, and ministered to the necessities of those who from a state of comparative opulence suddenly found them- selves reduced to straitne.=s of bread and the melancholy prospect of continued destitution. When that intrepid champion of the truth, " of whom the world was not wor- thy" — Jeremy Taylor — was consigned to the cht-erless walls of a prison, it was John Evelyn who not only ex- tended present relief, but settled upon him an annual al- lowance, that be might not be careful for the unirruw. From a letter of Evelyn's to this attached friend, writteai in these troublous times, we give an extract which reflects honour both upon the writer and the one addressed: " For my part, I have learned from your excellent assistance to humble myselfe, and to adore the inscrutable pathes of the most high: God and his Truth are still the same, though the founda- tions of the world be shaken. Redivivus can shut the l^chooles indeede, and the Temples; but he cannot hinder our private iuter- courses and devotions, where the Breast is the Chappell and our Ileart is the Altar. Obedience founded in the understanding will be the only cure and retraite. God will accept what remaines and supply what is necessary." Even the gossiping, worldly-minded, curiosity-hunting Horace Walpole is betrayed with a generous, but very un- fashionable, enthusiasm, when expatiating upon the cha- racter of Evelyn : " His life, which was extended to eighty-six years, was a course of enquiry, study, cuiiosity, instruction, and benevolence. The works of the Creator, and the mimic labours of the creature, were all objects of his pursuit. He unfolded the perfection of the one, and assisted the imperfection of the other. Ue adored from ex- amination; was a courtier that flattered only by informing his prince, and by pointing out what was worthy for him to counte- nance; and was really the neighbour of the gospel, for there was no man that might not have been the better for him.'"— Cafuto^/ue of Eiigrav&rs. A celebrated author, of a very different stamp, bears the same testimony, when acknowledging some communica- tion designed to aid an important literary undertaking: "That most ingenious and \irtuous gentleman, Mr. Evelyn, who is not satisfied to have advanced the knowlt^dge of this age by his own useful and successful labours about planting and divers other ways, but is ready to coutribute every thing in his power to perfect j other men's endeavours." — Risuop Burnet : Hist, of the. Uffvrma- iiu)}. We shall conclude our article with the tribute of one of the most distinguished poets of his age: I '* Happy art thnu whom God does bless With the full choice of thine own happiness; I And happier yet. because th'ju'rt blest With prudence how to choose the best. In books and gardens thou hast pl.ic'd aright, (Things which thou well dost understand. And both dost make with thy laborious hand,) Thy noble, innocent delight. And in thy virtuous wife, where thou again dost meet IJnth pleasures more reiin'd and sweet, The fairest garden in her looks. And in her mind the wisest books: Oh, who would change these soft yet solid joys For empty shows and senseless noise And all which rank ambition breeds. Which seem su-h beauteous flowers, and are such pois'nons weeds." ic. Coivhij's Garden. Evelyn, John, 1654-55-1698, 3d son of the preced- ing, educated at Trin. Coll.. Camb., was in 1690 made one of the chief clerks of the Treasury, and in 1691 w:is elected a commissioner of the revenue in Ireland. 1. Trans, of Kenatus Rapinus's Latin verses, Of Gardens, 1673, Svo. 2. Trans of Plutarch's Life of Alexander the Great; in vol. iv. of Plutarch's Lives, by several hands. 3. Hist, of two Grand Visiers, Ac, 1677, Svo. A trans, from the French. See Dryden's Miscellanies, and Nichols's Collection, for some of his poems. Ever, Sampson. See Ever. Eveiard of >Vinchester, temp. Stephen, wrote a metrical trans, in Anglo-Norman of the Distirhn of Dio- nysius Cato. Ilelys of AVinchester appears to have bor- rowed largely from this trans, in his own version of the Disticha, now in MS. in the British Museum. See Le Llvre 1 des Proverbes Franj ais^ par Le Roux de Lincy, Paris, 1842, EVE EVE 12rao. Tome Second, pp. 359-375. Everard's Trans, of the Distichs (A Cato. Several other productions are as- cribed to Everard. See AVright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Everard. Levellers of England, Lon.. 1()4S», 4to. Everard, Dr. Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus his Divine Pnmander, trans, out of the original into English, Lon., 1657. 24rno. Everard, Edmund, sometime under-secretary to the French King. 1. Discourses on the Present State of the Protestant Princes of Europe, Lon., 1679, ful. 2. The great pressures and grievances of the Protestants in France, 16S1, fol. Everard, Edward, D.D. Preparatory Latin Gram- mar, Lon., 1843: new ed., 1849, 12mo. "It is admirably adapted for the purpi^se, and has our Tvarmest recommendations." — Plymouth {Eng.) Herald. Serm., 1844, 8vo. Everard, Giles. Panacea. Lon., 1659, 8vo. Everard, John. Britanno-Romanvs, sive Anglige- narvm in Collegio llnmano Vitae Ratio, Lon., 1611, 8vo. Everard, John, D.D., a Calvinist divine, temji. Charles I. Some Gospel Treasures. Lon., 1653, 8vo. Everard, Thomas. Stereometry. Lon., lfiS4. 12mo. Everard, W. Mercantile Book-keeping. Lon., 1075. Everardt, Job. Stenographia, Lon., 1658, 8vo. Everest, Rev. Charles W., formerly of Meriden, Connecticut, has pub. a number of poetical and other works. 1. Babylon ; a Puem. 2. Hare Bell. 3. iMuss Rose. 4. The Memento. 5. The Snow Drop. 6. The Poets of Con- nectieuL 7. Vision of Death, and other Poems. We may cite his poem entitled Agriculture, as a beautiful picture of the pleasures of a country life. Since 1842, Mr. Everest has given nothing to the press. He now has charge of the Rectory School at Hamden, Connecticut. Everett, Alexander Hill, 179a-!S47, a native of Boston, Massachusetts, was a son of the Rev. Oliver Eve- rett, and a descendant of Richard Everett, whose name appears in the public records of Dcdham, Massachusetts, for the year 1630. Alexander was born in Boston on the 19th of March. 1790. and entered Harvard College in the 13th year of his age. In 1806 he graduated with the highest honours ; and, after a year's experience as a teacher in the Phillips Exeter Academy, commenced the study of law in the office of John Quiucy Adams, in Boston. In 1809 he accompanied Mr. Adiinis on his mission to Russia, and resided at St. Petersburg and London until 1812. Returning to the United States on the declaration of war against Great Britain, he commenced the profession of the law at Boston, but was soon induced to accept the office of secretary of legation to the Netherlands. On the re- tirement of Mr. Eustis from that mission, in 181S, Mr. Everett succeeded him as charge d'aflfaires, and retained this post until 1824. In this year he returned to the United States on leave of absence, and in the spring of 1825 was appointed by President Adams minister to Spain. In 1829 he returned to the United States, and became proprietor and editor of the North American Review, (1830-35,) to which he had. during the editorship of his brother Edward, been one of the most valuable contributors. From 1830 to 1835, Mr. Everett occupied a seat in the legislature of Massachusetts, and during these years and a few following, gave much of his time and thoughts to state and national politics. In the winter of 1840 he resided as a confidential agent of the U. S. Government in the Island of Cuba, and whilst there was appointed President of Jefferson College, Louisiana. He entered upon the responsible duties of this post in June, 1841, but was soon obliged, by failing health, to return to New England. Upon the return of Mr. Caleb Cushing from his mission to China, Mr. Everett was appointed minister plenipo- tentiary to that empire, and sailed for Canton July 4th, 1845. A severe attack of illness detained him for some time at Rio Janeiro; and, hopeless of amendment, he re- turned home ; but in the summer of 1846 he was sufficiently recovered to allow of a second attempt to reach his desti- nation. Arrived at Canton, it soon became evident that his physical powers wore too much prostrated to allow of any reasonable hope of restoration, and he closed his eyes in a strange land, June 2S(h. 1847. For the above facts, and for the annexed lists of Mr. Everett's contributions to various periodicals, &c., we are indebted to Griswold's Prose Writers of America. Mr. Everett's first published compositions appeared in The Monthly Anthology, the vehicle of communication with the public of the Anthology Club of Boston, consist- ing of George Tickuor. William Tudor, Drs. Bigelow and Gardener. Alexander H. Everett, and Rev. Messrs. Buck- S68 minster. Thucher, and Emerson. The Monthly Antho- logy, established by Phineas Adams, was pub. from 1803 to 1811. The following list of Mr. Everett's publications presents a very remarkable instance of versatility of talent and en- larged range of erudition. Politics and belles-lettres, political economy and poetry, statistics and aesthetics — sub- jects the least allied in character or criteria — alternately passed under the review of the " pen of the ready writer." 1. Europe; or, A General Survey of the Political Situa- tion of the Principal Powers, witli Conjectures on their Future Prospects, London and Boston, 1822, 8vo. Trans- lated into German, French, and Spanish. The German version was edited by Professor Jacobi, of the University of Halle. Mr. Everett devotes the first chapter of his work to an explanation of the origin of the controversy between God- win and Malthus. In the following lines he lays down a position which opens at once a wide field of debate: "It is. in Cict, somewhat singular, that while the immediate object of Godwin was to demonstrate the expediency of practif;il reform, and that of Mr. Malthus to prove its inutility, the theorits of both thfse writers admit, on general grounds, of pret-isely the same answer. While Godwin considtMS politioal institutions as absolutely mischievous, Malthus affiims that they are completely indifferent. The true answer to both is, that they are neither mischievous nor indilTerent, but extremely valuable; that the origin of evil is not to be found in the existence of society — not in any supposed law of nature, which creates a necessity of perpetual famine — but in the primary constitution of the universe." In tho eleventh chapter the political economist will find the author's explanation of the manner in which the state of civilization atiects the rate of wages, and of the fact that the individual producer is not always remunerated in pro- portion to the increased wealth of the community. He attacks the theory of Malthus as totally untenable, and labours to prove that the increase of population is in truth a princii>le not of scarcity, but of abundance. A re- view of this work by an eminent critic — Jared Sparks, LL.D. — will be found in the N. American Review, xvii. 288-310. 2. New Ideas on Population, with Remarks on the Theo- ries of Godwin and Malthus, London and Boston, 1822 See Mr. E.'s correspondence upon the subject of political economy with Professor George Tucker, of the University of Virginia, pub. in 1845. 3. America; or, A general Sur vey of the Political Situation of the several Powers of the Western Continent, with Conjectures on their future Pros- pects, by a citizen of the United States, Phila., 1827, Svoj Lon., 1828, 8vo. " The appearance of this work has been expected with no incon- siderable degree of interest. It was generally supposed that a volume from the pen of the author of 'Europe.' whatever other qualities it might possess, could scarcely fail of being an ingenious and elegant production; and this expectation has been amply verified in the present instance. We believe that this work will be generally considered as a valuable accession to American lite- rature; and it is by no means necessary, in order to appreciate its merits in this respect, to coincide iu all the opinions and views which it contains. . . . The style in which the work is written would alone warrant us in placing it, as a liteiary production, in the highest rank of English classics. It is a style equally free from the nieretiiiious ornament so prevalent in our own country, and from 111.' cMllinjuial roughness which distinguishes many of the aMist Itiili^li aufhoisof the present time. . . . To our author and to Wasbiiigtnii living we are indeltted for two of the most success- ful elfnrts which have been made in the present century to revive the Attic elegance which distinguished the best writers of the days of Addison." — A'uvtfi AmL'rica7i lievieto. "This essay, however ohjectionable it may be to an Englishman in several respects, is marked by ability of the very first order. 8ince the puMication of those admirable Dissertations which were collected in T/ie Federalist, we have not seen any political compo- sition from the pen of an American that can at all be compan'd with this. The style is idiomatic and thoroughly English, foinud in our best school. We are often compelled to admire the beauty of the periods when we are most disposed to differ from the senti- ments which they convey." — Lmi. Moiithly Hfvierv. 4. Critical and Miscellaneous Essays. Scries First, Bost., 1S45, 12mo. 5. Series Second, 1847, 12mo. G. Poems, 1845, 8vo. To Sparks's American Biography, Mr. Everett con- tributed tho Liic of Joseph Warren, in 1st Series, x. 91, and the Life of Patrick Henry, in 2d Series, i. 207. Mr. Everett's principal contributions to the North Ameri- can Review are on the following subjects: 1. French Dra- matic Literature. 2. Louis Bonaparte. 3. Private Life of Voltaire. 4. Literature of the 18th Century. 5. Dialogue on Representative Government, between Dr. Franklin and President Montesquieu. 6. Bernardin de St. Pierre. 7. Madame de Stacl. 8. J. J. Rousseau. 9. Mirabeau. 10. Schiller. 11. Chinese Grammar. 12. Cicero on Govern- ment. 13. Memoirs of Madame Camimn. 14. Dcgerando's History of Philosophy. 15. Lord Byron. EVE EVE The following were written whilst in Spain : 16. McCulIoch's Politifiil Economy. 17. Authorship of Gil Bins. 18. Baron de t^tael's Letters on Englami. 19. Paraguay. 20. The Art of Being Happy. 21. Politics of Europe. 22. Chinese Manners. 2^. Irving's Columbus. 24. Definitions in Political Economy, by Malthus. 25. Cousin's Intellectual Philosophy. 26. Canova. The following were written whilst editor and proprietor of the Review : 27. British Opinions on the Protecting System. 28. Politics of Europe. 29. Tone of British Criticism. 30. Stewart's Moral Philosophy. 31. The American System. 32. Life of Henry Clay. 33. Life and Writings of Sir James Mackintosh. 34. Irving's Alliambra. 35. XuUifi- cation, 36. The Union and the States. 37. Hamilton's Men and Manners in America. 38. Early Literature of Modern Europe. 39. Early Literature of France. 40. Progress and Limits of Social Improvement. 41. Origin and Character of the Old Parties. 42. Character of Jeffer- son. 43. Dr. Channing. 44. Thomas Carlyle. His principal contributions to the Democratic Review are the following: 1. The Spectre Bridegroom, from Burger. 2. The "Water King; a Legend of the Xorse. 3. The Grecian Gossips, imitated from Theocritus. 4. The Worth of Woman, from Schiller. 5. Enigma. 6 and 7. The Kramers of the Con- stitution. 8. Mrs. Sigoumey. 9, Sketch of Harro Bar- ring. 10. The Texas Question. 11. The Re-annexation of Texas. 12. Contemporary Spanish Poetry. 13. Green- ough's Statue of Washington. 14, The Young American. 15. The Malthusian Theory discussed in Letters to Pro- fessor George Tucker, of the University of Virginia. 16. The Portress : a Ballad. 17. The Funeral of Goethe, from Harro Harring. The contributions to the Boston Quarterly Review were chiefly, if not altogether, devoted to an exposition of the questions connected with currency. Among Mr. Everett's published orations are the following: 1. On the Progress and Limits of the Improvement of Society. 2. The French Revolution. 3. The Constitution of the United States. 4. State of Polite Literature in England and the United States. 5. Moral Character of the Literature of the last and present century. 6. Literary Character of the Scrip- tures. 7. Progress of Moral Science. 8. Discovery of America by the Northmen. 9. German Literature. 10. Bat- tle of New Orleans. 11. Battle of Bunker Hill. Everett, David, d. 1813. aged 44, editor of Boston Patriot, and subsequently of The Pilot, was a native of Princeton, Massachusetts, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795. 1. Common Sense in Dishabille, or The Farmer's Monitor, 1799. 2. Daranzel; a Tragedy, 1800. 3. Political Essays in the Boston Gazette, over the signa- ture of .Junius Araericanus. Everett, Edward, one of the most distinguished ora- tors and scholars of modern times, born 1794, in Dorches- ter, near Boston, Massachusetts, is a younger brother of Ai.kxaSderH. Evkrett: see ante. He entered Harvard College at the age of 13, and graduated with distinguished credit in 1811. After two years of preparatory study in the divinity school in Cambridge, he was at the early age of 19 chosen to succeed the eloquent Buckminster, by whose death the pulpit of the Brattle Street Church had been left vacant. As a pulpit orator Mr. Everett soon attained that distinction which he has invariably acquired iu every de- partment of life which he has successively occupied. An extract from a letter of the late Judge Story will prove interesting in this connexion. The writer refers to a cele- brated sermon of Mr. Everett, entitled " Brethren, the time is short," delivered in the capitol at Washington, in Febru- ary, 1820: "The sermon was truly splendid, and was heard with a breath- It'Ss silynce. The audiyuce was verj- larce; and. beinp in thiit magnificent apartment of the House of RejtlL'St.-nt.Ttivt-s. it had vast effect. I saw Mr. Kintr, of New York, and Mr. Otis, of Massachu- setts, there. They were both very much affected with Mr. Everett's sermon; and Mr. Otis, in particular, wept bitterly. There were gome very touching appeals to our most delicate feeliups. on the loss ofourfrifuds. ludeed. Mr. Everett w.is almost universallv admired, as the most eloquent of preachers. Mr. King told me he never heard a discourse so full of unction, eloquence, and pood taste." The following tributes from the same distinguished au- thority may perhaps be properly quoted in this place: '•I thank you most sincerely for "the hi.,'h pleasure and instruc- tion you have given me in this number ofthe[X. American] Review, I agree with you as to Mr. Tudor *s book, and you have almost per- suaded me you are right as to the Indians. If you continue to write thus powerfully, in such a strain of manly, vigorous sense, with such glowing elon:tlt its silency to bid you welcome to his own roof. But the |_'r;iieriil .liildi'en of America will bid you welcome to our shores! :uii.i whilheisuever your course shall take you. throughout the limits of the contineut. the ear that hears you shall bless you, the eye that sees ynu shall give witness to you. and every tongue exclaim, with heartfelt joy. 'Welcome! welcome. L.i Fayette!'" | A review of thi.s oratiou, and of one delivered at Ply- mouih in December of the same year, will be found in the North American Review fur April, 183o. To recommend its perusal to the reader, nothing nmre need be said than to give the name of its author — Jared Spark.s. Mr. Eve- j rett's successor in the presidency of Harvard College. We quote a few lines from the conclusion : "Pi'ofessor Everett's recapitulatory remark.s and clasiuE; reflec- tions are uttered in a style of uncommon brilliancy and richness; they inculcate lofty and animating sentiments, and constitute altogether a rai'e specimen of elot^uence and fine writing.' Perhaps one of the best reviews of Mr. Everett's Ora- tions is that by Prof. E. Laboulaye. of the College of France, in the Journal des D6bats, Oi-t. 6, lS5li. We re- , gret tliat we can find room for a brief extract only: ! '"11 est curieux de suivre la vie publique dun tel homme, et c'est ce qu'il est aise de I'aire dans les deux v< lumes que nous avons sous les yeux. 11 n'y a I^ ni ses teuvres litteraires ni ses harangues politiques, mais seulement les discoiirs que depuis trente ansa prononces M. Kverett chaque fois qu'il s'est trouve en rapport; avec ses concitoyens. Les sujets sont naturellement tr&s varies, | la pensee y est toujours la meme; tout s'y reduit k un seul point, ; leducation intellectuelle. morale, patriotique, du peuple. L'unit6 j est dans la pamle commo elle est dans la vie de Tauteur." I An eloquent review of Mr. Everett's orations, by Pro- fessor Felton, will be found in the N. American Keview i for October, ISoO, and an admirable analysis of his mental ' characteristics and oratorical style, by a distinguished critic, himself an orator of renown, occurs in the same periodical fur January, 1837. We give a brief extract from the latter: " The great charm of Mr. Everett's orations consists not so much, in any single and sti-ougly-developed intellectual trait as in that symmetry and finish which, on every page, give token of the richly-endowed and thorough scholar. The natural movements of his mind are full of grace; and the most inditTerent sentence which falls from his peu has that simple elegance which it is as difficult to define as it is easy to perceive, llis level passage6 are never tame, and his fine ones are never superfine. His stvle. with matchless Hexit'ility, rises and falls with his subject, and is alter- nately easy, vivid, elevated, ornamented, or picturesque; adapting itself to the dominant mood of the mind, as an instrument re- sponds to the touch of a master's hand. His knowledge is so extensive, and the field of his allusions so wide, that the most familiar views, in passing through his hands, gather such a halo of luminous illustrrtiions. that their likeness seem« transti^rmed.and weentertain d.ivilitsofth.'ir identity."— Georoe Stiixman Hillard. Mr. Tuckerman also notices this remarkable power of adaptation to subjects the most incongruous, which Mr. Everett's mind exhibits in so eminent a degree: " If Webster is the Michael Angelo of American oratory, Everett is the Itaphael. In the former's definitiou of eloquence, he recog- nises its latent existence in the occasion as well as in the man and in the subject. His own oratory is remarkable for grasping the bold and essential; for developing, as it were, the anatomical basis ^the very sinews and nerves of his subject — while Everett in- stinctively catches and unfolds the grace of occasion, whatever it he; in his mind the sense of beauty is vivid, and nothing is more surprising in his oratory than the ease and facility with which he seizes upon the redeeming associations of every topic, however far removed it may he from the legitimate domain of taste or scholar- ship." — Characteristics of Literature; second series; The Orator: Everett. The introduction of the name of Daniel Webster gives us an opportunity of presenting a sketch, drawn by this eminent statesman, of the services and character of the subject of our notice: " We all rememt>er him, — some of us personally, — myself, cer- tainly, with iireat interest, in his deliberations in the Congress of the Vnited States, to which he brought such a degree of learning, and ability, and eloquence, as few equalled, and none surpassed. He administered, afterwards, satisfactorily to his fellow-citizens, the duties of the chair of the commonwealth. He then, to the great advantage of his country, went abroad. He was deputed to represent his government at the most important court of Europe: and he carried thither many qualities, most of them essential, and all of them ornamental and useful, to fill that hiu'h station. He bad education and scholarship. lie had a reputation at home and abroad. More than all. he had an acquaintance with the pnlitics of the world, with the law of this country and of nati-ins, with the histnry and policy ofthe countries of Europe. And how well these qualities enal^led him to refiect honour upon the literature and character of his native land, not we only, but all the country and all the world, know. He has performed this career, and is yet at such a period ofHfe. that I may venture sumethiii^' npnn the cha- racter and privilege of my countrymen, when I jindict fh.it those who have known him long and know him now, those who have seen him and see him now, those who have heard him and hear him n"W. are very likely to think that his country has demauds upon him for future efforts in its service." — Spifch of Duni-i W-bster at the first Annivrrsary Meetimj"/ the NorfoJJ; Atjy'icidtural S'ciety. It is pleasing to know that the friendly, almost fraternal, relations which united the hearts of these two distinguished patriots were never disturbed by misunderstandings, nor chilled by estrangements. To this gratifying truth we have the annexed touching testimony. It occurs in a letter from Mr. M'ebster to Mr. Everett, written but about three months before the decease of the former; "We now and then see stretching across the heavens a clear, blue, cerulean sky, without cloud, or mist, or haze. And such appears to me our .icquaintance, from the time when I heard ynu for a week recite your lessons in the little schoolhouse in ^hurt Street to the date hereof [l^lst July, ISJli."] Referring to Mr. Webster's hopes of future patriotic efforts upon the part of the subject of this eulogium, we may be permitted to say that undoubtedly the best service that Mr. Everett can confer upon his country is the pro- duction of a great work upon some broad question, with which the interests of humanity arc sufficiently connected to insure the preservation of the fame and usefulness of the author, with the vitality cd' the subject. AVe are pleased, therefore, that Mr. Everett has selected the Law of Nations as the topic of the treatise which he is now be- lieved to have in course of preparation. But we cannot withhold the expression of our hope that the work will be less restricted in its field than the author leads us to infer, when he informs us that it will have especial reference '■To those questions v^hich have been discussed between the governments of the United States and Europe since the peace of The commentaries of so able and luminous an expositor upon the text, original and collected, of (irotius, Puffendorf, Burlamaqui. Klul>er, Ileincccius, Fulbeck, Selden, Luc- chesi-Palii, and Masse, would make even the laymati in love with learning which, to his great loss, he often re- grets as "beyond his line and measure." We must con- fess that we are altogether unwilling to resign to tlie eru- dite gentlemen of the long robe all the intellectual pleasure and improvement arising from the investigation of the principles of " the perfection of reasoning," as the law has — rather ambitiously, perhaps — been styled. Although a laic, we have found the philosophy of Jurisprudence well worthy of the " Second Brother's" commendation of philo- sophy in general, in that "Perpetual feast of nectar'd sweets," — the Masque of Comus. But to return to Mr. Everett's projected work: we con- fess that wc hope with trembling, when we remember the many instances in which the great intellectual architects of our race have razed the half-built edifice to the ground, or refused to finish its proportions, from a despair of equal- ling an ideal model, from which the severity of an e.xqui- sitely-refined judgment would tolerate no defalcation. Much is thus forever lost to the world, which wouM have gladly profited by that which has been mistakenly with- held. Such severe judges of their own labours must con- sider not only what their works lack of perfection, but to how great an extent the minds of many of their prospective readers are deficient of even rudimental knowledge, and the perception of first principles. To provide for such, whilst not forgetful of the more advanced, — to call in the pour and the destitute, who cau make no recompense, as well as to bid those who can summon in return to the intellectual feast,— may nut be so gratifying to ambition, but it fulfils charity, and is re- commended by the highest sanction. On imposing convocations, indeed, Jupiter entertained the gods with ambrosia; but the Diovis Pater knew also how to prepare a feast suited to the humbler appetites of mortals. But if there be, indeed — though we are persuaded better things — any well-grounded apprehension that the world is never to behold the noble superstructure which Mr. Everett has long been erecting upon the sure founda- tion of his deep and solid erudition, then we shall feel jus- tified in invoking the aid of a potent champion on behalf of a cause in which the interests of society, the science of legislation, and the moral and intellectual improvement of millions, are so deeply concerned. Surely such an ap- peal as the following — an appeal so eloquent, and from an authority always so venerable, and now sanctified by the seal ofthe tomb — shall not prove in vain: "You have, I trust, many years before you of health and labour. What I desire is. that, in addition to the many beautiful ay exquisitely beau t if lil— specimens of your genius which we have had upon occasional topics, you would now meditate some great work for posterity, which shall make you known and felt through all time as we, your contemporaries, now know and esteem you 571 EVE EYR This should be the crovrninj; future purpose of your life. Sat vr- hum sajjieufi. If I should live to see it, I should h;ul it with the highest pleasure. If I am dead, pray renieuilier that it was one of the thoughts which clung most closely to me to the very last." ~~Jiidge Sfiiry to Hon. Eciicard Everett, Cumhridge, May Si), ihiO. gee Lift- and Letters of Judge iStory, ii. 3o3. Everett, Erastus. A System of English Versifica- tion, N. York, 184S, 12mo. "This treatise, which we have examined with some care and pains, will be found highly useful to those who desire to become aciiuaiiitt-'d with the l;i\vs of KiiL'lish versification." Everett, Georgre. The Pathway to Peace and Profit, or, Truth in its Plain Dress. Lou., 1694, 4to. Encourage- ment for Seamen and Mariners, 1695, 4to. ' Everett, James. See Holl.\np. Johx. \ Everett, John, a famous highwayman, the terror of | benighted travellers on Ilounslow Heath, was executed at Tyhurn, February 2(1, 1729-30. "Whilst awaiting death, he wrote an autobiography entitled A genuine Narrative of the memorable Life and Actions of John Everett, &c., Lon., IT^jO. a notice of this curious work, accompanied ■with extracts, will bo found in the London Ketrospective Review, vi. 237, 1S22. "Perhaps future ages may render classical the deeds of those younger sons of good families who, induced by necessity rather than choi»:e. ' took to the roatT in search of money and adventure." — Ubi supra. Evershed, >Vm. Sub. of 2 Discourses, 1780, 8vo. Eves, Mrs, 1. The Grammatical Plaything, ISOO, 8vo. 2. Scripture made Easy, 1S09, 8vo. Eves, Georfje. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1G61, 4to. Euart, John, M.D. Cancer, Bath, 1794, Svo. Ewart, Rev. John. Lectures on Psalms, Lon., 1822- 26. 3 vols. Svo. " Pleasing, moral, and pious." — Lotvnde^s BHi. Lib. Ewbank, George. Serm., 1661, 4to. Ewbank, Thomas, United States Commissioner on Patents, was born in the tower of Barnard Castle, in the ; north of England, in 1792. Descriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic and other machines for raising Water, Ancient and Modern; including the progressive development of the Steam Engine, New York, 1842, Svo; 2d ed., 1849, Svo. "It is full of tlie gossip of the art: it is just such a book as any amateur of mechanics would allow to be open on his table for the purpose of passing the little fragments of his time iu occupation of a light and useful (ioscriptitm." — Lnn. AtJien. The World a Workshop. N.Y., 1855. 13mo. Life in Brazil, illustrated, N.Y.. 1855. Svo. Thoughts on Matter and Force. N. York, 1858. See Lon. Athen.. 1858, Pt. 2, 199. Reminiscences in the Patent-Office and of Scenes and Things in Washington. 1858. In preparation. Ewen, James. Ovid's Heroids, Lon., 1787, Svo. Ewen, W. >I. 1. Grace and Truth, Edin., 1763, 12mo. 2. Essays, Doctrinal and Practical, 1767, 2 vols. 12mo. Ewer, John, Bishop of Llandaff, consecrated, 1761. Serm. on Prov. xxi. 31, 1762, 4to; on Heb. xiii. 16, 1766, 4to ; on Rom. x. 14, 1707, 4to. Ewes, Sir Symonds U'. See D'Ewes. Ewing, A. Serm. on the Church, Forres, 12mo. Ewing, Alexander, or Archibald, teacher of Ma- thematics, d. 1804, at Edinburgh. 1. Mathematics, Lon., 1772, '99, Svo. 2. Arithmetic, 1773, 12mo. 3. Astronomy, Edin., 1797, Svo. Ewing, Alexander, M.D. Ohserv. on the Harverian Doctrine, in Reply to George Kerr, Lon., 1817, 12mo. Ewiiig, Greville, 1767-1841, a native of Edinburgh, and a minister of the Kirk of Scotland. 1. Serm., Lon., 1797, Svo. 2. Remarks on Dick's Serm., 1801. 3. Greek Grammar, and Greek and Eng. Lexicon, Edin., 1802, Svoj Glasg., 1812, Svo ; Glasg. and Lon., 1827, Svo. See notices in Orme's Bibl. Bib., Home's Bibl. Bib., and Brit. Critic. 4. Gov't, &c. of the Church of Christ, Glasg., 1S07, 12mo. 5. Essays addressed to Jews, Lon., 1809, '10, 2 vols. 12mo. '■They display particularly a very accurate acquaintance with the old Testament Scriptures, and place many passages iu a new and often interestinir liiiht." — Orme's Bibl. Bib. 6. An Essay on Baptism. Glasg., 1823, '24, 12mo. See Mem. of GreviUe Ewing, by his daughter, 1843, Svo. Ewing, James. Report to the Directors of the Glasg. Hosp. rel. to the City Poor, Glasg., ISIS. " An able, well-written, and interesting report." — McCuttocWs Lit. of B>lit. Ec/>n. Report of a Com. on the Burgess Oath, 1S19, Svo. Ewing, James. Justice of the Peace, ^c. in N. Jer- sey. New ed., by a mcmlier of the Bar, N. Y., 1848, Svo. Ewing, John, D.D., 1732-1802. a native of East Not- tingham, JIaryland. graduated at Princeton College, 1752; Minister of the First Presbyterian Church, Phila., 1758- 1802; Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 1779- 1S02. Account of the Transit of Venus over the Sun: 572 Trans. Amcr. Soc. i. 39. Godfrey's Quadrant, ib. iv. 126. Serm. on the death of George Bryan, 1791. Serm. in Amer. Preacher, ii. Lectures on Nat. Philosophy, 1809. " His qu;iliti cat ions as a minister of the Gospel were many and eminent. Science was with him a handmaid to religion. He wr.s mi^'hty in the Scriptures." See Linn"s Funl. Serm.; Assembly's Miss. Mag.; Miller, ii. 372; Holmes, ii. 4il; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. Ewing, Capt, Peter, The Soldier's Opera, 1792, Svo. Ewing, Thomas, teacher in Edinburgh. 1. The Eng- lish Learner, Lon., 1815; 14th ed., 1849, 12mo. 2. Prin- ciples of Elocution, revised by T. B. Calvert, 30th ed., Lon., 1S52. 12mo. '• Its materials are gathered with a tasteful hand from every pe- riod of our literature.-' — Lon. Quar. Jour, of Eilucation. 3. Rhetorical Exercises, 12mo. The three preceding works form a consecutive series. 4. A New System of Geography, 1816; with a new General Atlas, 17th ed., 1849, 12m*o. " We can recommend Mr. Ewing's book to the Geographical stu- dent." — Lfm. Critical Beview. " By far the most elegant and accurate Atlas which we have seen on a similar scale." — Blackwood's Mag. Ewington, H. The Arcana of Short-Hand, 1S05, 12mo. New ed., ISmo. '•This little ^vork is the most perspicuous, concise, and expedi- tious method that has been hitherto proposed, and we are per- suaded that we do students of Short-hand a service, iu recom- mending it to their attention.-' — Artti-Jaoibin Jfa-ieiv. Feb. 1808. Exall, J., a Baptist minister of Tenterden. 1. The Spirit of Inquiry assisted, Tenterden, 12mo. 2. Brief Cal- vinistic conclusions on the attributes of God. &c., 1824, Svo. Exall, Joseph. Serm., Prov. xiii. 16, Tenterden, Svo, Exall, Joshna. Infant Baptism, Lon-.. 1693, 4to. Exton, Brudenot,M.D. Midwifery, Lon., 1751, Svo. Exton, John, LL.D., Judge of the Admiralty. Mari- time Discxnlngie; or Sea Jurisdiction in England, in three books, Lon.. 1B64, fol. ; 2d ed., 1746; 3d ed.. 1755. Svo. Exton, Richard Brudenell, Rector of Athelington. 1. Bishop Hall's Sacred Aphorisms, Lon., 1823, 12mo. 2. Sixty Lectures on the Psalms of the M. and E. Service, 1847, 12mo. *'The Lectures are eloquently and piously written; and they constitute an admirable source of family t'dification for the even- ings of the Lord's Day." — C/i. of Emj. Jtp. Serms., 1S05, '07, '10. Serms. on various Sub- ject«, Wellington, 1S15, 2 vols. Svo. Eytoii, 11. W., Kector of Ryton. Antiquities of Shrop- shirc, l*ts. 1 to 4, comprising vol. i., 1854, r. Svo; ii., 1855j iii., and Pts. 1 and 2 of vol. iv., 1856. 'Myhen completed it will be .i book wliich m.iy find a place in every gentleman's library in the country to whichit belongs, with- out the olijectiou of enormous bulb or excessive price." — Lon. Alheua'um. " It is written in that unalToctcd and simple, yet lurid and forci- ble, style, which must recnmiend it to the general historical reader." — iShrnvshitry Chronicl''. Eyton, T. C.' 1. Hist, of the Rarer British Birds, Lon., 1838, 8vo. This forms a Supplement to Bewick's British Birds. 2. Monograph of the Anatidw, or Duck Tribe, Lon., 1838, 4to. 3. Lecture on Artificial Manures, 1844, 8vo. 4. Herd-Book of Hereford Cattle, p. Svo. VoL i., 1846; vol. ii., Pt. 1, 1848; vol. ii., Pt. 2, 1853. "The work contains the lists, pedigrees, and portraits of the most celebrated bulls of that breed, and the prices at wbiuh many of them were sold. It is a very entertaining book to those CQD- nected with Herelbrd cattle.''— iJonaidsOTi's Affricult. Biog. E Faber, Frederick Wm., formerly a clergyman of the Church of England, and now a Priest of the'Oratory, in the Church of Rome. 1. Tracts on the Church and the P. Book, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Serm. on Education, 1840, Svo. 3. Cherwell Water-Lily, and other Poems, Lon., 1840, fp. 8vo. 4. Styrian Lake, and other Poems, 1842, fp. 8vo. 5. Sights and Thoughts in Foreign Churches, and Foreign People, 1842, Svo. 6. Sir L.ancelot, a Poem, 1844, fp. Svo. 7. Rosary, and other Poems, 1845, fp. Svo. 8. Jesus and Mary; or, Catholic Hymns, ISmo. 9. Essay on Beatifica- tion and Canonization, 1848, p. Svo. lO.'Oratory of St. Philip Neri, 1S50, 12mo. 11. Catholic Home Missions, 1851, 12mo. 12. All for .Jesus: 3d ed., 1855. 12mo. Other works. Faber, George Stanley, 1773-1S54, Master of Sherhurn Hospital, and Prebendary of Salisbury, educated at University Coll., O.xf., was elected Fellow and Tutor of Lincoln Coll. before he had re.ached his 21st year. In 1803 he relinquished his fellowship by marriage; after which he acted for two years in the capacity of curate to his fa- ther, the Rev. Thomas Faber, of Calverley, near Bradford, Yorkshire. In 1805 he became vicar o'f Stockton-upon- Tees, three years later vicar of Redmarshall, and in ISU vicar of Longnewton, where he remained for 21 years. For these preferments he was indebted to the friendship of Bishop Barrington. In 1831 Bishop Burgess collated Mr. F.aber to a prebend in Salisbury Cathedral; and in 1832 Bishop Van Mildert gave him the mastership of Slier- burn Hospital, which he retained fur the long term of 22 years— being called to his rest January 27, 1S54, in the Slst year of his age. Mr. Faber's profound erudition, ar- dent piety, and uncompromising advocacy of what he esteemed the truth, rendered him an object of respect and veneration with all classes of his fellow-men. The follow- ing list of his writings exhibits in a striking light the com- prehensive character of his studies. We extract the titles from the London Gentlemen's Magazine for May, 1854, where the reader will find an interesting biographical no- tice of this excellent man and useful writer: 1. Two Sermons, Feb. 10, 1799. 2. An attempt to ex- plain, by recent events. Five of the Seven Vials, Rev. xvii. 1, 1799, Svo. 3. Horaj Mosaica; ; or, A View of the Mo- saical Records : 8 Lectures at the Bampton Lecture, 1801 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1818, 2 vols. Svo. " The leading obj«t of it is to establish the authenticity of the I'entateu.^h, by pointing out the coincidence of its lacts and state- ments with the remains of profane anti^iuity. and their connection with Lbristianity. . . . Whether the Hoiw'.Mosaicie be considered as a work on the evidences of Christianity, or as furnishing illus- trations of various parts of the word of God, its claims are e.iuallv deserving of regard from theChristian student."— Onus's iJiW Bih ' Ihose who liave not the means or leisure to consult the very valuable works of Mr. Bryant, Mr. Maurice, and Sir W. Jones iii this line, will find in these volumes many of the most strikin.' fects brought together, and so arranged as justly to corroborate and conhrm the events recorded in the Pentateu,-h. The refe- rences to other authors are numerous: nor are these confined solely to the ancients. Additional notes and illustrations are to oT'Jc? ""^ ™* °f '"^"^ volume."— Brihs'i Critic, xix., 0. S., pp. O^-. OOfl. ' , , •■ Erudite and evangelical."- Bi'rtcrstett's (7. S. 4. Divine Authority conferred by Episcopal Ordination necessary to a legitimate discharge of the Christian minis- try, a Serm., 1802. 5. A Dissert, on the Mysteries of the Cabyri; or. The great (jods of Phtenicia, kc, 1803, 2 vols. Svo. "This work establishes the justice of the remark made on the author s profound acjuaintance with anti,juitv. In this respect It is second only to the .\ncient .Myth..logy of liryaut, from which It differs on several important points, on which, however, Mr Bry- ant himself changed his mind after the publication of his great wiirk. There are many things, learned and curious, and many things also fanciful, in the 'Mysteries of the Cabyri.'"— Orme'j BM. Bih. 6. Thoughts on the Arminian and Calvinistic Contro- versy, 1803, Svo. 7. Dis.scrtation on the Prophecies that have been fulfilled, are now fulfilling, or will hereafter be fulfilled, relative to the great period of 1200 years, the Papal .and Mahiunedan Aposlacies. the tyrannical reign of Antichrist, or the Infidel Power, .and the Restoration of the Jews, 180C, 2 vols. Svo; 4th ed., 1810: 5th ed., 1814; vol. ill., ISIS. Supplement to the above, 1806, Svo. This work, the author remarks, is superseded by his Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, 1828, 3 vols. Svo. See No. 18. 8. Answer to Bicheuo, 1S07, Svo. 9. View of the Prophecies relating to Judah and Israel, 1S08, 2 vols. Svo. Again, 1809, 2 vols. 8vo. "A very valnalile work." — Bickersifth. 10. Dissert, on the LXX. weeks of Daniel, ISll, Svo. 11. On the Ordinary Oiierations of the Holy Spirit, 1813, Svo; 6th ed., 1846, fp. Svo. " A valuable expi-rimental work." — Bickerafefh. 12. The Origin of Pagan Idolatry, 1816, 3 vols. 4to. ".\n elaborate perfljrmance." — Ornie's Bibl. Bih. 13. Serms. on Various Subjects and Occasions, 1816-20, 2 vols. Svo. "These sermons are evidently the production of no common mind. They comprise many suijects of high importance, and are handled with such force of argument, and such correctness of lan- guage and taste, that few persons will take up the work without giving it an entire perusal."— £.»». Christian Observer. Also highly commended in the British Critic. 14. Serm., Isa. Ix. 1-5 ; the Conversion of the Jews, &«., 1822, Svo. 15. The Genius and Object of the Patriarchal, the Levitical, and the Christian Dispensations, 1823, 2 vols. Svo. " This partakes strongly of all the ch.iracteristics of Mr. Faber's writings— strong, masculine sense, extensive classical erudition, and a hearty love of hypothesis. There is a great deal said in these volumes that r>iud be true, much that may be true, though not proved to be so. and many things that we believe not to be true. He combats Bishop Warburton very successfully." — Orm^s Bill!. Bih. 16. The DiCBculties of Infidelity, 1824, Svo. '■ A masterly and powerfully-written treatise, the purpose of which is to show, not only that Infidelity has its own proper dilfl- cullies as well as Christianity, but that those difficulties are in- comparably greater and more formidable." " Falier's works are full of research and valuable matter: he is an original and pious writer." — BicWrstetfi. 17. The Difficulties of Romanism, 1826, Svo. 18. Sup- plement to ditto, 1828, Svo: 2d ed., 1830, Svo; 3d ed.,1853, Svo. Trans, into French and Italian. An Answer to this was written by J. F. M. Trevern, Bishop of Strasbourg, trans, by the Rev. F. C. Ilusenbeth, and pub. in Lon., 1828, Svo. Faber replied in his Supplement, and Mr Husenbeth pub. several treatises upon the subject. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 19. Original Expbatory !5.acrifice, 1827, Svo. 20. The Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, 1828, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1844, 3 vols. 12mo. " Worthy of careful study. It throws much light on the pre- dictions of the Book of Daniel." — Bickerstetii. "Mr. Faber h.as endeavoured to combine together the various prophecies both of the Old and New Testament, wbiih treat of the grand double periud of .seven times: a period coinciding with those times of the (ientiles, which are styled, by Jlr. Jlcde, 'The Sacred Calendar of Prophecy.' In the present more extensive work, the author has rectified various errors in his preceding pul>- lications on prophecy." — Hornets Bibl. Bib. See an analysis of this work in British Critic, AprU, 673 FAB 1S33. 21. Letters on the Catholic Question, 1829, 8vo. 22. Answer to Mr. Ilusenbeth, 1829, 8vo. See Nos. 17 and 18. 23. Four Letters on Catholic Emancipation, (1829,) 8vo. 24. The Fruits of Infidelity contrasted with the Fruits of Christianity, 1S31, 12mo. 25. Assize Serm., 1832, 8vo. 26. The Apostolicity of Trinitarianism, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. 27. Recapitulated Apostacy the only Ration- ale of the concealed Apocalyptic name of the Roman Em- pire. 1833, 12mo. ■• Falier lirin','s arguments to show that aTTOtrTarn? is the name inteudvil by St. John, and its number mGr—Lown<(<\-i's Brit. Lib. 28. The Primitive Doctrine of Election, 183(5, 8vo; 2d ed., 18-12, Svo. "AVe do not hesitate to express our opinion that this will be found the most useful of all Mr. Faber's writings."— i«n. Christian RemembraJicer. '• A laborious and learned work." — BriU'xh Critic. ' Mr. Faber verifies his opinions by demonstration. We cannot FAI 1516. fol.; 2d. printed by W.Rastell, 1553. 2 vols, fol.: 3d, printed by Wm. Bonham, 1542, 2 vols. fol. ; 4th, printed by John Kyngton, 1559, 2 vols, fol.; 5th, with a biocrra- phical and literary Preface, and an Index by Henry Ellis, 1811. r. 4to. This is from Pynson's ed., collated with the other eds., and a MS. of the author's own time, including the different continuations. '• The tirst post in the sixteenth century is due to Robert Fabian, an eminent merchant, and sometimeSberiff of London. Both Dal© and Pits subdivide his historical writings into a threat many seve- ral treatises; but, I presume, what they call his Ilistorarium Con- cordantiieisthe sum of all. . . . Ileis very particular in the affairs of London, many good things beinj: noted l.y him, whiih concern the government of that great city, hardly to be had elsewhere.'' — Bishop Niailsfm's Eng. Hist. Lib. "Our author's transitions from verse to prose, in the coursfi of a prolix narrative, seem to be made with much ease. and. ^hi-n be begins to versify, the historian disappears only l,>y the addition of rhyme and stanza. . . . As an historian, our author is the dull * oav it hi"her respect than by recommending it to all."— CAiircft of compilers. He is etiuallv attentive to the succession of the ^ .• ,, .r ,. "^ ■ I n.»^^.c ^e t /^r..i>^n a .. H i\f tha innii..! ri.lis of F.n»rl,.>nn : ant! seems of K'i'j. ^. 10, 1814. See Lockhart's Life of Scott. Falconer, Thomas, 1736-1792, a learned layman, a native and resident of Chester, England. 1. Devotions for the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 1786, anon. Many eds 2 Chronological Tables from Solomon to the death of Alexander the Great, Oxf., 1796, 4to. See strictures on this work in Rev. Robert Walker's Historical Time, Lon., 1798, 8vo. 3. Strabouis Geographia. 6r. et Lat. This was left unfinished, but was completed and pub. by Mr. F.'s nephew. Rev. Thomas Falconer. " It has been said that this edition, so long in preparation, dis- appointed the expectations of the learned. Whatever be the fact, it is vet considered as the most valuable and ample edition of Ptrabo, and copies are not to be procured under the sum ol five or six guineas."— /'i6t/i>i'.< Inlroduc. In Gr. and Lat. Classics. 4. Observ. on Pliny's Account of the Temple of Diana at Ephesus; in Archa'ol., vol. xi. Falconer, Rev. Thomas, d. 1839, nephew of the preceding. 1. The Voyage of Hanno, trans., &c., 0x1., 1797, 8vo. 2. Remarks on Bryant on the War of Troy, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 3. Strabonis, see ante. 4. Certain Prin- ciples in Ev.anson's Dissonance of the Evangelists, ex- amined in 8 discourses, preached ISIO, at the Bampton Lecture, Oxf., 1 81 l,8vo; Appendix, 1822,.Svo. Other works. " To sav that he has vanquished Evanson is to give but too little oraise. We set forth the volume as a magazine Irom which the warrior in the cause of truth m.ay fill his quiver."— £iim. Clinstiaa "Valconer, Thomas. On the Discovery of the Mis- sissippi, Lon., 1S44, 12mo. See Rich's Bibl. Amor. Nova, ""Falconer, Thomas, and E. H. Fitzherbert. Reports of controverted Elections determined in H. C, Lon.. 1839, Svo. ,. -„,. Falconer, William, 1730-1769, the son of an Edm- bur<'h barber, at a very early ago became a sailor boy on board a Leith merchantman. When in his 18th year, he was wrecked in the Britannia off Cape Colonna, only three of the crew being saved; and in 1760 suHered a second shipwreck in the Ramilies, when of 734 souls only 26 escaped. In 1751 he pub. a Poem on the death of Frede- rick Prince of Wales. This sooms to have excited but little attention. But eleven years later be gave evidence of the possession of remarkable poetical powers by the publicaticm of The Shipwreck, (subsequently enlarged and improved,) dedicated to the Duke of York. His royal highness acknowledged the compliment of the dedication 676 FAL by having the poet appointed a midshipman. After acting in this capacity, and that of purser, for some time, he re- tired to the enjoyment of domestic life, having married a Miss Hicks, daughter of the surgeon of Sheerncss Yard. He now pub. an Ode on the Duke of York's second depart- ure fr.mi England, as Rear-Admiral, and The Demagogue, a satire on Lord Chatham, Wilkes, and Churchill. In 1769 be gave to the world A Universal Dictionary of the Marine, 4to, 1771, '811, '84, '89. New and enlarged ed. by Dr. Wm. Burney, 1815, r. 4to. •• A grand National work, comprehending every thing relating to the Marine of this country : a performance which displays great industry, sagacity, and precision, and is indispensable to every ona concerned iu maritime affairs. It is well worthy a place in every English library."- iwi. Gent. Mat/. About this time he is said to have received proposals from John Murray, afterwards the eminent publisher, to enter into the book business. But the ofler of the purser- I ship to the Aurora, about to sail to India, no doubt revived all the sailor's love of the sea, and Falconer sailed in thi3 vessel from England, Sept. 30, 1769. She is known to have touched at the Cape, but was never heafd of after- wards She is supposed to have foundered in the Mozam- biciue Channel. It adds a melancholy interest to the j thrilling scenes depicted in The Shipwreck, to remember that the author experienced all, not excepting the last and most fearful, of the horrors which he has so graphically de- scribed. A second ed. of The Shipwreck was pub. in 1764, Svo; 3d ed., 1785, Svo; New ed., with critical Remarks, additional Notes, and the Life of the Author, by the Rev. James Stanier Clarke, 1804, Svo. Other eds. of The Ship- wreck, 1808, r. 4to., 1818, 12mo. This last edition contains an engraving of a ship, with references to an explanatory table. The v.alue of this auxiliary to a non-nautical reader need not be enlarged on. The other productions of Fal- coner have never been highly estimated. An ed. of his Poems, with a Memoir by the Rev. J. Mitford, (Pickering s Aldine Poets, vol. xxxvii.) appeared in 1836, 12mo. In The Shipwreck, Falconer describes an actual occurrence in which he was a participator— the wreck of the Britannia off Cape Colonna : , i,. »v ■ " In all Attica, if we except Athens itself and Marathon, there is no scene more interesting than Cape Colonna. To the antiquary and artist, sixteen columns are an insxhaustible source of otiser- vation and design; to the philosopher, the supposed scene ot some of Plato-s conversations will not be unwelcome; and the traieller will be struck with the beauty of the prospect over isles that crown the Jigean deep;' but for an Englishman Colonna has yet an additional interest, as the actual spot of Falconer s Shipwreck Pallas and I'lato are forgotten in the recollection of lalconer and Campbell : , . i ' Here in the dead of night, by Lonna s steep, The seaman's cry was heard along the deep. (Pleasures a/ Memory.)"— LORV BvMy. . "The Shipwreck has been always popular, and will remain so, whUe British sympathies are excited by the hazards of those who ' Sweep through the deep. While the storrov tempests blow.' It contains several fine descriptions of sceuei-y. The characters ot the oflicers are drawn by a masterly pencil. 'The episode of Palcmon and Anna is exquisitely wrought, '—a. C. Hall. The merits of this celebrated composition are indeed un- deniable. None but a great poet could have written The Shipwreck, and that great poet must of necessity have been a thorough sailor. What home and its placid attrac- tions are to the landsman, the sea and the storm were to Falconer. He delights in decking the ocean with all the terrific sublimity and wild beauty of which it is capable, and then calling upon us to admire the picture : our admi- ration may be enforced, but whilst we tremble, we cannot but applaud. .v, •. But a higher value is claimed for this poem than it possesses as the means of mere intellectual gratification ; '• It is of inestimable value to this country, since it coutiuns within itself the rudiments of navigation : if not sufficient to form ., ,.,,iiiol.t aman. it may certainly be considered as the grammar of Ills ,1 of.^i'.mil science. I have heard many experienced officers declare tluit the rules and maxims delivered in this poem, for the conduct of a ship iu the most perilous emergency, form the best, indeed the only, opinions which a skilful mariuer should adopt. — See Clarke's ed. of The Shipwreck. Falconer, Wm., M.D., 1743-1824, a native of Chester, and a brother of the Rev. Thomas Falconer, the reviewer of Evanson's Dis.s(manco of the Gospels, pub. many medi- cal treatises and other works, on natural history, theology, Ac, a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit., and in Gent. Mag. for Oct. 1824. 1. Remarks on the Influ- ence of Climate, Ac. on Mankind, Lon., 1781, 4to. 2. An Essay on the preservation of the Health of persons engaged iu Agriculture, Ac, 17S9, Svo. "The author discusses the employment of rural lalxiurers, tlieir diet, accommodation, and medical tTenlmenV-Donaldson s Jgn- \ cuU. liufg. FAL FAN 3. Miscellaneons Tracts and Collections on Nat. History from the prioripal writers of Antiquity, 179.'^, 4to. He was noted for his large stock of general information, and an eminent friend, at whose table he often dined, declared that "He never saw such a man: that he knew evfry thing, and knew it better than any one else." — Lord TuuRLtnv. Faltlo, Johu. 1. Quakerism no Christianity, Lon., 1675, 8vo. 2. 21 Divines cleared from the Crimination of W. Penn. Ifi7r.. Svo. FalUo, Thomas. Reformation of Courts of Justice and Prufee"ling.s at Law, 1649, 4to. Fale, Robert. Report rel. to Brit. Fishery, Lon., 17S6. Sv(K Fale, Thomas. Art of Dialling, Lon., 1503, 4to. 1626. Fales, Faiiuy. See Swift, Mrs. Frances Eliza- BRTH. Falgate, Isaac. Interest, 1G99, Svo. Tables of do., 12nio. Falkener, a surgeon. Case of IIydru]>huliia success- fully treated ; Med. Trans., 1772. Falkener, EdAVartl. I. Museum of Classical Anti- quities: a series of Papers on Ancient Art, edited by E. F., Lon., 1855, r. Svo. 2. Descrip. of some important Theatres and other Re- mains in Crete; being a supp. tu No. 1, 1S55. r. Svo. 3. Inscriptiones Gra^cas in itincrc Asiaticu collectns ab Edvardo Falkenero edidit Gu. Heuzenius. Ronia^: ex annalibus Archaiologioi, Ann. 1852. Falkener, or Falkuer, Wm., D.D. I. Libertas Ecclesiastica, Lon., 1674, 4to. 2. Christian Loyalty, 1679, Svo. 3. A Vindication of Liturgies, 1680, Svo. 4. Two Treatises, 1684, 4to. 5. Serms. on the Visitation and Burial Services: tracts of Angl. Fathers, iii. 311. Falkirke, Johu de. Annals of Irish History, 1535- 1641. Lon.. 1814. vol. i., Svo. Falkland, tirst Viscount. See Cary, Hknry. Falkland, third Viscount. See Carv, Henry Lucirs. Falkland, second Viscount. See Cary, Lucifs. Falkland. Essay on Bigotry, Lon., 1791, Svo. Falkland. Review of the Irish H. of Com. and the Parh Representation, DuM., 1789-90, 2 vols. Svo. "A rutious and iiitei-esting work." — Lmondrs^a l/ihl. Man. Falkland, Charles, Viscount. Consid. on the com- petency of the Pari, of Ireland ti) Union, Lon., 1797, Svo. Falkland, W. Liberia; aPoem, 1812. 2. Variety; a Collection of Poems. 1812, Svo. Falkner, Frederic. In cunjunction with the Author of British Husbandry: The Muck Manual for Farmers, Lon., 1S43, 12mo. New cd., 1846, fp. Svo. "A very useful book." — Loud I'almlrstun. *■ Much reliable fact, and we i-annut get up from the reading of the work withoutbeingbenefitod by the task." — Lim. Gardener's Guide. "A very neat and comprehensive work, and a very creditable performance." — Dnndldsan's Aijriritlt. Biar/. Falkuer, Thomas, d. 1 780. a Jesuit missionary of Manchester, resided for nearly forty years in South Ame- rica. A Description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts of South America, Lon., 1774, 4to. " V>'e have only to regret that the information we here receive is not more accurate, and the author's authority, in many cases, less exceptionable." — Lon. Moii(hhj Jicvicw, li. 1774, Falkner, Wm., D.D. See Falkener. Fall, James. Scrm.. 1764, Svo, Fall, Thomas. The Surveyor's Guide, or, every man his own Road-maker, Retford, 1829, 12mo. "A most valuable treatise. . . . Surveyors and farmers will be much iulbrnied. and repaid by the labour of perusing this little volume." — Donahhon'ii A/jricult. Bing. Fallal, Ferdinando. Carmina Colloquia, or a dia- logue bet. the Devil and an Independent, Edin., 1649,4to. Falle, Philip. 1655-1742, a native of Jersey, became Rector of St. Saviour's in Jersey, of Shenley in Herts, and Preb. of Durham. Serms., 1687-1715. Csesarea; or, an Account of the Island of Jersey, the greatest of those islands that are now the only remainder of tbo English Dominions in France, Lon., 1694, Svo; with addits. and corrections, 1734. Svo. This work is highly esteemed. Fallow, T. HI,, Curate of All-Souls, St. Marylebone. The Order of Bapti.-m, both Public and Private, according to the use of the United Ch. of Eng. and Ireland, Lon., 1838, 12mo. It includes Synoptical Tables, showing the alterations in the offices at the revisions, 1552, 1604, '61; history of the conferences, reasons of the changes made, Ac. *' If any man, who 5;hall desire a more particular account of the several alterations in any part of the Liturjiy, shall take the pains to compare the present book with the former, we doubt not but the reason of the change may easily appear." — Preface to the Book qf Common Prayer, a.d. ItJtil. 37 Fallowes, Thomas. Method of Curing Lunatics, Lon., 1705, Svo. Fallowlield, J. Christian Conductor, 1795, Svo. Fallowfield, John. Examination of Wm. Taswell'a Antichrist revealed annmg the Quakers, Lon., 1723, Svo. Fallstair, Sir John. Orijiinal Letters of Sir John Fallstair. jiy the Kov. Henry Bate Dudley. Fanch, James, a Baptist minister at Romsey. 10 Serms. on Practical Subjects, Keith, 1768, 12mo. " A man of considerable learning and excellent judgment. His sermons are fine specimens of sound divinity." — Hist, of the Eng' lish Baptists. Fancourt, Samuel, 1 676-176S, a dissenting minister, the inventor of circulating libraries in London, pub. several serms. and thcolog. treatises, 1720-46, &c. See Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. liv. Fane, Lady Elizabeth, wrote a number of psalms, and pious meditations, and prnvcrlis, printed by Robert Crowland, Lun., 1550, Svo, under the title of The Lady Elizabeth Fane's 21 Psalms and 102 Proverbs. Ballard is at a loss to kn(jw whetlier this lady was the wife of Richard Fane or of Sir Thomas Fane. See Memoirs of British Ladies. Fane, Henry Edward, late Aide-de-Camp to his Excellency the Curamander-in-Chief in India. Five Years in India. Lon.. 1841, 2 vols. p. Svo. "This is, undoubtedly, the most entertaining work illustrative of India we have read of late years, and exactly the sort of work the general read.-T will be sure to appreciate." — Lou. JVew Monthly Maij. Fane, Sir Francis, Governor of Doncaster, subse- quently Governiir of Lincoln, temp. Charles II. 1. Love in the Dark; a Com., Lon., 1675, 4to. 2. Masque for Lord Rochester's Valoutinian, 1685, Svo. 3. Sacrifice; a Trag., 1686, 4to. Sir Francis wrote a number of poems also. Three will be found in Tate's Collection. " 'Tis not in Drauiatick Toetry alone that our Author is a Mas- ter, but his Talent is equal also in Lyricks." — Langbaine^s Eng. Dram. Poets, q. v. Fane, Hon. Jnlian. Poems, Lon., 1852, fp. Svo; 2d ed., with nonc(Wson's Af/ricuU. Bioij. Farish, Wm. Report of Camb. Bible Soc., 1811,'Svo. Farley, Edward. Imprist. for Debt Unconstitu- tional anti Oppressive, Lon., 1788, Svo. Farley, Harriet, a native of Cl.aremont, New Hamp- shire, has been for a number of years a contributor to and editor of The Lowell Offering, a monthly periodical, (com- menced January, 1841,) sustained by the literary labours of the factory girls employed in the mills at Lowell, Mas- sachusetts. An interesting autobiographic letter from Miss Farley (not intended for publication) will be found in Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record. In 1847 she pub. a vo- lume in Boston, containing extracts from the periodical under her charge, including some of her own contributions, entitled Shells from the Strand of the Sea of Genius. A selection from the Lowell Offering, entitled Mind among the Spindles, with an Introduction by Mr. Charles Knight, was pub. in London in 1849. It has been highly com- mended by English, French, and German critics. Farley, Henry. 1. Complaint of Paules, 1616, 4to., Reed, 6749, £2 4«. 2. St. Pavles Chvrch, her Bill for the Parliament. 1621, 4to. A curious collection in prose and poetry. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 262, £5 6s. Farley, J. The Duty and Office of Church-warden in Ireland, Dubl., 1823, Svo. Farley, or Farlie, Robert, a native of Scotland. 1. K.alendarium Hnmana; Vita;, The Kalendar of Man's Life, Lon., 1638, sm. Svo. This contains poems on tho four seasons, in Latin and English. 2. Lychnocausia. sive Moralia Facium Emblemata: Lights, Morall Emblems, 1638, 12mo. 3. Naulogia. sive Invonta Navis, 4to. This is a Latin Poem, inscribed in Prose and Verse to Sir Ro- bert Aytoun. Farmer, A. W. Facts on the American Congress, and the controversy with G. Brit. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. Farmer, Henry T., a native of England, was for some time engaged in commercial pursuits in Charleston, S. C, and subsetjuently removed to New York, where he became a medical student, and was licensed as a physician in 1821. Ho practised medicine in Charleston, S. C, until his death at the age of 46. Whilst a student, he pub. a vol. entitled Imagintition : The Maniac's Dream, and other Poems. A specimen of his composition will be found in E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Farmer, Hugh, 1714-1787, a dissenting divine of great learning, a native of a village near Shrewsbury, was for some time a pupil of Dr. Doddridge. He officiated as chaplain in the family of Wm. Coward of Walthamstow, and was minister to a congregation in that village. Mr. Coward always closed his house at six in the winter and seven in the summer, and permitted no one, visitor or resi- dent, to enter his doors after the stated hour. On one oc- casion Mr. Farmer was shut out, and sought refuge in the house of Mr. Wm. Snell. They liked their visitor, invited him to stay where ho was, and the accidental visit of a night extended to thirty years. This reminds us of Dr. Isaac Watts's thirty-six years' visit to Sir Thomas Abney's family, and Dr. Johnson's long residence with the Thrales. 1. Serm. on the Suppression of the Rebellion of 1746, '46. 2. Christ's Temptation in the Wilderness, 1761, Svo; 3d ed., 1776. 3. A Dissertation on Miracles, 1771, Svo. 4. Exam, of Le Moine's Treatise on Miracles, 1772, Svo. 6. Essay on the Demoniacs of the N. Test., 1775, Svo. 6. Letters to Rev. Dr. Worthington in answer to his late Treatise entitled An Impartial Inquiry into the Case of the Gospel Demoniacs. 1778, Svo. 7. Worship of Human Spirits in the Ancient Heathen Nations, 1783, Svo. See FAR FAR Fell, Jobs. Life by Miclmel Dudson, 1804, 5 vols. 8vo. See this Memoir, and article in Biog. Brit. He left many valuable MSS., which were destroyed. " The works of F.irmer. are among the most ingenious and learned theological productions of the last century. They contain many things worthy of consideration; but at the same lime they require to he read with caution. . . . Our Lord's temptntion. according to Farmer, was a divine vision; the demoniacs nf the gospel were merely persons strongly affected by certain diseases. . . . The chief opponents of Farmer were Worthington and Fell, who were both meu of learning, but not equal to Farmer in acutenessand com- mand of temper." — Or/ae's Bihl. Bib., q. v. See also the remarks of Bp. Watson. Farmer, Jacob. Letter rel. to Irish Papists, 1642. Farmer, John. I. Divers and Sundry Wares, Ac. upon one playn Song, Lon., 1591, Svo. 2. English Madri- gals, 1599. Farmer, John. Hist, of the Town and Abbey of W.altbam, and the Hist.ofAbbies, 977-1558, Lon. ,1755, Svo. Farmer, John, a dissenting minister, brother of Hugh Farmer, was assistant minister at Fetter Lane, London, 1730, and at Coggeshall, Esso.x, 1739. 20 Serms. on va- rious subjects, Lon., 1744, Svo. Farmer, John. Select Oases in Surgery, collected in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1767, 4to. Farmer, John, 1789-1838, of Concord. New Hamp- shire. 1. Genealogical Register of the First Settlors of N. England, Lancaster, M.ass., 1829, Svo. 2. In conjunction with J. B. Moore, Gazetteer of New Hamp.^hire, Concord, N. Hamp., 1823, 12mo. Mr. F. pub. several tracts on sub- jects of local history, and was a contributor to the Collec- tions of the Mass. .anil N. Hamp. Hist. Societies. Farmer, R. 1. The Great Mysteries of Godliness and Ungodliness discovered from the writings of the Quakers, Lon., 1655, 4to. 2. A Plain Dealing and Plain Meaning Sermon, 1660, 4to. Farmer, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1629, 4to. Farmer, Richard, a linen draper at Stow-on-tbc- Wold, d. 1814, aged 49. The Soldiers; an Hist. Poem, 1802, Svo. Analysis of the Carbonated Chalybeate near Stow, 1809, Svo. Farmer, Richard, D.D., 1735-1797, a divine of e.\- tensive learning, a native of Leicester, was educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb., of which he became Master in 1775. He subsequently became Vice-Chancellor and princip.al Librarian of the University, ami obtained prebends at Lichfield and Canterbury. He e.'ichanged the latter for a canonry at St. Paul's. Both an English and an Irish bishopric were offered to him and declined. In 1766 he issued propos.als for pnb. a History of the Town of Leices- ter.from the MSS. of William [shoulil be Thomas] Staveley. He found the work too laborious, aud gave his materials to John Nichols, whoso History and Antiquities of Lei- cester, 4 vols, fob, 1790-1811, is deservedly valued. In 1766, Svo, Dr. Farmer giive to the world his celebrated Essay on the Learning of Shakspeare, 2d ed., with largo addits., 1767, Svo.; 12 copies on thick paper. Reprinted in 1789 and in 1821. Also printed with Steevens's ed. of Shakspeare, 1793, and the eds. by Read in 1803 and Har- ris in 1812. The e-'itent of Shakspeare's knowledge of the classics which he so freely u.sos had long been a mooted point. Farmer hit upon the only plan by which the question could be settled. He proves th.at Shakspeare derived his know- ledge through trauslations. and not from the originals, by showing that he has cited the phraseology, and even the errors, of the translators. We must then agree with an eminent critic who styles Farmer's Essay "A work by which nn end is put forever to the dispute concern- ing the learning of Shakspeare." — De. Warton. Dr. Johnson and Farmer were well acquainted with each other; and several letters from the lexicographer to the Master of Emanuel College will be found in Boswell's Life of the former. In one dated March 21, 1770, we find the following reference to Farmer's Essay ; "In support of an opinion which you have already placed above the need of any more support. Mr. Steevens, a very ingenious gen- llem.in.Utely of King's College, has collected an a'ccount of .all the translations which Shakspeare might have seen aud used. lie wishes his cal^iloguo to be perfect, and therefore entreats that you will favour him by the insertion of such additions as the accuracy of your inquiries have enabled you to make." We also find the following note in Langton's papers : "Colman, in a note on his translation of Terence, talking of Shakspeare's learning, asks, 'What says Farmer to this'; What says Johnson?' Upon this he observed. 'Sir, let Farmer answer for himself: / never engaged in this controversy. I always said Shakspeare had Latin enough to grammaticise his English.'" — .See Boswell's Life of Johnson. ^ Dr. Parr excelled in epitaphs and other eulogistic flou- rishes. He complimented Farmer, both living and dead. , We regret th.at we lack space to enable us to give both or cither to the reader. And, abas! wh.at space have wa wherein to depict the wonders of Farmer's library ? It was sold by Mr. King, in 1798, and produced £2210, which was about £1700 more than it was supposed to have cost him. But for a continuation of this ravishing theme ravishing, if our reader be a true Bibliomaniac — we must refer to Dibdin's Bibliomania. Those who are so unhappy as to be without this volume deserve pity, and — room or no room — they shall have a few linos about Rare Richabl Faiimer: "How shall I talk of thee, and of thy wonderful collection, Rare Richard Farmer?— and of thy scholarship, .acuteness, plea- santry, singularities, varied learning, and colloquial powers I Thy name will live long among scholars in general ; and in the bosoms of virtuous and learned bibliomaniacs thy memory shall be ever shrined! The walls of Emanuel College now cease to convey the sounds of thy festive wit; thy volumes are no longer seen, like liichard Smitll's ' bundles of s'ticht books,' strewn upon the floor; and thou hast ceased, in the cause of thy beloved Shakspeare. to delve into the fruitful ore of black-letter literature. Peace to thy honest spirit; for thou wert wise without vanity, learned without pedantry, and joyous without vulgarity. . . . Farmer had his fo- ragers, his jackals, and his avatit-courirrs, for it was well kuown how dearly he loved every thing that was interesting and rare in the literature of former ages. As he walked the streets of London —careless of his dress, and whether his wig was full-bottomed or narrow-bottomed— he would talk and ' mutter strange speeches' to himself, thinking all the time, I ween, of some curious discovery he had recently made in the aforesaid pn-cious black-letter tomes. But the reader is impatient for the l!lm.ioTUKr\ Fahmkuiana." Our readers also must be iinpalient lor the Bibliotheca Farmeriana, and procure it whenever the opportunity may (■ccur, which, we can assure them, will be very seldom. It bears date M.ay, 1798, and contains S199 articles— and such articles ! But we forbear. Farmer, Thomas. The Plain Truth, Lon,, 1763, 4to. This refers to the Ess.ay on Women. Farmer, Wm. Alman.-ick for Ireland, Dubl., 1587, 4to. " Perhaps the eailiest .41mau.ac printed in or for that countiv." — Wilt's Bibl. BHt. Farmerie, Wm. Serms., 1710, '16. Farnabie, or Farnaby, Thomas, 1575-1647, an eminent gr,ammari£in, a native of London, studied for some time at Morton Coll.. Oxf., which he left for a college of the Jesuits in Spain. Returning to England, he taught school alternately at Martock in Somersetshire, in London, and at Sevenoaks, in Kent. lie had charge of the sons of many of the noblemen, and acquired a liirge property. During the Rebellion he suffered imprisonment as a friend to the monarchy. He pub. several learned works— com- mentaries on Juvenal, Persius, Seneca, Martial, Ovid, Te- rence, .and Lucian, Index Rhetoricus, 1625, Svo, Systema Grammaticum, 1641, Svo, Ac. — for particulars of which sec Athen. Oxon., Biog. Brit., and Genl. Diet. The remark of his which offended the Parliament.ari.ans was, that it was "better to have one king than five hun- dred :" which shrewd reflection is of itself enough to prove him a man of excellent sense. The nation soon came round to his way of thinking. But good laws are the best kings. " lie was the chief grammarian, rhetorician, poet, latinisf, and Grecian, of his time; and his school was so much frciuented, that more churchmen and statesmen issued thence than from any school taught liy one man in England." — Allfu. tixoi}. Farnaby,Giles. Canzonets to Fovre Voyces,159S,4to. " Farnaby assistid Ravenscroft in putting parts to some of the Psalm-tunes published at the beginning of the next century "— Lowndps's BilA, Man. Farneworth, Ellis, d. 1762, Rector of Carsington, Derbyshire. 1. Life of Pope Sextus V., trtins. from the Italian of Gregorio Leti, Lon., 1754, fob; Dubl., 1778, Svo. 2. A short Hist, of the Isr.aelites, trans, from the French of Abb^ Fleury, Lon., 1756, Svo. " This little book contains a concise, pleasing, and just account of the manners, customs, laws, polity, and religion, of the Israelites. It is au excellent introduction to the reading of the Old Testament, and should be put into the hands of every young person. Au ele- gant English version of it, by Mr. Farneworth. was first printed in 175G," Vide Bishop Home's Disanirses, vol. i. New ed., by Adam Clarke, q. o., 1805, 12mo. 3. The Hist, of the Civil Wars of France, trans, from the Italian of Davila, 1757, 2 vols. 4to. "The great historian of this time is Tavila, His work may be referred to in all the more important particulars, especially with respect to the views, interests, and intrigues of the different leaders aud tactions." — Frof. Smytirs LiCf. on Mtid. Hist. And see Avlesbcrv, Wm. ; Cotterel, Sir Charles. 4. The Works of Machiavel, trans, and illustrated with Notes, Anecdotes, .and Life, 1761, 2 vols. 4to; 1775, 4 vols. Svo. See Bedingfield, Thomas. " We are fold in the House of Commons by Mr. Fox, that the authority of Machiavel is great. The founders of the French Re- public, and refoundei s of it, seem always to have had Machiavel's Discourses or Livy in their ne\i:'— Pursuits of Literature. 679 FAR FAR "Machiavelli. in his history of Florence, instructed the Italians in the art of uniting the eloquence of history with the depth of reflection. lie has attached himself much less tban his predeces- sors in the same line, to the narration of niilifary events. But his work, as a history of popular passions and luiuults. is a mastei^ piece; and Machiavellihas completed, by this noble example of his theories, his analysis of the human heart. He has left three come- dies, which, by the novelty of the plots, by the strength and viva- city of the dialogues, and by their admirable delineation of charac- ter, are far superior to all that Italy had then, or has perhaps since, produced.'' — Sismondi. We lack space, and it does not enter into our plan, to discuss the vexed question of the morale of Machiavelli's remarkable productions. An excellent paper on the sub- ject will be found aiuonp; Mr. T. B. Macaulay's Miscellanies. Farnham, Mrs. E. \V. Life in Prairie Land, N. York, 1846, 12mo. A work of great sprightliness, which should be read by all who think of "emigrating to the Western Country." "This is a delij;htful book, and will afford most agreeable read- ing. The authoress has a quick eye and graphic pen. and describes the statistics of a large city or the peculiar mode of a sun-bonnet with the same facility and pleasantness.'' "It is made up of a series of charming and lifelike pictures of a personal residence in the Far West — perfect daguerreotypes of a settler's daily habits. Ac. together with graphic sketches of travel in various sections of that fiir-spreading and fertile country. The work is enlivened by a rich vein of irresistible humour, interwoven with passages of great power and eloquent beauty, eminently im- pressive and suggestive." — Dertwcratic Review. Farnham, Rt. Hon. Barry Maxwell, Earl of. Examination into the Principles of the Sjieech of Lord Minto. Vm. H. Rights of Man Invaded; being an Exposition of the Tyranny of our Gov. in India, 1792, Svo. A fruitful theme, truly. Faunt, Arthur, or Laurence, Arthur, an English Jesuit, born in Leicestershire, pub. several theolog. trea- tises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. Fauquier, Francis. Raising Money for support of the War, &.O., 3d ed., Lon., 1757, Svo. Joseph Massie pub. Observations on this Essay, 1756, Svo. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. Fausset, Godfrey, D.D., Canon of Christ Church, Margaret Prof, of Divinity, Oxford, and Vicar of Crop- thorn, Worcestershire. 1. Serm. on the Necessity of Edu- cating the Pour in the principles of the Established Church, Oxf., 1811, Svo. 2. Claims of the Established Church; 8 serms. at the Bampton Lecture, 1820, Svo. " We will only premise, therefore, that all enemies of the Church who do not regard her doctrines as unscriptural. will, if we mis- take not, find in this volume of Eamptou Lectures the reasons of its discipline so justly explained, and the importance of preserving that discipline so ably asserted, th.it if they be but men of tolerable fairness, they w ill hardly be able to avoid a feeling of regret that they are at enmity with a Church which can sustain its cause by a, line of argument so powerful and so direct." — Lon. Christ. Rcniemhrancer. Also highly commended in the British Critic. 3. Serm. : Revival of Popery, 1S3S, Svo. Faustus, a monk, b. about 390, supposed to have been a native of Britain, Bishop of Riez, in Province, 466, wrote against predestination and reprobation. These writings will be found in Bibl. Max. Patr., viii. See Cave, vol. i. ; Milner's Ch. Hist.; Siixii Onomast. Faux, W., an English Farmer. Memorable Days in America; being a Journal of a Tour in the United States, Lon., 1823, Svo, pp. 44S. This is a "Memorable" work, as being the occasion of two spicy reviews: the first in the Lon. Quarterly, vol. sis. 338, said to be by Gifford; the other, in which the critic of the Quarterly is roughly han- dled, in the N. Amer. Rev., vol. six. 92, by Edward Everett. Favell. Votes of Thanks by Southwark to Mr. War- die, 1809. Svo. Favell, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to. Favell, James. Abraham's Case in ofi"ering up Isaac, Camb., 1769, 4to. Favour, John, d. 1623, Vicar of Halifax, Yorkshire. Antiquitie triumphing over Noveltie; or Antiquitio a cer- tain Note of the Christian Catholic Church, Lon., 1619, 4to. " lie was esteemed a person of great piety and charity, and one well read in substantial and profound authors." — Athen. Oxon. Fawcett, Benjamin, 1715-17S0, a dissenting mi- Dister at Kidderminster for 35 years. Serms., 1756-80. Abridgt. of Baxter's Saint's Rest. Religious Melancholy, 1780, Svo. Fawcett, J., a dissenting minister. Serms., 1749, Svo. Crit. Expos, of the 9th Chap, of Romans. 1752, Svo. Fawcett, James, Lady Margaret Preacher in the Univ. of Cambridge. Serms. preached before the Univ. of Cambridge, Camb., 1794, Svo. " These si-rmoDS are truly academic. They afford young preachers a happy example of the manner in which iuirenious speculation may be united with practical utility."— ion. Monthly A'tnew. Fawcett, John, D.D., 1739-1817, a Baptist minister. Serms., Hymns, Poems, &c., 1775-91. Fawcett, John, D.D. Serms., theolog. treatises, bio- graph, sketches, Ac, 1797-1807. Devotional Family Bible; with Notes and Illustrations, Lon., 1811, 2 vols. r. 4to. "This work is evaugelical, judicious, and well written."— Lowndes's Brit. Lib. "This work is wholly designed for family use; but the marginal renderings and parallel texts have been entirely omitted. The absence of these is inexcusable in any edition of the Bible above the size of a duodecimo volume." — Home's Bibl. Bib. Fawcett, John, Rector of Scaleby. Serms. for Fa- milies, 3d ed., Lou., 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. Familiar Dis- courses, 1828, Svo. Other works. FaAVcett, John, of Covent-Garden Theatre. 1. Obi; a Pant. Drama, 1800, Svo. 2. La Perouse; a Pant. Drama, 18(11, Svo. 3. The Enchanted Island; a Dram. Ballad, 1804, Svo. "Successful pieces." — Biog. Dramat. Fawcett, Joseph, d. 1S04, a dissenting minister at Walthamstow, afterwards a farmer. He pub. several serms., poems, &c. Serms. at the Old Jewry, Lon., 1795, 2 vols. Svo. " It may not be easy to find many volumes that can boast so happy an union of sound sense and useful instruction with all the graces and energies of oratory." — Lon. Monthly Review. " His figures of speech, his metaphors and allusions, are beauti- ful, numerous, and striking." — Lon. Critical Review. Fawcett, Richard, D.D., Vicar of Newcastle, and Preb. of Durham. Serm., 1768, 4to. Fawcett, Samnel. Serms., 1641, '68. FaAVcett, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1784, Svo. FaAVcett, General Sir Wm., 1728-1804, Gov. of Chelsea Hospital, an English officer, served on the Conti- nent during "the seven years' war." 1. The Reveries, or Memoirs upon the Art of AVar; from the French of Sase, 1757, 4to. 2. Reg. for the Prussian Cavalry; from the German, 1757. 3. Reg. for the Prussian Infantry, 1759. 4. Rules, &c. rel. to his Majesty's Forces, 1786, Svo; 1792. Fawconer, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1763, Svo. Es- say on Modern Luxury, 1765, Svo. Fawkes, Francis, 1721-1777, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., Vicar of Orpington, 1755; Rector of Hayes, 1774, 1. Eramham Park ; a Poem, 1745. 2. Descrip. of May, 1752. 3. Of Winter. 4. Trans, of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion, Mosehus, and Musaeus, 1760, 12mo; 1754; both from Gawea Douglas. 5. Original Poems and Translations, 1761. 6. Partridge Shooting; a Poem, 1767, 4to. 7, Trans, of the Idylliums of Theucritus, 1767, Svo. S. The Argonau- tics of ApoUonius Rhodius; posth.; completed by Rev. Henry Meen of Emanuel Coll., Camb., 1780, Svo. 9. Fa- mily Bible, with Notes, 4to. 10. In conjunction with Mr. AVutty, The Poetical Calendar, vol. i., 1763, 12mo ; intended as a supplement to Dodsley's Collection. The Poetical Ca- lendar and Nichols's Collection contain some of Fawkes*a poems. His song of The Brown Jug is still a great fa- vourite. Fawkes's merits were considerable. " His threat strength lay in translation, in which, since Pope, few have equalled him." — Nichols's Literary Aiucdotes. q. v. Dr. Johnson, not, indeed, a first-rate critic in Greek lite- rature, remarked that " Frank Fawkes had done the odes of Anacreon very finely." Fawkes, James. Life of Dr. Seignior, 16S1, Svo. Fawkes, Walter. 1. Chronol. of the Hist, of Mod. Europe, 475-1793, York, 1810, 4to. 2. Speech on ParL Reform, 1812. 3. The Englishman's Manual; or, A Dia- logue between a Tory and a Reformer, 1817, Svo. Fawkner, Anthony. Serms., 1630, '35. Fawier, John. Surg. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1707. Fay, Theodore S,, a native of New York, Secretary of Legation for the United States at the Court of Berlin from 1837 to 1S53, and since 1853 Minister to Switzerland, enjoys extensive reputation as a graceful and graphic writer. In 1832 he pub. Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet Man, containing The Little Genius, and other essays con- tributed to that excellent periodical. The New York Mir- ror, of which Mr. Fay was for some time one of the editors. He has since pub. The Minute Book, a journal of travels; Norman Leslie, a Tale of the Present Times, 1835 ; 2d ed. in same year; Sydney Clifton, 1839; The Countess Ida, 1840; Hoboken, a Romance of New York, 1S43; Robert Rueful, 1844; Ulric; or, The Voices: a Tale, 1851. Of his fugitive contributions to periodicals, perhaps the best known are the papers on Shakspeare. Mr. Fay has also some pretensions to the character of a poet. A review of the Countess Ida, by an eminent critic, will be found in The North American Review, 11. 434-457. We quote a few lines from the conclusion: " The work shows a deep sympathy with human nature, as well as a familiar acquaintance with the higher forms of Europeau social life. The author has not been dazzled by the trappinga of FAT FEO rovalty and aristocrwv. though he can describe tbem so well. The I « Charles Fearne was a man of a rery strong and subtle intellect, ■virtues and the vices "of hi-hs.vietv are set forth l.vLim with im- ' and d-'li-hted in metaphysical and phil.isoijbiail speculations. I)arti.elonging thereunto. . . . His charity ; was so great that he was a husband to the affiicted widow, a father , to the orphan, and a tender parent to pocT children." — Athen. Ox^m., ] where, and in Biog. Brit., see an account of bis life and works. I Among bis works are, 1. The Life of Dr. Henry Ham- mond, Lon., 1660, '61, '62. Reprinted afterwards at the head of Hammond's Works ; also in Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog. This excellent biography deserves attentive perusal. 2. Nemesii, Philos. et Episc. Emisseni, de Natura Hominis Liber, Gr. et Lat. Notis illustratus, [Jo. Fell, Episc. Oxon.,] . Oxon., 1671, 8vo. | An eminent authority thus speaks of this treatise of Nemesius : '' Far from being either elegant or forcible, there is no new infor- mation given, nor Is the old placed in a new light; the opinions of the ancient philosophers are opposed, and little that is l>etter given in their place: in physics, Nemesius appears not to have known much, and in Metaphysics, to have been confused in what he did know." — Cl.\rke. 3. Gramraatica Rationis, sive Tnstitutionis Logica;. 1673, Svo. 4. The Vanity of Scoffing, 1674, 8vo. 5. Novi Tes- tamenti Libri Omnes Graece, 1675, Svo; Leipsic, 1697 j 1702, fol. By Dr. John Gregory, Oxf., 1703, fol. "The text is formed according to that of Robert Stephens and the Klzevir.s ; though Wetstein has accused it of reclaiming errors of the former, as well as of some of Walton's Polyglotf * — Name's Bibl Bib., g. v. " An excellent edition, and an indispensable work to every man engaged in sacred criticism." — Bishop North, of Man. and had Anthony Wood's History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford trans, into Latin, Oxf., 1674, 2 vols. fol. Wood complains of this trans. See Athen. Oxon. Fell, John, 1735-1797, a dis.=enting minister, classical tutor at the academy at Homerton, pub. several theolog. and other works, the principal of which arc. 1. Genuine Protestantism, 1773, Svo. 2. Demoniacs, 1779, Svo. "In which the typothesis of the Kev. Mr. Farmer and others on the subject ai"e con>idered." See Farmer, Hugh. 3. English Grammar, 1784, 12mo. 4. Idolatry of Greece and Rome, in a Letter to the Rev. Hugh Farmer, 17So, Svo. "In these works, Mr. Fell defends the opposite system to that of Farmer, which is generally received. Farmer's views of demono- logy had been previously brought forward by Joseph Mede, Lard- ner, Dr. Mead, and Sykes. Fell's reply, both on this subject and on that of the ancient idolatry, is able, and acknowledged by Dr. Kippis, who was friendly to the sentiments of Farmer, to contain many things which would have been deserving of consideration and reply ; but the temper in which he has written has been justly censured." — Orm^'s Bibl. Bib. 5. Lectures on the Evidences of Chris'y, 4 by J. F., and 8 by Henry Hunter, 1798. Svo. See Prot. Dii^senter's Mag., vols, iv., v., and vi. Fell, J. Weldon, M.D., a native of the U.S., removed to London, where be was allowed to treat the patients of Middlesex Hospital for cancerous diseases upon a new plan. In 1857 he pub. A Treatise on Cancer and its Treatment, Lon., Svo. See Report of the Surgical Staff of the Middlesex Hospital, 1S57, Svo. Fell, Hunter Francis, Rector of Oulton, Suffolk. Serms.. Lon., 1834, 12mo. Fell, Margaret, For Manasseth Ben-Israel. The Call of the Jews out of Babylon, Lon., 1656, 4to. Fell, Rev. R.C Passages from the Private and Official Life of the lato Alderman Kelly, Lon., 1856, '57, fp. Svo. Fell, Ralph, a native of Yorkshire, d. 1S14. A Tour through the Batavian Republic in ISOO, Lon.. ISOl, '05, Svo. "This work gives an interesting picture of Holland and the Dutch at this period, besides historical and political details and observations on its connexion with France." — Steve?iso}i's Tot/ages and Travels. Memoirs of Charles James Fox, 1808, 4to. He edited an ed. of Hudibras, with'Notes from Gray, &.C., 2 vols. 18mo. Fell, Samuel, D.D., 1594—1649, a native of London, educated at Christ Church, Oxf., Canon of Christ Church, 1619; Margaret Prof, of Divinity, 1626; Dean of Lich- field, 1637; Dean of Christ Church, 1638: Vice-Chancel- lor, 1645 and 1647. 1. Primitia; ; sive Oratio habita Ox- oniae in Scholia Theologize, 9th Nov., 1626. 2. Concio Latina ad Baccalaureos die cinerum in Colos. ii. 8, Oxf., I 1627. He was the father of Dr. John Fell. Bishop of , Oxford, V, ante. See Athen. Oxon. ; Lloyd's Memoirs. ! Fell, Stephen, Surgeon, Ulverstone. Profess. Con. to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1765. I Fell, Walter William. 1. Principal Events in Eng. Hist., 1811, 12mo. 2. Lancaster's System of Educa- tion, 1812. Law of Mercantile Guarantee, 1S12, Svo., 2d ed., 1820; 1st Amer. ed., by Charles Walker, N. York, 1825, Svo. FellOAve, Henry. Laws of Copyholds, Lon., 1799, Svo. Fellowes, Sir James. Reports of the Pestilential Disorder of Andalusia at Cadiz, ISOO, '04, '10, '13, Lon., 1S15, Svo. " A work of great interest and importance, as it respects the dis- cussion of a curious question of medical theory that has been the subject ol very warm controversy." — Lon. Mfrntltly Bci'iew, 1S16. q. v. Fellowes, Rev. Robert, of St. Mary's Hall, Oxf., Editor of tlic- Lninlun Critical Review. 1. Christian Phi- losophy, 1798, 2d cd., 1799, Svo. 2. Supplet. to do. 3. Religion without Cant, 1801, Svo. 4. Guide to Immor- tality, 1804, 3 vols. Svo. 5. Poems, 1806, 12mo. 6. Manual of Pietv, 1S07, Svo. Other publications; the principal of which "is, 7. A Body of Theology, 1807, 2 vols. Svo. " From the commencement to the conclusion, a current of the purest ethics flows with such beauty and spirit, that he who sur- veys it cnn possess neither tnste nor virtue if he does not resolve on taking a copious draught of its waters." — Lnyj. Monthb/ Review. See Brit. Critic. Dr. Parr (see Spital Sermon) speaks in 6. A Paraphrase and Annotations upon all St. Paul's high terms of the merits of FcUowes's works. Epistles, done by several eminent men at Oxford, corrected Fellowes, Wm. D. 1. Loss of the Lady Hobart, and improved by Bishop Fell, Lon., 1702, Svo. New ed., Lon., 1803, Svo. 2. Paris in July, 1815 ; in a Series of Oxf., 1852, Svo. Letters. 1S15, Svo. 3. Hist, Sketches of Charles I., Crom- "Fell on the Epistles is very short; but most of his notes are well. Charles IT., and the Principal Personages of that worthy of remark. The collection of paraUel scripturen isjudicioua, p^^^^A pan- 1S2S, 4to; now very scarce. A few copies and the translation in some places altered for the better." — DR. , ' , , „• c ^u ^i ^ r» ■ » t,- » - i DoDDRipGE only were struck on for the author at Pans. An historical '• This work does not appear to me to be of much value."— Orm«*« account will he found in this work of the sums exacted by Btbl. Bib. the Commonwealth from the Royalists, the names of those The bishop edited the works of St. Cyprian. 16S2. pub. who compounded their estates, &c. 4. Visit to the Monas- Beveral works said to be by the author of The "Whole Duty tery of La Trappe, r. Svo. 534 FBL FEL Fellows, Sir Charles, an enteqirising traveller, b. j The cru.lition of Mr. Felt, as an antiquary, has been 1799, at Noitiugham, Kngland, knighted 1845. 1. A acknowledged by one of our highest authorities : .Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor in 183S, Lon., 1839, imp. Svo; new ed., including No. 2, under the title of Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, particularly in the Province of Lycia, 1852, p. Svo. " Since my return to England I have learned at the Geographical Society that 'part of my route, which lay throuf^h the southern part of Asia Minor and led nie to the remains of several important ancient cities, had not before been traversed by any European.' It i^ on this account alone that I am induced to lay my Journal before the public." — Preface. 2. More Recent Discoveries in Ancient Lycia: being a .Tournal kept during a Second Excursion in Asia Minor, 1841. imp. Svo. See No. 1. " You cannot im.agine the pleasurable excitement of discovering in these cities the works of art and objects of the highest interest to the archaiologist. The age is probably earlier than the fourth L-eutury before the Christian era, and the works are illustrations of Homer and Herodotus." — Letter from the Aiitiior tottie Lmi. Athen. "Our author h.os discovered eleven ancient Lycian cities, and has allowed the learned world to perceive that Lycia has a mine of antiquarian treasures of which he has only scraped the surface." — Loti. Atlten. 3. Account of the Xanthian Marbles in the Brit. Museum, their Acciuisition and Transmission to England, 1843, r. Svo. 4. Account of the Trophy Monument at Xanthus, 1S48, r. Svo. 5. Coins of Ancient Lycia, 1855, Svo. See Eng. Cyc, Biog., vol. ii., 1858, 885. Fellows, John, a Methodist, pub. several poems, hymns. Ac. The Holy Bible in Verse, 1778, 4 vols. 12mo. Fellows, Robert. The Rights of Property vindi- cated against Universal Siill'rage, Lon., 1818. 12mo. Felltham, or Felthara, Owen, d. about 1678? a native of tfiiB'olk, autlior of a work of great ability, lived for some years in the family of tlie Earl of Thomond. With the exception of this fact, but little is known of him. Resolves, divine, mural, and political, in two centuriea, 1st ed., 12nio, date uncertain. 2d and 3d, 1628, 4to ; 4th, 1631, 4to: 5th, 1634, 4to; 6th, 1636, 4to ; 7th, 1647, 4to; 8th, 1661, fob; 9lh, 1670, fob; lOtb, 1677, fob; 11th, 1696, fbl. ; I2th, 1709. Svo; 13th, by Mr. Gumming, 1806, Svo; 14th, also by Mr. C, 1820, Svo. New ed., 1839, fp. Svo. Century I., 1840, cr. 4to. The Beauties of Owen Feltham, selected from his Resolves, by J. A., was pub. in 1818, 12mo. For an account of this excellent work, and some other compositions of Feltham, included in some of the edits, of the Resolves, we must refer the reader to Mr. Cumming's edit., and to the Lon. Retrosp. Review, X. 343-365, 1824. " We lay aside the Resolves, as we part from our dearest friends, in the hope of frequently returning to them. We recommend the whole of them to our readers' perusal. They will find therein moi-e solid maxims, as much piety, and far better writing, than in most of the pulpit lectures now current among us." — Ubi supra, "When Feltham lived, casuistry was a favourite study. This volume is a cabinet of the fashion of the day ; full of gorgeous ornaments of motherof-pearl and shells, and curiously carved, traced, and hinged." — Archdeacon Wrangham. "Of this book, the first part of which was published in 1627, the second not until after the middle of the century, it is not uncom- mon to meet with high praises in those modern writers, who pro- fess a faithful allegiance to our older literature. For myself, I can only say that Feltham appears not only a lalxiured and artificial, but a shallow, writer. Among his many faults, none strike me more than a want of depth, which his pointed and sententious manner renders more ridiculous. . . . He is one of our worst wri- ters in point of style; with little vigour, he has less elegance." — Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist. q. v. Vfe quote one observation of Feltham's, pertinent to the object of this Dictionary. "It was an observation of the excellent Plutarch, that we ought to regard books as we do sweetmeats: not chiefly to aim at the pleasantest, but chiefly to respect the wholesomest ; not forbidding either, but approving the latter most. Feltham says truly enough, in another place, "Learning falls far short of wisdom, nay. so far, that you can scarcely find a greater fool than is sometimes a mere scholar." Felt, Rev. Joseph B., b. 1789, at .Salem, Massa- chusetts, grad. Dartmouth Coll., 1813. 1. Annals of Salem, Salem, 1827, Svo; 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. "An accurate and useful work, the fruit of much original re- search." — BANCaoFT. 2. Historical Account of Mass.achusettsCnrrency.l 839, Svo. "Full of instruction from beginning to end. not only as tlirow- ing great light upon the history of the country, and the working of its institutions, hut also giving practical lessons, applicable to the present state of things." — North Amer. Beview, 1. '266. 3. Hisfory of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton, 1833. 4. Collections for the American Statistical Association on Towns, Population, and Taxation, 1847, pp. 596. 5. Me- moir of Roger Conant, 1848. Mr. Felt has favoured us with some other statistical and topographical labours. See Rich's Bibl. Amcr. Nova; Ludcwig's Lit, of Amer. Local Hist. " Rev. .Joseph B. Felt, whose profound acquaintance with the antiquities of Massachusetts is known to the public." — Hon. Ed- ward Everett : JVotf to his Address on the Battle of Bloody Brook, delivered Sept. 30, 183S : Orations and Speeclies, vol. i., 3d ed., 1863. Feltham, John. 1. Tour tljrough the Isle of Man in 1797-98. Lon., 179S, Svo. 2. The English Enchiridion: Apothegms, Moral Maxims, Ac, Bath. 1799, cr. Svo. 3. Structure and Economy of the Human Body, 1803, Svo. Felton, Cornelius Conway, since 1834 Eliot Prof, of Greek Literature in Harvard University, b. 1807, at West Newbury, Mass., has edited several of the classics, pub. a number of valuable works, and contributed many papers to the North American Review and other periodicals. 1. Iliad of Homer, with Flaxman's Illust. and Eng. Notes, 1833, Svo; many eds. 2. Menzel's Hist, of German Litera- ture, trans. 1840, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. Greek Reader. 1840, 12mo; many orts. 4. The Clouds of Aristophanes, 1841 ; repub. in England; 3d ed. 5. The Panegyricus of Isocrates, 1,847; 2dcd., 1854. 6. The Agamemnon of .ilschylus, 1847, 12nio. This was reviewed by C. A. Bristed in the Knickerbocker, xsx. 246, by Tayler Lewis, xxix. 543. Mr. Francis Bowen answered this article in N. Amer. Rev., Ixv. 239. Other papers upon the same subject will be found in the Knick- erbocker, XXX. 246: Knickerbocker, xxx. 260. 326. 374, by C. A. Bristed; Amer. Lit. Mag., i. 37, 124: Chris. Exam., xliii. 140. 7. Metres of the Greeks and Romans. 12mo. S. 'Ihe Birds of Aristophanes, with Eng. Introd. and Notes ; repub. in England. 9. The Earth and Man : Lectures on Comparative Piiysical Gei'grapby, in relation to the His- tory of Mankind, by Prof. Arnold Guyot ; trans, by C. C. Felton, Boston, 1849, 12mo. Several eds. of it have lieen pub. in England ; it has been trans, into German and cir- culated on the Continent. Several discourses on education and kindred suVijects. "It will not only render the study of Geography more attract- ive, but actually show it in its true light : namely, as the science of the relations which exist between nature and man throughout history: of the contrasts observed between the different parts of the globe; of the laws of horizontal and vertical forms of the di-y land, in its contact with the sea; of climate, 4c."— Pi-of Louis Agassiz. "The work is one of high merit, exhibiting a wide range of knowledge, great research, and a philosophical spirit of investi- gation. Its perusal will well repay the most learned in such sub- jects, and give new views to all of man's relation to the globe he inhabits." — SUliman's Journal. Also highly commended by Mr. George S. Hillard, and in the N. Amer. Review, and in the Christian Examiner. The value of Prof. Guyot's Mural Map is well known to teachers and pupils. 10. Memorial of Prof. Popkin. 1852. 11. Selections from the Greek Historians. 12. Smith's Hist. of Greece, with a continuation, 1855. 12. Lord Carlisle's Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, with Notes and Illus- trations, 1855, Svo. Articles on Agassiz, Athens, and Attica, in New Amer. Cyc. Professor Felton is also one of the authors (in conjunction with Profs. Sears and Edwards) of Miscellaneous Essays on .subjects connected with Classical Literature, pub. by Gould &, Lincidn of Boston, under the title of Ancient Literature and Art. Such contributions to theintellcctual wealth of the country are indeed invaluable. To Prof F. we are also indebted for the Life of Wm. Eaton in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st Series, ix. 163, and several other literary labours. Feltou, Daniel. The Examination and Confession of Cnjd, Lilbiirne and Capt. Viviers, Lon., 1642. Felton, EdnioJid. Engines invented to save much Blood and Moneys, (in these Times of Warre,) and to do good Service, Lon., 1644, 4to. Felton, George. Serm.. 1715, Svo. Felton, Heury, Rector of Malford. Serm., 1689. Felton, Henry, D.D., 1679-1740, a native of London, educated at Westminster School, the Charter House, and Edmund Hall. Oxf.: Rector of WhiteweU, Derbyshire. 1711; Principal of Edmund Hall, 1722. 1. Colebrook Letter, 1706 2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3. Dissert, on reading the Classics, and forming a just style, 1711 : 4th and best ed., 1757 A hi-'bly-estecmed work. 4. Semis, and theolog. treatises, 1725-48. 5. Serms., pub. by his son, Rev. Wm. Felton, with Life, 174S. „,,»=„ Felton, John H. The Decimal System, Bost., 1859. Felton, Nicholas, d. 1626, Master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. 1616: Bishop of Bristol, 1617 ; of Coventry and Lichtield, 1618: of Ely, 1619. He was one of the translators of the Bible temp. James I. Felton, S. 1. Gleanings on Gardens, Lon. 2. On the Portraits of English Authors on Gardening, with Biog. Notices; 2d ed., with addits., 1830, Svo. ess FEL FEN Felton, Wm. Letter to Rev. Mr. Romaine on his Dis- course on the Law and the Gospel, 176], 8vo. Serm., 1773. Felton, Wm,, a London coaeh-makor. Carriages and Harness. 179-4, '95; Supp., 1796, 3 vols. 8vo. FeltweU, R. Serm., Lon., 1660, 4to. Feu, James. iSerm., 16S6, 4to. Feu. See Fenn. Fenby, Thomas. English Synonymes; a Copious Dictionary of Synonymes, Classified and Explained: with an Outline of English Grammar, a vSelectiun of Latin and French Quotations, with corresponding English Transla- tions. &c., Liverp., 1853. 12mo. Fencer, James. The Cow Ragious Castle-Combat, Lon., 1635, '45, 4to. A poetical tract. Fenn, Lady, pub., under the assumed name of Mrs. Lovechild, a number of useful educational works, of which the sale has been very large. 1. The Child's Grammar; 44th ed., Lon., 1851, 18mo. 2. The Mother's Grammar; 22d ed., 1849. ISmo. 3. Parsing Lessons for Elder Pupils. 4. For Children; new ed., 1849, 18mo. 5. Grammatical Amusements; in a box. 6. Sunday Miscellany. 7. Short Sermons for Young Persons. Under the name of S. Love- child, was pub., in 1S52, Lon., 12mo, Sketclies of Little Boys and Girls. Fenn, Fen, or Feune, John, d. 1615, a R. Catholic divine, a native of Montacute, Somersetshire. Fellow of New Coll., Oxf., 1552, became confessor to the English nuns at Louvain. Life of St. Catherine of Sienna, from the Italian, 1609, 8vo. lie also wrote Vitae quorundam Martyrum in Anglia, and other pieces, and made trans. of Bishop Fisher's and other works. See Athen. Oxon.; Wood's Annals; Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Fuller's Worthies. Fenn, Sir John, 1739-1794, an antiquary, a native of Norwich, made a large collection of original letters, written during the reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV., Richard IIL, and Henry VII., by members of the Paston Family, and others, who were personally conversant with the events of their times. Two vols, were pub. in 1787, 4to, and 2 more in 1789, 4to; vol. v., 1823, 4to. There are a few copies of the first four vols, on large paper, which bring a high price. Indeed, a set of the ordinary size, first edit., was formerly worth about ten guineas. Of the first two vols, there were two edits., of which the second is to be preferred, having addits. and corrections by the editor and George Steevens. New ed., 2 vols, in 1, sq. 12mo, 1840. Also in Knight's Miscellanies, 1840, '41, 2 vols, sq., and in Bohn's Antiquarian Library, 1849, 2 vols, in 1, 12mo. In the new edits, the duplicate version of the letters, in old English, is omitted. " The Paston Letters are an important testimony to the progres- sive condition of society, and come in as a preirious link in the chain of the moral history of Enj^land, which thuy alone in this period supply. . . . Pictures of the life of the English gentry in that ai^e." — Hallajii^s Introduct. to Lit. of Europe. " The letters of Henry the Sixth's reign are come out, and to tne make all other letters not worth reading. I've gone through above one volume, and cannot hear to be writing when I am so eager to be reading." — Hokace Walpole: Letters to Lady Os^sory. '' Friday. Ff6. 9, 17S7. '*I am now reading the Paston Family Original Letters, written in the wars of York and LancastL-r, and am greatly entei-tained with them. Their antique air, thuir unstudii'd '■ominuniration of the modes of those old times, with their uudnul'tnl juitlicuticity, render them highly interesting, curinus, ami iTifnruiiiig. The Queen told me she had beun much struck with the Duke of Suf- folk's letter to his son. It is indeed both interesting and instruct- ive." — Madame D'Arblay's Diary. Sir John also pub. Three Chronological Tables of the members of the Society of Antiquaries, 1784, 4to. Fenn, Joseph. Semis., Lon., 18.30, 8vo. Fenn, Richard. Panegyricon Inaugurale PrEetoris Regii, iic. 16;'>7, 4to. Fenn, Warwell. Serms.. Colch., 1830. '36, 2 vols. 8vo. Fenue, Thomas. Fenne's Fruits, Lon., 1590, 4to. This work treats of Fame, War, the Trojans, Ac. Fennel, James, 1766-1816, a native of London, an actor, emigrated to Philadelphia, where he died. 1. State- ment of Facts rel. to a disturb, at the Edin. Theatre, 1788, 8vo. 2. Lindor and Clara; a Comedy. 1791, 8vo. 3. Pro- ceedings at Paris, 1792, 8vo. 4. Apology for his Life, 1814, 2 vols. See Biog. Dramat. Fenner, Dudley, d. 15S7, aged about 30, a Puritan divine, pub. several theolog. treatises, 1583-94, and the Artes of Logike and Rhetorike, 1584, 4to. See Bibl. Brit. Fenner, Lud. John. Serm., 1777, 8vo. Fenner, Wm., b. 1600, d. abuut 1G40, a Puritan di- vine, educated at Pembroke Hall, Camb., became a preacher at Sedgeley, Stafiordshire; Rector of Rochiord, Essex, 1629. Works, consisting of Serms. and Discourses, Lon., 1657, fol. *' His works discover much acquaintance with religion in all its parts ; his inanuer plain, zealous, and alarming." — Wdhanis's C. P. Feuning, Daniel. Works on mathematics, geo- graphv, philology, and commerce, Lon., 1750-72. See Bibl. Brit. Fennor, Wm. 1. Fennor*s Defence, Lon., 1615, 8vo, 2. Speeches before the King and Queen, Ac, 1616, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 916, £5 5». Reprinted in Nichols'3 Progresses of K. James I. 3. The Compter's Common- wealth, 1617, 4to. This describes the troubles of an un- fortunate debtor in the hands of Serjeants and jailers. 4. Lawes, .Justice, and Equity of a Compter, 1629, 4to. Fenton, Edward, d. 1603, a navigator, a native of Nottinghamshire, and a brother of Sir tieoffrey Fenton. Certaine Secretes and Wonders of Nature, Lon., 1569, 4to. Voyage to Magellan in 1582, written by his Vice-Admiral, Luke Ward. See Callander's Voyages, i., p. 373, 1766, Fenton, Elijah, 1683-1730, a native of Shelton, Staffordshire, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., is best known as the assistant of Pope in the trans, of the Odyssey. In this capacity he has already come under our notice. See Broome, William. Although, according to Johnson and Warton, Fenton trans, only the 1st, 4th, 19th, and 20th books, yet the Earl of Orrery asserts that he really trans, double the number of books that Pope has owned: — '• His reward was a trifle — an an-ant trille. He has even told me that he thou^'ht Pope feared him more than he loved him. Ue had no npiuiou of Pope's heart, and declared hioi, in the words of Bishop Atterbury, Meiis curva in corpore cun'o." — Earl of Orrery's Lfiter to Mr. Duncomhe. He was for some time master of the Free Grammar School at Sevenoaks, Kent, and subsequently tutor to Lord Broghill, son of his friend, the Earl of Orrery. 1. Poems on several occasions, Lon., 1717, 8vo. 2. Mari- anne ; a Tragedy, 8vo. " The tenor of his verse is so uniform that it cannot he thought casual: and yet, upon what principle he so constructed it as it is, is difficult to discover." — Dr. JuhnsQiCs Lift of Fenton. 3. Waller's Poems, with Notes, 1729. *' Notes often useful, often entertaining, but too much extended by long quotations from Clarendon. Illustrations drawn fi-om a book so easily consulted should be made by references rather than transcription." — Dr. Johnson : vhi supra. Life of Miltoit prefixed to the 2'ocms of the latter, 1723. "He undertook to revise the punctuation of Milton's poems, which, as the author neither wrote the original copy nor corrected the press, was supposed to be capable of amendment. To this edi- tion he prefixed a short and elegant account of Milton's life, written at once with tenderness and integrity." — Da. Johnson : tdn supra. See Johnson's Lives of the English Poets; Nichols's Poems; Bowles's ed. of Pope; Ruffhead's Pope; Spence's Anecdotes. Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, Geffrey, or Jeffrey, d. 1608, a brother of Edward Fenton, q. v., was a sagacious statesman, for twenty-seven years "privy-councillor in Ireland," and a great favourite with Queen Elizabeth. 1. Certain Tragicall Discourses, Written out of Frencho and Latiue, Lon., 1567, '79, 4to. '" In point of selection of size, perhaps the most capital collection of this kind is Fenton's book of tragical novels." — Warton's Hist. of Eng. Pnetry. " The learned stories erste, and sugred tayles that laye Kemoude from simple common sence, this writer doth displaye." — George Tubervtlle : Kecommendatory Poems, prefixed to Certain 7^-agicall Discmirses. Golden Epistles, from Guevara and other Authours, La- tin, French, and Italian, 1575, 77, '82, 4to. The Epistles of Guevara, in this vol., are not contained in the collection of his Epistles pub. by Edward llellowes in 1674. Fenton pub. several other translations into English, the best known of which is The History of Guieciardin, 1579, ful.; 2d cd., 1599, ful.; 3ded., 1618, foL " Fenton is a good old translator." — Loii. Qmr. Rev. '■ Even Guicciardin's siluer Historie, and Ariosto'sgolden Cantos, growe out of refjuest. and the Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia is not greene enough for queasie stomaches, but they must haue Greene's Arcadia." — Gjbriel Harvey's Foure Letters, nia, in Med. Chir. Trans., ISll. Fenwick, H. O. The Goblin Groom. Edin., 1S07, 4to. Fenwick, Thomas. 1. Practical Mechanics, Newc, 1801, Svo. 2. Subterraneous Surveying, &c., 1804, Svo. Fenwick, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1642, '43, 4tn. Fenwick, Wm. Semi.. 1701, 8vn. Fenwieke, Lt, Col, John. Christ ruling in the miilst of his Enemies, Lon., 1643, 4to. Ferebe, George. R. AbrahamiFil. Rattani, Prcecep- ta Judaicaaffirmativaacnegativa; Lat. ; Camb., 1597, Svo. Fergns, Henry. Laws and Institutions of Moses, Dumf. and Lon., (1811.) Svo. This is detached from the author's unpublished Hist, of the Hebrews. "His pamphlet displ.iys in a concise yet luminouB manner the several topirs whirh the ecclesiastical government of the Hebrews includes." — Lon. Month. Rev. 2. Hist, of the U. States of America, 1492-1829, Lon., 1830-32, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. The Testimony of Nature and Revelation to the Being, Perfection, and Govt, of God, Edin.. 1833. p. Svo. '• It displays infinitely more of orii^inal thought and patient re- search than the volumes published by the Managers of his Lord- ship's [the Bridgewattr] Legacy." — Lon. Athentsum. '• He has avowedly availed himself at times of Ray. Derham, and Paley; but his volume has many sources of illustration not known to tliose writers."— Z.'>n. Month. Hev. Also commended in the Cong. Mag., Evang. Mag., Dubl. tJniv. Mag., &c. 4. Readings in Natural Theology, Oxf., 1S3S, fp. Svo. Fergnson. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to. Ferguson. Encroachments of Chas. XL, 1689. Ferguson. View of an Ecclesiastick, 1698, 4to. Ferguson and Vance. Tenure of Land in Ireland, 1854, Svo. " A very full and detailed statement of the various modes of holding laud in Ireland, the cultivation of the soil, its products, and value." — Dfmakhon''s AgricuH. Biog. Ferguson, Adam. Serm., 1745. Ferguson, Adam, LL.D., 1724-1816, a son of the Rev. Adam Ferguson, minister of Logic Rait, Perthshire, was educated at the University of St. Andrew's, where be was distinguished for his acquirements. In 1744 he en- tered the 42d regiment as chaplain, and occupied this post until 1757, when he accepted the situation of tutor in the family of Lord Bute. In 1759 he was chosen Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh, and five years later, in 1764. obtained the professorship of Mo- ral Philosophy. From 1773 to 1775 he travelled on the Continent with the Earl of Chesterfield. In 1778 he was appointed secretary to the commissioners sent to America to endeavour to effect an amicable compromise with the FER con'n'ess representing the different States. In 1785 he re- signed the professorship of Moral Philosophy in favour of Dugald Stewart. Late in life he paid another visit to the Continent, and on his return retired to St. Andrew's, where he lived in the enjoyment of literary society until 1816, when ho died, in the 93d year of his age. 1. An Essay on the Hist, of Civil Society, Edin., 1767, 4to; 7th ed., Lon., 1811, Svo. "There are uncommon strains of eloquence in it; and I was surprised to find not one single idiom of his country (I thiukj in the whole work. His appliratiou to the heart is frefiuent, and often successful. His love of Montesquieu and Tacitus has led him into a manner of writinii too short-winded and sententious, which those great men, had they lived in hetter times, and under a better government, would have avoided." — Gray, t/ic p':et. 2. Institutes of Moral Philosophy, for the use of Stu- dents, Edin., 1769, '70, 12mo. 3. A Reply to Dr. Price on Civil and Religious Liberty, 1776. 4. The Hist, of the Progress and Termination of the Roman Republic, Lon., 178:1, 3 vols. 4to; 1805, 5 vols. Svo. The value of this work is well Itnown. " Authentic and dignified ; and the latter volumes, on the strug- gles and termination of the Republic, are full of interesting reflec- tions." — Ch.vncellor Kent. " I comfort myself, that as my trade is the study of human na- ture, I could not fix on a more interesting corner of it than the end of the Roman republic. Whether my compilations should ever deserve the attention of any one besides myself, must remain to be determined after they are further advanced." — Zetfcr to Ed- waril mlihon, IWi April, 1776, be/ore the completion of the work as piilitishcd. Ferguson's History is carried down to the end of the reign of Tiberius, and should be read as an introduction to Gibbon's Decline and Fall. Ferguson was also the au- thor of several minor publications. See Chambers's Lives of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen ; Soots Mag. ; Public Cha- racters, 1799, 1800 : Lockhart's Life of Scott; Encyc. Brit. Ferguson, Andrew. The Gardener's Universal Guide, "Lon., 17SS, Svo. Ferguson, Andrew, M.D. Med. Researches, 1801. Ferguson, or Fergusson, David. Collection of Scottish Proverbs. Printed about 1598. Reprinted, Edin., 1785. Ferguson, Elizabeth Grteme, 1739-1801. a native of Philadelphia, was a daughter of Dr. Thomas Grseme, an eminent Scotch physici.an, settled in Philadelphia, son-in- law to Sir William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania, 1717- 1726. She married Hugh Henry Ferguson, a Scotchman, from whom she was separated in 1775, in consequence of Mr. Ferguson's adherence to the British Government on the occurrence of the American Revolution. She trans. FenCdon's Telemachus into English heroic verse; this has not been printed; (the MS. is in the Franklin Library, Phila. ;) but some of her minor poems, letters, &c. have been given to the world. For an interesting account of this lady, and an estimate of her merits as an author, and some specimens of her composition, see Griswold's Female Poets of America. See also E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit., for her poetical correspondence with Rev. Nathaniel Evans, which is not without merit. Ferguson, H. Serm., 1743, Svo. Ferguson, or Fergusson, James, Minister at Kil- winning, Scotland. 1. Expos, of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Philippians and Colossians, Lon., 1656, Svo. 2. E.xpos. of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Qalatians and Ephesians, 1659, 12mo. " They abound with pertinent observations deduced from the text considered in its proper connexion, and in a method almost peculiar to the Scottish divines of the last century."— Z'r. Wilr liams's C. P. 3. Expos, of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Thessalonians, 1675, 12mo. "These short expositions [all of the above] are uncommonly sensible, and display very considerable capacity for explaiuing tho Bible."— Omif's Bibl. Bib. New ed. of the above, in 1 vol. large Svo, Lon.. 1S41. 4. Serms. on the Errors of Toleration, Erastianism, Inde- pendency, and Separation, with four occasional Serms., Edin., 1698, Svo. "A good old Scotch writer."— Bfc;,ersW/i's C. S. Ferguson, James, 1710-1776, a native of Keith, Bamffshire, whilst yet very young, without the advantages of education, exhibited a remarkable genius for mechanical and astronomical investigations. Whilst employed in the humble capacity of a shepherd, he continued his studies with untiring zeal. In 1743 he came to London, where he attracted great attention by the publication of astrono- mical tables, and the delivery of lectures, repeated in many towns in England, on experimental philosophy. A list of his publications and contributions to Phil. Trans, will be found in Bibl. Brit. Works, edited by Sir David Brewster, 587 FER FER Edin., 5 vols. 8vo. Lectures on select Subjects in Mccha- ! nics, Hydrostatics, &c., edited by Sir B. B., 2 vols. 8vo. Astronomy explained upon Sir T^^aac Newton's principles, 1821, 2 vols, 8vo. New ed., 18-11, 2 vols. 8vo. "He was universally considered as at the head of astronomy and mechanics in this nation of philosophers; and he raij!;ht justly he styled self-taught, or rather heaven-tauirht, for iu his whole life he had not received above half a year's instruction at school." — Encyc. Brit. See Chambers's Lives of TUust. and Dist. Scotsmen. Fergruson, Sir James, of Kilhenam, one of the sena- tors of the College of Justice. Decisions of the Ct. of Ses- sions, 1738-52, in the form of a Dictionary. Pub. by his son, Edin., 1755, fol. Ferguson, James. 1. Volunteer Corps, Edin., 1806, Svo. 2. Reform in Civil Justice, 1807, 8vo. 3. New Biog. Diet, 1810, 18mo. 4. Bill rel. to separate Tribunal, 1824, Svo. 5. Entails, 1830, Svo. "A well-timed and admirable treAtise." — Ayr Advertiser. 6. Addit. Obs. on Entails, 8vo. 7. Actions of Divorce, 1823. 8vo. *' The discussions embrace some of the most important, and, per- haps, some of the most difficult, questions which can be agitated in a court of law.'' — Lon. Quart. Rev. 8. Consistorial Law in Scotland, 1829. 8vo, Ferguson, John. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1738. Ferguson, or Fergusson, John. A Diet, of the Hindostan Language, Lon., 1773, 4to. The principal part of the impression was lost at sea. Ferguson, Robert, d. 1714. was ejected in 1662 from his living of Godmarshara, Kent. 1. Justification, Lon., 1668, 12mo. 2. Moral Virtue, 1673, 8vo. 3. The Interest of Keason in Religion, of the Use of Scripture Metaphors, Ac, 1675. 8vo. " Part of a controversy in which the author and some others were engaged with Dr. Sherlock. . . . Ferguson's work contaips some judicious remarks on the use of reason in religion, and also on the metaphysical language of Scripture." — Orme's Bill. Brit. Other works. For a notice of works pub. against Fergu- son's views, see Lowndes's Brit. Librarian, 758. Ferguson, Robert. 1. The Shadow of the Pyramid; a series of Sonnets, Lon., 1847, fp. 8vo. 2. The Pipe of Repose; or. Recollections of Eastern Travel, 1848, 12mo; 3d ed., 1852, sq. " We do not disparage * Eothen,' when we offer an opinion that It is Eotheti in niiTiiature, Enfhen in spirit, Eothen in popular at- traction, and quite Eothen iu talent." — Lon. Literari/ Gaz. 3. Swiss Men and Swiss Mountains, 1853, 16mo. Ferguson, Robert. A Catalogue of Books in his Library. Edin., 1S17, 4to. Privately printed. Ferguson, Robert, See Feugusson. Ferguson, Win. Interest Tables, Edin., 1839, 12mo. New ed., 1853, 12mo. "For completeness, simple arrangement, and consequent ease of reference, these Tables excel every work on Interest which we have yet seen." — .Scotsman. Ferguson, Wm. 1. Spiritual Ruin, &c. in the dio- cese of Oxford, Lon. 2. The Impending Danger of our Country. 1848, fp. 8vo. "The facts of this volume are heart-rending and appalling, and the nature of the remedy is a probU-ni whirh OTiuht earnestly to occupy every politician and every enlarged Christian." — A'onc&n- Jurmtst. Ferguson, Wm. D. 1. Practice of Cts. in Ireland, Dubl.. 1841, '42, 2 vols. Svo. "■ Of the treatises which have appeared on the practice of the Courts, I may especially allude to that of Mr. Ferguson, a work of very great merit and very considerable accuracy." — Professor Napier. 2. Practical Proceed, and Pleadings of Cts. in Ireland, 1845, 8vo. 3. Irish Cts. Registrations, 1846, 12mo. 4. Law of Railway Companies in Ireland, 1848, 12mo. 5. Code rel. to Churches, Lon., 1851, 8vo. 6. Tenure and iinprov, of Land in Ireland, 1851. Svo. Fergusone,or Fergusson, David. Sermon preachit befoire the Regent and Nubilitic, Sant'tandrois, 1572, Svo. Fergusson, David. Epitbalamium mysticum Salo- monis Regis, Ac, Edin., 1677, 12mo. Fergusson, James. 1. Ancient Topog. of Jerusa- lem, 1847, imp. Svo. 2. Ancient Architecture in Hindos- tan, Lon., 1847, fol. " Exquisite specimens of artistic skill, enhanced in value by the Ciithfuliiess with which every scene and place is recorded." — Lon. Art Union. 3. Hist. Inquiry into the true Principles of Beauty in Art, more especially with reference to Arehitceture, 1S48, imp. 8vo. See commendation in Lon. Eclectic Review. 4. The Palaces of Nineveh and Pei'sepolis Restored, 1851, Svo. *'This lionk contains many things of general interest relating to one of the most wonderful discoveries that have occurred in the his- tory of the world." — Lon. Gent. Mag. Other works. Fergusson, Robert, 1750-1774, a Scotch poet of con- 5SS siderablo merit, was a native of Edinburgh, and educated at the University of St. Andrew's. He contributed many pieces to Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine, (commenced in 1768,) which he pub. in a volume in 1773, Edin., 12moj Perth, 1789, 2 vols. 12mo; Glasg., 1800, 12mo. AVith Life, by Alex. Peterkin, Edin., 1807, Greenock, 1810, Svo. With Life, by David Irving ; numerous edits. A new ed. has re- cently been pub. by A. FuUarton. Edinburgh. '*The most correct and authc-ntic colleLtiou of the works of Fer- gusson extant." — North British Mail. "An edition of Fergusson, such as this is — complete, careful, and handsome — was wanted, and is welcome." — Scotsman. Habits of dissipation resulted in poverty and despond- ency, and the poet ended his life in the Insane Asylum at Edinburgh. An interesting memoir of Fergus.^on will be found in Chambers's Lives of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen. Burns greatly admired Fergusson, and was stimulated to poetical composition by reading his effusions. He erected a monument to his memory in the Canongate churchyard, and often bewails his unhappy end, both in his prose and poetical pieces. Wo nuute the following elegy, written by Burns in a copy of Fergusson's works: "Curse on ungrateful man that can be pleased, And yet can starve the author of his pleasure! Oh. thou, my elder brother in misfortune; By far my elder brother in the muses. With tears I pity thy unhappy fate! "Why is the bard untitted for the world. Yet has so keen a relish of its pleasures?" This is all very absurd. If "the bard" would cultivate industry and virtue, instead of addicting himself to the "good sherria sack," he would do well enough in "the world." Fergusson, Robert. 1. Representation in Scotland, &c., 1792, Svo. 2. Proceed, rel. to Earl of Thanet, &c.. 1799, Ac. Fergusson, Wm., M.D. 1. Con. to Med. Chirurg. Trans., ISU, '13. 2. Notes and Rccollec. of a Profesa. Life, edited by his son, James Fergusson, Lon., 1846, 8vo, " To the medical ofBcer. and. we may add. in many instances, to the civil practitioner also, it cannot fell to prove both interesting and useful." — United S'-n^ice Gaz. 3. A System of Practical Surgery, 1842, fp. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1852; 4th Amer. from the 3d Lon. ed., Phila., 1854, Svo. '■ We feel persuaded it will prove as great a fiivourite as it de- serves." — Edin. Jour, of M^d. Science. ■'No work was ever written which more nearly comprehended the necessities of the student and practitioner, and was more care- fully arianged to that single purpose than this."— A'; Y. Med. and Surf/. Jour. Fermar, Henrietta Louisa, Countess of Pomfret. Corrcsp. between her .and the Countess of Hartford, {after- wards Duchess of Somerset,) Lon.. 1803, 3 vols. 12mo. Ferme, Cbarles, d. about 1620, a native of Edin- burgh, regent 1589. afterwards minister of Fraserburgh. Analysis Logiea in Epistolam Apostoli Pauli ad Romanos, Edin.. 1651, 12mo. "A small but very excellent work, in which the argument and meanint; of the apostle ai-e very accurately unfolded." — Orme's Bill. Bih. Fcrmor,\Vm. Cow-pox and small-pox, Lon.,1800,8TO. Fern, Or. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1698. Fern, Fanny. See Parton, Mrs. Sauah P. Fern, Robert. Funl. serm.. Lon.. 1710, 8vo. Fern, Thomas. Cure for the King's Evil, Lon., 4to. Fernandez, Eleonora. The Economy of the Hu- man Mind, Lon.. 8vo. Feme, Henry, D.D.. 1602-1661, a native of York, educated at .St. Mary Hall. Oxf., and Trin. Coll., Camb. He became Archdeacon of Leicester, Dean of Ely, Master of Trin. Coll., Camb., and Vice-Chanceller. and in 1661 Bishop of Chester. He pub. four tracts against the Re- bellion, 1642, '43, two serms., 1644-49. and five treatises in defence of the Ch. of Eng. against Romanism and Pres- byterianism, 1647-60. His tract. On Submission to tho Church, will be found in Tracts Angl. Fathers, iii. 11. Feme, Sir JoIin,d. aboutlOlO, an eminent antiquary, father of the iireceding. was educated at Oxford, whence he went to the Middle Temple. The Blazon of Gentrie: deuidcd into two Parts. The first named The Glorio of Generositiej the second, Lacy's Nobilitie, Lon., 1586, 4to. According to Dallaway, this was the most complete epi- tome then extant. Feme, or Fern, Robert. Scrms., Lon., 1721, Svo. Feme, AV'm. Tract on Adam's sin, rel. to a Letter to C. lieatty. ami Remarks by Vifm. Ferguson, Lon., 12mo. Fcmehoush, Wm,, Vicar of Aspatria. 1. Trent- ham Park ; a I'oom. Lon.. 1789, 4to. 2. Poems, 1814, 8vo. Fernei, Jolin. Christian Reconciler. 1801, ]2mo. Fernie, John. 1. Hist, of the Town and Parish of Dunfermline; Dunfcrm., 1815, Svo. 2. Serms., 1SI8, Svo. FER FER Feroii, John. Farriery. Lue., 1803. 4to; 1809, 8vo. Ferrall, Denis. Book-Kceping, Dubl., 8vo. Ferrall, S. A. Under this name appeared Nos. 1 and 3 of the works nf O'Fkrhall, Simon A., q.v, ; Ferrar, John. 1. Hist, of Limerick, Liin., 17S7, 8vo. : 2. Tour from I)ul)Iin to Loudon in 17'J5, Dubl. 1796, 8vo. 3. View of Anc and Mod. Dublin, 1796, 8vo. | Ferrar, Nicholas, I592-1H37, one of the most ex- ; cellent of men, in great reputation for learning and piety, a native nf London, was educated at Claro Hall, Cam- bridge. He acted for some time as secretary to tbc Vir- | ginia Company, and in 1624 was chosen member of Par- i liament. In the last-mentioned year he purchased the , lordship of Little Gidding, in the county of Huntingdon, ' where, with his mother, sister, and other relations — he never married — to the number of forty pcr.'^ons, be esta- ^ blished what has often been called The English Nunnery, i More properly speaking, the community of Little Gidding worshipped God after the strict model of ancient devotion, i In the words of Bishop Home, "The pious Mr. Nicholiis Ferrar exhibited in the last century ! an instance of a Protestant family in which a constant course of | Psalmody was appointed, and so strictly kept up. that, through j the whole four and twenty hours of day and night, there was no portion of time when some of the members were not employed in ' the pevformintr that most pleasant part of duty and devotion." — Qiminent on CXXXIV. Psalm. \ This excellent family did not only " show piety at home," j but were the nurses, the counsellors, the bodily and spiri- | tual physicians, of the whole neighbourhood. Whether i the community of Little Gidding had too much piety or not, it less becomes the reader tt) inquire, than whether i he himself have enough ! If the banqueting hall of j Lucullus were more frequently converted into the oratory I of Little Gidding, it would be difficult to show that society , or the world would be the loser. We would fain linger on this pleasing theme, but must refer the reader to Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas , Ferrar, by the Rev. P. Peckard, D.D., Camb., 1790, 8vo. ; \ abridged, Lou., 1S52, fp. 8vo; to Chalmers's Biog. Diet., ' and to Dibdin's Bibliomania. Nicholas Ferrar pub., with- out his name, a trans, of the 110 Considerations brought out of Italy by Vergerius, Ac, Oxf.. 1638. j Ferrar, Robert, Bishop of St. David's, 1548, burned, 1555, was an ancestor of the preceding. Bishop Burnet says he was one of the committee nominated to compile ! the English liturgy, but his name does not appear among those who prepared the new liturgy in 1547. Probably ' Burnet refers to the correction of the liturgy in 1540. \ Ferrar's name appears as one of the signers to the confes- | sion of faith. May 8, 1554. See Foxe's Acts and Monu- ments, Athen. Oxon. Ferrarius, James Alex. Euclides Catholicus, Lon., 1673, 4to ; Oxon., 1680, 8vo. In English, by J. D., Lon., 1673, Svn. See Athen. Oxon. Ferrebee, Michael. Serm., Lon., 1732, 4to. Ferrerius, Johannes. See Fehriek, John. Ferrers, Edward, is raentiuned by Wood as the author (died 1564) of several Tragedies, Comedies, and Interludes, but Wood quotes from Puttenham, who calls George Ferrers, Edward Ferrers. It is therefore very doubtful whether Edward Ferrers, who was of a War- wickshire family, is entitled to be ranked among authors. See Bliss's notes in his ed. of Athen. Oxon., i. 340, 445. Ferrers, George, 1512?-1579, a lawyer, historian, and poet, a native of a village near St. Alban's, Hertford- shire, after receiving his education at Oxford, removed to Lincoln's Inn, where he rose to great distinction. He trans. Magna Charta into Latin and English, and the Laws enacted temp. Henry III. and Edw. I. into English, and wrote six of the poetical chronicles in the Mirror for Magis- trates:—!. The Fall of Robert Tresilian. 2. The Tragedy of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. 3. The Tragedy of Richard II. 4. The Story of Dame Eleanor Cobham. 5. The Story of Humphrey Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester. 6. The Tragedy of Edward, Duke of Somer- set. We have already had occasion to notice this grand old work. The Mirror for Magistrates. See Baldwin, Wil- liam ; Dorset, Thomas Sackville, Eahl OF ; and autho- rities cited under former name. Ferrers seems to have been accomplished in the manners of the day, and sus- tained the office of Lord of Misrule with great credit. "George Ferrers, gentleman of Liocolns-inn, beint; lord of all the disportes all the 12 days of Christmas, anno MDLIII., at Green- wich: also fo plt-nsantly and wisely behaved himself, that the king bad gre.it ilelight in his pasty nies."—.S/')ifc's C/iroH.,p. 632. "Being of IjettfT credit and estimation than fODimonlie his pre- decessors had beenc before, he received all his commissions and warrants by the name of the Maisteb of lUJi Kl^■o's PASiiMEa." — H'dinsh'd'i C'iron., iii.. p. 1067 : col. ii. 10. See Warton's HUt. of Kuf];. I'oetry ; liiog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Brydges's PhilUps'sTheii- trum Put'taram. Ferrers, Henry, 1579-1663, of the same family as the preceding, educated at Oxford, made collections used by Dugdale in his Antiiiuities of Norwichshire. Sumo of his poetical pieces were pub., and he left some MS. compo- sitions. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. He left behind him the character of " A well-bred gent., a good neighbour, and an honest man." — Athen. Oxon. Ferrers, Richard. The Worth of Woman; a Poem, Lon., 1622. 8vo. Ferrerz, George. See Ferrers. F'errey, Benjamin. Hist, of the Priory of Christ Church, Hampshire, Lon.. 1S34, 4to, and imp. 4to. This magniticent edifice is suppo.=ed to be coeval with Rufus. Ferriar, John, M.D., 1764-1S15, a native of Chester, physician to the Manchester Infirmary, possessed great literary taste, and was an excellent critic. 1. The Prince of Angola; a Trag., altered from the Play of Oronooko; Lon., 1788, 8vo. 2. Medical Histories and Keflections, 1792-8, 3 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1810, 3 vols. 8vo. 3. Illus- trations of Sterne, with other Essays, Manehes., 1799, 8vo ; Lon., 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. Sterne is proved to have pillaged largely from Burton, Hall, and the old French novelists. Ferriar gives a Biographical and Critical account of the ** Shandy Library." " If Vie propose to look closely into the style of composition which Sternf tliought proper to adopt, we find a sure guide in the inge- nious Dr. Ferriar, who. with the nioBt singular patience, has traced oin* author through the hidden sources whence he borrowed most of his striking and peculiar expressions." — Sir W. Scott. 4. Foxglove, Manehes., 1799. 12mo. 5. Bibliomania; an Epistle to Richard llcber, Esq., Lon., 1809, 8vo ; and in the 2d ed. of the Illustrations of Sterne, &c. " I will not. however, disguise to you that I read it with uniform delight, aud that I rose from the perusal with a keen appetite for 'The S'Uiall, rare volume, black wiih tarnished gold.'" Z>ibdin's Bibliftmaniu, ed. ISll, p. 3. Of Dr. Ferriar's bibliomania, and of the disease itself, we have had something to say in our article, Dibbin, Thomas Frognall, q. v. 6. Ad Essay towards a Theory of Apparitions, 1813, 8vo. Highly commended. 7. Case of Hydrophobia; in Med. Facts, 1791. Ferriby, John. Short Discourse rel. to Preachers, Lon., 1653. Ferrier, James, Prof, of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy, St. Andrew's, son-in-law of the late Professor John Wilson. 1. Institutes of Metaphysics, the Theory of knowingand being, Edin. and Lon., 1854, p. 8vo. "This is no ordinary book. If we mistake not, its publication ■will mark an epoch in the history of speculation in this country. The author is familiar with what has been done in this field by an- cients and moderns; and hisacutenessand independence of think- ing are as conspicuous us his learning. The author himself knows that his case so stands, and he does not affect to conceal from you the fact of his knowing it. . . . We have said enough, we hope, concerning Mr. Ferriei's book, to commend it effectually to such of our readers as are wont to be interested in publications of this nature."— iJrt((i/* Qiiar. Rev. "Both among the details which command our assent, and in examining the leading principle from which we have so widely differed, we meet an indepfudent devotion to speculations that we love, as rare as it is refreshing in these degenerate days^. When we turn from these pages to the dull wildernL'ss of i nmuioiii.iace which spreads over most ofthe literature that now c-ill^ it^.-lliiliild- sophic^il, we remember the inclination of the philosoiihir limniin : — Kerabe undo cum PUdone, quam cum isti.^ vera sentur." — North Brit. Bev. 2. The Works of Prof. John Wilson, edited by Prof. Ferrier, 12 vols. 12mo: i., ii.. 1855; iii.-vi., 1856; vii.-x., 1857; xi., xii.. 1858. Ferrier, John. Historia Monasterii, a Kenlos Ordi- nis Cisterciensis in Scotia, claware from its Discovery by Hud- sou to the Colonization under William Penu, Wilmington, Del., 1846, 8vo. Ferris, Benj. G., late Secretary of Utah Territory. Utah and the Mormons, N. York, 1854, 12mo. Ferris, James. 1. Strictures on the Eng. Constitu- tion, Lon., 1806, Svo. 2. Union with Ireland. Ferris, Richard. Adventures of himself and others in a row in a wherry-bo.at, ic, Lon., 1590, 4to. Ferris, Samuel, M.D. 1. Disputatio de Sanguinis, Ac, Edin., 1784, Svo. 2. Coll. of Physic, Lon., 1795, Svo. 3. Con. to Med. Facts, 1791. Ferris, Sarah. Mental Perceptions, 1807, 12mo. Ferry. Relation of Sir Thos. Roe's Voy. to B. India. See Valli's Travels, p. 325, 1665. Ferryman, R. 1. Brit. Quadrupeds and Birds in his Museum, Brist, 1789, Svo. 2. Brit. Quadrupeds and Birds in the Brit. Zoiil. Mus., Lon., 1795, Svo. Fessenden, Thomas, d. 1813, aged 74, minister of Walpulc, New Hampshire. 1. Science of Sanctity, 1804, Svo. 2. The Boston self-styled Gentleman Reviewers Re- viewed, 1806. Fessenden, Thomas Green, 1771-1837, anative of Walpole, New Hampshire, and a son of the above. 1. Ter- rible Tracturatiun; a Poem, by Christopher Caustic, 1S03, Svo. Anon. This is a defence of the Metallic Tractors of Perkins. 2. Orig. Poems, 1804, 12mo. 3. The Minute Philo- sopher, 1806. This is an enlargement of No. 1. A third ed. was pub. tow.ards the close of his life. 4. Democracy Unveiled, 1806, 12mo. 5. American Clerk's Companion, 1815. 6. Law of Patents for New Inventions, 2d ed., 1822, Svo. Severely criticized and condemned in N. Amer. Rev., xvi. 199. Mr. F. wrote many Essays on Agriculture, and was editor of the N. England Farmer, The Horticul- tural Register, The Silk JIanual, The Reporter, The In- telligencer, and The Monitor. An interesting account of him will be found in E. A. and 6. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Festeau, Paul. Fr. and Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1675, Svo. Festing, Michael. Serms., Lon., 1757, '59. Fetherstone, Rev. Christopher. Dialogue against Dauncing, Lon., 1582, 8vo: trans., and other works, 1584-87. Fettiplace, Thomas. 1. The Celesti.al Lampe, Lon., 1637, 24nio. 2. The Sinner's Tears, 1688, 12mo. Feuillerade, Peter, Rector of Bygrave. Serm., 1777, 4to. Fewterer, John. The Myrrour, or Glasse of Christe's Passion, 1634, fol. Trans, into English at the desire of Lord Hussey. Feylde, Thomas. A lylel Treatyse called the Co- trauersc bytwcno a Loner and a Jaye, Lon., by W. de Worde, 4to. This rare ])oem, in six lines stanzas, was sold for £39 in the Roxburghe sale, 3274. 2. The Coplaynte of a Loner's Lyfe, Lon., by Wynkyn de Worde, 4to ; Rox- burghe, 3283, 68«. New ed., Lon., 1818, 4to. Presented to the members of the Roxburghe Club by the Rev. T. F. Dibdin, D.D. 30 copies, and one upon vellum. Sykes, £7. _ Dent, £3 Is. Fidalgo, S. A Lecture of Moving Figures, Lon., 1768, Svo. A political pamphlet. Fiddes, Richard, D.D., 1671-1725, a native of Ilum- manby, near Scarborough, was educated at Oxford, and became Rector of Halsham about 1694. Having lost the power of free utterance, he devoted himself to authorship. 1. A Body of Divinity, Lon., 1718-20, 2 vols. fol. This was well received, but now seems neglected. 2. 46 Prac- FIE tical discour.ses, 171.3-15, 3 vols. Svo. Dr. Waterland com- mends them in his Advice to a Student. 3. 52 Practical Discourses, 1720, '28, fol. i. Life of Cardinal Wolsey, 1724, '26, fol.; 1742, 4 vols. Svo. "In-. Kiddcs vilifies the Hef.jjmation, depreciates the instrn- ments of it. and palliates the ahsurdities of the Romish Church " — Dii. Kmobt: Life r,f Erasmus. There is but little vivacity in Fiddes's biography. R&. specting the Life of Wolsey, see Cave.vuish, Georoe 5. Treatise of Morality, 1726, Svo. Fiddes also pub. an answer to an attack upon his Life of Wolsey, and some minor pieces. Fiddler, Rev. Isaac. Observations on Professions, Literature, Manners, and Emigration, in the United States and Canada, made during a residence there in 1832 Lon 1833, ]2mo, pp. 434. '' *' This is another precious specimen nf the class of books with which .John Bull is now legulajlv hunilnigijed three or four times a year, under the name of iilis.rvalinns on the state of society, manners, and literature, in tln' United States,"— Alexander H. Everett: N. Amer. Hev., ixxvii. 273. Ue:id this witty article, by an "eunnent hand." Fidel, Theop. Interesting Dialogue between the Parson and the Farmer, Lon., 1806, Svo. Fidell, Thomas. A Perfect Guide for a studious Young Lawyer; being Free, for Conveyancing, 1654, 4to; 1658, Svo. Fidge, Wm. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1764. Field, Baron. 1. Analysis of Blackstone's Comment., Lon., 1811, Svo; 3d ed., 1821, Svo; N. York, 1822, Svo. 2. Hints to Witnesses, Lon., 1815, Svo. 3. Geographical Memoirs of N. South Wales, by various Hands, 1825, Svo. See an article on the Australian Colonies, with notices of Wentworth's, Carr's, and Field's works, in the London Quarterly Review, xxxii, 311. Field, Chester. Scripture Illustrated by interesting Facts, edited by Rev. John Todd, D.D., Lon., 1850, ISmo. Field, Edwin W. Observ. of a Solicitor on the Equity Courts, Lon., 1840, Svo. " A very able and wcll-writton pamphlet." — 4 Jurist, 113. Field, Frederick. Serm., Camb., 1834, Svo. Field, George, 1777-1854. I.Brit. School of Modern Artists, Lon., 1802, Svo. 2. Chromatics, or Harmony of Colours; new ed., 1845, Svo. 3. Outlines of Analytical Philosophy, 1839,2 vols. Svo. 4. Tritogonia: a Synopsis of Universal Hist. ; 3d ed., 1846, Svo. Other works. Field, Henry. Con. to Mem. Med.. 1799, 1805. Field, Rev. Henry M. The Irish Confederates, and the Rebellion of 1798, N. York, 1851, 12mo. "A personal and political historv, which has about it all the charm of romance."— r/ie Irish Amiriean. Field, Rev. James, of Antigu.a. Account of two cases of Wounds in the Stomach, Phil. Trsins., 1752. Cured. Field, John. Theolog. trans, and treatises, 1578-SS. Field, John. 1. Treatise on Prison Discipline, Lon., 1846, Svo. New ed., 1848, 2 voLs. Svo. 2. Life of John Howard, Lon., 1850, Svo. 3. Corresp. of John Howard, 1855, fp. Svo. Field, John. Posthumous Extracts from the Veteri- nary Records of the late John Field, edited by his brother, Wm. Field, Veterinary Surgeon, Lon., 1843, Svo. Field, i>Iartin, d. 1833, aged 60, of Fayetteville, Ver- mont, pub. treatises on mineralogy and natural history. Field, Matthew. See Feilde. Field, Matthew C, d. 1844. aged 32, whilst on a voyage from New llrleans to Boston, for the benefit of bis health. He contributed many poetical and other articles to the Southern journiils, under the signature of Phazma. Field, Nathaniel, a dramatic author, temp. James I. and Charles I., is supposed to be the .same Field who acted upon the stage. 1. A Woman's a ^^'cathercock ; a Com., Lon., 1612, 4to. 2. Amends for Ladies; a Com., 1639, 4to. 3. In conjunction with Massinger, The Fatal Dowry; a Trag., 1632, 4to. "A very good play." — Biog. Dramat. Field, Nathaniel, Rector of Stourton, Wilts, a son of Richard Field, D.D., author of the work entitled, Of the Church, pub. Memorials concerning the Life of Dr. Richard Field, with a Pref. by John Le Neve, Lon., 1716. Field, Richard, D.D., 1561-1616, a native of Hamp- sted, Hertfordshire, educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxf.; Di- vinity Reader to Lincoln's Inn, 1594; Rector of Burghclere, Hampshire, and Preb. of Windsor; Dean of Gloucester, 1610. He was in great reputation for learning, piety, and public usefulness. His great work, entitled, Of the Church, was first pub. in 1606, finir books, 1 vol. fob; 5th book, with an Appendix, 1610, fob; new ed. of the whole, Oxf., 162S, 1 vol. fol. ; again, with an Appendix and Defence, 1635, fol. New ed., Camb., 1847-52, 4 vols. Svo, 42».; FIE n^ain, 1S53, 4 vols. 8vo. See Tracts of the Angl. Fathers, iii. 73. AVhen Dr. Kettle endeavoured to persuade Dr. Field not to write this work, telling him that it would embroil him in controversy, he answered: " I will so write that they shall have no great mind to answer me." King James I. delighted to converse with Field on mat- ters of divinity; and when he first preached before him, he said: "Is his name Field? This is the Field for God to dwell in!" When he heard of his death, he exchumed : "I should have done nmre for that man." "He was in his time esteemed a principitl maintainer of Protes- tanoy, a powerful preacher, a profound schoolman, exact dispu- tant, and so admirable well knowing in the controversies between the Protestants and Papists, that few or none went beyond him in his time. He had a threat memory, and any lionk which he read he was able to carry away the substance of it in his memonr', and to give an account of all the material passages therein."— .4i/(£n. Ox(tn, " That learned divine, whose memory smelleth like a Field wbicn the Lord hath blessed."— Fuller. "This one volume, thoioughly understood and appropriated, will place you in the highest rank of doctrinal Churcb-of-Enpland divines, and in no mean rank as a true doctrinal Church historian." — Saml-el Taylor Coleridge: LitUr to Ins son, the Kev. Dei-iveM OAeridr/e. „ , ., ,. *' Field on the Church has been much praised by Colend!:;e. It is. as it seemi-d to me. a more temperate? work in ecclesiastical theory than some have represented it to 1k'. and written almost wholly atrainst Rome." — ITaUani's Introduc. to Lit. Hist. Dr. Field pub. a serm., 1604, 4to, and had in course of preparation a work entitled, A View of the Controversies in Religion, Ac. The Pref. to this unfinished work will be found in his son's Life of him. See Field, Nathaniel, and see Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., ii. 81. Field, Kichard Stockton, b. 1803, at Whitehill, N. Jersey. 1. The Provincial Courts of New Jersey, &.C., N.Y., 1849, Svo. 2. Address before the Surviving Members of the Convention to form a Constitution for N. Jersey in 1S44, Svo, 1863. 3. Address on the Power of Habit, 185-3. 4. Contributions to Collections N. Jersey Hist. Soc, &c. Field, Theop., Bishop of St. David's. Serm., Lon., 1624, 8vo. Field, Rev. W. Use of the Globes, 1811, 12mo. Field, Rev, W, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Opinions, of the Kev. Samuel Parr, LL.D., Lon., 1828, 2 vols. Svo. This interesting work contains anecdotes of many of the literary characters of the early part of the 19th oentury. Field, Wm. 1. Letter rel. to Dissenters. 1791. Svo. 2. Second do., 1791, Svo. 3. Pract. Ct. K. Bench in Per- sonal Actions, 3 pts., 1798. Field, Wm. See Field, John. Fielder, John, Petition to Pari., 1651, 4to. Fielder, Richard. Petition of the Waggoners, fol. Fielding, Charles George, son of the Earl of Derby. The Brothers; an Eclogue, Lon., 1781, Svo. Fielding, George, Surgical Cases, Lon., 1813, Svo. Fielding, Henry, 1707-1754, a son of Lieutenant- General Fielding, and great-grandson of William, third Earl of Denbigh, was born at Sharpham Park, Somersetshire, on the 22d of April. After prosecuting his classical studies at Eton, he went to the LTniversity of Leyden, where, for two FIE He returned to London, determined to put into profit- able exercise that knowledge of the law which he had ac- quired in happier days. There is every reason — excepting an apprehension of the return of convivial habits — to sup- pose that he would have succeeded in the arduous vocation which he had embraced with great zeal, had it not been for violent and repeated attacks of the gout, which forbade his attendance on the circuits. He therefore again .nought and obtained literary employment, and we soon find him as- sistant editor of The Champion, a periodical paper, and author of the essays On Conven^ation, On the Knowledge of the Characters of Men, and the Journey from this World to the Next. At this time also he produced some poetical compositions, which do not seem to have possessed any un- common merit. We should not omit to mention, as a proof of his diligence whilst yet engaged in legal pursuits, that he prepared a voluminous Digest of the Statutes at Large, in two folio volumes, which remained unpublished in the hands of his brother. Sir John Fielding, his successor in the post of Middlesex magistrate. He now gave to the world a curious satire, entitled The History of Jonathan Wild the Great, which has received the rather dubious compliment of being " Perhaps the most ingeniously-arranged description of a tissue of blackj^uardisms which has ever been given to the world." In 1742 appeared the novel of Joseph Andrews; in 1749 he pub. Tom Jones; and two years later gratified his large circle of admirers by the novel of Amelia, which he sold for £1000. In Amelia, the author drew a picture of his wife, to whom he was sincerely attached, and whose death he was culled upon to mourn whilst struggling amidst pecuniary embar- rassments. The mourner, however, did not absolutely re- fuse consolation. " His bio}j; raphe rs seem to have been shy of disclosing that, after the death of this charming; woman, he married her maid. And yet the act was not so discreditable to bis character as it may sound. The maid had few personal charms, but was an excellent creature, devotedly attached to her mistress, and almost broken-hearted for her loss." In the first agonies of hi.s own grief, whiih approached to frenzy, he found no relief but from weeping along with her; nor solace, when a decree calmer, but in talking of the angel tbey mutually regretted. This made her his habitual confidential asso- ciate, and in process of time he began to think he could not give his children a tenderer mother, or secure fur himself a moi-e faith- ful housekeeper and nuise. At least this was what he told his friends; and it is certain that her conduct as his wife confirmed it, and fullv justified his good opinion." — LdUrs and Warks of Lmli/ Mary Worthy Montagu. Edited by Lord Wharnclijfe. Introduc. Anecdolt;s. In 1745 Fielding supported the government in The True Patriot, and in 174S conducted a periodical of the same character, entitled The Jacobite's Journal. When 43 years of age, he received the appointment of a Justice of the Peace for the county of Middlesex, and retained this post until within a short time of his death. He seems, from his knowledge both of law and criminal character, to have been admirably adapted to this troublesome oflace, and evinced a laudable zeal for the public interest by publish- ing An Inquiry into the causes of the late increase of Rob- bers, 1751, and a Proposal for making an Effectual Pro- vision for the Poor, for amending their Morals, and for rendering them useful Members of Society, 1753. ''These tracts, having been written by the most eminent of Eng- lish novelists, have attracted fully as much attention as they were entitled to on account of their intrinsic merits. The first, how- years, he devoted himself to the investigation of civil law, The straitened circumstances of General Fielding placed I ever, is written with great force, and contains various statements TT • iT ■ ■*■ I • r 11 ™ * 1 »^ ' and reasonmtrs that throw a great deal of light on the causes of Henry m a mortifying position among his fellow-students, ^^j^^ ^^^ pauperism, and on the stite of the London poor at the and before the termination of his 2lst year he returned to London, and became a writer for the stage. His Comedy of Love in several Masques appeared in the same year — 1727 ^in which he returnefd to England, and notwithstanding the little encouragement which the author received, he produced a long list of plays, of which even the names are now unknown to the majority of readers. In 1734 Field- ing fell deeply in love with a celebrated beauty, Miss Charlotte Cradock, possessed of many accomplishments, and £1500. An immediate union was the result of this acquaintance, and the groom at this time coming into pos- session of about £200 per annum by the death of his mother, the young couple retired to their estate in the country. Hero they might have lived in comfort and respectability ; but these substantial blessings by no means satisfied the ambition of a gay cavalier, who aspired to a splendid esta- blishment and a crowd of boon companions. A host of time. But, like most other writers on the same suliject. Fielding has ascribed tar too much to legislative and police arrangements, and too little to the care and discretion of individuals." — McC'ul- Ifjcli's Lit. of Ihlit. Econ. The last service he rendered to the public in his official capacity was the extirpation — by the approbation of go- vernment, who placed a fund of £600 at his disposal for the purpose— of several gangs of thieves and highwaymen who grievously afflicted the good citizens of London. Al- though now in a wretched state of health, he contrived for a twelvemonth to edit with great ability a new semi-weekly periodical, entitled The Covent-Gardeu Journal, which be- came a great favourite with the public. In 1754 he sailed for Lisbon for the benefit of his health, and died October S, two months after his arrival, in the 4Sth year of his age. His Journal of his Voyage was pub. in 1755, 12mo. We have already stated that Fielding never enjoyed much popularity as a writer for the stage. While it must be acknowledged that Fielding's genius was not . , i_ 1 J : 11 * iii.v 1 ' " While it must be acknowledged that Fieldmg's genius was not servants, horses, hounds, and an open table to all the rakes j^^idedly dramatic, it was something that he escaped disapprobar who chose to live upon his bounty, reduced Fielding to tion, though he was at times received with indifference."— ifoscoe's poverty; in three years bis coffers were exhausted, his ' Life of Pidding. constitution shattered, and his summer friends on the] The dates of his dramatic works we take from the Biog. wing to more promising pastures. i Dramat. : 1. Love in several Masksj a Com., 1728, 2. The PIE FIE Temple Beau; a Com., 1730. 3. The Author's Farce, 1730. 4. The Coffee-IIouse Politifian ; a Com., 1730. 5. The Tra- gedy of Tragedies, 1731. 6. The Letter Writers; a Farce, 1731. 7. The Grub Street Opera, 1731. 8. The Lottery, a Farce. 1731. 9. The Modern Husband; a Com., 1732. 10. The Mock Doctor; a Com. from Moliere, 1732. 11. The Covent-Garden Tragedy; a Farce, 1732. 12. The Debau- chees ; a Com., 1733. 13. The Miser; a Com. from Plautus and Moliere, 1733. 14. The Intriguing Chambermaid; a Com., 1734. 15. Don Quixote in England; a Com., 1733. 16. An Old Man taught Wi.sdom ; a Farce, 1734. 17. The Universal Gallant; a Com., 1735. IS. Pasquin ; Dram. Satire, 1736. 19. The Hi.«torical Register for the Year 1736; a Com., [1737.] 20. Eurydice; a Farce. 1735. 21. Eurydice Hissed; a Farce, 1737. 22. Tumble-Down Dick; Dram. Enlert., 1737. 23. Miss Lucy in Town ; a Farce, 1742. 24. The Wedding Day; a Com., 1743. 25. The Fathers; or the Good-Natured Man; a Com., 1778, 8vo. " His dramatic pieces, every one of which is comic, are far fi-om being couteaiptible. His farces and ballad pieces, more especially, have a spri^htliness of manner, and a forcjbleness of character, by which it is impossible to avoid being agreejtbly entertained; and in those among others which he has in any degree borrowed from Moliere, or any other writer, he has done his original great honour and justice, by the manner in which he has handled the subject." — Biog. Dramat. In addition to the works already noticed, Fielding pub. BBveral minor pieces upon topics of a temporary character. Of his works there l)avu been many edits. 1. Works, with the Life of the Author, 1762, 4 vols. 4to. 2. 1762, 8 vols. 8vo. 3. 1766, 12 vcd.s. 4. 1767, 4 vols. 4to. 5. 1771, S vols. 8vo. 6. 1775, 12vols. 12mo. 7. 17S3, 12 vols. 12mo. 8. With an Essay on his Life and Genius, by Arthur Mur- phy, 1784, 10 vols. 8vo. 9. 1806, TO vols. sVo. 10. 1808, 14 vols. 12mo. 11, Select Works, 1818, 6 vols. 8vo. 12. Works, edited by Alex. Ch.almers, Lon., 1821, 10 vols. 8vo. 13. With Life and Notice of his Works, by Thomas Roscoe, 1S40, imp. 8vo. 14. 1843, med. 8vo. 15. 1848, med. 8vo. 16. 1851, imp. 8vo, and in 2 vols. 8vo. We now proceed to adduce the opinions of a host of eminent authorities respecting those works — his three no- vels — by which Fielding achieved so general and so durable a reputation. As a great artist, indeed, e.tquisitely happy in catching and transferring to his canvas those features of human nature which must always interest, because im- mediately recoguised as genuine by men of all ages and minds of all grades. Fielding hiis never been surpassed. How deeply then is it to bo lamented, that, lacking a high sense of moral responsibility, he delighted chiefly in paint- ing the least refined, least elevated characteristics of his species, and permitted himself to stimulate the passions to the excesses of vice, insteiid of causing those "passions to move at the command of virtue" ! There arc never want- ing apologists, indeed, for greater transgressors than Henry Fielding ; and Coleridge, whose language we shall presently quote, would have considered the above an uncharitable verdict. But it is not to be questioned that there are many passages in Joseph Andrews, Amelia, and Tom Jones, which a licentious taste would gladly extend for the same reasons that would induce a moral censorship to have them totally expunged. But we must not delay our promised citation of opinions. Those who are inclined to think us too rigid in this judg- ment, should remember Fielding's own self-condemnatory verdict upon liis early dramatic writings : "At length, repenting frolic flights of youth. Once more he flics to Nature and to 'Truth: In virtue's just defence aspires to Cinie, Nor courts applause with the applauder's shame." Prologuf- to The Mrjfkrn IftisbaTid. Alas, that his repentance should have been as "the morning cloud and the early dew"! 1. The Adventures of Joseph Andrews, published in 1742. This work, Dr. Warton informs ns, was " valued by Field- ing above all his writings." The Doctor adds, "as he justly may."— WooU'a Life of Warlnn. But wo imagine that few will coincide with this judgment. Fielding him- self tells us that it was intended for an imitation of the style and manner of Cervantes. " How delightfully he has copied the humour, the gravity, and the floe ridicule of his master, they can witness who are acquainted with both writers." — Arthur Mcbpuy. Both Chalmers and Warton dissent from this opinion, and consider " Fielding's ridicule of a very different species from that of the Spanish novelist." But Dr. Aikin also refers to "the grave Cervnntic style, adopted in the novel of Joseph Andrews." However this may be, there is no doubt at all that Fieldinsr intended to ridicule the "senti- 692 mentalism," as it is generally denominated, of the great novelist of the day — Samuel Richardson. *' While, however, it is highly probatjle that he had Cervantes in hiseye, it is certain that the satiiictud burlesque portion of Joseph Audrt-ws was suggested to him by the perus;il of Itichardson's I'auK-la. on the overwi-ought refinement and strained sentiment of which it affords a humorous commentary in the adventures of her pioli?ssed brother, the hero. Besides its inti-insic wit and ex- cellence, it has thus a twofold attraction in the comic and bur- lesque spirit it maintains throughout, in the sjioie way as the ad- ventures of the Spanish knight and his .squire, however ludicrous in themselves, are relished with a doul'le zest from the contrast they ofter to the dignified bearing and marvellous deeds of the old Paladins. IIow exquisitely Fielding has caught the humour, as- sumed gravity, and delicate satire of his prototype, they who have compared the two master-pieces will readily admit; and that he loses nothing in pnint of originality." — TuoMAS IloscoK: Life and W"rks tif Henry FmhUng. The elder novelist was greatly offended at what he very naturally considered an unwarrantable liberty. "Uichardson was exceedingly hurt at this; the more so as they had been on good terms.aud he was very intimate with Fielding's two sisters. He never appears cordially to have forgiven it, (pei^ haps it was not in human nature he should. land healwavs speaks in his letters with a great deal of aspeiity of 'Tom .loiies.' more indeed than was quite graceful in a rival author. No doubt he himself tbnu'-'ht his indignation was soi-ely excited by the loose morality of tile work and of its author, but he could tolerate Cib- ber.''— Mas. Bard.iuld: Minoir of fWdmr/. prefixed to his Onrc- SpimdencF, Mr. Thackeray appends the above to an apology for what we must consider indefensible. " Fielding, no doubt, began to write this novel in ridicule of Pamela, for which work one can understand the hearty contempt and antipathy which such an athletic and boisterous genius as Fielding's must have entertained. He could not do otherwise than laugh at the puny cockney bookseller, pouring out endless volumes of sentimental twaddle, and hold him up to scorn as a moll-coddle and a milksop. His genius had been nursed on sack-posset, and not on dishes of tea. ///s muse had sung the loudest in tavern choruses; had seen the daylight streaming in over thousands of emptied bowls, and reeled home to chambers on the shoulders of the watchmen. Itichardson's goddess was attended by old maids and dowagers, and fed ou muffins and bohea. 'Milksop!' roars Harry Fielding, clattering at the timid shop-shutters. 'Wretch! Monster! Mohock!' shrieks the sentimental author of Pamela, and all the ladies of his court cackle out an affrighted chorus." — Enff- lisfi Humourists of the ISth Centttri/. Neither the wit nor the morality of these lines are very discernible to us. They exhibit two of the prominent faults of an otherwise good writer: a constant disposition to caricature, and an ever-present willingness to apologize for men of loose manners and dissipated habits. We have often listened with pleasure — indeed, with edification — to Mr. Thackeray's moral reflections upon the Lives and Works of the departed great, but we soon found that the summing up of the learned judge leaned not always "to virtue's side ;" and if the literary offender happened to be a three-bottle man, we entertained no apprehensions for his safety, and felt quite confident that a gentle rebuke, hardly calculated to depopulate the tables of LucuUus, wouhl be the extent of his punishment. Even the displeasure of Richard.son did not prevent Joseph Andrews from immediately finding a host of read- ers. The faithful subjects of the great master were not proof against the fascinations of good Parson .'idam.-i and the unfortunate Leonora ; and those who had been charmed ■with the character of P.amela, were equally delighted with the unsophisticated virtue of her worthy brother, the ex- cellent Joseph Andrews. We may be allowed to surmise that many of Richardson's adherents, whilst indignant at the ridicule cast upon their leader, yet could not but se- cretly propound to themselves the question which Sir Wal- ter Scott openly proposes : " IIow can we wish that undone without which Parson Adams would not have existed'^" The book became a general favourite with all classes of readers, and equally engrossed the literary half-hour of the studious mechanic and the interval between the Latin and Greek of the erudite gownsman. The tea-parly of the tradesman sympathized with the perils of the lovely Fanny, and West writes to the classic Gray: '■I rejoice you found amusement in Joseph .\ndrews." 2. History of Tom Jones, a Foundling; published 1749. The foundation of this work was laid by Fielding while in the midst of the excitement of political partnership, aud it was concluded in such interv.als as he could snatch from the annoyances inseparable from the commencement of » career of magisterial duty. Yet under such heavy discou- ragements did Fielding construct one of the most elaborate of plots, developed by an astonishing variety of cli.aracters ; "No author has introduced a greater diversity of character, or displayed them more fully, or in more various attitudes. All- worthy is the most amiable picture in the world of a m.an who does honour to his species. In his own heart he finds constant propensities to the most generous and benevolent of actions, aud FIE FIE his understandinj; conducts him with discretion in tho pei-form- ance of whatever his goodness su^^^ests to him. And though it is apparent that the author labourfd at this pnitrait am amore, and meant to ofT.-r it to mankind as a just ol>jt-i't of iinitatinn, he has soherly restrained himself within the bounds of probability: nay, it may be said of strict truth ; as. in the peneral opinion, he is sup- posed 10 have copied here the features of a worthy ctiaracter still in being.' — Arthur MuRpnv. The ''worthy character" here alluded to was Ralph Allen, of Prior Park, the " Man of Bath," tbo friend of Pope and Warburton, celebrated in the well-known lines of the former : '• Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame, Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame." "Although in this, as well as in other writings of the author, the scenes are chieliy drawn from low life, and display too much of the vices and crimes of mankind, yet they are relieved by con- siderable admixture of nobler matter, and contain many affecting pictures of moral excellence. Indeed, it cannot be doubted the writer's intentions were to favour the cause of virtue; and pro- bahly the majority of readers, judging from fheii- feelings in the perusal, will pronounce that he has effected his purpose. A rigid moralist will object to him the common fault of many writers of fiction, that of sheltering gross deviations from rectitude nf con- duct under tliat vague goodness of heart whirh is sn liltle to be relied on as tho guide of life; yet he has not bei-ii inattentive to poetical justice in making misfortune the constant concomitant of vice, though perhaps he has not nicely adjusted the degree of punishment to the crime." — Dr. Aikin. Dr. Beattie can hardly find terms sufficiently expressive to convey to the world his admiration of the manogemeut of the plot of Tom Jones : " Since the days of Homer tlie world has not seen a more artful epic fable. The characters and adventures are wonderfully diversi- fied; yet the circumstiinces are all so natural, and rise so easily from one another, and co-operate witli so much regularity in bring- ing on, even while they seem to retard, the catastrophe, that the curiosity of the reader is always kept awake, and, instead of tiag- ging, grows more and more impatient as the story advances, till at last it becomes downright anxiety. And when we get to the end, and look back on the whole contrivance, we are amazed to find that of so ma ny incidents there should be so lew superfl uous ; that in snch a variety of fiction there should be so great a proba- bility ; and that so complex a tale should be so perspicuously con- ducted, and with perfect unity of design.'' With reference to Dr. Beattie's introduction of the name of Homer, we may remark that Lord Byron styles Fielding the ''Prose Homer of human nature." '' In Tom .Jones, his greatest work, the artful conduct of the fable, and the subserviency of all the incidents to the winding up of the whole, deserve much praise." — Dr. Bluir's Lectures on Khe- toric and Bdks-LcUres. '•Manners change from generation to generation, and with man- ners morals appear tu change — actually change with some — but appear to change with all but the abandoned. A young man of the present day who should act as Tom Jones is supposed to act at Upton with Lady Uellastou, Ac, would not be a Tom Jones; and a Tom Jones of the present day, without, perhaps, being in the ground a better man. would have perished rather than sub- mit to be kept by a hariidan of fortune. Therefore this novel is, and indeed pretends to be, no example of conduct. But. notwith- standing all this, 1 do loathe the cant which can recommend ' Pa- mela' and 'Clarissa Hartowe' as strictly moral, although they poi- son the imagination of the young with contiuu.al doses of tinct. lytUs, while Tom Jones is prohibited as loose. 1 do not speak of young women ; but a young man whose heart or feelings can be injured, or even his pa.ssions excited, by this novel, is already tho- roughly corrupt. There is a cheerful, sunshiny, breezy spirit that prevails everywhere, strongly contrasted with the close, day- dreamy continuity of Richardson." — S. T. Colebidoe: Likranj Remains. "Our popular novels are even translated into Spanish. 'Tom Jones,' indeed, has long been a favourite in Spain. It may be re- marked, thus the most intensely natural works acquire the high- est reputation." — Hartley Coleridge. "As a picture of manners, the novel of 'Tom Jones' is indeed exquisite; as a work of construction, quite a wonder: the by-play of wisdom: the power of observation, the multiplied felicitous turns and thoughts, the varied character of the great Comic Epic, keep the reader in a perpetual admiiation and curiosity. But against Mr. Thomas Jones himself we have a right to put in a protest, and quarrel with the esteem the author evidently has for that character. Charles Lamb says finely of Jones, that a single hearty laugh from him 'clears the air* — but that it is in a certain state of the atmosphere.'' — Tlmcherai/'s Humorists "/(he ISth Cen- tury, q. V. '' Ilis Tom Jones is quite unrivalled in plot, and is to be rivalled only in his own works for felicitous delineation of character." — Taffnurd's Misrd. WHtint/s. " In Tom Jones. Fielding has comprehended a larger variety of Incidents and characters under a stricter unity of .story than in Joseph Andrews; but he has given to the whole a tone of worldli- ness which does not mar the delightful simplicity of the latter. As an expression of the power and breadth of his mind, however, it is altogether his greatest work; and. in the ^^nion of distinct pictorial representiition with profound knowledge of practical life, is unequalled by any novel in tlie language." — Kdwin P. WmppLE : Essays and Remews. Dr. Johnson, in a conversation to be quoted hereafter, declared : "Sir. there is more knowledge of the heart in one letter of Rich- hrdson's than in all Tom Jones." 33 But Fielding's admirers do not conceive this to have been an impartial judgment. AVe may properly conclude our citation of opinions of this remark;ible work by the eloquent tribute of a writer as highly di.stingui?hed in tho field of historic investigation as tho author of Tom Junes was in the walks of fiction: '"The nobility of the Spensers has been illustrated and enriched by the trophies of Marlboi-ough, but I exhort them to consider the Faery Queen as the most precious jewel of their coronet. Our im- mortal Fielding was of the younger branuh of the Earls of Den- bigh, who drew their origin from the Counts of llapsburg, tho lineal descendants of Eltrico, in the seventh century, Dukes of Alsace. Far dilfereut have been the fortunes of the English and German divisions of the family of llapsburg. The former, the knights and sheriffs of Leicestershire, have slowly risen to the dignity of a peerage; the latter, the Emperors of Germany and Kings of Spain, have thre-atened the liberty of the Old and in- vaded the treasures of the New World. The successors of Charles V. may disdain their brethren of England; but the romance of ' Tom Jones,' that exquisite picture of human manners, will out- live the pahtce of the Escurial and the imperial eayle of Austria." — GlUBON. 3. Amelia; published in 1751. "In point of general excellence 'Amelia' has commonly been considered, no less by critics, perhaps, than by the public, as deci- dedly inferior to 'Tom Jones.' In variety and invention it assu- redly is so. Its chief merit depends less on its artful and elabo- rate construction than on the interesting series it presents of domestic paintings, drawn, as we have remarked, from his own family history. It has more pathos, more nioi-al lessons, with far less vigour and humour, than either of its predecessors. But we agree with Chalmers, that those who have seen much of the errors and distresses of domestic life will probably feel that the author's colouring hi this work is more just, as well as more chaste, than in any of his oilier novels. The appeals to the heart are far more forcible." — TllOM.vs Roscoe: Life and Works of Henry Fielding. With reference to Fielding's having drawn from his do- mestic history, in the pages of Amelia, his celebrated kins- woman, Lady Mary Wortley M(»ntagu, thus discourses in a letter written shortly before the death of the novelist: " II. Fielding has given a true picture of himself and his first wife in the characters of Mr. and Mrs. Booth, some compliments to his own figure excepted; and I am persuaded sevei-al of the inci- dents he mentions are real matters of fact. I wonder he does not perceive that Ihm Jones and 3fr. Booth are sorry scoundrels." — Letters and Works, edited by Lord Wharncliffe. Lady Mary's remark relative to his figure may appro- priately introduce a brief description of his outward man : " With regard to his personal appearance, Fielding was strongly built, robust, and in height rather exceeding six feet. He was also remarkably active, till rep '-ated attacks of the gout had broken down the vigour of a fine constitution. Naturally of a dignified presence, he was equally impressive in his tone and manner, which, added to his peculiarly marked features, his conversational powers, and rare wit, must have given him a decided intiuence in genera! society, and not a little ascendency over the minds of com- mon men." — Tiiomvs Ko^coe: Life and Works of Hniry Fielding. To return to" Amelia :"Richardson flattered himself that this last publication would prove the death-knell of his rival's fame; and he remarks, in a letter to his own enthu- siastic admirer, Mrs. Donellan : "Captain Booth, madam, has done his business. Mr. Fielding has ovei^writteu himself, or rather under-written, and. in his own journal, seems ashamed of his last piece, and has promised that the same muse shall write no more for him. His piece, in short, is as dead as if it had been published forty years ago. as to sale. You guess I have not read 'Amelia?' Indeed I have read but the first volume." Yet Amelia met with immediate and great success : '•F'ielding's Amelia was perhaps the only book of which, being printed off betimes one morning, a new edition was called for befm-e night." — Dr. .Tounson. We know that the stern moralist himself read the book through without stopping, and "Johnson appears to have been particularly pleased with the character of the heroine of this novel, and said F'ielding's Amelia was the most pleasing heioineofall the romances." — Malone. "I admire the author of 'Amelia,' and thank the kind master who introduced me to that sweet and delightful companion and friend. Amelia, perhaps, is not a better story than -Tom Jones,' but it has the better ethics: the prodigal repents, at least, before forgiveness; whereas, that odious, broad-backed Mr. Jones carries otr his beauty with scarce an interval of remorse for his manifold errors and short-comings, and is not half punished enough before the great prize of fortune and love falls to his share. I am angry with Jones. Too much of the plum-cake and rewards of life fall to that boisterous, swaggering young scapegrace. Sophia actually surrenders without a proper sense of decorum — the fond, foolish, palpitating little creature! 'Indeed, Mr. Jonei:,' she says. 'it rests with you to appoint the day.' I suppose Sophia is drawn from the life, as well as Amelia; and many a young fellow, no better than Mr. Thomas Jones, has carried. l>y a coup de main, the heart of many a kind girl who was a great deal too good for him." — Thacke- ray''s Emjlit^h Humorists nf the \Wt dntury. "Of .ail his novels, it leaves the finest Impression of quiet, do mestic delighti of the sweet home feeling, and the humanities con- nected with it. We have not the glad spring or the glowing sum- mer of his genius, but its autumn.al mellowness and mitigated sunshine, with something of the thoughtfulness befitting the sea- son." — Edwin P. Whipple: Essays and lieviiws. We conclude our article^ which we know not well how 593 FIE to shorten, by quoting the opinions of a mimher of distin- guished writers upou the literary characteristics of the great Englisii novelist: "We have auother writer of those imaginary histories, one who has not long since descended to these regions. His name Is FiL-Id- iug, and his works, as 1 have heard the best judges say, have a true spirit of comedy, and an e.xact repi-esentatinn of nature, with fine moral touches. Ho has not, indeed, given lessons of pure and consummate virtue, but has exposed vice and meanness with all the powers of ridicule."— LoKU Lytteuon : DialoQius of the Vend. Lord Lyttelton, after mentioning some particulars of Pope, Swift, and other literary characters of that day, when Fielding's name was pronounced, remarked : "Henry Fielding bad more wit and Lumour than all the per- sons we have been speaking of put together.'' Fielding's early attempts at dramatic authorship were greatly ridiculed by the wits then in the ascendant ; and Swift compares the young author, not in tlie most compli- mentary manner in the world, with Wellsted — no "bright jjarticular star:" "For instance, when you rashly tbinlc No rhymer can with Wellsted' sink, His merits balanc'd, you shall tind That Fielding leaves him far behind." Upon which Dr. Warton remarks : "Little did .Swift imagine that this very Fielding would here- after eiiual him in works of humour, and excel him in drawing and supporting char.acters, and in the artful conduct and plan of a comic epopee.'* Few critics have been so sparing of their compliments to contemporary writers as the great authority to be next quoted : " Monsieur de Marivaux, in France, and Henry Fielding, in England, stand the foremost among those who have given a faith- ful and chaste copy of life and manners, and. tiy enriching their romance with the best part of the comic art, may be said to have brought it to perfection." — Bishop WARitrRTO.v. "The genius of Cervantes was transfused into the novels of Fielding, who painted the characters and ridiculed the follies of lile with equill strength, humour, and propriety."— Smollett. Sir Walter Scott, whom we sh.-ill again have occasion to quote, thus combines the names of Fielding and Smollett: "Smollett and Fielding were so eminently successful as novel- ists, that no other English author of that class has a ri"bt to be mentioned in the same breath. We readily grant to Smollett an equal rank with his great rival. Fielding— while we place both far above any of their succes.sors in the same line of fictitious compo- sition. Perhaps no books ever written excited such peals of in- extinguishable laughter as those of Smollett." "I go to Sterne fir the feelings of nature; Fielding for its vices; Johnson for a knowledge of the workings of its powers : and Shaks- peare for every thing."— Adernetfiy. "The cultivated genius of Fielding entitles him to a hi"h rank among the classics. His works exhibit a .series c.f pictures drawn with all the descriptive fidelity of a Hogarth. They are highly entertaining, and will always be read with pleasme."— ft-. Vicesi viiii Knox's J'J.'isays. ".Mr. Fielding's Novels are highly distinguished for their hu- mour; a humour which, if not of the most relined and delicate kind, IS original, and peculiar to himself The characters which he draws are lively and natural, and marked with the strokes of a hold pencil. The general scope of his stories is favourable to hu- manity and goodness of heart."— Dk. Blaie: Lectures rni Ithetoric ami Bctles-Lettres. ^ " They are splendid emanations of art, and artisliml. as the critic l.oetho correctly expresses it. in the true sense of the word " " Fielding will forever remain the delight of bis countrv and will always ret.ain his place in the libraries of Kure|,,.. m.tuitbstanding the unfortunate grossness.— the mark of an uo.ulliiat, d taste -- which if not yet entirely excluded from convers^.tinn, b:is been for some time banished from our writings, where, duiim' llie liest a"e of our national genius, it prevailed more than in thos°e of any otlier polished nation."— Sir -Tames Mickixtosh: Er/in. K,v. xxv! 4S5 The opinion of Fielding's celebrated kinswoman will in- terest many readers ; "Fielding has really a fund of true humour, and was to be pitied at his first entrance into the world, having no choice, as lie said himspll but to be a hackney-writer, or a hackney-coachman. His genius deserved a better fate: but I cannot help blaming that con- tinued indiscretion, togive it the softest name, that has run through his life and I am afraid still remains. ... Since I was born, no original has appeared excepting Congrevo and Fielding, who would, 1 believe, have approarlied nearer to his excellencies, if not forced by his necessities to publish without correction, and throw many productions into the world he wonld have thrown to the fire if meat could have been got without money, or money without scrib- hling. . . There was a great similitude between liis [ Fielding's! clLiracter and that of Sir Hichard Steele. He had the advantage both in learning and, in my opinion, in genius; they both agreed in wanting money, in .spite of all their friend.s. and wonld'have wanted it if their hereditary lands had been as extensive as their liiMgination : yet each of them was so formed fo,- happiness it is r!Ltr'?°'rr°!'*f' lli-[Fi.blin..'sUK,,,|,v:, institution (even when he had with great p:Lins half demolish. ,1 il; made him forget every evil when he was befure a ;enis„n jiaslv or over a flask of champagne: and I am persuaded he knew more happy moments than any prince upon earth. His natural spirits gav'e him rapture withacookmaid.and cheerfulness when he was starv- '°e in a garret."-Hl>Y Marv Wortlet Movtaou ' "'"''" "•'''**er of composition Fielding was! upon my word I TIE think the (Edipus Tyrannus, the Alchemist, and Tom Jones, the three most jieifect pints ever planned; and how chaioiing, how- wholesome Fielding always is! to take him up after Uichardson is like emerging from a sick-room, heated by stoves, into an open lawn on a breezy day in May." — S. T. Coleridge. Hartley Coleridge, when speaking of Massinger's habit of "getting into a passion with his bad characters," remarks: " It is a fault which nowhere occui-s in Homer. Cervantes, Shak- speare, the great and true dramatists, and very seldom in Fielding and Sir Walter Scott." But it is time that we had quoted the tribute of Sir'^Valtcr to the illustrious predecessor with whom he has just been named : " Fielding is the first of the British Novelists. His name is im- mortal as a painter of natural manners. Of all the works of ima- gination to which English genius has given origin, his writing) are most decidedly her own; all the actors in his narrative live in England, travel in Engl.and, quarrel and fight in England; and scarce an incident occurs, without its being marked by something which could not well have happened in any other coun'try. In hia powers of strong and natural humour, and forcible yet natural ex- hibition of character, the Father of the English Novel has not yet been approached even by his most successful followers. He is, indeed, as Byron terms him — •The prose Homer of human nature.'" It is no slight evidence of the great popularity of Field- ing, that in so many cases the incidental intripduction of an author's name gives us occasion to quote the opinion of such author upon tlie merits of the subject of our iien. We find Smollett and Fielding compared, and we are reminded that Smollett left us his estimate of the genius of Fielding. Again we tind that Swift has made Fielding the "butt of his clum.sy ridicule," and we must repeat what Dr. Warton says of botli. The names of Scott and Fielding .are com- bined, and wo recollect Sir Walter's eloquent tribute to hia great predecessor. Scott quotes Byron, and we leel that our duty will not be discharged without quoting Byron further on the same suggestive theme : " There now are no Squire Westerns as of old, And our Sophias are not so emphatic. But fair as them or fairer to behold." Do/i Juan, c. siii. s. 110. A critic of our own day, of great eminence, seems- to have shared in Byron's feeling of familiar acquaintance 1 with the dramtilin peisoim of these meiuorable novels : ; " What a wonderful art, what an admirable gift of nature, was it by which the author of these tales was endowed, and which en- abled him to fix our interest, to waken our sympathy, to seize upon our credulity, so that we believe in his people— speculate gravely upon their faults or their excellencies, prefer this one or that, de- plore Jones's fondness for drink and play. Booth's fondness for i play and drink, and the unfortunate position of the wives of both 1 gentlemen; we all admire those ladies with all our hearts and talk about them as faithfully as if we had breaktjisted with them this morning in their actual drawing-room, or should meet them ibis afternoon in the ParkI"— r7iac/.prui/'s Eng. Hum. of the ISl/i Venturtl. •" The re.ader must peruse for himself the Essay on the Life and Works of Fielding, prefixe.l to the Works of the latter, ny Thomas Roscoe : sec ante, notice of editions. We can make room for a short extract only from this well-writteu composition ; I _ " How far Uichardson was inferior to his great rival in the leJid- ing characteristics of novel-ivriting, and in none more than in natuial and true portraiture of character and manners, the differ- ; ent popular light in which they are regarded affords, perhaps, the surest criterion. While Fielding continues to rank with the -fore- most men of all the world.' with Homer, Cervantes, Shakspeare, in the highest rank of genius, the long, wearisome, thrice^elabo- j rated productions of Richardson are a dead weight, and sleep un- disturbed upon their shelves. Only for a moient contrast the characters they hare drawn; the truth-telling. m,anlv minds of I 1 lelding, of which the calm beauty, • the sunshine andthe storm.' I are all faithful transcripts of nature, with the feeble, unvaryinir portraitures of his contemporary." We find a similar judgment expressed by a late eminent writer : " When we read Fielding's novels after those of Richardson, we leel as If a stupendous pressure were removed from our souls We seem suddenly to have left a palace of enchantment, where we have passed through long galleries filled with the most gor-'eous im.-iges, and illumined by a light not quite human nor yet quite divine, into the fresh air, and the common ways of this ' bright and breathing world.' We travel on the highroad of humanrty, yet meet in it pleasanter companions, and catch more delicious snatches ot refreshment, than ever we can hope elsewhere toeniov '' .—l\\.TO[niJ):XcwHonth.Mag. '' ■" I Wo can form some faint idea of the growl of indignation, and the torrent of invective, with which gruff old Johnson would have chastised the utterers of such comparisons as we have just quoted. And, indeed, as Fielding has had it all his own way for some time, it is only iair, and will bo perhaps agreeable relief to the reader, to show "the other picture," "It always appeared to me that he estimated the compositions or Kichardson too highly, and that he had an unreasonable preju- dice against Fielding. In comparing those two writers, he used this expression : 'that there was as great a difference between them FIE FIL as 'between a man wbo knew how a watch was made, and a man who tould tell the bnur liy looking on the diul-plato.' This was a short and fig;ur.'itive stjitemeut of his distinction between drawing characters of nature and characters only of manners. , . . Field- ing being mentioned, Johnson exclaimed, 'He was a blockhead;' and upon my expressing my astonishment at so strange an asser- tion, be said, '^Vhat 1 mean by his being a blockhead is, that he was a barren rascal.' Boswell: ' Will you not allow, sir. that he draws very natural picturesof human life?' Johnson: 'Why. sir, it is of very low life. Ilichardson used to say that, had he not linown who Fielding was. he should have believed be was an ostler. ?ir, there is more knowledge of the heart in one letter of Richard- son's, than in all Tom Jones. I, indeed, never read Joseph An- drews.' ErisKine: ' Surely, sir, liichardson is very tedious.' JoHM- eoN ; ' Why, sir. if you were to read Kichardson for the story, your impatience would be so much fretted that you would hang your- self. But you must read him for the sentiment, and consider the story as only giving occasion to the sentiment.'" — BosivdVs Life of Johnson. An eminent authority of modern times thu.s sntisfac- torily accounts for the early popularity of Richardson in Germany: "Fielding conceived life as it was. with great strength and dis- tinctness, and brought out into clear light those contrasts which are indeed now well enough known, but which were then remarked >iy none, because England was regarded as a paradise — a Utopia. lie showed with such power the difference between appearance and truth — between a flattering clergy and true reli^iou. that the lovers of sentimentality and the multitude, who are always willing to have their eyes bound that they may dream pleasantly, were in some measure driven from himself to his countryman Hiihaidson, the discoverer of a conventional morality. We cannot, therefore wonder that Fielding, who died in 1754. found a pulilic in CJermany much later than Richardson, whose moralizing and sentimental heroes and heroines had already become the fiisbion by means of Rousseau, at the same time with the idyllic dreams of Gessner. We must po.HsesB gnnd practical sense and a kuowleiige of pure old Knglish life, find .-f the :ibiisos of its hierarchy and clergy, to un- d'Tstand Field ini:, tn rsliiiiatea Joseph Andrews and a Tom Jones, and to find pleasure in them; whereas we have only need of in- defiuite general notions and sensibility, to admire Richardson's Pamela, and his Sir (.'harles Grandison." — Schlossei^s Hist, of the IStU Ctnt., d-c; Duruhon's Tram., ii. 59, 60. Fielding, James Holvrod. Boauehamp; or the ■\Vhee! of Fortune, ISIS. 4 vols. Fielding, Sir John, d. 1780, half-bmthor to Henry Fielding-, the great novelist, and his successor in his ma- gisterial duties, was distinguished for his public sjiirit and efforts ftir the reformation of the vicious. In consideration of his valuable services to the community, he was knighted in 1761. 1. Police Act, with a plan rcl. to Girls of the Tovpn, Lon.. 1757, '08, 8vo. 2. Plan of an Asylum, or Home of Refuge for Orphans and other deserted Girls, 1758, 8vo. 3. Extracts from Penal Law.s, &c., 1761. '69, 8vo. 4. Universal Mentor, a coUec. of Moral and Misc. Essays, 1762. 12mo. 5. Charge to the Grand Jury, 1763, 4to. 6. Do., 1766, 4to. 7. Descrip. of London and West- minster, 1777, 12mo. Fieldiii?:, John. 1. Peerage of Eng., Lon., 1781, 12mo. 2. New Peerage of do., 1784, 12nio. 3. H. Coach Rates. 1786, 12mo. 4. Regal Tables, 12mo. Fieldin^s:, Robert. Surg. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1709. Fielding, Sarah, 1714—1768, third sister of the great novelist, lived and died unmarried, at Bath. She was a woman of great learning. 1. The Adventures of David Simple in search of a Faithful Friend. 2 vols. 12mo. Pub. shortly after the appearance of her brother Henry's Joseph Andrews. A third vol. was added in 1752. New ed., 1756, 2 vols. 8vo. This novel was well received. 2. The Cry; a Dramatic Fable, 1754, 3 vols. 12mo. This has also been claimed as the production of Patti/ Fielding and Miss Jane Collier. Sec Mrs. Barbauld's Life of Richardson ; Biog. Dramat, vols. i. and ii. 3. Xenophon's Memoirs of Socra- tes; Defence of Socrates before his Judges, 1762, 8vo. Mr. Harris of Salisbury furnished some valuable notes to this excellent translation. "Done with equal judgment and accuracy.'' — Clarke. 4. Familiar Letters between the chnraetcrs in David Simple, 2 vols. 5. The Governess, or Little Female Aca- demy. 6. The Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia. 7. The Hi.st, of the Countess of Delwin, 2 vols. 8. The Hist, of Ophelia, 2 vols. "Her unatTect*'d manners, candid mind, Her he-art benevolent, and soul resign'd; Were more her praise than all she knew or thought, Though Athen's wisdom to her sex she taught." Inscription by J>r. John Hnadly on the Monument erected by him to her memory. Fielding, T. Select Proverbs of all Nations. New ed., Lon., 1847, 18mo. iSee Ray, John. Fielding, T. H., of the E. I. Comp. Milt. Coll., Ad- discombc. 1. Painting in Oil and Water Colours, Lon., 1839, imp. 8vo; 4th ed., 1846. " Mr. Fielding's work may be honoured in France as M. Merim^e's has been in England by a translation; we think it a better one, and therefore more desersiug of it." — Lull. Purthaivn. 2. Hist, of the Art of Engraving, Lon., 1840, r.Svo. New ed., 1848. 3. Picturesque Descrip. of the River Wye, 1841, 4to. 4. Synopsis of Practical Perspective, 3d ed., 1843, 8vo. 5. Manual of Colours. 1844, fp. Svo. 6. On the Know- ledge and Restoration of Oil Paiutings, 1847. 12mo. Fields, James T., b. 1820, at Portsmouth, New Hamp- shire, a partner of the well-known Boston publishing house of Ticknor and Fields, has won considerable reputation as a poet. A volume of his poetical compositions was pub. in Boston in 1849, and one for private distribution waa printed at Cambridge in 1854. In 1858 ho also privately printed a beautiful volume entitled A Few Verses for a Few Friends. *' This book itself, apart from its contents, is a poem. In paper, type, edging, and ornament — in all the varialde details uf me ciianical execution — it vindicates its title to be termed a work of high art. The poems it contains are gems well worthy the setting, — pure thought, genial feeling, tender remembrance, and lambent fancy, in natural measures and easy rhythm,— such poems as always win a higher fame than ihey seek and are best appreciated by those whose verdict is of the most significant import." — N. Amer. Rev., clxxx., July,lR58. Among his principal pieces arc Commerce, read before the Boston Mercantile Association on its anniversary in 1838, and The Post of Honour, read before the same so- ciety in 1848. The reading-world is indebted to Mr. Fields for a complete edition of Do Quincey's writings, which he collected, edited, and published in 20 vols. 16mo, Bost., 1858. See De Quincey, Thomas. Specimens of Mr. Ficlds's style will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, and Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit. " Besides bis serious poems, he has produced some very original mirthful pieces, in which are adroit touches of wit, felicitous bits at current follies, and instances ofquaint humour, laughing through piim ami di-ron^us lines, which evince a genius for I'ers de sociiti. The pdi'nw Mr. Fields has given us are evidently the careless pro- ducts of a singularly sensitive and fertile mind — indications rather than exponents of its powers — furnishing evidence of a cap.^city which it is to be hoped the engagementsof business will not wholly absorb." — Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. " Mr. Fields's visit wasnec.^ssjirily brief; but that short interview has laid the foundation of a friendship which will, I think, last as long as my frail life, and of which the benefit is all on my side. He Sends me charming letters, verses which are fast ripening into true poetry, excellent books; and this autumn he brought back himself, and came to pay me a visit : and be must come again, for, of all tbi! kindnesses with whi.h U'' In.uls me. 1 like his company the best." — MissMiTFOitP.in hvrLdmiri/ Ii>rulh:r!ioiis. Fiennes, Nathaniel, 1608-1669. second son of Lord Say and Sele. educated at Oxford, and Lord Privy Seal under Oliver Cromwell, pub. several speeches and political pamphlets, 1640-64. Monarchy the best Gov't, 1660. •' Tho' before he had shew'd himself an antimonarchisi, yet then, when he saw what (Oliver aimed at [he] became a lover of kingship and monarchy, purposely to gain honour and riches for the esta- blishing a family which he and the rest of the godly party aimed at." — Athen. Oion. Not all, Anthony; be a little more charitable. Fiennes was for some time colonel of horse under the Earl of Essex. " If be had not incumbered himself with command in the army, to which men thought bis nature not so well disposed, be had been second to none in those councils after Mr. Hampden's death.'' — Lord Clarendon. W.alker ascribes to Fiennes a historical tract called An- glia Rediviva, pub. under the name of Sprigge. Fiennes, William, Lord Say and Sele, 1582-1662, father of the preceding, educated at Oxford, was "very active" with Hampden and Pym, yet was made Lord Privy Seal and Lord Chamberlain at the Restoration. He wrote some political tracts, and some treatises against the Qua- kers. The Scots Design Discovered, 1653, 4to, has been ascribed both to him and his son Nathaniel. Wood speaks of the honours bestowed upon him by Charles II. with great indignation : '* While others that suffered in estate and body, and had been reduced to a bit of bread for his maj. cause, had then little or no- thing given to relieve them ; for «'hicb they were to thank a hun- gry and great officer. [Lord Clarendon.— Cole,] who, to fill his own coffers, was the occasion of the ruin of many." — Athen. Oxon. " lie was a person of great parts, wisdom, and integrity." — Whitelocke- "A man of a close and reserved nature, of great parts, and of the highest ambition."— Lord Clarendon. See Athen. Oxon.; Park's K. and N. Authors. Fierburtus, Nic. See Fitzhehbert. Fife, Lord. A Catalogue of Lord Fife's Coins and Medals. 1796, 4to. Fige;es, James. The Excise Officer's Yade Mecum, Lon., 1781, 12mo. Fildin^, Ford. Trans, of Dan Toussaius's Exercise of the Faithful Soule, Ac. Lon., 1683, 8vo. Filewood, F. R. Argts. and Proofs of the Excellency of the Liturgy of the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1792, 12mo. Filgate, Fitzherbert, Thorough Draining,1848,18mo. " The author writes very soundly and practically." — DonaUimn's AgHcuU. Biog. ■- , FIL Filipowski, H. E. A Tj,ble of Anti-Logarithms, 2d ed., Lon., 1851, 8vo. " All (hut could bo « ished in extent, in structure, and in typo- grapliy. Ff.r its extent it is unique among modern tables " Pruf Aug. I)e MnRG\x. Filkes, John. Serm., Lon., 1713, 8vo; do., 1714, 8to. Filkes, John. Serm., &c., 1802, '04, 8vo. Fills, Robert. Theolog. treatises and derotional works, trans, from the French, Lon., 1562-9(1, Ac. Filmcr, Edward. French Court Ayres, 1629. Filmer, Edward, D.C.L., educated at All-Souls' Col- lege, 0.\f., disgraced himself by defending the English stage against Jeremy Collier, in A Defence of Plays, Lon., 1707, 8vo. He also pub. The Unnatural Brother, a Trag., Lon., 1697, 4to. •' It tiears stronfj testimony to the understanding and abilities of the author." — liuiq. Dramai. Filmer, Sir Robert, d. 1647, a native of Kent, father of the preceding, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., wrote a number of political treatises in favour of arbitrary power in the mimarch, among which arc, 1. The Anarchy of a Mised and Limited Monarchy, 1616, '48, '79. 2. Neces- sity of the absolute Power of all Kings, and in particular of the King of England, 1648, '80. 3. Original of Gov't; against Milton, ilobbes, Grotius, ILittou, Ac, 1652, 4to. 4. Questio Quodlibetiea; or, a Discourse whether it may be lawful to take use for Money, 165.3, '78, 8vo. 5. Free- holder's Grand Inquest, touching the King and his Pari.; written by Sir Richard Hobhouse, 1679, 8vo. 6. Patri- archia; or. The Natural Power of the Kings of England asserted. '■In which he endeavours to prove, that nil government was mon- archical at first, and that all legal titles to govern are oriijinally derived trom the hands of families, or from such upon whoiii their right was transterred, either by concession or &ilure of the line. "Ills aiguments are singularly insufficient; he r|uotes nothing but a few irrelevant texts from Genesis; he seems not to have known at all the strength, whatever it may be, of his own case and it is hardly possible to find a more trilling and feeble work It had however the advantage of opportunity to be received by a party with approbation."— aii(/a»i's Intraluc. to LU. of £,irope. This work has elicited able confutations, the best known of which will be found in Locke's Treatises on Civil Go- vernment. 7. Political Discourses, 1680, Svo. 8. Defence against Algernon Sidney's Paper. " Sir Hubert Kilmer of Kent was intimately acqruiinted with Camden, who told him he was not sufTerod to print many things in his Elizabeth, which he sent over to his fnrrespondeut Thuamis who printed It all failhfully in his annals without alterin'^a word" Fillmore, Augustus D., b. 1823, in Ohio. 1. Uni- versal Musician. 2. Christian Psalmist. 3. Tree of Tem- perance and its Fruits, Ac. Filson, John. Topog. Description of the West. Terri- tory of N. America, 1793, 8vo. In association with George Imlay. 2. The Discovery, Settlement, and present State of Kentucke, Wilmington, 1784, 8vo; Lon., 1793, 8vo In French, Paris, 1785. "This account bears every ni.ark of authenticity. It was drawn up from personal notice or immediate information, and is attested by the signatures of three respectable inhabitants of the countiy The author is a believer in the selllemeut of a Welsh colony in this country by Madoc, in Ulur—Hichs Bihl. Amer. Nma. Finch, Anne, d. 1720, Countess of Winchelsea, was the daughter of Sir William Kingsmill, of Sidmonton, Southampton, and wife of Hcneagc, E.arl of Winchelsea. Miscellaneous Poems, on several occasions, Lon., 1731, Svo! Among the pieces is a tragedy called Aristomines. ' Her best-known poem is The Atheist and the Acorn. Pope ad- dressed some verses to her, which elicited an " ele.'ant re- plication," printed in Gibber's Lives, and prefi.\ed to an old edit, of his works. Her poem upon the Spleen, imb in Gildon's Miscellany, 1701, Svo, w.-is, with several other of her pieces, inserted by Dr. Birch in the General Biographi- cal Dictionary, by permission of the Countess of Hertford, who owned the originals. " It is remarkable that, excepting a passage or two in the Wind- sor iorestol Pope, and some delightful pictures in the poems of Lady Minchelsea, the poetry of the period intervening between tlie publication ol the Paiadise Lost and the Seasons does not contain a single now image of external nature."— Wordsworth. The extravagance of this assertion appears to us to be manifest. Had Mr. Wordsworth perused and remembered all the poetry lietwcen Paradise Lost and The Seasons? Fint-h, H. Sonnets and other Poems. 1805, Svo Finch, Charles, Earl of Nottingham. His Royal Entertainment when Ambassador to the King of Simin 1605, 4to. ° ' ' i^J^'"*^^**' ''''"'*''' ^''™"<' ^•^■•1 of Nottingham. 1647- 1729-30, was educated at Christ Church, 0.vf., filled several important political posts. 1. Answer to Whiston's Letter to him concerning the Eternity of the Son of God and of the llol.v^,host, Lou., 1721, Svo; 3 edits, in the same year. FIN For this work he was thanked by the University of O.xford. 2. Letter to Dr. Waterland, printed at the end of Dr. New- ton's Treatise on Pluralities. Observations upon the State of the Nation in January, 1712-13, has been ascribed to him. Horace Walpole states that he was assured it was not his composition. Finch, EdAvard, Vicar of Christ's Church, London, brother ol Sir Heneage Finch, lirst Earl of Nottingham, was ejected from his parish by the parliamentary inquisi- tors. Answer to the Articles preferred against liim, 1041, 4to. The charges exhibited against him were pub. in the same year, 4to. Finch, George. Sketch of the Romish Controversy, Lon., 1831-36, 2 vols. Svo. Reprinted, 1850, 2 vols. Svo. "A valuable collection of documents extracted from various Bomcesr—Bklersbth's C. S. Finch, Heneage, first Earl of Nottingham, 1621- 1682, was a native of Kent, and educated at Oxford; At- torney-General, 1670 ; Lord Keeperaboutl673; LordHigh- Chancellor, 1675. A number of his parliamentary and judicial speeches were pub., 1660-1791. He left Chancery Reports. MS. in folio, and notes on Coke's Institutes. He is highly commended by Bishop Burnet. "He was a person of the greatest abilities and most uncorrupted integrity ; a thorough master and zealous defender of the laws and constitution of his country."- Sir Wm. Blackstone. See Athen. Oxon.; Collins's Peerage; Park's Walpole 'a R. and N. Authors. Finch, Heneage, second Earl of Winchelsea, d. 1689, was English ambassador to Turkey. 1. Narrative of the success of his Embassy to Turkey," Lon., 1661. 2. A Re- lation of the late prodigious Earthquake and Eruption of Mount Etna, 1669, fol. This eruption was witnessed bv his lordship on his return from Constantinople. Finch, Sir Henry, d. 1625, of the same family as the Lord Chancellor, was educated at Oxford, and became an eminent lawyer. 1. Nomotechnia; cest a Scavoir, un De- scription del Commun Leys d'Angleterre, &e., Lon., 1613, fol. Tran.s. by the author into English under the title Of Law, or a Discourse thereof, 1627, '36, '61, '78, Svo. New ed., with Notes and References by Dunby Pickering, 1769, Svo. Another trans., anon., 1759, Svo. Finch's Law was the principal guide of law students until the publication of Blackstone's Commentaries. The best portions of Finch are incorporated into the latter work. "Before wo attempt the perus;il of our ancient law writers it will be highly convenient to have a general idea of the common law ilsflf, the chief subject of all their tracts, and this perhaps cannot be had more readily than from that methodical system which is Well known by the name of Finch's Law. ... It is still m guod credit and repute. Out of it is extracted, or stolen, an- other small treatise, which is called Summary of the Common Law ot Lngland."— Ks/iop JVicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 179, The Summary noticed by the bishop was pub. in 1654, 12mo. 2. On the Calling of the Jews. Finch, Hon. Henry, Dean of York. Serm., 1712, 4to. Finch, John. 1. Travels in the U. States and Canada, Lon., Svo. ''.Mr. F.'s observations are marked by good sense, impartialily, and good feeling." — Lon. Monthly Rev. 2. The Natural Boundaries of Empire, 1844, fp. Svo. "We can strongly recommend the work, both for its usefulness and the exact and deep research of its most intelligent author "~ Bell s MVni.,D.D. 1. The Objec. of Infidel Historians, Ac. agst. Christianity; in 8 sernis. at the Bampton Lecture, 1797, and another scrm., 1797, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1798, 8vo. Fincher, Joseph. 1. Interpositions of Divine Pro- vidence, Lon., 12mo. 2. Achievements of Prayer, 2d ed., 1828. 12mo. F''in(Ien, W. and E. The splendid publications of these gentlemen — The Royal Gallery of British Art, Por- traits of Female Aristocracy, Tableaux, Ports and Har- bours of Great Britain, Landscape Illustrations of the Bible, &c. — arc well known and justly valued by the pub- lic in and nut of England. Findlater, Rev. Charles, minister of Newlands, Peebles. Genl. Survey of the Agricult. of the County of Peebles, Edin., 1802, Svo. "The suliject. matter is well arranged and very judiciously re- lated. The not-es and appendix are very valuable on the social policy of the district and its re^'uhitions: the report has always been esteemed.' — Dmiah/soii's AgncaU. Biog. Findlay, A. G, 1. Modern Atlas, Lon., 1843, r. Svo. 2. Outline Maps, 1843, r. 4to. 3. Classical Atlas of Ancient Geography, 1S47, r. Svo, and r. 4to, N. York, 1849, Svo. "This atlas will ha found to answer all the purposes of the stu- dent. It is undoubtedly the best collection of maps for its size that has hitherto appeared, and the interesting information con- tained in the introduction renders the work doubly valuable." — CHARLF5 Anthon. LL.D.. CnlumJjia College. 4. School Classical Atlas, imp. Svo, 5. School Atlas of Modern Geography, 1848, 4to. The value of these atlases is well known, and they are beautifully gotten up. *'The artistic-al portion of these Atlases cannot be surpassed." — Oiurch awl State Gazette. 6. Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean, 1851, 2 vols. r. Svo. 7. Sailing Directory for the East Coast of England and Scotland, 1852, Svo. 8. Comparative Atlas of Ancient and Modern Geography, 1853, imp. 4to. Findlay, J. Four serms.. by J. F., J. Tozer, J. Moody, and G. C. Broadbelt, Lon., 1799, Svo. Findlay, John K,, son of Gov. Findlay of Pennsyl- vania. Archbold'sfJ. F.) Law of Nisi Prius; 3d Amer. ed., enlarged and improved, by J. K. F., Phila., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. The editor's Introduction and additions to the body of the work greatly increase the value of the original, which is perhaps the best treatise upon the subject. See Arch- BOLO. J. F. ; Stephens, ARCHiBALn John. Findlay, Robert, 1721-1814, a Scotch divine, was educated at the University of Glasgow and at Leyden : one of the ministers of Glasgow. 1756 ; Prof, of Divinity in that University, 1782. 1. Two Letters to Dr. Kennicott, Lon., 1762. Svo. Anon. 2. Psalmody, Glasg., 1763, Svo. Anon. 3. Vindication of the sacred Books and of Jose- phus from Voltaire, 1770, Svo. '• This is a serious and solid refutation of many of M. de Vol- taire's most formidable objections to the sacred writings." — Bishop Watson. 4. Letter to Dr. Jebb, 1778, Svo. Anon. 5. Remarks on Lindsey's Dissert, on Praying to Christ, 17S1. Svo. "These tracts contain importaut observations on some passages of Scripture in that department of the Socinian controversy." — Orme's Bibl. Bib. 6. The Divine Inspiration of the Scriptures of the Old Test, asserted by St. Paul, 2 Tim. iii. 16; and Dr. Ged- des's Reasons against the Tenor of his Words examined, 1804, Svo. "The reply to Dr. Geddes is a most satisfactory one, and both vindicates the common reading of 2 Tim. iii. 16, and supports the generaliv received views of inspiration." — Orinc^s Bihl. Bib. Findley, Wm., d. 1821. a member of the U. States Congress, 1812, a native of Irehind, was a zealous sup- porter of the American Revolution. 1. Review of the Funding System, 1794. 2. Hist, of the Insurrection of the 4 western counties of Penn., Ac, Phila,, 1796. 3. Ob- serv. on the two Sons of Oil, vindic. religious liberty agst. Rev. Samuel B. Wylie. Finegan, J. T. An Attempt to illustrate a few Pas- sages in Shakspeare's Works, Bath, 1S02, Svo, with quo- tations from *' Pierce Plowman's Vision," respecting the antiquity of which the author dissents from Warton's opinion. Finett, Sir John, Knt., 1571-1640, a native of Soul- ton, Kent. 1. Finetti Philoxemis, rcl. to Forren Ambassa- dors in Eng.. Lon., 1656, Svo ; 1756, 12mo. Posth.; pub. by James Howell. A curious work. See an analysis in Oldys's Brit. Lib.. 163-S. 2. On Estates; from the* French of R. de Lusing, 1606. "He was bred up in the court, where, by his wit, mirth, and uncommon skill in composing songs, he very much pleased James 1." Fin^lass, Esther. The Recluse; or, History of Lady Gertrude Le?ly, Lon., 1790, 2 vols. 12mo. Finglass, John^ D.D., Preb. of St. Andrew's, Dublin. Serms., 161*5, 4to. F^inlason, W. 1. Leading Cases in Pleading and Parties to Action, with Notes, Lon., 1847, r. Svo; Har- risburg, 1847, Svo. " The Notes themselves are learned, and, we may add. elaborate Treatises upon the matters to which they relate." — London Laio Mag. *'A valuable addition to the library of the professional man."— Penn. Law Jour. 2. Finlason. W., and Morris R., Common Law Proce- dure Act, 1852; with Notes, Lon., 1852, 12mo. Finlay, George. 1. Greece under the Romans, B.C. 146-A.D. 717, Lon., 1843, Svo; 2d ed.. 1857, Svo. " His work is therefore learned and profound. It throws a flood of liglit upon an important thoush obscure portion of Grecian history. ... In the essential requisit*'S of fidelity, accuracy, and learning. Mr. Finlay bears a fiivourable comparison with any his- torical writer of our day.'" — North Amer. Rev. " The History of Greece under the Romans has been ably written by Mr. Finlay." — Lon. Qiiar. Hev. 2. The liist. of Greece from its Conquest by the Cru- saders to its Conquest by the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond, 1204-1461, 1851. Svo. 3. Hist, of the Byzantine Empire, 716-1057, 185.3, Svo. 4. Hist, of the Byzantine and Greek Empires, 1057-1453, 1S54, Svo. "At a time when so much attention is being devoted to the mo- dem history of the Greek race, and to the constitution .ind history of the Greek Church, and when even our scholars are catching the enthusiasm, and insisting on the necessity of studying the modern Greek language and literature. Mr. Fiulay's solid and careful works will be welcomed by all who read to be informed." — Lon. AthencFum. Finlay, John, 1782-lSlO, a native of Glasgow, and j educated at the University of that city, was a poet of some repute. 1. Wallace; or, The Vale of EUerslie; with other Poems, Glasg., 1802, 12mo ; 1804, Svo. 2. Scottish Hist. and Romantic Ballads; chiefly ancient, Edin., 1S08, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Life of Cervantes. " Ilis chief poem, 'Wallace; or, The Vale of EUerslie,' which was written at the age of nineteen, is doubtless an imperfect compo- sition ; but it displays a wonderful power of versification, and con- tains many splendid descriptions of external nature. It possesses both the merits and defects which we look for in the early compo- sitions of true genius. . . . The collection of ' Historical and Ro- mantic Ballads' entitles the name of Finlay to a place among Scottish antiquaries, and to follow those of Walter Scott and Ro- bert .Tamiesou." — Blackirond'.'; Mag., ii. 186, q. v. for a biographical sketch and specimen of Finlay's poetry. Finlay, John. 1. Churchwardens, Ac. in Ireland, Dubl., Svo. 2. Landlord and Tenant in do., Svo. 3. Law of Tithe in do., Svo. 4. Laws of Game, (fee.. Svo. 5. Law of Renewals, 1822, Svo. 6. Digested Index to all the Irish Rep. Cases in Law and Equity, 1S30, Svo. Finlayson, Georg:e, surgeon and naturalist to Mr Crawford's Mission to Siam and Hue, 1821, '22. An Ac count of the Mission from the Journal of the late G. F., with a Memoir of the Author, by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Bart. " We are satisfied of the accuracy with which he has recorded the transactions oft his abortive mission." — Lon. Quar.Rev.,\x\iu.lO-i- ISS.q.v. for an interesting account of this unsuccessful expedition, Finlayson, James, D.D.. the colleague of Dr. Blair. 1. Serms., by Dr. Blair, with his Life. 2. Serms., with Life and Character of the Author, Lon., 1809, Svo. " In originality of thought and cogency of reasoning, we think they will ie kmg had a sharp jn-- ' ^^^P' j^.-- ;-,,,:,i;,;--H„-t,;VeTof rh, K.-t m.u in the iutervafbeinB ' expreF-i the "reat sufloriogs that ho had endured for his loyalty; , = , , .V 1, .• . " 1 .u- 1 ,„ 1 but his iKilralile Hntteries of the Knat mi-u in the iuterval being guraeut always ready for the obstinate, and this learncU ^^t^^j^uJij, '|^^o„„. he could ol.tain imthini; hut what his wits pro- andexeellcnt man was murdered — i.e. beheaded — by kingly | cured, lived always poor, as not know in;; the true value of money, command, June 22, 1535, which sad act, rightly says Bishop : and void of a prudential loresight. and lunninf; himself much in Burnet, - left one of the greatest blots upon this kingdom's debt, endured several years imprisonment m the Fleet, and he- ,. .. Ti 1, 1. 1. 1 t,.f„i;=„a ' came the object of charity. He had a very Kood command of the ceedmg.s. He pub. some serms and theolog. treatises, , J^Xn p^n; it being, as 'twere, natural to him, and was esteemed proc ... a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit., and see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. A collective edit, of his works was pub. at Wurtiburg in 1595, fol. The early edits, of his Treatise cone, the Fruitful Sayings of David, 1508, '09, '25, '29, 4to, are of considerable p8cuniar.y value, and his serms. on the Countess of Richmond and on Henry VII. were sold some years since at an auction in London for £9 9«. each. The Life of Bishop Fisher was pub. by Dr. Bailey in 1655. A new Life, by the Rev. John Lewis, author of the Life of Wickliffe, Ac, prepared from the ori- ginal MS. and prefaced by an Introduction, by T. Hudson Turner, may he shortly expected. ,Since writing the above this work has been pub., Lon., IS55, 2 vols. 8vo, uniformly printed with the Clarendon Press eds. of the author's other : biographical works, Strype's Lives, Ac. Erasmus gives a noble character of this ornament of England: '■ Reverendus Episcopus Koffeusis, vir nou solflm mirabili inte;xri- [ tate vitje, verilm etiam alta et recondita doctrina, turn morum quoque inoredibiii .imitate commendatus maximis pariter ac mi- nimis. Aut e;;re^'ie fallor. aut is vir est unus. cum quo nemo sit hac tempestate idiiferendus, vel iutegritate vitae, vel eruditione, vet animi ma'.;nitudine." Fisher, John, an English Jesuit, whose true name was Peircy, was a native of Yorkshire. He became a Jesuit in 1594, and was living in 1611. 1. Treatise of Faith, Lon., 1600. 2. Defence of do., 1612. .3. Challenge to Protest- ants, 1612. 4. Answer to some points of Controvers.y. His Conference with Laud was first pub. in 1624. with AV'hite's answer to Fisher's reply to K. James I. Laud's Conierence with Fisher, 6th ed., will be found in the new ed. of Laud's works, vol. ii., Oxf., 1S49. For other controversial tracts in answer to Fisher, see Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and sec Dodd's Ch. Hist. Fisher, John. Serms., 172.1, Svo. FisUer, John, Vicar of St. Laurence. 15 Serms. on Bevcral Subjects, 1741, Svo. Fisher, John, Vicar of St. John's in Peterborough. On Perjury; a Serm., Lon., 17.^).'3, 4to. Fisher, John. The Valley of Llanherne (Cornwall) and other Pieces of Verse, Istll, 12mo. Fisher, John, 174S-1S25. a native of Hampton, edu- cated at Peterhouse, Camb., Bishop of Salisbury, 1S07. A Charge, 1805, 4to. Serm., 1806, 4to. Serm., 1807, 4to. Fisher, Jonathan. A Picturesque Tour of Killarney. With 20 Views, Map. ic, Lon., 1791, foL Fisher, Joseph. Marriage; a Serm., 1695, 4to. Fisher, Rev. Joseph. 1. Remarks rel. to Lindsey's Scrip. Confutation, 1775, Svo. Priestley's Philos. Necess., 1779, 12mo. Fisher, Joseph, M.D. Practice of Medicine made Easy, Lon., 1785, Svo. CoalAVorks; Trans. R. Irish Acad., v. 266. Fisher, Miss Kitty. 1. The Juvenile Adventures of, Lon., 1759, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Her Miscellany, with a Dramatic Serm. by two Methodist Preachers, 1760, Svo. Fisher, Myles, d. 1819, aged 71, a lawyer of Phila- delphia, a member of the Society of Friends, pub. an answer to Paine's Age of Reason, " He was a man of science, and an eloquent orator." — AJhn's Amer. Biorj. Diet. Fisher, Xathaniel, 1742-1S12, Episcopal minister at Salem. Mass.. 1781-1812, was a native of Dedham, Mass. .Serms., ISIS, Svo. Fisher, Payne, or, as he styled himself in his Latin pieces, Paganus Piseator, 1616-93, a native of Dorsetshire, was educated at Hart Hall, Oxf., and Magdalen Coll, Carab. He served in the army in the Netherlands, and subsequently in Ireland and England, where he was ad- vanced to the rank of Major. In 1044 he served at the siege of York, and was present at the battle of Marston Moor, which he " celebrated in his first published i>oem," 1650, 4to. He subsequently joined the Parliamentarians, and became poet-laureate to Cromwell. Wood gives a long list of his pieces, and, of course, speaks of him with undis- guised contempt: " Beiufi destitute of means and money, he retired in private to London, lived there by his wits, favoured by his pen the successful retjellion, and, as a true time server, (incident to most poets.l iogi-.v tiated himself so much with the preat men then in power, that he did homsijie to. and became at length poet-Iaureat (or. as he himself used to sav, scribbler) to Oliver, the protector of Kngland, a pre- tended lover of musicians and poets; but the niggardliness and ■ ■ " * 1 .act „. pen; .- ^, by many judicious persons an excellent Latin poet, as many things of that faculty, which he wrote purposely to flatter groat persons to obtain rewards, shew." — Athm. Oxon. A collection of his poems was pub. in 1663, Svo. His Book of Heraldry was pub. in 16S2, and an account of The Tombs, Monuments, ic. in St. Paul's and St. Faith's, in 1684, 4to. Fisher, Peter. Monies raised in Suffolk, 1648. Fisher, Philip, D.D., Master of Charterhouse. Serm. on Eccles. ii. 1, Lon., 1811, 4to. Fisher, R. T. Act rel. to Wills, Lon., 1837, 12mo. Fisher, Richard Barnard. 1. Copyhold Tenure, Lon., 1794, Svo; 2d ed., 1S03. 2. Sketch of Lisbon, ISll. 12uio. 3. Importance of the Cape of Good Hope, 1S14. Fisher, Robert. Serm., Prov. xxiii. 23. Tractari- anism opposed to Truth, the Safety of the Ch., Ac, Lon., 1843, Svo. Fisher, Roger. Heart of Oak the British Bulw.ark, Lon., 171)3, 4to. Advocates the propagation of Oak Tim- ber, Ac. See Evelyn, John; title Sijh'a. Fisher, Samnel, a Quaker. The Testimony of Truth Exalted; consisting of several Treatises, Lon., 1679, fol. Fisher, Thomas. Warlike Directions; or, the Sol- dier's Practice, Lou., 1643, 4to. Fisher, Thomas. 1. Bedlordshire Antiquities, 1836, sm. fol. £S S»., and r. fol. £10 10». Nos. 1, 2, 3, h,ad been pub. in 1812, '13, r. 4to. The subjects are for the most part inedited, and consist of Churches, Priories, Castles, Old Houses, Door Ways, Monuments, Brasses, Tombs, Fonts, Crosses, Ancient Sculpture, and Miscellaneous Anti- quities. An Index is prefixed, with paginal references to Lyson's History of the County. 2. Warwickshire Antiquities. (First part, 1S07-09, foL, 3 pts. not completed; 33 plates.) Edited by John Gough Nichols, 1836, r. foh £10 10s. '•The ancient fresco paintings are especiiiUy curious, as having been executed in England in an age of which, according to the opinion of Walpole in his History of fainting, no specimens of the Art existed. Only 120 copies were printed, and that number can- not now he increased without an enormous expense, as many of the plates have been destroyed." — Lon. Gent. Mag. Fisher, Thomas. Dial of the Seasons, Phila., Svo. Fisher, \\m. Serm., Lon., 15S0, 4to; do. 1592, Svo. Fisher, Wni. Serm.. 1716, Svo. Fishlake, J. R. 1. Greek Grammar, Lon., Svo. 2. Cat. of Irreg. Greek Verbs, 2d ed., 1844, Svo. " Hut tman's Catalogue con tainsall those prominent irregularities so fully and fundamentally investigated, that 1 was convinced a translation of them would piove a valuable assistant to every lover and student of Greek literature."— /'rc/ace. 3. Lexilogus: Greek Words and Passages in Homer, Hesiod, Ac, 3d ed., 1S46, Svo. '•.\ most able disquisition. It contains a deeper and more criti- cal knowledge of Oieek, more extensive research, and more sound judgment, than we ever remember to have seen in any one work before."— Z.OH. QuarlfHi/ R.-view. 4. Larger Greek Grammar, 3d ed., by Supf, 1S48, Svo. Fisk, Prof. Educational works, pub. in Boston, Mass. I Fisk, George. An Analysis of Coke upon Littleton, ' in a Scries of Questions to be answd. by the Student, Lon., 1824, Svo. '•This work cannot fail to be inestimable to the student desirous of a thorough knowledge of the first Institute."- i/o/Zmaifs Leg. St,(.. 2:;0. Fisk, Pliny, 1792-1S25, a native of Massachusetts, a distinguished missionary in the East, who died of a fever at Beyroot, prepared an English and Arabic Dictionary, and pub. several papers in the Missionary Herald. See Alvin Bond's Life of Pliny Fisk. 182S, 12mo. Fisk, Wilbur, D.D., d. 1S39, aged 46. first President of the Weslevan University, Middletown, Conn., an emi- nent Method'ist divine, pub. several theolog. and educa- tional works, and a vol. of Travels in Europe, which has had a wide circul.ation, and been greatly admired. See Life of Dr. Fisk by Prof. Iloldich, N. York, 1842, Svo, Fiske, Mrs. Records of Fashion, 4to, in Nos, Fiske, John, 1601-1677, first minister of Wenham and Chelmsford, Mass. The Olive Branch Watered; a Catechism. Fiske, Jonathan. 1. His Case, Lon., 1781, Svo. 2. Life and Transactions of .Marq. Nicolson, 1786, Svo. Fiske, Nathan W., Prof, of Amherst Coll., d. 1S47, in Palestine. 1. Manual of Classical Literature, based incompetency of his reward shewed that he was a personatei of greatness, and that private Cromwell did govern prince Oliver. , , ., , r t t t^ i i -.i i After his majesty's restoration he turned about, endeuvomod to . upon the German work of J. J. Eschenburg, with large FIS addits. and a sup. vol. of platea, Phila., 1836; 4th edit., J843. The first three parts were pub. separ.itcly, under the title of Classical Anticjiutics, 8vo. 2. Young Peter's Tour around the World, N. York, 16mo. 3. Slory of Aleck; or, The Hist, of Pitcairn's Island, Boston, 18mo. "His talunis were, undoubtedly, of a hi','hl.v respectJililo order his modesty remarkable, while the bijrh-t.med principles of honour which Koverned his actions, and the meekness, humility, and other Cliristian virtues which adorned his character, were such as to endear bim to those who were actiuaiuted with him." — Edwakd C. Bll.DLE, of Phila. FIT Fiske, Nathan, D.D., 1733-1799, minister of Brook- field, Mass. Scrms., ic, 1775-1.501. Fiske, Oliver, d. 1S37, aged 74. Medical Essays; Miscellaneous papers. Fissen, Major J. P. The Warning: on War, 1806. Fistoil, Will, (i.riuaine Empire, 1695, 4to. Fitch, Rt'v. Elijah, 1745-17SS, educated at Yale Coll., was settled at llopkinton, iMass., where he died in the 17th year of bis ministry. Poems: The Beauties of Religion; The Choice; Providence, 1789. Fitch, J. Receipts for making Wines, Lon., 1815. Fitch, Jabez, 1672-1746, minister of Portsmouth, N. Hampshire. .Serms., 1727-36. He made Collections rel. to X. H., to which Dr. Bclkn.ap had access. Fitch, John, 1743-1798. a native of Windsor, Con- necticut, gained more celebrity than profit by his applica- tion of "steam power to water craft." His first experi- ment with a steamboat (the Perseverance) on the Delaware Kiverwas made May 1, 1787. See a description of it Ijy Dr. Thornton, (Eminent .Mechanics, p. 32.) .and a Life of Fitch hy Charles Whittlesey, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., Second Series, vi. 81. 1. The Original Steamboat supported, Ac, Phila., 1788, 8to. This is against Rumsey's claim to pri- ority, as asserted in his pamphlet. Joshua Barnes pub. an answer to Fitch, espousing Rumsey's claim, in the same year, 8vo. 2. An E.i£plan. for keeping a Shi[>'s Traverse at Sea by the Columbian Ready Reckoner, Lon., 1793. "The diagrams and explanations contained in this book of twenty pages show a high mathematical talent, and a |>ift of .sim- plification and order truly remarkable in a self tau"ht mind ''— W/nUleaei/s Bioff., itln supra. In 1858 was pub. Life of John Fitch, the Inventor of the Steambo.at, by Thompson Westcott, Phila., 12mo, pp 415 "The hook will weU reward perusal; for many of his persona! adventures are stranger than most Action, while the detiiils with reference to the early history of steam-navig.ation are ciiious and bear all the marks of dihgeut and thorough research."— Iv. Amer Jiev., .July. 1S5S, o,s3_ Fittlcr, James. Scotia Dcpicta. Lon., 1804, 4to Fitton, \Vm., M.D. Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc, 1811. Fitz, Asa. Schi.id-Books, pub. iu Boston. Fitz-Albion. His Letters to the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt and the Rt. Hon. H. Addington, Lon.. 1804 Svo Fitz-Urian, B. The (iood Old Cause, 1657. 4to. Fitzclarence, Jut.-Col., Earl of Mimster. Jour- nal oi a Route across In.lia. through Egypt, to England, in 1S17, 18, 4to; 1819, 4to. Bought up hy the noble author. "A lively and interesting narrative."— ton. Quar. Hn "Full of various intrfligence."— Lon. Lit. Gaz. Fitzcotton, Henry. New and acciir.ate trans, of the First Book of Homer's Iliad. Dubl., Lon. 174M hvo , .^I"^"<^^«"''>'' Of Fitz-Geoflry, Charles,' 1575- Ib36. a native of Cornwall, educated at Broad^atcs Hall 0.xf , became Rector of St. Dominick, in his own county' 1. The Life and Death of Sir Francis Drake ; a Poem Oxf 1596, 12mo. 2. Affania! sive Epigrammata, Lib. III., ami Ccnotaphi.a, Lib. L, 1601, Svo. He appears, also, to have been the author of a prose tract, entitled, A Curse for Corne-hordcrs, 1631, 4to, and a religious poem called The Blessed Birth-day, 1634, '36, 4to; 1654, sm. Svo. He also pub. some serms., and wrote commendatory lines to several publications. Wood erroneously ascribes to hiin the col- lection of poetry entitled, Choyeest Flowers, Ac, known as England's Parnassus, which belongs to Allot; but, as Dr. Bliss suggests, Fitz-Gefl^ry may have assisted the for- mer. Fitz-Gefifry was highly esteemed by his contempo- raries. In the following linos we have both his mental and physical portrait: *■ Blind Poet Ilumer you doe equalize, Thouj-h he sjiw moie with none, then with most eyes. Our Oeoffry Chaucer, who wrote quaintly neat. In verse you match, equal! him in conce'it : Featur'd you are like Homer in one eve. Rightly surnam'd the Sonne of tieotTery." ,1 -c-i H.iyma7i-x Qurdmcts. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon *it7,geffrey obtained the applauses of many contemporaries for tliK reliKious strains, and not without deservine them, since he seems to have performed better than most others what human mtellect can never adequately accomplish."— See Athen. Oxon ; JJibUrra her "^ '^'"^"''"° roetarum; Censura Liteiaria; Brit. 6UU Satyres and Epigrams, Fitz-Gcffrey, Henry. 1617, '20. Fitzgerald, tord. His Letter discovering a Plot to Kill ProtestJinls in Ireland, Lon., 1647, 4to. Fitzgerald, Edward. The Regent's Feat; a Poem, ISI ] , 4t<). Fitzgerald, George Robert. 1. Appeal to The Jockey Club, Lon., 1775, Svo. 2. Reply to T. Walker, 1775, Svo. 3. Appeals, Ac. 4. Doctrine of Indict, at Com- mon Law, Ac, Dubl., 1782, Svo. 5. The Riddle, Lon.. 1787, 4to. ' Fitzgerald, Gerald, D.D., Hebrew Prof, in Dublin University. 1. The Academic Sportsman ; a Poem, Dubl 4to; Lon., 1773. 2. Origin.ality and Permanence of the Biblical Hebrew, Dubl., 1796, Svo. " The object of Dr. I'itzgerald. in this volume, is to prove the di- vine origin of the Hebrew language, and that its letters hare un- dergone no change. . . . Thereareconsiderablelearningandacute- ness discovered in this tract; but several of its positions wUl not be assented to by scholars."— Orm*'.? BM. Bib. 3. Poems, Svo. 4. A Hebrew Grammar for the use of the Students of the Univ. of Dublin, 1799, Svo. ■ "i'^ ^v',"' '^''^' *'"' useful introduction to the Hebrew tongue, in hnglish. for the use of students in our Universities, and par- ticularly in the University of Dublin."— ion. Mmllihi Ilev. "The author has pursued an intei-mediate method between adopting all the Masoretic rites and rejecting them all to.^etber, - VIZ.. by retaining the vowel points, and such of the a.-cents as are most distinguishable and useful, and omitting all the other ac- cents, (the number of which is considerable,) which he deems wholly unnecessary in the present state of the Hebrew tongue "— Homes Bibl. Bib. ^ Fitzgerald, James. Poetical Pastimes, 1811, Svo Fitzgerald, John. Tracts on the Popish Plot,' 16S1, fol. Fitzgerald, Keane. Letter to the Directors E. I. Comjiany, Lon., 1777, Svo. Steam Engine, Ac, Phil Trans., 1757-S2. , "". Fitzgerald, Kev. P. The Hist., Topog., and Antiq. of Limerick, Ac, hy the Rev. P. F. and I. I. McGregor. Dubl., 1826, '27, 2 vols. Svo. Fitzgerald, Preston. The Spaniard and Siorlamb, and other Poems, 1810, Svo. Spain Delivered, and other Poems, 1813. Svo. Fitzgerald, Samuel, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., Fitzgerald, Rev. Wm. Theolog. and other works, 1S39-51. Fitzgerald, Wm. Thomas. Prologues and Epi- logues, 17113. Other poetical pieces. 1793-1S14. Fitz-Gibbon, John, Earl of Clare. See Clare Fitzgibbons, John. Cases in K. B., C. P., Ex and Ch., 1728-33, Lon., 1732, fol. "It isof no authority. "—Lord UARDvacKE. " The cases in this Ixiok are very incorrectly reported."— Can;? The learned Judge excepted certain cases from these censures : see Wallace's Reporters ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. Fitzhcury, James. Observ. on passages from jf. Barclti's Jimr. from London to Genoa, Lon., 1770, Svo Fitzherbert, Mir Anthony, d. 153S, an eminent lawyer, a native of Norbury, Devonshire, was educated at O.xford; Justice of the Court of C. Pleas, 1523. 1. Le Graunde Abridgement, Lon., 1514, '16. '65, '77, fol. This valu.able work contains a digest of all the cases in the Year Books down to the 21 Hen. VII., "painfully and elabo- rately collected," and Ca.ses from the reigns of Rich. IL, Edw. I. .and II., Hen. III., and m.aiiy readings and origi- nal authorities. It is most probable that Statham's Abridge- ment was pub. before Fitzherbert's. "The character of the Abiidgements of Fitzherbert and Brooke [see liiioOKE. Sm KocERT, in this Dictionary] m.ay be summed up in a tew words. They are mere indexes, under general heads of the principal adjudged cases up to their own times, in which the points are accurately stated, but without any attention to order or any attempt at classiflcation. As repositories of the old law' they now niaintain a very considerable value, and may be con- sulted with advantage. Whoever examines them (for a thorough prus:il of them will be a mere waste of time) will probably fjel inclined, when he can. to ascend to the original sources; hut if the.se shoud not be within his reach, he may rely with confidence that these learned judges have not indulged themselves in a care- less transcription or a loose statement of the law. In our own practice we have frequently found them the safest guides to the old law. and particularly to the contents of the Year Books"— JtiME Stoev: a-. Amer. Ifev.. art. Dane's Abrittfft. ofAmir Law See also Marvin's Leg. Bibl., and authorities there re- ferrcd to. In Fulbeck's Preparative will be found a com- parison drawn between the Abridgements of Brooke and Fitzherbert. 2. L'Oflice et Auctoritie de Justices de Peace Written in French in 1514, trans, into English in 1538- enlarged by Richard Crompton, 15S7, 4to. See Cnoiip- TON, Richard. Many eds. before and since this date FIT Kew ed.. 1704. 2 vols. r. Svo. The pHs. Itctwccn 1653 and 17IS vary but little. 'A. The Buke of Husbandiie, 1523, 4to. [ Many eds. This is the first work in the Enj^lish language ■ entirely devoted to agriculture. 4. The IJokc of Survey- | ing and Improueincts, 152;^, 4t() ; several eds. Respecting these works, see Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 5. La Novel | Natura Brevlum, 1534, Svo. Between this and the New , Natura Brcvium, 9th ed., so called, with a Comment, j ascribed to Sir Matthew Hale, twenty imprints appeared. ! For particulars of eds., tfec. of this and Sir Anthony's ' other works, see Marvin's Leg, Bibl. ; Bibl. Brit.; Lown- des's Bibl. Man. '•The Natura Brevium is esteemed an exact work, excellently well pt-nn'd. and hath been much admired by the noted men in the common law." — Ath^ir. Oxon. '■ An exact work. exqui>itfly penned." — Lord Coke. *' He is observed in this book never to cite any authority but where the case is rare and doubtful; following herein the ^'reat example of Sir Tho. Littleton in bis Cimous Treatise on Tenures. It was carefully reviewed and corrected by W. iJastal, who added a table and some pi'oper ornaments to what its excellent author seems to have left unfini.'Jhed." — Blshoj) Nicvlso7i*s Eng. Hist. Lib., 191). The Boke of Husbandrie has been ascribed to another Anthony Fitzherbert, and also to John Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony's brother, but we think in both cases without sufficient reason. See Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.j Shaw'a Staffordshire ; Eridgman's Leg. Bibl. Fitzherhert, E, H. See Falconer, Thowas. Fitzherbert, Nicholas, 15oti?-lfil2, grandson of the preceding, educated at Exeter Coll., Oxf., was a zealous ! Roman Catholic, and became secretary to Cardinal Alan. I 1. Casae Galatiei de Bonis Moribus. liume, 1595. A trans, j from the Italian. 2. Oxoniensis in AngUa Academias De- I scriptio, 1602. Svo. 3. De Antiquitate et Continuatione I Catholica? Religionis in Anglia, 16U8, '38, Svo. 4. Vitte , Cardinalis Alani Epitome, 160S. i "Accounted eminent for his knowledge in both the laws and in human literature." — Athem. Oimi. Fitzherbert, Thomas, 1552-1640, cousin of the pre- ceding, and also a zealous Roman Catholic, was educated at Oxford. In 1614 he became a Jesuit at Rome, and was Rector of the English College in that city for 23 years. He pub. a Treatise concerning Policy and Religion, Doway, 1606-10, 4to, and several tracts in defence of his Church, for a list of which see Athen. Oxon. Fitzherbert, Sir Wm., 174S-1791. of the same family as the preceding, was educated at St. John's Coll., Camb. 1. On the Knights Made in 1778. Ascribed to him. 2. Revenue-Laws. 3. Maxims. Fitzhugh, George. Sociology for the South; or, The Failure of Free Suciety, Richmond, 1S55, 12mo. Fitzhiigh, Wm. Henry, 1792-1 S.-^O, V. Pres.of Amer. Colonization Society. 1. Essays : Ojiinions in favour of the Amer. Car, 18;i7; edited the St. Louis Daily Commercial Bulletin, 1S3S; associate editor with George D. Prentice of the Louisville Literary News-Letter, 1838-39; practised law in Vieks- burg, Miss., with the Hon. Sargent S. Prentiss, 1840, Ac. ; conductor of the Gazette, pub. at Marietta, Ohio, 1842; conducted the St. Louis Evening Gazette, 1844-45 ; subse- quently Reporter of the Courts of St. Louis county ; secre- tary to the Hon. Edward A. Haunegan, American Minister to Berlin, 1848; subsequently practised law at St. Louis; U. States Consul for the Port of Venice, 1850; subsequently conductor of a democratic newspaper at St. Louis. In 1836 Mr. Flagg wrote Sketches of a Traveller, for the Louisville Journal; these papers were afterwards pub. in a work entitled The Far We.=t. N. York, 1S3S. 2 vols. His other works are — Carrero, or the Prime Minister : a Novel ; Francois of Valois: a Novel; The Howard Queen : a No- vel; Blanche of Artois: a Novel; several other novels, and some dramas; Venice, The City of the Sea, 1797-1849. N. York, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. A third vol., to be entitled North Italy since 1S49, will shortly be given to the world. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Those who would have a vivid conception of Venice in her latter days must not fail to read Mr. Flagg's City of the Sea. "A carefully-conipiled. poetically-written digest of the history of glorious old Venice." — N.Y. KtiickerbocKer. Flagg, J. F, B., M.D.. a resident of Philadelphia, was b. in Boston, Mass., 1804. Ether and Chloroform: their Employment in Surgery, Dentistry, Midwifery, Therapeutics, &q., Phila., 1851, 12mo. This work has been highly commended. Flagg, Wilson. Studies in Field and Forest, Bost., 1856, rjmo. Highly commended by Lon. Critic, Ac. Flaherty, or O'Flaherty, Roderic, an Irish his- torian, a native of MoycuUin, county of Galway. Ogygia, seu Rerum Hibernicarum Chromdogia, Lon., 1685, 4to. Trans, into Eng. by Rev. James Hely, Dubl., 1793, 2 vols. Svo. See an account of this work in ^yare's Ireland, by Harris, and in Bishop Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib. Flaherty was something like an antiquarian : the Christian era was with him quite a modern date. Let us see what he pro- mised the Duke of Y'ork : the italics are our own : "His patron, the then Duke of York, afterwards Kin;^ .Tames the Second, is encoura<:ed to expect a complete chain of his royal ancestors in a right line of an hundred and fwni ti/-f our gevpra lions from Adam ; vj/in-mfelevp-n were h'/'rrr- (he J1"f>d. twenty-i^'w between that epocha and their settlement here, tifty-one in Ireland, and tbirty-six in Scotland: but afterwards he seems not to lie sure of making out the re^ial stem, without interruption, for above 2700 years." — Bishop Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib. What a sad falling off! Quite a modern affair, after all. "Dr. Loftus said that among all the chronolotrical treatises of Ireland whirh he had perused, he found none written with that exactness. dilij;ence. and judjrment. as this.*' — Wire's Jrelond. Flamsteed, John, 1646-1719, the first royal astro- nomer, a native of Denby, Derby.'-hirc, was ordained by Bishop Gunning in 1675, and received the living of Bur- stow, Surrey, about 1684. He was devoted to astronomical investigations, and pub. some treatises and a number of papers in Phil, Trans.. 1672-1713, upon his favourite pur- suit. His principal work, Historia Coelestis Britannicfe, liljri duo, was not pub. in a complete shape until after his death, when the necessary addititms were made, and it was given to the world in 1725, 3 vols. fol. This contains the places of 2934 stars. An imperfect edit, was pub. in 1712, fob. without Flamsteed's consent. In some respects it is said to be more accurate than the authorized edit. It con- 601 FLA FLA tains only 26S0 stars. To the preceding work is often ' joined ttie Atlas Coelestia, 1729, '53, fot. Some of Flam- steed's MSS., discovered by Mr. Francis Baily in the Ob- servatory at Greenwich, together with some of his letters and autobiographical memoranda, were pub. in 1835 by order of the Lords of the Admiralty. To these we must refer the reader, and also to the Biog. Brit.; Whiston's . Life; Lysons's Environs; Ward's Greshani Professors; Martin's Biog. Philosophicaj Hutton's Diet.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. I "The Htatnria Cek^is Bn(^ jytir/imn iin<^, p. xvii,, xviii. "Galileo Galilei was the first who discovend tour plaiu4s mriving constantly round Jupiter, from thence usually ■alli-d liis s;ttellites, which afterwaids were observed to have a constant, n-gular. and periodical motion. This motion is now so exactly known, that Mr. Flamsteed. who is one of the most accurate observers that ever was. has been able to calculate tables of the eclipses of the several satellites, according to which. Astronomers in different quarters of the world, having notion of the precise time when to look for them, have found them to answer to his predictions, and published their observations accordingly.'' — Dr. Wm. Wotton: HeJUxions upon Ancient and Mixhrn Learning. "Mr. Flamsteed. with indefatigable pains, for more than forty years, watched the motions of the stars, and has given us innu- merable observations of the sun, moon, and planets, which he made with very large instruments exactly divided by most exquisite art, and fitted with felesc()pical sights." — Dr. Jou.v Keil: 1^-ef.tohis Intmduc. to the triu- P/u'/us. See Bioi^. Bi it. Flanagan, S. W. and C. Kelly, Reports in Chan. Rolls Ct. temp. Sir M. O'Loghlen, Dubl., 1843, Svu. Flanders, Henry, b. at Plainfield, New Hampshire. 1. A Treatise on Maritime Law, Bost., 1853, 8vo. "It has been carefully and elegantly written, the authorities are numerous, and appear to be cited with exactness, and within its scope, it forms a complete treatise on the subject which it em- hrnce f>:'—Phiug character than i'la- ye\."—Bick'rstetfi's C. S. The Tokeu for Mourners is included in the vol. entitled The Mourner's Companion, 1825, 12mo. See Gobdos, Robert. Flavel, Phineas. The Grand Evil of the Disciple's Heart Discovered, Lon., 1676, Svo. Flaxuiaii, Johu, 1755-1826, an eminent English sculptor, was a native of York, but at an early age removed to London with his father, a manufacturer of plaster casts. As a boy, much of his time was occupied in making mo- dels in clay, which evinced a remarkable genius fur the art in which he afterwards became so eminent. In 17S7 he visited Romo, where, during a residence of seven years, he executed his celebrated designs in outline from Homer, ^scbylu?. and Dante. The three series were engraved for him by Pimli, The designs from the Iliad and Odyssey were made for Mr. Hare Naylor; those from Dante for Mrs. Thomas Hope j and those from .^schylus for the late Countess Spencer. The Homer was pub. in 1793, 4to; again, with addit. plates, ISQo, 2 vols. fol. ; the ^schylus in 1795; again, 1831, fol. ; Dante in 1807, ob. fol.; Hesiod — made after his return to England, 1S17, ob. fol. There have been Italian, French, and German eds., of which we notice e:^pecially the (Euvres de Flaxman, par M. Nitot, Dufresne, Paris, 1823, which contains the Homer, ^s- chylus, and Hesiod, with text. Whilst at Rome, he also executed for the late Earl of Bristol his magnificent group, representing the Fury of Athamas, from Ovid's Metamor- phoses, consisting of four figures larger than life. For this he received a sum insufficent to defray the cost — £600. This group is preserved at Ickworth, the seat of the Earl of Bristol, in Suflfolk. At this period also he produced his '^Gephalus and Aurora," for Mr. Hope. In 1794 he returned to England, and commenced the monu- ment to Lord Mansfield, now in Westminster Abbey, for ■which he had received an order before he left Rome. For this he was paid X2600, Among his other works may be mentioned the monument to Lord Nelson, the figure of Sir Joshua Reynolds, the monument to the family of Sir Francis Baring, in Micheldean Church. Satan and Mi- chael, for Lord Egremont, the monument to Collins, the poet, in Chichester Cathedral, the monument to Miss Cromwell, to Earl Howe, to Warren Hastings, to Lord and Lady Palmerston, and the beautiful design of The Shield of Achillea, {See Homer's Iliad, Book xviii.) for Messrs. RundcU and Bridge. For this last he received £620, and four casts of it were taken in silver gilt, each estimated at £2000. This is one of his greatest productions. "A divine wnrk. unequalled in the comliiiiation of beauty. Vanity, and j;randeur, whith the genius of .Miihael Angelo could not have surpassed." — Snt Thumas Lawrence. In 1831 (ob. fol.) were pub. his eight beautiful composi- tions of The Acts of Mercy, in the manner of ancient sculpture, engraved, in imitation of the original drawings, by F. C. Lewis. His Lectures on Sculpture, as delivered by him at the Royal Academy, illustrated by 52 plates, appeared in 1S29. New ed., with addits,, and an Address on the Death of Flaxman, 1838, Svo. We have already lingered over the memory of this eminent sculptor for a greater length of time than can well be justified in a Dic- tionary of Literature, but cannot conclude without record- ing some tributes from eminent authorities to the merits of one who has beeu denominated by judges of no con- temptible authority — including even Canova himself — the greatest sculptor of modern times. "The greatest of modern sculptors was our illustrious country- man, John Khisauin. He not only had all the fine feeling of the ancient Greekt«, (which Canova in a dejxree possessed.) but united to it a readiness of invention and a simplicity of design truly asto- nishing. Thi)Uj,'h Canova w.is his superior in the manual part, high tinishiijg. jet in the hijiher qualities, poetical feeling, and in- vention. Fla.xman was as superior to Canova as Shakspeare to the dramatists of his day.'' — i^ia Kicuard Westmacott. ** Flaxman was one of the few — the very few — who confer real and pL*rmanent glory on the countrj' to which they belong. Iljs genius was ot that vast and lofty nature which is beyond the reach of ordiuai-y or immediate appreciation, and which grows gradually and imperceptibly on the estimation of mankind. His unequalled compositions from Homer, iEschylus. and Hesiod, have long been the admiration of Europe. Of their simplicity and beauty the pen is quite incapable of conveying an adequate impressi'io. . . . Not even in Itaftaele have the gentler feelings and sorrows of human nature beeu traced with more touching pathos than in the various designs and models of this estimable man." — Sir Thomas LAWitENce. '■Flaxman has translated Dante best, for he has translated it into the universiil language of nature." — Loed Byro\, "The progeny of Flaxman's pencil and chisel were of the highest rank: there is a prodiLiious affluence of imagination in all his sketches and drawings." — Allan Cunningham. As Mr. Cunningham was equally at home in the Fine Arts and in letters, we quote his opinion of Flasman's Lec- tures : '■ These Lectures, as literary compositions, containing a clear and commanding view of sculpture, ancient and modern — almn- dant in just sentiments and wise remarks, and such profc^^i^||l:^l precepts as only experience can supply — merit mnre regard th:in they have as yet received- The account of the Gothic sculpture in England is as rich as a chapter of old romance, and intinitely more interesting. The whole of the Lectures on Beauty and Com- position ought to be familiar to the mind of every student. The order of thi-ir arrangement is natural, and there is good sense and a feeling for all that is noble and heroic scattered over every page." But we have seen that the only one who could complain of Flaxman having the first post assigned to him amoug modern sculptors had consented to the verdict that places him in this proud position. We give his own words : •'You come to Rome, and admire my works, while you possess, in your own country, in Fla.xman. an aifist whose designs excel in classical grace all that I am acquaiuttii with in modern art." — Canova. Fla\mer, Sarah. vSatan Revealed, Ac., with a Tes- timony tliat R. Brothers is a Prophet from the Lord, 4to. Fleckie, Andrew. Answer to Sir F. Burdett's arg. rel. to the power of the H. of Com. to imprison persons not Members, Lon., 1810, Svo. Flecknoe, Richard, an English poet and dramatist, teiiij). Charles II., is better known from Dryden's having borrowed his name as a scourge for the punishment of Shadwell, than for his own productions. Dryden held Fleeknoe in great contempt, which was naturally aug- mented when the latter was named poet-laureate in his stead. Shadwell subsequently held the same office, and hence Dryden ridicules him as the poetical son of Fleeknoe. 1. The Affections of a Pious Soul unto Christ, Lon., 1610, Svo. 2. Miscellanea, or Poems of all Sorts; with divers other pieces, 16o3, 12mo. 3. Diarium, ic, 1656, 12mo. 4. Love's Dominion; a Dramatic Piece, 16ol. Reprinted as Love's Kingdom; a Pastoral Tragi-Com., 1664, 12mo. At the end of Love's Dominion is a Short Treatise on the English Stage — '■ Which I take to be the best thing he has extant." — Lavg- baine's Uraviai. Ihets. 5. Heroic Portraits, Ac., 1660, Svo. 6. Ermina, or The Chast Lady; a Tragi-Com., 1661, 4to. 7. Damoiselles a la Mode, 1667, 4to. 8. Sir Wm. D'Avenant's Voy. to the other World, 1668, Svo. 9. Epigrams and Enigmatical Characters, 1669, '70, '73, '75, Svo. 10. Marriage of Oce- anus and Britannia. 11. A Relation of Ten Years Travel in Europe, Asia, Affrique,' and America, by way of Letters ; with other Historical, Moral, and Political Pieces; sine anno, sed circa 1654. Svo. Malone unites in Dryden's ridicule of Fleeknoe — see his Life of Dryden; but Soiithey thinks more favourably of him — see Southey's Omnia. "His acquaintance with the Nobility was more than with the Muses; and he had a greater propensity to Hjuiiug than a Genius to I'optry. He never could arrive, with all his industry, to get but one play to be acted, [Love's Kingdom ; ' it had the misfortune to be damn'd by the Audience.'] and yet he has printed seveial. . . . But Mr. Fkck-noe was to make the best ofa Bad Market; and since he could not get his Plays acted, he was to endeavour to get them read, by labouring to persuade people that Imaginatiou would supply the defect of Action." — Langbaine's Dramatic I'ofts. ''The last thing that Fleeknoe would think of as the cause of his plays l>eing rejected, was his own want of merit. U is probable he had not the slightest suspicion of such a thing. He seems, indeed, to have been a vain, bu.sy coxcomb, who thought it genteel *mther to affect,' to use his own expression, 'a little ne-tiiienco than too great curiosity' in his writing.s. He attempted toVrite smartly rather than tersely; wittily rather than seriously ; ingeni- ously rather than profoundly. But although he has not the slightest claim to be considered a man of genius, we cannot deny him the praise of fancy and ingenuity; and that he had these two qualities we shall proceed to adduce our proofs."— Xo«. Hetrosvcc. i?fi'.. T. 2f>7, 2HS. 1822. See, in addition to works cited above, Cibber's Lives; Ware's Ireland, by Harris; Ellis's Specimens. Fleet, Charles. Four Serms., Salisb., 1796, Svo. Fleet, Edward. Address & Reply, Lon., 1777. Svo. Fleetwood, Mrs. Let. to Mr. Madan rel. to the rec- tory of Aldwinkle. Lon., 1767, Svo. Fleetwood, Charles, Lord-Deputy of Ireland during the Usurpation. His Petition to the Parliament of Eng., 1659, fol. His Answer. Ac, 4to. Fleetwood, Everard. Inquiry into the Customary Estates, &c. of those who hoM lands of Church and other foundations, &c., 1731, Svo; Dubl., 1748, Svo. Answered by Henry Gaily, D.D., in the same vear. Fleetwood, Johu, D.D. 1. The Christian Prayer Book, Lon., 1772, 12rao. 2. Christian Dictionary, 1773, 4to. 3. Life of Christ, and the Lives of the Apostles, John the Baptist, and the Virgin Mary, Glasg., 1S13, Svo. Fre- quently printed. FLE Fleetwood, Col. William. An Tnliiipry View of the Beluiviour uf my Lord Duke of Buckingham at the Isleof Khee, Loii, 1648. ,t j Fleetwood, William, d. 1603, Recorder of London t.nip. Eli/.iibeth. 1. Oriition, Lon., 1571, 12mo. 2. Anna- lUim tam Regum Edwardii V., &c., 1579, '97. •■ lialher looked on as a taUe or Index to the yeai-book than any historical treatise."— Bis;»y yicrJson's Eng.JIist. LiO. 3. Office of a Justice of the Peace, 16d/, 8vo, Fosth. A. Table on the Reports of Edmund Plowdcn, in French. 5 Latin Verses prefixed to .'^ir Thos. Chaloner s Kepul). Anglorum iustaurauda. 6. Notes upon Lambarde s Arehei- on. He i.s said to have contributed to the last of the old edits, of Holinshed. Fleetwood, William, D.D., 1656-1723, of the same family with Lord-Deputy Charles Fleetwood, was born iri tbe Tower of L.uidon. Ue was educated at Eton and Kings C.dl., Camb., and became Rector of M, Austins, London, and Lecturer of St. Dunstan's in the West; Canon of Windsor, 1702; Bishop of St. Asaph, li06; trans, to Ely 1714 He pub. a number of serms., thcolng. treatises, Ac ' see Bibl Brit. Weston ascribes to him a work not mentioned by Watt, i-h., Curiosities of Nature and Art in Husbandry and Gardening, 1707, 8vo. Uis Essay on Mi- racles, 1701, 8vo, excited some controversy, and elicited treatises by Bishop Hoadly and Gilbert. ,, . „ . ••The two main Principles of this Book— that none but God can worka(™« Miracle, and that it cannot be supposed that a true Miracle was ever wrought in opposition to a doctrine established on true principles-were opposed by Bp. lloadly in a letter to Bp. Fleetwood, Svo 1702; and the reading of the two tracts ooaisioned Mr. Locke writing his Discourse on Miracles.' , . _, Among the best known of Fleetwood s works is (^hroni- oon Preciosum : an Account of Money, Price of C^orn, Wages, Ac, in England, for 60O Years last past, 17U7, Svo; 2d ed., 1745, Svo. . ,,.... "This work contains the best account of prices puWished in Kngland previously to that given by Sir F. M. Eden. — J/ctuKoc/. s Lit. of I'lUt. Emn. , , A collective edit, of his works was pub. in 1737, tot., under the title of A Complete Collection of the Sermons, Tracts, and Pieces of all kinds, that were written by Bishop Fleetwood. He was considered the best preacher of his day. When one of the ladies of the bed-chamber asked the Queen whom she intended to make Bishop of St. Asaph, her Majesty replied : ^ , . i "One «hom you will be pleased with: whom you have lalel> heard preach [he had just officiated as chaplain] : I intend it for llr. Fleetwood." His sermons are recommended by Bishop (..leaver. '• Surnamed silver-tongued:- remarkable foreasy and proper ex- pressions, lie considers several cases, which, though otten occul- ting in human life, are seldom taken n^itice ot in sermons. On this account he mav he consulted with adv.antage. In respect of true politeness he has been equalled by few. His sermons on Rela- tive Duties are good:— but his Four Funeral hermons show the orator muc-h more."— Dr. Uoddrime. Dr Doddridge refers to the serm. on 1. The death ol li. Mary; 2. The Duke of Gloucester; S.K.William; 4. Mr. Noble. Fleming and Tibbins. Royal Dictionary of the French and Eug. Languages, Lon., 1849, 2 vols. 4to, £?, 38. Amer cd Ijy .T. Dobson, Phila., Svo ; another ed., sq. 12nio. ••Incomparably the best dictionary of the two languages ex- tant." — Lfiii. AUtfimnm. Fleming, Abraham, Rector of St. P.ancras, London, ■was known in his day as an industrious translator from the Latin and Greek, and as the author of some minor devo- tional and other pieces, which are now known only to the liter.ary antitiuary. His puldicntions range from 1575 to 1586 He trans, from Virgil, Elian, Cicero, Tully, Iso- crates, Pliny, Synesius, Ac. His Manual of Prayers wiis pub. in 1686, 16mo, and his Verborura Latinorum, Ac, in 15S3, fol. Notices of his pieces will be found in Herbert, Peck, Ritson. Tanner, Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry, Cen- sura Lit., and the Brit. Bibliog. , .,, v "1 must not forget that the same Webb [Wm.] ranks Abraham Flemin". as a translator, after Barnal.ie Orirge. the translator ol Palin"e'nius's Zodiack, not without a compliment to the poetry and leirni'nE of his brother Samuel, whose excellent inventions, he adds had not vet bscn made public."— Wurtoii's Hist. Evg. B«-t. Fleming, Alexander, minister of Neilston, Renfrew- shire, pub. Letters and Answers in 1808 rel. to the intro- duction of an organ— the first attempt since the Reforma- tion—into the Church of Scotland. He also pub. Letters to a Young Friend, 1810. Examination of Resolutions, Ac, 1814. Svo. . ,^^„ Fleming, Caleb, 1698-1779, a Soeininn, in 1752 suc- ceeded Dr. James F.ister, at Pinner's Hnll. He pub. many theolog. treatises, pvincipallv controversial, 1735-78, which are now forgotten. His Survey of the Search alter Souls, by Coward, Clarke, Baxter, Law, Ac, was pub. in 1768, Svo. lUU FLE " His writines might have been more generally acceptable and useful if they had been free from a certain quaintness and ot.scu- ri v of stVle. ^Aiming at origin:dity and strength of expression he often lost perspicuity, and never attained to elegance.- X»r. Kip- jiis's Life of Liirdmr. Fleming, Curtis. Serm., Ac, 1795, Svo. Fleming, Giles. 1. Serm., Lon., 1634. 2. Stemma Sacrum : the Royal Progeny delineated, 1660, Svo. Fleming, James. Irish and Eng. Statutes rel. to his Majesty's Revenues in Ireland, Dubl., 1741, 4to. Fleming, James, Surgeon and Man-midwife. Trea- tise on the Formation of the Human Species, Ac, Lon., 176S, 12mo. , ., . ^ Fleming, John, D.D., Prof, of Nat. Philos. in the Univ. and King's C.dl., Aberdeen. 1. On a Bed of Fossil Shells. Annals of Phil., 1S14. 2. Junction ot the Rivers and the Sea. Trans. Rov. Soc, Bdin., 1817. .3. MoUuso- ous Animals, including Shell Fish, Lon., 1837, p. 8vo. •• Distinguished by a perfect knowledge of the very curious and interesting- sulnect of which it treats, by a severe and searching analysis of the evidence, and a clear and masterly arrangement of *he multifarious details conne,-ted with \V~Glasg. CmMuli^al 4. Hist, of British Animals, 1842, Svo. A work of high authority. Fleming, Malcolm. See Flejiyng. Fleming, Patrick, baptized Christopher, 1599- 1631, an Irish Catholic Franciscan, Lecturer on Divinity at Prague, was murdered by some peasants, when that city was besieged by the Elector of Saxony in 1631. 1. Col- lectanea Sacra, or Lives of Irish and Scotch Saints, with edits by Thos. Sirini, Louvain, 1667, fol. 2. Ahridgt. of Chronicon consecrati Petri Ratisbonas. He supplied \V ard with materials for his Lives of the Irish S.aints. The works of the three alibots, Columban, Aileran, and Cuniean, in the Bibl. Patrum, are avowedly taken from Fleming. Fleming, Peter. Land Surveying, Pt. 1, Glasg., 1815. 4to. . , „ ., Fleming, Robert, 1630-1694, a native of Bathens, Scotland, was educated at the Univ. of Edin., and at that of St. Andrew's, where he studied divinity under Samuel Rutherford. He became minister at Cambuslaug, Clydes- d.ale • ejected, 1662 ; took charge of a Scotch congregation at Rotterdam, where he died in 1694. 1. The Fulfilling of the Scripture, in three Parts, Lon., 1681, 2 vols. 12ino; many eds. ; 5th and best ed., with Author's Lite and a Fu- neral Serm. by Daniel Burgess, 1726, fol. ■• An elaboi ati. view of the operations of Providence in preserving the Church through all the vicissitudes of ecclesiastic:. 1 history. 2. Serm. and Discourses, 1692-1704. 3. The Confirming Work of Religion, 1693, sm. Svo. Fleming, Robert, Jr., d. 1716, son of the preceding, and a native of Scotland, was educated at home, at Ley- deu and at Utrecht. He became minister of the English church at Leyden, subsequently of the Scotch church at Amsterdam, and afterwards of a Scotch church at Loth- burv, London. 1. Poet. Paraphrase on the Song of Solo- mon, with other Poems, Lon., 1691, Svo. 2. Funl. Senu., 1692, Svo. 3. Discourses on several subjects, viz.^The Rise and Fall of Papacy, Ac, 1701, Svo; 1st ed. of greilt rarity. The first Discourse was repub. in 1793, Svo, under the title of Apocalyptical Key. Late eds., entitled The Rise and Fall of Papacy, IS4S, '49, '60. In this celebrated discourse are many predictions which coincide most re- markably with events in the early history of the French Revcdution, at the close of the last century. Fleming in 1701 expressed his belief that the Fifth Vial would be poured out on the Sign of the Beast, beginning in 1794, and more especially in 1S4S, in which he expected that those events would commence which wouhl undenninB Papal authority, and lead to its complete destruction. 'The remarkable conjectures of Fleming rest on sound princi- ples of interpretation."— CTi. of Eng. Quar. Rn •• Perhaps the most remarkable work on Prophecy that has ever appeared." — Lon. llti^c/fman. 4. Discourse on the Death of King William, 1702, Svo. 5. Christology, 1705-08, 3 vols. Svo. Abridged, Edin., 1795, Svo. ^. ^ . V* V „- "The author did not complete his plan, which is mnch to be re- gretted : as he possessed a powerful and very original mind. IVlany ingenious thou._-hts occur in the Christology. and many passages of Scripture are pl;iced in a new light."— Oi-mp'.'i BM. Bib. • Many original remarks and valuable thoughts."— .Bidcersld/i l C. S. „ ,. 6. The First Resurrection, 1708. 7. Discourses, Edin., 1790, ]2nio. 8. Discourse and Serm., 1793, Svo. 9. Spe- culum Davidicum Redivivum. 10. Theocrity; or the Di- vine Right of Nations. 11. The Mirrour of Divine Love; with a Dramatic Poem called the Monarchical Image, or Nebuchadnezzar's Dream. 12. The Hist, of Hereditary Right. Fleming was eminent for piety and learning. FLE FLE Fleming, Samuel. 1. Merits and Demerits of Oppo- BJtion, 1797, Svo. 2. Utility of the Learned Languages, 1807, Svo. Fleming, Rev. Thomas. Agitation of the waters of Loch Tay; Trans. Roy. Soe.. Edin., 1788. Fleming, Rev. \V», d. 1742. Poetical Epistle to the Rev. Eriisiuu^ Head. Fleming, H'm,,D.D. Gazetteer of the 0. andN. Tests., with Niit. Hi^t. of the Cil.le, &c., Edin., 1838, 2 vols. r. Svo. Flemming, Rev, Francis. Kaffraria and its in- habitiiut:?, Lnn., 18j3, p. 8vo. Flemming, orFIemmynge, Robert, d. 14S;j, Dean of Linculu, 1451, nephew of Richard Fiemmiu>^, Bit^hop of Lincoln, wrote a Dictionarum Graeco-Latinuin, Carmina di- versi generis, Epi^tolarum ad diversas, a Latin Poem in praise of Pope Sixtus IV., &c. See Biog. Brit.; Lelandj Bale; Pits. Flemyng, or Fleming, Malcolm, M.D., of Brigg, pub. several professional works, a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit. Flesher, Rev. John,editorofArvine*sCyc. of Moral and Religious Anecdotes, Lon. and Glasg., 1S50, 12mo. See Arvine, T. Flesber, Thomas. The Laws of Honour, or an Ac- count of the Suppression of Duels in France, L^tons wbich Lilly had iutroduced."-flra;.<;'s ShaksjKan and Ins nmts. 1 Florio his first Fruites : which yeelde familiar Speech, mcrie Prouerbes, wittie Sentences, and golden sayings. Also a perfect Introduction to the Italian and English Tongues, Lon., 1578, '91, 4to. 2. Dialogues of- Grammar, Italian and English, 1578. 3. Florios Second Frvtes to be gathered of twelvo trees, and his Garden of Recreation yielding six thousand Italian Proucrbs, 1591, Svo. 4. A Worlde of Wordcs ; or most copious and exact Diclionarie, in Italian and English, 1597, '98, fol. W.arton (Hist, ot Eno- Poet.) says that the first ed. was in 1595. but we pre- fer "the authority of Wood. Augmented, .and piil>- "ud" the title of Queen Anne's New World of Words, Ibll, fol. New ed.. enlarged by Gio. Torriano, 1659, fol. Even the ed. of 1611 . ,, , , "For the variety of words was far more copious than any extant in the world at that lime."— ^IWiCTi. Ojoti. 5. Trans, into Eng. of the Essays of Michael, Lord of Montaigne, 1603, '13, '32, fol. , . , , . "The independence of his [Montaigne's] mind produces great nart of the charm of his writings; it redeems his vanity, without Vhich it could not have been so fully displayed, or, perhaps, so Dowerfully felt. In an age of literary servitude, when every pro- vince into which reflection could wander was occupied by some desnot; when, to s.ay nothing of theology, men found Aristotle, L'lpian. or Hippocrates, at every turning to dict;ite their road, it was gralifviug to fall in company wilh a simple gentlenian who, with much more reading than generally belonged to bis class, had the spirit to ask a reason for every rule.' —i/l s ill. aist. oj "e'^Trans. of A Narration rol. to Nauigation, &c. to Nowe Frauncc; from Kamutius, 1580, 4to. Soo Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. . „ .■ c Ramnsio was the editor of the excellent collection ot Navigation e Viaggi, maps and plates, 3 vols, fob, Venetia, Giunta, 1588-83-56. „.i „„,j-„„i " lUimusio'8 collection of Voyages and Travels, the "lO^ P«rf'-<=' worker that nature in any language whatsoever; containing all 603 FLO the Clscoveries to the Ea.st, West, North and South; with full descriptions of all the countries discovered; judiciously compiled, and ftee from that great mass of useless matter which swells our Kngli-h Hacklnvt and Purchas; much more complete and full than the Latin Ue Bry, and. in fine, the noblest work of this na, Floris, Pet. Williamson. Journal of l"y>yfS« to the Bast Indies. See Purchas's Pilgrimes, p. 319 ; 1625. Flower. Heraldic Visitation of the County Palatine of Durham in 1575, edited by Philipson, Newc, 1820, fol. 100 copies on small and 20 copies on Large paper. "This is the first instance of a heraldic visiUition being made public by means of the press." <• m t A few copies only were printed, at the expense ot IN. J. Philipson. . ikao s. Flower, Benj. French Constitution, i-c.,li9J, '. The following is a specimen of this splendid effort of genius : "I am for peace and not for war, And that's the reason why I write more plain than some men do, That use to daub and lie. But I shall cease, and set my name- To what I here insert; Because to be a libeller. I hate it with my heart. From Sherbon town wh<;re now I dwell, .^ly name do I put hnre Without offence, your real friend, It is Peter Folger." This was pub. in 1675, and reprinted in 1763. It is now- very rare, but the reader will find it in that valuable work, which none ol our readers should be without, E. A. and G. L. Duyckineks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Folger is described as an "Able, godly Englishman, who was employed in teaching the youth in reading, writing, and the principles of religion by cate- chising." — Princess Xiw Enijland. tiee Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.; B. Franklin's Works. FoHot, Gilbert, d. 1188, a monk of Cluny, Abbot of Gloucester, 1139; Bishop of Hereford, 1148; of London, 1163. He wrote Exp'isitio iu Cant. Cantieorum, edidit Patr. Junius. Lon., 163S. 4to, a number of Letters, usly op- posed the Pretender, and was so much chagrined at the ungrateful refusal of government to relmburt-e his expenses thereby incurred, that he fell a victim to a fever produced by excitement of mind. 1. Thoughts on Keligion, Natural and Revealed, Edin., 1735, '43, Svo. Trans, into French by Father Houbigant. "President Forbes w.ts a considerable Hebrew scholar, of the school of Ilutchinsnn, The system of that singular writer appears to greater advantage in this small volume than in any of his own works, or those of his other followers." — Orme's Btbl. Bib. 2. Letter to a Bishop resp. some imp. Discov. in Philos. and Theol., Lon., 1735, 4to. Also trans, into French by Father Houbigant. 3. Reflections on the Sources of In- credulity with regard to Religion, Edin., 1760, 2 vols. 12mo, or 1 vol. 12mo. Posth. "A little jewel. I kuew and venerated the man; one of the greatest that ever Scotland bred, both as a judge, a patriot, and a Christian." — Bishop Warbueton. 4. Works, with a bing. Sketch of the Author by J. Ban- natyne, Esq., Edin., 1816, .Svo. Works, 2 vols. 12mo. See Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Duncan Forbes, Lou., 1748, Svo; the Cullodeu Papers, 1S15, 4to ; Lord Woud- houselee's Life of Karnes; Chambers's Lives of lUust. and Dist. Scotsmen ; J. H. Burton's Lives of Duncan Forbes and Lord Lovat, Lon., 1847, p. Svo j Edin., Lon. Quart., and N. Brit. Reviews. "Ilis natural talents were of the very first order, enlarged by an excellent education, completely disciplined and fully matured by hahits of intense study, and of minute, and at the same time, ex- tensive observation; and they were all employed most honourably and conscientiously in the real business of life." — Lord Wooi>- BOUSELEE. Forbes, Duncan. 1. E. India and Col. Guide. Lon., 1841, 12rao. 2. Hindustani Manual, 1S45, 2d ed., 1848, ISmo. 3. Hindustani Gram., 1846, Svo. 4. Hindu Reader, r. Svo. 5. Persian Gram., r. Svo. fi. Bagh-0-Bahar : Tales in Hindustani, 1846, r. Svo. 7. Diet. Hind.-Eng., Eng.- Hind., 1846, Svo. The most copious diet, of the kind in a portable form. 8. Oriental Penmanship, 1S49, 4to. Forbes, Prof. Edward, 1S15-1854. 1. Hist, of Brit. Star Fishes, Lon,, 1841. demy Svo and r. Svo. This vol. is uniform with the Brit. Quadrupeds and Brit. Rep- tiles, by Prof. Bell, and the Brit. Birds and Brit. Fit-hes, by Mr. Yarrell, '' Discloses a world of wonders round our shores. The illustra- tions, in which fancy is made to enlighten science, are very beauti- ful."'— iJW^is/i Critic. 2. Inaugural Lect. on Botany, 1843, Svo. 3. Synopsis of the Brit. Naked-eyed Pulmograde Medusae. Ray Society, 3d issue, 4th year, 1S47. 4. In conjuuction with S. Han- ley; Hist, of Brit. M<.llusca, 1853. 4 vols. Svo. £6 lOv. r, Svo; plates col'd, £13. 5. Zoology of the Voyngc of H. M. Ship Herald, 3 vols. r. 4to. 6. In conjuetion witb Prof. Huxley ; MoUusca and Radiata of the Voyage of H. M. Ship Herald. Preparing for publication, (1855.) Forbes, Eli, D.D., 1726-1804, minister of Brookfield FOR and of Gloucester, Mass. Ho pub. A Family Book, Serms., Ac, 1761-92, &o. Forbes, F. E, 1. Six Months' Service in the African Blockade, Lon., p. Svo. Five Years in China, 1842^7, 1848, Svo. 3. Dahomey and the Dahomans, 1849-50, 2 vols. p. Svo, 1851. Forbes, Francis. 1. New Husbandry, Lou., 1778, Svo. 2. Improvement of Waste Lands, 1778, Svo. '•The practical part is nothmgy—VtmaUIson's AgricuU. Biog. Forbes, G. H. Prize Essay on the Goodness of God, Edin.. 1849, Svo. Forbes, J. G., of the city of New York. Sketches of Florida, 1821. Forbes, James, 1749-1819, a native of London, con- nected with the civil service of the East India Company. 1. Letters from France in 1803-04, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Kctlections on the Character of the Hindoos, and the importance of converting them to Christianity, 1810, Svo. 3. Oriental Memoirs : a Narrative of Seventeen Years' Re- sidence in India, including Observ. on parts of Africa and S. America, and Journals of Four Indian Voyages. Em- bellished with 95 fine engravings, by Charles Heath, Storer, Greig, Angus, and Wageman, Lon., 1813-15, 4 vols. 4to. Pub. at £16 16s. Some copies have 27 addit. Plates, by Thomas and Wm. Dauiell, also sold separately [at about £2 2«.] to complete former copies. The Plates of Nat. Hist, are beautifully col'd. See a list of the 122 engravings in II. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat., 1841. This splendid work, with the addit. 27 plates, can now be pro- cured for about eight guineas. For an extended descrip- tion of it we must refer the reader to the London Quart. Rev., xii. 180-227. Mr. Forbes compiled this work from his original materials of 150 folio vols., containing 52,000 pages of MS. letters and drawings. ■* The volumes weie published at his own cost, and a work more splendid or moie complete iu its decorations we have seldom seen." — Lnn. Qitar. Rev. "The drawings and collections of Mr. Forbes seem almost to ex- ceed the powers of human industry and perseverance, and this literary mf>numeut to his name may fairly be considered the es- sence of his extraordinary researches. The whole work is very entertaining as well as instructive." — Lon. Lit. Gaz. "Of all the works which have been published on India, this, perhaps, is the most sterlingly valuable." — Lon. Atlas. "It is to be regretted that this very splendid and expensive work was not published iu a cheaper form, as it abounds in most striking pictures of the manners, customs, &c. of India.' — Steven- sort's Voyages arid Travels. Since the above was written, Mr. Forbes's daughter, the Countess do Montalemberi, has pub. {in 1834) an abridgt. of the Oriental Memoirs, in 2 vols. Svo, with a 4to Atlas of 85 Plates, of which 24 — those of Nat. Hist. — are beautifully col'd. Such copies were pub. at £5 15«. 6rf., and can now be had for about £2 lbs. j or the Atlas alone for £1 15s. Forbes, James D., Prof, of Nat. Philos. in the Univ. of Edin. 1. Travels through the Alps of Savoy, Lon., 1S43, imp. Svo; 2d ed., 1845. *' This work contains ample and exact details in topography. . . . It abounds with daring and hazardous adventures, contains no- tices of occasional catastrophes that have beCillen less fortunate explorers, presents interesting discoveries with new deductions, and is clothed in a stylo and diction entirely iu keeping with the beauty and grandeur of the subject. . . . We have perused the work with intense pleasure and large instruction." — Silliman's American Journal of ."Science and Arts. " Ks ist uustreitig eines der gediegensten Werke die seit langerer Zeit Uber die Alpen erschienen sind. . . . Zugleich ist die Dai^ stelluu^ so geschmackvoll, und die theoretischen und abstrakteren Untersucbungeu sind sogeschicktvei-flochten mitbistorischeu und beschreibenden Sttlcken, dasz man das Ruch mit immer Steigen- deu Interesse zu Ende liest." — Le-onhard's Jahrbuch. ''This elaborate aud beautifully-illustrated work."— §tfari€r;y Review. . . . '-Pregnant with \nt&vc^i'''—E'iivburgh Reviexo. 2. Norway and its Glaciers visited in 1S5I, Edin., 1853, r. Svo. Forbes, James Grant, Sketches, Hist. and Topog., of the Floridas, N. York, 1821, Svo. '•A wretched compilation from old works." — N. Avicr. Jiev., xxvi. 4S2. "Contains much valuable information." — Hh, xiil. 98. Forbes, John, 1570 ?-1 634. originally a minister of the Ch. of S<'utl:ind, became minister at Middleburg, in Holland, about 1011. 1. A Treatise tending to clear the Doctrine of Justification. Middle., 161fi, 4to ; 1(536. 2. Cer- taine Records touching the Estate of the Kirk in the Years 1605 and 1606, pub. with Wm. Scot's Ap(;logetical Narra- tion rcl. to Kirk of Scotland, Edin., 1846, Svo. F'orbes, John, of Corse, 1593-1648, second son of Bishop Patrick Forbes, was educated at King's Coll., Aberdeen, and in Germany; Prof, of Divinity aud Eccles. Hist., King's Coll.^ Aberdeen, 1619: ejected for refusing FOR FOR to sign the Covenant, 1640. He rcsi'lcd for two years in HoUani], and is sometimes confounded with John Forbes, anfe. His Irenicum pro Ecclesia Seotiana, Aberd., 1629, 4to, written to compose the religious dissensions of Scot- land, and the Institutioues Historico-Theologicao, Anist., 164S, fol., have been greatly admired. A collective edit. of his works was pub. by Prof. Gurtler, of Deventer, and George Garden, of Aberdeen, in 170;i, 2 vols. ful. Opera Omnia, inter quaa phirima Posthuma cum Vita Auetoris, Amst. *'The most valuable book of the kind that any student can pos- sibly make use of. lie will tbere see a complete history of all the controversies that have distr.iftfd the Church of Christ, deduced through every age, with tht-ir minutest branches and subdivisions. The proper authorities are always set down, so that nothing needs to be taken on trust." — Wutton. "Forbes was an e.tL'flkmt man, a profound scholar, aud masterly writer." — Dr. Williams's C. P. "Much learnin<; and pli-ly in his ^ovks."— Bicker sir th's C. S. Forbes, Johu, of Delft. Serm., Delft, 1642, 12mo. Forbes, John. Cure of the Afflicted. Lon., 1643, 12mo. Forbes, Johii* Songs and Fancies to several Musi- cal Parts, with a Iirief Introduc. to Musick. Aberd., 1682, 4to. 2. Mariner's Everlasting Almanack, 1685. Forbes, Jobii. Epigrammata, Lou., 1739, 4to. Forbes, John, D.D., minister of St. Paul's Church, Glasgow. Theory of the Differential and Integral Calcu- lus, Lon., 183S, Svo. "Out! of those brilliant beacons which will long illuminate the path of science." — Scottish Giiardi'Tii. Forbes, John, LL.D., of Donaldson's Hospital, Edin- burgh. Symmetrical Structure of Scripture, Edin., Svo. "l)r. Forbes is a profound and accurate scholar; he has brought much leaiuing, both oiiental and occidental, to bear on this vo- lume." — Bihliotheca Sacra. "A most valuable commentary on the passages adduced, as well as the key to the further comprehension of the sacred writings in general." — Oh. of Eng. Qttar. Rev. Forbes, Sir John, M.D., D.C.L,, Physician to her Majesty's Household, editor of the Brit, and For. Med. Rev., one of the editors of the Cye. of Practical Medicine, (see DuNGLisoN, Robi.ev, M.D., No. 8.) Ac. 1. Obscrvs. on the Climate of Penzance, (fcc, Loii., 1S2S. 2. A Manual of Select Medical Biblingraphy, Lou., 1835, r. Svo. This otherwise excellent work has one capital defect, — the want of an Index Nominum. We marvel at so great an over- sight. 3. lUust. of Modern Mesmerism, Lon., 1846, Svo. 4. Treatise on Diseases of the Chest, 8vo. 5. Genl. Index to the Brit, and For. Med. Eev., 1849, Svo. 0. A Phy- sician's Holiday; or, A Month in Switzerland during the Year 1848 j 1849, p. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1852. "Those who contemjilate a thorough or a partial tour through Switzerland will find A Physician's Holiday very useful." — Lon. Sj»'ctator. 7. Memoranda made in Ireland, 1852; 1852. 8. Sight- Seeing in Germany, Ac, 1855, p. Svo; 1856. 9. Nature and Art in the Cure of Disease, 1857. cr. Svo; 2d ed., 1858. Forbes, John, M.D. Physiological Effects of Alco- holic Drinks, Bost. 2. Water-Curo ; or, Hydropathy, Phila. 3. Homrenpathy, Allopathy, and Physic, 1846, 12mo. Forbes, John II., and John Jardine. Decisions in Ct. of Se^s.. Nov., 18111-July, 1S07. Edin., fol. Forbes, 3Iajor John. Eleven Years in Ceylon; Field Sports; Nat. Hist.; Antiq., Lon., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. Forbes, Leslie. Speech in H. of Com., 1817. Forbes, Murray. Gravel and Gout, Lon., 1793, Svo. Forbes, Patrick, 1564-1635, Lord of Corse and Ba- ron of O'Neil. a native of Aberdeenshire, educated at Aber- deen and St. Andrews, Chancellor of the Univ. of Aberdeen, was made Bishop of Aberdeen in 1618. His Lordship pub. some serms., 1635, 4to, and two theulug. treatises, 1614, '27, but is best known by his Commcntarie upon the Revela- tion of St. John, Middleb., 1614, 4to. A trans., by his eon, John Forbes, {see ante,) was pub. at Amst. in 1616, 4to. This includes his two theolug. treatises noticed above. "The Commentary is bi-ief, but discovers some le-irning and at- tention to the meaning of the Apocalypse. The author was one of the most respectable of the Scottish divines who embraced Epis- copacy." — Ornie's Bihl. Bib. In 1635, 4to, was pub. Funerals of Patrick Forbes, of Corse, Bishop of Aberdeene, consisting of serms.. onitions, epitaphs, and other pieces on the death of the good Bishop. This was reprinted by Charles Farquhar Shand, Esq., Ad- vocate, Edin., 1845, Svo, for the Spottiswoode Society. "Few such literary monuments have been raised to the memory of distinguished individuals as the Funei-als of Bp. Patrick Forbes." Vide. Preface. Forbes, Patrick, M.D. Full View of the Pub. Transac. in the Ileigu of Q. Elizabeth, Lon., 1740, '41, 2 vols. fol. Forbes, Patrick, D.D. Principles of Interpretation 612 of the 0. Test., trans, from the Institutio Interpretis Ve- teris Testament! of J. H. Pareau, Edin., 1835-38, 2 vols. 12mo. This work also forms vols, xxi., xsiv., of the Edin. Cabinet Library. "It is a very useful compendium of the principles of sacred her- men>-utics applied to the Old Testament. The translation is fiiith- ful and accurate." — Home's Bihl. Bib. Forbes, Robert. CoUec. of Scot. Poems, with a Col- lec. of Scot. Proverbs, by Rev. David Ferguson. 1777, 1 2mo. Forbes, William, 1585-1634, a native of Aberdeen, and educated in that city and abroad, became Principal of Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, and Rector of the Univ. He was the first Bishop of Edinburgh, but died in three months after his consecration. After his death was pub. his Con- siderationes raodestae et pacifica; Controversarium, de Jus- tificatione, Purgatorio, Invocatione Sanctorum et Christo Meditatore, Eucharistia, Lon., 1658, Svo. This was edited by Dr. Thomas Gale. It is in course of republication, 4th ed., in the Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., voh i., 1850, Svo; vol. ii., we presume, may be expected shortly. Forbes, William, Prof, of Law, Glasgow. 1. Bills of Exchange. Edin., 1703, '18, 12mo. 2. Church Lands and Tithes, 1705, 12mo. 3. Remarks on James Gordon's Observ. on No. 2, 1706, 12mo. 4. Justices of Peace in Scot., 1707, 12mo. 5. Law of Election, M. P., for Scot, 1740, Svu. 6. Jour, of the Session, 1714, 12mo. 7. Insti- tutes of the Law of Scot., 1722-30, 2 vols. Svo. Forbes, Sir William, 1739-1806, a native of Pit- sligo, in conjunction with Sir James Hunter Blair, founded the first banking establishment in Edinburgh. Account of the Life and Writings of James Beattie, LL.D., inclu- ding many of hig original Letters, Edin., 1806, 2 vols. 4to; 1807, 3 vols. Svo J 1824, 2 vols. Svo. See Beattie, James, LL.D. " For what Sir William Forbes has written in these volumes, we can e.isily fortjive him ; but he cannot escape censure for much of what he has pu)ilislied. . . . Protestinf;, as we have always done, against thu multiplication of needless quartos and the publication of oiijinary epistles, we cannot avoid saying that his book is a great ileal longer, and a great deal duller, than we are bound to toll-rate," — Lord .Ieffret: Edin. Rev., x. 172. Forby, Rev. Ilobert, Rector of Fincham, Norfolk. 1. Lett, to Bp. of Norwich rel. to Bible Society and Miss'y Society, 1815, Svo. 2. Vocabulary of Norfolk and Suffolk, by Turner, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo. Force, Peter, President of the National Institute at Washington. D.C. His library of works relating to America is perhaps the largest ever collected in the U.S. 1. The National Calendar, and Annals of the U. States for 1833, Washington, 1833, 12mo, pp. 336 : continued for a few years. 2. Tracts and other Papers relating principally to the Origin, Settlement, and Progress of the Colonies in N. America from the Discovery of the Country to 1776, 1836- 47, 4 vols. r. Svo. " With these slight abatements, [see article.] we regard the vo- lume before us as a very valuable contribution to the materials of our early history, and as highly creditable to the capacity and dili- gence of the editor. . . . We intended, had the limits of this. irticle permitted, to give some account of another worii projected by Mr. Force, in connection with Matthew St. Clair Clarke, under a con- tract with tlie Government of the United States, to be entitled "The Documentary History of the Revolution ;' a work, the plan of which is gigantic, and the execution of which would be a t-ask truly Herculean. The plan contemplates the pulilishing of every document relating to the history of the United States, whether printnl or manuscript, fioni the origin of the colonies down to the adnptinn nf the Federal Constitution. The work will occupy at Ifast twenty-live vol unii's, and the cost nf fifteen hundred copies la fstimated at tour hundred and eight Ihousaud dollars. We hope that the work, in some modified form, will go on; although we very much fear that this large historical drag-net will sweep up some rubbish, as well as much valuable material. Should the first volume ever appear, we shall take an opportunity to go more at large into the subject." — J. G. Palfrey ; N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 274- 27 R. 3. American Archives : Documentary History of the American Revolution; 4th Series. 6 vols., Washington, 1837-46; 5th Series, 3 vols., 1848-53,— in all, 9 vols. fol. Owing to a misunderstanding in regard to the law author izing the publication of this most valuable work, it was discontinued while Mr. Marcy was Sec. of State of tbo U.S. See Clarke, Matthew St. Claiii. and N. Amcr. Rev., xlvi. 475. 4. Record of Auroral Phenomena Ob- served in the Higher Northern Latitudes; Smithsonian Ciintrib., Washington, 1856, 4to. His contributions on the subject of Arctic Discovery were considered as au- thority by Dr. Kane. Ford," Dliss, 1. Letter. 2. Music Glasses, 1761, '62. Ford, Anthony. See Foonn. Ford, David. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1794, Svo. I'^ord, David Everard. 1. Hud. of Music, Lon. 2. Orig. Psalm and Hymn Tunes, 1833. 3. Chorazin, 1841, FOR FOR 18mo. 4. Damascus, 1842, 18mo. 5. Decapolisj new ed., 1843, ISmo. " A work which has been read by all classes of the community, and has Itc.-n emineutly bles,secl by God to the revival of pure and miiiefiled rt-lijiiuD in various parts of the country." — Lon. Congreg. Mar/., Aiiij. 1S41. G. Pastoral Addresses, 1843, 32mo. 7. Laodicea, 1844, 18mo. 8. Alarm in Ziou, 1848, ISmo. 9. Congreg. Psal- mody, 18-iy, ob, " We congratulate the author on the growinp acceptance of his works; thousand folluwing thousand in rapid succession. This fact we regard as a token for good. They are fitted, by the blessing of God, to confer lasting benefits on ihe church and the world.'' — Lon. Ecmvali&t, Oct. Iti42. Ford, Sir Edward, a son of Sir John Ford, Susses, was educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf. 1. A Det^ii^ne for bring- ing a River to St. (iyles, Lon., 1641, 1720. 4tn. 2. Exper. Proposals how the King may have money, Ac, 1GG6, 4tu. 3. Befence of Bill Credit. Printed at end of No. 2. In Chal- mers's Diet., and also in Ruse's Diet., we find this author called Sir John Ford. "He was a great virtuoso of his time, yet none of the Royal society, and nught have done greater matters, if that he had not been discouniged for these things he had done before."— -flf/i^n. Oxon., q. V. i'ord, or Foord, Edward. 1. Wine and Women, Lon., 1647, 12mo. 2. An Alarm of Trumpets, 1651, 12mo. 3. Fair Play in the Lottery ; or Mirth fur Money, ] 660. 12mo. Ford, Edward, surgeon. Diseases of the Hip Joint, (fee, Lon., 1794, 8vu; 2d ed., by T. Copeland, 18H). 8vo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778 ; to Med. Tracts, 1791, '94. Ford, Georsje- Serms.. 1796, 1803. Ford, J. Grig. Righteousness, Ac, 1675, Svo. Ford, James, late of Oriel Coll., Prob. of Exeter. The Gospel uf St. Matthew illustrated from ancient and modern authors, Lon., 1848, 8vo ; of St. Mark, do., 1S49; of St. Luke, do., 1851 ; of St. John, do., 1852. Notice of the work on St. Matthew: "In examining this work wo have been struck with its adapta- tion to the wants of preachers. The tone of the Preface is excellent, and inspires confidence in the principles of the writer; his selec- tions are very good." — English }iet\, Sept. 1848. Notice of the work on St. Mark : '■The true value of this work is in suggesting, in fact, supply- ing. Sermon thoughts." — Lon. Chris. Kememb., April, 1849. Notice of the work on St. Luke: " The brevity, depth, and varit'fy of the extracts form the most peculiar and valual>le features of the work, and give it a great practiial superiority over most other commentaries, both for the Clergy and Laity." — English Churchman, May 22, 1851. Ford, John, an eminent dramatic poet, was born at Islington, Devonshire, in 1586. Of the time of his death much has been conjectured, hut nothing is known. Where he was educated does not appear, but wo know that in 1602 he became a member of the Middle Temple, and, unlike most authors, and especially dramatic authors, persevered in his arduous profession. What particular branch of the law he pursued wo are unaVile at this late day to detormine. As early as his 18th year he pub. a poem entitled Fame's Memorial, a tribute to the memory of Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy and Earl of Devon- shire. There was little in this effusion to indicate future eminence in the walks of poetry; but the publication uf his verses was suflBeient to give him that taste for authorship which almost infallibly follows upon seeing " one's name in print :" ''Fame's Memorial is worth reading as a warning to all those figure-casters who prognosticate the success or failure of authors from ihtf\r J II icnilia. Had any Beer predicted that (be makerof all that stuff was to deserve a lofty seat among England's dramatists, he wiiuld have been as heartily laughed at as he who should have firet^ild to Trajan that a Christian priest would one day fulmi- nate from the Seven Uills more dreaded edicts than bis own." — Hartley Coleridge. Some time after this ho had the honour of assisting Webster in A Late Murthcr of the Sonne upon the Mother, a play which appears to be lost. He also joined with Decker in the Fairy Knight and The Brisiowe Merchant, neither of which are extant. We also lack three of Ford's plays, entered on the Stationers' Books in 1660, (see Nos. 12, 13, 14.) of which An 111 Beginning has a Good End, a C(mie»ly. was played at the Cockpit in 1613. The follow- ing is a list of his own plays, and those in the composition of which he had a share : 1. The Lover's Melancholy. T. C. Acted at the Black- friars and the Globe, Nov. 24. 162S. Printed, 1629. 2. 'Tis Pity She's a Whore. T. Acted at the Pha-nix. Printed. 1633. 3. The Witch of Edmonton. T. By Kuwley, Decker, Ford, &c. Acted at the Cockpit and at Court; probably soon after 1622. Printed, 1658. 4. The Sun's Darling. M. By Ford and Decker. Actwer over tears; we sympathize even with his vicious charac- ters, with Giovanni, and Annabella, and Uianca. Love, and love in guilt or sorrow, is almost exclusively the emotion he portrays; no heroic piisaion, no sober dignity, will be found in his tragedies. But he conducts his story well and without confusion ; his scenes are often highly wrought and effective; his characters, with no striking novelty, are well supported; he is seldom extravagant or regardless of probability. . . . Of comic ability this writer does not display one particle. Nothing can be meaner than those portions of his dramas which, in compliance with the prescribed rules of that age, he devotes to the dialogues of servants and buffoons." — Dallam: Introduc. to the Lit. of Europe. The critics of a former age thought they discovered much of the manner of the greatest of English poets in the lines of the author of Love's Sacrifice, and The Broken Heart, 6U ^'■^-=^' FOR and the latter, as we have already seen, has often been named in rivalship with Rare Ben. We subjoin a verse in which the two are introduced with no contemptible skill: "'Tis said, from Phakspeare's mine your play you drew, What ueed— when Shakspeare still survives in you? But grant it were from his vast treasure reft. That plund'rer Ben ne'er made so rich a theft." Thomas May. Forti, Sir John. Sec Ford, Sir Edward. Fortl, John, Mayor of Bath. Manner of celebrating his Majesty's Coronation at Bath, April 25, 1661, Lon., 1661, fol. Reprinted in vol. vii. uf the Somers Collection. Ford, John. Serm., 1735, 8vo. Ford, John, M.D. 3 Letters on Med. Subjects, 1803. Ford, Unnulph. Serms., Ac., 1711-20. Ford, Richard, and others. Pet. to Pari., 1654, fol. Ford, Kii'hard, Works on Inoculation, 1791. Ford, Richard, 1796-1858, a native of London. Handbook for Spain, Lon.. 1845, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1847, 1 vol. ; new ed., partially rewritten, 1855. " Lockhart nodded approbation ; George Borrow praised it in his fine emphatic language; Lord Stanhope confirmed the decisiona of Lockhart and Borrow; while across the Atlantic, men to be listened to— Washington Irving, Prescott, and Tick nor— extended its praises to the farthest civilized confines of the New World." — X&n. Tllust. yews. Commended by Lon. Quar. Rev., &c. 2. Gatherings from Spain ; being extracts from No. 1, with addits., 1846, 2 Pts., 12ino, or 1 vol. p. 8vo. " Although the original design of this work was merely to pre- sent in a more readable type, and in a form suited to the library, a series of entertjuning extracts from the Hand-Book of Spain, the author has nearly rewritten the whole in a more popular style, and has introduced a vast quantity of new matter."~/Vc/ace. '■Mr. Ford has shown himself an adept in the ai-t of literary rCchauffaf/e. His masterly and learned Hand-Book of Spain having been found, by some who love to run and read, too small in type, too grave in substance, he has skimmed its cream, thrown in many well-flavoured and agreeable condiments, and presented the result in one compact and delightful voliiuie. equally adapted to amuse byau Knglish fireside or to be useful on the Spanish highway."— BlackwooiVs Mag. "The best English book, beyond comparison, that has ever ap- peared for the illustration, not merely of the genera! topography and local curiosities, but of the national character and manners of Spain." — Lon. Quar. Rev. Washington Irving also commends it as the best modern popular account of Spain. 3. Tauromachia: the Bull Fights of Spain; 26 superb drawings by Lake Price, with descriptions by R. Ford, 1852, imp. f^'I. Pub. at £4 4«. A splendid work. Ford, Simon, 1619-16;tv». a divine and Latin poet of great reputation, a native of Ea.st Ogwell, Devonshire, was educated at Magdalen Hall. Oxf. ; Vicar of St. Laurence, Reading, 1651; of All-Saints, Northampton, 1659 ; and of Old Swintord, Worcestershire, 1685. He was one of the translators of Plutarch's Morals, pub. 1684, and pub. a number of serms., Latin poems, Ac, 1646-96, a list of which will be found in Athen. Oxon. Ford, Stephen. Evil Tongue, 1672, Svo. Discourse, 1675, Svo. Ford, T. Acct. rel. to Lord Kilmarnock, Ac, 1746. Ford, Thomas. Musicke of Sundrie Kindes, Lon., 1607. ful. F'ord, Thomas, 1. The Times Anatomized in severall characters, Lon., 1647, 12mo. Sometimes erroneously at- tributed to Thomas Fuller, the hi:^torian. 2. Ludus For- tune, 1649. 12mo. 3. Panegyric on Clias. I., Ac, 1660, '61, Svo. 4. Foeuestra in Pet-tore, 1660, Svo. 5. Love's Labyrinth, Ac. ; a Tragi-Comedy, 1660, Svo. 6. A Theatre of AVits. 1660, Svo. Ford, Thomas, LL.D. Serms., 1775, '83. Ford, Thomas, LL.D. Serm., ISll. Svo. Ford, Thomas, late Gov. of Illinois. A Hist, of Illinois from its commencement as a State in 181S to 1847, Chicago, 1S54, 12mo. " This is an excellent, common-sense, honest history of one of our most flourishing States, by one who took an active part in its poli- tical struggles from its first organization," — Amcr. Index, Aug. 1855. Ford, W. A Catalogue comprising the Historical and Poetical Classics, Ae., Part 1. Ford, \Vm., or Forde. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1616, 4to. Ford, Wm. Serms., 1733, '35, '57, '53. Ford, Will, Serms., Ac, 1762, '69, 76, '81. Fordiiu, John De, an ancient Scottish historian, a priest in the Church of Fordun, 1377. Of the particulars of his life but little is certainly known. From his work much of the early history of Scotland is derived. Scotichronicon genuinum, una cum ejusdem Supple- mento ac Continuationo, Oxonii, 1722, 5 vols. Svo. This is Hoarne's edit. Another edit, was pub, at Edin., 1759, 2 vols, fol., and 1775, 2 vols, fol., viz.: Scotichronicon, FOR FOR cum Sup. et Continuatione Walteri Bowori. Cura. Walteri Goodall. (See Goodal, "Walteu.} MS. copies of For- dun's history are in mauy public libraries. " Ue begins the third f book] with the if iiru of Fergus the second, and tbence continues the succession witb better coutidence tban he has done in the foregoing reigns, wherein he is vastly outdone by Boetbius and lato historians." — Bishop Nicolson's i^ot Hist. Lib., q. V. '•The Uarned and judicious Mr. C;inib«'! Ihi-reare very Material' I>il]firii Pts., Calcutta, 1799-1802, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Essay on the Principles of Sanskrit (Jramniar. Pt. 1, ISOl, r. 4to. Forster, John. England's happiness increased by a Plantation of Potatoes, Lon., 1664, 4to. Forster, John, of Beercrocomhe. .Serm., 174G, 4to. Forster, John, of Elton. Serms., 1756, '57, '64. Forster, John. Observ. on our Saviour's Discourse with the Pharisee Lawyer; anon., Lon., «. a., 12mo. Forster, John, Her Majesty's Chaplain of the Savoy. 1. The Churchman's Guide; a Copious Index of Serms. and other Works, by eminent Church of Eng. Divines, digested and arranged, according to their subjects, and brought down to the present day, Lon., 1840, Svo. " I would have young clergymen make very great use of the works of able Divines ; not inconsiderately and servilely transcribe them,— but moditj-, digest, contract, amplify, vary, adapt them to the purpose, — improve, if possible, what they may find in them : for then it will fairly become their own, and mix naturally with what jiroceeds altogether from themselves."— SECKElt, 2. The Gospel Narrative, 3d ed., 1847, r. Svo. " I think the work will be very acceptable to serious readers, by pointing out the solution of doubts and objections, and setting the language and actions of our blessed Lord in their true light." — T/ie Late Ardihhhap of Paiiterhurt/. "I think it likely to be extensively and profitably used." — Arcltbishop n/ York. "I know no Harmony which m.ay be consulted with so much advantage." — Bishop of Winc/irsler. Also commended by the present Archbp. of Canterbury, the Archbp. of Armagh, and the Bps. of Exeter, Lichfield, Lincoln, Winton, Lhindaff, and Worcester. Forster, John, of the Inner Temple, b. 1812, at New- castle, England, occupies an eminent position as a jour- nalist and author. He has for twenty-four years written for tho London Examiner, for the last twelve of which he has had tho sole charge of the editorial department (See FosBL.iNQUE, Alb.inv.) Ho has contributed to the Edinburgh Review, the Foreign Quarterly Review, (of which he was for four years the editor.) and other publica- tions. After Charles Dickens left tho Daily News, Mr. Forster acted as editor for a short season. Mr. F. is best known to the public by his two popular works entitled, 1. The Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England, Lon., 1840, 7 vols. fp. Svo. New ed., 1854, 2 vols, demy Svo. Also pub. in Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopasdia, vols, ii., iii., iv., v., and vi. Amer. od., N. York, 1847, Svo, edited by Rev. J. 0. Choulcs. " This chain of biographies may be considered as constituting a complete narrative of the most extraordinary and eventful period in the history of England. We regard them as additions ot the very highest value to what we may term our political literature." — Lon. Morn. Citron. 2. The Life and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith, 1848, Svo. New ed.,— The Life and Times of Oliver Gold- smith,— 1S54, 2 vols. Svo. Abridged ed., 1855, cr. Svo. It is well known that the publication of this work was the occasion of a controversy with Mr. Prior rela- tive to the use made by »Ir. Forster of his materials. See Lon. Athenseum, June 16 and 17, 184S. Without FOR FOR entering into nny detailed discussion of the matter, for whieii we have neither space nor inclination, we may be excused for the expression of the opinion that Mr. Prior greatly ma,gniticd his grievances, if indeed any existed, of which we are by no moans persuade*!. Perhaps Mf, Forster should have been rather more liberal in acknow- ledgments; but Mr. Prior 's claim to a permanent mono- poly of facts, by whomsoever discovered, which have be- come items of current knowledge, is surely unten.able. Mr. Forster's biography has been greatly and deservedly admired : we have space for a few lines only of quotations, and must refer the inquisitive reader to the Dublin Univ. Mag., Sharpo's Mag., and the N. Amer. llov. Our quota- tions shall be of passages in which the three prominent biographers of Goldsmith — Prior, Forster, and Irving — are all introduced. " Mr. Forster's spirited .ind eloquent sketch, though deformed by certain mannerisms, or rather Carlylisms. which we would rather have seen avoided, is, unquestionably, a valuable addition to our standard litL-raiy biography ; whilst to the ■ voluminous and in- defatigable" .Mr. Prior belongs the undisputed honour of having colletded and preserved, from tradition and other sources, nearly all the particulars of Goldsmith's life, which could by possibility t« discovered. We do not wish to disparage the patient research and euthusi;istic labours of Mr. Prior, when we speak of Mr. Fors- ter's work as readable, valuable, and entertaining; for the diligent compiler and the skilful adapter are in our opinion equally en- titled to their meed of approbation. Nor will we quarrel with the work of Washington Irving, because it contains no startling fact that is not to be found in the two preceding biographies." — F. Lawren'ce: Sliarj>^^s ton. Mag, " Mr. Prior was a laborious collector of tacts, who, bv dint of pa- tient research, and nothing else, made a book as little attractive as a Life of Ooldsmith could be. Mr. Foister drew from the distatf thus carefully stored with raw material a smooth thread, around which he allowed all the characteristic circumstances and associa- tions of the time to crystallize, forming a mass at once solid and transparent, but not without, now and then, a little superfluous glitter. Mr. Irving, selecting at will from the whole, has, with his usual taste, presented us with ■ gems in order, fitly set,' from whose shifting and delicate hues Hashes forth a portrait, possessing the accuracy without the hardness of the daguerreotype, though not, like that, made of sunshine." — iV. Amer. Rev.. Ixx. 266. Any writer might well feel proud of the commendation of Washington Irving, and wo therefore, in justice to Mr. Forster, quote a graceful compliment paid to the latter in the Preface to Irving's Life of Goldsmith. Mr. Irving's original biographical sketch was published some years be- fore the appearance of Forster's biography. This sketch the author was induced to enlarge that it" might take its proper place in the revised series of his works, issued by Messrs. George P. Putnam & Co. of New York. The re- ference to Mr. Forster's biography alluded to is as follows : "When I was about of late to revise my biographical sketch, preparatory to publication, a volume was put into my hands, re- cently given to the public by Jlr. .Tohn Forster, of the "inner Tem- ple, who, likewise availing himself of the labours of the indefati- g.able Prior, .and of a few new lights since evolved, has produced a biography of the poet, executed with a spirit, a feeling, a grace, and an elegance, that leave nothing to be desired. Indeed it would have been presumption in me to undertake the subject after it had been thus felicitously treated, did I not stand committed by my previous sketch." Mr. Forster has increased the obligations of the public by the publication of his Lives of Daniel Do Foe and Charles Churchill. Reprinted, with Additions, from the Edin. Rev., and forming Pts. 76 and 77, or vol. xxxviii., of Longman & Co.'s Travellers' Library. In these bio- graphies Mr. Forster has pursued the same plan which renders his Life of Goldsmith so v.aluable a picture of the men and manners of the day : ho surrounds us with the shades of the departed great, the contemporaries of De Foe and Churchill, whose influence pervaded all the rami- fications of political and social life. Mr. Forster pub. in 1858 Historical and Biographical Esisays, 2 vols. ; com- posed of articles originally contributed to "quarterly reviews, and of new matter. Commended in Lon. Athcn., 1858, 020 Forster, Joseph. The Origin of Evil, the Fou'nda-' tion of Morality, and the Imniaterialitv of the Soul, 1734, Svo Forster, Nathaniel, 1717-1757, a divine of gre.at learning, was a native of Stadscombe, Devonshire, and educated at Eton, and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., of which he bccamo Fellow, 1729; Rector of Hethe, Oxfordshire, 1749; Preb. of Bristol and Vicar of Rochdale, 1754; Preacher at the Rolls, 1757. 1. Antiq. of Govt., Arts, and Sciences, in Egypt, Oxf., 174,',, 8vo. 2. Platonis Dialog! quinque, 1745, '52, '65. First ed. the best. 3. Account supposed to have been given of Jesus Christ by Josephus, Oxf., 174'.l, Svo. Highly commended by Warburton and Bryant. 4. Eiblia Hcbraica, sine punctis, Oxon., 1750, 2 vols. 4to. 5. Remarks on Stibbing's Diss, on Marria^-e of Minors, 1755. 6. Serms., 1746-67. ° " I have often wished for a hand capable of collecting all the tV.agments remaining of Porphyry, Celsus, Ilierocles, and .Julian, and giving them to us with a just, critical, and theological com- ment, as a Defy to Infidelity. . . . This would be a very noble work. I know of none that has all the talents fit for it but your- self . . . Think of it; you cannot do a more useful thing to reli- gion or your own chanacter." — Bishop Warburton'g Letter to Dr. Forster. Would that the hint had been carried out ! The work would have been curious and interesting; though, as re- gards Evidences of Christianity, he who can withst;ind tho evidences within, around, and before him, written and un- written, is surely beyond all human suasion. Forster, Nathaniel, Rector of All-Saints, Colchester. 1. Serms., 1767, '70. 2. An Inquiry into the Causes of the Present High Price of Provisions, in two Parts, Lon., 1767, 8vo. "This is pei'haps the ablest of the many treatises published about this period, on the rise of prices. It contains, indeed, not a few principles and conclusions that are quite untenable. But the comprehensiveness of the author's views, and the liberal and philosophical spirit by which the wor-k is pervaded, make it both valuable and intei-esting. ... It affords ample evidence of tho authors talent and zeal for the public good." — McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 3. An Answer to Sir John Dalrymplo's Pamphlet on the Exportation of Wool, Celebes., 1782, Svo. Forster, Nicholas, Bishop of Killaloe. 1. Serm. on l.Cor. i. 111. Dubl., 1710, 4to. 2. On Tim. ii. 1. 2, 1716, Svo. Forster, R. B. Travels through Louisiana, trans, from M. Bossu, 1771-72, 2 vols. Svo. "Chiefly interesting from the minute details into which it enters respecting the Illinois territory. Sir. Forster's translation contains a catalogue of American plants." — Strvenson's Voyages ami Travels. M. Bossu pub. a few years afterwards Nouveaux Voyages dans I'Amcrique Septentrionale. Forster, K. W, E. The Copyhold and Customary Tenure, Ac. Acts, i and 5 Vict., and 6 and 7 Vict., Lon., 1843, 12rao. Forster, Richard, M.D. Ephemerides Meteorological! ad ann. 1575. ic, Lon., 1575, Svo. Forster, Richard. Serm., 16S4, 4to. Forster, Rev. Richard. Bills of Mortality of Great Shefford, and other con. to Phil. Tr.ans., 1757, ■5"il, '62. Forster, Samuel. See Fosteh. Forster, Samuel. Digest of Laws rel. to Customs and N.avigation, &c., Savoy, Lon., 1727, Svo. The intro- duction contains a valuable Dissertation on the Nature, Extent, and Method of Collection of the Ancient Revenue of the Crown. Forster, Thomas. The Layman's Lawyer, 1656, '58. Forster, Thomas. Serms., 1672, 1715, 'IS. Forster, Thomas. A New Islaml, lately raised out of the sea near Tercera; Phil. Trans., 1722. Forster, Thomas. Serms. and Letters. 1759, '64. Forster, Thomas. Tracts ag. (^u.akers, Ac, ISIO, '13. Forster, Thomas. 1. Nat. Hist, of the Swallow, 6th ed., Lon., 1817, Svo. 2. Atmospheric Phenomena, 1813, '15, '23, Svo. 3. Poems of Catullus, ]2mo. 4. Perpetual Calendar Illustrating the events of every Day in the Year, as connected with Hist., Chronol., Botany, Nat. Hist., As- tron., Customs, Antiq., Ae., Svo. " Much credit is due to the author- for the mass of useful infor- mation be has conrpiled. and for the judicious manner in which he has contrived to relieve the dryness of scientific detail by the in- trodui-tion of .amusing anecdotes and occasional remar-ks." — Loii. Eclectic Beview. Other works. Forster, Thomas Furley. 1. Flora Tonbridgensis, 1801, 12mo; 1816, cr. Svo. 2. Viola. 3. Caltha; in Trans. Linn. Soc, 1802, '07. F'orster, Thompson. 1. Con. Med. Facts, 1794, '95. 2. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1814. Forster, VVestgarth. Treat, on a Sec. of the Strata from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to Cross Fells, 2d ed., 1821, Svo. Forster, VVni. Oughtred's Circles, 1632, '60. Forster, Wm. Causes and Cures of Diseases, 1745, Svo. Forster, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1755, 4to. Forster,Wm.,Minister of the Congreg. Ch., Kentish Town. Discourses, &c., Lon., 1850-52. Forsyth, Alex. Culture of the Potato, Lon., 1848, Svo. "Tbrt subjects are most judiciously handled." — Donaldson's Agricidt. Biog. Forsyth, C. Laws of Trusts in Scot., Edin., 1S44, Svo. Forsyth, J. S. The Antiquary's Portfolio, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. p. Svo. Forsyth, J, S. A Synopsis of Medical Jurisprudence, Anatomically, Physiologically, and Porensic.ally illustrated for the Facirlty of Medicine, Coroners, M.agistrates Law- yers, and Jurymen, Lon., 1829, 12mo. This is indeed » subject of great importance. See Beck, J. R. and John B.; Dean, Amos; Dusolison, Robley; Fabr, Samuel; 617 FOR FOR FoKBLANQUE, John S. M. ; Ray, Isaac; Traill, Thomas Stewart; Stille, Moretox; Wharton, Francis, Ac. Forsyth, James. Serm., Lon., 1616, 4to. Forsyth, John Hamilton. Mem. of, with a Selec- tion of his Serms., by the Kev. Edward Wilson, Lon., 1849, 8vo; 2(1 ed., 1S50, 8vo; 3d ed., 1851, Svo. Forsyth, Joseph, 1763-1815, a native of Elgin, in the county of Mor.ay, conductor of a classical school at New- ington-Butts, near London, travelled upon the Continent, and was imjjrisoned for several years whilst Great Britain was at war with France. Remarks on Antiiiuities, Arts, and Letters, during an Excursiun in Italy, 1SU2-03, Lon., 1813, Svo; ■tth ed., corrected and completed to 1835, 8vo. _ "The best book that has yet appeared on Italy, whether we con- sider the depth .ind originality of the remarks, or the terseness and nervousness of the language. Matthews justly describes it as 'a mine of uriginal remarks, expressed in the most forcible language.' " "An aduurable work, giving, in a short compass, much informa- tion, and indicating strong powers of mind and a correct taste."— Stevenstni's Voyages and Travels, " There are countries of the globe which possess a permanent and peculiar interest in human estimation. They are thr.se where the most momentous historical events occurred and civilization first dawned. Foremost among them stands Italy. Thus, so ac- curate a work as the one mentioned will be perused with great interest and pleasure." — N. Amer. Ji<-ii. "An .iccomplished traveller, of extraordinary capacity, extensive erudition, and refined taste." — Lord Bvron. Forsyth, Robert. 1. Principles and Prac. of Agri- cult. E.Kplained, Ediu., 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Originally pub. in Encyc. Brit, 4th ed. "The writer displays, throughout, much sound sense, and a sober discretion, ,as in every work that was done by the author." — DonaldsmVs Agricult. Biog. 2. Beauties of Scotland, 1805, 5 vols. 8vo. 3. The Prin- ciples of Moral Science, 1805, vol. i., 8vo. "It cannot be denied, we think, that it indicates very consider- able talents, and treats of a most important subject with some spirit and ingenuity."— Lord jEprEEv: Edin. lien., vii. 413. q. r. Forsyth, Wm., 1737-1804, a native of Old Mcldrum, county of Aberdeen, Sup't of the Chelsea Gardens until 1784, when he became Sup't of the Royal Gardens at Ken- sington and St. James. 1. Diseases, Ac. of Fruit and Fo- rest Trees, Lou., 1791, Svo. 2. Culture and Management of Fruit Trees, 1802, 4to; 1824, Svo. Trans, into French by Pictet-Mallet. Forsyth, VVm., Jr., son of the preceding, and his suc- cessor at Chelsea Gardens. A Botanical ^'omenclator, Lon., 1794, Svo. Highly esteemed in its d.ay. Forsyth, VVm., Barrister-at-Law, late Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. 1. Ahridgt. of the Slat. rel. to Scot., 1789- 1827, Edin., 1S27, 3 vols. Svo. 2. Diet, of the Stat. Laws of Scot., 1842, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Compos, with Creditors, Lon., 1841, Svo; 2d ed., 1S44, Svo. Amor, ed., Ilarrisburg, 1845, Svo. 4. Law rel. to Simony, 1S44, Svo. 5. Hortensius : an Hist. Essay on the Duties of an Advocate, 1849, p. Svo. " Hortensius is an attempt to represent, in an historical fashion, the progress of the writer's craft, from the rude forms of the an- cient codes to the complicated m.achinerv of modern statutes at large ; and we must admit that the author has written a very pleasant and u.seful book." — Lun. At/iena-um. 6. Laws rel. to the Custody of Infants, 1850, Svo. 7. Hist, of Trial by Jury, 1852, Svo. Quoted in Lieber'a Work on Civil Liberty. Fort, Francis. Gamaliel; a Serm., Lon., 175.3, Svo. Fortescue, Earl. Selce. from the Speeches and Writings of Lord King, with a Short Introductory Memoir by Earl Fortescue, Lon., 1S44, demy Svo. "lie p'jssessed those great rerjuisites of happiness — equanimity, cheerfulness of temper, and the habit of continually employing his mind in the pursuit of uoble or useful objects."— £<;rd King's Life of Locke. "Earl Fortescue has rendered good service to both economic and moral science by this seasonable publication. His selections are most judiciously made, aud will raise his relative's character as an able and upright politician, whose views were singularly in advance of his age. while every parliamentary session adds proof of their soundness." — Lon. AtJiaicpum. Fortescue, Lady E. Hymns, mostly from the Ger- man, Lon., 1847, 18mo. P'ortescue, J., D.D. Essays, Moral and Miscella- neous, Lon., 1752, '59. Fortescue, Sir John, suppo.sod to have died about 1485, aged 90, was the third son of Sir Honry Fortescue, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Prince, in his Worthies of Devonshire, presumed him to have been educated at Oxford, and Bishop Tanner locates him at Exeter Coll. At Lincoln's Inn he soon became famous for his knowledge of civil and common law, and in 14.i0 was made a Serjeant- at-Law; in 1441, King's Serjeant-at-Law; and in 1442 Chief Justice of the King's Bench. He stood high in fa- vour with Henry VI., and when that monarch was obliged to take refuge in Scotland, Fortescue clung to his fallen fortunes. It was probably at this time Henry created him Chancellor of England. In 1463 he accompanied Queen Margaret, Prince Edward, and a number of the adherents of the House of Lancaster, to Flanders, where he remained many years. Whilst thus in exile, he composed his cele- I brated work entitled De Laudihus Legum Angliie, with a view to the future guidance of Prince Henry, if he should ever reach the throne. The young prince was cut off by I the hand of the murderer in tho flower of his days, but the j De Laudihus Legum Anglh'e has survived many thrones, I and is still resorted to as a fountain of inestimable wisdom, Fortescue returned to England with Queen Margaret and Prince Edward, and was taken prisoner after the battle of Shrewsbury, in 1471. He was pardoned by King Ed- ward, retracted a paper he had written against the claims of the House of York, and lived the rest of his days in learned retirement at Ebburton, in Gloucestershire. In addition to the work noticed above, he left many Latin tracts, (MSS.,) and an English treatise, entitled The Dif- ference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy, as it more particularly regards the English Constitution. This was pub. in 1714, Svo, with Remarks by the author's de- scendant, John Fortescue Aland. It proves and enlarges upon the superior degree of liberty possessed by the Eng- lish over the French. It was probably written after De Laudihus, Ac, as the author does not quote it in the latter work. See Oldys's Brit. Lib., 250-254. The De Laudihus Legum Angliai was first printed by Whitchurch, sine anno, but in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. In 1516, 12mo, a trans, into English, made by Robert Mulcaster, was given to the world. Reprinted 1567, '73, '76, '7S, '99, 1609, with Hongham's Summa; Magna et Parva, and Notes by Selden on De Laudihus, Ac, 1616, '60, '72. Mulcaster, the translator, says, in his dedication to John Walshe : "It hapued me of late to light upon this little Treatise, which I incoutiuent desired to runue ouer, because it seemed to discourse upon some points of the law of our couutrie whereof I myself then was and am now a student. AVhen 1 had ouerrunne it, and be- cause I wished all men to bane part of my delight, methougbt it good to translate it into Kuglish forth of Latine." Trans, into English, illustrated with the Notes of Mr. Selden, and a great variety of Remarks with respect to the Antici., Hist., and Laws of Eng. ; to which arc added the Suuimae of Hengham,by J. Glanvill, 1737, fob; 2d ed., 1741. Now ed., including Selden's Notes and Hengham's Summae, with a large Hist. Pref. by Francis Gregor, 1775, Svo. The notes and references in this ed. are more ample than in any of the preceding eds., and the trans, is more accurate. The last ed. of Fortescue is by A. Amos, Camb., 1S25, Svo. The trans, is the same as Gregor's : " Professor Amos judiciously retained some of the notes of former editions, but for tho most part added new ones, which are less copious than Gregor's. Professor Amos discharged the office of Anuotator with ability and moderation." — Marvin's Leg. Bibl.^ q. V. for a reference to authorities subjoined. In 1663, fob, Mr. E. Waterhouse pub. Fortescutus Hlus- tratus; or, A Comment, on that Nervous Treatise, De Lau- dihus Legum Anglia3. For llargrave's opinion of this work see W.\terhouse, E. The merits of De Laudihus Legum Anglh-B are unquestionable ; and, as we have already stated, its authority has lost nothing by the lapse of time : *' All good men and lovers of tho Enghsh constitution speak of him with honour; aud he still lives, in tho opinion of all true Englishmen, in as high esteem and reputation as any judge that ever sat in Westminster Hall." — John Fortescue Aland. We quote some other commondations of this learned Treatise ; " Aureolum hunc dialogum-libellum. de quo dicit potest id quod de fluvio Teleboa scripsit Xenophon, Mcyas ftci; of xa^os Sc . . . Certe leges nostria? ut iu illo libro videbis persapienter compo- sitae." — Sir Wiluam Jones, in a klfer to a tnirned J'oreigner. " ilis writing showeth a sharp judgment, and in this is exquisite and artificial, that when he eudeavoureth to be plain, he speaketh not to be profijund, for he writ to a king, who deserved things plainly opened." " Sir John Fortescue. whose learned ' Commentaries on the Law' make him famous to all posterity," — Fttlkr's Worthies of Devonshire. ".\n admiratile treatise, which, for the excellence of its method, solidity of matter, aud justness of its views, excels every work on that subject." — Henkv. "An ingenious defence of the Common Law of England against the attacks of civil lawyers. Bracton and Fortescue are the two most learned and almost the only learned of the Ancient Law- yers." — Bishop Warbititon. "It displays sentiments upon liberty and limited government which one could not expect to find in a writer of this period; and there runs through the whole an air of probity that conciliates the attention of the reader." See 10 Rep., Pref. 28; 3 Pref. 21; Willes, 543; 1 West's Ca., temp. Hard., 27; 10 West. Rov., 97; North's Dis., 85; No. 64. L. M., 283; 1 Kent, 501 : Pref. Gregor's Fortescue; Fulbeck's Preparative, 70 ; 4 Reeves's Hist,, 112; Nicol- son's Eng, Hist. Lib., 163; Marvin's Log. Bib., 319. FOR FOS Fortescue, Sir John. See Alanh. John Fortescue. Fortescue, John. Serin., 1760, 8vo. Fortescue, Thomas. The Foreste or Collection of Historyes — nu less protitable than pleasant and necessary, done out of French into English, Lon., 1671, 4to. "The genius of these tak-s may hv discerned fruiii their history. The book is said to have been written in Spanish by Petro do Messia, then translated into Italian, thence into French by Claude Crnget. a citizen of Paris, and lastly from French into English by Fortescue. Itut many of the stories seem to have originally mi- grated from Italy to Spain." — WuHmi's Hist, of Eng. Poi:t. Forth, Earl of. Letter to Earl of Essex. 1643, 4to. Forth, Henry. Supper of our Lord, 1548, 16mo. Forth, Win. Letter to Bp. of Norwich, 1813. Fortnum, Mrs. 1. The Adventures of Victor Allen ; a Nov., lSti:», 2 vnls. 2. Cordelia. 2 vols. Fortrcy, Samuel, a Gentleman of the King's Bed- chamber. England's Interest and luiprovement, consist- ing in the Increase of the State and Trade of this King- dom, Camb., 166:J, '73, 1744, 8vo. " Chietiy remarkable for having powerfully assisted in raising and perpetuating that prfjudice against the trade with France ■which resnlted not long after in its almost total prohibition." — McCuUoch's Lit. of I'oUt. Econ. F'ortuue, E. F. T. 1. Epitome of the Stocks and Funds, Lon., 1796. 12mo ; 16th cd., by D. M. Evans, 1851, 12mo. 2. Hist, of the Bk. of England, 1796, Svo. 3. Nat. Life Annuities, 1800. Fortune, Robert, b. 1813, at Berwick. Scotland. Three Years' Waiidcriugs in the Northern Provinces of China; 3d ed., Lon., 1853. 2 vols. p. 8vo. " Mr. Fortune was sent to China for the purpose of obtaining new plants, and his instructions directed him to pay all possible attention to the horticulture and agriculture of the people; and on these points his work will be most welcome." — Lon. Gardener's Chron. "Tliis is a genuine book, — as full of interest and amusement as it is empty of pretences at fine writing." — Lmi. At/ien. Two Visits to the Tea-Countries of China, 2 vols. p. Svo. A Residence among the Chinesej being the Third Visit from 1853 to 1S56, 8vo, 1857. Fosbrooke, John. Six Serms., Camb., 1633, 4to. Fosbrooke, Thomas Dudley, 1770-1842, educated at St. Paul's Scliool. and Pembroke Coll., Oxf. ; M.A., 1792: Curate of Ilorslej. 1794; Curate of Walford, 1810, and Vicar, 1830. 1. The Economy of Monastic Life, as it existed in England; a Poem, with Pbilos. and Archa?ol. lUust., Lon., 17'J5, 4to. 2. British Monachism ; or, Man- ners and Customs of the Monks and Nuns of England. To which are added, I. Pereijrinaturintn Eeliij'njsum, or Manners and Customs of ancient Pilgrims; II. Cousuetu- dinal of Anchurets and Hermits; III. Account of the Contitientes, or Women who had made Vows of Chastity; IV. Four Select Poems, in various Styles, 2d ed., 1817, 4to. " A considerable portion of this work having been re-writteu. with the view of introducing large and impoitant accessions from the ancient Chroniclers, and especially from Dv C.vnge, (a work as recondite as MS. to all but our first aut)i[uaries,) the present edition, enlivened by reflections suited to history, is adapted, not to the antiquary only, but to the general reader, as inteiest, cu- riosity, and entertainment, have been studiously consulted." New ed., with addits., 1S43, 2 vols. r. Svo. The first edition of this work was most favourably no- ticed by all the lleviews. '• Mr. Fosbrooke has given to the publick, chiefly from MS. au- thorities, a comprehensive view of the character and manners of monastic life; and has brought together many tacts, which serve to wist a li;j,ht on the history of human nature. The manners of the period which furnished his materials were so entiiely din"erent from those of the present times, that the relation of thom is highly gratifying and instructive. This work contains much curious and original information." — British Crilic, 1802. See this work reviewed in the Gentleman's Magazine for January, February, and March; and also in the British Critic for February, 1818. See a review of this work, and an elaborate paper on British Monachism, by Robert Southey, in the London Quart. Rev., xxiii. 59-102. " Having thus noticed some errors in Mr. Fosbrooke's work, it would be highly unjust were we not at the same time to state that it contains a great deal of curious and reeondite information, and that, wherever the subject permits, the author gives proof in the liveliness of his expressions of a vigorous and original mind." — Ubi supra. " Foshrooke's learned work on British Monachism." — Silt Walteb SOOTT. 3. Hist, of the County of Gloucester, from the Papers of Ralph Bigland, &c., 1807. 2 vols. 4to. 4. Letter to Can- ning. 180y, Svo. 5. Key to the N. Te?t.. 1815, 12mo. Compiled from Whitby, Hammond, and Bishop Mann. 6. Berkeley MSS., 1821, 4to. 7. Companion to the Wye Tour, Ross, 1821, Svo. 8. Account of Cheltenham, Lon., 12mo. 9. Account of Ragland Castle, 12mo. 10. Enry- clopsedia of Antiquities and Elements of Archjeology, 1823-25, 2 vols. 4to ; pub. in numbers, 1841, r. Svo. New ed., with improvements, 1843, 2 vols. r. Svo ; 107 Plates. "■A work as original as it is important — elegantly written, and full of interesting information, with which every person of liher.al education ought to be acquainted. No good library should be without it." — Lon. Literary Chronicle. 11. Archseol. Sketches of Ross and Archenfield, 1821, 12mo. 12. The Tourist's Grammar, 1826, 12mo. 13. A Treatise on the Arts, Manners, Manufactures, and Institu- tions of the Romans, 1833-35, 2 vols. fp. Svo; Lardner's CycloptBdia. Every antiquarian collection should contain Mr. Fosbrooke's works. Fosket, Henry. 1. Facts Explan. of his Conduct, 1810. Svo. 2. Rights of the Army Vindicated, 1810, Svo. 3. Supp., 1812, Svo. FosSj Edward. 1. The Grandeur of the Law; or. the Legal Peers of England: with Sketches of their Profess. Career, Lon., 1843, 12mo. 2. The Judges of England, vol. i., 1066-1199; vol. ii., 1199-1272, pub. Lon., 1348, Svo. Vulsiii. and iv., 1272-1483. 1851, Svo. Vol. v.. The Tudors, and vol. vi., The Stuarts, 1857, (an interesting portion of constitutional history.) Notices of vols. iii. and iv. : "This work will supply an important deficiency in English literature, — a deficiency long felt and acknowledged by more than those engaged in the study and practice of the law. . . . The Judges of England is an excellent book, and will, without doubt, be appreciated as well by the public at large as by the members of the legal profession.'"— Ttn'/'s Erator appear, Kefined his language, and his reason clear! Thou, Foster, only, hast the pleasing art. At once to charm"the ear, and mend the heart." S.\v.\GE. Lord Bolingbroke noticed the popular favourite after his own fashion, by ascribing to him, but erroneously, it is said, the absurd saying, often quoted by shallow disputants, "Where mystery begins, religion ends." But it has been remarked that, " Whatever his person.al virtues and popular talents, he neither professed nor possessed much zeal for the essential doctrines of Christianitv." 1. Occasional Serms., 1720, '32, '41, '42, 8vo. 2. Scrms., 1732, '33, '37, 8vo. 3. Serms., in 4 vols. 8vo ; 4th and best cd., 1755. 4. Discouri-es on Natural Religion and Social Virtues, 1749-52. 2 vols. 4to. 5. Essay on Fundamentals; especially the Trinity. 1720, 8vo. A celebrated essay. 6. Defence of the Usefulness, Truth, and Excellency of the Christian Religion, 1731, 8vo. Written against Tindah 620 ' ■■^' FOS " This is generally and justly .acknowledged to he an ingenious performance, and written with great clearness of thought and ex- pression."— ic^"(^'s I>ei.stical Writers, q. v. "It reflects much credit on the abilities and ingenuity of the author." .'^ee Wilson's Hist, of Diss. Churches. 7. Answer to Dr. Stebbing's Letter on Heresy, 1735, 8vo : do. to his 2d Letter, 1736, "8vo. Foster, John. 1. Oratio habita C.antahrigi.'E in Col- legio Regali, Cantab., 1752, 4to. 2. Dissertatio, Lon., 1768, 4to. Foster, John, of Elton. Serms., Lon., 1756, '57, 8vo. Foster, John, 1731-1773, a native of Windsor, edu- cated at Eton and King's Coll., Camb., Master of Eton, 1765; Canon of Windsor, 1772. An Essay on Accent and Quantity, Eton, 1762, Svo ; 3d ed., 1820, Svo. An esteemed work. The 3d ed. contains Dr. Gally's two Dissertations against pronouncing the Greek language according to Foster,Rt. Hon. John,M.P. Speeches,1793,'99,8vo. Foster, John. Poems on Relig. Subjects, 1798, Svo. Foster, John, D.D., 1783-1829, minister of Brighton, Mass., husband of Hannah Foster, author of The Coquette. Semis., 1799, !S02, '03, '05, '09, '17. Foster, John. On the Method of Illustrating Scrip- ture from the relation of Modern Travellers, 1802, 8vo. Foster, John, 1770-1843, a native of Yorkshire, Eng- land, was the son of a farmer, who employed his leisure hours in weaving, and taught his son the use of the hand- wheel. When 14 years of age, John was placed under the care of a manufacturer, who soon discovered that his stu- dious apprentice would prove but .an unprofitable assistant. Discharged from a distasteful employment, he determined to study for the ministry, and entered the Baptist College at Bristol, where he soon gained distinction by intellectual abilities. In 1792 he commenced preaching, and officiated among the Baptists at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Dublin, Chi- chester, Duwnend, near Bristol, and Frome, in Somerset- shire, in succession. Obliged by a glandular affection of the neck to discontinue preaching, he retired to Stapleton, near Bristol, and here he devoted himself to literary com- position, for which few have been so well qualified. He was the principal contributor to the Eclectic Review, and for a period of thirteen years wrote for its columns those excellent essays which gave that periodical so extensive and durable a reputation. We should not fail to mention that the "Friend" to whom he addressed his essays was a Miss Maria Snooke of Downcnd, who subsequently became Mrs. John Foster. For further particulars respecting this excellent man and eminent writer, we must refer the reader to his Life and Correspondence, by J. E. Ryland ; with No- tices of Mr. Foster as a preacher and companion, by John Sheppard, Lon., 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., (Bohn's Stand. Lib.,) 1852, 2 vols. 12mo; Boston, 1850, 2 vols, in 1, 12mo. '■In the interesting volumes before us we find, and principally in his own woids, a full and tiithful register of the leading events in his life, and of the more interesting movements in his spiritual history. The book is arranged on a plan somewhat similar to that adopted in Carlyle's work on Cromwell. The biography constitutes an intermitting chain between the numerous letters, and is exe- cuted in a modest and intelligent manner. Besides his correspond- ence, theie are large and valuable excerpts from his journals, and to the whole are appended interesting though slight notices of his character, from the pen of Mr. Sheppard." — Gilftllan's Sccund Gal- kry of Lit. Pirrtraits. In 1SU5 Mr. Foster pub. (1.) Essays, in a Series of Let- ters to a Friend, on the following sulijecis: 1. On a man's ; writing memoirs of himself; 2. On Decision of Character; 3. On the .'ippliealion of the epithet Romantic; 4. On some of the causes by which Evangelical Religion has been ren- dered less ucceplable to persons of cultivated taste, 9th ed., 1830, Svo. Tlie final corrections of the author appear in this ed., from which the subsequent eds. were printed; 13th ed., 1839, 12mo; 21st ed., 1850. p. Svo. " I happened myself to be in Bristol at the moment when his four essays were first issuing from the press; and everywhere 1 heard so pointed an account of the expectations connected with Foster by his religious party, that I made it a duty to read his book without delay. It is a distant incident to look back upon; gone by far more than thirty years; but I remember my first im- pressions, which were these:— first. That the novelty or weight of the thinking was hardly sutficient to account for the sudden popu- larity, without some e3-tra influence at work; and, secondly, That the contrast was remarkable between the uncoloured style of his general diction, and the brilliant felicity of occasional images em- broidered upon the sober ground of his text. The splendour did not seem spontaneous, or growing up as part of the texture within the loom; it was intermitting, and seemed as extraneous to the substance as the fiowei s which are chalked for an evening upon the floors of ball-rooms." — De Quincet/'s £ssays cni the Ibets and other Eng. Writers, q. v. The eminent authorities next to be quoted take a very different view of our author. FOS FOT "The author places the idea whirh he wishes to present in such a flood of light, that it is not merely visible itself, but it seems to illumine all around it. lie paiuts metaphysics, and has the happy art of arranj^inj; what in other hands would appear cold and com- fortless abstractious, in the warmest colours of fancy. Without quitting his argument in pursuit of ornament or imagery, his imagination becomes the perfect handmaid of his reason, ready at every moment to spread her canvas and present her pencil." — Robert IUll. " I have read, with the greatest admiration, the Essays of Mr. Foster, lie is one of the most profound and eloquent writers that England has produced." — Sir James Mackintosh. " Mr. Foster's Essays are full of ingenuity and original remarks. The style of them is at once terse and elegant."' — Dr. Dicdin : Library Coinjy. "A very accurate and powerful writer of the present day, Mr. Foster, in his Essay on Decision of Characttr." &c. — Samdel \Var- ken: Ten Thousand a Y&ar. And see the same author's Introduc. to Law Studies. It would bo easy to multiply commendations. In 1S19 appeared (2) the Essays on the Evils of Popu- lar Ignorance. New ed., 16th thousand, including the Discourse on the Communication of Christianity to the People of India, 1850, sm. Svo. This the author considered his best work, and is the one by which he wished his literary claims to be estimated. The fact of its not having sold so well as bi.s other Essays was, he used to say, a proof of Popular Ignorance. The author was not the only admirer of his performance : "A work which, popular and admired as it coufessi?dIy is, hns never met with the thousandth part of the attention which it de- serves. It appears to me that we are now at a crisis in the state of our country and of the world, which renders the reasonings and exhortations of that eloquent production applicable and urgent beyond all power of mine to express." — Dr. J. Pye Smith. *' If any have yet to learn the Evils of Popular Ignorance, let them survey the chambers of imagery in this original and affect- ing Essay, and if they can receive impressions, they will never more forget that the people aiNj destroyed for lack of knowledge." ^Dr. John Harris, author of Mamnum. 3. Contributions, Biographical, Literary, and Philosophi- cal, to the Eclectic Review, 1840, 2 vols. Svo. "They are worthy to go along with the reviews of Hall, Macjiu- lay, and Jeffrey. I'rofound, keen, courteous, powerful in reason- ing, vigorous and massive in style, and eminently Christian in sentiment, they will sulTer nothing by comparison with the writ- ings of those justly-celebrated men in the most important points, while iu some they possess an evident superiority." — Lon. Congre- gationul Mog. " We believe that no Review in England, in America, or on the Continent, can boast of more precious treasure.s than those dis- closed in the volumes before us." — Lon. Evainj'lii-f : Seco/id Gallery of Lit. Pod. " Mr. (lilfiUan possibly overrates the power of this essayist, and the hold which ho has upon the public mind. It is singular, meanwhile, that whatever might be its degree, much or little, ori- ginally his influence was due to an accident of position, which, in some countries, would have tended to destroy it. He was a Dis- senter." — De Quincev : Essays on the Potts, and other Eng. Writers. The reader can pure^ue the subject in the two works last named, and many of the leading periodicals of the day. Foster, John Leslie. 1. Essay on the Principles of Commercial Exchanges, Ac., Lon., 1804, Svo. " In this very able treatise Mr. Foster gives the earliest explana- tion of the real natureand influence of absentee expenditures that we have met with." — MrCidh'ch^s Lit. of Pjlit. Kcon. 2. Speech rol. to R. Catholics in Ireland, 1812, Svo, Foster, Joseph. Sec Forster. Foster, Mark. A Treat, of Trigonometry. Foster, Sir Michael, IGS9-1763, an eminent law- yer, a native of Marlborough, AViltr^hire, educated at Exe- ter Coll., 0.\f., entered the Mbldlo Temple in 170T, was knighted and made a Judge of the Court of King's Bench in 1745. 1. Letter to Prot. Dissenters, 1720. 2. Exam. of the scheme of Church Power laid down in the Codex Juris Ecclosiastici Anglieani, Ac, 1735. "In this he controverted the system of Church power vested in the clergy, and which forms the groundwork of Bishop . Ministry Needed for the Times. Foster, Richard. To the Rulers in Israel, 1650. Foster, Robert, or William. Hoplocrisma-Spon- gvs ; or, A iSponge tu wipe away the Weapon-salve, Lon., lt)31, 4 to. Foster, Samuel, d. 1652, a native of Northampton- shire, educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb., was elected Prof, of Astronomy in Gresham Coll. in 1636, and again in 1641. He was a distinguished mathematician. His principal works are — 1. Descrip. of a Quadrant, Lon., 1624, 4to. Several eds. 2. The Art of Dialling, 1638, &c.,4to. 3. Four Treatises on Dialling, 1654, 4to. 4. Ilorologiographyj 1654, 4to. 6. Miscellanea, Eng. and Lat., 1659, fol. Foster, Thomas, Serm., Lon., 1631, 4to. Foster, Thomas* See FonsTEti. Foster, Thomas. Chrestomatheia; or, A Collection of Morality and Sentiment extracted from various Authors, 1793, 12mo. Foster, Wm. See Forster. Foster, Wm. See Fonnt^STEu. Foster, Wm., D.D. Visit. Serm., Lon., 1802, 4to. Foster, Rev. Wm., Head Master of St. Paul's School, Snuthsea, has jmb. Greek and Latin Grammars, &c., and works on Arithmetic and Algebra. Foster,Mrs.VV. Lady Marion, Lon. ,1853, 3 vols. p. Svo. *'TIiis fascinating novel needs not the attraction of the name of the late Duke of Wellington's niece upon the title-page to com- mend it to the novel-readers of the fashionable world. The work gives evidence of talent of uo common order." — John Bull. Foster, Wm. L. New Hampshire Reports, vols, i., ii., iii., pub. to 1854, Boston, Svo. Fotherby, Martin, D.D.. 1559-1619, a native of Lin- colnshire, educated at, and Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb., Preb. of Canterbury, 1596; Bishop of Sarum, 1618. 1. Fo^ro Serms., Lon., 1608, 4to. 2. Atheomasti; or, The clearing of Four Truths against Atheists, &c., 1622, fol. Fothergill, Anthony, a husbandman, pub. three theulog. treatises, Lon., 1754, '56, Svo. Fothergill, Anthony, M.D., of Northampton, pub. treatises on Fever, Poison, &c., 1763-99, and contrib. pro- fess, papers to Med. Obs. and Inq., and Phil. Trans., 1767- 1805. Fothergill, Charles. 1. The Wanderer: Tales and Essays, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Essay on Natural History, 1813. ]2mo. Fothergill, George, 1705-1760, a native of West- moreland, educated at, and FeUnw and tutor of. Queen's Coll., Oxf. ; Principal of Edmund Hall, and Vienr of Bram- ley, Hampshire, 1751. 1. Occas. Serms., Lon., 1756, *57, '58, Svo. 2, Serms., 1761, '62, Svo; Oxf., 1765, 2 vols. Svo. " His sermons display a largo share of manly sense. They are clear, rational, and instructive. His turn of thought and expres- sion is ingenious and sprightly." — Lon. Mimth. Rev. Fothergill, John, M.D., 1712-1780, an eminent phy- sician, a member of the Snciety of Friends or Quakers, was a native of Carr End, Yorkshire. After travelling on the continent, he settled in London, where he gained such fame in his profession that he enjoyed an income of about 621 FOT £7000, and left an estate of £80,000. He endowed a semi- nary for young Quakers at Ackworth, near Leeds, assisted Sydney Parkinson in his account of his South Sea Voy- age, and printed Anthony Purver's (a Quaker) trans, of the Biblo from the Hebrew and Greek, at an expense of £2000. 1. Thesis de Emeticorum usu, in variis Morbis tractandis, Edin., 1738, 8vo. 2. Sore Throat with Ulcers, Lon., 1748, '54, 8vo. 3. Rules for the Preserv. of Health, 1762, 8vo. 4. Acct. of Dr. Cullinson, 1770, 4to. Anon. 6. Explan. Remarks to the Pref. to Sydney Parkinson's Jour, of a Vuy. to the South Seas. 1773, 4to. 6. Hydro- phobia, 1778, 8vo. 7. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1736. 8. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1744. 9. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq.. 1755, '67, '78, '84. His Works, edited by John Elliot, M.D., with Life and Notes, 1781, 8vo. By Gilbert Thompson, 1782, 8vo. By Dr. Lettsom, 1783, 2 vols. 8vo; 1784, 4to. Hurtas Uptoniensis; or, A Cat. of Stove and Greenhouse Plants in Dr. Fothergill's Garden at Upton, at the time of his decease, 1784, 8vo. "The person of Ur. Fothergill was of a delicate rather than ex- tenuated make. His features were all expressive, and his eye had a peculiar brilliancy. His understandinj^ was comprehensive and quick, and rarely embarrassed on the mosf sudden occa.'^iODS. There was a charm in his conversation and address that conciliated the regard and confidence of all who employed him; and so dis- creet and uniform was his conduct, that he was not apt to forfeit the esteem which he had once acquired." See authorities cited above ; also Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Physic and Physicians; The Lives of Brit. Physicians; and for a list of his separate papers in Ed. Mes of Bristol. " He was well skilVd in the Greek and Latin tongues, a tolerable poet aud orator, and a theologist not to be contemn'd. So learned was he also in criticisms, and other polite learning, that he might have passed for another Kobert, or Henry, Stephens, printers." — Athen. Oxon. See the above authorities, and Dodd's Church Hist., vol. i. Fowler, John, surgeon at Ayton. Hints rel. to re- covery of the drowned, Lon., 1784, 8vo. Fowler, John. The Last Guinea: a Poem, Svo. Fowler, Orrin S. Works on Phvsiology, Education, Phrenology, Ac, N. York, 1848-53. &c. Fowler, Kiehard. Animal Electricity, or Galvanism, Edtn.. 1793, Svo. Fowler, Robert. A Quaker's Sea Journal, 1659, 4to. FoAvler, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1754, Svo. Fowler, Thomas, M.D., 1736-1801. a native of York, England, practised at Stafford and York. 1. Dis- sertatio Medica, Edin.. 1778, Svo. 2. Med. Reports of the Effects of Tobacco, 1785, Svo. 3. Effects of Arsenic, 17S6, Svo. 4. Effects of Blood-letting, *tc., 1795, Svo. 5. Con. to Med. Com., 1777, '78, '94. 6. Memoirs Med., 1792. '■Some idea of his indefatigable labours may Ixt conceived, when we mention that he left in manuscript the history of more than six thousand cases, which fell under his own inspection and treat- ment." See Rees's Cyclopo'dia, Fowler, W. The Eastern Mirror; an Illust. of the Scriptures from celebrated Travellers, Exeter, 1814, Svo. This is an abridgt. of Harmer and Burder, with some ad- ditions. Fowler, W. C. The English Language in its Ele- ments and Forms. N. York, 1850, Svo. " A work of great elaboration and care^ which carries the rela- tions of grammar to other sciences further than is usual in such treatises.'' — Wo(:liman and Observer. Fowler, nr Fouler, Wm. Answer to Hamilton, 1581. Fowler, Wm. Engravings of Mosaic Pavements and paintings in Stained Glass, 2 vols, eleph. fob, Winterton, York : v. y. Of this beautiful work not forty copies were completed. It is worth about £24. Mr. Fowler, who was originally a journeyman carpenter, was emphatically the author of this book ; for he made the drawings and en- gravings, prepared the colours, and even made the paper itself. Fowles, Rev. James H., 1S12-1S54, b. at Nassau, New Providence, was the sun of Lt. Henry Fowles of the British Army. He graduated at Yale College in 1831, and about 1833 was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New York. He subsequently received ordination at tho hands of Bishop Bowen of S. Carolina, and, after officiating in several parishes in that State, iu 1845 accepted the rec- torship of the Church of the Epiphany, Philadelphia, then recently vacated by the removal of the Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng to New York. He here laboured with great zeal until within a few months of his death, when obliged to resign his duties from ill health. 1. Protestant Epis. Views of Baptism Explained and Defended, Phila., 1846, ISmo. 2. Serms, [30] preached in the Church of the Epiphany, Phila. J preceded by a biographical sketch of the author, 1S55, Svo. "We should be glad to make some extracts from these sermons, but it is about as difficult to do this as it would be to substitute any other Iani,'uage for that ofthe author. Each sermon is a piece of solid masonry. It must be taken as a whole to be appreciated; and. what is uncommon, there is not a sermon in the book which will not read better the second time. For close logical reasoning, for distinctness of doctrine, for scriptural sfyle. and for power of thought, few sermons we have ever seen equal them." — Prot.EpU. Quar. Ifev. and Ch. Reg., N. lor/.-, April, iSoo. Mr. Fowles also edited and wrote Introductions to Goode's Better Covenant and The Convict Ship. FoAvnes, George, late Prof, of Prac. Chem. in Univ. Coll., London. 1. Chemistry as exemplifying the Wisdom and Beneficence of God, being the Actonian Prize Essay of 100 Guineas, awarded by the Com. of the Royal Instit. of G. Brit., Lon., 1844, p. Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 12mo. " The field which the author has gone over is one of the utmost interest. He has embraced all the leading facts of the subject, and made them to bear upon his principal argument." — Lun. Aihuna^itni. 2. Chemical Tables, Lon., 1846, sm. fol. 3. Introduc. to Qualitative Analysis, 1846, p. Svo. 4. Rudimentary Che- mistry, 1848, 12mo. 5. Manual of Elementary Chemistry, 1844, fp. Svo; 4th ed., revised, 1852 ; 5th ed., with addits,, edited by H. Bence Jones, M.D., and A. W. Hofman, Ph. D., 1854; 4th Amer. ed., by Robert Bridges, M.D., Phila., 1855, r. I2mo. *'An admirable exposition of the present state of chemical sci- ence, simply and clearly written, and displaying a thorough prac- tical knowledge of its details, as well as a prolound acquaintance with its principles. The illustrationa, and the whole getting up ofthe book, merit our highest praise." — Brit, and Fur. Med. Rev. '"One of the best elementary works on Chemistry accessible to the American and English student."' — N, York Jour, of Med., March, 1854. Fownes, Joseph, Serms., ; and a review of Fo.\'s Corrcsp. with Gilbert Wakefield, by the Earl i.f Dud- ley, in Lon. Quar. Rev., ix. 313. Sec also a review of Fox's James II.. by Lord Jeffrey, in Edin. Rev., xii. 271 ; and a notice by Francis Horner of the French trans, of this work, in Edin. Rev., xv. I'.IO. We have referred to Dr. Parr's enthxisiastic admiration for Mr. Fox. We quote an amusing exemplification : "When I pronounced the words '^ Mr. f}>x amsc.^ ['arr would roar out 'stop!' and, after shakinj^ the ashes out of his pipe, and filling it afrfsh. he would add. ' Kow, you dog, do your best: " In the course of the spt'tch, he would oftt-n interrupt me, in a tone of triumpliaut exultation, with exclamations such as the fol- lowing: 'Capital!'— '.);tsi/vT that, if you can. Mailer Pitt!' and at the conclusion, '■That is iJie sperch of the orator and statesman: " — AVw Month. Mag., Aug. 1826, where will be found many interesting recollections of Dr. Parr. " If I were to be asked what was the nature of Mr. Fox's elo- quence, I should answer that it was only asking me in other words what I understood to be the character of eloquence itself, when applied to the transactions of British Government and Laws." — Krskine. Fox, C. J. Guide to Officers of Towns, Concord, New Hamp., 1S43. 12mo. Fox, Edmniid. Enthusiasm; a Poem, with Notes variorum, Ac, Lon., 1758, 8vo. Fox, Edward, d. 1533, Bishop of Hereford, and Almoner to Henry VIII., wrote De Vera Differentia Regiie Potestatis et Eeclesiasticie, Ac, 1534, '38, (trans, into Eng- lish by Henry, Lord Stafford,) Annotations upon the Mantnan Poet, and an Oration. See Riog. Brit. ; Llovd's State Worthies: Strype's C'ranmer; Dodd's Church Hist. Fox, Edward. Formula JMedicamentorum Selects, Lnn.. 1777, 8vo. Fox, Francis. Serm., Lon., 16S3, 4to. Fox, Francis, d. 1738, Vicar of Pottern, Wiltshire, and Preh. uf Salisbury; Vicar of St. Mary's, Readiuo-, 1726. 1. Serms., 1705, '15. '27. 2. Oaths. 1710. Svo. 3. Duty of Public Worship, 17LS, 12mo : 4th ed., 1727. 4. N. Testament Explained, 1722, 2 v(ds. Svo. New ed., 1742. "In this work the references are all given, in words at full length, under the test; so that the parallel texts may be all seen at oue view. ... It contains also a few notes on some difficult passages." — Ormrs Bibl. Brit. "The editor of this useful publicatinn has given, for the most part, all the references in the last and fidlest edition of the Uible, together with a great number collected by himself; ami has fur- ther added the chronology of Bishop Usher, tin- niaruiiKil render- in<;s, and several good notes on really dillirult pus>age.s, together with a rnpiuus index. The work is now only to be procured at a very hii^h price." — Horyw's Bihl. Bib, Fox, George, 1624-1G90, the founder of the Society of Friends or Quakers, was a native of Drayton, Leices- tershire, where his father followed Iho occupation of a weaver. George was bound apprentice to a shoemaker and grazier, and, whilst engaged in tending his sheep, en- joyed those opportunities fur undisturbed meditation which resulted in the formation of that character of solid piety and religious zeal which eminently distinguished his future life. In 1643 ho abandoned his occupation, and 4U I four years later he became an itinerant preacher, re- j buking sharply whatever he deemed worthy of repre- hension, and often "holding forth," without invitation, to congregations assembled for regular service. These "breaches of the peace" led to frequent imprisonments, involving great hardships and privations, which were patiently submitted to by one who was always ready to lay down his life in defence of what he believed to be the truth. About 1(H)9 he was married to Margaret Fell, the widow of Thomas Fell, a Welsh Judge. It will not be expected that wo should follow him in his arduous and unremitting efforts for the benefit of his fellow-beings. The reader will find ample sources of information in the works indicated below. In the course of his public minis- trations he twice visited the continent, spent two years in assiduous labours among the American colonies, and re- peatedly visited different portions of Great Britain. He died in London in 16'J0, continuing his public addresses until within a few days of his death. A list of his separnto publications will be found in Bibl. Brit. His writings were published in three vols, fob, viz.: 1. Journal of his Life. Travels, Ac, 161)4, fol.; 1709, 2 vols. Svo; 1765, fol. 2. Col- lection of many Select and Christian Epistles, Letters, and Testimonies written by George Fox, 1698. 3. Gospel Truth Deumnstrated in a collection of doctrinal books given forth by (Tcorge Fox; containing principles essential to Chria- tianity and Salvation held among the people called Qua- kers, 1706. A new ed. of his works has been pub. in Phila., 8 vols. Svo. See Sewel's Hist, of the Quakers; Neal's Puritans; Rees's Cyclopaedia; Jonah Marsh's Life of Fox, I 1848, 12mo; Samuel M. Janney's Life of Fox, with Disser- tations on his Views concerning the Doctrines, Testimonies, and Discipline of the Christian Church, Phila., 1853, Svo, Fox's .Journal is a volume of great interest, and baa been highly commended even by those who felt little sym- pathy for the author's religious peculiarities. " It is one of the most extraordinary and instructive narratives in the world; which no reader of competent jud^^ment can peruse without revering the virtue of the writer." — Sir .James Mackintosh. " I have read through the ponderous folio of Geotf^e Fox. Pray how may I return it to Mr. Skewell, at Ipswich? I fear to send such a treasure by a stage-coach; not that I am afraid of the coach- man or the guard reading it. but it miixht be lost. Can you put me in a way of sending it safely? The kind-hearted owner trusted it to me for six months; I think I was about as many days in get- ting through it, and I do not think that 1 skipped a word of it."— Charles Lamb to Btrnard Burloti, Frb. 1SJ3. The reader will find a brief notice of Fox's labours in Scotland in this Dictionary, article Barclay, Bodert. We have quoted, in the article referred to, William Penu'a opinion of Robert Barclay, and it is but fitting that we should record the testimonj' of the same eminent authority to the excellence of the character of George Fox. He mentions in terms of warm commendation his meekness, humility, and moderation ; tells us that he was " Civil beyond all furms of breeding ; in his behaviour very tem- perate, eating little, and sleeping less, though a bulky person. . . . He had an extraordinary gift in opening the Scriptures, but. above all, excelled in prayer. The reverence and solemnity oj his address and behaviour, and the ferventness and fulness of his words, often struck sti'angers with admiration." Fox, Henry. 1. New Diet, in French and Eng., Lon., 1769, 12mo. 2. View of Univ. Mod. Hist., 476-1648, trans. from the French of Chev. Mehegan, 1779, 3 vols. Svo. " EIiHjueot aud animated style, and philosophical and impartial spirit." Fox, Henry Richard, third Lord Holland, nephew of Charles James Fox. 1. Some Account of the Life and Writings of Lope Felix de Vega Carpio, Lon., 1806, Svo; 2d ed., with a Life of Guillen de Castro, 1817, 2 vols. Svo. '■This is evidently the work of a person of taste and intelligence, not much accustomed to write with a view to publication. It is composed in an easy conversational style, with very little of the getting up of authorship, or the parade of literary accomplish- ments. It is written, however, in a very pleasing and lively man- ner, and indicates great good sense and liberality of sentiment; although the want of pretension is sometimes carried the length of carelessness, and the want of method is sometimes productive of considerable embarrassment." — Lokd Jeffrey : hXUn. Bcv.. ix. 224-242. '-It is a pleasant book, and contains a good notice of both its subjects, and judicious ciiticisms on their works; i)ut it is quite as interesting for the glimpses it gives of the fine accomplishments and generous spirit of its author, who spent some time in Spain when he was about thirty years old. and never afterwards ceased to take an interest in its affairs and literature. . . . An excellent abstract of it [in the play of The 8tar of Seville] in its original state, and faithful translations of parts of it, are to be found in Lord Ili-illand's Lite of Lope. . . . For notices of him [JovenallosJ see. . . . Lord Holland's Life of Lope de A'ega, 1S17, Tom. II., where is a beautiful tribute to him, worthy of Mr. Fox's nephew." — Ticlnor's Hist, of Spanish Lit., 2d ed.. ii. 121. 205; iii. .'504. But whoever would understand the Life and Times of Lope do Vega, and indeed of Spanish authors generally, 625 FOX FOX must consult the invaluable volumes of Mr. Ticknor him- self. See Ticknor, George. 2. Three Cmedies from the Spanish, 1807, 8vo. And see article Fox. Rt. Hon. CnARLES James. No. 6, and IIoLLANn, Henry Richard Varrall. third Lord. Fox, J, 1. Tancred ; a Tale of Ancient Times, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Sancta Maria; a Romance. 1787. Fox, or Foxe, John, 1517-1587, the Martyrologist. a native of Boston, Lincolnshire, was educated at Bra- senose Coll., Oxf., where he attiiined great distinctif Martyrs. The first druft of it was an octavo volume, pub. at Strasbourg, 1554, in Latin, entitled, Commentarii rerum in Ecclesite Gestarum, maximarum- que per totem Europam persecutiooem a Wielavi teuipori- bus ad banc usque setatara dcscriptarum ; in one book. Reprinted, with 5 other bonks, at Basil, 1551). fol. On the accession of Elizabeth he returned home, was pen- sioned by his former pupil, now fourth Duke of Norfolk, and through Secretary Cecil received a prebend in the Church of Salisbury. No office in the church would have been thought too good for him, had he been willing to forget scruples to which he adhered with self-denying per- tinacity. He refused to subscribe to some of the canons, and boldly petitioned the Queen on behalf of the German Anabaptists. He spent the rest of his days in great esteem for his profound learning, sincere piety, and unfeigned humility, and died, amidst the blessings of the nation, in 1587, in his 70th year. He pub. a number of theolog. treatises, tables of Grammar, the Latin play of Do Christo triumphante, *-r-0, for a list of which see Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.; Chand- ler's Life of Johnson. " His writin-rs evince a clearness of perception, cnpipusness of invcnfii'n. livt'liuess of imagination, and soundness of judgment." Foxell, John. 1. Serm. on Lord Nelson, 1S06. Foxle, George. Groans of the Spirit in the Trial of the Truth of Prayer, Lon., 1639. Svo. Foxley, Thomas. Serm., 1756, Svo. Foxon, Wm. A Brief Discovery rel. to the Infinite Being and Reigning of God in Mankind. Foxton, Rev. Frederick J,, perpetual Curate of Stoke, Prior, and Docklow. Herefordshire. Popular Chris- tianity, Lon., 1849, p. Svo. '• His book appears to us to contain many just and profound views of the reli^'ioas character of the present age. and its indica- tions of propiress." — Z>m. Piosprrtiff Kfv., Km\ 1849. Foxton, Thomas, Moral Songs for Children, 1728. P'oxwell, W. Primitive State of Adam, 1807, Foye, Kcv. M, W. Early Iri.-h Church, 2d ed.. Lon., 18-f5, 12mo. New ed.. 1S5I. 2. Romish Rites, offices and legends. This forms Gibson's Preservative, Suppl. 7; 2d ed., 1S51. p. Svo. Foyster, J. G. Serras., Lon., lS2(i, Svo. Franipton, Algjernon, M.D. Robert Thomas's Mo- dern Practice of Physic. 11th ed.. Lon., 1853, 2 vols. Svo. Frampton, John. 1. Joyfull Newes out of the new founde Worhle, Lon., 1577, '80, '9ti, 4to. From the Span- ish of Monardi. 3d ed., printed with No. 4, 2, Ports, Creekes, Bayes, and Hauens of the W. Indies, from the Castill tongue, 1578, 4to. 3. Trans, of the Travels of Marco Polo, 1579, 4to. 4. The Bezoar Stone, Ac. 15S0, 4to. Printed with No. 1. 5. Arte of Navigation, from the Spanish of P. de Medina. 15S1, fol.; 1595. 4to. Frampton, Matthew, LL.D, Serms., 1769, '76, 4to. Frampton, Th. Serm., 1712, Svo. Framton, G. Election for Dorset, 1S07. Svo. Franchorc, Gabriel, b. 17S(),at Montreal. Travels in Oregon; 1st ed. in French, 1819-20. English trans., N. York. 1854. FranciUon, F. Essay on Punctuation, Lon., 1842, fp. Svo. "A treatise which we can safely recommend. . . . The work also bears evident marks of considerable learning.'' — Oxf. Univ. Herald. See Day, Wm. ; Wjlson, John. FranciUon, John. Of a Scarabasus, 1795, 4to. Francis. 10 Semis.. 1771, I2uio. Francis, Anne, d. ISnO. an English lady. 1. A Po- etical Trans, of the Song of Solomon, from the original Hebrew, Lon., 1781, 4to. "The versification is smooth and lively. The plan of the poem is constructed on the principles of Ilarmer's Outline, to whom, and to Parkhurst. she is indebted for many of her notes and illus- trations." — Orme's Bihl. Bih. " Her version is eleprantly executed." — Home's Bihl. Bn't. 2. Obsequies of Demetrius Poliorcetes; a Poem. 17S5, 4to. .3. Charlotte to Werter, 178S, 4to. 4. Miscell. Poems, 1790, 12mo. F'rancis, B, 1. Elegy, Lon., 1771, 4to. 2. Poem, 1786, Svo. Francis, C, of Wath. Serm,, 1788, Svo. Francis, Charles. Union with Ch, of Eng., 1S07, 4to. Francis, Convers. 1. Life of John Eliot in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st Series, v. 1. 2. Life of Sebastian Rale, in 2d Series, vii. 157. Francis, Eliza S« Sir Willibert de Waverley, or the Bridal Eve; a Puem, Lon., 1815. Svo. Francis, F. lutroduc. to Geography, Lon., 1812. Francis, F, J, Two Lectures on Physical and Fos- sil Geology. Lon.. 1S.*J9, p. Svo. "The Lectures are carefully corrected, clearly written, and will prove a vahial'le addition to the existing elementary works on one of the most interestinfj and important of the physical sciences." — Lon. fiTew Mfmihly Mag. 2. Orig. Designs for Churches and Chapels, 1841, imp. 4to. Francis, George Hy. 1. The Duke of Wellington's Maxims and Opinions, Lon., 1845, Svo. '■ It is the most compendious, the most agreeable, and. all things consideri'd. the best. b< ok that has been published respecUng tbe Duke of \\ ellinytou." — Luit. Tiinns. FRA 2. Orators of the Age, 1847, p. 8vo. "No man livini; has had such admirable opportunities of oh- serTiDg our rarliamentary orators, or has evinced so much fitness for the very delicate task of treating each man after his deserts. y,'e commend the volume to general attention for its truthfulness, its exceeding good taste, and its very pleasant style."— i'm. Pic- ioi-ial Ttmfs. 3. Critical Biographies : B. Disraeli ; the late Sir Ro- bert Peel, 1852, 12iuo; Lord Brougham, 1853, 12mo. Opinions anil Policy of the Rt. Hon. Viscount Palmer- Etou. with Memoir, 1852, 8vo. " This work ought to have a place in every political library. It gives a complete view of the sentiments and opinions by which the policy of Lord Palmerston has been dictated as a diplomatist and statesman." Francis, Henry. Serm., Lon., 1723, 8vo. Francis, J. G. Notes from a Journal kept in Italy and Sicily, 1844-46, with S Illust., Lon., 1847, 8vo "He [Mr Francis] is an active and enterprising traveller. He has a good taste in art. a keen relish for the beauties of nature, a knowledge of history, acquired by reflecting as well as reading, an observing eye for mankind, and, what is more, a sympathy with them."— inn. Speclalor. Francis, J. T., M.D. Change of Climate considered as a Remedy in Dyspeptic, Pulmonary, and other Chronic Affections, Lon., 1S55, p. 8vo. " Proceeds from the pen of a well-informed practitioner and an accomplished gentleman, well acquainted with the subject upon which he treats."— imi. Lancet. „ , ^. , „ '•.\ very meritorious production." — Lon, Med. Times and Ooj. Francis, John, LL.D., minister of St. John's, Nor- wich. Serin., 1746, 4to. Francis, John, Vicar of Lekeham. 1. Serms., 1764, '66 '67, '70. 2. Reflections on David, 1765, 8vo. Francis, John, LL.D., Rector of Morley, Suffolk. Serins., 1773, 2 vols. 12mo. Francis, John. 1. Hist, of the Bk. of England, Lon., 1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 3d ed.. 1848. 2. Chronicles and Cha- racters of the London Stock Exchange, 1S49, 8vo. '■ All the great operations that have taken place relating to the funds, lotteries, loans, bribes, speculative manias, and panics, are faithfully delineated; and Mr. Francis has brought together such a variety of interesting anecdotes and historical facts as were never before collected." — Lnn. Banh-ers Afng. " A volume at once the most Interesting and the most terrible in modern Knglish literature."- ruiCs Ulin. Mig. •' No romance whatever has yet been constructed from materials of deeper interest."— S/actwcO'i's Mag. 3. Hist, nf the English Railway, 1820-45, 1S51, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Annals, Anecdotes, and Legends of Life Assurance, 1853, p. 8vo. Francis, John W., M.D., LL.D., one of the most dis- tinguislied of American physicians and men of letters, b, FRA of the science and erudition of their race. The ardent thirst for knowledge, tho acuteness of perception, and breadth of comprehension, which distinguished the young American, did not escape the notice nor fail to elicit the approbation of his distinguished European friends. »■ A mind more ardent in the pursuit of useful knowledge, writes the late Patrick Colquhoun, '• perhaps never existed; and I have no doubt he will, in a few years, st;ind at the head of his profession." See Life of Eddy, by S. L. Knapp. Upon the return of the young traveller to New York, ho was ,appointed Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the College of Physicians and Surgeons ; and, on the death of Dr. Stringh.am in 1817, succeeded that gentleman in the department of Medical Jurisprudence. Two years later he became Professor of Obstetrics, in addition to his former duties, and held this appointment until 1S26, when he re- signed at the same time with his colleagues, Drs. Hosack, Mott, McNevin, and Mitchill. A majority of the professors who had resigned from the College of Physicians and Surgeons organized a new in- BtitutTon under the name of Rutgers Jledical College, and its success was so great that at the end of four terms the Legislature closed the doors of the last-named institution. In the Rutgers Medical College Dr. Francis was chosen Professor of Obstetrics and Forensic Medicine, and his classes were crowded with students from different parts of the republic, attracted by his great and growing reputa- tion. For other particulars connected with the life of this eminent physician, useful citizen, and public benefactor in many senses, we must refer the reader to the source to which we are indebted for tho facts above stated. — the bio- graphy of Dr. Francis in the National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans, vol. iv., Phila., 1S53, 8vo. See also New England Magazine, vol. vii. ; Griswold's Prose Writers of America; Men of the Time, N. York, 1852; a review of Dr. Francis's literary works in the Southern Quarterly Review, xix. 226 ; and Knickerbocker Magazine, Aug. ISoS, for a sketch of Dr. Francis, with a steel portrait. We annex a list of Dr. Francis's writings ; 1. An Inaugural Dissertation on Memory, N.Y., 1811, 8vo, pp. 56. 2. Cases of Morbid Anatomy, 1814, 4to, pp. 36. 3. Letter on Febrilo Contagion, 1816, 8vo, pp. 24. 4. Notice of Thos. Eddy, the Philanthropist, 1823. 12mo, pp. 10. 5. Dr. T. Deuman's Prac. of Midwifery, with Notes, Ac, 1825, Svo. 6. Aildress before the N.Y. Horti- cult. Society, 1S3U, 8vo, pp. 34. 7. Address before the Philoxian Society, 1831, Svo, pp. 43. 8. Letter on Cholera Asphyxia of 1832, Svo, 1832, pp. 35. 9. Observations on the Mineral Waters of Avon, 1834, 8vo, pp. 36. 10. Dis- course before the N.Y. Lyceum of Natural History, 1841, 1789, in the city of New York, is the son of Melchior ] g^j,^ pp, 93. n. Discourse before the N.Y. Academy of Francis, a native of Germany, who settled in America about 1784. The subject of this memoir enjoyed as a youth the learned preceptorship of George Strebeck and i John Conroy, distinguished for their attainments in the classical and mathematical departments. In 1809 he gra- duated at Columbia College, from which in 1812 he re- ceived the degree of Master of Arts. In 1807, whilst still an uuder-griuluate, he commenced the study of medicine under the eye of tho celebrated Dr. Hosack, and gained the warm approbation of his discriminating tutor by his assiduous devotion to the object of his pursuit. " During the period of his professional studies for four collegiate years, he never absented himself from a single lecture, nor attended one without making notes or abstracts on the subject taught by the lecturer." What an example is this to the students of the present day, and how great has been the reward, in large stores of professional erudition, in public esteem, and national repu- tation, of the hours thus devoted to the acquisition of use- ful knowledge ! In 1811 tho laborious student received from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of N. York, organized in 1807, the degree of M.D. ; and, a few months later, received from his old preceptor. Dr. Hosack, the offer of a co-partnership in business. This flattering offer was indeed the highest compliment that coubl be paid to the talents and acquire- ments of the young physician, and was of course accepted. The connection thus formed lasted until 1S20. In 1813 Dr. Francis was appointed lecturer on the Institutes of Medicine and Materia Mcdica in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and laboured with great zeal in the discharge of his arduous duties. Anxious to trans- plant to his native soil whatever was valuable in the re- nowned medical schools of Europe, he left homo for a tour in Scotliind, Ireland, Holland, and France, and derived profitable themes of meditation and practice from the friendly converse of the celebrated Gregory, Jainiesnn, McCartney, Denon, Gall, Cuvier, and other lienefaetors 626 Medicine, 1847, Svo, pp. 112. 12. Inaugural Address he- fore the N.Y. Academy of Medicine, 1848, Svo, pp. 23. 13. Address before the N.Y. Acad, of Med. on the Election of Prof Mott, 1849, Svo, pp. 8. 14. Address before the Typographical Society of N.Y". on Dr. Franklin, 1850, Svo. 15. Before do. on the Publishers, Printers, and Editors of N.Y'. In International Mag., edited by Dr. Griswold, 1851. 16. Old New York; or, Reminiscences of the Past Sixty Years, N.Y., 1857, Svo ; 2d ed., enlarged, 1858, 12mo. "Dr. Francis writes as he might bare told the story in suc- cessive sittings, bound by no prearranged order, but letting each name or topic suggest that which succeeds. The style is collo- quial. —by which we do not mean slipslinrt. but unartiticial,— tlie style in vvliich one may talk who adds to tho fluent speech that is the gift .and grace of nature the culture of a scholar and a gentle- man." — A. P. Pe.vbody, D.D.: N. Amer. Rev., July, IS08. Also reviewed in Lon. Athen., July 10, 1858, No, 1602. 17. Numerous biographical articles in divers works, medical papers in different journals, Ac. 18. The Ame- rican Medical and Philosophical Register, ISll. "12, '13, '14, Svo : edited by David Hosack, M.D., and Prof. John W.' Francis, M.D." 19. The N.Y. Medical and Physical Journal, 1822, '23, '24, Svo: edited by John W. Francis, M.D., Jiihn B. Beck. M.D., Jacob Dyckman, M.D. " For forty years he has been engaged in the most active exer- cise or professional duties in his native city. But amid the inces- smt avocations of a large practice. Dr. Fr.ancis has found time to manifest his interest in, and genius for, the liberal studies. In a series of atile discourses delivered before various literary and scien- tific liodies, he has illustrated the value and charms of horticul- ture, the fine arts, American biography, history, and science. lie is identified with the city of .New York more prominently than any individual in the same professional sphere. He is always consulted in questiiais of local and personal interest, and his cooperation is deemed essential on occasions of municipal festivity, literary ana scientific anniversaries, and charitable enterprises."— J/en itf t''« Tim.: N. Yi.rk. 1S52, P2mo. . v 1 . ■■ I n his social character Dr. Francis represents an almost obsolets class. He is emphatically a New Yorker in his feelings and assiv ciations. The frauk hospitality of tho early colonists is combined around his fireside with the discursive intercourse of the savant FRA FRA and the patriotic sentiment of the citizen. In American history anJ lii(itjia[thy he is an oracle, and has beon an efficient member of all th-' iii-stttiitions originated to advance the interests of litera- ture an'I s.ii'iicf in his native city. Witli enlarged benevolence, auiind nnwi'iuieil in inquiry, constant association witli men and books, and an ardent love of knowledge as well as friend>lii|) for its promoters, Dr. Francis tinds time, even amidst the unceasing claims of an extensive practice, thus to identify his name with the progress of the age and the literature of his country." — JS'ational Jhrlrait-G^tUeri/ uf DLtinguished Aimricans, vol. iv., 1S53, 8vo. Francis, Philip. The Mistiemeanours of a Traytor and Treasurer discovered; an answer to C. Vaughan, 1644. 4tu. Francis, Philip, d. 1773, son of the Rector of St. Marv't^. L>iihlin, resided fur many years and died in Eng- land. 1. A Poet, trans, of the books of Horace, first pub. probably about 1743; 8th ed., 177S, 4 vols. Svo. ''The lyrical part of Horace never can be properly translated; go much of the excellence is in the numV-ei-s and the expression. Francis has dnne it the best: 111 take his, five out of six, against them all." — Dr. Samuel Johxsox. 2. Eugenia; a Trag., Lon., 1752, Svo, 3. Constantine; a Trag.. 1753, Svo. "As a diamatic writer Dr. Francis was not very successful; having written only two pieces.which were both coldly received." — Bif>g. Drattutt. 4. Trans, of the Orations of Demosthenes, 1753-55, 2 vols. 4to. " Applauded as a difficult work well executed and acceptable to every friend of genius and literature; but its success was by no means correspondent to the wishes of the author or his friends." Dr. Francis was at one time supposed to be the author of the Letters of Junius: see Junius. Pee Chesterfield's Letters and Miscellanies; Boswell's Johnson ; Chalmers's Eiog. Diet. Francis, Sir Philip, 1740-1818, son of the preced- ing, was a native of Dublin, and educated under the eve of his father, and at St. Paul's School, London. After visiting Portugal in 1760, in company with Lord Kinnnul, the B^ili^h Envoy, and holding a clerkship in the War Office, which he resigned in 1772, he went in 1774 to India, where he became a member of the council of Bengal. Brought into contact with that disgrace to the British name — that man of violence and blund — Warren Hastings, Francis opposed his measures, and a controversy ensued which resulted in a duel, in which the latter was wounded. He returned to England in 17SI, was chosen M. P. for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, in 17S4, received the order of the Bath in 18(16, and died in 1818. He pub. a number of political Speeches, Remarks on the defence of Warren Hastings, Letters ou the E. India Company, Reflections on the Currency, Ac., 1784—1814. These were but of tem- porary interest, and are now forgotten; but the name of Sir Philip Francis will always occupy .a prominent place among literary men, in consequence of the persuasion en- tertained by many that he was the author of the famous Letters of Junius. But this is by no means a settled point, and we think that the claims put forward on behalf of Sir Philip Francis are now less readily allowed than tbcy were some twelve or fifteen years past. We do not. however, by this rem.ark intend to express any opinion of our own upon the subject. We shall best discharge our duty by indicating to the reader the ?t)nrces of informatiou upon tliis famous controversy. See Junius. Francis, Richard. Maxims of Equity, 1729. '39, '46. Amer. ed., by W. W. Hening, Richmond, 1823, Svo. Francis, Sophia L. Novels, Ac, 1803-09. Francis, W, Farmer's Assist, in computing the value of Land, 1808, 12mo: Franciscus a Sancta Clara. See Davescort, CunisTOpnER. Franck, Richard. 1. Rabbi Mons; or a Philos. Treat, on tlic Origin of Things. Written in America. Lon., IGS7, 8vo. 2. Northern Memoirs, &e., with the Contem- plative and Practical Angler. Writ in 1658, 1694, Svo. New ed., with Preface and Notes by Sir Walter Scott, 1821. Svo. Sir Walter Scott humorously signs the preface as one who is "No fisher. But a well-wisher To the game.'' *' Franck's conte.sts with the salmon are painted to the life, and his directions to anglei-s in that noble branch of the art. whit-h ex- ceeds all otber uses of the anglinj^^-rod as much as fox-huntin;; exceeds hare-hunting, arc generally given with great judgment." — Editor. See Retrosp. Rev., and Censura Literaria, 1S23, Svo, 270-294, ISlo; iv. 270-272. Francklin. Two Discourses, Lon., 1683, 4to. FrauckHn,(29 FRA FHA him frnra school when only ten years of age. ami set the future philosopher to work at *' cutting wicks for the caniUes, filling the inouhlti for cast candies, attending the shop, going of errands," Ac. If we at first feel inclined to blame the father for so soon ilepriving his son of the benefits of schooling, we must remember that the good lalluw-chnndler was straitened iu circumstances, and liad the expenditures of a large family to provide for from a business probably incapable of much profitable extension. His occupation was extremely distasteful to him, and he felt a strong inclination to exchange it for the roving life of a sailor, but paternal prudence prevented the consum- mation of this prujei-t. His father allowed the ynuth to abandon a trade for which he evinced so strong an aver- sion, and bound him apprentice to his brotlier James, who had recently (in 1717) returned from London, and esta- blished a printing-office in ]j".stnn. Young Franklin soon became an adept in his new business, and doubtless was stimuhited by the nature of his duties to that love for reading which remained with him through life. Among his favourite works were The Pilgrim's Pro- gress. Plutarch's Lives, Burton's Historical Collections, an odd volume of The Spectator, and Cotton Mather's Essays to do Good. The perusal of this last wurk had so great an effect upon his future life that we shall be excused for quoting from a letter from Dr. Franklin, written after he had attained great eminence, to a son of Cotton Mather: '•When I was a boy, I met a book entitled Essays to do Good, which I think was written by your father. It had been so little regarded by its former possessor that several leaves nf it were torn out, but the remainder g-ive me such a turn of thinkin;^:. as to have an influence upon my conduct throu-jh life; for I have always Bet a greater value on the fhai-acter of a doer of good than any other kind of reputation : and if I have been, as you seem to think. a useful citizen, the public owes all the advantage of it to that book." We may remark, as a comment to the above, that the first edit, of the Essays to do Good was pub. in 1710, 12mo, In 1807, 12mo, it was repub. by the Rev. George Border, who detracted greatly from its value by making such altera- tions in the style as he thought would "render it more agreeable to a modern render," — changing " many quaint and obsolete words and phrases for others more intelligible and pleasant." This is as intolerable as the modern ver- sions of Chaucer and .Spenser. Carrying out this bright idea, Mr. Burder favours us with no less than three hun- dred "improvements" on the first eighteen pages! But we are happy to state that the Massachusetts S. School Society have recently (Boston, 1845, ISmo) issued an exact reprint of the original ; the latter is now so scarce that a copy was recently sold iu Boston for six dollai's. The new edit, is pub. at a low price, and should be circulated by thousands and tens of thousands through the land. If the whole of the seed thus sown shall produce but one more Franklin, the expenditure will be richly repaid. But to return to the subject of our memoir. Among young Franklin's first literary eflTorts were some specimens of ballad poetry, which he printed, and sold himself in the streets of Boston : " One was railed Tlie Light-Hotise Tragedy, and contained an ac- count of the shipwreck of Captain Wortbilalce with his two daug:h- ters; the other was a sailor's Kong, on the takiug of the Jamous Teach, or Blachbeard the pirate. They were wretched stuff, in street-ballad style; and when they were printed, my brother sent me about the town to sell them. The first sold prodisriously, the event being recent, and havinp made a preat noise. This success flattered my vanity; but my father discouraged me by crilicisin-j; my performances, and telling me verse-makers weie generally beg- gars. Thus I escaped beiug a poet, and probably a very bad one." "—Aiifobingraphy. The autobiography from which we have quoted is, or should be, familiar to all of our readers, and a repetition will not be expected here. To this work, and to Dr. Jnred Sparks's continuation of his Life, we must refer the reader for interesting particulars connected with the career of this extraordinary man and his important contributions to human knowledge. A rapid summary of the jirincipal incidents in his lile is all that our space will allow. In 172.3, disgusted with the continued severity of his brother's treatment of him, he removed to Philadelj)liia, where he obtained emplo3'mcnt with a printer named Keimer, and devoted himself to his business with great industry and intelligence. Having made the acquaintance of Sir William Keith, then Governor of Pennsylvania, he en- couraged him to establish a printing-office for himself. As his father did not second this proposal, Sir William sent him to London in 1724 to select tbe proper stock for a small printing-establishment. Unable to accomplish the object jf his visit, he worked at his trade in London for about 63U two years, and then returned to Philadelphia. It was whilst still in Lnnsue of bills amounting to eighty thousand pounds. In the same year he purchased from Keimer the Pennsylvania Gazette, the 1st Nt>. of which bears date Dee. 24, 172S. Franklin ami ^Meredith's first issue was No. 40. Through the columns of tbis jermit an individual to join the public voice iuexprebslug FRA his sense of them; and to assure you, that as no one entei-tains more respect for your character, so nuue can salute you with more sincerity or with greater pleasure than I do on the occasion. *i am — dear sir, " Your most obt. " and most Hble. Servt., "ti. Washington. "The Ilnn'ble DocT. Franklin." He tJlleil the dignified office of President of the Com- monwcalili of Pennsylvaniii from 1785 to 17SS, and in 17S7 sat ttilh Washington and Hamilton in the Federal Convention which framed the Constitiitiun of the United States. His last public act was to sign his name, as Pre- sident of the Abolition Society, to a memorial to Congress, and the last paper which he composed was on the same subject. He died of a disease of the lungs, after a short illness, on the 17th of April, 1790. We have already referred to the religious opinions of this eminent philosopher as " latitudinarian," and we know not that we could have selected a better word. Nothing can bo fairer, in this connexion, thau to quote his own words, in a letter to Dr. Stiles, dated March 9, 1790, but a few weeks before his death : " As to Jesus of Nazareth, my ophiion of whom you particularly desire, I think the system of morals and bis reli.^ion, as he left them to us, the best the world ever saw, or is likely to see; but I apprehend it has received various corrupting changes; and I have, with most of the present dissenters in England, sume doubts as to his divinity."' " It may not be unnecessary to remark, that if we may credit Dr. Priestley. Dr. Franklin was not correct in estimating the senti- ments of a majority of the dissenters ia Engluud." — rRKsiDENT Allen. When Thomas Paine proposed to publish his infamous Age of Reason, Franklin wrote to him, "I would advise you not to attempt unchaining the tiger, but to buru this piece before it is seen by any other person. If men are so wicked with religion, what would they be without it?" A notice, however cursory, of the religious opinions of Benjamin Franklin, would be hardly just if it omitted to notice a memorable declaration made by him, on an august occasion, of his profound belief in the overruling provi- dence of Almighty God. His celebrated speech in the Convention for forming a Constitution for the United States, when supporting his motion fur providing daily prayer in the Convention, was in these words : "In the beginning of the contest with Britain, when we. tvrre sensible of danger, we had daily prayers in this room for the Divine protection. Our piayers, sir. were "beard. and they were graciously answered. All of us who were engaged in the struggle must have observed frequent instances of a superintending Providence in our favour. To that kind Providence we owe thts happy opportunity of consulting in peace on the means of establishing our futinr na- tional felicity. And have we now forgotten this powerful frinnd? or do we imagine we no longer need His assistance? I have Hvd, ti}\alongUine,[ii\ years;] and th^- longer I live. Vie more cuvmcmg proofs I sec of this truth, that God gova-ns in the affairs of man. And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without His notice, is it probable that an empire can lise without His aid? AVe have beeu assured, sir, in the sacred writings, 'that except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it.' 1 tiinily be- lieve this; and I also believe that without Ilis concurring aid. we shall succeed in this political building no better than the builders Of Babel; we shall be divided by our little partial local interests; our projects will be confounded; and we ourselves shall become a reproach and a by-word down to future ages. And what is worse, mankind may herejifter, from this unfortunate instance, despair of establishing government by human wisdom, and leave it to chance, war, or conquest. I therefore beg leave to move that henceforth prayers, imploring the assistance of Heaven and its hlefsing on our deliberations, be held in this assembly every morning before we proceed to business; and that one or more of the clergy of this city be requested to officiate in that service." His death was sincerely mourned both in Europe and America. *' Mirabeau announced in the General Assembly of France that *the genius which had freed America, and poured a flood of light over Europe, had returned to the bosom of the Divinity.' 'Every- where,' to use the language of Koebefoucauld. ' he was the object of the regrets, as he had been of the admiration, of the friends of liberty.'" Turgot celebrated his discoveries in electricity, and his labours in bchiilf of freedom, in the striking line written by him under Franklin's portrait; '■ El ipuit cwlo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis." The history of this celebrated line need not here be re- peated. His E.xperiments and Observations on Electricity, made at Philadeliihia, [proving that lightning and electricity are the same,] and communicated in several Letters to Mr. P. Collinson of London, were pub. in that city in 1751, '53, '54, 3 Pts. 4to. They were not originally designed for publication, but Collinson thought them too important to be withheld. The public interest in these experiments justified CoUinson's anticipations. " Notbiug," says Priest- FRA ley, "was ever written on the subject more justly applauded- All the world, even kings, flocked to see them, and retired full of admiration." They were tested with eminent suc- cess by M. de Loz, in Paris, I'y M. Beccaria, in Turin, by Richmann, in Russia, and by philosophers in various coun- tries. Professor Richmann, as if to rebuke his temerity, was struck dead, in the midst of his investigations, by the formidable element which he had chosen for a plaything. The 4th edit, of his letters and papers on electricity, en- larged by essays on variims philosophical subjects, appeared in 1769, 4to. This edit., and the 5th, which was pub. five years later, is supposed by Dr. Sparks to have received some degree of attention from the author, who was then in London. Translations of his writings were made into Latin, French, Italian, and German, and appeared in va- rious parts of Europe. In 1772 M. Dubourg made a new collection of Franklin's writings, including some not be- fore printed, and pub. them at Paris. 2 vols. 4to. In 1779 another collection was pub. in London, consit^ting of Po- litical. Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces. These, few of which were in print before, were edited by Benja- min Vaughan, an intimate friend and correspondent of the author. In 1787 a selection from the above edits, was pub. in a thin 8vo. In 179.3 there appeared in London what is called The Works of Dr. Franklin, in 2 vols. ; in 179S a selection of his pieces was pub. in Paris, 2 vols. Svo; and in ISOH an edition, superintended by a Mr. Marshall, w.is issued in Lon- don, in 3 vols. Svo. In 1816-19 edits, were pub. iu Eng- land and the United States, by William Temple Franklin, grandson of the author, and Mr. AVilliara Duane of Phila- delphia, (also a descendant of Dr. Franklin,) first in 3 vol3. 4to, (Lou.,) subsefiuentlv in 6 vols. Svo, Lon., 1S18; also iu 1S33; Phila., ISIS, the Phila. ed., in 6 vols. Svo, con- tains some ])ai)ers and letters not to be found in the Lon. ed. It ha? licen reprinted in 2 vids. r. Svo. There is a Lon. ed. of his Life and Writings. ISIS. 2 vols. Svo. There has been rcpub. at Paris, in 2 vols., a selection from Franklin's writings in Spanish, translated from the French by Man- gino. Further particulars respecting the eds. of Franklin's writings will be found in the Preface to Sparks's ed., Bos- ton, 1836-40, to which we are indebted for many of the facts now stated. New ed. of the same, thoroughly revised, with additions and new illustrations. Phila.. 1858, 10 vols. Svo. This edition is the only complete one. and contains about six hundred and fifty letters and miscellaneous papers (more thau one-third of the whole bulk of the new ed.) not to be i'ound in any other collection. Of these, upwards of four hundred and sixty had never been printed. The Familiar Letters of Franklin, pub. in 1833 by Dr. Sparks, are included in this ed.. and magazines, pamphlet?^, and newspapers have been industriously exa- mined, and no printed paper omitted which is known to have been written by Franklin. The number of books, papers, &c. — excluding letter.s — is no less than 304! " In classifying these materials, the following arrangement haa been adopted : '•1. Autobiography. "2. Essays on Religious and Moral Subjects and the Economy of Life. ''3. Essays on General Politics. Commerce, and Polit. Economy. "4! Essai, s and Tracts, Uistorical and Political, before the Ame- rican Hevolution. " 5. Political Papers during and after the American Revolution. " 6. Letteis and Papers on Electricity. "7. Letters and Papers on Philosophical Subjects. '■8. Correspondence. " Under each head all the artiiles have been placed in the order in which they were written, nlth the date of each prefixed wher- ever Ibis could be ascertained. The Correspondecce i.s also printed in chnmological order from beginning to end, without regard to the contents of the letters. This method was believed to be pre- ferable to any atteqipt at a classification, because in numernus in- stances a t^ingle letter treats of various subjects, both of a political and of a private nature." — Preface. We need not dwell upon the great value of the learned editor's notes and historical remarks, which illustrate the text. Dr. Sparks has not forgotten the great importance of a copious index to a work of this character— to a good work of any character. He gives us. indeed, no less than five indexes, viz.: Index. I. A List of the Author's Writ^ ings, chronologically arranged. II. Letters written by Franklin to Individuals and Public Bodies. II L Letters addressed to Franklin by Various Persons. IV. Miscel- laneous Letters, V. General Index. Can any collector of American history do without such a noble set of volumes as this? As regards minor publications, Franklin's autobio- graphy has been frequently pub. in America and England, and we have edits, of his Life by HoUey, Stanley. Weema, 631 FRA and Weld, and sundry compilations from his writin^f. On this eminent philosopher and statfsman — of whom Lord Brougham declares that "his genius ranks him with the Galileos and the Newtons of the Old World," and i.f whom Mirabeau does not scruple to assert, "Antiquity would have raised altars to this mighty genius," — it would be easy to quote pages of panegyric : but our space allows of but brief citation. At the conclusion of this article, however, we shall refer the reader to other papers upon the fertile themes of Franklin and bis discoveries. " A singular felicity of induction guuted all his lepearchea. and by very Piiiall means he estahlished very grand truths. The style and maimer of his publication on electricity are almost as worthy of admiration as the doctrine it contains. He has endeavoured to remove nil mystery and obscurity from the subject. lie has wiit^ ten eriually for the uninitiated and for the philosopher: and he has rendered bis details amusing and perspicuous, elegant as well as simple. Science appears in his language in a dress wonderfully decorous, best adapted to display her native loveliness. He has in no instance exhil»ited that false dignity by which philosophy is kept aloof from common applications; and he has sought rather to make her a useful inmate and servant in the common habita- tions of man, than to preserve her mei'ely as an object of admira- tion in temples and palaces." — Siit Humpury Davy. "This self-taught American is the most rational, perhaps, of all philosophers. He never loses sight of common sense in any of his speculations: and when his philosophy dues not consist entirely in its fair and vigorous application, it is aUvtiy.? regulated and con- trolled by it in its application and result. No individual, perhaps, ever possessed a juster understanding, or was so seldom obstructed iu the use of it by indolence, enthusiasm, or authority. . . . The distinguishing feature of his understanding was great .soundness and sagacity; combined with extraordinary quickness of penetra- tion. He possessed also a strong and lively imairinalion. which gave his speculations, as well as his condui-t, a singularly original turn. The peculiar charm of his writings, and his great merit also in action, consisted in the clearness with which he saw his object, — and the bold and steady pursuit of it. by the surest and the shortest road. He never suffered himself, in conduct, to be turned aside by the seductions of interest or vanity, or to be scared hy hesitation and fear, or to be misled by the arts of bis adversa- ries. Neither did he, in disi-ussion, ever go out of his way in search of ornament, or stop shurt from dread of the consequences. He never could be cau^rht, in short, acting absurdlv. or writing nonsensically : at all times, and in every thing he uudertocik, the vigour of an understanding at once original and practical was distinctly perceivable. " But it must not be supposed that his writincs are devoid of ornament or amusement. The latter especiully aUiunds in almost all he ever composed: only nothin;; is sacrificed to them. On the contrary, they come most naturally into their places; and they uniformly help in the purpose in hand, of which neither writer nor reader ever loses sight for an instant. Thus, his style has all the vigour and even conciseness of Swift, without any of his harsh- ness. It is in no degree more flowery, yet both elegant and lively. The wit, or rather humour, which prevails in his works, varies with the subject. Sometimes he ia bitter aud sarcastic; often gay and even droll: reminding us, in this respect, far more frequently of Addison than of Swift, as might naturally be expected from his admirable temper, or tlie happy turn of his investi'.'ation. . . . Upon the whole, we look upon the life and writings of Dr. Franklin as affording a striking illustration of the incalculable value of a eound and well-directed understanding, and of the comparative Tiselessness of learning and laborious accomplishments. Without the slightest pretensions to the character of a scholar or man of science, he has extended the bounds of human knowledge on a variety of subjects, which scholars and men of science had previ- ously investigated without success; and has only been found de- ficient in those studies which the learned have generally turned from in disdain. We would not be understood to say any thing in disparagement of scholarship and science; but the value of these instruments is apt i>) be overrated by their possessors : and it is a wholesome mortifi-ari.in to shew them that the work may be done without them. We have long known that their employment does not insure its success." — Lord Jeffrey ; £izn. Eev., viii. 327-344 : zxviii. 275-302, q. v. These last reflections of Lord Jeffrey hardly require a serious answer. It were as wise to say that the American Indian, whose native talent enables him to fashion his canoe with a rudo flint, could not make a better canoe, and sooner despatch his work, with the steel axe and the sharp tools used by his civilized neighbour. Had Franklin been an educated man, doubtless he would have been enabled to add larger contributions to the stock of human knowledge than those which have immortalized his name. See papers on Franklin, his Correspondence and his Discoveries, in the N. Amer. Rev., vii. 2S9. by A. Norton ; xxxvii. 249, by W. B. 0. Peabody ; lix. 44fi, by Francis Bowen ; Meth. Quar. Rev., vii. 'im, by Wm. 11. Allen ; Lon. Month. Rev.. Ixxxiii. IS, 133, Ixxxviii. 409, cxxxii. 239 : Amcr. Month. Rev., iv. 124. The reader must also peruse John Foster's Review of Dr. Franklin's Private Correspondence, (contrih. to the Lon. Eclec. Rev., and re- pub, in the collective ed. of his contribs. to that periodical,) and Edward Everett's Boyhood and Youth of Franklin. We are glad to observe an announcement of the intended publication (N.Y., lSo9) of Letters to Benjamin Franklin from his Family and Friends : a coUectiou of about eighty con O i/ FRA I original letters, 1751-90. These are in the possession of i Franklin Bathe. M.D., and are being carefully copied and ) annotated by Mr. William Duane, (great-grandsons of Ben- I jaCAin Franklin.) Edition, 260 copies, (Svo, about 250 pp. :) 10 copies on large paper, $10 each. Franklin, Eleanor Ann, 1795-1825, a daughter of Mr. Porden, architect, was married in 1823 to Sir John Franklin, the unfortunate navigator. 1. The Veils; or, The Triumph of Constancy ; a Poem, in six Books, Lon., 1815, Svo. 2. The Arctic Expedition; a Poem, 1813. This poem, suggested by a visit to the hnheUa and Alex- nnder, discovery ships, led to an acquaintance with Sir John Franklin, one of the adventurers, which resulted in marriage. 3. Coeur dc Liou ; an Epic Poem on the third Crusade, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Mrs. Franklin died six days after the departure of her husband on his second expedi- tion. See Franklin, Sir John. Franklin, J. Hist, of anc. and mod. Egypt, from the most authentic records, Lon.. ISllO, 3 vols. 12mo. Franklin, James. A Philos. and Polit. Hist, of the 13 U. States of America, Lon., 1784. 12mo. Franklin, James, Present State of Hayti, Lon., 1828. cr. Svo. "The statements concerning the productions, commerce, re- sources, population, aud govei-nment of Hayti. are minute and particular, and were obt.nined by personal iuquiry during a resi- dence in the West Indies.'' — N. Amer. Kev. Franklin, Sir John, an eminent navigator, b. 1786, at Spilsliy, Lincolnshire, entered the Royal Navy as a midshipman in 1^(10, was present at the battle of Trafal- gar in I80f) and the battle of New Orleans in 1814, and was selected in 1819 to head an expedition overland from Hudson's Bay to the Arctic Ocean. After encountering great hardships, and very frequently at the point of death from hunger and fatigue, he reached home in October, 1822. In the next year he was married to Miss Porden. See Fn.ANKLiN, Eleanor Ann. In 1825 he submitted to Lord Bathurst "a plan for an expedition overland, to the mouth of the Mackenzie river, and thence by sea, to the N. West extremity of America, with the combined object also, of surveying the coast between the Mackenzie and Copper Mine rivers." This proposition was accepted, and, to superintend the expedition, he embarked at Liverpool, February 16, 1825, after the *' severe struggle of taking leave of his wife, whose death, then hourly expected, took place six days after his departure." After encountering great hardships, the moving masses of ice forced the heroic sailors to retrace their steps. Sep- tember 1, 1827, Captain Franklin arrived at Liverpool, married a second time in November of the following year, and in 1829 received the honour of knighthood. The per- severing zeal of Lady Franklin iu stimulating the search for Sir John, for ten years pa.st., is well known to the world. He was greatly disappointed at his unsuccessful attempts to accomplish the object of his voyages ; remark- ing, with reference to his compulsory return in 1827 : '• It W.1S with no ordinary pain that I could now bring myself even to think of relimjuishing the great object of my ambition, [the discovery of a North West passage from the Atlantic to the P.acitic Ocean.] and of disappointing the flattering hopes which had been reposed in my exertions. But I h.ad hiL'her duties to perform than the gratification of my own feelings, and a mature considera- tion of all things forced me to the conclusion that we hati reached that point beyond which perseverance would be rashness and the best efforts would be fruitless." The Montreal Gazette of Sept. 11, 1822, remarks: *'It appears that the toils and sufferings of the expedition have been of the most tryimr description, and that, if they do not ex- ceed belief, they were at least of such a nature as almost to over- come the stoutest heart, and deter all future attempts of a similar tendency." But this writer little knew the iron stuff of which Sir John Franklin was made. I On the 26th of May. 1845, Sir John started upon a third I expedition, in two ships, the Erebus and Terror; he was I heard from on the 26th of July of the same year, and passed his first winter in a cove between Cnpe Riley and Beechey Island. Since that period, many expeditions fro[u England and America have been despatched in search of the adventurer, but it was not until November, 1854, that news reached England which leaves little doubt that I the whole party perished in the winter of 1850-51. See ! London Gent. Mag., Nov. 1854, 479; Dec, 1854, 594-95. Since the above was written, we have further intelligence, — by the return of Mr. James G. Stewart's expedition, de- I spatched by the British Hudson's Bay Company, 18th Nov., 1854; arrived at St. Paul, Minnesota, lOth Dec, 1856. — which places beyond all doubt the loss of Sir John Franklin and his party. Some of their shoes, cooking- FRA FRA utensils, &c., were found among the Esquimaux, who de- clared that they had died of starvation. By a curious coincidence, on the day that we are pen- ning this article, (Oct. 11, 1S65,) the last expedition — sent specially in search of Dr. Kane and his party — which sailed from New York in June, 18o5, has arrived at home. The explorers bring with them Dr. Kane and all of his com- pany save three — a carpenter, a cuok, and a seaman, lost by deatli. The remainder of the party are more or less frost-bitten. Of the last expedition — the steamer (pro- peller) Arctic, Lieut. Simms, and the barque Release, Lieut. Hartstcne^the Arctic (Lieut. Hartstene was on board) made its way north to hit. 78° 'A2', when it was stopped by the ice. The Advance, Dr. Kane's vessel, had been pushed as far north as possible, (.«ee " Geographical Results," below,) when she was frozen in, and of course had to be abandoned. The ship's company were found by the Arctic and Release on the island of Disco. They have been absent from home since May 31, 1853, and are re- ceived with great rejoicings. They have made several important discoveries, and added largely to our knowledge of the inhospitable region the perils and discomforts of which they have so bravely encountered. From a state- ' ment in the New York Tribune of Oct. 12, 1855, we extract the following resume of the results uf Dr. Kane's last voy- age. For an account of his former explorations, see his work noticed at the end of this article. I " GEOORAPHICAL RESULTS. "I.Greenland has been followed ami charted by Dr. Kane to- | ward the Atlantic with a coast-line puinting due north, until a , stupendous glacier abaolutt^ly checked tbt-ir profrress. This mass , of ice rose in a lofty precipice five hundivd feet high, abutting into the sea. It undoubtedly is the only barrier between Greenland ! and the Atlantic. It is an effectual larrier toall future exploration. I '•This glacier, in spite of the difficulty of falling bergs, was ful- I lowed out to sea by means of sledges ; the party rafting themselves across open-water spaces on masses of ice. In this way they suc- ceeded in travelling eighty miles along its base, and traced it into a new northern land. This glacier is, we believe, the largest ever discovered by any navigator. "II. This new land thus cemented to Greenland by protruding ice was named Washiui^ton. The large bay which intervenes be- tween it and Greenland bears the name of Mr. Peabody of Balti- more, one of the projectors of the expedition. This icy connection of the Old and New World seems to us a feature of romantic interest. "III. The range of the sledge journeys may be understood from the fact that the eniire circuit of Smith Sound has been effected and its shores completely charted. But the real discovery of the expedition is the open I'olar sea. The channel leading to these waters was entirely free from ice; and this mysterious feature was rendered the more remarkable by the existence of a belt of solid ice extending one hundred and twenty-five miles to the south- ward. This sea verifies the views of Dr. Kane as expressed to the Geographic^il Society before his departure. The lashings of the surf against the frozen beach of ice was impressive beyond descrip- tion. Several gentlemen with whom we have conversed speak of the matter as one of peculiar interest. An area of three thousand square miles has been seen, entirely free from ice. This channel has been named after the Hon. J. l\ Kennedy, late Secretary of the United States Xavy, under whose auspices the expedition was un- dertaken. "IV. The land to the north and west of this channel has been charted as high as 82° 30'. This is the nearest land to the Pole yet known, it bears thenameof Mr. Henry Grinnell, the founder of the enterprise." Perhaps so long an article on this subject, in aLiterary Dictionary, is rather out of place ; but who can resist being led away by such themes? The render who desires to pursue this interesting topic must refer to the following publications: — 1. Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1819-22, with an Appendix on various Subjects relating to Science and Natural History, Lon., 1823, 4to, pp. 784; 34 Plates, and four Maps, £4 4«. The Appendix on Natural History is by Sir John Richardson, Sabine, Lieut. Hood, &c. The Plates are beautifully engraved by Finden (some of them coloured) after drawings by Lieuts. Hood and Back. A Becond and third edit, were pub. in 1824, both in 2 vols. 8vo, without the plates. Also an ed. in Phila., 8vo, same year. '■The unstudied and seaman-like simplicity of the style is not the least of its merits; and the illustrations and embellishments, fi-om the drawings of the late unfortunate Mr. Hood and Mr. Uat'k, are of a very superior kind." — 2>m. Qiiar. Itev. '■A work of intense and indeed painful interest, from the suffer- ings of those who performed this journey; of value to geography by no means proportional to these sufferings ; but instructive in meteorology and natural history." — Stcvrntun's Voy. and Travels. 2. Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a Second Expedi- tion to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1825-27; including an Account of the Progress of a Detachment to the East- ward, by John Richardson. M.D., F.R.S., .tc. Surgeon and Naturalist to the Expedition. Illustrated bv numerous Maps and Plates, 1828, 4to, pp. 447, £4 4«. The Second Expedition has not in England been pub. in Svo, but see below. "The views of Arctic Scenery with which this volume is both illustrated and embellished are of extreme beauty. They supply, in a great measure, the absence of pic-turesque description, and delineate, with singular truth, the striking peculiarities which distinguish the aspect of these regions from that of the temperate climates." — J'jlin. J\^:^\ "It is difficult to do sufficient justice either to the skill and intelligence displayed in it^-j conduct, or the information to be de- rived from it." — Amei; Quay. iltv. There is an edit. pub. in 1S29, Lon., 4 vols. 18mo, of Sir John Franklin's Two Journeys to the Shores of the Polar Sea in 1819-27, with engravings by Finden, £1. Anedit.- of the second expeditiun was pub. in Phila.. 1828, Svo. The render must also peruse, 1. Mr. P. L. Simnionds'a account of Sir John Franklin and the Arctic Regions, 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1853, 12mo. 2. Papers and Correspondence relative to the Arctic Expedi- tion under Sir John Franklin. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, March 5, 1850-52, fol. 3. The Frank- lin Expedition, or Considerations on Measures for the Dis- covery and Relief of our Absent Adventurers in the Arctic Regions ; with Maps, by the Rev. AV. Score.«by, D.D., 1850. 4. Arctic Searching Expedition : a Journal of a Roat Voy- age through Rupert's Land and the Arctic Sea, in Search of the Discovery Ships under Command of Sir John Frank- lin ; with an Appendix on the Physical Ger.grapliy of North America. By Sir John Richardson, M.D.. F.R.S., kc. Inspector of Hospitals and Fleets. PuIJished by Authority of the Admiralty. With a coloured Map, seve- ral PLates printed in Colours, and Woodcuts, 2 vols. 8vo. ■' Valuable alike to the scientiiic student or the future wanderer over these wild plains, and the lonely settler whom European en- terprise may locate among these far distant tribes. It is a book to study rather than to read: and yet so attractive in its style, and so instructive in its collation of facts, that many will be led to its study as a work of science whilst merely engaged in its perusal as a book of travels." — Britannui. 5. A Lecture on Arctic Expeditions, delivered at the London Institution, by C. R. Weld, Esq. Second edition, Map, p. Svo. "An intelligent general view of the subject of Arctic Discovery from early times, a rapid but well-informed sketch of its heroes and its vicissitudes in modern days, a hopeful view of the chances of Franklin's return, and an account of the circumstances of the original expedition and of the voyages in search, whiih will be read with considerable interest just now." — Lon. Examiner. 6. Article entitled Attempts to find a North-West Pas- sage, in N. Anier. Rev., Ixix. 1 ; and the following articles on Sir John Franklin and the Arctic Regions : 7. N. Amer. Rev., Ixxi. IGS. 8. N. York Eclec. Mag., xx. 60. 9, 10. Boston Living Age, (from the London Examiner,) xxiv. 275 and 279. Search for Sir J. F. 11. Eraser's Ma^'., xliii. 198 ; same art., N. York Eclec. Mag., xxii.42U. 12. Fraser'a Mag.,xliv. 502. 13. Boston Living Age. (from the Lon. New Monthly Mag..) xxxi. 291. Second Expedition of Sir J. F. 14. Lou. Quar. Rev., xxxviii. 335. 15, 16. Lon. Month, Rev., cii. 1,156; cxvii. 1. 17. South Rev., iii. 261, Track of Sir J. F. 18. N. York Eclec. Mag., xxii. 112. Also, 19. Meare.romised another work from Dr. Kane, who, as mentioned above, has returned this day from a fruitless search after Sir John Franklin. Upon the sub- ject of a North-West Passage, we append an interesting paper from the New York Herald of Oct. 12, 1S55. " THE EFFORTS MADE TO DISCOVER A NORTH-WF.ST PASSAGE. " The attempt to discover a north-west passage was made by a Portuguese named Cortereal, about A. D. louO. It was attempted by the English in 1553; and tlie project was greatly encouraged by Queen Klizabeth in 15S5. in which year a company was asso- ciated in London, and was called the ' Fellowship for the Discovery of the \orth-\Vest Passage.' The following voyages with this de- sign were undertaken, under British and American navigators, in the years respectively stated; Sir Hugh Willoughby's expedition to find a north-west pas- sage to China sailed from the Thames May 20, 1553 Sir Martin Frobisher's attempt to find a north-west passage to China 1575 Captain Davis's expedition to find a north-west passage 1585 BarBntz's expedition 1594 Weymouth and Knight's WHZ 633 ERA FRA Hu35, ■was awardt-d, by the Tieographical Society, the King's annual premium for his polar discoveries and enter- prise June 21, 1836 Dease and Simpson traverse the intervening space between the discoveries of Ross and Parry, aud establish that there is a north-west passage Oct. 1839 Sir John Franklin and Captain Crozier, in the Erebus and Terror, leave England May 2-t, 1845 Captnin Knss returned from an unsuccessful espediticn in star.h ot Franklin 1849 Another Rxpedition (one sent out by Lady Franklin) in search of Sir Ji.hu Franklin, consisting of two vessels, sailed from England April-:\Iay, 1850 Another, under Capt. McClure, who succeeded in effecting a transit over ice from ocean to ocean; and another under Sir Edward Belcher 1851 Another, consisting of two vessels, the Advance and Rescue, liberally puichased for the purpose by lleury Grinnell. a New York merchant, and manned at govei-nment cost fi-nm the United States navy, under command of Lieut. De Ha- ven, sailed from New York ^lay. 1850 The expedition of Dr. Kane, in the Advance May 31, 1853 The last expedition, consisting of the Release and Arctic, under Lieut. Uartsteue- June, 1S55 And returns Oct. 11. 1856 " There may be some omissions in the above, but it will be found generally correct." Franlilin, Richard. Discourse of Antichrist and the Apooalypse. Lon.. 1075. fol. Franklin, Robert. Serin.. Lon., 16S3, 4to. Franklin, Thomas. Defence of Lecturers. 1721. Franklin, Thomas, D.D., Hector of Brasted, Kent. Berins . 1748-74. F'ranklin, Thomas, Rector of Langton Herring. Serni., 17iJB, Svo. Fraukliu, Thomas, Vicar of Ware. Serms., 1703- 68, 4 to. Franklin, William. Pee FnANCKLiN. Franklin, William Temple, d. at Paris, 1823, son of Williiiiu Franklin, the last rtsprincipally of extracts. The author " Has contented himself with forming; the arrangement, which Is clear and pood, and in sterliui; short passay;es to seive for con- nexinn and eluridalicm."— flriV. Ciitic, O. .%. xxi. fiSO, 681. Franks, James Clarke. 1, 2. Hulsean Lectures: for 1821, on the Evidences of Chris'y, Camb., 1S21, Svo; for 1823, on the Apostolical Preaching, Ac, 1S2.% Svo. "Many orij^inal remarks. — Btclerslelh's C. S. 3. Christian Psalmody, lS;i4, 24mo. Franks, John. 1. Animal Life and Apparent Death, Ion., 1790, Svo. 2. Typhus Contagion, 1799, Svo. 634 Frankz, Thomas. 1. Tour through France, Ac, Lon.. 17-^5, Svo. 2. Eclipses, 1736, 8vo. 3. t>ilesia, 1741, Svo. Fraser, Alexander, Lord Saltoun. 1. Arrangements CB C'ivil Polity; rel. to Husbandry, Mines, Fi^heries, and Manufactures in this Kingdom, Lon. ,1786, Svo. 2. Thoughts on disqualihcations rel. to elections, 1788, Svo. Fraser, Alexander* 1. Speech of H. Brougham, 1808, Svo. 2. Account of the Festival of the Free-Masons, given by the Fail of Moira. the Grand Master, previous to his departure for India, 1S13, Svo. Fraser, Alexander, minister of Kirkhill. 1. Key to Prophecies not yet accomplished, Edin., 1795, Svo. "Tbisisa work of some merit. It contains rules fur the arrange- ment of the unfultilled prophecies — observations on their dates — and a general view of the events foretold in them." — Oniie's Bibl. Bib. 2. Comment, on Isaiah, 1800, Svo. "Much li^ht is thrown on passages by the principle here adopted." — BlCKKBSTETH. " It discovers much sound sense and scriptural knowledge, and a talent for criticul exposition, whii h it is to be regretted the au- thor did not exercise to a greater extent." — Orme's BiU. Bib. Fraser, D. "Works of Ebenezer Erskine, with a Me- moir, Lon., lS2fi, 2 V(il.-i. Svo. The Life and Diary of Ers- kine was pub. separately in 1S31, I2mo. Fraser, Henry, M.D. 1. Vaccine Inoculation, Lon., 1S05, Svo. 2. Epilepsy and the use of Viscus Querciuus, ISilfi, Svo. Fraser, Rev. James. Loch Ness; Phil. Trans., 1699. Fraser, James, of Brea, b. 1639, minister of Culcross, Scotland. 1. Saving Faith, Edin., 1722, 12mo. 2. Cor- rupt Ministers, 1744, 3. Memoirs of himself. Select Biog., ii. S9. Fraser, James. 1. Hist, of Nadir Shah, Lon., 1742, Svo. This is an interesting work, but we have a better biography, pub. by Sir Wm. Jones. 2. Cat. of MSS. in the Persic, Arabic, and Sanscrit Languages, Lon., 1742, Svo. Fraser, James, 1700-1769, a minister of the Church of Scotland. The Scripture Doctrine of Sanclitication, Edin., 1774, 12mo. Several eds., Edin., 1813, 12mo. Abridged, Lon., 1849, ISmo. "'Ibis valnaljle worU was edited by Dr. Erskine of Edinburgh, who prefi.xed to it a short at-t-ount of the author and his father. It is one of the ablest expositions of this difficult portion of Scrip- ture we possess; and exposes, with great ability, the mistakes of Grotius. Hammond. Locke, Whitby. Taylor. Alexander, and others. The doctrinal viewsof the author will not be relished by those who are violently opposed to Calvinism ; but the critical interpretation on which they are founded it will be difScult to overlhiow.'" — Onus's Bibl. Bib. '• An able defence of the doctrines of the Gospel." — Bicherskth's a s. Fraser, James, D.D. Lectures on the Pastoral Cha- racter, newly edited by J. F., Lon., 1811, Svo. Fraser, James. Pilgrinmge to Craigmullar Castle; with oilier Poems, Edin., 1817, 12mo. Fraser, James. 1. Guide through Ireland, 4th ed., Lon., 1S54, p. Svo. *• As a work of typography, it possesses a high degree of excel- lence; aud its statistics will be found available and most useful to the traveller." — Dublin E. Mail. 2. Guide to the County of Wicklow, Dubl.. 1842, 12mo. "We cannot speak too hii^hly of this excellent little work; it is decidedly the best guide- tn the picluresijue beauties of the county of WicUiow we have i-ver met with." — Duhlin Monitor. 3. Belfast and its Environs, Lon.. 12mo. 4. Handbook to the Lakes of Kilhirncy. Dub., 1850, 12mo. Fraser, James Bailie, after travelling for many years, and delighting the worhl witii his narrations of what "be saw and was," returned to Scotland to settle on his patrimonial estate of Rcetig, Inverness-shire, "a quiet highl.and glen." 1. Journal of a Tour through part of tho Snowy Range of the Hininia Mountains. Ac, 1820, 4to, r. 4to, and imp. 4to. Imp. 4to, with fol. vol. of 20 coloured views in the Himala Mountains, pub. at £21. "Notwithstanding Mr. Frasers ignorance of natural history, in a country quite now. and full of most interesting olyects in this science, and that he had no means of measuring heights or ascer- taining the temperature or pressure of the air; and notwithstand- ing a want of method, aud a lieaviness and prolixity in the style, this book possesses great interest, for the scenes of nature aud pictures of mauueis which it exhibits." — Sltvc}ison':i Vot/offes aTid Tmv> Is. 2. Journey into Khorasan, 1821-22, 1825, 4to. ''Mr. Fraser, by his intelli,L:once and enterprise, has made valu- able additions to our knowledge of Persia, and gained a right to rank as the very tirst to whom we owe a distinct view of any cou- sideralile part of Persian Chorasin," — jEi^m. Jiev., Ko. 85; and see Lon. Month. Kev. 3. Travels and Adventures in the Persian Provinces on the Southern Banks of the Caspian Sea, 1826, 4to. 4. The Kuzzilbash; a Tale of Khorasan, 1828, 3 vols. p. Svo. Tho Turkish word Kuzzilbash signifies red-head, but the author complains that some of the English public mistook his FRA FRA romantic Inle for a cookeo'-bnuk. He tberefure wisely pub. the continuation under the title of — 5. The Persian Adventurer, t^ vuU. p. 8vo. "Itiis work is replefe wiih spirit, interest, and l'>cal information. It is cine of the most aniinaled and entertaining of our recent An;j;li> h-ieMt;il romances." — Lon. (hurt JouriKil. 6. The Khan's Tale, 1833, 12ino: ISoO, 12mo. 7. Nar- rative of the Resilience of the Persian Princes in London, 1835-36, 1S38, 2 vols. er. Svo. " Fioui thf sulijfft. and from theautbcr. we certainly anticipated an entt-rtainiiij; puMieaiiun; but we had no idea thateven the lat- ter wi'h all his Uiienlal acquirements and acknowledged talents, could have nmde thi* former so very curious, as well as entertain- ing." — Lmi. Lit. G'az. 8. A Winter Journey (Tatar) from Constantinople to Tehran, with Travels through various Parts of Persia, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. "Indeed, these volumes can hardly be .surpassed in lively de- lineations, rapid but graphic sketches, and the excitement of tra- Telling over strange gmund. with a L'uide eijually reuiaikaMe foi- the extent of his good-humour and the depth of his inlormatiou." ■ — 2jon. Athfnirnm. 9. Travels in Koordistan and Mesuputamia, 1S40, 2 vols. Svo. "One of the most valuable bnoksnf travels which has emanated from the press for a consideralile tiuie. All the regions \ isited aie curious and characteristic in their natural features and the man- ners of the people. We recommend the work to the reader as one of the best accounts of the countries of which it treats.'' — Lrm. ir. 10. The Highland Smugglers. 11. Allee Neemroo, 1S42, 3 vols. r. l2mo. 12. Dark Falcon; or, the Tale of the At- truek. 1S44, 4 vols. p. Svo. 13. Hist, of Persia, Auc. aud Mod.. (Edin. Cab. Lib., No. lo.) 1847, ]2ino. '■ This volume of the >-.diD>iur2h Caliinet Library "ill in no way be fuuud inferior to its predecessors; the author has had the ad- vantage of having visited a great proportion of the tract which he describes, and of thus being enabled to separate the truth from error or falsehood in preceding accounts." — A.-iaiic Jnitrnal, 14. Mesopotamia and'As^yria, (Ediu. Cab. Lib., No. 32,) 1847, 12mo. Fraser, John. Thoolng. treatises, Paris, 1G04, '05. Fraser, John. Second Sight. Edin., 1707, I2ino. Fraser, John. American Gra-^r^s, h Hexameters, l.^S7, ^"6^, 4to. 2. Lawier's Logike; cKempUfying the Precepts of Logike by the Practice of the Common Lawe, 158S. 4to. After the dedication in rhyme to Henry, Earle of Pem- broke, occurs an a'ldress '* To the learned Lawyers ot Eng- land, especially the Gentlemen uf Gray's Inne." The book generally is in prot^e. The poetical part consists of Vir- gil's Eclogue of Alexis, trans, into hexameters, aud exem- plifications to illustrate the rules of logic. 3. lusignium Armorum Emljlematum, Slc, I jSS, 4to. 4r, 5. The Coun- tesse of Pembroke's Yuychiirch (pp. 94) and Emauuei, (])p. 3S,) 1591, 4io. All in English hexameters. Tlie two are priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., i;45 ; resold by Saunders iu ISIS, £13 2tf. (i(/. 6. The third part of the Yuychurch, entitled Aminta's Dale, pp. 122, 15*J2, 4to. In English hexameters. Bibl. Auglu-Poet., £40. 7. Heliodorus's Ethiopics, {the beginning,) la'Jl, Svo. 8. Arcadian Rhelorike; or, the Precepts of Rhetorieke made plaiue, by examples Greeke, Latyne, En<;lishe, Italyan, Frenche, and Spauishe, 1588, Svo. This is a mixture of prose and verse. '- An aftected and unineanini; title. . . . Valuable for its English exampl.'s," — WarUnCs Hint, nf Eng. Jbet. Fraunce is commended by George Peele as "A peerless sweet translator of our time." — rb-m nf Vie Order nf till' Garlnr. sine anno, sed circa \b9'i, 4to. "Fraunce shines particuhirly as an EnLdish hexametrist. His Count*?ss of Pembroke s Yvychurch and his translation of part of Ileliodoius. are written in melodious dactj Is aud spondees, to the no small admiration of Sidney, llar\ey. Ac." Harvey's Commendation— in his Foure Letters and cer- taine Sonnets — classes him in good conijiany: '-1 cordially recommend to the dear loners of the Muses, and namely to the ptnftpsed sonnes of the same, Edmnnd trpencer, Kichard Staniburst, Abraham Fraunce. Thomas W.ilson. Samuell Daniel. Thomas Nashe, and the rest, whom 1 affectionately thancke for their s'udious eudeunur.'; ci>muiendably employed in enriching and ()n|i>hinL: thvir natiue tonu'ue, ,^c." — Lett, iii,. p 2y. \bs2. 4to, Galtriel Harvey is so far from being ashamed of his English hexameters, which have been violently attacked, that he exclaims, in the same publication from which we have just quoted, " If I never deserve any better remembrance, let me be epitaphed the Jnr'-7)lotir nf the English hexamftt-r! whome learned .^ir.Stani- hurst imitated in his Virgill, and exct-llent Sir. P. Sidney di.--daiued nut to f.lluw in bis Arcadia, and elsewhere." Mr. Park, in quoting the above, adds: " Ascbam in 1oij4 had well observed that '^ cm-mtm h^ramdrum doth rather trotte aud hoble than runne smoothly in our Knu'lish tong.' — Scliolannster. p. 60. Yet Stanihurst strangely protVss.-s in his dedii-atirin to take upon hira -to execute some part of .Maister Asthams will, who had recommended cormen vnuhicum while he dispraised cannni hxanutrum.'" See Marten's Hist, of Kng. Poet. Some of our modern poets have revived English hexame- ter — we beg pardon, not revived, but exhumed; as a mummy is exhumed; — all that makes lile. wauling, and even the form shrunken and uncomely. Where Soufhcy and Longfellow have failed, the fault must be in the ma- terial, not the artist. Mr. Longfellow himself gives :i hjippy illustration of the subject, when he says that "the mo- tions of the English Mu?e [iu the hexameter] are not unlike those of a prisoner dancing to the music of his chains." We give an opinion upon the subject, in which our author is introduced, from an ancient authority j the italics are our own : " .\br.iham Fraunce, a ver.'^ifier in Queen Elizabeth's time, who, imitatiuj; Latin measure in English ver.se, wrote his Iviechurch and some other things, in Hexameter; some also in He.Nameter and Pentameter; nor was he altogether singular in thi.s ivay of writing; for Sir Philip Sidney in the pastoral interludes of his Art^adia, uses not only these, but all other sorts of Latin measure, in which no wondi^r he is followed b]/ so few, since thf.i/ v>it}»'r hrcnme Ihe E)i'jlish, nnr tniy other modern language^ — Phillipi^s T/ieatrum Pottarnm Aiighcanorum. The Ciog. DramaL also is greatly disgusted at Fraunce's choice of metre ; 635 FRA "He has written several things in the awkwardest of all verse, thriuu'li at that time grt-aliy in vo-ue. Englisli hexa,n.-ti-r." Atiu-li „i interest upon this subject may be found in the Pre ace and Notes to Soutliey's Vision of Judgment, and in tlie following papers upon English hexameters: I.N Amer.Rev.,lv.l21,byProf.C.C.Fcdton. 2. Ditto, Ixyi. 21o; revievv of Longfellow's Evangeline, by same ?n v'o; f;i"''?- ^'^■' '"'-"'^- *22. 4. Elaokw. Mag., Ix. ' '.j.oS, x.^™""'" *'"S-. i-x.xvi. 665. 6. Ditto, :£xxix 342 7. Ditto, xlii. 62. 8. Boston Living Age, XVI. 172. 9. N. Bnt. Rev., May, 1863. The reader- mSst also procure a volume pub. by Mr. Murray of London, in 1847, Svo, entitled English Hexameters; from the German. By Sir John Herschel, Dr. Whewell, Archdeacon Hare, Dr Hawtrey, and J. G. Lockhart. Also, Goethe's Herman and Dorothea; a Tale of the French Revolution. Translated into English Hexameters from the German Hexameters of the Author; with an Introductory Essay on the Orioin and Nature of the Poem, 1849, 1 vol. fcp. 8Vo. " "Goethe's peculiarities may sbiue out more conspicuou-ily in some of hi.s other works, but in noue else are they so collected into a focus." — \V, VON Humboldt. " Goethe is held, by the unanimous voice of Europe, to have been one of the greatest poets of our own or of any other time " ■\Vhewell. "0';' be, simple yet profound, united the depth of philosophical thou.'ht to the simplicity of childish atTcction; and stiikiu'' with almo.st inspired felicity the chord of native affection, produced that mingled flood of poetic medifafionand Individ u,al observation which has rendered his fame unbounded in the Fatherland-"— Alison. Frazer, Mrs. The Practice of Cookery, Pastry Pickling, Preserving, &c.. Edin., 1791, 8vo. Frazer, Alex. Judicial Proceedings before the High Ct. of Admiralty, Ac, Edin., 1814, Svo. Frazer, James. Answer to R. Stewart, 1787, 4to. Frazer, John, a native of Ohio. The American Form- Book. New ed,, Cln., 1855. Frazer, S. Roads of Lorraine, 1729, Svo. Frazer. See Fraser. Freake, A. 1. Humulus Lupulus for Gout, Ac., 2d ed 1816, Svo. 2. Addit. Cases, ISll, Svo. FreaUe, Wm. Secret Designs and Bloody Projects of the Society of Jesuits, Lon., 1630, 4to. Frederick, Charles. Idalia, Lon., 1768, fol. Frederick, Sir Charles. Course of the Ermine Street through Northamp., &e., Archfeol, 1770. Free, B. B. 1. Exercises in the Inns of Ct. prep, to the Study of Law, Lon., 1784, 2 vols. Svo. 2. E.xempla Erasmiania, 1805, 12mo. 3. New Spelling Dictionary, 1808 Free, John, D.D., Vicar of East Croker, Somerset- shire. Seruis., Poems, Ac, 1739-86. Free, John. Political Songster, Birm., 1784, '90, 12mo Freebairn, James. Life of Mary, Queen of Scots : from the French of Bois-Guibbert, Edin., 1725 Svo Freedley, Edwin T., of Philadelphia. ']. Money how to Get, Save, Spend, Give, Lend, and Bequeath it, Phila 1852, 12mo; several English eds. by different houses; 5th ed., lSa3. Edited by John McGregor, Esq., M P 1863 12ino. ' ' "This book is American in origin and completely American in character. No other country could have Bent forth such a work - so plain-spoken, so honest, so judicious, so reasonable. . Mr 1 reedley s is a capital book, and, considered as a representation of the dai y dealings of the Americans, it raises them very much °n voun' The "•, J^' ™-'<,™E';t to b" «ad by all tr..de,^."rd anS young. The old may find m it ennobling and deli-htful remi- niscences; the young can only learn from it how & attain^n obedience to the strictest principles of morality, excellence in the conduct of business."— ioK. Economist. '' "'■""'"""' '" *"« "Wo are glad to learn the fact of an entire edition being dis- posed of in one day."— Zore. Times. »""iou oeing uis 2 Leading Pursuits and Leading Men, Phila., 1856, Svo. d. Philadelphia and its Manufactures, 185S, 12mo, pn 490. A book of great value. Freeke, Wm., b. 1663, an English Socinian, wrote a Dialogue on the Deity, and A Confutation of the Doctrines of the Trinity, for which he was fined £500 and obli^'ed to recant m Westminster Hall. His book was publit-ly burnt. ' •' Freeland, W. H. Poems, Lon., 1848, p Svo ♦l,!!,!'1 t"'"'^',,'' abound with evidences of graceful and tender thought, scholarly accomplishment, and poetic fancy."- CA of Ji^ng. Qiiar. Rpv. ^ ' -^ And see Westm. Rev. ; Oxf. Univ. Herald ; Bell's Life Ac lof/^o^™''^,'^''"'"''''^- ^' C'^"'''^^'' Restoration, Lon.,' Ib4b, Svo. 2. Hist, of Architecture, 1849, Svo. ♦1,1' l' '","''*'>"' admitted that he has produced a treatise posses.in.' 8vt^4:^-uti:-::y'^^:^.:-^^^:'-:i'--' 6M '"'"'"''• "'' ^''i°''''fl' L'athedral, 1850, Svo. ' 6. FRE Poems, Legendary and Historical, by E. A F and « W Cox, 1850, Svo; 2d ed., 1S52, Svo. Freeman, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1647, '54 4to Freeman, Francis. Serms., Lon., i72'> Freeman, G., of the Inner Temple Day; an Epistle to C. Churchill, Lon., 1762. Freeman, G. Sketches in -(Vales, or a Diary of three walking Excursions in that Principality in 1823-26, 1826, Freeman, George. Exhortation from the sin of Drunkenness, Lon., 1563, 4to nr^n'r"w"'Tp'""'!°''''- '^'"^ Downfall of the Bailiffs; or, a Lash for Burns, Lon., 1675 4to or^brn'l'"'' "«'■"';.« Augusta. Astra-a's Return; or, the Halcyon Days of France, in the year 2440. From the French ol Mercier, 12mo. Freeman, Ireneus. The Reasonableness of Divine Service, Lon., 1661, 4to. -^^'vino 12mo'^*^™^°' ■'* ^' ■"■ ^"'"' '° '^"""^ '^''''''■'"' ^™'' l^^l' C!„',',fj"'' l';''.i''''J«»' interested in the present state of affairs in Southern Africa should, without delay, possess this book." •.?\^- •^- ^' *™-'' ^' -^"tii's Narrative of Persecutions at Madagascar, 1840, 12mo. Freeman, James, 1759-1835, of Boston. Serms. and Charges, 1832, 12mo. Severely criticized in Robert Southey s Letter to the Lord Bishop of Limerick, March 6, Freeman, John. The Comforter, Lon., 1591, 1600 ibmo. ' Freeman, John. Serm., Ac, 1812, '13 ^/''''^f "*•".' John D. Reports in Sup. Ct. of Chancery State ot Mississip., Cin., 1844, Svo Freeman, Joseph Elisha. 1. F.aith Triumphant: or, the World Overcome, Lon. ,2. Heaven Anticipated New ed., lSo3, ISmo. 3. Heaven Unveiled, 18mo. 4. Hea- ven Entered 1837 ISmo. 5. Israel's Return, or Palestine Regained, 1840, 12mo. in'lpnJJJl" ,?».,'""''' P'™™>'f ,to/ead Israel's Return. It accords, in general, with my own published sentiments on this subject "Has many valuable thoughts.»-&me, in CImstian Student. Freeman, Joshua. Lett. totheClergy,Lon.,172'' Svo Freeman, Josiah Bumstead, b. i826, at Boston. Irans. and editor of Ricord's work on the V. Disease ; Con- tributor to the N York Med. Times, Virginia Surg, and Med. Jour., and other medical periodicals Freeman, Kenuet. Repertorium Juridicum ; or, an Index to all the Cases in the Year Books, Entries Re ports .and Abridgts. in Law and Equity ; also an Alpha- bet. Table of the Titles referring to the Cases, 1742, fol f^°" <**'' ii! I> l-'t- »™t- also what has since been pub! by 1. E. Tomlms of the Inner Temple, 1786, '87 fol Freeman, Lyon. The Commonwealth's Catechism, JLon., ibijv, 12ino, ' Freeman, R. The merits of the Craftsman consi- dered, Lon., 17:j4. Sv.). Fre^eman, IJichard, Lord-Chancellor of Ireland, temp. Queen Anne. 1. Reports K. B., C. P., 1670-1704 Lon., 1742, fol.; 2d ed., by Edward Smirke, 1826, Svo' 2. Cases in Ch. and Ex., 1660-1706, 1742, fol.; 2d ed by J. E. Hoveuden, 1823, Svo. Freeman's cases were 'for- merly neglected; they .are now more esteemed. ulS^l°^ "'" ""*" '" '''■e>'man are very well reported."-LOED " Freem.an's notes are generally good."-LOED LooOHBOROOon. See ■(Vall.acc's Reporters, 60; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 323 Freeman, S. Medical Works, I776-S9 Freeman, S., M.D. Address rel. to the Universal Medicine of the Ancient Magi, Lon., 1781 Svo Freeman, S. Brit. Plaints, No. I, 1797, fu'l Freeman, Samuel, D.D., Dean of Peterborough, berms. and Discourses, 1643-1700. Freeman, Samuel, 1743-1831, of Portland. Maine; Judge ot Probate. 1. Town OfiScer. New ed., Bosf., 1808, l.mo. 2. The Massachusetts Justice; 2d ed., ISO-" Svo 3 Probate Directory, 1803, 12mo. 4. Amer. Clerk's Mag.,' 6th ed., ISOo. " ' Freeman, Stephen. Serm., 1790, Svo. o E,'''";,™'"'' ^''''<'- '• A''' of Horsemanship, 1806, 4to. 2. The Horse's Foot, 1796, 4to. New ed 4to Freeman, Theop. To the Quakers, 1803. I-reeman, Thomas, a native of Gloucestershire, entered Magdalen Coll., Oxf., 1607, aged about 16. Rub and a Great Cast ; and Ruune and a Great Cast. The Second Bowl. In 200 Epigrams. "."." ,"'"\'idd in esteem by Sam. Daniel, Owen, the Kpisji-am- niafisl, Ui . John Donn, Shakspeare, George Chapman, Tho.' Uoy- FRE FRE wood, the playmaker, and others. To some of whose jud^rments be submitted his two books of epia:rams." — Atlun. Oxnn. '• Freemau's ICpigrams are so extremely rare, that except a copy in the late Mr. Brand's collection, [sold for £4 12s.,] and that in the Bodleian. I know not where to i-efer for one. On this account 1 have ventured to give the tollowing extr.acts." — Db. Bliss : in his ed. of AVten. Ox^m, q. v. Freeman, W. Agst. Calvinism, 1765, 8vo. Freeman, W. Faucy, or the ElTusions of the Heart; Poems, 1812, Svo. Freeman, \Vm. Agst. Col. Codrington, 1702, 4to. Freeman, Wni. Serm., 1730, 4to. Freeman. Uin. Of a Woman who had a Stone under her Tongue; Phil. Trans., 1794. Freemantle, W. R. 1. .Serm., Godalming, 18.38, 12mo. 2. Address to the Bishop of Lincoln, on the State of the Eastern Churches. Freer,Adam,M.D. Ring Worm; in Ann. of Med., 1800. Freer, George, surgeon. Aneurism, Birm., 1807, 4to. Freese, J. H. Commer. Class-Book, Lon., 1849, Svo. ".\n admirablecommen-ial instruction-book. ""—G/KSf/oie Citizen. Freeston, J. H. Soeinianism, Cov., 1812,'8vo. Freher, Philip. Peace of the Church, 1646, 4to. Freind, John, M.D., 1675-1728, a native of Croton, Nortbamplonshire, educiited at Christ Church, O.xford, was a distinguished classical scholar, and concerned in the publication of several Greek and Latin authors. His prin- cip.il professional work is The History of Physic, from the time of Galen to the beginning of the lOth century, Lon. Pts, 1 and 2, 1725, '26, 8vo; 1727, 2 vols. 8vo; 1758, 2 vols. Svo. In Latin, by .J. Wigan, 1734, Svo. In French, by Pomet, Leyd., 1727, Svo. It was censured by 8ir Clifton Wintringham in an anonymous tract. Observa- tions on Dr. Freind's Hist, of Physic, 1726 ; and by John Le Clerc in the Eibliothcque Ancienne et Moderne. Its character, however, stands very high. A Defence of Dr. Freind's Hist, of Physic was pub. 1727, '28, Svo. A col- lective ed. of his Latin Works — Opera Omnia Medica — was pub. by Dr. Wigan in 1733, fol. ; Paris, 1735, 4to; Leyd., 1 734, and in 1750, 3 vols. Svo. Wigan included in his edit, of Freind's Works his trans, into Latin of Freind's Hist, of Physic. Freind had a controversy with Dr. Wood- ward in consequence of his (Freind's) pub. of Hippocrates de Morbis Popularibus, and on the subject of the fever in the small-pox. We have already referred to Freind in our articles on Alsop, Anthony ; Bextley, Richahd ; Boyle, Chaei.es. "Ilis writings were admired, and the notions he advanced ap- plauded, by the greatest men in the profession throughout Europe, such as Hoffman, in Germany ; Helvotius and Ilecquet in France; and Boerhaave in Holland : which abundantly demonstrates his abilities in his profession."— Bwjrrnp/ii/ in Biog. Brit., q. v. " As to Freind, I have known him long, and cannot be without some partiality for him, since he was of Christ Church. He has excellent parts, is a thorough scholar, and I am told is very able in his profession."— Lord Bolingbroke : Letters hi/ Parke, Freind, Robert, D.D., 1667-1751, of Westminster, brother of the preceding, was also engaged in the famous w.ar about the Epistles of Phalaris. See Bentley, Richakd. He wrote some Latin and English poetry, for which see Nichols's Collection. He also pub. a serm. preached be- fore the House of Commons, 1711, Svo, and Cicero's Orator, 1724. Freind was a celebrated writer of Latin epitaphs. See Memoirs of Freind in Nichols's Liter.ary Anecdotes. Freind, Wm,, D.D., Preb. of Westminster and Dean of Canterbury, son of the preceding. Serm., Lon., 1755, 4to. Concio ad Clerura, 1761, 4to. Freize, James. Levellers Vindic, 1649, 4to. Freke, Freak, or Freake, Edmund, Bishop of Rochester. St. Augustine's Introduc. to the Loue of God, Lon., 1574, '81, Svo. See Fletcher, Robert. Freke, John. 1. Electricity, Lon., 1746, Svo. 2. Fire, 17JS, Svo. 3. Earthquakes, 175"6, Svo. Med. con. to Phil, Trans., 1740. Freke, Thomas, Serms., 1704-16. Freke, Wm. Select Essays, Lon., 1693, Svo. Freligh, Martin, M.D. Homreopatbic Practice of Medicine, N. York, 12mo. Fremont, John Charles, the "Pathfinder of the Rocky Mountains," b. in Savannah, 6a., 1813, has greatly distinguished himself by his bravery, energy, and perse- verance in extensive explorations which '■ have opened to America the gates of her Pacific empire." Ho was a can- didate for the Presidency of the United States in 1856; and, though not elected, he received a large vote, (1,341,812.) An interesting biographical notice of Col. Fremont will be found in the Men of the Time, N.Y., 1852, and one in the Gallery of lUust. Americans, N.Y., fol. Also see Life by J. Bigelow, ed. N.Y'. Evening Post, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. Life and Explorations, by C. W. Upham, Bust., 1856, 12mo. Upwards of 50,000 copies of this work were sold as soon as issued. Narrative of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to Oregon and North California in 1843-44; reprinted from the Oflicial Report ordered to be pub. by the U. States .Senate, N.Y., 1846, Svo, Exploring Expedition through the Rocky Moun- tains, Oregon, and California, Buffalo and N.Y., 12mo. See Emory, W, H, Fremont's and Emory's Accounts were pub. in London, 1849, fp. Svo. Will be pub., Pbila., 1859, 2 vols. Svo, Col. J. C. Fremont's Explorations; prepared by the Author, and embracing all his Expedi- tions, superbly illustrated with steel plates and woodcuts, engraved under the immediate superintendence of Col. Fremont, mostly from daguerreotypes takeu on the spot, containing a new steel portrait of the author. "The illustrations had the special attention of Hamilton, Darley, Schuessele, Dallas, Kern, and "VVallin, comprising masteriiieces of each of these distinguished artists, and were engraved in the highest style of the art, under the supervision of J. M. Butler. *' This work was prepared with great care by Col. J. 0. Fremont, and contains a resume of the first and second expeditions in the years 1842, '43, and "44. and a detailed account of the third expedi- tion during the years 1845, '46, and '47, across the Rocky Moun- tains through Oregon into California, covering the conquest and settlement of that country; the fourth expedition, of 1848^9, up the Kans.as and .\rkansas Rivers into the Rocky Mountains of Mexico, down the Del Norte, through Sonora into California; the fifth expedition, of 1853 and '54, across the Rocky Mountains at the heads of the Arkansas and Colorado Rivers, through the Mor- mon settlements and the Great Basin into California, — the whole embracing a period of ten years pas&ed among the wilds of America. " The rimmS of the first and second expeditions was prepared by George S. Hillard. Esq., whose acknowledged position as one of the most accomplished writers of America is a sure guarantee that it is ably executed. *' The scientific portion of the work is very complete, containing able articles from Professor Torrey on Botany, Blake on Geology, Cassin on Ornithology, Hubbard on Astronomy, &c., illustrated and compiled from material furnished by the author. " The greatest possible care was taken to insure the accuracy of the maps, which fully illustrate all the above-named expeditions. They were engraved under the superintendence of the well-known hjdrographers, Messrs. E. & G. W. Blunt, of New York." Fremont, Philip Richard. 1. Defence of his in- tended publication on the knowledge of Human Bodies, Lon, 1722, 4to. 2. Supplice a Sa Majesty Louis XV., 1754, fob French, Surgeon to the Infirmary of St. James's, Westminster. The Nature of Cholera Investigated, Lon., Svo. " This is one of the best treatises on cholei^ which we hiive lately read. His theory of the nature of cholera is ingenious, and is argued with acuteness." — Lon. Med. Tiiit^ and fjaz. French, Benjamin Franklin, b. at Richmond, Va., June 8, 1799. One of the founders of the New Orleans Fisk Free Library. 1. Biographia Americana, Svo, N. Y., 1825. 2. Memoirs of Eminent Female Writers, ISmo, Phila., 1S27. 3. Beauties of Bvron, Scott, and Moore, 2 vols. ISmo, Phila., 1828. 4. Historical Collections of Louisiana, 5 vols. Svo, N. Y., 1346-53. '' These volumes contain translations of Memoirs, Journals, and valuable documents, relating to the early history of Louisiana; to which h.ave been added numerous Historical and Biographical notes, giving a full account of the early explorations and settle- ment of that State." Two additional vols,, bringing the annals of Louisiana down to the date of its cession to the United States, are now (1858) nearly ready for publication. We may soon expect from Mr. French two vols, of Historical Annals re- lating to the History of N. America, 1492-1850. 6. Hist, and Progress of the Iron Trade of U. States, 1621-1857, Svo, 1858. French, Daniel. The Henriade of Voltaire, 1807, Svo. French, Daniel, Barrister-at-Law. 1. Protestant Discussion between D. F. and the Rev. John Cumming, D.D., held at Hammersmith in April and May, 1839. 2. Hymnus dies ir», in linguam Gra^cam conversus, 1842, Svo. French, David, a son of Col. John French, of Dela- ware, was the author of sis poetical translations from the Greek and Latin, written between 1720-30, and inserted in John Parke's Lyric Works of Horace, Ac, Phila., 17S6, Svo. See Fisher's Early Poets and Poetry of Pennsyl- vania; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. i. 116, 305-308. French, G. Advice rel. to the V.Disease, 1776, 12mo. French, George. 1. Hist, of Col. Parke's Adminis- tration in the Leeward Islands, Lon., 1717, Svo. 2. An- swer to A Lett, to G. French, 1719, Svo. French, G. J. 1. Practical Remarks on Church Fur- niture, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo. 2. The Tippets of the Canons Ecclesiastical. 1850, Svo. French, George Russell. 1. Genealog. and Biog. Hist, of Eng, Lon., p. Svo. 2. Ancestry of Victoria and Albert, 1841, p. Svo. 3. Royal Descent of Nelson and Wellington. 1S53, p. Svo. French, James Bogle. Experiments on mixing Oils, ic. ; Med. Obs. and Inq., 1765. 637 FRE T ^\^T^: .''"''"' ^-^^ '"'"-'SS?, educated at New- Inn-hull Oxf., served n.s physician to the Parliamentary forces. 1. Art ol Distillation. Lon.. 1641, 'SI. 4to Fo, rr7^,TJ. .If'"""''^- ^"^- "-i'h-S-The London Dis- ,ller, 165. '67, 4to. .3. The Yorkshire Spaw, 1652, '54, 12mo; Hahfa.v, 1760, 12mo FRE lH^M^"""^ '""^ Ingenious treatise.''-^;,. NMson's Eng. Hist. French, Jonathan, 1740-1809, ministerof Andover, Mass. .Serms., 1777-1805. French, Matthew. Answer to Boyse's Serm., 1709 1 -l^,''''',',*-, ' '^•<;''o'as, R. Catholic Bishop of Ferns. 1. Ihe \ nkmde Desertor of lovall .Men and true Friends, Fans, 16,6. Towneley, Pt. 1, 697, £.31 10». T "/""i' ■"■■'!.''■''■''' """"-k throws great li-ht upon the rebellion in Ireland, and particularly on the conduct of Glamorgan and Oi- mond."— ir,!e/,A,«'s BM. Man, 2. Bleeding Iphigenia, 1674, 8vo. "This incendiary wrote the Bleeding Iphigenia: wherein he aTOwedlyjuslines every step made in that tm^terous enferprize [the Irish Rebellion of I641."]-Bp. McUonS IrM m"£b,2l, 2.2., See Beling. Kichard. ' ' Unkinde Deserter of Loyall Men and True Friends, Uleeding Iphigenia, Settlement and Sale of Ireland Ac accnrately reprinted, Lon., 1846, 2 vols l^njo ' '' French, Rev. R. N. Verses, Lon., "iSOS, 8vo trench, Hin. Cm. to Memoirs Med., 1782 ' I'rench, «m., D.D., d. 1849, in his (i3d year,' was educated at Caius Coll., Camb. ; Master of Jesus Coll., 1820 ; Canon of Ely, 1832. 1. New Trans, of the Proverbs of Solomon, with Notes by W. F. and (Jeorge Skinner, Lon 1831, 8vo. By the same authors, 2. New Trans, of the Book of Psalms, with Notes, Camb., 1830, 8vo New ed., Lon., 1842, 8vo. carSuU:s'ofrhe''pslims?- '^ "'"'"" "" P™"""" ""^ *•>" •>"«•■• This trans, was attacked by a critic in the London Re- cor.J newspaper. See a Review in Brit. Crit., ix 404 f rend, H. T., and T. H. Ware, Precedents of Lonveyances. reviewer, sav of nf I , r^ ' "'■'*,''^'* "■"<■ "ouM arrive when bis poetrv. like that Ol Uudibras, would command a commentator like Giev'"— i?,-om ,. pap^ re^ul b,,.„ U.II,.t Sec;, ,./ N. nn.; b,, Mr. E. A. Du/cLZk. r rere, B. Novels, play.s, Ac., 1790-1813. Frere, Charles. Practice of Committees in the H of Com. with respect to Private Bills, Ac, -Westminster, 1846, 8vo. Frere, James Hatley. 1. A Combined View of the Prophecies of Daniel, Esilras, and St. John, Ac, Lon 1815 8vo. New ed., 1826, 8vo. 2. Eight Lett, on the Proph. reL to the last Times, 1834, 8vo. 3. Three Lett on the Proph., 1833, Svo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib 959* 4. Doctrine of Confirmation, p. Svo. 5. The Harvest of the Earth. 1846, 12mo. 6. The Revolution— the Expira- tion of the Times of the Gentiles. 1848, 8vo. 7. Notes on the Interpretation of the Ap.icalvpse. 1850, Svo- 186'> 8vo ,.T ^c"" n'"^; "'• """• ••"''" "ooliham, of Roydon HalL Norfolk, 1,69-1846. who filled several important diploma! tic posts- the most memorable of which was his ministry in Spam during the Peninsular War— evinced early in life the possession of great poetical abilities. His excellent jeu-d esprit entitled Prospectus and Specimen of an In- tended National Work, by Wm. and Robt. Whistleeraft, Ac intended to comprise the most interesting Particul.ar's re- lating to King Arthur and his Round Table, doubtless suggested to Lord Byron his disreputable poem of Don Juan. The merit of the Whistleeraft poem is very great, and the author could have placed his name amon"- the most distinguished poets of the age, if his ambition had been equal to his genius. His translation of the Saxon poem on the victory of Athelslan at Brunnenburgh, made by him at a very early ago, elicited the following enthusi- astic commendations from eminent .authorities- "A translati.m made hy a school-boy in the eighteenth century of this 8axon poem of the tenth century into the English nf the ourteenth cenluiy, is a double imitation, unmatched, perhaps in literary history, m which the wi iter gave an earnest of that faculty of catching he peculiar genius and pieserving the characteristic manner of his original, whi,h. though the specimens of it be too «;;';/ ''if?- I^™ ,»'o"i' nmong English translators."-Sir Janits Maci.mtosh s Hist, of Kng. ^ZIJ"""^- r'-^c^ft '? Py researches into these matters, with one poem which If It had been produced as ancient, could not have been detected on internal evidence. It is the War Song upon the victory at Brunnanburgh, translated from the Anglo-.^axon into Anglo-Norman, by the Bight Hon. John Hookham Frere. See il"!^%';r'°"";t°fS'.«^"'''''°''tr.v,vol.i.p.32. The accomplished editor tells us. that this very singular poem was intended as an imitation of the style and language of the fourteenth century.and was jritten during the controversy occasioned by the poems attri- buted to Rowley Mr. Ellis adds-' The render will probably hear with some surprise that this singular instance of critical ingenuitv w.ts he composition of an Eton schooIboy."'-.SiR Walteb Scott : SetLi Works'' "" ^mimt Ballads, (writUn in 1S30;) see Some interesting p.articulars connected with Frere who was one of the founders of the London Quar. Rov and a contributor to the Etonian and the Anti-Jacobin, will be found in Lockharfs Life of Sir Waller Seott, and in Lon Gent. Mag., March and April, 1846. Frere expressed a warm admiration of Scott's Sir Tristrem. declaring it to bo -Ihe most interesting work that has yet been published on the subject of our earlier poets, and, indeed, such a piece of literarv antiquity as no one could have, dpriori. supposed to exist " This eulogy delighted Scott greatly, and he wrote to Jillis, who had quoted Frere's opinion, tv,r/r''''''''',f'".'[.'^"''','"'"**erof the ancient style of composition, that I would rather have his suffrage than that of a who£ synod of yonrvulg.ar antiquaries."— FW.wy,ra,- and see SoutheyVlife and Corresp.. and .lliss Mitford's Eecollec. of a Lit. Life Mr. Frere died at his residence in the Pieta Malta,, where he had lived for a number of years. , .f/*^**^"' Ja>»es. 1- Kngland's Perspective Glass, Lon., 1646, 4to. 2. Com. Law of Eng., 1656, 4to. J lesselicque, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to. 2. Serm.. Gosp., 1794, Svo. __Freston, A. 1. Poems, 1787, Svo. 2. Elegy, Lon. 1787, 4to. 3. Discourse on the Laws, 1792, 4to. 4. Evi-' THE' deuces for the Divinity of Christ, ISOT, Svo. 5. Serms., 1S(I9. Svo. Freval, John Baptist De. 1. Orationcs qufpdam in Universitii(e Uxonieiisi, habita;. Lon., 17-13, Svo. 2. Vin- dic. of Dr. Frewer. 171.'!, Svo. This is a vindication of the Archliishop of Yorli from the alleged misrepresentations of Dr. Drake, in his Hist, of York. Frewen, Accepted. La Spectacle de la Nature. Trans, from .\ntoinc Xocl de Plcuch, Lon.. 17M9, 4 vols. Svo. Freweii, John. Two theolog. treatises, 15S7, 1621. Freiven, Thomas, .M.D. Profess, works, 1749-80. Frcwiu, Richard, and Wm. Sims. Rates of Mer- chandise, 1782, Svo. R. F. and N. Jickling; Digested Abridgt. of the Laws of the Customs, Lon., 1819, Svo. Frey, Rev. Joseph Samuel C. F., d. 1S50, at Pon- tiac. Mil hij;an. in his 79th year, born of Jewish parents in Germany, became a Christian when about 25 years of age, came to the U. Slates in ISlfi. w.t5 for some time a Pres- byterian minister in New York, and subsequently became a Baptist preacher. He laboured both in England and this country as a missionary of societies established for the con- version of the Jews. 1. Narrative. Lon., 1SII9, '12, 12mo. 2. Vandcrhooght's Hebrew Bible. Pt. 1, IS! I, Svo. 3.Bil)lia Hebraica. 4. A Hebrew Gram, in the Eng. Lan., Lon., 1813, Svo. New ed., by George Downes, 1823, Svo; 10th ed., 1839, Svo. " Mr. Frev's mode of te-aching the Hebrew is very masterly." — Lnn. Mnnth. Rn:. -V. .5., Ivii. 55. 5. Hebrew Letter and Eng. Dictioniiry, Pts. 1 and 2, 1816, Svo, £4 16<.; royal paper, £7 4s.; 3d ed., 1842, Svo. " \ book of more promise than performance, and now entirely superseded by the valuable Le-xicon of Gesenius." — H'irms Bill. [ Bib. "The author, at least in regard to Hi^brew learning, appears to liave continued a .lew. He is a devoted disciple of the Itabbins, whom he seems to have considered the only authorities in Hebrew literature. Little appears in his writings of any ac(|uaintance with the modern oriental scholars, either of the Continent or Great Britain. As a lar;:;e vocabulary, the book may be of some use to a j learner; but it has added nothins to our stock of Hebrew know- ledge as a dictionary." — Ormt's Bihl. Bib. 6. Joseph and Benjamin, 2 vcds. 12mo. This, the most ' popular of his works, is intended to illustrate the points of difference between Jews and Christians. 7. Judah and , Israel; or, the Restoration of Christianity. 1837, 12mo. \ 8. Hebrew Reader, N. York. 9. Hebrew Student's Pocket Companion. 10. Jewish Intelligencer, vol. i. 11. Pass- over. 12. Lectures on the Scripture Types, 1841, 2 vols. 12mo. See an account of Mr. F. in the N. X. Internal. Mag., i. 11. Frick, Charles, M.D. Renal Affections; their Diag- nosis and Pathology, Lon., 1850, 12mo. Frick, George, M.D. Diseases of the Eye, by TVell- bank. Lon.. Svo. Frick, Wm. The Laws of the Sea, with reference to Maritime Correspondence: trans, from the German of Frederick J. J.acohsen, (Altona. 1S15.) Bait., 1818, Svo. " Mr. Frick appears to be perfectly competent to his t.ask. both in learniu,? and dili,;;ence; and, so tar as he has permitted himself to appear in the notes, he h;is acquitted himself in a manner very creditable to his talents and his acquirements." — Judge Story; N. A. Rti'., vii. 323-347. "We know of no on" work on general maritime .iurisprudence, in the whole liiitliotheca le-^um. that we can more strongly recom- mend." — H'tfin'iu's Lig. Sin., 475: and see p. 471. Fridegorde, flourished 956, a monk of Dover, wrote in 956, in heroic verse, the Life of Wilfrid. The old biblio- gr.aphers also ascribe to him, 1. The Life of St. Audoenus. 2. A Treatise de rauliere peccatrice in Evangelio. 3. Hie- rusalem supra. 4. De Visione Beatornm. 5. Contempla- tiones varia;. The Life of Wilfrid, which is e.xtant, is a metrical version of Eddius Stephanus. It will be found in MabiUon, AqIo, Sanctorum, Ac. Sa;culum III., pars prima, fol.,Luteci!e, Paris, 1672, pp. 171-196. lb.; S;tc. IV., pars prima, pp. 722-726. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo- Saxon Period. Friend. See Fp.eixd. F'rierson, Henry. Livesey's Victory, 1648, fol. Vrike, Joseph. 1. Guide to Harmony, Lon., 1793, 4to. 2. Treatise on Thorough Bass, 4to. Fringo, P. Treatise on Phrensy. Lon., 1746, Svo. Frisbie, Levi, 1748-1806, minister of Ipswich, Mass., graduated at Dartmouth College in 1771. laboured for some time as a missionary among the Delaware Indians west of the Ohio. Orations and Serms., 17S3-1S04. Frisbie, Levi, 17S4-1S22, son of the preceding, gra- duated at Harvard University in 1798; appointed Latin tutor in his college, 1805; Prof, of the Latin language, 1811 ; Prof, of Moral Philosophy, 1817. He was a contri- butor to The North American Review. The Christian Dis- ciple, and The Monthly Anthology; and his writings are FRO thought to disphaj talents of no ordinary character. Some of his philosophical lectures, a number of his poems, and papers first pub. in periodicals, and a memoir of his life, were pub. in 1823, Svo, by his friend. Prof. Andrews Norton. Frith, or Fryth, John, burnt at Smithfield, July 4, 1533, was the son of :in inn-keeper at Sevenoaks, in Kent, He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge, and was early distinguished for his proficiency in learning. His advocacy of the doctrines of the Reformation caused him to be sent to the Tower by Sir Thomas More, then Lord-Chancellor, with whom he held a personal controversy, without any change being effected in the opinions of either disputant. Remaining firm to his convictions, it occurred to his oppo- nents that, if they could not out-argue him. they could burn him, and this charitable settlement of the m.atter was not delayed. He pub. A Disput,acion of Purgatorye, and some other theolog. treatises ; see vol. viii. — containing the writ- in,gsof Tyndale, Frith, and Barnes — of the Brilifh Reform- ers, Lon. Tract Soc, 12 vols. 12mo: vol iii. of The Works of the Eng. and Scot. Reformers, edited by Thomas Russell, 1828, 3 vols. Svo. These three vols., all that have been pub. of this series, contain; Tyndale's Prologues to the Books of Moses and Book of Jonas ; Parable of the Wicked Mammon; Obedience of a Christian Man; Practice of Pre- lates; Answer to More's Dialogue; Exposition of chap, v., vi., vii., of Matthew, and of the First Epistle of John ; Path- way to Scripture ; On the Sacraments; Frith's Life and Mar- tyrdom ; On Purgatory; Bulwark against Rastell : Judg- ment on Tracy's Testament; Letter from the Tower; a Mirror; On Baptism; Christ and the Pope ; Articles; the Eucharist ; Epistle. His Life, and a selection from his Writings, will be found in vol. i. of The Fathers of the English Church, edited by the Rev. Legli Richmond, 1807-12, 8 vols. Svo. We h.ave already referred to the collection of the works of Wm. Tyndale, John Frith, and Robert Barnes, (see these names,) by John Fox, the Martyrologist, 1573, fol. See Fox, Jons. Frith, Rev. W. C. Parish Registers, 1811, Svo. Frizell, Rev. W. Expositor and Sunday Family In- structor. 1S12. Ac, Svo. This was a periodical. Frobenius, Dr. Chem. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730. Frobisher, Sir Martin, d. 1594. an enterprising navigator and naval hero, was a native of Y'orkshire. He is generally named as the first Englishman who attempted to find a North-West Passage to China; but Sir Hugh Willoughby has also been thought entitled to the head of the list. See Best, George ; Fr.4VKlin, Sm John: Set- tle, DlONYSE, in the present vol. Frobisher's three voy- ages, 1576, '77, '7S, will he found in Pinkerton's Collection of Voyages and Travels, vol. ,\ii. ; a life of Frobisher in the Biog. Brit., and some remarks on the errors in the original map of his Voyages, will be found in Pennant's Introduc to Arctic Zoology. Frokelewe, John De. Annales Edwardi II., Hen- rici de Blaneforde t?hronica. Et Edwardi II., Vita, Ac, Edit, a Thorn. Ilearne, Oxf., 1729, Svo. Frome, John Sibree. Serm., 1813. Frome, Samuel Blake. 1. The Songs in the Opera of Sketches from Life.Lon.,lS09,Svo. 2. Poems. 181.'),12mo. Fromento, John F. French Verb.s, Lon., 1796, 4to. Frommenius, Andrew. Synopsis Metaphysica, Oxon., 1669, Svo. Fromondus Libertus. Meteorologica.Lon.,1670,Svo. Frost, B., of Glamsforth. Serm., 1741, Svo. Frost, Charles. Witnesses in Civil Actions. 1 SI 5, Svo. Frost, Charles. Notices relative to the Early His- tory of the Town and Port of Hull, 1S27, 4to. " It will, we hope, be inferred from what we have said of Mr. Frost's work, that we appreciate the labour and research which it displays."— iwi. Relrosp. I/n:. .V. .v.. 1S27, i. l'.)4-2y4. "Ihose who are interested in Hull should read Frost's book, and the review from which we have quoted. Frost, J. Scientific Swimming, Lon., 1S16, demy Svo. "If we had no other motive than that kind of anticipation of possible utility, which the thou;.rbtful will ever connect with the art of swimming, we should incline to commend Mr. Frost's per- formance. But his precepts deserve attention for other causes also. The plates are a considerable advantage to the work."' — Lon. Library Pinwrama.JuJy, 1816. See also Critical Keview of the same month, and Monthly Review. May, 1S17. Frost, John, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb., sub- sequently pastor of the Church at St. Olave's, Hart St., London. Select Serms., Camb., 1658, fol. Prefixed is a portrait of the author by Vauglian. Frost, John. Remarks on the Mustard-Tree men- tioned in the N. Test, Lon.. 1827, Svo. Frost, John, b. in Kennebunk, Maine, in ISOO, en- tered Bowdoin College, 181S; passed to Harvard College, Cambridge, 1819; graduated at Harvard, 1822 ; appointed FRO FRY Head Master of Mayhew School, Boston, 1S23. Removed to Phila., 1S2S J conducted a private school for young ladies till 18;^S, when he was appointed Professor of Belles- Lcttres in the Central High School, which situation he resigned in 1S45. Since then he has been engaged in compiling books for popular use. He has published a great number of works, chiefly school and juvenile books, and historical and biographical compilations, intended for di.vtriljution by subscription agents. The Pictorial History of the United States, 3 vols. Svo, seems to have been popu- lar, as upwards of 50,000 copies have been sold. The Pic- torial History of the AVorld, 3 vols. Svo, has also had a wide circulation. Among the numerous titles of Dr. Frost's books are Lives of American Generals, and Lives of the Ame- rican Naval Commanders, Book of the Army, Book of the Navy, ami many others illustrating American History. Frost, Qiiiutiii. The Harper, and other Poems, Lon., 1806. Svo. Frost, Itichard, d. 1778, aged 78, a Dissenting mi- nister of (irc.-it Yarmouth, Norfolk. Serms., 1729-52. Frothin^ham, Nathaniel l.an§;ilon, D.D., b. 17!'3. at Bi'Stnn, JIass., graduated at Harvard in 1811, was at the age of nineteen appointed instructor in Rhetoric and Oratory in the college, (the first incumbent of the oflBce,) and in 1815 became pastor of the First Congregational Church in Boston. Dr. F. retained this post for the long term of 35 years, resigning in 1850, in consequence of ill- health. 1. Deism, or Christianity, in four discourses, Boston, 1845. 2. Serms. in the order of a Twelvemonth, 1852, Svo. 3. Metrical Pieces, translated and original, 1855, 16mo, highly commended. Dr. F. has also pub. about fifty occasional serms. and addresses. His principal poem is a version of The Phenomena or Appearances of the Stars, from the Greek of Aratus. His translations from the German have elicited warm commendations from those best qualified to judge of them. "Asiui^ular jxrace of expression and refinement pervades the prose writings of Dr. Frotbinjibam, aud bis pnetry is also marked by exquisite finish and tiisteful elBgance. His works are among the beFt modfrls of composition which contemporary New Kngland srholars will present to posterity." — Oi-iswoUi's rods and Fuetry of America^ lOth rd., 1855, q. v. Frothiiigham, Richard, Jr. Hist, of the Siege of Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. Also an Account of the Bunker Hill Monu- ment, with Illustrative Documents. Embellished with 16 Maps and Engravings, Boston, 1849, Svo; 2d ed., ISol, Svo. "The accurate and judicious historian of CharleRtown, Mr. Richard Frothinghani, Jr." — Edivard Everett's Oi-aiions and S2>ef:ches> 3d ed.. i. 183. "In my judgment the Siege of Boston excels any that has ap- peared on insulated points of our history. It is the best of our historic monographs that I have seen. Its author has been patient in research, and very successful; has been most impartial; has bruught to excellent materials a sound and healthy judgment; and, after finishing all thin, his work is pervaded with a modesty whi h leuds a new charm to its merit." — George Bancroft, the Historian f if the Unikd Slates. Froude, James Anthony, Fellow of E.xeter Coll., Oxford. 1. Shadows of the Clouds, Lon., 1S47. Svo. '■Mr. Froude is no common writer: his style is vivid and em- phatic; he touches some of the most secret springs of tlie heart's passions ; he enchains our sympathies." — John Bull. 2. The Nemesis of Faith ; 2d ed., 1849, p. 8vo: see re- views in Fraser's Mag., xxxis. 445 : Bost. Chris. Exam., {by S. Osgood,) xlvii. y3. 3. The Book of Job, 1854, p. 8vo. 4. Hist, of Eug.: vols, i., ii..l856; 2d ed., 1858; iii..iv., 1858. Froude, Richard IlurreH, 1803-1836, entered Oriel Coll., Oxf., 1821; elected Fellow, 1826; Tutor, 1827- 30: ordained deacon. 1828; priest, 1829, Remains, Lon., 1S38-39, 4 vols. Svo. The publication of these vols. .which are of the Oxford Tract School, elicited a warm controversj. •■ The publication of Froude's Remains is likely to do more harm than is capable of doing. The Oxf ird School has acted most unwisely in giving its sanction to such a deplorable example of mistaken zeal."— Korert Southey : Letter to Rev. John Miller, July 21, 1838. "Mr. Froude, or rather his editors, appear to have fallen into the error of supposing that his pi-ofession gave him not merely the right to admonish, but the privilege to scold. ... A good and able man, a ripe scholar, and a devout Christian." — Sir Jas. Ste- PEiEN : thp lives of Whitfield and Froud^^, in Edin. Iter.. 1838. Frowde, Capt. Neville, of Cork. His Life, Extra- ordinary Adventures, Voyages, and Surprising Escapes, Lon., 1708, 8vo. Frowde, Philip, d. 1738, an English poet, was edu- cated at Oxfurd, where he formed a friendship with Joseph Adilison, who took pains to introduce him to those whose good will would bo likely to profit him, and pub. some of his Latin poems in the Musie Auglieante. He wrote two tragedies :~1. The Fall of Saguntum, 1727, Svo; 2. Phi- 640 t= f > } lotas ; both unsuccessful in representation, yet not without literary merit. " Mr. Frowde's tragedies have more poetry than pathos, more beauties of languace to please in the closet, than strokes of inci- dent and action tn strike and astonish in the theatre: and conse- q'is.;.intly they miiiht furce a due ap].lause from the reading, at the same time that they mii. P. 1. Local Taxes of the LTnited Kingdom, Lon., 1846. r. 8vo. 2. Poor Law Acts of 1S5L Introduc. Notes and Inilex, 1851, 12mo. Fry, Edmund, M.D. 1. Spec, of Printing Types, Lon., 1785, '98, Svo. 2. Pantographia; copies of all the known Alphabets, &c., 1798, r. Svo. •'The specimens of characters in this interesting and laborious work are executed with great neatness.'' — JVatt's liihl. Brit. Fry, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1780-1845, one of the most eminent of modern philanthropists, a sister of Joseph John Gurney, equally well known for public and private use- fulness, was a native of Norwich. England. In 1800 she was married to Mr. Fry, and became the mother of a large family. For an account of her ** abundant labours" in prisons and among the captives of ignorance, we must refer to the Memoirs of her which have been given to the world. Mrs. Fry pub. Observations on visiting Female Prisoners, Texts for every Day in the Year; new ed., Lon., 1850, 64mo, &c. 1. Memoirs, Letters, and Journal, edited by two of her daughters, 1847, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1848. '* We rise from its perusal with softened yet elevated thouLjhts. It is worthy — do mean praise — to take its place upon our shelves beside the more rugged but equally kind and catholic journal of George Fox, the great founder of the society. ... It is a book to make a kind man's eye spaikle beniirnautly." — Lon. Examiner. "A woman of whom her country may justly be proud, and whose name may well be enrolled among the benefactors of the human lace." — British Critic. 2. Memoirs of. by Rev. T. Timpson,1846, 12mo; 2d ed., 1S47; 3d ed., 1853. 3. Life of, compiled from her Journal, by Susannah Corder, 1853, Svo. Lady Holland gives us an interesting extract from a sermon preached by her father, the late Rev. Sydney Smith, after visiting Newgate with Mrs. Fry : ''Indeed the subject of imprisonment occupied bis mind so much, that during a visit to town, having been much interested by the account of Mrs. Fry's benevolent exertions in prison, he requested permission to accompany her to Newgate; aud I have heard him say he never felt more deeply affected or impressed than by the beautiful spectacle he there witnessed: it made him, he said, weep like a child. In a sermon he preached shortly after, he introduced the follnwing pasfji^e : "'There is a spechicle which this town now exhibits, that I will venture to call the most solemn, the most Christian, the most affect^ ing, which any human being ever witnessed. To see tliat holy wo- man in the midst of the wretched prisoners, to see them all calling earnestly upon God, soothed by her voice, animated by her look, clinging to the hem of her garment; and worshipping her as the only being who has ever loved them, or taught them, or noticed them, or spoken to them of God! This is the sight which breaks down the pageant of the world; which tells us that the short hour of life is passing away, aud that we must prepare by some good deeds to meet God; that it is time to give, to pray, to comfort; to go, like this blessed woman, and do the work of our heavenly Saviour, .Jesus, among the guilty, among the broken-hearted, and the sick, and to labour in the deepest and darkest wretchedness oMife.'" Fry, H. P. 1. System of Penal Discipline, Lon., Svo. 2. Apostolic Succession, 1844, Svo. '•We regard this work as a great curiosity; it is far the best trear tisethat has come under our notice, from the Traetarian school, on these very difficult subjects; full of Icirning and information of the riLiht kind." — Church of Eng. Quar. Bev. Fry, J. Reese, a journalist of Philadelphia. The Life of General Zachary Taylor, by J. R. F. and Robert T. Conrad. Phila., 12mo. ''On the whole, we are satisfied that this volume is the most cor- rect and comprehensive life yet published."— i/«Ji('i- McTcfianCt Mag. Fry, James. Sorm., Lon., 1789, Svo. Fry, John, M.P. I. The Accuser Shamed. Lon.. 1648. 2. The Clergy in their Colovrs; or, a brief character of FRY FUL tlioni, 1650, ISmo. Both ordered to be burned bj the .Sheriffs of Loudon and Middlesex. 3. Divine Beams of Glorious Li^bt, 1651, 4to. Fry* John. Marriage between near kindred^ Lon., 1750. '7'A. .Svo. Fry, John. Seloc. from Thos. Carew's Poet. Works, with a Life and Notes, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 2. The Legend of Marv, Queen of Scots, and other Ancient Poems from MSS. of Ihe 1 6th Century, 1804, 4to and 8vo. Fry, John, llectur of Desford, brother of Caroline Fry, afterwards Mrs. Wilson. 1. Canticles, or Song of Solomon j a new Trans., Lon., 1811, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1826. *• In this publication the author's plan is tirst to give an accurate translation of the Soufi of Solomon, and to show the nature and dysij^n of tin- liook. He has availed himself of the labours of pre- vious traiistatois, especially Bishop I'ercy andDr. J. M.Good; after the lattt-r of whom he considers the iSong of Solomon as a collec- tion of idyls or little poems, which are desitjned for instruction and edilicatioo in the mysteries of our holy reliL'ion. Thoui^h the translitor has taken much pains in consultiui^ other writers, his work bears ample testimony that he has not servilely fnllowed them, but has evidently thnuj^ht for himself." — Home's liihl. Bib. 2. The Sick Man's Friend, Leicester, 1814, 8vo. 3. Pre- sent for the Convalescent, 12mo. 4. Lcct., Esidan. and Prac, on Komans, 1816, 8vo; 1825. " Althou^'h the writer of these remarks can hy no means agree with Mr. F. in his doctrinal views, he cheerfully adds that it is almost impossible to peruse a single lecture without being deeply impressed with the important praclifal considerations which are earnestly urged upon the reader's attention." — IIorxe. " Devotional and practical." — Bickerst elk's Christtan Studeiit. 5. Lyra Davidis; or, a New Trans, and. Expos, of the Psalms, on the principles of Bishop Uorsley, Lon., 1S19, 8vo; 2d ed., 1842. ■' The love of system or hypothesis is carried to the utmost len^ith. Mr. Fry is a Hutchinsonian or Uorsleyan, to the very core. The Psalms are not translated, but traveslied. The opinion or system of the translator rather than a ver.sion of the Psalms, is constantly obtruded on us. The utmost violence is often done to the mean- ing of words, to the construction of sentences, and to the design of the inspired writer, in order to support a useless and nni^rounded hypothesis. The book contains leaiuiug, and is also orthodox: but is on the whole an indifferent performance.'' — Orme's Bthl. Bib. ''It is subject to the same defects which characterize all those interpreters of the Book of Psalms who expound them wholly of the Messiah." — HoiTie's Bibl. Bib. "On the plan of Bp. Uorsley and Mr. Allix, but much farther extended than Uorsley. or perhaps than he justly maintained. . . . I have found this work throw much light on the I'siluis." — BicK- ERSTETH. 6. The Second Advent, 1822. 2 vols. Svo. "There is scarce a prophecy in the Old Testament concerning Christ which doth not, in something or other, relate to hi.s second coming." — Sir Isaac N'ewtox. ''Fry's work on the Second Advent is designed purposely to bring the prophecies together on this subject, and to illustrate them." — ElCKERSTETH. "It is generally allowed to be an admh-able work." — XowJ7irf«*s Brit. Lib. 7. A Short Hist, of the Christian Church, 1825, Svo. An excellent work, on the plau of MiUier's History. " In Fry's History we have in one volume a history of the church at large: but we yet want, in a single volume, a history of the church in our country to the present time."— Bickersteth. This want has since been supplied. Sec Baxter, John A. 8. A New Trans, and Expos, of the Eook of Job, 1827, Svo. "Opposing the rationalists." — Bicker. \tc.lli's Chri&lian StiaUnt. 9. Observ. on the Unfulfilled Prophecies of Scripture, 1S38, Svo. "A most interesting volume."— Pres6i/('^r/on Rev. " Many valuable thoughts in this work." — Bicker&tWis Christian Studmt. Fry, John. 1. Cat. of Valuable Old Books, including several Specimens of Early Printing, Bristol, 1814. 2. Bib- liographical Memoranda; in Illustration of Early Eng. Lit., 1816, sm. 4to. Only ninety-nine printed, at £3 13s. 6rf. Some very silly remarks occur on pages 85, 86. Fry, Richard. Serms.. Lon.. 1795, '99, Svo. Kry, Sainuol. Serms.. Lon.. 1745, '56, '59, 8vo. Fry, Kev. Thomas. The Guardian of Public Credit; a new System of Finance, Lon., 1797, Svo. Fry, Thomas, Rector of Emberton, Bucks. Funl. Serm. on Mrs. J. S. Stevens, Camb., 1832, Svo. Fry, Wm. New Vocabulary of the most difficult Words in the Eng. Lan., Lon., 1784. 12mo. Fry, Wm. H. Complete Treat, on Artificial Fish- Breeding. Lon., 1854, p. Svo. AVc have here the substance of four French and three English books, and trans, of French reports on this interesting subject. "The discovery of artificial fish culture claims to show how, at little c;irf and little cost, barren or impoverished streams may be stocked toan unlimited extent withthe rarest and most valuable breeds of fish, from ezgs artificinlly procured, impregnated, aud hatched."— ^'f^'tfcZ/rfWi Preface. See copious extracts in Boston Living Age, vol, xliv., pp. 21-;i0. Fryc, C. B. Cutting for the Stone, Lon., ISll, Svo. Fryer, Henry, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Facts, 1797, 1800; to Trans. Med. and Chir., ISOD. Fryer, John, M.D. New Account of East India and Persia; being nine years' travels, 1672-81, with cuts, Lon., 1698, fol. " Contitins many curious particulars respecting the Natural His- tory and Medicine of these countries." — Bibl. Brit, Fryth, John. See Fitirn. Fulbeck, or Fiilbecke, >Vm., b. in Lincoln in 1560, educated at St. Alban Hall, and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., removed to Gray's Inn, and became learned in the law. 1. Christian Ethics, Lon., 1587. Svo. 2, Factions. Ae. of the Romans and Italians, 1600, '01, 4to. 3. A Direction or Preparatiue to the Study of the Lawe, 1000-20, Svo. By T. H. Stirling, 1829, Svo. " Sir Tho. Kgerton. Lord Chancellor, publickly declared on the bench, 'That he did never read any book of this subject that bet- ter pleased him for stile and method.' Hie auribus audivi. T [ho] 8 [andersouj Line, llosp., 1000." — MS. Note: see Lowndes's Uibl. Man. 4, A Parallele or Conference of the Civill Law, the Ca- non Law, and the Common Law of this Realme of Eng- land. Digested in sundry Dialogues, 1601-02, two parts, sm. 4to. " But this book lying dead on the bookseller's hands, he put a new title to the first part, as if the whole had been leprinted at London. Itds, but to the second not, leaving the old title bearing date ltio2." — Atlifn. Oron. 5. The Pandects of the Law of Nations, 1G02, sm. 4to. 6. Abridgt. of lloman Histories, 1608, 4to. "A neglected but ingenious writer."~IIvRoiiAVE. t» citing No.^. Fulcher, G. W. L Pout. Miscell., Lon., 1842, '53, 32mo. 2. Village Paupers, and other Poems, 2ii ed., 1846, fp. Svo. New ed., 1S53. " Had Gn]d?mith live. The Test of the N. Tost., translated out of the Vulgar Latin by the Papists of the traitorous seminarie at Rheims. Whereunto is added the translation out uf the original Greek, com- monly used in the Church of England; with a confutation of all such arguments, glo.=ses, and annotations as contain manifest impietie, heresy, treason and slander against tho Catholic Church of God, and the true teachers thereof, or the translations used in the Church of England, 1580, '89, 1601. fol. And in 11117 and 1G33, fol., with a defence of the English trans, of the Scriptures, against Gregorie Martin, This last piece was repiib. by the Parker Society, edited by the Rev. C. H. Ilartshorne, Camb., 1843, Svo; and the same society repub. Martiall's Reply, edited by the Rev. Richard Gibbing.s 1848, Svo. Fulke's Text of the N. Test., &c. is an invaluable as- sistant to the Protestant divine: '^ This work may be said to imbody the whole popish controversy respei-tius the Scriptures. And as it gives in parallel columns the Khemish translation of the Vulgate, and the Bishops' Transla- tion, it enables the reader to make an easy ccmi arison of their respective merits. At the end of the voUuue is an elaborate da- fence of the English translations of the S..'riptures against Gregory Martin, which contains much curious and learned information. Fulke was a very able man, and his work is entitled to a place id every critical library. Mr. [Charles] Uutler, though a Catholic, very candidly recommends it as very curious aud deseiving of afc iention:'—Oi-mc'$ Bibl. Bib. Dm. FUL TVe may add that the learned Mr. Butler was dissatisfied with the " Douay Bible." He remarks : "Still tbe version is imperfect : a more correct version is. per- h.ips, at present, tlie greatest spiritual want of the Knglish Catholics." "That late elegant scholar and pious divine, the Rev. .lames Hervey, (though sometimL'S rather too candid and indiscriminate in his public recommendations of books.) passed the follnwiug very just encomium on Dr. Fulke's noble performance: — He styles it 'a valuable piece of autient controversy and criticism, full of sound divinity, wei!{hty arguments, and important observations ;' adding,—' would the young student be tauglit to discover the very sinews of popery, and be tnabled to give an effectual blow to that couiplicalion of errors, I scarce know a treatise better calculated for the purpose.' "—ffonu-'s Bibl. Bib. See Home's Introduction for an account of the contro- versy connected with this version. " A very complete reply to the Romanists' notes."— Bictcrsleth s Chris. Stu. Thomas Cartwright, q. v.. also wrote a Confutation of the Rhemish Translation, ic, 1618, fol. Fulke wrote several other works, iirincipally against the Church of Fuilager, John. 1. Religion. 2. Doctrine, Ac, 1801, Fiillarton, Col. 1. Agricult. of Ayr, Edin., 179.3, 4to. '■ One of the best of the Scotch surveys."— />.«iaWs»«'s Agricult. Biog. 2. Lett, on Torture, 1806, 4to. Fullarton, John. The Turtle-Dove, Ac. By a Lover of the Celestiall Musos, Edin., 166i, sm. 8vo. '■ Chielly composed iu verse, but of no very elevated character." ^Lowutks's BibL Man. Marked in a bookseller's cat., about 18.34, £5 5s. Fullarton, John. On the Regulation of Currencies, Lon., 1844, Svo ; 2d ed., 1845. " The volume is one of great merit, and ought to be in the hands of all who interest themselves in the subject. It is one of the ablest which the discussions of Sir Robert Peel's Bank Bill havo produced." — Scotsman. " With the single exception of the ' Histoiy of Prices,' no work has appeared so well calculated to suggest important reflections and considerations on these subjects, or which will so amply repay the trouble of a careful perusal."- ion. Ecrmmiist. Fullarton, Wm. 1. English Interests in India and Military Operations in the Southern part of the Peninsula in 178'2-84, Lon., 1787. 8vo. 2. Letter to Lord C, 1801, Svo. ?.. Trinidad, 1804, 4to. 4. Ans. to Picton, 1805, 4to. Fuller, Andrew, 1754—1815, an eminent Baptist minister, a native of Wicken, Cambridgeshire, was settled for a short time at Soham. and afterwards removed to Kettering, whore he resided until his death. The works of this excellent man are greatly esteemed. We notice the principal : 1. The Calvinistical and Socinian Systems e.xamined and compared as to their Moral Tendency, 1794, '96, 1802, Svo. Repub. as No. 18 of Ward's Lib. of Standard Divinity. " A highly valuable publication for the author's masterly defence of the doctrines of Christianity, and his acute refutation of the op- posite erna-s." — Wm. Wilderforce, M.P. "A most valuable work, with much power of reasoning and unction of spirit." — Bv:ht;rsteth^s Chris. Hlit. 2. Socinianism Indefensible. In reply to Toulmin and Kentish. 3. The Gospel its own Witness, 1799-1800, Svo. "Convince him [the infidel] of sin, there is an end of his infi- delity, root and branch. . . . Fuller in hisGospel its own Witness has pursued this train of ai-gument, and made the infidel feel the point of the two-edged sword." — BiclcrstetlCs C/tris. S(u. 4. Memoirs of Rev. S. Pearco, 1800, Svo. " This is an interesting piece of biography." — Dr. E. Willictms's Christian Preacher. 5. The Backslider, ISOl, Svo. Now ed., with Pref. by the Rev. J. A. James, 1840, ISino; 1847, 24mo. B. View of Religions, by Haun.ah Adams, with addits., 1805, Svo. The 3d Lon. edit, with the improvements of (he 4th Amcr. ed., and many new Articles and Corrections throughout, of Miss Adams's excellent work, was pub. in 1823, Svo; edited by T. William.s, with addits. and reflections. 7. Thornton Abbey; being Religious Letters by Mr. John Satchell, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Dialogues, Letters, and Essays on various Subjects, 1806, 12mo. 9. E.'jpos. Dis- courses [58] on Genesis, 1806, 2 vols. Svo. " Chiefly intended for family use."— WlLLLOls. " His discourses are not critical, (for he was mostly a self-taught man.) but they are shrewd, instructive, and touching. He seizes the principal points of the passage, and often illustrates them very happily.— Ormc's DiU. Bib. " Rliich originality of critical remark must not be expected, nor must the reader be surprised if he often meet with a trite and ob- vious reflection; but we will venture to promise him. much more frequently, a manly, judicious, and useful train of observation, expressed in simple and vigorous language." — Lon. Eclectic Rev., O. S., 2d Pt., ii. 896. " Judicious, evangelical, and practical." — BicJ^crsteth^s CJiris. Stu. "The author selects a paragraph of convenient length, and fur- FUL nishes a concise exposition of its leading circumstances, accom- panied with a few practical reflections." " Those who have Fuller and Bush, with a prayerful mind, have every aid they can desire in the study of this book."— i&n. Evan- ad. Mot/". ' '-The author of this work has lone; been known by his able publications on the absurdity of deism, and the immoral tendency of Socinian tenets."— Borne' s Bibl. Bib. Serms. on various subjects, 1814, Svo. 10. -Lowndes's Bihl. These sermons are much valued by Baptists.'' Man. 11. Expos. Discourses on the Apocalypse, 1815, Svo. "There is. however, but little novelty in the work, but little to gratify the anxious curiosity of the age. or to elucidate the unful- filled and uinre difficult parts of the Revelation. The general outline of the prophetic scheme is boldly sketched, and its various ramiti- cations are marked with that precision which was common to the writer; but iu general there is an extreme of modesty and diffi- dence, with scarcely any attempts to pass the usual boundaries of thought on these subjects, or any adventurous flight of specula- tion."— jtforn's's Memoirs nf Mr. Fuller, where see (pp. 200-260) an abstract of F.'s scheme of the Apocalypse. " His Genesis is superior to the Apocalypse ; for the exposition ofwhichhehad neither sufficient reading nor leisure."— Ormis's Bibl. Bib. 12. The Harmony of Scripture; or, re attempt to recon- cile various Passages apparently contradictory, 1817, Svo. Posth. "The Harmony contains some judicious observations on fifty- five passages, written originally for the use of a private friend."— Orme''s Bibl. Bib. In 1815, Svo. Mr. J. W. Morris pub. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Andrew Fuller. A memoir by the author'? son, Andrew Gunton Fuller, is prefixed to the complete edit, of the former's Works, 1831-32, 5 vols. Svo. There have been also eds. of his Complete Works, 1838, imp. Svo; 1840, imp. Svo; 1S45, imp. Svo; 1852, imp. Svo; 1853, imp. Svo. There is also an e.Kcellent ed., in 3 vols. Svo, pub. by the Baptist Publication Society of Phila., edited by the Rev. Joseph Belcher, well known as the editor and author of many vnluahle works. See the name in this Dictionary. Principal AVorks, with a Mem. by his sou, Bohn's Standard Lib., 1852, p. Svo. Reports of his serms. and a number of his treatises have been repub. from time to time. We conclude with some testimonies from eminent authorities to the value of this able writer and truly ex- emplary man : " I am sluwly reading Andrew Fuller's works. He was an inte- resting man; oneof the wisest and most moral-minded of his day. He possessed wonderful strength of mind; and is an instance how Providence can draw forth instruments from the most unlikely quarters."— Bishop .Tebb. *' A biographer of Fuller has justly remarked of him, that he thought with Owen, and wrote with the pointed pen of Baxter." — Orme's Bibl. Bib. *' He was a writer among the Baptists, but of the same good school of divinity as Scott. With a lively imagination and all the powers of a masculine mind, he maintains the distinguishing doc- trines of the gospel, and insists on its practical holiness.'' — Bich- erstctb's Chris. Stu. '■The Kev. Andrew Fuller has been styled by the Americans. *The Franklin of Theologv ;' and it is said of him. that all his writings bear the powerful stamp of a mind which, for native vigour, original research, logical acumen, profound knowledge of the human heart, and intimate acquaintance with the Scriptures, has had no rival since the days of President Edwards." "■ Coming on to modern theological writers, I recommend you to familiarize yourselves with the works of the acute, the philosophi- cal, the profound, the pious, Jonathan Edwards, and those of Audrtrw Fuller. I know nothing like the latter for a beautiful conibin.atiou of doctrinal, practical, and experimental religion."— Cbunscls to Students of Theoloyy on leaving College, by John Angell The same author also remarks : '■ Did our students and young ministers, yes, and old ones too, know the almost inexhaustible mine of truth in his works, not one that could afford to purchase them would be without them. They contain the most entire union of sound Calvinistic divinity of the moderate school. Christian ethics and religious experience, not even excepting the works of President Edwards, in the Eng- lish language." '' Fuller was a man who.se sagacity enabled him to penetrate to the depths of every subject he explored; whose conceptions were so powerful and luminous, that what was recondite and original appeared familiar : what was intricate, easy and perspicuous in his hands ; equally successful in enforcing the practical, in stating the theoretical, aiid iu discussing the polemical branches ol theo- logv." — Robert Hai.i.. Fuller, Anne. Novels, 17S7-89. Fuller, Frances A., b. in Mourocville, Ohio, about 1826, has gained some reputation as author of a number of fugitive pieces in prose and verse. The poem entitled *' A Keverv" possesses decided merit. Fuller, Metta Victoria, younger sister to the pre- ceding, is belter known by the rather fanciful title of "Singing Sibyl." Of her poetical compositions, "Mid- night" and "The Silent Ship" may be instanced as pieces of great beauty. 1. Poems of Sentiment. N. York, 12mo. 2, Fresh Leaves from western Woods, Buffalo and New FUL York, 1852, 12mo. 3. The Senator's Son; or, The Maine Law a Last Refuge, Cleveland. 12mo. An excellent title, conveying an important truth. But why should not the ''Maine Law" be the first safeguard instead of the 'Mast refuge"? 4. Fashionable Dissipation, Phila., 1854, 12mo. Fuller, Francis, d. 1701, aged 64, a Nonconformist divine, curate of M^irksworth, near Banbury, after lf)62, when he was ejected, preached in various places. 1. 8erm., Lon., Itt96, 4to. 2. 8erm.. IT'Ht, 12mo. 3. Medicina (iym- nastica, 1704, 8vo. Many eds. By sume ascribed to Thomas Fuller, M.D. Fnller, H. \V., M.D., Assist. Phys. to St. George's I Uosp., Loudon. On Rheumatism, Gout, and Sciatica, Lon., 1852, 8vo; N. York, Svo. "Wft woulfl prtrticuliirly rt^^ouimend a careful peinisal of Dr. Fullor's pages."— 7i"". LavcH. Fuller, Hiram, a native of Plymouth county, Mass., publisher and editur of The New York Mirror fur fourteen years, pub. The Groton Letters in 1816, and in 1858 gave to the world a series of lively letters, entitled Belle Brit- tan, collected into a volume, — the first edition of which was cxl^austed in a few weeks. Fuller, Ignatius, Three Serms., Lon., 1672, Svo. Fuller, J. Views in Ireland, Lon., 1815. Fuller, John. Serm., 1681, 4to. Fuller, John. Con. on nat. philos., Ac. to Phil. Trans., 1704, '.-'.S. Fuller, John, M.D. 1. Recov. of the Drowne.l, Lon., 1785, 8vo. 2. Hist, of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Edin., 17t*it, 8vo. Fuller, John. The Teeth, 3d ed.. 1813. Svo. Fuller, Nicholas, of Gray's Inn. Argument, proving that Eccles. Commissiuners have no power to imprison, mulct. Ac. 11107, '41, '74, 4to. Fuller, Nicholas, 1557-1622, a native of Southamp- ton, educated at Hart Hall. Oxf., became Rector of Ailing- ton, Wiltshire, Preb. of Salisbury, and Rector of Bishop- Waltbam, Hampshire. Miscellanea Theolugica, lib. iii., Heidelb., 1612, Svo. Pub. with a 4th bo'.k, Oxou., 1616, 4to; Lon., 1617, 4to. Pub., with 5tb and 6th bouk.s— Mis- cellanea Sacra, cum Apologia coutra V. cl. Johau Dru- sium, Lugd. Bat., 1622, 4to. Leyd, 1650, 4to. " All which Miscellanies are remitted into the ninth vol. of the Critics, [Critica Sacra.] and scattered and dispersed through the whole work of M. Pool's Syunpsis.'" — Athen. Oxun. " The author was one of the best oriental scholars of his time. The six books of the Miscellanea include a cousiderable number of curious and important di.scussions." — Ormc's B,bl. Bib. " Urusius, the BelM:iau critic, ^'rown old, angry, and jealous that he should be outshined in his own sphere, foully cast some drops of ink upon him, which the other as fairly wiped off again." — FuJkr's Worthier of Hampshire. Fuller had never even seen the books of Drusius. '• Nicholas Fuller, the most admired critic of his time."— J^^ico. O.rorj. See Bliss's ed. for a notice of some other works of this author. Fuller, Richard, b. 1808, at Beaufort, S. Carolina, an eminent Baptist minister, was formerly one of the most prominent lawyers of his native State. He has been in the ministry for many years, and since 1847 has been con- nected with the Seventh Baptist Church in Baltimore. 1. Corresp. with Bishop England concerning the Roman Chancery, Bait., 12mo. 2. Corresp. with Dr. Wayland. 3. Serms. 4. Letters. 5. An Argument on Baptist and close Communion, Richmond, 1849, 12mo. 6. The Psalmist, with Supp. by R. F., and J. B. Jeter, Best, various sizes. This hymn-book is in general use among the Baptists in the U. States, and has been introduced into the British Provinces and London. Fuller, S. Margaret. See Ossoli, Marchesa d'. Fuller, Samuel. 1. Serm., 1682, 4to. 2. Canonica, 1690, 4to. Fuller, Stephen. Jamaica Acts, Ac., 1788, '89, 4to. F'uller, Thomas, 1608-1661, a native of Aldwinckle, Northamptonshire, at the early age of twelve entered Queen's Coll., Camb., and studied with such perseverance that he took the degree of A.B. in 1624, and that of A.M. in 1628. In 1631 he became Fellow of Sidney Coll., and in the same year was made Prebendary of Salisbury, after astonishing his hearers with his eloquence from the pulpit of St. Bennet's, Cambridge : and not long after was re- warded by the Rectorship of Broad-Windsor, Dorsetshire. Upon the death of his first wife, about 1641, he removed to Loudon and became minister of the Savoy. We may here mention that, after remaining a widower for thirteen years, he was, in 1654, married to a sister of Viscount Baltin- glasse. After Charles had quitted London, (in 1642,) Fuller preached a sermon in which he displayed both his FUL loyalty and the love of pertinent illustration which is ob- servable in his works. To the great indignation of the Parliamentarians, he gave out his text, *' Yea, let him take all, so that my lord the king return in peace." This sermon was published, and brought the good preacher into disrepute with those whose purposes would not have been furthered by *' bringing the king again in peace." Nothing daunted, when the Royalists took up "carnal weapons"' to defend their sovereign, Fuller joined the army as chaplain, and, not content with praying f«r the success of his soldiers, he so excited their courage by his exhortations, that Sir William Waller was obliged to raise the siege of Basinghouse with great loss. This is just what one would expect from the hearty, vigorous, genial tone of the author of the Worthies of England. As regards its propriety, we are not called upon to express an opinion. After the surrender of Exeter, in April, 1646, he removed to London, where he found his lecturer's [ilaee filled by another preacher. ]Iis eloquence, however, was too well known to permit of his being long without em- ployment. He was soon chosen lecturer at St. Clement's Lane, near Lombard Street; removed to St, Bride's in Fleet Street; was, in 1648, presented to the living of Waltham in Essex, which he left in 1658 for that of Cran- ford, Middlesex; recovered his prebend at the Restora- tion, readmitted to his Lectureship at the Savoy, and died in the year following. His principal works are the following ; 1. I)avid's Ilainous Sinne, Heartie Repentance, Heavio Punishment; a Poem, 1631. This, his first publication, a tract of 46 leaves, is now very rare. Bindley, £5 15s. 6d. Hjlibert, same copy, £6 6s. 2. The Historic of the Holy Warre. Camb., 16^9, '40, '42. "47, '51, f.il., with the Holy State, 1652, fol. Holy Warre, new ed., Lon., 1840, sm. Svo. 3. The Holy and Profane State; a collection of Characters, Moral Essays, and Lives, ancient, foreign, and domestic, Camb., 1642, '48, '52, '58, fol. New ed,, 1840, Lon., sm. 8vo. By Jas. Nichols, 1841, Svo. '■ Perhaps upon the whok- it is the hest of his works; and cer- tainly displays to better advantage than any, his origiuiil and vi- jj;oroua powers of thinkiug. It consists of two parts — the II"l;j nnd tht' Pri'finie Stutf : the former proposinj; examples for our imitation ; and the latter their opposites, for our abhorrence. Each contains characters of individuals in every department of life, as • the fiither,' ' husband,' ' soldier," and ' divine ;' lives of eminent persons as illus- trative of these characters; and general essays. In his conception of character he has followed Bishop Earle and Sir Thomas Dver- bury, but his manner of writing is essentially dillereut." — Lon. Jtetrosp. Hrv., 18iil, iii. 55. The Holy State contains — Lives of Monica, Abraham, Eliezer, Lady Paula, Hildegardis, Paracelsus, Br.AVhitaker, Julius Scaliger, Perkins, Dr. Metealf, Sir Francis Drake, Camden, Haman, Cardinal Wolsey, C. Brandon, Duke of Brandon, Lord Burleigh, Sir John Markham, St. Augustin, Bishop Ridley, Lady Jane Grey, Queen Elizabeth, Gustu- vus Adolphus, Edward the Black Prince. The Profane State contains — Lives of Joan Queen of Naples, Joan of Arc, Ctesar Burgia, John Audronicus, the Duke of Alva. 4. Good Thoughts in Bad Times, Exeter, 1645, 12mo; Lon., 1646, 18mo; 1810, ISmo. The first fruits of the Exeter press. Fuller tlea for himself, when excusing John Fox's error in assert- ing Marbeck to have been burnt at the stake, when Mar- beck "lived" — for all that we know to the contrary — "a prosperous gentleman:" " And it is impossible for any author of a voluminous hook, con- sisting of several persons and circumstances, (Re^^der, in pleading for Master Foxe I plead for myself.) t^ have such ubiquitary intelli- gence, as to apply the same infallibility to every particular." '* His Worthies is, we believe, more generally perused than any of his productions, and is perhaps the most agreeable; suffice to say of it. that it is a most fascinating storehouse of gossiping, anec- dote, and quaintness; a most delightful medley of interchanged 644 amusement, presenting entertainment as varied as it is inexhaust- ible. His Good Thoughts in Bad Times, and lesser works, are all equally excellent in their way, full of admirable maxims and re- flections, agreeable stories, and ingenious moralizations. It was, hs^^ever. in biography that Fuller excelled."' — Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 18*21, iii. M. Our Dictionary is greatly indebted to the Worthies of England, as our fretjuent acknowledgments testify. The Catalogues of the SheriflFs and the lists of the Gentry, as they were returned from tlie several counties in the twelfth year of Henry the Sixth, are very useful. But we have already given to honest Fuller more space than we can well afford, and must dismiss him after the citation of two or three more testimonies of his general excellence as a writer. •' Next to Shakspeare, I am not certain whether Thomas Fuller, beyond all other writers, does not excite in me the sense and emo- tion of the marvellous; the degree in which any given faculty, or combination of faculties, is possessed and manifested, so tar sur- passing what we would have thought passible in a single mind, as to give one's admiration the flavour and quality of wonder. Fuller was incomparably the most sensible, the least prejudiced great man of an age that boasted of a galaxy of great men. In all his nu- merous volumes, on so many different subjects, it is scarcely toe much to say. that you will hardly find a page in which some one sentence out of every three does not deserve to be quoted for Itself as a motto or as a maxim. . . . Fuller, whose wit {alike in quan- tity, quality, and perpetuity, surp;issing that of the wittiest in a witty agej nibbed him of the praise not less due to hiui for an equal superimity in sound, shrewd, good sense, and freedom of intellect." — S. T. Coleridge. '•A man of fancy.'* — BiSBOP Burxet. "The writings of Fuller are usually designated by the title of quaint, and with suificient reason; for such was his natural bias to conceits, that I doubt not, upon most occasions, it would have been going out of his way to have expressed himself out of them. But his wit is not always lumen siccum, a dry tiiculty of surpris- ing ; on the contrary, his conceits are oftentimes deeplv steeped in human feeling and passion. Above all, his way of telling a story, for its eager liveliness, and the perpetual running commentary of the narrator happily blended with the narration, is perhaps un- equalled." — Charles Ij^mb. See the authorities cited above, and an article on Fuller and his Writings, in the Boston Christian Examiner : highly landed by an eminent English authority. The reader must procure, also. Memorials of the Life and Writ- ings of Thomas Fuller, by the Rev. Arthur T. Russell, Vicar of Caxton, Cambridgeshire. Lon., 1844, sm. Svo. And see Broome, Rev. AnrnuR, in this Dictionary. Fuller was remarkable for his piety, his wit, his kind- ness of heart, his learning, his conversational powers, and his wonderful memory. '• He had a memory so vastly comprehensive that he is deservedly known for the first inventor of that noble art [memoria technics: but this was known to the ancients] whereof he left no rules be- hind him, but many extraordinary jiroofs; as. after a walk from Temple-Bar to the furthest conduit in Cheapside his repeating all the signs on both sidesof the way, orderly, without missing or mis- placing one; and so he would do by the words of diHerent languages to any number; [500, at least, after twice hearing them, it has been stated:] to the great astonishment of his hearers." — Bing. Brit. Fuller, Thomas, M.D.. 1654-1734, honourably dis- tinguished for his kindness to the poor, (see Cotton Mather's Essays to do Good,) was educated at Queen's ColL, Camb., and practised at Sevenoaks, Kent. 1. Pharmacopoeia Ex- temporanea, Lon., 1701, Ac, Svo. Trans, into French and German. 2. Pharmacopceia Bateana, 171S, ub. a Vindication of his voyage, in the same year, in answer to it. The Vindication elicited a reply from John Welbc, a midshipman in Dampier's ship. See an account of this matter in Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, under 1707 ; and see Dampier, Capt. Wm., in this Dictionary. FunucU's n.arrative is repub. in Harris's Collec. of Voy. and Trav., vol. i. 2. Voyage to Magel- lanica in 1703. See Callander's Voy., iii. 145, 1766. Furber, Robert. 1. Cat. of Eng. and For. Trees, Lon., 1727, Svo. 2. Flower-Garden display 'd, 1732, 4to. 3. Short Introduc. to Gardening, 1733, Svo. 4. CoUec. of Flowers for the twelve Months, fol. Furley, Lieut. Maxims and Morals for our Conduct through Life, 1791, 12mo. Furlong, J. S. Law of Landlord and Tenant in Ire- land. Dubl., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. Furlv, Samuel. Scrm., 1779, 4to. Furman, Richard, D.D., d. 1825, a Baptist minister of Charleston, S. C, pub. a serm. in 1796, and furnished Rams.iy, the histori.an.with a statistical account of Camden. Furneaux, Philip, D.D., 1726-1783, a Dissenting minister, lecturer at Clapham, in Surrey, 1753-76, pub. Scrms., 1758-69, Letters to Justice Blackstone on his Expos, of the Act of Toleration, 1793, Svo. His Letters to Blackstone are said " To have induced the learned commentator to alter some posi- tions in the subsequent editions of his valuable work." See Lon. Gent. Mag., vols, li., liii Furness, Rev. John. ThePract. Surveyor, Lon. ,1809. Furness, Rev. William H., b. in Boston, April 20, 1802; grad. at Harvard Coll. in 1820; completed his theo- logical education in 1823 : ordained as pastor of the First Congreg. Unitarian Church in Philadelphia. Jan. 12, 1825. 1. Remarks on the Four Gospels, Phila., 1S36; Lon. 1837, 645 FUR GAD '51. 2. Jesus and his Biographers, 1838. 3. A History of Jesus, 1850. New etl.. 1S63 ; Lon., 1850. **The author is a man whom to know is to love, who is deeply penetrated with the spirit of Cbristiiinity, and whose whole life anil character have frrown from intimate heart-communion with the objects of his religious faith. He is a man of a rich, active, and fruitful intellect, of the most liberal culture, of warm enthusiasm and giowiu]^ fiincy. But heisiieithera logician norcritic. ^^sthetic considerations weigh more with him than historical proofs, and vividness of conception than demonstration. So far is he from needing facts to verify his theories, that he is ready to reject the best-authenticated facts, if they would not flow necessarily from his d prioH reasoning. ... A History of Jesus is a title worthy of the author's honesty. The definite article would have been sadly out of place; for the work is not an exposition of the Gospels as they are. but an original Gosptd. embracin;^ and endorsing such portions of the record of the evangelists as accorded with his no- tions of what must and should have been, and telling the rest of the story as the evangelists would have told it had they belonged to his school of philosophy and theology. His theoiy is, we believe, entirely original and peculiar. It is naturalism in a form so irra- tional and untenable that we can hardly conceive of its ever find- ing a second advocate." — A. I*. PEAcoDy, in N. Amer. Hev., Lxxi. 464; see also Chris. Exam., xlix. 209; xv. 277. 4, Domestic Worship, 1842. New e*l., 1850. 5. Mirror of Nature, trans, from the German of Schubert. 6. Gems of German Verse. " He is a poet of fine taste, and deep feeling, and has published fugitive poems, chiefly hymns and devotional pieces. He has made exquisite translations from the German, chief of which stands his version of Schiller's ' Song of the Bell.' He is a lover of the beauti- ful arts, and has rendered them great service in Philadelphia." — Mm of the Timf, iV' lark, 1852. 7. A vol. of Discourses, 1855, 12mo. 8. Julius, and other Tales J from the German, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 9. Thoughts on the Life and Character of Jesus of Nazareth, Bost., 1859, 12mo. Mr. Furness edited The Diadem, a Philadelphia annual, for three years, and has occasionally contributed to the Christian Examiner, pub. in Boston. Furniss, William, of N. York. 1. The Old World; or, Scenes and Cities in Foreign Lands, with a Map and Illustrations, New York, 1850, 8vo. 2. Waraga; or, The Charms of the Nile. 12mo. 3. The Land of the Caesar and the Doge, 1853, 12mo. See Putnam's Maga- zine, i. 2;:'>0. Fursman, John. Serm., 1715, 8vo. Furtado, Johu. 1, 2. Works on Thorough Bass, 179S, 8vo. 3. The Piano Forte, ^c, 1798, 4to. Fuseli, Henry, 1741-1825, a celebrated painter, a native of Zurich, visited England in 1763, and was per- suaded by Sir Joshua Reynolds, who discovered his great abilities, to adopt the profession of an artist. In 1770 he visited Italy, where he remained for nine years, and on his return at once took a position among the first painters of the day. From this time until his death he annually contributed to the Royal Academy. He died at the ripe age of 87, when on a visit to the Countess of Guilford, at Putney Hill. For an account of his life, artistic labours, and his views of professional matters, we must refer the reader to his Life and Works, (Lectures on Painting, Aphorisms, History of Arts in the Schools of Italy, &c..) the former written, the latter edited, by John Knowles, 1831, 3 vols. Svo. See also Autobiography of Haydon: By Tom Taylor, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. His Lectures, two series, were also pub. separately, 1801, &e. As early as 1765, 8vo, he pub. Reflections on the Painting and Sculp- ture of the Greeks, with Instructions for the Connoisseur, and an Essay on Grace in Works of Art, trans, from the German of the Abbe Winkelmann ; and in 1805 he gave to the world an improved ed. of Pilkington's Diet, of Painters, 4to. Of this work there have been later eds. See the name. The Life and Works of Fuseli must not be neglected by the student: '■ These volumes are pi^-rhaps the most valuable, as regards the fine arts, ever published in England. Every one who possesses the lectures of Sir Joshua Reynolds should possess also those of Fuseli. comprised in the above work, together with the painter's Aphorisms on Art, and his History of the Italian Schools of Paint- ing and Sculpture, all of which are included in the present edi- tion." — Lan. Month. Eev. See also Wornum's Lectures hy the llnyal Academirian.s, ic, 1848. Mr. Robert Balmanno, now (1858) living in Brooklyn, New York, was an intimate friend and one of the execu- tors of Fuseli. As already stated, (sceBALiiANXo, Robert.) we have earnestly urged Mr. B. to give to the world some reminiscences of the departed great, — the friends who have passed before him into the world of spirits. We fear, how- ever, that this desire must remain among the ungratified. Fyfe, Andrew. 1. A System of Anatomv and Phy- siology. 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1787, 3 vols. Svo ; 1800, 3 vols. 4to. New ed., 1820, 3 vols. 4to. "2. Anatomy of the Human Body, Edin., 1800, 3 vols. 4to ; vol. iv., 1804, '07, 3 vols. 8vo. 3. Anatomia Britannica, 1804, 3 vols. 12moj 4th ed., ISIO, 3 vols. Svo, entitled A Comp. of the Anatomy of the Human Body. New ed., 1822. 4 vols. 8vo. 4. Compara- tive Anatomy, 1813, Svo. 5. Elements of Chemistry, Svo. 6. Manual of Chemistry, 12mo. 7. Reciprocal Influence of Body and Mind, Svo. Fyfe, Archibald. Poems and Criticisms, Paris, 180t;. 12mo. Fyler, Samuel. Serms., Ac, 16S0-17O0. FyloU, Jasper. A Treatise against the Possessions of the Clergye, gedderd and compyled by J. F., Lon., lOmo. Fynch, Martin. Practical Divinity, Lon., 165S, Svo. Fynes, Charles, LL.D. Serm., 1798, 4to. Fynn, Robert. Brit. Consuls Abroad; their Origin, Rank. Privileges, Duties, Ac, 2d ed., Lon., 1848, 12mo. " This work is written with manifest care and judt^ment; its contents are not only of vital importance to Consuls, but to Mer- chants, Ship-ownei-s, Captains, and Travellers." Fynney, Fielding Best, Surgeon. Con.to Mcd.Com., 1775, 76, '85 j to Memoirs Med., 1789: to Phil. Trans., 1777. Fysh, Henry, Vicar of Middleton, Norfolk. Serm. on Pruv. X. 27. 1738, 8vo. Fysh, Thomas. Serm. on Zech. xii. 8, 1085, 4to. F'ysher, Robert. Catalogus Impressorum Librorum Biltliotheca BodleianiB in Academia Oxoniensi, Oxon., 1738, 2 vols. fol. See Bodley, Sir Thomas. Fyson, Thomas, Chaplain to the Earl of Usbridge. Serm. on 1 Cor. xv. 58, 1715, Svo. G. Gabb, Rev. Thomas. Finis Pyramidis ; or, Dis- quisitiona concerning the Antiquity and Scientific End of the great Pyramid of Giza. Lon., 1806. Svo. Gabbett, Joseph. 1. Abridgt.. ie. of the Stat. Law of Eng. and Ire., Dubl., 1S12-18, 4 vols. Svo. New ed., to 1841, inclusive. *' An excellent and accur.ite digest." See Warren's Law Studies, SSI ; 1 Leg. Rep., 245 ; Tomlin's Diet., Pref. 2. Crim. Law, 18,35-43, 2 vols. Svo. Gabble, Gridiron, <. c, Joseph Haslewood. Green Room Gossip; or, Gr.avity gallinipt. Gabell, Henry. 1. Hif;h Price of Corn, Lon., 1796, Svo. 2. A Fust Serm., 1799, Svo. Gabriel, John. Essay towards the Theory of an Invisible World, The Archetypally, 2d ed., 1700, Svo. It is supposed that Swift was indebted to the Theory of an Invisible World. Gabriel, Rob. Burd, D.D., d. 1804. Tracts reh to the Rev. Dr. White's Bampton Lect., Lon., 1789, Svo. Gace, Wni. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1578, '79. Gadbury, Job, d. 1715, a disciple of John Gadbury, probably succeeded him in the publication of his almanac. Gadbury, John, 1627-1092? a notorious astrologer, pull, almanacs, astrological treatises, nativities, &e., 1656- 91, a list of which will ho found in the Bibl. Brit. The Black Life of John Gadbury, written and pub. by Par- trid.L^e, appeared in 1(393. Gadbury, Thomas or Timothy. Astrolog. Pre- dict, of Chas. IL, his coming to the Crown of Eng., Lon., IfiOO, fol. Gaddesby, or Gadesby, Richard. 1. Decimal Arilh., Lon., 1757, Svo. 2. Geography, 1776, 12mo. Gaddesden, John of, who lived in the early part of the 14th century, was the first Englishman employed as a physician at court, being appointed by Edward II. Before this the court-physicians had been foreigners. Dr. Freind, in his Hist, of Physic, exposes, in a humorous manner, the ignorance, quackery, and superstition of Gad- desden. He wrote Rosa Anglica : seu Praetica Medicinse a Capita ad Pedus Papioe, 1492, '99, fol. Venct., 1502, '06, fol. Neapoli, 1508. Trew, 1516, fol. Aug. Vind., 1595, 2 vols. 4to, with Notes by Schopfius. Sc« Bibl. Brit. '■ He Feems to have made a collection of all the receipts he had ever met with or heard of; and this book atfords us a cuiuplete history of what niedirines were in use. not only anions the phy- sicians of that time, but among the common people in all parts of GAD See Englard, both In the empirical anil superstitious way Frelnd's History ofPhyEic. ^ ,, • 1 ^:» 1 •' The m^tlKwl of proaucins fresh from salt water by simple ais- . tillation. (in an alembic- with a iientle heat.l is fiimiliarly men- tioned bv this author, even at so remote a period. fcee Aikin s BiO" Memoirs of Med.; Kees's Cyc. ; Chahuers's Biog. Diet. Gadsden. Funl. Serm. on Bp. Dehon. In Dehon s Serms., ii. 529. Gael, Samuel H. 1. Contingent and Eventual Losses, Lon., 8vo. 2. Legal Composition, 1S40, Svo. An excellent work. 3. Prec. of Exam., &.C.. 1S43, 12mo. "This is a very useful work." — 7 Jurist. 351. Gage, Viscouut. Lett. rel. to legalizing marriage with a fleceaserl wife's sister, Lon., 1851, Svo. Gage, John. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of Ilengrave in Suffolk, Lon., 1822, r. 4to and imp. 4to. Highly com- mended. 2. Hist, and Antiq. of .Suffolk, 1S:',8, r. 4to and imp. 4to. This work contains the complete history of the Thint'O Hundred, which is all that h.is been pub. Gage, M. 1. Cryptography ; or. Secret Writing, Norw., 1809, Svo. 2. Answer rel. to W. Blair resp. a Cypher, 1809, Svo. , , I Gage, Thomas, a R. Catholic missionary who turned , Protestant, and obtained the living of Deal, in Kent. In addition to some theolog. treatises, he pub. A New Survey of the W. Indies, Lon., 1648, '65, '77. fol. lu the 3d ed. ' a chapter which reflected on the character of Archbp. Laud was omitted. Gage's sermon was trans, iuto Span- ish. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. "Though r.age pretends to have collected his materials on the spot, the account of that place (Mexico) is copied verbatim £i-om kicholas's Conquest of \V east-India."— Pb. Southet. Gager, Wm., a poet and civilian, was entered of Christ Church, Oxf., in 1574. 1. Excquiao, Ac. D. Phi- lippi Sidnasi, ic, Oxon., 1587, 4to. 2. Mcleager Tragcedia, 1592, Svo. 3. Viisses Redvx, Tragredia Nova, 1592. He contended for the lawfulness of stage-plays against Dr. John Rainolds, and insisted upon a position of his, very i properly attacked by Mr. Hale, viz. : •' Thai it was lawful ] for husbands to beat their wives." Whether Mr. t^ager indulged in this elegant and manly amusement we have no means of knowing. " He was an e.xcelleut poet, especially in the Latin tongue, and reputed the best comedian (i. e. dramatic writer) of his time."— Athen. Ox^-n. . Gahagau, John. Irritability of Plants ; in Med. Com., 1789. Gahagan, Matthias, M.D., of Grenada. Con. to Med. Com., 1783. Gahagan, Usher, executed at Tyburn, 1749, for clipping the coin, edited Brindley's Classics, and trans, into Latin Pope's Ess.ay on Criticism, the Temple of Fame, and the Messiah. Gahan, VVm., a R. Catholic divine. 1. Serms. and Moral Discourses, 6th ed., Dubl., 1847, Svo. 2. Manual of Catholic Piety, 1847, 12mo. Gailhard, J. Theolog., hist., and educational works, Lon., 1660^99. Gaimar, GeofTrcy. See Geoffrey G.*im.\r. Gaiuesforde, or Gainsford, Thomas. 1. Hist, of Trebizaud, Lon., 1611). 4t(.. 2. Scrutonccr's Study, 1616, 4to. 3. Hist, of Pcrkin Warbeck, 1618, 4to. 4. Glory and Prerog. of Eng., 1618, 4to. 5. Hist, of the Earl of Tirone, 1619, 4to. Gairdeu, George, D.D. 1. Fuul. Serm., 1726, Svo. 2. Works of the Rev. H. Scougal, 1818. Gairduer, Wm., M.D. On Gout: its history, cause, and cure, Lon., 1849, p. Svo: 3d ed., 1854. " This book is the work of a man mature in years, and who has spent his life in studying the phenomena of which he now renders an account. . . . Our readers will find an ample storehouse of in- teresting and important matter." — Lfm. L'incd. Gaisford, Stephen. Abolit. Slave Trade, 1811, Svo. Gaisl'ord, Thomas, D.D., 1780-1S55, Regius Prof, of Greek, Ijxf., and Dean of Christ Church, d. 1855, in his 75th year. 1. Hephfestionis Alcxandrini, Ac, Oxon., 1810, Svo. '2. Poet. Minores Gra;ci, 1816, 4 vols. Svo. 3. Lectiones Platonicfe, 1820, Svo. 4. Herodotus: new ed., 18-10, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Suidas, 1834, 3 vols. fol. 6. Scriptores Latini Bei Metricse, 1838, Svo. 7. Etymologicon Magnum, 1818, fol. 8. Theodoreti Episcopi, ic. 1854. Svo. Dr. G. prepared Pt. 1 of the Cat. of MS. of E. D. Clarke, in the Bodlei.an Library, 1812, 4to. For an account of his life and par- ticulars of his literary lalnjurs, we refer to the London Athen,^um anil the Gent. Mag. Gaitskcll, Wm., Surgeon, Med. .and Chem. con. to Med. Facts. 1793: Memoir.^ Med.. 1793, '95, '99. Galhraith, Kev. Joseph A., and Rev. Samuel Haughton. 1. Manual of Plane Trigonometry, Lon., 1851, 12mo. GAL Svo. 3. By Messrs. Galbraith and Haughton, in conjunc- tion with Erasmus Smith, Manual of Astronomy, 1855, fp. Svo. Mr. G. has pub. several works on mathematics, me- chanics, and nat. philos. Galbraith, Richard. Latiu Grammar, Virgd, Ac, 1841-46. Galbraith, Wm. Works on surveying, astronomy, and engineering, 1842, Ac. Gale. Cabinet of Knowledge, 1797. 12mo. Gale, Benjamin, M.D., 1715-1790, a native of Long Island, pub. a Treatise on luoculation for the Small Pox, Phil 'irans., 1763; on the Bite of Raltlesnakes, same year; some Essavs in Transac. Med. Soc. of New Haven ; and a Dissert, on the Prophecies. See Thachcr's Amer. Med. Biog. Gale, C. J. 1. Stat. 3 and 4 Will. IV., c. 42, Lon., 1S33, 12mo 2. Rep. Ct. Ex., 1836-38, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Rep. Case of the Queen ... S. W. R. R. Co., 1842, r. Svo. 4. C. J. G. and Tho. D. Whately, Law of Easements, 1839, Svo ; .2d ed 1848. 1st Amer. ed., by E. Hammond, N. York, 1840, Svo 6. C. J. G. and H. Davison. Rep. Ct. Q. B. and Ex. C 1841-43, 3 vols. Svo; 1841-43. See Datison, H. Gale, Dunstan. Pyr.amus and Thisbe, a Lovely Poem, Lon., 1617, 4to. Bindley. Pt. 4, 167, £6 8s. &d. See Rit- son's Bibl. Poet., 214. 215. . Gale, John, 1680-1721, an eminent Baptist divine, a native of London, studied at Leydeu and Amsterdam, and ou his return home became one of the ministers of St. Paul's Alloy, near Barbican, London. Wm. AVall, D.D., pub his Hist, of Infant Baptism in 1705, 2 vols. Svoj 2d ed 1707, 4to. In 1711, Svo, Gale pub. (1) Reflections on Wall's Defence of Infant Baptism, 2d cd., 1720, Svo. New ed.. 1820, Svo. Wall responded to Gale: see Wall, ^^ si., D.D. The reader must procure The History of Infant Baptism, together with Gale's Reflections and Wall's De- fence. New ed., by the Rev. Henry Cotton, D.C.L., 1836, 4 vols. Svo : again, 1844, 4 vols. Svo. " Both the works of these learned writers on this subject are worthy of examination on account of the learning and knowledge of ecclesiastical history which they contain."- OniK's BM. Bih. The publication of Gale's work gave him reputation, and it is still perhaps the best work on the subject. "Gale and Booth are the piiucipal standard works on the side of the Baptists."— BicKERSTETB. 2. Serms. on several occasions, 2d ed., 1726, 4 vols. Svo. " lie was considered to be one of the ablest ministers of his time among the general Baptists. The congregation to which Dr. Gale preached is said to have been numerous and respectable; his voice was clear and melodious, his stvle easy and strong, his method exact, his reasoning convincing."- iJ"<(ue and Benmlt's Hist, of the Di^se7lt€rs. See his serms. highly commended in the Lon. Theolog. Mag.; aJsorefer to Life prefixed to his Works; Biog. Brit. ; Nichols's AtterburyCorresp.; Crosby's Hist, of the Baptists. ' Gale, Levin. A List of Eng. Stalutes supposed to be applicable to the several States of the Union, Svo. Gale, Roger, 1672-1744. a sou of the learned Thomas Gale, D.D., educated at, and FeUow of, Trin. Coll., Camb., i represented Northallerton in three parliaments, was Com- I missioner of Excise, and the first Vice-President of tho An- tiquarian Society. 1. The Knowledge of Medals, from the French of Jobert, Lon., 1697, 1715, Svo. 2. Antonini Iter Brit:inniaruui Comnicntariis ilUistratum, 1709, 4to, 3. Re- gistrum Honoris de Richmond, ex libro Domesday, 1722, fol. 4. Antiquarian con. to Phil. Trans., 1718, '23, '36, '45 ; to Archa'ol., vol. ii. p. 25 ; to Leland's Itinerary, vol. vi. p. 93. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes ; Bibl. Top. Brit.. No. 2. Gale, S., of Charleston, South Carolina. Four Essays on the Nature and Principles of Public Credit, Lon,, 1784, '85, '86, Svo. See an interesting article on the English Sinking Fund — " the grossest delusion, certainly, by which any civilized people was ever blinded and deceived" — in McCulIoeh's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 334-36. Gale, Samuel, 168'2-1754, a brother of Roger Gale, was one of the revivers of the Antiquarian Society in 1717, and the first treasurer, 1. Hist, and .\ntiq. of Win- chester Cathedral, begun by the Right Hon. Henry, Earl of Clarendon, and continued to this time, Lon., 1715, Svo. 2, Antiquarian con, to Archajol., 1770, and in the Bibl. Top. Brit. Gale, Theophilus, 1628-1678, a learned Noncon- i formist, a native of Devonshire, educated at, and Fellow ', of, Magdalen Coll., Oxf., settled at Winchester, and became a popular preacher. Refusing to conform at the Restora- tion, he was ejected from his fellowship, travelled as tutor with the two sons of Lord Wharton, and on his return be- came assistant and subsequently successor to Mr, John Rowe, who had a congregation at Holborn. He bequeathed library to the promotion of dissenting principles in _ ^_ _ , hi: . . _ . _ Manual of Ai-ithmetic,°2d ed., 1855, fp. ! England. He pub. four Serms., 1671, 72, '73, '74. The 617 GAL true idea of Jansenism, ]6C9, 8vo; a biog. notice of T. Tregasse, l.,,l; Idea; Theologize, 1673, 8v"o; Philosophia Generalis, lb, 6, 12mo; and Tlie Court of tlie Gentiles,- or, a D.seourse touching the Original of Human Literature both Pin lologic and Philosorhic, from the Scriptures and Jewish Church Ac In 4 Pts., but pub. in 5 vols., viz. Vo . 1, Ft. 1 of Philologie, Books 1, 2, 3, 2d eJ., revised and cnhirged, 0.^f.. 1672, 4to. Vol. ii., Pt. 2, of Barbaric and (jiccanic Philosophic, Books 1, 2, 3, 4, 2d ed., enlarged, Lon. ]h,6, 4to. Vol. iii., Pt, 3, The Vanity of Pagan Phi- losophic demonstrated, Books 1, 2. 1077, 4to. Vol iv Pt 4, of Reformed Philosophic, Books 1, 2, 1677, 4to. Vol v Pt. 4 continued, of Reformed Philosophic, Book 3, I682! 4to. It IS this last part, treating of divine Predetermina- tion, Book 3 of Pt. 4, which is so often wanting. The 1st eds. of the 5 Pts. were pub. 1669-77. This great work occupied the author for more than twenty years. It had a narrow escape from destruction by fire. 8ee Athen. Oxon. "They [the various p,irt6 of which the work is composed] shew tlie author to have been well read in, and conversant with, the writings of the fathers, the old philosophers, and those that have given auy account of them or their works : as also to have been a good m,-taph.vsician and school-divine."— .4W,m Oxon " This learned and elaborate work, after falling for a time into obscurity is now m great repute. The leading object of it is, to trace all human learning, philosophy, and religion, to the ancient Scriptures .and the Jewish church. Gale certainly carries his ideas fh,t tL ;1 1*^ must^he very prejudiced or stupid who does not see that the substance of his argument is made out. The style of the work IS clumsy and verbose, the numerous quotations render it irksome to read, and tbe reasonings are, in some pCs, obscure and metaphysical; but it is a work of real merit and learning, and rid o7sLlr,'''^".^-"i?Ti?='"™ '" '^^"'^ '''"> "" partial to the kind of subjects which it discusses."— Ornu-'s Bihl Sib 'Our countryman Gale is for deriving all a,ts and sciences wl= b," ,"™'"'°"',f''rv."''= J«>"- VVho would not think the man was bantering us, had he not given so sad a proof of his being in SI f VYh-*" '"■'"';?. ""■'''' ''""'-'' volumes in support of These wonderfuldiscovenes!"- BisBOP Warbdrto.v ,^r'^?„»"^"' ""'' •'a'=* B'-ya"'- when writing his Ancient System Dr PARR '''^' ""' °'""' "*'" ''^ ''^■''■'' '^°"'-' °' ""> Oeutiles."- J^'^nn '""T'"' ^''T\S,<'"['^ip^ " vast body of information on Pa- Bickersteth also commends Gale's Discourse concerning Christ s Second Coming, 1673, 8vo ; new ed., 1839, 18mo, a1 "A very practical and useful work." ' We do not forget that the Ars Sciendi, 16S2, 8vo is as- cribed to Gale by Wood, but Calamy expressly denies it to be his. He left in MS. an unfinished lexicon and con- cordance (in one) of the Greek Test., proposals for publish- ing which he issued in 167S. Why does not some enter- prising bookseller republish the Court of the Gentiles ' It IS now rarely to be mot with complete, and is worth not much less than £3. See authorities cited above; also Biog. Brit., and Brucker's Hist, of Philos Gale, Thomas, b. 1.507, an eminent English sur- geon served in the army, and subse.:|ucntly settled in London where he acquired great reputation for profes- sional skill. L Treatise of Gun-shot Wounds, Lon. 1563, .■^°' /■ l'°' ■■'"5' °' ''■'■•'''^ "^ ""'"f »«'b v.alue, but some of them contain curious information resnectin- thj mog. Meu'^^S'"" "' '"" "■"^•" ^- ^-"--^ BillTlikius ^.fV"' "^homas, D.D., 1636-1702, father of Roger and Samuel Gale, one of the most eminent of English classical scholars, a native of Yorkshire, was educated at Westminster school and Trin. Coll., Camb., of which he wT«i P r •A^^'',"T^''"f- "f «'-<^«I<. 1866; Head Mas- ^I„J h ''"' " School, London, 1672 ; Preb. of St Paul's WV' "^Ftr "' T°?b ''"• "^ r-^- Opuscllla Mytho: logica, Ethica, et Physica, Gr. et Lat., Svo; Hisioria3 Poeticae Scnptores antiqui, 8ro; Rhetores Selecti, 8vo • Jambhchus de Mysteriis; Psalterium ju.xta E.xemplar Alexandrinum ; Herodoti Historiarum; Ciceronis Opera • Historiao Anglicana) Scriptores, fob; Hietoria; Britan' niciB SaxoniciB Anglo-Danicaj Scriptores XV accessit rerum et Verborum Index Locupletissimus, fol. ; contains Gildas, Lddius, Nennius, Asser, Ralph Higden, Polychro- nicon, Guil. Malmsburiensis, Jo. Wallingford, Fordunus, Alcuinis, et aliorum. ' There were pub. after his death from his MSS a vol of serms. on the Holy Days of the Ch. of England, 1704' im^if ^ tk'""' I'i"'^'-';""'" Britannia,, pub. by bis son 643 " " ^ '•''^"' '^ I^is«""'se of Dr. Gale's GAL on the Original of Human Literature, with Philology and Philosophy, will be found in Phil. Trans., vol. vi The portion of the Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores veteres, edited by him, is not thought to be equal to that edited by Wm -ulman: see the name. See Biog. Brit.; Knight's Life of Colet; Nichols's Lit. Anec. "The reason why I troubled you with the question to Mr. Gale Zlf^tl^)^^r i'^^'i^r, '"* ""'"1^' preserved as Dean Gale's c«;toW(,o»^s 4c which I was sensible did not come down with his MSS. And If they were, secondly, to know how to get at them for there is one or two that I should be glad to consult "—Dr l.a»redus Monumetensis. Amjlioe, Geoffrey OF Monmouth, q. v. Galitfe, James A. Italy and its Inhabitants: Ac- count of a Tour, 1816-17, Lon., 1820, 2 vols. Svo (.ahndo, Mrs. Lett, to Mrs. Siddons, 1809, Svo l.alindiis, Fortuniiis. Discourse of the Reasons why the Jesuits are so generally hated, Lon., 1659 Svo Gall, James. 1. The End and Essence of Sabbat'h- fooQ ,0"'"'''°= '""' ^""""y Religious Instruction, Lon., iojy, Izmo. ' ii,";SSy/cv:"..1,,r'™'"™ "■" ^■"P'y ^'^^y attention.-- 2. Gosp. of St, John for the Blind, 4to. 3. Philos of Education, 12mo 4-7. Help to the Acts; the Gospels; Life of Christ; St. Luke's Gospel. Gall, Richard, 1776-1801, a printer of Edinbureh gained considerable reputation as a poet. His best knowi! songs are My only Jo and Dearie 0, the Farewell to Ayr shire There's wacfu' news in yon town. As I came throuch Glendochart Vale, The Braes o' Drumlie, I winna gane back to my Minny again, and Peggy wi' the gowden hair! Ihe poem of Arthur's Seat has also been highly com mended A vol. of his Poems and Songs, with a Memoir, was pub. after his death, Edin., 12mo. .u"T'"'J°r',.™*'"'^'^''"""''^ Seat displays, in many passages the fervid feeling and buoyant fancy of a trie poc-t : and of the songs It IS far higher praise than any criticism'^of ours can b^ stow, to mention, that some of them have been commonly mis- taken for genume effusions of Bums, and that others h.ave loni? ago obtained in Scotland that extensive and settled popularuf which forms the surest test of the author's adherence to trSth and Rjt„ f/<'°>l"/™P';"'J',';haracterizesaU his lyrical effusions." — JiAlm. Maij. and Lit. Miscdl. tb»S" °;"p' '"^""'"'■'h stand on the Hst next to Bums, and by the side of Ramsay, Fergusson, Bruce, and Macneill, It is in his songs and short effusions that Gall's name is destined to live There is nothing better or sweeter in the Scottish language than some of these; and whenever Gall's songs are set to appropriate airs, It IS easy without the spirit of prophecy, to foretell the r popularity. My mUy Jm and Dearie O^and the FarZmto Tyr- sAirc, are known to every lover of modem Scottish song -—ScoUman JJ- ■■''"'""'»■■ "hen this song [My only Jo and Dearie 01 was ex^ ceedmgly poiiular; its sweetness and ease, rather than its origi- nality and vigour, might be the cause of its success. The third InmtvTl'It"" H '■"'' ^'^"F"' Pi'^t"'-'* »f rly nttachment-a ff^ J.^b ' 1;!* 'T* ""'■'■' '"" school-girl will appear to many a fancy when these hues are sung."— Allan CiiNNiiioHiM " Gallagher, MattheAV, printer, Trinidad. Letters °i° .1. T™',' ''°'' *" "'" ^"'r'-i^- "ud Discharge of the Author, Trinidad, ISIO, 12nio. Gallagher, William D., b. in Phikdelphiain 180S removed to Cincinnati in 1816, and in his seventeenth year entered the printing-office of a newspaper of that city. Ihero his literary talents soon attracted attention, although the young author preserved his incognito for a number ot years; and in 1830 Mr. Gallagher formed a connection with the Backwoodsman, a political journal pub. at Xenua, Ohio. In 1831 he became editor of The Cincinnati Mirror ; in 1836 of The Western Literary Jour- nal and Monthly Review, and in 1837 of The Western Monthly Mag:izinc and Literary Journal. He ha« since been engaged in the management of several periodicals. Wlaen Mr.Corwin became Secretary of the Treasury in 1849 he appointed Mr. Gallagher his confidential clerk, and he resided in Washington until 1853, when he removed to Louisville Kentucky, where ho was for a brief period one of the editors of the Daily Courier. For further parti- culars respecting this laborious son of letters we must relor the reader to the source for which we are indebted to the above facts— Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Ame- Mr. Gallagher is the author of many poems, some of which have elicited enthusiastic commendation. Ho has pub. three small vols, of his juvenile poetical composi- r«' Tlr "■" .""' "f '^'■™"'' l**35-37, and a vol., in 1846, of the productions of maturer years. Some of his pieces w-iU be found in Selections from the Poetical Litera- ture of the West, Cincinnati, 1841 „ Jl'""i P°«".' of Mr. Gallagher are numerous, various, and of very unequal merit Some are exquisitely modulated, and in every respect finished with excellent judgment, while others aJeYn^ GAL barmonioup, inelesant, and b>'tray iinniistnkeablesignsof careless- ness. His most unstuilu-d lu-ifurinantt'S. however, are apt to be forcible and picturesque. fi;iL'r:nit with the freshness of western woof-Is and fields, and instinct wirh the aspiring and determined life of the race of western men. The poet of a new country isnatu- | mlly of the party of progress: his noblest theme is man, and his ' highest law. liberty." — R. W. OitiswoLD, tiln mtpra. And see I ISouthern Literary Messenger, h'. 452. Gallatin, Albert, 1761-1849, a native of Geneva, emigrated to America in his nineteenth year, and, entering into political life, became, in 17'J0, a member of the Penn- ; sylvauia Lej;it:lature ; in 1792, a member of the national i House of Representatives ; in 179S, U. States Senator; in 1 ISOl, Secretary of the IT. States Treasury; in 1813. com- I missioncr to Ghent; subsequently, minister from the U. | States to France, the Netherhuuls, antl England, succes- sively. He had great natural powers and enlarged erudi- i tion, and devoted much attention to ethnology, philology, ] and political economy. He pub. an Indian Vocabulary — I a subject in which he took a lively and intelligent inte- \ i-est ; — Views of the Public Debt in 1801; Reports and ^ Letters rel. to the U. States Bank. ISU), '11 ; Considera- , tions on the Currency and Baifliing System of the U. States, 18:n; Tlie R'igbt of the U. S. of Amer. to the North-Eastern Boundary claimed by thcui. 1840, ^43 ; pome historical and other papers. He died at Astoria, New York, in 1810. Some interesting reminiscences of Gallatin will be found in Judge Story's Life and Letters, "He is a most industrious and indefatigable man, and, by the consent of all parties, of accomplished genius and great acquire- ments. . . . Let me say he is a truly great statesman. I rank him side by side with Alexander Hamilton. . . . Mr. Gallatin preserved a purity of rhar;icter that is as valuable in a politicl.in as it is rare. A man o! gn;it leaniiug. he daily adds weight to his counsels, and glory to his name." — Jlipge Stort. uln mipm. See N. Amer. Rev., Hi. 424-452; Democratic Rev., with portrait, xii. ("id; Banker's Mag., Boston, iv. 773; an in- teresting sketch by "Sentinel," originally pub. in the N. York Courier and Inquirer, in the Living Age, Boston, xxiii. 324; Reminiscences of Albert Gallatin, by John Russell Bartlett, N. York. 1849. Gallaudet, Rev. Thomas H,, LL.D., I7S7-1851, a native of Philadelphia, late Principal of the Connecticut Asylum, U. States, for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. 1. XVI. Discourses, Lon., 1818, Svo. "Admiralile specimens ot composition for the pulpit; equally remote from coldness and enthusiasm; animated, interesting, and judicinus." — Lon. Cfiris. Observi^r. 2. Bible Stories for the Young, 1838. 18mo. " .\^ series of Scripture Stories for the Young, told in the Author's own winning manner." — Sundat/School Teacher's Miig., Oct. 18o8. 3. The Child's Book of the Soul, 3d ed., 1850, 18mo. Dr. G. also pub. The Youth's Book of Natural Theo- logy, N. York, 1852, a Family and School Dictionary, {in conjunction with Horace Hooker,) Ac. For an account of his Life, Character, and Public Services, see the Dis- course so entitled, by H. Barnard, Hartford, 1852, Svo, and Barnard's Tribute to Gallaudet, N. York, 1852. Not only as an author, but also as a most intelligent instructor of the deaf and dumb, Mr. Gallaudet was a man of eminent usefulness. A review of Mr. G.'s serms. will be found in the Christian Monthly Spectator, New Haven, i. 27. Seo also Life by Rev. H. Humphrey, D.D., N. York, 1857, 12mo. Reviewed in N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858. by 0. Tiffany. Gallaway, Wm. Scrms.. 1692. '94, '97. Galley, George. Live Stock, Lon., 1786, 8vo. Gallianl. The Hymn of Adam and Eve, out of Mil- ton, sot to musie, Lon., 1728. Galliarcl, Biadshaw. Odes, Lon., 1774, 4to. Galliiuore^ Francis. Serra., 1694, 4to. Gallisoii, John, 1788-1820, a native of Marblehead, Massachu.-^etts, a nephew of Chief Justice Sewall, educated at Cambridge Uuiversity, jiractised law for a brief period in his native town, and subsequently removed to Boston, where, for a year or two. he edited the Weekly Messenger. In addition to his excellent Reports, he pub. an Address to the Peace Society, 1820, 111 ■■, III- i'\tpnsive learning, his ardent devotion to literature, his aclive lienevolence, exhausting itself in good deeds, and Milush- ing to find it fame.' You knew him well, and your sympathies have mingled with the tears and sorrows that embalm his memory. But I may propose him as an example, polished, if not perfect, of that excellence which the studies I have this day ventured to re- commend, are calculated to produce." Sec also The Character of Mr. Gallison, by W. Phillips, in the N. Amer. Rev., xii. 424, and a Memoir of Mr. G., in the Christian Disciple, Boston, lii. 15. Galloway, Lieut. -Col. Ou the Law and Constitu- tion of India, Lon., 8vo. Galloway, George. 1. The Admirable Crichton; a Trag., 1802, Svo. 2. The Battle of Luncarty ; a Hist. Play, 1806, 12mo. Galloway, John Cole. 1. Serm., 1779, Svo. 2. 17 Seruis., Lon., 1785, Svo. Galloway, Joseph, 17.^0-1803, a native of England, became an eminent lawyer in Pennsylvania, was a speaker of the House of Assembly, and subsequently a member of the first Congress, 1774. Ho was opposed to the separa- tion of the colonies from Great Britain, joined the British Army, and in 1778 went to England; deserting an estate, according to his statement before the House of Commons in 1779, (pub. Lon., 1779, Svo,) worth more than £40,000. He pub. several tracts respecting the war and its conduct, and some other works. 1. Speech in answer to John Dick- inson, Lon. and Phila., 17G4, Svo. 2. Candid Examina- tion, N. York, 1775, Svo; Lon., 1780. Svo. 3. Letters to a Nobleman, 1779, Svo. 4. Reply to Sir Wm. Howe. 1780, Svo. 5. Cool Thoughts, 1780, Svo. 6. Hist, and Polit. Re- flec, 1780, Svo. 7. Letter to Lord Howe, 1780. 8. Com- ment, upon the Revelation, Ac, 1802, Svo. 9. Prophet, and Anticipated Hist, of Rome, 1803, Svo. See Franklin's Works; Lon. Monthly Rev.; Sabine's Hist, of the Royal- ists; Curwen's Jour., edited by AVard; Trumbull's McFin- gal. Canto III. A new ed. of Galloway's Exara., by a Com^^ of the House of Commons, has just made its appearance, Phila., 1855, r. Svo. It is reprinted by the Council of the Seventy-six Society, edited by Thomas Balch, Esq., a lawyer of Phila., to whom the public is also indebted for Letters and Papers relating chiefly to the Provincial Hist, of Penna. Pri- vately printed, Phila., 1S55, 12mo, and other valuable his- torical papers. Galloway, Patrick. See Galoway. Galloway, Uobeit. Poems, Glasg., 1788, 12mo. Galloway, Robert. 1. Manual of Quantitative Ana- lysis, Lon., 1850, p. Svo. '■ This is really a valuable little book. We have not for a long time met with an introductory Manual which so completely fulfils its intention." — Lon. Atlienn^am. 2. The First Step in Chemistry, 1851, p. Svo. "■We heartily commend this unpretendiugand useful work to the be,ids of srlini;tstic i-stablishuients, and to others who are anxious to initials Ibrii' jmjiils into the principles of a most fascinating and most useful branrh of human knowledge." — Lon. Jour, of Medicine, M9 GAL GAM Galloway, Wm. Brown, Curate of Barnard Castle. 1. Philos. and Relig., revised ed., Lon., 1842. Svo. 2. The Gate of Prophecy, 1840, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Vow of the Gi- leadite; a Lyric Narrative, 1846, fp, Svo. '■ The fine flowing style in wliiuh it is writti'n, and tbe pure and hallowed feeling which seems to have dictated every line, are quali- ties sufficient to ensure for this Poem a lasting reputation." 4. An Apocalyptic Chart, 1852. 5. The Messiah Theo- logically and Practically Contemplated, 1854, Svo, Gallup, James, M.D. Sketches of Epidemic Diseases in the State of Vermont to 1815, 1816, Svo. Gaily, Henry, D.D., 1G96-1769, Lecturer of St. Paul's, Covent-Garden, 1721; Pruh. of Gloucester, 1723. 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1723, Svo. 2. The Moral Characters of Theo- phrastus, from the Greek, 1725, Svo. 3. Church and Col- lege Fines, 1731, Svo. In answer to EvERAitD Fleetwood, 7- V. 4. Serm., 1739, 4to. 5. Clandes. Marriages, 1750, '51, 8vo. 6. Dissert, ags. pronouncing Greek according to Ac- cents, 1754, '55, Svo. 7. Second Dissert, on do., 1702, Svo. Galoway, or Gallon ay, Patrick. HisCatechi^me, Lon., 15SS, Svo. Galpine, Calvin. Serms., 1721, Svo; 1722, 4to. Galpine, John. Serms., 1703, Svo. Galpine, John. A Synoptical Compend of British Botany, Salisb., 1S05, 12mo; Lou., 1S06, 12mo; Liverp., 1819, l2mo. New cd., Lon., 1854, 12mo. '' The most complete book of the kind on so small a scale, in the English language." — Lmvndes's Bihl. Man. Gait, John, 1779-1S39, a native of Ayrshire, educated at Greenock, proving unfortunate in trade in London, com- menced the study of the law, which ho soon forsook for letters. He acted for some time as agent to a company for establishing emigrants in Canada, (see his novel of Lawrie Todd,) but quarrelled with the Government, and was sus- pended by the Cauada Company. After his return to Eng- land he supported himself by the labours of a most prolific pen. The following list of works, many of them in two and three vols, each, exhibits a life of great literary industry. 1. Four Tragedies, viz. ; Maddalen, Agamemnon, Lady Macbeth, Antonio and Clytemnestra. Severely criticized in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 33—41. 2. Voyages aud Travels in 1809, '10, '11. 3. Life of Wolsey, 1812. Severely cri- ticized in the Lon. Quar. Rev., viii. 163-172. 4. Reflec. on Polit. and Commercial Subjects. 5. Letters from the Le- vant, 1813. 6. Life and Studies of Beuj. West, ISIO, and Pt. 2. 7. The Majolo. 1816. S. Pictures from Eng., Scotch, and Irish Ilist. 9. The Wandering Jew. 10. Andrew of Padua. 11. The Eartlnfuake. 12. The Ayrshire Legatees, 1820. 13. The Annals of the Parish, 1821. Highly com- mended by Sir Walter Scott; see his Life. 14. Sir An- drew Wylie. 15. The Entail. 16. The Steam-Boat. 17. The Provost: thought by (lult to be his best novel. 18. Ringan Gilhaize. 19. The Spaewife. 20. Rothelan. 21. The Last of the Lairds. 22. Lawrie Todd. 23. South- ennan. 24. Guide to the Canadas, by A. Picken. 25. The Omen, 1824. 26. Eben Erskine. 27. Glenfell. 28. Lives of the Players. 29. The Bachelor's Wife. 30. Rocking- Horse. 31. Gathering of the West. 32. Poems. 33. The Member. 34. The Radical. 35. Stories of the Study. 36. Apotheosis of Sir Walter Scott. 37. New British Theatre. 38. Memoirs of George the Third. 39. Life of Lord Byron, 1S30. 40. Bogle Corbet. 1831. 41. Stanley Buxton, 1832. 42. The Stolen Child, 1833. 43. Autobio- graphy of John Gait, 1833. 44. Literary Life and Mis- cellanies, 1S34. Mr. Gait also edited an edit, of Henry Mackenzie's Works, aud engaged in other literary labours. In addition to the authorities cited above, see Lon. Quar. Rev., vii. 297, xxvi. 364; Ed. Rev., xxiii. 40; Westm. Rev., xii. 405, xiii. 345, xvi. 321, xvii. 182; Fra- ser's Mag., i. 236, ii. 555 ; Lon. Mouth. Rev., cxxxii. 249 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1839, 92-94; N. Amer. Rev., by Willard Phillips, xxxi. 380; Life of the Rev. Sydney Smith, vol. ii. ; Maddeu's Life of the Countess of Bless- ington; Mrs. Thompson's RecoUec. of Lit. Characters, etc. *■ There is a thorough quiiintness of phrase .ind dialogue in Mr. Galfs hest works, whiLh plact'S him apart tiom all other Scotch novelists; much knowledge of life, vari'-'ty of character, liveliness and humour, are displayed in these novels, and render them justly popular. This humour and truth were recognised as admii-able hy Sir Walter Scott. The public will not soon forget his Ayrshire Iiegatees. his Annals of the I'arish, nor the Entail; which last we think one of his best novels. Mr. Gait's biof^raphies, and many of his other Inter wurks, manufactured for the booksellers, are of a very different character." — Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1S39, 03-94. "According to our judc;ment, he has never written better than second-rate books; thout^h we have ever found, in what we consi- dered his worst picL-L'S. something of his best self, and something which carried us through the whole, at the same time leaving in- 65U struction fi-esh and precise upon our minds. And this is paying a ' creat deal, when we consider the cataloj^ue of his writinjj;s. Indeed, his mind is such, that it cannot t;ive out any thing belon^Jting to it, which partakes not of its original nature. Strong, and what is called rnufjh good sense is ever there; familiar but most expresf^ive thoughts find similar illustrations most readily with him, which we presume could not have been improved by long study. . . . He is, besidi'S, strictly a moral as well as remarkablv entertaining writ«r."— Zo». M(mth. Rev., vol. xxiv.. ;V^, S., 1833, 249-267. ■' He has no classic predilections, and sets up no favourite au- thor as a model; he aims at no studied elegance of phrasL% cares nothing for formal accuracy of costume, seems not at all solicitous about the dignity of human nature, and thinks chivalry a joke. He leaves all these matters to take care of themselves, and sets to work to reail us a chapter of living life, like one sure of securing listeners."— Allan Cunninguam : Bivg. and Crif. Hist, of the Lit. nf the hist Fifty Years. Gait, Matthew. Serms., 1807, Svo. Galton. Conformity required by Law, 1705, Svo. Gallon, S. T. Chart of Notes, Bullion, &c., Lon., 1S13, 8vo. Galton, Saml. On Canal Levels, in Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1817. Gam, David. Adi^inis. of Wra. Pitt, Lon., 1797, Svo. Ganiage, Wm, Linsi-Woolsie; or, two Centuries of Epi^rammes, Oxf., 1G13, 12mo. *' Another title-page bears the date of 1621 ; hut it is rather un- likely that such trash should go through a second imprt-ssion." — Bibl. Bnt. Surely much " trash" has gone through many " impres- sions." Gamage, Wm., M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1818, aged '.i7. He pub. several articles in the N. E. Jour, of Med., and some account of the fever of 1817-18, with some remarks on typhus. Gambado, Geoffrey. See Bt:NBURY, Henry. Gambier, Sir E. J. Parochial Settlement, 2d ed. by J. (ircenwoud. Lon., 1S?>5, 12mo. Gambier, Rev. Jas, Ed, Introduc. to the Study of Moral Evidences, Lon., 1800, 'OS, '10, Svo. "■ A work of sound interesting argument." — BickeTsteth*s Chris. St2l. Gamble, Rev. H. J. 1. Scripture Baptism, Lon., 1S50, 12uio. 2. Paul the Aposlle, 1851, 12mo. '•The book is wfll adapted under tlie Divine blessing to create and foster a healthy and manly piety." — Lon. Christian Times. Gamble, John. Songs and Dialogues by Tho. Stanley, set to Musick. Lun., 1057, fol. Gamble, John. 1. Communication by Signals, Lon., 1797, 4to. 2. Dublin and the N. of Ireland in 1810, *11, Svo; do. in 1812, '13, Svo. " Always agreeable aud often edifying." — Lon. Crit. Rev., 1813. "Of a very ordinary description — low scenes and low humour making up the principal part of the uaiTative." — ItEV. Sydney Smitu : Iklin. Rev., 1820. 3. Sar-sfield ; a Tale, 1814, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. Howard ; a Nov., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. Gambeld, W. Welsh Grammar, Carm., 1727, Svo. Gambold, John, d. 1771, a bishop among the Unitas Fratrum, or Moravian Brethren, was a native of South Wales, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was for somo time a clergyman of the Church of England. Ho pub. an ed. of the Greek Te.'^t., a number of Discourses, poems, hymns, a tragedy, Ac. Ho was professedly the editor, and was one of the principal translators from the High Dutch, of Crantz's History of Greenland, 1767, 2 vols. Svo; with continuation, 1820, 2 vols. Svo. •' As to Greenland, (making mention of Torfa'us hereafter,) may I not rest satisfied with the exclusive recommendation of tho translation (by tbe pious and leaiiied Gumhold) from the high Dutch of old Ci-antz in 1767. 2 vols. Hvo, with cuts — worth about ISs. 8(i." — Dilniin's Lib. Comp. Works, with Life, Bath, 1789, Svo. New ed., with Essay- by Thomas Erskine, Esq., Advocate, Glasg., 1822, 12mo. ''It is impossible to read Gambolds works without being con- vinced that he enjoyed much communion with God, and was much conversiint with heavenly things, and that hence he had imbilted much of the spirit, and caught much of the tone, of the gloriOed church aliove." " The specimens you have presented of his writings give me a high opinion of his genius, and there are occasional flashes in hia poetry of great brilliancy and power. The * Mystery of Life' con- tains some exiiuisite touches, and cannot but recall to every man who has indulged in musings beyond this sublunary scene some of those thouj-hts whif-h have pjissed before him in an unearthly form, as he has communed with his own soul." — Judge Joseph Sfory to Rev. John Bracer, JV'W. 10, ItiSG. Sloi-y's Life and Letters, ii. 239. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. GammcU, William, b. 1S12, at Medfield, Mass., is a son of Ilev. William Gammell. who was settled iit New- port, R. I. Tho subject of this notice graduated at Brown University, Providence, K. I., in 1831, was appointed Professor of Rhetoric in that University in 183ti, jind ia 1850 was transferred to tho chair of History and Poli- tical Economy, which ho still occupies, (1858.) 1. Life of GAM Roger Williams, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2(1 series, vol. iv., aud afterwartls in a separiite vol. Seo this reviewed in N. Amer. llev., Ixi. 1-21). 2. Life of Samuol Ward, Go- vernor of Rhode Island, in Sparks'a Amer. Biog., 2d se- ries, vol. iv. 3. Hist, of the Amer. Baptist Missions, Boston, 12uio. Extract from the Certiiicato of Rev. Drs. Cone, Sharp, and Chaso, Committee appointed by the Missionary Union to examine the Work ; "The undersigned having been requested by the Executive Committee of the Missionary Union to re;id. in manuscript, Prof. Ganmiell's History of American Baptist Missions, are happy to state tbat, in our opinion, the work is well adapted to accomplish the important purposes for which it was written. Such a history we think to he much needed, and worthy of bcinc read by all. It exhibits gratifying evidence of research, tidelitv and ^lci!l. It sets before the reader, in a lucid manner, facts thai sIk-oM n<-ver be forgotten. i;;omeof them in power to awaken al ten I ion and touch the heart, could scarcely be surpassed iiy fiction." And see a review of this work in N. Amer. Rev., Isx. 57-78. Mr. Oammell has also pub. several discourses, Ac, and contributca many articles to Reviews, especially to the Christian Review, Boston, of which be was for three or four years associate editor. Games, John. Gardening, 1724, 4to. Gammon, John. Discourse, 173S, ]2mo. Gamou, Hannibal. Serm., Lon., 11)29, Ito. Gamier,<-rt'i^ory,lvnt. Poet. Tales,Bath,l 779, SQi.4to. Gander, Josi!i>h. 1. Fishery, Lon., 1699, Svo. 2. R. Navy, 17l)o, 4to. 3. Q. Anne's Sovereignty of the Sea as- serted, 170:!. 4to. Gaudulphy, Peter, 1760 ?-lS21, a R. Cath. priest. 1. The Ancient Faith, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 2. Liturgy, 1812, Svo. 3, 4. Letters to H. Marsh, D.I)., 1812, '13, 8vo. 5. Serms., 1813, Svo. 6. Serm., 1813, 4to. The works of this writer are highly esteemed by many members of his church. Gandon, James, 1760-1824, an architect, edited the Vitruvius Britanuicus, 3 vols, fol., &o. See his Life, with notices of contemp. artists, Lon., 1847, Svo. Gaudy, Henry. Govt, of England, Lon., 1705, Svo. Gandy, Henry. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1709-12. Gaudy, Joseph. 1. Designs for Cottages, Ac., Lon., 1S05, 4to. 2. Rural Architect, 1806, 4to. Gane, John. Serm., 172S, Svo. Ganly, 'I'. J. Trans, of M. Girard's Treatise on the Teeth of the Horse, Lou. "The above useful treatise is calculated to be of considerable service in the present state of our knowledge. V^e i-ecommend the work to the Amateur, the Practitioner, and the Veterinary Stu- dent." — Lon. L'lnct'l. Gannett, Rev. Caleb, 1745-181S. Obsorv. on an Eclipse: Aurora Borealis; Trans. Amer.Acad., vols. i. and ii. Gano, Rev. John, d. 1804, aged 77. Mem. of his Life, 1S06, 12mo. Gapper, K. P. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1S05. Gar., Bar. See Garter, B.^rnard. Garbett, James, Archdeacon of Chichester, Prof, of Poetry, Oxford. 1. Christ as Prophet, Priest aud King ; S Lects. at Bnuijiton Lect., 1842, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. Svo. " An able, learned, and valuable publication, the fruits Of many years' study and rellection." — L(»l. Chris. Observ. 2. Parochial Serms., 1843, '44, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Review of Dr. Pusey's serm., and the doctrine of tho Eucharist, 1843, Svo. 4. De Re Poetica Pra^lectioues Academicne, 1846. 5. De Re Critica Pra3lectiones Academtca^ 1S47. 6. Christ on Earth, in Heaven, and on tho Judgment-Seat, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. " No one can read these volumes without great delight and pro- fit."— Zoji. Chris. Observ. 7. The Beatitudes of the Mount, in 17 Serms., 1853, p. Svo. "As a poet, a scholar, a theologian, and a Christian. Archdeacon Garbett is moi-e than usually qualified for such a task as that which he has here imposed on himself. His licb and tlnwing style is w,^ll aii.ipted to the grandeur and beauty of bis sol)JHct. aud we frequently meet with passages of great and philosopbical depth, as well as gre.at oratorical powers." — C/t. of Eng. Quar. licv. Prof. Garbett has also pub. a number of occasional serms., letters, Ac, 1843-53. Garbutt, Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1669, '75, '99. Garde, Richard. 1. Law of Evidence, Lon., 1830, 12mo. 2. Rules of Pleading, 2d ed., l,S4l, Svo. Garden, Alex. Scottish Kings, Edin., 1709, 4to. Garden, Alex., 1685-1756, a clergyman of the Epis- copal Church, resided many years in Charleston, S. C. 1. Six Lett, to Whitefield, 1740. 2. Justification. 3. Two Serms.. 1712. Garden, Alex., M.D., 1730-1791, a native of Edin- burgh, resided in Charleston, S. C, 1750-S3. 1. Med. properties of the Virginia Pink Root, 1764, '72. 2. Con. to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1771. 3. To PhU. Trans., 1775. GAR See Ramsay's Biog. Sketches, in his Hist, of S. Carolina, vol. ii. Garden, Charles, D.D. An Improved Version at- tempted of tho Book of Job, Lou., 17U6, Svo. " It is not, I have reason to think, a bookof auy importance." — Oi-mc'.s- lUbl Bib. "A blink of great pretensions, but indilTerent execution. See an analysis of it in the British Critic, U. S., vol. is., pp. lt>8-175." — Home's Hibl. Bib. Garden, Francis, Lord Gardenstone, 1721-1793, a Scottish Judge. 1. Travelling Memoranda, Lon., 1792-95, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. MiscelLanies in Prose and Verse, Edin., 1791, 12mo. 3. Lett, to the Inhabitants of Laurencekirk. "Containing much salutary advice." — Btlil. Brit. See Sinclair's Statis. Reports ; Life prefixed to the last vol. of his Memoranda; Encyc. Brit, Garden, Francis. 1. Vindic. of the Scot. Episcopate, Edin., 1847, Svo. 2. Discourses on Heavenly Knowledge and Heavenly Love, 1848, Svo. 3. Lectures on the Beati- tudes, 1853, 12mo. 4. Four Serms. on the Present Crisis, 1854. 12mo. Garden, George, M.D. Cou. to Phil. Trans, on nat. philos., .ic, 1677-96. Garden, James, D.D., Prof, of Theol., King's Coll., Aberd. Circular Monuments in Scotl. ; in Archseol., 1776. Garden, James. Hist, of Henry III., last of tho House of Valois. K. of France, Lon., 1783, Svo. Gardener, Thomas. Art of Embalming, 4to. e. See preceding article. Garey, Samuel. 1. Serm.. Lon., 1615, 4to. 2. Little Triple Diary, 1618, 4to. Trans, of the Dialogues on Polygamy by Bernardin Ochinus. Garioch, George. 1. Serms., Doct. and Prac, Edin., Svo. 2. Association ; or, the Progress of Feeling; a Poem in four books, 1839, 12mo. " The author has evidently cultivated the spirit of gen nine poetry, and with it that of philosophy and true religion."— ioa. Evangel. Mag. Garland, Edward. Answer to Richard Coppin's book, i-alled A Blow at the Serpent, Lon., 1667, 4to. Garland, II. A., d. 1850. 1. Life of Thomas Jefferson. 2. Life of John Randolph of Roanoke, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo. "Itenmrkable volumes in interest and attraction."— i?«ni's Merch. Mag. Garland, John, or Joannes de Garlandia, who flourished about the 11th century, is said to have been a native of Garlande en Brie, Normandy, but Bale, Pits, Tanner, and Prince, think that he was born in England. 1. A Poem on the Contempt id' the World, Lyon, 1489, 4to. 2 Synonyma, Paris, 1490, 4to. 3. Multorum Vocabulorum ilquirocorum, Lon., 1492. 1500, '14, 4to. 4. Floretus; or, Faith, Ac. 5. Facetus; a Poem, Cologne, 1520, 4to. 6. Diet. Artis Achymise, Basle, 1571, Svo. Garlich, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1719, '41. Garlick, Theodatus, M.D., b. 1808, in Middlebury, Conn. Treatise on the Artificial Propagation of Certain Kinds of Fish, N. York, 1857, Svo. Garmston, John. Serms., 1712-27. Garmston, Shadrach. Serms., 1716-24. Garner, Rev. John, M.D. Serms., med. treatises, Ac, 1760-05. Garner, Robert. Theolog. treatises, 1C45-1701. Garneau, Francis Xavier, b. 1809, in Quebec. 1. Histoire du Canada, depuis sa decouverte jusqu'a nos jours, Quebec, 3 vols., 2d ed., 1852. 2. Voyage en An- gleterre et en France dans les annees 1S31, '32, '33, Ac. Garner, Robert. Nat. Hist., Antiq., Manufac, Ac. of the County of Stafl'ord, Lon., 1844, Svo. ''This handsome volume is e\artly such a book as a county natural history should be. Staffordshire may now boast of having the best account of its natural features and productions of any county in England." — Lim. Athena:iim. March 'JO, 1844. Garnet, Henry, 1555-1606, superior of the Jesuits in England, was proved to be privy to the Gunpowder Plot, and executed for high treason. 1. Canisius's Cate- chism, trans, from the Latin, Lon., 1590, Svo; Si. Omer's, 1622. 2. Treat, of Christian Regeneration or Birth, Lon., 1616, Svo. See a Relation of the Proceedings against him and his Confederates, 1606, 4to. Garnett, J. Total Eclipse of the Sun, June 16, 1806, Ac, in Nicholson's Jour., 1808. Garnett, John, D.D., d. 1782, aged 75; Bishop of Ferns, 1752 ; trans, to Clogher, 1758. He pub. serms., Ac, 1740-56, and a Dissert, on the Book of Job, 1749, '54, 4to. "Dr. Garnett contends that the book of Job is an allegorical drama, designed to represent the fall and restoration of a captive Jew. and with a view ti) recommend the virtue of patience. The author he supposes to have been Ezekiel, and the period of its production subsequent to the Babylonish captivity. Uis hypo- Ihesis is nearly allied to tliat of Warburton, but diflVrently sup- ported.'' — Onuc'n Bibl. Bib. Garnett, John, Prcb. of Winchester. Serms., 1802, '03, 4to. Garnett, Thomas, M.D., 1766-1802, pub. several profess, works, and Observ. on a Tour through the High- lands and Part of the Western Islands of Scotland, Lon., 1800, 2 vols. 4to. '' Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, antiquities, botany, and manners, are treated of, though not In a masterly manner."- Stevenson's Vaij. and Trav. After his death was pub. his Zoonomia, 1804. 4to. He contributed to Med. Com., 1788 ; Trans. Irish Acad., 1794; Memoirs .Med., 1795. Garuham, Robert E., 1753-1802, a native of Bury St. Edmund's, curate of Newton and Great Welnetham, pub. a number of theolog. letters, reviews, Ac, 1789-94. See Lon. Gout. Mag., 1802. GAR GAR Gamier, Thomas, Rector of Trin. Cb., Marylebone. Domestic Duties: Serins., Lon., 1S51, 12iuo. Garnons, John, d. about 1792. Serma., Lon., 179;^, 2 vols. Svo. Garrard, ^Edmund. Intermarriages between the Koyal Lines of Eng. and Spaine, &c., 1624, 4to. Garrard, Eliz. Miscell. Prose and Verse, 1800. Garrard, George. Descrip. of Oxen in the Brit. Isle?, Lon.. 1802. ob. fol., with 28 engravings. Garrard, Will. The Arte of VVarre, corrected and finished by Captaine Hitchcock, 1691, 4to. Garrard, \Vm. Trigonom. Tables, Lon., 17S9, Svo. 2. Lunar Observ., 1799, 4to. 3. Seamen's Preceptor, 1802, Svo. Garratt, Samuel, Minister of Trin. Ch., St.-Giles-in- the-Fields. 1. Scripture Symbolism, Lon., 1848, fp. Svo. 2. Dawn of Life, 2d ed., 1849, 12mo. 3. Our Father, 1854, 12mo. Garratt, W. A. Proceed, in Chancery, Lon., 1837. Garrete, Walter. Theolog. treatises. 16S0-17O3. Garrick, David, 1716-1779, the grandson of a Frenchman, and son of Peter Garrick, a captain in the Royal Army, was a native of Hereford. In 1735 he was placed at a school opened in Lichfield by Samuel John- son; and when his master determined to try his fortune in London, the pupil thought that he could do no better than bear him company. The great eminence in their respec- tive departments to which the adventurers attained is well known to our readers. After a short experience as a wine- merchant, Garrick indulged a darling passion which had long possessed him, and made his appearance on the stage, where his success was unbounded. For a period of forty years he trod the boards without a rival, and at his death left an estate valued at £140,000. He was equally at home in tragedy or comedy. *' Every passion of the human breast seemed subjected to his powers of expression; nay, even time itself appeared to stand still or advance as he would have it. Rage and ridicule, doubt and despair, transport and tenderness, compassion and contempt, love, jealousy, fear, fury, and simplicity, all took in turn possession of his features, while each of them in turn appeared to be the sole possessor of those features. One night old a-^e sat on his counte- nance, as if the wrinkles she had stamped there were indelible; the next the gaiety and bloom of youth seemed to overspread his face and smooth even those marks which time and muscular con- formation might have really made there. These truths were ac- knowledged by all who saw him in the several characters of Lear, or Uamlet, Richard, Uorilas, Romeo, or Lusignan; iu his Ranger, Bays, Drugger, Kitely, Brute, or Benedict." Mrs. Garrick, who was a MissViegel, (she subsequently changed her name to Violette,) a native of Vienna, and a stage-dancer in London, survived her husband forty-three years, dying in 1822, in her 97th year. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1822. As an author, Mr. Garrick's talents were respectable. Of his original compositions. The Lying Valet, Miss in her Teens, and The Clandestine Marriage, {the last written in conjunction with Colman,) are the principal favourites. A list of more than forty pieces, written or altered by him, will be found in the Biog. Dramat. ; and, in addition to these and others, he wrote epigrams, odes, and many prologues, epilogues, and songs. Dramatic Works, Lon., 1768, 3 vols. 12mo; 1798, 3 vols. 12mo. " A wretched and imperfect collection." — Loimides^s Bthl. Man. Poetical works now first collected, with Explan. Notes, 1785, 2 vols. 12mo. Of Garrick's Mode of Reading the Liturgy, a new ed., by R. Cull, was pub. in 1840, Svo. See Davies's and Murphy's Lives of Garrick; Biog. Dramat.; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Boswell's Johnson ; Cumberland's Life; Mason's Life of Whitehead; Colmau's Random Records. Much of interest relating to the literary hi.story of the times will be found in Garrick's Private Correspondence with the most celebrated persons of his time, now first published from the originals, and illustrated with Notes and a New Biographical Memoir, splendidly printed, with fine portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1831-32, 2 vols, r, 4to, pub. at £5 bs. This interesting work contains upwards of two thousand letters from many of the eminent men of the times in which Garrick lived — from Lords Lyltelton, Camden, Chatham, Dr. Johnson, Boswell, Goldsmith, Gibbon, Sheridan, Hume, Robertson, Murphy, George Steevens, Richard Cumber- land, Bp. Warburtnn, Bp. lloadly, Burke, Junius, Wilkes, Dr. Franklin, Churchill. Sir J.Reynolds, Gainsborough, George Colman. Mrs. Clive, Mrs. Montague, and fifty others. There are also numerous letters from foreign cor- respondents, iimong whom may be named Voltaire, Beau- marchais, Algarotti, Diderot, Baron Grimm, Helvetius, Riccoboni, Baron Koch, and Wieland. *' Have you seen the second volvime of the Garrick Correspond- ence? Ir it not a treat? Glorious Garrick!" — The late C. Mathews. "Garrick's appearance forms an epnch in the history of the Kug- Hsh theatre, as he chiefly dedicated his talents to the great cha- racters of Shakspeare, and built his own fanio on the growing admiration of the poet. Befor.- his time. Shakspeare had only been brought on the stage in mutilated and disfiguied alterations. Gar- rick returned on the whole to the true orii^inals. thoui,'h he still allowed himself to make some very unfortunate changes. It ap- I pears to nie that the only excusable alteration of Shakspeare is, 10 leave out a few things not in conformity to the taste of the time. 1 Garrick was undoubtedly a gi-eat actor. Whether he always con- ceived the parts of Shakspeare in the sense of the poet. I from the very circumstances stated in the eulogies on his acting should be ! inclined to doubt. lie excited, however, a noble emulation to represent worthily the great national poet; this has evei- since i been the highest aim of actors, and even at present the stagf can boast of men whose histrionic talents are deservedly famous." — Schl^'f/ePs LecL on Dramat. Art and Lit. Garrison, \Vm. Lloyd, L Thoughts on African Colonization, Bost., 1832, Svo. 2. Sonnets and other Poems, 1843, 18mo. The sonnet entitled The Free Mind possesses decided merit. Garrod, Alfred B., M.D., and Edward Ballard, M.D. Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Lon., 1845,8vo. Amer.ed.,eclited by R.E.Griffith. M.D.,Phila., Svo. " As a manual for students, it is the best that has yet appeared. ; and will be found to contain much matter well woithy of perusal I by the practitioner." — J?anHnf/^s Ettport. i Dr. Garrod has also pub. Physical Diagnosis of Dis- eases of the Abdomen, Lon., 1S52, 12mo ; and On Pain ■ after Foorl, 1854, p. Svo. ' Garrow, D, W., D.D. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of Croy- don. Crny, 1S18, Svo. 2. 8erms.. Lon., 1820, Svo. Garrow, J. Semi., Lon., LS12. Garroway, Alderman. Speech, 1642, 4to. Garstin, John, Major-Gcneral, Trans, of Paul Frisi's Treat, on Rivers and Torrents, &c. Garter, Barnard. 1. The tragical Hist, of two Eng- lish Lovers, written V»y Bar. Gar., Lon., 1565, IGmo. In verse; 95 leaves. Bindley, £30 19?. 6(7. Perry, £32 10s. Garth, John. Psalms set to Mu^ic, Lon., 1759, fol. Garth, Sir Samuel, d. 1718-19, a native of York- shire, was educateil at Peter House, Camb., where he took his degree of M.D. in 1001, and was admitted Fellow, June 26. 1G93. In 16S7 commenced a quarrel lietwecn the physicians and apothecaries, the latter of whom op- posed the design of the former to furnish the poor with advice gratis and medicines at prime cost. To hold the apothecaries up to public reprobation and ridicule, Garth pub. in 1699, 4to, his satirical poem of the Dispensary, which pleased the town so much that it went through three editions in a few months, and many were subse- quently pub. The 9th ed., which contains a number of episodes and inscriptions, appeared in 1706. Pope re- marks that it had been "corrected in every edition, and that every change was an improvement." AVhen Garth, in 1697, spoke what is now called the Ilarveian Oration, he followed up the blow in Latin, and the poor apothecaries were placed completely hors du ronibat. lie also wrote the epilogue to Addison's tragedy of Cato, pub. a poem entitled Chircmout, and in an ed. of Ovid's Metamorphoses, pub. in 1717, trans, the whole 14th book, and the story of Cippus in the 15th ; the Preface is also his. Works, 1769, 12mo. He lived witliout religion, and. according to Pope — an intimate friend, — died a Roman Catholic. '"His poetry has been praised at least equally to its merit. In the Dispensary there is a strain of smooth and free rei-sification; but few lines are eminently elegant. No passages fall below me- diocrity, and few rise much above it. The plan seems formed with- out just propoition to the subject; the means and end have no necessary connection. Resnel, in his Preface to Pope's Essay, n-- marks. that Carth exhibits no discrimination of characters; and that what any one says might, with e'lual propriety, have bei-n said by another. The general design is. perhaps, open to criticism ; but the composition can seldom be charged with inaccuracy or neg- ligence. The author never slumbers iu self-indulgence; his full vigour is always exerted; scarcely a line is li-ft unfinished; nor is it easy to find an expression used by constraint, or a thouifht im- perfectly expressed. It was remarked by Pope, that the Dispen- sary had been corrected in every edition, and that every chaugc was an improvement. It appears, however, to want something of poetical ardour, and something of general delectation; and there- fore since it has been no longer supported by accidental and in- trinsic popularity, it has been scarcely able to support itself.'' — I>r. Jofmsoji's Lives of the Puets. See also Biog. Brit. ; Gibber's Lives; Spence's Anecdotes. Garthshore, Maxwell, M.D.,1732-1S12, a physician in London for nearly fifty years, pub. an Inaugural Dissert., Edin.. 1764, Svo, and contributed to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770, and to Phil. Trans., 1787. See his biog, acct. of Dr. Ingenhousz, iu Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1817. 653 GAR GAS Garthwait, Ilrnry. The Evangelical Harmony, reducintr the IViur Evangelists into one continued Test, Camb.. 1(>34, 4to. Garton, James. Practical Gardener, Lon., 1709. Gartside, M., a lady. 1. Light and Shade, Colours, and Composition, Lon., 1S04, 4to. 2. Ornamental Groups, Descrip.of Flowers, Birds, Shells, and Iusects,1809, imp. foL Gartwood, or Garwood. Short Tntroduc. to Hist., suggested by Coghlan's Sys. of JInemouics, Lon., 1814. Garwood, John. The Bible, Lon., 1S40, Svo. Gascoigne, Sir Crisp. Address rel. to his conduct in the Cases of E. Canning and M. Squires, 1754. Gascoigiie, George, 1537-1577, after studying for some time al Cambridge, removed to Gray's Inn, which he deserted for the army, and served in Holland, where he received a captain's commission from the Prince of Orange. Returning to England, he became a courtier, and contri- buted to the festivities which enlivened the business of statesmen and the progress of the queen. The name of The Princely Pleasures of Kenilworth Castle, one of Gas- coigne's masques, will remind many of our readers of Amy Robsart and Sir Richard Varney, of the ambitious Earl and his imperious mistress. Among Gascoigne's best- known pieces are; The Glasseof Gouernment ; a Tragicall Corned ie, Lon., 1575, 4to. The Steele Glas ; aSatyre, 1576, 4to. A Delicate Diet for daintie moutbde Droonkards ; wherein the fowle abuse of common carousing and quaff- ing with heartie draughtes is honestly admonished, 1576, Svo. The Broome of Doomes Day; wherein the Frailties and Miseries of Man's Life are Huely portrayed and learn- edly set forth, 15S6, 4to. The Comedie of Supposes, and the Tragedie of locasta, in the collective ed. of his Whole Woorkes, 15S7, 4to. Warton says that the Comedie of Sup- poses was the first comedy written in English prose; and Dr. Farmer in his Essay on Shakspeare says that the latter borrowed part of the plot and of the phraseology of this play, and transferred it into his Taming of the Shrew. This was the opinion of Chalmers, Warton, and Gifford, also. Many of Gascoigne's works are reprinted in Chal- mers's ed. of the Poets. For notices of early eds., and of the author, see Athcn. Oxon. ; Whetstone's Remembrance of Gascoigne; Censura Literaria; Brit. Bibliog. ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet; Ritson's BibL Poetica; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Chalmers's British Poets. "One of the smaller poets of Queen Elizabeth's days, whose poetical works nevertheless have been thought worthy to he quoted among the chief of that time; his Supposes, a Comedy; Glass of Government, a Tragi-Comedy ; Jocasta. a Tragedy, are particularly remembered." — PhiUi2)ss Theat. Poet. *' A writer, whose mind, though it exhibits few marks of strength, is not destitute of delicacy ; he is smooth, sentimental, and harmo- nious." — Hcadhy^s Sdect Beauties of Anc. Eng. Poet. '■ lie has much exceeded all the poets of his age in smoothness and harmony of versification." — Wartoji's Obs. en the Fairy Queen. ■' From what I have seen of his works, his fancy seems to have been sparkling and elegant, and he always writes with the powers of a poet.'"— Sir P. E. I{rydges. (>) his e'?.'^ of Phillips's Thait. Poff. "In George Gascoigne's poem there are many things about the Dutch, showing that the English despised them, and despaired of their cause, just as in our days happened to the Spaniards: ■•'And thus, my lord, your honour may discerne Our perils past, Ac.'" lioht. Snuthey to John JRiclmon, March 23, 1814. "The general commendations of Chalmers on this poet seem rather hyperbolical. But his minor poems, especially one called The Arraignment of a Lover, have much spirit and gaiety: and we may leave him a respectable place among the Elizabethan versi- fiers." — Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. Gascoigne, Henry B, Suggestions for the Em- ployment of the Poor of the Metropolis, &c., 1S17. Gascoyn, Sir Bernard. Descrip. of Germany, its Govt., &c.: vide Brown's Miss. Aulie, 1702. Gaskarth, John, D.D. Texts examined cited by Papists for their Doctrine of Satisfaction, Lon., 1688, 4to. And in Gibson's Preservative, x. 264. Sei*ms., &c., 1683- 1713. Gaskell, Mrs., formerly Miss Stromkin, wife of a Unitarian minister at Manchester, England, has attained considerable popularity as the authur uf The Moorland Cottage, Ruth, Mary Barton, North and South, and Cran- ford. Mary Barton ; a Tale of Manchester Life, Lon., 1848. "Mary Barton is a work of higher pretensions than an ordinary novel. It aims not only at the delineationof the joys and sorrows, the loves and hatreds of our common humanity, but it professes also io give a picture of the feelings, habits, opinions, character, and social condition of a particular class nf the people, — a class, too, which has of late yeai-s attracted a great share of public atten- tion, and has probalOy been the subject of more misconception and misrepresentation than b;is fallen to the lot of any other. . . . The literary merit of th^- work is in some respects of a very high order. Its interest is intense; often painfully so."— Iklin. Rev., Ixxxis. 402-135. 654 See a review of Ruth, in the N. Brit. Rev.. May. 1853, and of North and South, in Blackw, Mag., May, 1855. Life of Charlotte Bronte, Author c)f Jane Eyre, Shirley, Villette, &c., 1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo. This work was alleged to. contain several inaccuracies. The last ed., pub. in 1858, varies considerably from the earlier issues : see Bronte, Charlotte. Around the Sofa, 1858. Gaskin, George, D.D., Rector of St. Benedict. 1. Serms., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Occas. Serms., 1798-1821. Gaskin, James J. 1. European Geography made Easy, Lon., 1843, 12mo: 2d ed.. Lon., 1846. 2, Geography and Sacred Hist, of Syria, 1846, 18mo. Gaskiu, John. Serms., Brist., 1844, 8vo. Gaspey, Thomas, an author of our own times, has pub. The Witch Finder, The Self-Condemned, The History of George Godfrey, and other romances. In oonjunciion with George Moir Bussey, he pub. in 1850, 2 vols. imp. Svo, Pictorial History of France and of the French People, from the establishment of the Franks in Gaul to the French Revolution, illustrated by nearly 400 beautiful engravings on wood, pub. £2 16*. "An admirably-written and very interesting work, compiled from the writings of Sismtmdi, Lacretelle, and Thiers. It is a very de- sirable precursor to the various Lives of Napoleon and IlistorieB of the French Kevolution." Gaspine, John. Serm. on Luke xii. 32, 1663, 4to. See p. 348 of Farewell Serms., Lon., 1816, Svo. Gass, Patrick, A Jour, of the Voyages and Travels of a corps of discovery under the command of Capts. Lewis and Clarke, 1804-06, Pittsburg, 1807, 12mo; Lon., I SOS, Svo; Phila., 1810, '12, 12mo. '■ It is curious to observe how ingeniously Mr. Gass has avoided whatever could interest or amuse. All he says, we have no doubt, is strictly true: at least, if intolerable dullness he a symptom of truth in narration, he has amply vindicated his veracity.'' — Lon. Quar. Rev., i. 293-304. See Allen, Paul; Biddle, Nicholas; Lewis, Meri- wether. Gast, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Glandclogh. 1. Rud. of Grecian Hist, to Philip of Macedon, Lon., 1754, Svo. 2. Hist, of Greece from Alex, of Macedon till the final Sub- jection to the Koman Power, 1782, 4to. 3. Lett from a Clergyman, Ac. to his Popish Parishioners. Gaston, Rev. Hngh. A Scripture Account of the Faith and Practice of Christians, consisting of collections of pertinent texts of Scripture upon the sundry Articles of Revealed Religion. Lon., 1764, Svo. New ed., enlarged, by Joseph Strutt, 1813, Svo. Again, 1824, Svo. To this ed. 20,000 references are added. Again, 1S47. Svo; Phila., 1855, Svo. Pub. by F. Bell. See Pehcy, Thomas. The ed. by Mr. Bell is that corrected and revised by the Rev. John Hall. The late eds. are entitled Gaston's Common- Place Book, Ac. "The arriin^ement is clear, the selection of texts is sufficiently ample, and a useful index enables the reader to find passages of Scripture arranged on almost every topic he can desire. . . . As it is of easy purchase, it may be substituted for any of the larger common-plnce books." — Holme's BibL Bib. "The attributes, perfections, and operations of God; the glories of the Saviour: the accomplished work of redemption, and the agency of the Holy spirit, are severally enlarged upon. The divine law is amplified with the consentaneous illustrations of its pre- cepts by our Lord himself, and by the prophets and apostles. The personal and relative duties of mankind are largely insisted upon." — Lowmles's Brit. Lib. Gastrell, Francis, 1662-1725, a native of Slapton, Northampton, entered Christ Church, Oxf., I6S0 ; preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 1(594; Canon of Christ Church, Oxf., 1702; Bishop of Chester, 1714. 1. Considerations on the Trinity, Lon., 1G1>6, 1702, '07, 4to. Also reprinted in Bp. Randolph's Enchiridion Theologicum, vol. iii. 2. The Certainty and Xecessity of Religion in General; 8 Serms. at Boyle's Lcct. on Heb. xi. G, ltJ97, ViVi, Svo; 1739, fol. Gastrell followed up this attack upon Atheism by a blow at Deism in (3.) The Certainty of the Christian Revela- tion, and the necessity of believing it, established, 169'J, Svo. 4. Fast Serm., 1704, '07, 4to, 5. The Christian In- stitutes; or, the Sincere Word of God, 1707, ^09, Svo; 1717, 12mo. Frequently reprinted; recently by the Lond. C. K. Society in 12mo. ** This valuable little work, which may perhaps be considered as a Concordance of parallel passages at full length, .... may be very advanta^'eously substituted for any of the subsequent larger and more expensive works. The 'Economy of a Christian Lite,' published by the Kev. W. Bingley in 1SU8, 2 vols. 12mo, is similar in design, but upon the whole better arranged than Bp. Gastrell's little manual.'' — Home's Bibl. Bib. 6. Serm., 1712, 4to. 7. Serm. 1714, 4to. 8. Remarks upon the Seripturo Doctrine of the Trinity, by Dr. Samuel Clarke, 1714. " Dr. Clarke acknowledged that the objections to his doctrine were there set forth to p.irticular advantage, by the skill of a very GAS GAU aHe and learned writer, and pnjpnsed with a reasonable and good spirit." 9. His Case with respect to the Wartlenship of Man- chester, 1721. 10. Certainty of a Future State, 1725, '37, Svo. 11. Tracts, 8vo. Some other treatises are ascribed to him. " lie left a sufficient monument of himself in bis writings, and his virtues are far from being yet forsottsn." — Dr. Willis. See Biog. Brit. ; Atterbury Curresp. : Nichols's Lit. Anec. Gastrell, Peregrine, LL.D. Enquiry into the Es.- ercise of some parts of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, Lon., 1747, Svo. Gataker, Charles, 1614?-! GSO, son of the celebrated Thomas Gataker, educated at Sidney Coll., Camb., and Pembroke Coll., Oxf., became Rector of Iloggeston, Buck- inghamshire, about 1647, and continued there until his death. lie wrote some treatises against the Papists, The Way of Truth and Peace, or a Reconciliation of St. Paul and St. James concerning Justification, another work on Justification, animadversions on Bull's Ilarmonia Aposto- lica, &c. See Athen. Oxon. ; Gcnl. Biog. Diet. Gataker, Thomas, 1574-1(554, was educated at St. John's Coll., Camb.; preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 1001; Rector of Rotherhithe, 1611. He was for many years de- barred from active pastoral duty by ill health. He was one of those who suiiscribed the Covenant, but professed his attachment to Kpiseopaey, and in the time of the Com- monwealth sided with the Presbyterians rather thaji the Independents. He was one of the most learned critics of his day, and Salmasius, Aenius, Culomies, Morhof, Baillet, as well as the British scholars, united in his praise. Among his principal works are; — 1. Of the Nature and Use of Lots; aTreatise, Hist. and Theolog., Lon., 1616, '19, *27,4to. "This publication made a great noise, and drew him afterwards into a controversy." 2. Serms., 1620, 4to; 1637, fol. He also pub. a number of other serms. and discourses, 1620-1707. " In his sermons, suitably to the very great learning of the man. there is a wonderful variety of useful matter." — Dr. Wotto7i's Study of Divinity- 3. Dissertatio de Stylo Novi Testament!, 1648, 4to. 4. Cinnus. f Eng. Quar. Itev. Notice of vol. ii. : " They are sermons of a high and solid character, and are the productions of a good Churchman. They are earnest and affec- tionate, and follow out the Church's doctrine." — Lon. Theologian. 2. The Bell ; its Origin, History, and Uses. New ed., 1848, 12mo. " A very varied, learned and amusing essay on the subject of bells." — Lon. Spectator. 3. The Vicar nnd his Duties, 1853, 12mo. 4. Serms. for Wayfarers, 1854, cr. Svo. Gatty, Mrs, Alfred. The Fairy Godmothers; and other Tales, Lon., 1851, 12mo. *' Uer love for fairy literature has led Mrs. Alfred Gatty to com- pose four pretty little moral stories, in which the fairies are grace- fully enough used as machinery. They are shght, but well writ- ten." — Lmi. Guardian. " Approaching in tone and tendency to the fairy-tales of Ander- sen. Most commendable as a fairy-book, with a beautiful illus- tration by an amateur artist, Miss L. K. Barker." — Lon. AtliKuauiu. Gaudeu, Johu, D.D., 1605-1662, a native of Jlay- field, Essex, educated at St. John's Coll., Camb., became Vicar of Chippenham, and subsequently Rector of Bright- well, Berkshire. Being appointed chaplain to Robert, Earl of Warwick, he preached before the House of Com- mons, Nov. 29, 1640, and so pleased the members that they gave him a silver tankard, and in the next year presented him to the rich deanery of Booking, in Essex. When he discovered the murderous designs entertained by the Parliamentarians, he boldly opposed them in a published protest, (1648, fob,) and after the king had been put to death, he wrote A Just Invective against those of the army and their abettors who murthered K. Charles L, Ac. ; written Feb. 10, 1648. But this was not pub. until after the Restoration, i. e. in 1662. In 1660 he was made Bishop of Exeter, and in 1662 translated to Worcester. He wrote a number of treatises in vindication of the Church of Eng- land and its ministers, among which are Hieraspistes, or A Defence of the Ministry and Mini.--ters of the Ch. of Eng., 1653, 4to ; The Case of Ministers' Maintenance by Tithes, 1653 ; Petitionary Remonstrance to Oliver Crom- well in behalf of the Clergy of Eng., 1659, 4to; Ecclesiie Anglicana; Suspiria; The Tears, Sighs, and Complaints of the Ch. of Eng., 1659, fol.; Antisacrllegus, 1600, 4to; serms., &c. The character of Gauden has been violently assailed ; but he lived in days when prominent men of either party were not likely to meet with much mercy from their oppo- nents. Witliout entering into any examination of his character, it is but fair to quote Wood's declaration, and thus give him credit for what cannot be disputed: '* While he continued there [tutor at Wndham College] the great- ness of his parts were much improved by the greatness of indus- ti-y, bestowing the most part of the day and night too in the study of divine matters; . . . esteemed by all that knew him a very comely person, a man of vast parts, and one that had been strangely improved by unwearied labour." — Athoi. Oxon. But we must no longer delay the introduction of a sub- ject which, more than all other causes of notoriety, has in- vested and still invests the , name of Gauden with deep interest to the student of political and literary history: — the authorship of Eikon Basilike. In our articles on An- GAU NESLET, AnTHCR, Earl OF, and Charles I., King of Eng- land, we have already dwelt somewhat upon this vexed question, and referred the reader to the article he is now perusing, promising to direct him to the hest sources of iu- formation on this subject. The "famous memorandum" in the Earl of Anglesey's copy of the Eilion Basilike was discovered by Mr. Millington, the auctioneer who sold his lordship's library. It is a MS. declaration by the E.arl that K. Charles II. and the Duke of York had both assured him that the work in question •■ Was nom- of the said Knic's oompiline, but made by Dr. Gau- den. Kishop of Chester, which I here insert, for the undeceiving others in lljis point, by attesting so much under my band." This memor.andum was given to the world, and great was the controversy, and many were the books, to which it gave rise. As regards the work itself, wo have already said so much uuder the name of Charles I. that we may be excused from lingering much on this point. Those who are disposed to jiursue the subject at length can examine the dissertations upon this question by Milton, Jane, Lud- low, HoUingworth, Walker, Long, Wagstaff, Burnet, Dug- dale, Nash, Birch, Granger, Burton ; Gent. Mag. for 1754 ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Lon. Quar. Rev. ; Brydges's Resti- tuta; see these and other authorities cited in Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; also see authorities cited in Biog. Erit. ; Laing's Hist, of Scotland; Lloyd's Memoirs; Maty's Review; Dean Barwick's Life; Who wrote Icon Basilike? by Chris- topher Wordsworth, D.D., 1824, '26, '28, 3 vols. 8vo; and a review of vol. i. of this work I)y Sir James Mackintosh, in Edin. Rev., xliv. 1-47. It is fair to add that in his last vol. Dr. Wordsworth stoutly defends his position against Lingard, Todd, Broughton, tho Edinburgh Review, and Hallam. Surely the good doctor had his hands full. Mr. Todd rejoined in the next year, 1829. If the reader .ask iis "Who wrote Icon Bfisilike?" we shall be obliged to reply as we shall when he (by supposi- tion) asks us "Who wrote Junius?" — Really, we cannot tell. To show him that we have no great reason to blush for our ignorance, we beg to tell him that the learned Dr. Wordsworth "proves" th.at King Charles I. wrote it, and the equally learned Sir James Mackintosh "proves" that Bishop G.auden wrote it. Now it is cert.ain that both can- not be right, and it is just as certain that it would puzzle a wiser head than ours to prove that either is wrong. Those who wish to see Dr. Wordsworth supported can turn to the London Qu.arterly Review, xxxii. 467-505 ; and those who wish to see Sir James Mackintosh countenanced can con- sult Todd's answer to Wordsworth, and Henry llallam's Introduction to the Literature of Europe. The quotation of the opinion of the last-named eminent authority may fitly conclude this article : "The famous loon Dasilice .ascribed to Charles I. may deserve a place in literary history. If we could trust its panegyrists, few books in our langu.age have done it more credit by dignity of sen- timent and beauty of style. It can hardly be necessary for me to express my unhesitating conviction that it was solely written by Bishop Gauden. who after the Restoration unequivocally claimed it as his own. The folly and impudence of such a claim, if it could not be substantiated, are not to be presumed as to any man of good understanding, fair character, and high station, without stronger evidence than has been alleged on the other side; espe- cially when we find that those who had the best means of inquiry, at a'time when it seems impossible that the falsehood of Gaudeu's assertion should not have been demonstrated, if it were false, acquiesced in his pretensions. We have very little to place against this, except secondary testimony, vague, for the most p.art. in itself. and collected by those whose veracity has not been put to the test like that of CanJen. The style also of the Icon Basilice has been identified by Mr. Todd with that of Gauden by the use of several phrases so peculiar that we can hardly conceive them to have sug- gested themselves to more than one person. It is nevertheless superior to his acknowledged writings. A strain of majestic mt^ lancholy is well kept up; but the personated sovereign is rather too theatrical for real nature, the language is too rhetorical and amplified, the periods too.irtiticially elaborated. None but scholars and practical wi-ilers employ such a style as this.'' — Ed. 3d, Zwi., 1847, vol. Hi. 152, 153. Here we had intended to stop. But fearful that the last quotation may settle the question with our reader, and hav- ing a charitable desire to leave him in the same pleasing uncertainty with which we shall dismiss him from the Ju- nius controversy — in the same state, in short, in which we find ourselves — we throw out for his consideration the fol- lowing comment, which has at least the authority of a great name: " To go no further for a testimony, let his own writings witness, which speak him no less an author than a monaich, composed with such a commanding majeslic pathos, as if they bad been writ not with a pen but with a sceptre, and for those who.sc virulent and ridiculous calumnies ascribe that incomparable piece to others, 1 say it is a sufficient argument that those did not write it because thev could not." — South. Since we prepared the above article for the press, Mr. 666 GAY Macaulav has pub. vols. iii. and iv. of his Hist, of Eng- land, (Lon., Dec. 1855,) and in this learned and instructive work we find the following expression of opinion upon that ve.ted question .above noticed : ■'■ l-n that year [1692] an honest old clergyman named W alker, who had. in the time of the Commonwealth, been Gauden's curate. wrote a book which convinced all sensible and dispassionate readers that Gauden, and not Charles the I'irst, was the author ol the Icon Basilike." . Gaiile, John, wrote several works on theology, witch- craft, and astrology, 1628-60. See Bibl. Brit., and Lon. Retrosp. Review, iv. 223-30, 1821, for a notice of his Dis- tractions; or, the Holy Madnesse, 162a, 8vo. ".lohn Oaule seems to have thought that the art of pleasing was wrapt up in a pun. or in marshalling an overpowering collection of epithets in • battalous array.' '^—Ubi supra. Gaunt. John. Three Serms., 1769, Svo. Gauntiett, Henry, Vicar of Olney. 1. Scrrn., Oxon., 1809 Svo. 2. Proverbs of Solomon, with Observ., 1813. 3 Expos.'of tho Book of Revelation; being the substance of 44 Discourses, 2d ed., 1821, r. 8vo; 4th ed., revised, since pub. " Very much on the plan of Bishop Newton and l^cott^practical and useful."— a'c.'.ers/cMi's Cliris. Stu. "His interpretations of the prophecies, whether fullilled or ex- pected to be so. are mostly supported by venerable authorities ; and where he differs fiom them, it is with modesty and candour. —Britith Bet-iew, xviii. 306. Gavin, Antony. Master Key to Popery, Lon., li 25- 26, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed. of vol. i., 1729. " An extraordinary work, exposing the system of Popery. Gavner, John. The 100 Weight Fraction-Book, 1815. Gawen, Nicholas. Christ's Pre-eminence Asserted and Vindicated. Oxon., 1668, fol. Gawler, Wm. Harmonia Sacra, 1781, 4to. Gawton, Richard. The Lord's Supper, 1612, Svo. Gay, Ebcnczcr, D.D., 1696-1787, minister of Hing- ham, Mass. Serms., &e., 1726-81. >• Dr Chauncy pronounces him to have been one of the greatest and most valuable men in the country." See Allen's Amer. Blog Diet., and authorities there cited. Gay, John, 1688-1732, a native of Barnstaple, the descendant of the ancient family of the Le Gays of Oxford and Devonshire, was at an early age apprenticed to a silk- mercer in London. A brief experience proved both to himself and his master that he was ill suited for the duties of active life, and, obtaining a discharge from his inden- tures, he determined to follow his literary inclinations. The amiability and unobtrusiveness of his character re- commended him to the friendship of Pope, Swift, and other wits of the day, and his new attachments were strengthened by the evidence of poetical abilities displayed in his Rural Sports, a descriptive poem addressed to Pope, and pub. in 1711. In the next year he obtained the situa- tion of domestic secretary to the Duchess of Monmouth ; and two years later produced The Fan; a Poem, and The Shepherd's Week, in VL Pastorals. Trivia; or, the Art of Walking the Streets, appeared in the succeeding year. But during this period ho had not neglected the stage— a successful appearance on which was the great object of ambition to the poets of his day and the preceding reigns. In 1713 his comedy of tho Wife of Bath had been con- demned ; but in the next year the play of What D'ye Call It? a kind of mock tragedy, met with better success, and was honoured by tho presence of the Prince and Pvinces.^ of Wales. Encouraged by his good fortune, he presented the town, in 1717, with the comedy of Three Hours after Marriage. This piece proved a failure, and Gay bore all the disgrace attaching to want of success ; although Pope and Arbuthnot would probably have claimed a share in the authorship had any laurels been forthcoming. How- ever, Gay's wounded feelings were somewhat soothed by a profit of £1000 on an edition of his Poems, pub. by sub- scription in 1720; and he also received about this time a present from Mr. Secretary Craggs of some South Sea stock. His interest in this famous buljble was supposed to be worth £20,000, but, not willing to accept this sum. ho held his stock, and soon found it to be utterly worth- less. In 1724 he wrote the tragedy of The Captives, which was tolerably successful on the stage, and seems to have pleased the Princess of W.ales. who heard it read by the author in MS. ; for she engaged him to write for the bone- fit of the Duke of Cumberland, then an infant, some fables in verse. This was the origin of the Fables, by which, next to the Beggar's Opera, Gay is best known to the pre- sent generation. The famous play just named was produced in November, 1727, and immediately took the town by storm, enjoying a run of no less than sixty-three nights. The author and his friends were in ecstasies. The ladies carried about the GAY favourite songs in fans, the morals of thousands of hope- ful youug people were corruptt-a for life, and, as if n.dulity itself must make a costly (.ifering to the shrine of infamy — Larinia Fentun, (the Polly I'fachum of the play,) a notorious unmarried courtesan win. had long known ma- ternal responsibilities, was led tu the altar in pomp by the Right Uon. Lord Charles, third Duke of Bolton. We are not ignorant that the injurijus influences which we charge upon the Beggar's Opera have beun dcniud : and this might surprise us if any thing in the way of efiVontery or sophistry could now excite our wonder. But the fact which we are about to quote is worth more than all the special pleading which has been lavished upon such sub- jects from the days of John D'Urfey to the present gene- ration : " In the year 1773, Sir John Fielding told the bench of Justices that he had written tn Jlr. Garrick roncerning the impropriety of performing the Beiri^ar's Opem. which never ivas npre^nit'd with- out creatiug an additional nitmher of thkres ; and they particularly requested that he would desist from performiug that opera on Salurdiii/ evcninij. ^urh also were the fears of the church ns to the effects of this play, that Dr. liening, then Archbishop ot Cautt-r- bury, preached a sermon a;rainst it; and Beau Swift was writing in favour of it in the Intelli;_-encer. "Gay was called, iu ccusequence of it, the Orpheus of IIi;;liway- men." But excepting fame — or disgrace, as we should term it — Mr. Gay received but little compensation for the mis- chievous effects produced by the Beggar's Opera. He pocketed but £400, and perhaps this was hardly sufficient to soothe the compunctious visitings naturally excited by such evil agency. He therefore wrote a sequel to the Beg- gar's Opera, entitled Polly, the representation of which was forbidden — for political reasons — by the Lord-Cham- berlain. This refusal excited the ire of the party in op- position, and a profit of £1100 or £1200 accrued" to Gay from the publii.ation of the prohibited piece. Nor was this his only triumph. The Duke and Duchess of Queens- berry adopted bim as a member of their family, and his Grace became pecuniary guardian of the poet, who, like most poets, knew not how to keep his money. His lord- ship proved so able a financier, that on his death, Dec. 4, 1732, Gay left a property of £:5000. In addition to the works already noticed, he wrote The Distressed Wife, a Comedy; Achilles, an Opera; Dione, a Pastoral, &c. ; and many songs and ballads. The best-known specimen of his prose is the letter — in which he was assisted by Pope — from Lord Haroourt's seat in Oxfordshire, giving an account of the death of two village lovers by a stroke of lightning. Among his minor poems may be instanced The Hare with many Friends, The Court of Death, and Black-Eyed Susan. As a poet, his merits were great; as a man, he was indolent, amiable, and irresolute; as a moralist, he is entitled to no consideration whatever. He lived with no higher purpose than to please, and died with the consciousness that he had done little or nothing to profit or instruct. His Poems on several occasions were pub. in 1720, 2 vols. 4to; Miscellanies, by Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, and Gay, 1727, 3 vols. 8vo; Gay's Works, 1722-25, 6 vols. 12mo; Poems, 1727, 2 vols. 12mo; 173T, 2 vols. Svo ; 1762, 2 vols. 12mo; 1767, 2 vols. 12mo ; Miscell. AVorks, 1773, 4 vols. 12mo; Poems never printed, 1820, 12nio: Fables, 1727-38, 2 vols. 4to ; 1733-38, 2 vols. Svo; with Notes and Life of the Author by W. Coxe, 1790, 12nio; new ed., with memoir by 0. F. Owen, Lon., 1854, 12mo. They have been trans, into Latin, Italian, and French; a trans, en vers Fran^ais, par le Chevalier de Chateiain, was pub. by Mr. Whiltaker in London, 1853. Z2mo. For other eds. of Gay's Fables, pieces pub. separately, &c., see Bibl. Brit., Lowndes's Bibl. Man., aud authorities sub- joined. " As a poet he i;annot be rated very high. He was, as I once heard a female critic remark, ' of a lower order.' He had not in any degree the mens divinior. the dignity of genius. Sluch. how- ever, must be allowed to the author of a new species of composi- tion, though it be not of the blithest kind. We owe to Gay the Ballad Opera; a mode of comedy which at first was supposed to delight only by its novelty, but has now by the experience of half a century been so well accommodated to the disposition of !t popular audience, that it is likely to keep long possession of the stage." — Dr. Joh7ison's Li/e of Gay. But Dr. Wharton condemns the Beggar's Opera as the parent of " that most monstrous of all absurdities, the Comic Opera." *• G.ny's Fables are certainly a work of great merit both as to the quantity of invention implied, and as to the elegance and facility of the execution. They aie, however, spun out too long; the de- scriptions and narrative are too diffusive and desultory; and the moral is sometimes without point. They are more like Tales than Fables. The best are. perhaps. The Hare with many Friends, the Monkeys, aud the Fox at the Point of Death. Uis Pastorals are GED pleasing and poetical. But liis capital worll is his Be'Ear's Ooera " HazUWs Led. tm Ihe Eng. I'utls. See Biog. Brit. ; Swift's AVorks ; Pope's Works ; Spence'a Anecdotes ; MiscLiel's arising from Lis Beggar's Opera, Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xliii. ; Howitt's Homes and Haunts of eminent Brit. Poets; Thackeray's Humorists of the ISttl century. Gay, John, Miniature Pictures, newly adapted to the most Fashionable and Public Characters of both se.\os, now living, 17S0, 4to. Gay, Joseph. The Confederates; a Farce, Lon., 1717, Svo. We have already noticed this play, and other works, under the real name of the author, Capt. Johs DtJHANT de Brev.\l. Gay, Nicholas. Union between G. E. and Ire., 1799. Gay, Will. Eleven Serms., Lon., 1655, Svo. Gayarre, Charles E. Arthur, b. Jan. 3, 1S05, at New Orleans, is a descendant of one of the most an- cient and historical families of the State of Louisiana, and has held many high posts of honour in his native Slate. 1. Historical Essay on Louisian.a, iu French, New Orleans, 1S30, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. History of Louisiana, in French, 1846. 2 vols. Svo. •' Tliis work begins with the discovery of Louisiana, and comes down to 1769, when the Spaniards took final possession of the colony. It gives a lull and authentic account of the Fn lali .li inioa- tiun in Louisiana, aud contains many interesting ilo- iiineiits winch are thus preserved in the verniicular language ut the hist settlers.'* 3. Romance of the history of Louisiana, New York, 1S48, 4. Louisiana: its history as a French Colony, 1S51, Svo. 5. Louisiana; its histoi-y as a French Colony; 2d series, 1852, Svo. G. History of Louisiana, (French domination,) 1854, 2 vols. Svo. 7. History of Louisiana, (Spanish do- mination,) lSo4, Svo. 8. School for Politics; a Dramatic Novel, IS54. 9. Influence of the Mechanic Arts on the Human Race, 1854. Mr. Gayarre has also pub. several political addresses, &.<:. Gayler, Charles, b. 1820, in New York. At an early age commenced to write for the stage while editing a newspaper iu Cincinnati; aud, returning to his native city in 1850, has since been there connected with the newspaper and periodical press. Has written upwards of forty dramatic pieces of various kinds, every one of which has been successful on representation. Among those which have been published between 1846 and '58 arc The Gold- Hunters, a Dr.ama; the operetta of The Frightened Fiend; Taking the Chances, a Comedy ; The Love of a Prince, a Comedy; The Son of the Night, a Urama; Galieno Fa^ liero, a Tragedy ; and Isms, a Comedy. Gaylord, Lewis, and Luther 'i'ucker. American Husbandry ; being a series of Essays, &c. designed for its Improvement. N. Y'ork, 2 vols. ISmo. Gayton, Edmund, or De Specioa Villa, 1609- 1666, wrote a number of humorous works, 1645-63, of which the Festivious Notes upon Don Quixote, 1054, &e., is the best known. Wood tells us that, when turned out of employment, he "Lived in London in a sharking condition, and wrote trite things merely to get bread to sustain him and bis wife." — Alhen. 0X071. Who would believe such presumption possible? Why did not Anthony teach "him and his wife" how to live without " bread" ? No marvel that his honest indigna- tion was aroused! Some of Gayton's works now bring high prices. See Athen. Oxon. ; BiW.Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., Ivii. 399. Geach, Francis, M.D., d. 1798, of Plymouth, Eng- land, pub. several profess, treatises, 1766-81. See Bibl. Brit. Geard, John. The Beauties of Matt. Henry, with his Life, Character, Labours and Death, Lon., 1797, Svo. Geare, Allen. Ebenezer; or, preserv. from Ship- wreck. See Osborne's Voyages, ii. 787 : 1746. Geare, llev. E. P.irents' Complaint, Lon., 1848, 12nio. Gearing, W'ni. Serms., Lon., 1660-73. Gedde, John. Works on Bees, 1675, 1721. Gedde, Waller. See Gidde. Geddes, Alexander, 1737-1802, a Roman Catholic divine, was suspended from all ecclesiastical functions after the puljlication of vol. i. of his trans, of the Bible with Notes, which gave great otfence to Christians generally. 1. The Holy Bible; trans, from the original, with Notes, Remarks, Ac, Lon., 1792-97, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Critical Re- marks on the Hebrew Scriptures, ISOO, 4to. 3. New Trans, of the Psalms, with Notes, &a., 1807, Svo. Geddes did not complete his design. The books trans, are those from Genesis to Chronicles, and the Book of Ruth, "Geddes's version is admitted to coul^iio mauy hapjiy render- ings, many just emendations of the text, and many profound and 657 GED GEL ingeniouR observationa on its sense, and to discoTer a profound knowledge in the Hebrew lanRUage. But the propriety of the greater part, both of his emendations and interpretations, has been questioned." — Charles Butler. " Dr. Geddes applied the whole weii^ht of his learning and talents to an artful attack upon the Divine authority of the Scripture?. Through the medium of a new translation he strives to shew that these Scriptures are entitled to no other respecter veneration than what is due to them as curious remaius of antiquity." — BUhop Van MilderVs Boyle Lectures. *'The volume of Remarks only comprehends the Pentateuch. It is in these remarks that the sentiments of the translator are most offensively stated. All the freedom of the modern conti- Qental critics is used with the sacred writings, without the veil of a foreign language interposed, to conceal its unsightliness." — Orme's Bill. Bib. Dr. Boothroyd, in his tran."?., has availed himself of the labours of Gerldes, but has not been misled by his errors. A review of Geddes's trans., attributed to Bishop Horsley, appeared in the British Critic, vols, iv., xiv.. .xix., and x.x. In Dr. John M.ason (Jood's Life of Geddes, 1.S04, 8vo, will be found some valuable criticisms on his writings. Ani- madversions on Geddes's trans, were reprinted in 1803, 8vo, from the British Critic for 1802. Geddes's trans, of the Psalms noticed above, a posthu- mous publication, edited by Dr. Disney and Charles Butler, extends only to the 11th verse of Psalm cxviii. ; the rest is added from an interleaved copy of Bishop Wil.son's Bible corrected by Dr. G. "Though many things have displeased ns in the perusal of this work, we are not prepared to say that the learned editors should have altogether uithlirld this new version from the public. Dr. Geddes \ras uoilMul.t.dly a considerable scholar, and his lucubra- tions may be turned by other scholars to good account, though they cannot be implicitly adopted."— /in"(i,s7i Critic, O. .S, xxiii. 368. Dr. G. also pub. trans, from Homer, Horace, Ac., Letters, Serms., ic, for an account of which see Bibl. Brit, and Good's Life of Geddes. Geddes, James, 1710-1749. a Scotch advocate. An Essay on the Composition and Manner of Writing of the Ancients, particularly Plato, Glasg., 1748, 8vo. Highly commended. Geddes, Michael, D.D., d. 1715, a native of Scot- land, Chancellor of the Ch. of Sarum. 1. Hist, of the Ch. of Malabar, from the Portuguese, Lon., 1694, 8vo. 2. Hist, of the Ch. of Ethiopia, &c., 1096, 8vo. X The Council of Trent no Free Assembly, Ac, 1697, 1714, Svo. 4. Miseell. Tracts, 1702, '06, '06, 3 vols. Svo. Reprinted, 3 vols. Svo^ 1714, '30. 5. Tracts against Popery, 1715, 8vo. Robert Southey greatly admired Geddes, and frequently quotes his works. Geddes, Wm. Saints Recreation, 3d part: upon the State of Grace. Edin., 16.S3, 4to. All pub. Geddes, Wm., M.D., late surgeon of the Madras Eu- ropean Regiment. Clinical Illustrations of the Diseases of India, Lon., 1846, Svo. _" A more elaborate display of medical statistics has rarely been given to the public. ... Asa vast amount of facts, the book is really, we believe, unrivalled." — Loii. Spectntor. Gee, Alex. Ground of Christianitie, 1594? Gee, Edward, D.D. Serms., Ac, 1620, '53, '58. Steps of Ascension to God ; or, a Ladder to Heaven. "Printed at least 27 times, mostly in a manual, or in a vol. called twenty-fours; the "JTth edit, came out in 1C77." — At/ten. Oxoti. Gee, Edward, Rector of St. Benedict, London. Trea- tises against the Jesuits, &c., Lon., 1687-92. Gee, J. Impositions on Parliament, 1765, Svo. Gee, John, d. 1639, a clergyman of the Church of England, embraced Roman Catholic opinions, but subse- quently renounced them, and pub. a warning to Protest- ants, &.C., entitled The Foot out of the Snare ; or. Detection of Practices and Impostures of Priests and Jesuits, Lon., 1624, 4to. There was pub. with this, A Gentle Excuse to Mr. Gregg, Ac, and the two were " Printed four times in the .said vear. Ifi24. because all the copies ormostof them, were bought up by R. Catholics."— ytWicii. Ox.m, '/.i'. Geo tilso pub. a Serm., 1624, 4to, and New Shreds, Ac, 1624, 4to. Gee, Joshua, minister in Boston, d. 1748, aged 50 Serms., Lett, to N. Eells, Ac, 1728-43. Gee, Joshua. The Trade and Navigation of G. Britain Considered, Lon., 1729, '30, 8vo: Glasg., 1735 '60 Svo; 1767, 12mo. '■ The account given in it of the state of our trade is, for the most part, as deceptive as the means suggested for its improvement are illiberal and inefBcient."— .JfcCii/teA's Lit. of Polit. Ji-on.. q. r. Geere, John. Answer to Godwin, Lon., 1649, 4to. Getl'e, Nicholas. Silk-Worms. Lon., 1607, 4to. Geikie, Archibald. The Story ofa Boulder, Lon.,185R. " lie h.os put forth known facts in a pleasing manner for the beginner."— Lon. Atlini., 1S&8, Pt. 2, 237. Geldart, T. C. Scotch Judicature Bill, Lon., 1825, Svo. 658 . ) 1 v Geldart, Mrs. Thomas, has pub. Stories of England and Ireland, and other juvenile works, 1849, Ac. " She writes as one who understjinds and loves children. Her style is interesting; her moral is always sound.' — Notice of Stories o/ Knriland, in the Lon. Eclectic I^evuw, ■ Gell, John. Causes of Insolvency in Retail Business, Ac, Lon., 1796, Svo. Gell, Philip. Idiom of the Hebrew, Lon., 1821, Svo. Gell, Robert, D.D., of London, d. 1665. 1. Serm., Lon., 1650, 4to. 2. Serm., 1655, 4to. 3. Essays towards the Amendment of the Eng. Trans, of the Bible, 1659, fob 4. Remains or Select Scrip, of the N. Test., 1 676, 2 vols. fol. "These are very curious books, consisting of a number of dis- courses on particular passages, full of allegorical and cabalistical illustrations, along with some ingenious and solid criticisms. Dr Gell was an Arminian. and is spoken of by Mr. Baxter as one of the sect-makers of the time." — Orme's Bibl. Bib. The Remains are commended Ijy John Wesley. Charles Wesley took hints for some hymns from Gell's Notes. Gell, Sir William, 1777-1836, an eminent classical antiquary, educated at, and Fellow of, Emanuel Coll., Camb., was knighted in 1803; subsequently, to 1820, he resided altogether at Rome or Naples. 1. Topography of Troy and its Vicinity, Lon., 1804, fol. " t4ell's Topography of Troy and Ithaca cannot fail to ensure the approbation of every man possessed of classical taste, as well for the information Mr. (Jell conveys to the mind of the reader as for the aljility and research therespective works display ."—Lord BvRON. Reviewed in the Edin. Rev., and Lon. Quar. Rev. 2. Geo- graphy and Antiq. of Ithaca, 1807, 4to. " His Geography of Ithaca comprehends a full survey of the far- famed island which the hereof the Ddyssey has immortalized; for we really are inclined to think that the author has established the identity of the modern The;iki with the Ithaca of Homer." — Lord BVRON. 3. Itinerary of Greece, 1810, r. 4to. 4. Itinerary of the Morea, 1817, Svo. 5. Attica, 1817, fol. 6. Tour in the Morea, 1823, Svo. 7. Topography of Rome and its Vi- cinity, 1834, 3 vols. Svo and r. Svo; including the Map. 1840, 2 vols. Svo; with the Map. New ed., by E. H. Bun- bury, 1846, Svo. This excellent work should accompany Gibbon's Decline and Fall. To .say nothing of the fatigue and trouble involved in this undertaking, the expense of surveys and measurement alone was upwards of £600. "These volumes are so replete with what is valuable, that were we to employ our entire journal, we could, after all, afford but a meagre indicarion of their interest and worth." — Loji. Lit. Giisetle. 8. By Sir Wm. Gell and J. P. Gandy, Pompeiana; or, descrip. of the Topog., Edifices, and Ornaments of Pom- peii, 1817-19, 2 vols, in 1, imp. Svo and imp. 4lo; 1824, 2 vols. r. Svo; 1S62, 2 vols. r. Svo. Second series, 1830, 2 vols. r. Svo, imp. Svo, and 4to. The value of these works, which give the result of the excavations since the com- mencement in 1748, need not be enlarged on. By their aid, he who stays in his library will have a better idea of Pompeii than he who visits the entombed city without them. Sir Wm. Gell also contributed to the letter-press of the illustrations of the Antiquities of lona, pub. by the Society of DiletLanti, (of which he was a member,) 1797- 1840, 3 vols. imp. fob, pub. at £21. In this work will be found the illustrations of the ruins of those buildings which were distinguished by Vitruvius and other ancient writers for their elegance and magnificence; such as the Temple of Bacchus, at Teos, the country of Anacreon ; tlie Temple dedicated to Minerva. atPriene, by Alexander of Macedon; and the Temple of Apollo Didymajus, near Miletus. "Gell's notions of authorship were ofa very aristocratic nature. All his works were brought out on so large and extensive a scale as to be out of the reach of that class of readers foi- whom his topo- graphical and antiquarian researches would have been especi.ally useful — for travellers in those countries whose remains wei-e de- scribed by him."— />r. Miidilrn's Li/ro/tlie ihunlessof Blemnglm, where will he found some interesting notices of Gell. Also see Willis's Pencillings by the Way; Byron's Hours of Idleness and Notes; and an obituary notice of Sir Wm. in the Lon. Gent. Ma"., June. Vi'id. iXb, BtlO. ° Gellibrand, Henry, 1597-1636, a native of London, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf, became curate of Chidding- stone, Kent; Prof of Astronomy at Gresham Coll., 1627. He pub. An Appendix concerning Longitude, 1633, An Institution Trigonometrical, 1634, '52, a Discour.se Ma- thematical, 1635, An Epitome of Navigation, 1674, '98, and a Latin Oration in praise of the Astronomy of Gas- sendus; but is best known as a writer by his completion of Henry Briggs's Trigonometria; Britannicse, of which we have already treated in the proper place. See Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Brit. ; Ward's Gresham Professors; Martin's Biog. Philosophica. Gellibrand, Joseph. Poem, Lon., 1783, 4to. Gellius, John. 1. Apologia, Ac, Rupella;, 1605, Svo. 2. Epith. in Nuplias Fred. V., Heidelb., 1613, 4to. 3. Ao- clamatio ad Jaeubum I., Edin., 1617, 4to. G^EIi GER Gellman, James, Bite of Rabid Animals, 1S12. Gem, Richard. The Stone. Lon.. 1741. Gemmil, John. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1736. Geiiest, P. Account of tbe English Stnge, 1660- 1830, Bath, 1832, 10 vols. 8vo. This work commences where Collier's ends. Mr. G. is said to have spent his whule life in collecting materials for this history. He might have made a much hetter use of his time. Since writing the above, we meet with the following : •• A more rt-uiarkablc' instance of waste of time and paper we never remember." — L&il. AihcttCEum^ Oct. 19, 1833. See this caustii; review. Geneste, M. The Parallel Histories of Judah and Israel, Lon., 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. " Useful in pointing out tbe times when the Prophets lived." — BickeriifeWs Chris. SCu. Genevais, J. A, Navigation, Lon., 1769, Svo. Gengembre, P. W.. Prnf. of Foreign Languages in Girard Cull., Phila.. and J, H. Browu. Elements of English Grammar, Phila., 1855, 12mo. Highly com- mended by Pres^ident W. U. Allen of Uirard College, and by many teachers of the public schools of Phila. Genings, J, Life of E. Genings, 1614, 4to. Gent. Vindic. of Europe and G. Brit., 1S03. Gent, Thomas, 1691-1778, a printer and antiquary of York. 1. Hist, of York, Lon., 1703, Svo. 2. Hist, of Rippon, &c., York, 1733, Svo. 3. Hist, of Kingston-upon- Hull, 1735, Svo. 4. Hist, of Eng. and Rome, 1741, 2 vols. 12mo. 5. Hist, of the great Eastern Window of St. Peter's Cathedral, 1762, Svo. 6. Life of St. Robert of Knares- borough, Ac, 12mo. 7. Job, a Poem. 8. Autobiography, 1S32, Svo. Other works. " His autobiography is .ts characteristic as John Bunton's, and, like it. contains much information relating to the statt*of the prt-ss in his days, and the trade of literature." — Soidhey'.'i Doctor, q. v. Gent, Thomas. Poetic Sketches, 1806, ^07, '11. Gentil. Solitary or Carthusian Gardener; being Dia- logues between a Gentleman and Gardener, 1706, Svo. GentiHs, Albcricus, LL.D., 1550-1611, an Italian lawyer, was in 1587 appointed by Queen Elizabeth Prof, of Civil Law at 0.\,furd, where he lectured fur twenty-four years. He pub. De Jure Belli, and some other works in Latin. See Athen. Oxou. Gentilis, Robert, 1590-1654, son of the preceding, trans. Servita's Hist, of the Inquisition, and some other works, into English. See Athen. Oxon. Gentleman, Francis, 1728-1784, a soldier, actor, and author. 1. Characters; an Epistle, Lon., 1766, 4to. 2. Royal Fables, 1766, Svo. "Poetical productions of very considerable merit." 3. Dramatic Censor, 1770, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Ed. of Shak- speare's Plays, pub. by Bell, 1774—75. '■The worst edition that ever appeared of any English author." — Biog. Dramat. This is saying a great deal. Gentleman, Robert. 1. Scholar's Companion, 1788, 12mo. 2. Addresses to Youth, Lon.. 1792, ]2mo. Gentleman, Tobias. 1. The Best Way to make England the most Wealthy Kingdom of Europe, by ad- vancing the Fishing Trade, Lon., ful. 2. England's Way to Win Wealth and to employ Ships and Mariners, 1614, 4to. Geotfrey de Vinsauf, ?e»7). Richard I., is supposed by some to have written several works, but we can only attribute to him with certainty a metrical Latin treatise on the art of poetry, which bears the name of Nova Poe- taria. For edits., and an account and specimens of this treatise, see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. There are many MSS. of it extant. " It is, however, a heavy, tiresome poem, and is only interesting as being the key to the general style of the Latin poetical wiiters of the thirteenth century which was formed on the rules given in this work." — ITbi siipi-a. Geoffrey Gaimar, a distinguished trouverc of the reign of Stephen, was the first who pub. an Anglo-Norman version of the History of the British Kings by Geoffrey of Monmouth. See the Ancient romance of Havelok the Dane, &c., with an Introduc, &o., by Fred. Madden, Esq.: printed for the Roxburghe Club, Lon., 1828, 4to; the por- tion of Gaimar which relates to the story of Havelok ; Chroniques Anglo-Normandie, Rouen, 1835, Svo ; CoUec. of Historians, ed. by order of the Record Commission, vol. i. pp. 764-829; the portion of the history previous to the Conquest, with the concluding lines of tbe poem, in which the author speaks of himself and his undertaking; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Geoffrey, or Stephen, Dean of Llandaff, flourished 1120, wrote a Life of the Welsh saint Telivaus or Teilo, and is said to have composed the Register of the Church of Llandaff, pub. by the Rev. W. J, Rees, for the Welsh MSS. Society. Llandovery, 1840, Svo. See Wharton's Angl. S:ic., ii. 663, Lon.. 1691, fol. Geoffrey of Monmouth, d. 1154, Archdeacon of Monmouth, was made Bishop of St. Asaph in 1152, but afterwards returned to the monastery of Abingdon, where he was abbot. He wrote a Latin version of the prophecies, Ac. of Merlin, Chronicon sive Historia Britunum, (written about 113S?} ; and some other works are ascribed to him. His History became very popular, and there are few works of which so many MSS. are extant. Edits, in Latin, Paris, 1508, 4to; 1517, 4to ; Heidelb., 1587, fob, (in Kerum Bri- tan.,) &c. For a particular account of edits, of this work and its author, we refer to Thompson's Pref. to his tran^.j Bale, Pits, and Tanner; Bp. Nicolson's Eng, Hist. Lib.; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry ; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Aaron Thompson's trans, into English was pub. Lou., 1718, Svo. New ed., by J. A. Giles, LL.D., 1S42, Svo. " It is imposMble to consider Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of tbe British Kings in any other ii;;ht than as a tisi^ue of titt>les. Its author was either deceived by his materials, or he wished to deceive his readers/' — Biog. Brit. Lit. Both Shakspeare and Milton have drawn from old Geoffrey's Chronicle. Of the Life and Prophecies of Mer- lin, forty-two copies were printed for the Roxburghe Club in 1S.30, 4to. Geotthegan, Edwartl. Med. treatises, 1801-10. Georgje, Anita, Mrs., a native of Cuba, who catne to the U. Suites in 1S48, and whilst in Boston completed Memoirs of the Queens of Spain, with Notes by Miss Pardoe, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. Svo. Severely condemned in the London Athenteum, 1850, 91S-19, 1375-76. '■It is unfortunate, however, for the present writer that this portion of Spanish history should have been .so ably and so com- pletely gone over by an historian of such high standinj? as Mr. Prescott — and we can easily believe the hesitation and anxiety which the writer modestly tells us she felt in entering on this part of her task. . . . We regret that Mrs. George should so re- peatedly throw out insinuations as to the integrity of Isabella's motives, both in her war against the Moor, and in the severer measures adopted by her against the Jews. Mr. Prescott, who cert'iinly has had access to every document which could throw light on her character, expressly maintains ' the unsuspected in- tegrity of her motives.' " — Wn supra. George, John. 1. Offence of Libel. Lon., 1812, Svo. " Too much praise cannot be given to him for the liberality of the principles which pervade it." — Etiiii. Jiev., Oct. 1813. 2. Law rel. to Joint Stock Companies, 2d ed., 1825, Svo. 3. Cause of Dry Rot Discovered, Svo. "One of the most valuable of modern improvements." — Lon. Giirdener's M\ig.. April. IS'J't. George, \Vm., D.D. Serms., 1732, '49. Georgeson, Sir P. Defence of Pari. In Latin. Trans. by S. Rand, Lon.. 1692, 4to. Gerahty, James. Letter to Lord Cottenham, 1845. Gcrality, James. See (tkrathy. Gerard, Alexander, D.D., 1728-1795, a divine of the Ch. of Scotland; Prof, of Philos. in Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, 1750; of Divinity, 1760; of Divinity in King's Coll., Aberdeen, 1771. 1. Essay on Taste, Lon., 1759, Svo ; Edin., 1764, 12mo; 17S0, Svo. 2. Serms., 1759-61. 3. Dissertations, 1766, '67, Svo. 4. Essay on CJenius, 1767, '74, Svo. 5. Serms., 1776-78. 6. 19 Serms., Lon., 17S0- 82, 2 vols. Svo. '• Ilis Sermons were simple and plain, adapted to the common class of hearers, but so accurate as to secure the approbation of the ablest judges."— Chalmers. 7. Pastoral Care, ed. by Gilbert Gerard, 1799, Svo. "In this highly meritorious work the able author has reudered that service to the Church of Scotland which our own had pre- viously derived from that of Bp. Burnet." — Lowndes's Bi-it. Lib. 8. Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, by Alex. Gerard, D.D., and Gilbert Gerard, D.D., 1828, Svo. See Encyc. Brit. Gerard, Capt, Alexander. 1. Account of Koona- wur in the Himalaya, ed. by G. Lloyd, Lon., 1841. Svo. " If the adventures through which Captain Gerard passed had been in the hands of some of our book-maker.s, what three-tomed ad-captandum exploits they would have carved out of them! What penciilings Willis would have made from Captain Gerard's expe- riences!'' — L'rii. Atlas, Nov. 13. 1841. 2. Capt. A. Gerard and Major Sir Wm. Lloyd's Tours in the Himalaya, 1846, 2 vols, in 1, Svo. " Of the three tours, the two by the enterprising brothers Gerard Were purely scientific in their oljects. . . . Major Sir W. Lloyd's contribution is in the foi-m of a journal ; and is the most popular portion of the work.'* — Lon. Sprctat/rr. '* A more valuable and engaging work we would strive in vain at this moment to name among the recent mass of new books." — Li>n. Mimtfili/ Bev. Gerard, Gilbert, D.D., d. 1815, Prof, of Greek, and subsequently of Divinity, in King's Coll., Aberdeen, was a son of Dr. Ale.xander Gerard. 1. Serm., Lon., 1797, Svo. 2. Institutes of Biblical Criticism, Lon., 1806, Svo; Edin., 1808, Svo. 659 GER GIB " Of general and elemmtary treatises there is none which is more to be recomuiended, either for perspicuity or correctness, than the Institutes of Biblical Criticism, by Dr. Gerard." — Bishop Marsh. " No one can deny the merit of accurate learnini; and judicious arrangement to this work; but it certainly is one of the driest and most uninteresting books ever written on the Bible.'' — Onus's BihI. Bib. See GERAnn. Alexander, D.D. Gerard, Jame^, M.D. 1. Con. to Med. Com., 17S5. 2. Con. to Mem. Me-l., 1795. Gerard, ur Gerrard, Wm. The Seaman's Preceptor, 1SII3. 8vo. Gerarde, John, 1545-1607 ? a surgeon and herbalist 1. Catalogus Arburium. &c., Lon., 159fi, 4to; 1599, fol. Very rare. 2. The Herbal; or, General Hist, of Plant?, 1597, fol. By Dr. Thomas Johnson, 1633, '36, fol.; 1744, 8vo. " From its being well timed, from its comprehending almost the whole of the subjects then known, by being written in English, and ornamented with a more numerous set of figures than hud ever accompanied any work of the kind in this kingdom, it ob- tained great repute. "—PULTEiMEY. See PAnKiNSON, John. " A book in whi-h the botanical student will find much amuse- ment, and an excellence of description rare even in modern works." — Di'. J. Johnston's Benmck Flora. '• It is not now esteemed at all by botanists, at least in the first edHnn.'^—Hiitlam'a Lit, Hist, of Europe. See Sir James Ethvard Smith's English Flora. He often quotes and commends it. Gerardot, Rev. J. French Grammar, Ac, 1S15. Gerat,Capt. liarry. Military Discipline. In Irish, with figures, Brtixelles, 1634, fol. Gerathy, or Gerahty, James. 1. State of Ireland, Lon., 1799, Svo. 2. The Union, 1799, Svo. Gerbicr, Sir Balthazar, 1591-1667, an artist, a na- tive of Antwerp, emigrated to England, where he resided at the time of his death. He pub. some treatises on For- tifications, Building, &c., 1649-65. See Lowndes's Bihl. Man.; AValpole's Anecdotes of Painting ; Pilkingtou's DicLj Lysons's Environs. Gerbier, Charles. 1. Astrologo-Mnstrix, Lon., 1646, 4to. 2. The Praise of Worthy Women. 1651, 12nio. Gerbier, George D'Ouvilly. The False Favourite disgraced, Ac; a Trngi-Ci>m., Lon., 1657, 12ino. Gere, Wm. Reformation of (he Law. 1659, 4t.o. Geree, John, 1*100-1649, a Puritan divine, minister of St. Alban's, 1645, of St. Faith's, London. 1649, pub. Vindicite Ecclesia^ Anglieanae, 1644, 4to, some serms., &c. Geree, John. Serm., Lon., 1706, 4to. Geree, Stephen, brother of the first-named John, and also a Puritan divine, pub. a Serm., Lun.. 1639, Svo, !iud The Doctrines of the Antinomians confuted; an an- swer tn Dr. Crisp, Lon., 1644, 4to. Gerhard, Benjamin, a lawyer of Phila. Williams (Joshua) on Personal Pmperty. Second Amer. from the Eng. ed. of 1852. CarefuUv and thoroughly annotated, by B. G.. Phila., 1854, Svo. See Williams, Joshua. Gerhard, W. \V., M.D., b. 1S09, in Philadeli)hia. Lec- turer on Clinical Med. in the Univ. of Penna., V>rother of the preceding. 1. Clinical Onide, Phila., Svo. 2. Lect. on the Diagnosis. Pathology, and Treatment of the Diseases of the Chest. 1S42, Svo; new ed., 1854, Svo. "This is the best refutation of the charges which are constantly made against physical exploration in medicine, by those who ap- pear to imagine that science can never advance beyond the point at which they ceased to learn." — Amer. Jour, of Med. Sci. Edited Graves's System of Clinical Medicine, with Notes and Additions, Phila., Svo. lie has also contributed many articles to the Amer. Jour. Medical Sciences, Medical Exa- miner, Ac. Gerlaud, flourished 10S2, the earliest known writer in England in mathematical science after the Norman Con- quest, composed a treatise on the Computus, beginning with 11S2, and a treatise on the Abacus. The first will be found in the British Museum, and the latter in the Bibliotheque Royale at Paris ; both in MS. "The author appears to be learned in his subject, and avows that his desitrn in compiling this work [on the Computus] was to correct and clear up the ennrs and doutitsof his predecessors, espe- cially of Bede."— irr/f/Zj/'.s- Bi>;/. Brit. Lit. Gerrald, or Gerald, Joseph. Political tracts, 1793, 94, Svo. Gerrans, B. Travels of Rabbi Benjamin through Europe, Asia, and Africa, Lon., 1783, 12mo. These travels were performed during the J 2th century. Gerrard, Miss, d. 1807, pub. a vol. of miscellanies in prose and verse. Gerrard, John. Poems, Lon., 1770, 4to. Gerrard, Rev. John. The Roman Sigallarium.Lon., 1792, 4to. In English and Latin. This valuable treatise, 660 a great assistance to those engaged in the study of Roman antiquities, was reprinted in Facciolati's Lexicon. Gerrard, Philip. A Godly Invective, Lon., 1547, '59, Svo. He advocates "free passage" for the Bible. Gerry, Elbridgje, 1744-1814, a native of Marblehead, Mass., Governor of Mass., 1810, Vice-Prest. U. States, 1813, pub. some political papers. See James T. Austin's Memoira of his Life, Boston, 1828, Svo; — reviewed by Edward Eve- rett, in N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 37 j — Goodrich's Lives; Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. 469. Gersaint, E. F. Etchings of Rembrandt, 1752. Gervase, a monk of the priory of Christ Church, Can- terbury, temp. Richard I., wrote Tractatus de Combustione et reparatione Dorobornensia ecclesiie, (in Eng. ed. by A. J. Dunkin, Lon., 1S45, Svo;) another tract; a history of the Archbishops of Canterbury ; and a Chronicle of the reigns of Stephen. Henry II., and Richard I. These will be found in Twysden's Hist. Anglican. Seriptores Decem, 1652. ful.; ct eminent of modern historians, was de- scended from an ancient family of Kent. His grandfather, Edward Gibbon, was one of the Commissioners of Customs during the last fVuir years of Queen Anne; and his father, also Edward (xibbon, sat in Parliament in 1 734 for Peters- field, and in 1741 for Southampton. The subject of this notice, born at Putney, in Surrey, — the eldest of five bro- thers and a sister, all of whom died in their infancy, — was admitted at Westminster school in 1749, and, three years later, in 1752, was matriculated as a gentleman-commoner of Magdalen College, Oxford. Not having received that preparatory training which could alone have qualified him for deriving much advantage from his collegiate cour.'^e, we need not marvel that the fourteen months which he spent at this famous seat of learning were '* idle and un- profitable." He tells us. indeed, that he brought to Ox- ford "a stock of erudition that might have puzzled a doctor, and a degree of ignorance of which a schoolboy would have been ashamed;" but the latter statement will be accepted with more readiness than the former. At the early age of sixteen he was led, by the perusal of the works of Bossuet and Parsons, to entertain doubts of the soundness of the principles of the Reformation, and in 1753 we find him solemnly abjuring these errors at the feet of a Roman Catholic priest in London. His father, anxious both for his mental improvement and spiritual benefit, sent him to Lausanne, in Switzerhind, charging his instructor, the Rev. Mr. Pavilliard, a Calvinist minis- ter, to persuade him, if possible, of the unsoundness of the tenets which he had so lately embraced. Young Gib- bon was not impregnoble, and on Christmas day, 1754, only eighteen months aft«r his conversion to Romanism, after "a full conviction," he received the sacrament in the church at Lausanne. Having now none of the temptations to gay company which had robbed him of many of his college hours, he applied himself to study with a praiseworthy anxiety to store his mind with useful knowledge, and speedily ac- quired a creditable acquaintance with the Greek, Latin, and French languages, Jurisprudence, and Relles-Lettres. His hours of application were relieved by the society of a young lady of great beauty and many accomplishments. Made- moiselle Susan Curchod, to whom the attentions of the English student were not disagreeable. But the father of the object of his affections discouraging a m.atrimonial alliance, the young people bore their disappointment in a most philosophical manner. Gibbon tells us that his wound was insensibly healed by time, and that the lady was not unhappy: he returned to the classics, and Mile. Curchod became the wife of the celeljrated Mr. Necker, and the mother of Mme. de Stael. Rut the youthful lover did not seek consolation in the marriage state; he lived and died a bachelor. " Since the failure of my first wishes," he remarks, when over fifty. *' I have never entertained any serious thoughts of a matrimonial connection." In 1758 he returned to England, after an absence of nearly five years, and, through his acquaintance with David Mallett, gained admittance into a class of society which enabled him to display his own acquirements, and gather that general knowledge of current English literature in which he felt himself to be not so well versed as in more abstruse researches. Finding that Swift, Addison, Ro- bertson, and Hume, were praised for various graces of style, or strength and perspicuity of diction, he read them with great care, and ardently longed to gain some measure of that distinction which had rewarded their efforts to in- struct or please the world. In 1761 Gibbon confided to Dr. Maty the secret that he had in a matured state an E.^^sai sur I'etude de la Litt^ra- tnre. composed in French, and requested his opinion of its merits. His counsellor urged its publication, and when the young author hesitated to trust himself into the hands of critics, his father, ever anxious for his advancement, insisted upon its being given to the world. Accordingly, it made its appearance in 176i, in a 12mo vol. The foreign critics commended it, but at home it was scarcely noticed, and made no impression at all upon the public mind. Some years later it was sought for with avidity : "ITiepublicatlonofroy History, fifteen years afterwards, revived the memory of my first production, and the Essay was eagerly sought for in the .^hnps; but I refused the permission of repiint- ini; it. and when a copy has been discovered at a sale, the primi- tive value of 2s. Gd. has risen to the fanciful price of 20 or 30 shillintTs." — Autnhingraphy. About the time of the publication of this Essay he was appointed Captain of the South battalion of the Hampshire militia, and for two years and a half endured "a wander- ing life of military servitude." He discharged his duties with zeal and fidelity, but was not sorry to return to the ease of civil life, upon the disbanding of his regiment on the restoration of peace in 17(t2-(i3. At a later period he resumed his military duties, and attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and commandant of his regiment. In 1763 he again visited the continent, furnished with letters to persons of distinction in France from Horace Wuljiole, the Duke de Nivernois, Lady Hervey, and David Mallett. In Paris he was pleased to find that his Essay had made his name familiar to the leaders of fashion and letters, and he soon mingled on easy terms with D'AIembert, Diderot, Helvetius. Count de Caylus. the Abbe de Bleterie, Bar- thelemy, Raynal, Arnaud, and others of more or less note. Those who appear surprised at the deep-seated infidelity and easy effrontery iu indecency which are so painfully manifest in the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, lay too little stress on the fact that a moral ruin in the better nature of the author had preceded the political decadence which he has so eloquently described. We have here, of course, no reference to habits of life or the eco- nomy of social duties. We go further: we speak of the "heart, out of which are the issues of life," and we affirm that, when the desire of the approbation and fear of the judgments of God have been banished, then the glory has departed from the temple, and the palace, however beauti- ful, can claim but the chilling grandeur of the tomb. In May, 1763, Gibbon revisited Lausanne, where he had resided for nearly a year, and in 1764 we find him, with all that devotion which he had once cherished for Chris- tianity transferred to the worship of classical antiquity, a pilgrim at the gates of the Eternal City. He had long anxiously revolved in his mind many pro- minent eras in the history of the world, in the hope of ac- quiring by their happy treatment that fame which Robert- son and Hume considered as an ample reward for their " days and nights" of patient research and wearisome toil. The mind of Gibbon was therefore in a state peculiarly alive to the influence of strong emotion, and this visit to Rome decided the theme which should carry his name to posterity, gathering in its progress, we may add, the mingled admiration and reproach of successive generations to the end of time. That biographer will do the historian injustice who shall relate for him what he has so eloquently told himself — the inception and completion of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. '• It was at Rome," he tells us, " on the 15th of October, 1764. as I sat musing amidst the ruins of the Capitol, while the bare-footed friars were siujiinfi vespers in the temple of Jupiter, that the idea of writing!; the decline and fall of the city first started to my mind. But my orifiiual plan was circumscribed to the decay of the city rather than of the empire: and, thout;h my readiotr and reflectiong be..:an to point towards that object, sume years elapsed, and sev&. ral avocations intervened, before I was seriously engaged in the execution of that laborious work." — AutobiograpUy. In 1767, Mr. Deyverdun, a Swiss gentleman, then in England, to whom Gibbon was warmly attached, united with him in the publication of a literary Journal, entitled Memoircs Litterairesdela Grande Brt^tagne, of which only two vols, appeared, (1767-68.) "It is not my wish to deny how deeply I was interested in theso Memniis. of which I need nut be ashamed. ... I will presume to say that then- merit was superior to their repuUttion ; but it is 661 GIB GIB not less true that they were productions of more reputation than eninlument.." — Aufohiiigraphy. We may remark that the version of part of Anstey's New Bath Guitle, in the Memoirs, has been dechired equal to the celebrated Towneley Hudibras : the Review of Wal- pole's Historic Doubts was written by David Hume. These two (l2njo) vols, are now rare. Hanrott's copy sold for £6 16s. 6d. Gibbon's next publication — an anonymous one, in 1770 — was Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of the ^neid. This was an attack upon Bishop Warburtou's celebrated hypothesis in the Divine Lejjation of Muses, respecting the descent of ^neas to hell. ''According to Ci.shnp Warburton the descent to hell is not a felsebutamimic scene; which represt-nfs the initiation of JEneas. in the character of a lawfriver. tfl the Eleusinian mysteries. This hypothesis, a sinpiular character in the divine location of Moses, had been admitted by many as true; it was praistd by all as inge- nious, nor had it been exposed, in a space of thirty years, to a fair and critical discussion. ... As the Bishop of Gloucester and his party maintained discreet silence, my ciitical disijuisition was soon lost among the pamphlrts of the day ; but the public coldness was overbalanced to m> frelin;^s by the weighty approbation of the last and best editor of 'Mr;:il. I'rofi-ssor Ileyne. of Gottingen ; who ac- quiesces in my confutation, and styles the unknown author 'doc- tus . . . et elegantissimus Britannus.' ... In the fifteen years between my Essay on the Study of Literature and the first volume of the Decline and Fall. (1761-1776.) this criticism on Warburton, and some articles in the journal, were my sole publications." — Aut/^biography. From the year 1768, Gibbon devoted himself with zealous industry to the preparation of his great work, " the labour of six quartos and twenty years," and in 1776 gave the first volume to the world. Its success was immediate and complete. '■• 1 am at a loss how to describe the success of the work, without betraying the vanity of the writer. The first impression was ex- hausted in a few days; a second and third edition were scarcely adequate to the demand; and the bookseller's property was twice invaded by the pirates "^f Dublin. My book was upon every table, and almost on every toilette; the histoiian was crowned by the taste or fashion of the day." But though the " historian" was warmly and justly com- mended, the assailant of Christianity did not escape strong and deserved rebuko. A list of the principal strictures elicited by the famous 15th and 16th chapters will be found in Chalmers's Biog. Diet., to which we refer the reader. Some of these works we have already had occasion to no- tice, and others will come under our consideration in future portions of this volume. Among those pnrticulnrly noticed by Gibbon in his Autobiography are those of Davis, Wat- son, Apthorpe, Taylor, Priestley, Dalrymple, and White. Bishop Watson's work — An Apology for Christianity, in a Series of Letters to Edward Gibbon — is now the best-known of these vindications. It is not at all necessary that we should enlarge upon a theme which has received such am- ple consideration from so many who are well qualified to judge in the premises. That Gibbon was successful in de- ceiving even himself by his sophistry we do not at all believe: and that any candid inquirer can attach much weight to objections so specious it is still more difficult to credit. The aversion with which the mind of the historian contemplated the subject of Christianity can be no marvel when we remember the impenitent remorse which must have mingled with his assumption of philosophical skepti- cism. That he strove to be an infidel we have ample evi- dence ; that he ever rested satisfied in the exchange which he had made for the faith of his early days we cannot concede. He speaks of Christianity as we may imagine the ingrate to speak of that friend whose kindness he had rewarded by an attempt to ruin his peace, betray his con- fidence, and blast his reputation. To use the admirable languiige of Mr. Milraan, '■Christianity alone receives no embellishment from the magic ofUibbous language; his imagination is dead to its moral dignity; it is kept down by a general tone of jealous disparagement, or neu- tralised by a painfully elaborate exposition of its darker and de- generate periods. There are occasions, indeed, when its pure and exalted humanity, when its manifestly beneficial infiuence, can compel even him, as it were, to fairness, and kindle his unguarded eloijuence to its usual fervour; but in general he soon relapses into a frigid apathy; affectsan ostentatiously severe impartiality; notes all the faults of Christians in every age with hitter and almost malignant sarcasm; reluctantly, and with exception and reserva- tion, admits their claim to admiration. . . . The glories of Chris- tianity, iu short, touch on no cord in the heai-t of the writer; his imagination remains unkindled; his words, though they maintj»in their stately and measured march, have become cool, argumenta- tive, and inanimate."' In 1774 Mr. Gibbon entered the House of Commons, in which he sat for eight years a silent supporter of Lord North's administration. His claims were not overlooked, and a seat at the Board of Trade, with an income of £700 to £800, which he enjoyed for three years, was an agreeable addition to the revenue derived from his paternal acres. In 1781 appeared the 2d and 3d vols, of the Decline and Fall. Tlie author complains of " the coldness and even prejudice of tlie town," but we are assured by contempo- raneous authority that they were received with "eager- ness and approbation." In September, 1783, the historian put into execution a plan lung cherished and ardently anticipated, — a permanent establishment at Lausanne. ■■ Fnini my early acquaintance with Lausanne. I had always cheri^lied a secret wish that the school of my youth might become the retreat of my declining age. A moderate fortune would secure the blessings of ease, leisure, and independence: the country, the people, the manners, the language, were congenial to my taste; and I miiiht indulge the hope of passing some years in the do- mestic society of a friend. After travelling with several English, Sir. Deyverdun was now settled at home, iu a pleasant habitation, the gilt of his deceased aunt: we had long been separated, we had long been silent; yet in my first letter I exposed, with the most perfect confidence, my situation, my sentiments, and my designs. His immediate answer was a warm and joyful acceptance : the picture of our future life provoked my impatience; and the terms of arrangement were short and simple, us he possessed the pi"0- perty, and I undertook the expense of our common house." — Aulobi'igraphy. In this delightful retreat, the charms of which the recluse has drawn with so exquisite a pencil, tbeconcluding chapters of the Decline and Fall moved rapidly on to completion, and, iu 1787, vols, iv., v., and vi., were ready for the press. Bearing in remembrance what we have remarked in a preceding page, we give the account of the author's feelings on concluding a work so grand, so truly great, in his own language : '■ It w.as on the day. or rather night, of the 27th of .Tune, 1787, between the hours of eleven and twelve.th.it I wrote the last lines of the last page, in a summer-house in my garden. After Laying down my pen. I took several turns in a berceau, or covered walk of acacias, which commands a prospect of the country, the lake, and the mountains. The air was temperate, the sky was serene, the silver orb of the moon was reflected from the waters, and all nature was silent. I will not dissemble the first emotions of joy on the recovery of my freedom, and, perhaps, the establish- ment of my fame. But my pride was soon humbled, and a sober melancholy was spread over my mind, by the idea that I had t.iken an everlasting leave of an old and agreeable companion, and that whatsoever might be the future date of my history, the life of the historian must be short and precarious." Alas for that prospect which is bounded by the tomb! Had the hope of the Christian animated the breast of the scholar, the anticipation of a "life short and precarious," instead of being a cause of grief, would have been produc- tive of joy. But the thought of the Morning of the Resur- rection, if at all entertaiued by the skeptic, could have been a source of nothing but horror, surely not of desire. Thus did not Boerhnave, thus did not Grotius, nor New- ton, nor Burke, regard the coming on of '' that night when no man can work." The historian proceeds to remark : '' 1 will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in the com- position of six, or even of five, quartos. 1. My first rou-h manu- script, without any intermediate copy,has been sent to the press. 2. Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes excepting those of the author and the printer; the faults and the merits are ex- clusively my own." — Antfibiiigmphy. Gibbon now visited England, to superintend the publica- tion of the conclusion of his work, for which he received a large sum from the publisher, Mr. Cadell. When the sheets were all printed, the day of publication was de- layed, that it might coincide with the author's fifty-first anniversary of his birthday : "The double festival was celebrated by a cheerful literary din- ner at Mr. Cadell's house; and I seemed to blush while they read an elegant compliment from Mr. Ilayley, whose poetical talents had more than once been employed iu the praises of his frieud." The sale of the last vols, was rapid; and, to supply the demand, an edition of the whole work, in 12 vols. Svo, was pub., 1788-90. Gibbon's profit on the whole is stated to have been £6000. whilst the booksellers netted the hand- some sum of £611,000. Mr. Gibbon returned to Lausanne, July 30, 1788, and in about a year from this time met with an irreparable los3 in the death of his friend Deyverdun. He was now thrown more upon his own resources for amusement, and occupied himself in writing his own Memoirs, — to which we have been largely indebted in this sketch. — projecting a series of biographical portraits of eminent Englishmen from the time of Henry VIII., (never prepared,) and some other literary labours. The events which followed the first excesses of the French Revolution threatened the peace of Switzerland, and the blast of war startled the recluse in his library. With reluctant steps he left the charming retreat, endeared to him alike by the remembrances of boyhood and the tranquil satisfactions of mature years, and bent his way to the great metropolis of his native land. He arrived at London in June, 1793, spent some time in the city with his friend Lord Sheffield, and subsequently accompanied GIB him to Sheffield Place, where they passed the summer. In October he paid a visit to Mrs. Gibbon, the widow of his father, and to Lord Spencer at Althorp, and then returned to London, whore he expired, after a few hours' illness, January 15, 179i, from the effects of a rupture (resulting in hydrocele) of more than thirty years' standing. " The valH-tk-cliamln-e observed, that Mr. Gibbon did not, at any time, shew the le;tst sign of alarm, or apprehensiou of death; and it does not appear that he ever thought himself in danger, unless his desire to speait to Jlr. Darrei! may be considered in that light."— i-vrd SfuJJidd's ikmoirs. Uis lordship informs us that, " twenty hours before his death, Mr. Gibbon happened to fall into a conversation not uncommon with him on the probable duration of his life. He said that he thought himself good for ten, twelve, or perhaps twenty years." In 1799, Lord Sheffield, for many years his attached friend, pub. The Miscellaneous Works of Edward Giljbon, Esq., with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, composed by himself: illustrated from his Letters, with occasional Notes and Narrative, 2 vols. 4to. A 3d vol. was added in 1S15; and a new ed. of the whole, with addits., in 5 vols. 8vo, was issued in the same year; also pub. in r. 8vo. New ed., in one large 8vo vol., pp. 84S, 1837. The Antiquities of the House of Brunswick was printed (privately) sepa- rately in 1814. The forty-fourth chapter of the Decline and Fall, under the title of A Survey of the Civil Law, Ac., has been printed separately several times at home and abroad. There are several French edits., one corrected and en- larged by Professor Warnkoi/nig, Liege, 1821, 8vo. See also A Survey of the Civil Law, with Notes by Professor Hugo; trans, from the German by W.Gardiner, Edin., 1824, 12mo. The value of this Survey it would be diffi- cult to exaggerate. " Perhaps the most masterly and elaborate account of the Civil Law whifh is extant is to he found in the forty-fourth chapter of Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the lloman Kmpire. Lord Mansfield characterised it as ' beautiful and spirited.' " — Warnn's Law Slu- dits. '' We have no hesitation in strongly recommending this chapter to the attentive perusal of the student, as containing a succinct and masterly historical view of the Roman Law. As a summary it certainly stands unrivalled, and as a mere outline ouly is it to be read. . . . This chapter, for what it professes to he, is luminous, learned, succinct, and satisfactory. " But the high estimation in which Mr. Gibbon's outline is held on the continent, where the lloman Law has for so many centu- ries been thoroughly studied, and elaborately written on. will be regarded as strong evidence of its high merit." — llroceed to quote. We confess to so ardent an admiration of this truly great author, that it is with p.ain we are obliged to advert to his grave errors, for which genius, however exalted, learning, however profound, and diction, however splen- did, can make no adequate atonement. Not for the genius of Homer, the wealth of the Indies, nor " all the learning 6«3 GIB of tbo Egyptinns," would we be willing to write one line calculated to disturb tbe faith of the humblest Christian in that^.nspired record which '• hath God for its Author, Iruth lor Its substance, and Salvation for its end '" In a world of trial, sorrow, and temptation, let no impious hand presume to assail that Ark of Refuge and Consola- tion which Divine mercy has provided for the guilt and misery ot humanity. We conclude our notice of this distinguished writer With some quotations from eminent authorities : h.,'i «f;'^"''i'"/'''^'/''"''''' P*-™'=>b "hich allowed 1.10 to feel nothinR but the Interest of a narrative always animat.d. and, notwhh- liJtii'f "! e'"™' "Id 'he vaiiety of ol.jects which it makes to pass nelore the view, always perspicuous, I entered upon a minute examination of the details of which it was composed, and the opinion which I then formed was. I confess, sin-ulaily severe I aiscoTored. in certain chapters, errors which appeared to me suffi- ciently important and numerous to make me believe that they hid been written with extreme ne-liience; in others, I was struck with a certain tinge of |arti,,lity „nd prejudice, which imparted to the exposition of the f„ts ll.at waut of truth and justice which the Iinftlish express by Iheir happy term misrepraentalnj,,. Some ^Km^^* J'™''"^^r* quotations, some passages omitted uninten- tionally or desijrnedly have cast suspicion on the houeslv (bonne foij of the author: and his violation of tbe first law of historv- inS",^ S^' Ivf ^^ the prolonged attention with which I oc- cupied myself with every phrase, every note, every rellectioii- caused me.toform on the wholes judgment far too rigorous A ler having finished my labours, I allowed some time to elap"e l^f, re I reviewed the whole. A second attentive and re^-ular n-ru ", of «J1;?. /,K ■ ""'" *° "ibjoin. showed me how much I had ex- aggerated the importance of the reproaches which Gibbon re.illv deserved. I was struck with the same errors, the same p° tial y ti^/'.o A" '■'"'•"''"''•■ "■" ' "••'<» '■"^ far from doing adCluate jus tice to the imnicusify of his researches, the variety of h s knn"v- juft'essTdVtmm ;;';■■'£ '"f "■?!.^ philosophical -di-scrhui nation Ehti, ,: '^'"'-11''"*'* O"' P'"-h"t itself to he blinded by the clouds which t me gathers around the dead, and which prevents us from seeing that under the toga as under the mode™ Sressn the senate .as in our councils, men were what they slih .are and that Z-s'' iThen^'n: ?;,="-■■ -"'uries ago as th(v take pla" fn'ou aajs. 1 then felt that his book, in sp te of its faults will alw-ivs be a noble work ; and that we may correct his en rs a" d combi? b ne''d1"wr,%';l'J'r' --'■>^'.'' »<"-" 'bat few men ha^e com- fcVr V" "' '■'':"-''^P»''»eSs ofluiowt ge,and we'?an ral s orth'''T "'"'i w""^ ""■°"''''' ^'"^ instrumeiality7he r° suits ot the learned labours of the irre.at collc-lnrc „f „ . ■ , As bcblosser has introduced the name of Lord Brougham m h,s review of the characteristics of Gibbon, it wifl no be m.appropr,ate to quote some comments of the former upon tlie style of the great historian of the Ro nan E mphe "He will not condescend to be plain- be for-ets Vw Vi '^ mmiiBmsm darkness it.self. The main fault nf hi ,"1"^ .""'nteresting as self a'^h!'?'"''''' "/ !"■■• ^'■'''™" '" ""^ connction-him- in?clp:r.'tWeh°t,ZsTand r/,r"?r ■■'^ "'■■""'■^ "■"« -"«''° uncertai'n of pSli"°fav™r''Aud h deed" hi:'",' 'i"'" ""^ ""' "^^" ingly commended by tbe nio.st con pete.d , m- ' if 1^', T'""'' popular appl'ause V, b,f; h :n7r„'';,,^'''l 'fh'''','';" ""■'-^ "' day. his increased c,,i,se,,o,., v b,", , .T:^, „ '"'' .'",»»'■!■•"' "' 'be sumed staleliness and , iii . , r ", i "i™ "^''''» '" ""■ »''■ after this period, wlunev" V e Vn i ; i. o m"!'"";- ","1 "'"' GIB It will now be interesting to see what was the author's own opinion of the comparative merits of his different Toluines : -The style of the first volume, in my opinion, is somewhat crude and elaborate; in the .second and thiid it is ripened intoease cor rectness and numbers; but in the three last I m.Hv have been seduced by the fiicility of my pen. and the constant h.diit of spe!ak mg one language and writing another may have infused some mi.xture ol Ualhc idioms."-.4„to(,!«<,r„;,/,y mmsea some The tribute of the historian of Modern Europe to his great predecessor is truly eloquent : " (iilibon, the architect of a bridge over the dark gulf which sena- rales ancient from modern times, who.se vivid genius has tinTd wuh^brilliant colours the greatest historical wol^k'lL exSSn ".^•- <5nftJ"'■^^?•T"■''"'u •''?'" ^^^ ''''''= "'"I'-e ol Professor omyth IS all lor which we can find space • thanhisw'l h" "!"' "'"^-v? history, it is oftjn something more than history, and above it; it is pbilo.sopby, it is theology it is suSwitHwEifi' ■ '' '?''""" '.'"' n-""' ^"S'erly upo7e cry suojea witli which literature can be connected. If the stvie bo toVou's tn 1^ :1"'1-'' ''^t°''^'>f'™ «b»™re, to te often mono- tonou.s to he sometimes even ludicrously disproportioned to tho subject. 1 must at the same time be allowed, th.nt whenever an opportunity presents itself, it is the striking and adequate renrS sentation of comprehrn.sive thought and weighty remaX It may be necessary no doubt to warn the student again.st the irnta" on ofa mode ofwriting so little easy and natmal R„i .>,. „ cessity of the cau.i,,,, i„,pH„s ,hi ^It™!" m Itfs tot re^s.^d" unatta nable to tbe immaturity of his own mind, he would alr,;I consent to iidmire. or hope to emulate. . . When such is ?h! work ,t IS placed beyond the justice or the injustfce of Cit dsm g^m"iS !^;^- , t,-n-<7;is^?i =£S ?'siJ»|i;^-^ritsrs-i„£iH so r.are. that the History of tbe Decline and Fall must alwl^s h2 pean,h only with the civilization of the world."_Zec(. on Mod po;«'^"^Jn^iS;^';°[^s';?-->--!^,!s:'S sj^n^rK-"^- :i-hsr™- T.!r;^H£? of Vohair''Th"-' •" "«.'"M^'l "Pini-ns and imp ™Vmocke fs ;sr^xi°-s;er^--:--'^ £gSS sunf and\ThT;"w^nw" %^'l";fy^e"^'tu' h ? ''' '''rr'"".= of a.I,ZZl,t ■" f^/^^""' PO'-x-ber in the Philosophical Essays of n 1 /iwTb 1- '■" *"' ■■'■P'-'"''™'ation of the unsra^al characte? b5SfS^"!SSHSS?i£H i>^;9y^,:!rnn^cC:^;^;^:.:L-^°^r:i-,:r breys Miscellanies, and in ,he Harleian Mis'iell ,ny "" , Gibbon, John, 11129-1719? an ancestor of ibe histo nan, educ.atcd at Jesus Coll., Camb., after lending for ome time a soldier's life in France, the Netherlandf and Vir- ginia, obtained the appointment of Blue Man le by the patronage of Sir Wm. Dugdalc, then Norroy He pub GIB GIB guiii. An English text is perpetually interBpfrspd with Latin senfem-es in prosH and verse; but in his own poetry he^'laiuis ;in exenipiinn from the laws of prosody." — Edward Giiboit^s Aulo- biO:/rn}>hif. Gibbon, Thomas, Account of the Cromwell Family, 177:^. svn. Gibbon, Wni. Serms., 1743, '47, 4to. Gibbons, Christopher, Mus. Doc, son of Orlando Gil'ljons, was nUo a composer of music. Gibbons, D. 1. Lex Temporis. Lon.. IS.SS, 12rao. 2. Law of Fixtures, 18;i0, 12aio. ;i Law nf Dilnpiilations and Nuisances, 1839, '49, Svo. 4. Metrupol. Building Act, 1844. fp. Svo. Gibbons, Kllis, son of Orlando Gibbons, was also a composer of uiusie. Gibbons, Orlando, 15S3-1625, a celebrated composer of music. Madrigals and Mottets for Viols and Voyccs, Lon.. 1G12. This vol. is Tenor. He composed the tunes for George Wither'a trans, of Hymns and Sougs of the Church, and in;iny pieces of music. Gibbons, Uiehard, 1549-16;i2,alcarned Jesuit, born at AViiuhester, jiuli. F. Hilierie Com. in duodecim Pro- phetas miuores, Doway, 1612, and several other works. See Alegambe; Dodd's Ch. Hist. Gibbons, Thomas, D.D., 1720-1785, a Calvinist dis- senting divine, a native of Reak, minister nf the Inde- pendent congregation at Haberdashers' Hnll, London, 1743-85. He pub. many serms., theolog. treatises, poems, memoirs, a collection of hymns. &c., 1743-S7. Among his best-known works are, 1. The Christian Minister; in three Poetical Epistles to Philander, Ac, Lon., 1772, Svo. *'Uere you have a thousand hints respeL-tini; the reading nf the best authors, thi- composing of seriuous, kc." — OdUm Mather. 2. Rhetoric, 1707, Svo. 3. Memoirs of eminently pious Women, 1777, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., enlarged, by Rev. George Jcrment and Rev. Saml. Burder, 1815, 3 vols. Svo. 4. Memoirs of Dr. Isaac Watts, 17S0, Svo. 5. Serms. on Evangel, and Prac. Subjects, 1787. 3 vols. 8vo. " Directed to a practical purpose, and tend to ft-riii the heart to piety and goodness. The style is plain aud properly adapted to the pulpit." — Lon. MimVibj Rev. See Daviks, Rkv. Samuel. Gibbons, Thomas, M.D. Medical Cases nnd Re- marks, Sudbury. 17119, Svo; 2d ed., Lou.. iSdl.Svo. Con. to Ann. of Med.. 1790. Gibbons, Wm. Iron Trade. Ac. Lon., 1785, Svo. Gibbs, Dr. Cures of King's E\il. Lon., 1712, Svo. Gibbs, George. 1. The Judicial Chrcmicle, Camb., 1834, Svo. 2. Memoirs of the Administrations of Wash- ington and John Adams. Edited tVoni the papers of Oliver Wolcott, Secretary of the Treasury, N.York. I S46.2voIs.8vo. '• Of inestimalile value for its authentic materials." — President King. '• Mr. Gibbs [the crandson of Oliver WolcottJ has performed his task extremely well." — North American. Gibbs, Dr. James. 1. Poem, Lon., 1700, foL 2. The first 15 Psalms of David trans, into lyric verse, 1701, 4to. Gibbs, James, 1674?-1754, an eminent architect, a native of Alierdeen. 1. Book of Architecture, Lon., 1728, fol. 2. Rules, Ac. rel. to Architecture. 1732, '38, foL 3. Bibliotheca Radcliviana, 1747. fol. 4. Trans, of Osorio's Latin Hist, of the Portugese, 1752, 2 vols. Svo. Osorius has, from the purity of his language and taste, been called the Cicero of Portugal. Gibbs, John. Serms., 1698. Gibbs, John. English Gothic Architecture, Lon., 1855, imp. 4to. *' Mr. (jiljljs's desiims evince a great amount of professional skill and good taste, and will bear comparison with the best works of a similar nature of Mr. ru'j;in." — Oxfnrd Clir/midc. Gibbs, Josiah Willard, Prof, of Sacred Literature in Yale College since 1.S24. A Helirew nnd Eug. Lexicon to the Old Test., including the Biblical Chaldec. from the German Works of Prof. W. Gesenius, Andover, 1824, r. Svo ; Lon., lS27,8vo; 2d ed., 1832, Svo. Of this excellent work, which may be called a new Hebrew and English Lexicon, an ed. for schools was pub. in Andover, 1828, Svo ; 2d ed., N. Haven, 1832, Svo ; Lon., 1833, Svo. An account of these works will be found in Home's Bibl. Bib., Lon. Evangel. Mag., Ac. Philological Studies, with English Illustrations, N. Haven, 1S37, 12mo. A New Latin Aniilyst. 1859. Gibbs, Philip. Hist. acct. of Compendious and Swift Writing, &<;., Lon., 1736, Svo. "The historical aeoount displays extensive reading, impartial judtjaient, and much ltnowled;j;e of the theory of the art. but the system is siiij^ularly obscure and confused." — Lowndes's Bihl. Man. See Dr. Biichs Ded. to the Life of Aichbishop Tillotson. Gibbs, Philip. Theidog. treatises, 1737-40. Gibbs, Kichard. The new I>iaorders of Love; a Novel, 1687, Svo. Gibbs, Samnel. Common Recoveries, Lon. ,1821, Svo. Gibbs, T. IVI. Trans, into English of M. le Royde Gomberville's Doctrine of Morality, Lon., 1721. fol. Gibbs, Sir Vicary, 1752-1820, Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas, 1813-20. 1. Speech in Defence of T. Hardy, 1795, Svo. 2. Speech in Defence of John Home Tooke, 17115, Svo. Gibbs, W. Handbook of Architectural Ornament, Lon.. 1 851, Svo. Gibbs, Wm. Funl. Serm., 1600, 4to. Giblelt, Paul. Calumnies of G. Horrower, 1815. Gibney, John, M.D. 1. Sea Bathing, 1SI3, Svo, 2. Vapour Bath, Svo. "The work is bntli instructive and amn«:in)2;; and though ob- viously written for the public, is not without its value to the profi?ssion." — Lon. Lancet. Gibson. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1092, 4to. Gibson. Memoirs of Queen Annej being a Supp. to the Hi^t. of her Reign, 1729, Svo. Gibson, Abraham, Serms., 1613, '19, Svo. Gibson, Sir Alexander, of Durie. Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session, 1621-42, Edin., 1690, fob Gibson, Antony. A Woman's Wourth defended against all the Men in the World, proving them to be more perfect, e.xcellent. and absolute in all virtuous Actions than any Man of what Qualitle soever. Written by one that has heard much, seene much, but knowes a great deal more, Lon., 1599. Svo. Antony Gibson was the editor of this work, which is supposed to be a trans, from tlie Cham- pion des Femnies of the Chevalier de I'Escale. The hearty galbmtry of the title is very observable, and his positions perhaps not fur out of the way. Gibson, Art. 1. Club Serms., Lon., 1844, 12rao; 3d ed.. 1854. 2. Serms. on various subjects, 1S53, 12mo. Gibson, Benj. 1. Artificial Pupil of the Eye, Lon., ISU, Svo. 2. Con. to Nich(d. Jour., 1806. Gibson, Edmund, D.D., 1669-1748, a native of Bampton, Westmnreland, entered Queen's Coll.. Oxf., 1686; Rector of Lambeth, 1703; Archdeacon of Surrey, 1710; Bishop of Lincoln. 1715 ; trans, to London, 1723. He waa a learned thetdogian and antiquary, and pub. a number of works, among which are the following: 1. Chronicon Sax- onicum. trans, into Latin with the Saxon original, aud Gibson's Notes, Oxf., 1692, 4to. " Allowed by the Warned to be the best remains extant of Saxon antinuity." 2. Trans, of Camden's Britannia into English, with ad- ditions, 1722, 2 vols, fob; 1753, '72. See Camden, Wil- liam. 3. Reliquiae Spelmanniso, with Life of the author, Ac, 1698, fol. 4. Synodus Anglicana, 1702, Svo. 5. The Holy Sacrament Explained, 1705, Svo. Anon. Often Re- printed. 6. Family Devotion, 1705, Svo. Anon. 7. Codex Juris Ecclesia; Anglican.'e, Lon., 1713, 2 vols, fob; 2d ed., enlarged and corrected, Oxf., 1761, 2 vols. fol. A splendid work from the Clarendon press. " This is by murh the most valuable work we have on this sub ject; it may be proper, however, to read along wiih it a pamphlet said to have been written by Jud^^e Foster, entitled An Examina- tion of the Scheme of Church Power laid down in the Codex .luris Kcclesiastici Anglicani, Third edition, Lon., 1730." — Bishop Watoon. 8. Pastoral Lett, on Infidelity. Lon., 1728, '29, Svo. This was occasiimed by Woolston's Discourses on Miraeles. " An excellent pastoral letter, written, as all his are, with great clearness and strength." — LtUmd's Di isliraf JVnlers. Three Pastoral Letters, 1732, Svo. Five, 1760, 12mo; and Pour are reprinted in Bishop Randolph's Enchiridion Theologicum. "Gibson's Pastoral Letters contain a clear and excellent sum- mary of the arguments in defence of (Jospei revelation, as well as a powerful preseivative against the writings that favour the cause of Intidelity." — Ow-n's Din-ctions. *■ Some useful reniai-Us — of Tillotson's School." — Bickerd-Vi's C. S. 10. A Collect, of the principal Treatises against Popery 173S, 3 vols, fob New ed., edited and revised tor Brit Reform Soc, by John Cumming, D.D., 1848-49, 18 vols Svo. Supp., 1850, 8 vols. Svo. "A valuable collection of tracts against popery, chiefly on ra- tional and argumentative grounds. It enibodies several valuable Protestant pamphlets, and though wanting in the evangelical spirit of the Heformation. as far as just argument and just reason- ing go, it furnishes an armoury of weapons against popery." — BlCKLRSTETH. " An impregnable barrier against the usurpations and supersti- tions of the Church of Home."— Jkremy Bentham. The theological student should also procure Lud. Le Blanc's Theses Theologies, 1683, fob '* This work may very properly accompany Gibson's Preservative against Popery, as it is written with great learning and candour, upon the principal subjects of controveisy between the KomaQ and the lU-fMrmtd Churches."— Bishop Wvtsos. " Highly worthy of an attentive perusal." — Mosheim. 665 GIB GIF Eigbop Gibson also pub. several occasional serms., tracts, (fee. '•In private life he possessed the social virtues in an eminent degree, and bis Ijeneficenco was very extensive."' See Bioj;. Brit. ; Whistou'a Life; Coxe's Life of Walpole; Censura Literaria. Gibson, Francis. 1. Strearashall Abbey; a Play, 1800, 8vo. 2. Mem. of the Bastile, 1S02, 8vo. 3. Con. to Archwol., 1792. Gibson, Henry. Con. to Med. Olis. and Inq., 1770. Gibson, James. Jour, of the Siege of Cape Breton, 1745. 8vo. Gibson, James. Theolog. treatises, A-c, 1830, &c. Gibson, John. Ills Catechisme. Lon., 1579, 8vo. Gibson, John, D.D. Serm., 1719, 8vo. Gibson, John. Serm., 1727, 8vo. Gibson, John. Serm., Edin., 1762, 8vo. Gibson, John. Serm., Edin., l7tiS, 8vo. Gibson, John, M.D. 1. The Fruit Gardener, Lon., 1768, 8vo. Anon. Doubtful. 2. Fevers, 1769, Svo. 3. The Principal Elements: or, Primary Particles of Bodies in- quired into, . In verse and prose. Gibson, Matthew. Churches of Door, Hume-Lacy, and Ilein|isted, Lon., 1727, 4to. Gibson, Robert. Land Surveying, Lon., 1767, Svo. New ed. by M. Trotter, 1860, Svo. Gibson, Samuel. Serms., 1645, 1709. Gibson, T., of St. Matthew's, Bethnal Green. Lects. on the Hist, of Joseph. Lon., 1853, Svo. " Useful inform.ition. pleasing des. Gilfard, Ilardinge. Ode for Oct. 25, 1809, I2mo. Gitfard, John. Family Religion, Lon., 1713, '15. Gilfard, John. See Giffobd. Gitlard, Wm. I. 325 Cases in Midwifery; revised and jmb. by Edward Hody, M.D., Lon., 1734, 4to. 2. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1726, '30. Gilford. Dissert, on the Song of Solomon and a poet, version, Lon., 1751, Svo. Anon. '• The writer considers the poem as a pastoral, composed by Solo- mon for the amusement of his li^'hter hours, shortly after his nup- tials with I'haraoh's dau'ihter." — Ormc's Bibl. Bib. Gilford, Andrew, D.D., 1700-1784, a Baptist minis- ter and noted antiquary. 1. Serm., 1733, 8vo. 2. Tables of Eng. Silver and Gold Coins, Lon., 1763, 2 vols.4to; 1772, 4to. See Folkes, M.irtin. 3. Serm., 1784. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol, liv. Gilford, Archer, of Newark, N. Jersey. 1. N. Jersey Statutory Constructions, Newark, 1852, r. Svo. 2. N.Jer- sey Statutory Index, 1852, r. Svo. 3. Unison of the Liturgy : vol. i.. 1S56, 12mo: vol. ii. is ready for the press, (1S58.) Gilford, Bonaventura, D.D. Serm., 1687, 4to. Gilford, C II. Hist, of the Wars occasioned by the French Revolution, Lon., 1816, 4to. A good subject. See Clifford, Rob. •• In little estimation." — LmuncUs^i Bibl. Man. Giflord, E. Castleton. France and England; or, Scenes in each, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. Gill'ord, George. Mystery of Providence, 1695. Gilford, Humirey. A Posie of Gilloflowers, eche differing from other in Colour and Odour, yet all sweete, Lon., 1580, 4to. "The only known copy of this book is in the royal library." — Lowni/es^a liihl. Man. "This very same volume contains prose translations from the Italian and French, and a collection of poems, devotional, moral, and narrative. Gifford wrote with great facility, as will appear horn the fallowing specimens." — EHis's .'Ir. Gifford was originally bred to some handicraft; he after- wards contrived to learn Latin, and was for some time an usher in a school, till he became a tutor in a noVlemau's family. The low- bred, self-taught man, the pedant, and the dependant on the great, contribute to form the editor of the Quarterly Ueview Mr. Gifford. as a satirist, is violent and abrupt, lie tidies obvious or physical defects, and dwells upim them with much labour and harshness of invective, but with ver) little wit or spirit. lie ex- presses a great deal of anger and contempt, but you cannot tell very well why— except that he seems to be sore and outof humour. His satire is mere peevishness and spleen, or something worse — person.ll antipathy and rancour. We are in quite as much pain for the writer, as lor the abject of his resentment. ... As an editor of old authors. Mr. Uifford is entitled to considerable praise for the pains he has taken iu re\ isiug the text, and for some impi ovements he has introduced into it. lie had better have spared the notes, in which, though he has delected the blunders of pievious com- mentators, he has expf scd his own ill-temper .ind narrowness of feeling more. Asacritic, he has thrown no light on the character and s'Jiirit of his authors. He has shown no strking power of analysis, nor of original illustration, though he has chosen to ex- ercise his pen on wiiters most congenial to his own turn of mind from their dry and caustic wit: Massinger and Ben Jonson. What he will malie of Marlowe, it is difficult to guess. GIL could he but have suppressed his rancours against those who had preceded him in the task; hut a niiscoustruclion or misiuteipreta- tioii, nay, the misplacing of a comma, was in Uillord's eyes a crime worthy of the most severe .-inimadvcisidu. Tile same fault of ex- treme severity went through his critical lat.ours. and iu general he liagellated with so little pity, that people lost thiir sense of the criminals guilt in dislike of the savage pleasure which ihe execu- tioner seemed to take in intlicting the punishment, 'this lack of temper probably arose from iudilTerent health, for he was very valetudinary, and realized two verses, wheiein he says I'ortune assigned him " ■ One eye not over good, Two sides that to their cost have stood A ten years' hectic cough, Aches, stitches, all the various ills That swell the devilish doctor's bills, And sweep poor mortals off.' "But he might also justly claim, as his gift, the moral qualities expressed in the next fine stanza — " * A soul That spurns the crowd's malign control, . .\ firm contempt of wrong; Spirits above affection's power. And skill to soothe the lingering hour With no inglorious song.' "He was a little man. dumpled up together, and so ill-mado as to SCI 1.1 nl^Lli^t .l.lnrnied. but with a singular expres.sion of talent in iii-^ cnuiit.niao.e."— .Wr Walter .S'coH's Hunii. Jamiury 17, 1S27. '■ W illiam laib.rd. the editor of the Quarterly Keview. seems to have united in himself all the bad qualities of the criticism of his time. He was fierce, dogmatic, bigoted, libellous, and un.sympa- thi/.ing. W hatever may have been his talents, they were exqui- sitely unfitted for his position— his literary judgments being con- temptible, where any sense of beauty was required, and principally with his I distinguished for malice and word-picking. The bitter and snarl l.-xi.'i. xxi.-xxxix. xli.-lix. Ixi.-lxxviii. rng'spirit with which he commented on excellence he could not appreciate; the extreme narrowness and shallowness of his taste; the laboured blackguardism in which he was wont to indulge, under the impres'i'U that it was satire; his detestable habit of carrying his politi.-al hatreds into literary criticism; his gross per- sonal athacks on Hunt. Hazlitt, and others, who might happen to profess less illiberal principles than his own; made him a danger- ous and disagreeable adversary, and one of the worst ciilics of modern times. Through his position as the editor of an influential journal, his enmity acquired an importance neither due to his ta- lents nor his character."— E. P. Whipple: N. Amer. Hev., Ixi. 489- 490; 07)d in Itis tysat/s and Ifevitws. ClilTorile, George. See (jYffahd. Gihon, John II., M.D., Johu Soule, and James Nisbet. Annals of San Francisco, X. Yolk, 1856, Svo. '•This noble vtilume contains by far the most satisfactory his- tor>'. not only of 8an Francisco, but of California, that we have met with." Gil. Sco Gilt,. Gilbaiik, Joseph, Jr. Scrm., 1779, 4to. Gilbaiik, W. Serins., poein, Ac, 177.3-1804. Gilbtirt, James H'illiam, General Manager of the London and Westminster Bank. 1. A Practical Treatise on Banking, Lon., 1827, Svo; 6th ed., 1849, 2 vols. Svo. The 6th ed., in 2 vols. 12mo, is now (Nov. 1855) in the press. Reprinted, edited by J. Smith Homans of Boston, N. York, 1861, Svo; Phila., 1864, Svo. " The work in its present form [.5th ed.] is far more comprehen- sive than any of the previous editions, and embraces a great va- riety of topics of great interest to bankers." — Lmi. Bankei^n Mug.; and' see N. Amer. Itev.. Ixxiii. 270. 2. Hist, and Principles of Banking, Lon., 1834, Svo; 2d ed., 1835. 3. Banking in Ireland, 1S36, Svo. 4. Bank- ing in America, 1837, Svo. 5. Causes of Pressure on the Money Market, 1840, Svo. 6. LecL on the Hist, and Prin- ciples of Ancient Commerce, 1847, p. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1853. 7. The Elements of Banking, 1862. 12ino; 2d ed., 1854, 12mo. 8. Logic for the Million, 4th ed., 1854, 12ino. '• .Mr. Gilbart's works on Banking have attained a just celebrity." — Lon. Ecotiomist. Also highly commended by the Spectator, Atlas, &c. Mr. McCulloch objects to Gilbart's partiality for joint- stock banks, &c., but acknowledges — what indeed it would I be fully to dispute — that his publications "Contain much useful information, presented in a clear, com- pendious form."— i//. nf Bid. Bun., q. v. ,.u„o„,. No American banker — no banker of any country, in- Ile has I deed — should fail to carefully peruse and reperu.se the none of ■ I he fiery quality' of the poet. '— WojlifCs .S/arit nj lite Arje. "He was a man of extensive knowledge; was well acquainted with classic and (dd Knglish lore; so learned, that he considered all other people ignorant; so wise, that he was seldom pleased with any thing; and. as he had not risen to much eminence in the world, he thought no one else was worthy to rise. He almost rivalled Jeffrey in wit. and he surpassed him in scorching sarcasm and crucifying irony. Jeffrey wrote with a sort of levity which indu ed men to doubt if he were sincere in his strictures : Gifford wrote with an earnest fierceness which showed the delight which he took in his calling."— AL1.AX Ctis.MS0B.\M : Bmg. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of tlie lust Fifty Years. "lie was a man of rare attainments and many e.xcellent quali- ties His Juvenal is one of the best versions ever made of a classical author, and his .satire of the Baviad and Mwviad squa- bashed at one blow a set of coxcombs, who might have humbug- ged the world long enough. As a commentator he was capital, works of this intelligent member of the profession. Gilbart, Thomas. Lectures on the Holy Bible, with Notes, Dnhl.. 1820, Svo. "A man ol rare genius .and profound learning."— Ch/iprcj. Mai;. Gilbart, Thomas. See GiLiiKnT. Gilbee, Earle, D.D. See Wilks, Matthew. Gilbert, Mrs. Aune. 1. Hymns for Infant Minds. 2. Seven Blessings fur Little Children. " It would really constitute a pcifect blessing, if little children were early indjued with the sentiments so beautifully expi-essed In this little work. It is worthy of the gifted authoress, whose avocation of writing for little children we reckon to be one of the highest and noblest." — .Sottish Covgrryational Moffazine. 3. The Convalescent, in 12 Letters, 1839, fp. Svo. New ed., 1840. GIL could .varo-lv l^"BokeS '/^f.h'P"'-"'^ '° "^ ma.iner. and «ri,ii.h of fhe C^nn', Vr "'^';' .^"P-'S- ='°'l H"='Id. Survey r hPr,' ^'"".le- Theoloij. treatises. Lon.. 1657-S3. ic5^ '■^''"**' ""■'ginollT named Giddv, 1767- Sod<;,v"m,h'"A"p,'""'2"-'"'-''' ••"''' P^^identof the Royal r.n!!- "^^ 1 " D '^',V ^'^"=">';ut of tl.e Bullion Quest on (answered by Baufill and Rutherford) and edited Wm Joi-dan s {trans, by John Keigwin) Creation of the World! and some other Cornish productions. He contributed some papers o,i Cornish topography, ic, to the -Antiquarian So- f.^' •'!'' Vf /ys to the transactions of other bodies, Ac I f„r .hfi" V "''T *""* ""Sht to be perpetuated in marble ' for he honour of mathematics. Such a forVhead I never ™'-_ Saulh,y,Lifia„da.rre.vick, ISOI. Svo ; Phi a. IS ,5, Sio. 12. Ises and Trusts. 3d ed bv F R «„„i„ r ISn, Svo ,3. Distress and Repie4 4^h'ed' w' W j' }^l^^:]f^h ^'"^ »• Tenures, 4tJi ed., by C Watkin. fr'..; 1 ' **™- ^'"" opinions on the works of this Com- Ke^Pfc''" T^","''^^ '" '^'■•'^'^•^ Com.; Ba k" ; lY \^ ^"°'-' I^itler and Hargrave's Co Lit.- Xincr's Abrdjit. ; Clarke's Rib T »„ i ■^'>:'> "-o. i,l^, „ Yf „o .v o^- ' ^ ''•rive s liiD. -Leg., naesuti. tisef ^t','''' ?"'• ^"'.''■"f "f'-^ious eds. of Jeffrav's trea- tises. It ,s known that Bacon's Abridgment, as oHgiualry pub. was pnnc.pally founded on Bnr.Tn Gilbert's JISS ^ of Q w !i ' %"ii»>^Pbrey, 1539-15S3, a half-bro"her of S,r Walter Raleigh, a soldier and an en t;rprisin»^ navi- gator was lost at sea on his return from IsLwrouSdhnd EliT 'i"m '" '/?;'• '"^ '"""^ "°^-"«-'-™ ■» ">'= name of Queen' Elizabeth. A Discourse of a Discouerie for a new Pas , sage ,0 Cathaia and the East Indies, Lon., 1576, 4to Re: I printed in Hakluvts Voyat'cs '", »™. xve- , ^See also Biog. Brit., Bibl. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Gilbert, James, is well known as the author of a lumber of vn iioi.io ,,....1-. „_ ,. , Jr .""'"or 01 a GIL number ol valuable works on Geography, Geology, Politi cal tconomy, &c., pub. Lon., 1S3S-5] Gilbert, John. Theolog. treatises, 16S6-1706 on^ Sam x'vf "1 "^^0"°^ "' ^'•-■^t'-'^^- ^^on. 1. Scrms. Dis'C K24" ;-o; ^- ^^ ^''■"- ^"- '' "99, 4to. 3. Prac. trans "?!'■«' i^f*''"' f:^'"'' ^'"^"'^ of ""-daff, 1740; trans, to Salisbury, 174S; Archbishop of York 1757 Occas Serm.v.. 1724. '42. '43, '44, '45. '46 ' Gilbert, John. Serms., 1744, '46, Svo His^'l^^'T"' ''"''"• Chronological Pictures of English liistory, Lon., in parts. .""onou and a work on the Christian Atonement, (Third Series of . the Congregational Lectures,) Lon.. Svo 1S36 'i' %4 which has been highly commended. See Br l^h Critic' X.X1. 450; and also a Biographical Sketch of Vr-iht' by his widow, 1S53, rmS ' '^'' "' ^"^ l"'bert, i rilheri' ?»«'»«"*«"•' Serm., Lon., 1S05, Svo Gi bert, Uobert. Serms., Lon., 1756 '59 l|: .•;:,s,sr'',Jr=i>-"."- Sv^ ?\- ' ^''^'- ■f'>""'»*- 1- The Poor. Lon 1775 sS t:^: ^■"^^=- '" «°"™- PMi^iptvofrge-tVN: religious poem. ^ '* a dsmU7,rlmos"o''p,nSl''rS---^^'?''„"P'™'t«'' -«•' 1*»^ ?^^^s?]^S.---™p-^-?^'£i^*'wSS"X^i^ Gilmer!: rGi^^^S^f^'^lIfi^- . , great repuUition at home^ind a'/road bV hi^di.covfrTo'f some the properties of the loadstone. De Ma il MSS. by Sir Wm Bo" vdl P>t ■ '"'• ' ''"''■ '■■"'" '''^ brated 'phMoso;:;.?" ^nt '-his'^ri rugtrj' Bio'^'V^h ! workt^\h:r<;n^r"- ^-''^■"•^ "'^'- -^ ^-- His : jec'; Wo'-.^'iris'Hmi'ral iftSe n'l^^'t'i:"*^^" """™ <"■ •"••" -b- subject; and mav not u. justh W sTfl''i'[r'''""" "" ""'^ •^^"'™"^ of .t- p;.!!?;\stf"^b,r4l';^'.'"iV■■';/r"''„'■^""'='' n'-™- A„.cr andl'rovid^lceH/ai^'""'- -^'- ^^'^■"'"11 s Apok^i^ „/ (,„ ^'^tfifariiT/ "!«''"''■"»' ^OA."-Lord Bacon's AUvanc^ S^p.X'^-^f^^l^Sir''''' "' ""^ I-Ostone."- Skill ir/hU'isto^-^isfo^o';;'" '- p"""^"'^''-^-' «°<' --^"Ue in tit^Bru""""'' ^'"'"""'' ''"'^ -"^^ -">°ri'-^ cited Pjssa^of'^high cr^/^S^^L't„!^» -^i^-ta™ floJ;ilKl2it if Ifcii- J;Sl?i ^r-^"^' ' ^S^:i::^rin^^^^''^^^'^""^^'^^^'^"'-^tS I :t'^^;« !v"^:p::rri-i:i:^-f?^Hnt a appeared uLer the title :fL'aieaAnglican'a".'';rc°„m^ pendium totus Jledicinia;, Genev IfiOS lV„ 4 , CycfFrel'^l'll^^Uof'^Ph";:;;' '° "^ ^'S>a.u.; Rees'a ph;i"ars!ii''£ftL'f;irTrf'LT„';"''""°'"'°^^°f'''-*™wa„ soiietimes.'iXrhrttn4its who;''°ch"f '" ""'" '""'''■'^; methods recomu^'ode-db, the ancients ••'""'''''""' """ '"«=" '"« 'tii^ri:^i::;irr-;-r'^"'°- ^- -*^-^ •i/r^r^'Vn!^-pi^ri^;v"^"'"^^' ^''"- *'="=•' '^^^' in Med. and Phts: Jout ls"oO ""' ^""^ '° '''"''""''' GIL "A book whifh will claim the interest of English readers long beyond the uiere season and occasion of its appearauue."— ir«toi. Ji'ev., Oct. ISoo. Gilchrist, Ebenezer, M.D., 1707-1774, an eminent physician of Dumfries, Scotland. 1. On tlie Use of Sea Voyages in MeJicine, Lon., 1756, 8vo. Reprinted, 1771. " The chiel object of this wmk is to recommend sea Toya"es in cases of consumption." — Bii.W ^tt: JJihl. Br,'[, ° 2. Nervous Fever; Ed. Med. Es.5., vols. iv. and v. He recommends wine and opium. 3. Con. to Ess. Phys. and Lit, vols. ii. and iii. "Few physicians of the last century have been more successful in the exercise of their profession, or have contributed more to the improvement of the healing art." See Encyc. Urit. Gilchrist, James. 1. Serm., Lon., 1812, Svo. 2. Lan- guage, &c., 1814. Svo. 3. Rational Philosophy, 1815, Svo. 4. Philosophic Etymology; or. Rational Grammar, 1816 Gilchrist, James P. The Origin and History of Ordeals, with Chronological Register of the principal Duels since 17611, Lni,., 1S21, Svo. See S.ibine, Lorenzo. Gilchrist, Johu. A Collection of ancient and modern Scottish BalUads, Tales, and Songs; with E.fplan. Notes and Observations, Edin., 1816, 2 vols. 12mo. ■•A sensible and judicious selection."— in,„„,A..,'sBiW.j)fan.. Gilchrist,JohiiBorth\vick,LL.D., I753-IS41,pnb. many valuable works on the Hindostanee language, Ac , for a list of which see liil.l. BriL,and Lowndes's Bibl.Man! Gilchrist, Octavius, 1779-1823, a native of Twick- enham, educated at Magd.alen Coll., Ok(. 1. E.vam. of the charges of Ben Jonson's enmity towards Shak.speare, 1808, Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Ix.^i.-;. 53. 2. The Poems of Richard Corbet. Bishop of Norwich, with Notes and Life 1808 Svo. See Lon. Gent, Mag., l.x.iviii. 1169. 3. Letter to W. bifford on a late ed. of Ford's Plays, 1811, Svo. See our article on Ford, John. Mr. Gilchrist projected (in 1S14) a Select Collection of Old Plays, in 15 vols. Svo, but was deterred from publication by the appearance of the peri- odical series entitled Old Plays. An article of Gilchrist's in the London Magazine elicited a warm controversy re- specting the Life and Writings of Ale.tander Pope. See Lon. Gent. Mag., sci. 291, 533; .\ciii. 278. Gilchrist, Paul. Letter to Mr. Saunders on the Re- volution in Russia, Ac, Lon., 1762, Svo. Gilchrist, Peter. On the Hair, Lon., 1770, '87, Svo Gildas, or Gilcliis, surnamcd the Wise, commences the catalogue of Anglo-Sa.\on writers. He is said to have flourished in the 6th century, but every thing concerning him, and even the existence of such a person, is involved m doubt and obscurity. We must refer the curious reader to Wright s Biog. Brit. Lit., and the authorities there cited. Iho work attributed to him with the most confidence is the Epistola de excidio Britannia;, et castigatio ordinis eccle- siastica ; first ed., Lon., 1525, Svo, and several eds. since See authorities cited above. New ed., by Joseph Steven- son, pub. by the Historical Society, Lon., 1838, Svo. Also pub. a new trans, with the works of Nennius, by J A Giles LL.D., 1841, Svo. ' "Gildas's work gives a superfici.al sketch of British history vn- ?it'mLl°T«°''/°''f.T"J' """^"'5 between the Britons and the Plots and Scots and the Saxon invasions; and also an account ol the vices of the kings, clergy, and laity of the time. This work IS supposed to have been written about i D 6S1 n'll.^'-^""^ contains little information, even if it be authentic. It IS written in aii luliated style, not much unlike that of Aldhelm . . .there is no independent authority now existing which will fnmrL'.r 'ss .'fa's historical truth of this tract, and we have no information relating to its writer which merits the slightest degree of credit." See Wright's liiog. Brit. Lit ==i.uet,co Gilderdale, John. 1. Nat. Religion, Lorn, 1837, Svo 2. Hist, and ChronoL. 4to. 3. Family Prayers, 1838, 12mo. Gilding, Elizabeth. Poems and Essays, 1776 Gildon, Charles, 1665-1723, a native of"Gillingham, Dorsetshire, gained but little reputation as an author, and still less as an actor, but Pope has embalmed him in the Dunciad. In 1693 he pub., with an introduction, Charles Blount s Oracles of Reason, and subsequently, in 1705 to atone fur this publication, he gave to the world The Deist's Manual For an account of these works see Leland's De- istical V. Titers, and article Blount, Charles, in this volume. He also pub. Miscell. Letters and Essays, 1694, 8vo; the Complete Art of Poetry, 1718, 2 vols. 12mo;— see Halhwell s Shaksperiana, p. 20, No;!. 3, 6, and 6 •— five unsuccessful plays, 1697-1703; a Comparison between the two Stages, 1702, Svo; a Life of Betterton, 1710; a New Rehearsal, 1714, Svo; some other publications. .tt'.m,?rH°° "iT* '''<■'•?♦"'■'■• but a mean genius ; who, having attemp ed several kinds of writing, never gained much reputation in any. —Boytr's r,4tl„:al Slnlr. x.xvil 1IJ2 „,';°''bose disciples l^^'li „les Blount] the most noted wasa bad w. Iter named Gildon, Ao lived to pester another generation with dnggrel and slander, and whose memory is still presei-ved, not by his own voluminous works, but by two or three lines in which his GIL stupidity .and venality have been contemptuously mentioned by I'ope.'— jt/aciiH/u.v'.'! //ijJ. I./ £«(7., vol. iv., ISoli. Mr. Maeaulay ably exposes the true character of Blount's Oracles of Reason. Giles. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1697. Giles, Henry, b. Nov. l,181y,near(;orcy,co. of Wex- ford, Ireland, one of the most popular of the many literary lecturers who draw crowded audiences in the United States. 1. Lectures and Essays, Boston, 1850, 2 vols. 16mo. "Those persons who have listened to the greater part of the contents of these two volumes in the various lecture-rooms throU"h- out the country, will probably be even more anxious to read them than many wlio have only heard the name of the author. They will revive in the reader the delightful wit. the clear mental attrac- tion, and the high pleasure which they uniformly excited in their delivery." These lectures are also highly commended by Miss Mit- ford: see her Recollections of a Literary Life. 2. Chris- tian Thought on Life; in a series of Discourses, 2d ed., 1S51, 16mo. 3. Illustrations of Genius in some of its rela- tions to culture and society, 1854, 16mo. Giles, Rev. J. A., LL.D., nuper Soeius C. C. C, Oxon., has written aud edited many valuable works, some of which we notice. 1. English-Greek and Greek-English Lexicon, new ed., 1S46, Svo. '■ This is a worthy companion to Riddle's Latin Dictionary, con- taining all the information neces.sary to a student— and, what is ot eriual importance, no more. The author is generally successful in developing the structure and composition of the Greek lan- gu.ige; avoiding the quibbling derivations which disfigured the older Lexicons, and especially that of Schrevelius : he points out the genuine radicals so far as they can be discovered with certain- ty." — Lon. AtliencEitm, 2. Scriptores Gra3ei Minores, 1840, 12mo. 3. Patres Eo- elesire Anglicanaj, now first collected into one series, 35 vols. Svo, £9 9s. ; aud a sup. vol., 10s. 4. Hist, of the An- cient Britons, 1847, 2 vols. Svo. "A valuable addition to every historian's library."— Xon. ii(. •• This is the most valuable work that has appeared of late years on the History of the Ancient Britons. Nowhere else has the sub- ject been treated so fully with strict regard to real history, and in e.xclusion of all fabulous legends. Vol. II. consists of the original Histories fi.mi which this work has been compiled, viz.: Excerpta ex Scni.tnrilois lir. et Lat.; Gildas; Nennius; Excerpta ex Beda; Kicar,los(i,es(reusisdeSitu Biitanniae; VitaGilda;. auctoreCara- doco: MtaGiUta-. auctore Anonymo; Inscriptiones ex Nummis; luscriptiouesex Lapidibus." 5. The Entire Works of the Venerable Bede, 1843-44, 12 vols. Svo. See our article on Bede. " We trust that Dr. Giles will be encouraged to continue his ex- ertions in thus diffusing a saund knowledge of mediiev.al divinity and ecclesiastical history."— io». Quarterly Berir.w. Oct. 1844. 6. Hist, of the Town and Parish of Bampton, 2d ed., 1848, Svo. 7. Lives of the Abbots of Weiemouth .and Jarrow, Ac, 1845, Svo. 8. Life and Letters of Thomas a Beckett, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. We are also indebted to Dr. Giles for his new ed. of Thompson's Geofl'rey of M.mmouth, (see our article on Geoffrey,) his labours on Zeuuius's Terence, his manuals of Latin and English (Grammar, English History, Ac; nor must we omit to make special mention of one of the most valuable of his publications The Life and Times of Alfred the Great, 2d ed., 1854, Svo. - "The most valuable and authentic Lifeof Alfred the Great In- cluded are Alfred's ^Vill, in Saxon, with translation ; the Treaty between Alfred and Guthrum, in Saxon; Eulke's Letter to Alfred- Alfred's Preface to Gregory's Pastoral Care, in Saxon, with a trans- lation ; a Chronological Summary of Anglo-Saxon History, ic." " Dr. Giles is in thorough possession of his materials and of his intention, which produces the clearness that arises from mastery and he exhibits the same general hmilmmmie and chronicler dispo- sition for minute and picturesque narrative which we noted in his Lite of Becket, with more of a critical spirit."— ion. Spectator. Giles, John. The Pine Apple, Lon., 1767, Svo. Giles, Joseph. Poems, revised and corrected, by Wm. Shcnstoiie, Lon., 1771, Svo. Giles, lUascall. Against Superstitious Jesu Worship, Lon., 1642, 4to. Giles, Wm. Defence of Dr. Sherlock's Preservative against Popery, Lon., 16S8, 4to. Giles, Wm. 1. On Marriage, Lon., 1771. 2. Poems. 1775, Svo. Giles, Wm. Branch, d. 1830, Governor of Virginia, 1826-29, was for many years a member of the Congress of the United States. He pub. Political Letters to the People of Virginia, occasional letters, a speech, Ac, 1808-25. GilfiUan, Rev. George, born 1813,at Comrie, Perth- shire, Scotland, was educated at Glasgow Coll., and tit the United Secession Hall of the United Presbyterian Church In 1835 he was licensed to preach, and in the next year was ordained to the Schoolwynd congregation, Dundee where he still remains. About 1842 he was encourac'cc by Mr. T. Aird, editor of the Dumfries Herald, to write sketches of the principal characters of the day. These 669 GIL QTL ofT-liand portraits were well received, and in 1845 they were published, with some others, as The GuUery of Literary Piirtraits, 2d ed., 1851. In 1849 Mr. G. pub. his Second Gallery of Literary Portraits; 2d ed., 1862; and in 1855 nj>peared the Third Series. In 1854 was pub., in 1 vol. p. 8vo, a new ed. of the 1st and 2d series; and vol. i. of the last ed. of the work appeared in 1857. In 1850 ho gave to the world The Bards of the Bible, 4th ed., 1856; in 1851 he pub. The Book of British Poesy, Ancicut and Modern ; in 1832, The Martyrs, Heroes, and Bards of the Scottish Covenant, 2d ed., 1854; in 1854. The Grand Discovery, 2d ed., 1856; in 1S56. History of a Man; and in 1867, Christianity and our Era, He has also pub. a Discourse on Hades, Five Discourses on the Abuse of Talent, &c., and edited Win. C. Bryant's Poems, with Notes and an Introductory Essay, &c. He is now engaged in editing a new and splendid Library Edition of the Popular Poets and Poetry of Britain, with Biographical and Critical Notes. The issue for the first year comprised — • 1, 2. Milton's Poetical Works. 3. Thomson's Seasons and other Poems. 4. George Herbert's Poetical Works. 5. Young's Poetical Works. 6. The Poetical Works of Goldsmith. Collins, &c. The issue for 1864 comprised, 7, 8. Cowper's Poetical Works. 9, 10. Butler's Poetical Works. IL Shenstone's Poetical Works. 12. Beattie. Blair, and Falconer's Poetical M'orks. This is by far the handsomest edition of the British poets ever published, and we see not huw it can be surpassed. A vol. is pub. every alternate month, forming in the year 6 vols, averaging lioi) pp. each ; annual subscription one guinea, or in French morocco, gilt top, £1 11«. 6'L The scries is intended to include the fol- lowing authors : Wm. Drunmiond. Peter Pindar. Falconer. Pope. Fert^usou. Prior. Gay. Francis Quarles. Gifford. Allan Itanisay. Goldsmith. ]!o;j:ers. .James Grahame. Alexander Ross. Gray. Scntt. W. Hamilton. Shelley. Genrpe Herbert. I^henstone. Robert Ilerrick. Smollett. Iln-^^. Spenser. I)r. Johnson. Swift. Ben Jonson. Tannahill. Leyden. James Thomson. Lojian. Waller. Macphersone. Thomas Warton. Milton. . "Watts. Mrs. Opie. Klrke White. Paniell. Kdward Young. Di-. Percy. Etc. As a critic Mr. Gilfillan has been warmly praised, and not slightly censured. He possesses one of the most dan- gerous of arts for any one who would achieve solid and last- ing reputation, — that of great verbal facility, approaching to conversational familiarity. He is sometimes happy in his metaphors and apt in his allusions, but is more likely to be extravagant in the one and grotesque in the other; reminding us forcibly of the bombast and egotism so gene- rally observable in the prevailing style of second-rate American writers. Mr. Giltillan is by no means devoid of talent; and it is well worth his while, by a course of wholesome discipline of his natural abilities, to correct the errors of a critical pen which sometimes displays more passion than judgment and more vigour of language than depth of thought. A critic in the Dublin University Magazine, in a review of Mr. GilfiUan's First Gallery of Literary Portraits, refer- ring to the author's fondness for overstrained metaphor and ambitious style, justly remarks that " In all such habitual use of strong language a writer is throw- ing away his wealth, and making his style in reality poor and meagre. Words are lavished with profusion when they absolutely represent nothing, and none but the man who has read through a volume of words with the wish really to ascertain the amount of instruction it gives, ran judge of the unutterable weariness pro- duced by this careless habit of stating every thing in a temper of exagy,eration. Simplicity of style is. however, seldom the distin- guishing grace of a young writer's compositions." We are happy to be able to add from the same articlej — for it is more pleasant to quote praise than censure, — "Mr. Giltillan's effort to make his readers acquainted with the greatest men whom he has met on the highway of literature is no doubt an ambitious one, and has on the whole been successfully executed." — xxvii. G52-rif4. The Bards of the Bible has elicited much rapturous com- mendation — in which we were never able to coincide — and severe censure, the justice of which we do not feel able to disprove. His piety warms our heart, but his style shocks our taste. One of the most learned Orientalists of modern times, re- 670 Addison. Akenside. Kobert Blair. Bloomfield. Thomas Brown. Bruce. George Buchanan. Burns. Samuel Butler. Byron. Campbell. Chatterton. Chaucer. Coleridge. Collins. Cotton. Cowley. Cowper. Crab be. Petihalm. I>rvden. cently deceased, makes graver objections to the work than mere want of literary taste: • -'• A pompous and gaudy style is exceedingly out of place when it appears in books that treat of sacred things. We feel tbat the subject is degraded. It is as if a painter were to attempt sketches of Isaiah, and Paul, and John, and should put on them the cos- tume of a Bond street or Broadway exquisite. We enter a solemn protest against all such doings. God. Christ, eternity, heaven, hell, and man's immortal spirit and welfare are things beyond rhapsody. . . . 'the inconceivable majesty of such subjects should awe the mind tbat contemplates them into the most grave, and sober, and humble attitude. . . . There are some passages in it, and many sin- gle expressions, which convey vivid ideas, and present pleasing images. We concede to him fancy, imagination, and a very con- siderable acquaintance with the sources of poetical imagery. But these are not the only qual i!i cat ions that are needed to write in- structively on Hebrew poetry. His book reminds us very strongly of a passage in another poet and critic, somewhat different li'om the author of the Bards of the Bible. It runs thus : "* Inceptis gravibus plerunique et magna professis, Purpureus, late qui sjileudeat, unus et alter Assuitur jiannus. Amphora ccepit Institui; currente rota, cur urceus exit? Denique. sit quodvis, simj^lex duntaxat et unum.* "Yes, this precious simplex.' Of all the books on eaith, the Bible exhibits it most. A comment on it, of any kind, which is spotted throuizhout with 'purpurei panni qui late splendeanf seems to us one of the greatest of all incongruities." — MoSES Stuart, lat': Prof, of Sticrid Litrruture in the Ihtolog. ikminary of Andover. See N. Amer. Kev., Jsxiii. 238-267. ; Whatever other charges Mr. GilfiUan's critics may bring against him, he certainly cannot be accused of indolence, as, ill acldition to his professional duties, he contributes to no less than five or six periodicals. It is no slight com- mendation — but one to which he may justly lay claim — that a high moral purpose, a kindly spirit, and a hearty appreciation of the good, the right, and the true, are pro- minent characteristics of his writings. It will be seen, from a glance at the accompanying tables of contents of the -Galleries of Literary Portraits, that Mr. Gilfillan has been by no means partial in his selection of subjects, but has employed his pencil upon representatives of almost all classes of opinion, both in church and state: FIHST GALLERY OF LITEBAHY PORTRAITS. CONTENTS. Lord Jeffrey. Preachei'S of the Charles Lamb. William Godwin. Pay. Ehenezer Elliott. William Ilazlitt. Walter Savage Lan- Allan Cunningham Robert Hall, dor. and the Itural Percy Bysshe Shelley. Thomas Campbell. Poets. Dr. Chalmers. L"rd Itrnu-'hitm. John Keats. Thomas Carlyle. Sanuii-I T. t 'nk-ridge. T. B. Macaulay. Thomas deQuincey. Ralph Waldo Emer- Thomas Aird. John Foster. son. Kcibert .Southey. Proffssur A\ilson, Wm. Wordsworth. John Gibson Lock- Edw. Irving, and the Robert PoHok. hart. SECOND GALLERY OF LITERARY PORTRAITS. CONTENTS. John Milton. George Dawson. William Anderson, Lord Byron. Alfred Tennyson. Leigh Hunt. George Crabbe. Professor Nichol. Thomas Moore. John Foster. Mi-s. Hemans. Isaac Taylor. Thomas Hood. Mrs, E. B. Browning. H. W. Longfellow. Thomas B. Macaulay. Mrs. Shelley. Philip .Tas. Bailey. Dr. George Croly. William Cobbett. John Sterling. SirE.BulwerLytton. James Montgomery. Wm. Wordsworth. Ralph Waldo Emer- Sydney Smith. John Buuyan. TIIIRD GALI ERY OF LITERARY CONTENTS. PORTRAITS. AI" h of French Revolutio nists. Mir.abeau. Robespierre, and Vergniaud. Marat, A Cot Dan ton. steHation of Sacred A Napoleon. ifhors. Edward Irving. Robert Uall. Dr. Chalmers. Isaac Taylor. A Clitster of New Poets Sydney Yendys. J. Stanyan Bigg. Gerald Massey. Alexander Smith. Modem Critics. Hazlitt and Hallam. Delta. Thomas Babington Jeffrey and Coleridge. Thackeray. MisoU'tneous SJ>etch€S Macaulay. Carlyle and Sterling. Sir Edward Lytton .SIschylus ; Prome- Emerson. Bulwer. theus Bound and Neale and Bunyan. Benjamin Disraeli. Unbound. Kdmuud Burke. Professor Wilson. Shakspeare— A Lec- Edgar A. I'ue. Henry Rogers. ture. Gilfillan, Robert, a native of Dunfermline, a modern poet of considerable reputation. For an account of this bard, we must refer the reader to the Memoir attached to the 4th ed. of his Poems and Songs, pub. in Edinburgh, 1851. 12mo. Reprinted, 1853. See bis K.Kile's Song, and In the Days Langsyne. in Chambers'^Cye. of Eng. Lit. '■The songs of Mr. Giltillan are nLirke^Dy gentle and kindly feelings, and a smooth tlow of versification, which nL-iketi them eminently suitable for being expressed in music." — Uln mpra. GIL Gilfillan, Rev. Samuel. 1. Discourses on the Holy Spirit, Edin., 12mo. 2. Essay on the Sanctification of the Lord's Dav, Sth ed., 18?,-, 18mo. Gilkie", James. Every M.in his Own Procurator; or, the Country Gentleman's Vnde-Mrciim, Edin., 1778, 12mo. Gilks, Morton. Petrifiictions; Phil. Trans., 1740. Gill. Selections from the Court Keports, originally pub. in the Boston M. Post, 1S34-.37, Bost., 1S.37. 12mo. "It cont.'iins some {rrapbic illustrations of the administration and effect of the law, that may be perused with advantage." — JUan-in's L<it. " A minute detail on the allegorical sense, and a spiritual im- provement.'' — Dr. E. \Villi.\ms. '■ It is hi.shly allegorical in its interpretation.'' — Hfirne's Bihl. Bib. 2. Prophecies resp. the Messiah, fulfilled in Jesus, 1728. In answer to Collins's Scheme of Literal Prophecy con- sidered. 3. The Cause of God and Truth, being an Ex- amination of the several Passages of Scripture made use of by the Arrainians. In four parts, 1735-38, 4 vols. Svo; 1755, 4 vols. Svo; 1772, '75, 4to; 1816, 2 vols. Svo; 1838, Svo. This is an answer to Dr. Whitby's Discourse on the Five Points. '• If vou read Wbitby on the Five Points, read Dr. Gill's reply. . . . It is the fullest answer to Whitby. ... In Part IV. of this Work, Dr. Gill goes through the testimonies of the Fathers before Augus- tine, to give passages that support Calvinistic views." — Bickersteth. " It is an elalxirate work, and may be considered a very able defence of Calvinism." — ll'/.s-rtH's Dissrnlinff Churches. 4. Exposition of the New Testament, 1746-47-13, 3 vols, fol. 5. Exposition of the Old Testament, 1748-63, 6 vols. New ed. of both Testaments, with a Memoir by Dr. Rip- pon, and a portrait, 1816, 9 vols. 4to. Pub. at £12 12s.; large paper, £16 16s. Still worth about £12 to £13, in good binding. Vol. i. of a new ed. of the Exiios. of the 0. and N. Tests, was pub. by Aylott of London in 1852, r. Svo, and a new ed. of his Exposition of the Old Test, was pub. by CoUingridge in 1854, 6 vols. r. Svo, £3 1S«. GIL *'Tbe author always keeps sipht of his creed. ... He was a very learned and good man; but has often spiritualized his text to absurdity." — 1>R. Adam Clahke. ''It abounds with rabbinical and theoloijical information: but, though upon the wh'ileavery valuable work, it is often prolix and tautoloftifal. and sometimes injudii-ious." — Dr. E. Williams's C. P. " It is prized as an invaluable mine of knowledge by judicious Christians of every denomination."' — Wilson. *' He moves through his exposition like a man in lead, and over- ■whelms the inspired writer with dull lucubrations and rabbinical lumber. lie is an ultra-Calvinist in his doctrinal sentiments. . . . If the reader be inclined for a trial of his strength and patience, he may procure the burden of Dr. (iill. lie was, after all. a man of undoubted learning, and of prodigious labour."— Onus's Bihl. Bib. '• In rabbinical literature Dr. Gill had no equal, and he has hence been enabled to illustrate many important passages of Scripture. ... An occasional leference to this learned work is all, perhaps, that can be recommended." — Home's Bill. Brit. "Valuable for rabbinical learning; a variety of meaning* sug- gested: Calvinistic in sentiment." — Biclerskth's C. S. 6. Dissert, on the Antiq. of the Hebrew Language, Let- ters, Vowel-points, and Accents, 1767, Svo. "This is also a laboured exposition and defence of the doctrines of the Massorets." — Omii's Bihl. Bib. 7. A Body of Doctrinal and Practical Divinity, 1769-70, 3 vols. 4to. Several eds. New ed., 1839, 2 vols. Svo. "Gill was a very learned and pious man; but his notions of moral obligations were not correct; which led him to some pe'-u- liarities of sentiment respecting grace being the obliging as well as the efficient cause of evangelical duty, and which disposed him, in arguing with Arminians. too often to cut the knot of difficulty, instead of solving it, and to deal in round assertions with slender arguments." — Wi/lioms's C. P. S. Serms. and Tracts, several of which were never before printed. To which are prefixed Memoirs of tlie Lite, Writings, and Character of the Author. 177:^ 2 vols. 4to. "If any man can be supposed to have trod the whole circle of human leiirning, it was Dr. (iill. M'hile true religion and sound learning have a single friend in the British empire, the works and name of Gill will be precious and revered. . . . With a solidity of judgment and with an acuteness of discernment peculiar to few, j he exhausted, as it were, the very soul and substance of most j arguments he undertook." — Toplady. I Gill pub. several treatises upon Baptism, and many occa- i sional serms. See the Life prefixed to his Serms. and Tracts, No. 7 above, and Steunet's Funeral f?erm. A new ed. of bis E.xpos. of Solomon's Song was puh. in 1S54-, r. Svo ; a new ed. of his sermons, in 3 vols. Svo. has appeared ; and Rippnn's Memoirs of his Life and Writings has been pub. separately in 12mo. Gill, Joseph. Law, &c. rel. to Insolvents, Lon., 1S36. Gill, R. \V,, and J. Johnson, Cases in Ct. of Ap- peals of Maryland. 1829-41. Bait., 1829-45, 12 vols. Svo. Gill, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 17S7. Gill, Thomas. Trial of George Manners for Libels, in the Satirist, on the Character of Wm. ILiUett, 1S12, Svo. Gillan, R. Abridg. of the Acts Genl. Assembly of Ch. of Scot., Edin.. 1S21, Svo. Gillane, John, d. 1735, consecrated a bishop in the Episcopal Ch. of Scot, 1727: Bishop of Dunblane, 1731. 1. Remarks upon Sir Jas. Dalryniple's Hist. Collec, Edin., 1714, Svo. See Dalrtmple, Sir James. 2, Life of Rev. John Sage, 1714, Svo. Gillespie. Narrative of the most remarkable Events of tho Life of K. William III. Also a revised History of the Siege of Londonderry, Deiry, 1823, 8vo. See Mr. Macaulay's graphic account of the horrors of this siege, in his History of England, vol. iii., just pub., (1856.) Gillespie, Major Alex. 1. Hist. Review of the Royal Marine Corps. Lon., 1S03. 4to. 2. Gleanings, A'c. at Buenos Ayres, ISIS, Svo. A memoir of Maj. Gillespie has been pub. Gillespie, George, d. 1648, one of the four Com- missioners from the Ch. of Scot, to the Westminster As- sembly in 1643. 1. Dispute against the English Ptpish Ceremonies obtruded upon the Ch. of Scut., 1637, '60, 4to. 2. Dialogue between a Civilian and a Divine cone, the Ch. of Eng., 1644, 4to. Anon. 3. Recrimination charged upon Mr. Goodwin, 1644, 4to. Anon. 4. Serm., 1644. 4to. 5. True Resolution, &c., 1645, 4to. 6. Mr. Colman's Piece, Ac, 1645, 4to. 7. Serm., 1645, 4to. 8. Wholesome Se- verity, &.C,, 1645, 4to. Anon. 9. Aaron's Rod Blossoming, 1646, 4to. New ed., 1843, Svo. "One of the chief works on the government of the Church of &cot\iiud."—Bickerb-tttn's C. S. 10. Male Audis., 1646, 4to. 11. Treat, of MisceU. Ques- tions, 1649, 4to. ** This is a practical and controversial book, but contains a con- siderable portion of learned discussion respecting the meaning of I the Scriptures." — Orme^s Bibl. Bib. I 12. The Ark of the Testament Opened, 2 vols. 4to : vol. i., 1661 ; vol. ii., 1677. 13. Notes of Debates and Proceed- ings of the Westminster Assembly, B. George Hill. Gillespie, Leonard, M.D. Profess, publications, Lon.. 1798, 1800, Svo. Gillespie, Kev. Thomas, of the Presbytery of "Relief." d. 1774. Treat, on Temptation, Edin., 1774, 12nio. New cd. Gillet>pie, Thomas. The Seasons Contemplated in the Spirit of the Gospel, Lon., 1S22, 12nio. Gillespie, W. 1. The Necessary Existence of God. New ed.. Eilin., 1834, 8vo. 2. China and tbe Chinese Missions, with Hi;?t. of Revolution, Lf)n., 1854, 12nio. Gillespie, Rev. William. 1. The Progress of Re- finement, and other Poems, Edin., 1805. *07. fp. Svo. 2. Con- solation; with other Poems. Lon. and Edin., 1815, Svo. Gillespie, >V lUiam iViilchell, LL.D., b. 181S, inN, York. grad. at Columbia Coll., 1834; Pruf. of Civil Engineer- ing in Union Coll. since 1845. 1. Rome as seen by a New Yorker, 1843-44, N. York, 1845, 12mo, pp. 216. *' A good title to a good book. The endeavour tn convey Rome only by those impressions whjr-h would natui-ally be made upon an American, liivesihe work a certain air of ori^jinality ; — the rarest of all qualities in descriptions of the Eternal City. The style is pure and sparkling, although occ:isionaIIy flippant and diletan- tesijue. The tone of remark is much in the usual way — sdrm hs regies — never very exceptionable, and never very profound." — Edgar A. I'Oe's Literati, 2. Roads and Railroads; a Manual for Road-making, 1S45 ; 7th ed., 1854, 8vo, pp. 372. " If the well-established principles of Road-making which are so plainly set forth in Professor Gillespie's valuable work, and so well illustrated, could be at once put into general use in this country, every traveller would bear testimony to the fact that the author is a great public benefactor." — SiUi)7tan''s Amer. Jour. <>/ Science. " It is, in all respects, the best work on this subject with which I am acquainted; being from its arrangement, comprehensiveness, and clearness, equally adapted to the wants of Students of Civil Engineering, and the purposes of persons in any way engaged in the construction or supervision of roads." — Professor Mahan, of the Military Aojdemy. 3. Phibisophy of Mathematics, from the French of Auguste Comte, 1851, Svo, pp. 260. "Tbe classification given of the Sciences at large, and their regular order of development, is uniiuestionaldy a master-piece of scientitic thinking, as ample as it is comprehensive." — MoreU's Spfculatii^c Philosophy of Europe. 4. The Principles and Practice of Land Surveying, 1855, Svo. pp. 420; 6th ed., 1858. " This really capital work ie worth more than all the purely theo- retical works upon the same Eubject that were ever published."— Simthern Litttnry Frviciv. "What Monge did for descriptive geometry, Gillespie has done for surveying: he has reduced and consolidated into an harmonious and eystematii: whole the heterogeneous details of a principle-less practice." Gillespy, Rev. K. Criminal Laws, Lon., 1793, Svo. Gillet, K. 1. The Pleasures of Reason ; or. the Hun- dred Thoughts of a Sensible Young Lady. In English and French, Lon,, 1796, sm. 12mo. 2. Moral Philos., 1799. 12mo. Gillett, J. T, His Trial and his Address to the Public, Lon.. 1796, Svo. Gillette, Abram Dunn, b. 1S09, Cambridge, N. York, Pastor of Calvary Church, N. Y. City. 1. History of the Eleventh Baptist Church, Philadelphia. 2. Memoir of Rev. Daniel Holbrook Gillette. 3. Pastor's Last Gift. Edited Social Hymns, and Minutes of Philadelphia Baptist Association from 1707 to 1807. He has contributed largely to various journals. Gillies, John, D.D., 1712-1796, minister of the New College Churoh, Glasgow, 1742-96. 1. Historical Collec- tions of the Success of the Gospel, Ac, Glasg., 1754, 2 vols. Svo. Supp., 1761. 12mo. A Second Supp. was pub. by Br. Erskinc in 1796. New ed. of the whole, with a Pref. and Continuation by the Rev. H. Bonar. Kelso, 1845, r. Svo. "A very interesting book, and well deserving of attention from the lover of Christianity and of Church history.'— t>?-??j(-'s Bihl. Bib. "A very profitable book for a minister." — Bickersteth's C. iS". 2. Devotional Exercises on the New Test., Lon., 1796, 672 J > } Svo; 2d ed., with a Memoir of tbe Author by W. Nicol, D.D., ISIO, 2 vols. Svo. The first ed. has not the text. • The work corresponds most fiiithfully with its title, and seema to reflect in every page the piety and high devotion.il spirit of the author. Such a work may beavery important companion to many of the dry and more critical volumes recommended in this Biblio- theca." — Orme's BibL Brit. " Beautiful and striking, though undesigned, pictures of bis pious and benevolent heart." — Da. Erskine. ".Much calculated to raise the heart to communion with God, through the word." — Bickersleth\^ a. Biog. and Crit. account of all the Dramatic "Writers Irum 10(55 to the pre- sent time; and also a Hist, of the Country Theatres in England. Ireland, and Scotland, Lon., 1S07, 2 vols. 12mo. "This history of Ihe sta^e and account < if dramatic writers is of little ^ .tlue," — L'/wTuks^s Bibl. Man. Gillin^, Isaac. Serms.. 1704, 'OS, '19, all Svo. GiUiiigwatcr, Edmuucl. 1. ParUh Workhouses, Lon., 17:StJ. Svo. 2. Ilist. Acct. of Lowestoft, 1790. 4to. 3. Hist, and Duscrip. Acct. of St. Edmund's Bury, Suffolk, St. Edm., 181)4. 12mo; 1811, Svo. GiUiss, Lieut. J. M., U. S. Navy, distinguished for his scientific acquirements, and especially for astronomical erudition. The U. »S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere during the years 1S49, *60, '51, '52. Lieut. J. M. GiUiss, Superintendent; Lieut. Archibald Macrae, Acting Master S. L. Phelps, Capt.'s Clerk E. R. Smith, Assistants. Vol. L Chile: its Geography, Climate, Earthquakes, Government, Social Cnndition, Mineral and Agricultural Resources, Commerce, etc. etc. Vol. IL The Andes, Minerals, Animals, Plants, and Fossils ; Phila., 1856, 2 vols. 4to, pp. 566 and .3(J0. Dee])ly interesting, and most valuable contributions to our knowledge of this portion of the American Continent. Gillniaii, James. Dissert, on the Bite of a Rabid Animal, Lon., 1812. Svo. This essay received a prize from the Roy. Cull, of Surg. Gilimau, John, D.D. Scnr., 1721, Svo. Gillmau, Webster. Poll for Kent,(tc.,1796,lS02.Svo. Gillmor, C, Vicar of Dartford. 1. Reply to Mr. Baptist W. Noel's Essay against the Union of Church and State, 1S49, ISmo; 2 eds. " The reply should everywhere tread upon the heels of the Es- say ." — Nonconform ht. *'It is a most al-le and di5;pas>;ionnte refutation of the many reasons brought forward by Mi-. .Noel." — Bnth Herald. 2. Israel in the Ascendant, 2d ed., 1853. Svo. Gillon, Joseph. 1. Erskine's (John) Institute of the Law of Scotland, 1805, fol. 2. Erskine's (John) Principles of the Law of Scotland, 1809, Svo. GiHou, Thomas. Catholic Principles of Allegiance illustrated. Lon., 1S07, Svo. Gillray, James, d. 1S15, a celebrated ciiricaturist, exerted no small influence ou the politics of his day. Sets of his original plates, all engraved by himself between 1799 and 1810, had become extremely rare — indeed a com- plete set could not be procured at any price — when Mr. Henry Bohn. in 1849, repub. an ed. in one large atlas fob, for the trifling price of £8 8s. To this vol. should be added the descriptive vol. of letter-press, by Thomas Wright and R.H.Evans, 1850. 8vo. Some years before the appearance of Bohn's ed., Mr. Maclean pub. one at the price of twenty-five guineas, in two thin vols. This ed. is now rare. Its contents, with additional subjects, will be found in Mr. Bohn's ed. Gillson, Edward. 1, Lectures on the Second Ad- vent, Lon., 1S45, ]2mo; 1S47. *' Four ysceilent discourses. . . . The sulject is handled through- out ill a practical way.'' — AchiR. Mks. Herald. 2. The Relapsed Demoniac. 3. Parting Token: Ten concluding Sernis., 1854, fp. Svo. GilUim, K., M.D. Letter to Dr. Mill, 1803. Gillum, Mm., d. 1797. 1. Misceli. Poems, and a Farce called What will the World say? Lon., 1787, Svo. 2. The present AVar with France, 1794, Svo. Gilly, Sarah. Receipts, Lon., 1602, Svo. " With a portrait of S. Gilly, by W. Faithorue, (after Lely.) This portrait was atterwards altered to Hannah Woo\ky. "—Lowiides's Bibl. Man. Gilly, W. O, S. Shipwrecks of the Roval Navy, 1793-1819, Lon., 1850, p. Svo; 1S51. Gilly, \Vm. Stephen, D.D., Canon of Durham, and Vicar of Norham, d. 1855. 1. The Spirit of the Gospel, 1818, 8vo. "This volume is a valuable addition to the divinity treasuj-y : its lan3:uage and comments are matured; but it rarely has ipse dixit opiuious." — AntiJncohin Rrv., Xo. 245. 2. Excursions to the Mountains of Piedmont, and Re- searches among the Vaudois,1824,4to; 1825, Svo; lS26,Svo. "One of the most interesting volumes that has lately appeared."' — Lnn. Quar. Ri'v., x.xxiii, 134-176. All who are interested in the Wablenses should read both this and the following volumes — Nus. 3, 5, and 7 — and the review from which we have just quoted. 3. Second Visit; or, Waldcusian Researches, 1831. Svo. '• Exceedingly intt^resting, and th^ more so as all the details are given from actvuU ob3erv.ition." — Lon. A(?ien born in that city, October 8, 1794. At the e:irly age of 16. she wrote a poem entitled Jcphthah"? Ra.-h Vow, which wns succeeded by another poetical eliusi. n, Jainis's Daughter, which was pub. in The North An eriean Review. In 1S19 she was married to Samuel Gilnian. D.D., wlio. shortly after this event, be- came pastor of the Unitariau Church in Charleston, South Camlina, which office he retained until his death, in 1858. In 1832 Mrs. Gilman commenced editing The Rosebud, a hebdomadal, perhaps the first juvenile newspaper pub. in the United States. " From this periodical I h.ave reprinted, at various times, the following volumes: — Recollections ola New Enj;land Housekeeper; Kecollections of a Southern Matron; Kuth Kajmoiid; or. Love's Projiress; Poetry of Travelling in the United States; Tales and Ballads; Verses of a Life- Time; Letters of l-^liza Wilkinson during tbi- Inva-sion of Chaileston. Also seveial volumes for youth, now collected in one, and recently published as Mrs. Gilman's GL1- Book." See Mrs. Hales Records of Women, N. Y., 1853, r. Svo. To this list must be added Oracles for Youth, 1854; Oracles from the Poets; and Sibyl; or, New Oracles from the Poets, 1554. Mrs. (Oilman is best known by the Recollections of a New England Housekeeper, and Recollections of a Southern Matron, of both of which there have been many editions. '■ Her works will long be valued for the spirit and fidelity with whi.h she has painted rural and domestic lil'e in the northern and in the southern states. Her Recollections of a New England Housekeeper and Recollections of a Southern Matron are equally happy, and both show habits of minute observation, skill in cha- racter-writing, and an artist-like power of grouping. They are also pervaded by a genial tone, and a true love of nature and good sense. . . . The poems of Mrs. Gil-'^in abound in e.xpressions of wise, womanly feeling, and are frefjuenUy marked by a graceful elegance of manner."' — Griswold's Female I'otls of America. See Glovkii, Mrs. Caroline H. Gilmau, Charles. Decisions Sup. Cts. of Indiana and Illinois, and Cir. Ct. U. S. for 7th Cir., Columbus, 1844, Svo. Gilmau, Samuel, D.D., b. 1701, in Gloucester, Massachusetts; entered Hnrvard College in 18li7, in the same class with N. L. Frothingham and Edward Everett lie graduated in ISll, and was, from 1817 to 1819, tutor in his college. In 1819 he was married to Miss Caroline How.ard, (see Gilman, Mrs. Caroline,) and removed to Charleston, South Carolina, where he remained until his death in 185S, as pastor of the Unitarian Church of that city. Dr. Gilman contributed many valuable papers to tho North American Review on the Lectures of Dr. Thomas Brown, a trans, of several of the satires of Boileau, Ac, and pub. other essays upon various subjects in the Boston Christian Examiner, the London Monthh- Repository, &c., together with discourses, biographies, essays, and transla- tions, which exhibit a wide range of knowledge and are "all executed with taste and scholarship." His Memoirs of a New England Choir, of which there have been three eds., has been greatly admired for the lone of humorous vivacity and graphic descriptivcness which distinguishes it He pub., in 1852, the Pleasures and Pains of a Student's Life, and, in 1856, a vol. entitled Contributions to Litera- ture, Critical, Humorous, Biographical, Philosophical, and Poetical. Noticed in N. Amer. Rev., July, LSofi, 271, by A, P. Peabody, D.D. Of his poems. The History of the Ray of Light, and his Poem read before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard College, are among the best-knowa, 673 GIL A review of some of Dr. Gihuan's sermons will be found in j the Boston Christian Disoiiile. iv. 33. See an interesting biographical sketch of Dr. (jilman in the Monthly Eoli- gious Magazine, Boston, April, 1S58. Also Dr. Burnap's Funeral Discourse. Gilmer, W. Cases Deoiiled in Ct, Appeals of Vir- ginia, 1K20 to 1821, Richmontl, 1S21, 8vo. Gilmour, Sir John, of Craigmill.ir. Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session from July, 1661, to July. 1666, Edin., 1701, 4to. Gilmour, Capt. Robt. 1. Lnthalre: a Romance, 181.=i. Svo. 2. The Battle of Waterloo ; a Poem, ISlfi, 8vo. Gilpin, Bernara, 1317-1SS:5, the "Apostle of the North," a native of Westmoreland, educated at and Fel- low of Queen's Coll., Oxf , became Vicar of Norton, Dur- ham, 1552, and subsequently Rector of Huughton-le- Spring. He refused the bishopric of Carlisle and the provostship of Queen's College. He embraced the prin- ciples of the Reformation with great ardour, and no man of his day was more famous for abundant labours, un- quenchable zeal, and holiness of life. 1. A Godly Serm., 1581. Also, aiiie aiiMi. 1. Serm., 16.'j0, 4to. Ills Life was written by Bishop Carleton, 1628, Ac. — see Words- worth's Eccl. Biog., iv. 367 : an article by Southey in the Quar. Rev., xxxi.x. 375 ; and his Life by his descendant. Rev. Wm. Gilpin, 1753. New ed., with Introduc. Essay by the Rev. Edward Irving. 1824, 12mo: 1830, l2mo ; 1854, Svo. "Thus died Bernitrd Gilpin, wlio, for his exemplary piety, labo- rious virtue, and unbounded beuevolenco, desenes to have his name transmitted to posterity with respect and i-everence, and who obtained — and most deservedly — among his contemporaries the title of the Northern Apostle." Gilpin, Bernard, Rector of Warmington, Warwick- shire. Accession Serm. on Judges xvii. 6, 1717, Svo. Gilpin, Bernard, Rector of St. Andrew, Hertford. Anthologia Sacra. Lon., 1832, Svo. Gilpin, Edw. Skialetheia; or, A Shadow of Truth in Certain Epigrams and Satyres, Lon., 1508, 16mo. Gilpin, George, brother of Bernard, Privy-Counsellor of Queen Elizabeth, and her ambassador at the Hague, negotiated Treaty of 1596. between her. Henry IV. of France, and the Dutch Republic ; trans, from the Dutch Alegambe's satire against P. See lliit. Ciit., 0. S., iv. 122. 8. Dialogues on the Amusements of the Clergy, 1797, 12mo. " Written under the assumed name of Dr. Frampton, hut really, as 1 believe, by the late Rev. William Gilpin, Vicar of Boldre. m the New I'orest. A olergvnian may derive from it, I am per- suaded, many valuable bints with respect to his amusements, and he will be amply repaid for the perus.al by the neatness and entertaining character of the composition, as well as by the general correctness of its sentiments."— £/<. Manfs Ckrgymalis ObUnatimis, p. 338. . , -v, ** Sound arguments ag.ainst many that are indefensible, and a pleading for those less objectionable."— i)!c/.frs/c//rs C. S. 9. Serms. preached to a Country Congregation. Vol. i., 1799; 3d ed., 1802; vol ii., 2d ed., ISOl ; vol. iii., 1S03; vol. iv., 1805. " We strongly recommend these discourses to the frequent perusal and tli'e careful imitation of the young clergy, espe- cially those who reside in the country. "—-Dr. Aikin's Annml Eevicw. n, /-, , 10. We class under one head a series of Mr. 6. s works generally sold together, the first issued of which. Forest Scenery, was pub. (first ed.) in 1791, 2 vols. Svo. Works on the Picturesque in Landscape Scenery and Gardening, in America, Phila., 1826-32. He is also the author of many ' comprising Observations and Artistical Remarks on the articles, literary and political, in the American Quarterly Picturesque Beauty of various Parts of England, ^J"'^'' Review and the Democratic Review, and some in the North and Scotland, in a Series of Tours and Essays, 1808, &c. American Review. A Large number of the Biographies of 1. Northern Tour, 2 vols. 2. Southern Tour, 1 vol. theSignersof the Declaration of Indeiiendenco were written 3. Western Tour, 1 vol. 4. Eastern Tour, 1 vol. 5. Scot- by him: and the .second edition of that colkcti..n was on- 1 tish Tour, 2 vols. 6. River Wye, Ac, 1 vol. 7. iorest tirely revised, enlarged with much fresh original matter, | Scenery, Ac, 2 vols. S. Five Essays: on 1 icturesque and edited by him. He has published biographical notices i Beauty, Travel, Landscape, Drawings, 1 vol. 9. 1 rints 674 GIL GIS and Early Engravers, 1 vol. Together, 12 vols. 8vo, 1808, &c., with 187 aquatiuta engravings. Pub. at £10 10s. Now (1856) worth about £3 10«. to £4 10»., accord- ing to condition. "A gentleman by whose pen and whose pencil I have been almost t'liually tlt.'li^hted, and who, with an originality that alwaya accompanies true genius, may be considered as having opened a new source of enjoyment in surveying the works of nature." — Green's Diary of a Lover of Literature. "All these works [Gilpin's Tours] display a deep and sincere judgment, and are written in a style approi)riate to the subject and worthy of the matter." — St^vensori's Voyages and T)-avelx. "Gilpin has described, in several justly-esteemed tours, the Picturesque Beauties of Great Britain. All his volumes arc ac- companied by engravings in aqnatint, executed by liimself with the tiiste and feelings of a painter. He has in some measure cre- ated a new kind of tour, which has found bail imitators every- where. All his works abound with ingenious n-tlections, proper to enrich the theory of the arts and to guide thf practice of them." — liiograp/iif- l~inre-r.ut..-fi les maxinie';: et la compilation de Olanville com- prciid toutes les ProcfiduifS propres it mettre ces moxlmes en GLA action. Ces denx oiiyrages rtunis suffisent pour inBtruire !l fond des coutumeset de roi-dre judicaire observes chez les anciens Nor- mauds." — M. IIouard. See tbe above authorities cited, and others referred to, in Marvin's Leg. Bibl. The Mirror declares that Glanvil was the inventor of tbe famous writ of Assize or De Novel Disseisin ; but other authorities affirm ibis to be more an- cient. Of tbe wurlis referred to above, Bi.shop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. must be specially consulted. Glanville, John. Articuli Fidoi Ecclesise Anglicanse, carmine exprcssi, Oxon., Tfil.'J, 4to. Glapthoiii, or Glaptliorne, Henry, a dramatic author (cmjj. Charles L 1. AlbertusWallenstein, Tr., Lon., 1634, 4to. 2. Argalus and Parthenia, Tr. Cora., 1639, 4to. 3. The Ladies' Privilege, 16411, 4to. 4. The Hollander, C, 1640, 4to. 6. Wit in a Constable, 1640, 4to. 6. The Para- side, N. P. 7. The Vestal, N. P. 8. The Noble Tryal, Tr. C, N. P. 9. The Dutchess of Fernandina, Tr., N. P. 10. Poems, to Lucinda, Ac, 1039, 4to. "Plays which I iirusume in those days past with good Approba- tion at" thi' dlulii' and Cock-pit Pliiyhouses; thn' I cannot agree with :\Ir. \^■installloy. [Knglish Poets, page 115.1 Tliatliewas onenf ike chufest I'ruinuti'c Puds ttfthis Agp,.'' — Lanffhainp's Dram. Poets. "Though his plays are now entirely laid aside, yet. at the time they were written, they met with considerable approbation and success." — Biijg. Dramat. " Glaptborne is certainly a better writer than a dramatist, more eloquent than impas.sioned. more poetii^al than pathetic, infinitely better qualified to describe than to feel, and to describe outward and visible tilings, than " ' To paint tbe finest features of the mind ; And to most subtle and mysterious things Give colour, stren-_'tb, and motion.'" Lon. Srirnsp. Bn:, x. 121-160, 1824. Glas, Adam. .Sorm., 1712, 8vo. Glas, or Glass, George. Hist, of the Canary Is- lands; from the Spanish, Lon., 1764, 4to. Also in Pinker- ton's Collec. of Voy. and Trav., vol. xvi. "The affinity of the Aborigines of these Islands to the American Tribes is one of the most interesting questions of ethnological science." Glas, or Glass, John, 1635-1773, a Scotch divine, a native of Dundee, was the founder of the Glassites, afterwards called, from his son-in-law, Robert Sandeman, Sandem.anians. See an account of their tenets, in Wil- son's Hist, of Dissent. Churches; Encyc. Brit,; and their own exposition, pub. in 1766. 1. Tbe Testimony of the Kingof Martyrs, 1727. New ed. See Ferries, Robert. "Mr. Glas was a minister of the Established Church in Scotland; but, for maintaining that theliingdomofChiist is not of this world, was expelled by a Synod. His sentiments are explained in his Testimony of the King of Martyrs, first published in 1729." — Evans's Sketch. " His tract. The Testimony of the King of Martyrs, though its leading argument may be disputed by many, contains some beau- tiful illustrations of the Bible."— Orme's Bihl. Bib. 2. Works, Edin.,1762, 4 vols. 8vo ; Perth, 1782, 5 vols. 8vo. "These works are chiefly controversial; but they contain fre- quent critical discussions of the meaning of Scripture which are worthy of attention. . . . The volume of Notes on Scripture texts shows that he possessed no inconsiderable portion of learning and critical sagacity. Glas's works also contain, wbat I do not know is to be found elsewhere, an English translation of the Discourse of Celsus."— Or??n's Bibl. Bib. Glas, or Glass, John, 1725-1765, a surgeon, and afterwards ship-master, son of the preceding, was mur- dered, with bis family, by part of the crew of a vessel, in which he was sailing from tbe Brazils to Loudon. A De- scription of Tcneriffe; with the Manners and Customs of tbe Portuguese who are settled there. Glascock, Capt. VV. N., R. N. 1. Tales of a Tar, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. Naval Service, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Naval Sketch-Book, 1S26, 2 vols. p. 8vo. " By far the greater part of these volumes must be utterly unin- telligible to all but naval men : to them it will afford a considerable treat; and as we were at sea ourselves, long ago, in our youth, we also can taste its humour perfectly. . . . Every word smells of pitch and tar; and really some parts of it are so well done, that, like the Panorama of Leith Roads, they are apt to make one a little qualmish." — Lon. Moiitldi/ Bev.. cix. 200-212. 4. Naval Sketch-Book, 2d Series, 2 vols. p. Svo. 5. Sailors and Saints, 1829, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1831. 6. Land Sharks and Sea Gulls, new ed., 1838, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 7. Naval Officer's Manual, 2d ed., 1848, p. Svo. New ed., 1854. Glascocke, T. Serm., 1702, 4to. Glascott, Cradock. Fast Serm., Lon., 1777, Svo. Glasier, Hugh. Serm. at Paides Crosse, 1555. Glass, Francis, educated in Philadelphia, taught school for some time in tbe interior of Pennsylvania, and in 1817 or 'IS removed to Miami county, Ohio, whore he performed the duties of aschoolmaster in different localities. An account of Mr. Glass will be found in Mr. Reynolds's preface to the following work by the former : Georgii Washingtonii, America^ Scptentrionalis Civita- tum Fsederatarum Prassidis primi, Vita, Francisco Glass, GLE A.M. Ohioensi, Literis Latinis conscript.n. Neo-Eboraco- poli, 1835, 12uio. Typis Fratrum Har|ierorum. A review of this work, by J. L. Kingsley, appeared in the N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 37-42. This elicited some anitnadversions in the Knickerbocker Mug., viii. 473, which were replied to by Mr. K. in the N. Amer. Rev., .xliv. 270-272. A notice of Glass's work will also be found in the South. Lit. Mess., ii. 52. Mr. Kingsley admits that tTlass " Is often happy in tbe choice of words and phrases, and pas- sages occur of terseness and strength; nor does the author seem to have been wanting in any thiug to make this work a worthy companion of the modern histoi-ies in tbe same language but a freer access to books and the advantages of a more correct and thorough criticism." But he thinks it his duty to add : "We doubt, however, whether this Life of Washington can be used to advantage in schools: certainly not without constant at- tention on the part of the instructor to point out its errors and defects."' — N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 43. The fairest advice which wo can offer to tbe intelligent reader is that he should read the articles pro and con. and then examine the work for himself. Glass, G. H. See Glasse. Glass, H. Servant's Directory, Lon., 1760, Svo. Glass, Samuel. Dropsy: Phil. Trans., 1746. Glass, Thomas, M.D. Med. treatises, 1742-75. Glasse, Capt. Hints for Officers, 1812, Svo. Glasse, Dr. Magistrate's Assist, 1784, Ac; 4th ed., ». a. Glasse, Henry George, d. 1809; presented to the living of Hanwcll, Middlesex, 17S5. He trans. Mason's Caractacns, 17S1, '83, and Milton's Samson Agonistes, 1788, into Greek verse; pub. Contemplations from the Sacred History, altered from the Works of Bishop Hall, 1793. 4 vids. 12ino; and Serms. Ac, 17S7-1805. Glasse, John. Poems, Lon., 1763, 4to. Glasse, Samuel, D.D., Rector of Wanstead, Essex, pub. a number of occasional serms., 1773-1803 ; an Expos, of tbe 10 Commandments, 1801, 12mo; Six Lects. on the Ch. Catechism, 1801, 12nio; and Lectures on the Holy Festivals, 2d ed., 1802, Svo. " These most excellent sermons on the Festivals convey very sound and pleasing iustruction. and iu every instance give you the most ;iuthentic account of the person who is the subject of the d:iy's celebration." — British Critic. Glassford, James, of Dougalston, Advocate. 1. Scot. Courts of Law, Edin.. 1812, Svo. 2. Evidence, 1820, Svo. 3. Enigmas, &c., 12mo. 4. Three Tours in Ireland, 1824- 26, 12mo. 5. Trans, of Lord Bacon's Latin Pieces, ISmo. 6. Covetousness brought to the Bar of Scripture, 1 837, p. Svo. "The subject is placed before us in so strong and impressive an aspect, and yet so entirely freed from all exaggeration of state ment, that we sincerely hope the treatise will meet with that ex- tensive circulation which the excellent talents and Christian worth of the author so eminently deserve." — Edin. Presh. Beview. 7. Metrical Versions and lUus. of Scripture. 8. Popular Education with ref. to Ireland, 1S3S, 12mo. 9. Lyrical Compositions from the Italian Poets, with translations, 1846, 12mo. The 2d ed. is greatly enlarged. The former edition was thus noticed in tbe Edinburgh Review: " We have been greatly pleased with this little volume, as much from its general character, as from the grace and polish of its exe- cution. It is evidently the production of one possessing a quick natural sensibility to natural beauty, improved by art and study, and no inattentive observer of the poetry of our times." Glazebrook, James, 1744-1803, a native of Ma- doley, Shropshire, Vicar of Belton, Leicestershire, and minister of St. James's, Latchford, Warrington. Serms. and Life, Warring., 1805, Svo. Glazier,Wm. Belcher, b. 1827, at Hallowell, Maine. Poems, Hallowell, 1S53, 12mo. Mr. G. has contributed to several periodicals. Gleig, Rt. Rev. George, LL.D., one of the Bishops of the Episcopal Church of Scotland; coadjutor to the Bishop of Brechin, 1808; preferred to the sole charge, 1810; Primus, 1816. 1. Supp. to the 3d ed. of Encyc. "Brit., Edin., 1801, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Occasional Serms., 1803, Svo. 3. A Charge, 1809, 4to. 4. Two Serms., Lon., 1814, Svo. 5. Staokbouse's Hist, of the Bible, corrected and improved, 1817, 3 vols. 4to. " With important corrections, and several valuable dissertations, which tended gi-eatly to increase its utility."— iforae's Bibl. Bih. See Stackhouse, Thomas. 6. Directions for tbe study of Theology, in a series of Letters from a Bishop to his son on his admission to holy orders, 1S27, Svo. "A learned and sensible guide, which appears to divide itself into three parts : 1. Of Natural Religion ; 2. Of the Foundation of Morals, viewed in reference both to their object and their author- ity ; and 3. Of the Doctrines which are peculiar to Christianity." — Loii'ndi's's E^it. Lib. Bishop Gleig contributed a number of articles to the Anti-Jacobin Review and to the British Critic. 677 GLE Gleig, George Robert, born in 171*5, a son of tho preceding, is one of tbe most voluminous writers of the day. He was educated at Oxford, which he left to join the army, then marching through the city for Lisbon; served in the Peninsula, (see the Subaltern.) and subse- quently in the campaign of Washington, where he was severely wounded; took holy orders; presented to the living of Ivy Church, Kent, 1822 ; Chaplain of Chelsea Hospital, 1844; Chaplain-General to the Forces, 1846; devised a scheme for the education of soldiers, and appointed In- spector-General of Military Schools. 1. The Subaltern, 1825, 12mo. 2. Allan Breck, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Chelsea Pensioners, 1829, ■40. 3 vuls. p. Svo; alsu in 1 vol. 12mo. 4. Serms., Doct. and Pract., 1830, 12mo. 5. Hist, of the Bible, 1830, '31, 2 vols. p. Svo. 6. Brit. Milt. Commanders, 1831, '32, 3 vols, fp. Svo. 7. Hist, of Brit. India, 1831-33, '48, 4 vols. 18mo. S. Country Curate, 1834, '49, 2 vols. p. Svo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 9. Soldier's Help to Divine Truth, 1S35, 12mn. 10. Chronicles of Waltham. 1835, 3 Tols. p. Svo. 11. Guide to the Lord's Supper, 1835, 12mo. 12. Family Hist, of Eug.. 1836, '54, 3 vols. 12mo. 13. The Hussar, 1S37, 2 vols. p. Svo ; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 14. Tra- ditions of Chelsea College, 1838, '48, 3 vols. p. Svo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 15. Visit in 1837 to Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 16. The Only Daughter, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 17. Life of Sir Thos. Munro, 3 vols. Svo, 2 vols. Svo, and new ed., 1849, 1 vol. p. Svu. 18. Hist, of Eng. for Schools. 3d ed., 1850, 12mo. 19. Veterans of Chelsea Hospital, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 20. Things, Old and New, r. Svo. 21. Memoirs of Warren Hastings, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 22. Serms. for Advent. Christmas, and the Epiphany, 1844, 12mo. 23. The Light Dragoon, 1844, '4S, '50, '54, 2 vols. p. Svo ; also in 1 vul. 12mo. 24. Milt. Hist, of G. Brit, 1845, 12mo. 25. Sale's Brigade in Af- ghanistan, 1846, p. Svo. 20. Campaigns of the Brit. Army at Washington and N. Orleans, 1814-15, 1847, p. Svo. 27. Story of the Battle of Waterloo, 1847, p. Svo. The reader should also peruse the Story of the Peninsular War. 28. Life of Lord Clive, 1848, 12mo. 29. School Series, 1850, Ac, in 18 vols. This series, composed of works by Mr. Gleig and other writers, comprises many valuable contributions to the interests of education. It is still (1854) in course of publication by Longman. 30. Leipsic Campaign, 1852, 12mo. It is unnecessary, after such a long catalogue of works, following each other in rapid succession, to say that Mr. Gleig is a very popular writer. Without entering into any detailed examination of his merits or demerits, we cannot avoid entering a protest against his zealous advocacy of one of the most uuscru- pulous, cruel, and remorseless wretches who ever disgraced humanity in general, and the British name in particular — ■ Warren Hastings. Mr. Gleig's Life of Hastings forms a proper companion to Abbott's Life of Napoleon. We can say nothing more condemnatory of both. To prove that we **do well to be angry" with the Chaplain-General's re- markable production, entitled The Memoirs of Warren Hastings, we shall fortify our position by a brief extract from an eminent critic, who adds to his multifarious eru- dition an intimate acquaintance with East India Affairs : "This book seems to have been manufai-tured in pursuance of a contract, by which tbe representatives of Warren IListings, on the one part, bound themselves to furnish papers, and Mr. Gleig, on the other part, bound himself to fui-nish praise. It is but just to say that the covenants on both sides have been most faithfully kept; and the result is before us in the form of three big bad vo- lumes, full of undigested correspondence and undiscerning pane- gyric. If it were worth while to examine this performance in detail, we could easily make a long article, by merely pointing out inaccurate statements. inele;.';ant expressions, and immoral doc- trines. But it would be idle to waste criticism on a bookmaker; and, whatever credit Mr. Gleig may have justly earned by former works, it is as a bookmaker, and notbio'^ more, that he now comea before us. More eminent men thmi Mr, Chig have written nearly esillashe. when they have st Ml. ppd to similar drudgery. It would, he unjust to estimate Goldsuiith by the History of Greece, or Scott by the Life of Napoleon. Mr. Gleig is neither a Goldsmith nor a Scott; but it would be unjust to deny that he is capable of some- thing better than these memoirs. It would also, we hope and believe, be unjust to charge any Christian minister with the guilt of deliberately maintaining some propositions whifh we find in this work. It is not too much to say, that Mr. Gleig has written several passages, which bear the same relation to tbe Prince of Machiavelli that the Prince of Machiavelli bears to the Whole Duty of Mao, and which would excite amazement in a den of robbers, or on board of a schooner of pirates. But we are willing to attribute these offences to haste, to thoughtle.S'sness, and to that disease of the understanding which may be called the Furor Biographicus. and which is to writers of lives what the goitre is to an Alpine shepherd, or dirt^eating toa Negro slave." — T. B. Macaulw: RUn. Rev.. Oct. 1841 ; and in his MiscellanieSy undfr tfu; title of Warren JlasHngs. We have already referred to Mr. Gleig's Memoir in our 678 GLI article on Edmund Burke, pp. 292, 29.'?, and perhaps in other parts of this volume. Mr. Gleig's sermons have been higHly commended. Essays, Biographical, Historical, and Miscellaneous, contributed chiefly to the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, 1858, 2 vols. cr. Svo. A notice of Mr. G., with a portrait, will be found in Eraser's Magazine, x. 282. Glemham, Charles. Prayers, Lon., 1569, Svo. Gleii) A. Assize Serm., 1781, Svo. Glen, John, Minister of the Chapel in Portobello. A Treatise on the Sabbath, Edin., 1822, 12mo. '■ A very excellent work on a most importiint subject." — Chris. Jtfcnler. "This is a history of the institution of the Sabbath, and of the change as to the time of its being kept. It is written with becom- ing earnestness, and in its historical account is sufficiently inte- resting." — Lon. A>io Atunthly Magazine, No. IS. Glen, John King. Poems, Lou., 1752, Svo. Glen, W'm, Treat, on the Bills of Exchange, Pro- missory Notes, and Letters of Credit in Scotland, Edin., ISOr. Svo; 2d ed., 1824. "The references in the first edition are almost wholly to Scotcn decisions, but in thia to both Scotch and English."— Marvin. Glen, Wm. C. Legal publications, Lon., 1846-58. Glenbervie, IjOrd* See Douglas, Sylvester. Gleneuiru, Isabella. A Representation of the Case of the Counters of GUncairn, 1812. Glenie, James, 1750-1817, a Scotch mathematician, and a lieut. in the artillery, paid much attention to forti- fications, and pub. The Hist, of Gunnery, Edin., 1776, and a number of mathemat, and other works. He also con- tributed mathemat. &c. papers to Phil. Trans., 1776, '77, and to Trans. Soc, Edin., 1796, 1812, *15. Glenorchy, Willielma, Viscountess, 1741-1786. Her Life, with extracts from her Diary and Corresp., by T. S. Jones, D.D., minister of her chapel, Edinburgh, Edin., 1822, Svo. Gleuton, Fred. Widows, Ac. of Medical Men, 1792. Gliddon, George R., d. at Panama, Nov. 16, 1857, aged 50, U. S. Consul for Cairo, in Egypt, and twenty-tbreo years a resident of the Valley of the Nile, was a son of the late John Gliddon, U. S. Consul for Egypt. 1. Ancient Egypt: her Mimuments, Hieroglyphics, History, and Ar- chseology, and other Subjects connected with Hieroglyphic Literature ; 12th ed., Lon. and Phila., 1850, 4to ; new ed., Lon., 1853, imp. Svo. This work has elicited commenda- tion from many quarters. 18,000 copies were circulated in America in less than three years. Mr. Gliddon's Lectures upon the subjects discussed in this work have been attended by large audiences in various parts of the I'nited States. A notice of Gliddon's Egypt, by Rev. A. B. Chapin, will be found in tbe Amcr. Bib. Rep., 2d S., x. 1^4. 2. Appeal to the Antiquaries of Europe on the Destruction of the Mo- numents of Egypt. 1841, Svo. " Mr.Gliddon,in this cleverly-written publication, brings forward matter of very great importance to all who admire antiquity, or who are interested in history. lie appeals to the Antiquaries of Europe on behalf of the Monuments of Egypt. If they do not step forward for the preservation of Egj-ptian Monuments, in a very few years travellers may save themselves the trouble of a journey beyond the preciucts of the Lritish and Continental Mu- seums. We heartily recommend his work to the public." — Lon. Citi/ Chrvnide. 3. Discourses on Egyptian Archaeology. Lon., Svo. 4. A Memoir on the Cotton of Egypt, 1841, Svo. '•This Memoir was drawn up at the suggestion of the lion. Levi Woodbury, late Secretary to the Treasury of the United States, at Cairo. Here are, in a very few pages, a complete treatise on tho History and Manufacture of Cotton in Egypt, acd of the dreadful system under whiih the wretched Fellkh is compelled to produce it. They who feet alarmed at the apparition of a blue-book, and its crowded folio of details, will find a useful analysis, as well as an original essay of great value, in Mr. Gliddon's Memoir." — ion. Atlas. 5. Otia Egyptiaca, 1S49, Svo. Mr. Gliddon also trans. Henry Venel's Chronos, and pub., Phila., 1854, 4to, in con- junction with J. C. Nott, M.D., of Mobile, The Types of Mankind; or, Ethnological Researches, Ac, consisting in part of inedited papers of Saml. George Morton, M.D., and contributions from Prof. L. Agassiz, LL.D., W. Usher, M.D., and Prof. H. S. Patterson, M.D. The remainder of the work is by Dr. Nott and Mr. Gliddon. "Whether this monument will turn out to be *fere perennius,' or whether it will crumble to pieces under the somewhat severe weathering which it will most assuredly receive from European Ethnologists, is more than we will venture to prophesy. In any case, the Types of Mankind appears to us to be by far the most elaborate efficient brief which has yet been drawn up for the use of those who plead on the side of the original diversity oi human races. Its writers are, at any rate, thorough-paced, and shrink before none of the consequences of their own logic." — Wa.tunnster Revieiv, July, 1S54, 131-134. A Notice of the Types of Mankind, by John Bachman, GLI GLO D-D., of Cliarleston, S. C, was pub. in that city, in 1S54- 55; and the work has been reviewed in several other quarters. -It [Dr. Bachman's Notice] is in tone dignified, gentlemanly, and at the same time excoriatiug. . . . The shallowness and posi- tive ignorance of Nott. and the empty pretence of Gliddon, are shown up. and these men are left without muoh to boast of A-'aPsiz does nut. with his hasty and crude conclusions, figure to much advantage, and we are sorry to say. that by an inevitable necessity, the reputation of Morton is damaged. . . . Where are the 'Typesof Mankind' now? Sinking lower and lower. . . . The Presbyterian Quarterly Review for Septeml>er [1854] contains an able and searchiug review of the -Types of Mankind,' recently ushered to the world by Messrs. Gliddon and Nott. It is at once instructive and amusing to see these gentlemen under the dis- seoting-knife of a scholar, who not only exposes the malignity of their shallow science, but their utter unfitness in point of scbolar- sbip to dabble in the orii^'inal languages of the Scriptures. Mr. Gliddon, especially, pretends to a critical acquaintance with the Hebrew text, and his pretension might have passed current had he not ventured on proofs of his critical acumen; but alas for him! he has written a book which has enabled bis learned readers to detect his miserable shallowness. . . . Our own estimate of the 'Types of Mankind' has already been laid before our readers. A further examination of the book has only temled to confirm our first impressions. As a work, of science it is wortliless; full of pre- tension, and yet full of ignorance and contradiction." — Lyman CuLEMAN, D.D. : Phila. Presbi/tenan. '•It did not take long to satisfy ourselves that Mr. Gliddon's exposition of Genesis xi., being a compilation without complete- ness, arrangement, or any philosophical method whatever, has no claim to be regarded as a literary work It is not to our taste or inclination to rest content with condemning Mr. Gliddon's lucu- brations in general terms. To express our sense of their character, we can find no epithets which have not lost their force from his profuse mis;ipplication of them. Our duty requires us to enter into parti<-ulars to refute bis arguments, if such bis assertions may be called, from A to Z, as he is mistaken all through. It is a humiliating task, to be sure, to refute a work, which, to every Hebraist, carries its own refutation on the face of every page." — Boston Chi~is. Examiner. Rt. Rev. Dr. Alouzo Potter, Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the diocese of Pennsylvania, remark-s with re- ference to the flippant sneers which some controversialists obtrude into discussions upon the truth of the Scriptures: '* We must confess, however, that we have never, in the whule extent of our reading, met any thing which, in this respect, is so offensive to good taste and to the first principles of Inductive Philosophy, as the elaborate work receutly given to the world under the" title of Types of ManK-ind. Written under the influ- ence of avowed prejudices against certain races of men, and de- scending to the use of caricature in order to bring them into dis- repute, it stops at hardly any thing which can cast reproach on Scripture. No jests are too coarse, no revilings too bitter or con- temptuous, no special pleading too perverse. It is mournful to find that such names as those of Morton and Agassiz are destined to go down to posterity associated with such unseemly exhi- bitions of spite and intolerance. A cenotaph to Morton, one of the calmest and most dignified philosophers that any age or country has seen, should be stained by no scurrility, defamed by no violence. It is an insult to his memory to suppose that he could have desired his unpublished writings to Im- given to the world, in close connection with an attack on the Bible the ma- levolence of which is only equalled by its impotence." — Introdnc- tirni to Lectures on the Evidences of Christianitj/y delivered in Phila., 1853-54, Phila., 1S55. 8vo. See Historical Magazine. (Xew York,) Jan. 1S58, 32. Glingall, Richard Butler, Earl of, 1794-1858, an Irish peer, author of the Iri:!;h Tutor, a Farce; The Follies of Fashion, a Comedy : and other dramatic works of some merit. At one time, he wrote largely for the Age and other Conservative London journals. Glisson, Francis, M.D.. 1597-1077, President of the London College of Physicians, was in great repute for professional learning. 1. Tractatus de Rachitide seu Morbo Puerili Rickets Dicto, Ac. Lon., 1650, '(10, 8vo. In Eng- lish, by Philip Armin, 1651, 8vo. By Culjiepper, 1C6S, 12mo. See Bate, ticoRGE, M.D. 2. Anatomia Hepatis, Ac, 1654, 8vo ; Amst., 1659, 8to ; 1669. fol. ; Hague, 1681, 12mo; Genev., 1685. Also in the Collec. of Mongeters. 3. De Naturte Substantia Ener- getica, Ac, Lon., 1672, 4to. 4. Tractatus de Vcntriculo et Intestinis, Ac, 1676, 4to ; Amst., 1677, 12mo ; Genev., 1685, fol. ; Lugd. Bat., 1691, 12mo. Opera Medica Ana- tomica, 1691, 3 vols. 12mo. '' This worthy doctor, to whose learned lucubrations and deep dis- quisitions in physic not only Great Britain, but remoter kingdoms, owe a particular respect and veneration." — Wimd's FaM Oxon. See Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med.; Birch's Hist. Roy. Soc. Glisson, >Vm., and Gulston, Ant. The Common Law Epitomized, etc., Lon., 1679, 8vo. " This was formerly called common law epitomized, &c., without a nanu., 1661, and it was first entitled Survey of the Law, Ac, 1659 [Svo]."— ^'/ar/.e's BUd. Leg. Glossy, Saml., M.D. Diseases, Lon., 1763, 8vo. Gloster, Arch., M.D., of St. John's, Antigua. Cure of Tetanus and Lock Jaw. by amazing quantities of Opium. Tran3. Amer. Soc, i. 379. See Robert of Gloc- Gloucestcr, Robert of. CEKTKll. Glover. Tracts on Trade. Lon., 1774, 75^ Svo. Glover, 3Irs. Caroline II., a daughter of Rev. Dr. Saml. and Mrs. Caroline Gilman, was born in Charleston, 1823; married in 1340. She was left a widow in 18-16, and has since that period resided with her parents. She id known as the author of many contributions to periodi- cals, consisting of juvenile literature. Ac, under the signa- ture of Caroline Howard, Vernon Grove, N. York, 1858. Glover, Fred. Serm., L(tn., 1841, 8vo. Glover, Henry. Serms., 1663, '64, 4to. Glover, Phillips. Theolog. Lett, to Rev. Dr, "Water- land, 1734, 8vo. Glover, Richard, 1712-1785, a native of London, and a merchnut of that city, was one of the best Greek scholars and most famous poets of his day. He was edu- cated at the school of Cheam, in Surrey, and whilst tbere wrote, in his 16th year, his poem to the memory of Sir Isaac Newton, appended by Dr. Henry Pemberton, in 1728, to his View of Newton's Philosophy. In 1760 Glover became a member of Parliament, and for many years enjoyed considerable political influence. 1. Leuni- das; a Poem, Lon., 1737, 4to ; 1738, Svo. It passed thi-ough 4 eds. in 1737-38. 5th ed., extended from It to 12 books, 1770, 2 vols. 12mo. With plates, 1798, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 24mo. This poem — now almost entirely neg- lected — which celebrates the defence of Thermopylae, was enthusiastically applauded, both for its poetry and politics : "The whole plan and purpose of it beiii^ to show the superi- ority of freedom over slavery ; and how mueh virtue, public spirit, and the love of liberty are preferalde. both in their nature and eEfects, to riches, luxury, and thy insuleuce of power."' — Lord Ltttelton: in f.hmmon .Sense. 2. London, or the Progress of Commerce ; a Poem, Lon., 1739, 4to. 3. Hosier's Ghost, 1739. This poem, written to excite the nation against the Spaniards, became very popular. It was composed whilst Glover was a visitor at Stowe; and there is an amusing anecdote connected with its composition, in which Lady Temple's tulips bear a prominent part. 4. Application to Purl. rel. to Trade, 1751, Svo. 5. Boadiceaj a Tragedy, 1758, Svo. This piece was performed fur nine nights, but seems to have disappointed Glover's friends. 6. Medea; a Tragedy, 1761, 4to. "Written on the Greek model, and therefore unfit for the mo- dern stajre." 7. Jason ; a Tragedy, 1799. Svo. Never acted, and, the Biog. Dramat. says, never pub. "As it required .'^cenery of the most expensive kind, it never ■was exhibited." — Biog. Dramat. 8. The Atheniad; a Poem, 17S7, 3 vols. 12mo. This is a continuation of Leonidas. "The Atheniad ought always to accompany the Leonidas. Mr. Chalmers censures it, because, he siiys. the events of history are so closely followed as to give the whole the air of a poetical chro- nicle. To this opinion we may oppose the fact of having ourselves lejieatedly perused it in early youth, for the interest which the story continually excited. Glover endeavoured to imitate the ancients, but wanted strength to support the severe style which he had chosen. He has. however, many and great merits; this especially auionp others, that instead of treading in the sheep- track wherein the writers of modern epics, till his time, servum peciis, had gone one after the other, he framed the stories of both his poems according to their subject, without reference to any model, or any rule but that of propriety and good sense." — Lon. Quar. Bev.. .xi. 498. 4"J9. " His Leonidas acquired extraordinary populatity in its day. and appear.s. like the pseudo-Ossian, to have obtained a higher, or, at least, a more lasting, reputation on the continent, than in its own country; where, however, it still retains its rank as an English classic. . . . The Atheniad was intended as a sequel to Leonidas, and embraces the remainder of the Persian war, from the death of Leonidas to the battle of Platea. It was the work of the author's old age, and its defects are, in part, attributable to the circum- stance of its not having received his finishing hand. In this latter performance, accordingly, the abilities of the author shew themselves more matured, a^nd his peculiar properties more fully developed.*' — Lmi. Betrosp. Bev., ii. 105-133, 1S20. In 1813, Svo, was pub., from a Diary or part of a Diary, written by Glover. Memoirs of a distinguished Lit. and Polit. Character, from 1742-57, &c.; and in 1S15 appeared an Inquiry, &c. rel. to these Memoirs, designed to prove that Glover was the author of the Letters of Junius. To these publications we shall refer in our article on JuNIUS. A writer in the Edin. Rev. remarks: "The sole value of the Memoirs of this vulgar, bustling, self- important politician, consists in the particulars he has given of some privatedeliberationsof opposition to which he was admitted.** But see this same periodical, xxii. 475-4S4. " A portion of this history has lately been made public, and it is as interesting as any thing can be which relates to the politics of such unimportant times. . . . We should rejoice if this inquiry [see ante] should bring forth more of bis remains, and lead to a 679 GLO GOD collected edition of the works of an author who. though too highly extolled in bis own day, must ever hold a respectable rank among the English poets." — Lon. Quar. Iter., xi. 498. 499. See Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets, ISIO; Chal- mers's liiog. Diet.; art. in Lon. Gent. Mag., bj Dr. Brock- lesby. Glover, Robert, 154.3-15SS, a native of Ashford, Kent, was first made Portcullis Pursuivant, and in 1571 Somerset Herald. 1. De Nobilitate pulitiea vel civili. 'Oub. by his nephew, Thos. Milles. Lon., 1608, fol. 2. A Catalogue of Honour, 1610. fol. This refers to the Eng- lish nobility. It was also pub. by T. Milles. " Being the first work in that kind, he therein traced untrodden paths; and therefore no wnuder if such who since succeeded liiiu in that sulijoct have found a nearer way. and exceed him in accu- rateuess tlierein." — Fulli^y's M'>rt/nfs nf Kt-itt. Edniondson's Complete Body of Heraldry (vol. i.) con- tains Glover's Ordinary of Arms, augmented and improved. He wrote an answer, never pub., to the Bishop of Ross's book, asserting Mary Queen of Scots' claim to the crown, assisted Camden in his pedigrees for the Britannia, and engaged in other literary labours. See Noble's Coll. of Arms; Oent. Mag., Lxiii. .311; Fuller's Worthies. Glover, Thomas, Surgeon. Aeet. of Virginia; Phil. Tr.ins., 1676. Mr. G. gives an account of "a most prodi- gious creature," half fish and half man, which appeared to him in the water of the Rappahannock. Whether this occurred bel'ore or after dinner, we are unable to state. Glover, Serjt. W. Practical Treat, on the Law of Municipal Corporations, Lon., ISil, 8vo. This treatise is preceded by a Historical Summary of the ancient and mo- dern Corporate System, «fee. Glover, Wm. Serm. on James iv. 1. Glyii, Thomas C, and Robert S. Jameson. Rep. Casesin Bankruptcy,! 820-28, Lon., 1821-28, 12 vols. r. 8vo. Glynn, John, Proceedings on the King's Commission of the Peace, Jtc, Lun., 1775, 4to. Glynn, Robert, M.D., d. 1800, a native of Cambridge, Fellow of Queen's Coll. The Day of Judgment, a Poetical Essay, Lon., 1757, Ito. This obtained the Seatonian prize in 1757. "Tho' the Author, in his Fjrordimn, modestlv disclaims any poetical power, many parts of the sequel, and, indeed, the poem taken altogethei-. will dispose his Readers to dissent agreeably from bis self-dimdence."— ion. Mmtli. I/ei'., Nm. 1767. Goad, Christopher, Fellow of King's Coll.. C.amb. Refreshing Drops and Scorching Vials, Lon., 1653, 4to. New ed., 1827, 12mo. '* When on his Sermons we but cast our eye And in so plain a dress such beauty spy, A native splendour, which not tiuctuiMl is With skill or art, we can experience this: That treasures in an earthen ves.sel lie, And we a burning, shining light descry In camel's h.Tir attiied." Goad, John, 1615-16S9, an eminent classical teacher and divine, a native of London, Vicar of St. Giles, Cxf., 1643; of V am ton, 1646; head-master of Merchant Taylors' school for nearly twenty years. 1. Serm., 166.3. 4to. 2. Serm., 1C64, 4to. 3. Genealogicon Latinum, 2d ed., 1676, 8vo. 4. Astro-Meteorologia, 1680, fol. Founded on thirty years' experience. 5. Auto-didactica, 1690, Svo. 6. Astro-Meteorologia sana, 16510, 4to. "A learned and religious person." — Athen. Oron. '■(iooduess inspire me, while I write of one. Who was all goodness; but alas! he's gone.*' Jakes Wright, iibi supra. Goad, Thomas, D.D., d. 1638. God's Decrees, 1601. Goadby, Henry, M.D. A Text-Book of Vegetable and Animal Physiology, N.Y., 1858, Svo. See N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858, (by A. P. Peabody. D.D.) Goadby, J. Observ. on the Art of War, 1809. Goadby, Robert, d. 1778, a printer of Sherborne, Dorsetshire, was author of The Universe Displayed, The Life of Bamfylde Moore Carew, The King of the Beggars, &C., and edited An Hlustration of the Holy Scriptures, by Notes and Explications, Ac, Sherborne, 1759-64, 3 vols, fol.; frequently reprinted. 10th ed. of the N. Test., a. «., serf circa 1800, fol. " It contains many judicious notes ; . . . but, while it seems to be orthodox, is written entirely on the Arian hypothesis."— Dk. A. Clarke. *' The false and erroneous interpretations contained in this work were forcibly and ably exposed by the Rev. Walter Sellon, in his Remarks upon certain pasMges in a work entitled an Illustration of the Holy Scri|>lures. London. 1765, 12mo."—Hr,rne's Bibl. Bil: Gobat, Rt. Rev. Samuel, D.D., Bishop of the Church of England in Jerusalem. Jour, of a Three Years' Residence in Abyssinia: with a brief Hist, of the Ch. in Abyss., Ijy the Rev. Saml, Lee, D.D., 2d ed., Lon., 1847, 8vo. God, John. A Discf.urse of the great Crueltie of a Widow, Ac, set forth in English Verse, lOmo. 6SU Godbold, N. Consumption, 1784, '87, Svo. Godbolt, John, Justice. Rep. Cases in the Cts. of flBtord, 1575-16:;8. Ed. by Win. Hughes, Lon., 1652, 4to. "Uodl'Olt. tJoldsborotigh, and March, mean reporteis, but uot to he rejected." — Niirt/i's Stu. Liiw. 'li. Goddam, or Voddam, Adam, an Englishman. Super iv.librosSentenliarum. Par.,ap. J. Barbier, 1512, fol. Goddard, Austin Parke, Knight of the Militarv Order of St. Stephen. The Hist, of Italy, 1490-1532. In 20 books. From the Itnlian of Guicciardini, Lon., 1755- 69, 10 vols. Svo. See Fenton, Sm Geoffhey. For an account of the edits, of Guicciardini's Hist, of Italy, see Disraeli's Curiosities of Lit. ; Iloscoe's Leo the Tenth; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Brunei's Man., Ac. This is supposed to be one of the works studied by Shakspeare. Guicciar- dini is high authority : ''The historical wjitings of Guicciardini have not only entitled their author to the indisputable precedence of all tbi- historians of Italy, but have placed him at least on a level with those of any age or of any country." — Jiofcoes Life of Leo the Tenth. '' We have finished the twentieth and last book of Guieciardini's history; the most authentick I believe (may I add, I fear) that ever was composed. I believe it, because the historian was an actor in his terrible drama, and personally knew the principal per- formers in it ; and I fear it. because it exhibits the woful picture of society iu the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.'" — Sir Wm. Jones. '* This work is unquestionably, in respect to the importance and authenticity of its matter, the most valuable part of the annals of Itjily that has ever been written." — Mills. "I should not scruple to prefei- Guicciardini to Thucydides in every respect." — Lord BoLlNoanoKE. "This historian represents man in his darkest colours. Their drama is teriific. The actors are monsters of perfidy, of inhu- manity, and inventors of crimes which seem to want a name. They were all princes of darkness, and that age seemed to afford a triumph to Manicheism. 'I'he worst passions were called in by all parties." — Disraeli. " The predominating love of narrative, more especially when the exploits of a favourite nation weie the sul ject, rendered this book very popular; and it came recommended to the public bv a title- page which promised almost the entertainment of a romance." — Warto.v. Goddard, Charles, D.D., Archdeacon and Preb. of Lincoln. 1. Serm., Lon.. 1822, Svo. 2. Eight Serms. at B.Tmpton Lect,, 1823, Oxf., 1824, Svo. 3. Serms. and Charges. 1838, sm. 4to. Goddard, James. Case between the Managers of the Royal Family Privateers. Ac, Lon., 1756. Goddard, Jonathan, M.D., 1617-1674, a physician, chemist, botanist, and promoter of the Roy.al Society. 1. Observ. cone, a Tree, Lon.. 1664, fol. 2. The Fruit Trees' Secrets, 1664, 4to. 3. Discourse on Physic, 1669, '70, '78, 4to. 4. Chemical, Ac eon. to Phil. Trans., 1676. His recipes. Arcana Goddardiana, were pub. at the end of the Pharmacopoiia Bateann, 1691. His memory was long preserved among doctors and patients by the Goddard Drops. Bishop Ward says that Goddard was the first Englishman who made the telescope. The following not« will please the bibliomaniac: " He was master of a most curious library of books, well and richly bound." — Athen. Oxon. See Biog. Brit.; Ward's Gresham Prof.; Birch's Hist, of the Roy. Soc. Goddard, Paul B., M.D., an eminent physician of Philadelphia, b. Jan. 26, 1811, iu Baltimore. 1. On the Arteries, 12 plates. Phila.,4to. 2. On the Nerves, 12 plates, 4to. 3. The Anatmny, Physiology, and Pathology of the Human Teeth, with the most approved Methods of Treat- ment. Aided in the practical part by Joseph E. Parker, Dentist; 30 plates, 1844, 4to; 1849; N. York, 1854, 4to. 4. A System of Hum.an Anatomy, General and Special, by Erasmus Wilson. M.D. Edited by P. B. G. 4th Amer. from the last Lon. ed., Svo; nearly 000 pp., with 250 illust. 5. The Dissector; or, Prac. and Surg. Anatomy, by Eras- mus Wilson, M.D. Modilied and rearranged by P". B. G.; 2d ed., improved, large 12mo, pp. 440, with over 100 wood- cuts. 6. Practical Treatise on Midwifery, by F. J. Moreau. Ed. by P. B. G.; SO plates, Phila., 1844, Svo. 7. Illustra- tions of Syphilitic Disease, by Philip Ricord, 50 plates. Ed. by P. B. G., 1851, Svo. 8. The Iconographic portion of Rayer on the Skin. 1845. 9. Ashwell on Diseases of Fe- males. Ed. by P. B. G., 1850, Svo. Goddard, Peter Stephen, D.D., d. 1781, Preb. of Peterborough, and of St. Paul's; Fellow of Clare Hall, Camb., 1727; Master, 1762. His popularity as a preacher was so great that he was known .as " The Young Tillotson." 1. Serm., 1746, Svo. 2. Serm., 1759, 8vo. 3. Serm., 1759. 4. Serm., 1759. 5. Serm., 1769, 4lo. 6. Serm.s., 1781, Svo. Goddard, Philip, of Beneham. Serm., 1714, Svo. Goddard, Thomas. Miscellanea, Lon., 1661, 4to. Goddard, Thomas. Plato's Demon, Lon., 1684, Svo. This is an answer to Pluto's Redivivus. GOD GOD Goddarcl, Thomas, Canon of Windsor. 1^. Occas. Sei-Qis.. 170;i-10. 5. Six Serms., 1715. 6, 7. Letters, 1710, Ac. Goddard, Thomas, Rector of Swell, Somersetshire. Reformation of the Liturgy j a Serm. on Jno. xviL 3, 1772, 8vo. Goddard, Wm. 1. A Neaste of Waspes, Dort, 1615, ■Ito. 2. Doi^s from the Antipodes, in 41 Satyrs, 4to. 3. A Mastif- "Whelp. This consists of 126 Satyrs. Boswell, 975, £9 9s. 4. A Satyrieall Dialogue: or, a sharplye inuectiue Conference hetwecne Alexander the great and that trulye Woman-hater Diogynes. Imprinted in the Lowe Countryes for all such Gentlewomen as are not altogether idle nor yet well occupyed, 4to. In this work the ungallant author has the temerity to attack the gentler sex. It is not unlikely that he was a captious old hachelor, who deserved to re- main i-n. Goddard, Wm., d. 1817, at Providence, R. I., in his 78th year, was connected with the newspaper press in various parts of the United States. In 1762 he commenced the Providence, R. Island, Gazette ; in 17(57 he established the Pennsylvania Chronicle, Phila. ; in 177^^ he commenced the Maryland Journal at Baltimore, whitdi he relinquished in 1792, and subsequently resided in Rhode Island. He was at one time connected with the publication of Parker's Journal in New York. An interesting acc<)unt iif Goddard will be found in Thomas's Hist, of Printing. His claim to a place in our volume is founded on the fact of his having pub. a Hist, of the Penn. Chronicle, 1770. He married a Miss Angell, of Providence, and the name of the lady sug- gested to a friend of the groom the b-nt nwt that Goddard had "taken an angel for his wife." It would appear, therefore, that wit is not entirely a recent invention. AVhether Mr. Goddard's facetious friend deserved the com- mendation of Barrow — "It seemeth to argue a rare quickness of parts, that one can fetch in remote conoits applicable: a notable skill, that he can dexterously accommodate them to the purpose before him" — we shall not stop to inquire. Goddard, Wm. Giles, d. at Providence, R. I., 1846, aged 52, son of the preceding, was in 1S25 appointed Prof, of Moral Philos. and Metaphysics in Brown University; the title of the Professorship was in 1S34 changed to that of Belles-Lettres. Prof. G. resigned his post, in consequence of ill health, in 1842. He pub. an Address before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Brown University, on The Value of Liberal Studies; a Sketch of the first president. Man- ning; an Address on the death of Wm. Henry Harrison, Pres. U. States; and a Discourse on tlie Change of the Civil Govt, of R. Island in 1843. From 1814 to 1825 he was proprietor and editor of The Rhode Island American, a paper pub. at Providence. Goddard, Wm. Stauley, D.D., 1757-1S45, Rector of Repton, Herby. 1. Serm. on the Visit, of the Bishop, Winches., 1811. 8vo. 2. Serm. at the Consec. of Bp. How- ley, Lon., 1814, 4to. Godden, Thos., D.D., Preb. -in-Ordinary to her Ma- je^rty. 1. Serms., 1686. 2. Serms., 1686, 4to. See Cath. Serms., 1741. Godet, Gylles- Genealogie of the Kinges of England, 1560-62, fol. Kings from Brute to Elizabeth. ''Of this very mre and curious book no other copy is known, but that at Althorp."— Z/(7posed to be the first dramatic work written in America. The Court of Fancy, a Poem, Phila., 1763, 4to, was evi- dently written with an eye to Chaucer's House of Fame. A vol. of his Poems — many of which had already ajipeared in the American Mag. — was pub. by Godfrey's friend, N. Evan.-, in 1767, 4to, pp. 224. Godliiilus. 1. The Book of Knowledge of Things Unknown, 8vo, 2. The same, with the Husbandman's Practice and the Shepherd's Prognostication, 1688, 8vo. "The pi-ognosticationsof the weather from astrologic;il observa- tions do not now attract any notice, and this book does not con- tain aijy piactical matter." — Doimli/son's AgricuU. Biog. Godkiii, James, formerly a R. Catholic. 1. Apos- tolic Christianity; or, Antidote against Romanism and Puseyism, Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. Touchstone of Orthodoxy, 1842," 12mo. 3. Guide to tho Church of Christ; 3d ed., 1S46. Svo. Godley, Johu Robert. Letters from Canada and the United States, Lou., 1S44, 2 vols. p. Svo. '•The production of a sensible and enlightened traveller, who is evidently concerned to do justice to the pL-i-pIe whom he describes, and to fninish useful information." — Lon. E'.'hctic Hf.o. "• Fnr thi- impartiality which he everywhere exhibits, he deserves all the riiitil lh:it he claims. Here, then, is at least one English book of whiih thy Americans cannot reasonably complain.'' — Lan. AfhaKviim. '■The farming or emigration prospects and practicabilities of Canada are what most deeply interest English readers; and they will find here a good deal of information that bears every mark of being weli cousideied and judicious." — Tait's Edin. Mug. Godmau, Johu D., 1794-1830, a native of Annapolis, Maryland, was in his youth cmydoyed first as a printer, and subsequently as a sailor in the navy. In 1815 ho commenced the study of medicine, and attained a high rank in his profession, especially in the department of anatomy. He was also distinguished for his knowledge of natural history and the ancient and modern languages. After receiving his medical degree, he practised for some time in Philadelphia and ttther places, and in 1S21 was appointeil Prof, of Anatomy in the .Medical College of Cin- cinnati. In 1822 he removed to Phila., and fuur years later accepted a call to the Professorship of Anatomy in Rutgers Medical College, New York. Obliged by failing health to embark on a voyage to the '\Vest Indies, where he remained for a winter, he settled, on his return, at Ger- mantown, Penna., where he died of consumption, April 17, 1830. In addition to his work on American Natural History, Dr. Godman's principal works are — Anatomical Investi- gations ; American Natural History, commenced in 1823 and completed in 1S28, pub. in 3 vols. Svo; Acct. of some Irregularities of Structure and Morbid Anatomy ; Rambles of a Naturaii^rt; an edit, of Bell's Anatomy, with Notes; Trans, of Levasseur's Acct. of La Faj'ette's Progress through tho United States. He pub. many Addresses, delivered on various public occasions, contributed a number of articles to the American Quarterly Review and other periodicals, and wrote tho articles in the Encyc. Americana to end of the letter C. He established the Western Quarterly Reporter, projected by Dr. Drake, and for some time assisted in Dr. Chapman's Medical Journal, pub. in Philadelphia. For further particulars we must refer the reader to tho 681 GOD Mtmoir of Dr. Gorlman, by Thos. Sewall, M.D., Prof, of Anatomy and Pliydology in the Columbian College, Washington, D. C, 1S3U ; and a Review, by Dr. Lindsley, of this Memoir, in the N. Amer. Rev., xl. 87-99. Of God- man's American Natural History the reviewer remarks: •' We do not intend to chiini for this work very great merit. In Buch an enterpiisu. not to have SiiU-d is siitliiieut glory— especially when undertaken amidst such a uiultiplicitv of other engage- uicnts. . . . But notwithstanding all the disadvautaires under Mhi.-hDr. Godman laboured— notwithsfandins the paucity of ma- terials at his command from which to select, and the limited period he allotted to himself to prepare and arrange such as he could procure, he has produced a work which will confer honour on his industry, judgment and taleuts, and which is undoubt- edly superior to any previous puldicatiou on the s.ame subject. . . . ■\Ve_ consider Dr. Godman, in some respects, among the most extra- ordinary men that have adorned the medical protession of our ;ountry.'' Dr. Sewall's Memoir of Dr. Godman has been pub. as a tract by the American Tract Society, and has also been appended to the Amer. cd. of Newman Hall's Narrative of the Closing Scenes of the Life of Dr. Wm. Gordon. See GouDu.v. Wm., M.D. Both of these distinguished physicians were zealous professors of the Christian faith, and died rejoicing in its consolations. Godman, Wm. Serm. on Eccles. x. 17, 1660, 4to. Godolphin, John, 1017-1678, an eminent civilian, a native of Godolphin, in the island of Scilly, was edu- cated at Gloucester Hall, Oxf ; was constituted Judge of the Admiralty in 1653. and after the Restoration made King's Advocate. 1. The Holy Limbec, 1650, fol. 2. The Holy Harbour; a Body of Divinity, 1651, fol. From these treatises he is ranked among the Puritan writers. 3. Ad- miralty Jurisdiction, 1661, Svo; 2d ed., with addits., 16S5. The same, under the title of Laws, Ordinances, Ac. of the Admiralty, 1766-67, 2 vols. Svo. See 3 Mason's Rep. 245. 4. The Orphan's Legacy; a Testamentary Abridgt., Lon., 1674, '77, '85, 1701, 4to. 5. Rcpertorinm Canonicum; or, An Abridgt. of the Eccles. Laws, 167S, 'SO, "87, 4to. "Esteemed a learned man, and as well read in divinity as in his own laculty, as may lie seen in the books following' of his writing, [see Xos. 1 and 2.}"—Allirii. Oj-nii. Godolphin, Sydney, 1610-164.'!, a poet, a native of Cornwall, educated at E.xeter Coll., Oxf., fought in the King's army during the Rebellion, and was slain at Chag- ford, Devonshire. He wrote several original poems, and trans, the Lives of Dido and JJneas from Virgil, 135S. Svo. " I have known clearness of judgment and largeness of fancy, strength of reason and graceful elocution; a cour.age for the wfir. and a fear for the laws; and all enunently in one man; and that was my most noble and houour'd fiiend Mr. Sydn. Godolphin," &c. — Hobby's Lrviut/mn. " Sydn. Godolphin, who deserved all elogy that he gives of him," Ac— EiRL of Clake.ndon: Bri,-/ Vicwaitd Survci/ of Mobbes's Leviathan. " Thou'rt dead. Godolphin, who lov'dst reason true. Justice and peace; soldier belov'd. adieu!" — IIoBflRS. See an interesting account of Godolphin in Athen. Oxon. Godschall, Wm. M. Pl.an of Police, Lon., 17S7, Svo. God.'tkitll, James. Medicine. Lon., 1604, Svo. Godson, Kichard, M.P. Law of Patents for Inven- tions and of Copyright, 2d ed., Lon., 1840, Svo. Supp., 1844. New supp., by Peter Burke. 1851, Svo. '• The author was the flrst English writer to publish a methodi- cal treatise upon this comparatively new departmoit of the law. He has given a general and accurate analysis of the Cases, and presented the whole learning upon a subject no less difficult than import-int, in a very attractive manner."- Jif.irri/i's Lrri. BiU See I'ref Phil. Pat. "A clear, comprehensive and useful work.'" — McCulloch's Lit. of PoHt. i}:int. Godson, Robert. Astrologia Reformata; or, A Re- form, of the Pro-nostical i>artof Astrol., Lon.,1696, '97,Svo. Godwin, Edward. Serms., 1721-29, all Svo. Godwin, Franci.s, D.D., 1561-1633, a native of Hav- ington, Northamptonshire, was a son of Thos. Godwin, Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxf, and became Rector of Samford, Orcaius, Preb. of Wilts, and Sub-dean of Esoter ; Bishop of Llan- daff, 1601: trans, to Hereford, 1617. 1. Concio Lat. in Luc. v. 3. 1601, 4to. 2. Cat. of the Bishops of England; from the first, with their lives and actions, Lou., 1601, 4to. With addits., 1615, 4to. In Latin. 1616, 4to, entitled De Praesulibus Anglias Commentarius, &c. ; Appendix, &.c. 2, sheets in 4to, 1621-22. With a Contin. by Dr. Richard- son, 1743, fol. " For the writing of which Q. Elizabeth immediately preferr'd him to the bishopilck of Ll.andall.'"— .l//icn. Oxon. Wood refers to Godwin's first ed.. 1601, 4to. See Athen. Oxon. for an account of the subsequent improvements, and for titles and particulars, of Godwin's other works. It is a curious fact that the flrst ed. of his catalogue caused Queen Elizabeth to give him the bishopric of Llaudafl^ and the GOD last was rew.arded by King James with the bishopric of EcFeford. 3. Ann.ales Rerum Anglicarum Henrico VIII., Edward VI., et M.aria Regnantibus, 1616, fob; 1628, 4to. Trans, by his son, Morgan Godwin, and pub. as Annals of England, &c., 1630, '76, fol. 4. Nuncius Inanimatus. (or the Inanimate Messenger,) 1629, Svo; 1657. Trans, by Dr. Thos. Smith, and pub. with The Man in the Mooii. This is supposed to have given rise to Bp. Wilkins's Mer- cury, or Secret and Swift Messenger. Godwin hints at an art by which messages m.ay bo conveyed m.any miles with incredible swiftness. 5. Value of the Roman Sesterce, and Attic Talent, 1630. 6. The Man in the Moon; or, a Dis- course of a Voyage thither by Domingo Gonzales, written between 1599 and 1603, [see No. 4,] Perth, 1638, Svo. Several eds. " It was translated in French, and became the model of Cyrano de Bergerac, as he was of Swift. Godwin himself had no prototype, as far as I know, but Lucian. He resembles those writers in' the natural and veracious tone of his lies. The fiction is rather inge- nious and amusing throughout ; but the most remarkable part is the happy conjectures, if we must say no more, of his philosophy. Not only docs the writer declare positively for the Copernican sys- tem, which was uncommon at that time, but he has surpiisinglv understood the pi inciple of gravitation, it being distinctly supposed that the earth's attraction diminishes with the distance."— iftii- lam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 7. Life and Reign of Q. Mary of England. See Rennet's Collections, vol. ii. 329, 1706. " A person also he was so celebrated by many in his time, whether at home or beyond the seas, that his memory 'cannot otherwise but be precious in succeeding ages, for his indefatigable pains and travel In collecting the succession of all the bishops of England and Wales, since the flrst planting of the gospel among the Christians not pre- termitting such of the British church, or any that have been re- membered by the care and diligence of preceding writers, or had been kept in memory in any old monument or record."— .d(/t!». Oxon. '■The church of LlandafT was much beholding to him; yea. the whole church of England; ye,% the whole church militant; yea, many now in the church triumphant had had their memories utterly lost on earth, if not preserved by his painful endeavours in his Catalogue of English Bishops."— i^uifer's WoHhits of NorUtr ampttmshire. Godwin, George. Facts and Fancies; a Collection of Tales and Sketches, Lon., 1844, p. Svo. "A pleasant volume of light reading. Those who are weary of every-day facts and the conventional fictions of real life, may find relief and amusement in the F.acts and Fancies of Mr. Godwin."— Westminster Beview. Other works. Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797, a na- tive of London or its vicinity, was the daughter of a person who was alternately a tradesman and a farmer, without much profit from either occupation. There seems to have been an entire absence of all proper discipline in the house- hold of this vacillating individual, and to this fact is doubt- less to be imputed the beginning of many faults exhibited in Mary's wayward career. After residing for some time as a companion to a lady at Bath, in 1783, assisted by her two sisters and a friend, she established a day-school at Islington; but in a few months removed her seminary to Newington Green. A trip to Lisbon interrupted her professional duties, and on her return she abandoned the school, and accepted the situa- tion of a governess in the family of Lord Kingsborough, where she remained until 17S7. In 17S6 she pub. Thoughts on the Education of Daughters, which was followed by M,ary, a fiction; Original Stories from Real Life; the Fe- male Reader; trans, and abridgments of Salzinan's Ele- ments of Morality, Lavater's Physiognomy, &o.; and some articles in the Analytical Review. In 1791 she acquired considerable notoriety by the publication of her Answer to Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution, and her Vindication of the Rights of Women. She now mixed a good deal iu literary society, and, unaccustomed to restrain any feeling which happened to be uppermost, cherished an attachment for Fuseli, the artist, who was already maiTied and very properly discouraged the advances of his enthu- siastic admirer. Disgusted with the world, and perhaps with herself, Miss Wollstonecraft left England, and in 1792 we find her in France, where she formed an alliance- not of the most irreproachable character— with Mr. Inilay, an American. She was now perfectly satisfied, or professed to be so; but Mr. Imlay was not: he abandoned her to loneliness, and in her despair she made two attempts upon her own life. An acquaintance with Mr. William Godwin, soon to be noticed iu our work, restored her to her former equanimity ; and this acquaintance— in accordance with the lady's ideas of the Rights of Women— soon ripened into relations of the most intimate character, but without the usual formalities of legal sanction and priestly benediction. After residing together for about six months, the two GOD friends were united Iiy marria;,'o. Mrs. Godwin died in September, 1797, leaving an infant daugliter, who became the wife of Percy Bysshe Sbellcy. In addition to the wurlis noticed ahove, Mrs. Godwin pub. A Moral and Historical Relation of the French Revo- lution — one vol. only appeared; — Letters from Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, 1796; Young Grandison; a trans, of Necker on the Importance of Religious Opinions. After her death Mr. Godwin pub. her Miscellanies, Letters, and an unfinished novel, with a Life of the author, 1798, 4 vols. 12mo, and 1 vol. 8vo. " Mr. Godwiu wrote and published the Memoirs of Mary Woll- stonecraft. a work disi-eputaVile to bis name, as well as that of his wife; she appe;irs to have been grossly irreligious, indelicate, and dissolute." — Lnn. Grnt. Muff., Juiir, 1836. Lawrence's Empire of the Nairs; or, the Rights of Wo- man; an Utopian Romance. 1S1.3, 4 vols. 12mo, adopts the anti-marriage theory of Mrs. Godwin. Such speculations would provoke ridicule, were they not too mischievous to be laughed at. " No woman (with the exception of the greatest woman, Madame de Stael) has made any impression on the public mind during the last fifty years, to be compared with Mrs. Godwin. This was per- haps more especially true in the provinces, where her new and startling doctrines were seized with avidity, and acted upon in some particulars to considerable extent, particularly by married women. . . . She was, I have been told by an intimate friend, very pretty and feminine in manners and person; much attached to those very observances she decries in her works; so th.it if any gentleman did not fly to open the door as she approached it, or take up the handkerchief she dropped, she .showered on him the full weight of reproach and displeasure; an inconsistency she would have doubtless despised in a disciple. I have heard the late Miss Jewsbury express an intention of so remodelling the Rights of Women, that it would uot fail to liecome attractive, and ehe thought useful." — Communication in Mrs. i^lwood's Literary Ladies "f Eng. " He [Coleridge] asked me if I had ever seen Mary Wollstonecraft, and I said, I had once for a few moments, and that she seemed to me to turn off' Godwin's objection to something she advanced with quite a playful, easy air. He replied that ' this w.as only one in- stance of the ascendency which people of imagination exercised over those of mere intellect.' lie did not rate Godwin high, (this was caprice, or prejudice real or affected.) but he had a great idea of Mrs. Wollstonecraft's powers of conversation ; none at all of her talent for book-making."— HiZUIT ; My First Acquaintance with Pods. Godwin, Morgan,d. 1645, Archdeacon of Shropshire, a sou of Francis Godwin, D.D., trans., as we have noticed, his father's Annales. He was ejected by the Parliamentary Commissioners, and his family reduced to distress. Godwin, Morgan, son of the preceding, became a minister of Virginia umler the administration of Sir Wm. Berkeley. 1. The Negroes' and Indians' Advocate suing for their admission to the Church, Lon., 16S0, Svo. 2. Supplet., IBsl, Svo. 3. Serm. rel. to the Plantations; on Jer. ii. 34. 1085, 4to. Godwin, Parke, b. robru.ary 25, 1816, at Paterson, New Jersey, is a son of General Godwin, an officer of the war of 1812, and a grandson of a soldier of the American Revolution. After graduating at Princeton College in 1S34, Mr. G. studied law and was admitted to practice, but found a stronger charm in the cultivation of letters. From 1837 to 1853 he assisted his celebrated father-in-law, William C. Bryant, in the editorial duties connected with the New York Evening Post. In Feb. 1843, he commenced the publica- tion of a weekly periodical entitled The Pathfinder. The title proved to be a misnomer, for, although admitted to be admirably conducted, it failed to find the path to public favour, and, after a brief existence of three months and fifteen numbers, it expired. Mr. G. has pub. Goethe's Au- tobiography, trans, and edited; Zschokke's Tales, trans.; a Popular View of the Doctrines of Fourier; Vala, a Mythological Tale; Hand-Book of Universal Biography, compiled from Maunder and other authorities; pub. as one of the vols, of Putnam's Home Cyelopa.Hlia; Constructive Democracy; articles in the Democratic Review: on Shel- ley ; Democracy ; Edward Livingston ; Jeremy Bentham ; Goethe; Free 'i'rade ; William Leggctt; Political Econo- my; Wa.shington Irving; Downiug's Landscape Garden- ing; Carlyle's Chartism ; England and China; Journalism ; The Loggerheads ; Bryant's Poems; American Poetry, Ac; also articles in Putnam's Monthly Mag.: on American Authors; The Works of American Statesmen; Our New President; Parties and Politics; Annexation; What im- pression ilo we make abroad? The Pacific Railroad; The Know Nothings; How they manage in Europe; Comte's Philosophy; A Few Days in Vienna; From Venice to Vienna; A Day on the Danube; French Almanacs; A Letter to John Bull; The Eastern Question, Ac; and most of the editorial notes. Mr. Godwin has in preparation (we are glad to state) a GOD work on The History of Franco, to which he has devoted many years, one on the Nineteenth Century, with its Lead- ing Men and Movements, and a book of Travels, to be en- titled A Winter Harvest, giving an account of interviews with a number of Frcn<-h and English political reformers. Godwin, Ricliard. Religious Zeal, Lon., 1780. Godwin, Thomas, 1587-1643, a native of Somerset- shire, entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxf.. 16U2 ; chief master of the Free School at Abingdon. 161)9; became Rector of Brightwell, Berkshire, and resigned his school. 1. Ro- maniB Historise Anthologia; an Eng. Expos, of the Roman Antiquities, Oxf., 1613, '23, '25, '33, 4to; Lon., 165S, '68, '85; 16th ed., 1686, 4to; 1668, '86, 8vo. A valuable work in its day. 2. Moses and Aaron, or the Civil and Ecclo- siastical Rites used among the Ancient Hebrews observed and at large opened for the clearing of many obscure Texts throughout the whole Scripture, Lon., 1614, 4to ; Oxf., 1616, '22, '25, '28, 4to ; Lon., 1655, '62, '68. '72; 12th e.l., 1685, 4to; in Latin, Ultraj., 1690, '98, Svo; Franeker, 1710, 12mo; Francf., 1716, 12mo; Lugd. Bat., 1723, '24, Svo. "It was also transl.ated into Latin liy Reiz, and published with his notes in 1679. It was edited in 1094. by the celebrated Wit- sius. u liN :idded two dissertJitions. one on the theocracy of Israel, ami ;irii.t!jrr on the Rechabites. Hettinger published it with con- sid.-rabtu additions and improvements in 1710. Cai-pzov's Appa- ratus of Hebrew Antiiiuities ['The most elaborate system of Jew- ish autiiiuities, perhaps, that is extant. — Ilornes Bihl. Bil>.'] is a learned commentary on it; and Jenning's work on Jewish Anti- quities is of the same nature. It is, on the whole, a valuable and accurate work. There is often bound up with it a work on Roman Antiiuities, by the same writer, and another on Grecian Antiqui- ties, by Francis Rous, the four la.st chapters of whicti were written by the learned Zachary BoL'an. The wliole form a useful and not expensive body of antiquities." — Orme's Bitl. Bib. Moses and Aaron is recommended by the celebrated Witsius. 3. Synopsis Antiquitatum Hebraicarum, in iii. lib., Oxon., 1616, 4to. 4. Florilegium Phr.asioon ; or, A Survey of the Latin Tongue, for the use of his School. 5. Three Argu- ments to prove Election upon Foresight by Faith. This occasioned a controversy with Dr. Wm. Twisse, of New- bury, Berkshire, in which Godwin is thought to have been confuted. "The Presbyterian writers [Geo. Kend.al and Dr. Saml. Clarke] say that tho' Dr. Godwin was a very learned man in the antiqui- ties of the Hebrews, Greeks, and Latins, yet he was fitter to in- struct Grammarians thjin deal with logicians, and bad more power as master of a school at Abingdon than .as a doctor of divi- ' nity. They further add, also, that Twisse did. by bis writings and disputes, whip this old schoolmaster, and wrested that ferula out of bis bands which he had enough used with pride, and ex- pos"d him to lie derided by boys." — Athen. Oxon. Godwin, Thomas. 1. Catholics no Idolaters ; against Dr. StiUingfleefs chiirge of idolatry against the Ch. of Rome, Lon., 1672, Svo. 2. Discharge to Dr. Stillingfleet's I charge of Idolatry against the Ch.of Rome, P.aris, 1677. Svo. Godwin, Timothy, Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh. 1. Serms. on Ps. xcviii. 1. 2. Serms. on Ezek. xvii. 19, 1716, 4to. 3. Serms. on Heb. xiii. 16, 1724, 4to. Godwin, William, 1756-1836, a native of Wisc- heach, Ombridgeshire, where his father was a dissenting minister, was educated at the Dissenting College, Hoxton, ! where ho remained for .above five years, under the tuition of Doctors Rees and Kippis. In 1778 Godwin became 1 minister to a dissenting congregation near London, and soon afterwards took charge of a meeting-house at Stow- market, Suffolk. In 1782 he determined to relinquish the ministry and seek a livelihood by the use of his pen, and accordingly he removed to Londi>n as a permanent resi- dence. For the particulars of his social life, we must refer the reader to the detailed account pub. in the Lon- don Gent. Mag. for June, 1836, shortly after his decease. This account is principally derived from a sketch, bio- graphical and critical, prefixed to tho novel of Caleb Williams, pub. in Bentley's Standard Novels. We need only remark, here, that in 1797 ho became the husband ! of a woman of notoriously bad character — Mary Woll- stonecraft (see ante) — with whom ho had previously lived on disreputable terms, and after her death was again married. He was once principal conductor of the New Annual Register, for a time a bookseller, frequently a member of distinguished literary circles, and always a lover of letters. His few last years were rendered inde- pendent by an appointment to the sinecure office of Yeo- man Usher of the Exchequer. He bad considerable abili- ties, little judgment, and loss wisdom; and in his efforts for reform lacked that foundation without which all such attempts are hopeless — a recognition of man's moral de- pravity, and the necessity of maintaining a constant sense of strict accountability to his Maker. We proceed to notice his publications: 683 GOD 1. Sketches of History, in Six Serms., Lon., 1784, 12mo. 2. An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and ita Intiu- i once on General Virtue and Happiness, 1793, 2 vols. 4to ; i 3d ed., 1797, 2 vols. 8vo. For this work he received £700. j It at once attracted the public attention, but has long been neglected, "No work in our time gave such a blow to the pbilnsophi(\il iiiiDd of the country as the celebrated Enquiry concernivg Pnhti- cal Justice. Tom Paine was considered tor the time as a Tom Fool 10 him; Paley an old woman; Edmund Burke a flashy sophist. Truth, morartruth, it was supposed, had here taken up its abode; and these were the oracles of thought. 'Throw aside your books of Chemistry,' said Wordsworth to a young mau, a student in the Temple, 'and read Godwin on Necessity.'"— -Hac^M's Sjrint of the Age. *'This was a bold and astounding piece of writing, a very master-stroke of levelization. pardonable only as having been con- ceived in the madness of a distracting period in the history and affairs of Europe. "VVe are told it became so popular, that the poorest mechanics were known to club subscriptions for its pur- chase, and thus was it directed to mine and eat away contentment from a nation's roots. In a very short time the author himself .saw he had transgressed the bounds of prudence, and in what was called a second edition recanted many of the most erroneous and alarming doctrines of the first" — Biog. AUice in Lon. Gent. May., June, 1836, 666-670. "You supped upon Godwin and oysters with Carlisle. Have you, then, read Godwin with attention? Give me your thoughts of his book; for. faulty as it is in many parts, there is a mass of truth iu it that must make every man think. Godwin, as a man, is very contemptible. I am afraid that most public characters will ill endure examination in their private lives. ... Do not despise Godwin too much. ... lie will do good by defending Atheism in print, because when the arguments are known they mav be easily and satisfactorily answered." — Robert Soiithei37-452. 3. Things as they are, or the Adventures of Caleb Williams; a Novel, 1794,3 vols. 12rao; 1796, 3 vols. 12mo; 1816, 3 vols. 12moj 1832, 12mo; 1S49, 12moi 1854, f p. 8vo. This work has also a political tendency: "A general review of the modes of domestic despotism, by which mau ^comes the destroyer of man." The author received for it the small sum of £S4. "A master-piece, both as to invention and execution. The ro- mantic and chivalrous principle of the love of personal fame is embodied in the finest possible manner in the character of Falk- land; as in Caleb Williams, (who is not tbe first, but the second character in the piece.) we see the very demon of curiosity personi- fied. Perhaps the art with which these two characters are con- trived to relieve and set off each other has never been surpassed in any work of fiction, with the exception of the immortal satire of Cervantes."— i/(r--/t/rs Spirit of the Age. "There is not a im-nient's p;iuse in the action or sentiment: the breath is suspended, tbe tiiiulties are wound up to the highest pitch as we read. Page after page is greedily devoured. There is no laying down the book till we come to the end, and even then the words .still ring in our ears, nor do the mental apparitions ever pass away from the eye of memory." — Edin. Rev. "Caleb Williams, the earliest, is also the most popular, of our author's romances, not because his latter works have been less rich iu sentiment aud passion, but because they are, for the most part, contined to the development of single characters; while in this there is the nppn.sition and death-grapple of two beings, each endowed with poignant sensibilities and quenchless energy. There is no work of tictiun which more rivets tbe attention — no tragedy which exhibits a struggle more sublime or sufferings more in- tense than this ; yet to produce tbe elTect, no complicated machinery is employed, but the springs of action are tew and simple. The motives are at once common and elevated, and are purely intel- lectual, without appearing for an instant inadequate to their mighty issues," — Sir T. N. Talfoubd: New Month. Mag., aiid in his Grit, and Mi&cdl. M'l itinga. Mr. Gilfillan also commends Caleb Williams in the most eulogistic terms, and is taken to task for his enthu- siasm by Mr. De Quincey, who remarks : "It happens, however, that other men of talent have raised Caleb Williams to a station in the first rank of novels: whilst many more, amongst whom I am compelled to class myself, can see in it no merit of any kind." Read this article, which is suflBciently amusing, in De Quincey's Essays on the Poets and other English Writers. " Few there are who do not enter into and understand the work- ings of the mind of Caleb "Williams, where the demon uf curiosity, finding a youth of an active and speculative disposition, without guiJe to advise, or business to occupy him, engages his thoughti; and bis time ujion the task of prying into a mystery which noway concerned him. and which from the beginning he had a well- founded conviction might prove fatal to him should he ever pene- trate it. The chivalrous frenzy of Falkland, in the same piece, though perhaps awkwardly united with the character of an assas- sin, that love of fame to which he sacrifices honour and virtue, is another instance of a humour, or turn of mind, which, like stained glass, colours with its own peculiar tinge every object beheld by the party." — Sir W.vlter Scott: Blackwood's Mifi., x\. b^. "Caleb Williams is the cream of his mind, the rest are the skimmed milk : yet in that wondrous novel all must be ofi'ended with the unnatural and improbable character of Falkland; the most accomplished, the most heroiial and lofty-minded of men murders one who liad affronted him. allows others to hang for the deed, and persecutes to the brink of ruin a man whose sole sin was a desire to penetrate through the mysteiy in which this pro- digy of vice and virtue had wrapped himself. Williams suffers merely because it was necessary for the story that he should; a single word would have set all right and saved him from much unnatural terror. In short, the fault is, that the actions which the dramiitis prrsonxr perform are not in l^eeping with their cha- racters." — Allan Cunningham : Biog, and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of tlte. last Fifty Years. See ^'o. 18. GOD "Caleb 'Williams is prohiiblv the finest novel produix'd by a ' man,— at least since the Vicar'of Wakefield. Tha seutimeuts, if not the opinions, fiom whirh it arose, were transient. Local usages and institutiuns were the subjects of its satire, exaggerated beyond the u.su;il privile^'e of that sjiL-cies of writing. Yet it has beon translated into mnst I;ingua,L:es. and it has appeared in va- rious forms ou the theati.s not uiily of England, but of France and Germany. There is scarcely a Continental circulating; Hlirary in which it is not one of the books which most quickly rciiiire to be replaced. . . . There is scarcely a fiction in any lani;u;i^f wbiih it is so difficult to lay down. . . . The passaj;es which betiay the metaphysician more than the novelist oui^ht to be weeded out with more than ordinary care."— Sm James Mackintosh: Ikdn. JUcv., XXV. 4.S5-486. and in his Mv^cell. Wi-itiiigs. 4. Cur&ory Strictures ou the Charge delivered by Lord Chief-Justice Eyre to tbe Grand Jury, Oct. 2, 1794. Svo. This refers tu the trial of Holcroft, Theiwall, and other woiild-lie political reformers, who were tried for high trea- son. Godwin's pamphlet is thought to have secured their acquittal. See No. 11. 5. The Enquirer: Reflections on Education, Manners and Literature, in a series of Essays, 1797, Svo; 1823, 12ino. 6. Memoirs of Mary AVollstone- craft Godwin. 1798, Svo. 7. Her Posthumous Works, 1798, 4 vols. 12mo. See our article on this person, and see No. 11 in this biography. 8. St. Leon ; a Tale of the 16th century, 1799,4 vols. i2mo: 1S32, 12mo; 1849, 12mo. This title was much ridiculed, and a humorous counter- part to St, Leon was pub. uuder the name of St. Godwin : a Tale of the 16th, 17th, and 18th century, by Count Regi- nald de St. Leon, 180U, 12mo. But Mr. Godwin had the laugh on his side, for he received 400 guineas for bis copy- right. "In St. Leon Mr. Godwin h.is sou?;ht the stores of the super- natural ; — but the ' metaphysical aid' which he has condescended to accept, is not adapted to carry him farther from nature, but to ensure a more intimate and wide commuuion with its mysteries. His hero does not acquire the philosophei's stone and the elixir of immortality to furnish out for himself a dainty solitude, where lie may dwell, soothed with the music of his own undyint; thoughts, and rejoicing in his severance from his frail and transi- tory fellows." — Sir T. N. Talfocrd : Ativ Munth. Mwj., and in his Cnt. and MisctU. Wrilivgs. "After Caleb M'illiams. it would be injustice to Mr. Godwin to mention St. Leon, where the marvellous is employed too fre- quently to excite wonder, and the terrible is introduced till we have become familiar with terror. The description of Bethlem Gabor, however, recalled to our mind the author of Caleb Wil- liams; nor. upon the whole, was the romance such as could have been written bv quite an ordiuarv pen." — t/lin. Bev-, vi. 182. See No. 18. 9. Antonio, or The Soldier's Return; a Tragedy, Lon.. 1801, Svo. "A miracle of dulness." — Sir T. N. Talfourd. And so tbe audience thought; for, after being bored be- yond endurance, human nature gave way, and they hooted the actors from the stage, in the presence of the unhappy author. Talfourd gives an amusing account of the equa- nimity displayed by Godwin on this trying occasion. 10. Thoughts on Dr. Parr's Spital Serin., 1802, Svo. "A chner though disordered composition.'' — Lon. Gent. Mag., June, is:;ti. 11. The Life of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ac., 1S03, 2 vols, 4to ; 2d ed., 1S04, 4 vols. Svo. We have already referred to this work, both in the present article and in our life of Chaucer, I but cannot let it pass without adding a few lines. | *'In his Life of Mary Wollstonecraft he has written little and said much; and in his account of Chaucer, he has wiitten much and said little. ... It has been said that a spoonful of truth will colour an ocean of fiction; and so it is seen in Godwin's Life of Chaucer: he heaps conjecture upon conjecture — dre.imupon dream — theory upou theory; scatters learninj^; all around, and shows everywhere a deep sense of the merits of the poet; yet all that he has related niitrht have been told in a twentieth part of the space which he has taken."— Allan Cunni-nouam: Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. ^'Theperus;il of this title excited no small surprise in our critical fraternil-y. The authenticated passages of Chaucer's life may be comprised in half a dozen pages; and behold two voluminous quar- tos! . . . We have said that Mr. Godwin had two modes of wire- drawing and prolonfiing his narrative. The first is, as we have seen, by hooking in the description and history of every thing that existed upon earth at the .sjime time with Chaucer. In this kind of ctjmpnsition. we usually lose si^iht entirely of the proposed subject of ;Mr. Godwin's lucubnitions. travelling to Kome or Pales- tine with as little remorse as if poor Chaucer had never been men- tioned in the title-page. The second mode is considerably more ingenious, and consists in making eld Geoffrey accompany the author upon these striking excursions. For example, Mr. Godwin has a fancy to describe a judicial trial. Nothing can be more easily introduced: for Chaucer certainly studied at the Temple, and is supposed to have been bred to the bar." — Sir Walter Scott: Edin. liev., iii. 437—152. Read the whole of this amusing review, which is redo- lent of that exquisite humour in which the great magician was certainly never surjiassed. *' Ills Life of Chaucer would have civen celebrity to any man of lotfeis possessed of three thousand a year, with lei«i!re to write quartos: a-s the legal acutcucss in his lieiuut:!cs on Jtulge Kyte's GOD Charge tn the Jury would have raised any briefless barrister to the height of his profession." — Huzlttt's Spirit of the Age. The Life of Chaucer should by no means be neglected on account of its bulk, which jterhaps the enthusiastic student of early English history would not have curtailed by a single page. This kind of clc^ultory gossip is no ignoble treat for a long wiuter'.s evening. 12. Fleetwood, or the Kew Man of Feeling; a Novel, 1805, 3 vols. 12mo; 1849. 12mo. '• There is. perhaps, little f;eneral sympathy with the over-strained delicacies of Fleetwood, who. like Falkland in the School for Scan- dal, is too extravagant in his peculiarities to deserve the reader's pity."_Sm Walter Scott: Blaclivood's M"g-. xx. 53. " In short, the New Man of Feelinj,', in his calm moments a de- termined egotist, is. in his state of irritation, a fiantic madman, who plays on a barrel-or^'an at a puppet-show, till he and the wooden druviatis pcrsmce are all possessed by the foul fiend Flib- bertigibbet, who presides over mopping and mou>i7tg."—JCUin. Bev., \i. lS-2-193. " Fleetwood has less of our author's characteristic energy than any other of his works.''— Sir T. N. Talfourd: Neio Month. Mag., ati'd Crit. and Mii.g. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. '■ This is. in our opinion, a very dull novel and a very clever book. . . . We are therefore obliged to pronounce this work intoler- ably tedious and disgusting, though its author has proved himself intimately skilled in the perversity of the human mind, and in all the blackest and most horrible passions of the human breast." — Ijon. Qiiar. Eev., xviii. 176-177. "The language of Maudeville is throughout nervous and manly. It has indeed many affectations; but these, as has always been the case in the writings of Godwin, vanish whenever he grapples with vioknt emotions. He is at home in the very whirlwind of terrors, and seems to breathe with the greatest freedom in the most tem- pest uuus atmosphere." — Blackwood's Mag., ii. 26S-279. " Like his other novels, it contains an important lesson, forcibly inculcated — it shows theforlornnessandmisery of a jealous, sullen, aspiring mind, that makes great claims on the world, without pro- per efforts to justify or enforce them."^W. Phillips: N. Avier. Rev., vii. -e some of its pi-ofessors believed in sorcery and practised magic." — Edin. Rev.. Ix. 37-54. The Lives of the Necromancers was Mr. Godwin's last production. In nddition to the twenty-three works which have corae under our notice, he also wrote a number of minor educational and other juvenile works, when a book- o'eilor, — about 1804, and the few following years, — under the assumed name of Edward Baldwin. Mr. Godwin was, indeed, a voluminous author, and it is a sad reflection, that of one so capable of benefiting the world by his talents, the condemnatory verdict should be recorded that, " In weighing well his merits with his moral imperfections, it is melancholy to discover how far the latter preponderated, aud we are led to the very painful though certain conclusion, that it might have been better for mankind had he never existed. . . . Eccentric notions are alluring, and the wildest theories are too often mis- taken for the grandest and the deepest. The opinions maintained by Mr. Godwin, on the existing state of society aud actions of mankind, are sour and uuhealthy. Pride was the basis and the root of his philosophy. ... As a novelist Mr. Godwin is to all in- tents original; he has taken no model, but has been himself a model to the million. lie heads that voluminous class of writers whose chief, nay whose only, aim is to excite the painful sensibili- ties by displaying, in a rigid depth of colouring, the darkest and the blackest passions which corrupt mankind. But his novels have not the moral effect of Hogarth's pictures, which reform vice by holding it to view; they rather contaminate the young and eager, by familiarising them with scenes and characters which it would be better that they never knew even in works of fiction, however artfully glossed over." — L<>n. Geld. Mag., June. 1836. GodAVin, William, Jr., d. of cholera in 1832, only child of the preceding by his second wife, was a parlia- mentary reporter, and contributed a number of papers to the periodicals of the day. He left in MS. a novel pub. by his father in 3 vols. p. Svo, entitled Transfusion. " It partakes of the family wildness and irregularity of genius.'' — Lon. Gt:nt. Mag.. June, 1836. Goerilig, Jacob, Lutheran minister at York, Pa. Besiegter Wiedertaufer, 178.'i, Svo. Answer to a Method- ist's Remonstrance, York. Der Verkappte Priester Aaron, (iiber die Siebentager:) pub. about 1790. Gotf, Goflfe, or Goiigh, Thomas, 1592?-1629, a native of Essex, educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxf., preferred to the living of East Clandon, Surrey, 1629. 1,2. Latin Orations. 1622, *27. Serm., 1627, 4to. 3. Raging Turk; a Trag., 1656, Svo. 4. Courageous Turk, 1656, Svo. 5. Tragedie of Orestes, 1656, Svo. 6. Careless Shepherdess ; a Tragi-Com., with an alphabetical cat. of all such Plays that were ever printed, 1656, 4to. This cat. is incorrect. 7. Cupid's Whirligig; a Com. Ascribed to him, without much probability of truth, by Phillips and Winstanley. It has been supposed that he trans. The Bastard, a Tragedy; and Wood and Langbaine both give him Selimus, which was printed when Goff was but two years old. "Goff's tragedies are full of ridiculous bombast; his comedies are not without merit.'"— GiFFOFP. His melancholy fate is a warning to all bachelors: " Taking to wife a meer Xantippe, the widow of his predecessor, notwithstanding he had always before professed himself an enemy to the female sex, and was esteemed by many another Joseph Swetuam. he was so much overtop'd by her and her children which she had by her former husband, that, his life being much shortened thereby, he died at length in a manner heart-broken." — Atfien. Oxon. Joseph Swetnam, who was distinguished by the not very amiable title of the Woman-hater, will claim a place in another part of our volume. Golborue, John* See Brindley, James. Golburiie, Johu. 1. Trans, of Voyon's Cat. of Doctors of God's Church, Lon.. 1598, 16mo.* 2. Trans, of Two Theolog. Treatises by Valera, 1600, 4to. 3. Trans, of an Act ofDispute, «fec.,*1602, fol. Gold, F, 1. Trans, of Remand's Travels in the Pyrenees. Lon., 1813, Svo. 2. Trans, of Biehat's Re- cherches Physiologiques, 1815, Svo. Golden," Wm. Poems, 1791, 1802. Goldesborough, GoUlshorou^rh, or Gonlds- boron§;h, John. Reports in all the Courts of West- minster, 1586-1602 ; with Notes by "W. S., 1653, '75, '82, 4to. "For thy further satisfaction know, that thou hast here not a spurious deformed brat, falsely fathered upon the name of a dead man, too usuall a trick, played by the subtile gamesters of this serpentine age ; but thou hast presented to thee, though I cannot say the issue of learned Gouldsborough's own brain, yet, I dare say, the work of his own hand : and that which, were be living, he would not blush to own." — Preface. "Godbolt, (^oldsborough and March; mean reporters; but not to be rejected." — Nartli's Stu. Law. 24. Brownlow's Reports contains a number of Cases reported by J. Goldesborough, but the entire collection of cases will be found in the above work. See Brownlow, Richard. Goldicnlt, John. 1. Antiq. of Sicily, from Draw- ings by J. C, 1819, fol. 2. Decorations from Pompeii, 1826, imp. Svo and 4to. Goldie, George, I748-1S04, a minister of the Ch. of Scotland, had charge of the Church of Athelstancford for twenty-six yenrs. Serms. ; with Life, Edin., 1S05. Svo. Goldie, John. 1. Gospel Recovered, 1779-84, 6 vols. GOIi GOL Pro. 2. Evidences of a Deity, 1S09. Upon the publica- tion of these Essays, Burns, the poet, addressed an Epistle to tlie author. Goldiug, Arthur, a poet and translator, of the 16th century, a native of London, was patronized by Sir Philip Sidney, secretary to Lord Cobham and other leading cha- racters of the day. He completed a trans, of Mornay's Trewnesse of the Christian Religion, commenced by Sir Philip Sidney ; and made translations from Calvin, Chy- trseus, Beza, Marlorat, Heraingius, Justin, Caesar, Ac. His best-known trans, is that of Ovid's Metamorphoses; The fyrst fower bookes. 1565 ; The XV. Bookes, 1575, '87, 1603, '12 ; all in black letter, 4to. "His style is poetical and spirited, and his versification clear; his manner ornamented and diffuse, yet with a sufficiLmt obser- vance of the original. On the whole. I think him a better poet than Phaier. . . . Ovid's Metamorphoses, just translated by Gold- iog. to instance no further, disclosed a new world of fiction, even to the illiterate. ... I think his only ci-i^'inal work is an account of an Earthi]uake in 16S0, [pub. 1580, 8vo.] Of his original poetry I recollect nothing more th.in an encomiastic copy of verses pre- fixed to IJaret's Alveare, published in 1580. It may be regretted that he gave so much time to translations." — Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. His trans, of Beza's drama of Abraham's Sacrifice, 1577. ISmo, has given him a place in the Biog. Dramat. " Golding's Translation of Ovid's Metamorpho.ses is a good one, considering the time when it wa.*» written. It is in Alexandrine verse, as well as Phaer's Virgil." — Ali^s.^nder Pope : Spencers Anec- dotes. An ancient critic ranks Richard Edwards with Phaer, Haywood, Nevile, Googe, and our author. Guiding: — *' With him also, as seemeth me, Our Edwards may compare; Who nothying gyuing place to him Doth syt in egall chayre." T.B.^s Brcommendatory I^)€m, prefixed tw John Studley's English version of Seneca's Agamemnon, printed in 1566. See Warton's Eng. Poet. : Phillips's Theat. Poet.; liiljl. Brit. Puttenham, in his Arte of English Poesie, in his criti- cisms on contemporary English poets, commends "Phaer and Onlding for a learned and well-connected verse, specially in f laiislation. clear, and very faithfully answering their author's intent." "The trinslitions of ancient poets by Phaer. Golding, Steny- hurst, and s./veral more, do not challenge our attention ; most of them, in fact, being very wretched performances." — Uallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. Golding thus feelingly complains of the innovations which were changing the character of the English tongue in his day : '* (lur English tongue is driven almost out of kind, Di.'^meuiher'd. hack'd, maim'd, rent, and torn, Defaced, p.atch'd, marr'd, and made in scorn." Golding, P* Sleydane's Epitome of Froissard, Lon., 1603. '08, 4to. '■ In no estimation." — Nicolson. It is, however, well to have it in a Shaksperian collec- tion. Golding, Widdows. Con. to Med. Facts, 1797. Goldiugham, B. See next article, and references there cited. Goldingham, Henry. 1. Queen Elizabeth's Pro- gress to Norwich; a Masque, Lon., 157S, 4to. 2. Garden Plot; an Allegorical Poem, and a reprint of his Masque. 39 copies printed for the Roxburghe Club, 1825, 4to. See this work; also Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Ritson's Bibl. Poet. ; Stcevens's Shaksp. Goldisboroiigh, John. Almanack, Lon., 1C62, 8vo. Goldney, Edward, Sr. 1. Friendly Epist. to the Jew?, Kfil, 8vo. 2. Epistle to the Deists, 1761, 8vo. Goldsborough, Charles W. United States Naval Chronicle, Washington, 1824, vol. i,, pp. 395. '•A valuable repository of historical facts and ofiRcial state- ments." — iV. Amer. liev.^ sxi. 1-19. Goidsmid, Anna M. 1. Trans, from the German of Br. G. Salomon's 12 serms. delivered in the New Tem- ple of the Israelites at Hamburg, &c., Lon., 1839, 8vo. "Many of them will be found available for per.=;t»us of every religious denomination and sect." — Translator's Frrfnre. 2. Trans, from the German of Dr. Ludwig Philippsohn's Development of the Religious Idea in Judaism, Chris- tianity, and Mohammedanism : Considered in 12 Lects. on the Hist, and Purport of Judaism, Lon., 1855. 8vo. pp. 278. These lectures were delivered at Magdeburg in 1847. The translator has added explanatory notes, which the reader will find very useful. Goldsmith, or Gouldsmith, Francis, temp. Charles I. Hugo Grotius, his Sophompaneas, or Joseph ; a Tragedy. With Annotations, Lou., S('«e anno, acd 1652. 8vo. Goldsmith, G. 1. Equity. Lon., 1838; 4th cd., 1849. 2. English Bar, 1843, fp. Svo; 2d ed., 1849. Goldsmith, Rev. J. Geography, Ac, 180.3-15. Of Goldsmith's Grammar of Geography there have been new eds.. 1844-51, by Hughes, Kenny, and AVright. Goldsmith, Lewis, b. 17tifj. a Jew, a native of Eng- lanil, gained considerable notoriety by pub. — 1. The Crimes of Caliincts, Lon., ISDl, 8vo; and subsequently gave to the world — 2. The Conduct of France towards America, 1809, 8vo ; N. York, 1810. 8vo. 3. The Secret Hist, of the Cabinet of Bonaparte, Lon., ISll. 8vo; 1814, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Manifestos, &c. of Bonaparte. Ac, 1811, 8vo; 1813, 4 vols. Svo. 5. Secret Hist, of Bonaparte's Diplomacy, 1812, Svo. 6. Memorial of M. Carnot, Ac, 1814. Svo. 7- An appeal to the Sovereigns of Europe on the Necessity of bringing Napoleon Bonaparte to public Trial, 1S15. At one time he edited the Paris Argus, and interested himself ill French politics. Goldsmith, 3Iiss Mary* 1. Casualties; a Novel, Lon., 1784, 2 vols. 12mo. "Learn, ye mantua-makers all, from this instructive lesson, to mind your needles and earn a ' virtuous bit of bread.' As a com- position, this novel boasts no hij^h merit." — Lon. MmtJu Sev., xlvii. 208. 2. She lives; a Comedy, 1803. 3. Angelina; a Comic Opera. 1804, N. P. Goldsmith, Oliver, November 10, 1728-April 4, 1774, one of the most distinguished ornaments of English literature, was a native of the village of Pallas, Pallice, or Pallasmore, in Leinster, Ireland, county of Longford, IJ miles S. E. of Ballymahon. The character of his excellent father — the Rev. Charles Goldsmith, a clergyman of the Established Church, holding tlie living of Kilkenny West — has been so well described by his son in the cha- racters of The Man in Black in The Citizen of the World, The Preacher in the De^^erted Village, and Doctor Prim- rose in the Vicar of Wakefield, that no other portraiture can be needed nor should be tolerated. The good man lived to see five sons and two daughters surrounding the family board before he wns called to his rest, which event occurred in the year 1740. His son Henry followed his calling, and his exauiple and his virtues have been com- memorated, in lines which the world will never '* let die," by the same pen which depicted the amiable characteristics of the "Village Preacher.'* He who can peruse without emotion the impassioned burst of fervent gratitude and tender ^en^^mbrance with which the houseless wanderer celebrates his brother's kindness and his brother's peace- ful home has but little claim to the better feelings of our nature : ''Kemote, unfriended, melancholy, slow, Or by the lazy Scheldt, or wandering Po; Or onward, where the rude Carinthian boor Airainpt the houseless stranger shuts the door; Or where Campania's plain forsaken lies, A Weary waste expanding to the skies; Where'er I roam, whatever realms to see, Sly heart, untraveird, fondly turns to thee. Still to my brother turns with ceaseless pain, And drags at each remove a length'ning chain. Eternal blessings crown my earliest friend. And round his dwelling guardian saints attendl IJlest be that spot wheie cheerful guests retire To pause from toil, and trim the ev'ning fire ; Blest that abode, where want and pain repair. And ev'ry stranger finds a ready chair; Blest be those feasts, with simple plenty crown'd, AVhere all the ruddy family around Laugh at the jests or pranks that never fail, Or sigh with pity at some mournful tale; Or press the bashful stranger to his food, ^ And learn the luxury of doing good. But me, not destin'd such delights to share, My piimo nf life in wand'ring spent and care, Impell'd with steps unceasing to pursue Some fleeting good, that mocks nie with the view; That, like the circle bounding earth and skies, Allures from far, yet. as I follow, flies; INIy fortune leads to traverse realms alone, And find no spot of all the world my own." The TraveUer. If we have somewhat anticipated our story by the quotation of the beautiful lines just cited, wo shall be readily forgiven. Perhaps there could be no better in- troduction to a biography of Oliver Goldsmith, The warmth of his affections, the tenderness of his heart, his roving propensities and vacillation of mind, are all here presented to the reader in the poet's happiest and most graphic style. At the age of six years Oliver was placed under charge of the village schoolmaster, Thomas Byrne, a retired quartermaster of an Irish regiment, who seems to have expended many of the hours which should have been de- voted to instruction, in recitals of military adventures, in which the narrator himself had burne no obscure and uu- 687 GOL lionoured share. We do not find, however, that his youth- ful auditors — the future vilhige Cromwells of the school-^ ever seriously complained of this want of faithfulness upon the part of their military preceptor. With a keen- ness of perception and politic wisdom which would not have disgraced practised courtiers, the subjects of this despotic ruler seem to have carefully studied his character and adapted their deportment to his changing mood : " AVell bad the bodin;; tremblers learned to trace The day's disasters in his mornin;:; face; Full wfll they laughed with counterfeited glee At all his jokes, for many a joke had he; Full well the bupy whisper, circling; round, Convey'd the dismal tidings when he frown'd." Little Oliver was interrupted in his studies under Mr. Byrne by an attack of the small-pox, the signnture of wiiieh he bore legibly inscribed on his face for the rest of his life. Upon his recovery, he was placed at sch(jol, first at Elphin, in Roscommon, then at Athlune, and sub- t^equently at Edgeworthstown. It was whilst attending the seminary at Elphin, boarding meanwhile at his uncle's, John Goldsmith, that he displayed his juvenile wit by a celebrated epigram, which has been carefully preserved by all the poet's biographers. During an evening party at his uncle's, when the guests were engaged in the mazes of the dance, Oliver, — then only nine years old, — disposed to contribute his share to the amusements of the evening, undertook the execution of a hornpipe, which was pro- bably performed with more zeal than elegance. The mu- sician of the party, who was more forcibly impressed with the awkward form and pitted face of the juvenile Athlete than with his Terpsichorean proficiency, raised a laugh at his expense by calling him his little ^sop. But Oliver soon turned the Laugh upon his assailant by tlie retort: '' Our herald hath proclaimed this saying. See ^sop dancing, and his monkey playing." A large portion of the expenses of Oliver's early educa- tion was defrayed by his kind-hearted uncle, the Rev- Thomas Contarine, who was at all times one of his most devoted and generous friends. On the 11th of June, 1745, Oliver entered Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, as a sizar, under the tutorship of the Kev. Theaker Wilder, from whose petty tyranny the youth suf- fered so acutely that at times his life was an almost in- tolerably burden. In our life of Edmund Bur^e we have noticed the fact that he was a contemporary at college with the subject of the present article. The poor sizar did not display either that genius or that application which gains collegiate distinctions, but he was so fortunate on one occasion as to secure one of the minor prizes, the value in money of which was about thirty shillings. "This turn of success and sudden influx of wealth proved too much for the head of our poor student. He forthwith gavea sup- per and dance at his chamber to a number of young persons of both sexes from the city, in direct violation of colleiie rules. The unwonted sound of the fiddle reached the ears of the implacable Wilder. He rushed to the scene of imhallowed festivity, inflicted corporal chastisement on the ' father of the feast,' and turned his astonished guests neck and heels out of doors." — Jrviiig's Life of Goldsmith. Mortified beyond measure at this inglorious termination to the evening's festivities, and ashamed to meet either the companions of his studies or of his feasts, Goldsmith left college the next day in a state of high disgust, determined to seek his fortunes in some land *' beyond the flood," where he might hope to prosper by the exercise of his in- dustry or of his wits. He lingered in Dublin until all his money was spent save a solitary shilling, and, when that wns gnne, several of his garments followed, until, at la.-^t, hungry and lialf-naked, be was saved from starvation, when on his way to Cork, by a handful of gray peas given him by a country-girl at a wake. He never forgot his humble benefactor. Poor fellow ! he had fasted for twenty- four hours when this seasonable relief was accorded to him; and long afterwards, when applauded in the world of fashion and an honoured guest at great men's feasts, he declared to Sir Joshua Reynolds that of all the ex- quisite meats he had ever tasted that handful of gray peas was the most delieiou.?. By the kind offices of his brother Henry, ho was again placed at loUeL^e, whoie he remained for nearly two j'ears longer. Feb. 27, 17-49, be was made Bachelor of Arts, and turned his back upon his Alma Mater without the loss of many tears. It was now incumbent on him to select a profession, and he was induced by his kind but injudicious uncle Contarine to become an applicant for holy orders. The twu years of probation were passed in a desultory manner, often in amusements not altogether of the most clerical character; and when, at the age of twenty-three, GOL the candidate passed in review under the scrutinizing eye of the Bishop of Elphin, he was promptly rejected : ■■-I'e was intended for the church, and went to the IJishop of Elphin to be examined for ordere, but. appearing in a pair of san-U-t breaches, he was rejected."— i>r. A. Slrmn's Letter. But other reasons are urged for the prelate's rejection of the application. His sister tells us that the bishop thought him too young : another version is that his habits were known to be unsuited to the gravity of the profes- sion to which he sought admittance. Certain it is that the church lost nothing by the bishop's refusal. It is possible to weaken an army by increasing its numbers; and such a clergyman as Goldsmith would in all pro- bability have proved would have done little to advance the cause which ho professed to espouse. The candidate was not heart-broken by the bishop's decision : " For the clerical profession," says his sister, Mrs. Ilodson, " he had no lijtinc-"' Good old Uncle Contarine was sadly disappointed, but relaxed nothing in his efforts to serve his wayward nephew. He soon procured him employment as a tutor in the family ofMr. Flinn; but this situation was lost in consequence of a quarrel between the preceptor and one of the family over a game of cards. Oliver left Mr. Flinn's with what seemed to him an almost fabulous amount of money — no less than thirty pounds; but even this amount, vast as it was, was not proof .n gainst the repeated demands to which the owner subjected it. and in six weeks he returned to his mother's house at Ballymahon without a shilling in his pocket, and on the back of a steed of much humbler appearance than the one which shortly before carried in triumph the happy owner of thirty pounds sterling. Part of this sum. indeed, had been expended in the purchase of a passage to America; but, as the passenger was on an excursion in the country when the wind served in the harbour of Cork, the captain " never inquired after him, but set sail with as much indifference as if he had been on board." How much depended upon that country excursion ! What would have been the history of the author of the Vicar of Wakefield and the Deserted Village had he landed, a friendless stranger, on the shores of America? In all probability the world would never have seen these immortal productions; and Oliver Goldsmith, a Revolu- tionary leader, might have shed his blood at Bunker Hill, or a Western planter, in the enjoyment of a hale old age, have nursed on his knee his children of the third genera- tion. We have often thought that a most interesting narra- tive might bo compiled of the real and supposed lives of the afterwards great men who at one time or other in- tended settling in America. As a colonist, Cromwell, " guiltless of his country's blood," would have passed his days in the useful pursuits of agriculture or commerce ; and Edmund Burke would have contributed to the legis- lative sagacity and oratorical splendour which so proudly distinguished tho first American Congress. John Hamp- den would not have been stigmatized by the great Claren- don as the modern Cinna; and the ruthless ambition of a Bonaparte would have been resisted by a spirit mightier than lais own. But these are speculations: let us return to facts. What should be done now for the improvident youth who had already so sadly disappointed those who had striven beyond their means to advance his fortunes ? To be discouraged in his efi"orts for poor Oliver belonged not to the kind-hearted Contarine. If Oliver would be neither a clergyman nor a tutor, the law was still open, and here his abilities would at once command success. To plan and to do was the same with the good man; and he soon had nearly the sum of fifty pound.s, — a large sum for his circumstances, — which he placed in Oliver's hands and dismissed him with his benediction. With this capital the young man must manage until he had secured a foot- ing which should place him in a position to earn his own bread. But, alas! the attractions of a gaming-table were too strong for his virtue; he was persuaded to risk his whole capital, with the encouragement that it would be doubled ; but, as might have been anticipated, his money, with the exception of a few shillings, passed into the pos- session of his dangerous acquaintances, and he was again a ruined man. Goldsmith's mental agony was now indeed great. How unworthy had ho proved himself of the kindness of his friends, especially of that uncle and brother who had strengthened him with words of good cheer when all others had lost faith in his resolutions and his promises! But offences repeated " seventy times seven" would not have exhausted the fount of tenderness which yearned in the GOL heart of that good uncle towards the repentant prodigal. "Wlien he was yet a great way o£f." he was ready tii run ftnth tn meet him, to "fall on liis neck," and again "kill for him the I'attcd calf" He took him in his own house, made him exhibit his talents in the long winter evenings by lite- rary discussions, and, when his duties called him away, was delighted to see his daughter turn entertainer to the poor outcast, and join the music of her harpsichord to the notes of his flute. Not satisfied with this, he again an.K- iously considered how he could best promote his advance- ment in the world; and a hint which fell from the great man of the family — Dean Goldsmith, of Cloyne, then on a visit to the worthy pastor — was sufficient to cause him again to tax his narrow purse for further supplies for Oliver. If neither the Church, the tutor's chair, nor the bar, were to afford a field for the exercise of his nephew's abili- ties, he should be a doctor of medicine ! Many had at- tained a large and profitable practice who had startoil as late in life as Oliver; why could not Oliver do the same? At least, the experiment should be tried. Behold, then, our adventurer again starting, in the autumn of 1752, to try his fortune in the world. Arrived in Edinburgh, he soon became famous in the social circles of that city as a teller of good stories and singer of Irish songs. But his eighteen months of resi- dence here were not thrown away. He was too apt a scholar to be unprofited by the excellent lectures to which he listened and the chemical experiments in which ho took a part. Ho now determined to visit the continent, that he might enjoy opportunities of completing his medical studies and gratify a taste for travelling, which was one of his strongest propensities. Uncle Contarine's purse was al- ways ready, and to it the student again had recourse. Yet it is to be recorded, to his credit, that his economy was stringent, that his applications might be as few and as moderate as it was possible to make them. His grati- tude, too, to his generous benefactor was deep and un- feigned : "I,et me acknowledge," he writes to hiai, when advising him of intended absence, " the humility of the slation in whii-h you found me; let me tell you how I w.is despised by most and hate- ful to myself. Poverty, hopeless poverty, was my lot. and Melan- choly was beginning to make me her own. When you ..." " Thou best of men," he exclaims in another letter, written from Leyden, "may Heaven guard and preserve you and those vou love!" With this benediction, so richly deserved, wo may take our leave of good Uncle Contarine, who breathed his last before his nephew, whom he had so dearlv loved and for whom he h.ad done so much, had attained that celebrity and prosperous fortune which no one would have rejoiced in more than himself. May the memor.y of that good man ever bo fresh in the world's history ! Arrived at Leyden, Goldsmith seems to have devoted some attention to the pursuit of knowledge, gainin", moan- while, a precarious subsistence by acting as tutor, and sometimes winning, but genenilly losing, by the gaming- table. In February, 1755, he left Leyden for the purpose of travelling on foot through Europe. His wardrobe, furni- ture, and finances, amounted exactly to "a guinea in his pocket, a shirt on his back, and a flute in his hand." The manner in which he "disputed his way through Europe" by accepting university challenges, and gained many a night's lodging by the notes of his flute, are too well known, and have been too beautifully described by himself, to justify us in dwelliug upon them here; '■Whenever I approached a pe.isaiit's house towards nifhtCdl I played one of my most merry tunes, and that procured me not "cm"''""' ''"' '*"''*''^''^°<^« f"'' the next day."— riciiro/ Wake- *'Gay, sprightly land of mirth and social ease, Pleas'd with thyself, whom all the world can please. How often have I led thy sportive choir "With tuneless pipe beside the murmuring Loire! Where shading elms along the margin grew. And, freshen'd from the wave, the zephyr flew; And haply, though my haish touch, falt'ring still. But mock'd all tune, and marr'd the dancers' skill. Yet would the vilhige praise my wondrous power. And daoce, forgetful of the noon-tide hour."— TAe Tiavellcr. Whilst abroad, either at Padua or at Louvain, he took his degree of Bachelor of Medicine. On the 1st of Febru- ary, 1756, Goldsmith landed at Dover, wiser in experience, but more destitute in pocket, than at any former period of his life. He made his way to London ; and here starva- tion stared him in the face. In vain he bogged for a situii- tion as a componnder of prescriptions or as an errand-boy among the London apothecaries ; no one would employ an assistant who could give no references. At last he ob- 44 GOL tained a situation as shop-tender with a chemist of ths namo of Jacob, where he remained until, by the aid of an old fellow-studenl,— Dr. Sleigh,— he was enabled to .sot up, in an humble way, as a physician among the poorer classes. Prosperity did not smile upon his new vocation, but incidentally it opened the wey to a better business. Ho had a patient — a printer's workman — who had per- ception enough to discern that the doctor was himself the victim of a terrible malady — nothing less than consuming, soul-corroding poverty. The poor man had learned benevo- lence of his employer. He told Goldsmith that his master had a kind heart, .and before this had relieved distress;— would he not let him speak a word for him? The kind ofiices of his humble patient wore not in vain ; and behold the quondam physician installed as reader and corrector of the press to Samuel Richardson, the author of " Clarissa." About tho beginning of 1757, (unless wo adopt the earlier date assigned by Mr. Allport,) he obtained a situation as usher in the academy of Dr. Milner, at Peckham, and was still in this humble employment^tho mortification of which ho has so well described in the person of George Primrose— when he was engaged by Grifliths as a stated contributor to The Monthly Review. An agreement was made for one year, and Goldsmith moved his scanty ward- robe to tho house of Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths. It is not without reason that wo mention the latter: she was quite as much master of the house as her husband was, and ruled the poor contributor with so despotic a sway that at tho end of five months he was glad to cancel his engage- ment. From this time until the appe.aranco of his first work of any pretensions, with the exception of another tlial at ushership in Dr. Milner's school. Goldsmith earned a scanty subsislence as a hack-writer, with a ready pen always at the disposal of those who wore able to pay a few shillings or a few pounds, as it might be, for the desired article, A Life of Voltaire and an unfinished tragedy are among the labours of this period. The disappoint- ment of his hopes of a lucrative medical post at Coro- mandel, and his rejection by the College of Surgeons, added to tho bitterness of his melancholy lot. Tho Inquiry into tho Present State of Polite Learning in Europe was pub. by Dodslcy in April, 1759, 12nio. It appeared without the writer's name, but the authorship was no secret. Kenrick's savage attack upon the new work was worthy of the base character of tho man. The Inquiry was not without merit, though perhaps not entitled to the unqualified commendation of the learned. To quota the language of one of the author's late biographers; — "In the present d.iy, when tho whole field of contemporary literature is so widely surveyed and amply discussed, and when the curient productions of every country are constantlv collated and ably criticised, a treal ise like that of Goldsmith would be con- sidered as extremely limited and unsatistiictory ; but at that time it possessed novelty in its views and wideness in its scope, and, beiug indued with the peculiar charm of style inseparable from the author, it commanded public attention and a profitable sale " —IrL'in,/'s Life of Gnl^lsmitli. Goldsmith's next literary undertaking was The Bee, a weekly periodical, pub. on Saturd.ays, the first number of which appeared on the 6th of October, 1750, and the eighth and last on tho 29lh of November. It possessed excellence of no ordinary character, but failed to command support. On the 12th of January, 1760, Mr. Newbory, the famous publisher of children's books, commenced tho publication of Tho Public Ledger, and Goldsmith contributed to it his celebrated Chinese Letters, which were collected and repub. by Newbery, at tho close of 1700, in 2 vols. 12mo. under the title of The Citizen of the World ; or, Letters from a Chinese Philosopher residing in London, to his friends in the East. They were commended by the British Magazine as "light, agreeable summer reading;" and oven Kenrick was forced by Griffiths to make an awkward apology for his brutal attack on tho "Inquiry" and its author, and com- mended the Chinese Letters in high terms. Some opinions upon the merits of this work will be found on a later page. The ropntation of his new work caused publishers to seek tho aid of tho author in various undertakings, and the editorship of Tho Lady's Magazine, contributions to The British Magazine, prefaces to a number of works, a revision of a History of Mecklenburg, Newbery's Art of Poetry, Compendium of Biography, and a Life of Beau Nash, were among the literary labours that replenished tho exhausted coffers of The Citizen of the World. On tho aist of May, 1761, an event of no ordinary interest occurred to the now rising author. This was his introduction to Dr. Johnson, "The Great Cham of Literature," through the good offices of Dr. Percy, afterwards Bishop of Dromore. Tho strong attachment which the lexicographer at once formed for 633 GOL Goldsmith, notwithstanding his faults and foibles, and the friendly aid which he afforded him by the disposal of The Vicar of Walieficld, are pleasing incidents in the lives of these two truly great men. The nodes amlruawnrK of the Literary Club were now partaken of by Goldsmith, and he found himself the associate of men whom heretofore he had long worshipped at a distance. Still busily employed with his pen, we find him engaged on a revision of a De- scription of Millennium Hall and of Dr. Brookes's System of Natural Hi.-tory, additions to the Wonders of Nature and Art, contributions to The Marlial Keview or General History of the late War, to the Critical and Monthly Maga- zines, prefaces to Universal History and several other works, and a compilation entitled A History ol tngland, in a series of Letters from a Nobleman to his Son. This has passed through many edits, in English, been trans, into French, and was confidently attributed to Lord Chester- I field. Lord Orrery, and especially to Lord Lyttelton. ; Among his many literary projects which were never exe- cuted may bo mentioued one, the title of which interests u^ not a "little: A Chronological History of the Lives of Eminent Persons in Great Britain and Ireland. This book would doubtless have been one of the most charming in style and inaccurate in slatement, one of the most delight- ful companions and unsafe guides, in the language. It was to be comprised in two octavo vols, of thirty-five sheets ■ each, to be paid for at the rate of three guineas a sheet, and to be furnished in two years. But— for Dodsley well \ knew the habits of authors— the publisher stipulated that he should be subjected to no advance until the work was completed. This was enough to seal its fate with Goldsmith. He sent a proposition to Tonson to prepare for him a new edition of the works of Pope. Tonson — not always the most amiable of mortals— returned an impertinent answer, and the disappointed author vented his indignation by immediately inflicting a caning upon Tonson's unhappy messenger. It was in 1764 that the well-known incident just referred to occurred,— an incident so graphically described by Dr. Johnson himself, that we cannot do better than quote his own language: '* I received one morning a message from poor Goldsmith that he was in great distress, aud. as it was not iu his power to couie to nie, begeing that I would come to him as soon as possible. I sent him a guinea, and promised to come to him dii-ectly. I accordingly went as soon as I was dressed, and found that his laiidlioiy had arrested him fur his rent, at which he was in a violent passiuu. I perceived that he had already changed my guinea, aud had got a bottle of madeira and a gl.oss before him. 1 put the corlt into the bottle, desired he would be calm, and began tn tall; to him of the means by which he might be extricated. Ue then told me he had GOL '• The beauties of this poem are so great and various, that wfl cannot but be surprised they have not been able to recommend i1 to more general notice." , ., A month after this notice, a second edition appeared ; tho third soon followed, a fourth was issued in August, and the ninth appeared in the year of the author's death. We have no evidence that Goldsmith received more than twenty guineas from the publisher, the elder Newbery. But the author felt that his reputation w.as on the ascendant, and he ventured to leave his own cpnarters in Wine-Office Court iind removed to chambers tiou, through the medium of the Critical Review, iu a notice of bis own composition. It was published — the first production which bore his name — December 19, 1764, and dedicated to his brother Henry, to whom eighty of the last lines in it bad been dis- patched in a letter many years before, when the author was a " houseless stranger" in a foreign land. The lines inserted by Johnson were the one which now stands 420th in the poem, and, omitting the last couplet hut one, the eight concluding lines. The success of The Traveller was decided and immediate among the wits, but some time elapsed before it became a favourite with the public at large. Johnson pronounced it " a poem to which it would not be easy to find .any thing equal since the days of Pope." The lexicographer read it aloud to Miss Reynolds, and the lady — who had recently toasted Goldsmith as the ugliest man of her acquaintance — declared that she should never again tliiuk him ugly. " ' There is not a had line in that poem of The Traveller,' said Langton, as they sat talking at Keynold.s's four years after the poet's death ; ' hot one of Dryden's careless verses.' ' I was glad,' interposed Reynolds, ' to hear Charles Fox s.ay it was one of the first poems in the English language.' 'Why was you glad!' re- joined Langton; 'you surely had no doubt of this before?' 'No,' exclaimed Johnson, decisively, ' the meiit of The Traveller is so well established, th.at Mr. Fox's praise cannot augment it, nor his censure diminish it.' " Two months after its publication, the St. James's Chro- nicle, the leading literary paper of tho time, remarked : 69U mations. In about two mouths a second edition was de- manded; three months later the third appeared, and the sixth was pub. in the year of the author's death. This charming tale will be noticed more at large on a subsequent page. We have now reached a point in the literary history of Goldsmith when we may be permitted to take a rapid survey of the labours which employed his pen from the tiino of the publication of the Vicar of Wakefield until his death. For detailed information concerning these publications ami their author, we must refer the reader to the sources to which every biographer of Goldsmith must acknowledge his obligations — the biographies of Percy, Brydges, Mitford, Scott, Prior, Forstcr, and Irving. i70fi : Poems for Young Ladies, 12ino. "A respectable selection of pieces, chietly from Parnell. Pope, Thomson, Addison, and Collins, with .additions of less importance from less eminent hands, and some of the occasional verses of his friend Robert Nugent." For this compilation he received ten guineas ; and for writing a*' Short English Grammar" had but half that sum, 1767: Beauties of English Poesy, 2 vols. 12mo, In this selection, for which he received fifty pounds, appeared two pieces. — The Ladle and Hans Carvel, — which were not of a character to promote the general circulation of the work, 1768: The Good-Natured Man; a Comedy, Svo. This was not successful on the stage, but sold so well that tho whole of the first edition was taken on the second day. The author's profits on the stage aud by its sale amounted to about £500. " His two admirable Comedies of ' The Good-Natured Man' and ' She Stoops to Conquer' are the greenest spots in the Dr.amatic waste of the period of which we aie speaking. Tliey are worthy of the author of 'The Vicar of WaLefuld.' and to praise them more highly is impossitile. AVit wilhout lic-iilii.usii.ss: Humourwith- out extravagance: bi-illiaut and elegant dialogue; and forcible but n.atural delineation of character, are the excellences with which his pages are prodigally strewn."— //wiry KeeU's Lects. cm Eng i llrantat. PiKt. GOL " The best, as we think, of his dramatic efforts."— Peof. Botieu : Gaiter!/ of lliiist. Ii-Mmt7i: Duhl Univ. Mag., vii. 3S. 1769 : Roman History, 2 vols. Svo. " Sir, it is the great excellence of a writer to put into his hook as much as his book will hold. Goldsmith has done this in his history. . . . Uoldsniith'sabridgmeut is betterthan that of Lucius Floras or Eutropius; and I will venture to .say, that if you com- pare him with Vertot, in the same places of the Roman History, you will And that he excels Vertot. Sir, he has the art of com- piling and of saying every thing he has to say in a pleasing man- ner.' — Dr. Johnso.v : Boswdrs life. '■■ Ooldsmith-s Aln-idijcnmls r>f Ihc Histnri, of Roms and England mity here be noticed. Thcv an- iniliii'iitly well calculated to intro- duce youth to the knowlcd-e of their sludics; for they exhibit the most interesting and striluiig events, without cntcriti" into con- troversy or dry detail.''— &> Walirr ScoWs LU'r of l,\,hhmHJi. " Goldsmith's brief and enchanting epitome ofRumau History " — Chancellor Kent. " Though a work written for bre.ad. not fame, such is its ease, perspicuity, good sense, and the delightful simplicity of its style, that it was well received by the critics, commanded a prompt and extensive Siile. and has ever since remained in the hands of young and old."— /)-fi«<7's Life of Ooldmiitli. ^ " Intended for the perusal of the young, and certainly written in an interesting manner, but almost always superficial and fre- quently inaccurate." — A". ^Imcr. i?cy. Of the author's abridgment of his History of Rome there have been edits, edited by Co.te, Davis, Dymock, Piunock, Simpson, Ac. It w.as in this year that he con- tracted with Griffin for his Natural History, or the His- tory of the Earth and Animated Nature. See years 1772 and 1774, 1770: Life of Dr. Parnell, prefl.\ed to an edit, of his poems pub. in this year, Svo. "Goldsmith's Life of Parnell is poor; not that it is poorly written, but that he had poor materials; for noliody can write the life of a mau but those who have eat and drunk and lived in social intercourse with him."— Dr. Johnson: BosmcWs Life. Life of Lord Bolingbroke, originally prefi.\ed to his Dissert, on Parties, repub. in this year, Svo; afterw.ards to Bolingbroke's Works. It wtis in this year that Goldsmith accompanied Mrs. Horneck and her two beautiful daugh- ters—Little Comedy and the Jessamy Bride — to Fran'ce. He was now in the height of his reputation,— for two months before he left London the town was thrown into raptures by the publication of The Deserted Village, a Poem, 4to. The 1st edit., pub. M.ay 6, was immediately e.xhausted, and by the 16th of August the 5th edit, was pub. Previous to its publication tlie author received from the publisher a note for the price agi-eed upon,— one hun- dred guinesis. A friend remarked to Goldsmith that it was a great price (five shillings a couplet) for so small a poem : "In truth," said Goldsmith, "I think so too; it is much more than the honest man can allord, or the piece is worth. I have not been easy since I received it." He therefore returned the note to the publisher, and desired him to pay him when it should be ascertained what the poem was worth. We shall reserve the citation of opinions upon this poem —criticism is hardly a proper word for (with one e.KCeption) unmixed and enthusiastic eulogy— for a later page. But we must here refer the reader to Prior's Life of Goldsmith and Huwitt's Homes and Haunts of Eminent British Poets for gr.aphic descriptions of The Deserted Village — Lissoy — and to the article from a London peri- odical, on the same attractive theme, quoted in Irving's Life of Goldsmith. In the London Genllcman's Maga- zine for June, 18.38, pp, .'>92, 593, will be found an inge- nious argument, by Mr. John Cunnington, in which it is asserted that Springfield, near Chelmsford, England, (and not Lissoy, in Ireland.) is entitled to the honours which pertain to the far-famed Deserted VilUage of Goldsmith. We must not fail to commend that beautiful volume, The Deserted Village, illustrated by 80 designs by the Etching Club, Lon., 1811, imp. 8vo, £5 5».; colombier 4to, £5 6«.; portfolio; colombier fol., £10 10«.; proofs, £13 13s! This is gener.ally considered the chef-rVaui-re of the Etch- ing Club. It is the united production of some of the most eminent artists of the day, including Webster, Redgrave Creswick, Cope, J. Bell, Horslcy, F. Tayler, Townsend' and C. Stonehouse. •• No poem in the language perhaps holds out so many opportu- nities to the artist. The exquisite little gems with which it is so thickly studded are all wrought out in a spirit of graceful poetry worthy of the genius of Golds.mith, and, by the beauty and deli- cacy of their execution, carry us back to the 'olden time,' when the greatest luminaries of Painting were also the first amon" the Etchers." " 1771: The Haunch of Venison; a Poem, Svo. This was a poetical epistle, acknowledging the receipt of a Haunch of Venison from Lord Clare, with whom Goldsmith spent some time in the country. "\\ritten with no higher aim than mere pleasantry; a more GOL delightful piece of humour, or a more finished piece of style, has probaWy been seldom written."— Forster : Life of (loldmlith. "Some of the lines pleasantly set forth the emliarrassment caused by the appearance of such an aristocratic delicacy in the humble kitchen of a poet, accustomed to look up to mutton as a treat : " * Thanks, my lord, for your venison, for finer or fatter Never raug'd in a forest, or sniok'd in a platter.'" VTashinoton iRvma : Life of Oohlmith. History of England from the earliest times to the Death of George IL, 1771, i vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1774, 4 vols. Svo. Abridgt., 1774, Svo. This is an acknowledged compila- tion from R.apin, Carte, Smollett, and Hume, — "Each of whom," says Goldsmith, in the preface, "have their admirers, in proportion as the reader is studious of political antl quities, fond of minute anecdote, a warm partisan, or a deliberate reasoner," The Whigs of course detected a smack of Tory doctrine in the new History, and charged the compiler with be- traying the liberties of the people. Goldsmith's defence against the attack is very characteristic of the man, — may we not say characteristic of an author? _ " I had no thought for or against liberty in my head ; my whole aim being to malce up a book of a decent size, and which, as 'Squire Hichard says, would do harm to nobody."— Goldsmith's I^etler to Lanrfton. "The history on the whole, however, was well received; some of the critics (b ,1 n, ,1 that English History had never before been so usefully, s.. ii.._,iiiily and agreeably epitomized; 'and. like his other histnii, ,1 uiiiiugs,' it has kept its ground in English lit(^ rature."— Washim^'kjn Irving: Life nf GoldsmiUi. "As a historian Goldsmith accomplishes all at which he aims. He does not promise much, but he does more than he promises. He takes, it is true, facts which had been already collected, but he shapes them with an art that is all his own."— Henev Giles; Lecturer and Essays. See Boswell's Life of Johnson for the lexicographer's comparison between Robertson and Goldsmith as hi.sto- rians. For this work Davies paid Goldsmith £500. Of this history there have been numerous eds. and abridgts., edited by Coote, Lynam. Morell, Rose, Wright, Bigland, Coxe, Davis, Dymock, Kenny, Pinnoek, Simpson, Stew- art, &c. 1772: In this ye.ar he was employed upon his History of the Earth and Animated Nature, (Natural History, as it is sometimes called,) for which ho had contracted with GriflSn in 1769,— S vols, at 100 guineas per vol. The work was commenced in 1769, but not prosecuted systematically. It was not finished and pub. until 1774. It was in this year tilso that he wrote the latest of the Essays in the collection which now bears that title; and at this period he .abridged his Roman History, and wrote portions of a tale for Newbery but rejected by him, intended to be of the same character as The Vicar of Wakefield. For an account of the announcement in Paris of Histoire de Franfois Wills, see the biographies of Goldsmith. 1773: She Stoops to Conquer; or. The Mistakes of a Night, Svo. The plot of this phvy and the incident upon which it is founded are so well known that we shall not repeat them. And who can forget Richard Cumberland's graphic account of the first performance and that lauu-h- ing Adam Drummond, who had almost ruined the whole afliiir ? Cumberland must tell his own story, which, whether exaggerated or true to nature, is told with admirable etiect: " We were not over-sanguine of success, but perfectly determined to struggle bard for our author. We accordingly assembled our strengtli at the Shakspeaie Tavern, in a considerable body, for an e.arly dinner, where Samuel .Johnson took the chair at the head of a long table, and was the life and soul of the corps. The poet took post silently by his side, with the Burkes. .Sir Joshua Hev- nolds. lltzherbert. Caleb ^Vhiteford, and a phalanx of Noifh .,'■'1, '„f"''"'''''"™'°"* aPPlauders. under the banner of Maior Mills, all good men and true. Our illustrious president was in inimitable glee; and poor Goldsmith that day took all his raillery as patiently and compLacently as my friend Boswell would have done any day or every day of his life. In the mean time, we did not forget our duty; and though we had a better comedy going in which Johnson was chief actor, we betook ourselves in good time to our separate and allotted posts, and waited the awful drawing up of the curtain. As our stations were preconcerted, so were our signals for plaudits arranged and determined upon in a manner that gave every one his cue where to look for them and how to follow them up. " We had among us a very worthy and eiticient member, long since lost to his friends and the world at large. Adam Drummond of amiable memory, who was gifted by nature with the most sonorous and at the same time the most contagious laugh that ever echoed from the human lungs. The neighing of the horse of the son of Hysta.spes was a whisper to it; the whole thunder of the theatre could not drown it. This kind and ingenuous friend fairly forewarned us that he knew no more when U> give his fire than the cannon did that was planted on a battery Ho desired, therefore, to have a flapper at his elbow, and 1 bad the honour to be deputed to that oflice. I planted him in an ui.per box. pretty nearly over the stage, in full view of the pit and gal- GOL lerio'! and perfectly well situated to give the echo all its play thriiuKh the hollows and recesses of the theatre. The success of our manoeuvre was complete. All eyes were upon Johnson, who sat in a front row of a side box; and when he laughed, everybody thour'bt themselves warranted to roar. In the mean time, my friend followed signals with a rattle so irresistibly comic, that when he had repeated it several times, the attention of the specta- tors was so engrossed by his person and performances, th.it the progress of the play seemed likely to become a secondary object, and 1 found it prudent to insinuate to him that be might halt Dis music without any prejudice to the author. But alas! it was now too late to rein biiu in; b.j had laughed upon my sign; now and then were. These were dangerous moments, for the pit began to take umbrage; but we carried our point through, and triumphed not only over Colman's judgment, but our own. The illustrious president of this band of Goldsmith's friends— Samuel Johnson— thus records his judgment on She Stoops tu Conquer : " I know of no comedv for many years that has so much exhila- rated an audience; that has aoswered so much the great end of "omedy, making an audience merry." Davies remarks that the success of this piece " Revived fancy, wit, gaycly, humour, incident^ and character, in the place of sentiment and moral preachment." Davies is too honest to pretend that " the theatre is the school of morals," as is often foolishly asserted. Undoulit- edly the modern stage is most emphatically the school of vice, and we see not how it can consistently be counte- nanced by those who pretend to a regard for morals, or even ordinary decency. But upon this theme wo have already discoursed at large in our life of Jeremy Collier, q. v. But we h:id almost forgotten to cite an extract referring to this comedy from a letter of Dr. Johnson to the late Bishop White, for many years the venerable diocesan of the Episcopal Church in the State of Pennsylvania: •Dr Uold'-milh h.as a new comedv in rehearsal at Covent G.ar- den to which the manager [Colman] predicts ill success. I hope he will be mistaken. I think it deserves a kind reception. —To the Uev. Mr. White, [at Pliiladelpliia.] March 4, 1773. And this e.'itract very naturally reminds us of Bishop (the Rev. Mr.) White's visit to Goldsmith in 1770. INIany a fellow-citizen of our own will thank us for the good Bishop's account of this memoraUe visit; and we shall not withhold it: . . „ . , ^ . ■■ We lod"ed, for some time, near to one another, in Brick tonrt, of the Temple. I had it intimated to him. by an acquaintance of both, th.at I wished for the pleasure of making him a visit. It ensued ; and in our conversation it took a turn which excited in me a painful sensation, from the circumstance that a man of such a genius should write for bread. His -Deserted Village' came under notice; and some remarks were made by us on the piinciple ol it— the decay of the peasantry. He said, that were he to write a pamrhlet on the subject, he could prove the point incontro- vertibly. On his being asked why he did not set his mind to this, his answer was: 'It is not worth my while. A good poem will bring me one hundred guineas; but the pamphlet would bring uie nothing.' This was a short time before my leaving of Eng- land, and 1 saw the Doctor no more." We need hardly say that the Bishop's reminiscences of Johnson are also exceedingly interesting. But our readers will fear that we have entirely lost sight of She Stoops to Conquer: •■ The dramatic powers of Uoldsmith— for a restricted space warns us to leave a too seductive topic— were not perhaps of the very highest order. Yet his plays are a valuable accession to our st.a'^e literature. They do not fail below Cumberland or Cibber in plot or character, while they surpass the former in liveliness of humour, and the latter in preservation of decorum."— Prof. But- LEH: GaUeri/ of Illust. Irishmen, IluU. ITnh: Mail., vii. 47. " The plot turns on what may be termed a farcical incident— two parties mistaking a gentleman's house for an inn. But the ex- cellent discrimination of character, and the humour and vivacity of the dialogue throughout the play, render this piece one of the richest contributions wliiih have been made to modern comedy. The native pleasantry and originality of tioldsmith were never more happily displayed." •■ Asa dramatist, Coldsmith is amusing; and it to excite laugh, ter be, as Johnsi>n asserts it is, the chief end of comedy, tioldsmith attains it. Uis plots, however, are extravagant, and his personages are oddities rather than characters. Goldsmith's plays want the contrivance which belongs to highest art ; but they have all those ingenious accidents that are notable for stage effect. Tbey are, in fact, deficient in that insight which pertains only to great dra- matic genius. . . . Both of them [The Good-Natured Man and She gtoops to Conquer] abound in drollery and strong touches of n.a- ture: but thev do not give the author an exalted position among dramatists, aiid they do not promise that he could have reached it." — Henry Giles: Lectures and Essays. See also the criticisms under the head of The Good- Natured Man, year 1768. She Stoops to Conquer pro- duced to the happy author a clear profit of no less than £,H00. In this year he projected the compilation of a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, which was never exe- cuted. Cradock tells us that Goldsmith's Introduction to it was excellent. GOL 1774: Grecian History, from the earliest State to the D."!)th of Alexander the Great, 2 vols. 8vo. -A most desirable abridgment, and may be put most safely into youn" persons' hands; combining beauty and ability, and so at- tracti"e as to hold children from their play." , , . j "This work, although elegantly written, and highly calculated to attract and interest young readers, enters into no critical dis- cussion of disputed points, and is superficial and inaccurate." 'It would be unjust to estimate Goldsmith by the History of Greece "— T. B. M.iCAi'HV ; see Gleig. George Hodert. This work has been abridged, and many edits, have appeared, edited by Coxe, Dymoek, Pinnock, Prince, Simpson, &c. Retaliation; a Poem : including Epitaphs on the most distinguished Wits of the Metropolis, with explanatory Observations, 4to. Reprinted with other pieces of the author, 1777, 4to. A number of mock epitaphs had been composed on Goldsmith, and Garrick's is preserved: '■ Here lies poor Goldsmith, for shortness called Noll, Who wrote like an angel but talkd like Poor Poll." Goldsmith was called on for Retaliation, and he took it. " Ketaliation had the effect of placing the author on a more equal footing with his society than he had ever before assumed."— SlB W.\i.TER Scott. The portraits of Garrick and Reynolds in this poem have excited especial .admiration. History of the Earth and Animated Nature, 8 vols. 8vo. " It is to science what his abridgements are to history; a book which indicates no depth of research or accuracy of information, but which presents to the ordinary reader a general and interest- ing view of the subject, couched in the clearest and most beautiful lan^ua^e, and abounding with excellent reflections and illustra- tioi?s. 'it was of this work that Johnson threw out the remark which he afterwards interwove in his friend's epitaph. — ' lie is now writing a Natural History, and will make it as agreeable as a Per- sian tale.'"— Sir Walter Scott. , ,_ ,. " I remember him. when.inhisch.amberin the Temple, he showed the beginning of bis Animated Nature, it was with a sigh, such as genius'draws when hard necessity diverts it from its bent to drudge for bread, and talk of birds and bea.sts and creeping things, which Piddock's showman would have done as well. Poor lellow! he hardly knew an ass from a mule, nor a turkey from a goose, but when he saw it on the table. But publishers hate poetry, and Paternoster liow is not Parnassus. '-A'lc/iurd Cumberland's Me- "The descriptions and definitions are often loose and inaccurate, and the chief defect of the work arises from its being a mere com- pilation from books. It has therefore none of the fie.shness of personal observation; nothing which awakens the curiosity and inspires the confidence of the reader, as in the delightful pages of White. Montague, or Rennie."— Jons .Miipobd: Life of GiMsmith. Yet Mr. Mitford commends the work highly for the beauty of its style and justness of the occasional reflec- tions with which its pages arc interspersed. Another biographer, whilst freely admitting the defects of this work, remarks: "There are yet m.any passages of exquisite c')H7i^rr/obsei'vation in it; and not a lew in which the grace of diction, the choice of perfect and finely-finished imagery, and an elegant clearness and beauty in the tone of rettection, may compare with his best original com- positions, in poetry or prose." — Iohn Forster: Life of Goldsmith. "Goldsmith composed this work out of BulTon and others, in a manner both amusing and instructive, although the scientific acquirements of the author were uot suflScient to guard him against numerous errors." "He died in the midst of a triumphant course. Every year that he lived would h.ive added to his reputation. There is assu- redly no symptom of decadence in the picturesque pages of his last work, the History of Animated Nature: a book which, not pos- sessing indeed the character of authority only to be granted to faithful reports of personal observation, is yet unequalled foi- clear- ness of expression, and all the charms of a most -lacelul style. Northcote tell us that he had just begun a novel beloi- bis death; and a second Vicar of Wakefield may have been buried in the tomb of Goldsmith."— Peof. Butler: Galleri/ of lUust. L-islnien: Gold- smith : DuU. Univ. Mag., vii. 53. Of the Animated Nature, the 2d edit, was pub. in 1779, 8 vols. Svo. New edit., 1791, 8 vols. 12mo; 18114, 4 vols. 8vo; 1800, 6 vols. 8vo. With corrects, and addits. by W. Turton, M.D., 1816, 6 vols. 8vo. Natural History of Birds and Beasts abridged, 1807, 12mo; 1807, 8vo; 1838, 4 vols. 24mo; 1850, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 1850, 18mo. Other eds. The last quotation will have prepared the reader for the I closing scenes of Goldsmith's life. He was at the Edgewaro Cottage when he put the last touches to his Animated Na- ture ; and here also he was completing the Grecian History, making another Abridgment of English History for schools, translating Scarron's Comic Romance, revising for James Dodsley (for the sum of five guineas) a new edit, of his Inquiry into Polite Learning, finishing his Survey of Ex- perimental Philosophy, and writing his poem of Retaliation. In the middle of March he arrived in London, labouring under severe indisposition produced by sedentary htibits, and " continual vexation of mind, arising from liis involved circumstances." On the afternoon of the 2oth ho took to his bed; but, instead of following judicious counsel, per- sisted, against the advice of his physician, in swallowing GOL GOL large doses of James's Powders, which greatly aggravated his disorder. "Towards the last it occurred to Doctor Turton to put a very pregnant question to his patient, * Yuur pulse,' he said, ' is in greater disorder than it should be, fr'>m the degree of fever which yu have. Is your mind at ease?' ' No, it is not,' was Goldsmith's melancholy answer. They are the last words we are to hear him utter in this world." And now that death had forever removed from his familiar haunts this simple-hearted, aifectionate man, — now that those who had rudely spurted with his harmless eccentricities, and uften made him the "butt of their clumsy ridicule," ftdt that they should see his face no more forever, — there was iinaEfected grief, and hearty, per- chance profitable, contrition. Nor did such alune mourn him : the ghiry of his age and of the English nation, the most illustrious statesman and orator of his day, burst into tears when he heard the sad news. The messenger of death found Sir Joshua Reynolds in that studio from whence had emanated so many exquisite conceptions of the painter's genius : — but the mournful tidings took his heart from his work; he felt that his "hand had lost its cunning," laid by his pencil — " which in times of great family distress" he had not been known to do — and left the room fur the day. And there were mourners, too, of a different rank of life indeed, but those whose lamentations were as sincere, and their grief as heartfelt; those in whose sorrow for their departed benefactor there is in our eyes a value of no ordi- nary worth, as in their prnyers for the living there is a peculiar benediction. AVhen the poor and the needy, the outcast and the forsaken, the "ruined spendthrift" and the "aged beggar," heard that he who had out of his own poverty ministered to their necessities should greet them no more with the voice of kindness and the word and deed of consolation and relief, they forgot the awful distance which ordinarily excluded them from the presence of the great, and crowded their wa}' to his humble lodgings, re- gardless of the presence of fashionable friends who had come to take their "last look at poor Goldsmith." "On the stairs of his apartment there was the himentation of the old and infirm, and the sobbipg of wonieii ; poor ol jeets of his charity, to whom he had ne^er turned a deaf ear, even when Btruj.'glin>; himself with poveity. . . . Mourners without a home, without domesticity of any kind, with no fiiend but him they had come to weep for: outcasts of that preat, solitary, wicked city, to whom he had never forgotten to be kind and charitable." And the beautiful Jessamy Bride, wliora perhaps poor Goldsmith loved more than he ever loved any other woman, — whose image was associated with his happiest days on earth, — she was not absent at this hour ; the coffin wjis opened at her request; and she bore away a lock of his hair, which "she treasured to her dying day." '•'1 was abroad at the time of his death,' writes Dr. McDonnell, a youth whom when in distress he had employed as an amanuen- sis, 'and I wept bitterly when the intelligence first reached me. A blank came over my heart as if 1 had lost one of my nearest rela- tives, and was followed for some days by a feeliug of despondency.'" "•Of poor dear Uoldsniith,' write.*; Johnson, three months after the event, 'there is little to be told more than the papers have made public. He died of a fever, made, I am afraid, more vinlent by uneasiness of mind. His debts be^ran to be heavy, and all his resources were e.xhausted. ^fir Jcthua is of opinion that he owed not less than two thousand pounds. Was ever poet so trusted before V " The unhappy state of his affairs, thus alluded to, pre- vented that pompous funeral with which his friends pro- posed to testify their admiration of his genius and regret for his loss. He wns privately interred in the burial-ground of the Temple Church ; but his monument in Westminster Abbey, dignified by the celebrated epit,Tph of Johnson, and not unworthy of the pen of the disciple of Sir Thomas Browne, arrests the steps of the contemplative stranger as he lin- gers in the aisles of the departed great. To that epitaph who would not be willing to add the emphatic testimony of its author to the genius of its subject? — " Let not his tiiults be remembered : he was a very great man." And now, in the calm review of the chequered life of the author of the Traveller and the Deserted Village, his happy childhood, his youth of suffering, his manhood of alternate triumphs and mortifications, his last days of embarrass- ment and trial, and his lonely death among strangers, un- attended by one friend of his early years, who can refuse the tribute of a tear to the touching lines in which the stranger and pilgrim on the earth had breathed out his earnest desire to die amidst the scenes of his childhood? " In all my waud'riufrs round this world of caie, Id all my priefs — and tlod has giv'n my share — 1 slill had hopes my latest hours to crown, Amidst these humble bow'rs to lay me down; To husband out life's taper at the close, And keep the flame from wastinf;, by repose: I still had hopes, for pride attends us still, Amidst the swains to show my bookdearn'd skill, Around my fire an eY'Ding group to draw, And tell of all I felt, and all I s;iw ; And. as a hare whom hounds and horns pursue Pants to the place from whence at first she flew, I still had hope.s my long vexations past, Here to return — and die at home at last!" We still have much to tell of Goldsmith, — many illus- trations of his eccentricities, many anecdotes of his sim- plicity; many evidences of his benevolence of heart; but we have already extended his biography until, like Robin in the churchyard, we are afraid to look behind us, and compute the space. But let those who would find fault with us for dwelling so long on Oliver Goldsmith turn at once to the political economy, the commerce, the meta- physics, of our volume. They are not at home here: to quote Dr. Johnson's character of his Lichfield friend, their " talk is of bullocks." And, now that we have banished from our little company those who cannotsympathize with the enthusiasm of which we are not ashamed and for which therefore we offer no excuse, let us return to the contempla- tion of a character which we cannot but warmly love, even whilst unable at all times to commend. The faults of Goldsmith, like the faults of other men, are neither to be denied nor excused. His improvidence, his fondness for games of chance, and his want uf high moral and religious tone, are deeply to he deplored ; but that genuine and ever-flowing benevolence of heart which few have equalled, and perhaps none excelled, calls for our unmixed admiration and hearty esteem. Of this amiable trait we could produce many instances; — taking the blankets from his own bed to cover a poor woman and her helpless children; leaving a gay party in the midst of his amuse- ments, or his bed in the dead of night to relieve a poor creature in the street; pouring out his hard-earned pro- fits like water to supply destitute authors with the comforts of life; spending the wages of an usher's servitude in gin- gerbread for the children and alms for those who lacked bread; — but we must be content with the touching narra- tive of one scene, which George C'olman has himself told so well that we shall not attempt to tell it for him : '• I was only five years old when Goldsmith took me on his knee, while he was drinking coffee, one evenini;, with my father, and began to play with me: which amiable act I returned with the ingratitude of a peevish brat, by giving him a very smart slap on the face : it must have been a tingler, for it left the maiks of my little spiteful paw upon his cheek. This infantile outrage was followed by summary justice, and I was locked up by my indig- nant father in an adjoining room, to undergo solitary imprison- ment in the dark. Here I began to howl and scream most abominably; which was no bad step towards liberation, since those who were not inclined to pity me might be likely to set me free, for the purpose of aliating a nuisance. "At length a generous friend appeared to extricate me from jeopardy, and that generous friend was no other than the man I had so wantonly molested by assault and battery, — it was the tender-hearted doctor himself, with a lighted candle in his hand, and a smile upon his countenance, which was still partially red from the effects of my petulance. I sulked and subbed, and be fondled and soothed, till I began to btigbten. Goldsmith, who in regard to children was like the Village Preacher he has so beautifully described. — for 'Their welfare pleased him, and their cares distressed,' — seized the propitious moment of returning good-humour; so he put down the candle and began to conjure. He placed three hats, which happened to he in the room, upon the carpet, and a shilling under each : the shillings, he told me, wei-e England, France, and ypaiu. ■ Hey. presto. cockoloruQi!' cried the doctor, and, lo! on uncovering thft shillings which had been dispersed, each beneath a separate hat, they were all found congregated under one. I was no politician at five years old. and, therefore, might not have wondered at the sudden revolution which brought England, France, and Spain, all under one crown ; but, as I was also no conjurer, it amazed me beyond measure. Astonishment might have amounted to awe for one who appeared to me gifted with the power of performing miracles, if the gnod-nature of the man bad not obviated my dread of the magician : but, from that time, whenever the doctor came to visit my father, 'I pluck'd his gown to share the good man's smile;' a game at romps constantly ensued, and wf^ were always cordial friends and merry playfellows. Our unequal companionship varied somewhat in point of sports as I grew older, but it did not last long; my senior playmate died, alas! in his forty-fifth year, some months after I had attained my eleventh. His death, it has been thought, was hastened hy 'mental intjuietude.' If this supposition be true, never did the turmoils of life subdue a mind more warm with sympathy for the misfortunes of our fellow-crea- tures. But his character is tinmiliar to every one who reads : in all the numerous accounts of his virtues and foililes. his genius and absurdities, his knowledge of nature and his ignorance of the world, his 'compassion for another's woe' wa.s always predomi- nant; and ray trivial story of his humouring a froward child weighs but a feather in the recorded scale of his benevolence." We should hardly feel that our duty as a biographer 693 .GOL GOL was entirely fulfilled did we omit to nlliide rjither more fully than we hiive yet dune to pour (iol(l.-iiiiti)'.s ineffectual efforts to shine as a star of the first uKi;;nitii'le in that brilliant galaxy of conversationists which could at the same moment boast of a Johnson, a Burke, a Keynulds, a Beauclerc, and a Langtun. Many amusing anecdotes of Goldsmith's colloquial essays — not always unrewarded with success — will be found in Boswell's Life of Juhnsou, and iu other works which shall be cited before we con- clude our notice. •• t>f our friend Goldsmith he [Johnson] said. *Sir. he is so much afraid of being unuoticed, tliat he often tallis merely lest you should forget that he is in the coDip;iny.' BoswtLL: 'Yes, he stands forward.' Johnson: -True, sir, but if a man is to stand forward, he should wish to do it not io au awkward posture, not in rajjs. not so as that he shall be exposed to ridicule.' Boswell: 'For my part, 1 like very well to hear honest tioldsmith talk away carelessly.' Johnson : ' Why, yes, sir, but he should not like to hear himself The misfortune of Goldsmith's conversa- tion is this: he goes on without knowing how he is to get off. His genius is great, but his knowledge is small. As they say of a generous man, it is a pity he is not rith. we may say of Goldsmith, it is a pity he is not knowing. He would not keep his knowledge to himself. . . . Sir, he knows nothing, he has made up his mind about nothing. . . . No man was more foolish when he had not a pen in his hand, or more wise when be had. . . . Goldsmith should not be forever attempting to shine in conversation : he has not temper for it, he is so much mortified when he fails. Sir, a game of jokes is composed partly of skill, partly of chance, as a man may be beat at times by one who has not the tenth part of his wit. Now Goldsmith's putting himself against another, is like a man laying a. huudrcd to one who cannot spare the hun- dred. It is not worth a man's while.' " Boswell gives us a characteristic illustration of the candid manner in which Goldsmith would let the company know what was passing in his mind : "Goldsmith, iu his diverting simplicity, complained one day, in a mixed company, of Lord Camden : — 'I met him,' said he. ' at Lord Clare's house in the country, and he took no more notice of me than if I had been an ordinary man.' " The laugh which Burke raised at his expense on the occa- tion of the visit of some foreign ladies to London is an- other proof that the popular poet, the charming novelist, the successful dramatist, and the witty essayist, was not disposed to underrate his claims to public admiration. It is natural to wish to know something of the personal appearance and social manners of those in whose works or character we take an interest : *' In person," says Judge Day, - he was short, .ibout five feet five or six inches; strong, but not heavy, in make: rather fair in com- plexion, with brown hair; such, at least, as could be distinguished from his wig. His featui-es were plain, but not repulsive, — cer- tainly not so when lighted up by conversation. His manners were simple, natural, and perhaps on the whole, we may say. not polished; at least without the refinement and good breeding whii.h the exquisite polish of his compositi'-us would lead us to exp-it He was always cheerful and animated, often, indeed, boisterous in his mirth; entered with spirit into convivial society; contributed largely to its enjoyments by solidity of information, and the naivete and originality of his i-haracfer; talked often without premeditation, and lavighed ]"ndly wilhout restraint." But we promised to gratify the reader with the citations of some opinions, in addition to the many which we have already recorded, respecting the merits of several of Gold- smith's most admired works, and his general characteristics as a writer. This promise it now becomes us to fulfil. The Vicar of Wakefield: " Now Herder came, and together with his great knowledge brought many other aids, and the later publications besides. Among these he announced to us the ' A'icar of Wakefield' as an excellent work, with the German translation of which he would make us acquainted by reading it aloud to us himself. . . . The delineation of this character [that of the 'excellent Wakefield'] on bis course of life through joys and sorrows, the ever-increasing int-nst of the story, by the combination of the entirely natural witli the strange and the .singular, make this novel one of the best which has ever been written. ... I may suppose that my readers know this work, and have it in memory ; whoever hears it named for the first time here, as well as he who is induced to read it again, will thank me."— Goethe : Truth and Poetry ; from 3Ii/ Own Life, Eiiglis?i trans. The great German dwells at length upon the merits of the work, but we must be content with our brief quota- tion. He •• Declared in his eighty-first year that it was his delight at the age of twenty, that it had in a manner formed a part of his educa- tion, influencing his taste and feelings throughout life, and that he had recently read it again from beginning to end, with re- newed delight, and with a grateful sense of the early benefit de- rived from it." This testimony will remind the reader of the eloquent tribute of the Great Magician of the North : "The admirable ease and grace of the narrative, as well as the pleasing truth with which the principjil characters are designed, make the Vicur nf Wahfuhl one of the most delicious morsels of fictitious composition on which the human mind was ever em- ployed. . . . We re.id the Vicar of Wahrfeld in youth and in atre; We return to it again and again, and bless the memory of an author who contrives so well to reconcile us to human nature."— j>iiL Wai.tir Sour: Life of Goldsmith. . ;• The humanity of the Vicar of Wakefield is less deep than that of Hoft.'rick Kandom, but sweeter tinges of fancy are cast over it. The sphere in which Goldsmith's power moved was never very ex- tensive, but within it he discovered all that was good, and shed on it the tenderest lights of his sympathizing genius. No one ever excelled so much as he in depicting amiable follies and en- dearing weaknesses. His satire makes us at ouce smile at and love all that he so tenderly ridicules. The good Vicar's trust in monogamy, his son's purehase of the spectacles, his own sale of his horse to his solemn admirer at the tiiir, the blameless vanities of his daughters, and his resignation under his accumulated sor- rows, are among the best treasures of memory. The pastoral scenes in this exquisite tale are the sweetest in the world. The scents of the hay-field and of the blossoming hedge-ivws seem to come freshly to our senses. The whole romance is a tenderly- coloured picture, in little, of human nature's most genial quali- ties.*'— Sir T. N. Talfoup.d: Afiscdl Wn'timjs. " It is needless to expatiate upon the qualities of a work which has thus passed from country to country, and language to lan- guage, until it is now known throughout the whole reading world, and is become a household book in every hand. The secret of its universal and enduring populaiity is undoubtedly its truth to natuie. but to nature of the most amiuMe kind; to nature such as Goldsmith saw it. . . . Rogers, the Nestor of British literature, whose refined purity of taste and exquisite mental organization rendered him eminently calculated to appreciate a woi'k of the kind, declared that of all the books, which, through the fitful changes of three generations he had seen rise and fall, the charm of the Vicar of Wakefield had alone continued as at first ; and could he revisit the world after an interval of many more genera- tions, he should as surely look to find it undiminished." — Wash- ington Irving; Life of Goldsmith. We give some opinions from other biographers and ad- mirers of Goldsmith : " Fortunately he had just finished his delightful history of the Ticar of Wjikefield; a tale which, if I may without presumption speak my own opinion, I should fur sweetness and simplicity of style, truth of circumstance, adherence to nature, easy change of incident, bright and clear delineation of character, apart from all violent exaggeration, and command at once of the humourous and pathetic, place among the very foremost productions of fiction. It has the truth of Richardson without his minuteness, and the humour of Fielding without his grossness : if it yields to Le Sage in the diversified variety of his views of life, it far excels him in the desciiplion of the domestic virtues, and the pleasing moral of the tale." — Rev. John Mitford : Life of Goldsmith. " With its ease of style, its turns of thought so whimsical yet wise, and the humour and wit which sparkle freshly through its narrative, we have all of us profitably amused the idle or the vacant hour; from year to year we have had its tender or mirthful incidents, its forms so homely in their beauty, its pathos and its comedy, given back to us from the canvas of our Wilkes, Newtons, and Stothards, our Leslies, Maclises. and Mulreadys; but not in those graces of style, or even in that home cherished gallery of familiar faces, can the secret of its extraordinary fascination be said to consist. It lies nearer the heart. A something which has found its way there; which, while it amused, has made us hap- pier; which, gently inweaving itself with our habits of thought, has increased our good-humour and charity; which, iu.sensibly it may be. has corrected wilful impatiences of temper, and made the woild's daily accidents easier and kinder to us all: somewhat thus should be expressed. I think, the charm of the Vicar of \V- servient to an ethii'al purpose, and this purpose is never left out of sight. The descriptive passages are all vivid, but some of them are imperfect. Italy, for instance, in its prominent aspects, is boldly sketched. We are transported to the midst of its moun- tains, woods, and temples; we are under its sunny skies, we are embosomed In its fruits and flowers, we breathe its fiagi*ant air, and we are charmed by its matchless landscapes; but we miss the influence of its arts, and the solemn impression of its former graudeur. We are made to survey a uatiim in degeneracy and decay ; but we are not relieved by the glow of RafTael, or excited by the might of the Coliseum." — IIenrt Giles: Lectures and Es- says: Oliver Goldsmith. The Desertep Village; a Poem: "The Deserted Village has an endearing locality, and introduces us to beings with whom the imagination contracts an intimate friendship. Fiction in poetry is not the reverse of truth, but her soft and enchanted resemblance; and this ideal beauty of nature has been seldom united with so much sober fidelity as in the groups and scenery of the Deserted Village." — Thomas Campbell. '•The Deserted Village is a poem far inferior to The Traveller, though it cont;tius many beautiful passages. I do not enter into its pretensions to skill in political economy, though, in that respect, it contains a strange mixture of important truths. My business is with the poetry. Its inferiority to its predecessor [The Traveller] arises from its comparative want of compression, as well as of fon'o and novelty of imagery. Its tone of melancholy is more sickly, and some of the descriptions which have been most praised ai'o marked by all the poverty and flatness, and indeed are peopled with the sort of comic aud grotesque figures, of a Flemish land- scape."— Sir S. JiGERTON Brvdoes; Life of GoUlamith in Censiira Litcrnria. Read this remarkahle piece of criticism, — that on The Deserted Village, — with which we imagine lew readers will concur. "ilm the tells the transport with which the circle he now lived in hatli-d it. when they found tln-nisehes once more as in another beloved Wakefield; and with what zeal he at once set to work to translate it into German. One tribute he did not hear, and was never conscious of; yet from truer heart or finer genius ho bad none, ami none that should have given him greater pride. Gray was pas-ill:^ tbe siunnier at Malvern (the last summer of his life) with bis fi ii-nd Ni'bi'lls. when the poem came out; and he desired ^■ichl.)lls f'l read it alnud to him. He listened to it with fi.\ed nt^ teution from the beginning to the end. and then exclaimed, "That man is a poet.' . . . All the characteristics of the first poem (Tbe Traveller] seem to me developed in the second; with as chaste simplifity, with as choice selectness of natuial expression, in verso of as musical cadence; but with yet greater earnestness of pur- pose, and a tar more human interest. . . . Within the circle of its claims and preleiisidos. a more entirely satisfactory delightful poem than the Deserted \'illage was probably never written. It lingers in the memory whei'e once it has entered; and such is the soften- ing influence (on the heart even more than the underst.anding) of the mild, tender, yet clear light which makes its images sn distinct and lovely, that there are few who have not wished to rate it hiL'her than poetry of yet higher genius. ' What true and pretty pastoral images,' exclaimed Burke, years after the poet's death, ■ has Gold- smith in his Deseited Villagel They beat all : Pope and I'hillips, and Sppnscr too. in my opinion.'" — John Forster: Li f • nf Gobi smith. *'Aswg do not pretend in this summary memoir to go into a criticism or analysis of any of Goldsmith's wi-itiugs. we shall not dwell upon the peculiar merits of this poem; we cannot help no- ticing, however, how truly it is a mirror of the author's heart, and of all the fond pictures of early fiiends and early life forever present there. It seems to us as if the very last acmunts received fimn home, of his ■ shattered family,' and tin- di-s<.]:itinn that siemed to have Settled upon the haunts of his ious without e.\uberance. exact without constraint, and easy without weakness." — Dr. Johnsox : Life if Dr. Parnell. "Whether, indeed, we take him as a poet, as a comic writer, or as a historian, be stinds in the first class. ... He deserved a place in Westminster Abbey ; and every year he lived would have de- served it better.'' — Dr. Johnson : Lip by BnsioeU. On another occasion, when Goldsmith's character was attacked by some who were dining at Sir Joshua Rey- nolds's, Johnson exclaimed with warmth, *' Is there a man, sir, now, who can pen an essay with such ease and elegance as Dr. Goldsmith ?" "Tbe wreath of Goldsmith is unsullie.I; be wrote toexalt virtu© and expose vice; and he accomplished bis task in a niannerwhich raises him to the highest rank among British authors. We close his volume with a sigh that such an author should have written so little from the stores of his own genius, and that he should have been so prematurely removed from the sphere of literature which he so highly adorned." — Sir Walter Scott: Life evii_es, Ae. before the Quecuc's Mnjestie and the J'rench Ambassadors in Whitsun weekc, loSl. "Only oiif ''"pv known." — Lnwndes^s Bibl. Mini. Sold at different times at £6 6« to £S ISv 6c/. It is re- printed in Nichols's Progresses of Q. Elizabeth. Goldwin, Wm. Serms., 1707-Sl. Poet. Descrip. of Bristol, 17ol, 8vo. Revised by T. Smart. Golledge, John. 1. Adam's Death. Lon., 1789, '90, Svo. 2. Ahx. Crumbie's Phil. Necess., 1799, 12mo. Golovin, Ivan, b. ISIO, in Russia, educated at Berlin and Heidelberg; was exiled by the Czar in 1843, and be- came a naturalized Englishman in \Si6. 1. Political Science to teach Sovereigns how to Govern. 2. Russia under Nicholas. 1845. This w()rk attracted considerable attention throughout Europe, and was translated into seve- ral languages. 3. The Russian Political Catechism. 4, Memoirs of a Russian Priest. 5. The Caucasus and the Nations of Russia and Turkey, 1S33. He visited the U.S. in 1S55. and pub. a series of Letters in the N.Y. Tribune, and the Nat. Intelligencer, at Washington. On his return to England, he issued a volume entitled (G) Stars and Stripes; or, American Impressions. Golt. Divine Hist, of the Genesis of the World, 1670, 4to. Golty, Richard. Serm., Lon., IGSS, 4ti>. Gomersal, or Goiner^all, Robert, n;00-1646, a native of London, educated at Christ Church, 0.\f., became Vicar of Thornconibe, Devonshire. 1. The Levite's Re- venge, containing Poetical Meditations on Judges, chaps. iix. and xx., Lon., 162S, '33, Svo. 2. Lodowick Sforza, Duke of Milan ; a Tragedy, 1628, '32, 12mo. With No. 1, ^c, 1633, '38, 12mo. " He was esteemed excellent for dramatic poetry." — Athen. Ozon. 3. Serms. on 1 Pet. ii. 13-16, Camb.. 1634, 4to. '*A very tlorid preacher." See Bliss's ed. of Athen. Oxon., where will be found a ppeciinen of tJomersall's poetry. Goniersall, Mrs. A, 1. Eleanora; a Nov., Lon., 1789. 2 vols. 12ino. 2. The Citizen; a Nov., 1790, '91, 2 vols. 12nio. 3. The Disappointed Heir, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo. Gonim, James. Narrative of Events in St. Marcou, Lon.. ISUI, '07, 8vo. Gomni, John. Hist. Inquiry resp. the performance on the Hiirp in the Highlands of Scotland, 1807, 4to. Gompertz, Benj. Mathematics, 1817, Ac. Gonipertz, John. 1. Time, or Light and Shade; a Poem, 4to. 2. The Modern Antique, or The Muse in the Costume of Queen Anne; a Poem, Svo. See Anti-Jac. Rev., Nov. ISIS. 3. Devon; a Poem, Svo. Gouson, Sir John. Charges to Juries, 1728, '29, *fee. Gonzales, 3Ianoel. Voyage to Great Britain. This will be found in vol. i. of Osborne's Voyages, and in vol. ii. of Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels. It was written by an Englishman — perhaps by Daniel Defoe. Gooch, Benjamin, D.D., an eminent surgeon. Sur- gery, Lon., 1758, Svo. Enlarged, Norw., 1767, 2 vols. Svo. Appendix, Lon., 1773, Svo. Profess, con. to PhiL Trans., I7H9. 7.'). Gooch, Bernard. The Whole Art of Husbandrie, Lon., 1614, 4to. We find this in the Bibl. Brit., but doubtless it is Barnaby Googe's Eouro Bookes of Hus- bandrie. 4th ed. Gooch, Eliza S. V. R. Novels, &c., 17SS-1804. Gooch, Robert, M.D., 1784-1830, a native of Yar- mouth, practised in Croydon, and subsequently in Lon- don, (from ISU,) with great reputation and success. 1. Diseases peculiar to Women, Lon., 1829, Svo. 3 eds. have appeared in America. ''Distinguished in a very uncommon degree for originality, precision, aud vigour of thought." — Dr. Fergusson: Lon. Qiiar. Eev., sli. K3-1S3. Read this interesting essay on iusanity, Ac. "The most valuable work on that subject iu any language; the chapters on puerperal fever and puerperal madness are pruhably the most important additions to practical medicine of the present age." — Lives »/ Bi-ilish r/it/sidans. 2. Women and Children, Svo. 3. Compendium of Mid- wifery, prepared by George Skinner, 12mo. 4 eds. in America. '■Among these great masters [of medical science] Robert Gooch will always staod pre-eminent." — Amer. Jour. Med. Science. '■Never was a man more desirous of doing all in his jiower to- wards diuiiuishing the sum of human misery." — Kobert Southet: Life and O/rresp., q. v. Gooch was a contributor to the Lon. Quar. Rev., and pub. iu that periodical some valuable papers on the Plague, Anatomy, Ac. See Lives of Brit. Physicians, No. 14 of Murray's Family Library. Gooch, Sir Thomas, Bart, d. 1754; Bishop of Bris- tol, 17tJ7 ; trans, to Norwich, 1738; to Ely, 1748. 1. Serm., 1711, 4to. 2. Funl. Serm., \1\?>, Svo and 4to. 3. Fast Serm., 1740. 4to. Gooch, Rev. W. General View of the Agricult. of Cambridgeshire, Lon., 1811, Svo. '■ The work is very neatly performed, and in a superinr manner. The authnr shows a very liberal spirit on agiicultural pnlicy. and much sound knowledge on piactical subjects.'" — Donaldson's Agi'ir cult. Biiiij. Good, B. Hanover Treaty, Lon., 1727, Svo. Good, J. E. Serm. on the Mount, 1829, Svo. "Thfse lectures are very perspicuous, resembling windows of clear rather than painted glass; they are of very convenient length, and much like a pious and beuevolent companion, who, if he travels with you but a shoit way, gives you much and ;ood informalinn." — Lwn. Bnptist Mag. Good, Joliii. Works ..n Dialling. Lon.. 1711, '30, Svo. Good, John Mason, M.D., 17fi4-1827. one of the most probnindly learned Englishmen of modern days, waa a native of Epping, Essex, and the son of a dissenting mi- nister. At tifteen he was i)hiced apprentice with a surgeon at Gosport, and in 17S4 coninienced praclice at Sudbury. In 171*3 he removed to London, where he practised as a surgeon and apothecary, and in 1S20, having received a diploma from the University of Aberdeen, became a phy- sician. An interesting biographical sketch of Dr. G. will be found in the Lou. Gent. Mag. for March, IH27 ; and a Memoir of his Life was pub. by his friend Dr. Olinllius Gre- gory, Lon., 1S2S, Svo. 1. Maria; an Elegiac Ode, Lon., 1786, 4to. 2. Diseases of Prisons and Poor-Houyes, 1795, 12mo. 3. Hist, of Medicine as far as it relates to the pro- fession of an Apothecary, 1795, 12mo. 4. Piuish Work- houses, 179S, 1805, Svo. 5. Address to the Corp. of Sur- geons, 1800, Svo. 6. Song of Songs, or Sacred Idyls, Trans, from the Hebrew, with notes crit. and explan., 1803, Svo. "Dr. Good considers the Song of Solomon neither a continued epithalamium nor a regular drama, but a collection of idyls on a common subject, — the loves of the Hebrew monarch and his fair bride. Into the mystical design of the poem (though, with Lowth and liorner. he believed it to h:tve one) he enters little; so that the spirituality of the liibie nowhere appears in the version or the notes. Admitting his hypothesis to be cori-ect. and con- sidering the Song of Songs merely as an oriental collection of love- songs, Dr. Goods version cannot be denied the praise of elegance and general accuracy. He fir.st gives a kind of literal prose trans- lation, and then, on the opposite page, a metrical version. 'J'he notes follow at the end, and di.splay a great prolusion of ancient and modern learning. As lar as religion is concerned, however, tUe.reader may as well cousult the odes of Horace or the pastorals of Virgil."— Orjne'ji Bild. Bib. "So much elegant learning and successful illustration we have seldom seen within so email a compass as the presL'Ut volume." — Brit. Crit., O. S., xxvi. 454, 455. See also Lou. Mouth. Hev., N. S., xivii. oUi2-or.i. 7. Triumph of Britain; an Ode, 1S03. S. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Alex. Geddes, LL.D., 1803, Svo. See Geddes, Alexander, LL.D. 9. The Nature of Thing.s; a Didactic Pt.iem, trans, from the Latin of Titus Lucretius Cams, with the original text and Notes philolog. and es.- plan., 1805-07, 2 vols. 4to. " A noble translation; the notes contain a vast vaiiety of mis- cellaneous literature." — DR.CLAUtiE. ■'These vast volumes are more like the work of a learned Ger- man professor, than of an ungraduated Knglishman. They dis- play e.stensive eiudilion, considerable judgment, and some taste; yet, upon the wliolo, tbey are e.\tremely heavy and uninteresting, and the le^iding emnti^ju they excite in the reader is that of sym- pathy with the fatigue the author must have undergone in the compilation. . . . The truth is, that Mr. Good, though very intelli- gent, is veiy indiscriminate in the selection of his informalion; and though, for the most part, sufticiently candid and judicious in his remarks, is at the same tini.- iutnlerably dull and tedious. He has no vivacity; no deii.acy of t;i,-ie or fancy; very little origi- nality ; Jiud a gift of extreme piolixity. His prose is better than bis poetry ; his reasonings are mojo to be trusted to than his criti- cism; and his statements and explanations are of more value than his argument." — Lmui Jeffrey: Bdin. Bev., x. 217-".i34. *' Almost every polished langu.age, Asiatic as well as European, is laid under coutiibution; and the versions which uniformly accompany the numerous parallelisms and i|Uotations are. for the most part, executed iu a masterly style," — Lon. Gent. Mug., xcvii. 277. 10. Oration on the Structure and Physiology of Plants, 1808, Svo. 11. Essay on Medical Technology. ISIO, Svo. This essay gained the Fothergillian Medal. 12. The Book of Job literally trans, from the Hebrew and restored to its natural arrangement; with Notes crit. and ilhist., and an Introduct. Dissert., 1S12, Svo. A critique on this version appeared in the Eclectic Kev. for Feb. 1816; to this Dr. Good replied, and a rejoinder followed in the number for Dec. ISIG. "Ko work of criticism in the language affords such a display of acquaintance with ancient and modei-n languages. ... Dr. Good is a firm believer in the antiquity of the book, contends that Moses was the writer of it, and that it contains the great pi iuciples of the patriarchal faith. . . . His translation is the most valuaMe work on Job in the English language, and must materially assist any iniii- 097 GOO GOO vidiiftl in the interpretation of that difficult book."— Orwi^'s Btht. Bib. "On the whole, we rejrard this work as a valuable accession to our stock of sacred literature ; and we can recommend it with con- fidence to th« bililical student, as contaiiiinj; a great mass of use- ful information and valuable criticism." — Lon. Christian Obaervej; sii. 306. 13. New ed. of Mason's Self-knowledge; with a Life of the Author and Notes, 1812, 8vo. Dr. Good's mother was Miss Pejto, the favourite niece of John Mason. 14. A Physiological System of Nosology, 1SI7, 8vo. "It bids fair to supersede every attempt which has hitherto been made in the difficult provinces of medical technology and sys- tematic arrangemeut." — Lmi. Gent. Mag., xcvii. 277. 15. Sketch of the Revolution in 1688. 16. In conjunc- tion with Olinthus Gregory, LL.D., editor, and Newton Bosworth, Pautalogia ; or Encyclopaedia, comprising a Ge- neral Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, pub. periodically, completed in 1813. 12 vols., with neaily 400 engravings, r. Svo, X20. 17. The Study of Medicine, 1822, 4 vols. Svo ; 3d ed., 1832, 5 vols. 8vo, i3 15s. ; edited by Samuel Cooper, M.D., F.K.S., Prof, of Surgery in the Univ. of London, «fcc. '•If the general tenor of his book .... (what seems to me to be the fact) .... be so excellent that no other modern system is, on the whole, half so valuable as the Study of Mediciue. it.s imper- fections will be induli^ently re','arded by every liberal critic, and its genuine merit warmly admired." — Dr. Cooper, the edittudy of Medicine, and Cooper's Surgical Dictionary, need look around him for little more that is either scientitic. useful, or practical, in any branch of his profession." — Lon. Lancet, 'Ho. 304. '* ^Ve hare no hesitation in pronouncing the work, beyond all conip:iiison. the best of its kind in the English language." — Lon. M'dici>-Chirurg. Rt-v. '• As a work of reference, at once systematic and comprehensive, it has no rival in medical literature." — Lon. Mxl. Gaz. American ed. pub. by Harpers, N. York, 2 vols. Svo, with Notes by A. S. Doane, M.D., &c. 18. The Book of Nature, 1826, 3 vols. Svo; 3d ed., corrected, 3 vols. fp. Svo. Contents. — Vol. L Nature of the Material World, and the Scale of Unorganized and Organized Tribes that issue from it. On Matter and a Material World; on Geology j on Organized Bodies, and the Structure of Plants compared with tliat of Animals; on the Principle of Life; on the Bones, &c.; on the Digestive Functions; on the Circula- tion of the Blood; on the Processes of Nutrition; on the External Senses of Animals. Vol. II. Nature of the Ani- mate World; its Peculiar Powers and External Relations; Means of Communicating Ideas; Formation of Society. Vol. III. Nature of the Mindj its General Faculties and Furniture. " This volume i.s designed in take a systematic, but popular, sur- vey of the most interesting features of the general science nf na- ture, for the purpose of elucidating what has been fuund obscure, controverting and correcting what has been felt erroueous, and developing, by means of original views and hypotheses, mm-h of ■what yet remains to be more satisfactorily explained." — Prrfuce. *'The work is certainly the best Philosophical digest of the kind which we have seen." — Li>n. Month. Reo. 19. Thoughts on Select Texts of Scripture, 12mo. 20. Historical Outline of the Book of Psalms, by Neale, Svo; by Henderson, 1854, Svo. Dr. Good contributed many papers to the periodicals of the day, and was for some time editor of the Analytical and Critical Review, and, we be- lieve, of the New Annual Register, and the Gallery of Na- ture and Art. His review of the Junius controversy — see our article on Junius — is one of the finest pieces of criti- cism of modern times. There are few names that cast greater lustre upon the archives of British Medical Science and philological learning than that of John Mason Good. Good, Kev, Joseph. Poems, Lon., 1792, Svo. Good, Thomas, D.D., Master of Baliol Coll., Oxf. Fermiauus et Dubi tan tins ; or, Dialogues concerning Atheism, Infidelity, and Popery, Oxf., 1671, Svo. Good, Thomas, Rector of Ashley, Worcestershire. Thanksgiving Serm. on Matt. v. 9, 1715, 4to. Good, Thomas. Speech in H. of Commons, 1800, 8v... Good, Wm. Measurers and Tradesman's Assistant, Edin., 1775, Svo. Goodacre, Robert. Educational,&c.works,lS03-12. Goodal, or Goodall, Walter, 17116-1766. a Scotch antic^uary, a native iy( Banffshire, educated at King's Coll., Aberdeen, became librarian of the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, and assisted Thomas Ruddimau in compiling the catalogue of that library upon the plan of the Biblio- theca Cardinalis Imperialis; it was pub. in 1742, fob 1. An Exam, of the Letters said to be written by Mary Queeu of Scots to James, Earl of Bothwell, shewing by intrinsic 69a evidence that they are forgeries. Also an Enquiry into the Murder of King Henry, Edin., 1751, 2 vols. Svo. 2. An edit, with Eniendatory Notes of Sir John Scott's Stagger- ing State of Scots Statesmen, 1754. 3. An Introduc. to the Hist, and Antiq. of Scotland, Lon., 1769, Svo; Edin., 1773, 12mo. Originally written in Latin, and prefixed to hisedit. of Forduu's Scotichronicon : see Fokdun, John De. *' His edition of Fordun was not executed with judgment." He contributed also a Pref. and Life to Sir J;imes Bal- four's Practicks, and some articles to Keith's New Cata- logue of Scotch Bishops. Goodall, Baptist, merchant. The Tryall of Trauell; or, 1. The Wonders in Trauell. 2. The Wortlies of Trauell. 3. The Way to Trauell. In three boukes Epitomized, Lon., 1630, 4to. A poetical work of 40 leaves. Sir M. M. Sykes, Pt. 1, 1329, £5. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 314. £12 12s. Goodall, Charles, M.D. 1. The College of Physi- cians vindicated against the Corner Stone, Ac., Lon., 1674, '76, Svo. 2. Hist, of the Roy. Coll. of Physicians, &c., 1684, 4to. 3. Hist. Acct. of the Colb's proceedings against Empyrics, Ac, 16S4, 4to. Goodall, Charles. Poems and Translations, Lon., 1689, Svo. Anon. Goodall, Henry, D.D., Archdeacon of Suffolk and Preb. uf Norwich. Serins., 1741, '51, '60. Goodall, John. Liberty of the Clergy by the Laws of the Realm. Printed tii^q>'ll^n. VIII. by R". Weir. Goodcole, Rev, lienry. 1. Eras. Robinson, Lon., 1618, 4to. 2. The Prodigal's Tears, 1620, Svo. 3. Prayers, Ac, 1620, Svo. 4. London's Cry, 1620, 4to. 5. Eliz. Saw- yer, 1621, 4to. Goode, Francis. 1. The Better Covenant, 5th ed., Lon., 1S48, fp. Svo. Highly commended. 2. Serms. on Doctrine, Practice, and Experience, 1838, Svo. 3. Serm. before the Ch. Miss. Soc. 1838, Svo. 4. Watch-Words of Gospel Truth, 12mo. 5. Posthumous Serm?., Svo. Goode, Wm, 1. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to. 2. Serm., 1646, 4to. Goode, Wm., 1762-1816. a native of Buckingham, entered of Magdalen Hall, Oxf., 1780 ; succeeded Mr. Ro- maine as Rector of St. Ann's, Blackfriars, London, 1795. 1. A New Version of the Book of Psalms, Lon., ISll, 2 vols. Svo. "A useful help to the devotional understanding: of the Psalms, which are here translated into Enj^lish verse, and in various metres." — llm-ne's Bibl. Brit. *■ The poetical execution of Goode's version never rises above mediocrity." — Loti. Eclectic Rev, 2. Essays on all the Scriptural Names and Titles of Christ, 1822, 6 vols. Svo. '■A most valuable elucidation of all the Scriptural Titles of the Redeemer." — LI. Amer. Jurisp. in Contrast with the Doet. of Eng. Com. Law, Steuben., Ohio, 1819, 8vo. '•The professed ol'.iect of the author is to prove that the Courts in Ohio were not ywissessed of Common Law Jurisdiction, and more espeeially iu the case of crimes and offences at Common Law. The hook is exceedinjcly scarce, less than one hundred copies having been piinted." — Marvin's Lf'j. BUjl.; GriJJHh's Law Reff.,3SS; 12 Amcr. Jttr., SSi. Goodfellow, J. Universal Directory; or. Complete P. Assistant for Masters of Ships, Ac, Lon., 1779, Svo. Goodhugh, Will., a learned bookseller of London, d. 1842, aged 13. 1. Crit. Exam, of Bellamy's Trans, of the Bible, 1822. 2. Gate to the French, It;iliiin, and Span- ish Languages unlocked. 3. Gate to the Hebrew, Arabic, and Syriac unlocked by a new and easy method of learn- ing the Accidents, 1827, Svo. 4. The English Gentle- man's Library Manual; or, A Guide to the Formation of a Library of Select Literature, accompanied with original Notices, Biograjdiical and Critical, of Authors and Books, 1S27, 8vo. This volume does not exhibit a very compre- hensive catalogue of books, but contains some good criti- cism and several interesting items of literary history. 5. A Course of XII. Lectures on the Study of Biblical Lite- rature, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Re-issued under the title of Lec- tures on Biblical Literature. "An admirable manual of topics connected with the history and interpielatiMU of the Scriptures. The autlior not only discovers a Lnui-Lthle entliusiasm for his subject, but he treats it like a master." —Lmi. Ihniinij. M'tj. '■ It is with much plea.sure we aeain meet a frentlcman to whom the theological world is undergreat oblii^ations for the very masterly manner iu which he exjiosed the incompetency of .John Bellamy to the task of improving the received version of the Bible. . . . We warmly recommend this work [the Lectures] to the attention of all who would render themselves familiar with the literature of the Bible." — Lon. Evaiujd. Mag., 1S3.S. 5tt5. 6. The Bible Cyclopedioe. Mr. G. only lived to prepare this work to the letter R. It was pub. in 2 vols., fol. He had been engaged in its compilation for the three years preceding his death. In 1840 he issued proposals for a society to be calleil the Dugdale Society, for the elucida- tion of Brilish Family Antiquity. But the project was not encouraged. Goodiiige, Tlios. Law ag.B'krupts,1719,'29, '41, Svo. Goodi!>oii, Will. An Hist, and Topog. Essay upon the Islands of Corfu, Leucadia, Cephalonia, Ithaca, and Zante, Lon., 1822, Svo, pp. 267, with Maps and Sketches. '•An interestiog little volume, containing much curious matter not unworthy the attention of the scholar and the antiquary." — Loiimdiis's Bthl. Man. Goodlad, Wm. Absorbent System, Lon., 1814. Svo. Goodniiiii, Christopher, 1520?-1001? a Puritan divine, educated at Brasenose Coll., 0.vf., was a prominent advocate of the Reformation in Scotland. 1. How far Su- perior Powers ought to be obeyed of their Subjects, Ge- neua, 1568, 16mo. "An absurd and factious pamphlet against Queen Mary." See Warton's Hist, of Kng. Poetry. '■Christopher Goodman almost filled up every chapter in this book with railing speeches against the Queen, [Mary of England.] and stirr'd up the people to rebel against her." — Heylin's Hist, of the I^e/annation. 2. A Commentary upon Amos. Wood erroneously as- cribes to Goodman John Knox's book, entitled The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women. For accrmnts of Goodman, see Knox, John; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Strype's Life of Parker; Scott's Lives of the Scotch Reformers ; Peck's Desiderata, ■vol. i. '• The truth is. Goodman was a most violent nonconformist, and for rigidness he went tieyond his friend Calvin, who remembers and mentions him in his epistles. 1561." — At/ten. Oxon. Goodman, Godfrey, 1583-1655, an English prelate, "and the only one who forsook the Church of England for that of Rmne since the Reformation," was a native of Ruthvyn, Denbighshire, and educated at Westminster School and Trin. Coll., Camb. ; Dean of Rochester, 1620; Bishop of Gloucester, 1625; suspended by Archbishop Laud, 1639 : soon after his suspension he became a member of the Church of Rome. He pnb. a treatise on the Fall of Man, 1624, 4to; Animad. on Hakcwill on Providence, Ac; but is best known to modern readers by his Hist, of his Own Times, comprising Memoirs of the Courts of Eliza- GOO beth and James I.; edited from the original MSS. by John S. Brewer, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. Svo. " An amusing and useful pntflicafion, abounding in anecdotes illustrative of the puldic characters of the latter end of Klizabeth's reign, and during the reign of James I. The bishop was a shrewd observer, and relates his tacts and observations in a sensible, lively, and unaffected style." — Lon. Times. Goodman, James. Serm. on Ps. Ixxvi. 4. Goodman, John, D.D., Rector of Hadham, Herts, and Archdeacon of Middlesex, pub. a Discourse on .\uri- cidar Confession, (see Gibson's Preservative, i. 10:) The Penitent Pardtmed. 1679, 4to, often reprinted ; some serms. and other theolog. treatise.?, 1674-97. Goodman, Tobias, a Jewish Rabbi. Trans, of Rabbi Judias's Investigation of Causes, Ac. ; containing theolog. sentences, Lon., 1808, 12mo. Goodrich, Rev. Charles A., of Hartford, Conn. 1. Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence, Hartford, 1829, 8vo, pp. 469; Lon. and N. York, 1836. Svo. 2. Hist, of the U. States of America. New ed., Boston, 1852, 12mo, pp. 425. The last ed. of this excellent work brings diic»tion. T A Comprehensive Geography and History, Ancient auj Modern. 4tn 1849... The National Geography. 4tn 1849... A Primer of History, for Beginners at Home and School. 24mo 1850... A Prioier of Geography, for Home and School, With Maps 1850.. A t'irtnri.i! Ili-liPiyof the United States. 12mo 1846.. A inLturiil History of England. 12ino 1846.. A Pkt.iri.ll l[i-.l(irvof France. I2nio 1846.. A PiitoiKil llisi^ry of Greece. 12mo 1846.. A Pi.iniial Ui^turyof Rome. 12mo 1848... [lu tlie piepsralion of the pieceding five volumes, I had assistance from Dr. Alcott, Mr. J. Lowell, &e. I was largely assisted in the preparation of Kome by Mr. S. Kettell.] A Pictorial Natural History. 12mo 1842... 1 The Young American; or, A Book of Government and Law. 12mo 1842... 1 The Malte-Brun School Geography. 16mo 1830... 1 M.ips for the same. 4to 1830... 1 The Child's Own Book of Geography; or, The Western Hemisphere. With Maps. Squai'el2mo. (Outof print.) 1834... 1 Tbp Child's Own Book of Geugraphv ; or, The Kastern Hemisphere. With Maps. SriuarePimo. (Outof print.) 1S34. Goodrich's First Reader. ISmo 1846. Goodrich's Second Reader. ISmo 1846. Goodrich's Third Reader. ISmo 1840. Goodrich's Fourth Reader. 12mo 1846, Goodrich's Fifth Reader. 12mo 1846, Dftts of No. pubUcftiJoa. »oLb. as by Peter Parley; they have, however, passed under that name for several years.] Parley's Tales about Ancient Kome, with some account of Modern Italy. Square 16mo 1832... 1 Parley's Tales about Aucient and Modern Greece. Square 16mo 1833... 1 Histoire des liltats Unis d'Amerique. Published in Paris and the United States. 12mo 1853... 1 Petite Histoire Uuiverselle. Published in Paris and the United States. 12mo 1853... 1 [In the piuparation of some of these, I had the aid of N. Hawthorne and J. 0. Sargent, Esqs., ic] PARLEY'S MISCELLANIES. Parley's Cabinet Libraut : 20 vols, small 12mo, as follows: EIOGRAPIIICAL DEPARTMENT. 1. Lives of Famous Men of Modern Time.^i 1S44-5.. Lives of Famous Men of Ancient Times.. Curiosities of Human Nature Lives of Benefactors Lives of Famous American Indians.. Lives of Celebrated Women HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT. TALES UNDER THE NAME OF PETER PARLEY. The Tales of Peter Parley about America. Square 16mo. 1827... 1 Do. do. Europe. do. 1S2S... 1 Peter Parley's AVinter-Evening Tales. do. 1829... 1 Peter Parley's Juvenile Tales. do, 1830... 1 The Tale of' Peter Parley about Africa. do: 1830... 1 Do. do. Asia. do. 1830... 1 Poter Parley's Tales about the Sun, Moon, and Stars. Square lOmo 1830... 1 Peter Parley's Tales of the Sea. Square 16mo 1831... 1 Peter Parley's Tales about the Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Square liimo 1831... 1 Peter Parley's Method of Telling about Geography. Square 16mo 1830... 1 [This work was remodelled and reproduced in 1S44, under the name of" Parley's Geography for Begin- ners, at Home and School." Two millions of copies of it were sold: the publisher paid me three hun- dred dollars for the copy-right, and made his for- tune by it.j Peter Parley's Tales about the World. Square 16mo. (Out of print.1 1831... 1 Peter Parley's Tales about New York. Square 16mo. (put of print.) 1832... 1 Peter Parley's Tales about Great Biitain — Including Eng- land, Scotland, and Ireland. Square 16mo. (Out of print.) 1834... 1 Parley's Picture-Book. Square lOmo 1834... 1 Parley's Short Stories for Long Nights. Square 16mo.... 1S34... 1 Peter Parley's Book of Anecdotes. do 1836... 1 Parley's Tales about Animals. 12mo 1831... 1 Persevere and Prosper; or. The Siberian Sable-Hunter. 18mo 1843... 1 Make the Best of it; or. Cheerful Cherry, and other Tales. 18mo 1843... 1 Wit Bought; or. The Adventures of Robert Merry. ISmo. 1844... 1 What to do, and How to do it; or, Morals and Manners. ISmo 1844... 1 A Home in the Sea; or,TheAdventuresofPhilipBrusque. ISmo 1845... 1 Right is Might, and other Sketches. ISmo 1S45... 1 A Tale of the Revolution, and other Sketches. 18mo.... 1845... 1 Dick Boldhero; or. The Wonders of South America. ISmo. 1846... 1 Truth-Finder; or. Inquisitive Jack. ISmo 1846... 1 Take Care of No. 1 ; or, The Adventures of Jacob Karl. ISmo 1850... 1 Tales of Sea and Land 1846... 1 Every-Day Book. Square 16mo. (Out of print.) 1S35... 1 Parley's Present for All Seasons. 12mo 1853... 1 Parley's Wanderers by Sea and Land. 12mo 1854... 1 Parley's Fagots for the Fireside. 12mo 1854... 1 Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young Friends in various parts of Kurnpe, i2mo 1856... 1 Parley's Adventures of Gilbert Goahead. 12rao 1856... 1 Parley's Adventures of Billy Bump, all the way from Sundown to California. {In press.) 1857... 1 Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young Fiiends in the Holy Land and other parts of Asia. 12mo. (In press.) 1857... 1 PARLEY'S HISTORICAL COMPENDS. Peter Parley's Universal History on the basis of Geogra- phy. Large square lOmo 1837... 2 Peter Parley's Common School History. 12mo 1837... 1 The First Book of History for Children and Youth. Large square 12mo 1831... 1 The Second Book of History — Designed as a Sequel to the First Book of History. Large square 12mo 1832... 1 The Third Book of History — Designed as a Sequel to the First and Second Books of History. Squarel2mo 1833... 1 [The two preceding volumes were compiled under my direction, and were then remodelledby me, but were not published, nor were they intended to appear, 7. Lights and Shadows of American History 8. Lights and Shadows of European History 9. Lights and Shadows of Asiatic Hi.story 10. Lights and Shadows of African Histoi-y 11. History of the American Indians 12. Manners, Customs, and Antiquities of the Ameri- can Indians MISCELLANEOUS. 13. A Glance at the Sciences 14. Wonders of Geology 15. Anecdotes of the Animal Kingdom 16. A Glance at Philosophy 17. Book of Literature, with Specimens 18. Enterprise, Industry, and Art of Man.. 19. Manners and Customs of Nations 20. The World and its Inhabitants Parley's Panorama; or. The Curiositie."! of Nature and Art, History and Biography. Large 8vo, double co- lumns 1849... 1 Parley's Geography for Beginners. Square 16mo 1844... 1 [This is a reproduction and remodelling of '■ I'arley's Method of Telling about Geography for Children.''] Parley's Farewell. Large squarel6mo. (Out of print.)... 1836... 1 Parley's .Arithmetic. Square 16mo 1833... 1 Parley's Spelling-Book. (Out of print.) 1833... 1 Parley's Book of the United States. Square 16mo 1833... 1 Geographie Elemeutaire. 8vo 1S54... 1 [Published at Paris.] Elementary Geography. 8vo. With Maps 1834... 1 [Published in London.] Parley's Present. Small 24mo. (Out of print.) 1836... 1 Parley's Dictionaries — Of Botany, of Astronomy, of the Bible, of Bible Geography, of History, of Cuiumerce. Six vols, large square 16mo 1834... 6 Three Months at Sea, (an English book, with additions and mod iti cat ions.) Square 16mo 1832... 1 The Captive of Nootka Sound. Square 16mo 1832... 1 The Story of Capr. Riley. do 1832... 1 The Story of La Perouse. do 1832... 1 The Story of Alexander Selkirk. do 1833... 1 Bible Stories, (a London hook, with additions.) Square 16mo 1833... 1 Parley'.'? Magazine. Began 1832. Large square 12mo.... 1833... 1 [This work was planned and established by me: but after about a year I was obliged to relinquish it, from ill health and an affection of my eyes. It was conducted, withoutany interest or participation on my p;irt. for about twelve years, when it ceased.] Merry's Museum and Parley's Magazine. Large square 12mn. Commenced 1S41 1841... 28 [This work was begun and established by me, under the title of Merry's Museum, but after the discon- tinuance of Parley's Magazine the latter title was added. The work continued under my exclusive editorship until I left for Europe in 1850; from that time, while I bad a general chargeof the work. Rev. S. T. Allen was the home editor. At the close of the fourteenth year, (the twenty-eighth semi-annual volume. 1854,) my connection with the work en- tirely ceased.] " Bemarlcs. " 1 thus stand before the public as the author and editor of about one hundred and seventy volumes — one hundred and sixteen bear- ing the name of Peter Parley. Of all these, abnut seven millions of volumes have been sold: about three hundied thousand vo- lumes are now sold annually. '•A recent writer in the Boston Courier has said that the late Mr. S. Kettell was the ' Veritable Peter ParUif — thereby asserting, in effect, and conveying the impression, that, he being the author of the Parley Books, I, who have claimed them, am an impostor. He has, moreover, claimed for him, in precise terms, the actual authorship of various works which have appeared under my own proper name. For reasons which will appear hereafter, I deem it necessary to expose this impudent attempt at imposture — absurd and preposterous as it appears upon its very face. •• First, as to the Parley Books : — it will probably be sufficient for me to make the following statement. In respect to the thirty-six 701 GOO TOlumes of Farley's Tal4^s, in the preceding list, the earlier num- i bers of which began and gave currency to the entire Parley stries, no jirrson ea-cejtt m_i/sdf etier tvrote a siyigle sentence. " As tn I'arli y'ii I/isli>na.t! fmnprnds — some nine or ten volumes — I had tbe ii.ssislaiir.- i.l N. Hawthorne and J. 0. Sargent, Ksqs., and <>thi.Ms; hut Mr. K-ihil mrcr lurote a lint "f avyonn «/ theitil "As to I'arki/s Mi^i:dkuu(&—ahOMt fifty volumes — I had some assistance from several persons in about a dozen of them. Mr. Ketlell wrote a few sketches for five or six. volumes of the Cabinet Library, which 1 adapted to my purpose, and iust-rted: this is the whale exUnt nf his participittion in the entire Parley series — tme hun- dred and sixteen vfjliimes! *' J^&^ He ni^rr vrotr. jihinnrd. rfytfr>'iivd. or jYrrtmnh-il to hr the au- thor of a Sin'/lc vuJunn h.-,n-i,ni I'.nh-f^ H^nur. Th. /o.l.N'-r !/,.(s set up for htm^ smcr his th-xfU, /:■ lis j'l' l"i ^ '■'"/.; !'■■ '! IS iin/'llili lit and/alse. U ii;„ilil /„■. nxh-.-l, ahuut a^ VLU^onaUi- tu duimjui- hiin the authorship '•/' Don (^in.<-<>t,\ or Gil Blm, or I'lhjnm's I'royress, as thustogivr him lli.- till.- nf Hic 'Veritable refer I'arhy: "The writyr abuv*; iiutiued also claims for Mr. Kettell the chief authorship of Merry's Museum, extending to about thirty volumes largo octavo. This claim is disposed of by the following letter from i;ev. S. T. Allen— better qualified than any other person to be a witness in the case : — "■New York, Jan. 28, 1856. " S. G. GooDBiCH, Esq. : *• Dear Sir: — I have read the several articles in tb.- liostonrnurier, signed 'Veritas,' claiming for the late Mr. Kellill tln' aiilborship of Peter Parley's Tuks, Merry's Museum, Ac. As ynu reqii'St finiii me a statement as to my knowledge on the subject, 1 cheerfully give it. which you can publish if you please. " I purchased, with an as.'^ociate, the entire Merry's Museum in 1S4S or 1849, from the beginning in 1841. and have been its pub- lisher until October last; that is, over six years. I have nearly, from that time to the present, been its editor, wholly or In part, liuiing this period. Mr. Kettell has never written any thing for the work. It is within my knowledge that he wrote some articles in the earlier volumes, probably iu all not exceeding one hundred and eighty to two hundred pages. His principal articles were the 'Travels of Thomas Trotter' and 'Michael Kastoff;' these pos- sessed no particular merit, and did not aid or advance the reputar tjou of the work. "The articles by you, extending through fifteen volumes, nearly all of which have since been separately published as Peter Parley's Tales, gave lili-, < inulatitni, and characti!r to the work. 1 have had large opportunity tu judge of this matter, as 1 have been, for more than six years, in constant communication with the subscribers, {ten or twelve thousand in number,) and I say, unhesitatingly, that your articles iu the Museum have fully sustained your repu- tation as the ablest, best-known, and most popular writer for youth in this country. " 1 may say, furthermore, that I have lately been in Europe, and it is within my knowledge that Parley's works have been published there iu various languages, and are highly esteemed. " I further state that I have read your reply to the Boston Cou- rier and ' Veritas' of January 13. and so far as my knowledge ex- tends, and especially in respect to Merry's Museum, it is strictly correct. " I need hardly say, in conclusion, therefore, that I consider these claims of the Boston (.'ourier and 'Veritas,' in favour of Mr. Ket- tell, a.s wbitlly witlmut fnuiidation. ,1// ///((/ cm jirnprrly In' .sail! is, that, lint of fivr or sit thnasunil piifieii 'f Mrrrfs Mnsntm. h>: run- trihuted about two hundred puges, marked loUh no partiruhir ejcd- lence. The only qualification that need be made is, that 1 have understood that Mr. Kettell had some general superintendence of the work for about six months, while you were absent in Europe ; that is, from September. 1847, to March, 1848. Kven during this period, Mr. Kettell's labors seem to have been confined to writing a few small articles and reading the proofs. " Yours respectfully, Stephen T. Allen. " .605=- Here^ then, are eightrand-twenty vohtTnes of Merry\K Museum, in addition to eight y-eight. volumes of Parley's ivorks, rescued front the claims of this irholisidr litirary hnrglar. " Another claim in bcli/ilf of .■\ir. Kettell is, that he was the au- thor of various valualjlr ami inipurtant school-bonks, such as tbe Pictorial History of tbr l'ni(.-d Stairs. a Pictorial Histiny nf (irctc,', Ac. &C.&C. The subjoin, il b.lt.'r fmui Mr. George Sav.i-.-. ol the late- firm of Huntington A; Saiage, and now associated witli Mr. .1. II. Colton & Co., Map and Geography Publishers in ^■ew York, will settle this claim also. "Kew Fork, Jan. 31, 1856. <' Mr. Goodrich : "Pear Sir: — I have looked over the several attacks made upon you in the Boston Courier by 'Veritas.' claiming that Mr. Kettell was the author of several books «lii(b bear your name. I am acquainted with the history of scveial nf these works; and, so far as my knowledge extends, the sUitenients of ' Veritas' are entirely destitute of foundation. I can speak positively as to four of the books — the Geographies — ' Parley's,' the - Primer,' the ' National,' and the ' Comprehensive,' for I am. and have been for some years, their proprietor and publisher. I have also been interested in them from the beginning, and it is within my knowledge that you wrote them wholly and entirely. The statements of ■ Veritas' as to Mr. Kettell's authorship of the Pictorial History of Greece and the United States are equally untrue. '"Veritas' quotes a contract between you and Mr. Kettell of May 26, 184t.i were never fniishnl so us to be fd for the press. Their publie-Aion, as they VMn\ woubi have been fatal to the reputatiun of any man who should have taken the responsibility of them. It was my father's task, after having planned these works, to read and remodel the rough drafts of Mr. Kettell. to suit them to his own views, and to prepare them for the public eye. This was, in some cases, a more serious and liitiguing labor than it would have been to write the work from the beginning. I may add that at one period Mr. Ket- tell's manuscripts were referred to me for examination, and that I was empowered to accept or leject them. Somewhat later I had, for a time, occasion to remodel, adapt, and partly to re-write such portioDS as were accepted. " I h.ave. naturally, no wish to detract from the merits of Mr. Kettell. But in regard to the History nf All Nations, a work attributed by ' Verita.s' to the 'gr.iceful and flowing pen of Mr. Kettell,' I must state that five persons (Mr. Kettell, Kev. Mr.Kob- bins, of Berlin, Conn., Kev. Mr. Jenks, of Boston, my.self, and my father) were engaged upon it; the heaviest share— the plan, the fiUing. the refining, the systematizing, and the general views — falling upou the latter. Perhaps 'Veritas' will pardon me if I claim for myself the entire authorship of seventy-five pages, so cnnfidentlv attributed by him to the 'graceful and flowing pen of Mr, Ki-ttell." '•Tokr notice, Mr. Editor, that lappend my real name to t?iis com- munication. In controversies of this Irind. where lionor, truth, and the mcijitmance of n good name are invnlnil. anouymous corre- spi-mdence is held by the community to argw in its author meaytness, treachery, and cowardice. I think Mr. Ki-ttcll, were he living, would be the first to disavow this eager service in his behalf by his irresponsible advocate. 1 am yours, respectfully, " F. a. Goodrich. "I believe I may now leave this matter to the judgment of the public, with a few brief observations: " The enormous claims in behiilf of Mr. Kettell, set up by the Boston Courier and its anonymous cor re.spon dent ' Veritas,' have been disposed of as follows : " 1. Mr. Kettell never wrote a line of the thirty-six volumes of Parley's Tales ; never a line of the ten volumes of I'arley's Histori- cal Compends. expressly and repeatedly claimed /or hi^n ; and of the fifty volumes of Ihrby's Miscdlanies he only wrote a few sketches in half a dozen of them. To pretend, therefore, th.at he is the 'Veritable ]'<:trr Parley.'' is as gross an imposture as to call him the ' Veritable Author' of Pickwick, or Guy Mannering, or the Spectator. "2. The claim for Mr. Kettell of the authorship of Meny's Mit- setim — thirty vnlnnies — is reduced to tin- writing of about two hundred paj:rs nf indin.-n-nt niattt-i-, as a coinspnndent. "3. His claim In tb.- aut Imrsbip of the Ilistnri/ of Greece. Hisfwy of the Vnitnl .states, I'arley's Geography, the Primer of Geography, National Gmgrofihy, Compreliensive Geof/raphy and History, — posi- tively Hss.-rtrd i>y ' Veritas,* — is shown to be false in the beginning, the middle, and the end. "4. Tbe audacious claim of the entire authorship of the History of All Nations comes to this: that Mr. Kettell was one of four per- sons who assisted me in the compilation of that work. "5. It appears, inasmuch as my eyes were weak for a series of twenty-five years, rendering it sometimes impossible for me to consult books, that I employed Mr. Kettell to block out sever.il works, accoiding to plans minutely and carefully prescribed by me ; and that the materials thus furnished were redxiced to method, style, and manner, by me. so as to suit my own taste; and that the works were published as thus remodeled, and not as they were written by him. It appejirs. furthermore, that all this was done with Mr.Kettell's full consent, upon written and explicit agieements, and that he never did plan, devise, contrive, or finally prepare, any book published under my name, nor was he, nor did he ever claim to be, the author of any hook thus pub- lished. GOO GOO " 6. Tt is material to state, diptinctly, that while ' Veritas' claims for Mr. Ketti'll the entire authorship of over one hundred and twenty volumes of my works, he (Jlr. Kettell) never assisted me, in any way or in any dej^ree, in mori3 than twenty volumes, and these only in the manner above indicatt-d ; that is, in blocking out works', mostly historical, under my direction, and to be finished by me. "7. 1 do not mean by this to depreciate Mr. Kettell's abilities; but, inasniurh as these audacious claims in his behnlf have been pertinaciously and impudently urfred. it is proper fur me, in this formal manner, to reduce them to their true dimensions. "8. While I thus acknowled-^e the assistance rendered mo by Mr. Kettell in my historical compilations, it is proper to state that I had the aid of other persons — some of them of hi^'her name and feme than he. Among my assistants were N. Hawthorne. E. Sar- gent, J. 0. Sar;^ent, S. V. Ilolbrook, Ksqs.. Uev. Koyal Uobbins, Rev. E. U. Smith. Uev. \V. 8. Jenks, and others. The claims of ' Veri- tas,' if admitted, would not only rob me of the authorship of a hundred volumes, which I wrote, but would transfer to Mr. Ket- tell about twenty volumes, to which several other authors contri- buted with greater ability than he. "9. 1 think it r.iay Vie safely assumed that in the history of lite- rature there is not a more impudent attempt at imposture than this, which originated in the Uoston Courier. It is easy to com- prehend why the author has not dared to give his name to the public but has continued to make his attacks behind the mask of an anonymous title. That I deem myself called upon to notice him arises frum the firt that he derived a certain color of author- ity from the Editor nf the Courier, and from publishing papers .ind documents beloiiuinu to Mr. Ketteirs heirs — thou^rh these con- tributed in nil dc'-nee either to refute the statement here made or to substantiate any portion of the claims here referred to. "10. Literary history is full of instances in which littleness, allied to mali;:nir,y. has signalized itself by seeking to deprive authors of their just cbiiins; and. while thus doing wrong to their literary labfirs. atteiiii.tin^ also to des^nde them in the eyes of the world as guilty ot aiipinpi i;iliug to themselves honors which do not belong to them. It is also a vice of base minds to believe imputations of this sort without evidence, or even against evi- dence, when once they have been suggested. I do not think it best, therefore, to leave my name to be thus de^xlt with by future pretenders, who may desire to emulate this Boston adventurer. SPURIOUS PARLEY BOOKS. AMERICAN COUNTEHFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS. "In tbe United States the name of Parley has been applied to several works of which I am not the author, though for the most part from mistake and not from fraudulent designs. The follow- ing are among the number : ^ Date of No. publioBtlon. vols. Parley's Washington. 18mo 1S3'2... 1 Parley's Columbus. do 1832... 1 Parley's Franklin. do 1832... 1 [The name of Parley is not in the title-page of any of these works, but is put upon the back, and they are sold as Parley books, hut without authority, though at the outset, as I believe, with no im- proper design.] Parley's Miscellanies. 18mo Parley's Consul's Daughter, and other Tales. 18mo Parley's Tales of Humor. ISmo Parley's Tales of Terror. do ■ Parley's Tales for the Times, do Parley's Tales of Adventure, do [The publication of this series, under the name of Parley, is, I believe, abandoned, as I remonstrated with the publishers against it, as a fraud upon the public] Parley's Picture-Books— 12 kinds ...12 [these 1 have not seen : they are, however, imposi- tions.] The Rose, by Peter Parley The Bud, by Peter Parley The Mines of different Countries, by Peter Parley The Garden, by Peter Parley The Gift, by Peter Parley The Flower-Basket, by Peter Parley Fairy Tales, by Peter Parley [The preceding seven volumes I have not seen, but I find them in some of the American catalogues. They are all spurious.] Parley's Book of Books. Square Ifimo ... 1 [This book, I believe, consists of extracts from Par- ley's Magazine. Its publication in this form, so far as it may convey the idea, that it is written by me, is deceptive.] Parley's Pictorial — A book for Home Education and Family Entertainment. 8vo ... 1 Parley's Household Library. 8vo ... 1 [these two works are from old altered plates of Par- ley's Magazine, and are designed to deceive the public by making it believe that they are origi- nal works, and by the author of Parley's Tales. They are a gross and shameful imposition.] EXGLISQ COUNTERFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS. [The London publishers and authors have made a large business of preparing and jinblisliing Parley books. Some of these are repnbiii.ilious. without change, from the genuine Auieriniu c'litions. to which I make no objection; some are the genuine works, more or less altered; and many others are counterfeits, every m>'ans being used to pass them off upon the public as by the original author of Parley's Tales. Among the most notorious of these are the following: TtaU of Xo. publication. TOlfc Peter Parley's Annual. A Christmas and New Year's Present. 'Published by i^uWon rf Cb 1841...14 [This is a large 16mo, with colored engravings, and has been continued from 1841 to 1855 — 14 volumes.] Peter Parley's Royal Victoria Came of the Kings and Queens of England. ISmo. Ihirtnu rf- a> 1834... 1 Parley's Book of Gvmnastics. Sq. lOmo. Darton <£■ Co. 1840... 1 Parley's Parting Gift. do. do. IS46... I Parley's Book of Industry. do. do, 1855... 1 Parley's Book of Poetry. do. do. lS4.'i... 1 Parley's Ireland. do. do. 1843... 1 Parley's Wonders of Earth, Sea, and Sky. Square Ifimo. d". 185^... 1 Parley's Odds and Ends. Square 16mo. do. ]s40... 1 Parley's Peeps at Paris. do. do. 1848... 1 Parley's I'ri/e Book. do. " do. 1848... I Parley's School Atlas. do. do. 1842... 1 Parley's Canada. do. do. 1839... 1 Parlev's China and the Chinese, do. do. 1844... 1 Parley's Child's Own Atlas. Square. do. 1853... 1 Parley's Life and Journey of St. Paul. Square 16mo. Sunphim 1846... 1 Peter Parley's Lives of the Twelve Apostles. Sq. 16mo. Bogue. 1844... 1 Peter Parley's Visit to London during the Coronation. Sq. 16mo. Srt//w 1838... 1 Peter Parley's Tales of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Sq.lGmo. Tfgg 1842... 1 Peter Parley's Mythology of Greece and Rome. Sq. 16mo. Tf-gg :. 1841... 1 Peter' Parley's Tales of Greece, Ancient and Modein. Square lOmo, Tcgg 1842... 1 Peter Parley's Tales of Ancient Rome and Modern Italy. Sq. 16mo. T»^og 1840... 1 Peter Parley's Tales about Christmas. Sq. 16mo. Trgg. 1839... 1 Peter Parley's Shipwrecks. do. do. 1846... 1 Parley's Plants.. do. do. 1839... 1 Parley's Modern Geography do. do. 1837... 1 Parley's Bible Geography. Sq. 16mo. J. S. Ilndsrm 1839... 1 Parley's Child's First Step. Sq. 16mo. C/emmts 1839... 1 [there are still other counterfeits of Parley's works, issued by various parties in London. The utter disregard of truth, honor, and decency, on the part of respectable British authors and publishers in this wholesale system of imposition and injustice, is all the more remarkable when we consider that the British public, and especially the British authors and booksellers, are denouncing us in America as pirates, for refusing international copy- right. The conduct of all these parties places them, morally, on a footing with other counterfeiters and forgers: public opinion, in the United States, would con- sign persons conducting in this manner to the same degree of reprobation. Can it be that, in England^ a man who utters a counterfeit five- pound note is sent to Newgate, while another may issue thousands of counterfeit volumes and not destroy his reputation?"] The above list certainly presents a tolerable proof that Mr. Goodrich has been no idler in the Republic of Letters. And his works are nut among those which clog the book- seller's shelves and excite his periodical indignation on the annual review of his stock in trade. They may bo emphatically called ** Live Stock," — for of some of them more than fifty thousand copies sire circulated every year, and of all of them, as before stated, the aggregate sale amounts to about three hundred thousand volumes annu- ally : — in all about seven millions of volumes have been sold ! And here we must remark that it would be a great error to suppose that Peter Pauley confines his energies to his personal aggrandizement only: " Mr. Goodrich has been a liberal patron of American authors and artists; and it is (|uestionable whether any otln-r person has done as much to inipn.v.' the style of the l-oi^k muuit.icture. or to pro- mote the arts of entnaving. It isbeliev.'d that he b:ts put in circula- tion more than two [seven] millions of volumes of his own produc- tions; all of which inculcate pure morality and cheei lul vtews'uf life. His style is simple and unaffected; the How of his verse me- lodious: and his subjects generally such as be is capable of tieat- ing most successfully."— GmwcWs Povls and Po-try of America. Can an author desire higher commendation than that which follows ? " For twenty years he has preserved the confidence of parents and teachers of every variety of condition and opinion, by an in- defectible morality and strong practical sense, which are univer- sally understood and approved." — hiti'matumal Magazine, ii. 154. "Mr. Parley has too much reputation as a popular instructor of the young, to need any very urgent recommendation ou our I)art."' — Lon. MonthJij Repository. *' The honoured name of Peter Parley (S. G. Goodrich) when pro- nounced calls to mind many of the pleasantcst incidents of our youth. For more than twenty years his delightrul compositions have instructed and edified children in both hemispheres: and it is to be regretted that unprincipled usurpers have invaded the field of his well-eiirned fame, even under his own banner."^ Tru!mrr\'' i:ihli",,):ii>/nral (.'uidr in Am>-r. Lit. Goodrich, Siiiiou. Clocks; Nic. Jour. 17119. 7U3 GOO GOO Goodrich, Thomas, d. 1554, Bishop of Ely, 1534, ; aiJed in the revision of llic trans, of the New Testament, 1540, in the compilation of the Common Pra\'er Book of 1548, and in The Institution of .1 Christian Man; or, the Bishop's Book. See Burnet's Reformation : Strype's Cranmer; Strype's Parker ; Master's Hist, of C. C. C, C; Bentham's Hist, of Ely. Goodrick, John, Bishop of Norwich. A thanks- giving germ, for Victory over the Rebels, on Ps. xlvi. 10. 11, 10.S5, 4to. Goodricke, Henry. 1. Observ. on Dr. Price's Civil Liberly, &.<:., Lon., 17711, .9vo. 2. A Speech, 1779, 8vo. Goodricke, John. Astronom. con. to Phil. Trans., 17S3, '85, '86. Goodridge, John. The Phcenix; or, Reasons for believing that the Comet is the real Phceni.^ of the An- cients, Lon., 1781, 8vo. Goodsir, John. Con. to Annals of Med., 1801, '02. Goodwin. Tran.sub.^tantiation, Lon., 1688, fol. Goodwin, Christopher, See Goodwvn. Goodwin, K. S., of Sandwich, Mass., d. 1833, aged 46. Serms. Goodwin, Francis, an eminent architect, d. 1835. Domestic Architecture. New ed., Lon., 18o5, r. 4to ; 96 plates. New ed., including the supplement, 1850, 2 vols. 4to. This eminent architect designed many of the hand- some buildings which arrest the eye of the traveller in the midland counties of England, and in parts of Ireland. Lissadcll Court is one of his works, and in the vols, noticed above will be found the details connected with the erection of this pile. Perhaps the Manchester Town-Hall is his chef-d'ceuvre. At the time of his death he was preparing plans for the erection of the new Houses of Parliament. His intense application to this duty brought on a fit of apoplexy, whiclj proved fatal. Goodwin, George. Melissa Religionis Pontificse ejusdemque apostrope X. Elegiis, Lon., 1620, 4to. The same in English, by John Vicars, Lon., 1624, 4to. Goodwin, Harvey, late Fellow and Mathemat. Lec- turer of (Jonville and Caius College. 1. Elementary Course of Mathematics; 5th ed., 1857, 8vo. 2. Problems to above, 1847, 8vo. 3. Parish Serms., 1847, 12mo. 4. Second Series of do., 1851, 12mo. 5. Four Serms., 1853, 12mo. 6. Short Serms. at Celeb, of Lord's Supper, 1853, 12mo. 7. Comment, on the Gospel of St. Matthew, 1857, p. 8vo. Goodwin, Isaac. 1. The Town Officer; or. Laws of Mass. rel. to the Duties of Municipal Officers, Ac, Wor- cester, 1825, 12mo. '• Mr. Goodwin has adopted the planof Dickinson's Town Officer, or rather, we should .say. the plan of every author of Digests and Abridi^ments, from Brooke to Bigelow, and has done his work more thorouishly than any of his predecessors." — 1 U. S. Lit. doz., 31. 2. The New England Sheriff, Worcester, 1830, Svo. '• To every Sheriff, Coroner and Constable, it will be an indis- pensable HKHnual." — 5 Aincr. Jur., 208. Goodwin, John, 1593-1665, an independent divine, was a zealous republican, and promoted the condemnation of Charles I., and afterwards endeavoured to justify his course by writing a pamphlet called The Obstructors of Justice, 1649, 4to. This, together with Wilton's Eicono- clastes, and Defensio pro Populo Anglicano, were, on the Restoration, burnt by the common hangman, Au"-. 27, 1660. He was educated at Queen's ColL, Camb. T pre- sented to the living of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, London, 1633; dismissed for refusing to baptize the chil- dren of his parishioners promiscuously, and to administer the Lord's Supper to his whole parish. He became a warm Arminian, and was a zealous supporter of his opinions. He pub. a number of theolog. and political works, of which the following ore the best known. 1. Treatise of Justification, Lon., 1642, fol. New ed., by Wesley, 12mo. " John Goodwin, not yet turned Arminian, pre.ached and wrote with great diligence about justification, again.st the ligid sense of imputation; who being answered by Mi-. Walker and Mr. Itoborough, with far inferior strength, his book had the greater success for such answerers." — Baxter. 2. The Divine Authority of Scripture Asserted, 164S, 4to. '■ Pcssessed of very considerable merit. It contains uiore oritd- nality and ingenious biblical interpretation than most books of the period known to me; and throughout it I'reathes a .spirit of tile purest piety towards God, and of good will toivards men." — Orme's Bibl. Bih. *' It has ever been considered a masterpiece of polemical i\iQO- \o^y."— Lowndes's Brit. Lib. " \ work of great value; full of sound theology and original views of the Bible.'" — Lon. Chris. Instructcr. 3. Right and Might well met : or a briefe and impartiall Enquiry into the Proceedings of the Army under Lord Fairfax, &<:., 1648, 4to. ■' ?'his was considered, at the time of its pullication, one of the most powerful and successful pamphlets, written on religious principles, in favour of the Ilepublicau army." — Lowndes's Bibl. Man. . 4. Redemption Redeemed, 1651, fol. New ed., 1840, Svo. " The alilest defence of general redemption that ever appeared in an finglish dress, and may be fairly cousidei'ed as exhibiting the strength of that cause."— Z>r. E. WdLiams's C. I'. '■ Though assailed by Twisse and others, Goodwin's work has never been successfully refuted." " Redemption Kedeemed is perhaps as powerful a plea for Ar- minian views as has been published. If you read it, read also Kendall's and Owen's able Replies." — Bickersteth. Thos. Lamb and Richard Resbury were also among the answerers to this work. 5. An Exposition of the Ninth Chap, of the Epist. of St. Paul to the Romans. New ed., with a Pref. by Thomas Jackson, 1835, 8vo. "An able and earnest defence of the important tenet of justifica- tion by f:ulh."—Dr. E. Williams's C. P. "The public owes some giatitude to Mr. Jackson (the eminent "Wesleyan) for the publication, in so very handsome a form, of this standard work of Goodwin's, in which the Arnnnian doctrine is most ably advocated. Goodwin's ironical preface to the Lord- Mayor and Aldermen, as a theological council, is first-rate in its way." — British Magazine. 6. Christian Theology, selected and systematically ar- ranged from his Writings, with Life, by Saml. Dunn, 1836. 7. Life by Jackson, Svo. " An able defence of this celebrated Arminian." — Bickerstftii's Chris. Stu. '■Contains many curious particulars about the author and his times.' — Ormc's Bibl. Bib. Goodwin's violence as a politician has prejudiced many against him, not without cause, we think; but as a theo- logian few have been more highly commended. " A person whom his worth, pains, diligence, and opinions, and the contests wherein on their account he hath publicly engaged, have delivered him from being the object of any ordinary thoughts or expressions. Nothing not great, not considerable, not some way eminent, is by any spoken of him, either consenting with him, or dissenting from him." — Dr. Owen. " He had a clear head, a fluent tongue, a penetrating spirit, and a marvellous faculty in descanting on Scripture." — Dr. Cal.^mv. "His great learning, good .sense, and extraordinary style for that day. render his works worth reading." — John Orton. " He possessed no ordinary portion of strength and originality of mind, a large measure of disinterested zeal, and a cap.icity for usefulness which was e.\ceeded by few of his contemporaries." — Orme. See Neal's Puritans; Calamy; Barton's Remains, p. 122. Goodwin, John, Rector of Clapham, Surrey. Serm. on Prov. xix. 2, 1738, 4to. Goodwin, Nath. Serms., 1705, Ac., 4to. Goodwin, P. A. Memoirs of Andrew Jackson, Hartford. 12mo. Goodwin, Peter. Serms., 1732, '37, '40, Svo. Goodwin, Philip, d. 1699? Vicar of Watford, pub. a work on the Lord's Supper, one on Dreams, and other treatises, 16f9-58. Goodwin, Simon. The Messiah ; a Poem, Lon., 1772. 4to. Goodwin, T. The Loyal Shepherd, or the Rustic Hendiic; a Dram. Past. Poem., Lon.. 1779, Svo. Goodwin, 'i'homas, D.D., 1G00-I097, a high-Cal- vinist Independent divine, a native of Rolesby, Norfolk, was educated at Christ Church and Catherine Hall, (of which ho became Fellow,) Camb. ; Lecturer of Trinity Church, Camb., I62S; Vicar, 1632; relinquished his pre- ferments, 1634, and became pastor of an Independent congregation at Arnheim. Holland ; returned to London, and became a member of the Assembly of Divines ; Pre- sident of Magdalen Coll., Oxf., 164*9 ; ejected at the Restoration; preached in London until his death in 1697. After his death a number of his work.? — valuable theolo- gical treatises — were pub. in 5 vols, fol., 1 681, '83, '92, '97, 1704, but some pub. in his lifetime (1647, 4to) were not included, — viz. : Certain Select Cases Resolved ; A Child of Light walking in Darkness; The Returne of Prayers; The Tryall of a Christian's Growth, Ac; Ag- gravation of Sinne, Ac; Vanitie of Thoughts; Christ set Forth; The Heart of Christ; Encouragements to Faith; and also— in the collective ed. of his works — Christ the Universal Peace-Maker. Some other treatises and sepa- rate series were also pub. before his death. See BiW. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Darling's Cyc. Bibl., and authorities below. " Goodwin's pieces published in his lifetime are the most valuatde. . . . Many accurate and valuable remarks on Sci-ipture. TheCbilii of Light walking in Darkness is very useful for afflicted con- sciences." See Dr. E. Williams's C. P. GOO GOR Bickersteth styles Goodwin's Exposition of the 1st and part of the 2d chapter of Ephesians '• A remarkalile display of the riches of the Scriptures, and full of evat)^i-lii-:il matter." — Christian Sduh-nt. " His Works, besides many discoui-ses. include an exposition of part of the Epistle to the tphesians. part of the book of Revela- tion, and some other portions of Scripture; but, from their extent and prolixity, they are not likely to be much consulted. Dr. Goodwin was a learned man. said to be rather hij;h in his Calvin- istic sentiments, (thouph I have not observed much of this.) but excelled in expounding!; the Scriptures. lie delij^hted to search into abstruse and difficult t*;xts. The least particle of speech came under his imlire. and in numerous iuslancfs he h.-is made it ap- pear how much depends upon the conuectiii;^^ particles in Scrip- ture, which are generally overlooked." — Oniw'.< Hihl. Bib. "Dr. Goodwin, with sentiments truly evanj;elical, and a most happy talent at opening, sifting, and displaying thu hidden riches of Scripture."— IlERVfiV. Anthony a Wood considered Owen and Goodwin the two Atlases and Patriarchs of Independency. "Dr. Goodwin's Works are numerous, and, in point of sentiment, valuable. . . . He was a good scholar, and an eminent divine and textuary. Ilis style is involved and obscure." — Dr. E. Williams's C.P. " A Puritan Divine of very superior powers, whose wri(in;:s cast much lifrht on tho Scriptures on which he treats. He enters very fully into the peculiar mode of expression in the sacreil « ritings, is very evangelical, and full of useful matter." — Bi''k''!Tslel/i''s C S. Goodwin's treatises — original edits. — had become very scarce and dear ; but the new edits., 1840-51, pub. by Mr. Shaw, Seeleys, and the Luiidon Religiuu? Tract So- ciety, have reduced the value of the former. See Athen. Oxon. ; Calamy ; Neal's Puritans. Goodwill? Thomas, son of the preceding, and pastor of a Dissenting congregation at Pinner, Middlesex. A Discourse of the True Nature of the Gospel. In an- swer to the Rev. Mr. Thos. Lurimer's Apology, Lon., 1695, 4to. Goodwill, Thomas. Hist, of the Reign of Henry v.. King of England, Ac, Lon., 1704, fol. "Compiled from good authorities."' See Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. Goodwin, or Goodwyn, Thomas, surgeon. Hamp- stead Waters and Bathing, Lon., 1804, 12mo. Goodwill, Wm. Serni. Oxun., 1614, 4to. Goodwyn, or GoodAvin, Christopher. 1. The Chaiioe of the Dolorous Louer, Lon., 1520, 4to. " Mr. Heber's richly-furnished library may boa^it uf n copy of it." DiMin's Lib. Onup. "A lamentable story without pathos." — WaHnn's Hist, of En>j. Poet. But not without passion : for thus the *' Dolorous Louer" apostrophizes his Ladie Faire : " rubycunde ruby and perle most argent, gyloffer gentyll and swete flowre delyce, O daynte dyamounde and moost resplendent, doulcet bloasome of a full grete pryce." Could the lady resist an appeal so impassioned? 2. The Mayden's Dreme, compyled and made, 1542, eine anno, 4to. "A vision without imagination." — Wahton : uhi supra. Goodwyn, £dmund, M.D. Med. treatise, ITSCj '88, 8vo. Goodwyn, H. Interest Table; Nic. Jour., ISOl. Goodwyn, John. Gauging, Lon., 1594, 16mo. Goodwyn, Thomas. See Goodwin. Goodyear, Aaron. Serpent's Bite, Phil. Trans. ,1698. Goodyeare, Win., merchant. Trans, of John Car- themy's Wandering Knight, Lon., 15S4 ; again, sine anno, 4to. AVe have already noticed this allegorical work ; see BuNYAX, John ; Lon. Retrosp. Rev., i. 250, 1820. Googe, Barnaby, b. 1538? a poet and translator, of whom but little is known, was educated at Christ's Coll., Cambridge, whence he removed to Staples Inn. See authorities cited below. 1. Trans, of the Firsto Three Bokcs of Palingenius's Zodinke of Lyfe, Lou., 1560. The trans, of the Firste Syxe Bokes was pub. in 1561, 12mo. The whole in 1565, 16mo, Svo, and 4to; 1588, 4to. These edits, are rare; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., edit, of 1561, £5 5s.; of 1565, £y 9«. ; of 1588, £6 6s, "Googe's Zodiac of Palingenius was a favourite performance, and is constantly classed with the poetical translations of the period by cotemporary critics. The work itiself was written by (J. A. Manznlius. and contains sarcasms against the I'ope, the Car- dinals, and the Church of Rome." — Ellis. But see Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. '■ This poem is a general satire on life, yet without peevishness or malevolence: and with more of the solemnity of the censor than the petulance of the satirist." — Warton : uhi supra. •• Copious extracts from this wretchedly dull boolc are given in Cens. Lit. ;— hut why are they given '("—/)i/jrfm's Lih. Oomp. 2. Eglogs, Epitaphes, aud Sonnettes, 1563, Svo ; 1570, 4to. " Mr. isteevens, of which library this book formed No. 876, (sold for £10 16s. M..) said there was no scarcer book in the English language than tiiia. It now belf^ngs to Mr. Ilebcr," — Cots. Lit. There is another copy in the Library of Triu. Coll., Camb. 3. Trans, of T. Nnugeorgius's Popish Kingdom, 1570, 4to. 4. Trans, of Foure Bookes of Husbandrie from Heresbachius, enlarged, 1577, *S6, 4to. By Gervase Mark- ham, with Notes and Illustrations, 1614, 4to. See Donald- son's Agricult. Biog. 5. Trans, of The Proverbea of Sir James Lopes de Mendoza, 1579, lOmo. (iouge also pub. trans, of Aristotle's Categories and Virgil's Georgics. Sec Fleming, ABUAn.vM ; Goocii. Bkunaiui, in this vol.; and the following works, in addit. to those cited above: Tuber- ville's Sonnets,- Tanner; Brydges's Phillips's Thcat. Poet.; Churton's Life of Nowel; Strypc's Parker; Restituta : Ellis's Specimens. Gooldn, Daniel, d. 1687, aged 75, a native of Kent, England, emigrated to Virginia, 1621 ; settled in Cam- bridge, Mass., 1644; visited England, 1656: Major-Geue- ral of Mass., 1681-86. He was Superintendent of the Indians who had submitted to the governor of Massa- chusetts, from 1656 until his death, aud zealously co-ope- rated with Eliot in his efforts for their spiritual instruc- tion. Historical Collections of the Indians in New Eng- land. This was written in 1674, and remained in MS. until 1792, when it was pub. by the Mass. Hist. Soc. He also wrote history of N. England. See Mass. Hist. Coll., i. 226, 228: vii. 23; Holmes's Hist, of Camb.; Hutchin- son; Mather's Magnalia: Johnson's Wond. -Work. Prov., 109, 192; Stith, 205; Allon'.s Atner. Biog. Diet. Gookiu, Kathauiel, d. 1734, aged 46, grandson of the preceding, and minister of Hampton, N. H., graduated at Harvard Coll., 1703 ; succeeded Jcjin Cotton. 1710. He pub. three serms. occasioned by the earthquake in Oct, 1727, to which is added an account of the earthquake, Ac. See Mass. Hist. Coll., vii. 55 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. Gookin, Vincent. Transplanting the Irish into Con- naught, Ac. : in answer to Rich. Laurence, Lon., 1695, 4to. Goold, Rev. Wm. H. See Owet*. John, D.D. Goolilcn, Samuel. Gangrene ; Ed. Med. Ess., 1734. Gordon, a layman. Serm., 1733, 8vo. Gordon. 1. Comedies of Terence in Eng. Verse, Lon., 1752, 12mo. 2. Powers of Ecclesiastics, 1776, Svo. Gordon of Lochinvar. Encouragements for such as shall have Intention to bee Undertakers in the new Planta- tion of Cape Briton, now New Galloway, in America, by mee, Lochinvar, Edin., 1620, 4to; Gordoun?ton, 1073. £3. Gordon, Lt.-C'ol. To the Volunteer Corp.-, Lon., 1805. Gordon, Abraham. Con. to Med. Ohs. and Inq., 1755. Gordon, Sir Adam, Rector of West Tilbury, Essex, Preb. of Bristol. His best-known works are — 1. Serms., Lon., 1700, 2 vols. 2. Discourses, &Q.; the substance of the Homilies in a modern style, 1795, 2 vols, Svo; 1817, 2 vols. Svo. " Very necessary for every clergyman to possess, who wishes properly to discharge his pastoral duties." — Bp. To.iiline. But see Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.. 4th ed., p. 325. 3. Serms., 1796, 8vo. 4. Fifty-two Lectures on the Catechism of the Ch. of Eng. with three Discourses, 1817, 3 vols. 8vo. He pub. a number of occasional serms : see Bibl. Brit. Gordon, Alexander. Tyrocinium Linguce Latinge, Lon., 1664, Sv.i. Gordon, Alexander. Theatre of the Scottish Kings, 1700, 4t... Gordon, Alexander, d. 1750, a Scotch antiquary, resided for many years on the continent, and also visited Carolina in 1741, and died there. He was a good Greek scholar, and an excellent draughtsman. 1. Itinerarium Septentrionale; or, a Journey through mostof the Counties of Scotland, and those in the North of England. In two Parts, Lon., 1726, fol. 2. Supplement to al>ove, 1732, fol. A Latin edit, of Nos. 1 and 2 was pub. in Holland, 1731. 3. The Lives of Pope Alex. VI. and his sou Caesar Borgia, &c., Lon., 1729. fol. 4. Trans, of Maffei's Hist, of the Ancient Amphitheatres, 1730, Svo; 2d ed. enlarged, 625 Plates of Mummies, about 1739, fol. 5. Essays resp. Mummies, 1737, fol. Sec Nichols's Lit. Anec. Gordon, Alexander, of Achintoul, several years Major-General in the Czar's service. 1. Hist, of Peter the Great, Aberdeen, 1755. 2 vid.s. Svo. 2. The Prussiad; an Heroic Poem, &c., Lon., 1759, 4to. Gordon, Alexander, M.D. 1. Puerperal Fever of Aberdeen, Lon., 1795, Svo. 2. In conjunction with Rev. Dr. Colin Milne, Indigenous Botany, vol. i., 1793, Svo. 3. Con. to Med. Com., 1793. Gordon, Sir Alexander Duff, Bart. 1. Trans, of Sketches of German Life, Lon., 1847, p. Svo. *• This is a selection des'-Ts ing of more than ordinary attention. GOR Thoupb the writer [Ton Enpe] does not take a hif;:h rank amoBg thti authors of niodf rn Germany, io ri^'bt either oi^ ori)j:iQal talont or any peculiar charm of style as a narrator, he is easy, circura- gtautial, and trustworthy. He has lived, too, anioug distiuj;uished people and in stirrinR times."' — Lon. Athfna-um. 2. Trans, of A. WciU's Village Tales from Alsatia. New ed., 1847, sq. 3. In conjunction with Lady Duff (jordon, Trans, of Leopold Ranke's Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg and Hist, of Prussia, 1849, 3 vols. 8vo. "Professor Kanke has devoted some eight or ten years to the examination of materials especially relating to the period embraced by this history ; he was, moreover, one of the t'omnnssion ap- pointed to superintend the preparation of the new .-dition of the Great Frederick's works now in course of publication at li.rhu, and has thus been enabled to gain a fresh insight into several portions of that monarch's life, and to throw a new light upon several of his actions."— IVujis/citois' Pre/ace. "The translation transfers the whole value of the original work into our language, and, whatever may be its merits as an historical composition, they no%« belong as much to English as German literature." — Lmi. K.-mn'mist. ... "The translation is well done, on a somewhat free principle; not free as to the sense, for the translators have completely pene- trated their author's meaning ; but free with respect to the choice of words and the structure of opinion." — Loii. .^j'ectator. Gordon, Alexander George, M.D. The Com- plete English Physician ; or, a Univ. Lib. of Family Med., Lon., 1778, Svo. Gordon, AndreAV, 1712-1751, Prof, of Philos. in the Scots Monastery of the Benedictines at Erfurt. His principal works are— 1. Progr. de studii philosophici digni- tate et utilitate, Erfurt, 17;!7, 4to. 2. Do Concordandis mcnsuris, 1742, 4to. 3. Phsenomenaelectricitatis exposita, 1744, 8vo. 4. Physica experimentalis elementa, 1751-52, 2 vols. Svo, with plates. Dr. Priestley says that Gordon was the first person who used a cylinder instead of a globe in the electrical apparatus. See Hirsching's Manual of Eminent Persons who died in the 18th Century. Gordon, Anthony. Science of Defence, Lon., 1805, 4to. Gordon, Bernard, a native of Gordon, in Rouvergne, France, is improperly called a Scotsman by Watt. For an account of him and his medical works, see Memoires pour servir a I'histoire do la faculte de Moulpellicr, par Astruc ; Biog. Univ. Gordon, C. A. A Concise Hist, of the antient .and illust. House of Gordon, Aberd., 1754, 12mo. Privately printed, Jadis, 84, 17s. Gordon, Charles Alexander, M.D. 1. Tlio Prin- cipal Diseases of India briefly described, Lon., 1847, 12mo. Hand-Book for Medical Officers of Hor M,ajesty's Service in India, 1852, 12mo. Gordon, D. Pharmacopina.'i, Aberd., 1625, 4to. Gordonstouu, 1021, £5 178. 6^. Gordon, Duncan, M.D. Letter to John Hunter, Lon., 17Sfi, 4to. Gordon, Francis. Predestination, Ac, Edin., 1712, 4to. Gordon, George. 1. Newtonian Philos., Lon., 1719, 12mo. 2. Longitude, 1724, Svo. 3. Astronomy, Ac, 1726, Svo. Gordon, George. Annals of Europe, Lon., 1739-43, 6 vols. Svo. Gordon, George. De Natura Rerum, Qujestioncs Philosophicie, Glasg., 175S, Svo. Gordon, (Jeorge. Serms., Lon., 1794, 1S05, 4to. Gordon, George Campbell. Serm., Luke xxii. 19 ; riie Holy Comuuinion, Lon., IS50, r. 12mo. Gordon, J. Memoirs concerning Popery, Lon. ,1733, Svo. Gordon, James, D.D., 1543-1620, surnained Huut- l£eus, from his connection with the noble family of Gor- don ; a Scotch Jesuit, was for nearly fifty years professor of Hebrew and divinity in several parts of Europe, and for some time a missionary in Scotland and England ; and bis zeal in making converts caused him to be twice im- prisoned. 1. Controversarium Fidei Epitome, Ac: 1st torn., Aug. Pict., 1612 ; 2d tom., Paris ; 3d torn., Cologne, 1620, all Svo. "This work is entitled to a place here, were it only because it partly led to the puldication of the Philologia Sacra of Qlassuis. In one of the tracts which it contains, De "Verbo Dei, he [Gordon | attacks with great vigour and acuteness the present Hebrew text, and extols exceedingly the Latin Vulgate." — Ormr's Bib}. Brit..ij.v. 2. Summaries of the Controversies, Ac. betwecne Catbo- lickes and Protestants, 1618, Svo. 3. Traditions, 1614, Svo. Gordon, James, D.D., 1553-1641, surnaincil Les- morsens, from his connection with the family of Lesmore; a Scotch .lesuit, was born at or near Aberdeen, He was Rector of the Colleges of Toulouse and Bordeaux, and confessor to Louis XIII. 1. Opus Chrouologicum, Col. Agr., 1614, fol. " It is not. I believe, a work of great value." — Ormc\^ Jii'A. Bib. 706 GOR 2. Chronologia .ab Orbe condita ad annum Christi, 1617; Aug. Rot., 1617, fol. 3. Catholica verltate, diatriba, Bur- dfo-, 1623, 12mo. 4. Biblia Sacra : cum Commentariis, Ac, Paris, 1630, 3 vols. fol. "These volumes, according to 'Walch, contain many things which raay be read with profit."— Orme: ubi sitin-a. 5, Thcologia Moralis, tomus prior, P.aris, 1634. 6. Opus- cula Chronologicum, Uistoricum, Geogr.aphicum, Col. Agr., 1636, Svo. Gordon, James, Bishop of Aberdeen. 1. The Re- formed Bishop, Lon., 1679, Svo. Anon. 2. To R. Catho- lics, 1687, 4to. 3. Fables of Esop, as commented on by Sir Roger L'Estrange, Edin., 1700, fol. 4. A Generous Prince, Lon., 1703, Svo. Gordon, James. An Ordination Serm., 1735. Gordon, James, Parson of Uothiemay. 1. Hist, of Scots Affairs, 1637-41, Aberd., 1810-42, 3 vols. 4to, Spald- ing Clul), vols, i., iii., v. Only 250 copies printed. " This valuable work is printed from a unique MS. in the library of the King's College at Aberdeen, and forms a work of great au- thority, and the principal writers of this period have all referred to it, even while locked up in manuscript." 2. Description of bothe Towns of Aberdeene, edit, by C. Inncs, 1842, 4to, Sipalding Club, vol. iv. Gordon, James, Vicar of B.arrngh, Rector of Kil- legny, Ac, Ireland. 1. Terraquea ; or, a New System of Geography and Modern Hist, Lon., 1790-93, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Hist, of the Rehell. in Ireland in 1798, Ac, 1801, '03, Svo. 3. Hist, of Ircl.and from the earliest accounts to the Union in 1801, 2 vols. Svo, 1806. In French, by P. La Montague, Paris, 1808, 3 vols. Svo. "The author has not derogated from the reputation which he derived from his prior publication, since we discover in it the same clear discernment, the same sound judgment, the same strong good sense, the same manly sentiments, and the same fearless fntegrity and devotion to truth."— Z."7(. Montlt. Rev. " A jiarty work abounding in misrepresentation." — Lowndes's Bill. Man. 4. Hist, of the Brit. Islands, Great Brit., and the Islands that with it compose a geographical group, from the earliest accounts to 1807, 4 vols. Svo., 1815. Gordon, Kcv. James Bentley. An Hist, and Geographical Memou- of the N. Aiuer. Continent: its Nations and Tribes ; with a summary Acct. of his Life, Writings, and Opinions. Edited by Thos. Jones, Dubl., 1S20, 4to. Gordon, John, Gentleman of the Chamber to the King of France. Panegyriciue de Congratulation pour la Concorde dcs Roy.aumcs "de la Grande Bretagne en Vnitc de Religion ct Vniquo Royaute, Paris, 1603, sm. Svo; Ro- chelle, 1603, Svo. In English, Lon., 1603, 4to. Liber r.arissimus. This work is ascribed by Lowndes to Dr. Gordon, Dean of Sarum. Gordon, John, D.D., Dean of Sarum, pub. Assertionis pro vera vera? Ecclesise Nota, 1603, Svo; Anti-Torto-Bel- larminus, Ac, 1610, 4to: and other theolog. treatises. Sec Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Gordon, John. Serm. on the Union, Lon., 1604, 4to. Gordon, John, of Glencat. Autobiog., Lon.,1733, Svo. Gordon, John, of Buthlaw. De Nuptijs Roberti Senescalli Scoti:c atque Elizabelhaj Morse Dissertatio, Edin., 1749. For a trans, of this work — highly com- mended — see Scotia Rediviva, vol. i., Edin., 1826, Svo. Gordon, John. Specimen Animadversionum Criti- carum in priscam Evangeliorum Gothicam ; item novse ejusdem versionis interpretationis Latince, Edin., 1760, Svo. Gordon, John. The Famous Bull, or Constitution Unigenitus, Ac; related in the Memoirs of John Gordon, who was thirteen years in the Scots College at Paris ; 2d ed., Lon., 12mo, sine iniiio. Gordon, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Lincoln, d. 1793, aged 68. 1. Serm., Camb., 1767, 4to. 2. Serm., Lon., 1771. 410. Gordon, John. Poems, Lon., 1807, '12, 12mo. Gordon, John, M.D. Lect. on Anat. and Physiol., Edin. 1. Structure of the Brain, comprising an estimate of the claims of Drs. Gall and Spurzhcim, Edin., 1807, Svo. 2. A System of Anatomy, 1S15, Svo; engravings (22) to do., 1817, Svo. ■•.\ much-esteemed work." — Loi'mdes's Bibl. Man. 3 Lcct. on Human Physiology, 1817, Svo. 4. Caloric; Tlioiii. Ann. Piiilos., 1814. Gordon, John. Eng. Spelling, Lou., 1814, ISmo. Gordon, I'rol'. Lewis, of (jlasgow. 1. Lect. on Civil Engineering :ind Mechanics, Edin., r. Svo. 2. Tr.ans. of Prof. Julius Weisbach's Principles of the Mechanics of Machinery and Engineering, 1S47-4S, 2 vols. Svo. First Amcr. ed., with addjts. by Prof. Walter R. Johnson, Phila., 1S49. 2 vols. Svo. GQB GOB " The most valuable contribution to practical science that has yet appeared in this country."— i('?t. Athemruvi. "In every way worthy of being; recommended to our readers." — Franklin JnsUtutc Jintr. Goriloii, Kev. Louilon Ilareoiirt. An Apology for the CoiidtK-t of the (iurclons, rtlo:m Whiy. 4. Trans, from the German of Ritter Von Feuerbach's Remarkable Crimes and Trials, 1846, Svo. " The reader is taken into a new woi'ld. in which al! is grotesque and borrilile. . . . The secrets of the prisou-house are opened to him."— £i////. }{t>,i\ 'The tiansbttion is excellent, and a judicious compression of the original has added much to the effect.'' — Loti. ExanUmr, "Lady Gordon possesses in a high degree the rare faculty of translation, to which she has a hereditary right. .She has skil- fully pruned the luxuriant details of some of the cases, and omit^ ted the disquisilions on evidence and othei- h'g.il topics, which, however valuable in themselves, would be uninteresting to gene- ral readers. The present collection of criminal cases forms, as far as we are aware, the most interesting specimen existing in our language." — 1 Law Mtig., N. S., 310; and see 4 Law Rev. The legal student should add to this volume Dumas's Celebrated Crimes. "Dumas's book is very striking. The tragedy of Truth — the serious side of what is called the Romance of Real Life — had never such startling illusti-ation as this remarkable book aff.>rds. What a story is that of the Marchioness de Ganges!" — Loti. Examiner. 5. Trans, of Stella and Vanessa; a Novel, by L6on de Wailly. 6. Trans, of Ferdinand and Maximilian, by Ranke. 7. Trans, of the Village Doctor, by the late Comtesse d'Ar- bouville. 8. Trans, of MoUke's Russian Campaigns of 1S28-29 on the Danube; pub. in 1S54. 9. In conjunction Tvith Sir Alexander Duff Gordon, Trans, of Ranke's Me- moirs of the House of Brandenburg, and Hist, of Prussia, 1849, 3 vols. Svo. Gordon, N. M. Alleghan; a Poem in Nine Books, Cin., 1855, 12mo. In blank verse. The theme of the poem is the spread of the Gospel. Gordon, Patrick, 1. Neptunus Britannicus Cory- donis, Lon., 1613, 4to. 2. Historie of Penardo and Laissa, &Q., in heroik Verse, Dort, 1615, 12nin. 3. The famovs Historie of Robt. Bruce, Jcc, Dort, 161iJ, 4to; Ediu., 1718, 12mo. Gordon, Patrick. Geography, &c., 1693, Ac. Gordon, Patrick, Lt.-Gov. of Penna. Two Indian Treaties at Conestogue, 172S; Phila., 1728, fol. Gordon, Pryse Lockhart. Personal Memoirs; or, Reminiscences of Men and Manners at Home and Abroad during the last Half- Century, with occasional sketches of the Author's Life, Lon., 1830, 2 vols. Svo. "With many pleasant anecdotes of men and things, we have in these volumes an abundance of commonplace and almost puerile narrative, which necessarily must take the load in fixing a charac- ter on this book." — Lou. Month. Rev. "The best collection of real anecdotes and adventures that we have seen for many a day." — Lnn. ,Sprctu(or. "We know not any species of work so calculated to give a real view of life in its infinite varieties." — Court Jnurnal. Gordon, Robert, of Stralogh, Scotland, d. about 1650, wrote a topographical work entitled Theatrum Scotite, illustrated with maps, and dedicated to Cromwell. It was printed at Amsterdam. "On y trouve une description compl&te de rficosse, avec des cartes particuli^res de chaque comte. On y ajnute le livre de Buchanan, De Jure regni apud .Scotos." — Biog. ITuiiers. Gordon, Robert. Deafness; Med. Com.. 1775. Gordon, Sir Robert, of Gordonstouu. Bart., Gen- tleman of the Bedchamber to K. James I. and K. Charles I., &c. A Genealogical Hist, of the Earldom of Suther- land, Edin., 1S13, fol. Bindley, Pt. 1, 2046, £1 13». Largest paper, Brookett. 1329, £1 19*. One copy was struck off on vellum for the Marquis of Stafford. This splendid volume, edited by Henry Weber, was pub. under the auspices and at the charge of the Marchioness of Stafl'ord, (in her own right Countess of Sutherland.) "The paper, printing, and style of getting up are worthy of the intrinsic value of the Toluuies. Such works are sometimes not only highly curious and interesting, but are absolutely necessary to the Historian and Antiijuary for the satisfactory completion of their historical labours. In this work we have materials which equally appertain to English and Scottish history." — JJibi/iit's Bibl. Spenseriuna. The bibliographer must not fail to procure if he can— which is greatly to bo questioned — A Catalogue of the Sin- gular .and Curious Library, originally formed between 1610 and 1650, by Sir Robert Gordun, of Gordounstoun, .fee, with some addits. by his successors, comprising an extra- ordinary number of rarities in the literature of the six- teenth and seventeenth centuries. Sold by auction, Lon- don, in J\I:iri'h and April, 1816. Gordon, Robert, D.D., minister of the Free High Church, Ediu. 22 Evangelical Serms-, Edin., 1825, '26, '33, 8vo. " These are orations, these are arguments, worthy of a high and permanent place in our theological literature. They display a vigour and originality of thought which it is truly refreshing to meet with in printed sermons, and are, at the same time, bnldly explicit in the enunciation of the Gospel system." — Lnyi, J-Mectic Ji(v. In The Mourner's Companion, 1825, 12mo, containing treatises by Flavel, Cecil, and Shaw, will be found an Es- say by Dr. Gordon. "This volume is well IStted to be a companion to the afflicted; nor can the Christian rise from the perusal of the treatises witlmut some salutary impressions, calculatrd to soothe him under present sufl'ering, or tit him for meeting future trials with devout acqui- escence in the divine appointment." Gordon, T. Trans, of ftlenzel's Hist, of German Literature, with Notes, Oxf.. 1840, 4 vols. p. 8vo. " There is no higher name in the living literature of his country than ^lenzel: he is eloquent and popular at the same time." — BUickiimid's Mag. Gordon, Tliomas, 16S4?-1750, a native of Kirkcud- bright, (ialloway, settled in Loudon, and became a noted political and religious writer. 1. Tacitus, trans, into Eng- lish, &c., Lon., 1728-31, 2 vols. fol. 2. The Independent Whig; or, a Defence of Primitive Christianity, 1732, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Sallust, trans, into English, 1744, 4to. 4. Review of a pamph. by Chas. Yorke, 1740, Svo. 5. In conjunction with John Trenehard, Cato's Letters, 1724, '37, '48, "55, 4 vols. 12mo. 6, 7. Two Collec. of Tracts: I. A Cordial for Low Spirits, 1750, 3 vols. 12mo: 3d ed., by Richard Baron, 1763, 3 vols. 12mo. II. The Pillars of Priestcraft and Orthodoxy Shaken, 1750, 2 vols. 12mo, New cd.. by Richard Baron, 1768, 4 vols. 12mo. Gordon, Thomas, 1. Naval Architecture, Lon., 1784, Svo. 2. British Fisheries, 1785, Svo. Gordon, Thomas, of Aberdeenshire, General of a Division of the Greek Army. Hist, of the Greek Revolu- tion, Lon., 1832, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1842. "It is utterly impossible for us to do any thing like justice to the merits of these important volumes; but we have seen more than enough to justify us in declariug that they must at once take tht-'ir rank among our standard liistorit'S." — Lan. Athenmum. ■' Hundreds of books have been written about the Greek Revo- lution, but its history is now truly written for the first time." — Lou. Examiurr. Gordon, Thomas F. 1. Digest of the Laws of tho United States, Phila., 1S27, Svo; 4th ed., 1851. "An exceedingly useful work, very carefully prepared." — Jfor- vin'sLeg.Bihl.^VJ.; IS Amer.Jur.^-Z'l'A; 19,257; 1 Lrg. Exam., 263. 2. Hist, of Pennsylvania from its Discovery to 1776, 1823, '29, Svo. 3. Hist, of New Jersey from its Discovery to 17S9, Trenton, 1831, Svo. 4. The Hist, of America, Phila., 1 831. 2 vols. 12mo. The first two vols, of the Cabinet of American History. Two more were pub. in 1832 : see No. 5. 5. The Hist, of Ancient JVlexico, 2 vols. 707 GOR GOR 12mo. See No. 4. 6. Gazetteer of New Jersey, Trenton, I 1834, 8vo. 7. Gazetteer of New York, lx:i6, 8vo. Gordon, W'm. 1. Serm., 1710. 4tu. 2. Do., 1717, Svo. Gordon, >Vm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1718, '19, Svo. Gordon, Wra. Hist, of tlie Ancient Noble and lUust. Family of tiie Gordons to 1690, Edin., 1726, 2 vols. 8vo. '■ CoIIecti'd from Scots and foreign historical manuscripts, records, and registers of the nation." Gordon, W'm. Serm., 1746, Svo. Gordon, Wm. 1. The Universal Accountant and Complete Merchant, 1763, '65, '74, 2 vols. Svo. "A worli of this Itiud adapted to the present state of science and commerce is a desideratum " — McOnWjcti's Lit. of PnlU. Econ. Mr. McCuUoch heads the department devoted to Book- keeping and Mercantile Accounts in the valuable work from which we have just quoted, with the following apt citation from an eminent authority: *'The couutiug-house of an accomplished merchant is a school of method, where the great science m.iy be learned of ranging par- ticulars under generals, of bringing the different parts of a trans- action together, and of showing at one view a long series of dealing and exchange. Let no man venture into large business while he is ignoi-ant of the method of regulating books; never let him imagine that any degree of natural abilities will enable him to supply this deficiency or preserve multiplicity of affairs from in- extricable confusion.'' — Dr. Johnson: Pn-Jaix to Rolfs Dictivnuru tif Trade and Oiin7yi<:rcc. 2. Arithmetic, 1779, 12mo. 3. Livy, in English, 1813, 12mo. Gordon, Wm. Thanksg. Serm., Lon., 1776, Svo. Gordon, Wm., D.D., 1729-1807, a native of Hitchin, Hertfordshire, England, was pastor of an Independent church at Ipswich, and was subsequently successor to Dr. David Jennings in the church at Old Gravel Lane, Wap- ping. In 1770 he removed to America, and became minister of the Third Church, Roxbury, Mass. In 1786 he returned to England, and preached both at St. Neot's, Huntingdon- shire, and at Ipswich. He died in the latter place Oct. 19, 1807. He pub. semis., Ac, 1772, '75, '77, 'S3; an Abridgt. of Jonathan Edwards's Treatise on the Religious Affec- tions, and a History of the Rise, Progress, and Establish- ment of the Independency of the U. States of America, Ac, Lon., 1788, 4 vols. Svo; N. York, 17S9, 3 vols. Svo ; 1794, 3 vols. Svo. "The language of this work deserves little encomium, but the merit of fidelity is the first qualification in an historian; and to that claim we believe the piesent dispassionate writer is fully en- titled." — Lou. Month. Hnv., Mn/. ITs'j, 441. 44:2. "The History of Gordon, in tour thick octavo volumes, will, in like manner, be consulted with best effect when other accounts have been perused. The author appears to have access to good sources of information; and the work is an immense assemblage of tacts, presented to the reader with little or no comment, aud with great impartiality." — Smi/th's Lects. on Mod. Hist. But audi alteram partem : "This however is rather a collection of facts than a regular his- tory, for the writing of which, indeed, the author had no talent ; his style is vulgar and confused, and his reflections commonplace. The best parts of it occur where he made most use of Dodsle.v's Annual Register. The colouring be attempts to give, as may be expected, is entirely unfavourable to the English, nor does he en- deavour to disguise his partialities." — Supp. vol. to the Diet. Ilist.. 1812. " There arises some suspicion that Dr. Gordon actually wrote under the influence of .Vmerican prejudice." — Lon. Critical Etr. Gordon, Wra., M.D., 1801-1849, was educated at Ri- pon, Engl.and, in the vicinity of which city he was born. After some years' experience as a general practitioner, in 1841 he took the degree of M.D., and settled as a physi- cian in Hull. 1. Academical Examin.ations on the Practice of Surgery, 1828. 2. Critical Inquiry concerning a new Membrane of the Eye, 1832. 3. Contributions to Medical Journals. See The Christian Philosopher triumphing over Death ; a narrative of the Closing Scenes of the Life of the late Wm. Gordon, M.D., F.L.S., of Kingston-npon-HuU, by Newman Hall, Lon., 1849, 12mo; 5th cd., 1854. Wo have referred to this work in our life of Godman, Joir.v D. Gore, Mrs. Catherine Grace, a celebrated English novelist, the widow of Mr. Charles Gore, has perhaps done more to familiarize the public mind with the tone of fash- ionable manners and conversation than any other writer of the day. The following alphabetical list of her writings presents the best illustration of her literary industry. From the date of her first work, (about 1823,) — Theresa Marchmont; or. The Maid of Honour, — Mrs. Goro has been in constant communication with the public. 1. Agathonia, 1844, 12mo. 2. Ambassador's Wife, 1S42, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Banker's Wife, 1843, 3 vols. cr. Svo. 4. Birthright, and other Tales, 1843, 3 vols. p. Svo. 5. Bond ; a Dramatic Poem, Svo. 6. Cabinet Minister, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. Castles in the Air, 1847, 3 vols. p. Svo. 8. Cecil ; or. Adventures of a Co.xcomb, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1849, 12mo. 9. Courtier of the Days of Charles the Second, and otber Tales, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 10. Daerc of the South, or the Olden Time; a Tragedy, 1840, Svo. 11. De- bntante, 2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 12. Dean's Daughter; or. The Days We Live In, 1853,3 vols. p. Svo. 13. Diamond and the Pearl, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo. 14. Diary of a Desen- nuyee, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. 15. Dowager; or. Modern School of Scandal, 1840, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1854, 12mo. 16. Fair of May Fair, 1832, 3 vols. p. Svo. 17. Fascination, and other Tales, (edited by Mrs. Gore,) 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo. 18. Greville; or, A Season in Paris, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 19. Hamiltons, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1850, 12mo. 20. Heir of Selwood, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. 21. Historical Traveller, 1831, 2 vols. p. Svo. 22. Hung.arian Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo. 23. Inundation; a Christmas Story, 1843, '50, 12mo. 24. Lady Leighton. 25. Lettre de Cachet; The Reign of Terror; two tales, 1S27, p. Svo. 26. Lost Son. New eil., 1854, 12mo. 27. Mammon ; or, the Hardships of an Heiress, 1855, 3 vols. p. Svo. 28. Man of Fortune, and other Tales, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 29. Manners of the Day; or. Women as they are, 1S30, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 30. Mary Raymond, and other "Tales, 1S37, 3 vols. p. Svo. 31. Memoirs of a Peeress ; edited by Lady Charlotte Bury. 3 vols. p. Svo. 32. Men of Capital; Two Stories, 1S46. 3 vols. p. Svo. 33. Modern Chivalry, 1843, 2 vols. cr. Svo. 34. Money-Lender, 1843, 3 vols. cr. Svo; 1854, 12mo. 35. Mothers .and D.aughters, 1831, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1834, *49, 12mo. 36. Mrs. Armytage; or. Female Domination. 3 vols. p. Svo; 1848, 12mo. 37. New Year's Day, 1846, '50, 12mo. 38. Opera ; a Story of the Beau Monde, 3 vols, p. Svo. 39. Ormington, or Cecil a Peer: a sequel to Cecil a Coxcomb, 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo. 40. Paris, Pictu- resque and Romantic; letter-press by Mrs. Gore, with 21 illustrations by Mr. T. Allom, 1842, r. Svo. 41. Peers and Parvenus, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 42. Pin-Money, 3 vols. p. Svo. 43. Polish Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo. 44. Popular Mem- ber, and other Tiilcs, 1844, 3 vols. p. Svo. 45. Prefer- ment; or, my Uncle the Earl, 1S39, 3 vols. p. Svo. 46. Progress and Prejudice, 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 47. Queen of Denmark, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. 48. Quid Pro Quo; a Comedy, Svo. 49. Romances of Real Life, 3 vols. p. Svo. 50. Rose-Fancier's Manual, a trans, from the French. 1838, p. Svo. 51. Self, 3 vols. p. Svo. 52. Sketch-Book of Fashion, 3 vols. p. Svo. 53. Sketches of English Cha- racter, 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo ; 1S52, 12mo. 54. Suow-Storm ; a Christmas Story, 1845, '50, '54; 12mo. 55. Soldier of Lyons, 1841, '49, 12mo. 56. Stokeshill Place; or. The Man of Business, 1837, 3 vols. p. Svo. 57. Story of a Royal Favourite, 1S46, 3 vols. p. Svo. 58. Temptation and Atonement, 1847, 3 vols. p. Svo. 59. The Lover and the Husband, (a free trans, of M. Bertrand's Gerfault;J The Woman of a Certain Age, Ac, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 60. The Peeress. 61. Theresa Marchmont; or, the Maid of Honour, about 1S23. ISmo. 62. Tuileries, 3 vols. p. Svo. 63. Two Broken Hearts; a Poem, Svo. 64. Womau of Business. 65. Woman of the World, 183S, 3 vols. p. Svo. This list might be lengthened by [he addition of The Maid of Croissy, The Sledge-Driver, — dramas from the French, — The School for Coquettes, a Comedy ; Life's Lesson, 1856 ; The Two Aristocracies, 1857, and a number of works pub. without the author's name. Mrs. Goro is said to have in preparation for tho press. Memoirs of the Present Cen- tury, Social, Literary, and Political, (1858.) 'The success of this popular novelist in her sketches of the prevailing tone of fashionable society is admitted by the ablest critics : "The more respectable of Mrs. Gore's personages are affecters of an excessive prudery concerning the decencies of life, — njiy, occasionally of an exalted aud mystical religious feeling. What- ever, therefore, they do, is a fair and absolute measure of the pri>- vailing opinions of the class, aud may l)e regarded as not deroga- tory to their position in the eyes of their equals. But the low aver.age standard of morality thus depicted, with its conventional distinctions, cannot be invented. It forms the atmosphere in which the parties live; and were it a fictitious compound, fabri- cated at the author's pleasure, the beiugs who breathe it could not but be universally acknowledged as fantastical, and as mere monstrosities; they would, indeed, be incapable of acting in harmony and consistence with the known laws and usages of civil life. If the situations and dialogues of Mrs. Gore's novels be compared with these usages and laws, and with any of the records of the actual sayings and doings of high life, — such as a series of parliamentary reports, county meetings, race-course transactions, Ac, they will be found, with a reasonable allowance for artistic colouring, to reflect accurately enough the notions current among the upper classes respecting religion, politics, domestic morals, the social affections, and that coarse aggregate of dealing with our neighbours which is embraced by the term common houesty, "It is this average morality of the aristocratic classes that chiefly concerns society at large. The specific overt acts of high life are as much out of the reach of imitation by inferiors as its deportment and carriage."— ion. AUiaiaum, 1839, 8S8, 889. Head the whole of this p.apBr. GOB GOR " Many of Mrs. Gore's novels are works in which the present state of society and manners is more or less clearly impressed: they are ptcturesof the time, and no more." — Allan Cunninguam: Bioff. and Ci-it. Hist, of the Lit. of the Laat Fifty I'mrs. "Among the novelists of the day, Mrs. Gore is entitled to a high place." — Edin. I!ev. '• Mrs. Gore's style is always animated, lipht, and playful. Tt is sustained by origiaality of thought, and sparkles with satirical allusions." "All the productions of Mrs. Gore afford evidence of great apti- tude, cleverness, and talent." — Lon. Lit. GmtJte. *' Mrs, Gore is certainly foremost among the female novelists of the day, for wit, acuteness of observation, for originality of re- mark, and generally for her graphic powers." — Lon. Observer. '■ The novel of conventional and artificial lify belongs to no one so much as to Mrs. Gore. Who does not know the ring of her regular sentences? — the dialogue which chimes in exactly the same measure, whether the speakers speak in a club, or in the dowager-duchess's sombre and pious boudoir?" The critic proceeds to notice the sameness of this lady's scenes and characters in her different works, and then continues : " Nevertheless. Mr?. Gore's novels have a host of readers, and Mrs. Giires readers are interested. People will be interested, we Buspei.'t, till the end of the world, in the old. old story how Edwin and Angelina fell in love with each other; how they were sepa- rated, pciseruted, and tempted: and how their virtue and con- stancy triumphed over all their misfortunes. And there is much vivaiity and liveliness, and a good deal of shrewd observation, in these books. They are amusing, pleasant beguilers of a stray hour; and, after ail our grand pretensions, how valuable a pro- perty is this in the geuns novel, which proclaims itself an ephe- meron in its very name!" — Modern Novelists, Great a7ui Small: Blackwood" s M'ff., May, 1855. Gore, Charles, A work on ships, Lon., 1790. 4to. Gore, Christopher, 175S-1S27; Governor of Mas- sachusetts, 1809; U. States Senator, 1SI4-17; pub. a Masonic Oration, 1783. See Amer. Ann. Reg., 1S26-27, p. 339-341. Gov. Gore left to Harvard College a bequest amounting to nearly one hundred thousand dollars. Gore, Henry. Elements of S. Geometry, 1733, 8vo. Gore, John. Serm., Phil. iv. II, Lou., 1634. 4to. Gore, Montagu. Some Remarks on the Foreign Relations of England nt the present Crisis, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Reviewed by Lrjrd Brougham in the Edin. Rev., Ixviii. 495-537 ; and in his Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., vol. ii. 132-184, 1856. Gore, R. T., of the Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, London. Trans, of J. F. Blumenbach's Elements of Natural His- tory. From the 10th German ed. New ed., Lon., 1826, Svo. '• It is, indeed, remarkable for its clear arrangement, and for the immense quantity of interesting and valuable information it con- tains, condensed into a small compass. It is altogether the best Klementary Book on Natural History, in any language." — Law- rence's Lectures. A trans, of Blumenbach's System of Comparative Ana- tomy, with addits. by W. Lawrence, was pub. in 1807, 8vo. Gore, Thomas, 1G31-1684. a heraldic writer, a na- tive of Aldertou, Wiltshire, was educated at Magdalen Coll., Oxf., and was subsequently for a short time an iumato of Lincoln's Inn. 1. A Table showing how to Blazon a Coat ten several ways, lft55 ; a single folio sheet, copied from Sir John Feme, q. v. 2. Nomenclator Geographicus, &c., Oxon., 1667, 8vo. 3. Series Alphabetica, Latino- Anglica, Nomina Gentilitiorum, sive Cognominum plumi- rarum Familiarum, quje multos per Annos in Anglia tioruere, Ac, 1667, 8vo. 4. Catalogus in certa Capita, sen Classes, alpbabetico ordine concinnatus, plerorumque omnium Authorum (tarn antiquorum quam recentiorum) qui de re Heraldica, Latine, Gallice. Ital.. Hispan., Germ., Anglice, scripserunt: &c., lt;68, 4to. With enlargements, 1674, 4to. In this lafalogue raisonnee — for such it is — we have simply the names of the authors, and brief titles of their productions. " This work displaved much tjilent, and the hooks were classed in a scientific method; but the Ust w.is confined entirely to an enumeration of the names of authors, and brief titles of their works. The tract has become so exceedingly scarce, that it is now to be found in very few libraries, and its purchase is only to be obtained at a price considerably above its intrinsic value."' — Mould's Bill. Heraldica, (Pre/.) q. v. 5. Loyalty Displayed and Falsehood Unmasked, Lon., 16SI, 4to. See Athen.Oxon. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixii. Goree, Father. A New Island; Phil. Trans., 1711. Gorges, Sir Arthnr. Transcript, &c. rel. to an office called the Public Register fur General Commerce, Lon., 1611. '12, 4to. Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, d. 1647, Proprietor of the Province of Maine, was the Governor of Plymouth, and an early member of the Plymouth Company in Eng- land. He expended £20,000 in his American enterprises. A narrative of his proceedings relative to the settlement of New England will be found in his grandson Ferdinando Gorges's America Painted to the Life. See Belknap's Biog. of Gorges ; Bancroft's Hist, of America. Gorges, Ferdinando, grandson of the preceding and inheritor of his interests in New England, pub. a de- scription of New England, entitled America Painted to the Life, Lon., 1059, 4to ; pub. at £1 1«. It is seldom found complete: see collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Johnson's Wonder-Working Providence is annexed to some copies, and the History of the Spaniards' Proceedings, Ac, is sometimes found separate. Gorham, George Cornelius, Vicar of Brampford- Speke, Devon. 1. Public Worship, Lon., 1809. 2. Pro- ceedings rel. to 2d Anniv. Camb. Bible Society, 1814. 3. Hist, and Antiq. of Eynesbury and St. Neot's in Hun- tingdonshire, and of St. Neot's in County of Cornwall, Lon., 1820, 8vo. 3. A Statement submitted to the Mem- bers of the Brit, and For. Bible Soc. on the impropriety of circulating the Apocryphal Books indiscriminately inter- mingled with the inspired writings, 1825, 8vo. "Deserving of a place in the student's library, on account of the various and interesting information which it contains relative to the literary History of the Apocrypha. The second edition is the best."— //i^rnf's Bill. Bib. It elicited two Letters from L. Von Ess, D.D., which were pub., with Mr. Gorham's Reply, 1826, 8vo. See Home, nfii supra. But the name of Gorham is suggestive of another controversy — with the Bishop of Exeter and his advocates, on the efficacy of Infant Baptism — which has excited great interest both at home and abroad. Respecting this matter, we refer the reader to the Exa- mination of Mr. Gorham before the Bishop of Exeter, 1848, 8vo; The Gorham Case Complete, 5th ed., 1850, 12mo; The Gorham Case, by E. F. Moore, 1852, r. 18mo ; The Judicial Com. of the Privy Council, and petition fur a Church Triliunal in lieu of it, 1850, Svo; and an elabo- rate review of The Gorham Controversy in Edin. Rev., xcii. 263-292. Gorham, John, M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1829. aged 46, adjunct Prof, of Chemistry and Materia Mediea at Cambridge, 1809 ; of Chemistry and Mineralogy, 1816. 1. Inaug. Address, 1817. 2. Elements of Chemical Science, 1819, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Con. on Sugar to Thom. Ann. Pbilos., 1817. Gorham, VVm. Dividing the Land of Israel, Ac, Lon., 1688. This is by some supposed to be the production of Thos. Rannew. Goring, C Thoughts on Revelations, «fec., Lon., 1807, 8vo. "Shewing the unity of the prophecies of Daniel and Esdras with the Apocalypse: and their clear explanation of the events which are now acting in Christendom."- — Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Goring, Col. His Declaration rel. to the late Con- spiracy, Ac, 1641, 4to. Gorrie, Rev. P. Douglass, b. 1813, at Glasgow, Scotland, emigrated to the II. States, 1820. 1. Essay on Episcopal Succession. 2. Lives of Eminent Methodist Ministers in Europe and America, pp. 400. 3. Black River Conference Memorial, pp. 350. 4. The Churches and Sects in the U. States, N. York. 1850, 12mo. 5. Epis- copal Methodism as it was and is. Auburn, 1852, 12mo. Gorton, John. 1. 500 Ques. on Goldsmith's Hist of Eng., Lon., 1815, 18mo. 2. Populat. Returns of G. Brit. for 1831, Svo. 3. A General Biographical Dictionary, 1828-30, 2 vols. 8vo. Pub. in numbers. Enlarged, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo; 1841, 3 vols. Svo. New ed., with a Supp. to 1850, edited by Cyrus Redding, 1851, 4 vols. Svo. Notices of first ed. : "This Dictionary is peculiarly valuable as a work of reference for the general reader, on account of information respecting pro- minent characters that have tit^ured on the stage of lifn Iwing more its object than an alphabetical list of individuals of various note and merit: and upon this ground particularly it lias a claim to distinguished notice. Impartiality is another recommendation; and. as far as we have observed, this spirit is very creditably main- tained throughout." — Lon. New Mur space — would fail to tell the tenth i)art of this good man's efforts for the glory of God and the salvation of man. When at last called, at the rijio age of seventy-seven, to rest from bis labours, his death was regarded as a public loss. The great Dr. TiUotson, who preached a most afl'ecting sermon in honour of his memory, declared that, "All things considered, there have not since the primitive times of Cbristiauity been niaoy among the Pons of M»^n to whom that glorious CharafttT of the Son of God might be better applied — that he went about doing good. And Wales may as worthily boast of this truly Apostolical Man as of their fanious St. David." We have other testimonies to the same effect: "But Mr. Gouge's most eminent distinction was his unwearied diligence in doing good, in which be had a most singular sagacity and prudence in contriving the moRt effectual means for it."' — Dr. TuoMAS Birch: Life of Archlnshop TiUotson. '*I never heard any one person, of whatever rank, sort, or sect soever, speak one word to his dishonour, or name any fault that they chargfd on his life and doctrine." — Kicuard Baxter: i\'a>Ta- live of his own Life ajid Times. "The excellent Gouge! . . . My honoured Gouge! ... It is lamentable to see the ignorance and wickedness yet remaining even in many parts of the British dominions in Wales, in the Highlands, and in Ireland. Are the Gouges all dead?" — Cotton Mather : Essai/s to do Good. This excellent man pub. a biography of his father, pre- fixed to the works of the latter, 16f>a. Several serms., 1663, '73, '77. '79. The Principles of the Christian Re- ligion Explained, 1679. The Young Man's Guide to Heaven, Christian Directions, and A Word to Sinners and a Word to Saints, 16S1. An accession serm. was pub. after his death, 1717; and a collective ed. of his works, with Dr. Tillotson's Puneral Serm., was pub, in 1706, Svo. "Gouge's Works are, like their veneiable author, full of piety, charity, humility, and moderation; in a word, full of practical wisdom, accompanied with zea! for the glory of God and the salva- tion of souls." — Willium.t's C. P. Of The Surest and Safest Way of Thriving, viz., by Charity to the Poor ; a Serm. on Matt. x. 41, 42, 167."i, 4to. A new ed. was issued in 1S52, 18mo ; and another in the present month. May. 1856, fp. Svo, with Prefatory Remarks by Baxter, and Drs. Owen. Manton, Bates, and T. Binney, and a Sketch of the Author's Life by the latter. The Young Man's Guide to Heaven has also been republished. The practice of this good man in the matter of "giving," ac- corded with his precept: for when his annual income was reduced to £loO, he gave away the £100 and lived ou the £50. Gouge, WiUiam, D.D.. 1575-1653, a native of Bow, father of the preceding, was educated at Eton School and King's Coll., Camb. ; Rector of St. Ann, Elackfriars, Lon- don, 1608-53 ; one of the Assembly of Divines, 1643. He was one of those who protested against the murder of Charles I. 1. The World's Great Restoration, (written by H. Finch.) Lon., 1621, 4to. 2. Explan. of the Lord's Prayer. 1626, 4to. 3. Domestical Duties, 1626, fob 4. The Whole Armour of God, 1G27, fol. 5. Works, in 4 parts, 1627, fol. 6. God's Three Arrows, 1631, 4to. 7. Com- ment, ou Ps. cxvi., 1632, 4to. 8. Serm., 1642, 4to. 9. Serm., 1646, 4to. 10. Comment, on the Hebrews, with Life of Thomas Gouge, 1655, 2 vols. fol. This excellent work contains the substance of nearly one thousand sermons delivered on lectures on Wednesday for thirty years ! " A verv full, evangelical, and practical commentary." — Bicker- stettii as. '* Gouge was a learned and pious divine, and a good t«xtman: he was counted (whilst he livedj the father of the London minis- ters.'" — Leigh. "For forty-five years he was the laborious, the exemplary, and the much-loved minister of St. Anne's. Itlackfriars, where none e%er thought or spoke ill of him but such as were inclined to thinli or speak ill of religion itself." — Granger. Gouge, William M., b. Nov. 10, 1796. at Phila- delphia, was for many years engnged in the preparation of the Documents in the Treasury Department of the U. S. 1. A Short History of Paper i\Ioney and Banking in the U. S., including An Inquiry into the Principles of the System, with considerations of its effects on Morals and Happiness, Philada.. 1833, 12mo, pp. 396; 2d ed., Philad., 1842. This work has attracted considerable attention throughout Europe and America. A mutilated edition of the tirst part waa republished in England by Wm. Cubbett, under the title of '* The Cur.^e of Paper Money." An abridgment of the work appeared in La Revue Univer- selle, Brussels. See McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 2. An Inquiry into the Expediency of dispensing with Bunk Agency and with Bank Paper in the Fiscal Concerns of the U. States, 1837, pp. 56. 3. History of the American Banking System, 12mo, N. Y., 1.S35. 4. The Fiscal His- tory of Texas, Svo, pp. 327, Philad., IS52. Mr. Gouge has edited several journals, and has contributed for the last thirty years many valuable articles on banks and banking to variI. T. The Stenographic Reporter ; a monthly Journal. Wa>hington, 1S4I)-41, 2 vols. 8vo. Gould, Xathauiel D., of Boston. Mass. 1. Com- panion to the Psalmist. 2. Natii'ual Church Harmony. 3. Sabbath School Harmony. 4. Social Harmnny. 5. Sa- cred Minstrel. 6. Beauties of Writing. 7. Writing Mas- ter's Assistant, 8. Progressive Penmanship. 9. Hist, of Church Music in America. Gould, Robert, 1. Ludus Scacchia; a Satyr, with other Pucms, Lon., 1675, 8vo. 2. Poems, chiefly consist- ing of Satyrs and Satyrical Pieces, 1689, Svo. 3. The Corruption of the Times by Money; a Satyr, 1693, fol. Gould, W. T. Address Introduc. to" the 2d Course of Lectures in the Law School at Augusta, Augusta,1835,8vo. Gould, Wra. Serm., Lon., 1676, 4to. Gould, Wm. Con. on nat. philos., &c. to Phil. Trans., 1684. Gould, Wm. English Ants, Lon., 1747, 8vo. Gould, Wm. Serm., 1774, 4to. Gould, Wm. Trans of A Short Discourse of the Sacrament, by Maurus Rabanus, Aberd.. 1624, 12mo. Gould, Wm. M. Zephyrs from Italy and Sicily, N. York, 1852. Ifimo. Highly commended. Goulde, Wm. Sermk. 1672. '74, '76, '82. all 4to. Gouldin^, Kev. F. K., of Kingston, Georgia. Ro- bert and Haloid ; or, The Young Marooners on the Florida Coast, Pbila., 1852, 18mo. " I have read the Young Marooners in MS. with exceeding in- terest, and think it oue of the most attractive books for the young I hare ever seen. My group of children, to whom I read it, wirh unanimous acclaim pronounced the bonk to be ttjual to Rahunon Crusoe. A child's verdict cannot give bij^her praie.e." — Rev. John S. C. Abbott. "We do not hesitate to say that it is a remarkable little book; and will undoubtedly become a great favourite with the young, as it well deserves the confidence and favour of parents." — PliUa. Biblical Jiepertory. Gouldman, Francis. Lat. and Eng. Dict'y, Lon., 1664, 4tM ; Camb., 1674, 4to. "With addits.'by Dr. Scatter- g<>:>d, 1678, foL GOW Gouldsborough, John. See GoLDE.sBonoucH, Jons. Goulston, Goulson, or Gulson, Theodore, M.D., d. 1632, a native of Northarniitonshirc, founder of the Lec- tureship of Pathology which hears his name, was eilucated at, and Fellow of, Alerton Coll., Oxf. He enjoyed an ex- tensive practice in London, nnd wag distinguished as a Latin and Greek scholar. 1. Vcr.«io Latina et Paraphrasis in Aristotclis Rhetoricam, Lon., 1619, '23, 4to. 2. Aristo- telis de Poetica Liber Latine conversus, et Analytica Me- thodo illustratus, 1623, 4to. Cum Notis Sylburgi Heinsii, Camb., 1696, Svo. 3. Versio Varia) Lectiones et Annota- tinnea Critical in Opuscula varia Galeni, Lon., 1640, 4to. Edited by his friend, the Rev. Thomas Gataker, of Ro- therhithc. Gourdon. Request to R. Catholics, Lon., 1687, 4to. Gourdon, Sir llobert. Receipt to Cure Mad Dogs or their bile; Phil. Trans.. 16S7. Gourlay, John. Art of War, 1809, Svo. Gourlay, Robert. 1. Reform, 1S09, Svo. 2. Lett, to Earl of Kellie, 18U9, Svo. 3. Upper Canada, 1822, 3 vols. Svo. Gourlay, Wm., M.D. I. Diseases of Jamaica, 1783- 1808, Lon.. 1811. Svu. 2. Con. to Med. Com., 1785, '91. Gove, Rev. Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1650-54. Goveanus, Thomas. 1. Ars Sciendi, Lon., 1682, 8vo. 2. Logica Elenatica, Dubl., 1683, 12mo. Govett, K. Theoh.g. works, Lon.. 1841-53. Govett, R., Jr. E.xpos. of Isaiah, Lon., 1841, Svo. "Some valuabli? lemarks on the prophecies, but too little regard- ing their past fulfilment." — Bickcr&Utlis C S. Other theological works. Gow, IVeil. 1. Reports N. P. Ct., C. P., and Oxf. Cir., M. T., 1^1^. to E. T., 1820. Lon., 1828, Svo. 2. Prac. Treat on Law of Partnership, 3d ed., with addits., 1841, r. Svo. 2d Amer. ed., with Notes and ref. to Amer. Cases, Phila., and Append, to 1844, Pliila.. 1837-45, Svo. 3d Amer. ed. "Mr.Iugraham has enriched this work by a series of It-arned notes, in which the American cases are dilii^ently collected, and the force and application of them ably considered." — Kp-?it's O/ni. Gowar, F. R. Cbem. con. to Nic. Jour., 1811. Gower. Patriotic Songster, I. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730. Grady, S. G. I. Regis, of A'oters Act, kc, Lon., 1843, 12uio. 2. Law of Fixtures, 1846, 12nio. 3. In con- junction with C. H. Scotland, Law and Practice, Crown side, Ct. of il B.. 1844, 12ino. Gra!m, l'. Montis, K. Pielas in Patrcm e vita de- cedentem. Kiliii.. 1009. 4to. Gneme, Jolin, 1748-1772, a native of Carnw.arth, Lanarkshire, Scotland, ('(Uiiposcd a number of poems which were collected and itnb. at Edin. in 1773, 8vo. "There are few of them entitled to su|ierier praise, and certainly none that can justify the length to which the detail of his life and opinions has been extended." See Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Ander- son's roets; I'arU's i'oets; Brit. Crit.. vol. vii. Gripme, Wnt., M.D. 1. Knowl. in Physic, Lon., 1729, 8vo. 2. Ilistie snmetimes quoted by Stowe and others." — Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1777, p. 58. But it is not to be forgotten on Grafton's behalf that he assures us that he himself wrote the completion of Hall's continuation of his Chronicle ; and if Bishop Nicolson alludes to the continuation, he seems to do Graf- ton injustice. In 1543, 4to, Grafton pub. Harding's Chronicle, with a continuation of his own, in prose, to the thirty-fourth year of Henry VIII. Graglia, C. 1. Itiilian Exercises, Lon., 12mo. 2. Grammar, 12mo. 3. Letters, 12mo. 4. Ital. and Eng. Dictionary, new ed., 1851, 18mo. Graglia, G. A. 1. Dictionary of Ital. and Eng., Lon.. 17S6, sm. 4to; 1795, 12mo; 1815, 12mo, 2. Guide to Italian, 1803, 12mo. Graham. See Gr.eme. Graham. Wallace; a Tragedy, Edin., 1799, Svo. Only six coi)ies printed. Graham, Dr. Con. to Med. Com., 17S7. Graham, Catherine. See Macaulav. Graham, David, Jr., of the New York Bar. 1. Cts. of Law and Equity in N. York, N. York, 1S39. Svo. 2. New Trials, 1834, Svo. New ed.. greatly enlarged, by D. Graham, Jr., and Thos. W. Waterman, 1856, 3 vols. Svo. 3. Prac. of the Supreme Ct. of N. York, 2d ed., 1836, Svo ; 3d. cd., vn'un. and other papers to Phil. Trans., 1721-48. Graham, George. IVlemachus ; a Mask, Lon., 1762, 4to. Graham, George Farquhav. 1. Essay on Musical Composition, Edin., 1838, 4to. 2. Art of English Composi- tion. 1840. 12mo; 4th ed., 1858. 3. First Steps to Latin Writing; 2d ed.. 1844, 12mo. 4. Chart of English Sove- reigns, 1843, Svo. 5. Helps to English Grammar, 1843, 12mo. 6. English Synonymcs, 1846, 12mo; edited by Henry Reed, LL.D., N. York, 1847, 12mo ; 3d Lou. ed., 1S58. 7. English Spelling-Book, 1847, 12mo. 8. Studies from the English Poets, 1852, 12nio ; 2d ed., 1858. 9. Songs of Scotland, 1856, r. Svo. 10. English Style, 1S57, 12mo. Also articles Music, Organ, &c. in Encyc. Brit., 8th ed.. 1853-60. Graham, Isabella, 1742-1814, a native of Lanark, Scotland, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Marshall, in 1789 .selected N<-;w York as a permanent residence, and lived iu that city until her death. She was devoted to good works; and several useful institutions of the city are her best monuments. Her grandson, tlie Rev. George W. Bethuno, D.D., of Brooklyn, New York, inherits both her liternry talents and moral virtues. Dr. Mason pub. Me- moirs of Mrs. Graham ; and of her Life and Writings, (first pub. 1816, Svo) more than 50,000 copies have been sold in America, and many in England and Scotland. New ed., L'>n., 1838, Svo. Letters and Correspondence, selected by her daughter, Mrs. Bethune, N. York, 1838, Svo. Edited by the Rev. J. Marshall, Lon., 1839, Svo. Memoir of, N. York, 12mo: also by the Anier. Tract Soc. Graham, James, Marquis of Montrose, 1612-1650, one of the most illustrious characters of modern history, murdered in the most brutal manner by his political ene- mies, was the author of a number of poems, &c. See Watson's Collection; Pinkerton's Scottish Ballads: Rit- son's Scottish Songs. It is rather doubtful what pieces may be certainly ascribed to him ; but ''To the Ver.ses on Charles the First he has an unquestionabla right; and they are conceived with tho vigour and dignity of a Bol*i\ev."—Umd!^tj's Select Bc'mh>s of Anc. Eng. Poet. " lie was not without vanity, but bis virtues were much superior, and he well deserved to have his memory preserved and celebmted among the most illustrious persons of the age in which he lived.''— Loan CtARENDON. See Lloyd's Memoirs ; Do Rebus prjeclare ab eo gestis, 1647, Svo ; Park's Walpolo's R. and N. Authors, and authorities there cited. Graham, James. Con. to Med. Obs. and Tnq., 1755. Graham, James, M.D. Med. works, 1779-90. Graham, James. Population, 1816, Svo. Graham, James, of New Orleans, has now (1856) in preparation, jnomised in the present year. The Life of Col. Daniel Morgan, of the Continental Army, from hia unpub. letters and papers. Mr. G. is a grandson of Col. Morgan. No life of the hero of Cowpens has yet ap- peared, and the only biographical sketch which lias been published is not thought by Mr. Graham to do justice to its subject. Graham, Rt. Hon. Sir James Robert George, h. June, 1702, has occupied many important positions under the British Government. Coin and Currency: an Address to the Land-owners, Lon., 1827, Svo. "An exceedingly well-written, able pamphlet."^J/cC^Hoc7i'* Lit. of PoUt. Ecoii., q. V. Graham, Johu, 1694-1773, minister in Woodbury, Connect. 1. Ballad against the Ch. of Eng. in Connec.» 1732. 2. Tract on the same subject. 3. Rejoinder to Johnson's Answer. See Chandler's Life of Saml. John- son, D.D. Graham, John. Serms., Ac, 1800, '06, '10. Graham, Johu. Serms., 1835, ''6^. Graham, Rev. John. 1. Hist, of Ireland, 1689-91, Lon., 1839, I2mo. 2. Siege of Londonderry; new ed., 1841, 12mo. Graham, John A., LL.D. Sketch of Vermont, Lon., 1797, Svo. Sec Rii-h"s BiM. Amcr. Nova. Graham, John Lorimer, born in Vermont, pub. Letters from Vermont, Junius Identified, A-c. Graham, lYIaria. See Calloott,Lady Maria ; Lon. Gent. Mag.. Jan. 1843, 98-99. Graham, Mary Jane, 1S03-1830, a native of Lon- don, removed a few years before her death to Stoke- Floming, where she died. She trans, the Vicar of AVake- field into French, Latin, and Sjianish, and commenced an Itiilian version. None of these tran.^Iations were pub. She was also acquainted witii Greek, and skilled in ma- thematics ; up()n this S(nence she left an original MS. Some of her adtlresses and questions written for the chil- dren of her parish, jind other remains, have been pub. She is best known by The Test of Truth, the 7th ed. of which appeared in 1852, sq. An interesting Memoir of Miss Graham was pub. by the Rev. Charles Bridges, Vicar of Old Newton, Sulfolk, 1st ed., 1832 ; 2d ed., 1833. New ed., 1853, fp. Svo. "The writer is irlad to find that the lai-^'e extent nf {[Ufitafinn [from the Test of Truth] with which he has indulged hiuiself has in some means been etfectual to inti-oduce Miss Graham's work from the comparative obscuiity of an anonymous publication into that more general acceptance which in his own. and. he presumes he may add. in his reader'.s judgment it well deserves." — Kev. Charles Bkiiioes: Mi-moir of M. J. Graham. Graham, Patrick, D.D. 1. Scenery of Perthshire, Edin.. 1S06, "10, '12, 12mo. 2. Authenticity of Ossian, 1807. Svo; Lon.. 1810, Svo. Graham, Rich. Latitude; Phil. Trans., 1734. Graham, Robert, Lett, to Wm. Pitt, Lon., 1788, Svo. 715 GRA Graham, Robert, JI.D. 1. Fever, Glasg, ISIS, Svo. > Obstriictod Aurtii; Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 18U. Graham, Robert Hay, M.D. Water Cure as prac- ised at Graefenberg, Lon., 1844, 8vo. " During the two months Dr. Graham pas.wd at or near Graefen- l.erff he had ample opportunitiesof investigating the nature of the treatment pursued bv Preissnitz. the class of persons who ™nsti- lute his patients, and the results whi. h are olitained; and of these opportunities he availed himself to the utmost. His book is cer- tidnlv the most seientiflc and most impartial, and yet the mrat merciless, r:rpos( of the Graefenberg fiaud, that we have met with ; the most complete history that has appealed, not only of hydro- pathy as piactised by the followers of I'reissnltz, but as practised bv Flover. Baynard, Currie, &c"—Lon. Lanctt. Graham, Thomas, D.C.L., b. 1805, at Glasgow; Master of the Mint; Prof, of Chemistry in University Coll., London. 1. Elements of Botany. Lon., Ih42, 12mo. I. For Schools, 1S48, p. Svo. 3. Elements of Chemistry, 1848, Svo. Amer. ed., with Notes and Addits. by Robert Bridges, M.D., Phila., 1852, Svo ; new ed., Pt, 1, Lon., lS5b : Pt ■> 1858 8vo,— forming 2 vols. A work of great value. Graham, Thomas J. 1. The Cold-Water System; an Essay e.thibiting the merits and most safe and effectual cmployliient of this excellent System in Debility, Indi- gestion, Ac, 2d ed., Lon., 1843, Svo. 2. Modern Domestic Medicine, 11th ed., 1853, Svo. , „ ^ . ^ , " We shall preserve it as the advice of an invaluable friend, to which we can refer in the hour cf ne«d. without any doubt of be- ing benefited by its wisdom."— io?!. LUcrary CUionule. Other medical, &c. works. Graham, Rev. W. The Jordan and the Rhine ; or, the East and the West, Lon., 1854, Svo. " ParUcularly rich in notes of modern Eastern habits, customs, and peculiarities, as illustrative of Scripture; and in re:-'ard to these communicating a mass of information often of a singularly curious and suggestive kind."— ion. -tdi'Prfiso-. _ Graham, Walter, M.D. Water in Cjstisis adhering to the Periluna?uin; Phil. Tr-ana., 1741. Graham, >Vm. Semis., Ac, 1759, 71, 72, Lon., all Svo. Graham, VVm., Rector of Stapleton. The Eclogues of Virgil, trans, into English Verse. Lon., 1786, Svo. Graham, Rev. Wm., of Newcastle. 1. Review of Eccles. Establish, in Europe, Glasg., 1792; Lon., 1S12, Svo. 2. Missionary Societies, 1797, Svo. Grahame, James, 17fi5-1811, a native of Glasgow, and educated at the University of that city, after devoting tome years to legal pursuits, took holy orders, and became successively Curate of Shipton, in Gloucestershire, and of Sedgefield,"in the county of Durham. He wrote a number of poems, the principal of which are in blank verse. 1. Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, Edin., 1801, Svo. " His drama of ,^Iary Stuart wants that passionate and happy vigour which the stage requires."— ^ftin CumiinghairCs Biog. and Crit. Hist, nf tlie Lit. of the last FSfly Tears. " A subject naturally attractive to a young Scottish poet. But his genius was utterly undramaticand althcmgh it possesses some fine passages it failed in commanding attentir'U." — D. M. Moia; Sl.itdies of the Pml. Lit. nf the I'.ist Half-' ■•iitury. 2. The Sabbath ; a Poem. Anon., 1804, Svo ; 2d ed., with Sabbath Walks, 1805, 12mo. 3 eds. same year. "The greater part of it is written in a heavy and inelegant man- ner . . It contains a good deal of doctrine and argumentation, indeed, both in the text and in the notes: but nothing that is not either very trite or very shallow and extravagant. . . . The whole publication, indeed, thr.uih not entitled to stand in the first rank of poetical excellrnre. is i.spectat'ly executed, and may be consi- dered as veiy creililahle. either to a beginner, or to one who does not look U|ion yioetrv as bis primary vocation."— Lord Jeffrey: Jidin. !:• ,:. V. 4:i7-442. "While the criticasters of his own country were pronouncing sentence of condemnation upon it. for its pious dulness and in- anity, the Sabt-ath had fvmnditsway from oneendof (ireat liritain to the other."— lioBERT Soi'TUET: Lnn. Quiir. Her., iii. 456-461. "The poem of the Sabliath will long endear the name of .lames Grahame to all who love the due ohsenance of Sunday and are acquainted with the devout thoughts and poetic feeling which it inspires."— All^n CrN.viNoUAM : nbi siipru. 3. Biblical Pictures. Lord Byron styles this and the preceding work " two volumes of cant, by sepulchral Gra- hame." The world would not have been the loser if his lordship had favoured us with some of the same kind of "cant" in lieu of his Don Juan and productions of a eimilar character. i. Birds of Scotland, and other Poems, 1806, cr. Svo and 12mo. "Grahame's Birds of Scotland is a delightful poem: yet its best passages are not superior to .some of Clare's about the same charm- ing creatures — and they are both ornithologists after Audubon's and our own heart." — Prof. .Tohn Wilson : Recreations of Cliristo- pher North : An Hour's Talk about Poetry. "The Birds of Scotland is a fine series of pictures, giving the form, the plumage, the haunts and habits of each individual bird, with a graphic fidelity rivalling the labours of Wilson."— Alx.\N CeNNiNGJl.\M; uhi siip7-a. "The work by which Mr. Grahame is already known to the pub- lic [The SabbaihJ is distinguished by the abundance of faithful 716 GRA delineation of natural objects, and the interest thrown over them bv the strou" expression of characteristic sentiments : and the same truth and foVceof description, with the same interest arising from the development of the writer's mind, will be found In the Birds of Scotland. '—io?!. Jl/0"W. ie™. , ,^^. , . „ .^ " We need not add that the perusal of this volume has afforded us a very uncommon degree of pleasure. The sensibility, without any affectation, which the author on all occasions displays, cannot fail to interest evei-y reader: he plainly feels every chai-m of nar ture he describes." — Lon. Literary Journal. 6. Poems, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. Svo. " His Sabl>ath Walks. Biblical Pictures, and Rural Calendar, are all alike remarkable for accuracy of description, and an original turn of thought." — Allan Cunningham: ubi supra. 6. British Georgics, 1809, 4to. " In The British Georgics, the last and most ambitious of Gra- hame's productions, we bare disappointment, less from the falling off iu power than from the unhappy selection of subject. ... At all events, we know that the British agriculturist neglects James Grahanio's Georgics for Henrv Stephens's Book of the Farm.' — D. M. Mom : ri:et. Lit. of the Past Half-Ckntury. "No practical farmer, he may depend upon it, will ever submit to be schooled in blank verse, however near it may approach to prose, or will ever condescend to look into the British Georgics for instruction; while the lovers of poetry must be very generally dis- gusted liv the tediousness of those discourses on piactical hus- bandry, which break in every now and then, so ungracefully, on the loftier strainsof the poet. They who do read on. however, will I be rewarded, we think, by many very pleasing and beautiful pas- sages; and even those whose natures are too ungentle to admire this kind of poetry must love the character from which it pro- ceeds, and which it has so strong a tendency to form."— Loan Jeffrey : Edin. Pev.. xvi. 213-223. "It does not exhibit any particular system of husbandry; it amuses rather than instructs, and recommends the study of the science rather than teaching of it. The work embraces a mixed description, and is lavish on rural modes and manners; the poetry is both lame and tame, and never rises beyond a feebleness of con- ception, and a descriptive halt. T'he portion of practical knowledge is very minute, with incidental notices of new introductions."- Donotdson's Agricult. liiofj. "If the poet has failed in his present attempt, the fault lies chiefly in the subject. There .are the same marks of a pious mind, of amiable feelings, and of accurate observation of natural objects, as in his former works; but unhappily he has bound himself not merely to describe the opeiations of agriculture throughout the year, from January to December, but to give directions for them ; for drying manure and lime, preparing compost, spreading manure, ploughing, paring, and burning, ic. What can be done with such subjects?'" — Lon. Qmir. Per., iii. 456-461. 7. Poems on the Abolition of the Slave Trade, with en- gravings from pictures by Smirke, 1810, 4to. Few poets have been more highly commended by emi- nent .authorities than the author of the Sabbath: "The genius of Grahame ... is characterized by that cheerful- ness which seeks and sees beauty in all the aspects of creation, and finds deliiht in whatever is high. 'holy. pure, and of good report.' This must be felt by every one capable of dissociating fanaticism from true religion and of believing that Chiistianity and gloom, instead of being synonymous terms, are utterly irre- concilable and separated."— D. M. MoiR : «')• supra. "There is a quiet natural ease about all his descriptions; a light and shade both of landscape and character in all his pictures, and a tiuth and beauty which prove that he copied from his own emo- tions, and painted" with the aid of his own eyes, without looking, as Dryden said, through the spectacles of books.'' — Allan Cun- NlNrjHAM: ubi supra. " liis taste was singular, and his m.anner correspondent. The general tenour of his style is homely, and frequently so prosaic that its peculiar giaces appear in their full lustre fiom the con- trast of meanness that suriounds them. Ilis readers may be few : but whoever does read him will probably be oftener surprised into admiration than in the perusal of any one of his conteniporarie.s. The most lively, the most lovely sketches of natural sceneiy, of minute imagery, and of exquisite incident, unexpectedly dereloped, occur in his compositions, with ever-varying yet ever-assimilating features." — James Montgomery ; Lects. on Genl. Lit., Poet., (£c. "Such glory, Grahame! thine: Thou didst despise To win the ear of this degenerate age Bv gorgeous epithets, all idly heap'd On theme of earthly state, or. idler still. By tinkling measures and unchasten'd lays, Warbled to pleasure and her siien-traiu, Profaning the best name of poesy. W'ith li'ftier aspirations, and an aim More worthy man's immortal nature. Thou That holiest spirit that still loves to dwell In the upright heart and pure, at noon o.' night Didst fervently invoke, and. led by her Above the ,\oni:in mount, send from the ft.irs Of heaven such soul-subduing melody As Bethlehem shepherds heard when Christ was bom.'* John AVilson. Grahame, James. A Defence of the Usury Laws against the Arguments of Mr. Bentham and the Edinburgh Reviewers, Edin., 1817, Svo. Grahame, James, pub. An Inquiry into the Prin- ciples of Population, Edin., 1816, Svo ; AVhn is to Blame? or. Cursory Review of the American Apology for Ame- rican Accession to Negro Slavery, Lon., 1842, Svo ; and some Poems on the Abolition nf Shavery ; but is best known by The History of the Rise and Progress of the GRA United States of North America till the British Revo- lution in 1688, Lou., 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. New ed, with a Contiuuatiuu, bringing the history down to the year 1776, 1836, 4 vols. 8vo. Rcpub. in Phila., 1845, 4 vols. 8vo; 1846, 2 vols. 8vo; 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. The 2d Amer. ed. contains a Memoir by President Quincy, to which we refer the reader. See also The Memory of the late James Grahame, the Historian of the United States, Vin- dicated from the Charges of Mr. Bancroft, by Josiah Quiney, Bost., 1846. 8vo. "Tbuif iHu lie ii" dmilit that hid researches after materials for his purpose liave been extensive, and that hia use of authorities iiaa been laborious and careful. And his style, though sus- ceptible of impiovement, is in general clear, simple, and there- fore agieeiiMe. Its cliief deficiency is in force: but it retjuires only a. little more cultivation and revision to en.sure for it the praise of perfect correctness and even elegance. The few marks of bad taste .ind defective judgment which Mr. Grahame has betrayed call rather for friendly admonition than severe censure." — Lon. Month. Mrv.. cxii. 407-419, 1827. "A valuable acquisition to the History of the World. In these volumes Mr. Grahame has pbilosophically investigated the origin and progress of one of the most extraordinary revolutions that have ever occupied the atteutiou of mankind.' — Loii. Literary Gazette. " With an apparent desire to be above prejudice, with industry equal to a thorough investigation of facts, and with a spirit able to appreciate the value of his subject, Mr. Grahame has published what we conceive to be the best book that has any wliere appeared upon the early history of the United States. IIo has corrected, with a proper bnldutss. the mistikes, whether of ignorance or ma- lignity, which his pudecessors in the same labors bad committed." —4^. F. Adams: N. Amer. Ho'.s sxxii. 174-195, 1831. *'The most thorough work, and incomparably the best on the subject previous to the appearance of Mr. Bancroft's, is the well- known history by Mr. Grahame, a truly valuable book, in which the author, though a foreigner, has shown himself capable of appreciating the motives and comprehending the institutions of our Puritan ancestors. He has spared no pains in the investiga- tion of such oiiginal sources as were at his command; and has conducted his incjuiiies with much candor, niauift-sting through- out the spirit of a wholar and a gentleman.'"— Wm. II. Prescott: N. Amer. Rev., Hi. 83-84, 1841. See also Ferdinand and Isabella, 11th ed., vol. ii. 407, n. *'It is written with great gravity and dignity, moderation and justice." — Chaxcei-lor Kent. Yet this excellent work was suffered to lie on the book- sellers' shelves in London : the reasons for which are satis- factorily stated by Mr. Adams and Mr. Preseutt. We must not omit tu cull the attention of the reader to Mr. Grahame's amusing lamentations over the humour of the illustrious Chronicler of Knickerbocker: "If this writer had confined his ridicule to the wars, or rather bloodless buffetings and squal.-bles, of the Dutch and the Swedes, his readers would have derived more unrepioved enjoyment from his performance. Probably my discernment of the un suitableness of Mr. Irving's mirth is tjuickened by a sense of personal wrung, as I cannot help feeling that he has by anticipation ridiculed my topic and parodied my narrative. If Sancho Panza had been a real governor, misrepresented by the wit of Cervantes, his future historian would have found it no easy matter to bespeak a grave attention to the annals of his administration." Grahame, Simeon. 1. The Passionate Sparke of a Relenting Minde, Lon., 1601, 4to. This is a collection of poems. Lloyd, 527, £0 128. 2. The Anatomic of Ilumours, Edin., 1609. 4to. Gordonstoun, 105S. £4 \U. 6(/. Reed, 2170, £2 Is. Bindley, pt. 2. 1448, £7 17*. 6f/. This con- sists of prose intermixed with verse. It is thought that it suggested to Burton the first idea of his Anatomie of Melancholic. Graile, Edmund. Little Timothy's Lesson j or, The Hist, of the Bible in metre, Lon.. 1611, 8vo. Graile, John. 1. Doctrine of Condition.? in the Cove- nant of Grace against W. Eyre. With Preface by Count Jessop in vindic of Dr. Twisse, Lon., 1665, 4to. 2. Sacra Privata, 2 pts., 16[!D, 8vo. Graile, John, of Blickling. Serms., 1685, 1720. Grainger, Edward. Med. and Surg. Remarks, &c., Lon., ISIo, 8vo. Grainger, James, M.D., 172.3 ?-1767, a native of Dunse, served fur some time as a surgeon in the army in Scotland and Germany; afterwards practised as a phy- sician, first in London, and subsequently at St. Christo- pher's, iu the West Indies. He died in the latter place in 1767. 1. Historia Febris Anomalai Batava?, annorum 1746-47-48. Ac, Edin., 1753, 8vo. 2. Poet. Trans, of the Elegies of Tiljullus and of the Poems of Sulpicia, Lon., 1758, 2 vols. 12mo. Severely criticized by Smcdlett in the Critical Review. This criticism elicited — 3. A Letter to Smollett, 1759, 8vo. 4. The Sugar-Cane; a Poem in 10 Books, with Notes, 1764, 4to. This subject was not the best that could have been selected for poetical treatment, and the language is not always of the most elevated description : " la the West Indies this poem might have charms, if readers GRA could be found : but what poetical fancy can dwell on the economy of canes and copper-boilers, or find interest in the transactions of plantei'S and sugar-brokers? His invocations to his muse are so frequent and abrupt, that ' the assembled wits at Sir Joshua Rey- nolds's mi^ht have found many passages as ludicrous as that which excited their mirth.'" The "ludicrous passage" referred to is quoted in the following anecdote, which we find in Boswell's Life of Johnson : '•Having talked of Grainger's Sugar-Cane, I mentioned to him Mr. Langlon's having told me that this poem, when read in manu- script at Sir Joshua Reynolds's, had made all the assembled wits burst into a laugh when, after much blank verse pomp, the poet began a new paragraph thus: 'Now, Muse, let's sing of rats.* And what increased the ridicule was, that one of the company, who slyly overlooked the reader, perceived that the word had been originally 7hic«, and had been altered to rats, as more dignified.'* But this story requires an explanation, for which the reader is referred to Boswell. Miss Reynolds gives rather a different version, and tells us that when Johnson heard the poem read, and the author came to the line "Say, shall I sing of rats!"' *'No!" cried Dr. Johnson, with great vehemency. Boswell remarks: "Dr. Johnson said to me, 'Percy, Sir, was angry with me for laughing at the Sugar-Cane: for he had a mind to make a great thing of Grainger's rats.'" The objectionable line was altered. Dr. Johnson cer- tainly liked the poem, on the whole, and sent a favourable review of it to the London Chronicle of July 5, 1764. We quote some other opinions: ''The novelty of West Indian scenery inspired him with the unpromising subject of the Sugar-cane, in which he very poetically dignifies the poor negroes with the name of ' swains.^ " — CampbdVs Essay on English Pontry. " If Grainger has invoked the muse to sing of rats, and meta- morphosed in Arcadian phrase negro slaves into swains, the Ciult is in the writer, not iu the lyric. The arguments which he has prefixed are indeed ludicrously flat and formal." — Robert Southey : L(m. Quar. Hev., x'l. 489, q. v. And see also Johnson and Chalmers's Poets, 1810 ; Chal- mers's Biog. Diet. The Great Cham of Literature was also greatly delighted with Grainger's Ode on Solitude, which appeared in Dods- ley's Collection: ''When repeating to me one day Grainger's Ode on Solitude, I shall never forget the concordance of the sound of his voice with the grandeur of these images; nor, indeed, the Gothic dignity of his aspect, his look and manner, when repeating sublime passages." — Miss Reynolds. '■ Ue praised Grainger's Ode on Solitude in Dodsley's Collection, and repeated, with great energy, the exordiimjj . . . observing, ' This. Sir, is very noble.' " — Roswell. *■ In it (the Ode) are assembled some of the sublimest images in nature." — Bisuop Percy. 5. West India Diseases, 1764, 8vo. 6. Dysentery; in Ess. Phys. and Lit, 1756. Dr. Grainger was also the author of many contributions to the i\Ionthly Review and the Grand Magazine, and of other productions, for an ac- count of which, and for an interesting biography of the author, we must refer the reader to Nichols's Illustrations of Literary History, vol. vii. In this vol. will also be found the correspondence of Grainger with his friend Bishop Percy, who commends him in no measured terms: " lie was not only a man of genius and learning, but had many excellent virtues, toeing one of the most generous, friendly, and benevolent men I ever knew." Grainger, T. B. See Kennedy, L. Grauau, Edward. Trans, into English verse of Vida's Christiad, Lon., 1772, 8vo. Grand, Wm. A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of the Univ. of Cambridge, 1793. Graudi, S. Method of preparing pannels for Painters; Nic. Juur., 1S07. Grange, Lady. Epistle to Edward D., Lon., 179S,4to. Grange, John. The Golden Aphroditis: whereunto bo annexed his garden, Lon., 1577, 4to. Again, sine anno, 4to. Part verse, part prose. " Of John Grange I have not met with any biographical intima- tion : but as a poetical writer he is placed by Webbe with AVhet- stone, MuuJay, Ac., and not without propriety." — Censura Lit^- raria, ed. 1815, i. 378-386, where see copious extracts; see also Webbe's Discourse of English Poetrie, 158G ; Kitson's Bibl. Poet., 223. ^24. Granger, Gideon, 1767-1822, a native of SuffieM. Connec, a member of the Senate of New York, and Postmaster-General of the U. States lSOl-14, pub. some essays, under the signature of Senectus, on the school- fund; and a number of papers in 1S09 (signed Algernon Sidney) and iu 1820 (signed Epaminondas) in favour of the administrations respectively of President Jefferson and of Governor Clinton of New York. Granger, James, d. 1776. aged about 60, was educated at Christ Churchy Oxford, and became Vicar 717 GRA GRA of Shiplake, in Oxfordshire. lie pub. two scrms., 1772, '7.'^, but is best known by his Biugruphical Hist, of Kngland. from E,i,'bert the Great to the Revolution, con- sisting of Characters dispersed in dit!"erent Chtsses, and adapted to a Methodical Catalogue of Engraved British Heads. Intended as an Essay towards reducing our Bio- graphy to system, and a help to the knowledge of Por- traits ; with a variety of Anecdotes and Memoirs of a great number of persons, not to be found in any other Biogra- phical Work. AVith a Preface, showing the utility of a collection of Engraved Portraits to supply the defect, and answer the various purposes ot" Medals, Lon., 1709, 2 vols. 4to. Supplet., consisting of Corrections, large Additions, Ac, 1774, 4to ; 2d ed., witli addits. and improvements, 1775, 4 vols. 8vo; .3d ed., 4 vob. 8vu ; 4th ed., 1S04, 4 vols. 8vo; 5th ed. with upwards of 400 luMit. Lives, 1S24, fi vols. 8vo. The impressions of Granger's Hist., pub. by Baynes, are in 6 vols. Svo, £3 .3«. ; with Phxtcs, £M Ss. j 6 vols. r. 8vo. £4 10s.; with Plates, £12 128.; .3 vols, fob, £18; with Plates, Indin, £;J1 10s. To Granger's History the collector must add — I. Rev. Mark Noble's continuation" of Granger's History : — from (he Revolutinu to the end of George I.'s Reign. The Materials being supplied by the Manuscripts left by Mr. Granger anrl the Collections of the Editor, 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. II. A Collection of Eng- lish Portraits, (310 in number,) engraved from rare Prints or Original Pictures, 8vo, pub. by Richardson. The late impressions are inferior. Bindley, Pt. 3, 1572, 72 Nos., £6 16s. 6(1 III. Copies of Rare Granger Portraits, in- cluding some to Noble's Supplement, 1820-22, Svo, pub. by T. & II. Rodd, in Nos. at 6.s. each. Large paper, 4to, 7«. fif/. each. Proofs in India paper, 12s. each. If ho have an illustrated copy, he will not need the two pre- ceding works. IV. Letters between the Rev. James Granger and many of the most eminent literary men of his Time, &c., 1805, Svo. As Granger's passion for portraits has been but little understood by some readers, it is but just to quote his own words in his vindication : " In every age aud nation distinguished for arts and learning, the inoliuationof transmiltiuii the memory and eveu the features of illustrious persons to posterity has uniformly prevailed. The greatest poets, orators, and historians were contemporaries with the most celebrated painters, statuaries, and engravers of gems and medals; and the desire to be acquainted with a man's aspect has ever risen in proportion to the known excellence of his cha- racter and the admiration of his writings." The publication of Granger's work excited an eager competition for portraits, and unfortunately many of his disciples carried their zeal to the highly-censurable ex- treme of mutilating valuable works for the sake of the portraits which they contained : "Previciusly to the pulilication of the first edition of this work in 1769, five shillings was considered a liberal price by collectors for any English portrait: and the late Lord Oxford, ^ir U illiam Musgrave, aud Uiohard Bull, Esq., have declared to several per- sons still living, that the most valuable prints in their Collections were purchased by them at, or under, that sum. But on the ap- pearance of Mr. Granger's work, the rage to illustrate it with portraits was so prevalent, that scarcely a copy of a book orna- mented with portraits could be found in an unmutilated state; and books of this description rose in price to five times their original value. Holland's ' Herologia,' Anderson's 'Genealogical History of the Houst- of Yvery.' Dugdalu's -Origines Juridicales,' Birch's *Lives of Illustrious Persons,' Collins's 'History of the Noble Houses of Vere aud Cavendish,' Rapiu's and Larrey's ' History of England,' Smith's ' History of Vjrgiuia,' Clarke's and Lupton's 'Lives of Eminent Divines,' Knight's 'Lives of Erasmus aud Dean CoU-t,' and all works of a similar description, have been freely plundered for the sake of their attractive embellishments." — P/v/. to bth ed. nf Grang,-fs Biog. Hist, of Extj. Rowo Mores, in his criticism upon Ames's Catalogue of English Heads, is loud in his complaint of these muti- lators — often depredators : *' If this ^Of(( for prints and thieving continues, let private owners and public libraries look well tu their books, for there will not remain a valuable bonk ungarbled by their connoisseuring villauy ; for neither honesty nor oaths restrain them." This is a tempting subject, but we must (ly from it. We have touched upon a branch of this illustrating mania in our article on Bagfoied, John. The literary merit of Granger's History ia of a high order: ■* danger's Biographical History is full of curious anecdotes, but might have been better done; thj dog is a 'Whig."— Da. Johnson. " I have, since I saw you, read every word of Granger's Biogr.i- pbical Histoiy. Tt has entertained me exceedingly, and I do not think him the Wltig that you supposed." — Bnswdt to Dr. Johnson, Aug. 30, 177fi. It is a curious fact that this remark, to "exceedingly," is generally quoted as Johnson's instead of Boswell's. Even Wright, one of Boswell's commentators, commits this serious error. '• I ha IV no hesitation in def-ignatlng it as a delightful and In- structive book ; but whoever republishes it should add the por- traits of the different characters whi^-h were unknown to the n.uthor. Considering that Granger may be said to have first walked the lield alone, it is surpii?ing what he has done. His catalogue of enj:i aved heads is immense. IHs style is always clear, pointed, and lively : and if he tilked and preached as he wrote in his bin- graphir-;il history, it would have bwn diflicult to have withdrawn attention from so intelligent a quarter.''— />('.-/(«'&■ Lib. Comp. See Noble's Continuation of Granger's Hist.; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and authorities there cited. Respecting Illustrated Copies of books, see Dib- din's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 500-511. In our article on Dibdin, Thomas Frognall, we have noticed a number of illustrated copies of several of his works. Among the most splendid examples of illustrated works are— 1. The Shakspeare, containing more than 2.300 prints, bound in 20 vols., sold at Hanrott's sale for £556 10s. 2. The Shakspeare in the possession of Earl Spencer, illustrated by Lady Lucan ; the labour of sixteen years. See Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1S42, p. 498. 3. The Bowyer Bible, in 45 folio vols., with more than 6000 prints, valued at 3000 guineas ; put up to raffle among 4000 sub- scribers at a guinea each, and sold by the winner at auction to Mr. Willis, of Covent Garden, for £405. It subsequently became the property of Mr. John Albinsou, of Bolton, and was sold at the sale of his library, March, 1856. to Mr. Robert Heywood, of Bolton, for £550. 4. The copy of Clarendon's Rebellion, illustrated by Alexander Hendras Sutherland, at an expense of nearly £10,000. To add to the wealth of this copy, Mrs. Sutherland paid eighty guineas for one plate, containing the portraits of James I. and his Queen, Anne of Denmark, by Renold Elstrake. 5. The copy of Lcfevre's edit, of Voltaire's works, 1829-34, 90 vols. 8vo ; sold in Paris, in 1856, for £223; estimated worth. £S00. Tlie illustniti;t ffdinup, and certainly the least poetical, volume which shr has iii'-iiii<-id, is that which contains her verses. The longest jiii-ii'.— whi^h shr- hiis entitled The Highlanders, — is heavy aud uniutercstin" ; auA there is a want of compression and finish — a sort of Infisr i.-niiiiliii-. and indigested air — in most of the others. Vet the ulnl. r.ii. ri mn is enlivened with the spjirklings of a prolific fancy, aud tiLsplays great command of language and facility of versification. When we write our article upon unsuccessful poetry, we shall endeavour to explain how these iiualities may fail of success: — hut in the mean time, we think thu're is an elegy upon an humble irieud. and au address from a fountain, and two or three little pieces, which very fully deserve it; — and are written with gi-eat beauty, tenderness, aud delicacy." — Lord Jeffrey: Edin. Itev., xviii. 481-48*2. "Mrs. Grant in her Highlanders and other Poems respectably assisted in sustaining the honours of the Scottish muse." — D. M. Moir: SIcetchcs nf the Poet. Lit. nf the Past Ilalf-O'ntury. 2. Letters from the Mountains; being her Corresp. with her Friends, 1773-1S03, Lon., 1806; 6th ed., edited, with Notes and Additions, by her son, J. P. Grant, 1S45, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1845, 2 vols. 24mo; 7th ed., 1863, 3 vols. p. Svo. " No person, 1 believe, was so astonished at their success as my- self.'" — JIrs. Grant. *' Her Letters from the Mountains, nof withstanding the repulsive affectation of the title, are among the most inteivsting collections of real letters that have lately been given to the public; and, being indebted for no part of their interest to the celebrity of the names tbey contain or the importance of the events thfy narrate, afford, in their success, a more honourable testimony of the t;ilents of the author. The great charm of the correspondence, indeed, is its per- fect independence on artificial helps, and theair of fearlessness and originality whith it. has consequently assumed.'' — Lord Jeffrey : Edin. Bev., xviii. 4SiJ. "The eng.iging volatility of youth apparent in the early part of the correspondence, and the good sense of more ripened years, are hero equally pleasing. The sentiments of the author when occu- pying the various relative situations of a daughter, wife, mother, and protegee, are truly praiseworthy; while the display of a warm and lively imagination, correct and animated language, and strokes of real genius, with which the letters abound, present still further title to our approbation.*' — Lon. Monthly Itrvitiv. It is not surprising that Mrs. Grant is sometimes inac- curate in her statements, and we observe in a work just published the following criticism upon hor account of the Massacre of Glencoe : "I quote Mrs. Grant's authority only for what she herself beard and saw. Her account of the massacre was writbm apparently without the assistance of books, and is grossly iucorrect. Indeed she makes a mistake of two years as to the date.'" — T. B. Macau- lay's Hist, of Kvg., vol. iv.. 1856. 3. Memoirs of an American Lady; with Sketches of Manner.'! and Scenery in America, as they existed previous to the Revolution, 1808, 2 voL*. 12mo ; 2d ed., 1809; N. York, 1809. The "American Lady" is Mr.s. Schuyler, (see ante;) but we have also the autobiography of the au- thor's Ameriean life, and much other interesting matter. '' The Memoirs of an American Lady contains a very animated picture of that sort of simple, tranquil, patriarchal life, which was common enough within these hundred years in the central parts of England; but of which we are rather inclined to thiuk there is no specimen left in the world; — and which is rendered more inte- resting in the present striking memorial, by the contrast of its sober and regulated tennrwith the wildnessofa srttl'-nieut in the de-sert, and its combination with some peculiariticfl in the structure of society derived from the adopted usages of Switzerland and Ger- many." — Lord Jeffrey; Edin. Ret\, xviii. 482. " The character of the Lady, her way of keeping house on a large scale, the state of the domestic slaves, the customs of the young men of Albany, their practice of robbing one another in joke, ic, are novel and curious." "Exceedingly instructive concerning the manners and customs which prevailed in New York Colony at the close of the Eighteenth Century."— Wm. H. Seward, (lati Governor of JVew lark:} Preface to Nat. Hist, of Ni^w I'orh: "A faithful narrative of the manner and modes of life of the anti-revolutionary residents of Albany chiefly." — PRES. Cn.^RLfcS E£lNO. GRA " On the basis of her very youthful recollcctionfi, affected, with- out doubt, bv the imaginations and prejudices of after-years, she constructed this work at the age of fifty-two. It is not without interest, as m.iy appear by the references which we have made to it; but no one will suppose that it can make much pretension to accuracy." — Andrews Norton: iV. ^tmcr. -ffcr., Ix. 146; where see an account of Miss Lowell's remonstrances with Mrs. Grant respect- ing the injustice charged upon the Memoirs of the latter. 4. Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlanders of Scotland. To which are added Translations from the Gaelic, and Letters connected with those formerly pub- lished, 1811, 2 vols. 12rao. "She has very great powers nf description, both of character and scenery — much force of conception, acuteness, and re.tch of mind in reasoning— great occasional brightness, and perpetual activity of fancy,— aud a fine enthusiasm for virtue, simplicity,— and tliu Highlands. . . . Though it be dittlcult, hnwever, to keep pace with her enthusiasm in behalf of this siii-rnlar race, we agree perfectly in her censure of the incurious indilierence with which they have been hitherto regarded by the very siiuie philosophers who think themselves well employed in collecting uncertain notices of far less interesting and less accessible nations. . . . The Letters annexed to these Essays are. like all Mrs.Gr.ant's letters, lively, impressive, and original; though sometimes in bad taste, and generally ver- bose. For the benefit of those who have not seen her former col- lection, we annex a few specimens. . . . This, to be sure, is not ex- actly the style of Madame du DelTand;— and yet there are very many people Avho will like it quite as well. And even those who would be most scandalized at the comparison must confess, that it indicates a far loftier, a far purer, and a far happier character, than that of the witty lady with whose it may be contrasted."— Lord Jeffrey: Eiln. Rev., xviii. 4S2-4S3, 507, 510. 5. Eighteen Hundred and Thirteen ; a Poem, 1814, 8vo. 6. Memoir and Correspondence of Mrs. Grant of Laggan, 1844, 3 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo; 3d ed.. 18.'J3, 2 vols. p. Svo. These vols, consist of a sketch of Mrs. Grant's life, drawn up by herself, (in 1825, .tc.,) to tho year 180(>, and continued by her son, and of her letters between 1803 — when she left Laggan for Wooden d — and within a few months of her death in 1838. Tho following commendations of these vols. — from authorities of widely different character — are all for which we can find room : "Most of Mrs. Grant's letters are rich in moral sentiment, and all are pre-eminent in refined social feeling. Her style of writing is so pure, and her modes of thinking and expressing her.self upon every subject so true to nature, that no one of correct taste can rise from the perusal of her letters without a consciousness of real delight." — Lon. Eoangdical Magrizine. "Abounds in anecdotes of many celebrated persons, well told, novel, and full of interest. Mrs. tirant discovers an astounding acuteness of intellect, a sagacity of discrimination, and. what is better still, a fervour of religious feeling, rarely met with in any collection of letters in the whole range of English literature." — Oiurt Journal. This estimable lady was as great a favourite in tho social circle as she was with those who only knew her through her enchanting volumes. Dr. Monro gives a graphic account of the pleasure which he experienced in her company at an evening party in Edinburgh : "Mrs. Grant is really a woman of great talents and acquire- ments, and might, without offence to any one, talk upou any subject she pleases. But I assure you any person who hopes to meet with nbltie stocldng, in the ordinary sense of this term, in thislady, will feel sadly disappointed. . . . The snund and rational enjoyment I derived from my conversation with this excellent person would indeed atone for much more than all the blue stock- ing sisterhood have ever been able to inflict \ipon my patience." Mr. Do Quincey accidentally encountered Mrs. Grant and her beautiful daughter in a stage-coach, in 1808. The charms of the daughter of course were not lost upon the enthusiastic temperament of tho Opium-Eater; but tho conversation of the mother seems to have impressed him more deeply. In a review of his life, written many years later, he tells us, with much feeling: "Her kindness to me was particularly flattering; and to this day I retain the impression of the benignity which she — an esta- blished wit. and just then receiving incense from all quarters — showed in lier manners to me — a person utterly unknown." — Lilc- vary Rniiiniscr.ncis. Undoubtedly the writings of Mrs. Grant did much to awaken that taste for Scotland and its scenery, its tradi- tions and its superstitions, which was at once stimulated and gratified by the poems, the novels, and the histories, of the author of Waverley. Thau his there can bo no higher commendation; and we are glad to be able to add it to the many tributes which have been offered to tho emi- nent merits of Anne Grant of Laggan: " Her writings, deservedly popular in her own country, derive their success from the happy manner in which, addressing them- selves to the national pride of the Scottish people, they breathe a spirit at once of patriotism and of that candour which renders patriotism unselfish and liberal. We h.ive no hesitation in assert- ing our belief that Mrs. Gi'ant's writings have produced a strong and salutary effect upon her countrymen, who not only found re- corded in (hem much of national history and antiquities which would otherwise have been forgotten, but found them combined with the soundest and the best lessons of virtue and morality." Such is a brief extract from the application to King 719 GRA George TV. for a pension to Mrs. Grant, written by Sir AViiUer Scott, and figned by himself. Lord Jeffrey, Henry Mackenzie, and other gentlemen. We have seen that it was successful. In addition to the Memoirs above referred to, the reader will find much of interest relating to this excellent and accomplished woman in Mrs. Elwood's Lite- rary Ladies of England, and in a biogr.nphical article in N. Amer. Rev., Ix. 1 26-156, by Andrews Norton. See also Lon. Gent. Mag. ; Eraser's Mag.; the Eclectic Review; and Loekhart's Life of Seott. ^ Grant, Anthony, D.C.L., Archdeacon of St. Albans. The Past and Prospective Extension of the Gospel by Missions to the Heathen, considered in Eight Lects., at the Hampton Lecture, Lon., 1844, 8vo. Grant, Asahf^I, M.D., late Missionary to the Amer. Board of For. Missions. The Nestorians; or. The Lost Tribes : containing evidence of their identity, illustrations of Scripture, Prophecy, &c.. Lon., 1841, 8vo ; Sd ed., 1844. ■'Carinas intmavMan:'—/licl.-ersMirs C. S. "An important accession to our stores of ceographical know- ledue- and we hope it will receive, what it richly deserves, an ex- tensive ciionl.ition and an attentive perusal."— CVi.o/ Eng. IJuar. " Much curious and interesting information."— ioji. Athenaum. Also highly commended by the Church and State Ga- zette, The British Quarterly, and other leading reviews. The reader must also procure Rev. A. C. Lathrop's Me- moir of Dr. Grant, pub. iu N. York, and Rev. Thos. Lau- rie's (surviving associate of the Mission) account of Dr. Grant and the Mountain Nestorians, Bost., 1853. 12mo; 3d od., revised, 1856, 12mo. The map in this work of the Nestorian country we presume to be the most correct in existence. Grant, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1795, 4to. Grant, Charles, Viscount de Vaux. 1. Memoires de la Maison de Grant, Lon., 1796, Svo. 2. The Hist, of Mau- ritius, or the Isle of France, 1801, 4to. "This work is drawn principally from the memoirs of Baron Grant, by his son. The Baron resided nearly twenty ye.irs in the island : hence, and from his acqu.iintance with most of the sci- entific and nautical men who visited the island, he has been enabled to collect much information connected with its physical state, its harbours, climate, soil, productions, and the manners of its inhabitants."' — Stevenson's Voyages and Travels, Other publications. Grant, Charles. A Poem on the Restoration of Learning in the East, Camb., 1805, 4to. This obtained Mr. Buchanan's prize. Grant, Charles, 1746-1823, an East Indian proprie- tor and director, noted for his zeal in the furtherance of Christianity and education in India. Observations on the State of Society among the Asiatic subjects of Great Bri- tain. Printed by the House of Commons in 1S13. Grant, D. Serms., Ac, Lon., 1771-86. Grant, David, M.D. Med. Ac. works, 1801, '05, '07, all 8vo. Grant, David. Beauties of Modern English Poetry; 3d ed., Lon.. 1848, 12mo ; 5th cd., enlargeil. " A book of uiuih utility." — ^faore's Life of Btjron. Grant, Duncan, minister of Forbes. The Duty of the Young to Love and Seek Christ, Edin., 32mo. Highly commended GRA 2. Practice in Chancery; 6th ed., 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. "A very useful manual to the Equity practitioner."— tVarren's Lam Stu.. 928. i.-Ques. and Answers on above, 1839, 12mo. Grant, J., M.D. Yellow Fever, Lon., 1805, Svo. Grant, James. Serms., 1775, '77, both Svo. Grant, James, of Corrimony. 1. Essays on the Ori- gin of Society, Language, Ac, Lon., 1785, 4to. 2. Thoughts on the Origin and Descent of the Gael, 1813, Svo. Edin., 1814. Svo. Grant, James. An Enquiry into the Nature of Ze- mindary Tenures in the Landed Property of Bengal, Ac, Lon., 1790, '91, 4to. " Again.st the proprietary rights of the Zemindars."— JfcM!«cA's Lit. nf I'alit. Earn. Grant, James, R. N. Voyage in the Lady Nelson, Lon., 1803, 4to. Prefixed is an Account of the Origin of Sliding Keels and their advantages. Grant, James, editor of the London Morning Adver- tiser, b. in Scotland about 180B, has pub. a num.ber of in- structive and popular works, of which the following are among the bost known:— 1. R.andom RecoUec. of the House of Lords, 1830-36, Lon., 1836, p. Svo. 2. Of the House of Commons, 1836, p. Svo. 3. The British Senate in 1838; a 2d Series of Nos. 1 and 2, 1838, 2 vols. p. Svo. " The extraordin.iry success of the Random Recollections of the Lords and Commous h:rs naturally enough led to this publication, which is executed with equal ability." — Lem. Athenaeum. 4. The Great Metropolis, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo._ " There is a coarseness and vulgarity in its style which is repul- sive. No strength; no divinity; no grace: no refinement. In a word, the book has very bad manners."— U. W. LoNorELLOW: N. A. JteiK. xliv. 461-4S4, q. v. 6. The Great Metropolis ; 2d Series, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo. " The author displays so much shrewdness, natural humour, and such a vein of good-n.itured caricature, that we hope soon to meet with him again." — Edin. Jiev. 6. The Bench and the Bar, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo. " In these volumes, as in a mirror, the reader may obtain a glance at the leading leg:d luminaries of the day." — Lnn. Sun. 7. Travels in Town, 1S39, 2 vols. p. Svo. S. Sketches in Loudon, 1838, Svo. "Many people wonder .at the love of London.— Why so? It is certainly the best summer residence — none other is so cool. The best abode in winter — for none other is so warm. The rich prefer it for cimtaining every luxury ; and the pool-— where can money be made to go so far?"— Sir F. B. Head. 9. The Metropolitan Pulpit ; or, Sketches of the most Popular Preachers in London, 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo. The following are the principal preachers noticed in these agreeable volumes : — The late Rev. Dr. Waugh, the late Rev. Matthew Wilks, the late Rev. Wm. Howels, the late Rev. Rowland Hill, the late Rev. Edward Irving, the Rev. Thomas Snow, the Rev. John T. Robinson, the Rev. Dr. Croly, the Rev. J. F. Denham, the Rev. Hobart M. Sey- mour, the Rev. Watts Wilkinson, the Rev. Sanderson Ro- bins, the Rev. Dr. Dillon, the Rev. H. Beamish, the Rev. Henry Melville, the Rev. J. T. Judkin, the Hon. and Rev. Baptist Noel, the Rev. Thomas Mortimer, the Rev. J. Hambleton, the Rev. Dr. Brown, the Rev. Jno. Cumming, the Rev. Dr. Crombie. the Rev. R. Redpath, the Rev. Thomas Archer, the Kev. John Young, the Rev. Alexander Fletcher, the Rev. Dr. Morrison, the Rev. Dr. Leifchild, :;■, .' r, . K-j , 1 n Ti ^ ie.i\i „,„;„„„t the Rev. Dr. Collyer, the Rev. John Burnet, the Rev. Caleb *T'^»!'tA.°L«'.l";i»?,.*=„'!r;''.!*\^,^.;^;-±J,' «;Z,'rd I Morris, the Rev.'ja'nies Sherman the Rev. Dr. Bennett, the Rev. Jno. Clayton, the Rev. Thomas Binney. the Rev. for his learning, was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, or at Broadgates Hall, Oxf. ; Master of Westminster School, 1572-91 : Preb. of Ely, 1689. 1. Grffica Linguai Spicilegium, Lon., 1675, 4to. Epitomized by his usher and successor, William Camden, under the title of Institutio Graeca Grammaticcs Conipendiara, in usum Re- gis) Sehola) Westmonasteriensis, 1597, Svo. See Camden, William. , „ „. „ -i "Reprinted about one hundred times since.' See Biog. Brit., 2254. "2.-Lettersand Poems of Roger Ascham, with Ora.io,Ac '^^ -->!;:? "^'^ ^S^whU:-! —a piece of his own,— lo/ 7, Svo. 3. Lexicon Giajco-Lat - ^^^.^ ^^^j,,^ ^^ ,jj, ^^^^,.^f^ and just; or, if num, Jo. Crispin! Opera, Ac, opera et studio, E. G., (Ld- - . ward Graham,) 1581, fol. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. "Tbe most noted Latiuist and Clrecian of his time. . . . Esteemed a most noted Latin poet, as seveial of his copies of verses, printed ill various hooks, shew, and was well skill'd in all kind of humane literature."— jli/i"i. Oxon., q. V. See also Biog. Brit.; Tanner; Bentham's Elv. Grant, Francis, Lord CuUen, b. about 1660, d. 1726, an emineut Scotch lawyer and .judge under Queen Anne. 1. The Loyalist's Reasons, Ac, Edin., 1689, Svo. 2. Law, Religion, and Education considered, in three Essays, 1715, Svo. 3. A Key to the Plot, by Reflections on the Rebellion of 1715, 1716, Svo. Grant, Harding. l.Advice to Trustees,Lon.,lS30,8vo. "A usilul litlle work, mainly designed for unprofessional readers." See 2 Leg. Obs., lUS. 720 Jno. Blackburn, the Rev. Dr. Andrew Reed, the Rev. Dr. Fletcher, the Rev. Jno. Stevens, the Rev. C. Coomb, the Rev. Wm. Overburv, the Rev. J. Harrington Evans, the Rev. Edw. Steane, the Rev. C. Stovel, the Rev. J. Howard Hinton, the Rev. Dr. F. A. Cox, the Rev. Dr. Jahez Bunt- ing, the Rev. Thomas Jackson, the Rev. Roht. Aitkin, the Rev. J. Abrahams, and the Rev. J. Dorman. We think that Mr. Grant has surpassed any of his former care, and iodustry, in the getting up manifested tbe most sin- there be a leaning, it is never but to the favourable side. Above all, the re.lder cannot fail to perceive and fall in with the earnest sentiments of the author and the strain of piety which pervades the entire work."- Lon. Month. Bev. Grant, James, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at- Law. Law of Corporations in General, Lon., 1850, r. Svo. " The best treatise on Corporation Law." — LI., of Lincoln's Inn. Custom's Fal- lacy ; a Dram. Sketch, 1805, Svo. Grant, Jeremiah. His Peregrinations, Lon., 1763, 12mo. Grant, John, Preb.of Roches. Serms., Loii.,1707, 4to. Grant, John. Institutes of Latin Grammar, Lon., 1808, Svo. '* These Institutes display considerable ability, great diligence, and philosophical insight into the structure of language." — Lon. Month. Rev. Mr. G. also pub. an Eng. Gram., Serms., Ac., 1811-15. Grant, John. Sierra Leone, 1810, Svo. Grant, John Peter. 1. Ct. of Session in Scot., Lon., 1807, 8vo. 2. Wealth and Currency, 1812, Svo. 3. Speech, 1817. 4. Law rel. to New Trials, 1817, Svo. Grant, Johnson, 1773-1S45, a native of Edinburgh ; Rector of Binbronk, 181S ; Minister of Kentish Town Chapel, 1822. He pub. several theolog. and poetical works, among which arc — 1. A Summary of the Ilist. of the Eng. Church, and the Sects which have departed from her communion, with answers to each dissenting body, Ac, Lon., 1811, '14, '20, '25. 4 vols. Svo. 2. Arabia; a Poem, with Notes, Leeds, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. XXXIV. Serms., 1835, Svo. " These sermons are well suited to the closet, and are good spe- cimens of composition." — Lon. Chris. Jicmnnb. 4. The Jobhuad ; a Poem, Lon., 1S37, Svo. Anon. ; not pub. 5. Sketches in Divinity, 1840, Svo. Grant, Klein, M.D. 1. Hooper's Medical Dictionary, 8th ed. revised, corrected, and improved by K. G., Lon., 1839, Svo; 184S, Svo. '• Compared with the early editions, it may, from the great in- crease of matter, be regarded as a new work. I)r. (.Irani has suc- ceeded in preserving the plan of the late Dr. Hooper, and at the same time in giving to his labours that extension of detail which the recent progress of medicioe liad rendered necessary. . . . This edition will be found more extensively useful than any of those which preceded it." — Lim. M,d. Oazette. 2. Memoirs of the late James Hope, M.D., by Mrs. Hope. With addit. matter by Dr. Hope and Dr. Burderj the whole edited by K. G. ; 3d ed., 1844, p. Svoj 4th ed,, p. Svo. " We warmly recommend this volume to the reading public." — Bnt. and For. Md. Jiev. Grant, Louisa Kerr, Niufa; a Tale, Lon., 1855, p. Svo. '■The great merit of the book consists in bringing one idea for- ward and tilling the reader irresistibly with it; and this is the unnatural union of two different characters and cnuutries, and the natural penalty that must ensue." — Eraser's Magazine. Grant, P. Con. to Med. Com., 1786. Grant, Patrick, lfi9S-1762, Lord Prestongrange, a Scotch Judge, wrote some pieces against the Rebellion of 1745. Grant, Patrick. Annotations on Lord Stair's In- stitutions of the Law of Scot., Edin., 1824, 4to. Grant, Kaymond James. Life of Thos. Dermody, with Grig. Poetry, Lon., ISOli, 2 vols. Svo. Grant, Robert. 1. Hist, of the E. India Comp. to 1''73. Lon., ISLS. Svo. 2. Trade, Ac. of India, 1813, Svo. Grant, Robert, Vicar of Bradford-Abbas, Ac. Six Lects. on the Parable of the Prodigal Son, Lon., 1830, 12mo. Grant, Robert, b. 1814. at Grantoun, Scotland. 1. History of Physical Astronomy, Lon., 1852, Svo. " Mr. Grant's l>ook takes its place among standard works from its first appearance, by common coDsent." — Lon. Philosophical Mag. *' Seldom have we been called on to review a book more complete than this. The amount of research displayed is evidence of the most unwearying industry. The work will stand as one of the great records of human progress; for most satisfactorily is every phase of man's advance in the knowledge of ' the stars in their curses' therein recorded." — Lon. Athenaum, 46 2. With Admiral W.H. Smyth, D.C.L., atrans. of Arago's Popular Astrnnnmy : vol. i., 1855. 3. With Admiral Smyth and llov. B. Powell, trans, of Arago's Eminent Men, 1857. Grant, Robert Edmund, M.D., b. at Edinburgh, 1793. Outlines of Comparative Anatomy, 1835, Svo. Not completed. Other profess, works. See Eng. Cyc, Biog., vol. iii.. lS5fi. Grant, Roger. Cure of a Man bora Blind, 1709. Svo. Grant, W'm. Essay on the Balance of Europe. From the French of Fenebm/Lon., 1720. Svo. Grant, \Vm., M.D. Med. works, 1771-82. Grantham, Henry. Trans, into English of S. Len- tuln's Ital. Gram., written in Latin, Lon., 1575, Svo ; 1587, ir.ino. Grantham, Thomas. Murriage Serm., Lon., 1641, '5fi, 4tn: 17.^1. 8v(.. Grantham, Sir Thomas. 1. The Prisoner against the Prelate, (16511.) Svo. 2. Christianismus Primitivus, Lon., 1678, fol. Other theolog. works, 1644-80. Grantham, Thomas. 1. Scrm., 1674, 4to. 2, Five Discourses nn Conjugal Duty, 1681, 4to ; 1709, Svo. Granville, Cardinal. Letters contayning sundry Devises touching the state of Flanders and Portugal, Lon., 1582, Svo. Granville, A. B., M.D., has gained considerable reputation by his medical works and accounts of tours on the continent. The following excellent production was received with enthusiastic commendations : St. Peters- burgh ,• a Journal of Travels to and from that Capital, 2d ed., Lon., 1829, 2 vols. Svo. * '•We do not hesitate to say that his Picture of Petersburgh contains the most copious and detailed description of the gi|j;antic edifices of this extraordinary city which has hitherto been laid before the public." — J.Wilson Croker: Lon. Ouar. i?cu., xxsix. 1-41. q. V. We have many favourable notices before us of our au- thor's Spas of England and Germany, treatise on Sudden Death, &c., but lack space for their insertion. Granville, Charles. Synopsis of the Troubles of England during the last 1800 Years, 1747, 12mo. Granville, Dennis. See Greenville. Granville, Greenville, or Grenville, George, Viscount Lansdowne, 1667-1735. a son of Bernard Gran- ville, was educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., where he dis- played such extraordinary merit that he was created M.A. at the age of thirteen. He subsequently wrote a number of poems, dramatic pieces, some essays, and minor histo- rical treatises. 1. The Gallants, C, 1696, 4to. 2. Heroic Love, T., 1698, 4to. 3. The Jew of Venice, C. 1701, 4to, 4. Peleusand Thetis, M., 1701. 4ti>. 5. The British Enchan- tress, D. P., 1706, 4to. 6. Once a Lover and always a Lover, C, 1736, 12mo. 7. Poems on Several Occasions, 1712, Svo. 8. A Letter from a Nobleman abroad to hia Friends in England, 1722. In Lord Somers's Collection. 9. Genuine Works, in verse and pro.se, 1732, 2 vols. 4to. 10. Letter to the Author of Reflections Historical and Political, occasioned by a Treatise in vindication of Gene- ral Monk and Sir Richard Greenville, 1732, 4to. " His works do not show him to have had much comprehension from nature or illumination from learning. He seems to have had no ambition above the imitation of Waller, of whom he has copied the faults, and very little more." — Dr. Saml. Johnson ; Lifa of Granville. '* lie imitated Waller; but, as that poet has been much excelled since, a faint copy of a faint master must strike still less." — Horacb Walpole: R. i£- N. Authors. Yet it seems that his lordship had poetry enough for a nobleman, for great authorities thus laud his muse; " Auspicioufl poet, wert thou not my friend, llow could I envy what I must commend; But since 'tis Nature's law in love and wit, That youth should reign, and withering age submit, With less regret these laurels I resign, Which, dying on my brows, revive on thine." Dryden to I/ord Lansdowne on his ^'excellent tragedy," Heroic Love, '* 'Tis yours, my lord, to bless our soft retreats, And call the Muses to their ancient seats; To paint anew the flow'ry sylvan scenes, To crown the forests with immortal greens; Make Windsor's hills in lofty numbers rise. And lift her turrets nearer to the skies; To sing those honours you deserve to wear, And add new lustre to her silver star." lope's Dedication of Windsor Forest to " CraiivUk the Polite?' _ Dr. Joseph Warton cites several of his lordship's trea- tises to prove that his prose style was far better than that of his early contemporaries. See Biog. Brit.; Johnson's and Chalmers's Poets. ISIO; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Parke's Wjilpole's R. & N. Authors. Granville, Sir Richard. See Grenville. Grascome, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1691-1707 721 GRA Grassineau, James. A Musical Dictionary, Lon., 1 ^^Grattan, Rt. Hon. Henry, M.P., 1750-1820, a pa- j tive of llublin, educated at Trinity College, in that city, I entered the Irish Parliament in 1776. and distinguished himself by his eloquent advocacy of the rights of his country. For his services in procuring the repeal of the act which declared the legislative authority of the Eritisli Parliament over Ireland, he was voted £50,000 (reduced at his own request from £100,000) by the Irish legislature. After the Union he represented iMalton, and subsequently the city of Dublin, in the Imperial Parliament. 1. .Speeches in the'lrish and in the Imperial Parliament, i-'l'tea "y his son, Henry Grattan, Lon., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. 2. Mis- cellaneous Works, 8vo. 3. Speeches ; with .a Commentary on his Career and Character, by D. 0. Madden Dubl., 1845, Svo. 4. Memoirs of his Life and Times, by his son, Lon.'. 1839-45, 6 vols. 8vo. , '•This truly valuable work will unquestionaWy form one of the most important .ind interestiuB additions to our I'l^S^P"'?:'! ^"'l historicHl literature that our own d,iy has produced. " """S <« a comolote historv of Ireland during the period nf trrattan s life— and the only efficient one which has yet been placed on lecoid. — Lon- Kavaland Military Gnziltj'. . . , , . *„ „ii ■•The •splendid success whii-h has imprinted his name to all anes upon the annals of his country, and Ihc extraordinary merit bv which that distinction was pained and his life still further illu-^trated in after-years, are by no means his highest praise, lo him may be applied, with perhaps but one exception, the affet- tionate and beautiful words of Cicero respecting bis son-in-law '•' Vereor, ne amore videar plura. quam fuerint in illo, dicere: • auod non ita est; alia enim de illo majnra di. i pnssunt: nam nee continentia. nee pietate. nee ullo genere virtut.s quendam ejus- deni .-etatis cum illo conferendum puto.'"— ii/m. J?ci'., Jxxvni. See'also articles on Grattan in Blackwood's Mag., xlvi. 392 529 ; Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 229 ; a review of his Mis- cellaneous Works in Lon. Month. Rev., xcix. 3o9; of his Speeches in Lon. Month. Kev., xcviii. 113: a biographical and critical notice, and some of his speeches, in C. A. Goodrich's Select British Eloquence. •• Mr tlrattan was the sole person in modern oratory of whom it could be said that he had attained the first class of eloquence in two parliaments, differing from each other in their tas t-s, habits, and pr.judices as much, probably, as any two as.semblles of different nations. The purity of his life was the brightness of his glnrv . . If I were to describe his character briefly. 1 should -■"■ *i,.^o„ni^T.t Hicfnrisn. that he was •Vita innocentissimus, — RlRjiMESMACK- siy,°wit"h the ancient historian, that he was • Vita innocentissimus. in'genio florentissimus, proposito sanctissimus, " lie was a man of singular candour and of great moderation ; and from his entrance into public life to the close of his illustrious career gave signal proofs of his moderation, of his extreme for- bearance, nay, of his gentleness."— Lord Brougham: l^iKerh m Ifousf «f Commons. June 26. 1823. See also his lordship s charac- ter of drattan, in his Lives of Statesmen of the Times of Oeorge ni. New ed.. Lon. and filasg., i. 335-342. 1S55. Grattan, Henry. See preceding article. Grattan, P. R. Cases decided in the Supreme Ct. of Appeals and the Gcnl. Ct. of Virginia, 1844-45, Rich- mond, 1845, Svo. . Grattan, Thomas CoUey, an Irish novelist, b. in Dublin, in 1796, whose works have obtained considerable celebrity, has spent much time on the continent of Europe, and was from 1839 to 1853 British Consul at Boston, where he wrote two of his most popular works. 1. Philihert; a Poetical Romance, Bordeaux, 1819, r. Svo; Lon., 8vo. This tale is founded on the Ilistory of the false Martin Guerre, reported in the Coii.«f« CVbret. 2. High-Ways and By-Ways ; or. Tales of the Road-Side, picked up in the French Provinces, by a Walking Gentleman, 1823, 2 vols. p. Svo ; 2d series, 1824, 3 vols. p. Svo ; 3d series, 1S27, 3 vols. p. Svo. New eds. have been pub. '• Havin" thus amply allowed the author and his book to speak for themselves, we have only to observe that the style is through- out sustained with equal vigour as in the .above specimens; and we may safely pronounce this work to be executed in a manner worthy of the patriotic motive which the author proposed to him- self in its composition— the eradication of national prejudices. — min Rev , xxxviii. 454-467 ; notice of 1st seines. See Allan Cun- ningham's Diog. and Crit. Hist, of Lit. of the last Fifty Years. 3. Traits of Travel, 1829, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. The Heiress of Bruges; a Tale of the year Sixteen Hundred, 1830, 4 vols. New eds, in 1S34, '4'9, in 3 vols. p. Svo; and also in 12mo. ^ , . ,. ••The general style is nianlv. animated, and characteristic, and calculated to attract the attention of the literary readers of the continent, where the author has been long residing, as well as those of his native land." — Court Jnurnai. See also Westminster Rev., xiv. 146. 6. Hist, of the Netherlands to the Belgian Revolution in 1S30, (Lardner's Cyc, vol. x., ) 1830, 12mo. 6. Hist, of Switzerland, 12mo." 7. Men and Cities; or, Tales of Travel, 3 vols. p. Svo. 722 GRA '•Mr Grattan has brought the imagination of the novelist to the materials of the traveller;-he has sat down by the hfarth— he knows the home— the habits— of the people he describes. — ^"-l'. ■jacquelfnr"of Holland, 1842, '49, 12mo. 9. Tha Master Passion, and other Tales, 1S45, 3 vols. p. Svo. 10 Ch.ance Medley of Light Matter, 1S45, 12mo. 11. Ag- nes de Mansfelt,"lS47, '49, 12mo. 12. Legends of the Rhine, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1S49. 12mo. Mr. Grattan was also the author of a pamphlet on the Northeastern Boundary Ques- tion (1842) between Great Britain and the United States. Grattan, William, R. A., late Lieut. Connaught Rangers, a cousin of the preceding, was present at nearly all of the battles on the Peninsula. Adventures of the Conn.aught Rangers. Lon., 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d series, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo. "In this second series of the adventures of this famous regi- ment, the author extends his narrative from the first form.itioa of the gallant 8Sth up to the occupation of Pans. All the battles, sices, and skirmishes in which the regiment took part are de- scribed. ... The work bears all the characteristics of a soldier s straightforward and entertaining narrative." Graunt, Edward. See Grant. Graunt, John, 1620-1674, a haberdasher of London, of intelli''ence and research, gained great distinction by his Niitural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality, chiefly with reference to the Government, Re- ligion, Trade, Growth, Air, Diseases, Ac. of the City of I London, Lon., 1662, 4to ; 6th ed., 1676, Svo. Again, 1759, 4to. Edited by T. Birch. '• Sir William Petty .... was the chief director and author of a piece published some time before by one John Graunt," ic— Bishop Aiculson's Eng. Hist. Lih. , , .. " He (Sir William Petty) is author of the ingenious deductions from the bills of mortality which go under the name of Mr. Graunt."— iVijdi's Memoirs. ,. i ,_ » , r »i, " This work is not only one of the earliest, but also one of the best, of its class. It is said by Evelyn in his Memoirs, (i. 4,6, 4to ed ,1 and by Dr. U.allev in his paper referred to below, that :Mr William Petty was the real author of the Observations. But, notwithstanding the deference due to their authority, it may be doubted whether there be any good ground for this statement. -- McCulloeh's Lit. of Polit. Econ.. where see this question discussed. Wood says tliat the Observations were done upon certain hints and advice of Sir Will. Petty. See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Dodd's Church Hist.; Pepys's Life and Diary. There is also ascribed to Graunt, Reflections on the Bills of Mortality relative to the Plague, 1665, Svo; and he left some pieces in MS. Graunt, John. Truth's Victory against Heresy, Lon., 4to. Grave, Christian. Morals and Politics, 1,94. Svo. Grave, or Graves, George Ann. Memoirs of Joan of Arc ; frion Du Ficsuov. Ac, Lon., 1S12. Svo. Grave, John de. Gate of Tongues, Lon., 1633, Svo. Griiveuor, Benjamin. See Grosven-or. Gravere, Julius de. A Treasury of Choice Medi- cines. Lon.. 1662. 4to. . Graves, Mrs. A. J. 1. Women in America: their Moral and Intellectual Condition, N. York, 1S42, ISmo. 2. Girlhood and Womanhood; or. Sketches of my School- mates, Boston, 1844, 12nio. Graves, George. 1 British Ornithology, Lon., Ibll- 13 2 vols. r. Svo; 96 col'd plates. 2d ed.. 1821, 3 vols. Svo; 144 col'd plates. 2. Naturalists', Ac. Pocket Guide; col'd plates, 1815, Svo. 3. Ovarium Britonnicum, ISlo, r. Svo. 4. Hortus Mcdicus, 4to. Graves, Rev. John. Hist, and Antiq. of Cleveland in the North Biding of Yorkshire, Carlisle, ISOS, 4to. Graves, John. Bahama Islands, Lou., 17S9, 4to. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. i. 356. Graves, R., and Ashton J. Whole Art of Tacliy- eraphy; or, Short-Hand Writing, York, 1775, 12mo. Graves, Richard, 1715-1804, a native of Gloucester- shire, Rector of Claverton, near Bath, and of Kilinersdon, was author of a number of popular works, now generally forgotten. Among the best-known are The Festoon, or Collection of Epigrams; Lucubrations in Prose and Verse, pub. under the name of Peter Pomfret; The Spiritual Quixote; Eugenius, or Anecdotes of the Golden Bull; Columelia, or the Distressed Anchoret; I'lexippus, or the Aspiring Plebeian ; political pieces, under the name of Euphrosyne; Sermons on various subjects; Recollections of Shenstone; translations from Antoninus, Herodian, Xenophon, Ac. His last publication was The Invalid, with the obvious means of enjoying Life by a Nonagena- rian. His most popular work, often reprintc.l, was ihe Spiritual Quixote: which was intended as a satire on the itinerant and illiterate preachers among the Methodists. The subject was hardly a suitable one for a divine; nor, indeed, for any one else. GRA GRA Graves, Richard, D.D., 1763-1829, a native of Kil- finane, Limerick, was educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, of which he became Fellow in 17S6; Dean of Ardagh. 1813; and Regius Prof, of Divinity ia the University. lie pub. a number of sermons and theological works, of which we particularly notice — 1. Essay on the Character of the Apostles and Evangelists; designed to prove that they were not Enthusiasts, Lon., 1799, 8vo. '• A book wbioh deserves to be coDSulted." — Orme's Bill. Bib. 2. Lects. on the 4 last Books of the Pentateuch. These Lects. were delivered at the Donellan Lecture, 1797-1801. They were originally pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 1807. Three Lectures were added to the second and subsenuent edits. Last ed., 1846, 8vo. Few works of the kind are more highly esteemed. -'This is a work of learning and merit. Dr.Graves examines very minutely the authenticity and truth of the Mosaic history, and the theoloi^ii'al ami moral principles of the Jewish law; and replies, at great lenj^th, to the most plausible objections. With Dr. Geddes. in particular, he maintains a very determined conflict, and exposes, very successfully, the infidel reasnniii-;s of that arro- gant writer. He also frequently combats Le Clerc and Warburton."' — OrmesBibl.Bih. '• Indispensably necessarv to the biblical student." — Hornets Bibl. Bib. " The work of Dr. Graves is truly invaluable, and we cannot but strongly advise every student in divinity to get it up (as it is called) in preparing for his ordination." — Briiish Cnlic. *'The late excellent Bishop Lloyd, in his latter years, made it one of the text-books of his private divinity lectures.'"— XofoHc^es's Brit. Lib. " Much important information; deficient in evangelical truth.'* ^BickersMh's fVirif^. .Sfu. An Epitome of this work will be found in Dr. J. B. Smith's Compendium of Rudiments in Theology, Lon., 1S36, 12mo. 3. XXV. Serms. on Prac. Subjects, 1830, 8vo. '•The parent may re.id them with profit to his children, the scholar may peruse them with delight in his study. They are spirit-stirring appeals, which the sinner will find it difficult to re- sist, and the saint impossible to condemn." — Lon. Chris. Etniem- branccr. 4. Select Scriptural Proofs of the Trinity, 1840, 8vo. 5. Whole Works, now first collected; with life by his son, Richard Hastings Graves, D.D., Rector of Brigown, Dio- cese of Cloyne, 1840, 4 vols. 8vo. "The duty has been undertaken by his son, and executed in a manner creditable to his hereditary talents and piety." — Dubl. Univ. Mag., xvii. 634-015, q. v.; and see Fraser's Mag., sxiv. 76. Graves, Capt. Richard, R.N. Case of the Author rel. to his non-promotion in 1801. 1812, Svo. Graves, Robert, M.D. Med. works, Lon., 1792-97. Graves, Robert J., M.D., Prof, of the Institutes of Med. in the School of I*hysic, Trin. Coll., Dublin. Clinical Lectures on the Practice of Medicine. Edited by Dr. Neligan, Dubl.. 1848, Svo : 2d ed.. 1848, 2 vols. Svo. Third Amer. ed., by W. W. Gerhard, M.D., Lect. on Clin. Med. in the Univ. of Penna., Phila., Svo. " Xo praetilioner of medicine should he without it, since there is scarcely a disease to which the human frame is liable which does not receive in it some illustration, direct or incidental; and as a guide to practice, especially when difficulties arise, it will be found a most useful work for reference." — Brit, and F'>r. Ahd. Jiev. "By his death the Irish school has lost one of its brightest orna- ments; one whose labours had made his name familial' in every European and American school." — Dubl. Times and Gazette. Graves, Samuel. Political treatises, 1814, B K Society of Providence, R. I., Sept. 7, 1842. 10. Remarks on Early Laws of Mass., with the " Body of Liberties" of 1641, not before printed, Mass. Hist. Collections, 3d series, vol. viii. 191, Dec. 22, 1842. The MS. from which this was printed was discovered by Mr. Gray. 11. Prison Discipline iu Ame- rica, Bost., 1847, 8vo. Articles in the North American Review : 1. Translation of Sadolet's Laoeoon, vol. ii., p. 199, Jan. 1816. 2. Address before the 4> B K, vol. iii., p. 289, Sept. 1816. 3. Imitation of Goethe, " Know'st thou the land," vol. iv., p. 201, Jan. 1817. 4. Giustiniani's account of an ancient cemetery in Naples, vol. v., p. 119, May, 1817. 5. Visit to the Elizabeth Islands, vol. v., p. 313, Sept. 1817. 6. Time and Pleasure, vol. v., p. 341, Sept. 1817. 7. Review of Macchiavelli, vol. v., p. 344, Sept. 1817. 8. Cuvier's Theory of the Earth and Dana's Mine- ralogy : Systems of Geology, vol. viii., p. 396. 9. Nov- anglusand Massachusettensis: Beginning of American Re- volution, vol. ix., p. 376, Sept. 1819. 10. Addresses of Phila. Society : Foreign Commerce and Domestic Industry, vol. X., p. 316, April, 1820. 11. Constitution of Massachusetts, vol. xi., p. 359, Oct. 1820. 12. Raymond's Political Economy, vol. xii., p. 443, April, 1821. 13. Botta's Ame- rican Revolution, vol. xiii., p. 169, July, 1821. 14. Europe, by a Citizen of the U. S., vol. xv., p. 177, July, 1822. 15. Jay's Treaty — Free ships, free goods — Rule of 1756, vol. xvii., p. 142, July, 1823. 16. America, by the author of Europe, vol. xxv., p. 1(39, July, 1827. Translations in Longfellow's Poetry of Europe : — From Dante — Beatrice, p. 524: "flowers," 6th line from end, a misprint; — should be " spirits." From Boccaccio — Sonnet on Dante, p. 534. From M.anzuni — H Cinque Maggio, p. bl4, On the Death uf Napoleon. GRA Mr. Gray's defence of the Congregate System elicited auxiliary articles in the North American Review for January, 1848, and the Christian Examiner for the fol- lowing month. Mr. Gray's volume, and the subject gene- rally, were ably reviewed in a work entitled An Inquiry into the alleged tendency of separation of Convicts one from the other to produce Disease and Derangement. By a Citizen of Pennsylvania, Phila., 1849, 8vo. The author of this work is Mr. Frederick A. Packard, formerly a member of the Massachusetts Legislature, for many yeara past a resident of Philadelphia. A notice of a work upon the subject of prison-discipline — in which many good men now take a warm interest — will be found in our article on Buxton. Sin Tbohas Fowell. Gray, George Robert, Senior Assist, in the Zoolo- gical Department, Brit. Museum. 1. A List of the Genera of Birds ; 2d ed., Lon., 1841. 2. The Genera of Birds, com- prising their Generic Characters. Illustrated with Figures by D. W. Mitchell, Lon., 1837-49, 3 vols. imp. 4to, £31 10«. This work contains 371 plates, (186 plain and 185 col'd.) The only similar work which has ever been pub. is Vieil- lot's Galerie des Oiseaux, in 1825, which is now so far behind the iiuproved state of the science that it is valuable only as a collection of figures. Gray's and Mitchell's splendid work has elicited enthusiastic commendation : "Among the great works, G. R.Gray's Genera of Bii-ds takes undeniably the first place."— SuNDEVAi,: RtpoH to Vie Academy of SiocI:/ioIm. " This is a work which no library ought to be without : no zoo- logist vvlio wishes to keep up his knowledge of the present state of lirnithology cau dispense with its possession." — Wiegm. Archiv fiir Kuturg, 1844. " We have a work before us which ranks among the most dis- tinguished in Ornithology ; which, in scientific importance and piactical usefulness, leaves all similar works far behind."— HiET- LAlB: Isis, 1846, p. 903. " The working naturalist will hail with gratitude the work, which supplies him with a ready index to the whole subject of Ornithology. . . . This beautiful and elaborate work will tend greatly to advance our knowledge of Ornithology : uo public and private museum cau be scientifically arranged without its aid." — Jardinc^s Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Mr. Gray was a contributor to the English ed. of Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, and is the author of several entomological publications, etc. Gray, Mrs. Hamilton, is the author of several popu- lar works, of which the best-known are — 1. A Tour to the SepulchresofEtruriainlS39,Lon.,lS40,p.8vo;3ded.,1843. " .Mrs. Gray's sepulchral picture-gallery has no intervals of daub or vacancy. ' She has won an honourable place in the large as- sembly of modern female writers." — Lf>n. (^uar. Rev. "As a more particular illustration of what is the highest pride of modern English civilization — the union of genuine learning and genuine refinement — we may once more name Mrs. Hamilton Gray's Sepulchres of Etruria." — Miss Kigby: Lon. t^uav. licv., Ixvi. 105. See Dennis, George. 2. The History of Etruria, 1843-44, 2 vols. p. 8vo. "The reading world will peruse Mrs. Gray's works, which are open to all. in their native elegance, with the deepest interest." — For. and Col. Qnar. Rev. " A work which we strongly recommend as certain to afford pleasure and profit to every reader." — Lmi. Athenceum. 3. Hist, of Rome for Young Persons, 1847, 2 vols. 12bio. '' A very ingenious attempt to bring the recent discoveries of the critical school into working competition with the miserable Gold- smiths and Piuuocks of our youth."— Z-oti. Chris. Remtimhrancer. '■ Even as a mere reading-book, very interesting and authentic." — Lf>n. Gnarilinn. " Here we have any thing but a dry detail of names, dates and facts, such as is too often to be met within brief compilations." — Lon. Alltentcitm. 4. Emperors of Rome, from Augustus to Constantine. Being a Continuation of the Hist, of Rome for Young Persons, 1850, 12mo. "It may be recommended as a clear, rapid, and well-arranged summary of facts, pointed by frequent but brief reflections." — Lon. Spectator. " A stiiking characteristic of the book is the impartiality of its political tone and its high moral feeling." — Lon. Examiner. Gray, Henry, Lect. on Anat. at St. George's Hospital. 1. Structure and Use of the Spleen, Lon., 1854, p. 8vo, 2. Anatomy, Descript. and Surgical, 1858, r. 8vo, pp. 782. Gray, Horace, Jr. Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Judicial Ct. of Massachusetts, 1854 ; Bost,, 1855-56, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Gray is the suc- cessor, as reporter, to Judge Gushing. 2. Supp. to Revised Statutes of Mass., 1855, vol. ii., 1855, r. Svo. See CoSH- ING, Luther Stearns. Gray, Hugh. Letters from Canada, 1806-08, Lon., 1809, '14, Svo. Gray, J. T. 1. Exercises in Logic, designed for the use of Students in Colleges, Lon., 1845, 12mo. "Admirably adapted to be used as a class-book, accompanied by GRA GRA the instructions of an able teacher. The eicample-s are mimerons and well chosen. We think such a work as this was much wanted. The plan and general execution are excellent."' — Lon. Eclectic Review. 2. Immortality : its Real and Alleged Evidences ; 2d ed., 184S, Svo. '■We read this work before; we have re-perused it now with a high Sense of its ability." — Lon. Evangelical 0iristendoin. Gray, James. Measures of Scotland compared with those of England : Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1754. Gray, James. Selecta Latine, Edin., 12mo. "We consider this to be a most useful and valuable compila- tion, and have no hesitation in recommending it very highly to Teachers." — Lit. and Statistical M-ig. Gray, James. Introduction to Arithmetic ; 58th ed., Lon., 1850, 8vo. Gray, James A,, Rector of Dibden, Hants. The Earth's Antiquity in Harmony with the Mosaic Record of Creation, Lon., 1849, '51, sm. Svo. Gray, Mrs. James. - See Browne, Mary Anne. Gray, Mrs. Jane !«., b. about 1800, is a daughter of Wm. Lewers, Esq., of Castle Blayney, Ireland, (of which town Mrs. G. is a native.) and the wife of the Rev. John Gray, D.D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Easton, Pennsylvania. Her poems, entitled Sabbath Reminiscences, Two Hundred Years Ago, and Morn — in imitation of Night, by James Montgomery — are among the l^est specimens of modern poetical composition. See Gris^old's Female Poets of America. Gray, John. 1. Gunnery, Lon., 1731, Svo. 2. Peru- vian or Jesuits' Bark; Phil. Trans., 1737. Gray, John. 1. Land Measuring, Glasg., 1757, '59, Svo. 2. Inland Navigations, Lon., 1768, Svo. Gray, John. 1. Poems, Lon., 1770, Svo. 2. Poems, trans, and original, Dundee, 1778, Svo. Gray, John. Dr, Price on Civil Liberty, Lon., 1777, Svo. " While we allow his merit as a politician, we must condemn his asperitv." — Lnn. M-mth. Eev. Gray," John, LL.D. Political treatises, Lon., 1800, '02. Gray, John. Preservation of the Teeth, Lon., 1842, ISmo. " Interesting and useful to every medical practitioner, the heads of families, and those who have the care of children." Gray, John* 1. The Social System ; a Treat, on the Principle of Exchange, Lon.. Svo. 2. Lects. on the Nature and Use of Money, 1848, Svo. " With the view of endeavouring to stimulate, in however slight a degree, the existing spirit of inquiry into the validity of the Monetary System of this Country, the Author of these Lectures will give a Piemium of one hundred guineas to whomsoever shall be able to produce the Best Reply to, and .before a Competent and Impartial Tribunal to Refute, his Arguments." — Advertiseviad. Here is a rare opportunity for political economists : we believe that the prize is still open for competition. Gray, John. 1. Country Attorney's Practice, &c. ; 6th ed.. Lon., 1S45. 12mo. 2. Country Solicitor's Prac- tice; 4th ed., 1845. 12mo. 1 Jurist, 314; 3 Leg. Obs., 501. Gray, John C. An Oration pronounced before the Society of Phi Beta Kappa at Cambridge. August 30. 1821. Subject — The Present Condition and Prospects of Ameri- can Literature. See N. Amer. Rev., xiii. 478—490. 1821. Gray, John Edward, Ph.D., head of the Nat. Hist, department of the Brit. Museum. 2d ed. of Turton's Land and Fresh-Water Shells of the Brit. Islands, Lon., 1849, p. Svo. Mr. G. was associate editor (with John Richard- son, M.D.) of the Zoology of the Voyage of H.M. Ships Erebus and Terror. 1839-43, 1844. r. 4to, and wrote Pt. 1 of the Zoology of H.M. Ship Sulphur, 1843-45, r. 4to. For a list of his scientific papers, memoirs, &c., — about 500 in number. — we refer to the Bibliog. of Zoology and Geo- logy. See also Eng. Cyc, Biog., vol. iii., 1856, 175. Gray, John H. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1842, &c. Grav, Jonathan. Hist, of the York Lunatic Asylum, York. 1814, Svo. Gray, Nicholas. See Grey. Gray, Robert, D.B., 1762-1834, a native of London, educated at Eton and St. Mary Hall, Oxford, became Vicar of Farringdon, Berkshire ; Rector of Craike, York- shire, 1802; removed by Bishop Earrington to the living of Bishop Wearmouth, Durham; Preb. of Durham, 1804; Bishop of Bristol, 1S27. His principal works are the following: 1. Key to the Old Test, and tbe Apocrypha, Lon., 1790, Svo ; 9th ed., Lon.. 1829. Svo. Much enlarged and improved. 10th ed., with Percy's Key to the N. Test., 1841. Svo. Pub. by Rivington, Lon. This is a correct edition. There is an ed. in print without the author's last additions. "This is a very convenient and useful book, combining a large portion of valuable information and discriminative learnin<;. It was desij,aied as a companion to Percy's Key to the \ew Testa- ment, but is much fuller than that work. Both are likely to be superseded by the more extensive work of Mr. ITartwell Home." — Ormt's Bill. Bib, See IIorne, Thomas Hartwell, D.D. "Dr. Gray has dili;;ently consulted and brought together a great mass of information from the writings of the fathers, (he antient ecclesiastical historians, and oriji;inal authorities which are not accessible to the generality of students. Bp. Mant and Dr. D'Oyley have liberally availed themselves of Dr. G.'s researches in their commentary on the Holy Scriptures." — Home's BibL Bib. See Bishop Marsh's Lectures on Divinity. 2. Letters written during a Tour through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy in 1791-92, 1794, Svo. 3. Ten Discourses on Various Subjects, illustrative of the Evi- dence, Influence, and Doctrines of Christianity, 1793, Svo. " Some of the subjects here selected by the author are among those which appear to him to have been less fref|Uently consi- dered, under this form, than their importance merits." — Pre/ace. "Mr. Gray has well supported the previous fame acquired by his Key to the Old Testament, and has ably elucidated some diffi- cult points, particularly the much-controverted doctrine of the Millennium." — British Critic. 4. Connexion between the Sacred Writings and the Literature of the Jewish and Heathen Authors, R. JuHnson : Life of Gray. " I am acquainted with manv parts of your excursion through the north of England, and very glad that you had my old friend Mr. Gray's Letters with you. which are iudeed .so well written that I have no scruple to pronounce them the best letters that have been printed in our language. Lady Montagu's are not without merit, but^ire too artificial and affected to be confided in as true, and Lord Chesterfields have much greater faults,— indeed, some of the greatest that letters can have: but Gray's letters are always sensible, and of classical conciseness and perspicuity. They very much resemble what his conversation was." — Da. Beattie : Letter to a Friend. "Ilis letters are inimitiibly fine. If his poems are sometimes finical and pedantic, his prose is quite free from affectation. He pours his thoughts out upon paper as they arise in his mind; and they arise in his mind without pretence or constraint, from the pure impulse of learned leisure aud contemplative indolence. He is not here on stilts or on buckram, but smiles in his easy-chair as he moralizes through the loopholes of his retreat on the hustle and raree-show of the world, or • those reverend bedlams— colleges and schools.' He had nothing to do but to read and think, aud to tell his friends what he read and thought. His life was a luxu- rious, thoughtful dream."— IlAZLiTT : Lectures on the English Poets. When there is so much to be done in this world, so much ignorance to be instructed, error to be rectified, vice to be reformed, and impiety to be extirpated and misery to be consoled, we envy not that man who has no better record to meet him on the Groat Day than that "his life ■was a luxurious, thoughtful dream." But to continue our quotations respecting Gray's Letters : "Delightful indeed are these Letters: evincing the taste of a Tirtuoso. the attainments of a scholar,and the gaiety of a classical wit." — Dini>lN: Lib. Comp. " Read Gray's letters od his Tour to the Lakes. He saw little. and that little hastily: but what he did see he sketched with the pen inimitably. The touches with which he occasionally gives life and spirit to the delineation are exquisite. Yet in Gray's 728 GRA prose, as in his verse, there is something affected; and his wit, though very refined and pure, has the air of being forced. The description of the sunrise (Let. tJj is iucomparably fine."— Green : Biary of a Litvtir of Lit. Having thus noticed the principal productions of Gray, we presume that the reader will be gratified by some quo- tations respecting the general characteristics of an author so justly distinguished in the Republic of Letters. " Perhaps he was the most learned man in Euiope. He was equally acquainted with the elegant and profound parts of science, and that not superficially, but thoroughly. He knew every branch of history, both natural and civil ; had read all the original histo- rians of England. France, and Italy ; and was a great antiquarian. Criticism, metaphysics, morals, politics, made a principal part of his study; voyages and travels of all sorts were his favourite amusements; "and he had a fine taste in painting, prints, archi- tecture, and gardening."— Rev. Wm. Temple: Letier to Janies Bos- weU. The grandiloquent phrase — "the most learned man in Europe" — is very observable. What were Mr. Temple's opportunities and capacity for gauging all the learning of all Eurupe? But upon this fault of exaggeration we have already descanted at length, here and elsewhere, in the present volume. Gray undoubtedly possessed some knowledge of archi- tecture. In our article on Edward Bentham we have taken occasion to correct an error respecting Gray's sup- posed share iu the History of Ely Cathedral. "I am sorry you did not see Mr. Gray on his return. Yon would harve been much pleased with him. Setting aside his merit as a poet, which, however, in my opinion, is greater than any of his contemporaries can boast, in this or any other nation, I found him possessed of the most exact taste, the soundest judgment, and most ext.ensive learning."— Dr. Beattie: Letter to a Fnend. "What has occurred to me from the slight inspection of his Letters in which my undertaking has engaged me is, that his mind had a large grasp; that his curiosity was unlimited and his judg- ment cultivated; that he was a man likely to love muih where he loved at all, but that he was fastidious and hard to please. His contempt, however, is often employed, where I hope it will be ap- proved, upon scepticism and infidelity. ... He has a kind of strut- ting dignity, and is tall by walking on tiptoe. His art and his eti-uggle are too visible, aud there is too little appearance of ease and nature. "To say that he has no beauties would be unjust: a man like him, of great learning and great industry, could not but produce something valuable. When he pleases least, it can only be said that a good design was ill directed. His translations of Northern and Welsh i'oetry deserve praise; the imagery is preserved, per- haps often improved; but the language is unlike the language of other poets." — Dr. Johnson : Life of Gray. The "fastidiousness" and effeminacy of the poet would appear to have formed prominent points in bis character: "There is no character without some speck, some imperfection; and 1 think the greatest defect in his was an affectation in delicacy, or rather effeminacy, and a visible fastidiousness, or contempt and disdain of his inferiors in science."- Kev. William Temple : Letter to James Boswell. "His faculties were endowed with uncommon strength; he thought with a manly nervousness; and he penetrated forcibly into every subject which engaged his attention. But his petty manners were disagreeably effeminate and fastidious; his habits wanted courage and hardiness; and his temper and spirits were a prey to feebleness, indolence, and trivial derangements. His heart was pure; and his conduct, I firmly believe, stained with no crime. He loved virtue for its own sake, and felt a just and never-slack- ened indignation at vice. But the little irritations of his daily temper were too much affected by trifles; he loved to assume the character of the fine gentleman, — a mean and odious ambition in any one. but scarcely to be forgiven in a man of genius! Ha would shrug his .shoulders and distort his voice into fastidious tones, and take upon himself the airs of what folly is pleased to call hi'ih company:'— &IR ^^. Egerton Brydges : Traits in the Literary CftardcUr of Gray the I'bet: Oiis. Lit., ed. 1815, viii. 21(i-2-21. q. v. But Mason remarks in Gray's defence that his effemi- nacy was affected most " Before those whom he did not wish to please; and that he is unjustly charged with making knowledge his sole reason of pre- ference, as he paid his esteem to none whom he did not likewise believe to be good." . , , .. "There has always appeared to me an effort and elaboration in Gray's compositions very remote from the general spirit of poetical effusion. They are exquisite pieces of mosaic, curiously wrought, of the rarest precious gems; but in which we vainly look for the bold design, free handling, and glowing excelleucies of a great painter." — Green: Diary of a Lover of Lit. As regards the success of Gray in his efforts to imitate the poetry of the classical age, there can be but little room for debate : that this success has been unduly exnggerated is no matter of surprise. Indiscriminate eulogy is treason to the object of our adoration; and had Gray's friends been less fervid Dr. Johnson had been less frigid. Mason could not well have said more when he announced, as a dictttm of undoubted truth, "No more the Grecian Muse unrivall'd reigns; To Britain let the nations homage pay : She boasts a Homer's fire in Milton's strains, A Pindar's rapture in the Lyre of Gray." Perhaps there will be thought to be something of eiag- GRA GRA geration in the glowing eulogy of an eminent authority of our own diiy : "Gray, whose burning thoughts had been condensed in words of more tbau classic beauty." — Sir Aechibald Auson : Hist, of Europe. Probably some modern Akenside, devoted to the worship of the ancients, would write on the margin of this dictum, dele " Juore than." Certain it is that, notwithstanding the vehement protests of Gray's modern admirers, the reputation of their favour- ite's Pindaric Odes received a fatal bluw on the day when Johnson's Lives of the English Poets were given to the world. To quote the words of a modern critic of great taste and refinement, "The Lyrioal crown of Gray was swept away at one fell swoop by the ruthless arm of Dr. Johnson. That the Doctor's celebrated critiiiue was unduly severe must be admitted; but the stern cen- sor had truth on his side, nevertheless. There is more of Art than Nature in Gi-ay; more of recollection than invention; more of acquirement than genius. If 1 may use a colloquial illustration, I should say that the marks of the tool are too evident on all that he does." — Nenle's Lectures on Entjlish Poetry. Lord Jeffrey, in a review of Weber's edition of Ford's Works," — see our biography of Ford, — remarks: "After Young there was a plentiful lack of poetical talent, down to a period comparatively recent. Akenside and Gray, indeed, iu the interval, discovered a new way of imitating the antients; and CollinsandGoldsmith produced some small specimens of exquisite and original poetry." — ii/rn. Bev., xviii. 2S2. But it was not alone the poets of classical antiquity which engnged the studious attention of Gray. Philoso- phy, also, had its claims acknowledged by him. His com- ments on Plato elicited the ardent admiration of no less a scholar than Dr. Parr: " When I read the poet Gray's observations on Plato, published by Mr. Mathias. my first impulse was to exclaim, ' Why did not I write thisf Gray alone possesses the meiit of avoidiog the errors into which other commentators have fallen; there are no fine-spuu observations— no metaphysical absurdities— in Gray." — Ftdd's Life of Parr. But we must not further lengthen a long article. It is time that we bad noticed some of the editions of an author who has now — not unpleasantly, we trust — so long engaged the attention of our reader. 1. Ode to Eton College, Lon., 1747, fol. 2. Elegy written in a Country Church-yard, 1751. The translations of this Elegy into other languages have already been considered at length. Of the many beautiful illustrated edits, we may be permitted to notice that of Van Voorst, of London, with 33 Illustrations, 1839, 8vo ; (Mr. Van V. has also pub.— in 1S37, Svo — an edit, of The Bard, with Illustrations from drawings by the Hon. Mrs. J. Talbot;) the edit, illustrated by the London Etching Club, 1S47, fol.; the one illumi- nated by Owen Jones, 1846, r. Svo ; and the edit, illustrated by Biiket Foster and others. 1853, cr. Svo; 2d ed., 1854. 3. Poems, with designs by R. Bentley, 1753, r. 4to. These designs were executed at the suggestion of Horace Wal- pole, by his friend Richard Bentley: see the name in this Dictionary. Gray repaid the compliment by his Stanzas to Mr. Bentley. 4. Odes. Printed at Strawberry Hill, 1757, 4to. 1000 copies. 5. Poems, Lon., 176S, 12mo. 6. Ode at the Installation of the Duke of Grafton, Cam- bridge, 1769, 4to. 7. Poems, Dubl., 1771, 4to. This beau- tiful edit, was "Published to remove the reproaches which Ireland has long laboured under for bad priotinc." — Tfinmas Ewing's (the printer) d^diCi'ti'm. to the Rt. Hon. Sam. Oliver, Esq. S. Poems, with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by W. Mason, York, 1775, 4to ; 1778, 4 vols. cr. Svo; Lon., 1789, 4to. Also pub, in 2 vols. Svo, 2 vols. p. Svo, and 1807, 2 vols. 12mo. "Reluctant indeed should I be to dismiss these pages to the world without not only the mention, but the strong recommen- dation, of Mason's Life of Gray, 1775. 4to, with a portrait of that eminent poet prefixed. I should rather perhaps call this book Gray's Memoir of Himself, as the biography is composed chiefly of the poet's own letters. . . . The neatest and best edition of Mason is that printed in 1778, at York, in 4 vols, crown Svo, worth about 24s.; but of all the portraits of Gray, I consider that prefixed to the quarto as decidedly the besf."~Dibdin's Lib. Comp. '•The taste, the zeal, the congenial spirit of Mr. Mason certainly produced, though with some faults, arising principally from want of erudition, one of the most elegant and classical volumes in the English language." — Lon. Qiuir. I^ev., xi. 3U4. 9, Poems, 1775, fol. 10. Latin Odes in English Verse, &c., 1776. 4to. 11. Poetical Works, with Notes by Gilbert Wakefield, 1786, Svo. " Looked through Wakefield's Notes on Gray's Poems. Ilis style is wonderfully luxui iant. and he seems perfectly to enter into and feel the spirit of the poet whom he criticises.' The fertility too with which he discovers similitudes is marvellniis; but if Johnson is penurious in his praise of Gray, Gilbert ^\■akefield, I think, is lavish Against Johnson, Wakefield is severe, even to virulence; and there is a sentiment at the close of the annotations on the Bard, at which I revolt with disgust: 'If at any time we feel ourselves dazzled by Dr. Johnson's bright and diffusive powers of undei^ standing, we may turn for relief to his criticisms on Gray, his Prayers, and Meditations.'"— Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit. 12. Poetical Works, Glasg., 1787, fol. U. The Travel- ler's Companion in a Tuur through England and Wales, Lon., 1787, 12mo. Supp., 1787, 12mo. New ed., 17'J9, 12mo. This catalogue was originally written by Gray on the blank leaves of Kitchiu'a Euglish Atlas. 14, Poems, Parma. 1793, 4to. Printed by Budini. 200 copies. Large paper, 100 copies. 15. Poems, 1800, 8vu. 16. English and Latin Poems, with Critical Notes and a Life uf the Author, Achy the Rev. John Mitiord, Lou., 1814, Svu; 1816,2 vols. 4to. Also pub. in 2 vols. Svo. "From the Advertisement, p. 40, the reader is informed of the chief causes which render this edition so de-Mrable to a genuine lover of Gray's high intellectual character: the great importance however which the editor attaches to this volume is, that it enables the public for the first time to read the genuine and uncorrupted correspondence of Gray, exactly in his own language and printed from his own Manuscripts." — Dibdin's Lib. Oniip. Of Mitford's edit, and edits, with Mitford's Life, there have been several issues, 1816, 2 vols. 4to; also pub. in 2 vols. Svo; illustrated and edited, with introductory stanzas, by John Moultrie. Eton, 1845, Svo; 2d ed., 1S47, Svo; ;id ed., 1851, Svo ; 4th ed., 1853, Svo. Pickering's edit., 1835- 43, 5 vols. fp. Svo. A list of contents will be found at the end of this article. 17. Works, with Extracts, Philological, Poetical, and Critical, by T. J. Mathias, 1814, 2 vols. r. 4to. This edit, contains the Poems, Letters, and the Memoirs by Wm. Mason. '* A magnificent edition of Gray's Works, which derives so large a share of its value from the tast«, learning, sagacity, and moral principles Of an editor peculiarly qualified to do justice to the merits of such a scholar and such a poet as Mr. Gray." — Dr. Parr's Wdl. "Of the qualifications which pointed out Mr. Mathias as the editor of the present Extracts. Philological, Poetical, and Critical, it is impossible to think or speak otherwise than with sincere respect. His spirit is congenial with that of his author, his admi- ration, though he professes 'nunquam vidisse Virgilium,' not in- ferior to that of personal friendship." — Lon. Quar. Jiev., xi. 304- 318. q. j7. '' As a poet, the warmest of Mr. Gray's admirers may safely trust him with Fate; viewing him as an amiable and irreproachable pri- vate character, we may be contented to take his portrait sketched by the hand of friendship in 5Ir. Mason's account of him; but. lor a delineation of him with all the mastery of taleut. not only as a prodigy of learning but as that most exalted character, a Platouist made perfect by Revelation, the world is indebted to Mr. Mathias." Lon. Month. Bev., Ixxviii. 3S4-3S7, q. v. Dr. Dibdin does not speak so enthusiastically of this edition : " The more recent edition of the works of Gray, by 3fr. Mathias, in two widely-spread quartos, (concerning which read the Quarterly I!eviei€, vol. xi., p, 304.) sunk with the weight of lead upon the market. Huge as is the ordinary size of these tooies — and little calculated as were the works of Gray for such a ponderous super- structure—there are yet large paper Copies! ! at a price which at first appalled the timid, and startled the rich, [£12 V2s.: the copies of ' the ordinary size' were pub. at £7 7s.] The prices, however, both of the small and large paper, are niaferially abated [in 1824- 251 . . . and I prophesy . . . but — * hence.' Mairi xaxwi/ ! — methinks I hear one of the Syndics of the Cambridge UuiverMij Press ex- claim. Yet, note well : An edition of the Pursuits of Literature ^as struck oCF. on paper of the same size, in both forms; as if Thomas .Tames JIathias had been the principal author of this latter work! What will be the verdict of posterity '("' — Lib. Comj). The " verdict of posterity" is no secret. IS. Letters, edited by Rev. J. Mitford, Svo. 19. Criticisms on Gray's Elegy, Svo. 20. Life of Gray, by Mason, 24mo. 21. Poems, 32mo. 22. Poems, with Memoir by Mitford, 24mo. 23. Poems, with Westall's Designs, 16mo. 24. Addit. Notes to the Corresp. of Gray and Mann, IS55, Svo. The edit, of Gray's Poems pub. by Mr. H.C.Baird, Phila., 1850, sm. Svo, already referred to. and that pub. by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1854, ISmo, deserve warm commendation. We pro- mised to give a list of the contents of Pickering's edit, of Gray's Works, edited by Mitford, Lon., 1835, "43, fp. Svo. Vol. I. Life by Mitford ; Poems. II. Essay on the Poetry of Gray; Letters, III. Letters. IV. Letters: Journal of Tour in Italy. V. Mathias's Letter on the death of Nicholls; Reminiscencesof Gray, by Nicholls; Correspond- ence of Gray with Nicholls; Correspondence of Brown and Nicholls relative to Gray; Letters of Nicholls; Notes by Mitford; Gray's Notes on Walpole's Lives of the Painters ; Extracts from a poem on the letters of the alpha- bet; Observations on English Metre, Pseudo-Rhythm, Use of Rhyme, and on the Poems of Lydgate. Gray, Walter. Almanacke, Lon., 15S7, Svo. Gray, Walter. Expedition to Scheldt, 1810. Gray, Rev. Wm. On Confirmation, Lon., 1S48, 12mo. Gray, Mm. Survey of Newcastle, &c., Lon., 1649, 4to. Gray, Wm. Sketch of the Original English Prose Literature, Oxf., 1S35, Svo. 729 GRA Voyage of Discovery Gray, Wm., and Dochard in Africa, 1S18-21, Lon., 8vo. Graydon, Alexander, 1752-1S18, a native of Bris- tol, Pennsylvania, a soliiier in tlie Revolutionary War, was the author of Memoirs of a Life chiefly passed in Pennsylvania, within the last Sixty Years; with Occa- sional Keniarks upon the General Occurrences. Character, and Spirit of that Eventful Period, Harrishurg, 1811. Reprinted in London. This vol. was rcpub. in Edinburgh, 1822, by John Gait, with a dedication to Richard Hush, Esq., American Minister at London. Mr. Gait remarks in his dedication that " It is i-emarkaVjle that a production so rich in the vanous ex- cellencies of style. d>-scription, and impartiality, should not have been known ih this cnuntiy, especially as it is perhaps the best person.al nairative which has yet appeared relatrve to the history of that great contliit which terminated in establishing the inde- pendence of the United States." The London Quarterly Review gives an amusing re- view of this work, and, referring to Mr. Gait's eulogy, remarks : , , . i , »v .r " He now appears as the editor and eulogist of these Memoirs, ■which— notwithstanding his high and solemn praise, both of then- matter and uiaunor— we venture to pronounce to be iu matter almost worthless, and in manner wholly contemptible. . . . We scarcely remember to have met with an emptier pretender to literature, or a grosser apostate in politics. . . . \\ecan honestly assure Mr. Gait — without overrating his talents aud taste in the least^that he is himself capable of actdiiig a thousand times more luslrc to the English luriffuage than the author of such an absurd farrago as he has here thought proper to reprint."— xxvi. 364-374. A new ed. of this work, rearranged, with biographical and historical notes, and an index, was pub. by Mr. John Stockton Littell, of Germantown, in 1846, Phila., 8vo. pp. 604. Mr. Graydon was a contributor to the literary and poli- tical journals of the day. A number of his essays, very popular at the time, will be found in the Phila. Portfolio, under the title of Notes of a Desultory Reader. In these papers he communicates to the public his opinions respect- ing his favourite authors. Graydon, Kev. George. Fish ; Trans. Irish Acad., 1794. Graydon, Wm., of Pennsylvania. 1. Digest of the Laws of the U. Stales, Ac, Harrisburg, 1803, Svo; Lon., 1803, Svo; Appendix, Harrisburg, 1813, Svo. 2. Justice and Constable's Assist., Phila., 1820, Svo. 3. Forms of Conveyancing, and of Practice in the various Courts and Public Offices. New ed., by Robert E. Wright, 1S45, Svo. Fourth ed. "The previous editions have been for the last forty years the ready and coustaut guide*book of the professional man as well as of the citizen, in all cases in which a sate and couvenient Form- Book was needed ; and it is only necessary to remark that the labours of Mr. Wright, in bringing it down to the present period, have been faithfully and judiciously executed."— I'BED. C. Brightly. "We are glad to see this favourite book in a new and much improved edition." — Anur. Law Ry his bold, novel, and highly-successful treatment of diseases of the aii--tubes, which had very generally been deemed incurable ; aud his skill and experience in this particular department of surj^ery probably qualifies him to treat the subject with more knowledj^e aud contidence than any other writer on this side the Atlantic." 4. In 1S56, Dr. Green pub. a Report, with a Statistical Tabic, of 106 Cases of Pulmonary Diseases treated by In- jections into the Bronchial Tulws with a Solution of Nitrate of Silver. '■I have only to say that I have confirmed the statements mad© by Dr. Horace Green: I have introduceii the catheter publicly in the cliuical wards of tlie Royal lulirniary, iu seven patients. I think it important that these facts should be known to the profession, as a homage justly due to the talents of a distinguished transatlantic physician, and with a view of recommending a practice which, if judiciously employed, may form a new era in the treatment of pul- monary d"isease."~PR0P. J. H. Ben.vett ; Edin. Skd. Jour. 5. Selections from the Favorite Prescriptions of Living American Practitioners, N.Y'., 1858. Dr. G. has contributed a number of papers to the Lon- don Lancet, the .American Medical Monthly, SilUman'9 Journal, and the New York Journal of Medicine. Green, J. A Refutation of the Apology for Actors, Lon.. 1111,'). Green, J. Privileges of the Lord M.ayor. Ac. 1709, '22. Green, J. 1. Spelling Book, Lon., 1721, 12mo. 2. A Chart of N. and S. America, &c., 1753, fob 3. Remarks in support of the above Chart, 1753, 4to. Green, James. Golden Numbersj rel. to Easter, Lon.. 1755, Svo. Green, James, Lieut., R.N. 1. Critical Essays, Lrui., 1770. Svo. 2. Hist. Essay on Govts., Edin., 1793, Svo. 3. British Constitution. Green, James S. Reports of Cases Supreme Ct. N. Jersey. 1831-36. Trenton. 1833-3S, 3 vols. Svo. Green, J. H., the Reformed Gambler. 1. Gambling Exposed, Phila., 12mo. 2. The Gambler's Life. 3. Secret Band of Brothers. 4. The Reformed Gambler ; an Auto- biography ; new eds.. 1S58. Green, John, Curate of Thurnscoe, Yorkshire. I. Nine Discourses, 1711, Svo. 2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3. Grace aud Truth. Ac. 1752-62, Svo. 4. Serm., 1763, Svo. Green, John. 1. Journey from Aleppo to Damascus in 1725, Lon., 1736, Svo. 2. Collec. of Voyages and Tra- vels. 1745-47, 4 vols. 4to. A collection of great value, aud the original of the Abbe Prevost's Collection. See Cens. Lit, 411, 412; 2d ed., 1815. Green, John. A con, on nat. philos. to Phil. Trans., 1739. Green, John, D.D., 1706-1779, a native of Beverley, Y'orkshire, was a sizar, and became (in 1730) a Fellow, of St. John's Coll., Camb. ; Regius Prof, of Divinity, 1748; Master of Bene't Coll., 1750; Dean of Lincoln, 1756; Bishop of Lincoln, 1761; Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's, 731 GRE 1771. He pub. ten occasional serms., 1749-73 • The Aca- demic, 1750; and was one of the authors of the Athenian Letters pub. by Philip Yorke, Earl of Hardwicke: best ed., l,i)h, 2 vols. 4to. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and authorities there cited. Green, John, Curate of St. Saviour's, Southwark. 1. .Serm., Lon., 1757, 4to. 2. Nine Serms., 1758, Svo. 3. Eight Serms., 1758, Svo. 4. Serm., 175'J. Green, Jolin. Serm., 1764, 4to. Green, John Richards, t. e., John Gifford, q. t. Green, Joseph, 1700-1780, a native of Boston, Mass., graduated at Harvard in 1726, and subsequently became a distiller. He was a man of great wit, and wrote a number of satirical poems, Ac, among the best-known of which are Entertainment for A AVinter's Evening; a burlesque on a Psalm of Mather Byles ; The Land-Bank; Account of the celebration of St. John ; and A Mournful Lamenta- tion for the Death of Old Mr. Tenor. His political pieces were in favour of the principles of freedom. An interest- ing account of Green will be found in Duyokincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Green, Mrs. Mary Anne Everett. 1. Letters of Roy.al and Illust. Ladies of (i. Britain, now first pub., with Hist, Notices, Lon,, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Lives of the Princes.se.» of England, 1S49-55, 6 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1857 '• In clusing this last review of the work, we cannot flnnllv part fiom Mrs. (.reen without again beaiiug our testimony to the «ire- fu research and diligent examination of authorities whi. h each volume displays. Along the line of .six hundred years much inci- denta lijrht has been thrown, not only on English but on Conti- nental history; aud as a valuable contribution towards loth we recommend these volumes."— i,™. Aihmaim. 1855, 64;i-6Sl ■■ As a companion to Wiss Strickland's Memoiis of the English «ueens this work may claim a similarly wide audience, and help to popularize historical taste.s."—io„. £j.a„,,„,r. 3. Letters of Queen Henrietta M.aria, 1857. p. Svo 4 iTfJf^f^'f '«J'''P"''' *™'s-. IS08-59. See Lon. Athen.; 1858, Pt. 1, 457. Pt. 2, 386 ; Lemon, Robert. Mrs. Green has in preparation The Queens of the House of Brunswick Green, Matthew, 1697-1737, an officer in the London Custom-House, was noted for bis wit and poetical abilities. • ■ ■L'"',''''""". l''*2. privately printed, afterwards inserted ',° ,?''^'''=^ a Collection, vol. v. 2. The Spleen ; a Poem, 1/.J7, Svo. Published by Glover, the author of Leonidas, who h,ad urged the author to its completion as it now st.ands It was subsequently pub. in Dodsley's Collection, and also in the 2d ed. of Dr. Johnson's Poets. In 1796 Svo Cadell .ind Davies pub. The Spleen and other Poems! with a Pref. Essay by Dr. Aikin. Green's Poetical Works were pub. in 1S54, by the Rev. R. A. Willmot, in the same vol. with those of Gray, Parnoll, Collins, and J. "iVarton ^fo."«'/"if '*"■"• '^^^■'^ '**^"' Lon. Gent. Mag., 1849! Pt. 2, 468. Pope remarks that there is a great deal of onginahty in The Spleen ; and Gray, in his correspondence with Horace Walpole, observes of Green's poems, then pub. in Dodsley s Collection : "There i.s a profusion of wit everywhere; reading would have no'tTf n'^^h""'!;""".'!"? hf """i-ed hisverse. for even Ids wood- noUs often break out into strain.s of real poetry aud music." See Johnson and t li:ilineis's IViets. 1810 Green, Kalph. Porter-Brewer. Ac, Lon., 1765, fol. Green, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1745, 4to Green, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1756, 4to Green, Richard W. 1. Gradations in Algebra, Phil., 12mo 2. Key to do., ]2mo. 3. Little Reckoner/lSmo 4. Arithmedcal Guide, 18mo. Green, Robert. See Greene. Green, Robert. Hand-Drill for sowing Peas, Beans, ic. ; Nic. Jour.. 1804. ' Green, Robert. On Under Draining Wet and Cold Lands, Lon., 1S42, Svo. •■•rbis 1,00k has been very little noticed, though written on a most import.«t suhject, as the title comprehends al 11 he lands that_ require to be drained.'-Z>«,„Ws„n'., AgricuH. Dion Green, Rupert. The Secret Plot; a Tragedy, 1777 12mo. & j^ • < I, '■I'roduced before he was nine years aUr-Bioq. Dramat Green, S. Romances, history, .itc., 1806-12 Green, Samuel. .Serms., Lon., 1786, Svo ' Green, Thomas. Serms., ic, 1750. '64, '68, all I'mo .'^'■•^•^"'"■■^^-'■eeue, Thomas, 1658-1738, a n.ntive of Norwich; Fellow of Bene't Coll., 16S0; Vicar of Min- ster, Thanet, 1695; Master of Bene't Coll., 1698- Arch deacon of Canterbury, 1708; Vicar of St. Martin's-in-the Fields \\estunnster, 1716; Bishop of Norwich, 1721; 15, 16, 21, 23, '24, '26, '27. '34. His principal works are upon the Lord's Supper, 1710 ; The Pri'nciple's of Rdigion 1726; .and the Four Last Tbint-s 1734 ■ '^'"'tI? '^''»""»«' On Enthusiasm, Lon., 1755, Svo. GRE Green, or Greene, Thomas, D.D., Dean of Sarum. Serm. on 1 Chron. .\xix. 14, Lou., 1767. Svo. ■ tj'reen, Thomas. An Ancient Urn; Trans. Irish Acad., 1787. Green,Thomas, Jr., of Liverpool. Miscell. Poetry. Lon., ISOS), 12mo. Green, Thomas, 1769-1825, a native of Ipswich, entered the Middle Temple, but devoted his time to travel and literary research. He pub. a work on the theory of Morals, and Extracts from the Diary of a Lover of Litera- ture, Ipswich, 1810, 4to. Alter Mr. G.'s decease, further extracts from the original MS. from which the above work was printed were pub. in The Gentleman's Magazine, Jan. 18u4, &c. Prefixed to the first extract will be found a biographical account of the author. It is to be reoretled that the whole of the Diary was not given to the world i^T^/'if"' ^»'<'"t'ne. 1. Polite Arts in France, Lon., 1732, 83, 4to. 2. Survey of Worcester, Worces., 1764, Svo. New ed., 1796, 2 vols. 4to. 3. Discovery of the Body of K. John, Lon., 1797, 4to. 4. Cat, of Callot's Works, 1804. Green, W. Abyssus Mali; or. Corruption of Man's Nature, 1676, Svo. "Very excellent."— Pa/mfr's Nonamf., vol. li. Green, VV., and Penn, Johii. Moral and Religious Essays, Lon., 1776, 2 vols. 12mo. Green, Wni., d. 1794, Fellow of Clare Hall. Camb • Rector of Hardingham. Norfolk. 1. The Song of Deborah, reduced to metre; with a new trans, and comment., with Notes, Lon., 1753, 4to. 2. New Trans, of the Pr.ayer of Habakkuk, the Prayerof Moses, and the CXXXIX Ps with a Comment,, Ac, Camb., 1755, 4to. 3. New Trans, o'f the Psalms from the Hebrew, with Notes, &c., Lon., 1763 Svo '• .Many of the Rsalms arc consideralily improved iu this vJrsion! but as .a whole. It IS inferior to the next work of the author [Poetical Parts, kcf'—Ormt's Bill Bib. ' _ " Some judicious alterations in the version, and valuable crili- cisms in the notes. . The language of the translation, thouph correct, hath neither that force nor harmony which we find in the common version of our liibles."— ion. MmUh. Jter., O. S., xxviii 267 4 Poetical Parts of the 0. Test,, trans, from the Hebrew' with Notes, Camb., 1781, 4to. In German, by J. F. Roos Gessa', 1781. "■These tianslations are, in general, very accurate and elegant specimens of biblical interpretation. The iotes are not numeTous °' nl^'^^"!, IV'^T'/ ""'•'' f^""'' '•'"''■ ""d ^""-d criticism." —OiVKsBM.Bzb. Aud see the Lon. Mouth, liev.. O S Iviii 1-8 Green also made trans, from Isaiah, 1776; Horace 177?" 83:^ Virgil, 1783; and Ovid, 1783. ' ' , ,*^''o"V V""' '■ ^'''■'"'* °° ""^ l^n-Us, 180S-09, atlas lol. >. ,8 Studies from Nature, Lon., 1809, '18, fob; 00 do 1810, 12mo. 3. Tourist's New Guide, Kendal, 1819 2 v.ds. Svo. 'The result of eighteen years' observations in Ambleside, Keswick, Ac "it has been the business of his life to study n.iture; and to that business he brought great talents, intense perseverance, and Cd'o^.b '^?'^'""^^"' • ■ • I" ^ort. the great outline of the land of the Lakes and Mountains is filled up with a precision, a luluess, and an accuracy, no less wonderful than delightful "— Professor John Wilson. ^cb^iiui. Green, Wm. A Comp.anion to the Countess of Hunt- ingdon's Hymns, Lon., 1809, Svo. Greenaway, Rev. Stephen, 1713-1795. a clergy- man of the Ch. of Eng. A New Trans, of Ecclesiastes, Ac., m 3 parts, Lon., 1787, Svo. J!,t}A^°'^^}'T'^,^f^'"'-^l "''™ ^ purchased this book in 1819, assuied me that although he w,as one of the publisher.s, it was the only;^complete copy be had ever seen."-CMto„-'., ,dit. of the Bible, qv Lhe author was no great Hebrew scholar, and 'a great advei- ZlT^^Z'^'TV'-''':''"''' ■"" "» "»■■'' "-'"■"^ to be con- sulted, both on tcclesiast.s and on a considerable number of other passages of Scripture on which the writer oB^,.rs remtirks III speaks respectfully of Lowth aud Kennicott, but is very much di^ pleased with Father lIoubiL-ant,"- Onac's BM Bib Greene. See also Green. TT ^'f.f If.'o*"^^" *^-' ''■ '" Providence, Rhode Island, ieb. 10, 1802, was educated at Brown University, and on leaving college became a member of the bar. Since 1834 ha has occupied a post under the city government of his native Idace He has contributed a number of poetical pieces to periodicals, but never published a volume Among hia Al, r^T'\" '-■'""P"^>'ions "'■e The Baron's Lnst Banquet, Oh ! Think not that the Bosom's Light, and Old Grimes! Mr. G. has a valuable collection of American poetry, and It is hoped that be will give the results of his researches in this department to the public. Greene, Alexander. The Politician Cheated; a Comedy, Lon., 1663, 4to. " Whether it was ever acted does not appear."— Bioff. Pramal Greene, Asa, d. 1837, a New England 'physician, became a b(,okseller in New York, and for some lime edited The New York Evening Transcript. 1. The Lifo GRE GRE and Adventures of Dr. Dodimus Duckworth, A.N.Q. : to vhich is added the IlistDry of a Steam Doctor, N. York, ]S33, 12mo. 2. The Perils of Pearl Street. 1S34, 2 vols. 12mo. ;i. The travels of Ex-Barber Fribbleton in Ame- rica, 1S35. 4. A Yankee among the Nullifiers, 1S35. 5. A Glance at New York, 1837. 6. Debtor's Prison, 1S37, 18mo. Mr. Greene possessed great humour, and de^crijitive powers of no ordinary character. Greene, Bartholomew. His Admonition to Re- pentance and Amendment of Life, «. «., 8vo. Greene, or Green, George. 1. Lower Normandy, 1789, 18UI). &c., Lon., 1SU2-05, 8vo. 2. Journey from London to .St. Petersburg. IS13. 12mo. Greene, George Washington, b. April S, 1811, at East Greenwich, Kent county, llhode Island, is a son of N. R. Greene, the son of the celebrated (ieneral Xathanael Greene of the Revolutionary Army. The subject of this notice was educated at Brown University, in which insti- tution he subse^iuently became Instructor in Jlodern Lan- guages. For many years he resided in Europe, chiefly in Italy, and was from 1837 to '45 United States Consul to Rnme. Since 1862 he has resided in the city of New York. 1. Life of General Greene, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d Series, s. 3. Bost., 1846. 2. Primarv Lessons in French, N.York, 1849, 18mo. 3. New ed. of Putz and Arnold's Ancient Geography and Hist.. 184tJ. 12mo. 4. Companion to Ollendorff's French Grammnr, 1850. 16mo. 5. Primary Lessons in Italian, 18mo. 6. Historical Studies, composed of Hist, and Crit. Essays, chiefly on Italian Subjects, 1S50, 12mo. 7. Hist, and Geography of the Middle Ages, 1851, 12uio; with an atlas, 8vo. " A9 an introduction to the study of the Middle Ages, it is all that can be dt-'sired; and as a manual of rpference for advanced students in history, and even for tliose who have traversed the whole ground in detail, it cannot be otherwise than a most useful book. For readers of every class, the usefulness of the book is greatly increased by the felicitous and scholar-like manner in wliich it is written." — N. Am/r. Rev.. Ixxiii. 271-'27;i, q. v. 8. Addison's Complete Works, — the first complete edition ever published, — including all of Bishop Kurd's edition, with numerous pieces now first collected, and copious notes, by Prof. G. W. Greene. A new issue, in 6 vols. 12mo, with Vignettes, &c., New York, 1854. See Addison, Joseph. Mr. G. devoted several years while in Europe to the his- tory of Italy ; but his studies were interrupted on his return home, and he has never resumed it. He is now engaged in editing the papers of his grandfather. Gen. Greene, with a new and elaborate life. In addition to the works above enumerated, he has con- tributed many papers on historical and critical subjects to The North American Review, The Christian Review, The Knickerbocker Magazine, Harper's Magazine, and Put- nam's Magazine. Greene, John. Sermg., 1644, '47, both 4to. Greene, John. Serm., 1713, Svo. Greene, John. Serm., &c., 1723-28, all Svo. Greene, John. Serm., 1737, Svo. Greene, John. Beauty; a Poem, Lon., 1755, 4to. Greene, John. Theolug. and Med. Treatises, Lon., 1755, '66, '72. Greene, Joshua. Index to Cases in Admiralty, &c., Lon., 1818, Svo. Greene, Ulaurice, d. 1755, a composer of English cathedral music, made collections with a view to publica- tion of cathedral music. These were used by Dr. AVilliam Boyee in the splendid work already noticed hy us. Greene, Max. The Kansas Region, N. York, 1856. Contains a large amount of information. Greene, Nathaniel, b. at Boscawen, New Hamp- shire, May 20, 1797, has been connected at difi"erent times with The New Hampshire Patriot, The Concord Gazette, The New Hampshire Gazette, The Haverhill Gazette, The Essex Patriot, and The Boston Statesman. In 1S29 he became postmaster of Boston. He has pub. a number of translations from the Italian, German, and French. 1. Storia d'ltalia, di G. Sforzosi, Italia, 1830. This work was trans, by Mr. Greene for Harper's Family Library. *' Some praise is due to Sforzosi. who has condensed into one Tolume the whole history of Italy, ancient and modern. Uis work has been happily translated into Enelish by a competent scholar in this country. It however had no higher aim than to be an elementary work, and is only to be recommended in that character." — A''. Amer. Jiev., xlviii, 350. 2. Tales from the German. Trans, by N. Greene, Bost., 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. '■ Mr. Greene h.is been fiivourably known by his previous trans- lation of Sforzosis Italian History, for Messrs. Harper's Edition of the Family Library. We hope he will find leisure to continue his literary pursuits, and that, since be has the power, he will also have the inclination, to enrich his native literature by transplant- in;,' such beautiful exotics iuto it sis the Tales from the German." — Wm. H. Presiott : A'. Amer. it'ec, xlvi. loC-161, g. v. Greene, R. A. and J. W. Lumpkin. The Georgia Justice, Milledg., 1S35, Svo. "This work is a mere compilation of the statutes of Georgia, relating to the duties of Justices of the Peace." Greene, R. W, The King v. O'Grady, Dubl., 1816, '18, Svo. Greene, Richard. Artificial Cheltenham Water, Nicbol. Jour., 1S(I9. Greene, Robert, 1560?-]o92, an English poet and miscellaneous writer, noted alike for his good ailvice and bad example, was a native of Ipswich, and educated at St. John's Coll., Camb. After leaving college he travelled on the continent, and upon his return home is supposed to have taken orders and received the living of Tollesbury in Essex, June 19, 1584. He was a boon companion with the dissipated wits of the day, deserted a lovely Hil'e, lived a profligate life, occasionally chequered with partial re- pentance, and died of a surfeit of pickled herrings and Rhenish wine. In his Groat's Worth of AVit bought with a Million of Repentance, written not long before his death, and other pieces of a similar character, he laments his profligate career and exhorts his former comij;inions to forsake their evil ways. His works, which consist of plays, poems, fictions, and tracts upon the manners of the day, are very numerous. Mr. Haslewood, in the Censura Literaria, x. 288-300, gives a list of forty-five, to which he adds five which have been ascribed to him ; and Mr. Octavius Gilchrist increases the catalogue (Ceus. Lit., x. 380} by the names of three more. Further information respecting his works will be found in the authorities cited below. The following is a list of the contents of the edit, of Greene's Works pub, iu 1S31, 2 vols. cr. Svo, by the Rev. A. Dyce: Vol. I. Account of Greene and his Writings; Orlando Furioso ; A Looking-GIass for London and England ; Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay; Specimen of the famous Historic of Fryer Bacon. 11. Alphonsus, King of Arra- gon ; James the Fourth; George-a-Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield; History of George-a-Greene; Ballad of the Jolly Finder of Wakefield, with Robin Hood, Scarlet, and John; Poems; Addenda, and Index to the Notes. Of the manner in which Mr. Dyce has discharged his editorial duties we have already had occasion to speak; see Dyce, Rev. Alexander. As an author, Greene's merits are undoubtedly considerable; and it is greatly to be regretted that he was not always in the moral vein which presents so striking a contrast to his loose habits. Wood does not speak of his productions with much respect: " He was a pastoral sonnet-maker, and author of several things whii.h were pleasing to men and women of his time. They made much sport, and were valued among scholars; but since, they have beeu mostly sold on ballad-mongers' stall s."^Ji(/s(i Oxon. We quote some more recent opinions : '•Those I have perused display a rich and glowing fancy, much origiuality and universal command of langu.ige, combined with an extensive knowledge of the world. Uis crowded similes are in unison with those of the period when he wrote, and prove him a disciple of the then fashionable Euphean sect; they are in sent^ral well selected, appositely Mpplied. and quaintly amuse while his moral instructs. He possessed considerable, if not first-rate, abili- ties, and it is inconsistent to measure either poetry or prose by any standard of criticism erected two centuries after the decease of the author."' — IIasllwood; Censura Literaria, ii. 288-300, q. v. "He had great vivacity of intellect, a very inventive inia^'ination, extensive reading, and his works abound with frequent and success- ful allusions to the Classics. It is surprising to see bow polished and how finished some of his pieces are when it is considered that he wrote most of them to supply his immediate necessities, and iu quick succession one to another."— Ji£L0E; Anec. of Lib. and ^arce Books. '■ It must be confessed that many of the prose tracts of Greene are licentious and indecent; but there are many also whose object is useful and whose moral is pure. They are written with great vivacity, several are remarkable for the most poignant raillery, all exhibit a glowing warmth of imagination, and many are inter- spersed with beautiful aud highly-polished specimens of his poetical powers. On those which are employed in exposing the machinations of his infamous associates, he seems to place a high value, justly considering their detection as an essential service due to his country; and be fervently thanks his God for enabling him so successfully to lay open the 'most horrible Coosenages of the common Cony-Catchers, Cooseners. and Crossi> Biters,' names which in those days designated the perpetrators of every species of deception and knavery. . . . Though most of the productions of Greene were written to supply the wants of the passing hour, vet the poetical effusions scattered through his works betray few marks of hast* or slovenlini-ss, and many of them, indeed, may be classed among the most polished and elegant of their day. To much warmth and fertility of fancy they add a noble strain of feelin" and enthusiasm, together with many exquisite touches of the p.v thetic. and so many impressive lessons of morality, as, in a great measure, to alone for the licentiousness of several of his prose tracts.'" — D&. Drake: Shakspeare and his limes, I iW, t;27. 733 GRE GRE "As a writer of novels and pamphlets, he is full of affectation, but geneniUy elegant, and sometimes eloquent: it is a misfortune wbich runs through his works, that he often imitated the popular but puerile allusions of Lily. His invention is poor from the want of a vigorous imagination, but his fancy is generally lively and graceful. In facility of expression, and in the flow of his blank verse, he is not to be placed below his contemporary Peele. His usual fault (more discoverable in his plays than in his poems) is an absence of simplicity; but his pedantic classical references, fre- quently without either t;iste or discretion, he had in common with the other scribbling scholars of the time. It was yhakspeare's good fortune to be in a great degree without the knowledge, and therefore, if on no other account, without the deffct." — J. Patne Collier: Hist, of Eng. Dram. Poet, iii. 153-154. " Professor Tieck. in the Preface to his Shakspeare's Vorschnle, says th:tt Greene had 'a happy talent, a clear spirit, and a lively imagination,' which, he adds, -chai-acterize all his writings.' I can bv no means concur in this praise to its full extent," &c. — Ibid., iii. 148. " Greene succeeds pretty well in that florid and gay style, a little redundant in images, which Shakspe-are frequently gives to his princes and courtiers, and which renders some unimpassioued scenes in his historic plays effective and brilliant. There is great talent shown, though upon a very strange canvas, in Greene's Looking-'i lass for London and England." — IIallam: Lit. Hist, of Earr-pe. ii. 173. Mr. Hallam speaks of Greene's novels as " deplorable specimens," and cites the Dorastus and Fawnia as an ex- ample of '■liuaint, affected, and empty Euphuism." — Tfiifh. ii. 218. "Greene's style is in truth most whimsical and grotesque. He lived before there was a good model of familiar pmse; and bis wit, like a stream that is too weak to force a channel for itself is lost in rhapsody and diffuseuess." — Thomas Campbell: Lives of the Eng. Poets. But this was not the judgment of his contemporaries. '• She does observe as pure a phrase, and use as choice figures in iier ordinaiy conversation, as any be i' th' Arcadia. '• CotIo. — Or rather in Greene's works, where she may steal with more security." And Oldys does not hesitate to style Greene " One of the greatest pamphleteers and refiners of our language in his time." *' He was obliged to have recourse t-o his pen for a maintenance: and indeed we think he is the first English poet that we have on record as writing for bread." — Biog. Dramat. But this is a position which cannot he demonstrated, though it has frequently been adopted as true by those who blindly follow authorities. In addition to the many au- thorities cited above, we also refer the reader to Winstan- ley's Eng. Poets ; Langbaine's Dram. Poets ; Whalley's ed. ofBen Jonson; British Bibliographer; Restituta; Collier's Poet. Deeam. J Ritson's Bibl. Poet; Berkenhout's Biog. Lit.; Gibber's Lives of the Poets; Dodsley's Collec. of Old Plays, edited by Collier; AVarton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; Retrosp. Rev.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Dunlap's Hist, of Fiction. A spe- cimen of Greene's poetical powers will be no unwelcome conclusion to this long article: "Sweete are the thoughts that savour of content, The quiet mind is richer than a crowne: Sweete are the nights in carelesse sluml>er spent, The poore estate scornes fortune's angry frowne: Such sweete content, such mindes, such sleepe, such bliss, Beggers injoy. when Princes oft doe miss." From Greene's Farewell to FoUie sent to Courtiers and ScJiolers, as a president to warne them from Die vaine ddighU tluit drawe ToiUh Vm. The Sound of a Voice uttered forth from the Mouutaine of the Lord of Hosts, Lon., 1663, -Ito. 734 Greene, Wm. Annals of George IIL, from his Ac- cession to the Victory of Trafalgar, 1807, 2 vols. 12mo. Greene, Wm. B., of Massachusetts. 1. The Doctrine of Life. 2. A Hypothetical Biography, kc. Greenfield, Nalh. Serm., 16151 "60. 8vo. Greenfield, Thomas. Epistles and Miscell. Poema, Lon., 1815, Svo. Greenfield, Wm. Algebra; Trans. Soc, Edin., 1788. Greenfield, Wm. 1. Comprehensive Bible, &e., Lon., 1827. cr. 4to, demy 4to, r. 4to, and imp. 4to. "It has deservedly i*eceived a large measure of public approba- tion." — Lowndt;s's Brit. Lib., q. v. 2. Novum Testamentum, &c., 1829, 48mo. '• The work does the highest honour to the editor's fidelity^ competent learning, and sound judgment." — Lon. Eclectic Itev.j Feb. 1832, vii. 160. See also Home's Bib. Bib., 29. 3. Polymicrian Lexicon to the N. Test,, 1829, 48mo. This is a companion to No. 2. 4. Book of Genesis, in English, Hebrew, &c., 2d ed. " It should be in the hands of all selftaught students." — Rev. R. W. Jelf : .Suggestions respecting the Neglect of the Hebrew Lan- guage as a Qiudification for HnUj Orders. 5. Book of the New Covenant, trans, from the Greek into Hebrew, 1831, fp. Svo, and 32mo. " Gieeiitield's philological labours are extraordinary; his transla* tion displays profound scholarship."' — Loivndes's Brit. Lift. A memoir of this profound scholar and excellent man will be found in the London Imperial Mag. for Jan. and Feb. 1834. Greenham, Richard, 1531-1591, a Puritan divine, Fellow of Pembroke Hall, Camb., Rector of Dry-Drayton. 1. Comfort, Ac, with two Letters, Lon., 1595, 24mo. 2. Two Serms., 1595, 8vo. 3. Afflicted Conscience, and two Serms., 1598. 4. Collected Works, by Henry Holland, 1599, 4to; 2d ed., same yearj 1601, fol.; with addits., 1605, '12, '81, fol. '•Christian Reader! thou hast here .all Maister Greenh-am's "Works, as they have been heretofore gathered and published by the Industrie of that worthy and painefuU Preacher, Maister llenry Holland." "Greenham on Psalm csix., in his works, is admirable, for the time in which it was written, both for method and style; and, like all the productions of this author, is full of spiritual unction." —Dr. E. Waiiams's C. P. "Greenham excelled in experimental divinity, and knew how to stay a weak conscience — how to raise a fallen — how to strike a remorseless one." — Bisbop Uall. "On Mr. Gree.nham's Book of the Sadbath. " ^hileGreenham writeth on the Sabbath's rest, His Soul enjoys not what bis pen exprest: His work enjoys not what itst-lf doth say, For it shall never find one resting day. A thousand hands shall toss each page and line, "Which shall be scanned by a thousand eyne. This Sabbath's rest, or that .Sabbath's unrest, 'Tis hard to say wbich is the happiest." — Bisiiop IIaix. See Clarke's Lives, at the end of his Martyrology; Brook's Lives of the Puritans. Greenhill, Joseph, 1. The Prophecies, Lon., 1755, Svo. 2. Occas. Serms., 1755, '56, '67, '68, 71, *73, '74. 3. Occas. Letters, 17S0, Svo. Greenhill, Thomas. 1. The Art of Embalming, &c., Lon., 1705, 4to. 2. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1700, '05. Orcenhill was one of thirty-nine children by one father and mother. Greenhill, Wm., d. 1677? one of the Westminster Assembly of Divines; Pteetor of Stepney, 1656; ejected at the Restoration. 1. Serm., Lon.. 1643, 4to. 2. Expos, of Ezekiel, 1645-62, 5 vols. 4to. First ed. seldom found complete. A second ed. of vol. i. appeared in 1649. New ed., revised and corrected by James Sherman, 1837, imp. Svo. '* Like all the productions of the Puritans, it is evangelical, and stored with the knowledge of the Scriptures; but. like the most of them, it is distinguished by its sound doctiiual and practical views, rather than by the elegance of the composition or the critical acumen of the reasonings and illustrations." — Orme's Bibl. Bib. '•Very full of doctiine aud use." — BicJ-rrstHh's C. S. "The Loudon reprint is very neatly executed." — Home's Bibl. Bib. 3. Several Serms., 1671. Svo. 4. Serm., 1677, 4to. Greenhow, Robert, M.D., 1S00-1S54, a native of Richmond, Virginia, was fur some time translator to the Department of State at Washington, J). C, and subse- quently Associate Law Agent to the United States Com- mission for the determination of Cnlifornia claims, sitting at San Francisco. 1. Memoir on the Northwest Coast of North America, N. York, 1840, Svo. 2. Hist, of Oregon and California, 1846, Svo. This is an enlarged ed. of No. 1. It is a work of high authority. Greening, Henry. 1. Forms of Declarations. Ac, Lon., 1837, 12mo; 2d ed., 1853, 12mo : see 1 Jurist, 545; QtSM GRE 14 Leg. Obs., 219. 2. Selections of Leading Statutes. 1842- 4j). Svo : see 6 Jurist, 51. 3. Common Law Rules of Hilary Term, 1853, 12mo. Greenlaw, A. Serm.. Lon., 1794. 4to. Greeulcaf, Benjamin, b. ITSii.at Haverhill, Mass., • gra'l. D;irtm..uth Coll., 1S13. The National, The Introduc- tion or Cumniua School, and Mental, Arithmetics, Boston, 1S40. Algebra, 1852. Practical Surveying. Greenleaf, F. Abridgt, of Burn'^s Justice.. Bost., 1773. Greenlcaf, Rev. Joua. Sketches of Eccles. Hist. of MaiuL-. IS21, 12mo. Greenleaf, Moses, d. 1834, aged 55, at Williams- burg, Maine. 1. A Statistical View of the District of Maine, Bost., 1816, Svo. Reviewed by B. Rand in N. Amer. Rev., iii. 3fi2-425. 2. A Survey of the State of Maine. Portland. 1S29, Svo, and Atlas. Greenleaf, Simon, LL.D., 1783-1853, a native of Newburyport, Mass., was the son of a captain in the Revolutionary Army, and a connection on the mother's side of the family of the late Chief-Justice Parsons ; com- menced the practice of the law in Standii^h, Maine, 1806, and iu the same year removed to Gray, where he remained for twelve years; removed to Portland, 1818; appointed Reporter of the Supreme Court of Maine. 1820-32; suc- ceeded Prof. Ashmun as Royall Prof, of Law in the Dane Law School, 1S33 : transferred to the Dane Professorship, vacant by the death of Judge Story. 1S46 ; resigned this post in consequence of failing health, 1S48. Mr. (rreen- leaf left a widow, to whom he was married in 1806, and two sons and two daughters, the only remaining mem- bers of a large family of children. Professor Greenleaf's principal works are — 1. A Full Collection of Cases, Over- ruled, Denied, Doubted, or Limited in their application, taken from American and English Reports, Portland, 1S21; 3ded.,by E. Hammond. N. York, 1840. Mr. Green- leaf was induced to prepare this work in consequence of having relied upon a decision which was proved to have been overruled. '•Mr. Greeuleaf will have rendered tx) his profession a most eminent service if, by preseDtiug so many examples of corrected error, he shall induce liis brethren to examine decisions without fear, and the courts to revise them without reluctance." — T. Met- CALF : N. Am^r. Rev., xv. 65-72, q. v. : also vol. xxii. 30. " I am glad to hear that )-our Overruled Cases are printed. I want to get a copy, and interleave it. so as to provide gradually for a uew edition. ... I send you an additional list of late over- ruled cases, which you can use when you have occasion. I mean to enlarge it from time to time, as I read and write." — Judge &TORY. Dec. 11, 18*.il: Slonfs Life and Ldters, i. 404. *-The second edition purported to be by Professor Greenleaf, but he had nothing to do with either the second or third : and all additions, since the first, are by other hands." — Marvin^s Leg. BibL. 34S. See also Bentham's Legislation, by Neal, 61 ; MS. note iu Overruled Cases in Dane Law Library. 2. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Ct. of Maine, 1820- 31. Hallowell and Portland, 1822-35, 9 vols. Svo. New ed., with Notes and References to later Decisions, by E. H. Bennett, Bost., 1852, 9 vols, in 8, Svo. The Digest of 1st ed. was pub. in 9lh vol., and also separately, Portland, 1835, Svo. '* You must not feel too anxious about your Reports. A young author is apt to be unduly sensitive as to the fate of his produc- tions. I have no doubt as to the success of yours; and I am sure that the profession will join heartily' in your favour." — Jldoe Story, Dec. 11, 1821 : Story's Life ami Utters, i. 404. '■ Mr. Greenleaf is of the order of compendious reporters. He is lucid and direct in his statement i)f oases; his arguments of course are arranged with logical! exactness and a well-conceived brevity, which give us their outline well, and yet without any siuuosities. He is happy in his discrimination of the fmas of the reasoning and his consequent exposition of it. Mr. Greenleaf is always concise, while throughout he never fliils to be just; and this is no small praise, when the longest or most important case in the volume will be found to allow not above two pat^es to the argument of counsel." — N. Amer. Rev., xxii. 27-34 : notice of vol. ii. See 4 Amer. Jur.. 133; xiv. 23S; 2 U. S. Lit. Gaz.,403; 1 U. S. Rev. and Lit. Gaz., 150. 3. A Treatise on the Law of Evidence, vol. :., 1842, ii., 1846, iii,, 1853. VoL i. has reached the Jth ed. ; vol. ii. the 4th ed. ; vol. iii. the 2d ed. Before the ap- pearance of this work, the American Bar was dependent upon the manuals of Starkie and Phillips. Mr. Green- leaf's treatise took at once, and has ever since maintained, the highest rank. " I am glad to hear that you are going on with your work on Evidence, which I shall look to with deep interest as a noble con- tribution to the common stock of the school."' — Judge Stort, Keb. 6, 1840 : Stfyri/s Life and Letters, ii. 328. "It is no mean honour to America that her schools of juris- prudence have produced two of the first writers and best-esteemed legal authorities of this century ; the great and good man [Judge Story] who has just been taken from us, and his worthy and eminent associate. Professor Greenleaf. Upon the existing Law of Contracts, at>d the Law of Kvidence, more light has shone from the New "World than from all the lawyers who adorn the courts of Europe." — Lon. Law Mag. And see Warren's Law Stu., 2d ed., 755, 756 ; 27 Amer. Jur., 237, 379 ; 5 Law Rev., 49; vi. 521 ; ix. 90 ; 1 Pa. L. J., 158; Duer on Insur., 170, n. ; Joy on Confessions, App. B. 4. Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangel- ists, by the Rules of Evidence administered in Courts of Justice. "With an Account of the Trial of Jesus, &c., 1846, Svo; Lon., 1847, Svo. *'Our grateful acknowledgments are respectfully tendered to Professor Greenleaf for these his labours. We the more value them because they regard »ia(i(Ts of fact, which they treat of naturally and appositely, just as such topics ought to be handled." — Christian Reformer. '■The work is inscribed to the members of the legal profession ; but it will be found equally interesting to clergymen, and to all others who may be disposed to examine the subject." — Advert. '* He [Judge Story] had studied the evidences of Christianity with professional closeness and care, and had given to them the testimony of his fall assent ; and he has often been heard to de- clare, that,m his judgment, the great facts of the gospel history were attested In/ a mass of evidence which, in any court of law, woidd be perfectly satisfactory and crmclusive.'^ — Prof. Greenleaf's JJiscovrse commemorative of the Life and Character of the Hon. Joseph Story, LL.D. 5. Cruise's Digest, &c. : see Cruise, Wm. We also notice — 6. A Disci>urse pronounced at the Inauguration of the author as Royall Professor of Law iu Harvard Univ., Aug. 26, 1834, Bost, 1834. Svo. 7. A Discourse commemorative of the Life and Character of the Hon. Joseph Story, LL.D., Jkc, 1845, Svo. This is an eloquent tribute to the merits of a truly great man, between whom and his eulogist there existed ties of the closest intimacy and of the most endearing eharaeter. Associated intimately for thirteen years in the Dane Law School, the friendship and attachment with which they had entered upon tho joint discharge of their duties invigorated and enlivened their arduous efforts for the benefit of the institution whose prosperity they had so much at heart. It was at the instance of Judge Story that his friend was called to supply the place ; but we shall do injustice to the suliject by using any other language than that which has already been eloquently employed upon this theme: " Our connection has been to me. indeed, a source of inexpres- sible pleasure and satisfaction. I recollect, with pride, that when Professor Ashmun died my thoughts turned upon you as the man of all others best fitted to supply his place ; and the corpora- tion, with an unanimity and promptitude which deserve the highest commendation, seconded the choice. . . . But for you the School would never have attained its present rank. Your learn- ing, your devotion to its interests, your untiring industry, your steadfast integrity of purpose and action, have imparted to all our efforts a vigour and ability, without which, I am free to say, that I should have utterly despaired of success. Nay, more: but for your constant co-operation and encouragement in the common task I should have drooped and lingered by the way.tide. But what I dwell on with peculiar delight, is the consciousness that we have never been rivals, but iu working together have gone hand in hand throughout; that not a cloud has ever passed over our mutual intercourse, and that we have lived as brothers should live: and, I trust iu God, we shall die such. . , . Most truly and affectionately, " Your faithful friend, "Joseph Stort. "Cambridge, January 6. 1842." Story's Life and Inters, ii.. 409-411. Many of the facts recorded in Prof. Greenleaf's Discourse on the Life and Character of Judge Story (see No. 7, fuite) will be found in his biographical sketch of this eminent jurist in The National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans. Of this sketch Judge Story remarks, in a letter to the author, dated April 15, 1835, *■! think it one of the most finished and elegant compositions I ever read, and I am only too conscious that the main attractions of the picture you have drawn are due to the skill and touching kindness of the artist.'' — Story's Life and Letters, ii. 197. Greenleaf, Thomas, Laws of New York, 1777- 97, X. York, 1797. 3 vols. Svo. Greenly, Lady Cottiu. Prac. Serms. for every Sunday in the Y'ear, 5th ed., Lon., 1843, 2 vols. 12mo. These admirable sermons have hitherto been published without the writer's name, and many thousand copies have been sold. '•They were constantly read in the families of Dr. TTuntingford, late Bishop of II(.Mef:ird. and of Dr. Van Mildert. late Bishop of Durham, the latter of whom often regretted he could not discover the author, tliat he might distinguish him by preferment in the Church, concluding the sermons to have been written by a clergy* man of no common ability." — Preface to the oth Edition. I Greenongh, G. B. Geology, Lon., 1819, Svo. Grcenough, Horatio, 1806-1852, an eminent Ame- ^ rican sculptor, was a native of Boston, Mass. For the particulars of his career as an artist, and a specimen of 735 GRE iiam and his merits as an niilhor, we refer the reaJer to A Memorial of rloratio lireetKiiigh, consisting of a Memoir, and Selec- tions from his Writings, — Essays on Art, &c. — by Henry T. Tuclscrnian. N. York, 1853, 12mo. Greensted, Francis. Fugitive Piece^s. 1797, Svo. Greeimpi J. Human Liberty, Lon., 17;il, Svo. Greenville, Granville, or Grenvillc, Denis, D.D., d. at Paris, 1703, a son of Bevil Greenville, and brother of Sir John Greenville, was installed Dean of Durham in 1684, and deprived of his preferments in 1690, in eonsequence of his refusal lo aclinowledge Wi Mary. He pub. several theolog. treatises, serms, 1684-89. ^ „ ,, . ,, " In higotry for restoration of James II. he probal)ly excelled all his contemporaries." , " You h.Hd an uncle whose memory I shall ever revere : make him vour example. Sanctity sate so easy, so unaffected, and so Kraceful upon him, that in him we beheld the very beauty of holi- ness."— Lono Lansdowne : in a Letter to Dean Greenville s nephew. See Gen. Diet. ; Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Hutchin- son's Durham; Comber's Life of Comber. Greenville, George. See 6n.\NviLi,E. Greenway, Dr. James, of Dinwiddle county, Vir- ginia. Agricult., Ac. con. to Trans. Amer. Soc., iii. 226, 231-234. Greenwood, 'i'oung Artist's Guide to the Use of the Black-Lead Pencil, Lon., ob. 8vo. "In this work the author has sou[.'ht to exhibit freedom of pen- cilling in preference to a style of finished neatness."— XltdicalioTi to Sir M. A. Sliee. ,_ ,„ , t Greenwood, Abr. Address to Young People, Lon., 1796, 12mo. Greenwood, Itev.Charles, b. 1821, at Greenwood, N. Hampshire. The Child and the Man; or. Children, the Sabbath School, and the World. With an Introduc. by Rev. E. N. Kirk, Eost., 185.'), 12mo. •' It cannot be read without quickening Christian activities, and should be widely circulated."— jVof/onuf J/u;/. Greenwood, Daniel. Serms., 1672, 'SO. Greenwood, Francis William Pitt, D.D., 1797- 1843, a native of Boston, educated at Harvard, became pastor of the New South Church, Boston, travelled in Europe, and subsequently settled in Baltimore, and in 1824 was made associate minister of King's Chapel. Bos- ton. 1. Chapel Liturgy. Bost., 1827, 12mo. 2. Psalms and Hymns, 1S30. 3. Hist, of King's Chapel, Boston, 1833, 12nio. 4. Serms. to Children. 5. Lives of the Twelve Apostles, 1838, '46. 6. Serms. of Consolation, 1842, '47 : see Christian Examiner; Christian Register. 7. Serms. on various subjects, 2 vols. 8vo. 8. Miscella- neous Writings edited by his son, 1846, 12mo. Dr. G. was at one time editor of The Unitarian Miscellany, and in 1837 and 1838 was an associate editor of The Christian Examiner, to which he was a frequent contributor for many years. Greenwood, Col. George. 1. Hints on Horse- manship, Lon., 16mo. 2. Cavalry Sword Exercise, 1840, 12mo. 3. The Tree-Lifter; or, a New Method of Trans- planting Forest Trees, 1844, Svo. '•An ingenious treatise, explanatory of a simple, but, as we should suppose, an efficient, machine for raising trees of large size, with a considerable liole of earth round them, so that their roots may not receive injury." — Britannia. Greenwood, Grace. See Lippincott, Saba Jane. Greenwood, Henry. 1. Day of Judgment, &c., Lon., 1614, Svo. 2. Seven Tracts or Serms., 1628, Svo. 3. Serm., 1634, Svo. 4. Works, 13th ed., 1650, 12mo. Greenwood, Isaac, Prof, of Mathematics at Cam- bridge, New England. Astronom., &c. con. to Phil. Trans., 1728. Greenwood, J. B. CoUec. of Statutes and Parts of Statutes. Ac, Lon., 1830, 12mo. Greenwood, James. 1. London Vocabulary and Eng. Gram., Lon., 1711, '29, ]2mo. Praised by Bicker- staff in the Taller. 2. The Virgin Muse, 1717, '22. 12mo. Greenwood, James. A Rhapsody, Lon., 1776, 4to. Greenwood, John, a Puritan, executed at Tyburn, with Hen. Barrow, April 6, 1593, pub. some theolog. trea- tises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. Greenwood, Nic. Astronomia Anglicana; contain- ing an absolute and entire Piece of Astronomy in three books, Lon., 1689, fol. Greenwood, Thomas. Theolog. works, Lon., 1832, A-c. Greenwood, Will. A Description of the Passion of Love, kc, Lon., 1657, Svo. The author h.a3 " Unmercifully stolen matter without any acknowledgment from Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.'" — .\NTnoNY Wood. Greenwood, Wm. 1. Curia ge'liVls. GRE 8th ed., 16S0, 12mo. 3. County Courts, ic, 1668, '75, 1722, Svo; 9th ed., 1730, Svo. Greenivood, Wm., D.D. Harmony of the Evan- lisls, Lon., 1766, 12mo. Other works. Grecpe, Thomas. Exploytcs of Syr Frauncis Drake, Lon 1587. 4to. White Knights, 1909, £10. Greer, Mrs. J. 11. 1. Quakerism: or, The Story of my Life, Lon., 1851, '52. p. Svo. 2. The Society of Friends; a Domestic Narrative, 1852, '54, 2 vols. p. Svo. GreByn, W. See Gkiffith. Greg, John, or William. See GniOG. Greg, or Gregg, Rev. John Anthony.^ 1. The Solitary Frenchman; a Poem, trans. 1784, '94, Svo. 2. Hierogamy. 1801, Svo. Greg, Thomas. 1. Letter rel. to Ploughing heavy and wet Land, Lon., 1809, Svo. 2. Report of his System of Farmini', ISIO, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Greg, W. Rathbone. The Creed of Christendom, Lon., 1851. Svo. Commended by the Westminster Review, Prospective Review, Economist, Ac. Gregg, F. 1. Law, Ac. of E'kruptcy, Lon., 1826, '38, Svo. 2. New B'krupt Act, 1826, Svo. 3. Law, Ac. of B'kruptcy as regards Meetings, Ac, 1838, 12mo. 4. Costs in B'kruptcy, 2d ed., 1838, 12mo. Gregg, Josiah. Scenes and Incidents in the Western Prairies. New ed., Phila., 1856. Gregg, T.D., Chaplain of St. Nicholas Within, Dublin. 1. Discuss, with T. Maguire, Dubl., 1839, Svo. 2. Protest- ant Ascendency Vindicated, Dubl., 1840, 12ino. 3. Serms., 1846, Svo. 4. Free Thoughts on Protestant Matters, 2d ed., 1847, p. Svo. Gregor, Francis, M.P. for Cornwall, d. 1815, aged 55, pub. three polit. pamph., lSlO-12. Gregor, Rev. Wm., pub. two serms., 1805, '09, and con. geological papers to Phil. Trans., Ac. 1805-15. Gregory, Arthur. 1. L'Abridgt. des Cases, Ac, Lon., 1599, 12mo. 2. The Moot-Book, Ac, trans, into Eng., and enlarged by W. Hughes, 1663, 4to. Gregory, David, 1661-1708, a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, a nephew of James Gregory, Prof, of Mathematics in the Univ. of St. Andrew's, succeeded his uncle at the early .age of twenty-three, and in 1691 was elected Savilian Prof, of Astronomy at Oxford. He pub. works on Geo- metry, Astronomy, Ac, in Latin, 1684-1703, and contri- buted a number of papers to Phil. Trans., 1694-1704. 1. Astronomiie, PhysicaB, et Geometria; Elcmenta, Oxon., 1702. fol. In Eng., with addits. by E. Stone, 1713, '26, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Euclidus Opera omnia, Gr. et Lat., Oxf., 1703, fol. See Biog. Brit. ; Button's Diet. ; EncycBrit. ; Letters by Eminent Persons. We shall have occasion to notice several of the members of this distinguished family, the most illustrious in the ann.als of British science. For two centuries the name of Gregory has accumulated fresh honours with each succeeding generation, and sixteen of the family have held British professorships. Whilst the subject of this memoir was Professor of Mathematics at Oxford, his brother James occupied the same post at Edin- burgh, and another brother, Charles, discharged similar duties at St. Andrew's. Here is nobility, indeed, far out- shiniug " The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power. And all that lieautv, all that wealth e'er gave!" Gregory, Duncan Farquharson, d. 1844, aged 30, Fellow and Sub-Lecturer of Trin. Coll., Camb., a distin- guished mathematician, was a descendant of James Gre- gory, (1639-1675,) the celebrated author of the Reflecting Telescope, the son of James Gregory, M.D., (1753-1.'<21,) Prof, of Medicine in the Univ. of Edinburgh, and the brother of William Gregory, M.D., until his death Prof, of Chemistry in Univ. of Edinburgh. He pub. a work of great merit on The Differential and Integral Calculus, Lon., 1841, Svo; 2d ed., by W. Walton, 1846. Svo; and left un- finished a work, afterwards completed and pub. liy W. Walton, on the Application of Analysis to Solid Geometry, 1846, Svo; 2d ed., 1853, 8vo. Mr. Gregory was one of the chief projectors of the Cambridge Mathematical Journal,-- a work of European reputation, — and its principal contri- butor until the time of his decease. Gregory, Edmond. An Historical Anatomy of Christian Mcl.ancholy, with a Meditation on John ix. 4, Lon., 1646, 12mo. Gregory, F. The Human Soul, 1704, 4to. Gregory, Francis, D.D., Rector of Hamhlcdon, Bucks, pub. several serms., a Greek school-book, Ac, 1660-98. , ^ . , Gregory, George, D.D., 1754-1808, son of an Irish Lon., 1657, 12mo. 73S ,,... .. .-.,,.. Comitatus Rediviva, ' clergyman, became Curate of St. Giles, Cripplegate, Lon- 2. County Judicatures, 1664, '75, Svo; ' don, in 1782, and in 1804 was presented to the living of GRE GRE West Ham, Essex. He pub. several theolog. and literary works, among the principal of which are the following: 1. Trans, of Lowth's Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews, Lon., 1787, 1810, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1847, cr. 8vo. See Lowth, Robert. D.D. 2. Serms., 1787, '89, Svo. " A pleasing specimen of that kind of manly eloquence which compasses its end without loss of words." — Lnn. Month. Rev. 3. Life of T. Chatterton. 1789, Svo. Also in Biog. Brit. 4. Hist, of the Christian Church to 1788-90, 2 vols. 12mo,- 1794-95, 2 vols. Svo. Grant, in his Hist, of the Christian Church, calls this work an excellent abridgment of Mosheim. 5. Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 1S06, 2 Tols, 4to. 6. Lectures on Exper. Philos., Astron., and Chem., 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Letters on Literature, Taste, and Composition, 1810, 2 vols. 12mo. Dr. G. was for many years editor of the New Annual Register. Gregory, George. Arithmetic, ^c, Lon., 1814, '15. Gregory, George, M.D., d. 1853, Lecturer of St. Thomas's Hospital, London, 1. Elements of the Theory and Prac. of Physic, 2d ed., improved, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. Svo; 6th ed., 1846, Svo. 2. Lects. on Eruptive Fevers, 1843, Svo. Gregory, James, 1639-1675, the first of the long line of great men of an illustrious family, (see Gregouv. David,) was a native of Aberdeen, and educated at the grammar school of that place and at Marischal College. In 1663 he pub. his Optima promota, in which he gave an account of his discovery of the reflecting telescope. He subse- quently gave to the world Vera Circuli et Hyperbolae Quad- ratura, Patav., 1667, 4to ; Escercitationes Geometries?, Lon., 1668, '78, 4to: and some other publications. In 1668 he was elected Prof, of Mathematics in the Univ. of St. Andrew's, and in 1674 was called to the same chair in the Univ. of Edinburgh. He was a friend of Sir Isaac Newton, who highly valued his remarkable genius. See Biog. Brit. ; Hutton's Diet; Martin's Biog. Philos. ; Pref. to Dr. John Gregory's Works, edit. 17S8, 4 vols. 12mo. Gregory, James, M.D., 1753-1821, a native of Aber- deen, Prof, of the Prac. of Medicine in the Univ. of Edin- burgh, was a descendant of the preceding, and the father of the late Duncan F. Gregory, of Trin. Coll., Camb., who displayed, even at the early age at which he died, the re- markable mathematical genius which distinguished his great ancestor, and many of his successors for the last two centuries. See Gregory, David. 1. Dissertatio Medica, Ac., Edin., 1774, Svo. 2. Conspectus Medicinae Theoretics in usum Academicum, 1780-82, 2 vols. Svo. There have been several new edits. — 1836, '37, '33, '50 — with addits. by Steggall and Venables. This, with the First Four Books of Celsus, comprise the entire Latin Classics required for Examination at Apothecaries' Hall, London. 3. Philos. and Literary Essays, 1793, Svo. 4. Memorial, ISOO, 4to ; 1803, Svo. 5. Cullen's First Lines of the Practice of Physic, with Notes, 7th ed., 2 vols. Svo. See Cullen, Wm. 6. Theory of the Moods of Verbs; Trans. Sue, Edin., 1790. Gregory, John, 1607-1646, a learned divine, a native of Buckinghamshire, was educated at Christ Church, Ox- ford ; Chaplain to Bishop Duppa, 163S ; Preb. of Salisbury, 1641 ; deprived at the Rebellion. 1. Notes and Observ. on some Passages of Scripture, Oxf., 1646, 4to; Lon., 1660, '65, '71, 'S3. This work is the first part of the Posthuma. It was trans, into Latin, and remitted into the Critica Sacra. 2. Gregorii Posthuma, with Life, pub. by John Gurgany, 1649, '50, '61, '65, 71, '83, '84, 4to. Part 1 is composed of the Notes, Ac. above; Part 2 consist of eight pieces: two discourses, one serm., two theolog. treatises, a tract upon Time, one upon the Assyrian Monarchy, and one upon the Terrestrial Globe. *'This volume contains things learned, curious, and fanciful. The author possessed a considerable portion of learning, but was very eccentric in his tlights. Some of the notes are important, and contain a good deal of rabbinical lore. The Dissertation and plates, on the Boy-bishop and the Monk-fish, are curious, and ex- hibit some of the follies of former times, ilis discussions on the Song of the Bow, the Golden Mice, the Silver Shrines, and Cain's Thau, or mark, show how much erudition may be needlessly ex- pended on very trifling subjects. The book is still worth having, but at no great expense." — Orme's Bill. Bib. In 1G34 he pub. a 2d ed. in4to, with Notes, of Sir Thomas Ridley's View of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Law. He also wrote a tract, entitled Alkibiay, '*in which he endea- voured to vindicate the antiquity of worshipping towards the eastj" and left three pieces in MS., trans, by him from Greek into Latin, which were pub. by Edward Bysshe in his own name, q. v. Gregory also left, in MS., Observa- tiones, Ac. Johauuis Malelie Chronographia; and he in- tended to have pub. a Latin trans, of that author, with annotations. "The miracle of his age for critical and curious learning."— Athrn. Oxon^ q. v. **IIe attained to be an exquisite linguist and general scholar; his modesty setting the greater lustre on his learning." — Fuller's Worthies, q. v. See also Life prefixed to Gregorii Posthuma; Gen. Diet.; Biog. Brit.; Lloyd's Memoirs; Fuller's Worthies. Gregory, John, Archdeacon of Gloucester. Discourse of the Morality of the Sabbath, Lon., 1681, Svo. Gregory, John, 1724-1773, M.D., a native of Aber- deen, grand-nephew of James Gregory, the inventor of the reflecting telescope, studied medicine at Edinburgh, Ley- den, and Paris, and on his return from the continent was appointed Prof, of Philosophy in King's Coll., Aberdeen; Prof, of Physic in the same institution, 1756-66; Prof, of Physic in the Univ. of Edinburgh, 1766-73. 1. Compara- tive View of the State and Faculties of Man with those of the Animal World, Lon., 1765, '76, 12mo; 1766, Svo; 1774, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Observ. on the Duties, Offices, and Qualifications of a Physician, »tc., 1770. '72, Svo. 3. Ele- ments of the Prac. of Physic, Edin., 1772, Svo. Left im- perfect. The part relating to Febrile Diseases was repub., Lon., 1774, Svo. 4. A Father's Legacy to his Daughters, 1774, 12mo. New ed., 1813. Trans, into French and Italian by John Sivrac, 1794, 12mo. "These letters were written by a tender father in a decliuing state of hefilth for the instruction of his daughters. They contain a rich treasure of admonition and advice." — Etiit'tr's Preface. 5. Whole Works, with Life by Mr. Tytler, (since Lord Woodhouselee.J Edin., 17SS, 4 vols. cr. Svo. Another ac- count of Dr. Gregory's Life was written by Wm. Smellie, and pub. with his Lives of Kames, Hume, and Smith, ISOn. Svo. Gregory, John Mark. 1. Geography and Ilist. of Moses. Edin.. 1702, 4to. 2. Sepulchres of the Ancients and their Munuments, Lon., 1712. Gregory, Joseph. Hist. Discourses. Lon., 1792, Svo. Gregory, Olinthus Gilbert, LL.D., 1774-1841, a native of Yaxley. Huntingdonshire, became mathematical master of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in 1S02, and subsequently attained the Professor's chair, which he resignetl in 1838 in consequence of failing health. His first work, pub. at the age of nineteen, was entitled (1) Lessons, Astronomical and Philosophical, for the Amusement and Instruction of British Youth, Lon., 1793, '97, 12mo: 4th ed., 1S13. *' An excellent little book, worthy of all the popularity it has acquired." — Goodhugh's Lib. Man. Among his other works are — 2. Astronomy, 1802, Svo. 3. Mechanics, 1806, '07, '15, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Trans, of Hauy's Nat. Philos., 1807, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Letters to a Friend on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the Christian Religion, ISlo, 2 vols. 12rao ; 9th ed., 1851, 12mo. By the Lon. Rel. Tract Soc, 1853, ISmo. *' He has united with extraordinary attainments in the severer sciences the art of recommending his sentiments with imprtssive effect; and he exhibits, in an eminent degree, the most important ingredients of good writing. . . . We are acquainted with no book in the circle of English literature which is equally calculated to give young persons just views of the evidence, the nature, and the importance of revealed religion." — Kobebt IIall: Lo7i. £clectic Hev.; and see Hall's collected writings, ed. 1Sd3, vol. iv. 144. 6. Elements of Plane and Spher. Trigonometry, 1816, 12mo. 7. Mathemat. for Prac. Men, 1825, Svo; 3d ed., 1848, Svo. 8. Memoir.s, &c. of J. M. Good, M.D., 1S2S, Svo. " It is truly refi'eshing to turn from the drivelling autobiogra- phies of the day to this interesting volume." — Spirit and Manners of the Age, March, 1S28. 9. Hutton's Mathemat. Tables, with 7 addit. Tables, 1S30, 8vo. 10. Hutton's Course of Mathemat., by 0. Gregory and T. S. Davies, 12th ed., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. 11. Hints to the Teachers of Mathemat., 1840, 12mo. Dr. G. was the editor of Pantalogia, (see Good, John Mason, M.D.,) and from 1S17 had the superintendence of the almanacs pub. by the Stationers' Company of London, a duty in which he succeeded Dr. Huttun. A biographical sketch of Dr. Gregory will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag. for April, 1841. Gregory, Thomas. Serms., Ac, 1694, '96, 1708, all Svo. Gregory, Wm, Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1738. Gregory, Wm. Journal of a Captured Missionary, :r. Greswell, William Parr, Incumbent of Denton, parish of Manchester, father of the Rev. Edward Gres- well. (see ante,) d. 1S5-1, aged 89. 1. Memoirs of Angelus Politianus, kc, Manches.. 1801, '05, 8vo. "An elei:antly-written and hi^hly-interestintr work." — Horne. 2. Annals of Parisian Typography, 181S, 8vo. 3. A View of the Early Parisian Greek Press. Edited by bis son, Edward Greswell, Oxf., 1833, 2 vols. 8vo. Bruuet remarks of these two works: "Ces deux ouvraiTL's sont des compilations qui ne renferment presque aucuu fait ntiuveau. et oil nous avons remarque bien des inexactitudes. Neanmoins. lis se font lire avec inteiet.' — ManuH du Lihraire. (£c. '■Those who love to peruse such (bibliographical) researches will find a rich treat in these volumes." — Lfji. AthPDfrum . "It displays f;reat learning and research." — Lon. Lit. GazdU. 4. A Sequel to No. 3. This was suppressed. 5. The Monastery of St. Werburg ; a Poem, with Notes, 1S23, 8vo. GreJtbn, George, D.D. A Charge, Lon., 1812. Gretton, Phillip*'., D.D. Serms..*tc.,1725-32,all8vo. Greville, Brit. India Analyzed, Lou.. 1793. 3 vols. 8vo. Greville, Kl. Hon. Charles. Con. on Nat. Philos. to Phil. Trans.. 1798. 1803, and Nicb. Jour., 17il9. 1803. Greville, Mrs. Frances, was a daughter of James Macartney, the wife of Fulke Greville, and the mother of the celebrated beauty, Mrs. Crewe, and of Capt. Wil- liam Fulke Greville. She wrote, about 1753, a short poem, entitled Prayer for Indifference, which obtained wide popularity, aud elicited several responses, of which the best-known is that by the Countess of C , pre- sumed to be Isabella, Countess of Carlisle, who died in 1793. Greville, Fwike, Fulk, or Fonlk, Lord Brooke, 155i-162S, was son to Sir Fulke Grevill, of Beauchamp Court, in Warwickshire. He was entered of Trinity Col- lege, Cambridge, and subsequently completed his studies at Oxford. After attaining distinction at court and being honoured by a seat at the Privy Council, he was assassi- nated by one of bis domestics, named Ralph Hey wood. He was so much attached to an illustriuus contemporary poet that he styled himself on bis tombstone "The Friend of Sin Philip SinNKv:"and he wrote — 1. Tiie Life of the renowned Sir Philiji Sidney, pub. in 1(152, 12mo. Reprinted by Sir Egertuu Brydges at the private press of Lee Priory, Kent, 1816, 2 vols.r. Svo. 2. A Letter to an Hon. Lady. 3. A Letter of Travell. 4. Cielica; a collection of 109 Songs. 5. A Treatise of Human Learn- ing, in 15 stanzas. 6. An Inqui.sition upon Fame and Honour, in 86 stanzas. 7. A Treatise of Warres, in 68 stanzas. S. Alaham ; a Tragedy. 9. Mustapha; a Tra- gedy. These tragedies, with a Letter to a Lady and the Poems mentioned above, were pub. in a " squab folio," Lon., 1633, under the title of Certaine Learned and Ele- gant Workes of the Right Honourable Fulke, Lord Brooke, written in his Youth, and Familiar Exercise with Sir Philip Sidney. Some of the smaller pieces had appeared in England's Helicon, 1600. 10. A Speech in Parliament, recorded by Lord Bacon. 11. Remains; being Poems on Morality and Religion, 1670, 8vo. The two following have been ascribed to him, but are disputed; — 12. Five Yeares of King James, 1643, '51, 4to. 13. M. Tullius Cicero ; a Tragedy. Lord Brooke's works, whatever their merits, are certainly not of that character which can com- mand attention beyond their own age. '• A man of much note iu his time, hut one of those admired wits who have lost much of their reputation in the eyes of pos- terity. A thousand accidents of birth, court-favour, or popularity, concur sometimes to gild a slender proportion of merit."— HW- polf's R. t£ iV. Authors. "Notwithstanding Lord Orford's detracting estimate of this nobleman, he appears to have had a taste for all kinds of polite learning, though his inclination as well as his genius led him par- ticularly to poetry and history: and Phillips or Milton [Theatrum Poetarum] remarks, that in all his poems is observable a close. mysterious, and sententious way of writing, but without much regard to elegancy of style or smoothness of verse." — Park. " The author has been so careful [in Mustapha] in observing the Rules of Aristotle and Horace, that whereas Horace says, ' Neo quarta loqui persona laboret,' he has in no scene throughout introduced above two .Speakers, except in the Chorus between each Act: and even there he ob- serves all the Rules laid down by that great Master in the Art of Poetry." — Latif/b'iitif^'.^ Dramatick B:>ets. Bolton, in his Hypercritica, styles this tragedy the " Matchless Mustapha ;" and Davies of Hereford inscribed fourteen lines **to the immortal memory and deserved honour of the writer of the tragedy of Mustapha." Sir Philip Sidney thus welcomes his two " worthy friends and fellow-poets, Sir Edward Dyer and Mr. Fulke Grevill." " Welcome my two to uie! The number best beloved, Within my heart you be In friendship unremoved. Joyne hands and hearts, so let it he, Make but one minde in bodies three." Other stdmas ; vide Davidson's PoeticaU Wiapsodtf, 1G02. Bishop Corbet thought his lordship's accomplishments worthy of commemuration : " The plirase aud welcome of the knight did make The seat more elegant; every word he spake Was wine and music." Visit to Lord Brool; in h is Her Boreale. Baxter, the celebrated Nonconformist, thus refers to his Poems of Monarchy and Religion : '■8ir Fulk (Jrevill. Lord Brook, a man of great note in his age, hath a poem lately printed (ItiTO) for subject's liberty, which I greatly wonder this age could bear." — Prefatory Address Uj Baa^ ter's Poetical Frotjments^ 1681. '•These two Tragedies of Lord Brooke [Alaham and Mustapha] might with more propriety have been termed political treatises than plays. Their author has strangely contrived to make pas- sion, character, and interest^ of the highest order, subservient to the expression of state dogmas and mysteries. . . . Whether we look into his pl.iys, or his most passionate love-poems, we shall find all frozen and made rigid with intellect." — Charles L\mb. '■The titles of Lord Brooke's poems. A Treatise of Human Learn- ing. A Treatise of Monarchy. A Treatise of Religion, An Inquisi- tion upon Fame and Honour, lead us to anticipate more of sense than fancy. In this we are not deceived ; his mind was pregnant with deep reflection upon multifaiious learning, but he struggles to give utterance to thoughts which he had not fully endowed with words, and amidst the shackles of rhyme aud metre which he had not learned to manage. Hence, of all our poets he may be reckoned the most obscure; in aiming at condensation he becomes elliptical beyond the bounds of the language, and his rhymes, beiog forced for the sake of sound, leave all meaning behind. Lord Brooke's poetry is chiefly worth notice as an indicatiuu of that thinking spirit upon political science which was to produce the riper speculations of Ilobbes, and Harrington, and Locke." — HaU lanVs Lit. Hist, of Europe. "As to Fulke Greville. he is like nothing but one of his own ' Prologues spoken by the ghost of an old king of Ormus.' a truly formidable and inviting personage: his style is apocalyptical^ cabalistical, a knot worthy of such an apparition to untie; and for the unravelling a passage or two, I would stand the brunt of an encounter with so portentous a commentator.'" — Haditt's Table Tall-: 0/ Pa-sovs One Would M'tsh to Have .Se^n. GreviHe, Fulke, grandson of the fifth Lord Brooke, and husband of Mrs. Frances Greville. 1. Maxims, Cha- racters, and Reflections, Lon. 1757, '6S, Svo. '■A work of considerable reputatiou." — Lim. Month . Rn'..JVov.l7QQ. 2. Reflection ; a Poem, 1790, 4to. 3. Letter to the Monthly Reviewers, 1790, Svo. See Lon. Month. Rev., ubi eupra. Greville, Henry F. Polit.,n*s Gm-dmi. Afag. 2. Flora Edinensis; Plants of Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo. 3. Algffi Britannica;, Svo. 4. R. K. G. and Sir Wm. J. Hooker. Icones Filicum ; or, Figures and Descrip. of Ferns, &c., 1829-31, 2 vols, fol., 240 plates ; col'd, £25 4«. ; un- col'd, £12 12s. This is Sir Wm. J. Hooker's greatest work, V. n. Grew, J., M.D. Yellow Fever at Gibraltar, Ac. Grew, Nehemiah, M.D., 162S?-1711, an eminent vegetable anatomist and physiologist, was a son of the Kev. Dr. Obadiah Grew, (see }i'Mt.) He was a man of great learning and piety, and in his writings endeavoured to lead his readers "From Nature up to Nature's God." 1. The Anatomy of Vegetables, Lon., 1672, Svo. 2. Ana- tomy of Plants, 1G72, Svo. 3. Idea of a Phytological Hist, of Plants, Ac, 1673, '75, '77, Svo. 4. Anatomy of Plants, Ac, 1682, fol. " The first book of his Anatomy of Plants, which is the title given to three separate works, when published collectively in 1682, contains the whole of bis physiological theory, which is developed at length in those that follow. The nature of vegetation and its processes seem to have been unknown when he begau, save that commou observation and the moreaccurate experience of gardeners and others must have collected the obvious truths of vegetable anatomy." — HalUim's Lit. Hist, of EiiTopi;, q. v. For an account of Grew and his other works, see Biog. Brit. ; Ward's Gresham ; Rees's Cyc. ; Funl. Serm., by Shower. Grew tells us that his Cosmologia Sacra was writ- ten chiefly to demonstrate the truth and excellency of the Bible. Grew, Obadiah, D.D., 1607-1698, father of the pre- ceding, minister of St. Michael's, Coventry, was ejected at the Restoration, for nonconformity. 1. Serm., 1663, 4to. 2. Serm., 16711, Svo. 3. Meditations upon the Parable of the Prodigal .Son, 1678, 4to. Grey. The Essential Principles of the Wealth of Na- tions ; Illustrated in opposition to some False Doctrines of Dr. Adam Smith and others, 1797, Svo. Grey, Earl. The Colonial Policy of Lord J. Rus- sell's Administration, Lon., 1853, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., with addits., 1855, 2 vols. Svo. Grey, Mrs. Colonel, has fairly earned a title to be ranked as one of the most popular novelists of the day. Among her works (pub. 1830-58) .are— 1. Alice Seymour. 2. Aline. 3. Belle of the Familj'. 4. Bosom Friend. 5. Daughters. 6. Duke and the Cousin. 7. Gambler's Wife. 8. Hy.acinthe. 9. Little Wife, and The Baronet's Daugh- ters. 10. Mary Seaham. 11. Old Country House. 12. Old Dower House 13. Rectory Guest. 14. Sibyl Leonard. 15. Young Prima Donna. 16. Young Husban.l. 17. Two Hearts. Grey, Arthur, Lord. Services of Wm., Lord Grey of Wilton. Edit, by Sir P. de Malpas G. Egerton, Camden Soc, Lon., 1847, 4to. Grey, Auchitell, thirty years M.P. for the county of Derby. Debates of the House of Commons, 1667- 94, Lon., 1763, 10 vols. Svo. Grey, Ford Lord. 1-5. Pamphlets, 1738-50; see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 6. The Secret Hist, of the Rye- House Plot and of Monmouth's Rebellion, 1754, Svo. Grey, Capt. Sir George, K.C.B., 1848; Lieut,-Gov. S. Australia, 1841 ; Gov. of New Zealand, 1846: Gov., Ac of the Cape of Good Hope, 1854. 1. Journals of Two E.\- peditions in N.W. and Western Australia in 1837-39, Lon.. 1841, 2 vols. Svo. " We have rarely seen a more interesting book."— ion. Biaminer. 2. 'Vocabulary of the Dialect of S.W. Australia. 1841, ]8mo. 3. Polynesian Mythology, and Ancient Traditional Hist, of the New Zealand Race. 1855, p. Svo. "Valuable as presenting many points of affinity between the Poly- nesian and other mythologies." See a Letter to Sir George, by Sir T. Tancred. (on Criminals,) and another by R. B. Sanderson. Jan., (on Apprenticeship.) both 1857, Svo. Grey, Lady Jane, 1537-1554, a descendant of Ed- ward IV. and Henry VII., and still more illustrious for her virtues and accomplishments, has already largely claimed our notice in our Life of Roger AscH.ur. Her Literary Remains— which consist of Latin Epistles and Verses, English Letters, devout treatises, Ac— were nub m 1 vol p. Svo, 1825, by Sir N. H. Nicolas. In addition to the histories of England, see Biog. Brit. ; Fo.v's M'lr tjrs; BaUard's Memoirs; Strype's Memoirs; Park's w'al- | GRE pole's R. and N. Authors ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Nichols's Leicestershire under Broailgate Park ; and see conclusion of this article. Although only between sixteen and seven- teen years of age at the time of her death. Lady Jane t?:ls one of the best scholars England has produced. Edward VI. was considered a prodigy of learning, but Lady Jane far excelled him. Indeed, the fame of this learned child was sounded throughout Europe, and was the pride of the great Latinists and Grecians at home : *'The French, Italian. Lutiu. and Greek, especially, were .is natural to her as her own ; tor she not only undersbxid them per- fectly, but spoke and wrote them with the greatest freedom ; and this not in the opinion of supei-ficial judges, but of lUr. Ascham and Dr. Aylmer, meu who in point of veracity are as much above suspicion as in respect to their abilities they were incapable of being deceived : meu who for their learning were the wonder of their own times and of ours; the former famous for Jioman accu- racy, the latter one of the seveiest criticks in those learned times. She was versed likewise in Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic, and all this while a perfect chili."— Biog. Brit. "Aristotle's praise of women is perfected in her. She possesses good manuets. prudence, and a love of laltour. She possesses every talent without the least weakness of her sex. She speaks French and Italian as well as she does English. She writes readily and with propriety. She has more than once spoken Greek to me." — Rooer Ascham. " She had the ionoceucy of childhood, the beauty of youth, the solidity of middle, the gravity of old, age; . . . the birth of a princess, the learning of a clerk, the life of a saint, yet the death of a martyr for her parents' ofTences."— FuHcr's Holy State. The following work contains some letters, Ac of Lady Jane's, and interesting details respecting her history and thiit of the time:— Historia de la Vita e de !a Morte de Illustriss. Signora Giovanua Graia gia Regina eletta e publicata d'lnghilterra, Ac, por Michel-angelo Florio. Appresso Richardo Pittore, 1607, sm. Svo. Grey, Lt.-Col. John. Polit. Tracts, Lon., 1810, both Svo. Grey, Maria G., and her sister Emily Shirreff. Thoughts on Self-Culture, addressed to Women, Lon , 1850, '54, 2 vols. p. Svo. " We have never perused a work addressed to women more full of practical common sense."— Ladies' (Amer.) Natioiial Hag. Grey, Nicholas, 1590-1660, a native of London, Master of the Charterhouse School, 1614; of Merchant Taylors' School, 1624; of Eton, 1631; ejected during the Rebellion, and restored at the Restoration. 1. Luculenta e Sacra Scriptur.a, Ac, Lon., 1647, '66, Svo. 2. A Dic- tionary in Lat.-Eng. and Eng.-Lat. 3. Parabote Evan- gelicje, Ac, Svo. " Noted for a pure Latinist and Grecian."- jK/iot. Oxm ,ov- and see M ilsons Uist. of Merchant Taylors' School: Uarwood's Alumni Ltouenses. Grey, Richard, D.D., 1694-1771, a native of New- castle, entered of Lincoln Coll., Oxf., 1712; Rector of Ilin- ton, Northamptonshire, 1721; became Rector of Kincote, Leicestershire, and Preb. of St. Paul's. His principal works are :— 1. Memoria Technica, Lon., 1730, '32, '75, '92. Last ed., 1851, 12mo. Abridged by J. H. Todd, 1840, 18mo! 2. Eng. Eccles. Law, 1730, '32, '36, '43, Svo. The last is the bested. 3. Hebrew without Points, 1738, Svo. 4. Liber Jobi, in Versicnios Metrice Divisus, Ac, 1742, Svo. "A learned and valuable Kork."— Home's Bilil. Bih. Grey's Liber Jobi was criticized by Mr.— afterwards Bishop— Warburton, and Gray responded in (5) An An- swer to Mr. Warburton's Remarks, Ac, 1744, Svo. " Dr. Grey was a disciple of Schultens and Hare. lu his Job he adopts the transLition of the former and the metrical arrange- meut of the latter."— Oraic's Bibl. Bib. 6. The Last Words of David, divided according to tha Metre, with Notes Crit. and Explan., 1749, 4to. "Ingenious and elegant, and was intended as a specimen of a translation of the poetical passages of the Old Testament, but which I believe was never published."— Ormc's Bibl. Bib. Dr. Grey pub. a number of sermons, Ac. Grey, Kobert Hyde. 1. Scotch Farming in tha Lothians, Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. Scotch Farming in Eng- land, 1842, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Grey, Thomas. Serm., 1685, 4to. Grey, Thomas, Earl of Stamford. Speech at the Quarter Sessions, Leicester, Lon., 1692, 4to. Grey, Thomas. Serm., 1715, 12mo. Grey, Thomas de. 1. The Compleat Horseman and Expert Farrier, 1651, '56, '70, 4to. 2. Expert Far- rier, 1752, Svo. Grey, Wm. Chorographia: or, a Survey of New- castle-upon-Tyne, Newcast., 1649, sm. 4to; 1813, sm. fol. Rejuinted in Harleian Miscell., vol. iii. lirey. Sir Wm. de. The Gout, Lon., 1772, Svo. Grey, Zachary, LL.D., 1687-1766, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., became Rector of Houghton Conquest, Bed- fordshire, and Vicar of St, Peter's and St. Giles's, Cam- bridge. His best-known work— the edit, of Uudibras GRE GRI has been alrearly noticed in our life of Samuel Butler. AmoDg his other publications are An Examination of the 2d, 3d, and 4th books, &c. of Neal's Hist, of the Puritans, (pub. by Grey, 17^6, '37, '39, '44,) many pieces against the Dit-senters, and several pamphlet? against Bishop War- burton, Oidmixon, &e. Grey was a contributor to Peck's Desiderata, and assisted Whalley in his ed. of Shakspeare. For a detailed account of his literary labours consult Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Cole's MS. Athence in BriL Museum ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. Warburton's attack on Grey's Hudibras was not consi- dered especially complimentary. In his Preface to Shak- speare he does not hesitate to say that he " Hardly thinks there ever appwtred in any learned language so execralile a heap of nonsense under the name of Commentaries as hath lately been given us on this satiric po«t." Fielding refers to our author as "The laborious, much-read Dr. Zachary Grey, of whose abun- dant notes to Hudibras I shall only say that it is. I am contident, the single book extant in which above 500 -luthors are quoted not one of which could be found in the collection of the late Dr. Mead." — Pnfiice to Voyage tn Lishon. Yet Dr. Warton remarks that "If Butler is worth i-eading he is worth explaining; and the re- searches used for so valuable and elegant a purpose merit the thanks of genius and candour, not the satire of prejudice and ignorance." Greyson, T. Obs. on the V. Disease, 1796, Svo. Grice, Charles Valentine Le, See Le Grice. Gi'ice, Thomas. Short Vindic. of the Coustit. of the Ch. of Eng., Lou., 1689, 4to. Gridley, Jeremiah, d. 1767, Attorney-General of the Province of Massachusetts, a distinguished lawyer, wrote many articles of grent merit in The Weekly Re- hearsal, pub. in Boston, 1731, Ac, of which he was editor. See Thomas's Hist, of Printing; Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st series, iii. 301, v. 212; Bost. Postboy, Sept. 14, 1767; Minot, i. S8-y0 ; Gordon, i. 141 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. Grier, Rev. Richard. 1. Answer to Ward's Errata of the Prot. Bible, Lon., 1812, 4to. 2. Epit. of the General Councils of the Church, 325-1563, Ac, Dubl., 1828, 8vo. "A very useful compendium, particularly to those who have not the opportunity of consulting the gieat collections." — Bicler- sieih's C. S. Grier, Wra. 1. Mechanics' Pocket Dictionary, Edin., 12mo. 2. Mechanics' Calculator, 12mo. " M'e do not know a more useful companion than this work ■would prove to all persons going out to new or thinly-peopled count ries." — Mdropul, Mug. Grierson, Constantia, d. 1733, aged 27, a native of Kilkenny, born in an humble sphere of life, attained celebrity by her learning and piety. Her husband, George Grierson, was a printer in Dublin, and Lord Carteret gave the family the lucrative patent office of King's Printer in Ireland. The patent expired in 1846. 1. An ed. of Taci- tus, Dubl., 1730, 3 vols. Svo. Dedicated to Lord Carteret. " Dr. Harwood esteems her Tacitus one of the best-edited books ever published." 2. An ed. of Terence. Dedicated to Lord Carteret's son, to whom she also wrote a Greek epigram. See Ballard's Memoirs; Gibber's Lives; Pref. to Mrs. Barber's Poems; Boswell's Life of Johnson. Grierson, James, M.D. 1. Delineation of St. An- drew's, 1807, ]2mo. 2. Miueralogical con. to Thorn. Ann. Philos.. 1813, '14. '17. Grierson, Rev, James. Treatise on the Lord's Supper, Edin., 1839, fp. Svo. '• The addresses are very scriptural." — Edin. Chris. Instriic. Grieve, James, M.D. 1. Trans, of Celsus, Of Medi- cine, Lon., 1756, Svo. 2. Hist, of Kamtschatka, Ac, from the Russian of Kraskeninicoff, 1763, 4to. Glouces.j 1764, 4to. Also pub. at St. Petersburg. Grieve, John, M.D. 1. Dropsy; Med. Com., 1785. 2. Koumiss Wine; Trans. Soc, Edin., 17SS. Grieve, Wm, Con. to Med. Com., 17S5. Griffies, Thomas. The Journey to Brighton; an Heroic-Comic Poem, Lon.. 1788, 4to. Griffin, Rev. Mr. Future State, Lon., 1755, Svo. Griffin, Anthony. Astrolog. Judgment, 1655, Svo. Griffin, B. Fidessa more Chaste than Kinde, 1596, 16mo ; Chiswiek, 1815. 100 copies printed, with an advertisement by Mr. Singer. This is a collection of amatory sonnets. Griffin, Rev. Edmund Dorr, 1S04-1830, a native of Wyoming, Pennsylvania, was the son of George Griffin. LL.D., a member of the New York Bar, and the author of a volume pub. in 1850, entitled The Gospel Its Own Advocate, N. York, 12mo. The subject of this notice entered Columbia Coll., N. York. 1S19; graduated, 1823; ordained deacon in the Episcopal Church, 1826. On his return from a trip to Europe in 1830, taken with the hope of benefiting bis health, he delivered a course of lectures in Columbia College on Roman, Italian, and English Lite- rature, which gave great satisfaction. Literary remains, edited by his brother, F. Griffin, with a Memoir by Rev. John McVickar, D.D., N. York, 1S31. 2 vols. Svo. These vols, contain poems, journals from his tour in Europe, and extracts from his lectures. *■ We cannot doubt for a moment that thousands of British hearts will be touched with affection and esteem for the delightful character of their American brother.'' — Blackwood's Mug. An interesting notice of Griffin, and a review of his Literary Remains, by Wm. Cullen Bryant, will be found in the N. Amer. Rev., xxxiv. 119-144. See also a paper by Rev. N. L. Frothingham, in Chris. Exam., xi. 270, and one by R. Palmer, in Chris. Quar. Rev., iii. 651. Griffin, Edward Dorr, D.D., 1770-1837, President of Williams College, Mass., 1821-36, bad previously to his election been Prof, of Pulpit Eloquence in the Theolog. Sem. at Audover, and was settled as a minister both at Newark and Boston. Sixty Serms. on Prac. Subjects, N.Y'., Svo. '*Oue of the most popular pulpit orators Americi has produced. He had taste, and feeling, and enthusiasm, and his powers of de- scription were unrivalled.'* — English notice. See the Life of Dr. Griffin, by Rev. W. B. Sprague, pub. in N. York. Griffin, Edward Loggin. Original instruments rel. to the diocese of Gloucester, Cirenc, 1720. Svo. Griffin, Eliz. Juvenile Tales. &c., 1799. &c. Griffin, Frederick. Junius Discovered, Bost, 1854, 12mo. See Junius. Griffin, George, LL.D. The Gospel its own Advo- cate, N. York, 1S50. 12mo. See Griffin. Rev. Edmund D. Griffin, Gerald, 1803-1840, a novelist of some note, was a native of Limerick, emigrated to London in his twentieth year, and became first a reporter for the daily press, and subsequently an author. In 1S3S he joined the Christian Brotherhood (R. Catholic) of Cork, and two years laterwascutoff by afever. His first publication — Holland- Tide, or Munster Popular Tales — appeared in 1827; and their reception was so encouraging that he was induced to give to the world, in the same year, his Tales of the Mun- ster Festivals. The contents of the collective ed. of hig works, pub. in 8 vols. fp. Svo, 1842-43, and again in 1846, are as follows : Vol. I. Life, by his Brother. II. Collegians. III. Card-Drawing; The Half Sir; Suil-Dhuv. IV. The Rivals; Tracy's Ambition. V.Holland-Tide. VI. Duke of Monmouth. VII. Tales of the Jury-Room. VIII. Poetry. To the first vol. of above series, and to Miss Mit- ford's Recollections of a Literary Life, we must refer the reader for further information respecting Griffin and his lite- rary labours. See also Dublin Univ. Mag., xxiii. 157-170. '■The author of the Collegians must live; and as an able de- lineator of our national feelinj^s — as an expounder of that subtlest of problems, the Irish heart — he cannot be forgotten; but with Carleton, and Baoim, and Jliss Edgeworth, and one or two more, ho will take his place in our Irish firmament, and form a portion of that galaxy to which we are wont to look with wonder and pride." — Dublin Univ. Mag.^ vhi supra. " The book that, above any other, speaks to me of the trials, the sufferings, the broken heart of a man of genius, is that Life of Gerald Griffin, written by a brother worthy of him, which precedes the only edition of his collected works."' — 5liss Mitford : ubi supra. Griffin, Gregory. The Microcosm; a Periodical Work, by G. G., 2d ed., 1786, Svo; 1787. Svo; Windsor, 17S8, Svo ; 1790, 2 vols. 12mo. Written by four Etonians, John Smith, George Canning, Robert Smith, and John Frere, with occasional assistance from other Etonians. Griffin, John, 1769-1S34, minister of an Independent congregation at Portsea, wrote some theolog. treatises, Ac. Memoirs and Remains of, by bis sons, Lon., 1S40, Svo. "It may be fairly placed with the lives of Matthew and Philip Henry; and Thomas Scott, and works of that profitable character." — Lon. Evangd. Mag. Griffin, John J. The Radical Theory of Chemistry, or. Svo. Griffin, Robert. Interest Tables, Lon., 1775, Svo. Griffin, W. Culture of the Pine-Apple, 1810, Svo. Griffinhoof, Arthur. The Maskers of Moorfields; a Vision, 1815. Griffith, Capt. Military Law, Proceed, of Courts- Martial, &c., Lun., 1841, 12mo. Griffith, Alex. Strena Vavasoriensis ; an account of the doctrine, &c. of Vavasor Powell, . I'miii l'.>ur Rates, ISMIl, 8vo. Griltith, Mrs. Elizabeth, d. 17113. a lady of Welsh descent, acquired some eminence as a novelist. Slie wrote, in conjunction with her husband, Richard Griffith, Tii« Letters of Henry and Frances, and two novels, Delicate Dishes and The Gordian Knot. Mrs. G-. also wrote a num- ber of other worlts, among which are Lady Barton ; Juli- ana Harley; some dramas; The Morality of Shakspcare's Dramas Illustrated, &c. See Lon. Gent. Mag., xl. ?.&i ; Ixiii. 10-1; Victor's Works; Miss Seward's Letters; Biog. Dramat. Gritiith, Evan. Scrm. at the Funl. of Sir Matt. Hale, on Isa. Ivii. 1, Lon,, 1G77, 4to. Gritiith, George, Bishop of St. Asaph. Discourses on the Lord's Supper ; edit, by A. Allam, Oxon., 1684, Svo. Gritiith, George, D.D. Gueddcr Arglwydd Wedi ei Hcgluro ; mewn amry w ym.adroddiou, neu Bregetheu Byr- rion, Rbydychen, 1685, Svo. Gritiith, Major, and Mrs. George Darby. A Journey from India across the Desert, Lon., 1844, 2 vols, 8to. *' We cordially commend this work." — Lon. Globe. Griffith, Guyon. Con. to Archaiol., 1770, '74, '76. Gritiith, Ileury, d. 1788, was the author of several novels. Gritiith, J. VV., M.D. 1. Urinary Deposits, Lon., 1843. 12mo. 2. Manual on the Blood, 1846, 12mo. 3. By J. W. Gritfith and Arthur Ileufrey, Micrographic Dic- tionary, lSo4-.^6, sm. 4to. A work of great value. Gritiith, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1655, '81. Gritiith, John. Serms. and Discourses, 1701-07. Gritiith, John, a preacher in the Society of Friends, came to America in 1726, and travelled through N. Jersey, Penua., ifec. 1. Brief Remarks, Lon., 1764, Svo. 2. A Journal of his Life, Travels, and Labours in the Work of the Ministry, 1779, Svo. Griffith, John, M.D. 1. French Monuments, 1803, Svo. 2. Travels in Europe, Asia Minor, and Arabia, Lon., ISOo, 4to. These travels have been trans, into French. 3. Worm-Shells; Phil. Trans., 1S06. Griffith, John. Serms., Lon., 1823, all 4to. Griffith, Jnlia. Autographs for Freedom, edited by J. G., N. York, 12mo. Griffith, Matthew, D.D. Serms., ic, Lon., 1632- 66, all 4to. Griffith, Mattie. Poem3,nowfirst collected, N.York, 1862, 12mo. Griffith, Michael. See Alford. Griffith, Moses, M.D. Fevers, 1776, '95, Svo. Gritiith, Owen. Funl. Serm., 16S1, Svo. Griffith, Richard. A-la-mode Phlebotomy no good Fashion, Lon.. 1681, Svo. Griffith, Richard, an Irishman, the husband of ELIZ.4BETH Griffith. <7. p. The Triumvirate, 1764, 2 vols. 12mo. A disrei>utable novel. He pub. some other works in conjunction with his wife. Gritiith, Richard. Med. treatises, Lon., 1792, Svo. Griffith, Richard. Inland Navig,ation, 1795. Griffith, Richard, Jr. Geolog. and Mining Surveys, Dulil., 1S14-1S, 2 vols. Svo. Griffith, Robert. Serms., Ac, 1711-21. Griffith, Robert Egglesfield, M.D., of Philadel- phia. 1. Medical Botany, Phila., 1S47, Svo. 2. Universal Formulary, 2d ed., pub. after the decease of the author; edited by Robert P. Thom.as, M.D., 1856, Svo. Dr. Griffith, in addition to other professi(mal literary labours, edited medical works of MuUer, Taylor, Christison, Garrad, Payne, Ac. Griffith, Roger. River Thames, Lon., 1746, Svo. Griffith, Sophia. She Would be a Heroine, Lon., 1S16, 3 vols. 12mo. Griffith, Thomas. Serms., 1757-73. Griffith, Thomas, minister of Ram's Chapel, Homer- ton. 1. Lects. on Confirmation and the Lord's Supper, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 2. Serms., 1S3S, 12mo. Much esteemed. Other works. Griffith, W. P. 1. Temples of Greece, 1843, r. Svo; 3d ed., 1847, r. 4to. 2. Natural System of Architecture, Lon., 1845, r. 4to. 3. Ancient Gothic Churches, 1847, r. 4to. 4. Architectural Botany, 1852, 4to. Gritfith, \V. See Grvffith. Griffith, \Vm. Legal treatises, Ac. Griffiths, Charles, M.D. Hepatitis, 1816, Svo. Gritfiths, John, M.D. See Gkikfith. Griffiths, John Willis, b. Oct. 6, 1809, in the city of New York, senior editor of the Nautical Magazine. 1. 713 ° Treatise on Marino and Naval Architecture; or. Theory and Practice blended in Ship-Building, N. Y'ork, 1850, large 4to, pp. 420, 60 plates ; 4th ed., 1854, 2 vols. sm. 4to. '• Not only valuiible, but almost iuclispens.iljle, to the modern ship-tmilder." — Truhncr's Bibl. Guide to Aiii'r. Lit. "Also highly commended by Bell, Westervelt, Smith A Dimon, McKay, Hart, and Skiddy, eminent ship-builders in America, and by Mr. Aug. Normaud, of Havre. 2. Ship- Builder's Manual and Nautical Referee, 1853, 2 vols. sm. 4to, pp. 40(1. Griffiths, Joshua. Ordination serm., Lon., 1754, Svo. Griffiths, Lemuel. F'ast serm., 1760, Svo. Griffiths, Ralph, LL.D., d. 1803, the editor and pro- prietor of the Monthly Review, established this work in 1749, and continued his supervision until his death. The Review lived almost a century — ex]iiring in 1842. Much interesting information relating to Griffiths and his Re- view will be found in Prior's Life of Goldsmith, and other records of the literature of the time; and we may be per- mitted to refer to an article by the present writer, entitled A Review of Reviews, No. II., in Putnam's (N. Y'ork) Monthly Magazine for March, 1853. Griffiths, Roger. See Griffith. Griffiths, Thomas, Prof, of Chemistry in the Med. Coll. of St. Bart. Hospital, London. 1. Recreations in Chemistry, Lon., 1841. fp. Svo ; 1860, 12mo. 2. Chemistry of the Four Ancient Elements, 1842, fp. Svo; 1851, 12mo. 3. Chemistry of the Four Seasons, 1846, p. Svo; 1S53, 12mo. '•This volume illustrates in a simple, popular, and amusing manner the chemical physiolO(^y of plants.'' — Brit, and For. M^d. Jiev. 4. The Writing-Desk and its Contents, 1844, fp. Svo. 5. Chemistry of the Crystal Palace, 1S51, 12mo. 6. Out- lines of Chemistrv, 18mo. Griffiths, win. Farriery, Wrexham, 1784, '87, Svo. Griffitts, Samuel Powel, M.D., 1759-1826, a dis- tinguished physician of Philadelphia, and a native of that city, a man of great learning, piety, and usefulness, was one of the editors of the (Medical) Eclectic Repertory. An interesting biography of Dr. Griffitts will be found in Thacher's Ainer. Med. Biog. Gritl'yth, John. Serm., Lon., 1698, 4to. Griflyth, or Griffith, W. Villare Hibernicum, 1690, 4to. Grigby, George. Heights and Dist.inces, Ac, 1807, 4to. Grigg, or Greg, John or Wm. Medical advice to the Female Sex, Bath, 1789, '9.3, Svo. Grigman, Stephen. Serm., 1728, 4to. Griggs, Messrs. General View of the Agricult. of the County of Essex, Lon., 1794, 4to. " The iuformalion seems to be sufiioieutly correct, and the re- marks are judicious." — Dimdtdson^s AgricuJt. Biog. Grigor, Alexander. 1. Game Laws of Scotland, Edin., Svo. 2. Reports of the Genl. Assembly of Ch. of Scot, for 1834, 1834, Svo. Grigsby, Hugh Blair, b. in Norfolk, Virginia, 1806, son of the Rev. Beujamin Grigsby, was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1829-30, respecting which body he wrote a Discourse in 1853, which was delivered before the Historical Society of Virginia. He also wrote a Dis- course on the Virginia Convention of 1776, which was delivered before the College of William and Mary in Vir- ginia, on the 3d of July, 1S55; pub. in the same year. " It treats in a clear, concise style, which freiiuently rises to the level of high oratory, and which is throughout well sustained and deeply attractive, the entire history of the Convention in question, embracing admirable biographies of its meml>ers. Among the m,Hny glimpses which we have had of late montfis of Revolutionary History — thanks to the patriotism and zeaf of our Historical Societies — we can recall none more deserving of com- mendation than this, as set forth in the volume before us. We commend it with the assurance th.it every one interested in Ame- rican history will add it to his library." Mr. Grigsby has contributed a number of articles to the Southern Literary Messenger; among which is an inte- resting paper on the Randolph Library. Grim, C. F. Register of Deeds, N. York, 1822, Svo. Grimald, Nicholas. See Grimbold. Grimaldi, Stacey. Origines Genealogicse; or, the Sources whence English Genealogies may be traced from the Conquest to the Present Time, 1828, 4to. " Mr. Grimaldi must ensure to himself the lespect of antiquaries and the gratitude of his profession." — Lon. Kttrosp.iiev., N. S., i. 620 1 1827. Grimbald, Nicholas. See Grimbold. Grimblot, Paul. Letters of William III. and Louis XIV., and of their Ministers, Lon., 1S4S, 2 vols. Svo. This i important work illustrates the domestic and foreign politics GRI of England from the Peace of Ryswick to the Accession of Philip V. of Spain, 1697-1700. "The Letters of William III. are both the most authentic and the most satisfactory explanation of his policy duriui; the three momentous years that closed the seventeenth century. — lULl-iM. "The interval between the I'eace of llyswick and the breaking out of the Rre-it war in 1702, though a short is a most interesting cue."— Lord Chesterfield. " The literary value of this work is very great, and it abounds in new and interesting particulars; while it has the immense ad- Tantage of present in-Y.u- the first time, in an accessible and popu- lar form, a mass of d.ic\iinents which will enable every one to ap- preciate the natiniial importance of the interests involved in the great question of the Spanish Succession."— B/m. J!a: "Before closiug these volumes, we must bear more particular testimouy to the great care bestowed upon them by the editor."— Zon. Athenmun. " A valuable collection of official papers, illustrative of a par- ticular period."— imi. Spedulnr. Grimbolil, Grimald, Grimbald, or Grimoald, Nicholas, il. about 1563, an English poet, educated at Cambridge and Oxford, opened a rhetorical lecture in the refectory of Christ Church, Cxford, wrote verses, and a Latin tragedy, and made translations from the Greek and Latin poets. His Latin tragedy of John the Baptist was pub. in 1518 ; trans, from Cicero, 1553, '56, '58, '68, '74, '96; from Virgil, 1591; Oratio, 1583; and his Songes ("written by N. G.") will be found annexed to the Songes and Sonnettes of uncertain Auctours, printed by TotteU. For further particulars, see authorities cited below. " He is the second English poet after Lord Surrey who wrote in blank verse. Nor is it his only praise that he was the first who followed in this new path of v'ersilication. To the style of blank verse e.vhibited by Surrey, he added now strength, elegance, and modulation. . . . ttrimoald, as a writer of verses in rhyme, yields to none of his cotemporaries for a masterly choice of chaste ex- pression, and the concise elegancies of didactic versification. Some of the couplets, in his poem In Pr.^ise of Moderation, have all the smartness which marks the modern style of sententious poetry, and would have done honom- to Pope's ethic Epistles."— JRirtoil's Sist. of Ely- l'"'t- .. "Nor was this polish of langmage peculiar to Surrey and his friend, [Wyatt.] In the short poems of Lord Vaux, and of others about the same time, even in those of Nicholas (Grimoald, a lec- turer at Oxford, who was no courtier, but had acciuired a classical taste, we find a rejection of obsolete and trivial phrases, and the beginning of what we now call the style of our older poetry."— Ballam's Lit. Hist, of Euinpe. " In the disposition and conduct of his cadences he often ap- proaches to the le;;itimate structure of the improved blank verse, ihough not entirely free from tho.se dissonances and asperities which still adhered to the general character of our diction."— Erdss Spec, of the Early Eng. Poets. See also Bale; Tanner; Strype's Cranmer; Bliss s Wood's Athen. IJxon. Grimes, Thomas. The Farrier, Lon., 1636, 12mo. Grimestoiie, or Grimstbiie, Edward, trans, the Hist, of Ostcnd, of the Netherlands, of Spain, and other works, Lon., Hi01-3o. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. Grimestoii, Elizabeth. See Guymkston. Griraestoii, William, Lord Viscount. See Grimston. Grimke, Frederick, a brother of Thomas Smith Grimke, (see jiost.) The Nature and Tendency of Free Institutions, Cincin., 1S48, Svo. Grimke, John F., d. 1819, Judge of the Supreme Ct. of S. Carolina, and a colonel in the war of the Revolu- tion. 1. Law of Executors for S. Carolina, Svo. 2. Public Law of S. Carolina, Phila., 1790, -Ito. 3. Justice of the Peace, 2d ed., 1796, Svo. Grimke, Thomas Smith, 17S6-1S34, a native of Charleston, S. Carolina, educated at Yale College, became an eminent lawyer and politician in his native State. He was the author of a number of orations, Ac. on legal, educational, .and other topics, and in 1831 pub. a vol. of Addresses on Science, Education, and Literature, New Haven, 12mo. Grimoald, Nicholas. See GnniBOLn. Grimshaw, A. II. See Grimshaw, Wm. Grimshaw, Wm., 1708-1763, Perpetual Curate of Haworth, Yorkshire. Principles of True Christianity Vindicated, Lon., 12mo. See Memoirs of the Life of W. S., by Rev. John Newton, 1799, 12mo. Grimshaw, Wm., 17S2-1S52, a native of Green- castle, Ireland, emigrated to America in 1815, and lived for many years in Philadelphia and its vicinity. 1. Hist, of England ; 2. of France ; 3. of Greece ; i. of the U. States ; 5. of Rome ; 6. of S. America and Mexico. 7. Life of Napoleon. 8. Etymological Dictionary. 9. Gen- tleman's Lexicon. 10. Ladies' Lexicon. 11. Merchant's Law Book. 12. Form Book. 13. American Chesterfield. Mr. G. also pub. Questions and Keys to his histories, re- vised eds. of Goldsmith's Rome, Greece, Ac, of Ramsay's Life of Washington, and of Baine's Hist, of the Wars GRI growing out of the French Revolution. Since his decease a revised ed. of his Hist, of the U. States has been pub. by A. H. Grimshaw. Grimshawe, Rev. T. S. 1. Memoir of Legh Rich- mond, Lon., 1S28, Svo; 11th eil., 1846, 12ino. 2. Cowper's Works and Life, 1835, 8 vols. 12mo. Last ed., 1847, 8 vols. 12mo. Of this ed. 70,000 had been issued up to 1853, when the 8 vols, were repub., in 1 vol. r. Svo, by Phillips, Sampson k Co., of Boston, Mass. We have already noticed Grimshawe's ed. of Cowper, q. v. 3. On the Future Restoration and Conversion of the Jews, 1843, 12nio. Grimstou. Argument cone. Bishops, Lon., 1641, 4to. Grimstoii, Hon. Miss. Arrangement of the Com- mon Prayer Book and Lessons, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo, ISmo, and 32ino. The entire Morning Service is contained in 1 vol., and the entire Evening Service in another vol. Printed in large type. Grimston, Edward. See Grimf.ston. Grimston, Elizabeth. See Grv.mestos. Grimston, Sir Harbottle, MP., 1594M683. an eminent lawyer, Speaker of the House of Commons, Mas- ter of the Rolls, 1660-83, was a warm yet moderate sup- porter of the popular side during the Civil Wars temp. Charles L He w,as a son-in-law of Sir George Croke, and pub. his reports, v. n. 1. Speech rel. to Archbp. Laud, Lon., 1641, 4to. 2. Sirena Christian.a, 1644, 24mo. In English, Camb., 1644, Svo. 3. Sir George Croke's Reports. Grimston, Henry. 1. A Short Account of various Charitable Institutions in 6. Brit, for the Benefit of the Poor and lutirm, Lon., 1794, Svo. 2. Perkins's Metallic Tractors, ISIIl, 12mo; 2d ed., 1S05. Grimston, William, Lord Viscount, 1692 ?-1756. The Lawyer's Fortune ; or, Love in a Hollow Tree. Lon., 1705, 4to; 1736, Svo and 12mo. Sine anno, iio. Rotter- dam, 1728, 12mo. This comedy was written when the author was only thirteen years of age. He subsequently bought up all the copies "he could find. When he was a candi- date for the borough of St. Alban's, Sar.ah, Duchess of Marlborough, repub. his lordship's juvenile efiusion, (1736, 12mo,) and had it circulated .among the electors. His lord- ship, who was really a most worthy man, was ridiculed both by Pope and Swift. The former, referring to the peer's residence at Gorhambury, near St. .-Vlbau's, exclaims: "Sh.Hdes that to Bacon did retreat alTord Are now the portion of a tjoohtf Lord." And Swift says: "The leaden crown devolv'd to thee, Great poet of the Hollow Tree." This is all very absurd when considered as levelled against the efl'usions of a bard of thirteen years of age. See Wbincop's List of Drainaf. Poets; Biog. Dramat. Griudal, or Gryndall, Edmund, D.D., 1519-158.3, a native of Hinsingham, Cumberland, educated at Mag- dalen Coll., Christ's Coll., and Pembroke H.all, Camb.; Fellow of Pembroke Hall, 1538; President, 1549; Preb. of Westminster, 1552 ; fled to Strasbourg on the accession of Mary in 1553; returned home on the accession of Eliza- beth, 155S, and assisted in compiling the new liturgy; Bishopof London. 1559; Archbishop of York, 1570; trans, to Canterbury, 1575. He was an eloquent preacher, and so zealous for the advancement of religion that he refused to obey Elizabeth when she ordered him to substitute^ the reading of homilies for pnlpit ministrations — to "abridge the number of preachers and put down the religious exer- cises." This firmness led to his being sequestered for a time by her majesty. 1. Profitable and Necessaryo Doc- trine, Ac, Lon.[ 1555, 4to. 2. A Serm., 1564, 4to and Svo. The same in L.atin, by John Fox, 1564, 4to. 3. Rem.ains, edit, for the Parker Society by the Rev. Wm. Nicholson, Rector of St. Maurice, Winchester, Camb., 1843, Svo. He assisted Fox in his Acts and Monuments. " Queen Elizabeth highly fiivouring him for his learning, piety and modesty, and single life, fill at last he lost her love by the mischievous practices of his enemies. His fault was for keeping others from breaking two of God's comm.andments." — Fulkr's Worthier of Ciimberla7id. See Strype's Life of Grindal, Lon., 1710, fol. ; Oxf., 1821, Svo; A Brief and True Account of Edm. Grindal, 1710, 8to; Memorhals resp. his Suspension, Ac, 1710, Svo; Biog. Brit.; Harrington's Brief View of the State of the Ch. of Eng. ; Le Neve's Lives of the Bishops ; Hutchin- son's Cumberland, vol. xi. Grindal, Wm. See Gryndall. Grindall, Richard. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1757. Grindlay, Capt. Robert Melville. 1. Views in India, Lon., 1826, '30, atlas 4to, 36 plates, £8 Ss. ; col'd, £12 12s. "CiiRlSTOPnER North. 'A beautiful and splendid work.' " SuBPflEBD. 'There maun be thousans o' leebraries^ in Britain, 713 GRI private and public, that ought to ha« sic a warlt.' "—Nodes Am- orosiantB. 2. Sculptures in the Cave-Temples of Ellora, 1830, r. fol.; 8 plates. 3. Map of India, 1837. 4. Hints for Travellers to India, detailing the Several Routes, 1847, 12mo. Griufield, Rev. Edward William. X. Novum Testamentum Grajcum, Editio Hellenistica, 2 vols. Scho- lia in N. T. instruxit atque ornavit E. Grinfleld, 2 vols.; LoD., 1843-48, 4 vols. 8vo. Designed to show the close connexion of the Greek Testament with the Septuagint. It contains upwards of 30,000 doctrin.al and grammatical illustrations, which are arranged respectively under each verse for the convenience of the Student and Divine. We need hardly say that the lahours of the editor have been great indeed : to quote from his Preface : " Per decern annos in hffic Editione eonlicienda operam studi- uraque inipens^ elocavi." He intended to have increased his labours by the addi- tion of a threefold collation of the Hebrew, "lXX., and New Testament. For an account of this truly great work we must refer to Home's Bibl. Bibl., and the London Chris. Rememb. for April, 1848. 2. Apology for the Septuagint, in which its Claims to Biblical and Canonical Authority are stated and vindi- cated, 1850, 8vo. " This Apology may be regarded as a natural sequel to my Hel- lenistic Edition of the Greek Testament."— £x(rac( fram tia Pre- face, By a recent statute of the Senate at Oxford, the study of the Septuagint is, for the first time, made indispensable to all who stand for honours. Mr. Grinfield has pub. a number of serms. and theolog. and other treatises. Grinfield, Thomas. Poems, Serm., Ac, 1815-22. Griiivile, See Grenville. Grisaunt, Wm., a physician, astronomer, and mathe- matician of the 14th century, studied at Merton Coll., Oxf , and subsequently removed, first to Montpellierand then to Marseilles, where he practised with great reputation. Bale and Pits give lists of his works, none of which are known to be extant. See Bale: Pits; Aikin's Mem. of Med Gnscom, John, Prof, of Chemistry and Natural Philos. m the N. York Institution. A Year in Europe, 1818-19, N. York, 1S23, 2 vols. 8vo. " ^'^ ,''?''?'y ^^"^ '^ "■»'* "f «1«al size that contains so many practical details and statements respecting those European esta- blishments which may now be rendered useful in our own practical country. ... It is a book which, in all respects, does credit to its author as a member of the Society of Friends, and can therefore hardly fail of being interesting and useful to the public."— George Ticknor: N. Amer. Jtev., xviii. 178-192; 1824, q.v. Grisdale, Browne, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1789 4to Grisenthwaite, Wm. 1. Sleep ; a Poem, Ac, Lon 1812, 12mo. 2. New Theory of Agricult., 1820, 12mo "The pity IS that any notice of agriculture should be concealed- for, though little or no substantial good may accrue from such essays as the above work, yet it is pleasant to read the nibblinrrs of any imagination at objects that are beyond its reach, and pi°o- bably too big for its capacity. Such attempts have sometimes caught the subject m the true light, and hence amply repaid all former exertions."— ZJojmWson's Agricult. Jliog. Griswold, Alexander Viets, D.D., of the Episco- pal Church, Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, d. in Boston Mass., 184.3, aged 76. For particulars connected with the career of this excellent prelate we refer the reader to his Memoirs by John S. Stone, D.D., Phila., 8vo ; Northamp- ton, Svo. 1. On the Reformation and the Apostolic Office Best. 2. Serm.s., Phila., 1830, Svo. 3. Prayers, N. York' 4. Remarks on Social Prayer-Meetings, Bos't., 1858 12mo See a Memoir by S. K. Lothrop, in the Chris. Exam., xxxix 248, and one by S. W. S. Button, in the N. EngLinder, iii. 22?' Griswold, C. D The Isthmus of Panama, and What I Saw There, N. York, 1852, 12mc Griswold, Hiram. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct of Sr',?' '", I;f!«. t'^lumbus, 1846, Svo. This is lettered Vol. XIV. of Ohio Reports. Griswold, Rufus Wilmot, D.D., 1815-1S57 a native of Benson, Rutland county, Vermont, is a descend- ant m the ninth generation from George Griswold, of Ken- ilworth, England, and on the mothers side is descended in the eighth degree from Thomas Mayhew, the first Ooyernor of Martha's Vineyard. The fubjeit of thfs notice seems to have divided the earlier years of his life between his duties as a minister in the Baptist Church and the literary man.-,gement of a number of journals in several of the princip.al cities of the Union. Among the'e may be mentioned The New Yorker, The Brother Jona' than, and the New World. In 1842-43 he was the editor of Graham's Magazine; and from August, 1850, to April 1852 conducted The International Magazine, the plan Of which was projected by himself. Dr. GriWold was GRI a voluminous author, and had achieved an amount of labour at an early period of life— for the productions upon which his reputation is chiefly founded have been before the puljlic for a number of years— highly creditable to his literary industry. In addition to the works which we .are about to notice, he gave to the world from time to time, without his name, partly or entirely written by himself, six or eight ivorks on history and biography," a novel, seven discourses on historical and philosophical subjects, and contributions to magazines and newspapers sufficient to fill a dozen octavo volumes. 1. Poems, N. York, 1841, 12mo. Anon. 2. Sermons. 1841, 12mo. "Ilis acquirements in theology are very extensive. . . . In theo- logy he IS all bone and muscle. Ilis sermons are his Buest compo- sitions. and he delivers them from the pulpit with taste and elo- quence."— E. P. Wdipple. 3. The Biographical Annual for 1842, 12mo. An excel- lent plan, and one which it would be well to revive. 4. The Curiosities of American Literature. This was pub. as an appendix to an American ed. of Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature. 5. The Poets and Poetry of America, Phila,, 1842, Svo; 16th ed., continued to the pre- sent time, 1855. This work was a great advance upon all attempts of a similar character which had preceded it ; and in this volume and the two works which followed it The Prose Writers of America and the Female Poets of Ame- rica—we had presented for the first time A Survey of the Literature of the United States. From the many notices before us of these invaluable volumes— to which the pre- sent work has been greatly indebted— we regret that our quotations must be so few in number and so brief in extent. From Baron Frederick Von Raumer, of Prussia: _ "It is performing a valuable service when a man of taste and information makes a suitable, well-assorted selection, and guides the friend of Poetry in his rambles through those groves from which he might otherwise be deterred bv their immensity Such service has been rendered by Mr. Griswold in his Poets and Poetrv of America." •' From the London Examiner : "We must not forget to thank Mr. Griswold for his good taste and good feeling. It would be difficult to overpraise either," From Thomas Campbell, author of The Pleasures of Hope : " Mr. Griswold's work is honourable to the character and genius of the American jjeople." ^ From Bishop Potter's Hand-Book for Readers : "The critical and biographical notes are brief but discriminative and elegant. From the North American Review, Iviii. 1-39 Jan 1844, by E. P. Whipple : • "Although we deem .Mr. Griswold deserving of a little gentle correction for his literary beneficence, we are not insensible to his merits. The work belore us must have demanded the labour of years. . .We think therefore that Mr. Griswold has succeeded as well in his task as the nature of the case admitted; that his patient research and general correctness of taste are worthy of piai.se; that his difficulties and temptations would have extenu- ated far graver errors than he has committed, and that his volume well deserves the approbation it has received " From Edgar A. Poe's Literati : ™!.f,^™ ^J'T f°,°?^ '° America who could or who wotdd have « i h hei„d ™ "^ here undertaken, at once so well in accordance oV tb ^.-'l I =^T,,' °f v""* "'l'^'*'' """' "" '^'^'^ *° 'he satisfaction ^„IH = ^^li ^- " ^''^°'''^' ^l"" embarrassments, the great diffl- the scenes "'^ achievement are not easily estimated by those before Sixteenth edition. From the Knickerbocker Magazine for October, 1855 : s*""" "We can ask no better attestation of the value of a book so nre- tentious and expensive as this, than the simple word, «>?eS ed.Um upon the title-page. The successive editions ot' The Ss and Poetry of America h.ave all been, more or less, improvements upon their predecessors; but the present one is so mSch and ia all cases changed for the better, as to have theappearance of a new work , . .Printed separately as a series of critical biographi'r Dr. Griswold's Lives of the American Poets would constHute a work of remarkable elegance and of signal historical va°ue " From the North American Review for Jan. 1856. bv the editor, Rev. Dr. Peabody : ^ "In these sketches we find reason to admire the authors im- partiality and kindness. We have been unable to find a sinV?e ins ance in which he has suffered any of the usual grounds oTtr^ judice to warp his judgment or to scant his eulogyfanS where U has teen his duty to refer to obliquities of tern Jer and conduct he has done so with singular delicacy and gentleness." """' 1852 ^""^ ^'°^^ Writers of America, 1846, Svo; 4th ed., From Wm. H. Prescott, author of Ferdinand and Isa- bella : „»'liVVr.'"' r ™P°':t'">t and interesting contribution to our national literature. The range of authors is very wide; the bio- gr. phical notices full and interesting. I am surprised that the author h.as been able to collect so many particulars in this wav The selections appear to me to be made with discrimination, and GRI GRO the criticism shows a sound taste and a correct appreciation of the qualities of the writers, as well as 1 can judge." From Wm. C. Bryant : "We are ylad to pussess, in this form, portions of many authors whose entire works we should never own, and, if we did, should probably never find time to read. We confess our obligations to the author also for the personal information concerning them ■which he has collected in the memoirs prefixed to their writings. These :ire written in a manner creditable to the research, ability, and kindness of the author." From Literary Criticisms, by Horace Binney Wallace : *'He has done a useful work, and he has done it well. The book now beluie us is more than respeclal'le; it is executed ably, and in many parts brilliantly. In suuie respects it is au extra- ordinary worit; such as few men in America, perh.ips, besides its author, could have produced, and he only after years of sedulous investigation, and under many advantages of circumstance or accident. He has long shown himself to be of Cicero's mind: ^ JUi/ii quidan nuUi satis eruditio videntur, qidbus tuistra ignota sunt.'' The distiibution of the various writers into their classes, and the selectiuu of representatives of each class or type, exhibit much fikill. Many passages present fine specimens of acute, ori- ginal, and just criticism, eloquently delivered. We differ from Mr. Griswold sometimes, but never without feeling that we owe it to the public in all cases to give a reason why we do not assent to the conclusions of EO candid and discriminating a judge." From the Knickerbocker Magazine : "We commend The Prose Writers of America to a wide na- tional acceptance; with the especial advice to the reader not to overlook the excellent introductory Essay on the Intellectual History, Condition, and Prospects of the Country, which contains many noteworthy suggestions and much valuable iulbrmation." From Henry T. Tuckerman's Sketch of American Literature, appended to the Amer. ed. of Shaw's Outlines of Literature : " For the chief critical and biographical history of literature in the United ^^tates, we are indebted to Kufus W.Oriswold, whose two copious and interesting volumes, [Nos. o and 6,] so popular at home and abroad, give an elaborate account of what has been done by American writers from the foundation of the country to the present hour. These works are the fruit of great research and an enthusiasm for native literature as rare as it is patriotic." From Edgar A. Pue's Literati : " The best of the series [Nos. 5, 6 and 7] is, beyond all question, The Prose Authors of America. This is a book of which any critic in the country might well be proud, without refereuce to the mere industry and research manifested in its compilation. These are truly remarkable; but the vigour of comment and force of style are not less so; while more independence aud seltreliance are manifested than jo any other of the series. There is not a weak paper in the book; and some of the articles are able iu all respects." See also South. Lit. Messenger, xiii. 209, 381 ; South. Quar. Review, xxi. 114. 7. The Female Puets of America, 1848, 8vo ; 5th ed., continued to 1856, puV>. Philadelphia, 1S57. 8. The Prose Works of John Milton, with a Critical Memoir, 1845, 2 vols. Svo. First Amer. ed. 9. Washington uud the Gene- rals of the American Revolution, 1847, - vols. This work was edited and partly written by Dr. Griswold : he was assisted in it by W. G. Siinms, E. D. Ingraham, and others. 10. Napoleon and the Marshals uf the Empire, (iu con- junction with tbe late H. B. Wallace.) 1847, 2 vols. 11. Scenes in the Life of the Saviour, by the Poets and Paint- ers, 8vo and 12ino, (edited.) 12. The Sacred Poets of England and America, (edited,) 1849. 13. The Poets and Poetry of England in the Nineteenth Century j 2d ed., 1845, Svo; 4th ed., 1854. From the American Review, by E. P. Whipple : "No one can glance at Mr. Griswuld's volume without being impressed with the fertility of the present century in original poetry. There is one view iu which the author of a work like the present may be considered fortunate. Through his diligent labours large bodies of the people, who caunot or will not read extensively, are enabled to obtain an image of the imaginali\e literature of a great age. And what a world of thought aud feeling does its con- templation reveal Iu us!' 14. The Works of Edgar A. Poe ; Poems, Tales and Miscellanies; with a Memoir by K. W. Griswold, and Notices of his Life and Genius, by N. P. Willis and J. R. Lowell, N. York, 1850, 3 vols. 12mo; 1856, 1 vol. 12mo. It is considered by many critics that Dr. Griswold has not done justice to Poe's memory in this volume. 15. The Republican Court; or, American Society in the Days of Washington, with 21 portraits of Distinguished Women, engraved from original pictures by WuHaston, Copley, Gainsborough, Stuart, Trumbull, Malbone, and other Contemporary Painters, N. York, 1854, 4to. New ed., enlarged, with additional portraits, issued 1856, &c. In this sumptuously-printed and richly-illustrated work, a view of American society in the days of the Father of the Republic is presented, for the most part from original materials, consisting of private correspondence, Ac. From the North American Review, lx.\xi. 26-50, July, 1855. by H. T. Tiickerman : "The Uepublicau Court is the most beautiful specimen in tliia department that has yet appeared, and has the peculiar merit of a national subject. It con^ists of a fluent narrative, intended to convey an authentic and picturesque idea of social life In thia country in the days of Washington. ... In the preparation of this elegant quarto, the memoirs and correspondence of the period have been se;irched, the diaries of leading members of society gleaned, the reminiscences of survivors drawn upon, and such works as Sullivan's Letters on Public Characters, Duer's Kecollec- tions of New York, the autobiographies of French officers engaged in the war, the letters of Mrs. Adams, and Uraydon's Memoirs, carefully examined." From the Christian Examiner, No. CXC, July, 1855, by the Rev. Samuel Osgood : "This elegant volume was received by acclamation on its first appearance. \Ve are quite certain that the .sober second judgment of the public will confirm the first opinion, and in some respects magnify its approbation. . . . Its solid literary merits are )et to be fully appreciated. We do not know where else one-half so much information respecting our early American history cau be found. . . . Dr. (jliiswold has evidently been much favored iu the use of private family memoiials. and he h;ts worked up his mate- rial with much artistic taste in the grouping and great spirit ia the narrative. The volume stands among our important histori- cal monuments." From an interesting account, by Mr. Fletcher, of the interest manifested by the Emperor of Brazil in an exhi- bition of American products, collected (in 1855) by the enterprise of the former, we extract some remarks by his majesty, not without interest in this connexion : "After spending a long time in the exhibition, he exclaimed to his suite; 'That which i find the most desirable is the pei'fection of typography and binding, (alluding to the Hepuhlican Court, whicii he held iu his hand.) the beautiful specimens of steel en- gravings and chromo-lithography, and the clearness of the photo- giaphic portiaits.' Now. it is just in those departments that the iira/ilians had believed us deficient; tor almost every thing of thia kind comes from Kngland. France, and Germany."' " lie was a plodding, industrious, and careful writer, extremely well informed on American literature, but by no means an elegant, nor even a correct, though very ambitious, writer. Uewas inclined to be nietapbysicid and transcendentid, but would get out of his depth and becume unintelligible. Though he had no geniua wliatover, Dr. Griswold b;i3 done some service to literature. lie will be remembered by his compilations." — Dr. R. Shelton Mac- KENZfE. The reader who desires to learn more respecting Dr. Griswold's ch.aracteristics as an author is referred to The Knickerbocker Magazine, xxxvi. 162, xlvi. 398, and to Literary Criticisms aud Literary Portraits, by Horace Bin- ney Wallace. From the last-named authority we make a brief extract, which may appropriately conclude thia article. "The literary abilities displayed in the original portion of these works [see Nos. 5, 6, 7. and 1^1 are entitled to very high rank, and are uudoubtedly the sufficient cause of their popularity and per- manence. Dr. Griswold's style is fresh, brilliant, delicate, perhaps over-delicate, but never feeble, and rarely morbid. With unerring accuracy he always indicates the strong points of his subject; yet he indicates rather than seizes them. The outlines of truth are always traced with nicety and precision ; yet they are traced rather thanchauuelled. His coloring is refined, snft, su^rgestive; dealing iu bait-tints or mixed hues more usuall> tbaii in simple and con- trasted colors. His perceptions are keenly intelligent, and full of vitality and vividness; but they are too mercurial, fugitive, and hasty : they want fixity, persistency, and prolongation, lie touches some rich element of truth or beauty, but he dues not linger upon it to develnp and unfulJ its deep and full resunrces." — p. 2.'j9. Grocyn, Wm., 1442-1519, a native of Bristol, Eng- land, a man of great learning, was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford. In 1479 he was made Rector of Newton-Lungville, Buckinghamshire, and in 1485 Prcb. of Lincoln. He also filled the place of divinity-reader in Magdalen College, Oxford. Being enthusiastically devoted to the study of the Greek language, probably from the in- fluence of Vitelli, he visited Italy for the sake of perfect- ing his knowledge of this tongue, and studied for some time under Demetrius, Chalcondyles, and Pulitiau. Ia 1491 he settled at Exeter College, Oxford, and publicly taught the Greek language, advocating a new pronuncia- tion, which encountered violent opposition. The Uni- versity divided itself into two factions, the Greeks and the Trojans, who, not content with philological polemics, and forgetting that inter arwa lefjca silent, resorted finally to open hostilities. Of Grocyn's earnest devotion to Greek literature we have ample evidence on record : " Recens tunc ex Italia venerat Grocinus qui primus ea fetate Graecas literas in Angliam invexerat. Oxoniique publicfe professus fuerat k cnjus sodali Thoma Lynacro (Morus) Gra?cas literaa Oxonii didicit.'' — Stapleton : In lib. cui tit. De Tribus TfiomiSyin Tho. More, cap. l. '■ Grocinus, qui prima Grgecae et Latinae linguae rudimenta in Britannia hausit, mox Bolidiorem lisdem operam sub Demetrio Chalcondyle et Politiano prfeceptorihus in Italia hausit." — LlLLt: Etogia virorum doctor uni ; in KnigltVs Life of Voht. p. 24. "Ipse Grocinus, cujus exemplum afferB, nonne primum in Anglia Gnecffi linguae rudimenta didicit? Post in Italiam pro- fectus audivit snnnnos viros. sed interim lucro fuit ilLi prius a qualibuscun([ue didicisse." — Erasmus: Epist. CCCLXIII. A Latin epistle of Grocyu'a to Aldus Manutius is pre- 7i5 GRO GRO fixed to Linacre'a trans, of Proclus de Sphasra, printefl at Venice, 1449, fol. "There is nothing extant of his but this epistle: indeed, a very elaborate and acute one, and writt^nn in good Latin. . . . He was of so nit-e a titste that he had rather write nothing than write ill."' — Ehasmus. Erasmus was the friend, perhaps the pupil, of Grocyn, and may therefore be supposed to have been well informed; but Bale, Tanner, and Leland ascribe some other work.* to Grocyn. See these authorities; also Dlis.s's Wood's Athen. ,Oxon.,* Wood's Annals; Jortin and Knight's Lives of Erasmus; Knight's Life of Colet; llallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. Groom, John Ilindeii. Serm., 1800, Groombridge, Stephen. 1. Atmospherical Refrac- tion, Phil. Trans., 1814. 2. Fixed Stars, Trans. Soc., Edin., 1815. Groombridge, Wni. Sonnets, Lon., 1780, 8vo. Groome, John. The Historical Collection, Lon., 1710, Svo. This work sets forth the good works, books, &c. of the English cler;^y. Groonie, Nicholas. Purgatories Knell, Lon., 1615, 4to. Gros, C. French educational works, Lon., lSll-18. Gros, Charles Henry. Funl. Oration, 1807. fol, Gro.s, Rev. John Daniel, Prof, of Moral Philos. in Columbia Coll.. N. York, was a native of Germany. Natu- ral Principles uf Rectitude, &e. : a Systematic Treatise on Mural Philosophy. 1795, Svo. Grose, Robert. See Grosse. Grose, Francis, 1731-1791, a native of Greenford, Middlesex, held a place in the Heralds' College, whicli he resigned in 1763. He was adjutant and paymaster of the Surrey militiii, but devoted much of his time to travelling through England, Scotland, and Wales, sketching views and gathering the materials of the valuable works which he subsequently gave to the world. 1. Autiq. of England and Wales, Lon., 1773-76, 4 vols. sup. r. 4to. Supp,, 1786-87, 2 vols. sup. r. 4to. The best ed. A collec. of Plans to the above; 33 plates, 1776, r. 4to. 2d ed. of the Antiq. of England and Wales, 1783, 8 vols. imp. Svo, The eds. in 4to ])ub. by Stockdale are not valued. 2. The Antiq. of Scotland, 1780-91, 2 vids. imp. Svo. Large paper, sup. r. 4to, with proof-plates. 3. The Antiq. of Ireland, 1791-95, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Large paper, sup. r. 4to, wilh proof-plates. The historical and descriptive parts were written by Dr. Ledwich; and his Antiq. of Ireland, best ed., 1804, 4to, should accompany this work. 4. Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, 1785-86, 4to. Supp., 17S9, 4to. This work is annexed to the 2d ed. of the Militarv Antiq. 5. Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785, '88, '96. 1811, Svo. New'ed., by Pierce Egan, 182.3, Svo. 6. Military Antiq. rcsp. a Hist, of the English Army from the Conquest to the Present Time, 1786-88, 4to : 1801, 2 vols. 4to. Best ed. 7. A Provincial Glossary. 1787, "90, Svo. With Pegge's Supp.. (1814,) 1838, Svo. Pegge's Supp. contains above 1000 additional words. It was appended to Pegge's Anecdotes of the English Language, 1S14. Svo; 3d ed., 1844. Svo. 8. Rules for drawing Caricatures, 1788, '91, 1810, Svo. Reprinted in vol. i. of the new ed. of The Antiq. Repertory, 1807. &c. 9. The Grumbler : 16 Ess.ays, 1701, I2mo. Originally pub. in The English Chronicle. An improved ed. was pub. in The Olio. 10. The Olio, 1793, Svo. By Grose and others. 11. A Guide to Health, Beauty, Riches, and Honour, 1783, Svo ; 1785. 12. An Ancient Fortification ; Arehajol., 1779. 13. Ancient Spurs; Arch;uol., 1787. Grose was one of the conductors of The Antiquarian Repertory, 1775-84, 4 vols. 4to; 2d ed., 1807-09, 4 vols. 4to; pub. Rev. Wm. Darell's Hist, of Dover Castle, 17S6, imp. Svo; large paper, 1797, imp. 4to ; and to him has been ascribed Geoffrey Gambado's Academy for Grown Horsemen, 1787, '01, fol. But this is also attributed to Henry Bunbury. Grose's habits, espe- cially iu early life, were of too convivial a character for either his purse or reputation ; and many a jolly circle of "good fellows" eouhi answer promptly in the affirmative the query of Burns the poet, '' Ki?u ye aught of Captain Grose?'' Noble's sketch of his figure and peculiarities is truly graphic. See European Mag., 1791; Gent. Mag., 1791 ; Chalmers's BiDg. Diet. Grose, John. 1. Ethics, Lon., 1782, Svo. 2. Oceas. Serms., 1782-97. 3. Semis., 6 vols., 1800-16. tirose, John Henry. Voyage to the E. Indies, 17511-64, Lon.. 1766, Svo; 1772, 2 vols. Svo. In French, Paris. 1758, 12tno. Grose, Sir IVash, d. 1814, aged 74. Substance of a Charge to the Grand Jury, &g., Lon., 1796, Svo. 746 Gross, Baron. Duties of an Officer in the Field, Lon., 1801, Svo. Gross, Samuel D., M.D., b. near Easton, Penna., 8th July, 1805, Prof, of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Phila., and formerly in the University of Louisville, Ky. 1. General Anatomy, Phila., 1828, Svo. 2. Anat. and Diseases of the Bones and Joints, 1830. 3. Operative Surgery, 1829. 4. Obstetrics. 5. Woundsof the Intestines, 6. Patholog. Anatomy. 7. Foreign Bodies in the Air- Passages, 1850, Svo. *' It is a complete summary of the whole subject, and will be a useful book of reference.'* — Brit, and For. Med.-Chir. Rev. 8. Diseases of the Urinary Bladder, kc. 1851-56, Svo. "A work worthy of his high reputation."— >Fes(. Jour, of Med. and Surg. 9, Results of Surgical Operations in Malignant Diseases, 1853, Svo. 10. Discourse on the Life, Character, and Ser- vices of Daniel Drake, M.D., 1853, Svo. 11. Report on the Causes which Retard the Progress of American Medical Literature, 1856, Svo. 12. North American Medieo-Chir. Review, edited by himself and Dr. T. G. Richardson. 13. A System of Surgery, now in course of preparation. Prof. Gross has been for some time engaged on an American Medical Biography, which we doubt not will prove a most acceptable addition to the professional and general libraiy. In June, 1856, he accepted the appointment of Professor of the Institutes and Practice of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Phila., where he now resides. Grosse, or Gross, Alexander, d. 1654, Vicar of Ashburton. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1632-63. Grosse, Robert. Royalty and Loyalty, Lon., 1647, 4to. Grosse, Robert le. See Le Giiosse. Grosse, Wm. Medical treatises, Lon., 170S, both Svo. Grosseteste, Grostete, or Grosthead, Robert, 1175 ?-1253, a native of Stradbrooke, Suffolk, was educated at Oxford and Paris; Archdeacon of Leicester, 1222; Bishop of Lincoln, 1234. His name has no less than twelve different modes of spelling. He was a man of great learning, and an undaunted opposer of the usurpations of the See of Rome. For an account of his life and works — theological, philosophical, poetical, .fee. — we refer to S. Pegge's biography of him, 1793, 4to ; to Milner's Church Hist. ; and to Archaiol., vol. xiii. Pegge's list of his works occupies 25 pp. 4to ; but few of them have been pub. Among these are Opuscula Varia; Compendium Spha?ra Mundi; Commentarius in Lib. poster. Aristotelis; Dis- courses ; Letters. ''By a knowledge of Greek, when we find it asserted of some mediieval tbeologi.in like Grostete, we are not to understand an aniuaiutance with the great classical authors, who were latent in eastern monasteries, but the power of readiug some petty treatise of the fathers, or, as iu this instance, [GrostSte's trans, of the Tes- tameut of the Twelve Patriarchs from Greek into Latin,] an apo- cryphal legend, or at best, perhaps, some of the latter eommentatois on Aristotle. Grostete was a man of consideiable merit, but has had his share of applause." — llallam's Lit. Hist, of Europn. Grosvenor, Lord. Leaves from my Journal, Lon., 1854. 12mo. Grosvenor, or Grovenor, Benjamin, D.D., 1675- 1758, a native of London, pastor of an Independent con- gregation, and one of the Lecturers at Salter's Hall, Lon- don, pub. a number of occasional serms., and some theolog. treatises, of which The Mourner, and The Essay on Health, are the best-known. Serms., now first collected, with Memoir by J. Davies, and Pref. by Dr. Bogue, 1S08, Svo, *'A most popular preacher; in whose compositions there is a strantre mixtui'e of familiar and pathetic; many strong figures of speech, especially the prosopopwia and dialogism, beyond any other writer of his ai;;e." — Dr. Dodfiridge. "His language is always pure, his sentences well formed, and his ideas embellished with the most appropriate decorations." — Wilson's Disseiders. The vol. of Eastcheap Lectures, new ed., ISIO, 2 vols. 12mo, contains 24 serras. by Grosvenor, Bradford, Earle, Harris, Newman, and Reynolds. '■ To recommend such a work it is only necessary to state its subjects, [on Siu^nn;r. Prayer, Hearing and Reading the Scrip- tures,] and to name tin- distinguished preachers by whom they were discussed. In<'itiMiients. cautions, illustrations, improve- ments, are all judifiously blended. . . . The excelleuce of the volumes speaks their own praise, and secures their reputation. Thev cannot fail to prove an acceptable present to the reUgious worid."— Kev. W. B. Collter, D.D. Grosvenor, Conntess H., now Marchioness of Westminster. Yacht Voyage iu the Mediterranean, Lon., 1S42, 2 vols. p. Svo. *■ It is simply i sensible, healthy, and well-written work, utterly free from all affeetatiuns, and especially from that which ap-?s humility, and betraviug the woman of rank chicHy in the total abfsenceof all attempt to display it."— AIiSS Zliouir: Ladi/ Travel lers, Lon. Quar. Hev., Ixxvi. 1^8-137. GKO Grote, <;oor£je, M.P., the historian of Greece, b. 1704. af Clay Hull, near Beikenliam, Kent, England, is a EOii of Mr. (irote, of the well-known hanking-liouse esta- blished by Mr. George Prescott, and the griiudfather of the subject of this notice. Mr. Grote was for some time a clerk in the banking-house, and at a later period of life divided jis attention between literature and politics, but for some time past has devoted bis hours exclusively to the former. In addition to the great work by which he is best known and will be honoured to the latest period of time, he is the autliorof a pamphlet (pub. anonymously in 1S21) in reply to Sir James Mackintosh's Essay on Parliamentary Reform, in the Edinburgh Review; a work on the Essen- tials of Parliamentary Reform; an article on Mitford, in the Westminster Review, and one on Niebuhr's Heroic Legends of Greece, in the London and Westminster Re- view. The name of Niebuhr appropriately introduces the expression of his warm interest in Mr. Grote's Uistory of Greece, which was commenced 1823: ''Endeavour to beL-onie acquainted with Mr. Grote, who is en- gaged on aGi-cek History ; he. too, will receive you well if you take him my regards. If you become better aciiuainted with him, it is worth your while to oljtaiu the proofslnets nf bis work, in order to translate it. I expect a great deal Inmi tlli^ pioduction. and I will get you a publisher here:'— iS'id'uhr, tlu- Jlisiorkin, to rro/cssor Liebtr, in 1S27. The publication of the vols, of Mr. Grote's History was as follows:— V(ds. L, IL, 1S46: IIL, IV.. 1847; V., VI., 1849; Vri., VIII.. 186(1; IX., X., 1852; XL, 1853; XII., 1855. Of Vol. XII., 1200 copies were sold in one week. 2d ed. of Vols. I., IL. IIL, and IV., 1S49; 3d ed., 185L 2d ed. of Vols. V. and VI., ISol. In commendation of this truly great production, critics who seldom agree are glad to unite their suffrages. The London Quarterly de- clares that the author has '•lucontestably won for himself the title not merely of a histo- rian, but of tlte historian, of Greece.'" — xcix. 0S4. The Edinburgh Review assures us that " lie will be remembered not only as the first who has seriously undertaken a pliilosophical history of Greece, but as one who will have made Kreat steps towards accomplishing; it." — Ixxxiv. 345. — JVotice of vols. i. and ii. The succeeding volumes are noticed in the same laudatory terms. The Athenoeum styles the history " A ^-reat literary undertaking, equally notable whether we re- gard it as an accession of standard value in our l:in^;uai;e, or as an honourable monument of what KngUsh scholarship can do." The Spectator remarks that "His famili:uity with the K'eat hitrhways and the obscure by- paths of Greci;in litriiitmi- ami aiiti^uity lias seldom been eijualled, and not often :i})i>rM;i,-luii tn, in unlearned England; while those Germans who ha\e rivalled it have seldom possessed the quality ■which eminently characterizes Mr. Grote, of keepiug historical imagination severely under the restraints of evidence." The Examiner is not less enthusiastic in the expression of its admiration : '•If there existed any doubt of Mr. Grote's qualifications for this weighty undertaking, "it was, whether he would bring to it the amount of imajiinative feeling necessary to sustain and inform his SL-holarslnp. We confess that tbese volumes are a surprise to us in that respect. The acute intelli.rence. the discipline, fiiculty of intellect, and the excellent erudition, every oue would look for from JMr. Grote; but they will here also tind the element which barniMiii/.is these, and wilhout which, on such a theme, an orderly and solid w.irk couM not have been written. I'oetry aud Philo- Bopby ;iltenil the historian on either hand, and do not impede or mis'^'uide his steps." The eulogy of the distinguished historian of modern Europe is no insignificant reward for even such protracted and laborious researches as have tested the patience, the learning, and the fidelity of the historian of Greece: '•A decided libeial, perhaps even a republican, in politics, Mr. Grote has bihoured to counteract the intluence of Mitford in Gre- cian history, and construct a history of Gieece from authentic materials, which should illustrate the animating influence of democratic freedom upon the exertions of the human mind. In the prosecution of this attempt he has displayed an extent of learning, a variety of research, a power of comtdnation, which are worthy of the very highest praise, anrt have secured for him a lasting place among the historians of modern Europe." — Sir Archibald Alison : Hist, of Euro])efrom the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815. to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852. We could easily multiply commendations, but must be content to refer tho reader to the articles — which no histo- rical student should neglect — on Mr. Grote's History, in the Westminster Rev., xlvi. 381 ; Blackwood's Mag., Ixii. 129 ; Duhl. Univ. Mag., xxviii. 201 ; xxxv. 753; Eclectic Rev., 4th S., XX. 257 ; xxii. 289 ; Christian Rev., xvi. 481 ; Chris- tian Exam., xlviii. 292 ; N. Amer. Rev., Ixxviii. 150. See also The London Quarterly, vols. Ixxxvi. and Ixxxviii. ; Edin. Rev., vols. Ixxxiv., xci., and xciv. Grove, lion. Mrs. C. Calendar of Nature; or. The Seasons of Euglaud, edited with Pref. by Lord John Rus- GRU sell: 24 large plates, containing several hundred col'd figures of Birds, Fruits, &c., Lon., Pts. 1 to 4, fob, 1849-50. Grove, Edward. Serm., 1702, 4to. Grove, Henry, 16S3-17:iS, a Dissenting divine, a na- tive of Taunton, Sumersetshire, was one of the Masters of the academy at Taunton, where he had been educated, and preached to two congregations in the neighbuurhoud. Ho was the author of Nos. 5S1, 601, 626, and 635, of The Spec- tator. He pub. a number of discourses and theolog. trea- tises, among which those on Prayer, the Lord's Supper, Faith, a Future State, the Soul's Immortality, and Chri.si's Resurrection, are best known. The collective edits, of his works comprise 12 vols., viz.: 1. Serms. and Tracts, being his Posthumous Works, 3d ed., Lon., 1745, 4 vols. Svo. 2. Serms., being two addit. vols, of tho Posth. Works, 1742, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Works, containing all tho Serms., Dis- courses, and Tracts pub. in his lifetime, 1747, 4 vols. Svo. 4. A System of Moral Philosophy, edited by Dr. T. Amury, with a Memoir of his Life aud Writings, 2d ed., 1749, 2 vols. Svo. " Itesembles Watts, but more nervous. His sermons are written with an elet'ance of diction rarely to be met with. He has many judicious and new thoughts, disposed in a method quite peculiar, aud expressed with force and elet^ance. Kvery paragraph ho wrote is worthy of attentive perusal."— Dr. Doddridge. "This eminent Noucouformist was one of the most beautiful writers of his age. He excels in elegant diction and sweetness of temper."— ZJr. E. Williams's C. P. " If every trace that e'er the good adorn'd, If every si-ience that the wisest learn'd, Could merit thy regard aud ask thy love, iSehnld them join'd. and weep them lost in Grove.'* See Biog. Brit.; Life by Amury, prefixed to his Posth. Works; Drake's Biog. aud Crit. Essays, Illust. of the Taller, Spectator, aud Guardian, iii. 200-215. Grove, Joseph, an attorney of Richmond, England, d. 1764, wrote The Life and Times of Cardinal AVolsey, Lon., 1742-44. 4 vols. Svo; The Lives of the Earls and Dukes of Devonshire, descended from Sir Wm. Cavendish, 1704, Svo; and some political and other works. Grove, Matthew. The Most Famous and Tragicall Historic of Pelops and Hippodamia, Jtc, Lou., 1587, 4to. A poetical work. '• I nevei- saw. or heard of, another copy of this book : neither is it mentioned by Ames or Herbert." — jM'. note in ajly-lmfof a cop;/ of this hook b;/ Ritson. Another copy has since been found, and was — perhaps still is — in the library collected by the Marquis of Staflurd. A copy marked, in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 315, £30, was resold at Saunders's in 1S18 for £25 4s. See Bibl. Anglo- Poet.,pp. 133, 134. Grove, Robert, d. 1696, Bishop of Chichester, 1691, pub. seven tracts against Romanism, 1676-89, and two Serms., 1690, '95. One of his tracts will be found in vol. i. of Collection of Cases, &c., 3d ed.. 1718, 3 vols. Svo, and two in Gibson's Preservative, iv. 96, vi. 1. Grove, W. R. The Correlation of Physical Forces, Lon., lS4('t. '51. '55. Svo. Groveiior, Benjamin. See Grosvenor. Grover, II. M,, Rector of Ilitcham, Bucks. Theolog., dramat.. and other works, Lon., 1S2S-47. Groves, Rev. John. 1. A Greek and Eng. Lexicon, 3d ed., Glasg., 1S29, Svo; 7th ed., Lon.. 1839; 10th ed., 1849; nth ed., 1853. All the inflections in the N. Test., and many of the more difficult ones that occur in other Greek writings, will be found in this work. 2. Rudiments of the Greek Gram., 1845, 12mo. Groves, \V. Revelations, &c. ; also Hebrew, German, and Eng. Gram, and Lexicon, Lon., 1S38, 12mo. Groves, Webber, b. 1697, d. in America, 1793. Treat, on the Commercial Intercourse between G. Brit, and America. Gruchy, Martin. Serm., 1728, Svo. Griieber, Rev. C. S, Holy Baptism, Lon., 1S50, Svo. Gruggen, F.J. On Oaths, Camb., 1845, Svo. Grand, Francis J., a native of Germany, for many years a resident of the U. States of America. 1. The Americans in their Moral, Social, and Political Relations, Lon., 1S37, 2 vols. Svo; Bost., 1837, 1 vol. 12mo. "In approat-hing the consideration of its merits, we are struck with the siugidar correctness, force, and often eloquence, of the style in which it is written. The style would do high credit to any native, and to the manner born ; in a foreigner it seems won- derful. . . . The idiom of our language, which is often so suhtle, and eludes the grasp of the severest study, Mr. Grund uses with great and almost unfailing accuracy. An English critic has said that he has scarcely ever offended in this particular, except when he attempts poetical versions from Schiller or Goethe. ... To a forei'^ner who is interested in the country Mr. Grund's work will be of great value, from the amount of iutbrmatiou which it con- veys. No other work, within our knowledge, presents a view so complete of our resources in every department of life. . . . Mr 747 GRU f-fS^a'^.h '^"'•""Sh democrat. He upholds the can.« of the manv Sr ,^ f r ?"'' ^"^^^ "yo'-y opportunity (o enforce the ini portance of rehfious .lud politkal lieedom. The latter he Ml mates as the two most prominent moral causes which „,nm,ti And see a review of this work by S. Oilman in The Christian Examiner, xxiv. 2tf6, and another in the Eclectic Kev., 4th S., 11. 61. 2. Aristocracy in America. (From the Skelch-Book of a ?^^To Nobleman.) Edited by Francis Grnnd, Lon., Ibiy, 2 vols. Svo. _ '■ We assume this work to be written by Mr. Qrund, though he IS professedly only the editor. He has given two whole volumes ofsketches of manners; hut the v.T.st majority are caricatures, with- out pomt. hint, or even vraisemblance."— ion. Jthen., 1S39 947 Sec also The Museum, (Phila..) xxxvii. .^49-354. Grundy, John. Serms., 1S08, '10, '12, all 8vo. See Dr. E. Williams's Christian Preacher. Gruner, Louis. 1. Decorations of the garden Pavil- ion at Buckingham Palace, Lon., lS4fi, sm. f'ol., 15 |ilates. £1 lis. 6d.; col'd, £j be. 2. The Mosaics of the Cupohi in Cajjella Chigiana at Rome, 1S50, fob, £1 1I«. Cid. 3. Specimens of Ornamental Art, 1S50, fob, 87 plates, £12 I2«. 4. Fresco Decorations and Stuccoes in Italy, 1854 imp. fob, 56 plates. ' . Vi!:'"\^*'",','' t'"meston, or Giiniston, EUza- ico, ,. '^I'^f. ','■,""'■■'• Meditations. Memoratiues. Lou., lbU4, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 304, £6 6b. Another ed fliae anno, IJmo. •■The poetiyoftbis rare work is indifferent enough, but it con- tains some judicious maxims."— )ru«'(! Bibl Bnl Fr^r''"''''^'^.-^-*^"?'*''*' ^^"'' Hawking, Hunting, Fouling and Fishing, Lon., 1596, 4to. Gubbins, Martin R. Mutinies in Oudh. Lon.,1858 Svo Gude, R. Prac. fr. Side Ct. K. Bench, 1828, 2 vols' Guernsey, Miss Lucy Ellen. 1. Alice and Bessie: 2. Irish Amy 3. Comfort Allison. 4. Kitty Maynard. 5 Jenny and the Insects. 6. Upward and Onward. 7. The Orphan N leces. 8. The Naughty Kitten Guest, Lady Charlotte, a native of "n^ales has gamed great reputation by the publication of The Mabino- wX'b r """ ^^^^' '^l'^ " ""-g"-^' >">'' "'her Ancient Welsh Manuscripts, with English Translation and Notes, Ico;- LSveVrW.Sefs™' ''''-''' ^"-' ^""g""'" the^^SH? C.!„f I"'''"'"- , °i"- "^ ^"S"^'! Rhythms, from the Sth Lent, downwards, Lon., 1S38, 2 vols Svo Guidot, or Guidott, Thomas, M.D.. pub. a num- irro i-r n",?™ ""^ "''•"^ "f ^''"'. Islington, ie., ;^!fl w'l ^"''"'^^""iof Treatises concerning the City and Waters of Bath, 1725, Svo. Guild, Reuben A., Librarian of Brown University, P ovidence. K.I b. 1822, in West Dedham. Mass., grad on r7,1-?"'-J'^*^- ^^^ ^^"''"^^'^ Manual: A Treatise on Bibliography, comprising a Select and Descriptive List o P. c*'t? '"' lu'^''' """^''^ ^'■<' 'I'l'led .Sketches o Public Libraries, Illustrated with Engravings, N. York, Charles B. Norton, Agent for Libraries" MDCCCLVIII r^cter ' tL p'- ,?'^'^""f""y Pri>^*^d in Old English cha! racter The F.rst Part consists of a descriptive list of 495 separate works, comprising 19157 volumes of such biblio- graphical works as are considered to be of the first import- ance for a ibrary apparatus. The Second Part con ains in Europe arid America. We recommend Mr. Guild's volume to all who take an interest—and every lover of books should Tressly tTCaTs!'" '"P""'"' ^''J^'^' °f "hich it ex- Guild, Wm., D.D., 1586-1657, a native of Aberdeen edncated at Maiischal Coll., became minister of the parish of King Edward, and in 1631 one of the ministers of Aberdeen; Principal of King's Coll., Aberdeen 1640 deposed for his attachment to the royal cause I65i He was a man of learning, ability, and great benevoknce of character In addition to the following works he nub 1 number of tracts against popery, and u^on other suWects 1. The Harmony of all the Prophets cine. Christ's Com ing, Ac, Lon., 1619, Svo ; 1658, 12mo ■> Mose, II„,..-r^' or The Types of Christ in Mo^es e.vplled le"' -o'' ma? r"';:;':"''- ""^^ '"■• ""^ ^'"^ Ha';mony,'ic:'kdi^!; bUlbu"'"^'"^''^^' '■'"■ "= ""P"" »'«' Juaiciousnes5."-0™e's GUM 3. Explic. of Book of Revelations, Aberd., 1656 16mo " Very spiiilual."— Z(ic/.rrsW/i , J"mo. , t.^^P''''- "'' 'If Song of Solomon, Lon., 165S, Svo. 5 -The Tlirone of David ; or, an Expos, of the 2d Book of Samuel, Oxf 1659, 4lo. Posth. pub. by Dr. John Owen. See Life of Dr. Guild, by Dr. Shirreffs- 2d ed Ur. «illwm Cuild possessed not only the talents of i m.n 2 %*^l"."'""'"''' <^'*='''««- His Memoirs, Lon., 1761, Guilford. See Nonrn. Guilhermin, Mary. Letters, Lon., 1766, Svo. GuUlim, John, 1565?-1621, Rouge-Croi.v Pur.uiv- ant of Arms, 1617-21, was the publisher of John of Barchatn s Display of Heraldry, best cd., (the 6tb,) Lon, 1724 fob, and has already been noticed in our life of Baicham (,uillim made some additions to Barcbam's MS ; but the latter is entitled to the reputation whrch buiHim has acquired. A collation of the Display of Her- aldry will be found in Lowndes's Bibl Man Guiseard or Guichard de Beaulieu, lemn Ste- n,is;7r 'he author of a poem entitled ' The Sermon of Guiseard de Beaulieu. of which MSS. are in the British tl rrr 7.'l "j? ^■•'"""'eque RoyaU at Paris. F om the latter M.S,M. Achille Jubinal pub. the poem (pour l" premiere fois) in 1834, Paris, Svo ^^ Guise, Samuel. Serm., 1724, Svo Guise, iSaiiuiel. Catalogue of a Collection of MSS collected in Hmdostan, Lon., ISOO, 4to Guise, Wm., 1653-1684, a learned English divine rans. into English, and illustrated with a ?ommenTa?y' Dr. Bernard s Misnte pars ordinis primi Teraim Titul Sep em 1690 4to, and a tr.act. De Viitimis humanis, Svo and had partly prepared an edit, of Abulfeda's Geography' cnifeStTo°f°iis.'!!fs;.°iri;.;;f,,;rr' ~'' -''^^ \ ir longe eruditissimus."— T. S.mith. See Athen. Oxon. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. Guisy, J. Learning French. Lon., 1801 I'mo Gull, Wm. W., M.D., and Balv, Wm'., il D Re ports on Epidemic Choler.a, Lon., 1854. Svo .1,"/" '^'^'"fc' 'es'-e of these Reports, we can conscientiously sav that we do not think the College of Physicians couTd have made a more fortunate selection than the two gentlemen to wTose ahours we owe so much valuable instruction. We believe that tbeir Uork will be in future years constantly referred to and when so referred to we are confident it will always be with nle-^ sure and profit."-Bn(. and R,r. iled-Odr. liev ^ **" Dr. Baly pub., in conjunction with Dr. W. S Kirkes Advances in Physiology of Motion, 1848 Svo Gullet, Chris. On Eleter, as a preservative of plants from insects and flics, Phil. Trans 177'> Gullifer, Joseph Wm. Philos. of'Medlcine, 1S09, Gulliver, Lemuel. See Swift, Jonathan D D T *•"'!.•';.«''"' I-emuel, Jun. Modern Gulliver's Travels. J-iOn., 1 ( yb, I2mo. ' Gully, James M., M.D. 1. Neuropathy and Ner- vousness, 2d ed Lon., 1841, Svo. 2. Simple Treatment of Disease, 1842, 12mo. 3. Water-Cure in Chronic Dis- eases, 184 , p. Svo; 3d ed., 1849, 12mo; 4th ed., 1851, 12mo Ur. tiully s book is evidently written bv a Well-educ-ited ine.li' cal m.an. This work is by far the most scientilic that we hive seen on hydropathy."— £on. Athenmim. "ai we uai e seen Gully, Robert, and Capt. Dcnham. Journals of a baptivity in China m 1S42, Lon., 1843 Svo h^W'T '■io'Ple.unHdorned Narratives, with 'the Letters written by the deceased .Mr. Gully during his captivity, are well worthvof periisal. depicting, as they do vividly, thecurious iucidens arising ?h";d''ln''f'"'"",'.''°*i"''"°« ""^ '■"iteration orthe reader Sf the detail of cruelty and murder inflicted by the cowardly ofBcials of this semi-barbarous people."— ion. ri»i«. ' oracials Gulson, Theodore. See GotLsro.v. Gulston, Ant. See Glisson, Wm. Gulstou, Edward. Earthquake: Phil. Tr.ans 1763 Gumble, Thomas, D.D., chaplain to General ?„"n" 5fi7i r I'"V'«™'='-''1 Mouck, Duke of Albemarle, Lon., 1671, Svo. In French. 1672, 12mo history'whf f " "f^'Y","^ of the Tory or Royalist mode of writing the R- 7 r P:,""]'"' during the period immediafelv foUowinf 179., r ' "° '• ^'^'"'J'- -S"'-. iiii- 265-297; xiv. 163? Gumbleden, John. Serm., 1628, 4to. mJ^"?"'*^*'' •'• ^'''^' *''■ "f E'""- '" Ireland, Dull., Gummere, John, 1784-1845, a native of Willow GUM Grove, Penn., for more than forty years an esteemed and succesflul teacher of youth, discharged the duties of tui- tion successively at Horsham. Rancocus, West Town, Burlington, and Haverford. Upon his retirement from the Friends' Coll. at Haverford, he resumed his Boarding- School at Burlington, (previously conducted by him from ISU to 1833,) in connection with his eldest son, Samuel J. Gummere, " who is his worthy successor, both in scien- tific attainments and in the happy art of imparting instruction." His celebrated treatise on Surveying was first pub. in 1S14, has run through 14 edits., and is now stereotyped. Of his Elementary Treatise on Theoretical and Practical Astronomy, the 1st ed. was pub. in 1822, and the last (the 6th) in ISo-t. The excellence of this work elicited the warm commendations of l)r. Bowditeh, Prof. Bache, and other competent judges. An interesting biographical sketch, entitled Memorials of the Life and Char.acter of John Gummere, was privately printed by Wm. J. AUinson, of Burlington. It is a well-merited tri- bute to the learning and virtues of a ripe scholar and an excellent man. James I., when in the plenitude of his glory as the m.aster of three kingdoms, acknowledged that he never even then saw his stern old schoolmaster, Buchanan, without an emotion of fear. It may be truly gaid — wo speak from our own experience — that the former disciples of John Gummere never in after-life approached their old master without sentiments of affection and esteem. Gummere, Samuel R., brother of the preceding, b. in 1789, at Willow Grove, Penn., was from 1821 to 1837 the head of a popular boarding-school for girls, at Burlington, N. Jersey. He is the author of a Treatise on Geography, which was first pub. in 1817, and has passed through six or eight edits. ; and he revised the Progressive Spelling-Book in 1831. Compendium of Elocution 1857. Gunhill, D. D. Serm., 1661, 4to. Gunn, Alexander, D.D., d. 1829, minister of the Reformed Dutch Church at Bloomingdale, New York. Memoirs of Rev. John H. Livingston, D.I)., N. York, 1829. Gunn, Mrs. Anne, late Miss Youug. 1. The Mother and Daughter; a Tale, 1803, 2 vols. 2. An Introduction to Music, 1803. 8vo. Gunn, J. C. Domestic Medicine, New York, 1851, 8vo; many editions. Gunn, John. Hist. Inquiry respecting the Perform- ance of the Harp in the Highlands of Scotland, Lon., 1807, 4to. Prepared for the Highland Society. Other works. Gunn, Rev. W. M. 1. Religion in Connexion with a National System of Instruction, Lon., 1840, 12mo. "Mr. Gunu's book is one that deserves and will receive much attention."— C/i. "/ Eng. Quar. Sen. 2. Rudiments of the Latin Language, 1848, ISmo. Gunn, Rev. Wm. 1. Historia Britonum of Nennius, with an Eng. version and notes, Lon., 1819, 8vo. '• Many ditf use and unnecessary notes.'' — }Vrig?U's Biog. Brit. Lit. See Nesxics. 2. Gothic Architecture, 1819, Svo. *' Displaying very considerable erudition." — Lowndes's Bihl.Man. 3. Cartonensia; Hist, of the Tapestries in the Vatican. Gunn, Wm. A., Curate of St. Mary. Woolnoth, London. Scrms. and Letters, with a Memoir by J. Saun- ders, Lon., 1807, '12, Svo. Mr. G. was curate to the Rev. John Newton. " He was ' a burning and a shining light.* Wonderful was his eloquence. Serious, zealous, impassioned, he communicated his own agitation to the souls of others.'" — O.VESlMUS. Gunning, Mrs., wife of General Gunning, d. 1800, pub. several novels, a poem, Ac, Lon., 1791-1803. Gunning, Miss. See Plunkett, Mr,s. Gunning, Fred. Law of Tolls, Lon., 1833, Svo. Gunning, H. Reminiscences of the Town and County of Cambridge, Lon., 1854, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., same year, 2 vols. p. Svo. Gunning, Peter, D.D., 1613-1684, a native of Hoo, in Kent, educated at. Fellow and Tutor of, Clare Hall, Camb., deprived for refusing to take the Covenant; re- stored, 1660 ; Preb. of Canterbury : Master successively of Corpus Christ! and St. John's Coll.. Camb. ; and Regius and Lady Margaret Prof, of Divinity ; Bishop of Chi- chester, 1670; trans, to Ely, 1674. 1. A Contention for Truth, Lon., 1658, 4to. 2. Schism Unmasked, Ac., Paris, 1658, Svo. 3. The Paschal or Lent Fast Apostolical and Perpetual; a Serm. on Luke v. 35-38, Lon., 1662, 4to. New ed., Oxf., 1845, Svo, in Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol. " He was a man of great reading, and noted for a special subtilty of arguing;." — Bistu/p Burnet's Own Times. GDR " He was admired by great scholars, as well abroad as at homo, for bis profound divinity; was noted much also in England for his diffusive ch.irity." — Alhen. Oj-fm. See these authorities; also Masters's Hist, of C. C. C. C. ; Bentham's Hist, of Ely ; Walker's Sulferings of the Clergy, Pt. 2, 142; Cahimy; Salmon's Lives of the Bishops; Lon. Gent. Mag., Ixiii. 15. Gunning, Richard. Sinall-Pox, Lon., 1804, 12mo. Gunnison. Capt. J. W., d. 1S53, U.S. Corps Topo- graphical Engineers. Hist, of the Mormons of Utah : their Domestic Polity and Theology, Phila., 1S52, 12mo. This valuable Report was pub. by order of the U.S. Congress. Gunter, Rev. Edmund, 1581-1626, an eminent mathematician, the inventor of the famous Rule of Pro- portion, or Line of Numbers, which has made his name a synonym for accuracy, was a native of Hereford, and edu- cated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1619 he was elected Prof, of Astronomy at Gresham Coll., London. He was the author of several mathemat. treatises, — Canon Triangulo- ruin, The Sector and Cross St.aff, ic.,— of which collective edits, have been several times pub. Works, 5th and best ed., corrected, Ac. by Will. Leybourne, 1673, 4to. Some copies bear the date of 1680, and are called 6th ed. See Biog. Brit.; Hutton's Diet; Ward's Gresham Professors. Gunter, Peter. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to. Gunton, Symon. 1. God's House, Lon., 1657, Svo. 2. Hist, of the Church of Pet.erburgh, pub. by Symon Patrick, D.D., 1686, fol. Epitome of do., 11th ed., Peterb., 1807, Svo. Guppy, Mrs. Dialogues for Children, ISOO, 2 vols. 12mo. Guppy, R. Municipal Corp. Act, Lon., 1835, 12mo. Gurdon, Brampton. 1.16 Serms. at Boyle's Lect, Lon., 1721, '22, '32, Svo; 1739, fol. 2. Serm., 1723, 4to. 3. Prophecy, 1728, Svo. Gurdon, Philip. Christian Character, 1778, 12mo. Gurdon, Thornhagh. Hist, of the High Ct. of Parliament, Lon., 1731, 2 vols. Svo. Gurdon, >V. Statutes rel. to Game, Lon., 1839, 12mo. Gurnall, Wm., 1617-1679, educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb.; minister at Lavenham for 35 years; appointed Rector in 1644; and episeopally ordained at the Restora- tion. A man of great excellence of character. 1. Serm., 1660, 4to. 2. The Christi.an in Complete Armour, 1656- 58-62. 3 vols. 4to. New ed., 1844, Svo. '■Full of allusions to scriptural facts and figures of speech, generally well supported; sanctified wit. holy fire, deep experience, and most animated pnictical applicutiuns." — Dr. E. MVIiams's C. P. " Spiritual and evangelical, with much Christian experience." — Bicl^ershlh's C. S. 3. Funl. Serm., 1672, Svo. Gurnay, Rev. Edmund. 1. Vindic. of the 2d Com- mand., Camb., 1039, Svo. 2. Appendix to do., Lon., 1660, 12mo. Gurney, Rev. Archer. 1. Love's Legend, Ac; Poems, Lon., 1845, fp. Svo. 2. K. Charles the First; a Dram. Poem, 1847, '52, fp. Svo. 3. Poems, 1853, p. Svo. 4. The Transcendentalists. 1853, p. Svo. 5. Songs of the Present, 1854, 12mo. 6. Iphigenia at Delphi, 1855, Svo. Gurney, Arthur. Providence and Free Will, 1581. Gurney, Auber. Faust; Part Second; from the Ger- man of Goethe, Lon., 1843, p. Svo. "Executed with much taste and great ability."— -iJeWi'n. Mag. for Foreign Lit., April '28, 1843. •'In one word, this English version is more agreeable, more flow- ing, more fi esh, more clear, than mauy of the enigmatical passages of the original." — Leip^c Literary Gazettr, June 6 and 7, 1813. Gurney, Daniel. Supplement to the Record of the House of Gournay. Lon., 1S58. Privately printed. Gurney, Rev. Edmund. See Girnav. Gurney, Hudson, M.P. 1. The Golden Ass of Apu- leius; in English verse, entitled Cupid and Psyche, Lon., 1799, 4to and Svo; 3d ed., 1801. An excellent trans. 2. Baveux Tapestry, 1S17, 4to. Gurney, Rev. John Hampden. 1. Three Serms., Lon., 1845, fp. Svo. 2. Historical Sketches, 1400-1546, 1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1858. 3. Second Series, 1855, fp. Svo. 4. The Grand Romish F.alLacy, 1854, fp. Svo. 5. Grave Thoughts, Ac, 1855. 6. Serms., 1856. 7. Serms., 1857. 8. Four Serms., 1857. 9. Historical Sketches, 3d Ser.. 185S. Gurney, Joseph, and Gurney, William Brodie, short-hand writers. Joseph pub. Brachygraphy, Lon.. 1751, 12nio; 15th ed., improved Ijy Thomas Gurney, 1825, 12nio. Gurney, Joseph John, 1788-1847, an eminent phi- lanthropist, and a distinguished minister of the Society of Friends, was a native of Earlham, near Norwich, where the family have possessed great influence for the last two centuries. Mr. Gurney was the brother of the excellent Elizabeth Fry, and a zealous co-labourer with her in many GUR GUT enterprises of Christian benevolence. After passing through a course of preparat(»ry study, the subject of this notice resided for some time at Oxfttrd, under the charge of a private tutor, and attended the lectures of the University without becoming a member and without subscribing to the Thirty-Nine Articles. Upon the completion of his education Mr. Guruey became a member of the eminent banking- house estahlished by his father, and henceforth devoted much of his time to secular business, but was also actively engaged in many philanthropic researches, and in the zealous dischjirge of his duties as a minister (recognised in ISIS) of the religious society to which he was attached. In addition to missionary tours among the prisons of Scot- land, England, and Ireland, Jlr. Gurney paid three visits to the Continent in 1841-43, and passed three years (1S37- 40) in travelling in America. For the particulars connected with the life of this truly excellent man, we refer the reader to his Memoirs, by J. B. Braithwaite, Norwich, 1854, 2 vols. Svo; Phila., 1854, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. Svo. See also his Memoirs, by J. Alexander, Lon., 1S47, 12 mo; London Christian Observerfor February and March, 1847; Lou. Gent. Mag. for March, 1S47; Memorial of J. J. Gurney, a Poem, by B. Barton, 1S47, 4to ; An Examina- tion of the Memoirs and Writings of J. J. Guruey, by Wm. Uodgson, Jr., Phila., 1856. Mr. Gurney was the author of numerous works which gained him a highly respectable rank in the Republic of Letters, of which the following are the principal : — 1. Notes on Prisons and Prison Discipline, Lon., 1819, 12mo. Re- viewed by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., xxxv. 286- 302. 2. Letter to a Friend on Christianity, 3d ed., 1824, 12mo. 3. Ohservations on the Religious Peculiarities of tho Society of Friends, 1824, 12mo and Svo. It passed thi'ough seven eds. in the lifetime of the author. " The best defence of the Quakers; it was ably met in the British Review." — Bicl-ersteth''s C. S. 4. Essays on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Practical Operations of Christianity, 1827, Svo. Trans, into Ger- man and Spanish. " A very valuable summary and defence of evangelical views." — Sickersteth's C. S. " Mr. J. J. Uurney, if he had been a clergyman instead of a Quaker, would have deserved a bisbopric for bis book upon the Evidences of Christianity." — Zion. Qnor. linv. 5. Biblical Notes to confirm the Deity of Christ, 1830, Svo. "An able, solid, and profitable critical illustration of texts on the subject."' — Biclcersteth's C S. 6. Brief Remarks on the History, Authority, and Use of the Sabbath, 1831, ISmo. " Like every thing which proceeds from this author's pen. it dis- plays solid erudition and acute reasoning, unitt^d to true simplicity of mind and fervent piety." — Lawitdes^s Brit. Lib. 7. Portable Evid. of Chris'y, 2d ed., 1832, ISmo. New ed., 1841, ISmo. 8. Four Lects. on the Evid. of Chris'y, 1834, ISmo. 9. Treatise on tho Habitual Exercise of Love to God considered as a Preparative for Heaven. ISmo and Svo : 7th ed., 1S4S, ISmo. 10. Letter to a Clerical Friend on the Accordance of Geological Discovery with Natural and Revealed Religion, 1835, 12mo. "TVe greatly mistake if this tract, from the pen of our excellent friend. Mr. Gurney. will not be found eminently serviceable to the interests of revealed religion.'' — Lmi. Evangel. Mng. 11. Sabbatical Verses, 1837, Svo. '• We do not consider that he was a poet of a very high order ; but we might select fi-om that volume, and from others of his verses, some etfusions which evince taste and fueling, attuning devout ideas to the voice of melody." — Lon. C/iristian Obsei-ver. 12. Familiar Sketch of Wm. Wilberforce, 1840, ISmo, 13. A Winter in the West Indies, described in Familiar Letters to Henry Clay, of Kentucky, 1840, Svo; 4th ed., 1841, 18mo. 14. Terms, of Union in the Bible Society. 15. Puseyisra traced to its Root, 2d ed., 1845, Svo. \Q. Thoughts on Habit and Discipline, 12mo and Svo; 2d ed., 1844, 12rao; 6th ed., 1852, 12mo. " Its tone is decidedly religious, but itsmethod is philosophical, while its style is popular." — Lfin. Athenaeum. Mr. Gurney also pub. Treatises on the Right Applica- tion of Knowledge, and on other subjects. His Minor Works have been pub. by Gilpin, of London, in 2 vols. Svo. Mr. Gurney was thrice married: first, to Jane Birbcck, ■who died in 1822 ; secondly, to Mary Fowler, who died in 1836; and, thirdly, to Eliza P. Kirkbride, who survives him. As a Christian, a philanthropist, and a man of ex- tensive and accurate learning, Mr. Gurney was amply entitled to the extraordinary respect and veneration which was accorded to him by men of all ranks of life and all classes of opinion. Guruey, Richard, Jr. Fables, Lon., 1809, 12mo. Gurney, Thomas. System of Short-Hand, Lon., 1843, fp. Svo. 750 Gurney, W. B. System of Short-Hand, 16th ed., Lon.. 1S43, 12ino. Guruey, >Vm, 1. Serm., 1808. 2. Serra., 180S. Gurney, Rev. Wm. Pocket-Dictionary of the Holy TJible, L-.n., 1820, ISmoj 1834, 24mo. From Calmet, Bi^own, and others. Gurwood, Colonel John, R.N., C.B., and Deputy- Lieut, of the Tower of London, d. 1845, entered the army in 1808, and served under the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula and at AVaterloo. He filled the post of private secretary to the Duke, and was therefore well calculated for the laborious duty of editing his De.>;patches and Orders, which he performed in a highly creditable manner. The mental toil and anxiety involved in this undertaking perhaps proved indirectly the cause of the colonel's death he committed suicide in a fit of insanity produced "by relaxation of his nervous system, in consequence of his great work, ' The Weliington Despatches,' being con- cluded." — Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb.lS46 ; where will be found an interesting biography of this distinguished soldier. The Despatches of the Duke of Wellington, 1799-1818, — which may be entitled a history of British military opera- tions for that period, — were pub. in 13 vols. Svo, including the Index, 1835-38. New ed., 8 vols. r. Svo, 1843-48; also in 1853, S vols. Svo. Selections from, 1842, r. Svo; also in 1850, r. Svo. To the Despatches must be added The General Orders of the Duke, 1809-18, — also compiled by Colonel Gurwood; — 1837, 8vo. ''Colonel Gurwood tikes occasion, but much too seldom, to in- troduce short notes of his own, in order to eludidate circumstances which the text of the letters does not explain. We greatly wish that he had been less diffident on this score. . . . The 5uke"s high- spirit.'d and able Editor." — Kouert Socthey : Lon. Quar. Itcv» Iviii. 82-107. "The most authentic and valuable of biographical productions. It is analogous to Sparks's Life and Writings of ^Vashington."— • Chancellor Kent. Colonel Gurwood also arranged The Duke's Speeches in Parliament, pub. in 1853, 2 vols. Svo. For a notice of The Despatches and Orders, and estimates of the literary character of the author, see Wellington, Arthur. \fEi4'' LESLEY, Dl'KE OF. Gutch, J. W. G. Literary and Scientific Register, Lon., 32mo. Pub. annually, 1842-56. Gutch, John, d. 1831, aged ^Q, Registrar of the Univ. of Oxford. Rector of St. Clement's, and Chaplain of All-Souls' College. 1. Collectanea Curiosa; or, Miscell. Tracts reL to the Hist, and Antiq. of Eng. and Ireland, the Univ. of Oxford and Camb., d, by the hand of a master."— CA i-ts. Qlisrrrer. Dr. Guthrie has also pub. A Plea in behalf of Drunkards against Drunkenness, and edited a new ed. (Edin., 1856, fp. Svo) of Berridge's Christian World Unmasked. He was one of the four leading men — the other three being Drs. Chalmers, Cunningham, and Candlish — connected with the disruption of the Established Church of Scotland and the institution of the Free Church of that country. To him also humanity is indebted for the establishment of the Edinburgh original Ragged or Industrial School, which has been productive of vast benefit to the poorer classes. Guthrie, Wni., 1620-1665, minister of the parish church of Finwick, 1641-64. The Christian's Great Interest. New ed., Lon., 1705 ; Glasg., 1755, Svo. With Memoirs of the Author, Ac, Edin., 1797, 12mo; 4th ed., with Introdue. Ijy T. Chalmers, D.D., Glasg., 1844, 12mo; 7th ed., 1S50, 12mo. Tr.ans. into French, High and Low Dutch, and (at the expense, it is said, of the Hon. Robert Eoylej into one of the Eastern languages. Dr. John Owen called this book his Vade-Mecum, and added, '■ I have wrote several folios, hut there is more divinity in it than them all." " An e.-ccellent work."— i3idcrs(rt7/'s C. S. A sermon of Guthrie's on Sympathy, and Memoirs of his Life by Rev. Wm. Dunlop, will be found in the Select Biographies edited for the Woodrow Society by Rev. W. K. Tweedie, Edin., 1845-47, 2 vols. Svo. Guthrie, Wm., 1708-1770, a native of Brechin, a Bchoolmaster in Aberdeen, and subsequently an author in London, pub. a number of works and trans, from Cicero and Quintilian. 1. Hist, of England to 1688, Lon., 1744- 51, 3 vols, fob Reprinted in 1771. " A Tory history of England, by no means destitute of merit." '■Now [1824] rarely consulted. ' — Jjihdin's Lib. Cutiip. Ralph's Hist, of England may be read as a continuation of Guthrie's. 2. Hist, of the English Peerage, 1763, 4to. 3. General Hist, of the World, 1764-67, 12 vols. Svo. 4. A General Hist, of Scotl.and to 1746, 1767, 10 vols. Svo. 5. New System of Modern Geography, or a Geog., Hist., and Commercial Grammar, ic, 1770, Svo. Many edits. ; last, by Davenport, 1843, ISmo; last ed. of the Atlas, 1840, 8vo. It is asserted that the bookseller, and not Guthrie, was really the compiler of this popular work. 6. Chronological Taijle, 1744, Svo. Guthrie was a contri- butor to the Gentleman's Magazine and to the Critical Review, and the author of many political p.imphlets, Ac. pub. without his name. See Lysons's Environs, vol. iii. ; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes ; BosweU's Life of Johnson ; Disraeli's Calamities of Authors. " Sir, he [Guthrie] is a man of parts. He has no great regular fund of knowledge, but by reading so long and writing so long he has no doubt picked up a good deal." — Dr. Johnson to Hoswell. Guthrie, Wm., ALD., of St. Petersburgh. Con. to Med. Cm., 1777, '94, '95. Guthry, Henry. See Guthrie. Gutzlatt, Itev. Charles, D.D., 1803-1851, a native of Pyritz, Pomerania, a missionary in Java, Singapore, Siam, and China, from 1826 until his death at Canton, was the author of many works — theolog., historical, philo- logical, legal, critical^ ic. — in Dutch, Latin, Siamese, Cochin-Chinese, and English. An interesting account of his life and labours will be found in the London Gent. Mag. for Dec. 1851. See also The International Mag., (N. York,) vol. i. 317-318; iv. 707. Three or four of Dr. GWI G.'s works are well known to the English reader, viz.: 1. Chinese History, Lon., 1834, 2 vols. Svo. "We cordially recommend this exceedingly interesting account of this very interesting country."— ir«i. Keview. "An authentic and interesting picture of China."— CsjxCELLOB Kent. 2. China Opened; ed. by Rev. A. Reed, 1838, 2 vols. p. Svo. "A superficial, yet, on the wbole. pretty good, sketch of China and it« inhabitants."- JfcC««oc^'s Lit. nf Polit. Emn. " By far the most interesting, complete, and valuable account of the Chinese Empire that has yet been published."— ioii. San. 3. A Journal of Three Voyages along the Coast of China, 1831-33 ; 3d ed., 1839, p. Svo. . v , ., '• The work of a man who has done more to break down the barrier which prevents the entrance of Christian missionaries into China than any other human being."— X'>n. Edectic Heriew. '■Mr UutzlafTs voyages are replete with surpassmg interest. He is a wonderful man, a heroic Christian, and a zealous philan- thiopist."— .ScoKis/i Piht. , T, c /If 4. The Life of Taon Kwang, late Emperor of China, 1852, p. Svo. Reviews of Mr. Gutzlaff's accounts of China will 'be found in the Amer. Quar. Rev., xvii. 100, ("a learned and masterly production." — Cn.iSCELLOR Kent;) Lon. Quar. Rev., li. 468 : by E. G. Smith, in Chris. Quar. Spec., V. 691; by B. B. Edwards, in Amer. Quar. Obs., i. 330. See also Lieber's Essays on Property and Labour, ed. 1854, p. 67. Guy, J. Songs, Catches, Ac., 1799. Guy, Joseph, Prof, of Geography at the Royal Mili- tary College, Great Marlow, has pub. many educational works on Astronomy, Geography, History, Arithmetic, Ac., which maintain a high reputation. Guy, Joseph, Jr., of Magdalen H.all, O.xford, son of the preceding, was his father's assistant in some of the works just noticed, and has himself pub. a number of volumes on Grammar, Arithmetic, Ac. Guy, Melmoth. Cancerous Cases, Ac, Lon., 1777, Svo. Guy, Richard. W.o-ks upon Cancers, Ac, 1755-65. Guy, Thomas, d. 1724, aged SO, the founder of Guy's Hospital. His Last Will, Lon., 1725, Svo. Guy, W. A. Principles of Forensic Medicine, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo. Amer. ed., by C. A. Lee, N. York, 1845, Svo. Guy, Wm. Dislocation; Med. i'acts, 1794. Guybon, Francis. Empiricism, Lon., 1712, Svo. Guyse, John, D.D., 1680-1761, a Calvinistic Inde- pendent divine, settled at Hertford, and subsequently in New Broad Street, London, pub. a number of Serms., Dis- courses, Ac, but is best known by The Practical Exposi- tor; or. An Exposition of the N. Test, in the form of a Paraphrase, with Notes, Ac, Lon., 1739-42, 3 vols. 4to; 1760, 3 vols. 4to : called the best ed. Other eds., iu 6 vols. Svo, Edin., 1775, 1808, '14. '■ Dr. Ct. has shown his solid judgment and learning ; and, with- out affectation and needless pomp of criticism, has given the reader as full a view of the sense of the best interpreters, and as compre- hensive an insight into the scope and meaning of the New Testa- ment, as is likely perhaps to be met with in the same compass of words." — MlDDLETON. " A heavy work. In the paraphrase various and often discord- ant senses are lirought together. The notes do not throw much light on the text. It is far inferior to the similar work of his friend and contemporary. Dr. Doddridge, [The Family Expositor.]'' —Ormr's Biltt. Bib. *• If this work has not an air of elegant criticism and modern re- finement, like the Family Expositor, [of Dr. Doddridge.] it is very sound and judicious, expressed in a style significant, perspicuous, and correct, though not ornamented." — Dr. E. Williams's V. P. - '•Very useful to a miuister, though too heavy for the general reader.'" — Birkf.rstHh's C. S. ■■ His paraphrase has never been very popuhir."— Siwne's Bill. Bib. '■It displays sound judgment, an intimate acquaintance with the original, considerable critical acumen, with much seriousness aud zeal for truth."— BoocE ANn Bexxett. His work on the Holy Spirit (greatly admired) has been recently (Lon., 1840, r. Svo) repub. His sermons, pub. separately and collectively, and at various dates, have been highly commended: " His discourses the reader will find judicious, weighty, serious, evangelical, and instructive."— iri'to/i's Dissenters. '•Evangelical and practical."— iJiclers(c»rs C. S. Gwilliam, or Guillim, Sir Henry, Chief-Justice of the Isle of Ely. 1. Bacon's Abridgt. : see Bacon, Matthew. 2. A Charge, 1799, 4to. 3. Acts, Ac rel. to Tithes, 1801, 4 vols. r. Svo; 2d ed., by C.'Ellis, 1825, 4, vols. r. Svo. GwiUiam, John. Poems, Ac, Lon., 1813, Ac. GwiUim, John. See Glillim. Gwilt, Joseph. Encyc. of Architecture, illus. by upwards of 1000 engravings on wood, Lon., 1842, Svo; 3d ed., 1854, Svo. ■'This elaborate and learned work constitutes a complete body of architecture." — Lmo .^1°° i.\" f^°"''n™"l'ousands have testified to the merits of this ltt7^ y I "" "'."""'■.'^ "^' this portion of his writings has lI Alt. "" "'"""■^ '° '"' "«""">' aopreciatld."- Ilabersham, A. W., U.S.N. My Last Cruise; being an Account of the U.S. North Pacific Exploring Expedi- Uon ; 2d ed Phila., 1857, Svo. Highly commended. Habershon, Matthew. 1. Prophetic Scriptures, Lon., 1S34, 40 '42, Svo. 2. A Guide to the Study Chronological Prophecy, 1S35, 12mo. "" 'S written in a praclicol .ind Christian .spirit, and well di- BlcSas™ ™ *"■ "" ""'^ ''""" "■"" taportant relTks.'?! 3 Revelation of St. John, 1841, Svo ; 1844, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Premillennial Hvmns, 2d ed., 1841 ISmo Habington, -Thomas, d. 1647, collected thematerials which formed the basis of Trcadway Nash's Hist, of Wor- cestershire, and was engaged in some other literary labours He was implicated in Babington's and in Essex's conspi- racies, and in the Gunpowder Plot. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. Habington, William, 1605-1645, son of the pre- ceding, was educated at the College of St. Omer, and in- tended for a Jesuit, but in preference he married Lucy, daughter of William Herbert, first Lord Powis, by Eleanor daughter of Henry Percy, first Earl of Northumberland: This lady first as the object of his courtship and secondly as his wife, he has celebrated in his poems under the title of Castara. Under this name also his poems were col- lected and pub. in 1634, Lon., 4to; 2d ed., 1635, 12mo; 3d ed 1640 12mo. New ed., with a Pref. and Notes by C. A. Elton, Bristol, 1S14, Svo. Also in Johnson and Chal- mers s Eng. Poets, 1810. .,11*1"^ ^"^^"i^ "'.'?'■'' '^leK''">«, much poetical fancy; and are almost everywhere tinged with a deep moral cast, whi/h ought to ?m.7h?J'"'l'\"''c'r'' Pf™--'™'"- Indeed I cannot eailyaccom? ^i!%ifnfs:i 'p^a^T^^r '■ '"''"''' '^"™" ■■ ^*- ^"•' ""• Wi' ^"p't "^ ^'' ^'""'^ deserve being revived."— flead/cy's Anc. "As an amatory poet he possesses more unaffected tenderness and delicacy of sentiment than either Carew or Waller, with an elegance of versification very seldom inferior to his more favoured oontemporariea."— Thomas Pare. i»."oi™ But aurll alteram partem: 763 j".!!"' a middling poet of the worst school of poetry, pos- sessed the coldness without the smoothness and polish of Waller and sacrificed grace and feeling to the utterance of cleverer strange things: his amatory poetry is without passion, his funeral elegils V itliout grief, .and his paraphrases of scripture without the warmth or ^elevation of the original."— ion. Xetrosp. Kev., xii. 274-286: '■ The poetry of Habington is that of a pure and amiable mind, turned to versification by the custom of the day, during a reai passion for a lady of birth and virtue, the Caslari whom he aftel- wards marriHi; but it displays no great original power, nor is it bv any ineans exempt from the ordinary blemishes of hyperbolical compliment and fai-fetched imagery."-ifa/ta.«'s Lit. HM. of Jiiirojie. •' 2 The Queene of Aragon ; a Tragi-Comedie, 1664, foL And in Dodsloy's Collec of Old Pl.iys. '-The play, indeed, possesses little that can be praised either in incident, character, or imagery."-ife,r<,sp. Rn., uhi supra. 3. Hist, of Edward the IV., King of England, 1640, fol. Written and pub. at the desire of K. Charles L It is re- printed in vol. i. of Kennett's Hist, of England. 4. Obser- vations upon Historic, 1641, Svo. Wood observes that tho Hist, of Edward TV. was '■ By many esteemed to have a stile sufficienllv florid, and better beconnnga poerical than historical subject.'-;.//,..,,, him ,Vv: ISlo" Dramat; and Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets, Hack, Maria, a sister of Bernard Barton, has pub. hmglish Stones of the Olden Time, Grecian Stories, Tales of Travellers for Winter Evenings, and other popular juvenile works. Haeke,Capt.Wm, A Collection of Original Voyages, Lon 1699, Svo. This collection contains part of the ori- ginal material for the History of the Bucaniers : Capt Cowley s Voyage round the Globe, Capt. Sharp's Journey over the Isthmus of D.^rien and Expedition to the South Seas, Capt. Wood's Voyage to the Straits of Magellan, Ac. Hacket, Mrs. Poems, 1804, Svo. Hacket, John, D.D., 1592-1670, a native of London, fclT'"' S' ^"°' ^''"■' ^'"^^■' !'«<■'"' °f Stoke-Hamon IblS; of St. Andrew's, Holborn, London, and of Cheam Jurrey 1624; Archdeacon of Bedford, 1631; Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1661. As a theologian he was a zealous Protestant and a moderate Calvinist; as a man he was in great reputation for piety, hospitality, generosity, and benignity. 1. Comcedia Loila, data per Job. Hack'»t Epis. Litchfield, Lon., 1648, Svo. This Latin comedy was twice acted before James L 2. Serm., 1660, 4to. 3. A Century of Serms., with the Author's Life, by Thos. Plume, B.D., 1675, fol. HAG HAG "Bishop Hacket and T go on well after supper. His are comical sermODS: half Koman Catholic in their conceits, full of learning which would be utterly unprofitable if it did not sometimes call forth a shrewd remark, seasoned with piety, and having strong good sense mixed up with other ingredients, like plums iu a pud- ding which has not too many of them." — Southey's Life and Oj'- resp. 4. Scrinia Reserta: the Life of Archbishop Williams, 1693, fol. Abridged by Ambrose Philips, 1700, Svo. Abridged by W. Stephens, 1715, 4to. ''Full of cuiious matter." — Disraeli. "■ What a delij^htful and instructive book Bishop Ilacket's Life of Archbishop \Villiams is! You learn more fiom it of that whirh is valuable towards an insight into the times preceding the Civil Wars, than from all the pouderous histories and memoirs now com- posed about that period." — Coleridge. Another critic remarks that this work, "Though full of elaborate and pedantic absurdity, insomuch that it was roundly declared by a great judge of style to be the worst-written book in the language, nevertheless abounds with new and cuiious matter." — Lon. Quar. Jicv. A new ed. of his Christian Consolations, with a Memoir, was pub. in 1840, fp. Svo ; and a treatise of his on Fasting will be found in Tracts of Angl. Fiithers, iv. 163. *' He abounded not only with great learning, acute wit, excellent judgment and memory, but with an incomparable ictc^rity. pru- dence, justice, piety, charity, constancy to Uod and to his fiiend in adversity, and iu his friendship was most industrious to fulfil it with good offices. His motto was. Serve God, and he chearfulL" — ■ Dii. Campbell : Biog, Brit., q. v. ; also Life by Dr. I'lnme, prefixed to his Sermons; Oen. Diet,; Athen. <>xon. ; (>ent. ^lag., vol. Ixvi. Hacket, Lawrence. Serm.. 1707, 4to. Hackett, Horatio B., b. December 27, 1S08, at Salisbury, Mass. ; grad. at Amherst College, 1830; studied Theology at Andover, and afterwards at Ilalle, in Germany ; Prof. Ancient Languages in Brown Univ. from 1835 to 1839. Since then Prof, of Hebrew and Biblical Interpretation in Newton Theological Institution. 1. Plutarch de sera Numinis Vindiota, with a body of Notes, Andover, 12mo. 2. Chaldee Grammar, translated with Additions from the German, 8vo. 3. Hebrew Exer- cises for the use of Theological Students. 4. A Commen- tary on the Original Text of the Acts of the Apostles, 1853, 8vo: 2ded., 18oS. 5. Illustrations of Scrijiture, suggested by a Tour in the Holy Land, Bost., 1855, 12mo. pp. 340. Prof. Ilaokett has also contributed to various literary and theological reviews. See N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858, 235. Hackett, James. Expedit. which sailed to S. Ame- rica in 1817. 1818, Svo. Hackett, James Thomas, b. in Cork, Ireland, 1805, sou of John Hackett, Is the author of various pamphlets on railway statistics, building, and mathematics. Hackett, John. Epitaphs, Lon., 1757, 2 vols. 12mo. " An excellent collection." — Lowyidt's^s Bihl. Man. Hackett, Roger. 1. Serm., 1591. 2. Do., 1593, 1628. Hackett, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Down and Con- nor.1672; deprived for simony, 1694. Serm., Lon. ,1672,4to. Hackett, Capt. Wm. Cavahy, 1811, Svo. Hackewill, Wm. See Hakeweli- Hackitt, Thomas. 1. Voyage of Vezarianus, 1524. 2. Voyage of Kibault, in 15G3. These are iucluded in Hakluyt's Voyages, 15S2, 4to, q. v. Hackle, Palmer. Hints on Angling, Lon., 1846. Hacklcy, Charles W., b. March 9, ISOS, at Herkimer, N. Y. ; entered Military Acad., West Point, as Cadet, in 1825; grad., 1829; Assistant Professor of Mathematics at West Point until 1832 ; studied law, and afterwards theo- logy, and was ordained a clergyman in the Prot. Episcopal Church in 1S35; Prof. Mathematics iu the Univ. of New York till 1S38; afterwards Pres. of Jefferson College, Mis- sissippi; Rector of St. Peter's Epis. Church in Auburn, N. Y. ; and Prof, of Mathematics and Astronomy in Co- lumbia College, N. Y., {since 1843.) 1. Treatise on Algebra, N. Y., 1846, Svo. This is considered one of the most full and complete single treatises on this subject in any language. 2. A School and College edition, abridged from the same, Svo. 3. A treatise on Geometry, 1S47, 12mo. 4. A trea- tise on Trigonometry and its applications to Navigation, Surveying, Nautical and Practical Astronomy, &c., and Geodesy, 1851, '54, Svo. 5. Haslett's Mechanics', Machin- ists', and Engineers' Practical Book of Reference: and the Engineer's Field-Bo.,k; edited by C. W. II., 1856, 12mo. HackUiyt, Kichard. See Hakluvt. Hackmau, Rev. James. His Letters: see Sir Her- bert Croft's Love and Madness. Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, first Earl of, d. 1637, left a number of legal MSS. — Practics, Decisions of the Ct. of Session, 1592-1624, &c.— for an account of which see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, sixth Earl of, d. 1785, was the author of Forty Select Poems, 1737, '61, 48 *65, 'S3. Tales in Verse, and a Treatise on Forest Trees, 1761. See Park's "Walpole's K. and N. Authors. Haddock, Charles B,, D.D., b. 1796, late minister from the U. States to Portugal, is a native of Salisbury, (now Franklin,) N. Hampshire, and a nephew of the late Hon. Daniel Webster. An interesting biographical sketch of this eminent scholar and divine will be found in the International Magazine, ii. 1-3. Addresses and Miscella- neous Writings, Cambridge, 1846, Svo. Dr. H- has been a contributor to The Biblical Repertory, The Bibliotheca Sacra, and ether periodicals. He has now in preparation a work on Rhetoric. Haddo, James. Baptism, Edin., 1704, 4to. Haddon, Walter, 1516-1572, a native of Bucking- hamshire, one of the revivers of the learned languages in England, Fellow of King's Coll., Cauib., became President of Magdalen Coll., Oxf., and Prof, of Rhetoric and Ora- tory in the University. Ho was one of the authors of The Reformatio Legnm Ecclesia.'«ticarum. A collective edit, of his works, consisting of 10 Latin Orations, 14 letters, and some poems, was pub. in 1567, Lon., 4to, under the title of Lucubrationes, &c. His Poemata were pub., with his Life, in 1576, 16rao. When Queen Elizabeth was asked whether she preferred Haddon or Buchanan in point of learning, she replied, '■Iluchananum omnibus antepouo, lladdonum nemini postpouo," An eminent modern critic considers that Haddon's merits as a Latinist have been overrated: " Many of oui' own critics have extolled the Latiuity of Walter Iladilon. His Orations were published in 1567. They belong to the first years of this peiiod. [1550 to 1000,] but they seem hardly to deserve any high praise. Haddon bad certainly laboured at an imitation of Ciceio. but without catchinj; his manner or getting rid of the florid, semi-poetical tone of the fourth century.'' — Hal- lam'-' Lit. Ili^t. of Eurr,j>c. Haden, Charles Thomas. 1. Med. Guide for Fa- milies, Lon., 8vo. 2. Alcock's Diseases of Children, Svo. 3. Formulary rel. to Morphine, &c.: see Ddnglisok, Rob- lev, M.D., LL.D. Haden, Thomas. Case of Rupture, Trans. Med. and Cbir., isiu). The patient recovered. Hadfield, James. Gothic Arehitec. of Esses, Lon., 1848, fol. A work of great value to the antiquary as well as to the architect. Hadfield, Thomas. 1. Serm., 1733, Svo. 2. Do., 17:^7, svM. Hadley, George. Trade Winds, Phil. Trans., 1735. 2. Meteorolog. Diaries, ib. 17.'>5. Hadley, Capt. George. Hist, of Kingston-upon- Hull, 1788, 4to. Capt. H. pub. some grammat. works upfin the Persian language, &c., 1776-1809. Hadley, John, d. 1744, whose name is connected with the invention of the quadrant and of a reflecting telescope, contributed a number of papers on astronomy, nat. philos., Ac. to Phil. Trans., 1723—46. He was Vice- President of the Royal Society. Hadley, John. Chem. Lects., Camb., 1758, Svo. Hadow, James. Antinomianism, Edin., 1721, 12mo. Hagiiar, Henry. The Order of Causes, of God's Fore-Knuwledge. &c., Lon., 1654, 4to. Haggard, John, LL.D. 1. Reports in Consis. Ct. of London, Lon., 1822, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Rep. in H. Ct. Admi- ralty, 1832-38, 3 vols. Svo; 1S25-40. Continued by Dr. Wm. Robinson. 3. Rep. of the Judg. in Dew r. Clark and Clark, 1826, Svo. 4. Rep. of the Judg. rel. to Grace, 1S28, Svo. 5. Rep. in Eccles. Cts., 1S27-32, 4 vols. Svo. Haggerstone, George. Remarks on a Serm. preached by Rev. W. Graham. Lon., 1773, Svo. Haggerty, Francis, D.D. Serm., 1810. Ilaggett, John. See Haggitt. Haggitt, Francis, D.D. Serm., .Ike, 1810, '13. Haggitt, George. 1. The Sacrament, Lon., 1793, Svo. 2. Serms., 1796, '97, 2 vols. 8voj 1825, Svo. " Plain and practical sermons ; written in simple and unoraa- mented language." Haggitt, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. Two Letts, on Gothic Architecture, Camb., 1S13, r. Svo. Haghe, Louis, b. in Belgium, 1822, for many years a resident of England. Sketches in Belgium and Ger- many, 3 series, 1840, '45, '50, all imp. fol. "This work is an honour to the Artist and a credit to the country, as containing first-rate specimens of artistic skill." — Lon. M. B.>st. Mr. II. has pub. several other works, ''illustrating with, masterly fidelity the archa;ological treasures of his native country." See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856. Hagthorpe, John. Divine Meditations and Elegies, Lon., 1622, sm. Svo. 2. Visioncs Rerum, 1623, sm. Svo, 7&a HAG HAK England's Exchequer; or, A Discourse of the Se« .and 1 and Providence of God in the Government of the World, Navigation, 1625, 4to. Respecting the three precedin works, see Brydges's Brit. BiMiog., i. 2.'i6-240 ; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 925, 926. A vol. entitled Hagthorpe Re- vived, printed entirely on India paper, was struck off at the Lee Priory Press, by Sir i^. E. Brydges, for the mem- bers of the Ro.tburghe Cluh, 1S17, 4to. Hague, Thomas. Political tr.acts, ISO.S, '09, '10. Hague, William, D.D., a native of New York, a Baptist minister, now (1856) settled at Albany, N. York. 1. The Baptist Church transplanted from the Old World to the New, N. York, 1S46, 12mo. 2. Guide to Conversa- tion on the Gospel of John, Boston. 3. Review of Drs. Fuller and Wayland on Slavery, 18mo. Answered by the Rev. Thos. Meredith. Raleigh, N. C. 4. Christianity and Statesmanship, N. Y'ork, 1855, 12mo. 5. Home Life: 12 Lects. on the Duties and Relations of the Family Circle. .See Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Os.soli, i. 184. Hahn, James, and Placido and Justo Gener. The Steam Engine for Practical Men, Lon., 1854, 8vo. " A veiy useful puide to the Practical Engineer." — L^n. Ciril EiifJ't^o^r inni ArrhitecVs J'Hirnaf. Haig, Charles. Corp. Act of Ireland, Dubl., 1841, 12mo. See 1 Legal Reporter, 175. Haig, James. Topog. and Hist. Account of Kelso and Roxliurgh, &c., Ediu., 1825, 8vo. Haig, James, Tlie Sep.aration of Law and Equity, Ac., Lon., 1841, 12mo. See 5 Jurist, 1026. Haigh, J. Day Schools, 1816, 18mo. Haigh, James. 1. The Dyer's Assist., Leeds, 1778, ]2nio. 2. Hint to Dyers, Ac, Lon., 1779, 8vo. Haigh, Samuel. Sketches of Buenos Ayres, Chili, and Peru, Lon., 8vo. "We recommend the book as an unpretending production, aboundiufr in fair and impartial observatinns. in interestiug facts, in description of manners faithful, while they are picturesque." — Lon. Atlit'tiiTiim. Haigh, Thomas. 1. Conjuga Latina, Lon., 1808, ]2mo. "2. Diurnal Rcailings. 1814. 12mo. Haight, Rev. Benjamin, Rector of AU-S.aints' Church. N. York. Address liel'ore the Philolexian Soe. of Columbia Coll.. May 17, 1840, N. York, 1840, 8vo, pp. 31. | Haight, Mrs. Sarah Rogers, formerly Miss Ro- gers, wife of Mr. Richard K. Haight, of New Y'ork, has embodied the results of many years' foreign travel in two popular vols., entitled Letters from the Old World, N. York, 1840, 2 vols. 12mo. "These are delightful volumes of familiar epistles fiom Egypt. .Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor, Turkey, and Greece; and the impres- sions they give us of those intensely-interesting regions ai-e so vivid and lifelike, that we have more than om:e iu reading them imagined ourselves with the gifted lady-author in ' the laud of the east — the clime of the sun.'" Haigliton, John, M.D. Profess, con. to Med. Com., 1789 ; to Memoirs Med., 1789, '92 ; to Phil. Trans., 1795, '97. Hailes, Lord. See Dalrvmpi.e, David. Hailes, C. Reward of the Mcrcifull, Lon., 1595, IBmo. Hailes, VVm. Serm., 1722, 8vo. Hails, W. A. 1. Invention of the Life-Boat, 1806, 8vo. 2, Nuga; Poeticte. 1S06. Hails, W.H. 1. Deity of the Messiah. 2. Socinian- ism Unscriptural, 181.1. Hailstone, John. 1. Lects. on Mineralogy, 1791, ;vo. 2. (Tcology of Cambridgeshire, Geol. Trans., 1816. Ilainam, Hanam, or Hannam, Richard. 1. His uife, Lon., 1656, 4to. 2. His Last Farewell to the World, 1666, 12mo. 3. His Speech and Confession, 1656, 4to. tiainam was a famous thief, and died under the gallows. There was pub. a work entitled The English Villain, or rbe Grand Thief; being a full Relation of the desperate ,ife and death of Richard Hainam, Lon., pp. 14. Haines, Charles G., d. 1826, aged 32, a native of Canterbury, New Hampshire, practised law in New Y'ork. Among his writings are — 1. Considerations on the Erie Canal, 1818. 2. Memoir of T. A. Emmet, 1829. Haines, Richard, pub. several treatises on Trade, Work-Houses, Alms-Uouses, Ac., Lon., 1670-84. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. Haiward, John. The Strong Helper ; teaching in all Troubles how to cast our Burden upon God, Lon., 1614, 8vo. Hake, Edward, pub. some theolog., historical, and other treatises, Lon., 1574-1604. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Hakevvill, George, D.D., 1579-1649, a native of Exeter, educated at St. Alban's Hall, Oxf , became Arch- deacon of Surrey, 1616. He pub. several theolog. treatises Oxf., 1627, '30, '36, fol. „ , ^ c , " There have been many great inquests, remarks Josnua Kyl- and serms., 1608-41, and the f illowing work, by which he is best known : An Apologie or Declaration of the Power 75* vester, , , ,, ^.„ , " To tind the cause why bodies still grow less. And daily nearer to the pigmies' size." Hakewill, however, contends that the earth does not decay as it grows old, and that nature is not debilitated with age. He has treated his subject with much ability, and his work has been highly commended by Abp. Usher, Dr. Warton, Dugald Stewart, and others. "Those who think the World is degenerated would do well to read it."— I*r. J. M'urton to Alex. Pnpf. "The production of an uncommonly liberal and enlightened mind, well stored with various and choice learning, collected both from ancient and modern authors." — Dooald Stewart. " A work admirably interesting, as well by its piety as its learn- ing."— Todd. . " Some of the good old archdeacon's topics may excite a smUe in these times."— SoiiTBEY. " A celebrated work, highly commended. The style of Johnson was much formed upon that of Hooker. Bacon, Sanderson, Hake- will, and others.—' Those Oiants,'as a great personage calls them." " The learning shown iu this treatise is very extensive ; but Hake- will has no taste, and cannot perceive any real superiority iu the ancients." — Ha/lam's Lit. Hint, of Europe. See Athen. Oxon. ; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy; Lloyd's Memoirs ; Usher's Life and Letters. HakCAvill, James, architect, 1. Ccelehs; a Novel, 1812, sm. 8vo. 2. Hist, of Windsor, Ac, Lon., 1813, imp. 4to, .and 1. paper. 3. Picturesque Tour of Italy, 1816-17, 63 engravings from drawings, by J. M. W. Turner, 1820, 4to, and 1. paper, fol. " One of the most beautiful and really instructive works of its kind in this country." — Dibdiri's Lib. Omp. This should accompany Eustace's Tour, and Addison and Forsyth's Travels. 4. Tour in Jamaica, 1820-21, r. 4to, and 1. paper, 1825. 5. Elizabethan Architecture, 1847, 8vo. Hakewill, VVm., M.P., .an eminent lawyer, educated at Exeter Coll.. Oxf, elder brother of George, pub. several political and other treatises, of which the following are the best-known ;—l. Liberty of the Subject, Lon., 1641, 4to. 2. Modus tenedi Parli.amentum, 1641, '71, 8vo ; 1659, 12mo. " He was a grave and judicious counsellor, bad sate in divers parliaments, and out of his great and long conversation with an- tiquity did extract several remark.ablo observations concerning the liberty of tlic subject, and manner of holding of parliaments.'" — See uiiss's Wnod's Athen. Oxou. Hakluyt, Richard, 1553 ?-1616, Preb. of Bristol and of Westminster, and Rector of Wetheringset, Suffolk, was a native of London or its vicinity, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He took gre.at interest in the voyages made by his countrymen and others ; and it is to his in- dustry and enterprise that we are indebted for the preser- v.ation of accounts which would otherwise, in all proba- bility, have been entirely lost to the world. 1. Diners Voyages touching the Discouerie of America and the Islands adjacent unto the same, Ac, Lon., 1682, 4to. 2. Foure Voyages unto Florida, Ac, by Capt. Loudonniere and others. Trans, from the French, by R. Hakluyt, 1587, 4to. The year preceding he had this work pub. at Paris, in French. Ho .also had pub. at Paris, in 1587, an im- proved ed. of Peter Martyr's work, De Orbe Novo, 8vo; and at his suggestion this work was afterwards trans, into English, by M. Lok, and pub. under the title of The His- toric of the West Indies. It is repub. in the Supp. Vol. to the reprint of Hakluyfs Voyages. 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to. See Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xi. 100-123: 1S25. 3. The Prin- cipal Nauigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Diseoueries of the English Nation, made by sea or over land, to the most remote and farthest distant quarters of the Earth, at any time within the compasse of these 1600 years, 1589, fol. This is the first ed. of the celebrated collection to which Hakluyt principally owes his fame. It is exceedingly rare; and Jadis's copy, (see his cat., 339,) with a map re- ferred to in the preface, {see next sentence,) and an account of Sir F. Drake's Voyage, 6 leaves, inserted between pp. 64.3-644, sold for £26 6s. " But the best map of the sixteenth century is one of uncommon rarity, which is found in a very few copies of the tirst edition of H.altluy t's Voyages. This contains Davis's 8tr.aits, (Fretum Davis,) Virginia by name, and the lake Ontario. ... It represents the ut> most limit of geographical knowledge at the close of the sixteenth century, and far excels the maps in the edition of Ortelius at Ant- werp in 15SS." — HaUaiii's Lit. Hist, of Europe, q. v. An enlarged ed., comprehending 1600 years, appeared 1598-99-1600, in 3 vols, fol., bound in 2. In some of the copies, the Voyage to Cadiz, forming pp. 607-619 of the Isl vol., is wanting, or supplied by a reprint. It was sup- pressed by the order of Q. Elizabeth, after the disgrace of the Earl of Essex. The scarcity of these vols, induced Mr. Evans to publish a new ed., edited by Mr. G. Woodfall, HAK HAK 1S09-12, 5 vols. r. 4to, £15 15s. — 250 copies printed: large paper, imp. 4to, £31 lOs. — 75 cupios printed. This ed. contains an accurate reprint of the best folio ed., with the addition of those voyages which wore pub. in the 1st ed. and omitted in the 2d. The above reprinted matters are included in vols, i., ii., and iii., and part of vol. iv., of the new ed. The latter part of vol. iv., and the whole of vol. v., are taken up with voyages printed by Ilakluyt, or at his suggestion, subsequent to the publicatiun of his Collec- tion, and a tract from a MS. entitled The Omission of Cales Voyage stated and discussed by the Earl of Essex, and a MS. of Brocfinicre. This Supp. was alsu pub. in a sepa- rate vol., 1812, 4to. The contents areas fnlbiws — reprints : 1. Galvano's Discoveries of the World, IHOl. 2. Davis. The World's Hydrographicnl De.-cription, 1595. 3. Brocquiere, Voyage d'Outreraor. From a MS. 4. Eden, Navigation and Voyages of Lewis Vei*?omanus. 5. A Voyage made by certain ships of Holland to the East Indies, 1598. 6. The prosperous and speedy voyage to Java, performed by 8 ships of Amsterdam, in 1598^99, (ItlOO.) 7. Newes from, the East Indies ; or, a Voyage to Bengalla, 1638. 8. The Fardle of Facions, 1555. 9. The Conquest of the grand Canaries, 1599. 10. The History of the West Indies. A trans, of P. Mar- tyr's Decades. 11. Virginia richly valued, by the description of the maine land of Florida, 1609. 12. A Discovery of the Bermudas, set forth by Silvanus Jourdan, 1610. 13. A true copy of a discourse on the late voyage to Spain, 1589. 14. The omissions of Cales Voyage stated by the Earl of Essex. From a MS. In the original edits, uf Hakluyt's Collection — see No. 3 — which arc contained in vols, i., ii., iii.. and part of vol. iv., of the reprint of 18119-12, will be funnd narratives of nearly 220 voyages, with many relative documents, con- sisting of patents, letters, instructions, &q. The first part of the CuDection consists of Voyages to the North and the Northeast; the true state of Ireland; the defeat of the Spanish Armada; the expedition under the Earl of Essex to Cadiz, (fee. The second part entertains us with voyages to the South and Southeast; and in the third portion our curiosity is gratified and our mind enriched by the account of expeditions to North America, the West Indies, and round the world. Of this invaluable storehouse of enter- taining, amusing, and instructive matter, and of its col- lector, we shall have more to say presently. 4. Two Re- membrances of things to be undiscovered in Tui'key, touching our Cloathiug and Dying, 1592. 5. A Trans, from the Portugese of Antonio Gulvaro's Hist, of the Dis- coveries of the World, from the first Original to a.d. 1555, 1601, 4to. 6. A Trans, from the Portugese of Virginia, richly valued, Ac, 1609, 4to. Reprinted in Supp. to new ed. of Hakluyt's Voyages, 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to. 7. Hist, of the Travailcs, Discouery, and Conquest of Terra Florida, by Don Fcrdinando de Soto, 1611, 4to. 8. Hakluyt's MSS. Remains, which would have formed another vol., fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, and were dispersed by him throughout his Pilgrimes, (Hakluyt Posthumus.) 5 vols. fob, 1625-26. For further particulars respecting Hakluyt and his publications, see Biog. Brit.; Oldys's Librarian; Athen. Oxon. j Locke's Explan. Cat. of Voyages prefi.xed to Churchill's Collection of Voyages ; Clarke's Progress of Maritime Discovery; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. As few — very few — bibliographers can ever hope to exult in the possession of a set of the Voyages of De Bry, it is no small consolation to l>e able to secure, at a trifling ex- pense, the five goodly quartos, 1809-12, which compose the Hakluyt Collection. " But what a biblint^mphical cord am I striking," says that amiable enthusiast, Dr. Itjixlin. "in the mention of thy Travels of De Bry I What a ' Pfr''!iriii-ifi"ii' Joes the possession of a copy of hii^ labours imply I Wh;tt toil, diffiL-ulty. perplexity, anxiety, and vi:xatiou attend the colleptor — be he young or old — who sets his h*-art upon a perfect I>e Bry ! How many have started forward in this pursuit with pay spirits and well-replenished purses, but have turned from it in despair, and abandoned it in utter hope- lessness of achievement!" — Library Cbmpunvm. But what a tempting, yet what a hydra-headed, theme, have we almost unconsciously approached ! But we cannot linger even over a dish so epicurean and highly flavoured. Let the veritable bibliographer, who longs for a rich repast, refer to the Bibliotheca (Jrenvilliana, 184-191. The grand eeries of vols, there described now reposes in the British Museum, and, with the addition of those which were already in the library, may claim to be one of the principal orna- ments of that noble institution. But we are happy to add that the most complete set of De Buy in existence is in the possession of an American gentleman, Mr. James Lenox, of New York, collected by the anxious toil of many of his agents in various parts of the world, and at an ex- pense, it is asserted, of not less than £4000. But to return to Hakluyt: it is amusing to observe the diffidence with which old Anthony a Wood ventures a timid vaticination respecting the future status of the wild country to which so many adventurers recorded by Hak- luyt's industry steered their barques : "Which work," says Anthony, referring to Hakluyt's Collec- tion, "being by him performed with great care and industry, cannot but be an honour to the realm of England, because pos- sil)Iy many ports and islands iu America, that are bare and bar- ren, and only bear a name for the present, may prove rich places iu future time." — Athen. Oxon. Could Anthony now open his eyes upon the twenty-five millions of people in the United States, doubtless he would claim no small credit for his discernment. The author of the Explanatory Catalogue of Voyages prefi.xed to Churchill's Collection of Voyages, said to be the cele- brated John Locke, characterizes Hakluyt's Collection as *' Valuable for the good there to be picked out : — but it miyht be wished that the author had been less voluminous, delivering what was really authentic and useful, and not stuffing his work with so many stories taken upon trust, so many trading voyages that have nothing new in them, so many warlike exploits not at all pertinent to his undertaking, and such a multitude of articles, charters, privileges. letters, relations, and other things little to the purpose of travels and discoveries." But we think that this criticism is open to severe anim- adversion. Every item excepted against is a valuable portion of the great whole. An eminent authority thus compares the respective merits of Hakluyt and Purchas as compilers of voyages: "We have in our own language as good and as bad collections as ever were made; one instance of each may sufl3ce. Mr. Hak- luyt was an able, ingenious, diligent, accurate, and useful com- piler; and his collections are as valuable as anything in their kind; on the other hand, I'urchas his Pilgrims are very volumin- ous, and for the most part a very trifling and insignificant collec- tion : his manner, for I cannot call it method, is irregular and confused; his judgment weak and pedantic; his remarks often eilly, and always little to the purpose. This shows how much depends upon the care and skill of the collector; who on the one hand is to provide what may entertain and please, and on the other is tte. Haldane, Kobert, 1704-1842, a brother of the pre- ceding, entered the Royal Navy. 1780, but retired in 1783, and became an Independent itinerant minister. He laboured with great zeal for the propagation of the Go.«pel, both at home and on the Continent. He expended £30,000 in the erection of houses of worship, and educated 300 young men under Dr. Bogue and Mr. Ewing, as preachers to otSciate in thciu and in other stations. For an account of his abundant labours, see the Memoirs, Ac. of Alex- ander Haldane, attic. As a writer he gained considerable reputation by the following works : — 1. The Evidence and Authority of Divine Revelation, Edin., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1839, 2 vols. fp. Svo. In Freuch, Montauban, 1817, 2 vols. 12mo. " This is a very excellent book on the necessity, the evidences, and the subject of revelation. It is distinguished from most works of the kind by the excellent views of t'luistiiinity which it contains, and the decided m.^nner in which it tiililiis.^cs men concerning the salvation of the gospel and theiiifniilr impurtauce of attending to their eternal interests." — Onttti's Bibl. Bib. 2. The Verbal Inspiration of the Scriptures maintained and established; the Books of the 0. and N. T. proved to be Canonical, &c., Edin., 1830, 12mo ; 6th ed., lS53,12mo. "Mr. llaldane's views of the subject deserve serious considera- tion."— BictcrsW/i's C. & "Distiugui.shed for comprehensive and vigorous thinking." — JjOVjitddi^s Brit. Lib. " A standard work on the momentous subject of which it treats." —Edin. Clttistiittt histritcUir. 3. Expos, of tho Epistlo to the Romans, with Remarks on the Commentaries of Macknight, Tholuck, and Stuart, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 12mo ; 1842, 3 vols. 12mo; 1S52, 3 vols. l^mo. HAL *'Cnlvin and n.aldane stand alone — the possessors as expositcrs of this Kpistle of nearly equal honours." See Kdin. Presl^yteriau Review. May. 1836; Jan. and Nov. 1837. *■ Oalvinietic and evangelical; answering those who take opposite views in these points." — Bicl^ersUllt's C. S. • .'' As Mr. Haldane had commented rather severely on Dr. Tholuck, the translator of the professor's Exposition, [Kev. Itobt. Menzies.j in 1838, published an Answer to Mr. Kobert llaldane's Strictures, in Svo. Tholuck rejects the horrtltih liecrcttijti of Calvin, which Mr. Haldaue fully receives. Mr. Menzies iias temperately replied to his strictures." — Ilortie's Bibl. Eib. Haldeman, Professor S.S.,b. in Lancastercounty, Penna., 1812, a distinguished writer on natural science, philology, Ac. 1. Freshwater Univalve MoUusca of the United States, Phila., 1840-44, Svo. '■ Very well done in a scientific point of view, and perfectly exe- cuted in regard to the plates and typography." — Bet^ue Zool., Paris, 1842. 2. Zoalogical Contributions, Phila., 1842^3. 3. Ele- ments of Latin Pronunciation, Phila., 1851, 12mo. "That pliilosoj.hical talent and tact, so essential for investiga- tions in n;itui;il s. ifiice. which he is well known eminently to possess, he ttas ln-ii- ta-ought to bear on the elements of the Latiu langu.age witti peculiar success." — itercf.rshurg Jteview, 18.52. " His procedure is eminently original, and is precisely the ono to lead to results that may be relied oa."—Meth. Quar. Btv., Oct. 1861. 5. Zoo- 4. Taylor's Statistics of Coal, 2d ed., 1855, Svo. logical portion of Trego's Geography of Penna., 1843. 6. Zoological portion of Rupp's Hist, of Lancaster CO., Penn., 1844. 7. Monographe du genre Leptoxis; in Chenu's Illustrations Conchyologiques, Paris, 1847. 8. Cryptocephalinarnm Boreali America; Diagnoses cum spe- ciebus novis; Trans. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1849. 9. On some points of Linguistic Ethnology, with Illust. chiefly from the aboriginal languages of America; Amer. Acad., Bost,, 1849. 10. Zoology of the Invertebrate Animals, in the Iconographie Encyc, N. York, 1S50. 11. Cons, to N. York Lit. World, 1852-53. 12. Cons., about 80 papers, of which a list is given in Agassiz's Bibliographia Zoologia;, chiefly in natural sciences, in the publications of the Amer. Sci. Assoc; Amer. Acad., Bost,; Amer. Phil. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. ; U. S. Agr. Soc. ; Silliman's Jour. ; Quar. Jour, of Agr., Albany; and Penna. Farm Jour., of which he edited vol. i. Hale. Sin against the Holy Ghost, 1677, Svo. Hale, Mrs. Poetical Attempts, Lon., 1800, Svo. Hale, Ben.jamin, D.D., b. 1797, at Newburyport, Mass., grad. at Bowdoin Coll., 1S18. 1. Introduc. to the Mechanical Principles of Carpentry, Bost, 1827, Svo. 2. Scrip. Illust. of the Liturgy of the Prot. Epis. Church, 1835, 12mo. Hale, Charles, b. 1831, in Boston, Mass., a son of Nathan Hale, LL.D., grad. at Harvard Coll., Cambridge, 1850, author of several pamphlets; contributor to the N. Amer. Rev., and the Amer. Almanac; in 1862 established and edited To-Day, a Boston Literary Journal, which was pub. for one year. Mr. H. is now junior editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser, the oldest daily in Boston, having been pub. and edited by Mr. H.'s father (the senior editor) from March 1, 1814. to the present time, 1858. Hale, David, 1791-1S49, a native of Lisbon, Conn., editor of the New Y^ork Journal of Commerce from its commencement in 1827 until his death, was a vigorous writer, and a man of great excellence of character. See notices of his life and writings in tho Christian Examiner, xlviii. 282, by A. P. Peabody; Liv. Age, xx. 373; N. Eng., Tiii. 129. Hale, Edward Everett, a son of Nathan Hale,LL.D., b, 1822, in Boston, M,ass., grad. at Harvard Coll., Camb., 1839 ; pastor of the Church of the Unity at Worcester, Mass., till 1866, and of tho South Congregational Church, Boston, since that time. 1. The Rosary, Bost., 1848, 12mo, pp. 290. 2. Margaret Percival in America, 1850, 12mo, pp. 284. 3. Sketches of Christian History, 1850, 12mo, pp. 230. 4. Kansas and Nebraska, 1856, 12mo, pp. 256, and a map. Editor of the Boston ed. of Lingard's Hist, of England, of tho Christian Examiner, author of many pamphlets on theolog. and polit. subjects, and contributor to many of the leading Reviews. Hale, Enoch, M.D., b. 1790, took tho degree of M.D. at Harvard University, 1813, and entered imme- diately upon the practice of medicine at Gardiner, Maine, which he continued at that place with distinguished success until the year 1816, and from that time to his death in Boston, Nov. 12, 1814. He was an active member of tho Massachusetts Medical Society and of the American Aca- demy of Arts and Sciences, and during the active practice of his protijssion he contributed to the cause of medical science by several independent publications of high author- HAL HAL ity, and by frequent essays and papers in tlie medical journals. Hale, Horatio, a son of Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, gradu- ated at Harvard College iu 1S37, where he was so highly distinguished for his aptitude iu the acquisition of lan- guages, that whilst still an undergraduate he was selected to fill the post of philologist t<' the United States Exploring Expedition commanded by CupUiin Willtes. The result of his learned investigations will be found in vol. vii. — Ethnography and Philology — of the series of works which compose the history of that noble enterprise. Jlr. Hale's intelligent labours have elicited warm commendation from highly respectable authorities, both at home and abroad. The distinguished English philologist, Dr. Latham, iu his recent work on the Natural History and Varieties of Man, remarks that Mr. Hale's work contains "tho greatest mass of philological data ever accumulated by a single inquirer." The following lines give perhaps as good an account of this great work as could be conveyed in a brief description : *■ The first 2'2d pages are devoted to Ethnography, or an account of the customs, religion, civil polity, and origin of the cations of the several countries and islauds visited by the Expedition. The remaining 44U pages comprise the I'hjlulogy of the sauio regions. The various dialects of I'olynesiu are treated of under the general head of a comparntive grammar of I'olynesia, followed by a I'oly- nesian lexicon. The languages of the Fejee Islands, the Kiugs- mill-s Kotuma, Australia, and northwest coast of America, and some dialects of Patagouia and youthern Africa, come next under consideration. We feel assured that a glance at the work will ex- cite surprise in all at the amount of information collected, and pleasure at the system and perspicuity with which the whole is presented." — Avier. Jour, of Scieiia:. An interesting account of Mr. Hale and his work will be found in the North American Review for July, 1846, to which we must refer our reader. It is no slight praise to award an author that he has "Succeeded iu giving a certain classical completeness to his work, wiiich makes it a model fnr future labourers in the s;ime or in similar fields of research. The style of this volume is marked by rare excellences, and those of the highest order. It is terse, compact, and business-like, to a remarkable degree. ... It is a transparent medium of expression for a richly-informed, clear- thiukiug, sti-aight forward mind; it presents the meaning of the writer strongly and directly to the mind of the reader, instructing while it gratifies." — N. Amm: Rev.: ulii supra. After the completion of this work Mr. Hale visited Eu- rope and other portions of the Eastern Continent, and on his return was admitted to the bar. He is now engaged in the duties of his profession, but occasionally steals an hour from his briefs to contribute a prize essay ou his favourite theme to some periodical in this country or in Great Britain. Hale, John. Surgical Case, Lon., 1787, 8vo. Hale, Sir Matthew, 1H(J9-1676, one of the most eminent ui lawyers and excellent of men. was a native of Alderlcy, Gloucestershire, entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1626, and admitted of Lincoln's Inn, 1629. He refused to take any part in the political troubles of his time, though strongly opposed to the murder of Charles I. In 1652 he ■was one of those appointed to efiect a reformation of the law, and iu the next year was by writ made sergeant-at-law, and one of the judges of the Common Bench. Upon the Restoration, Charles II., in 1660. made him Chief-Bardu of the Exchequer, and in 1671 he was promoted to the high dignity of Lord Chief- Justice of England. Eor the particulars respecting his life, and legal, theological, and scientific publications, we refer to authorities cited below, and also to a recent publication — Memoirs of the Life, Character, and Writings of Sir M. Hale, by J. B. Williams, Lon., 1835, 12mo. "A volume which clearly and agreeably presents the legal rise and progress of a great lawyer and worthy man. The book should of necessity occupy a place in the lilaary-shelf devoted to British worthies." — Lon. and Wxatminister Rev. A collective ed. of his Moral and Religious Works, now first Collected and Revised, edited by the Rev. T. Thirl- wall, with the Life by Bishop Burnet, and an Appendix, etc., Lon., 1S05, 2 vols. 8vo. A new ed. has been pub. Among his best-known miscellaneous works are his Con- templations, The Primitive Origination of Mankind, The Knowledge of Christ Crucified, (new ed., by the Rev. David Young, Glasg., 1828, 12mo,) and his Letters to his Children. Several of his minor works have been sepa- rately republished within the last few years. Of his law treatises — one only of which. London Liberty, was pub. in his lifetime — the following are the principal. 1. Jurisdic- tion of Parliaments, Lon., 17'I7, 8vo. 2. The Jurisdiction of the Lords' House of Parliament, by F. Hargrave, 1796, 4to. 3. Pleas of the Crown, 7th ed., 1773, 8vo. An in- correct summary, and not intended by the author for the press, but as a sketch or plan of the following work. 4. Historia Placitorum Corona; ; the Hist, of the Pleas of the Crown : fir^t pub., from the author's MS., by S. Emlyn, 1736-39, 2 vols, fol.; 2d ed., by (J. Wilson, 1778, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., by Thos. Doghcrty, ISUO, 2 vols. Svo; 1st Amer. ed., by W. A. Stokes and E. IngersoU, Phila., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. *'The following Treatise, being the genuine offspring of that truly learned and worthy Judge, Sir Matthew Hale, stands in need of no other recommendation than what that great and good name will always carry along with it. Whoever is in the least ac'iuainted with the extensive learning, the solid judgment, the indefatigable labours, and, above all, the unshaken integrity, of the author, cannot but highly esteem whatever comes from so valuable a hand." — From Eiiilyii's Preface. To the Pleas of the Crown should be added — And. Anos'a Ruins of Time exemplified in Sir M. Hale's Hist, of the Pleas of the Crown, 1856, Svo. 5. The Hist, of the Common Law of England, and an Analysis of the Civil Part of the Law; 6th ed.. with a Life of the Author, by Chas. Runningtou, 1820, Svo. Serjeant Runuington's notes are of great value. " So authuritzitive an History of the Common Law of England, written by so learned an author, requires neither preface nor com- mendation. It has ever been justly held in the highest estima- tion, and, like the virtues of its author, been universally admired and venerated. Here the student will find a valuable guide, the barrister a learned assistant, the court an indisputable authority." — Serjeant IIunnington. 6. Sheriffs' Accounts, The Trial of Witches, and Provi- sion for the Poor. These three tracts were separately pub. Sec Biog. Brit.; Granger's Biog. Hist.; Life by Burnet; Life by Runnington ; Watt's Bibl. Brit; Life and Letters of Judge Story ; Lowndes's Leg. Bibl., and the authorities there cited. There are few more illustrious names on the roll of British history than that of Sir Matthew Hale: " Sir Samuel Sheperd mentioned him as the most learned man that ever adui ned the bench ; the most even man that ever blessed domestic life; the most eminent man that ever adorned the pro- gress of science; and also one of the best and most purely reli- gious men that ever lived. . . . Lord Northington pronounced him one of the ablest and most learned judges that ever adorned the profession. Mr. Justice Grose declared he was one of the most able lawyers that ever sat in Westminster; as correct, as learned, and as humane a judge as ever graced the bench of justice. Lord Keoyon said that the operations of his vast mind always called for the greatest attention to any work that bears his name; • . . . and mentioned him as one of the greatest and best men that ever sat in judgment."' " With respect to Lord Hale, it is needless to remind those whom I am nuw addressing, of the general character for learning and legal knowledge, of that person, of whom it was said, that what was not known by him was not known by any other person who pre- ceded or followed him; and that what he knew, he knew better than any other person who preceded or followed him." — Chief- Justice Dallas. "A luminous order in the distribution of subjects, an uncom- monness of materials for curious records and manuscripts, a pro- foundness of remark, a command of perspicuous and forcible language, with a guarded reserve iu offering opinions on great controverted points of law and the constitution, characterized the writings of Judge Hale."— //-(c^rares Tracts, Pref. Having offered the opinions of so many legal luminaries in evidence, we may now be permitted to adduce the testi- mony of two distinguished divines: '• His writings have raised him a character equal to his greatest predecessors, and will always be esteemed as coutaiuing the best rationale of the grounds of the law of England. Nor was he an inconsiderable master of polite, philosophical, and especially theo- logical, learning." — De. Birch : Lif- of Archbishop TiUoisou. ■' He was most precisely just; insomuch that I believe he would have lost all he had in the world rather than do an unjust act: p:itient in hearing the most tedious speech which any man had to make for himself; the pillar of justice, the refuge of the subject who feared oppression, and one of the greatest honours of his majesty's government; for. with some other upright judges, he upheld the honour of the English nation, that it fell not into the reproach of arbitrariness, cruelty, and utter confusion. Every man that had a just cause was almost past fear if he could but bring it to the court or assize where he was judge ; for the other judges seldom contradicted him. . . . T, who begird and read his serious expressions of the concernments of eternity, and saw his love to all good men, and the blamelessness of his life, thought better of his piety than my own." — Richard Baxter. This is indeed a noble tribute from a noble source. The glowing eulogium of Cowper must not be entirely unnoticed : " In whom Our British Themis gloried with just cause, Immortal Hale! for deep discernment praised. And sound integrity, not mure than tamed For sanctity of manners undefiled." The Tasl; book iii. And here we might enlarge, did our space permit, upon the distinguishing traits of the piety of this truly excel- lent man: — his reverence for the Word of God; his strict observance of the day more especially set apart for the public worship of the Supreme Being ; his conscieutious- 757 HAL nAL ness in carrying out in every-daj fiffairs the spirit of tbnse ' Resolves, which, he adopted as the Law of his Life ; — but the secret spring of his piety is best told by himself in a few words of solid wisdom and certain truth, which we cannot too earnestly commend to the heart and conscience i of the thoughtful reader: j " Any man that sincerely and truly fears Almi-^hty God, and [ calls and relies upon him f)i-his direction, has it as really as a Bon ' has the counsel and direction of his father; and tbnusli the voice be not audible nor discernible by sense, yet it is equally as real as if a man heard a voice saying, 'This is the way, walk ye in it.' " Hale, Nathan, LL.D., b. 17S4, at AVcstbampton, Mass., grad. at Williams College, 1804; admitted to the Massachusetts Bar. 1810 ; editor of the Boston Weekly Messenger, 1811-14; editor and publisher of the Boston Daily Advertiser, (the first daily established in Boston,) 1814 to the present time, 1S5S ; editor and publisher of the Monthly Chronicle, 1840-42. Mr. H.'s name is well known in connexion with his Map of New England, a standard geographical authority, first pub. in 1825, and reprinted from time to time with the necessary revisions. In 1816 Mr. Hale was married to Sarah Preston Everett, a daughter of Judge Oliver Everett, of Dorchester, Mass., and sister of Edward Everett, the distinguished American orator, scholar, and statesman. Mr. Hale was a contri- butor to many of the early numbers of the North Ame- rican Review, and has fur the last furty-two years contri- buted many valuable articles to the Boston Daily Advertiser on questions of polities, political economy, and internal improvements. Ac. Nathan Hale was among the first to make known in this country the importance of the great railroad-improvement, and earnestly urged its immediate introduction into Massachusetts by effective legislative aid. He was the acting President of the Massachusetts Board of Internal Improvement, under whose superintendence the first surveys were made for a system of railroads for the State; and he was the first President of the Boston and Worcester Railroad, one of the pioneer works of that kind, in which office he took an active part iu the original con- struction and extended improvements of that work and its branches, and in digesting its system of operations. As a member (repeatedly elected) of both branches of the Legis- lature of Massachusetts. Mr. Hale has rendered important service to his constituents. Ue was also chairman of the Board of Commissioners by whose labours the people of Boston are supplied with pure water; and few men have contributed more largely to the physical wealth of Massa- chusetts, and to the improvement of the city which claims him as one of the most valuable of her adeea a perceptible and constant improvement in her writings ever since her first appearance as an author. . . . They are all indicative of sound principles, and of kindness, knowledge, and judgment."— Griswokl's Fanale. I\xts o/ America. Hale, Thomas. Shipbuilding, etc., Lon., 1691, 18mo, Hale, Thomas. 1. A Compleat Body of Husbandry, Lon., 1756, fol. 2. Eden; or, Compleat Body of Garden- ing, 1757, fol. Hale, Wm. Treatises on the Poor, Female Peni- tentiaries, John A'^iickling's ^Sl:■SS^,f>n of the Ftids. See Gen, Diet.; Biog. Brit.; Lett, by Eminent Persons; Account of the Life and Writings of John Hales, 1719, 8vo. Hales, Stephen, D.D., 1677-1761, a natural philoso- pher of great eminence, a native of Beckesbourn, Kent, was eilucated at Bene't Coll., Oxf., took holy orders, and was advanced successively to the perpetual curacy of Ted- dington, and to the livings of Portlock and Farringdon. He was especially distinguished for his experiments on the physiology of plants. His principal works were — 1. Vege- table Staticks, Lon., 1727, '31, 8vo. 2. Statical Essays: this consists of No. 1 (vol. i, of the Essays) and a vol. "en- titled Hajmastatics, pub. in 1733, (fee, 1769, 2 vols. 8vo. Hales also pub, several serms., philosophical experiments, papers on Phil. Trans., &c. He is to be remembered with great respect as an early advocate of the great cause of Temperance. His Friendly Admonition to the Drinkers of Gin, first pub. in 173-i, Svo, has been frequently reprinted, and doubtless accomplished much good. See Masters'a Hist, of C. C. C. C. ; Annual Register, 1764; Rees's Cyc. ; Gent. Mag., vol. Ixix. ; Butler's Life of Hildesley, p. 362; Lysons's Environs. Hales, Win., D.D., Rector of Killesandra, Ireland, pub. a number of learned works on mathematics, nat. phi- los., and theology, 177S-1819, among which are — 1. Pro- phecies resp. our Lord, 2d ed., Lon., 1808, 8vo. Hit'hly commended. 2. A New Analysis of Chronology, 1809-14, 3 vols in 1, 4to, £8 8s.; 2d and best ed., 1830, 4 vols. Svo, £3 3s. '• This is perhaps the most valuable chronological work that has ever been published. Possessed of the caution of Newton, and the learning of Usher, Dr. Uales proceeds on better data than either of these distinguished chronologists; and pours a flood of light on some of the darkest and most difficult points in sacred and profane history. ... Dr. Adam Clarke, who makes a very liberal use of the work in his Commentary, bestows on it the highest commendation." — Omm's Bibl. Bib. " Not only js it the most elaborate svstem of chronology in our language, but there is scarcely a difficult text in the sacred writings which is not illustrated. . . . Ills New Analysis ought to have a place iu the library of every biblical student who can procure it." —Home's Bibl. Bib. " Vast learning and research; though the system of Chronolog:y adopted has been much ility, a nonentity. A writer of genius, even if he write from imperfect knowledge, will, as it were, breathe the bi-eath of life into his creations. Sam .Slick is an awkward .ind highly in- felicitous attempt to make a character, by heaping together, with- out discrimination, selection, arrangement, or taste, every vulgarity that a vulgar imagination can conceive, and every knavery that a man blinded by national and political prejudice "can charge upon neighbours whom he dislikes." — Prof. C. C. Felxon; y.Amer.Jit:v., Iviii. 212. *' He deserves to be entered on our list of friends containing the names of Tristram Shandy, the Shepherd of the Koclc^ Ambros-i- a?j(E, and other rhapsodical discoursers on time and change, who, besides the delights of their discourse, possess also the charm of individuality. Apart from all the worth of Sam. Slick's revela- tions, the man is precious to us as a queer ci-eature — knowing, impudent, sensible, sagacious, vulgar, yet not without a certain tact; aud overllowing with a humour as peculiar in its way as the humours of Andrew Fairserviee or a Protestant Miss Miggs, (that impersonation of shrewish fem.ale service !)" — Lon. AUnina>um. ''Origiual and pithy, it is always refreshing to fall in with this inimitable story-feller. His mixture of sound sense with genuiue humour, his fund of information and peculiar way of puttiug it on record, his fun and his force, — the fun being part aud portion of that force, — are at the same time qualities so eufei-taiuiug and instructive, that we know not iu the end whether to be betb^r pleased with the intelligence we have acquired or the amusement we have received. " — Lon. Literary Gazette. See also Eraser's M;ig., xxxv. 141, 308, 429; xxxvi. 76, 204, 324, 447, 576; and New Haven Church Review, iv. 523. Halifax, Earl of. See Montague, Chakles. Halifax, Marquis of. See Savile, GEoncE. Halifax, Charles. Constable's Guide, 1791, Svo. Halil'ax, Rev. Win. 1. Answer to a Letter, Lon., 171)1. 2. Account of Tadmor or Palmyra, in Syria, Phil. Trans.. 1695. Halifax. See Hai,lifax. Halkerston, Peter. 1. Decisions of the Lords of Council, Ac, Edin., 1820, fol. 2. Latin Maxims, Ac., 1823, Svo. 3. Law of .Scot. rel. to Marrhages, 1827, Svo. 4. Act of Pari.. 6 Geo. IV., cap. 120, 1827, Svo. 6. Trans., Ac. Terms, Ac. in Erskine's Institute, 2d ed., 1829, 12mo. 6. Law and Sanctuary of Holyrood, 1831, Svo. Halket, Lady Anne, 11)22-1099, a daughter of Ro- bert Murray, was a native of London. She left 21 vols, in folio and quarto, principally on religious subjects. From these a vol. of Meditations was pub., Edin., 1702, 4to. " She was a per.son of great knowledge, having searched for it as for hidden treasure, especially in these inexhaustible mines of the divine oracles, where the most excellent wisdom is found." — Bal- Ulrd^s British Ladies. Halket, John. 1. Selkirk's Settlement at Kildonan, Lon., 1S17, Svo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 88. 2. Indians of N. America, 1825, Svo. See N. Amer. Rev., xxii. 108. Hall and Sellers. Laws of Penna., Phil.a., 1775, fol. Hall, C'apt. Rattlesnake Poison, Phil. Trans., 1727. Hall, C'apt. 1. Hist, of the Civil War in America, vol. i.. Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Songs, Ac, 2d ed., 1815, 12mo. Hall, Rev. Mr. Cardphiying, Lon., 1750, Svo. Hall, Miss A. 1. Literary Reader for High Schools and Academics, Bost., 1850. 2. Miinual of Jlorals. Hall, A. Oakey,of New York. 1. The Manhattaner in New Orleiins ; or. Phages of " Crescent City" Life, N. York, 1850, 12mo. 2. Old Whitey's Christmas Trot, 1857. HAM Hall, A, W. Female Confessions; a Nov., 1809. 2vol.i. Hall, Mrs. Anna Maria. See Hall, Mrs. Samuel Carter. . Hall, Anthony, D.D., 1679-1723, Fellow of Queen's I Coll., Oxf , and Rector of Hampton Poyle. 1. Lelaud de Scriptoribus, Oxf, 1709, 2 vols. Svo. Very erroneously i printed. 2. N. Triveti Annales, 1719, Svo. He also com- pleted and pub. Hudson's ed. of Josephus, aud drew up the account of Berkshire from the Magna Britannia. Hall, Archibald. Two Discourses, 1777, Svo. 2. The Gospel Church, 1795, Svo. "Shows the arguments for Pi-esbyferianism. Jamieson's Sum of Episcopal Controversy m.iy be read on the same side. The arguments for Independency may be sufficiently seen in the works of Dr. Owen." — Bidccrstciti's C. .S". Hall, Arthur. A Letter rel. to a Quarrel, Ac, Lon., 1579-80, 4t.i. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., p. 1. Hall, Arthur, M.P. for Grantham. Ten Books of Homer's Illiades; trans, from a metrical French version into English, Lon., 1581, 4to. Sec W.att's Bibl. Brit.; Hall, or Hill, Arthur, in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 954. Hall, Rev. B. R., of New York, for twenty-eight years p,ast an eminent instructor of youth. 1. The New Purchase; or. Life in the Far West, N.York, 1813, 12mo; new ed., 1855, 12mo. 2. Something for Every Body. 3. Teaching a Science; The Teacher an Artist, 1852. Highly commended. 4. Frank Freeman's Barber Shop, 1852. Hall, Capt. Basil, R. N., 1788-1844, a native of Edinburgh, a son of Sir James H.all, fourth baronet of Dunglass, was a popular writer of books of voyages and travels. In 1802, in his fourteenth year, he entered the Royal Navy, and was subsequently in active service in many parts of the globe. For some time before his death he was deprived of the use of his reason, and he died in confinement. For further information respecting Capt. Hall we must refer the reader to his Fragments of Voyages and Travels, and to vol. v. of the new ed. (1855) of Cham- bers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen. 1. Voyage to the West Coast of Corea and the Great Loo- Choo Island, Lon., 1818, 4to. Narrative part subsequently pub. separately, p. Svo, and Loo-Choo, med. Svo. This work includes a vocabulary of the Loo-Choo language, compiled by Lieut. Clifl'ord. "A work not less valuable for its maritime geogr.aphyand science than for the pleasing interest which it excites on beh.ilf of the na- tives of Loo-Choo, and the favourable impression it leaves of Captain Uall, his officers and seamen." — .'ylervnstm's Voyages and Travels. Also favourably reviewed by Lord JeflVey in the Edin. Rev., xxix. 476-497, and by jared Sparks in the North Amer. Rev., xxvi. 514-538 : see also Lon. Quar. Rev., xviii. 308 ; Lon. Month. Rev., exxv. 69 ; cxxvii. 592 ; cxxxiv. 143 ; Fraser's Mag., viii. 593. 2. Occasional Poems aud Mis- cellanies, 12mo. 3. Extracts from a Journal written on the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in 1820-22, 1824, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1848, r. Svo. See Edin. Rev., xh 31-43. 4. Travels in North America in 1827-28, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1829. *• This work will do consider.able mischief not in America, but in Engbiud. It will furnish food to the appetite for detr.'iction which reiLius there towards this country. It will put a word iu the mouths of those who vilify because they hate and hate because they fear us." — Edward Everett: N. Amer. liex\, xxix. 522-574. The London Quarterly Reviewer is of quite a different opinion : " His book may veiy prob.ably do good in America; we hope it will — but we are quite sure it must do so here." See vol. xli. 417- 447. "Captain HaU's work, amidst much striking talent and many just and profound observatious. is too much tinctuied by his ai^ dent and enthusiastic fancy to form a safe guide on the many de- bated subjects of national institutions." — America, No.L: Btack- wuod^s Mag., xxxiv. 2SS. See also Westm. Rev., xi. 416 ; Lon. Month. Rev., cxvii. 503. 5. Forty Etchings from Sketches made with the Camera Lucida in North America in 1827-28, r. 4to. 1829. 6. Fragments of Voyages and Travels, 1st series, 1831, 3 vols. 12mo; 2d series, 1832, 3 vols. 12mo; 3d series, new eds., 1840, '46, '60, all in r. Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xlvii. 133-169; Lon. Month. Rev., May, 1831, 59-79. 7. Schloss ILainfield ; or, A Winter in Lower Styria, 1836, p. Svo. 8. Spain and the Seat of War in Spain, 1837, p. Svo. 9. In conjunction with Ellis and Pringle, Voyages and Travels, 1S40, r. Svo. 10. Travels in South America, 1841, r. Svo. 11. Patchwork; Travels in Stories, Ac, 1840, 3 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1841, 3 vols. ISmo and in 1 vol 12mo. '■ Few writers lay themselves more open to quizzing : few can prose and bore more successfull.v tb.in he now and tlien does; but the Captain's merit is real and great. . . . Captain Basil Hall im parts a freshness to whatever spot he touches, and carries the readerwith untiring good-humourcheerilyalong with him. Turn where we will we have posies of variegated ffowers pre;^eutod to us, HAL Bnil we are sure to find in cvc-ry one of tliom, whether sombre or <'-iv !i snriii nf Basil." — Lon. Qitar. Rev. •'Wit is not to be measured, lilie broadcloth, by the yard Easy wrilins, as the adage says, and as we all know, is apt to be very 1 ■ nl rekdinff. This brings to our recollection a conversation, in ll'ie presence of Captain Basil Hall, in which some allusion having 1 oeu made to the astounding amount of Scotfs daily composi ion, he literary argonaut remarked, 'There was nothing astonishing ., aU that and that he did as much himself nearly every day lieforo breakfast.' Some one of the company unkindly asked • whether he thought the qtmUty was the same.' It is tlie quality, u Soubtedlv. whi?h makes the difference."-WM. H. Peescott: K ^mi■r ii'ev, xlv. U. and in his Miscellanies; and see Capt. Hall's own comparison between his rapidity of composition and tliat of Sir Walter, in Lockhart's Life of Scott. Hall, Benjamin. History of Eastern Vermont from its Earliest SettlemcBt to the Close of the Eightceuth Cen- tury, N. York, ISoS, 8vo, pp. 799. , „ . "The author sustains himself throughout with unflagging spirit, and his book will be read with unwearying interest. —A. f. l-EA- EOI'V D D. : -V. Amir. Hev., July, 1S68. '281. Hall, Charles. Scrms., 1756, '60 ., ^ , . Hall, Charles, M.U. 1. Medical Family Instructor, Phrcwsh., 1785. 8vo. 2. Etfects of Civilization on the People in the European States, 1S05, 8vo. Hall, Charles. Con. to Med. Com., vi. 71. Hall, Charles Henry. 1. Serms. at Bampton Lect., Lon., 1789. .Svo. 2. Scrm., 1895, Un. Hall, Miss E. M. The American Lady's Practical Cookery and Domestic Economy, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. Hall, Edmund. Serms., 165.3, '64. Other works. Hall, Edward, H99?-1547, an English lawyer .ind iud<'e in the Sheriff's Court, is known to posterity by his Chronicle, already noticed in our article on Richard (rral- tou His work is entitled The Vnion of the two noble and illustrate Famclics of Lancastre and York. Lon., 1548. tol This is supposed to be the first edition, but it is alleged there is one bearing date 1 542. Respecting this question see authorities referred to below. This work was continued only to 15S2. Hall left the continuation m MS., and Grafton completed it and printed it in 1550, fol. In lo5o it was prohibited by proclamation. Reprinted, 18US), z vols. 4to. We have already referred to Bishop Nieolson s opinion of this work : ,. ;, v i, "He wrote a large account of the fore-mentioned wars, which, in a very flattering epistle, he dedicated to Henry VIII. If the reader desires to know what sort of deaths were worn in each Wuff's reign, and how the fashions altered, this is an his or»n for his purpose; hut in other matters his information is not very valuable."— £«!/. Hist. Lib. But Hearne disputes this: ^..t^-c.^^ "All the copies I have vet seen or heard of are dedicated to taw. VI and the dedication is f;«r from being flattering. The informa- tions, too, are all along so very good, abating that 'H',-/n'2'"°'"fJ is here and there wrong, that they have been, and will always be, hi'-hlv valued by the most curious men. He declines giving any account of cloaths and fashion, excepting upon some solemn occa- sion in King Henry the Eighth's reign, and <^""'^"'f^^'5!i^«-'' "J^^ what is truly momentous.' —.4i)2Kn. lo Hamngi Chart. ±,i.clvs. in ^"'flerber't supposes that Bishop Nieolson refers to the ed. of 1542(?) and Hearne to one of the other edits. But no such theory will reconcile statements so directly opposed to each other. Shakspoare and the other dramatists of his day drew largely from H.all's Chronicles for materials for their plots. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Cole's MS Athense. Cantab., in Brit, Mus. ; Uarwood's Alumni Etouenses ; Tanner and Pits ; Peck's Desiderata ; Dibdin s Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit.; Hallam's Constit. Hist, of Eng. ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Hall, Edward. Serms. and Prayers for the Young, "HalUEdward B., D.D. Memoir of Mary L.Ware, wife of Henry Ware, Jr., Best,, 1852, 12mo. Seven eds. of this Memoir h.ave already (1856) appeared. Reviewed in N. Amer. Rev., Ixxvii. 145. ,,..„. Hall, Edwin, D.D. 1. The Puritans and their Prin- ciples N. York, 8vo. 2. Law of Baptism, 3d ed., 12mo. Hall, Evevard. Index to the Virginia Reports, Washington to 2d Randolph, Rich., 1S25, Svo. ^ Hall, Francis. Explication of Dial in the Kmg s Garden at London, Liege. 1073, 4to. Hall, Lient. Francis, 14th Light Dragoons, H.F., subsequently Hydrographer in the Service of Colombia. 1. Travels in Canada and the U. States in 181b-17 ; Lon., 1818, Svo; Host., Svo. " Mr Hall is a clever, lively man, very much above the common race of writers. ... It is certainly somewhat rare to meet ivilh Unoriginal thinker, an indulgent J"'i8<' of manners, and a man tolerant of neglect and familiarity, in a youth covered with tags, Sers. and martial foolery ."-llEV. Stunet Smith: Mm. J.tv., ■sxxi 133, and in his Miscellanies. . '^He h.as good sense enough to think that a country is not to be judged by its tavern-keepers and hostlers, and too much good- IIAL humour to rail at a whole people because he meets with occasional iusUinces of fraud and churlishness.'W. GiLUSOS : N. Anur. iJet., ix. 135-166. , ,. , ... "nail's is a pleasant and lively work, unfolding many of the pecuiariUes of tlie manners, customs, &c. of Canada and the I Suacent parts of the United States."-S(«-oi!«.i s 1 c^./...<7". , 2 Travels in France in 1818; Lon., 1819, Svo. 3. Ao- eount of Colombia in 1824, Svo ; 1825, '27. Hall, Francis Russell. Regeneration, &e., lUii, ^^Hall, Uev. Gordon, d. 1S26, in India, aged about -6 a native of Berkshire, Mass., was the first American nfissionary at Bombay, where he laboured for thirteen year with great 7.eal. He had just rev-ised the ^ew Tes- tament in the Mahratta tongue, when he was seized w.tn holera, of which he died in eight or nine hours. In con- junction with S. Newell, he wrote The Conversion of the ^Hail' George,\«2-166S, son of the Bishop of Nor- wiSrFellow of^Exeter Coll., Oxford Prcb. of Exeter, ul'/; Archdeacon of Cornwall 1641 ; Bishop o C lies^e , 1662 He pub. Serms., 1655, '66, both 4to, and The Iri- ilphs of R^m^ over despised Protestaney, 1655 '6 Svo ■■Had the seeds of virtue sown in him very eaily by his said ''''Hall^Harrison, of Philadelphia, b. 1785, a brother of JuXe James Hall .and of John E. Hall, (see p..;,) wrote awork^n Distillation, first pub. in 1815 which passed rtZ'gh two edits, in America (2d ed., 1818, 8v„) and one in Encrland. This work elicited the commendation of Dr. Hare and of other scientific men of the day. Hall Henry. Serm., Lon., 1644, 4to. Hall', Hiland, late Judge of the Supreme Court of Verm'.iit. History of Western Vermont, announced as in course of preparation, 1858. Hall, Isaac, M.D. Tumour of the Thigh. Hall J. V. The Sinner's Friend, Maidstone, Svo. Hall', Uev. James. 1. Discoveries in Nat. Philos., Lon ISl'o 8vo 2. Travels in Scotland, 1807, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Travels' thr..ugh Ireland, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Substi- tute for Hemp : Nich. Jour., 1811. . ,T> Hall, Sir James, 1761-1832. fourth Baronet of Dun- glass, and father of Capt. Basil Hall, R.N. Origin, Princi- ples, and Hist, of Gothic Architecture, Lon., 181.:!. imp. 4to '"The most popular and {esteemed work ou the subject of whiclj it treats, both in the particular llieoryit espouses, and Iheinteiest of iJs details.-'-CT;l MfKenney has an accomplished coadjutor in Jud.'e Hall, of Cincinnati, who is asso.-iated with him in the lilerajv S»s=°„f^^° "?'■,"''■, ■''"^«'' """''' "ell-known KHice and liveli- ness of style, and his knowledge of events in the West, and of the Indian ch.aracter .as unfolded in the wars of recent times, besides the advantages he derives from his pio.ximity to the scenes he describes enable him to make contributions which adorn and M^-otie'o^^oU.'" '° *"" -<"■"•"-* ^'"^'••^-■,-lvii. 134:i 11. The Wilderness and the War- Path, N. York 1845 1-mo. 12. Anniversary Address before the Mercantile Library Association of Cincinnati, April, 1S4C 13 Life of Thomas Posey, Major-Geueral and Governor Jf Indiana in .-.parks s American Biography, 2d Series, ix. 359-403 A new and uniform edit, of Judge Hall's works, revised by the author, to be comprised in four vols., uniform with Putntims edit, of Irving's Works, is now (1856) in course of publication Vol i.. Legends of the West, appeared in 1853 ; and vol. ii., The West, Historical, Descriptive and Statistical, IS now ready for the press. In 1857 appeared Romance of Western History. Cin.. 12mo. Judge Hall has been a eontributor to The Amer. Quar. Rev., The Phila. Port. Jtolio The Knickerbocker, The Boston Token, Ac. He founded, published, edited, and contributed largely to, The niinois Magazine, (monthly,) issued for three years at Vandaha, and then removed to Cincinnati, where its name tMs "title""'!'' '"• ^"'i '^T"" ^''"""^'^ Magazine. Und" this title It enjoyed a large circulation for three years largely to The Western Souvenir for 1829, (pub at Cin cinnati) the first annual attempted in the West When we add to this long list of labours the editorial d iilies Ihe Illinois Intelligencer, ic-it will be readily admitted tha few men have done so much for the cause of Western civilization and the intellectual improvement of Ihe of an Yom.i" •''• ^'"''' ""'" '^""''^ '"' " <=°"°'^<' ^o^'hy Ma^s'"l''sn'*?'f ' ^° ,<="'"<="* geologist, b. at Hingham, 1 Th; cll 'f'^'^S'l °''^''=" ^'"'^ Slate Survey r- < ,ot ]°^^ °^ ^"="' York, Fourth Geolo^^ical Dis net, 1843, 4to. 2 The Pateontology of New Yo^kTtoki., Mr iltl h.,"-' 1 ; '/"/ '"■■ '° ^-^^-^ of preparation "i^n^ific pu'Mi™;;;;,':':'^'' " """'" "'' p^p^^ '^ ™™- 15?^''l'Jm''°''p"\ t^"'"" '" ^""^^ of a Vision, Ac, 1563, 16mo. Probably written by the next-named John Ri, ;„■ irn'^c^"' ' P^''"'P^''< Theat. Poet. Anglic. 78 Ritsons Bibl. Poet., 232, 233; Warton's Hist.°of Eng! Hall, John, an early English poet, was a surgeon of ?5 """TrT ^'VoJ- """^ ^™"^'-''*^ "'■ S'^lomori. ito 3 The C^uH ^,^":"f-P'!™-I>»nfranci, Lon.,'l565 pu „• . ^u x" "^ ^ "'■""'• ^'"5, Ifimo. See Bryd.-es's Ph llipss Theat Poet. Anglic; Ritsons Bibl. Poet ,23''- 2ii ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet Hall, John, 1627-1656. a native of Durham snent one year a, St. Johns Coll.. Camb., and sub nenth re moved to Gray's Inn. 1. Hone Viciv;e- or Es avs /c Lon 1646 12mo 2. Poems, Camb., lele', ^2mo ' te Nicholses Select Collection. 3. The Seconde Booke of Divme Poems, 1617. Now very rare. 4. Emblems 1648 16mo. Motion to the Parliament, 1649 4to 6 Mon arehy, 1651, 8vo. 7 The Height of Elocilce ?652; ,Z\. ^'/i'™''''.-^''. "53, 12mo. This is the lirst English trans, of Longinus. 9. Hierocles on Pythagoras lb'57 ithen.''ox:!n.'"' """"'''' "' "■"'' ''^ ''^^ I'-i^' S- leM,**','!' •'"''"' "'■ I^''='""»°d. Government, Lon., HAL Haiyohn. The True Chevalier, Lon., 1656, foL Hall, John. English Bodies; or. Cures in desperate Diseases. Englished by Jas. Cooke, Lon., 1657, 12mo. By H. Stubbs. 1679, '83, 8vo. Hall, John. Jacob's Ladder, Lon., 1676, 8vo .Ha , John. Refutation of Helmont, Oxf, 1694 4to lla 1, John. His Memoirs, Lon., 1708, '14, 8vo Ha , John, Speech at Tyburn, Lon., 1716. Ha , John, Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1784 il" ' •{'*''"• ^'"''- Scrm., Lon., 1798, 8vo. Ha I, John. Conveyancing, Lon., 1829, 8vo. an 1 l?r Vb c",*^,-' '"«3-1829, a son of Mrs. Sarah Hall, !d^ r , rr,, ^il'^'-^"- •''"'"' ^''" '""^ Harrison Hall, was admitted to the Bar m 1805, and commenced practice in Baltimore; he subsequently removed to Philadelphia. Whilst in Baltimore he was elected to the responsible post sitv l^f M '"' f ^J'^^'i''" "'"' Belles-Lettres in the Univer- sity of Maryland. From 1808 to 1817 he pub. The Ame- rican Law Journal, Phila., 6 vols. 8vo. In 1821 was pub one vol. of The Journal of Jurisprudence, a new series of Ihe American Law Journal, Phila., 8vo. Hall's Law Journal contains some Decisions of the Federal Courts Tn l'i"i R 1° 1 """''"■ "■^I""''"- ''^" 23 Amer. Jour., 135. bnted . >'' ""? """"■ "*■ '^^'^ Port-Folio, and contri- buted to Its pages from time to time a number of articles which excited considerable attention. He also wrote a life o Dr John Shaw prefixed to the poems of the latter, pub. at Baltimore in 1810 ; collected, arranged, and contributed to an edit, of The British Spy; edited he Philadelphia Idi tor of tT"p' ^'{^ r "'"." "■"' '" f""-' ^o'""""" bj tho olMr H U^^ T:^t"-r, ^" ■^"'"^"■"'^n'^e Of the failure ?m W n ''"'l'."'. ">e P"^'-''""° '™^' discontinued in m,hTb»P '■!""*? 9"- "^ ^''"■■- I-"' Wr. Hall also pub. The Practice and Jurisdiction of the Court of Ad- miralty Bait., 1809, Svo ; an English edit, of Emeritu on Maritime Loans, with other matter, 1811, s" a°nd Tracts on Constitutional Law, containing Mr. Livingston's Answer to Mr. Jefi-erson, Phila.. 1813, S'vo '' "''"S"'"" » Hall, Jonathan Prcscott. Reports of Cases in vXTo '^- ^■"''•' ''''-''• ^- Yo^''' 1S31 33, 2 nel!?^V'F^n"!''?'*''r^-^- ^^flS^e. «°« of the most emi- uen of Engl sh divines and scholars, was a native of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and educated at Emanuel Coll Cam bridge, where for a short time he read the Rhetoric Lectu« in the schools. He became Rector of Halsted, was subse quently presented by Lord Denny to Waltham Holy Cro"=s arid next made a Prebendary of the collegiate ch^irch of Wolverhampton. In 1618 he was sent to the Synod of Dort, was made Bishop of Exeter in 1627, and trans ?o Norwich ,n 1641. On the occurrence of he R ebemo 1 .after sufl-ering imprisonment and enduring various other hardships he ,vas sequestered and reduced to great poverty He retired to Higham, near Norwich, where he spent the rest ot his days on a straitened income, but in the act vo discharge of ministerial duty. As a mnn n f . f ^ learning, fervent piety, and "^raclical philan.h p' "his name should be "had in everlasting remembrance'^^^' He was distinguished both as a poet and as a prose writer and wrote many sermons, contro'versial tracts VgainsRomau ..m, and other theological treatises. For p.aTtict lars oThis he and writings see Biog. Brit. ; his Autobiography in h 3 Specialities; Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets IsiO Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; Walt's Bibl.^BrU.T Word"' worths Eodes. Biog.; Hallam's Lit Hist If 17 Lowndes's Bibl. Man" ' A newTdit. o;'his^V orks, n^owrsj R V Tosiah' P 'ti' ^•"«ti;'g-P'^y. Kotes, Indei,ll,'by liev Josiah Pratt, was pub., Lon., 1808. in 10 vols Svo Halt'w ^ ''b' a^n."' "''"■' l'^ '■'^ Jescendan , Rev Pe™; Ha 1, was pub., Oxf., 1837-39, in 12 vols. 8vo, £5 ThL Vo I 'Bitr'"' r'\ %""'■ ''' ™°'^-"^ "- - '■"'low- T„^ liiographical Pieces ; Contemplations on the Old Te tamen t. Books 1-17. II. Contemplations on the d Tesamen , Books 18-21; Contempliitions on the New Savid"'^"lV p"- ^""I't^^^'^o" """• Texts, Genesfs to ladon.- v'^Se';m7n ."Tl" Vn''^^i.:;;,^^:',\\?-'T '" IV^i Devo.ional Works ; Misceiialeo'us'^to 4^ "'l^^- ^' ^J" lemica Works XL Laiin Theology, wifh Transliuion; ML Mundus Alter et idem; Quo vldis? A Cen nre of Travel ; Poetical Works ; Appendix ; Indices. Of separate ^any'edU "Thfrn^ T "'^ r"""«^' "--b- been many eaits. Ihe most comprehensive of these is Selec t.ons by the Rev. Josiah Pratt, 1808, 5 vols. Svo £2 2, We proceed to quote a number of opinions by eminent authorities respecting the merits of a number of the work, I uf this profound scholar and excellent man : HAL HAL 1. Satires: ViRGiDEMiARrM: pub. 1597-98. These were pub. at the early age of twenty-three. It is proper to quote iu this connexioa the remark of Dr. Drake: *' Poetry was the occupation merely of his youth; the vigour and decline of his days Iwing employed iu the composition of pro- fessional works, calculated, by their piety, eloquence, and origin- ality, to promote, in the most powerful manner, the best interests of morality and relit^ion." '■The first professed English satirist, to speak technically, is Bishop .Joseph Hall, . . . These satires are marked with a classical precision, to whi^-h KngUsh poetry had yet rarely attained. They are replete with animation of style and sentiment. The indigna- tion of the satirist is always the result of good sense. >'or are the thorns of severe inTective unmixed with the flowers of pure poetry. The characters are delineated in strong and lively colouring, and their disL-riminations are touched with the masterly traces of genuine humour. The versification is equally energetic and ele- gant, and the fabric of the couplets approarhes to the modern standard."— IIT/Won's Hist, of Eng. Bict., ed. 1S40, iii. 404r44l. ■Read this " masterly piece of criticism." "The best Poetry and the truest Satire in the English language. ... I wish I had seen them sooner." — Alexander Pope. *'This powerful and truly ori^cinal writer is the earliest professed Satirist among our Poets; and he has himself alluded to that iact with a proud and pardonable egotism : I first adventure: follow me who list, And be the Second English Satirist.' nis Satires, besides their own intrinsic poetical excellences, are valuable to the Antiquary as presenting a most vivid and faithful picture of the manners of our ancestors; their fa.'^hions, follies, vices, and peculiarities. These Hall has touched with a powerful and unsparing hand. Scribblers, Lawyers, Parsons, Physicians, all those unfortunate classes of men, who have, from time imme- morial, enjoyed the unenvied privilege of attracting the peculiar notice of the Satiric Muse, are by him laid bare and shrinking to the scorn and hatred of Mankind."— iftrtrj/ JVeeh's Lects. on Eng- lish Puetry. " In many instances, Hall redeems the antiquity of his allusions by their ingenious adaptation to modern manners ; and this is but a small part of his praise: for in the point, and volubility, and vigour of Hall's numbers, we might frequently imagine ourselves perusing Dryd-^n." — Thomas Campbell's JVotices of the British Poets. But Mr. Hallam questions Hall's claim, asserted by himself and since generally allowed, to be considered the first English satirist: " In a general sense of satire, we have seen that he had been anticipated by Gascoigne; but Hall has more of the direct Juve- nalian invective, which he may have reckoned essential to that species of poetry." He considers, also, that Hall's Satires have been " praised by Campbell, as well as by Warton. full as much in my opinion as they deserve," and remarks : *■ Hall is in fact not only so harsh and rugged that he cannot be read with much pleasure, but so obscure in very many places, that he cannot be understood at all, his lines fieijuenfly bearing no visible connexion in sense or grammar with their neighbours." —Lit. Hist, of Europe. 2. Epistles: pub. 1608-11. " An able inquirer into the literature of this period has affirmed that Hall's Epistles, written before the year 161^. are the first ex- ample of epistolary composition which England had seen. ' Bishop Hall.' he says, 'was not only our first satiiist. but was the first ■who brought epistolary writing to the view of the public; which •was common in that age to other parts of Europe, but not prac- tised in England till he published his own Epistles.' And Hall himself in the Dedication of his Epistles to Prince Henry observes. * Your grace shall herein perceiue a new fiisbion of discourse by Epistles, new to our language, vsuall to others: and. as nouelty Is neuer without plea of vse, more free, more famili:ir."' — }Var- «m'5 Hist, of Eng. Poet. But Warton assigns to Roger Aseham the first and to Howell the second place, in order of time, iu this depart- ment of letters. Campbell also falls into the error of denominating Bishop Hall "the first who gave our language an example of epistolary composition in prose." See his Notices of the Britii-h Poets. 3. CoNTEMPL.\TIONS UPON THE PRINCIPAL PASSAGES OF THE HlST. OF THE New TESTAMENT: pub. 1612-15. "Incomparably valuable for language, criticism and devotion." —Dr. DoDDRirioE. " The first and last terms are justly applied, but not the middle one; as there is very little criticism, in the proper meaning of the term, in any of the works of Hall. . . . There is a great vaiiety of sentiment, and great richness of thought and expression, in these Contemplations. The historical passngea are often very happily illustrated; and a pure and elevated devotion, combined with a fine imagination, pervades the whole." — Orme's BiU. Bib. "Very devotional and useful." — Bid.erstetk's Chris. S(u. " A vein of piety, and even an original cist of observation, runs through the greater part of his performances; and his Contempla- tions, in particular, breathe the fire of poetry as well as of devo- tion," — DlBLiN : Lib. Oimp. "The Contemplations of Hall are among his most celebrated works. They are prolix, and without much of that vivacity or Btriking novelty we meet with in the devotional writings of his contemporary. [Jeremy Taylor.] but are perhaps more practical and generally edif\ing." — Hullum's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 4. The 6li' Rkligio.n; or, the Difierence between the Keformed and the Komish Church: pub. 1628. A very able work. "Quo ostenditur evangelicnm religionem esse antiquam atque apostolicam; Romanam contra novam atque ab hominibus ex- cogitatam." — Walch. 5. Explication of all the Hard Texts of the Whole Divine vScripture: pub. 163.3-34. "These expository notes are very valuable, especially for show- ing the spirit and force of many expressions that occur."— Db, Doddridge. '* They do not. however, contain much learned criticism. Most of them, if not all. are inserted in the valuable Commentary of Bp. Mant and Dr. D'Oyly."— So rn^'s Bibl. Bib. " This paraphrase includes many texts which are not hard ; and on many hard texts it throws little light. Occasionally a critical remark occurs, and frequently the point and energy of a particular sentiment is happilv noti.-ed ; but the reader who repairs to these, volumes for the solution of many difficulties in the language or doctrine of the Bible will certainly be di.'^appointed. He who undertakes too much must always fail to afford satisfaction. An explication of all the hard texts in the Bible was too vast an un- dertaking even for Bishop Hall, though his learning was greater than that of most of the men of his age, and his industry not inferior to any." — 0}-me's Bibl. Bib. " Very devotional and use(a\."—Bick€Tsteth*S C. & 6. Christian Meditations : pub. 1640. "Next to his Contemplations are his Meditations, Letters, and Balm of Gilead."— Dr. Doddridge. . *■ Best of all in his Meditations."— i^«?^r's WTthies of Letc^tcr- shire. ^ , .. , X " Bishop Hall's beautiful Meditations were not less suited to our day than to his."— Kev. Charles Bridges: Memoir of M. J. Gra- havi. 7. Episcopacy by Divine Right asserted : pub. 1640. "In this the good Bishop endeavours to fix Episcopacy upon the s-nme basis of apostolical institution, and to demolish the sys- tem of the Puritans, by demonstrating that Presbyterianism had no existence for the first fifteen centuries of the Christian era, and that it owed its being to the inventive Ctculties of Calvin." — BOGUE. 8. MuNDUS Alter et idem: sive Terra Australis ANTE HAC SEMPER INCOGNITA AdTHORE MeRCCRIO BrITAN- Nico : pub. 1643. An English version was pub. by John Healey, under the title of Discovery of a New World, Svo. " I can only produce two books by English authors in this first part of the seventeenth century which fall properly under the class of novels or romances; and of these one is written in Latin. This is the Mundus Alter et Idem of Bishop Hall, an imitation of the latter and weaker volumes of Rabelais. A country in Terra Aus- tralis is divided into four regions, Cinpulia, Viraginia, Moronea, and Lavernia. Maps of the whole Land and of particular regions are given; and the nature of the satire, not much of which has any especial reference to England, may easily be collected." — Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. The other novel referred to by Mr. Hallam is Francis Godwin's M,in in the Moon. It has been supposed that Swift borrowed the idea of Gulliver's Travels from Hall's Mundus Alter et Idem: but see uur life of Francis God- win. We conclude with some opinions respecting the general merits of this eminent divine as a scholar and an author ; " He was noted for a singular wit from his youth: a most acute rhetorician and an elegant poet. He understood many tongue.s; and in the rhetorick of his own he was second to none that lived in his time." — Rev. John Whitefoote: Bishop HaWs Funeral Serrnon. " He was commonly called our English Seneca, for the pureness, plainness, and fulness of his style. Not unhappy at controversies, more happy at comments, very good in his chai-acter. better in his sermons, best of all in his meditations. ... A witty poet when young, a painful preacher and solid divine in his middle, a patient sufferer in his old, age."— Tromas Fuller. " It is much to our present purpose to observe that the style of his prose is strongly tinctured with the manner of Seneca. The writer of the satires is perceptible in some of his gravest pulemi.^al or scriptural treatises, whirh are perpetually interspersed with excursive illustrations, familiar allusions and observations in lite. Blany of them were early translated into French." — Warto7i's Hist. of Eng. P"€t. The obligations of the author of The Sentimental Jour- ney to Bishop Hall have been exposed by an ingenious critic, whose merits we have already considered : "There is a delicacy of thought and tenderness uf expression in the good Bishop's compositions, from the transfusions of which Sterne looked for immortility."— Dr. FERniAR. The next authority to be quoted is not noted for enthu- siastic eulogy of the old English divines j but he can hardly say enough in favour of Bishop Hall : "Imaginative and ropious eloquence, terse and pointed sen- tences, full of piety and devotion. Few writers more likely to be useful to [Divinity] students. Let them thorou;rhly read and digest such a writer, and they will he furnished for most of the calls upon them." — Bickcrstelh'.^ C. S. Here we must conclude, not from paucity of matter, but narrowness of space. The similarity between Jeremy Taylor and Bishop Hall has not escnped the eye of criti- cism. A late eminent authority happily defines the points of likeness and contrast: "A writer as distinguished in works of practical piety was Hall. His Art of Divine Meditation, bis Contemplations, and indeed many of his writings, remind us frequently of Taylor. Both had 7C3 HAL HAL equally pious and devotional (tnipeis: both were full of leftrniofr; both feitile of illustration; both may be SHid to have strong imayi- nition and po>;ticaI genius, though Taylor let his predominate a little more. Taylor is also rathermore subtle and ar^uiiientativf ; his copiousness has more real variety. Hall kf.ps nmr^- cl^.'^fly tn bis subject, dilates upon it sometimes more teiiinuf.ly, lutl nwu- appositely. In his sermons there is some excess nt-d the end of his discourse, he became peculiarly animated, though not declamatory, — his audience were interested, aud.with a rapidity of utterance which fixed the reporter, like a statue, in admiration, and frequently defied all attempts at writing, he poured forth the various stores of his vast imagination, and produced an effect of which few can conceive who have not witnessed it themselves." Mr. Bosworth tells us " When he began, he was usually calm and collected; spealtini:; in a low tone, and looking onward as he went, as if to survey afresh the region of thought be was aViout to traverse, but not often giv- ing an indication of those torrents of eloquence that were soon to be poured from his lips. Sometimes, at the cnmnieiicenient, ho hesitated, and seemed perplexed, as jf dis.satisfied with what ha had intended to say; at others, wbea be was about to establish a 763 HAL truth or enforce a general principle, he would enter upon a course of cle^r and powerful re;iSoning, rendered equally attractive and astonishing by the delectable purity and beauty of his style. In this latter case, his sentences were finished with such exquisite care, that he appeared to hare selected, not merely the most appro- priate, but the only, words which served his purpose, and yet. delivered with such freedom and ease, that they seemed the first which came into his mind. As he proceeded, he increased in ani- mation and strength of utterance: in the application of the prin- ciples he had advanced, or the doctrine he had discussed, he grew more intense and ardent; and when he had risen to a certain pitch of holy excitement, his brow would expand, his countenance brighten, and, drawing back his majestic form in the pulpit, he would come forward again, charged with the fulness of his mes- sa'^e to his hearers, and address them in tones and language which made every heart vibrate. But it was not with his lips only that he spoke— his eloquence was more intellectual and spiritual than audible sounds could malie it. His speaking eye told volumes: whether beaming with benignity, or blaziug with intense and hal- lowed feeling, that eye indicated sentiments and emotions which ■words were not mnd^ to express." " The richness, variety, and extent of his knowledge are not so remarkable as his absolute mastery over it. He moves about in the loftiest sphere of contemplation, as though he were ' native and endued to its element.' He uses the finest classical allusions, the noblest images, and the most exquisite words, as though they were those which came first to his mind, and which formed his natural dialect. There is not the least appearance of straining after greatness in his most magnificent excursions, but be ri.ses to the loftiest heights with a childlike ease. His style is one of the clearest and simplest— the least encumbered with its own beauty — of any which ever has been written."— i^roni apaper by Sir T. N. TalfoutrL on Pulpit Orntory, in the Lmidon Magazine, iQ/ritary, 1821, and quoted in "Th^ Gtori/ian Era,'* i. 405, 466. A clerical critic tells us that, "Although Mr. Hall possessed considerable learning, he rarely displayed it; generally preferring the most simple phrases he could select, to express his meaning, to those of a less familiar or more ambitious class. On one occasion, being called upon to conclude a Service with prayer, after a sermon by Dr. Chalmers, who had been even more than ordinarily brilliant, he clothed his address to the Deity with such affecting plainness of style, that the con- gregation, who had been wrought up to a painful pitch of admira- tion by the dazzling eloquence of the preacher, felt a delightful repose in the chaste, natural, tender simplicity of language in which Mr. Hall embodied his supplications." The reader will no doubt be pleased to read more upon this theme: " The buld diction, the majestic gait of the sentence, the vivid Illustration, the rebuke which could scathe the offender, the burst of honest indignation at triumphant vice, the biting sarcasm, the fervid appeal to the heart, the s;igacious development of principle, the broad field of moral vision — all these distinguish the composi- tions of Robert Hall ; and we bear our most willing testimony to their worth." — Lon. Quarterly Eevifiv. " His diction displays an unlimited command, and an exquisite choice, of language. His copious use of Scripture phrases bestows upon his style an awful sanctity. The same purity of taste which appears in his choice of words is equally apparent in the forms of expression into which they are combined. The turn of his phrases Is gracefully idiomatic. In the construction of his periods, he is, perhaps, superior to any other writer. He seems to have employed every elegant and harmonious form of which the language admits; always gratifying, often ravishing, the ear, but never cloying it." " The originality with which he views every subject, and the roaster-hand with which he grasps it, are altogether very remark- able. He follows in no track of other men ; neither his thoughts nor his language are borrowed. A prodigious power of memory in the use of Scripture, an exquisite judgment in the disposition of his materials, are united with a boldness of conception, and a creative force of imagination, which stamp an impress of origi- nality and independence on all his reasonings." — A writer in the Lon. Christian Observer. '' I cannot do better than refer the academic reader to the im- mortal works of Kol>ert Hall. For moral grandeur, for Christian truth, and for sublimity, we may doubt whether they have their match in the sacrt^d oratory of any age or country." — Professor Sedgwick; in ftis Discourse on the Studies of the Cm'versity. *■ The works of this great preacher are. iu the highest sense of the term, imaginative; as distinguished not only from the didactic, but the fanciful. He possesses 'the vision and faculty divine' in as high a degree as any of our writers in prose. His noblest pas- sages do but make truth visible in the form of beauty, and 'clothe upou' abstract ideas until they become palpable in exquisite shapes. The dullest writer would not convey the siime meaning in so few words as he has done in the most sublime of his illustrations." — Sir T. N. Talfodrd: Pulpit Oratory, in Lon. Mag., Feb. 1821. The same critic remarks that, in the Discourse on the Prospect of an Invasion by Napoleon. Mr. Hall *' Blends the finest remembrance oft he an tique world — the dearest associations of British patriotism — and the pure spirit of the Gospel —in a strain as noble as could have been poured out by Tyrtajus." " His mind is little to be envied, if from the perusal of Robert Uall he do not find himself a more accom]»lished, a wiser, and a better man." — Church of England Quarti.rl;/ Ifeview. "The sermons and treatises which he •'iimmitfed to the press are worthy of his elevated character, and will ever rank among the choicest .specimens of sacred literature. They show the strength and beauty of which the English language is capable." — Dr. Wil- liams's C. P. " The excellence of Mr. Hall does not consist in the predominance of any one of his powers, but in the exquisite proportion and har- mony of all." — Sir T. N. Talfourd: see ante. "Hall, the most distinguished ornament of the Calviulstic 766 HAL dissenters, has long been justly ranked with the highest of our classics. His sermons are admirable specimens of pulpit eloquence, not to be surpassed in the whole compass of British theology. Those which received the author's own imjtrimatur are vastly su- perior to any that are either taken from his MSS. or supplied from the notes of shorthand writers." — Lowntles's Brit. Lib. "Wo iiuote some comparisons instituted between Hall and other writers. On these expressed opinions we forbear to make any comment. Some of our readers will unhesi- tatingly concur with them; others will qualify, and not a few stoutly contest them. '• Hall's style is as purely English as Addison's, without its oc- casional inaccuracy and pervading fulness; as energetic as War- burton's, without his coarseness, and. we may add. as classical as Burke's, without his pomp and artjficialness." — Lon. EcUctic Rev. for 18;i2. ''He is more massive than Addison, more easy and uncon- strained than Johnson, more sot>er than Burke."— imi. ^aar. Rev. Hear Dugald Stewart, in the same strain : " Whoever wishes to see the English language in its perfection must read the writings of that great divine, Robert Hall. He combines the beauties of Johnson, Addison, and Burke, without their imperfections." For Hall's opinion of Dugald Stewart, see Memoir by Dr. Gregory : we have not room for an extract here. If tbese criticisms savour of extravagance, we think the one subjoined hardly does Mr. Hall justice : " Hall is, even in print, much of the orator: although his lan- guage, with all its richness, betrays, iu his published writings, symptoms of anxious elaboration. Probably there could not be cited from him any thing equal in force or originality to some passages of Foster's, but it would still more certainly be impossible to detect him indulging iu feeble commonplaces.*'— Spalding : Hist, of Eng. Lit. An ardent admirer of Hall declares that " He had the intellect of an angel, the piety of a saint, and the humility of a worm." " One of the most able of modern writers, with a clear, argu- mentative, powerful, masculine mind, and a correct statement of evangelical truth; . . . of .':iinilar views in general doctrine to Scott and Fuller. ... A powerful and faithful writer, excepting his political pamphlets, which are a beacon to warn ministers from such subjects. ... A remarkable vigour of intellect and power of language distinguish his writings." — Bickersteth's C. S. "In his higher fiights, what he said of Burke might, with the slightest deduction, be applied to himself. ' that his imperial fancy laid all nature under tribute, and collected riches from every scene of the Creation and every walk of art;" [see Burke, in this volume,] and at the same time, that could be affirmed of Mr. Hall which could not be affirmed of Mr. Burke,— that he never fatigued and oppressed by gaudy and superfluous imagery. . . . His inex- haustible variety augmented the general effect. The same images, the same illustrations, scarcely ever recurred."— Dr. Gregory. " It is to be observed that imagination had always been a sub- ordinate faculty in his mental constitution. It was never of that prolific power which threw so vast profusion over the oratory of Jeremy Taylor or of Burke ; or which could tempt him to revel, for the pure indulgence of the luxury, as they appear to have sometimes done, in the exuberance of imaginative genius. _ As a preacher, none of his contemporaries who have not seen him in the pulpit, or of his readers in another age. will be able to con- ceive an adequate idea of Mr. Hall. . . . He displayed in a most eminent degree the rare excellence of a peifect conception and expression of every thought, however rapid the succession."— John Foster. "We know no one whose style is so strictly after the classic model. Like the ancient statuai-y, its high finish proves that it must have been elaborated; but all art is hidden." — A contributor to the Church of Irehnid Mag. " His published sermons will always be ranked amongst the finest specimens of pulpit eloquence ever given to the world. And yet the unanimous testimony of all who heard him is that his "discourses when spoken in the fervid glow of imagination and when the mind was full of the subject, were far superior to what was afterwards recorded from his own memory or the notes of others." — Dr. Jamjeson: Cyc. of Mod. Re!. Biog. '•In the eloquence of the pulpit, Robert Hall comes nearer Massillon than either Cicero or -Eschines to Demosthenes." — Lord Brougoam. See also an essay on Pulpit Eloquence in Lord Broug- ham's contributions to the Edin. Review, i. 100. And seer articles in the Eclec. Rev., iv. s. xv. 169 j N. Brit. Rev., iv. 54; N. Amer. Rev., Ixiv. 38-1. See also John Greene's Reminiscences of Robert Hall, and sketches of his Ser- mons preached at Cambridge prior to ISOfi, Lon., 1832, 8vo; also. Hall's Miscellaneous Works and Remains, 1846, sm. 8vo, and GilfiUan's 1st and 3d Galleries of Literary Portraits. '* Mr. Hall, like Bishop Taylor, has the eloquence of an orator, the fancy of a poet, the acuteuess of a schoolman, the profound- ness of a philosopher, and the piety of a saint."— 2>r. Farr's Spital Sermon. We conclude this imposing array of distinguished com- mendations by the testimony of Hall's attached friend and sincere mourner, Sir James Mackintosh. From this accomplished person a biography of Hall was expected, when—" what shadows we are .'"—Sir James was gathered to his fathers, and became himself the theme of an epitaph and the subject of the biographer's pen ! HAL HAL "His sermons are distinguished by solid rtnd profound pbilo- Eophy. and breathe a spirit of humility, pit-ty. and charity, worthy of that pure and divine relij^ion tn the defence of which the author has consecrated his talents. Ilis eloquence is of the highest Older, the natural effusion of a fertile iaiaL'in.ition and of an ardent mind, while his style is easy, various, and animated. On a review of all his various excellencies, we cannot hut expect with confidence that the name of Robert Ilall will be placed by pos- terity among the best writers of the :ige. as well as the most vigorous defenders of religious truth, and the briy;htest examples of Christian charity." There Lave been several publications of portions of Hall's works, and a number of collective editions. Works, with a Memoir of the author by Dr. 0. Gregory, and Observa- tions on his character as a preacher, by John Foster, Lon., 1831-33, 6 vols. 8vo ; 1S39, 6 vols. 8vo ; 1845, 6 vols. Svo ; 1846, 6 vols. fp. Svo; 11th ed., 1853, 6 vols. Svo. Con- tents: Vol. I. Sermons ; Charges; Circular-Letters. 11. Works on terms of Communion ; Difference between Christian Baptism and the Baptism of John ; Reply to Kinghorn, being a Further Vindication of Free Com- munion. III. Christianity Consistent with Love of Free- dom ; Apology for the Freedom of the Press ; On the renewal of the Charter of the East India Company; Ap- peal in behalf of the Frame-work Knitters' Fund ; Reply to Objections against this Society ; Slavery in the West Indies ; Fragments ; Christian in opposition to Party Communion ; Miscellaneous Pieces. IV. Articles from the Eclectic Review; Miscellaneous Pieces. V. Notes of Sermons; Letters. VI. Memoir by Gregory; Hall's Cha- racter, by Foster; Sermons; Index. "Are there any of you, my readers, who have not read the Life of Robert Hall? If so, * when found, make a note of it.' Never mind your theological opinion, orthodox or heterodox — send for Robert Uall ! It is the life of a man that it does good to man- hood itself to contemplate."' — Sii' E. Buhvcr Lytton's CaxUms, vol. ii. p. 1-21. Hall, S. R,, of the Seminary for Teachers, Andover. 1. The Instructor's Manual, Bost.. 1851. 16mo. 2. Leets. on Education, Lon., 12mo. 3. Geography for Children, X. York, ISmo. Hall, S. S., Counsellor-at-Law. N. Orleans. Bliss of Marriage; or, How togetaRich Wife, N. Orleans, 1858, 12mo. Hall, Samuel Carter, editor of the Art Journal, b. at Topsham, Devon, in 1800. has edited The Book of Gems, The Book of British Ballads, Royal Gems from the Galleries of Europe, Baronial Halls, &.C., but is best known by his share in au illustrated work on Ireland, written in conjunction with his wife. See Hall, Mas. Samcel Carter, No. 11. •' We may say, on the whole, that the literary, legendary, and antiquarian portions of the work are compiled with laudable dili- gence ; the illustrations are, for the most part, clear and interest- ing; and the statements and opinions are in general as sensible, candid, and trustworthy, as could be expected from writers who feirly confess their unwillingness to say any thing discreditable to the country and the majority of its people." — Lon. Quar. Eev., Sept 1849. Mr. Hall was formerly the editor of The Amulet, The New Monthly Magazine, and The British Magazine. He has assisted Mrs. llall in several works, in addition to the one above noticed. Hall, Mrs. Samuel Carter, formerly Miss Ann Maria Fielding, wife of the preceding, is a native of Wexford, Ireland, but removed to London at the early age of fifteen. As a graphic delineator of Irish peculiarities, and a skilful painter of those domestic experiences which are much alike among all nations, Mrs. Hall has acquired great reputation. The following are her principal works : 1. Sketches of Irish Character, 1829, r. Svo; 1844, r. Svo; 1846, r. 8vo; 1849, r. Svo; 1854, Svo. 2. Chronicles of a School-Room. 1S30, 12mo. 3. Sketches of Irish Character: Series Second, 1831; see No. 1. 4. The Buccaneer; a Novel, 1832, 3 vols. p. Svo ; 1849. fp. Svo. 5. Tales of Woman's Trials, 1834, r. Svo; 1846, r. Svo; 1852. Svo. 6. The Outlaw; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1S48, fp. Svo. 7. Uncle Horace; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols. p. Svo. 8. Lights and Shadows of Irish Life, 1S38, 3 vols. p. Svo. 9. Marian ; or, A Young Maid's Fortunes, 1S40, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1847, 12mo. 10. Tales of the Irish Peasantry, 1840. Svo. 11. Ireland, its scenery, character, Ac, 1841-43, 3 vols. imp. Svo. See Hall, Samuel Carter. 12. The White Boy ; a Novel, 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. 13. Midsummer Eve ; a Tale of Love, 1847, Svo. 14. Pilgrimages to Eng- lish Shrines, 1S50, Svo. 15. Popular Tales and Sketches : IS Tales, now first collected for the '* Amusing Library," 1856. As stated in the preceding article, Mrs. Hall has published several works in conjunction with her husband. !"jhe has also written several minor dramas, of which the first — the French Refugee — was brought out with great FAiCcess in London in 1837. Mrs. Hall has also been a large contributor to the periodicals of the day. We quote some opinions respecting the merits of this popular writer: ".Mrs. Hall has already shown her fitness for the task by an in- timate acquaintance with that class of Irish life which affords the animated portion of her descriptions. She paints the peasantry and working-cLtsses of the country with fidelity, and her pen is powerfully assisted by the productions of the pencil which she has called to her aid."' — Lon. AthencEum. : notice of Skeiclies of Irish Character. "The Irish Sketches of this lady resemble considerably Miss Mitford's beautiful En^^lish sketches in Our Village; hut they are more vigorous and picturesque, and brij^ht with an animated and warm nationality, apologetic and defensive, which Miss Mitford, writing of one class of English to another, had no occasion to use." — Bhickumnd's Mag., vol. Ixxvii. "Mrs. Hall is really a charming writer; and her Irish stories more especially — not at all like Miss Kdgeworth's Tales or Crofton Croker's Fairy Legends, both admirable in their way — are full of life and character, with that mixture of humour and pathns which seems the native temperament of the children of Erin." — Lo7i. Eclectic Kev. " In her Irish stories Mrs. Hall excels. Her rustic maidens are copied from the cottage; nothing can be more faithful and lively : nor are her hinds and husbandmen anything inferior. We no- where see the Irish character more justly or so pleasantly repre- sented. She sees Nature in her proper dimensions ; there is fancy, but no exaggeration, and life always." — Allan Cun>"1>gh.uj : Bi'jg. and Crit. Htif. of Lit. of the La^t 'Fifty Ymrs. '•There is about them [Tales of Woman's Trials] a still, and a solemn, and a holy, beauty that is worthy of the sacred subject which they illustrate; and what subject is better fitted to appeal to every generous sympathy, to every tender emotion, of man's nature? What subject better fitted to be delineated by woman's pen?"— Z>uW. Univ. Mag., vii. a)5-213. "Whatever expectations the name of Lights and Shadows of Irish Life may excite in the reader from its resemblance to the name of the exquisite volumes on Scottish Life which bear a simi- lar title, it is not too much to say they \\ill be satisfied." — Ibid.^ xii. 218-225. It is indeed high praise which has been awarded to thia lady, that " There is. also, in every thing she has published, the still higher merit — and without which all other pretensions to praise are worse than indifferent — of belonging to the most unexceptionable school of morals. She never tries to enlist our sympathies on the side of vice." — Duhl. Univ. Mag., xvi. 146-147. See this notice of Mrs. Hall's writings, accompanied by her portrait; see also same periodical, vols. vii. 205-213; xii. 218-225; xiv. 477— 179. And see a notice of Mrs. Hall, accompanied by a portrait, in Fraser's Mag., xv. 718 ; Lon. Month Rev. fur May, 1S31 : Lon. Athenseum. 1842, p. 18S. HallyMi'S. 8arah, 1761-1830. a lady of great virtues and accomplishments, a native of Philadelphia, was a daughter of the Rev. John Ewing, D.D., for many years Provost of the University of Pennsylvania and Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. In 1782 Miss Ewing was married to Mr. John Hall, of Maryland, and after this event resided alternately in the latter State and in Philadelphia, with the exception of four years passed in Lambertou, New Jersey. Mrs. Hall is best known as the author of Conversations on the Bible, of which four edits, were pub. in this country and one or two in London; 1st edit., 1818, ISmo. A 2d vol. was added and ihe whole issued in 1821, 2 vols. ISmo; 5th ed., 1837, 12mo, pp. 360. This volume has been highly commended : "This work is written with that ease and simplicity which be- longs to true genius, and contains a fund of information which could only have been collected by diligent research and mature thought."'— I*ROFESSon John S. Hart, of Philo/lelphia. Mrs. Hall was a contributor to the Portfolio, of which her son, John E. Hall, was for more than ten years the editor; and her essays and criticisms pub. in that peri- odical " May readily be distinguished, as well by their vivacity as the classic purity of their diction." — Mrs. S. J. Hale. A small vol., containing selections from her miscella- neous writings, was pub. in Philadelphia in 1S33, r. ISmo, by her son, Mr. Harrison Hall. This vol. contains a sketch of her life, to which we must refer the reader for further information respecting this accomplished woman, brilliant writer, and devout Christian. See also Hart's Female Prose Writers of America; Mrs. Hale's Records of Women ; Duyckincks* Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Four of Mrs. Hall's sons form the subjects of notices in this Dictionary: — 1. Harrison Hall. 2. JroGE James Hall. 3. John E. Hall. 4. Thomas Mifflin Hall. Hall, Sidney. 1. General Atlas, 53 maps. New ed., Lon., 1855, fol. '' The best and most recent authorities are in all cases consulted, and the maps are engraved in a masterly manner." — Lon. New Month. Mag. 2. County Atlas. New «d., 1S46. 3. Travelling County Atlas, 1851. "The best we have seen for neatness, portability, and clever engraving." — Westminster Rev. 4. First or Elementary Atlas, 1849, 4to. Mr. Hali en- 767 HAL II AL graved the maps of E. Quin's Ilistorical Atlas, 4th ed., 1853, r. 4to. Hall, Thomas, 1010-1665, a native of Worcester, a Puritan divine. Curate of King's-Norton, pub. several theolog. works and translations, and strictures on the cus- toms of the day, of which the following are among the best known : — 1. The Loathsomeness of Long ILiir; with an Appendix against Painting, Spots, Naked Backs and Breasts, tic, Lon., 1654, 8vo. 2. Vindicia? Literarum, 1654, '55, 8vo. 3. Comment, on the 3d and 4th Chap, of the 2d Epist. of Timothy. 1C58, ful. " Klaborate and judiciouB : the sum of nigh tliirty years' study." — Calamt. 4. FvnebriaFlorlEe; or, The Downfall of Ma.y-Games,&c., 1660, '61, 4to. 5. Comment, on Hosea xiii. 12-16. 6. Com- ment, on Matt. V. 14, 1060, 4to. Hall, Thomas. Serms., 1742-59. Hall, Thomas. Poems, 1792. &c. Hall, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1799, 1800. Hall, Thomas Mifflin, lost at sea in 1828, a son of Mrs. Sarah JIall. and a brother of Harrison, James, and John E. Hall, (see autt^.) contributed a number of poetical and scientific pieces to The Port-Folio. Hall, Timothy, d. 1690, consecrated Bishop of Ox- ford, 16,s8. 1. Serm., 1684, 4to. 2. Serm., 1689, 4to. Hall, \V, Serm., in CathoHck Serms., ii. 183. Hall, \V. J. 1. Doctrine of Purgatory, Lon., 1843, 8vo. "This is a work of much ability, erudition, nnd clear arrange- ment. — a most acute, able, and unsparing exposure of error." — Lon. Churchman's Hev. 2. Family Prayers, 1847, '48, 8vo. Hall, Willard. Laws of Delaware to 1829, inclu- sive, Wilmiug., 1829, Svo. Hall, Wm. To find the Longitude. Lon., 1714, Svo. Hall, Wm. Halo of the Moon, Trans. Soc. Edin., 1796, and in Nich. Jour., 1799. Hall, Wm. Costs at Law in Equity and Pari., Lon., 1828, 8vo. Hall, Capt. Wm, H., R.N., and W, D. Bernard. The Nemesis in China, comprising a Hist, of the AVar in that country ; 3d ed., Lon., 1848, p. Svo. "Captaiu Hall's narrative of the services of the Nemesis is full of interest, and will, we are sure, be valuable hyrcjifter, as afford- ing most curious materials for the history of steam navigation."— Lon. Quar. Hfv. ''This is the most important publication that has appeared reepecting our late contest with China."— ioH. Naval and Military Gaz'Ve. Hall, Wm. Henry, d. 1807, compiled an Encyclo- pafedia, and was the author of several other works. Hall, Wm. W., M.D., b. 1810, at Paris, Kentucky, grad. at Centre Coll., 1830 ; received the degree of M.D. at Transylvania Univ., 1836. 1. Treatise on Cholera, Svo. 2. Bronchitis and Kindred Diseases, 8th ed., N. York, 1853, Svo. Dr. Hall is the editor of the Journal of Health which bears his name. Hallam, Arthur Henry, lSll-1833. a grandson of Sir Abraham Elton, and a son of the distinguished author of A View of the State of Eurojic during the Middle Ages, Ac, was born in London, graduated at Trin. Coll., Cambridge, 1832, entered the Middlu Tenijile, and died in Germany in September, 1S33. An interesting biographical sketch of this gifted young man, written by his father, is prefixed to The Kemains, in Verse and Prose, of Arthur Henry Hallam, Lon., 1834. Privately printed. Mr. Hallam wits betrothed to a sister of the poet Tennyson, and the In Mtmon'um of the latter is a dirge for the departed. See estimate of the literary character of young Hallam in the North British Review, xiv. 261 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1852 : 353 ; Black- wood's Mag., xxxviii. 738. See also Lockhart's Life of Scott for a specimen of young Ilallam's poetical powers. Hallam, Henry, LL.D., one of the most distin- guished of modern authors, was born about 1778, and was educated at Eton and Oxford. After leaving college he settled in London, which has ever since been his principal place of residence. He was a valued friend of Sir Walter Scott, and the two were engaged about the same time as contributors to the Edinburgh Review. As a zealous co- operator with William Wilberforce in the abolishment of the Slave Trade, Mr. Hallam gained great and deserved reputation. Mr. Hallam is a Foreign Associate of the Institute of France. In 1830 he received one of the two fifty-guinea gold medals instituted by George IV. for emi- nence in historical cumposition. The other was awarded to our celebrated countryman, Washington Irving. Mr. Hallam is the author of three great works, either of which is of sufficient merit to confer upon the author literary immortality. 76a 1. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 4to ; 10th ed., 1853, 3 vols. Svo; 11th ed., 1855, 3 vols. cr. Svo. In these edits, the Supple- mental Notes pub. in an octavo vol. in 1S48 have been incorporated with the original work, partly at the fuot of the pages, partly at the close of each chapter, "It is the object of the prt-scut work to eshiljit, in a series of historical dissertations, a comprehfusive survey of the chief cir- cumstances that can interest a philosophical inquirer durinj^ the period usually denominatfd the Middle Ages. Such an under- taking must necessarily tall under the class of historical abridg- ments: jet there will perhaps be found euouj;h to distinguish it from such as have already appeared." See Preface to Fii-st Edition. Mr. Hallam's View comprises the period from the middle of the fifth to the end of the fifteenth century: from the establishment of Clovis in Gaul to the invasion of Italy by Charles the Eighth. "It would be difficult to appreciate exactly the merits, and in- vidious to pointout the defects, of the numerous precursors of Mr. Hallam in this branch of historical investigation. It is sufficient to remark that the plan of his work is more extensive than that of our countryman. Dr. Ilobertson, its arrangement more strictly historical, its views more comprehensive, and its information more copious and critical. Sir. Hallam appears to have bestowed much time and reflection on his subject. . . . To a familiar acquaintance with the early chronicles and ori'^inal histories of the IJarbariaus, Mr. Iliillam has added a diligent examination of their laws; and wherever records throw their steady and certain light on the pro- gress of events, he has consulted them with care. ISut it is not the labour and industry employed by Mr. Hallam in the composi- tion of this work, nor even the valuable and interesting informa- tion it contains, that constitute its chief or peculiar merit. It is written throughout with a spirit of freedom and liberality that do credit to the author. A firm but temperate love of liberty, an enlightened but cautious philosophy, form its distinguished ex- cellence. We never find the author attempting to palliate injus- tice or excuse oppression: and whenever he treats of popular rights, or pronounces on the contentions of subjects with their sovereigns, we meet with a freedom and intrepidity of discussion that remind us of b»tter times. liut, thoui^h a decided enemy to the encroachments of arbitrary power, Mr. Ilallam is no infatuated admirer of antient turbulence nor blind apologist of popular ex- cesses. If, indeed, there is any quality of his work that merits our unqualified approbation, it is the spirit of fairness and im- partiality that pervades the whole. We have sometimes found him careless, and have sometimes thought him in the wrong; but we have not met with an uncandid misrepresentation, an ungene- rous sentiment, or a narrow-minded prejudice, in his book." — Edin. Jfev., xxx. 140-172. " Mr. Ilallam has not made his work so much a regular history as a characteristic portraiture of the times to which it refers. It has not the sterile dryness of an abridgment, though it does not possess the fertile copiousness of a circumstantial narrative: but it is instructive, luminous, and animated ; and it may be perused with profit as well as amusement." — Lon. Month. Hev., Ixxxvii. 1- 14, 13ti-150. '■The most complete and highly-finished of his valuable works. It is a series of finely-drawn historical sketches." — N.Am£r. Rev. "An able and interesting performance, connected in a good measure with our earlier history. . . . His work is a sort of intro- duction to the earlier histories of the ensuing countries, [France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Germany,] and should be read with promptitude and diligence by every one interested in such studies. The notes are full of erudition." — Dibdijt's Lib. Gomp., ed. 1S25. "The State of Europe during the Middle Ages is full of in- formation for all who desire to be informed of the political and social condition of those kingdoms and states which arose out of the ruins and ashes of the empire of Rome. To show order emerging from confusion, the decisions of law taking place of those of violence and passion, and a line of defence raised to pro- tect the weak and the peaceable against the strong and the tyran- nous, was the task which Hallam assigned to himself; and he has accomplished all he undertook." — Allan Cunningham^s Crit. and Biog. ili^t. of the Lit. nf the Last Fifty Years. " All the subjects that have been glanced at in these earlier lectures are there [in Hallam's work on the Middle Ages] tho- rouirhly considered by this author with all the patience of an antiquarian and the spirit and sagacity of a philosopher: the French history, — the feudal system.— the history of Italy.— the history of Spain,— the history of Germany, — of the Greeks and Saracens. — the history of ecclesiastical power, — the constitutional histoi-y of England, — the Anglo-Saxon and the Anglo-Norman, — afterwards to the end of the civil wars between the Roses, — with a concluding dissertation on the state of society during the Middle Ages. I should have been saved many a moment of fatigue, some almost of despair, if these volumes had appeared bepDre I began my Lectures."— Pro/. Smyth's Lets, on Mod. mst.: Led. VJII. "Mr. Ilallam's View of the State of Furope during the Middle Ages is indispcnsabU to the historical student.'' — Warren's La%o Studies. " A work of profound research, and displaying a free and vigor- ous spirit of inquiiy and criticism." — Chancellor Kent. "The learned author, in his View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, investigates, with great ability, the origin and progress of the English Constitution, commencing with the Anglo- Saxons, and carried down to the extinction of the House of Plan- tagenet. Vide vol. iii. chap. viii. His work entitled The Con- stitutional History of England from the accession of Henry VII. to the death of George II. is the sequel of that history through a much more important period; the whole of which forms a more thorough, learned, and impartial view of the subject than is else- where to be found. These two works ought to be in every law- j yer's library, and merit to be studied, not merely read." — MoJ'man't I Le^. Stu. HAL HAL *• Notwithstandinfi tho iut^resting character of the Aragonese Constitutiou, and the amjiliiuJe of materials for its history, the subject has been hillierti> iir-^'lected. as far as I am aware, by cou- tinental writers. Iti.ib(:rr(siin and Ilallam. more especially the latter, have given such a view of ils pn'miiu-iit Iratures to the English reader, as must, I fear, deprive th.' skt-tiii w bich 1 have attempted. in a great degree, of novelty." — AVm. H. ruKscoTT: Ftrdinand and IsabdiUi 11th ed.; Ititroduc. to vol. i. 124. "Do you know Ilallam? Of course, I need not ask you if you have read his Middle Ages? It is an admirable work, full of re- search, and does Ilallam honour. 1 know no one capable of having written it, except him; for, admitting that a writer cnuld be found who could briug to the task his knowledge and tak'uts, it would be difficult to find one who united to these bis research, patience, and perspicuity of style. The retlections of Hallani areat once just and profound, bis language well chosen and impressive. I remem- ber being struck with a passage, where, touching ou the Venetians, he says, ' Too blind to avert danger, too cowardly to withstiind it, the most ancient government of Europe made not an instant's resistance. The peasants of Underwald died upou their moun- tains; the nobles of Venice clung only to their lives.' This is the style in which history ought to be written, if it is wished to im- press it on the memory." — Lord Byron : Lady BhssinytoiCs Ojn- versatifins with Lm-d B. 2. The Constitutional History of England, from the Ac- cession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II.. 1S27, 2 vols. 4to; 7th ed., 1854, 3 vols. Svo; Sth ed., 18o5, 3 vols, cr. Svo. Lord Brougham falls into an error, in commenting on the principal themo discussed in this work, hardly to be expected from one who has devoted tso much attentiuu to its subject-matter. His lordship assigns as one ol" his principal reasons for entering at large, in his Political Philosophy, into the earlier stages of the British Cou- Btitutiou, Mr. Hallam's having commenced his work with the reign of Henry VII. : '•His treatise, and that of Lord .Tohu Kussell, have one great defect in common: — they begin with tbeTudors. Now, it is quite undeniable that the foundations of our constitution were laid many centuries before the fifteenth; nor can any one hope tho- roughly to comprehend it who has not gone back to the earlier times. I have never been able to understand why those able and learned authors have both begun with Iltmry VII.'' But had his lordship not forgotten Chapter VIII. of The Middle Ages ? See Mr. Warren's correction of this grave error, Law Studies, 2d ed., 269, 270. In his disquisitions into the theology, the polities, and the learning of the Middle Ages, Wr. Ilallam was nut likely to provoke any other criticism than that which was connected with the subjects discussed without retercnce to prejudice or party feeling. But he could not write The Constitutional History of England without soon proving to himself and to the world that he was walking upon ashes under which the fire was not extinguished : " IncL^ens per igues Suppositos cineri doloso." — lion.: Od. 77., i. 7. Mr. Southey, in a review extending over no less than sixty-six pages, rated the historian in no gentle terms for his real or alleged offences against historic veracity. We have room for a brief extract only: *'The book is the production of a decided partisan; presenting not the history itself, but what is called the philosophy of history, and to be received with the more suspicion, because it deals in deductions and not in details. There are many ways in which history may be rendered insidious; but there is no other way by which an author can, with so much apparent good faith, mislead his readers. . . . * Unto thee Let thine own times like an old story be,' is the advice which Donne gives to him who would derive wisdom from the course of passing events. A writer of contemporary his- tory could take no better motto. Mr. Ilallam has proceeded upon a system precisely the reverse of this; and carried into the history of the past, not merely the maxims of his own age. as infollible laws by which all former actions are to be tiied. but the spirit .and the feeling of the party to which he has attached himself, its acri- mony and its arrogance, its injustice and its ill-temper.'' — Lon Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 1114-2TO. It is to this review that Wilberforce refers, when he says: " Southey, a bitter critic, and works Ilallam with great acute- ness and force." But audi alteram partem. The critique from which we have just quoted was published in January, 1828, and in the September following there appeared a pnper of great brilliancy and power — with its political merits or demerits we have here no concern — in the Edinburgh Review, the production of one who has since himself gained a great name in the walks of History. It will be seen that his estimate of Mr. Hallam's honesty as a historian is very difi'erent from that recorded by Mr. Southey: '* Mr. Ilallam is, on the whole, far better qualified than any other writerof our time for the office which be has undertaken. He has great industry and great acuteness. His knowl-rige is extensive, various, and prot'mnd. His miud is eiiually distinguished by the amplitude of its grasp, and by the delicacy i-f ils tart. His specu- lations have nolle of that vagueness which is (he common fault of 49 political philosophy. On the contrary, they are strikingly pr.ictical. They teach us not only the general rule, but the mode of applying it to solve particular cases. In this respect they often remind us ofthe Discourses of Machiavelli His work is eminently judicial. Its whole spirit is that of the bench, not that of the bar. He sums up with a calm, steady, impartiality, turning neither to the right nor to the left, glossing over nothing, exaggeiating nothing, while the advocates ou both sides are alternately biting their lips to he-ar their conliicting mis-statements and sophisms exposed. On a general survey we do not scruple to pronounce the Constitutional History to be the most impartial book that we ever read."^T. B. Macaulay: Edin. Rev., xlviii. yO-li39. The following testimony to the same effect, from a very eminent authority, should not be omitted in this con- nexion : ".All. Hallam's Constitutional History of England I must ear- nestly recommend, for it is a work of great research, great ability, great impartiality, often of very manly eloquence; the work of an enlightened lawyer, an accomplished scholar, and a steady assertor of the best interests of mankind. It is a source of great satisfac- tion to me that such a work exists, for every page is full of state- ments and opinions on every topic and character of consequence since the reign of Henry the Seventh: and these sentiments and opinions are so learned and well reasoned, that I am quite gratified to think that the student can now never want a guide and an in- structor worthy to conduct and counsel him in his constitutiona] inquiries. Mr. Ilallam is, indeed, a stern and severe critic, and the student may be allowed to love and honour many of our patriots, statesmen, and divines, in a more warm and unqualified manner than does Mr. Hallam; but the perfect calmness of ■\Ir. Hallam's temperament makes his standard of moral and political virtue high, and the fitter on that account to be presented to youthful minds. "There are objectionable pas.saijcs, and even strange passages, more particularly in the notes; but they are of no consequence in a work of so vast a range, and of so much merit. And Mr. Hallam luay have given offence, which could never have been his inten- tion, to some good men, to whom their establishments are natu- rally so dear; but I see not how this was to be avoided, if he was to render equal justice to all persons and parties, all sects and churches, in their turn. — and if he was to do bis duty, as he has nobly done, to the civil and religious liberties of his country."— Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod.. Hist., 1S28. A great historian of our own country pays the following high compliment to Mr. Hallam's treatment of one of the principal characters of his History : ''The unprejudiced reader may perhaps agree that the bal.ance of this great queen's [Elizabeth] good and bad qualities is held with a more steady and impartial hand by Mr. Hallam than any preceding writer."— Wm. H. I'iiescott : Firdinand a/id Isabella, 11th ed.. iii. 201. The value of Mr. Hallam's work to the legal student need hardly be enlarged upon; but here we shall adduce an authority which will be more valued than our own : ♦'No one can understand or appreciate this admirable work, who has not, before entering upon it, become familiar with at least the leading events of Eugli.«h history; and no one has made any sen- sible advances towards the enviable character of a sound constitu- tional lawyer, who is not thoroughly familiar with the work. Not that it is altogether free from erior ; but where is to be found any other political author exhibiting such a rare union of candour, learning, and sagacity, as characterizes this bold and independent writer?"— llT()Te«'5 Law Studies, 2d ed., 2G8, 269. See Allan Cunningham's Crit. and Biog. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 3. Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries. 1837-39, 4 vols. Svo; 4th ed., 1854, 3 vols. Svo; 5th ed., 1S55-56, 3 vols. cr. Svo. In the 4th ed. the test was revised, and such errors as the author discovered were removed. The few additional notes are distinguished hy the dates of the publications of the different edits, in the years 1842, '47, and '53. "The adv.intages of such a synoptical view of literature as dis- plays its various departments in their simultaneous condition through an extensive period, and in their mutual dependency, seem to manifest to be disputed." — Preface. Mr. Hallam then proceeds to give a rapid sketch of tho bibliography of Literary History. "The most important single volume that it has for some years been our duty to comment on. By this specimen [vol. i.] Mr. Hal- lam will confirm the solid and substantial reputation which he had already gained with all the sound and mature judges of literary excellence. By his completion of the work with the same care and in the same spirit, he will enable English literature to boast of the first fall, impartial, and general view ofthe simultaneous progress of letters in eveiy part of Europe." — Lo7t. Quar. Rev., Iviii. 29-60; ascribed to Southey, but incorrectly. Mr. Prescott, noticing the fact that the English have made hut slender contributions to the history of foreign literature, remarks : "The deficiency, indeed, is likely to be supplied, to a certain ex- tent, by the work of Mr. Hallam, now in progress of publication; the first volume of which — the only one which has yet issued from, the press— gives evidence of the same curious erudition, acuteness, honest imparfialify, and energy of diction, which distinguish the other writings of this eminent scholar. But the extent of his work, limited to four volumes, precludes any thing more than a survey of the most prominent features of the vast sul ject which he has undei-faken." — Review of Cftatiauhiand's Enq. Lit., jV. A. Rev.. Oct. 1S30. We quote a few notices of the whole work: 769 HAL HAL "Tho most important contribution to literary history which En^rlish libraries have received for many years. . . . That his work will I-e popular we can hardly predict. . . . We have already sug- gested sooie defects, to our apprehension, which will materially impfdu its present success. To these must be added a dry and austiMf style, uniformly clear, indeed, and English, but stimetiuu-s cha&tit^ed to a degree of tameness, sometimes, though not often, laboriously figurative, and loaded with rather heavy ornament. But most assuredly the reader who does not employ it merely to fill up the leisure of a few hours, but consults it for guidance, and refers to its authority, will never use it without an augmented eense of its value, and respect for its author. He will be struck with the modest simplicity with which its stores of very extensive erudition are displayed. He will he struck witli an honesty, even in the mere conduct of the work, rarely found in publications pre- tending to any thing hke the same amount of research." — Edin. Hev., Ixsii. 194-226. " The subject which he has now treated is one of more general interest than those discussed in his previous publications; and as the work was known to embody the labors of many years, it was received with curiosity and respect, and is likely to establish for him a wide and enduring reputation. . . . We close with the ex- pression of gratitude to him for undertaking an important and difficult task, and of respei-t for the ability, learning, and taste with which it is executed." — Francis Bowes: N. Amer. Eev., Ivi. 44-S9. '■ This is a production of the greatest value, and distinguished, like his other work, [on the Middle Ages,] for research, judgment, taste, and elegance." — Chancellor Kent. .See Blackwood's Mag., Xli. 614; xllx. 150. No writer can traverse so wide a field of inquiry with- out offending somebody ; and Bishop Monk, the biographer of Bentley, to quote his own language, felt himself ** ag- grieved" by a criticism of Mr. Ilnllam'son his {the bishop's) notice of Lo Clerc. The correspondence between his lord- ship and Mr. Hallam on this matter will be found in the London Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 2, 157-100. A vol. entitled Literary Essays and Characters; selected from an Intro- duction to the Literature of Modern Europe, was pub. in London. 1852, 12mo. We have now quoted a number of testimonies to the value of Mr. Ilallam's Literary History ; but we should display a strange insensibility did we omit to add our hearty concurrence in the highest commendation which we have recorded. Undoubtedly many of the most bril- liant gems of criticism of which our own gallery — the work now in the reader's hands — can boast, will be found cre- dited to the distinguished scholar whose name stands at the head of this article. But, desirous of concluding, as we commenced and have continued, by offering higher tribute than our own to the merits of this eminent writer, and preserving the rule established in our Critical Court of citing the most competent testimony in each case which should be presented for judgment, we shall now adduce the evidence of the historian of Modern Europe, and that of the author of Ferdinand and Isabella, in favour of the annalist of the Middle Ages, the Literature of Europe, and the Constitutional History of England: "The cold academic style of Robertson may suit the compara- tive calmness of the eighteenth century, but the fervour and ani- mation of its close comuiuuicated itself to the historical works of the next. Hallam was the first historian whose style gave token of the coming change; his works mark the tninsition from one age and style of literature to another. In extent and variety of learn- ing, and a deep acquaintance with antiquarian lore, the historian of the Middle Ages may deservedly take a place with the most emi- nent writers in that style that Europe has prc-duced; but his style is more imaginative than those of his laborious predecessors, and a fervent elotiuence or poetic expression often reveals the ardour which the heart-stirring events of his time h;td communicated to his disposition." — Sir Archibald Alison : Hist, of Eurojie, 1815- 52, chap. V. "The most eminent illustrations of the system of historical writ- ing which we have been discussing that have appeared in Eng- land in the present century are the works of Mr. Hallam, in which the author, discarding most of the circumstances that go to make up mere narrative, endeavours to fix the attention of the reader on the more important features of constitutional policy, employ- ing his wide range of materials in strict subordination to this pur- pose."— Wm. n. Prescott: N. Anur. Scv., October, 1829. The following little piece of pleasantry of Sydney Smith's can hardly fail to provoke a smile from the amiable reader : "In his voyage up the Rhine, Campbell met on the steamboat the historian of the Middle Ages. 'Hallam is a most excellent man,' said the poet, in one of his letters; 'of great acuteness. and of immense research in reading. I l>elieve him to have neither gall nor bitterness; and yet he is a perfect l)oa-contradictor! . . . His powers of study are like those of the scholars of the Alexan- drian Academy, whose viscera were alleged to be made of biass. He baits Sydney Smith himself with his provoking accuracy as to matters of fact. Smith once said to me, If Uallam were in the midst of a full assembly of scientific men, and if Euclid were to enter the room with his Elements under his arm. and were to say, Gentlemen, I suppose no one present doubts the truth of the Forty-fifth Proposition of my First Book of Elements,JMr. Hallam would say. Yes, I have my doubts.'" Hallam, Robert' A., D.D., Rector of St. James's Church, New London. Conn. Lects. on the Morning Prayer, PhiJa., 1Sj6, 12mo. Highly commended. 770 HaUaran,Wni.S.,M.D. Insanity, Ac. Cork.lS10,Svo. Hallawav, John. Anatomy, Lon., 1565, 4to. Halle, H. Fraser, Exact Philosophy, Lon., 1S48, p. Svo. "A valuable treatise on philosophic reasoning." Halleck, Fitz-Greene, an eminent American poet, b. at Guilford, Connecticut, in August, 1795, entered a banking-house in New York in 1813. and resided in that city, engaged in mercantile and kindred pursuits, until 1849, when he returned to his native town in Connecticut, where he now resides. For many years he acted as con- fidential ngent for John Jacob Astor. Mr. Halleck com- menced contributing to the papers of the day at an early age, and, when settled in New York, soon became an as- sociate of the wits of the town, comprising the *' mob of gentlemen who wrote with ease." In 1819 he made the acquaintance of Joseph Rodman Drake, who was so much pleased with his new friend that he admitted him into partnership in the composition of the Croker Papers, pub. in the New York Evening Post. 1819. The history of these sprightly sallies has been already referred to in our notice of the senior partner of this literary firm. The death of his chosen friend and literary colleague was mourned by Halleck in those exquisitely beautiful lines — '•Green be the turf above thee, Friend of my better days!" &c. In 1821 Mr. Halleck pub. his longest poem, — Fanny, — a satire upon the literature and politics of the time, in the measure of Don Juan. In 1S22 and '2.3 the author visited Europe ; and it is to the reflections engendered by his travels that we are indebted for the poems on Burns and Alnwick Castle, which, with Marco Bozzaris and some other pieces, were pub. in a vol. in 1827. Another edit, of his poems appeared in 1S36; a third, with Illustrations, in 1847; and a fourth, with additions to the poem Con- necticut, in 1852. The table of contents runs as follows: 1. Alnwick Castle. 2. Marco ^ozzaris. 3. Burns. 4. Wyo- ming. 5. On the Death of Joseph Rodman Drake. 6. Twilight. 7. Psalm CXXXIL 8. To * * * -*■. 9. The Field of the Grounded Arms. 10. Red Jacket. 11. Love. 12. A Sketch. 1.3. Domestic Happiness. 14. Magdalen. 15. From the Italian. 16. Translations from the German of Goethe. 17. Woman. IS. A Poet's Daughter. 19. Con- necticut. 20. Music. 21. On the Death of Lieut. Allen. 22. Fanny. 23. The Recorder. Epistles, &c. : 1. To Walter Browne, Esq. 2. To * * * *. 3. A Fragment. 4. Song by Miss .... 5. Song for the Drama of the Spy. 6. Address at the Opening of a New- Theatre. 7. The Rhyme of the Ancient Coaster. 8. Lines to her who can understand them. 9. Extracts from an Unpublished Poem, 10. Notes. AVhen we state that the thirty-two pieces above enume- rated arc all contained in a single 12mo vol., in large print, comprising but about 4000 lines, the point of the regret so often expressed, that one who can write so well should write so little, will be immediately understood. It is certainly not from want of public appreciation that Mr. Halleck so seldom strikes a lyre from which he evokes such " eloquent music," fur few American poets have been so highly lauded by critics, few so often read and ardently admired in the social circles of the land. The narrowness of our limits is continually restricting the exercise of our inclination in the way of quotations ; but we are not wil- ling to pass by the name of this graceful and elegant yet at the same time animated and energetic poet, without a few lines of comment : '* There is in his compositions an essential pervading grace, a natural brilliancy of wit, a freedom yet refinement of sentiment, a sparkling How of fancy, and a power of personification combined with such high and careful finish, and such exquisite nicety of taste, that the larger part of them must be regarded as models almost faultless in the classes to which they belong." — ffmuJoWs Poets inid Poetry of America. "The poems of Fitz-Greene Ilalleck. although limited in quan- tity, are i>erhaps the best-known and most cherished, especially in the latitude of New York, of all American verses. . . . The school- boy and the old Knickerbocker both know them by heart. In his serious poems, he belongs to the same school as Campbell; and in his lighter pieces reminds us of Beppo and the best parts of Don Juan. Fanny, conceived in the latter vein, has the point of a fine lo<'al satire gracefully executed. Burns, and the lines on the death of Drake, have the beautiful impressiveness of the highest elegiac Terse. Marco Bozzaris is perhaps the best martial lyric in the language; Red Jacket the most effecti\e Indi.in ))ortrait; and Twilight an apt piece of contemplative veise; while Alii"ick Castle comliines his grave and gay style with inimitable art and admirable eEFect." — Henry T. Tuclcerman's Sketch of American Litirature. An exquisite American poet, a most unexceptionable judge in the premises, ably justifies Mr. Halleck in those rhythmical inequalities which have sometimes been cen- sured as inartistic and ungraceful. We give a brief extract : IIAL HAL "He is familiar with those general rules and principles which are the basis of metriLal harmony; and his own un-.'rring taste has taught him the exceptions which a proper attention to variety demands. lie understands that the rivulet is made musical by obstructions in its channel. In no poet can be found passages which How with more svreet and liquid smoothness; but he knows very well that to make this smriothness perceived, and to prevent it from degenerating into monotony, occasional roughness must lie intei-posed." — William Cullen Bryant. '• It may be said of his compositions, as it can be affirmed of few American verses, that they have a real innate harmony, some- thing not dependent on the number of syllables in each line, or capable of being dissected out into feet, but growing in them, as it were, and created by the fine ear nf the writer. Their senti- ments, too, are exalted and ennobling; eminently genial and honest, they stamp the author for a good man and true, — Nature's aristocracy." — Fraser^s Magazine. For further particulars re?pecting this delightful writer and his productions we must refer the reader to the works above cited : also to Duyckiiieks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. ; Poe's Literati ; Miss Mitford's RceoUeetious of a Literary Life ; Whipple's Essays and Reviews ; H. B. Wallace's Literary Criticisms, 60-63; New Englander, i. 153; South. Lit. Messenger, ii. 326 ; viii. 242 ; A mer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 399 ; Knickerbocker, xxvi. 553 ; U. States Lit. Mess., vi. 8 ; In- ternational Mag., i. 166 ; iii. 433, 434. The lato Mr. Rogers was an ardent admirer of Mr. Hal- leck's poetry, and paid a glowing tribute to his genius in a letter to AVashington Irving, read by the latter at a lite- rary dinner in New York in 1S37. New and complete editions of Mr. Ilnlleck's Poems were pub. in IS.^S, by Messrs. Apjileton, of N.Y.. in 1 vol. 12mo, and also 1 vol. 8vo, illustratdl. Halleck, Lt. H. W. Elements of Military Art and Science, N. York, 1846, 12mo. Hallet, Dr. Aurora Burealis ; Phil. Trans., 1726. Hallet, Joseph, Jr., 1692-1744, an Arian divine, pub. answers to the deistical arguments of Chubb, Woolston, and Morgan, — see Leland's Deistical Writers, — and several other works, of which the best-known are 3 vols., 1729, '32, '36, on the Study of the Holy Scriptures, tte. '•Whether the reader shall agree or differ with II:ilIet in many of the views which are stated and defended in these volumes, he wiU not deny their author the praise of deep l.juniing, patient re- search, and originality of mind." — Orme's Bihl. Bib. Hallett, Robert. Use of Tobacco-Water in pre- serving Fruit-Crops, by destroying Insects, ic. ; Nic. Jour., 1808. Halley, Edmnud, LL.D., 1656-1742, an eminent mathematician and astronomer, a native of Ilaggerston, Shorediteh, liondon, was educated at St. Paul's School, and at Queen's College, Oxford. In 1703 he was appointed Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford, and in 1719 succeeded Flamsteed as Astronomer Royal. In 1676 he pub. his first paper in the Phil. Trans, on the Orbits of the Primary Planets; in 1679 he pub. his Catalogue of the Southern Stars; and in 1683 he gave to the world, through the medium of the Phil. Trans., his Theory of the Varia- tion of the Magnetical Compass. In the years 1698-1700 he sailed along the coasts of Africa, America, &q., in order to test the variation of the needle iu diffcient parts of the world. For a detailed account of his life and publica- tions, — upon astronomy, mathematics, nat. philos., tfec. — we must refer the reader to Biog. Brit. ; Birch's Life of Tillotson ; Whiston's Life; Athen. Oxon.; Thompson's Hist, of the Royal Society ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. : an article by Sir David Brewster in Rich's Cyc. of Univ. Biog. The Rev. J. S. Rigaud pub., in 1844, A Defence of Edmund Ilalley against the Charge of Religious Infidelity : see Newton, Sir Isaac, p. 1418. Halley excelled in many departments of learning and scientific research : '•While we thought theenlogiunxof an astronomer, a naturaliat, a scholar, and a philosopher, comprehended our whole subject, we have heen insensibly surprised with the history of an excellent mariner, an illustrious traveller, an able engineer, and almost a ttate-iniau." — M. Mairan: ^logt: upon Hallfiy, 1742. Halley, George, Serms., 1689, '91, *98, all 4to. Halley, Robert, D.D. 1. Lects. on the Sacraments : T. Baptism, Lon., 1844, 8vo; IL The Lord's Supper, 1851, 'o3, Svo. ■• To those who should wish to see Cardinal Wiseman's discourses on this subject refuted in a most masterly manner, we recommend Dr. Halley's volume." — LffU. }Vatchman. 2. Reply to the Rev. C. Stovel on Baptism, 1844, Svo. Halliday, Sir Andrew, M.D., d. 1S40, pub. several profes.^ional and other works, for a list of which, and a biographical notice of the author, see Lon. Gent. Mag., January, 1840. See also Watt's Bibl. Brit. We notice the following: 1. Memoir of the Campaign of 1815, Paris, 1816, Svo. 2. A Genealogical Hist, of the House of Guelph, Lon., 1820, 4to. A fragment upon this subject was found among the papers of Gibbon, the historian. 3. Annals of the House of Brunswick, 1826, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Annals of the House of Hanover, 1826, 2 vols. r. Svo. 5. The West Indies, 1837, Svo. "Of modest pretensions, but replete with Interesting and instruct- ive infirmation." — L-m. Athcn(Eum, 1837 : 242. Halliday, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1749, Svo. Hallitav, Dr. Euclid, Oxon., 1685, Svo. Hallifax, Charles. 1. Familiar Letters, 1753. 2. Mis- cellanies in Prose and Verse, Svo. Hallifax, James, Rector of Cheddington, Bucks, and Vicar of Ewell, Surrey. Serms., 1756-71. Hallifax, Samuel, D.D., LL.D., 1733-1790, a native of Mansfield, Derbyshire ; educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., and Trinity Hall: Rector of Cheddington, Bucks, 1765; Prof, of Arabic, Univ. Camb., 1768; Regius Prof, of Civil Law, 1770; Rector of Warsop, 177S; Bishop of Gloucester, 1781 ; trans, to St. Asaph, 1787. 1. Analysis of the Roman Civil Law, Lon., 1774, 75, Svo; Camb., 1795, Svo. New ed., by J. W. Geldart, 18.".0, Svo. See AVarren's Law Stu- dies. 2. 12 Serms. on Prophecies, 1776, Svo. See Brit. Crit., 0. S., xxvii. 653. Bp. H. pub. a number of other serms. Hallifax, Wm., D.D. Serm., 1701, 4to. Hallifax* See Halifax. HalliAvell, James Orchard, an eminent English archaeologist, b. 1821, author and editor of many valuable works, principally illustrative of past ages, and exhibiting extensive learning and laborious research. Many of Mr. Halliwell's volumes were privately printed, and in some cases only 10 to 25 copies were struck otf. 1. Acct. of Popular Tracts in Capt. Cox's Library, Lon., 1849, Svo. 2. Acct. of the MSS. in Chetham Library, 1842. 3. Acct. of the only known MS. of Shakespeare's Plays, 1S43, Svo. 4. Ancient Inventories of English Furniture. Ac, lS54,4to. 5. Ancient MSS. in the Public Library, Plymouth, 4to. 6. Ancient Systems of Notation, 1854, 4to. 7. A Neat Boke about Shakespeare, ttc, 1851, 4to. S. Archseologist: Journal of Antiquarian Science, Svo. 9. Antiquities, &c. illustrating the Life and Works of Shake.-peare, 4to. 10. Cat. of the Contents of the Codex Holbrookiauus. 1840, Svo. 11. Cat. of Proclamatii)ns, Broadsides, Ballads, and Poems, presented to the Chetham Library by J. 0. Halli- well, 1851, 4to. 12. Character of Sir John Falstafi^, 1S41, 12mo. 13. Collection of Pieces in the Dialect of Zummerset, 1843. p. Svo. 14. Contrib. toEarlyEng. Lit.,4to. 15. Diet. j of Archaic and Provincial Words, 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. Svo. ' 16. Early Hist, of Free-Masonry in England, 2d ed., 1844, p. Svo. 17. Foundation Document of Merton Coll., Oxf., I by John Heywond. 1843, Svo. IS. Garland of Shakespe- riana recently added to the Libraiy of J. 0. H. 19. Gros- ' teste's Castle of Love, 4to. 20. Hist. Coll. Jesu Cantab. ; i J. Shcrmauno, »fec., Svo. 21. Hist. Sketch of the Provincial ' Dialects of England, 1S47, Svo. 22. Illustrations of the Hist, of Prices, 4to. 23. Introduc. to Shakespeare's Mid- I summer's Night Dream, 1S42, 8vo. 24. Jokes of the Cam- , bridge Cofi'ee-Houses in the 17th Cent., 1842, ISmo, ! 25. Letter'' of the Kings of England, 2d ed., 184S, 2 vols. p. Svo. 26. Letters on Scientific Subjects tt:nip. Eliz. to I Charles IL, Svo. 27. Life of William Shakespeare, 1848, ■ Svo. 28. Life of Sir Samuel Morlund, Svo. 29. Lit. of ! the 16th and 17th Cents. 30. Merry Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham, 1840, p. Svo. 31. Morte Arthurc, from the Lincoln MS., 4tn. 32. MS. Rarities in Cambridge Univ., Svo. 33. Norfolk Anthology, 4to. 34. Nugie Po- ! eticee : Select Pieces of Old English Poetry, 1844, 12mo. 35. Nursery Rhymes of England, 5th ed., 1854, p. Svo. 36. Palatine Anthology. 4tn. 37. Poetry of Witchcraft, 1 4to. 38. Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales, 1849, 12mo. I 39. Rara Mathematica, 2d ed., 1839, 12mo. 40. Reliquia Antiquae, 2 vols. Svo; in conjunction with Mr. Thomas j Wright. 41. Shakesperiana: Cat. of the early edits, of I Shakespeare's Plays, Ac, 1841, Svo. 42. Shakespeare Forgeries at Bridgewater House, 4to. 43. Shake:s[iearo ' Reliques in the possession of J. 0. H., 4to. 44. Sir John j Maundeville's Voiage and Travaile. 45. Sydneian Litera- ture in the Library of J. 0. H., 1854, 4to. 46. The Cou- ! nexion of Wales with the Early Science of England. Svo. I 47. The First Sketches of the Second and Third Parts of I K. Henry VI. 48. The Harrowing of Hell, 1840, Svo. I 49. Theolog. MSS. in the Library of J. 0. H., 1854. 4to. \ 50. Th« Vernon MSS., 1848, Svo. 51. Torrent of Portugal, j 1842, p. Svo. 52. Two Essays on Numerieal Calculation, ^ &c., 1839, Svo. bi. Unique Ed. of Sir P. Sydney's Ar- I cadia, 1854, 4to. b'i. Yorkshire Anthology, 4to. I We have many testimonies before us to the merits of I Mr. Halliwell's productions, but want of space compels us reluctantly to omit them. 771 HAL HAM The above list exhibits evidence of no ordinary literary industry; but the iiutfinum opus of Mr. Ilalliwell remains to he mentioned. This is a grand edition of The Works of "William Shakespeare, with a new collation of the early editions, all the original novels and tales on which the plays are founded; copious archwological illustrations to each play ; and a life of the Poet. This magnificent work is to be completed in 20 folio vols., of which 5 have ap- peared, (1856,) at a cost of £63. It was .it first settled that the cost would he £2 2s. each vol., or £42 in all, hut it was subsequently advanced to £6.3. The edition is limited to 150 copies. The illustrations are to be by. and under the care of, Mr. F. W. Fairholt. This will he indeed the noblest monument to the memory of the illustrious bard. See Lon. Oent. Mag., April, 1855, :)92; June, 1855, 554. Hallock, Rev. Wni, A, Life and Labours of the Rev. Justin Edwards. D.D.. N. York, 1856, 12mo. Halloran, O'. See O'IIalloran. Halloway, Ilen.jamin. Remarks on Dr. Sharp's pieces on the words Ellnhim and Bcrith, Lon., 8vo. Halls, Itobert, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1795. Ilallwai'il, John. Serm., Lon.. 1775, 8vo. Hallywell, Hi'iiry, Vicar of Cowfidd, pub. several theolog. works, of which the best-known is one on witches, entitled Melampronvea, &c.. Lon., 1681, 8vo. See Lon. Retrosp. Rev., v. 87-136: 1822. Halpin, Rev. .lohn Nicholas, 1790-1851, was the author of some works on Shakspe;ire, Spenser, theological subjects, Ac, 1811-50. See Lon. tyent. Mag.. Aug. 1851. Halstead, Robert, a fictitious name under which Henry, second E;xrl of Peterborough, pub. a work drawn up by himself and his chaplain, entitled Succinct Genealo- gies of the noble and .ancient Houses of Alno, or Do AIneto, Broc of Shephale, Ac., Lon., 1685, fol. See full title and collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 862. Only 21 copies were printed: a copy has been sold for £100. Halsted, Caroline Amelia, d. 1851, an authoress of some distinction. 1. Life of Margaret Beaufort, Coun- tess of Richmond and Derljy. Lon., 1839, '45, 8vo. 2. Obli- gations of Literature to Mothers of England. (Uresham Prize Essay,) 1840, p. 8vo. 3. Investigation, 3d ed., 1846, fp. 8vo. 4. Life of Richard IIL, 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. " \Vt! consider Miss Halsted's work as one of the most interesting and able pieces of history which has ever been presented to the world. The research which it manifests is most extensive ; the arrangement clear and lucid; the style alw.avs animated and pic- turesque. Many new lights are thrown on the career of Itichai-d, many new facts elicited, and the injustice of four centuries vindi- cated by this intrepid and indefatigable champion of historical truth.'" — Lon. Mdmiwlttan Mufiazinf:. *'Miss Halsted deserves great credit for her laborious attempt to vindicate llichard's character, and for the patient care with which she has sought out and marshalled her authorities." — Lon.AtUe- nccum. In this history Miss Halsted concurs with Sir George Buc, who, as Wood says, '*Doth make King Richard ITI. an admirable man. and not at all that man that other histories make him to be." — Alfim. Oxnn. To these advocates for Richard's character must be added Horace W.aIpoIe and Sharon Turner. Halsted, Peter. Two Serms., Lon., 1794, 8vo. Halsted, Wni. 1. Rep. of Cases in Supreme Ct, of N. Jersey, 1821-32, Trenton, 1823-31, 7 vols. 8vo. 2. Inde.\ to the Decis. of the Superior Cts. of N. Jersey, 1843-44, Svo. Halsy, James. Serm.. Ac. Lon., 1676-78. Halward, John. Serm., Lon., 1774, Svo. Haly, Capt. Aylmer, of the King's (own) Infantry. Military Observations, Lon., 1801, 8vo. Haly, Wm. W. See Troubat, Francis J. Halyburtou, Thomas, 1674-1712, a divine of the Church of Scotland, a native of Duplin, near Perth ; mi- nister of the parish of Ceres, 1700 ; Prof, of Divinity in the Univ. of St. Andrew's, 1710. 1. Natural Religion In- sufficient, Ac, Edin., 1714, 4to; 1798, 8vo. An ed., with Introduc. by Rev. David Young, 12mo. " It contains a very able examination of the writings of Lord Herbert, and demolishes to the jrrouud the strongholds of the enemies of Revelation." — Orme's Bibl. Bib. ••A work of gieat solidity and worth."— i)r. E. Williams's C. P. *' This elaborate performance." — Leland's Dnstical Writers, q. v. 2. Memoirs of his Life. Continued by James Watson, Edin., 1715, Svo. With a Pref. by Dr. Isaac Watts, Lon., 1718, Svo. " Specially valuable for a minister."— BicA'n-,!(clft's C. fS. 3. The Great Concern of Salvation, Edin., 1722, Svo. Still highly esteemed. 4. Ten serms. on the Lord's Sup- per, 1722, Svo. 5. His Works, with an Essay on his Life and Writings by Robert Burns, D.D., Lon., 1835, Svo. " No Christian's, and especially no Scottish clergyman's, hbrary should be without a m^y ."—Scottish Ouardian. " lie wa.s a man of great piety, bright uatui-al parts, studious learning, and nnonmmon penetration and judgment." — Dr. TSA.^c Watts. See bis ^lenioirs. Halyburtou, VVm. Georgics, Edin., 1782, 8yo. Ham, Robert. Visit. Serm., Lon., 1713, Svo. Hambleton, John. Serms. on the 53d of Isaiah, .The Beatitudes, &c., Lon. 1831, Svo. '■ Truly scriptural in their character.'" — Lon. Chris. Observ. Other serms. and theolog. works. Hamel, Felix John. The Laws of the Customs, Lon., 1S54, r. Svo. *' Mr. Ilamt-rs work evinces a thorough intimacy with the learn- ing of lievenUL- Law.'" — Lfi/. Observer, Hamersley, Rich. Advice to Sunday Barbers against Trimming on the Lord's Day, Lon., 1706, Svo. Hamey, Baldwin. De Juramento Medicorum, Lon., 1693, 4to. Hamilton, Marquis of. Declaration and Vindica- tion of Himself, 1638, 4to. Hamilton, Lady. Secret Hist, of the Court of Eng- land from the Accession of George III. to the Death of George IV., 1832, 2 vols. Svo. "The only genuine secret history of the period, written by the sister of the late Duke of Hamilton. It abounds in most inte- resting sketches of the notabilities of Carlton House and the Pa- vilion, and admits the reader at once behind the scenes relative to the tran.s.actions with Queen Caroline, the Countess of Jersey, Sir Sidney Smith, ic." Hamilton, Mrs. Housekeeping-Book, Lon., 1853, '55, Svo. " Some very sensible advice to young housekeepers is prefixed." — L'm. Specl'ilcr. Hamilton, A. Serms., Edin., 1696, 12mo. Hamilton, Miss A. Novels, 1806-11. Hamilton, A. G. New Key to unlock every King- dom, State, and Province in the known world, 12mo. "Any person possessing the matter that this smaU volume con- tains may pass through the world as a clever man." — FaUu, Rev. Hamilton, Captain Alexander. A New Account of the East Indies, Edin., 1727, 2 vols. Svo; Lon., 1744, 2 vols. Svo. Also in vol. viii. of Pinkerton's Collection of Voyages and Tra'vels. Capt. H. gives the results of thirty years' observations in these parts. " One of the bestof the earlier accounts of India." — McOtdUxh'a Lit. ofPolit. Ecmi. Hamilton, Major-Geueral Alexander, 1757- 1804, one of the most distinguished of the soldiers and statesmen of the American Revolution, was born in the island of Nevis, of which his mother was a native, his father being a Scotchman. At the age of fifteen he w,as entered as a private student in King's (now Columbia) College. When only seventeen, he pub. a series of admirable essays on the Rights of the Colonies; before he was nineteen, he entered the Revolutionary array as a captain of artillery; in 1777 he became aide- de-camp to General Washington, with the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel ; in 1780 he was married to the second daughter of General Schuyler, who survived her husband half a century ; in 1782 he was elected a member of Con- gress from the State of New I'ork: in 1786 he was chosen a, member of the Legislature of New York ; in 1787 he was a delegate to the Convention which framed the Con- stitution of the United States: in 1788 he pub., in con- junction with Madison and Jay, the celebrated essjiys entitled The Federalist; in the same year he was a mem- ber of the State Convention of New York, summoned to ratify the Constitution proposed for tho United States; in 1789 he became Secretary of the Treasury; in 1795 he applied himself to tho practice of the law in the city of New Y^ork ; in 1798 he was, at Washington's request, ap- pointed second iu command of the provisional army, summoned to repel an apprehended invasion of the French : on the death of Washington, in 1799, he succeeded to tho chief command of the army; ou the disbanding of the army he returned to private life, and practised at the Bar until 1804, when, on the 12th of June, his life was termi- nated by a wound received the day preceding iu a duel with Colonel Aaron Burr. He was a man of extraordinary intellectual capacity, and of great firmness and energy of character; and to no one, with the exception of the illustrious Washington, are the people of the United States more deeply indebted for the republican freedom which they now enjoy. His political essays abound with choice specimens of argumen- tative rhetoric and logic;il precision. An edit, of his works, comprising Official Reports. The Federalist, Ac, was pub. in 1810, 3 vols. sm. Svo. His Official and other Papers, edited by Francis L. Hawks, D.D., appeared in 1842, Svo; and in 1851 a carefully-prepared edit, of his Works, pub. from the original MSS. in the Department of State, and edited by his sou, John C. Hamilton, was issued iu 7 vols. HAM HAM 8vo. The edit, of 1810, 3 rols. sm. 8vo, must accompany this last edit., as the former contains matter not to be found in the latter. Memoirs of his Life were jjub. by his son, John C. Hamilton, in 2 vols. Svo, 1834— iO ,• and Mr. Coleman pub. in ISO-i, 8vo, a Collection of the Facts and Documents relative to the death of Major-Ueneral Alex- ander Hamilton. In Mr. John C. Hamilton's History of the Republic, &c., vol. i., 1858, 8vo, will be found a sketch of Hamilton's career. This vol. has been severely criti- cized. The best-known of his works are the papers en- titled The Federalist, a collection of Essays on the Ame- rican Constitution, pub. in 1788, under the signature of " Publius," in the interval between the publication and the adoption of the Constitution, and designed to explain its merits to the people at large. There are eighty-five of these political essays, and their authorship is distributed as follows : By Alexander Hamilton : Nos. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, SO, 81, 82, 83, 84, S5. Fifty-one Nos. By James Madison : Nos. 10. 14, 18, 19, 20, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63. Twenty-nine Nos. By John Jay : Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 64. Five Nos. These celebrated essays have elicited enthusiastic com- mendation on both sides of the water; and indeed it would be difficult to exaggerate the merits of The Federalist: "It ou-^ht to be familiar to the statesmen of every nation."— Pe TOCQUEVILLE. "A work which exhibits an extent and precision ofiuformation, a profundity of research, and an acut«ness of understanding, which would have done honour to the most illustrious statesmen of antient or modern times."'— Hiin. Rev., xii. 471 : Review of Bill- house on Amendment of American Cfmstitution. " The whole of the letters combined present to us a masterly commentary on the American Constitution, which ought to be placed by the side of Blackstone in the library of every English- man." — Lon. Month. Rev., cxii. 518; Review of (he Federalist. " It is a work, altogether, which, for comprehensiveness of de- sign, strength, clearness and simplicity, has no parallel — we do not even except or overlook those of Montesquieu and Aristotle — among the political writings of men." — Blackwood's Mag., xvii. 56 : American Writers, No. 4. " No constitution of government ever received a more masterly and successful vindication. I know not, indeed, of any work on the principles of free government that is to be compared, in in- struction and intrinsic value, to this small and unpretending volume of the Federalist; not even if we resort to Aristotle, Cicero, Machiavel, Montesquieu, Milton, Locke, or Burke. It is equally admirable in the depth of its wisdom, the comprehensiveness of its views, the sagacity of its reflections, and the fearlessness, pa- triotism, candour, simplicity, and elegance, with which its truths are uttered and recommended. Mr. Justice Story acted wisely iu making the Federalist the basis of his Commentary."— Chancellor Ke.vt: Cbni. on Amer. Law, ed. 18.54, i. 256, 257. We shall now proceed to quote some testimonies to the merits of Hamilton exclusively, although, indeed, by far the larger share of each of the eulogies cited above be- longs by right to him : " It was from him that the Federalist derived the weight and the power which commanded the careful attention of the country, and carried conviction to the great body of intelligent men in all parts of the Union."— GborgeTicknor Curtis: Hist, of the Cbnsiit. of the U. States, 1854, vol. i. 417. Read Mr. Curtis's observations on the edits, of the Federalist. " His are easily distinguished by their superior comprehensive- ness, practicalness, originality, and condensed and polished dic- tion."— R. W. Geiswold ; Life of HamilUm, in The Prose \Vi-iters of America. But to proceed with our promised quotations: "Hamilton must be classed among the men who have best known the vital principles and fundamental conditions of a government.— not of a government such as this, (France.) but of a government worthy of its mission and of its name. There is not in the constitution of the United States an element of order, of force, or of duration, which he has not powerfully contributed to introduce into it and caused to predominate."— 6'«uo£'5 Character and Influence of Wiishingtmi. '* Of Hamilton, in an especial manner, T admire your warm and characteristic eulogy. I have always believed that his title to re- nown was as great as you have portrayed it. I never knew him; but I have deemed him a giant among his contemporaries, of whom it mit'ht truly be said, toto vertice supra pM."— Judge Story to ChanMlor Kent, Dec.22,1836: Life and Letttrs of Judge Story M.lb^. "The model of eloquence and the most fascinating of orators. With all his failings, he possessed a high and ennobled .spirit, and acquired an influence from his overwhelming talents which death alone swept away."— Judge Storv : Letter to Mrs. Story, Feb. 7, 1810: Life and LeUa-s, i. 196. In the letter from which we have just quoted, Judge Story refers to an interview which he had with Mrs. Hamilton, — General Hamilton's widow, — in the city of Washington, and the melancholy feelings thereby excited. The death of Hamilton is indeed a sad theme, and nothing can be said in vindication of the fatal step which was the cause of his untimely removal from patriotic usefulness and unbounded honours. How long shall the ''public opinion" of fools, bravoes, and cowards — for of these de- graded classes nine-tenths of your duellists and their apologists are composed — have power to terrify such noble characters as Alexander Hamilton into open and impious defiance of the laws of God and m.an ? Yet it is no small satisfaction to know that he deeply regretted his error, and sought reconciliation with his Maker with ^'unfeigned humiliation and a trembling hope." Imme- diately before participating in that solemn rite by which the Church reminds the departing believer of the effectual atonement once offered for the sins of men, he declared : '* I have a tender reliance on the mercy of the Almighty through the meiits of the Lord Jesus Christ."' He was a careful student of the oracles of Divine Reve- lation ; and, as the author of this Dictionary was assured by his respected widow, his Bible still retains the pencilled indications of the interest excited in his mind by the pe- rusal of particular passages of the Scriptures. But we do not feel willing to leave the contemplation of his memory without some further quotations to the emi- nent abilities of this illustrious man : " The name of Hamilton would have honoured Greece in the age of Aristides. May Heaven, the guardian of our liberty, grant that our country may be fruitful of Hamiltons, and faithful to their glory. , . . Virtue so rare, so pure, so bold, by its very purity and excellence inspired suspicion as a prodigy. His enemies judged of him by themselves; so splendid and arduous were his services, they could not find it in their hearts to believe that they were disinterested." — FiSHER Ames: Sketch of the CItaracter of Alexander Hamilton, 1804. In the following sentence Ames is thought to have admirably expressed the public virtues and social attrac- tions of Hamilton ; "It is not as Apollo, enchanting the shepherds with Ms lyre, that we deplore him ; it. is as Hercules, treacherously slain in the midst of his unfinished labours, leaving the world overrun with mon.sters." " Melancholy, most melancholy news for America — the prema- ture death of her greatest man, Major-General Hamilton 1 ... His most stupendous talents, which set him above rivalship, and his integrity, with which intrigue had not the hardihood to tamper, held him up as the nation's hope and as the terror of the unprin- cipled." — Rev. Dr. John M. Mason : Letter to a Friend in Scotland, Aug. 11. 1S04. And see his Eulogy on Hamilton before the Society of the Cincinnati, in New York. "Writing to a European correspondent who had taken some exceptions to porticos of this Oration in honour of Hamilton, Di-. Mason remarks as follows in defence of the high position which he had ascribed to the soldier-statesman of the Revolution : " ' It is very natural that readers on your side of the water should suspect the eulogism to be overcharged. So do some among our- selves; hxd not one loho k7iew him. I knew him well, and I assure you that what I have said is sober, literal truth. Such a human being I never saw, and probably never shall see in this world.' *' In another letter, soon after the calamity of Hamilton's death, he writes : " ' The greatest statesman in the Western World, perhaps the greatest man of the age, has been cut of! in the 48th year of his age by the nmrderous arm of A'ice-President Burr. The death of Major-General Alexander Hamilton has created a waste in the sphere of intellect and probity which a century will hardly fill up. He has left none like him : no second, no third, nobody to put us in mind of him. You can have no conception of such a man un- less you knew him.' "That the Eulogy of Hamilton as pronounced by Dr. Mason was not exaggerated in its admiring portraiture is the testimony of a judicial mind like that of John Marshall. In acknowledging the receipt of a copy of Dr. M.'s oration, that pure-minded jurist wrote as follows : " ' I lament sincerely the loss of the great man whose character you have drawn so well. While I truly deplore his fate, I may be permitted to indulge a hope that it may have some tendency to cast odium on a practice which deserves every censure you have bestowed upon it.'" Dr. Mason was engaged for a number of years in pre- paring materials for a life of Ilamilton, but never com- pleted his design. See Van Vechten's Life of Dr. Mason, N. York, 1856. The marvellous effects of the genius of Hamilton, when applied to the disordered finances of the young American republic, exhibit one of the most remarkable evidences of his pre-eminent abilities : " At the time when our government was organized we were without funds, though not without resources. To call them into action and establish order in the finances. Washington sought for splendid talents, for extensive information, and, above all, he sought for sterling, incorruptible integrity. All these he found in Hamilton." — Gouvernedr Morris: Funeral Oration by the dead body of Hamilton. " He smote the rock of the national resources, and abundant streams of revenue gushed forth. He touched the dead corpse of the Public Credit, and it sprung upon its feet. The litbled birth of Minerva from the brain of Jove was hardly more sudden or more perfect than the financial system of the United States as it burst forth from the conception of Alexander Hamilton." — Daniel Webster: Speech at a Public Dinner in New York, Feb. 1831. The vital energy thus infused into the financial system of the United States by Hamilton did not expire with the 773 HAM source fr»m which it drew its life. So far frnm this is the truth, that, to quote the language of Mr. Gallatin, Secre- taries of the Treasury have since enjoyeil a sinecure, the genius and labours of Hamilton having created and ar- ranged every thing that was necessary for the perfect and easy discharge of their duties. Indeed, the rapidity with which Hamilton planned, digested, and executed his de- signs, was one of his most striking peculiarities: ■■He was capable of intense and etfectual application, lis is abundantly proved by bis public labours. But be had a rapidity and rlearness of conception in which he may not have been e(juallea. One who knew his habits of study said of him, tliat when he had a serious object to accomplish his practice was to re- flect on it previouslv ; and, when he had gone throuBh this labour, he retired to sleep, without regard to the hour of night, and, hav- ini' slept six or seven hours, be rose, and, having taken strong coffee, seated himself at his table, where he would remain six, Beven, or eight hours; and the product of his rapid pen required little correction for the press.'— W11J.IAM Sullivan: Skelcli of Hamilton, from the Familiur Letters. ^ '■■Where, among all the speculative philosophers in political science whom the world has seen, shall we find a man of greater acuteness of intellect, or more capable of devising a scheme of go- vernment which should appear theoretically perfect? Yet Hamil- ton's unquestionable genius fjr pulitical disquisition and con- struction was directed and restrained by a noble generosity, and an unerring perception of the practicable and the expedient, which enabled him to serve mankind without attempting to force them to his own plans, and without compelling them into his own views."— Georoe 'flcKNOR CUKTIS : Hist, of the Amcr. Constit., 1861, Tol. i. 387, 358. "Among all the remarkable men of the Revolution, we know 01 no one who. for the attributes which usually mark genius, was more distinguished, lie was endowed with a singularly compre- hensive mind, which enabled him to originate forms of govern- ment and systems of administiation, whilst he united with it an intrepidity and an energy equal to the task of putting them in execution."— Charles Francis Adams: N. Amer. Rev., liii. 70: Re- view of the Madison I'apers. "In Hamilton's death the Federalists and the country expe- rienced a loss second only to that of Washington. Hamilton pos- sessed the same rare and lofty qualities, the same just balance of soul, with less, indeed, of Washington's severe simplicity and awe-inspiring presence, but with more of warmth, variety, orn,a- ment, and grace. If the Doric in architecture may be taken as the symbol of Washington's character, Hamilton's belonged to the same grand style as developed in the Corinthian,- if less impres- sive, more winning. If we .add Jay for the Ionic, we have a trio not to be matched, in fact not to be .approached, in our history, if indeed in any other. Of earth-born Titans, as terrible as great, — now angels, and now toads and serpents,- there are everywhere enough. Of the serene and benign sons of the celestial gods, how few at any time have walked the earth!"— Richard Hildreth: Hiit. of the U. States. ■' Next to Washington stands the n.ame of Hamilton on the roll of American fame and in its demands on the gratitude of his country. We, at least, have grown gray in that faith, and the events of every succeeding d.iy serve but to confirm our early and unchanged creed. The working of the political institutions of our country, whether for good or evil, has never ceased to indicate a prophetic mind in Hamilton."— Francis L. Hawks.D.D. : N. York Review, viii. 121 : Review of John C. Hamilton's Life of Alexander HamMon. Read this eloquent sketch of the public character of Hamilton. See also Amer. Qu.ar. Rev., xv. .311; Walsh's Ann. Rev., i. 201; ii. 1; Dem. Rev., xi. 142; Chris. Ex- am., xxix. 243; McCuIloch's Lit. of Polit. Boon. The conjunction thus presented of the names of Wash- ington and Hamilton affi'rds us an opportunity of quoting the glowing tribute of the latter to the merits of his illus- trious friend and compatriot : '* When the decease of the illustrious and beloved commander- in-chief in 1799 was offlci.ally announced to the army of the United States by General Hamilton, who of all his honoured aud trusted associates stood highest, I think, in the alfections aud confidence of the chief, it was truly said by him in his general orders, that ■ the voice of praise would in vain endeavour to exalt a name unrivalled iu the li^^ts of true glory.'" — Edward Everett: OratOm on }\ash- ington, ilelivend in mainj of the prinripal cities of the Union in 1856. But we have already far transcended the limits which we had .assigned for the extent of this article. Yet we feel unwilling to conclude without gratifying the reader by quoting for his benefit the following letter from Mr. George Tieknor, of Boston, the distinguished author of the History of Spanish Literature, to Mr. George Tieknor Curtis, the author of the History of the Constitution of the United States : '• While these sheets are passing through the press, Mr. Tieknor writes to me as follows: ■One d,ay in .lauuaiy, 1819, talking with Prince Talleyrand, in Paris, about his visit to America, he e.x. pressed the highest admiration of Mr. Hamilton, Mying, among other things, that he had known nearly all the marked men of his time, but that he had never known one, on the whole, equal to him. I was much surprised and gratified with the remark; but still, feeling that, as an American, I was in some sort a party concerned by patriotism in the compliment, I answered, with a little reserve, that the great milihtry commanders and the great statesmen of Europe had dealt with larger masses and wider in- terests than he had. '-Mais, monsieur," the Prince instantly replied, '■ Hamilton avait dcriie rEuropo."'" 771 HAM Hamilton, Alexander, M.D., Prof, of Midwifery in the Univ. of Edin., pub. several works on Midwifery, Fe- male Complaints, Ac, 1775-92. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. Hamilton, Andrew, Rector of Kilskerrie. Actions of -the Iniskilling Men, 1688, ic, Lon., 1690, 4to. Hamilton, AndrCAV. Taxation, 1790, '93, 4to. Hamilton, Count Anthony, d, at St. Germain's, 1720, aged 74, a native of Ireland, of an ancient Scotch family, followed both Charles II. and James I. into exile. He w.is distinguished as a wit, a man of fashion, and an author. He wrote — 1. Memoires du Compto de Grammont, 1713, 12mo. 2. LeBelier; Conte, 1749, 4to. 3. Les Quatres Facardins et Zeneide; Contes, 1749, 12mo. 4. Histoire de Fleur d'Epine ; Conte, 1749, 12mo. There have been several edits, of the Memoirs of Grammont, and of the collected works of the author. ■■ The best edition of Hamilton's Works (of course including these Memoirs) is by Renouard, in 1812, 4 vols. 8vo."— AMia's Lib. Camp., q. V. : and see also, for an account of edits., Lowndes s Bibi. Man., and Watt's Bibl. Brit. The edit, of the Memoirs of Grammont, in English, pub. in 1811, 2 vols. 8vo, with 64 portraits, and notes by Sir Walter Scott, is highly v.alued. The I^astern Tales of Grammont were intended to ridicule the passion which prevailed at the time for marvellous fictions : •■ It is possible that Count Anthony Hamilton may have written those tales which have made him famous before the end of the century, though they were published after. But these, with many admirable strokes of wit and invention, have too forced a tone in both these qualities; the labour is too evident, and, thrown away on such trifling, excites something like contempt ; they are written for an exclusive coterie, not for the world; and the world in all such cases will sooner or later take its revenge. Yet Hamilton s Tales are incomparably superior to what followed."— ifcHnm s Lit. Hist, of Europe. The Memoirs of Grammont are now much better known than the Tales. "The Memoirs of Grammont, hy Anthony Hamilton, scarcely challenge a place as historical, but we are now looking more at the style than the intrinsic importance of books. Every one is aware of the peculiar felicity and fascinating gaiety which they display. — Hallam: uhi supra. ,_, „ . ^ j a '■The artist to which we owe the most highly-finished and vividly-coloured picture of the English Court in the d.iys when the English Court was g.ayest."— T. B. Macaulat: Hist, of Eng- land, vol. iv., 1S56, " A classic work, the delight of every man and woman of taste. —Gibbon. Mr. Gibbon forgets to tell us what kind of taste he refers to : his own was not always unimpeachable. Dr. Dibdin^s comment upon this volume should not be omitted in this connexion : '■ One hardly knows wherefore, but the leaves of this book are turned over by hands and perused by eyes which are forbidden to be exercised on other books of comparatively less mischief It may indeed be called, in too many instances, a privileged volume of systematic profligacy." — Lib. Cump. A new ed. of the Memoirs was puh. in 1846, 12mo ; and a new ed. of tho Fairy Tales,in 1849, sq., (Bohn's Lib. ;) trans, from the French by M. Lewis, H. T. Ryde, and C. Kenny. " These tales appear to us cumbrous and entangled, their satire insipid, and their meaning rather unmeaning. Measured against Voltaire's philosophical stories, or Dean Swift's bitter caricatures, they are pigmies indeed ; and their popularity with him who loved toquotethem [Horace Walpolel is but another proof of the factitious value with which genius can invest that which is essentially me- liiocre — at once giving to trifles the importance and turning them to the use of treasures."— X»». Athenamm, 1849, p. 9C3: notice of the ed. of 1849. Hamilton, Anthony, D.D. Serm., 1787, 4to. Hamilton, Archibald. Theolog. treatises, Pans, 1577-81. Hamilton, Lord Archibald. Answer to articles against him (Lon., 1717, 8vo) as Gov. of Jamaica, Lon., 1718, 8vo. Hamilton, Archibald, M.D. Med. Con. to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1756. Hamilton, Lord Archibald, M.P. 1. Thoughts on the Administrations. Lon., 1804, 8vo. 2. Speech, 1819. Hamilton, Hon. Charles. Descrip. of a Clepsydra or Water Clock ; Phil. Trans., 1746. Hamilton, Charles, Captain E. I. Co., d. 1792. 1. The Patriot; a Trag., Lon., 1784, 8vo. 2. Hist, of the Rokilla Afghans, 1787, 8vo. 3. Trans, of the Hedaya, or Guide; a Comment, on tho Mussulman Laws, 1791, 4 vols. 4to. A valualjle work. Hamilton, Charles. Transactions during the Reign of Q. Anne from the Union to her death, Edin., 1790, Svo. Hamilton, David. 1. Christianity, Lon., 1697, Svo. 2. Kovelation. ITIU, 8vo. Hamilton, Sir l>avid. Military Fever; in Latin, Lon.. 1710, 8vo; in English, 1730, Svo. Hamilton, Elizabeth, 1758-1816, asister of Captain Charles Hamiltou, gained considerable reputation as an HAM aathoreps. The fnUowing nre her principnl works: 1. Let- ters of a Ilin.l.ju Rajah. L..n., 1T'J6, 2 v.. Is. Svo. 2. Me- moirs of Moilern Phih.sophcrs, Bath. 1800, 3 vols. Svo. 3. Letters on Education. Lon., 1801-02, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Life of Agripiiina. Bath. 1804. 3 vols. Svo. 5. Letters on the Moral and Religious Principle, 1800, 2 vols. Svo. 6. The Cottagers of Glenburnio, Eilin., 1808. Svo. "A pi-*turo of the rur.tl li;iVpits of Scotland, of striking and im- pressivf fidelity."— Sir Waiter .^cott. '• We have not met with anv thine nearly so good as this, since we read the Castle Itackrent and the Popular Tales of Jliss Edge- worth. This contains as ailmirable a picture of the Scottish pea- santry as those do of the Irish; and rivals them not only in the general truth of the delineations, and in the cheerfulness and practical good sense of the lessons they convey, hut in the nice discrimination of national character, and the skill with which a dr.amatic repre.sentation of humble life is saved from caricature and absurdity."— Lord Jeffrey: A't/m. Ha:, xii. 401-110. This tale has had a most beneficial influence upon domestic economy in Scotland. 7. Rules of the Annuity Fund, ISOS, 4to. 8. Exercises in Religious Knowledge. "lS09, 12mo. 9. Popular Essays, 1S13. 2 vols. Svo. 10. Hints to the Patrons and Directors of Schools, 1815, 12mo. II. The 4fith No. of The Lounger, 17S5. There have been new edits, of this lady's writ- ings. " Hizabeth Hamilton, like Madame D'Arblay, paints the passing events, the fleeting manners, and changing condition of soci.al life; but then her pictures are taken from the shepherd's hut and the husbandman's hovel, and, .amid much that is now past and gone, show not a little of a fixed and permanent nature." — Allan Cun- NINGHAM : lliori. awl Cril. Ilisl. ff the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. The Memoirs of Eliz.abeth Hamilton, with a Selection from her Correspondence and other unpublished writings, were pub. by Miss Benger in ISIS, 2 vols. Svo, and a bio- graphical account of her will be found in Mrs. Elwood's Literary Ladies of England. Hamilton, Miss Eliza Mary. Poems on several Occasions, Lon., IS38, 12mo. " Such poetry as this will always be read as the thithful record of the moment's in which it was conceived. It is tinged with the very hue of phantasy, and tells of feeling that never is felt but by the poet,"— Z>i(;i(.'Wi!i'. Mag., xii. 2.37. Hamilton, Emma. Novels, 1810-13. Hamilton, Franc. De Sanctorum Invocatione et Imaginibus, Wirceb.. 1596, 4to. Hamilton, Francis. See Bcch-^nan. Hamilton, Gavin, an eminent painter, who died in 1797, at Rome, where be had resided nearly the whole of his life, was a native of Lanark. ,Sehola Italica Pictura? : the Italian School of Painting: with 40 splendid plates, Lon., 1773. large fol. "Done in an elegant and masterly style." — TTait's Bihl Brit. See Chambers and Thomson's Eiog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1S55. vol. ii. ; and see also Blackwood's Mag., ii. 313; xxiii. 673; xxv. 711. Hamilton, Georse. A Voyiige round the World, hy Capt. Edwards, in 1780-82, Lon., 1793, Svo; Berwick, 1793, Svo. Hamilton, George. Epistle from the Marquis de la Fayette to General Washington, Edin., 1800, 12mo. Hamilton, George. Art of Drawing, 1812, Svo. Hamilton, George, Rector of Killermogh. 1. Intro- duc. to the Study of the Hebrew Scriptures, 4c., 1813, Svo; Dubl., 1S14, Svo. "Contains much important and original information in a very condensed and perspicuous state." — Onne^s Bihl. Bib. "Its general execution is hi;4hly creditable to the author's industry and judgment, and we cheerfully recommend it to that class of students for whose use it was chiefly designed." — Lon. Eclectic Benew, N. .?., i. 503. 2. Codex Critieus of the Hebrew Bible, 1821, Svo. "Will partially supply the place of Kennicott and De Rossi, as the most valuable of the various readings in these extensive works are given." — Orme's Bihl. Bib. '■ A desideratum in Sacred Literature which Mr. Hamilton's work is an able and successful attempt to supply." — Harness Bihl. Bib. And see Lon. Eclec. Review, N. S., xviii. 319. 3. On the R. Catholic English Bible. 4. Ditto, both Dubl., 1S26, Svo. See Home's Bibl. Bib. Hamilton, Hans, D.D. Two Sorms., Lon., 1818, Svo. Hamilton, Hngh, D.D., 1729-1805, an eminent mallieuKitician. a native of the county of Dublin ; Fellow of Trin. Coll., Dublin; Dean of Ardagh, 1768; Bishop of Clonfnrt, 1796; trans, to Ossory, 1799. He pub. some mathemat. and theolog. works, which were collected and pub. by his son Alexander, Lon., 1809, 2 vols. Svo. He contributed a paper on Mechanic Powers to Phil. Trans., 1763, and one on Alkaline Salts, Ac. to Trans. Irish Acad., 1792. See Life prefixed to his works. Hamilton, J. A. Inslruclb.ns for the Pianoforte, Lon. " This, among the many musical iutrudactions, is one of the HAM most useful. .Mtogether. we have rarely seen a treatise of tlie kind which we can more heartily approve.'' — L&Ji. Athen.^ Dec. 16, 1848. Other musical works, Hamilton, Col. J. P. Tr.avels through the Inte- rior Provinces of Colombia, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. cr. Svo. " His style is the familiar, easy chit-chat of an old aciiuaintance; the gossip nf a good-natured military man, who has si-en enough of battle and turmoil to despise .all meaner hardships."' — Loti. Month. Her. Hamilton, James, Duke of, 1606-1649, a zealous supporter of Charles II., was beheaded by order of Crom- well. He was the author of various Letters, Conferences, Advices, Answers, Ac. pub. in Burnet's Lives of the Dukes of Hamilton. He also wrote a Preface to a book on The Late Covenant, 1638, 4to. See Athen. Oxon.; Park's Wal- pole's R. and N. Authors. Hamilton, James, Earl of Abercorn, Lord Paisley. 1. Attractive Virtue of Loadstone, 1729, Svo. 2. A Trea- tise on Harmony, 1731, Svo. Hamilton, James, M.D. On Purgative Medicines in seveial Diseases, Edin., 1805, '06, '09, '11, Svo. Hamilton, James, Jr., M.D., Prof, of Midwifery, Edin., pub. Works on Midwifery, Ac, 1795-1809. Sea Watt's Bibl, Brit. Hamilton, James, "author of the Hamiltonian system," excited much attention in the learned ivorld by his publicati(Uis (Lon., 1S24, Ac.) of interlinear English translations of books in various languages. The authority of Ascham, Cardinal Wolsey, Erasmus, Milton, and Locke, are adduced in support of the excellence of the theory : "We do amiss to spend seven or eight years in scraping to- gether so much miserable Latin and Greek as may be learned otherwise easily and delightfully in ono year."— John Milton: LeIliT to Harllib. "When, by this way of interlining Latin and English one with another, he has got a moderate kniovledge of the Latin tongue, he mav then t» advanced a little fui thei . Nor let the objeition that he will then know it only by rote frighten any one. This, when well considered, is not of any moment against, but plainly for, this w.ay of learning a langu.ape. The languages are only to be learned by rote ; and lie that spe,aks them well has no other rule but that." — JouN Locke: Essay cm a System ef Classical Instruction. The Hamiltonian system is warmly defended, and wo think very ably, by the Rev. Sydney Smith, in the Edin. Rev., xliv. 47-69 ;"repub. in his Miscellanies. Wc quote the conclusion of this amusing and yet convincing essay: " In fine, we are strongly persuaded that, the time being given, this system will make better scholars ; and. the degree of scholar- ship being given, a much shorter time will be needed. If there is any truth in this, it will make Mr. Hamilton one of the most use- ful' men of his age ; for, if there is any thing which fills reflecting men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste of mortal time, parental money, and puerile happiness, in the present method of pursuing Latin and Greek." See Levi Hart's Advertisement to Hart and Osborn's Virgil, with an Interlinear Translation, Baltimore, March 10, 1833; Ainer. Jour, of Education. Dee. 1S26 ; West- minster Rev., X. 284 ; N. York Eclcc. Mag., vi. 229 ; .also Lon. Quar. Rev. For a list of the works pub. on this sys- tem see the London Catalogue of Books. Hamilton, James, D.D., minister of the English Presbyteriiin Church. Regent Square, London, 1). in 1814, at Strathblane, Stirlingshire, is an eloquent preacher and popular writer. 1. The H;irp on the Willows, Lon., 1843, 12mo. 2. Church in the House, and other Tracts, 1S46, ISmo. 3. Life in Earnest : Letts, on Christian Ac- tivity, sixty-fifth thousand, 1S52, ISmo. 4. Mount of Olives, Ac, sixty-fifth thousand, 1853, ISmo. 5. The Lamp .and the L.antern, 1853, ISmo. 6. Lives of Bunyan, Henry, and Hall, 1853. 7. The Royal Preacher: Lects. on Eccles. New ed., 1854, lOnio. 8. The Happy Home. New ed., 1855, ISmo. 9. Emblems from Eden. 1S55, ISmo. Let those who seek to animate thousands to zealous efforts for the promotion of truth distribute on every side Hamilton's Life in Earnest. See the Life of Amos Law- rence, by his son. Best, 1S55, Svo. Hamilton, James. Life of Paul Jones, Phila., 18mo. Hamilton, James Archibald, D.D. Astronom., Ac. contrib. t.. Trans. Irish Acad.. 1786-1807. Hamilton, James Edward. Polit. and theolog. publications. Lon.. 1790-92. Hamilton, John, Arcbbishopof St. Andrew's. hanged in the town of Stirling, 1570, by his political enemies, put forth a Catechisme, (Sanct Androus, 1552. 4to.) which waa the last Popish Confession of Faith pub. by authority in Scotland prior to the Reformation. This work is now very rare, and a copy was sold at the White Knight's sale (920) for £35 14«. " No divine at this day need be ashamed of such a work. It i? a judicious Commentary upon the tb»i»u/7j Literarire, 1841, Svo. 3. Serms. : 1st ser., 1837, Svo: 2d ser., 1845, Svo; 1850, Svo. 4. Popular Education, 2d ed., 1846, sm. Svo. 5. Missions, 2d ed., 1846, sm. Svo. 6. Rewards and Punishments, new ed., 1S47, Svo. 7. Horce et Vindiciai SabbatiCtX, 184S, 12mo. See a Memoir of Dr. Hamilton, by W. H. Stowell, 1850, Svo. "The s.Tmons of this gifted minister are eloquent, devout, and evangelical. . . . His Essay on Missions is also highly honourable to his talents and piety." — Williams's C. P. "There was a rich and racy orij^'inality about him. — a bold in- dependence of thiukiu;;. and an irregular gorgeousness of .style. He was the llazHtt of the pulpit." — Gil-Mian's Literary Portraits, \st Qallenj. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xi. 91, 271, 455. Hamilton, Robert. Dissertatio do rerarii publici necessitate, ae plene Principium vecttgalia imponendi jure, Lugd. Bat., 1671. 4to. Hamilton, Robert, M.D.. 1721-1793. a native of Edinburgh, practised at Lynn, in Nurfolk. Profess, publi- cations, 1782-180)). See Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Life of Dr. H., prefixed to his Remarks on the Leprosy, Lon., ISOl, Svo. Hamilton, Robert, LL.D., 1742-1S29, Rector of the Academy of Perth, 1709; Prof, in Marischal Coll., Aber.leen, 1779-1829,— namclv, first, of Oriental Lan- guages; secondly, of Nat. Philos., 1782-1S17; thirdly, of Mathemat., 1817-29. 1. Introduc. to Merchandise, Edin., 1777-79, 2 vols. Svo. Several eds. "Of very considerable merit.'' — McCaWich's Lit. of PiUit. Econ. 2. Arithmetic and Book-Keeping, Lon.. 1788, 12mo. 776 3. National Debt of G. Brit., Ac, 1813, Svo; Edin., 1814, 'IS, Svo. The 3d ed. is the best. "This iDiportant work, which, .as we have already seen, opened the eyes of the public to the delusive nature of the sinking fund." — McCulloclCs Lit. of Polit, Econ., q. v. ; and see Gale, S., iu this Uictionary. 4. The Progress of Society, 1830, Svo. " We cordially recommend the volume itself to tho.se who are, as well as to those who are not, ac(iu;iinted with the valuable science of which it treats, a science which is now justly looked upon as an essential branch of liberal education." — Lon. Month. Rev., Dec. 1830. *' Embraces a wide range of interesting topics; hut it is feebly written, and might without injury to bis feme or Xn the public interests have been allowed to continue in manuscript." — McCal- loch'a Lit. of Polit. B-on. Hamilton, Robert. Decisions of the Ct, of Ses- sion, Nov. 1769-Jan. 1772. Edin., 1803, fol. Hamilton, Schuyler. Hist, of the National Flag of the U. States, Phila.. 1853, cr. Svo. Hamilton, Smith, Engravings of the Ancient Costume of Eng.. 9th to lOth cent., 1812. Hamilton, Terrick, Trans, from the Arabic of Antar, a Bedoueen Romance, Lon., 1819-20,4 vols. cr. Svo. " A faithful and elaborate version." — Lon. Month. Rev., xciv. 277-*292. q. V. " The curious romance of Antar. the most vivid and authentic picture of Arabian manners, was written under the early Abas- side Caliphs."— MiLMAN. It is from this tale that story-tellers in the coffee-houses of Constantinople take their amusing fictions, Hamilton, Thomas, Earl of Melros. State Papers and Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1837, 2 vols. 4to. Pub. by the Abbotsford Club. Hamilton, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1787. Hamilton, Thomas, Captain 2yth Regt., R. A., d. 1S42, aged 53, after serving through the Peninsular and American campaigns, devoted his time to literary pursuits, and contributed largely to Blackwood's Magazine. 1. An- nals of the Peninsular Campaign, new ed, by Fred. Hard- man, Lon., 1849, Svo, "A work of preat and peculiar merit, and cannot fail to be popular, even after the many other histories, completed or in pro- gress, of the Peninsular War." — Blackwood's Mag., xsvii. 5U8-538. "Of the c-hief writers (on this subject) Captain Hamilton's w^ork comes neitrest to historical calmness and impartiality. . . . The value of Captain Hamilton's work is very greatly increased, in the present edition, bv the latwurs of .Mr. Uardman." — Scotsman. 2. The Youth and Manhood of Cyril Thornton, 1827. An admirable work. " Thouj^h of no great value as a novel, it exhibits a good deal of literary ability.*' — A. H. Everett: N. Amer. Rev., xxxviii. 211; and see South. Rev., viii. 4.3. '• There is no novel-writer in our day, after the great Father of Romance, who has succeeded in transferring to his paijes equally vivid pictures of the most animating events of life; the enthu- siasm of youthful passion, tbe decision of military exploit, the ardour of devoted nSection."—B/ar/,-i(iood's Mag., xxxiv. 2S8. 3. Men and Manners in America, 1833, 2 vols. cr. Svoj Bost., 1S34, 2 vols. 12mo. New ed.. with Letters written by the author during his Journey through the U. States, Lon., 1843, sm. Svo. "We cannot but congratulate our countryman on the appear- ance of his valuable work at the present crisis, when all the ancient institutions of our country are successively melting away under the powerful solvent of democratic fervour. . . . He neither views America with the jaundiced eye of a bigoted Tory, uor the frantic partiality of an enthusiastic Democrat. He appreciates things as they really are — nothing extenuating, setting down nought in malice."— /J/acA: wood's Mag. : Anurica. jVo. 1, xxsiv. 285-308. See also America, No. 2, 54S-568; and vol. xxxv. 342. '•The more Captain Hamilton's book is studied, the stronger will be the reader's conviction of its merits as a clear and impar- tial description of the American people." — Dubl. I'niv. Mag., ii. 444-455; 558-569. " Though many excellent volumes have since been published, not one has superseded it as a standard and safe authority. Other trav.-lt.rs linvr i-nnlirnied Us accui-acy, without adding much to its in formal inn, "—/>'-i/('«nm. '• It is undoubtHdly as we have said, in point of literary execu- tion, one of the best that have yet appeared upon (he United States. The style is not deficient in strength or spirit, and evinces at times a remarkable power of description, as in the passages on the Fallsof Niagara and the river Mississippi. On the other hand, it is far from bi-ing uniformly so pure and correct as might be wished,— is often unpardonably coarse, and is pervaded through- out by an affected pertness and a silly air of pretension, whi. h are offensive from the beginning, and finally become by repetitinn completely nauseous. . . . That a spirit of unjust depreciation is the one that predominates in his work, is — as we shall have occa- sion abundantly to show — very certain."— A. H. Everett: JV. Amer. /i?^'.. xxxviii. 210-270. See also Chris. E.\am., (by Samuel Eliot) xv. 219: Araer. Quar. Kev.. xiv. 520 ; Selee. Jour, of For. Lit., iii. SI ; Mu- seum of For. Lit., xxiii. 468, 563, 564j xxiv. 81 ; Eraser's Mag., ix. 42. Hamilton, W. J. Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus, and Armenia, &c., Lon., 1842, 2 vols. Svo. HAM HAM "Mr. IlATTiiUon's archa?('lo'iical rcsenrrlH":. :in 1 Iii^' narrative in general, have our warnit-st commendatiuiie."' — Lmi. AthvntLam. After reading Mr. Hamilton's Researches, the reader must take up the wurks of Sm Charlks Fkllows, {ante.) Hamilton, W. T., D.D. The Pentateuch and its Assailants; or, a Refutation of the Objections of Modern Sceptieism to the Pentateuch, Lon., 1852, 8vo. *• We aie not aware of any objections whioh have been raised asainst the I'lMitateuch as a whole, or any part of it, whi(^h are not here very satisfactoiily met and refuteil." — Lon. Kvangd. Mar/. Hamilton, Walter. 1. The East India Gazetteer, Lon.. 1814. Svo ; 1828, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1855, 2 volg. 8vo. '• The writer has amassed and dij^L-stod. with siiij^ular industry, A vast treasure of information, dispersed thruugh an infinite va- riety of worksy—Edin. Rev., sxv. 22U-220. 2. A Geograph., Statist., and Hist. Description of Hin- dostan and the adjacent Countries, 1820, 2 vols. 4to. "An ineslimal'le work, containing a more full, detailed, and faithful picture of India, than any former work on the subject." — Lon. Quar. Rev. "Who that has relatives in India (' Alas. I feel X am no actor here!') can rest satisfied without the possession, not only of his Gazetteer, but of his Geographical Description of Ilindostan?" — Dibdin's Lib. Comp. " Mr. Hamilton's works, especially the last, [on IMndostan.] are compiled with great rnve and judgment, and are, indeed, of the highest authority/'— JA-'^'"'^ic/i"s Lit. of Pol it. E'-nn. Hamilton, William. Reply to L>r. Pearson rel. to the Ch. of En,i,dand. L-.ti.. IGfiO, fol. Hamilton, William. Oonntry and Uiver of the Ama/.'Mics ; Iroiu ihc I'^rcuch, Lsophy and Literature, Education and University Reform, chiefly from the Edinburgh Review ; Corrected, Vindicated, Enlarged in Notes and Appendices, 2d ed., 1853, Svo. Repub., N. York, 1855, Svo, with an Introductory Essay on tho history of philosophical specu- lation, by Robert Turnbull, D.D. His principal essays have been trans, into French by AV. Peisse, and into Italian by S. Lo Gatto, Sir William pub. in 1840, Lon. and Edin., 8vn, pp. 914, the works of Thos. Reid, D.D., now fully collected, with Selections from his Unpublished Letters, Prefaces, Notes, and Sup- plementary Dissertations, 3d ed., 1852. He is now en- gaged in the preparation of the works of Dugald Stewart; Vol. VIIL was pub. in April, and Vol. IX. in May, 1856. (Sir William did not live to complete Iiis editorial labours : see conclusion of this article, and see also Lou. Athenreum, May 10, 1866, and Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1850.) A vol. entitled The Philosophy of Sir William Hamilton, arranged and edited by 0. W. Wight, was pub. in N. York in 1853, Svo; 3d ed., 1855. This vol. is compiled from the Supp. Disserts, on Reid, some of the foot-notes to Reid, and a portion of the Philos. Discussions. Dr. James Walker, President of Harvard College, has pub. Raid's Essays on the Intellectual Powers; abridged, with Notes and Illus- trations from Sir Wm. Ilamiltim and others, Bost., 12mo. It is a matter of regret that the limited space to which we are necessarily confined precludes us from quoting largely from the enthusiastic commendations before us of the dis- tinguished abilities and profound erudition of this eminent philosopher. In an interesting paper by De Quincey, giving an account of his recollections of Sir William's early reputation for general knowledge, he remarks : "The immensity of 8ir William's attainments was best laid open I'V rniisuUing him (or by hearinf; hira consulted) upon in- tellertu:il dilti. iilties, or upon schemes literary and philosophical Suoh aii]pli<;itii'iis, come from what points of the conijiass they would, liiund him always prepared. Nor did it seem to make any difference whether it were the erudition of words or things that was needed." — Essays on Philo&i>phical and other Men of Letters, i. 35. Host., 1S54. " We regard Sir Wm. ITaniilton as the prof^tunilest analyst who has appeared simi' Aristntlc; ;iim1 bis eroditinn, both in its extent and in itsexartmss, i- jiei tV-rlly provokhit^. "— i ), \V. WiouT: Tram, of Cousin's Hist, of Mod. Fhilos., ii. 3^6, N. York, Iboi. 777 HAM " Sir Wm., though metaphysically the most formidable man in Europe, is an huml.k- Christian ; though the most learned of men, he is ready to how before the spiiit that informed the mind of Paul."— O. W. WliiiiT: IntrodiK. to his edit, of the Philosoiihi/ of Sir Waiiam Hamilton, p. 13, 1856. J -> ^ "It would be difficult to name any contributions to a review which display such a despotic command of all the resources of logic and metaphysics as his articles in the Kdiaburgh Review on Cousin, Dr. Brown, and Bishop Whattlv. Apart fn.m thcii' scieu- tiflc value, they should be read as specimens of intellectual power. They evince more intense strength of understanding than any other writings of the age; and in the blended merits of their logic, rhetoric, and learning, they may challenge comparison with the best works of any British metaphysician. He seems to have read every writer, ancient and mnderu, on logic and metaphysics, and is conversant with every philosophical theory, from the lowest form of materialism to the most abstract development of idealism ; and yet his learning is not so remarkable as the thorough manner in which he has digested it and the perfect command he has of all its stores. Every thing that he comprehends, no matter how ab- struse, he comprehends with the utmost clearness and employs with consummate skill. He is altogether the best-trained reasoner on abstract subjects of his time." — E. P. Whipple: J<:ssays and Jfc- views. ii. 117-122. Jlost., ISol ; and in iV. Amer. liev., Ixi. 485-4S9. " Sir William Hamilton has attained to the very highest dis- tinction as a philosopher, and in some respects lie is decidedly superior to any of his illustrious predecessors, — Keid, Stuart, or Brown. With a remarkable power of analysis and discrimination he combines great d.-iision and elegance of style. ,ind a degree of erudition that is aljiiust without a fiToWeV'—Eilinhurgh Heview, " \\ e know not any ■->tbcr writer who has proved in how great a degree books may stimulate the intellect into independent action, nor any recent philosopher who has interpreted the theories of the past and the present less biassed by an exaggerated opinion of the e.xclusive importance of history, or by preconceptions of the his- toric course of speculation in its manifold phases in each succes- sive age."— iV". Brit. Eec, xviii. 101-213. '•The slightest perusal of Sir William's philosophical writings will be sufficient to convince the reader that he is in intercourse with a mind of the most extraordinary comprehension and acute- ness. He combines in a degree unequalled since the time of Aris- totle (of whom, indeed, he is a devout, though not a blind and undiscriminating, worshipper) the power of analysis and generali- zation. . . . The degrees in which these two counter-powers of analysis and generalization exist in any mind, together with their relative propoi-tion, determines a man's philosophical character " — Brit. Qiiar. Rev., xvi. 4"9-oll. The remarkablo erudition which has rendered the name of Sir William Hamilton so famous is brought into good service when engaged in the illustration and vindication of his philosophical tenets: "In the first of the citations with which some of his essays are overgrown, it would be difficult to point out one which is either inappropriate or superfluous, except that, the point being already established.it might be regarded as a needless accumulation of evidence." — N. Ama-. JUn:, Ixxvi. 55-103. An authority entitled to be heard with respect does not hesitate to give the following verdict respecting Sir William's Dissertations, contained in bis edit, of Reid's writings : " On the whole, we cannot but regard these dissertations as the most valuable contribution to the progress of a true philo.sophy, in our country, within the present century."— jtfM-cZCs Hist, of Mod. r/iilos. See also Wm. Archer Butler's Lects. on the Hist, of An- cient Philos., editor's notes, ii. 79, 97 : 18,56 ; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ii. .398, 478, 4th cd., 1854; N. Brit. Rev., X. 78 ; Princeton Rev., (article by Samuel Tyler, of Frede- rick, Md.,) Oct. 1855. The author of the article in the British Quarterly Review from which we have given some quotations, refers to the great respect entertained on the Continent of Europe for the philosophical character of the subject of this notice, and cites in evidence the following passages : "II n'est pas peut-etre en Europe un homme qui poss^de une connaissance aussi complete et anssi minutieuse, une intelligence aussi profonde des livres, des systimes et des philosophes d'Alle- magne L'erudition de M. Hamilton n'est pas cette erudition morte qui s'occupe plus des livres que des idSes, et qui etouffe I'esprit pbilosophe an lieude lenourrir ; c'est une erudition active, qui lai.^se k la peos^e tonte son independance; elle n'est pas k elle-nieme sa propre fin, mais seulement un instrument pour la recheruhe de la verite. Quoique infiniment vari6e, car elle em- brassB presque tout le champ des sciences morales et rationelles et de la littC'rature gCnerale, elle est en meme temps complete et pro- fonde, principalenient en philosophie aucienne et moderne et en mati^re d'iustructinn pol.litiue. Pen d'hommes en Europe sont aus.si lamiliers.HVir la pbilusuphie, eten particulieravec Aristotle." — M. I'eisse: Pref. Ijj Fiaymcns de Philosophie par Sir Wm. Uamil- ton; pp. Ixsxi., Ixxxiii. " Le plus grand critique de notre siicle."— M. ConsiN : Fragmens Philosoptiiques. " Le grand maitre du Peripatetisme." — M. Brandis. When engaged in the preparation of the above article, but a few d.ays since, we little thought that the illustrious philosopher to whom it is devoted would havo ceased from his labours ere our tribute saw the light. It is, however, "so written :" Sir William Hamilton died of congestion of the hrain, after ten days' illness, on the lith day of Way, 1856, at his residence. Great King Street, Edinburgh. We HAM I are glad to learn that his lectures on logic and metaphysics are in a state of preparation for the press. They are an- nounced for 1859, Edin. and Boston, to be edited by Prof. Mansel and Mr. Veitcb. The death of this eminent scholar ai^d profound philosopher painfully reminds us of the large number of those recorded in its pages who have exchanged time for eternity since we commenced this voluminous re- cord of those who have sought to instruct or amuse their fellow-])ilgrims in a world of trial and of temptation, of folly and of wisdom, of sorrow .and of joy. As summer and winter, seed-time and harvest, have still found us, year after year, engaged upon the present work, we have at times thought it not improbable that we also might be added to the long list, already chronicled, of those who left unfinished monuments of good intentions; whose devices were arrested by the " inexorable hour," and whose, "purposes" — to use the affecting language of the patriarch. — "were broken off" in the midst. Hamilton, William. Report of the Trial of Judges Shijipen, Yeatcs. and Smith, in 1805, Lancaster, 8vo. Hamilton, William, D.D. 1. Second Advent of Christ, Lon.. 1S2S, 12mo. Commended by Lowndes. 2. The Mourner in Zion Comforted, 12mo. " Many cases of a distressed conscience .ably met." — Bickerstetu. Other works. Hamilton, William Gerard, M.P., 1729-1796, a native of London, who held several important poli- tical posts, made in the House of Commons. Nov. 13, 1755. that splendid display of elo(|Ucnee which has given him the name of Single-Speech H.imilton. But. indeed, he made a second great speech in the mouth of Febru- ary. Hamilton was one of the many to whom without a shadow of probability the Letters of Junius were attri- buted. He was educated at Oxford, and when young wrote some poetry, which he printed — but never published— in a quarto volume, 1757, 4to. These were subsequently pub. by Mr. Malone. After his death there appeared, pub. from his MSS., Parliamentary Logick : to which are subjoined Two Speeches delivered in the H. of C. of Ireland, and other Pieces, Ac, Lon., 1S08, Svo. This collection con- tains an Essay on the Corn liaws, by Ur. Saml. Johnson, never before printed. A review of this vol. bv Lord Jeffrey will be found in the Edin. Rev., xv. 1 63-175. " The reviewer considers it rather remarkable that a " short practical trea- tise in parliamentary oratory, by a man who was long popu- larly supposed to have rivalled the eloquence of Chatham, and to have guided the pen of Junius," should have made such a •• feeble impression on the public." Our surprise, however, will be somewhat diminished when we observe the character which he gives of this production : "In addition to the other causes of repulsion to which we have alluded, the style of the work, we ought to observe, is extremely atlected and peculiar. Sometimes the author mimics the pregnant brevity of Bacon, but without his force or felicity. At other times he emulates the obscurity and harsh technical brevity of Aristotle, but without his science or accuracy. (Jn one occasion, he affects to give general and sweeping maxims: at another, he enters into the most minute details and suggestions. Now and then he is cunniug and sagacious; and very frequently quite frivolous or stupid." Dr. Francis Liebcr, referring to this work in his treatise on Civil Liberty and Sclf-Governmcnt, remarks, " The copy which I own belonged to Dr. Thomas Cooper. That distinguished man has written the following remark on the fly- leaf: ' This book contains the theory of deception in paiHamcntarv debate; how to get the better of yo'ur opponent, and how to make the worse appear the better reason. It is the well-written worlc of a hackney and politician. . . . The counterpart to it is the ad- mirable tract of Mr. Jeremy Bentham on Parliamentary Logic, (he book of Fallacies. No politician ought to be ignorant' of the one book or the other. They are well worth (not perusing, but) study- ing.'— T. C.-— Vol. ii., p. 208. Dr. Johnson had a great esteem for Hamilton, and, says Boswell, paid his conversation this high compliment: "I am very unwilling to be left alone, sir, and therefore I go with my company down the first pair of stairs, in some hopes that they may, perhaps, return again; I go with you, sir, as fai- as the street-door." — Life of Johnson. Hamilton, Sir William Rowau, b. Aug. 4, 1805, at Dublin, and educated at the University of that city, was appointed Andrews Professor of Astronomy to the Univer- sity of Dublin, and Astronomer Royal for Ireland, in 1S27, and President of the Royal Irish Academy in 1837. Lec- tures on Qnaternious. in 1843, to the Royal Irish AcMemy, Dubl., 1853, Svo. This eminent scholar has also pub. va- luable papers in Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., Phil. Trans., Lon- don, Trans. Brit. Soc. I'ortheAdvancementof Science, Lon., Edin., and Dublin Philos. Mag., and Dublin Univ. Rev. See a biog. sketch of Sir William — Our Portrait-Gallery, No. XXVI. — in Dublin Univ. Mag., Jan. 1842, 94-110. HAM Hamloy, Edward. r.>oms, Lon., 179G, 8vo. Ilamley, Major Edward Brute, R.A. 1. Lady Lee's Widowhood, Lon., lS5i, 2 vols. p. Svo. Originally pub. in Blackwood's Magazine. " Captjuu Ilamley writes with admirable ease and graphic viva- city. Ilis humour is manly and refined; his fancy is fertile in comic tracery ; and the mere rhetoric of his composition is spirited and graceful." — Lrni. Press. "We have no hesitation in pronouncing Lady Lee's Widowhood the most promising debut that has been made in tiction since Bulwer surprised the world with Pelham." — Lon. Critic. "It is withal a bright, healthy book, with a dash of hearty humour in it." — Lon. Athcn(eum. 2. The Story of the Campaign. A complete Narrative of the War in Southern Russia, written in a Tent in the Crimea, 1855, p. Svo. Originally pub. in Blackwood's Mag. A valuable work. 3. The Position on the Alma, skelebcd the Day after the Battle, 1855, oblong. Hammer, Joseph. Ancient Alphabets, &c., Lon., 1806, sm. 4to. See M. Silvestre de Saey's comments in Magas. Encyel., Nov. 1810: pp. 145-174, Hammett, Samuel A., b. 1816, at Jewett City,Conn., a resident of N. York since 1848. 1. A Stray Yankee in Texas, by Philip Paxton, N. York, 1853, 12mo. 2. The Wonderful Adventures of Captain Priest, by Philip Pax- ton, 1855. Hammnn, George. Serms., &c., Lon., 1658, '90, '93. Ilammon, .lohn. The Hist, of the Valorous Squire Alector, Lon., 1580. 4to. Hammon, VVm. Answer to Dr. Priestley on the Ex- istence of a (lod, Lon., 1833, Svo. Hammond, Anthony, M.P., 166S-173S, a commis- sioner of the Navy, and an associate of the men of letters of the day, edited in 1720 a New Miscellany of Original Poems, some of which were his own composition. He also wrote a work on Publick Credit. 1721, Svo: Hints for Think- ing, 1721, Svo; and ,an Account of the Life and Writings of Walter Moylo, prefixed to the works of tho latter, pub. 1727, Svo. Hammond, Anthony. 1. Law of Nisi Prius, Lon., 1816, Svo ; Exeter, N. H., 1823, Svo. 2. Parties to Ac- tions, Ac, Lon., 1817, '27, Svo; Exeter, N. II., 1822, Svo. 3. Principles of Pleading, Lon., 1819, Svo. 4. Reports in Equity, 1821, 2 vols. Svo; N. York, 1822, Svo. 5. Crimi- nal Code Forgery, Ac, 1823, Svo. 6. Practice and Pro- ceed, in Pari., Ac., 1825, Svo. 7. Index to Term Reports, Ac, 1S27, 2 vols. Svo. 8. Crimin.al Code: Simple Larceny, Ac, 1828-29, 2 vols. fol. Hammond, Capt. Charles. The Old English Officer, Lon., 1679, Svo. Hammond, Charles. Rep. of Cases in Supreme Ct. of Ohio, 1821-39, Cin., 183.3-40, 9 vols. Svo. Hammond, Charles D., b. 1818, at Boston, Mass. Medical Information for the Million, N. York. 1851, 12mo. Mr. H. is the author of many articles on Jledical Reform. Hammond, Elisha. 1. Law of Fire Insurance, Ac, N. York, 1840, Svo. 2. Principal and Agent, 1836, Svo. See 2 Kent's Com., 646, n. 3. Justice of the Peace, Brook- field, 1841, Svo. 4. Supp. to Petersdorft"s Cases, N. Y'ork, 1835, 2 vols. Svo. See 14 Amer. Jur., 231. Hammond, or Hamond, George. Theolog. treatises, 1694, 1701, '02. Hammond, Henry, D.D., 1605-1660, a native of Chertsey, Surrey, after preparatory studies at Eton, was sent to Magdalen Coll., Oxford, and was elected Fellow in 1625: Rector of Penshurst, Kent, 1633; Archdeacon of Chichester, 1643 ; Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1645, and Sub-dean, 1648. Being warmly attached to the royal cause, he was ejected by the Parliamentary Visitors. At the Restoration Charles II. intended to nominate him to the bishopric of Worcester, but he died whilst preparing for his journey to London. Charles I. declared that Ham- mond was the most natural orator he ever heard. His works — among which are a number in defence of the Church of England against Romanists and other Dis- senters — were collected and pub. by his amanuensis, Wm. Fulman, in 4 vols, fol., 1674-84 ; a collection of his Letters (nineteen in number) was pub. by Mr. Peek, 1739, Svo; his Life, by Bishop Fell, 1661, 12ino; reprinted in 1806, and in 1S49 ; — also in Wordsworth's Eecles. Biog., iv. 313; — and a new ed. of his Miscellaneous Theological Works was pub. in the Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf., 1847-51 ; 3 vols, in 4, Svo. New ed. of his Para?nesis ; or, Seasonalde Exhortatory, edited by Manning, 1841, Svo. The following are his best-known productions. 1. A Practical Catechism, Lon., 1644, '48, 4to. A vindication of the same, 1648, 4to ; 1700, Svo ; 16th ed., in the new ed. of his Miscellaneous Works, 1847, vol. i. HAM " TTammond's Catechism is aTi exctllent explanation of the du- ties i>f our religion." — Ijr. Wotton. "A book of great use: but not to be begun ■with as too many do. It does require a good d^al of previous study before the force of his reasonings is apprebeiidi.'ii; liut when one is ready for it, it is a rare book, and states (bf ici*>"iids of morality and of our duty upon true principles." — Bisiio? Uurnet. And see Walchii EibL Theolog. Selecta. 2. Serms., 1644, fol. See vol. iv. (1684) of his collected works, and vol. Ui. (1S47) of the new ed. of his Jliscel- laneous AVorks. 3. Parnphrases of the Old and Annota- tions upon the New Testament, 1663, '56, Svo ; 1659, 71, '75, '79, '81, 1702, fol. The last is the best of the old eds. New ed., 1845, 4 vols. Svo. The Annotations form vol. iii. (1675) of bis collected works. In 1698 (Amster., fol.) Le Clerc trans, it into Latin, with animadversions. Also pub. Franckf., 1714, 2 vols. fol. These were trans, into Eng- lish, and pub. as a Supp. in 1609, 4to. A Defence of Ilam- moud against Le Clerc appeared in 1699, to which Le Clerc replied. Both of these books should be added to tho Annotations. Dr. Doddridge preferred Le Clerc's edit, of Hammond in Latin to the original. AVe give some opinions of the Annotations; '• Hammond was a man of very considerable learning and piety, alloyed with a portion of superstition. He often succeeds in illustrating the force and meaning of the Greek words and phrases of the New Testament. His stock of cLaspical and rabbinical in- Inrmatiou was very respectable, and furnished him with some valuable illustrations. He was a moderate Arminiau in doctrinal sentiment; a great stickler for the divine origin of episcopacy ; and held some peculiar notions about the Gnostics, to whom he supposes there are many more allusions in the New Testament than any one else is likely to find."— 0*-»!e's Bibl. Bib. One of the most excellent of Biblical critics complains that Hammond ''Finds the Gnostics everywhere, which is his principal fault: many of Le Clerc's animadversions upon these places are very good; .and his edition of his book in Latin I think much preferable to the original.'" — Dr. Doddridge. Orme remarks that Le Clerc's Supplement, 1699, 4to, " Ts necessary to complete ILimmond, and contains many things worth reading," Mr. Bickersteth gives us his opinion of both : '•Valuable for ciiti.ism. but deficient in evangelical views. Le Clerc wrote many additions with Socinian tendencies."— CVtnV tun Student. " Le Clerc has observed, that Hammond in his Annotations on the New Testament borrowed largely from Grotius and Episco- pius. and Tillotson has been called a disciple of the latter.'" — Bishop Watson. A late eminent modern authority remarks that Ham- mond's work is '' In great and growing reputation. There are many good criti- cisms, but many that are much mistaken."— fioj-He's Bibl. Bib. Girdleston says that he "Gives us the result of laborious study." "Hammond excels in learned criticism to be read * cum grano salis.' " — Dr. E. Williams. '•I would recommend Lowth and Patrick on the Old Testament, and Hammond on the New."— Dr. Samuel Johnson. '• He [Dr. Ji-hnson] was extremely fond of Dr. Hammond's works, and sometimes gave them as a present to young men going into orders. He also bought them for the library at Streatham." — BoswelVs Johnson, MS- note hy J. O. C. ''The Paraphrase and Annotations of Hammond on the New Testament give a different colour to the Epistles of St. Paul from that which they display in the hands of Beza and the other theo- logians of the sixteenth century."— -WiiWam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 4. Paraphrase and Annotations upon the Book of Psalms, 1659, '83, fol. This work is in vol. iv. (1684) of his col- lected works. New ed. by Branckcr, 1850, 2 vols. Svo. " The uutes are most learned, and embrace many things which are omitted by others, on which account Hammond is to be reckoned among the best interpreters of the Psalms." — Wahh. " I think his plan of inteipretation is the right one: he endea- vours first to give the literal sense, and thence deduces the mys- tical." — Bisnop Lowth. "The substance of the remarks on the New Testament is ap- plicable to the Annotations on tiie Psalms. There is a great deal of very dry criticism, which does not interest the reader much in the subject of these sacred compositions. Hence this work is less known and respected than the former." — Ormc's BUd. Bib. '•'Dr. IL-inimond's notes are exceedingly valuable, and contain many learned observations that bad cstaiud preceding commen- tators on the Book of Psalms."— Mt/j.'s Bibl. Bib. " Of use chiefly for its critical hints."— Williams a C. P. *' A valuable critical exposition." — Bicker steth's C. S. 5. A Pacific Discourse of God's Grace and Decrees, 1660, Svo. " Written in a good spirit on the Arminian side, endeavourinj; to shew that Bishop Sanderson accorded with him." — Bickersteth's a S. 6. Paraphrases and Annotations upon the X. first Chap- ters of the Proverbs, 1683, fol. This forms vol. iv. (1684) of his collected works. "Great were his natural aldlities, greater his acquired, and in the whole circle of arts he was most accurate. He was eloquent iu the tongues, exact in antieut and modern writers, was well 779 HAM HAM versM in philosopby, and better in philology, most learn'd in Fchool divinity, and a greiit master in church antiquity, made up of fathers, councils, ecclesiastical historians, and liturt'ies^ as may i be at larfre seen in his most elaborate works." — Allien. Oxmi. I '■ Ilis death was an unspeakable loss to the church; fur, as he | was a man of great learning, and of most eminent merit, he having been thu person thatduring the bad times bad maintained the cause of the church in a very singular manner, so he was a Tery moderate man in his temper, thouii;h with a bijrh principle, ' and would probably have fallen into healing counsels. He was i also much set on reforming abuses, and for raising the clergy to a , due sense of the obligations they lay under." — ItiSHOP Burnet. " He was the tutelar angel to keep many a poor royalist from famishing ; it being verily belieTod that he yearly gave away more than two hundred pounds." — Fulh f.^ W"r()iir.^. I "Dr. Hammond had extended teaming and real piety, and is valuable for criticism and antiquity; but his views are far from the simplicity of the principles of the Reformation. He is not sound on justification by faith; righteousness by faith in Christ ' has ever been a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence. Rom. ix. i 30-33. I *' Yet one golden sentence of his deserves recording: " ' whata glorious thing, how rich a prize for the expense of a I man's whole life, were it to be the instrument of rescuing one ; soul from ruin.' " — Bichcrsteth's C. S. j See also Life by Bishop Fell; Biog. Brit. ; Bnrwick's Life; Lloyd's Memoirs; Peck's Desiderata j Cburtun's Life of Nowell ; Usher's Life and Letters. j Hammond, Humphrey. Serms., Lon., 1715, both Svo. I Hammond, J., D.D. An Historical Narration of the whole Bible, Lon., 1723, Svo. Hammond, Jabcz D. Political History of New York to Dec. 1S40. Albany, 1843, 2 vols. Svo; vol. iii., Syracuse, Svo. "The work is wiitten with candour and unstudied accuracy." — GOVEUNOB SlWARD. " Pains-taking, but not always accurate." — President King. Hammond, James, M.P., 1710?-1742, second son of Anthony Ilnmmond, M.P., cherished an unfortunate — because unnvuiling — passion fur Miss Dashwood, which «ought relief in his Love Elegies, pub. after his death with a recommendatory preface by Lord Chesterfield. But Dr. Beattie insists on it that Hammond was nut in love when he wrote these elegies: they are, indeed, principally translations from Tibullus. Poetical Works, Glasg., 17S7; Svo. Reprinted in vol. xi. of Johnson's and Chal- mer's Eng. Poets, and bound up in the same vol. with CoUins's poems in Bell's pocket ed. "Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes himself as a shepherd, and his Nea^-a or Delia as a sheplierdess, and talks of goats and lambs, feels no passion. He that courts his mistress with Roman Imagery deserves to lose her; for she may with good reason suspect his sincerity."' — Dr. Joh?iso7i^s Lives of the Eng. Puds. This is about as wise as are many other of the lexico- grapher's oracular decisions. " Hammoud was a young gentleman who appears to have fallen in love about the year 1740. and who translated Tibullus into English verse to let his mistress and the public know of it." — ffazliti's Led. on the Eng. I'oets. Hammond, James H., Ex-Governor of the State of S. Carolina, b. in 1S07, in Newberry district in that state, has pub. some letters on slavery, and a number of papers upon politics, manufactures, &c. Hammond, John. Leah and Rachel; or, the two fruitful Si.stcrs. Virginia and Maryland; their present condition stated, Lon., 1056, 4to. Hammoud, John. The Practical Surveyor, Lon., 1702, 8vo. Tlie same. pub. by S. Warner, 1780, Svo. Hammond, iU, C. 31., *U. s. Army, a younger bro- ther uf Ex-Guvernor Hammond, was born in 1S14, in Newberry district, South Carolina. He is the author of a number of papers on military allairs, pub. in the Southern Quarterly Review. He is saiil to be now engaged on a trans, of Joinini's treati.se on the Art of War. Hammond, Col. Robert, Governor of the Isle of Wight. Letters. &c. rel. to Charles L, Lon., 1764, Svo. Hammond, Samuel. Young English Scholar's Guide, Lon., 1744, Svo. Hammond, Samuel H., b. 1S09. at Bath, N.York. 1. Hills, Lakes, and Forest Streams. N. Y'ork, 1S54, 12mo. 2. Hunting Adventures in the Northern Wilds, 1855. 12mo. 3. In conjunction with L. AV. Man.sfield, Country Margins and Summer Rambles. 1S55, 12nio. Hammond, or Haniond, Thomas. Commotion of ccrtaine Papists, &c.. Lon., H105, 4tn, Hammond, Thomas. Measurer, Lon., 1669, Svo. Hammond, William, uf St. Alban's Court, in East Kent, the collateral ancestor of James Hammond; see unte. Poems, Lon., 1655, Svo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 342, £4 is. Reprint, 1SI6, 4to. Sixty-one copies printed, with a pre- face by Sir S. E. Brydges. 7ao '• One of the forgotten Poem-writers of the last age." — PhiUips'i Tlteat. Poet. Anglic. Hammond, William. Serm., Lon., 1745, 12mo. Hammond, William. Serm.. Lon., 1776, 12nio. Hammoud, William Andrew. The Definitions of Faith and Canons. Ac, Oxf., lS4:i, Svo. Hamond, George. See Hammond. Hamond, Thomas. See Hammond. Hamond, Walter. 1. Traus. of A. Parey on Gun- shot, Ac. Wounds, Lon., 1617. 4to. 2. Madagascar. 1640, 4to. 3. Madagascar the Richest Island, een only one proof among many that it is part of their policy to promote men of loose opinions: but to place him in the oflBce which he now holds was an intended insult to the Univer- sity. In no way could the Whigs expect so materially to injure the Church as by planting Germanized professors in our schools of divinity. Thank liod, there is too much sound learning in the land for them to succeed in this." — Koiioick, April 2, 1836. It is not a little curious, considered in connexion with the above, that the bishopric followed the professorship. On the other hand, — for it is our wont to let each side speak for itself. — the Edinburgh Reviewer (supra) can hardly find terms strong enough to express his indigna- tion at the persecution to which he alleges Dr. Hampden has been subjected : " And for such persecution," he tells us, " the plea of conscience is not admissible; it can ouly be a conscience so blinded by wilful neglect of the highest truth, or so corrupted by the habitual in- dulgence of evil passions, that it rather aggravates than excuses the guilt of those whom it misleads." — April, ISoO: '239. Hampden, Rob. Trevor, Vice-corn, de Britannia, Lathmon, Villa ISromhamensis, Poemata, nunc primum curante Filio Joan. Trevor edita, Parma% Typis Bodo- nianis. 1792, fol. 115 copies printed. Vellum paper, 15 copies printed. One copy on vellum sold at Junot's sale for £15 15». Ordinary copies have been sold at £1 16«. to £6 6s. These poems are praised by Lords Hardwicke and Lyttelton. Haiiipe, John Henry, M.D. 1. Metallurgy, Lon., 1778, fol. Posth. 2. Con. on nat. hist, to Phil. Trans., 1738, '70. Hamper, Wm., 1776-1831, a native of Birmingham, England. The Life, Diary, and Corresp. of Sir Wm. Dug- dale, Lon., 1837, r. 4to. This is one of the best commen- taries on the events of the Great Rebellion. "For numerous points of remark.ible information, and for very many other great merits, we cordially commend tliis volume to every literary man and library in Gre.it Britain." — Lon. Lit. G(iz. See also Lon. Gent. Mag. ; Lon. Month. Rev., July, 1827 ; Dibdin's Lib. Coiup., ed. 1825, p. 162; our life of Sir Wm. DuoD.VLE, in this Dictionary. Hanipole, Harapoole, or Hampull, Richard. See RoLLK. Hampson, Sir G. F. Duties of Trustees, 2d ed., Lon., 1S3U, 8vo. Hampson, John. 1. Calvinism, 1788, Svo. 2. Mem. of John Wesley, Ac, 1791, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. Poetics of Vida, Ac, 1793, 8vo. 4. Serms., 1793, Svo. Hampson, R. T. 1. Dates. Charters, and Customs of the Middle Ages, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Origines Patricia; ; or, a Deduction of European Titles of Nobility and Dignified Officers from their Primitive Sources, 1846, Svo and r. 8vo. " None can be said to know things well, who do not know them in tbe beginning."— Sir Wm. Temple. Hampson, Wm. 1. Duckingfield Lodge ; a Poem, Lon., 1793, 4to. 2, Essay on the Management of Cows, 1796, Svo. Hampstead, Capt. J. 1. Naval Tactics, 1808, 4to. 2. Phenomena of Nature, 1811, Svo. Hampton. Existence of the Human Soul after Death proved, Lon., 1711, Svo. Hampton, George. Theolog. treatises, Lod.,17S5,<&c. Hampton, James N. Fall of Man, Lon., 1750, Svo. Hampton, Rev. James, d. 1778. 1. Trans, from the Greek of the General Hist, of Polybius, Lon., 1766, '72, 2 vols. 4to ; 1772, 4 vols. Svo. Witii a Preface by Dr. Johnson. 2. Two Extracts from the 6th Book of Polybius, 1764, 4to. IIAIf " Accuracy and probity shine iu his writings. He was a scholar, a statesman, and a philosopher. In Tolybius we meet with nothing but unadorned simplicity and plain reason. . . . The English tians- lator has preserved tbe admirable sense aud improved the coarse original." — Gibbon. "1 was very little acquainted with the merits of this work till they were pointed out by Jebb. The rrefiicewas certainly revised and improved by Dr. Johnson." — Dr. Parr. " Polybius's history is interwoven with sound political reflec- tions." — CUAXCELLOB KENT. Hampton, Wm. Serms., 1660, '67, both 4to. Hamstcad, J. Cause of Gravity, Ac, ISII. Pro- bably the same as Hamstead, Capt. J., above. Ilauani, Richard. See Hainam. Hanburg, N. 1. Horologia Scoteriea, &c., Lon., 1682, 4to. 2. Snpp. Analyticum ad Equationes Cartesianis, Camb., 1691, 4to. Hanbnry, Barnard, and Rev. George Wad- dington. Journal of a Visit to some Parts of Ethiopia, Lon., 1822, 4to. '• Mr. Waddiugton, we understand, has the reputation of being a good classi,-al scholar ; we cannot however say much in favour of bis Knglish "— ion. I^icir. Ru-., xxvii. 215-239, q. r. Hanbury, Benjamin. Hist. Memorials of the Con- gregationalists, Lon., 1839-14, 3 vols. Svo. Reviewed in Lon. Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vi. 335. Hanbury, Rev. Wm., of Leicester, d. 1718, pub. A Complete Body of Planting and Gardening, Lon., 1770- 73. 2 vols. foL, and some other works, 1758-67. Hancock, Blith. 1. Eclipses, Norw., 1783, Svo. 2. Astronomy of Comets, 1786, Svo. Hancock, John,D.D., Rectorof St. Margaret's, Lolh- bury, London, Preb. of Canterbury, and Chaplain to the Duke of Bedford. Serms., Ac, 1697-1739. Hancock, John, 1670-1752, a minister of Lexington, Mass. Serms., 1722. '24, '26, '48. Hancock, John, d. 1744, aged 41, a minister of Brain- tree, Mass., son of the preceding. Serms., Ac., 173S, '39, '43, '48. Hancock, John, LL.D., 1737?-1793, one of the signers of tbe Declaration of American Independence, a son of John Hancock of Braintreo, and a grandson of John Hancock of Lexington, was a native of Quincy. Mass. ; grad. at Harvard Coll., 1754 ; Member of the House of Rep. for Boston, 1766; President of the Provincial Con- gress of Mass., 1774; President of the Continental Con- gress, 1775; Governor of Mass., 1780-84 and 1787-93. He pub. an Oration on the Boston Massacre, 1774. See Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence; National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans; the histories of the United States. Hancock, John. On Quakers,Lon.,1802,'03,both Svo. Hancock, Robert. Serm., 54, r. Svo, pp. 810. "It is adapted alike to Medical and Dental Students." — South. Jour, of Mat. and Pfiys. Sci. Dr. H. has contributed largely to the Amer. Jour, of Dental Science, and to the Brit. Med. and Surg. .Jour. Hanerlield, Thomas. Funl. Serm., 1811. Hanlbrd, C. J., editor of an English trans, from the Spanish of Balmez's Protestantism and Catholicity com- pared, Ac, Lon., 1849, Svo. "This work has not undeservedly been translated into English, 781 HAN HAN French, and Italian. Moderate in its tone, tnlnrant in its senti- ments, and on the whole c-andid in its statements, it is one of the few works of reli^'ious controversy that maintain throughout a philosophic character and spirit." — Lon. AtMntrum. Hanger, Col. George, alterwanls Lord Cole- raine, servod in the American war, and gives an account of his resilience in this country in his Life, Adventures, and Opinions, Lon., ISOl, 2 vols. Svo. He also pub. tracts on military subjects, 1789, '92, '95, 1S04, and the Lives, Adventures, and Sharping Tricks of eminent Gamesters, 1S04, 12mo. Hanger, Philip. Men castaway at Sea, Lon., 1675, 4to. _ Hanhart, M. and N. Narrative of the Cruise of the Yacht Maria among the Faroe Islands, in the Summer of 1854, Lon., 1855, r. Svo. Hankin, Christiana C. Life of Mary Anne Schim- melpenninck. Author of Select Memoirs of Port Royal, and other Works, edited by her Relation, C. C. H. See Lon. Athen.. 1S5S, Pt. 2, Ifit;, and Lon. Examiner. Hankin, Rev. Edward, M.D. Pulit. tracts, &c., 17S(i-lsl5. Hankiuson, ThomasE. Serms., Ac. Lon., 18.33^14. Hanlcy, P., M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1771. Hanley, Sylvanus. 1. Young Conchologist's Book of Species. Lon., 1840, '42, p. Svo. 2. Ipsa Linnai Con- chylia, 1855, Svo. "His Shells of Linna?n3 will rank as the standard by which all systematic concholngistB must henceforth abide as respects the nomenclature of the Linn«an species." — H'estminsta- Hev., April, 1856, q. V. 3. Enlarged ed. of Wood's Index Testaceologicus, 1856, Ac. 4. In conjunction with W. Wood, English ed. of Lamarck's Cat. of Recent Shells, 1844-50. 5. Catalogue of Bivalve Shells, 1856, Svo. Hanmer. J. W. Reports of Cases in K.B., &o., from the MSS. of Lord Kenyou, Lou., 1819-25, 2 vols. Svo. See Wallace's Reporters; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. Hanmer, Sir John, Bart, 1. Sonnets, Lon., 12mo. 2. Fra CipoUa, and other Poems, 1839, Svo. Commended by Lon. Athen., 1S39, 982. Hanmer, Kev. Jonathan, d. 1687, wrote a work upon Conflrination, 1658, Svo, one on Eccles. Antiq., and some other treatises. Hanmer, Meredith, D.D., 1543-1604, Chaplain of Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., and subsequently treasurer to the Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin. 1. Chronicle of Ireland, by M. Hanmer, Edm. Campion, and Edm. Spen- ser. Pub. by Sir James Ware, Dubl., 1633, fol. 2. A Chronographie. This is annexed to his trans, of the Eccles. Histories of Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius, Lon., 1677, '85, 1650, fol. 3. The Jesuities Banner, 1581, 4to. 4. Confut. of M. Champion, 15S1, Svo. 6. The Baptizing of a Turke; a Serm., 1586, 16mo. Other works. Hanmer, Sir Thomas, M.P., 1676?-1746, Speaker of the House of Commons and M. P. for nearly thirty years, devoted much time and labour to the preparation of an edit, of the Wfirks of Shakspeare, which he presented to the Univ. of Oxford. It was pub., Oxford, 1744, 6 vols. 4to, with engravings by Gravelot. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1647 ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 801. In 183S, Svo, appeared Sir Thomas's Life and Corresp., which has been already noticed. See Bu.vBuitv. Sir Henry. Hanna, William, LL.D. See Chalmers, Thomas, D.D., LL.D. Hannam, John. Economy of Waste Manures, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo. '■ The treatise is valuable, and the author is known as the writer of several prize es.says." — Donaldson's AgricuU. Ling. Mr. H.'s Prize Essays have been" On the Use of Hand Tillages, On the Effects of Special Manures, ;erves a kindly remembrance every rainy day, for to him the male sex are indebted for the use of the umbrella. The great Christian institution of the Sunday-iSchool, which no Christian or patriot should neglect, found a zealous advocate in the excellent Hanway. He was also the principal founder of the Marine Society and the Magdalen Hospital. Ilarbaugh, Henry, b. 1817, Franklin en., Penna., pastor of the First German Reformed Church. Lancaster, Penna. 1. Heaven; or, The Sainted Dead, Phila., 1848, 12mo. 2. Heavenly Recognition of Friends, 1851, 12mo. 3. Heavenly Home, 1853, 12mo. 4. Birds of the Bible, 1854, 4to. 5. Union with the Church, 1856, ISmo. 6. The Fathers of the German Reformed Church in Europe and America. 1857-58, 3 vols. 12mo. 7. The Life of the Rev. Michael Schlatter, 1857, 12mo. 8. The True Glory of Woman, 1858, 12mo. Mr. Ilarbaugh's works have been widely circulated and highly commended. Ilarbert, Sir Wni., Knt. 1. Lett, to a Roman pre- tended Catholike, Lon., 15S6, 4to. 2. Laudes of Sir P. Sidney, 1580, 4to. 3. Prophesie of Cadwallader, last King of the Britaines, IfiOO, 4to. Bindley, £7 10». Harbin. Rev. George. See Bedford, Hilkiah. Harbin, Thomas. Traveller's Companion, Lou., 1702. Harby, Isaac, 1788-1828, a native of Charleston, S. C, was the author of the Gordian Knot, a Play, 1807; Alberti, a Play ; an Address before the Reformed Society of Israelites, 1825 ; and numerous essays in the periodi- cals of the day. In June, 1828, he removed to New York, where he contributed to the Evening Post, and other Journals. A selection from his Miscellaneous Writings was pub. 1829, Charleston, Svo, by Henry L. Pinckney and Abraham Moise. See Duyckincks" Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Harby, Thomas. Passages of Scripture, 1678, fol. Harcourt, James, D.D. Serms., 1721, '35. both 4to. Harcourt, Leveson Vernon, Chancellor of the Cathedral, and Preb. of York. 1. The Doctrine of the Deluge, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. A valuable work. 2. A Remonstrance to the Bp. of Exeter, &c., 1850, Svo. 3. Leets. on the Four Gospels Harmonized, 1851, 3 vols. Svo. Harcourt, Robert. A Relation of a Voyage to Guiana, Lon., 1613, '26, 4to. La mcme, traduite en Hol- landais, Leydeu, 1707, Svo. This will be also found entire in the Harleian Miscell., and a portion of it is in Pur- ehas's Pilgrimes, vol. iv. Lowndes, by a misprint doubt- less, raal;es it read Voyage to Guinea! Hardcastle, David, Jr. 1. Letters on the Currency, Lon., Svo. 2. Banks and Bankers, 2d ed., 1S42, p. Svo. The bankers of a country — the Hopes and Welles' and Barings of the Old Worhl, and the Wards, the Drcxels, the Ciarks, and the Corcorans of the New — are powerful auxiliaries to the enterprise and energy developed in the walks of Commerce and the marts of Trade. Hardcastle, Thomas. Christian Geography and Arithmetic, being a Survey of the World in several Serms., Lon., 1674, Svo. Hardcastle, VVm. 1. Genealog. Text-Book; Brit. Hist., Lon., ISmo. 2. Cat. of Astronomy, Ac, 1845, ISmo. HarUeby, Geoffrey, an Augustine monk, confessor to Henry II.", and Prof, at Oxford, d. 1360, wrote Lects. on the O. and N. Tests., A Hist, of his Order, and a Tract on Evangelical Poverty. Hardie, David. Taxation of Coals, Lon., 1792, Svo. Hardie, Thomas, Serms., Hawick, 1811. Hardiman, J. Hist, of the Town and County of Galwiiy, Dubl., 1S20, 4to. •'A \;iluable additiun to Irish topography." Hardin, Martin D., of Kentucky. Rep. of Cases in Court of Appeals, Kentucky, 1S05-0S, Frankfort, 1810, 8v... Harding. Farmers' Account-Book for 1816-17. Harding, A. An Epitome of Universal History from the Earliest Period to 1848. Lon., 1848, Svo. *' Historical charts, and a copious chronological index to assist the memory, add to the usefulness of this epitome, which ia otherwise well calculated for the purposes of inatructiou." — Lon. Lit. Gazette. Harding, J. D., b. 1797, an artist of London, has pub. a numl»cr of valuable works, among which are Lessons on Art, The Guidt- and Companion to the Lessons on Art, Lessons on Trees, Elementary Art. and the Principles of Art. Sketches at Home and Abroad: 60 tinted drawings, imp. fol. *' A treasure-house of delight. Here Northern Italy yields up its architectural glories and its lake-scenery. Venice its palaces, the Tyrol its romantic valleys and villages, the Rhenish cities their picturesque beauty, and France aud England their greenest spots of remembrance." — Lon. At'iev. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1S56 ; Westm. Rev.. April.l 855. Harding, J. W. Sketches in North Wales, Lon., 1810, f.d. Harding, or Hardyng, John, an old English chronicler, b. l.'>78, lived at least to the age of 87. Ho was employed in collecting documents for the purpose of ascertaining what fealty was due from the Scottish kings to the kings of England, and is said to have forged papers where he did not iind what he looked for: but it is pos- sible that Harding himself was deceived. Certain it ia that he acquired a taste for such researches, and drew up a Metrical Chronicle of England from the earliest times to the reign of Henry IV. It was first printed by Graf- ton, with a continuation to the 34th year of Henry VIII., by the same, in prose, in 1543, sm. 4to. This edit, is very rare; the Roxburghe copy was sold for £13 13^*.. which wo believe to have been the highest price ever paid for it. In 1812 a new ed. was pub. in r. 4to, with a biographical and literary preface by Sir Henry Ellis. To this preface, and to the authorities subjoined below, we refer the reader. '' This work is almost beneath criticism, and fit only for the at- tention of an auti^juary. Uaiding may be prouounred to be the most impotent of our metrical historians, especially where we recollect the great improvements wbifh English poetry had now received. I will not even except Robert of Gloucester, who lived in the infancy of taste and versification. The chronicle of this authentic and laborious auu-ilist has hardly those more modest graces which could properly recommend and adorn a detail of the British story in prose. He has left some pieces in prose; and Winstanley say.'^. ' As his prose was very usefull. so was his poetry, as much delightfull.' I am of opinion that both his prose and poetry are equally useful aud delightful. What can be more frigid and unanimated than these lines? " Kyng Arthure then iu Avalon so died,' &c. ?" Warton's Hht. of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840; ii. 330. Good old Thomas Fuller estimates Harding's poetry at a much higher rate : "In my judgment, be had drank as hearty a draught of Helicon as any in his age." — Wortliii's of Yorkshire, ed. 1840, iii. 428. Mr. Hallam remarks that, whilst Lydgate and Bishop Pecock are not read with ease by the modern student, the Paston Letters, Sir John Fortescue's Discourse on Mon- archy, aud Harding's Chronicle, present scarcely any difficulty. See Literary Hist, of Europe, ed. 1S54, i. 311- 312. See also Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic. ; Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. ; Hibdin's Typ. Antiq. ; and his Lib. Comp. Harding, John, late Priest and Dominican Fryar. A Recantation Serm. on Ps. cxix. 71, Lon., 1620, 4to. " Wherein he hath declared his just motives which have moved him to leave the Clmrch of Rome." Harding, John, D.D., Bishop of Bombay, 1851; formerly Rector of St. Ann's, Blackfriars. 1. Scrm., Lon., 1S37, Svo. 2. Serm., 1841, 12mo. Harding, Nathaniel. Serms., Lon., 1714, '15, both Svo. Harding, S. and E, 1. Shakspeare illustrated by Portraits and Views, Lon., 1793, Svo. 2. Biographical Mirrour, 1795-1810, 3 vols. 4to, £7 lOs. Harding, Samuel. Sicily and Naples, or the Fatall Union ; a Traganly, 1040, 4to. Harding, Samnci. Coats of Arms of English No- bility, Lon., 1741. 4to. Harding, or Hardinge, Thomas, D.D.,1512-1572, educated at and Fellow of New College, Oxford, Hebrew Prof, of the Uuiv. iu 1542, became a zealous Roman Ca- tholic, and wrote seven controversial tracts (1564-63) in opposition to Bishop Jewel. " Each writer. Jewel and Hardinge, was considered as the champion of his party, and each allowed hy both parties to dis- play great ability in the controversy." — Charles Butler. Humphrey thus compares them : 783 HAR IIAR •' lu inultis pares sunt & amljo doctrinfe &. eloquentiie gloria priecellentes." — Life of Ji'wi. See Jewel, John, and authorities there cited; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Dodd's Ch. Hist. ; Prince's Wor- thies of Devon ; Strype's Cranmer; Tanner; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1038. Harding, Thomas, Variation of the Needle ; Trans. Irish Acad., IT'JI. Harding, Rev. Thomas. Edit, of Henrie Bul- linger's Fiftie Gudlic and Learned Serms., in 5 Decades; Parker Society, Camb., ]S49-51, *tc., 4 vols. Svo. See Strype's Annals of the Reform.; Saxii Onomasticon ; Vita a Sinilero; Melchior Adam in vitis Thcolog. Hardinge, C. S. Views in India, Lon., 1847, imp. ful. Pub. £5 58.; £7 7«. ; £10 10«. Hardinge, George, 174-1-1S16, a son of Nicholas Uardinge, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., was in 1787 made Senior Justice of the counties of Brecon, Glamor- gan, and Radmor, and in 1789 appointed Attorney-Gene- ral to the Queen. He wrote Letters to Burke on the impeachment of Hastings; Chalmeriana, — an attack on George Chalmers's Supji. Apology for the Believers in the Shakspeare Papers, 18US, 8vo ; the Essence of Malone, — an attack on Maloue's Life of Dryden, 1800, 8vo, 2d ed. same year ; Another Essence of Malone, — an attack on Malone's Shakspeare, 1801, 8vo ; The Filial Tribute; Three Serms., by a Layman ; An Essay on the Character of Jonathan; The Russian Chiefs, an Ode, 1S14, 4to; 2d ed., same year; Memoirs of Dr. Sneyd Davics, 1817, Svo. A speech of his, delivered at the Bar of the House of Lords, against Fox's East India Bill, was pub. in 1783, Svo. His Miscellaneous Works in Prose and Verse, with the life of the author, were pub. by John Nichols in 1818, 3 vols. Svo, q. v.; see also Nichols's Lit. Anec, and Har- I DiNGE, Nicholas. Hardinge, Rev. H, Remarks on the 12th and 14th Chaps, of 1st Epist. to the Corinth., &c., Lon., 1836, Svo. "This tract elut-idates certain words and difficult passages in the third and thirteenth chapters of 8t. Paul's First jipistle to the Corinthians." — Hoi-nc's BihI. liih. Hardiuge, Nicholas, M.P., 1700-1758, father of G. Hardinge, educated at King's Coll., Camb., was chief clerk of the H. of Commons, 1731-62, and subsequently appointed joint Secretary of the Treasury. He was an excellent classical scholar and a learned antiquary. Poems. Latin, Greek, and English, with an Essay on Govt., Lon., 1818, Svo. A former ed. for private distribution was printed in 1780. Collected and revised by George Hardinge. See Nichols's Select Collection of Poems, 1780, Svo. Uardisway, Peter, M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1723. '27. Hardman, Rev. Ed. Explan. and Prac. Comment, on the N. Test., Dubl., 1830-32, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., by Dalton, 1839, 2 vols. Svo. " They contain several useful hints on prophetical passages, pub- lished before his views beramo warped by Irvinj^ism."— Bickebsteth. Hardman, F. Trans, of Prof. Weiss's Hist, of the French Protestant Refugees, Lon., 1854, Svo. " We hail the appearance of M. Weiss's book with pleasure." — EcHv. Rev. Hardress, Sir Thomas, Knt. Rep. of Cases in Exchcq., 1664-80, and to 21 Chas. IL, Lon., 1693, fol.; 2d ed., Dubl, 1792, fol. " This volume contains some of the most learnedly argued of the old Ut^ports." — (Ireen. See Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 201. Hardwick, Charles, Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall, and Whitehall Preacher. 1. An Hist. Inq. rel. to St. Catherine of Alexandria; Camb. Antiq. Soc. Pub. in voL XV. 2. Hist, of the Thirty-Nine Articles, Camb., 1851, Svo. 3. Twenty Serms. for Town Congregations, 1853, cr. Svo. 4. Hist, of the Christian Church, 7th cent, to the Re- formation, 1853, p. Svo. Highly commended in the Brit. Quar., Nov. 1853 ; Clerical Jour., Sept. 22. 1853 ; Chris. Re- memh.. Oct. 1853; Nonconformist, Nov. 30, 1853; Notes and Queries, Oct. 8. 1S53; Spectator, Sept. 17, 1853; Guardian. April 12, 1854. Hardwick, Humphrey. Serms., Lon., 1644. Hardwick, Wni, Serm.. Lon.. 1638, 4to. Hardwicke, Major-Geueral, and Mr. Gray. lUustrutions of Indian Zoology, Lon., 2 vols, fob, £21. See Archieol., 1785: Trans. Linn. Soc, 1804. Hardwicke, Earls of. See Yorke. Hardy. Duty of the Customs, 1803. Hardy, Miss. Owen Glendower; an Historical Ro- mance. Lnii., 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo. Hardy, Lieut. Sporting Adventures in the New World. Lon.. 1855, 2 vols. p. Svo. Hardy, Francis, Memoirs of the Polit. and Private 7t>4 Life of James Caulfield, Earl of Charlemont, Lon., 1810, 4to; 1812, 2 vols. Svo. " From what we have now said, the reader will conclude that we think very favourably of this book : and we do think it both eutfitaining and instructive. But — for there is always a hut in a Reviewer's praises — it has also its faults and its imperfections; and theae, fllas ! so p;reat and so many, that it requires all the good-na- ture we can catch by sympathy from the author not to treat him now and then with a terrible and exemplary severity." — Lord Jeffrey: Eiiiu. linv., xix. 96-128; and m fas AJisceUam'ts. "Not that these Memoirs of Lord Charlemont form a complete Ilistniy of Ireland during the life of that nobleman : that is what they neither are nor pretend to be, but they afford a very liberal and entertaining contribution towards it; they supply a great de.il of important matter which is not to be obtained from any other source." — Karl Dudley: Lrm. Quar. Jfn'., vi. 124-147. Mr. Hardy contributed a paper on the Agamemnon of j^lschylus to Trans. Irish Acad.. 1788. Hardy, H. H. Analytical Researches in Spirit Mag- netism, Lon.. 1832, Svo. Hardy, Heury. A A''i.sion from the Lord, 1792, Svo. Hardy, Horatio Charles, Register of Ships in E. 1. Co.'s Service, 1760-1811, Lon., ISll. Revised and con- tinued by his son. Hardy, J, Memoirs of Lord Nelson, 1806. Hardy, James. Arithmetic, Lon., 1760, Svo. Hardy, James, M.B. Colic, &e., 1788, '90, both Svo. Hardy, John. 1. Voyage to Bermudas, 1G61, 4to. 2. Voyage to Barbadoes, 1671, Svo. Hardy, John Stockdale, Registrar of the Arch- deaconry Courts of Leicester. 1. Hours of Thought, Lon., 1840, fp. Svo. 2. Palace of Phantasy and other Poems, 1845, fp. Svo. 3. Literary Remains, edited by John Gough Nichols, 1852, Svo. "A very pleasing work, which will suit ConseiTative politicians and antiquaries, whilst it affords matter interesting to the I.ccle- siastical Lawyer." — Lon. Law M-igazhie, J/a.v, 1852. Hardy, Jos. Tour in the Mts. of the Pyrenees, Lon., r. Svo. Hardy,Nathaniel,D.D., 101 S-1670, entered at Mag- dalen Hall. Oxford. ]f).S2: became minister of St. Dionis Back- Church and Vicar of St. Mart in's-in-t he-Fields ; Archdeacon of Lewes and Dean of Rochester, 1660. Serms., 1G46-66. First Epist. General of John unfolded and applied, 1656, 4to. A Puritan exposition. Hardy, Philip Dixon. 1. Wellington; a Poem, 1814, 4to. 2. Holy Wells of Ireland, 1841, ISmo. 3. Uni- tarianism Unmasked. 4. The Northern Tourist. 5. The Philosophy of Christianity : 2d ed., 1847, 12mo. 6. Popery in Ireland in 1846-47, Svo ;"l847. 7. Tourist through Ireland, 1858. Mr. ILirdy's name is widely known in connexion with the Dublin Penny Journal and other literary enterprises. Hardy, R. Spence, AVesleyan Missionary. 1. The British Government and the Idolatry of Ceylon, Lon., 1841, Svo. 2. Eastern Monachism, Lon., IS50, Svo. " The volume deserves an European circulation." — Lon. Chris- tian I'ime.t. Hardy, Lieut. R. W. H. Travels in the Interior of Mexico in 1825-28, Lon., 1829. Svo. Hardy was de- puted to take charge of a Pearl Fishery in the Gulf of California. His book gives interesting accounts of Guay- mas, Sonora, and Lower California. It is illustrated with maps, and a chart of the junction of the rivers Gila and Colorado, &c. " This work is certainly one of the most curious and interesting that has ever appeared on the subject of this interesting country. It seems that the author travelled far into the interior, and ex- plored many parts never before visited by a European." — Court JoitrnaJ. *'An exceedingly interesting book, abounding in miscellaneoua information and anecdote." — United Service Jour. Hardy, Rev, Robert. Nature of Baptism. Hardy, Samuel, 1720-179."^, Rector of Blakenham Parva, Suffolk, pub. some astronom. and theolog. works, 1752-83, among which arc: — 1. Principal Prophecies of the 0. and N. Tests., Lon., 1770, Svo. 2. New Trans, of St. Paul's Epist. to the Hebrews, 1783, Svo. "The alterations of the common translation in the version of the Hebrews are not very numerous, yet they are sometimes rather free. The notes are short, and the doctrine orthodox." — Orme's Bill. Bib. 3. Novum Testamentum Graecum Scholisis Theologicus et Philologicus, 2 vols. Svo; Londini, 1768; 2d ed., 1776; 3ded.. 1820. *' It was a very useful companion to every biblical student, and has gone through two editions, (the 2d in 177G.1 the lirst of which is the best; but it must be acknowledj^ed that the Greek text in both is inexcusably incorrect.-' — Dr. Clarke. "The//*(/(7 edition of this work is the most correct : it is beauti- fullv printed. The notes are chiefly extracted from Poole's Synop- sis. ''_i/„nu'5 BihI. Bib. "Hardy does not assign them [the notes] to their rt>spertive authors, and the doctrines which they contain are not always very correct." — Onnt's Bibl. Bib. HAR HAR Hardy, Thomas, D.D. The Patriot, with Observ. on the writings ol T. Paine, 2il ed., EJin., 1793, Svo. Hardy, T. UuH'us, Assistant Keeper of the Public KecorJs. 1. A Uescrip. of the Close Rolls in the Tower of London, Lon., 1S:)3, Svo. Privately printed. "This volume contains Mr. IK^riiy 's Introduction prefixed to the Close Rolls, printed Ity order of bis Majesty's Commissioners fir Pulilic Hecords."— .tfdrtm's Cat. of Privaldi I'rinttd ISooks, 2d ed , 1S54, 442. 2. A Cat. of Lord-Chancellors, Keepers of the Great Seal, Masters of the Rolls, and Principal Officers of the High Ct. of Cliancery, from the earliest period to the pre- Bent time, 184.3, Svo. 260 copies printed. 3. Monumenta llistorica Britannica, by IT. Petrie, J. Sharpe, and T. D. Hardy, 1849, fol. 4. Memoirs of Rt. Hon. Lord Langdale, 1852, 2 vols. Svo. 5. New ed. of Le Neve's Fasti Ecclesia! Anglicann;, corrected and continued from 1715 to the present time, 0.xf., 1854, 3 vols. Svo. A most valuable work. Hardy, Win. Time-Keepers, 1806-08. Hardyng, John. See Hahding. Hare and Skiuuer. The Silk-Worm; Trans. Amer. Soc, ii. 347. Hare, Mrs. Dilapidations of the Palace at Chichester impartially stated, Lon., 1742, 4to. Hare, Augustus J. C. Epitaphs for Country Church- yards, Lon., 1856. " We commend Mr. Hare's little book very willinirlv — especially to the country clerfiy.''— it-n. Athettfruw. Miij 3. 1S5C. Hare, Augustus William, late Fellow of New Col- lege, and Rector of Alton-Barnes since 1829, d. at Rome in 1834, aged 40. Scrms. to a Country Congregation, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo; 7th ed., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. 1 •' Very striking and useful." — Bickerslfth's Chris, .^tti. ! "They are. in truth, as it appears to us, on the whole, composi- tions of very rare merit in their kind." — Loji. Quar. itVc. lix. 3:3-48. _'• All HL-iy read them with profit: hut to cleri^ymen. if studied withdiscretion. they amy prove serviceable in uo common degree." •~Lott. Cliris. Observer. "These volumes present us with the workings of a pious and highly-gifted mind." — British Mug. "Of recent writer.s there is none with whom we are acquainted who, in point of ibction. so well deserves to be a model, as the iate Augustus William Hare." — Edin. Rfv., Ixxii. C6-9S. JMr. Hare was one of the authors of Guesses at Truth by Two Brothers: see Hare, JrLirs Charlks. Hare, Rev. Edward Wesley. 1. Treat, on Justi- fication, 2d ed., with a Pref. Ijy Thos. Jackson, Lon., 1839, 12mo. Highly esteemed liy the Wesleyan Methodists. 2. Preservative against the Errors of Socinianism, Svo. Written in reply to Mr. Grundy of Manchester. "The author [Hare] was an acute reasoner, and very familiar with the holy scriptures."— flr. E. Williams's C. P. Hare, Francis, D.D., d. 1740, a native of London, admitted of King's Coll., Camb., where he subsequently became tutor, 1688; Dean of AVorcester, 1708; Dean of St. Paul's, 1726 ; Bishop of St. Asaph, 1727 ; trans, to Chi- chester, 1731. To Dr. Hare as a classical critic and as a theologian we have already had occasion to allude in our lives of Richard Bpistlev, see p. 171 ; .\nthony Colli.vs, see p. 412; and Thomas Edwards, see p. 548. We may readily believe that " Hare was excessively piqued at the utter annihilation of his Terence and Phadrus. the one soon after its hirth. the other before its birlh. hy lientley's edition of both together in 1726, who never once names H.ire." For further information respecting this learned critic — for such he certainly was, though no Bentley — consult authorities referred to below. He took a lively interest in the Bangorian Controversy, and pub. a number of pieces against Hoadly, which were included in the collective ed. of his Works, 1746, 4 vols. Svo. Again, 1755, 4 vols. Svo. The following works of his deserve a special notice: 1. Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the Stndy of the Scriptures in the Way of Private Judgment, 1714, '35, '45, Svo. "With all the merit of this beautiful satire, I believe that had the author foreseen that the liberty which animates this line-turned piece of raillery would have given scandal to any good man, he would have made abatement in the vigour of his wit and argu- ments." — Bp. WARaCFlToN. 2. Psalmomm Liber in Versiculas Metriee divisus, etc., 1736, 2 vols. Svo. "This work does more honour to the genius and industry of the author than to his judgment. That the Psalms are poetical is very obvious; but that they are constmcted on similar piinciples with Greek and Latin verse tlie learned bishop has failed to prove. The true pronunciation of Hebrew is irrecoverably lost, and the dis- cussions of Meibomlus. Gomarus. and Le Clerc. have thrown little light on it. The hypothesis of Uare met with an .ible antagonist in Bishop Lowth, and a defender in Dr. Edwards."^0r?/ie'si?(6i. Bth. Mr. Orme refers to Bishop Lowth's Metrics! Hareanae brevis Confutatio, annexed to his Lectures, De Sacra Poesi 60 Hcbrteornm. The Edwards whom he names is Thomofl Edwards, in whose life we have already referred to this controversy. See Whiston's Life; Swil't's Works ; Cole's MS. Athenas in Brit. Mus. ; Gent. Mag. ; Blackwood's Mag., xxviii. 653. Hare, Henry, Lord Coleraine. A Scale of Devotions, musical and gradual ; or, Descants on the 15 Psalms of Degrees, Lon., 1681, fol. Hare, Henry, Lord Coleraine, 169.3-1749. a profound scholar :ind learned antiquary, jiub. a poem in the Acade- mia; Ox(»niensis Comitia Piiilologica, 1713, and in the Musie Anglicana, iii. 403, under the title of Musarum ob- latio ad Rcginam. Hare, Hugh. 1. A Charge at Sessions. 2. The Con- spiracy of Ficschi, trans, from the Italian of Mascardi, Lon., 1693, Svo. Hare, J. I. Clark, and Wallace, Horace Bin- ney. 1. American Leading Cases in Law, Phila., 2 vols, Svo. 1847 ; 3d ed., 1852. 2. Smith's (J. W.) Leading Cases in Law, 4th Amer. from the 3d Lon. ed., with addits., 1S52, 2 vols. Svo. 3. White (F. T.) and Tudor's (0. D.) Leading Cases in Equity, with addits., 2d Amer. ed., 1852, 3 vols. Svo. 4. The New English Exchequer Reports, 35 vols, pub. to 1S55. "I scarcely know of any volumes which I deem of more im- portance or value for a professional library.'* — Joseph Stoht. See Wallace, Horace Binney. Hare, James, d. 1808. Serms., Ac, 1797-1809. Hare, John. St. John's Ghost ; or, Anti-Normanisme, Lon.. 1647. 4to. Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany. Hare, Julius Charles, Rector of Huratmonceaux, Archdeacon of Lewis, a Canon of Cliichester, Chaplain to the Queen, and late Fellow of Trinity Coll., Camb.. d. 1855, aged 59. Tliis learned gentleman pub. The Mission of the Comforter, The Victory of Faith, and other sermons, a number of theological and other works. He is best known to general readers as one of the authors — in conjunction with his brother, Augustus William Hare, and others — of Guesses at Truth, and as joint translator with Bishop Thirlwall of vols. i. and ii. of Niebuhr's History of Rome. The 1st ed. of Guesses at Truth appeared in 1827, and the 3d in 1847: Series Second, 2d ed., 1848. Thirlwall and Hare's trans, from Niebuhr was first pub. in 1828-32, 2 vols. Svo. A new ed. was issued in 1855. In IS4S Mr. Hare edited the Essays and Tales of John Sterling, with . a Memoir of his Life, in 2 vols. 12mo. Mr. Carlyle evinced but little satisfaction with the labours of the editor. For further information respecting Arclideacon Hare and his literary labours, see Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855. 424- 425; Sir Wm. Hamilton's Discussions; Hallam's Literary Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., i. 298-301, n. ; M.adden's Life of the Countess of Blessington; Edin. Rev., Jan. 1833: Lon. Quar. Rev., July, 1855; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxv. 657; Blackw. Mag., xlii. 92 ; xliii. 2S7-2SS; Longman's Notes on Books, Aug. and Nov. 1855. Hare, Robert, .M.D., 1781-1858, an eminent chemist. Emeritus Prof, of Chemistry in the University of Penn- sylvania. He distinguished himself by a number of important scientific discoveries, among which the agency of the compound hydro-oxygen in obtaining a greater amount of heat than had ever before been developed is perhaps the best known. This discovery was made by Dr. Hare when he was but about twenty -one years of age. In 1810 he pub. a pamphlet entitled Brief View of the Policy and Resources of the United States, and he is the author of more than one hundred and fifty papers contributed to various periodicals. His last publication was Spiritualism Scientifically Demonstrated, N. York, 1865, Svo. Hare, Samuel. 1. Practical Observations on Curva- tures of the Spine, 3d ed., Lon., IS49, Svo. " We therefore unhesitatingly commend his work as a truthful and trustworthy statement of the power of scientific Surgery and Medicine over some of the most grievous hindrances to human activity and industry." — Lon. Mudical Gfuettf.. 2. Physical Education of Children, 1852, Svo. Hare, Thomas. Serms., 1747-48. Hare, Thomas. Con. to Trans. Hort. Soc, 1S17. Hare, Thomas. 1. Discovery of Evidence. Lon., 1836, Svo; N. York, 1836, Svo. 2. Rep. in Chancery, 1841-62. 8 vids. Svo. 3. In conjunction with H. J. Nicholl and J. M. Carrow, Cases rel. to Railways and Canals is Law and Equity, 1835-52, 6 vols. Svo. Harewood, Harry. Diet, of Sports, Lon., 12mo. Harflete, Henry. 1. A Banquet of Essayes, ic, Lon., 1653. suL 8vo. 2. Vox Ccelorum ; Predictions Defended, Svo. Harford, Charles Joseph. Antiquities found in Somersetsliire: Archicol., 1N03. Harford, John S. The Life of Thomas Burgess, HAR D.D., late Lord-Bishop of Salisbury, 2d ed., Lon., 1841, fp. 8vo. "One of the most pleasing, as well as instructive. Tolumes of Christian and ecclesiastical biography which of late years has issued from the press. The Christian reader will peruse it with deli^rht and pratitude; and ecclesiastics of every rank may read ic for their fjuidance and instruction." — Lon. Qiiar. iiVc. ""Written in the clear, simple, and unaffected style which be- comes biography; and is interesting at once from its subject, and from the various letters and anecdotes it contains of literary and ecclesiastical contemporaries." — British Critic. '■.\ very interesting memoir." — Britisli Mag. See BriiGESs, TiioHAS, D.D. Harford, Raph. A fJospel Engine; or. Streams of Love and Pity to quench and prevent new flames in Eng- land. Lon., 1(549, fol. Hargrave, A. Collegiate Physicians, Lon., 1676, 4to. Hargrave, Ely. See IlAnoRovE. Hargrave, Francis, 1741-1821, an eminent law- writer, educated at the Univ. of O.\ford, has been already noticed in our lives of Chablks BuTLEn, Sir El)^VABD Coke, and Sir IMatthew Hale. He removed to Lincoln's Inn in 1764, and in 1772 distinguished himself in the Habeas Corpus of James Somersett, a negro for whom he was counsel. In addition to his labours upon Coke on Little- ton, his ed. of Hale's Jurisdiction of tlie Lords* House of Parliament, and the published report of the case of So- mersett, his best-known works are — 1. An Argument in De- fence of Literary Property, 1774, or. 8vo. 2. Collec. of State Trials, 1776, 11 vols, fob; usually bound in 6. Howell's State Trials is the best collection : see the article State Trials in Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 660-661, and authori- ties there cited ; and see Howell, T. B., in this Dictionary. 3. A Collection of Tracts rel. to the Law of England, from MSS. never before pub., 1787, 4to. See 3 Kent, 426; 4 Barn. & Cres., 605; 15 East, 304; 5 Barn. &, Aid., 285; Hofi'. Leg. Stu.. 186; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 241; SO Lon. Month. Rev., 484. 4. Collectanea Juridica; con- sisting of Tracts rel. to the Law and Constitution of Eng- land, "Titles of Honour, and Constitutional Subjects, 1791- 92, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Judicial Arguments and Collections, 1797-99, 2 vols. 4to. 6. Juris Consult E.xcercitations ; consisting of Tracts upon the Laws of England. Titles of Honour, and Constitutional Subjects, 1811-13, 3 vols. 4to. Mr. Hargrave was possessed of a vast fund of legal eru- dition. '• His leg.al power, ,ind the extent of his knowledge, have rarely been e(inalled. and perhaps never surpassed." "Mr. Ilargiave. a gentleman of great and profound learning, than whom no man that ever lived was more conversant with the law of the country." — Spf.fch of Lord Lyndtiiirst on Life-J\-craf/e in EngJoiid. dt'livered in ttoi Housp. of Lords, Feb. 7, 1856. Mr. Hargrave's valuable Law Library was purchased by Government in 1813 for £8000, and was deposited in the British Museum. Hargrave, J. F. Thelluson Act. Lon., 1842, 8vo. o Mr. Hargrave has treated his very difficult subject with much learning and acuteness." — 6 Jurid, 426. Hargraves, Edmiin«l Hammond, the Discoverer of the tJold-Fields in Australia. Australia and its Gold- Ficlds, Lon., 1855, p. Svo. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856. Hargraves, James. Serms., 1723, '24, both 4to. Hargreaves, James. Family Religion, 1811. Hargreaves, James. Theolog. Essays, &c., Lon., Svo. Hargreaves, Robert. Serms., 1745, '46, both Svo. Hargreaves, Thomas. Colours for the Artist, Phil. Mag., 1S14. Hargrove, Ely. 1. Hist, of Knaresborough, ic, 1769, 12mo; 6th ed., 1809, 12nio. 2. Anecdotes of -Archery, 1792, 12nio. 3. Yorkshire (Tazetteer, 1806, sm. Svo. Hargrove, George, or Hargroves, W. Surgeon. Islands of AValcheren and South Beveland, Lon., 1812, 4to. Hargrove, VV. Hist, and Descrip. of the City of York. York, 1818, 3 vols. r. Svo. Harington, E. C, Prcb. and Chancellor of the Cathedral Church of E.xefer. 1. Notes on the Church of Scot. 1555-1842, Edin., 1843, Svo. 2. Consecration of Churclics, 1844, '47, Svo. 3. Succession of Bishops in the Ch. of Eng. unbroken, 1846, '52, Svo. 4. Serms. on Apos- tolical Succession, 1847, Svo. 5. Reformers of Ang. Ch., and Macaulay's England, Svo. 6. Rcconsecration, tfec. of the Churches, 1850, Svo. 7. The Bull of Pius IX., 1850, Svo. 8. Letter, &c. of the LV. Canon in 1S51, Svo. 9. A Few Words in Answer to the Rev. W. Goode's Reply to Archdeacon Churton and Chancellor Harington on the LV. Canon, etc., 1852, Svo. 10. Serm., Acts xxiv. 4, 1852, Svo. Harington, Henry, M.D. See Harrington. 7ti« EAR Harington, Rev. Henry. See Harrington. Harington, John Herbert. See Harrington. Hariot, Thomas. See Harriot. Harkey, S. W,, Lutheran Pastor, Frederick, Md. 1 Address before Phrenakosraian Society of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, 1837. 2. Lutheran Sund.ay-School Question-Book, Fredericktown, 1838. 3. The Visitor, editor, Frederick, 1840. 4. Translation of Starke's Prayer- Book. 5. The Church's Best State. 6. Sermon on the Death of Gen. Harrison. 7. Sermon on National Thanks- giving. 8. Prisons for Women. Harkness, Albert. 1. Arnold's First Latin Book, N.York, 12mo. 2. Second Latin Book, 1853, 12mo. These manuals have been highly commended by distinguished professors in a number of colleges. Harkness, J. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1811. Harkness, Rev. J. Messiah's Throne and King- dom, N. York, 1853, 12nio. Harlan, J., of Philadelphia. Memoir of India and Affghanistan, Phila., 1842, 12mo. See Lon. Athenaeum, 1842, 779-781. Harlan, Richard, M.D., of Philadelphia. 1. Fauna Americana, Phila., 1S25, Svo. 2. Medical and Physical Researches, 1835, Svo. Various medical and other essays. Harlaud, Marion. See Hawes, Miss Mary Vir- ginia. Ilarle, Jonathan, M.D. An Hist, Essay on the State of Physic in the 0. and N. Test, and the Apocry- phal Interval, Lon., 1729, Svo. Harley. Justification of the H. of Com., 1701, foL Harley, Sir Edward. An Essay towards the Set- tlement of Peace ami Truth in the Church, Lon., 1681, 4to. Wo presume this work to be the production of the elder Edward Harley, father of Robert, Earl of Oxford, and of the succeeding. Harley, Hon. Edward, brother to Robert, Earl of Oxford. 1. An Essay for composing a Harmony between the Psalms and other Parts of the Scripture, Ac, Lon., 1724, r. 4to; 1732, Svo. Anon. "This is a book of piety rather than of learning."— Orme's BiW. Bib. 2. Harmony of the Four Gospels, 1733, Svo. Anon. " Both works are creditable to the author's acquaintance with the Scriptures." — Orme: ubi supra. The two were pub. with Harley's Abstract of the His- torical Part of the 0. Test., ic, and Observ. thereupon, by the Bishop of Sodor and Man, in 1735, 2 vols. Svo. Vol. ii. includes the two works first noticed. Harley, George. Circumstances respecting the late Charles Montford, Esq., 1804, Svo. Harley, George Davies, a comedian, pub. a num- ber of Poems, Ac, 1787-1806. Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, 16B1-1724. eldest son of Sir Edward Harley, and a dis- tinguished statesman, was an eminent patron of letters and a great collector of literary treasures. His library was perhaps the most extensive ever collected by a private individual, with the exception of that of Richard Heber. The Ilarleian Collection of MSS. was purchased by the government for £10,000, and is now deposited in the British Museum. An Index to the Haideian Collection of MSS. was pub. in 1759-63. 2 vols. fol. But a very complete one, compiled by Messrs. Wanley, Casley, Hooker, Nares, Shaw, and Douce, was pub. in 1808, 3 vols. fol. Another vol.— being Indices of Persons, Places, and Matters, by the Rev. Dr. T. Hartwell Home — was pub. in ISOS, foL This catalogue was formerly sold at £8 Ss. It is now (1S56) worth £2 2«. Every historical and legal student should have it in his library. " This Catalogue is a key to inexhaustible sources of informa- tion on almost every subject; but to those who are interested in historical, antiquarian, or biographical literature, it is indispens- able, and, as well as the Cottoniau and Lansdowne Catalogues, will well repay an attentive peru.sal; for so infinite is the variety of the subjects which occur, that the gener.al Indexes furnish but an imperfect idea of the contents of these matchless collections," ■ — Sir N. Harris Nicolas: see a Descrip. of the Contents, Ac, of the various Works printed by Authority of the Kecord Commis- sion, Lon.. 1831, Svo. The Printed Books of the Harleian Library were pur- chased by Thomas Osborne, the bookseller. He gave only £13,000 for the collection ; although Lord Oxford had ex- pended £18,000 on the binding only of the least part of them ! Osborne employed Dr. Johnson, Oldys, and Mattaire, to prepare a catalogue of this noble collection. It appeared in 1743-45, 6 vols. Svo, uuder the title of Catalogus Biblio- thccsB Harleiana; in Locos Communes distributus, cum Indico Auctorum. The Latin dedication to Lord Cartaret was written by Mattaire; vols. i. and ii., in Latin, were HAR HAR written by Dr. Johnson : vols. iii. nnd iv., which nro a repetition in English of the two former, were prepared hy Oldys. Vol. v. does not properly belong to the other four, as it is simply an enumeration of Osborne's old stock. The Preface, which was originally issued as a Prospectus to the work, was written by Johnson: *'llis account of that celebrated cnllfction of books, in which he displays the importance to literature of what the French call a catahiiftte ranfmn^t; when the subjects of it are extensivi* and T;iiious. and it is executed with ability, canrmt fail to impress all hi^ nridiTS with admiration of his philological attainments." — lldswLLr. : Li/f I'f Dr. Johnson. '• In my humble apprehension, the preface is unworthy of the d'ictor : it cnntnins a few general philolopical reflections, t-xpressed in a style siifliiiently stately, but is divested of bibliographical anecdote and interesting intelligence." — 1)r. Dibdin: Bibliomania; q. r. for an interesting analysis of the Ilarleian Library. Having thus disposed of the MS. and Printed Books, we at length reach the pamphlets of the library; and here we arc at once overwhelmed with the amplitude of the field, for Gough assures us that the number was coinjnUed to be 400,000! See Brit. Topog., v. i. 660. From this vast trejisury the indefatigable Oldys extracted between 6U0 and 700, which were pub. in 8 vols. 4to, 1744-46. A new ed. wns pub. by Malham in 1S08-11, 12 vols. 8vo, £3 Ss.; r. 8vo, £14 's«. Another cd., by Thomas Park, was issued in 1808-13, 10 vols. r. 4to, 2 vols, being com- posed of additional matter, £33 12s. A Selection from the Ilarleian Miscellany of Tracts which principally re- gard English History, of which many are referred to by Hume, was pub. in 1793, 4to. The value of this w Antiqua: of the latter, Lon., 1769-75-79, 3 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed , 1792, 3 vols. Svo ; 3d ed., by Thus. Park, 1804, 2 vols. 8vo.' See Harrington, Sir John. Harrington, Henry, M.D., 1729-1816, an eminent physician, long resident at Balh, a son of the preceding, pub. An Ode to Harmony; An Ode to Discord : The Witch of Wokey, a ballad in the Old English Style ; the Geome- trical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity, 1806, 4to. Harrington, James, 1611-1C77, a native of North- amptonshire, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxibrd, under Chil- lingworth, acquired gre.at celebrity as a warm supporter of pcditical freedom. He lived for some time on the con- tinent, and doubtless imbibed whilst resident at Venice and the Hague those republican principles which dis- tinguished him. His principal work is entit. Oceana, pub. in 1656, fol.: " A kind of political romance, in imitation of Plato's ' Atlantic Story.' where by Oceana Ilarrington means England; exhibiting a plan of republican government, which he would have eivcti-d here, in case these kingdoms had formed themselves into a senuine commonwealth. This work, however, pleased no partv, and. as it reliected severely upon Oliver's usurpation, met with'many'difli- culties in the publishing." Harrington pub. also several other political treatises, 1658-60, an Essay upon Virgil, 1658, and a trans, of four books of the jEneid into English poetry, 1659. A col- lective ed. of his writings was pub. by "Toland in 1700, fol. ; a bettor ed. by Toland, Dubl, i737, fol. ; another ed., Lon.. 1747, fol. ; and the best one, by Thomas Brand Hollis, with the Life by Toland, in 1771, 4to. As an early supporter of political liberty in England, the name of Harrington will always be entitled to the respect of pos- terity, whatever nuiy be thought of the practicability of some of his speculations. " Harrington's Oceana w.as well adopted to that age, when the plans of imaginary republics were the daily sulgects uf debate and conversation; and even in our time it is justly admired as a work of genius and invention. The idea, however, of a perfect and im- mortal commonwealth will alw.ays be found as chimerical as that of a perfect and iainiortal man. The style of this author wants case and fluency ; but the good matter which his work contains makes compensation." — Hume's Hist, of Eug. "The only valuable model of a commonwealth that has yet been offered to the public.'' — Hume's £ssai/s and Treatises. ■■It is strange that Harrington, so little while ago, should be the brst man to find out so evident and demonstrable a truth as that of property being the true basis of power. Uis Oceana, allow- ing for the different situation of things, (.as the less number of Lords then, those Lords having no share in the Parliament, and the like.) is cei^tainly one of the best-founded political pieces that ever was writ.'" — De.^x Lockier. "Harrington, whose Oceana is justly regarded as one of the boasts of English literature."— Z)«oefore he began even to read Aristotle, or to imjuire into the Greek philoso- phy; and be was led to the consideiation of universal grammar by no fcootof the academic^-! cycle, either then or since, but by the Minerva of Sauctius. That Mr. Harris was a tardy student of philosophy is shown, perhaps, in his want of self-reliimcj^, in hia prejudiie in favour of authority — at least of ancient authority. But tmth is not the property of the old or of the new; ' non dum occuiiata,'— it frequently belongs to neither.'*— i^lB Wm. H.amilton : OrfiJid as it migJd he: Apptnd. to JJisoussions, t£c., 2d ed., Lon., lS5:i, 8vo. Mr. Harris's persona! character was most estimable: "The deep sense of moral and religious obligation which was habitual to him, and those benevolent feelings which were so great a happiness to his family and friends, had the same powerful in- fluence over his public as his piivate life." — Earl of M.\lmesbl'RT: Sup7'li. '• Mr. Harris's style is flat and heavy ; and Be. Johnson observed to Mrs. I'iozzi, that in the fourteen lines of which the dedication of the Hermes consists, there were no less than six grammatical faults."— XOH. Qtiar. Uev., Isxiv. 543 ; Mrs. Piozzi : Ante., p. 6. "At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease of learning in England, his lordship mentioned Heiines, by Mr. llarrjs of i^alisbury. as the work of a living author for whom he had a great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we were in our pnst-chaise. told me he thought Harris *a coxcomb.' " — BoswELL : Life of Johnmrn. Harris, James, M.P., first Earl of Malmesbury, 1746-1820, son of the preceding, educated at Merton Col- lege, Oxford, and at the University of Leydeu, was for many years ambassador frt>m Great Britain to Spain, Prussia, Russia, the Hiigue, and France, respectively. In 1843-44 his grandson, the third Earl, pub., in 4 vtds. Svo, his grandfather's Diaries and Correspondence, 1767-1809. "As to literary merit, the volumes have none at all. In his style, the son of the author of Hermes follows his father's example rather than his preiepts. It is flat and ungrammatical: and, what is more surprising, vulgar ' to a degree!' — to use one of his own slip-slop phrases — and we do not know that we ever read so many letters in which there was so little of that occasional orna- ment and relief which literature and wit can impart even to the diiest business." — Lon. Quar, Jii-v.. Ixxiv. 5ti8-544. His lordship was the author of an Introduction to the Hi>t. of the Dutch Republic. Harris, James, Algebraist's Assist., 1818. Harris, John. The Divine Physician; prescribing Rules for the cure of diseases as well of the Body as tho Soul, Lon., 1676, Svo. Harris, John, Rector of AVinchelsea. Animalcules in "Water; Phil. Trans., 16^)6. Harris, John, D.D., 1667-1719, the first compiler of a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences in England, educnted at St. John's Coll., Camb., became Rector of St. Mildred's, London, Perpetual Curate of Stroud, Preb. of Rochester, and Fellow-Secretary and Vice-President of the Royal Society. He died in great poverty. He pub. works on nat. hist., mathematics, and astronomy, serms., Ac, 1697- 1719, and the following compilations, by which he is best known : 1. Collection of Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1702, '05, Svo. New ed., revised and continued by Dr. John Campbell, 1744-48. 2 vols. fol. Consisting of above six hundred of the most authentic writers fnmi Columbus to Anson. This collection is compiled from Hakluyt, Pur- chas, Ramusio, Thevenot, De Bry, Herrera, Ac. '■ As to Harris's Collection, let any one inspect the curious con- tents only of the lirst volume, as exhibited by Mr. Harris in his valuable Catalogue of the Library of the Koyal Institulion,p. 2U0, and he will not hesitate a moment respecting the importance of the M-ork.'' — Dibdin''s Lib. Covi]). '■ It appears to have been got up in competition with Churchiirs Collection, but differs entiiely from that work, being a hi^tfjri/ of all the known voyages and travels, whereas Churchill's is a collec- tion of some particular relations and histories.' — liich's Bibl. Avicr. JSova. See Churchill, Ow'-NSHAM and John; Campbell, John, LL.D. ; Hakluyt, Richahp; Osborne, Thomas; Pink- ERTON, John. 2. Lexicon Technicum ; or, an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences : explaining not only the Terms of Art, but the Arts themselves, 2 vols, fob, 1704, Ac. 5 eds. appeared before 1741, when a Supp. was pub. This is the first of the respectable line of English Eney- clopicdias, of which the Sth edit, of the Encyclopedia Britannica, now (1858) in course of publication, is the last. See Bowyer's criticism on the terms Cyclopicdia and IIAR £,.cyclop«,din, in our life of Ephra.m Cha mbebs. 3 H,s torv of Kent ; containing its Topography. Civil and Eccles. Ilist &c , 1719, 2 vols. fol. Posth. Left incomplete, and verv'inaceurato' also, at his death. In 1C9SD,. Harris preached the course of Bojlo Lectures: see Boyle Lec- '"narr!;;- J^nf'lillh^P of Llandafi; 1729, d. 1738. ^XrAll'john^M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. . Harris John, D.D., a Dissenting div.ue, Pnnc.pal of Now cJuege, St. John's Wood, London, was born at uiorough, Devonshire, in 1804, and entered Hoxton Co^lle'e as a student of divinity in 1823 Ho preached for some time at Epsom, and in 1837 became Prof of Theology in Cheshunt College. On the occasion of tho amal- eamatinn, in 1850, of the Independent colleges of Il.gh- f urv Ilomerton, and Coward, into New Co lego Dr. Harris bc..;,u.e Principal of the Institute, and its Professor of Thcolo-v Dr Harris died December 21, ISob. As an author.'Di-. Harris attained a wide celebrity l>oth in Europe and America. 1. The Great Teacher, Lon. 1835 D 8vo. 2. The Christian Citizen; a !5erm.,cr.Syo. 3. Ihe Witnessing Church ; a Perm., Svo. 4. Britannia; or. The Condition^nd Claims of Seamen, 1837, Svo. New ed., 1853 D Svo. This obtained a prize of ±50. .-rhis is an excellent and powerful appeal in aid of the ohjec s of ibe BritM and foreign S, tors' Socnl,,. and we conp-.-itulate ?helocMv on having f™nd so able an advocate as Mr. Hams proves himself to be."— io>!.^V<"''i'.'"'«'!'.- ,„,. 6. Covetousness the sin of the Christian Church, 18.36, n Svo New ed., 1851, p. Svo. This essay obtained a Irnlol iTh^tired giiLas. About 90,000 to 100,000 copies have been sold to the present time. (ISob.) We have already alluded to the censure which it elici ed: see Ellabv, James, and A. S. Thelwall; Lon Presby erian Review, Aug. 1837. 6. Union; or. The Divided Church made One, 1836, p. Svo. New ed., 1851. p. Svo. " We cordially recommend the Essay to our readers. « /^PPrars to us mo,e than worth all the schemes of comprebens.nn th.it tave ever b"eT propounded, or all the henolicons or concordats that have ever been imagined."— ion. Eclectic Jiemw. -All the writings of Mr. Harris are excellent, and deservedly popi^ar. It is very lemark.^ble that they tend to elevate t\ie tone Kh' Man principle, and to Uindle and purify the zeal ol l.od s m-ofe"i.iK olopl, , more than those of any other I.vmi- author. That t Is obect has been undertaken by Mr Ilanis is to us Blatter of bi^h g.alilication. It is one very worthy of his mastei- Sud'^md onertbe claims of which be has rV^'^.r^ '"J^^'V™ tractive, if not in every part absolutely irresistible.' -ion. A«« *;"\^:"u.s'Iffto give it the most cordial recommendation, as a pr,,lucti,.n which^-vinces a bright intellect .a , nous disposilion, and a catholic and lovine spii it."-i"«- SapUd Jon of pa? ts to parts, is all hut perfect. The matenabs are ..klllolly selected : they are rich, varied, and appropriate. Nothing is want- in" that knowledge, research, or invention could supply. The work throughout bespeaks the Christian, the philosopher, the man of letters, and, rarest of all, the man of business. — i»". ■'^"It^is anfagnificent production. Comprehensive in plan: ad- mirable in arransemeut; elegant in diction ; happy m illust.ation; co"ent and conclusive in reasoning, and powerlul in appeal. It ?5 a volume which the church of Christ, if true to her interests and faithful to the responsibilities of her high vocation, never must never can, ■ willingly let die.' It is an honour to our country, "boon to our churches, a blessing to the world."-io-.. Chr,,Uan T"The Pre-Adamite Earth, 1847, Svo. New ed., 1850, Svo. This is the first of a series of which three works have been pub. See also Nos. 9 and 10- , . , " The work exhibits great research and power of analysis, clear and profound reasoning and demonstrations. The ""^Pt '^ made, and we think successfully, to show that there ,s a thenlogy in nature which is ultimately one with the theology of the liiblo. — io)i. Bililiad Ilepmittiry. i -i •„ "We estimate hi-lilv Dr. Harris's book. In many respects it is the best book of the kind we have seen. . . . To those who ,vill take the trouble to read it throu^.h, we feel assured that it lylll prove a source of instruction and elevating thought.' —Lon. AUmmnm. 9. Man Primeval, 1849, Svo. . ■• His ,-,-nious and beautiful illustrations of the successive laws of the lli> ine viaiiifestation have yielded us inexpressible delight. ~" We do 'not believe that in any treatise in our language man's relation to the system and order of things to which he belongs hasever been so fully and satisfactorily developed."-£i'«/(>(s Biblunnania^ ed. 184.;, 99. And see Dibdiii's Lib. rnni)) . ed. IS'J5. Harris, William A., M.D., U. S. Navy. A Practi- cal Manual on Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels ; trans, from the French, Phila. "This is an exrellent epitome of a large and important class of disea'ies. especially as t'l tli;t,rnosis." — Mrmo id 162 York. 1. Ihoughts on the Love of Christ, as manifested \ tMs is a Latin Reading-Book. ^Luor 'of Pemify'Vanfa Common School Journal fur 1844; Sartain's Mag.aiine for the Love of Christ, as manifested to a Lost World, 1851. ■• It has a vejy stinngly-marked experimental char.icter, and is fitted to be at once a guide to the ignorant and iniiuiriie-. and a welcome auxiliary to the .spirit that is struggling amidst the soi- rows and conflicts of the Christian life."— W.M. U. SPRAiiliE, ll.D. 2. Christ and Him Crucified the Sum and Substance of the Gospel, Ac, Albany, 1852. 3. Immannel's Land, 1852, 32mo. 4. Principles of Hydropathy. 1852. 5. Wan- derings of a Pilgrim. Ac, 1854. 6. The Most Eminent Orators and Statesmen of Anc and Mod. Times, N.Y., 1855, 8vo. " An interesting volume. The selections are characteristic and happy, and the crilical and expl.inatory suggestions and com- mentary useful and just."— RvFus Ciioate. 7. The Heavenly Token, 12mo. 8. Life of Charles Sum- ner, 12ino. Ed. Classical Library of Sacred Authors, to be completed in 24 vols., N. York. 12mo. Harsnet, Adam. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1630, 4to. Harsnet, Samuel, 1561-16:U, a native of Colchester, educaled at King's Coli, and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; Bishop of Chichester, 1609; trans, to Norwich, 1619- Archbishop of York, 1629. 1. Serm., 1584, Lon., \(m, 12mo. 2. A Discouery of the fraudulent Practices of John 1849, '50, and the first six months of 1851; the Iris, a very splendid annual for 1850. '51. and '52; White's Uni- versal History ; and many other works, to which his name has not been given. Professor Hart has contributed many articles to the Princeton Review, Graham's Magazine, and other periodicals. His Annual Reports of the Philadelphia High School for the last fifteen years would fill several volumes. Hart, Joseph, minister of the Grey Friars' Church, Edinburgh. 1. Trans, of Ilerodian's Hist, of his Own Times, 1749. Svo. Privately printed. In the preface to his hymns, Hart expresses much regret for this publica- tion. 2. Hymns, Ac, with the Author's Experience. 1759, 12mo. There have been modern eds. of Hart's hymns. See Dr. Johnson's Diary, April 22, 1764, in Bosnell's Life of .Johnson. Hart, Capt. L. W. Character and Costume of Afi'ghaunistan, Lon., 1843, imp. fol. With 26 plates on stone, by Haghe. Pub. at £4 4». Hart, Levi, D.D., minister of Preston, Conn., d. 1803 aged 69. Serms., 1774, 'S6, '89, 1S03. 11 AR HAR Hart, Levi, nna V. It. Osborn. The Works of P. Vir"-iUiH Maro, &e., wilh ar. Interlinear Translation, &c., .Bait, is:i3, 12mo. New ed., Pbila., 1855, 12mo. See Hamilton, Jamks. „ „, , , Hart, Oliver, 1723-1795, a minister of Charleston, S.C. a native of Pennsylvania, pub. several serms. and tracts, 17S'.I. io. „ , „r , <■ Harr, Richard. The Importance of the Word ot God ■ the substance of two Semis., lirist., 1767, 8vo. Hart, Uichard. Serm., 1804. Hart, Uichard, Vic.-ir of Catton. in the Diocese of Norwich. 1. Medulla Couciliorum, ic, 446-1548. Norw., 1833, 8vo. 2. Materialism Refuted. 3. Eccles. Records of Eng., Ireland, and Scot., from the 5th Cent, to the Keform., 2d ed., Camb., 1846, 8vo. "This work is a digest of tbe contents of Wilkins and ?pel- man's Concilia, arrant'ecl under vaiioua heads, and illustrated with notes exbibiling considerable researcli."— i""i/iisA Ilcvicui. Hart, Sir William, Lord Chief-Justice of Scotland. Examination, Ac. of G. Sprot, Lon., 1608, 4to. This tract, relatin.;: to the Govvry Conspiracy, is reprinted in vol ix. of the Harlcian Miscellany. Hart, William, minister of Saybrook, Conn., pub. several tbe"lo!;. treatises. 1759-72. Hart, William. Alexis the Tyrant; a Tale, 1812, 12m«. Hart, William Neville. The CJoodness of God; a Poem, and Pinu.s Meditations, Lon., 1808, 8vo. Hartclitl'e, John. Serms., Ac, 1634-95. Harte, George. Needfulnesso of Peace in Fraunce, ic, Lon., 1575. Svo. Trans, from the French. Harte, Walter, b. about 1700. d. 1774, w.as educated at Marlborough School, and at St. Mary's Hall, Oxfonl, of which he became Vice-Principal; Canon of Windsor. 1751 ; subsequently Vicar of St. Austel and of St. Blazy, Corn- wall. 1. Poems on Several Occasions, Lon., 1727, '39, 8vo. 2. Essay on Satire, p.articularly on the Dunciad, 1730, Svo. 3. Essay on Reason, 1735, fol. To this essay Pope was a contributor. 4. The Union of Reason, Morality, and Re- vealed Religion ; a Serm., 1737, 8vn. This passed through five eds. 5. A Fast Serin., 1740. 6. The Hist, of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, surnamed the Great, 1759, 2 vols. 4to; 1767, 2 vols. 8vo; 1807, 2 vols. r. Svo. This work was trans, into German, with a Pref., Notes, and Corrections, by John Gottlieb Bohme. '■ Johuson much commended bim as a scholar, and a man of the most companionable talents he had ever known, lie said the defects iu his History proceeded not from iuibeeility. but from foppery. ... It was unluekv in comini; out on the same day as Robertson's History of Scotland. . . . Mr. Kliot said it was a very good book in the German translation." — BosweU's Life of Dr. Johnson. "A work strongly commended by Lord Chesterfield on the score of matter. The style is literally execrable." — Dittdiiis Lib. Comp. Robertson's Hist, of Scotland was pub. a month before this, but Hume's House of Tudor came out in the same week. "George Ilawkios, his bookseller, we are told, somelimes objected to his uncouth words or phrases, while the woi-Ii was in the press; but Ilarte refused to change them, and used to add, with a com- placent sneer, 'George, that's what we call wiitiug!'" "The life of this extraordinary man [Gustavus Adolphus] has been written by Mr. Harte with great activity of research, and a scrupulous examination of his materials, which are understood to be the best, though they are not suffleieiitly particularized. The book will disappoint the re-ader: Mr. Harte writes often with sin- gularly bad taste, and never with any masterly display of his sub- ject ; but it may be compared with Coxe, and must be considered." —Pi-of. Smyth's Leds. rm ihd. Hist. 7. Essays on Husbandry, 1764, Svo; 1770, Svo. " His husbandry is good." — Dr. Johnson : BoswdVs Lift of Johnson. "This is tbe book of a scholar and a gentleman; and is attractive from the variety and interest of the sul'jects treated of, its learn- ing, and good taste." — ^fcCtlllnclt's Lit. of I'olit. Bjon. "With very few exceptions, distinguished for perspicuity of style, and far more elegance thau that subject is generally sup- posed to admit." "The essays have always been reckoned good; our own opinion can say nothing of them." — Donatdson's Afjririitt. Biog. 8. The Amaranth, 1767. The poems in this vol. are illustrated by extracts from the Fathei-s. 9. Essay on Painting. "So much knowledge of the art, and acquaintance with the works of the most eminent painters, argues a taste surprising at his early age." See Chesterfield's Letters and Miscellanies ; BosweU's Life of Johnson; Bowles's ed. of Pope; Johnson and Chalmers's English Poets, ISIO, 21 vols.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet; Gent Mag. liarte, William Marshall, Examining Chaplain to Dr. Coleridge, Bishop of Barbadoes, and Rector of St. Lucy. 1. Practical Serms., Lon., 1S39, 12mo. 2. Loots. on the Gospel of St Matt, 1831-34, 2 vols. 12mo. " These very useful lectures were originally preached to a con- crcation of Negroes; thev are eminently characterized by sim- plicity of language, yet wifh.mt debasing the importance of the subjects discussed by improper familiarity of expression. —Homes Bill. Bill. Hartford, Frances, Countess of, afterwards Duchess of Somerset Her Corresp. with Henrietta Louisa, Countess of Pomfret. 1738-41, la.n., 1SII5, 3 vols. 12uio. Hartgill. or Hartgyll, George. 1. Generall Calen- dars; or, Astron. Tables, Lon., 1594, fol. 2. Astron. Ta- bles, 4t.i. Hartlantl. Intestate's Personal Estate, 1|9S. Hartley, David, M.D., 1705-1757, a native of Arm- ley, Yorkshire, was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, of which he became Fellow. He settled as a physician first at Newark, afterwards at Bury-.St-Edmund's, subse- itly at London, and finally at Bath. He pub. soni- quent.^ — . .- ■ , tracts upon Mrs. Stephens's famous medicine for the stone, —of which ho was a victim,— and some other professional treatises, but is best known by bis Observations on ^Man, his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations, Lon., 1749, 2 vols. Svo. Repub. by his son, 1791, 4to, with Notes and Additions, from the German of H. A. Pistorius, Rector of Poseritz, in the L-land of Rugen, and a sketch of the Life and Character of Dr. Hartley. Again, with additions, by Dr. Joseph Priestley, 1801, 3 vols. Svo. " This is the most valuable edition of this excellent work. — Dr. t*HIESTi,l-.Y. „ In 1775, Svo, appeared Hartley's Theory of the Human Mind, on the Principle of the Association of Ideas; with Essays relating to the Subjects of it, by Joseph Priestley, LL.D. Again, 1790, Svo. Hartley's philosophical theory "Re-ards the brain, the nerves, and the spinal marrow, as the diiect instruments ot sensation. External objects, he conceives, excite vibrations in these medullary cords, which vibrations, once communicated, are kept up by a cert.iin elastic tiuid called ether. Afterasuffieientrepetitionof these vibrations, the sens.ations leave behind them types and images of themselves. Frequent repetition excites association, and association hi its turn imparts to any one idea the power of exciting all the related ideas,— a power which belongs likewise to the vibratiundes and their miniature images. Upon'this piinciple and theory of association, he attempts to ac- count for all the phenomena of the mental constitution of man. The hypothesis of vibrations, it is well known, has been completely overthrown by Haller's demonstration that there can he no such thing as vibrations in the nervous system. Priestley endeavours to prove that Hartley was a materialist like himself; but Hartley "dreaded nothing so much" as this imputation, though certainly he is to be read with caution, and cannot be proposed as a sound guide in theology. As regards his obligations as a philosopher to Newton, Locke, Gay, and even to Aristotle, and how far he concurs with Hobb'es, can be ascertained by an exami- nation of the authorities referred to below. As an expo- sitor of the •' Law of Association" — we use the term Laio not without scruple— Hartley is certainly entitled to some credit, and he has been fully paid. We quote some opi- nions respecting his philosophical speculations as displayed in the Observations on Man : "Something was done in this field of knowledge by Descartes, very much by Mr. Locke, but most of all by Dr. Hartley, who has thrown more useful light upon tbe theory of tbe mind, than New- t..n did upon the theory of the natural world."— Dr. Priestlei : McmurliS on Rtid, BoMit, and OsviaU, 1774. ".lohnson, one day, observing a blend of his packing up two volumes of Observations on Man, written by this good and great man. to take into the country, said, ' Sir. you do right to take Dr. Hartley wilh you; Priestley said of bim. that be bad learned more from Hartley than bom any book he bad ever read, except the Bible.' "—BoswdVs Life of Johnson. " Hartley has investigated the principle of Association more deeply, explained it more accurately, and applied it more usefully, thau even his great and venerable predecessor, Mr. Locke." — Dr. 1'arr: Serm. on Education^XTii. "The writer who has built most upon Ilobbes, and m.iy bo reckoned, in a certain sense, the commentator, if he who fully explains and developes a system may deserve that name, was Hartley."- aii'tam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, q. i). " That there is great value to be attached to much which Hartley has drawn from the law of association, and that he has aftorded an explanation of many phenomena, before very imperfectly un- derstood, cannot be denied. The very ardour, however, with which he threw himself into his system, and the very closeness with which ho analvzed the facts in the case, necessarily imparted a one-sidedness to his philosopbv, and led to the neglect of some other facts equally important."— .W'>r.H's Hist, of Mml. Phdos. \ " It is the tirst attempt to join the study of intellectu.il m.an to that of physical man."— C'o<' ™°"'"-y. •"'^•y l'="-^ been in- 6 umeiital in spreading a set of speculative tenets very nearly allied to that sentimental and fantastical modification of Spinoz- ism which for many years past has prevailed so much and pro- duced such mischievous effects in some parts of Germany "— DnoALD STtWART : ls( Prelim. Dissert, to E„cyc. Brit. Bishop AVatson reprinted in his Collection of Tracts one on the Truth of the Christian Religion, prefaced by the remark : ■' " This tract is printed from the second volume of Dr. Tfartley's Observations on Man; it is written wilh sin^-ular closeness of ;?„hS .•■ ""« ,v *'" ""'I'^'-s'M'i """St be read with great at- tention. — Bishop Watson. ConsuJt autliorities cited above; and see also Life by his son, prefixed to his Observations on Man, ed U'U 4to- r Ir'^i^of";''' ""t"'" I"'<-'ll"'t'"'l Powers; BlaUev'sHist; f. fi"''- ^h'"^;,V ^'■- ^- '*^'illi-™^'s Christian Preacher, ed. 184u.p 337; Watsons Ilisf. of Halifax; Cunninghiim's Biog. llist. of England ; Chalmers's Bio.'. Diet Hartley, David, M.P., d. at Bath, in ISl.'J, a^ed 84 a son of the preceding, was one of the plenipotentiaries appointed to treat with Dr. Franklin, the American am! bassador at Pans. Some of his letters will be found in Frankhn s Correspondence. Hartley possessed some scien- ific knowledge, and was the author of several inven- tions. He pub. some political tracts. Letters on the Anicncan War (to which he was opposed.) Ac., 1776-94 the""m!nJn't,-'Li^:'l"840°l't:"'' '° '^™S-=''"''- - Hartley, James. Two Discourses, Lon., 1775, 8vo. omni F M,l,' f "t"* '^•■""'''.S''? "»iversalis Librorum in oiuni ia ultate Linguaque msignium et rarissimorum, nu.^'iV*'*' ■'"''"■ ^'"^^''y'^"'''' Ordination, Ac, \\l\\\ll' ??■?■''''• ''''■''•'■ Q"^^*""'^. Lon., 1799, Svo. TJ„,,h 7' ;.'""'"»»' 1 '07-1784, Rector of Winwick, Mv tic^'^ r''"'""' >""'■ •"•■"'■'O^ "^ Enthusiasm, the Sis 7 q'V'T '^r"^'- *'^- ""d trans, some of the writings of Swedenborg into En^Ii«h Hartlib, Samuel, the son of a Polish merchant emigrated to London in the 17th century, and engaged in a mercantile agency. He was a man of great public spirit, much practical wisdom, and greatly esteetned ly his contemporanes. Milton addressed to him his Tractate hL Tw T;."""" ";"• Sir Wm. Petty inscribed to him Two Letters on the same subject, 1647, ic • and there are other such evidences of the high respect in which he was held at home and abroad. He was the author of some theologK^al and educational treatises, and several works on husbandry were pub. in his name. Those wMch ^^r^e^ritr'ryth'erf"'''''^-" '"^ ^'^' "'"'^■'^ ^°"-t PlanL':. Ll":T45'"'""t"'l T " ''"'"'",' ''■"' ment of the above! l'6/l''5t;55,'4t^'^°"!^fh:Ve?S Husbandman, 1651. 4to. 4. Ess-V on the Advancement Husbandry and Learning, &c., 1651, 4to. 5. The Com plete Husbandman, 1659, 4to. He pub. two trcaUses- Vart„':°s''Mi^t7n"c"'' Silk-Worm' in Virginia lee IT art™ s Milton; Censura Literaria; Gent. Mag., Ix.vii Bbg ' ^'"^^ "" Sericulture ; Donaldson's AgricuU: Hartman, George. Medical works, 1682, '96, both Svo bee DiGBv, ,Sik Kenelm. ' 16M.'*""*'' **"'■''"• Earthquake, Ac; Phil. Trans., nart.shorii, C. W. N. Eng. .Sheriff, 1844, 12mo. fol "' Commercial Tables, Bost., 1853, Le^".''';'"""';' Thomas C. Trans, of J. P. p. Do and":ddii';ri,.'",?:,^;;:,t'^,"-^' Magnetism; with Notes Hartshorne, Caroline Ellen. For You Know HarUhor;;''' «'"' ''^ '''"""le. Bost., ISM, 18mo triJarx'i^rLTn' ?'svo''"o"rh^ f\\ ^"^^"' ^^'^ 796 ' ^ - '■^'^ ^""^ Rarities iu the HAR Univ. of Cambridge; illust. by Orig. Letters and Notea, Biug. Lit. and Antitp, 1829, Svo. ••'niis interesting bibliographical book contains letters of Far-' mer 8teevens,*c., CapelPs Shaksperiana complete, a list (the only b^torVFrtSiar--''"' ""'"'""^ '"^'"""""''' '° '"^ '''"--"^ 3. f'M'in Antiqua, 1841, Svo, and large paper. 4. Sepulchral Remains in Northamptonshire, 1841 Svo 5 Hist. Memorials of Northampton. 1848, 12mo. See Dibl dm s Lib. Comp,, ed. 1825, 672, 673, 690 Hartshorne, Edward, M.D., b. 1818, in Philadel- phia, a «'n of the distinguished physician of the same mT' , ,■ ?^'"''<^"' Jurisprudence, by Alfred S. Taylor, M.D.; 3d Amer. from the 4th Eng. ed., with Notes and References to Amer. Decisions, Phila., 1854. r Svo 4th Amer. from the 6th Eng. ed., 1856, r. 8yo. These eds. em- brace the notes of Dr. R. E. Griffith to the former Amer. ed., and some new matter. " So Well is this work known to the members both of the medi- " ftat"it C'-lfl.T''"'""''- "■;.'' =" '■'""'^ "^ " "PP'-eciated byt^em, ^,n iU b • " T'T'^ f" "S •" "ay a word in its conimendj nos i'bi. r •-' "'.'■■'^.^.vieached a fourth edilion being the best fectdthe nr"-''''!"'^*'""''- ''^"= •■"'"""■ h.'.s obviously sub- ■ '*S-!, W°!':i?cr''' "" " '"' '^"'"^ revision."-£„(. and For. 2. Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery, by T. Wharton Jones; 2d Amer. from the 2d Eng. ed.. with'addits., 1856, l-'mo. 3. Contributions to the Amer. Jour, of the Medical Sciences, the Phila. Medical Examiner, and the Phila. Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy. Four numbers (pub. in 1848-49) of the last-named periodical were edited by Dr. H., and several of the articles written by nim. His contributions to the medical journals above noticed were written at various periods from 1840 to tho present time. ■ "'','''**'»<""ne, Henry, M.D., brother of above, b. 1823 mlhila. l.-\Vaterr. Uydropatby,-Thesi5 on water in Its true relations to medicine, Phila., 1S17. •> Contribu tions to Am. Jour. Med. Sci., and to Phila. Med. Exam! i il^i a""-^ "° ""^ Arterial Circulation; Transac. of Am. Med. Association, 1856. ■ H'»'t'*h'>"'e5 Joseph, M.D., father of above, b. 1779 in Alexandria, Va. 1. First Am. ed. of Buyer's Lectures On DK^cases of the Bones; arranged by Richeraud and translated by Dr. FaiTell, London ; with an Appendix and additiona plates by S. H., Phila., 1805. 2. Contributions of Phila " I^'=P"t"ry, and the Medical Recorder, both Hartston, Hall. Youth; a Poem, Lon., 177.3, 4to. See Hauston, H.ill. > • > »>■"• Hartstonge, Matthew W. Poet, works, 1813-16. 1 .??%"'",'; ^.""■iha"'. Regina Literata, Ac, Lon., *r„v;i .■ i.°o" ," P"''- ^""^^ "■ai's'ations from history travels, Ac, 159a-] 603, and was the author of some an£ quar.an papers on Mottos and Epitaphs, in Hearne's Col- lec, ii { \, 1. ^oy ; II. 375. f o^^i'^-f'?' *J*'»''Se, M.D. Sea Bathing and Sea Air, i.on., lbo3, Ip. Svo. tio;r'^r';;^"''^,^ ""' '"'*°"- °f bathers of an descrip. 2d""l8]7,'8v"!-' ''■"*• ^^■""*"^' ^<'°- '''-^- 8™.- Harty, Wm. Assumpsit, Ac, Dubl., 1842, Svo r„Tl p'^'i ' ^«=,'":S<=' d. 1776, Fellow of Magdalen Coll., Camb., and Rector of Drayton, Middlesex. 1 ic^lVH Svo."'' "" '• '""" "' '""'' ''"'"''' ^-'• the1;"°aL"'bij7,irJ™';'n f'-^""^^".''' '^hich do honour to CWhm; 7?c'. " ^"'^ ""^ "PP™''^''!''" of posterity.-'-Xo;;. Harvest, Wm. Trans, of Fauchet's Discourse on the Liberty of France, Lon., 1789, Svo Harvey, D. W. Public Amusements, 1805. EniJlT^,''^ «-abriel, LL.D,, 1545?-1B30? an excellent English and Latin poet, equally well known as the friend ChHVsp'ir'' ''' i'^'^ 'ii""'^ "<■ N''^''' ™^ 'Educated at in 1 «. ? """ r'' "' P^^ibroke Hall, Cambridge, and in 1585 became Doctor of Laws. The following ^r; hi, principal English publications .—1. Three proper and wiieiamiliar Letters: lately passed betweene two Vni- n "V^"n ^™-- '*^''' ■"»• ^"''- Anglo-Poet., 344, Wn-„r 9 \;"''"''^y ™«° were himself and Edmund 4to. Bib . Anglo-Poet, £25. Reprinted in the Arehaica Ihis contains many litenary notices of his contempora- ries, and IS therefore of great value to the antiquary, f'^f .7' Supererogation : or, anew Prayse of the Old Asse, 1593,410. 4. A New Letter of Notable Contents, 1593, 4to. ihe two last, bound in one vol., produced, at tho Bindley s sale, £17 17». Tho same vol. is now (1856) lUR HAR offered by Mr. Joseph Lilly, of London, for £8 IS^. 5(/., ' the resignation of Dr. Prujean, Harvey was unanimously exactly one-half. Harvey's poem of Hobhinol, prefixed noniin;ttud as his successor in the Presidency of the Col- to Spenser's Faerie Queene, has been highly praised. ; lege of Physicians; hut his advanced age and bodily in Harvey was fond of using the Latin versification '" *^ """ '"'' ' '" English poetry, and exerted his influence with his illus- trious friend to induce him to follow his example : " I like your KugHsli Hexameters so well, that I also enure my pen sometimes in that kiud."' — Kdmund Si'EiNSer : in a letter to Respecting Harvey, bis publications and his literary quarrels, see Athen. Oxon. ; M'ebhe's Discourse of Eng. Poets; Berkcnhout's Biog. Lit. ; Boloe's Anec. of Lit., Ac; Todd's Life of Spenser; AVarton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; Drake's Shakspeare and his Times; Disraeli's Calamities of Authors; Brit. Bibliographer; Censura Literaria ; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe ; Archaica; Bibb Anglo-Poet.; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.; "Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. *-His [Woblie's] taste is better showu in his praise of Spenser for the iShepberds Kalendar, than of Gabriel Harvey for his re- formation of our English verpe; that is. by fiTcins; it into uncouth Latin measures, which Webhe has himself most unhappily at- tempted." — If'iUam's Lit. Hist, of Eiirop''. "The literature and moral character of Harvey were hijihly respectable; but he was vain, credulous, affected, and pedantic"' — Urake^s Shaksj-eurc and his Tiims. Harvey, George. Otsian's Fingal rendered into English Verse, Lon., 1814, Svo. Harvey, George. Matheniat. con. to Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1817. Harvey, Gideon, M.D., d. IVOO, Physician of the Tower of London fur above fifty years, pub. a number of profess, works, 1605-99. He carried on an active war with the College of Physicians. '■His Medical Treatises have never been in any esteem. Haller Btvles him Aspeh Homo; and certainly the general character of his Writings is asperity." — Wall's BiUh Brit., q.v. Harvey, H., b. 1821, in England. Memoir of the Rev. Alfred Bennett, N. York, lSo2. 12mo. Harvey, James. Prognostical Signs of Acute Dis- eases, Lon., 17lifi, '20, Svo. Harvey, James. Orders, &c. for Justices of the Peace. Lon., MW?,, ';U, '51. 12mo. Harvey, Jane. Novels, 1S02-U. Harvey, John, a younger brother of Gabriel and Kichard Harvey, pub. some astrolog. treatises, Lon., 1584-88. Harvey, John. 1. Hist, of Robert Bruce, Edin., 1729. 4to. 2. Poems and Letters. 1720, 12ino. Harvey, Richard, a brother of Gubriol and John Harvey, pub. an astrolog. Discourse, Lon., 1583, Svo, and some other treatises, 1583-93. Harvey, Kichard, Preb. of St. Paul's, Rural Dean and Rector of llornsey, Mii-ldlescx. Serm., Mark ii. 27, 28. The Christian entitled to Legal Protection in the Observance of the Lord's Day. The sermon we never read, but the subject is an excellent one. When Sir John Barnard was chief-magistrate of London he "made the runagates continue in scarceness." Harvey, T. Cyphering-Buok, 1S14. 4to. Harvey, Thomas. Trans, of John Owen's Latine Epigrams. Lun.. 1677. 12mo. Harvey, Rev, Thomas. Appeal to Lord John Russell, M.P., against the proceetlings of the Bp. of Lon- don, Lon., 1847. Svo. Harvey, W. C. Poems, 1818. Harvey, WilHam. Serms.. 1657-1705. Harvey, WiUiam, M.D., 1578-1057, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, a native of Folkestone, Kent, was educated at Cains College, Cambridge, and sub- sequently studied anatomy at Padua under the celebrated Fabricius ab A'luapcndente. In 1002 he returned to England; in 1015 was appointed Pr. Harwood, John. Advice to Members of Pari., 1812, 8vo. 798 Har^vood, John Edninnd, an actor, who came to Philadelphia with Wignell's company in 1793, pub. a vol. of poems in N. York in 1809. See Dunlap's Hist, of the Amer. Sta;:ce. Harwood, Richard. Serms., 1644, '45. ilarwood, Thomas. 1. The Death of Dion ; a Trag., Oxf, 1787, 8vo. 2. Annot. on Genesis, Lou., 1789, 8vo. A compilation from various authors, "Which, if not a brilliant, may in some degree be considered as a useful, performance."' — Lon. Month, liev.. A' .^.. iv. 106. 3. Alumni Etonenses, 1443-1797, 4to, 1797. " Harwood's book is not reckoned of much authority beyond the mere records which he copied." — Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 4. Hist, of Christ, 1798, 12mo. 5. Grecian Antiquities, 1801, 8vo. 6. Geography, 1804, 12mo. Harwood, Rev. Thomas. I. Hist, and Antiq. of Lichfield, Gloucester, 1806, 4to. 2. Survey of Stafford- shire, 8vo. Harwood, Uriel. 1. Discourses from English Di- vines, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Additional do., Svo. Harwood, Wm., M.D. Curative Influence of the Southern C"ast of England, Lon., sm. Svo. " An instriiclive and verv useful work." — Lmi. Xeiv Times. Hascard, Gregory, D.D., d. 1708, Rector of St. Michael's, Queen-Hithe. London, 1669; Rector of St. Clement Danes, 1678; Dean of Windsor, 1700. Serms. and a Discourse, Lou., 1668-96. See Gibson's Preserv., ii. 82. Haselden, Thomas. Method of Keeping a Journal at Sea; revised and corrected, with addits., by A. Smith, Glasg., 1788, 4to. Haseldon, W. S. Sails for "Windmills, 1807, Svo. Haskel, R. ill. Memoir of Frances E. H. McLelJan, with a sclectiun from her Letters, N. York, 18o6. Haskey, Henricws. Disputatio inaug. de Ferro, ejusque in Morbis curandis, usu, Edin., 1777, 8vo. Haskins, Mrs. Elizabeth, of Rhode Island, col- lected the Literary Remains of her brother, John Brown Ladd, which were pub., with a sketch of the author's life, by W. B. Chittenden in 1832, N. York, 12mo. Haskins, John. The Battle of Waterloo; a Poem, Lon., 1816, 8vo. Hastam, John, M.D., Apothecary to Bethlehem Hospital. 1. Observ. on Insanity, Lon., 1798, Svo; 2d ed., enlarged and corrected, 1809, 8vo. *' Kead Haslam on Insanity. This dreadful visitation he as- cribes not to a false perception or morbid intensity, but to a wiong association, of ideas. There surely, however, must be more in it than this. I once asked a professional pentleman, who had particular opportunities of experience on the subject, whether he always found the brain of maniacs in a preternatural or disordered st^te. He said that he frequently, peihaps gene- rally, did ; but that in many cases where the faculties were most completely deranged, that orj:an had every appearance of being in a perfectly sound and healthy condition." — Green's -Diary of a Lover of Lit., June 5, 1798. 2. Illustrations of Madness, 1810, Svo. 3. Moral Ma- nagement of Insane Persons, 1817. 4. Contributions on Sound Mind, Svo. See Burrows, G. Maxn, M.D. 5. Medical Jurisprudence as it relates to Insanity, according to the Law of England, 1818. See Forsyth, J. S., and authors there referred to. 6. Letter to the Governors of Bethlehem Hospital, containing an acct. of their Manage- ment of that Institution for the last twenty years, IS18, Svo. Haslam, Wm, Perpetual Curate of St. Michael's, Baldiu. 1. Perran-Zabuloe ; or, The Lost Church. New ed., Lon., 1844, fp. Svo. 2. The Cross and the Serpent, Oxf.. 1849. ]2mo. Haslehurst, George. Penmaen Mawr, and Day- break ; Poems, Lon., 1849, p. Svo. Haslem, Wm. Saunders, M.D. Inquiry into the causes of the extraordinary addition to the number of the Insane, 1811. Svo. Haslerigg, Sir Arthur. 1. Speech in Pari., Lon., 1642, 4to. 2. Letter to a Member of the late Par].,1659,4to. Hasleton, Richard. Strange and wonderful things happened to Rd. Hasleton, borne at Braintrec, in Esses, in his ten yeares Trauailes in many forraine countries. Penned as he delivered it from his owne mouth, Lon., 1595, 4to. Haslcwood, Francis. Serms., Lon.. 1720-21. Haslcwood, John, D.D. Serms., 1701-07, all 4to. Haslewood, Joseph, 1769-18:13, a native of and solicitor in London, was well known for many years to all thorough-paced bibliomaniacs, as an intelligent and zeal- ous editor of reprints of the works of old English poets. Notices of these edits., and of periodicals to which Mr. H was a contributor, will be found scattered through our pages: see Bernkrs, Juliana; Baldwin, William; Brathwait. KicHAnn; Brydges, Sir Samukl Egerton; and other names in this Dictionary. A list of works HAS (twenty-five in number) with which Mr. Haslewood was connected, either as sole or joint author, and as contri- butor, will be found in a biographical notice of this gen- tleman in Gent. Mag., Nov. 1833, 407-468. See also Dibilin's Bibliomania, his Bibliographical Decameron, his Library Companion, and his Literary Keminiscences. Dr. Dibdin protests earnestly against the portrait of Haslewood, drawn in the London AlhcHwum, (1S34, pp. 1. 28, 45, and 00.) in the four amusing papers entitled The Roxburghe Revels, MS. Haslewood, Wm. Legal publications, Lon., 1814-29. Hasloch, John. Scrm., Lon., 1819, 8vo. Hassan, Arthur Hill, M.D. 1. Hist, of British Fresh-Water AlgiB, Lcn., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Microscopic Anat. of the Iluman Body, 1849, 2 vols. Svo ; 2d ed., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. " We have rarely met with a work in whirh the debatable and scattered points of a new science have been more sensibly argued, or more judiciously combined into something nearly approaching to the perfection of a complete system."— ion. Mfd. GazttU, "The plates are beautifullv executed and coloured, and convey a perfect idea of the objects » hich they are intended to illustrate." — Lrm. Lancet. 3. Microscopical Exam, of Water supplied to London, 1850, Svo. 4. Food and its Adulterations, 1855, Svo. See Longman's Notes on Books, May, 1855, 9-10. " We do not doubt or deny the good services which Dr. Ilassall has rendei ed to the public ; but we tremble either to eat or drink after his book h.is come into our bands. We look askance at the innocent grocer, the virtuous and respectable milkman. The wretches! — have they not been poisoning us secretly in their back- parlours? — mixing one knows not what abominations in our milk parlours : — uiiAiuti uuc miu,, ^ i.v.„ ,.ij.,, «■-"■..■. .-■ _ — ... j ■ i • and in our tea? Yet the tea and the milk, where can we get high crimes and misdemeanours (committed in bis o HAT Lon., 1598, Svo. 2. Apologie for the preceding, IfiOO, 4to. Other works. See Athen. Oxon.; Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. Hastings, Francis Rawdon. See Moira, Earl. Hastings, Henry James, Rector of Areley, King's. 1. Parochial Serins. . Lon., 1845-10, 2 vols. Svo. 2. The Whole Armour of God : in four Serms., 1848, fp. Svo. Hastings, John, M.D., Senior Physician to the Blenheim Street Free Dispensary. 1. Pulmonary Con- sumption healed with Naphtha, 2d ed., Lon., 1845, Svo. '■ If experience proves the correctness of these statements. Dr. Hastings will be considered a benefactor to the human race." — Dr. Johnson's Renew. 2. Diseases of the Larynx and Trachea, 1850, Svo. 3. Special Treat, of Pulmon. Consumption and Uooping- Cough, 1854, p. Svo. Hastings, T. Vestiges of Antiquity; or, a Series of Etchings, ic. of Antiq. in Canterbury, 1813, imp. fol. Hastings, Thomas. Poem, 1778, 4to. Hastings, Thomas, an American author, has pub. several collections of music for churches, schools, Ac, some of them in conjunction with Wm. B. Bradbury, and other works relating to Musical Taste, &c. Hastings, Warren, 1733-1818. Governor of Bengal, a wicked and unscrupulous tyrant, has been already suffl- ciently noticed in these columns in our lives of EliMCSD BiBKE, and George Robert Gleig. He was the son of a clergyman ; was educated at Westminster School ; entered the East India Company as a writer in 1750; became Governor-General of Bengal in 1774; was arraigned for icial substitutes for them, — we. who can neither height Chinamen nor keep a dairy ?"' — lilackit'00(rs Mng., Aug. 18.'i5. HassaiU, Charles. General View of the Agricult. of the Co. of Carmarthen, Lon., 1794, 4to. 2. General View of the Agricult. of the Co. of Pembroke, 1794, 4to. " Present nothing of particular aotice."—Donaldsm's Agricult. Biorr. Hassel, Richard. Lath in a man's eye; Phil. Tr.ans., 1748. Hasselgrcw, Nicholas. Swedish Pan. See Ben- jamin Stillingfleet's Tracts on Nat. Hist.. Ac, p. 339. 1762. Hassell, J. 1. Tour of the Isle of Wight, Lon., 1790, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Guide to Bath, 1793, Svo. 3. Beauties of Antiquity, 1806. 4. Life of Geo. Morl-and, 1806, r. 4to. He also pub. some works on drawing, 1S09, '11. Hasset-Blener, Thomas. See BlenerHasset. Hasolle, James, ;. c Ashniole, Elias, q. v. Hasted, Edward, a native of Ilawley, Kent, 1732- 1812, was the author of the following valuable work: The Hist, and Topog. Survey of the County of Kent, Can- terb., 1788-99, 4 vols. fol. "£jr Ills omnibus, longe sunt humanissimi gwiCantium incolunt, Fm'Us creantur /ortibus el bonis, Ncc imbeilem feroces jirogenerant.^ Second ed., improved, corrected, and continued to the present time, 1797-1801, 12 vols. Svo. This work is now scarce and high in price. It is the result of labour ex- tending over a period of forty years. " The wliole exhibits more research than taste, either in arrang- ing the information, or in style: and it is very defective in notices of manners, arts, or biographical and literary history. Its highest praise is that of a foithful record of the property of the country, and of its genealogical history." See Gough's "Topog. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Gent. Mag., (written by Halsted himself,) vol. Ixxxii. Hasted contributed a paper Concerning Chestnut-Trees to Phil. Tr.ans., 1771. Hastings, Lady Flora, 1806-1839, Lady of the Bedchamber to the Duchess of Kent, was the eldest daugh- ter of Fr.ancis, Marquis of Hastings. The melancholy circumstances connected with her untimely death have caused her name to be widely known and held in kindly remembrance both in Europe and America. She was an accomplished scholar, and the author of some poetical compositions of considerable merit. A vol. of her Poems, collected by herself, was pub. by her sister after her decease; new ed., Lon., 1841, fp. 8vo. " In Lady Flora's dramatic fi-agmeuts especially, there is a true power, which, had it continued to be cultivated, might have pro- duced great things; and many of her original lyrics, as The Bainbow, The Cross of Constantine, The Street of tlie Tombs, as well as her translations from the German and Italian, are replete with spirit and gr;ice." — Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half- Century. 8ee also Eclec. Rev.. 4th S., ix. 572. Hastings, Francis, Earl of Huntingdon, trans., at the request of his uncle-in-law, Cardinal Pole, Osorius de Nobilitate, and Osorius de Gloria. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. Hastings, Sir Francis, son of the preceding. 1. A Watchword to all religious and true-hearted EuglishmeD, capacity) in 1786; and, nine years after the commence- ment of proceedings, was acquitted in the House of Lords, in 1795. Those who desire to know more of his history must peruse his life by the Rev. G. R. Gleig; a review of this work by T. B. Macaulay in Edin. Rev., Ixxiv. 160- 255; the works of Edmund Burke; the account of the Trial pub. by Hastings himself. (Debates of the House of Lords, Ac, 1797, 4to:) the periodicals, ic. of the day. Hastings was the author of several publications relating to the East India Company, fugitive poetry, essays, Ac. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Blackwood's Mag., xii. 134; xvii. 7, 343 ; XX. 201, 20S, 326, 329, 486 ; xxxiv. 319, c( scq. ; xxxvii. 857; xl. 71 ; xlix. 423, 638 ; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xviii. 619. 693. Haswell, Charles H. 1. The Engineer's and Me- chanic's Pocket Book, N. York, 1850. 2. Mechanics' Tables. 185B. 12mo. 3. Mensuration, N. Tork, 1S58, 12mo. Haswell, Susannah. Victoria, Lon., 1786, 2 vols. 12mo. Exhibits examples of filial piety. Hasworth, H. H. The Lady of the Cave ; a Novel, 1802, 3 vols. Hatch, John. A word of Peace from the Prince of Peace to the sons of peace, Lon., 1646, sm. Svo. With a Preface by Saltmarsh. Hatchard, T. Goodwin, Rector of Havant. 1. The German Tree; a Moral, Lon., 1851, ISmo. 2. Food for my Flock: Serins, preached in Havant Church, 1854. Hatchcll, John. Taafec Downes, Dubl..l815,fp.8vo. Hatchell, John P. Trial of E. Sheridan, 1812, Svo. Hatcher, Thomas, Fellow of Eton College, 1555, comiJiled Memoirs of the eminent persons educated in that institution to the year 1572, and pub. the Epistles and Orations of Walter Haddon, in a book entitled Lucu- brations. Hatcher was physician to Queen Mary. Hatchett, Charles, pub. many chemical p.apers in Phil. Trans, and Nic. Jour., 1796-1817. Hatfield, Miss. Novels, Ac, lSOl-16. Hatfield, J. F. Patriotism, Lon., 1804, Svo. Hathaway, \V. S. Speeches of the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt, in H. of C. 1806, 4 vcds. Svo; 1817, 3 vols. Svo. Hatley, Griffith, M.D. Petrifaction ; Phil. Trans., 1G83. Hatherell, J. W., D.D Catechism, Lon.. 1835, Svo. 1843. 12mo. 1847. 12ma 1. Serm. on the Church 2. Nine Serms. at Malta, 3. Lent Lects. on the Repentance of David, To Dr. Hatherell we are indebted for the Life and Preface prefixed to the reprint of Archbishop Laud's Sermons, 1829, Svo. Hatsell, John, 1742-1820, Chief Clerk of the House of Commons until 1797. 1. Rules, Ac. of the H. of C, 1774, '84, '89, 1809, 4to. 2. Cases of Privileges of Parlia- ment to 1628, 4to, 1776. 3. Precedents of Proceedings in the H. of C, with Observ., 1781, 4to ; 2d ed., 1785, 3 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 1794-96, 4 vols. 4to ; 4th and best ed., 1818, 4 vols. 4to. This work is accepted as authority, save where changes have been introduced of late years. See May's Treat, upon Parliaments; Brooke's Bibl. Leg. 739 HAT " Established forms of procedure respected hy all from tlieir imijarliality are among the strongest securities for a free Con- stitution, and are liarriers against over-hasty legislation, or the uuhi-silating tyranny of the majority."— Sir Jime3 JIacki.vtosh. Hatt, Andrew. Serm,, Lon., 1805, 4to. Iliitt, Ricliard. Poetical Work.s, Ac. 1810-18. Ilatt, ICicliard. Insolvent Debtors' Ct., Lon., 1321, 12iuo. Ilatteclifle, Vine. God or Nothing. Lon., 1659, 8vo. Hatton, Sir Christopher, d. 1591, Lord-Chnncellor of England, 15S7, educated at St. Mary Hall, O.Nlord, has had ascribed to him A Treatise concerning Statutes or Acjs of Parliament, and tlie E.-jposition thereof, Lon., 1B77, 8vo, which it is asserted he did not write, — the fourth Act of the Tragedy of Tnncrcd and Gismund— which Warton thinks he did write, — and some legal tracts, which he may or may not have written. See Athen. 0.\on. ; Lodge's Illustrations ; Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors: Lloyd's State Worthies; Peck's Desiderata; Fuller's Worthies; Hume's, and other histories of Eng. ; Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors; Memoirs of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton, by Sir K. H. Nicolas, 1817, 8vo. ''But what was the astonishment of courtiers, of lawyers, and of citizens, when on Saturday, the 29th of April, it was announced that Her Majesty had chosen for the Keeper of her conscience.— to pieside in the Chancery and the Star-Chamlier, and the House of Lords.— and to superintend the administrations of Justice throughout the realm.— a gay young cavalier never called to the bar, and cbieMy famed for his liaodsome person, his taste in diess, and his sUill in d,ancing,_sii Christopher Hatton!"— Lord Camp- Bell : Lives of the Ldrd'CitanCillms. The new Lord-ChanceUor seems to have borne himself in his high office better than could have been generally anticipated : but Fuller thinks the queen not to have greatly erred in her judgment or fancy : " His parts were far alMve his learning, "which mutually so as- sisted each otlier. that no manifest want did appear; and the queen at last preferred him Lord Chancellor of England."— ICur- thies of Xortliuinptimsliire, Another authority also assures us that "He was a person that besides the graces of his person and dancing, had also the adjectiments of a strong and subtle capa- city,— one that could soon learn the discipline and garb both of the times and the Court." — Naunto.v. Lloyd cannot say enough in his praise : "His features set off his body, his gait his features, his carri.age his gait, his parts his carriage, his prudence his parts, and his close patience his prudence." — StaU Favowiks. Oakland, in his character of Elizabeth's ministers, is not behind Lloyd in his eulogies: " Splendidus Hatton, Ille Satelitii regalisduitor, ovanti Pectore, Ma!cenas studiosis, maximus alter Et fautor verc-e virtutis. munificus.ine." And a greater than all yet cited withheld not a noble tribute to the fortunate saltalor who danced himself into the woolsack : "To THE R. n. Sir C. IL4TT0N, Lord nigh-aianceUor of England. "Those prudent heads, that with their counsels wise, Whilom the pillars of th' earth did sustain; And taught ambitious Rome to tyrannise. And in the neck of all the world to reign. Oft from those grave aflairs were wont t' abstain, With the sweet l.ady-muses for to play. So Ennius, the elder Africain; So Maro oft did Crt.sar's cares allay; So. you, gre.at Lord.' that with your counsel sway The burden of this kingdom mightily; With like delights sometimes may eke delay, The rugged brow of careful poficy; And to these idle rhymes lend little space. Which,. /or their title's si:ke. may find more grace." EDmsB Spenser : presented to Sir Cliristi,fhcr Hatton unth a copy of The Faery Queen. Hatton, Sir Christopher. The P.salter of David; with titles and Collects, O.xon., 1644. '46, Svo. Hatton, Edward. Works on Arithmetic, 1699-1728 Hatton, Thomas. 1. Gold Coin, Lon., 1775 8vo 2. Watch and Clock Work, 1774. 8vo. Ilantl'nian. Colours for dyeing; Nic. Jour.. 1805. Ilaughton, Edward. Anti-Christ, Lon., 1652, Svo. Hanghton, Sir

    r, H. The Old Missionary-Box, Lon., 1855. Howe, Henry, b. 1816, at New Haven, Conn., son of Hczekiah Howe, a well-known publisher. 1. Memoir of Eminent Mechanics, N. York, 1839. 12mo. 2. In con- junction with John AV. Barber, of New Haven, Historical Collections of New York, N. Haven, 1811, Svo. 3. Also in conjunction with J. W. B., Hist. Collec. of N. Jersey, 1844, Svo. 4. Hist. Cullec. of Virginia, Charleston, 1844, Svo; 1856, Svo. 5. Hist. CoUec. of Ohio, 1847, Svo; 1849, Svo. 6. The Great West, 1851. 7. Travels and Adventures of Celebrated TraveIlers,lS53. Howe, James. Leasing Lands, Lon., 1813, Svo. Howe, John, 1630-1705. an eminent Non-conformist divine, son of the minister of Loughborough, Leicester- shire, was educated at Christ Coll., Cambridge, became Fellow of Magdalene Coll., Oxf., subsequently minister of Great Torrington, Devnn.^hire, and domestic chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, and afterwards to Richard Cromwell; ejected for Non-cunformity, 1662; chaplain to Lord Mas- sarene, in Ireland, where lie was permitted to preach, 1671 to 1675; chosen minister of the late Dr. Lazarus Seaman's congregation in Loudon, 1675; visited the Con- tinent with Lord Wharton in 1685; returned to London in 16S7; and continued to labour among his old con- gregation until his death, which occurred April 2, 1705. He was a man of profound learning, eminent piety, and unwearied zeal. He was the author of many sermons and i theological treatises, which have always been held in tho \ highest estimation. A collective edit, of the worU.s which he pub. in his lifetime, accompanied by a Life of the author by Dr. Edmuud Calamy, appeared in 1724, 2 vols i fob; repub. in 1S48, 3 vols. Svo, £1 7s., edited by Rev!' J. P. Hewlett. Two vols, of Serms. were pub. in 1744, , 2 vols. Svo. Howe's Whole Works, edited by Rev. John HuCt, of Chichester, were pub. in 1810-22, 8 vols. r. Svo. This ed. contains — I. vols, i.-iv., the contents of the 2 ful. vols, of 1724; II. vols, v.-vi., his Posthumous Works, being 78 Serms. and a portion of Pt. 1 of the Principles of the Oracles of God; III. vols, vii.-viii., new matter never before pub. This ed. was pub. at £3 38. ; large paper, r. Svo, £4 4s. Contents, with the Life by Calamy, repub., 1832, imp. Svo, pp. 1278, £2 2». ; again in 1838, imp. Svo, £1 10s. A new ed., to be comprised in 9 vols. Svo, has been recently (in May, 1856) announced as in preparation by Messrs. Johnstone and Hunter, of Edin- burgh. There have also been new edits, of separate trea- tises of this author, edited by Noel Gordon, &c. ; a Selec- tion from his Works and Sketch of his Life, by Rev. W. "Wilson, D.D., 1827, 2 vols. 18mo; Select Treatises, with a Memoir by Thos. Taylor, 1835, 12mo; a selection en- titled Christian Theology, by John Howe, selected and systematically arranged, with a Life, by Samuel Dunn, 1836, 12mo; and a Life and Character of Howe, by H. Rogers. Howe's best-known works are The Living Tem- ple ; The Blessedness of the Righteous; Of Delighting in God; The Redeemer's Tears; Enmity and Reconcilia- tion ; The Redeemer's Dominion over the Invisible World; The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit; God's Prescience; The Vanity of this Mortal Life. There are but few theological authors recorded in our Dictionary whose writings have been so enthusiastically commended as those of John Howe. *' He seems to have understood the gospel as well as any uniu- spired writer, and to have imbibed as much of its spiiit. Thera is the truest sublime to be found in his writings, and some of the strongest pathos; yet, often obscure, genemlly harsh, he has imi- tated the worst parts of Boyle's style. Ho has a vast number and variety of uncommon thouf^hts, and is, on the whole, one of the most valuable writers iu our language, or, I believe, iu the world." — Dr. Doi-dridce. " Possessed of the learning of Cudworfh, the evang;eliral piety of Owen, and the fervour of Baxter, with a mind of larger dimen- sions than what belonged to any of these distinguished indi- viduals, every thing which fell from his pen is worthy of immor- tality. He delights while he instructs, and impresses while he enlij^htens. His Living Temple, The Blessedness of the Righteous, Of delighting in God. The Kedeemer's Tears, are among the finest productions of uninspired genius, and must be read with high gratitication by every Christian. His style is occasionally rugged and inharmonious; but the sentiment will richly repay the tritiing annoyanceof its harsh and involved structure." — Orme'sBibl. Bib. "■For depth and originality of thought, John Howe has never been surpassed by any theological writer whatever. IHs prin- ciples were strictly evangelical, and his spirit eminently catholic and devout. Ilis Liviug Temple, especially, is a m.isterpiece of piofiiuud argumentation. . . . His best pien-s are The Blesseduesa of the Kighteous, Delighting in Ciod. Enmity and Keconciliation, Kedeemer's Tears, and Dominion, tfome Funeral Sermons, and part of his Living Temple, are most excellent." — Dr. E. Wdliams's '' Mr. Howe, nervous and majestic, with all the powers of ima- gery at his command." — Jauies Hervet. " A very extraordinary, original, sublime, and splendid writer, but sometimes obscure and heavy. Few writers will more strengthen and enlarge the reader's mind; but be is deficient in evangelical stateuient and simplicity.''— iiicA-frs(eW('s C. S. " Perhaps it may be considered as no unfair test of intellectual and spiritual excellence that a person can relish the writings of John Howe: if he does not. he may have reason to suspeet that something in the head or heart is wrong. A young minister who wishes to attain eminence in his profession, if he has not the works of John Howe, and can procure them in no other way, should sell his coat and buy them; and, if that will not suflice, let him sell his bed and lie on the floor; and if he spend his days in reading them he will not complain that he lies hard at nigbt. .... The Blessedness of the Righteous is a fiist-rate perform- ance, .nnd contaius a vast extent of thought, of learning, but especially of piety. ... A Treatise of Delighting in God is oue of the finest pieces of practical theology to be found in the English language."— Br.^»f mid BeunetVa Hist, of DisscnUrs. "Oue of the nmst learned and polite writers among the dis- senters. His reading in diviuity was very exten*.ive: he was a good Orientalist, and understood several of the modern languages. .... His Blessedness of the Righteous was the most generally- esteemed of his performances. lie was an admired preacher, but was sometimes too profound for ordinary capacities. Theie is an uncommon depth of thought in several of his works."— G'ra7?oer> Bwy. Hist, of E»y. " None can peruse his writings without feeling that his mind was habitually filled with the contemplation of that peculiar but truly divine character, that compreheusivene.=s and all-pervading excellence, the ultimafo development of which, in those who embrace Chrisfiaiiily, i.s the design of the mysteries it reveals, and of all the powei ful niutives by which it prompts to action.'' —Jioffrrs'.f Life nf Uuu:-. *^ " Nothing in the language can equal, as a whole, Howe's Living Temple; but his Blessedness of the Righteous is one of my favourite pieces. I read it again and again with renewed interest and delight."~Wii.LiAM Jay. See Genl. Diet. ; Biog. Brit. ; Lives of Howe noticed above; Birch's Tillotsun; Wilson's Hist, of Dissenting Churches; Lon. Quur. Rev., (by Robert Southey,) x. 113^ now 115 ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Scr, xxiv. 385 ; N.Tork L,t. a"^ J^f "• Kev iv. 538; Bust. Cbris. Exam., (Ijy J. Bnizor ) NX. 1 Jl. The criticLl opinion of Robert Hall >s always oo valuable to be omitted where it ean at all be ^""f;^ >"• and, though want of room prevents us from citing otner comments before us, the verdict of so eminent an autho- rUy must not be denied. It occurs in the ni«»>»;''°J_.'^ of a conver..ation between Mr. Hall and the Rev. Robert ''i!r\^. f a^Tt-Xrw^trrf/ou wouW most recommeud not the Lme percptiSn of the be.,utiful as of 'h« sublime; and hecM hi^endtes subdivisions.' B. 'That was the fault of his .™" H 'lu pSt, sir; but he has more of it than many of the Alters of ttat peliod! than Barrow, for example who was sou,^ what earlier. I'lie.e was. I think, an innate inaptitude in Howe s mind for discerning minute graces and 1"°?* .The was unques' sentences are often Ions and cumbersome, btlll, he was unques tiouably the Kreatcst of the Puritan divines^ ■ ■After adverting to several of Howes works M^- "-^J'"' ,," reference to his Blessedness of the Righteous, -Perhaps Baxte s S lint's Rest is fitted to make a deeper impression on the majority of readers Baxter enforces a particular idea with extraordinary clearness force, and earnestness. His appeals to the conscience a,^ irresistible.' Howe, again, is distinguished by cjlnine^^, «=lf- pnssession. majesty, and comprehensiveness; and for m "in pa t I decidedly prefer him to Baxter. I admire, exceedingly, his I^iv ing ™mple, his sermon on the Redeemer's Tiars, 4c. ; but. in my ODinion the best thing he ever wrote is his defence of the sincerity Sf he Gospel oiler. I refer to the treatise called the Iteconcitabb^ ness of God's Prescience of the Sins of Men with [the "ij '>^dom and Sinceritv ofl his Counsels. Eshortatinns, and whatever othei r4hatsoeve t Means he uses to prevent them. This I regard as the K profound, the most philnsophical. and the most valnal, e of Si Howe's writings.' "-JlaWs Works, ed. Lon., 18o3 : *,aoir,vi.l20. Howe, John, M.P., d. 1721, a relation of Charles I Howe (ante.) and a statesman of note, was the author ot A I'aneirvric on Kin" Willi.am, and of several songs and Uttle P-feuiJ; He is'introduccd in Swift's ballad On The Game of Traffic. See Nichol.s's Poems ; CoUina's Peerage. Howe, Joseph, a lineal descendant of the celebrated Puritan divine, John Howe, editor of The Nova-Scot,an, 1828-40, and Secretary of Stat« of Nova Scotia, 1848-S4. The Speeches and Public Letters of the Hon. Joseph Howe; edited by William Annand. M.P.P., Bost.. 1858, 2 vols.Svo. Howe, Josiah, d. 1701, a divine and poet, Fellow ot Trin. Coll., Oxf., preached in 1644 a sermon before Charles I of which thirty copies were printed in red letters. A copy, the only one known, is in the liodleian Liorayy- He was the author of a set of recommendatory English verses preBxed to the folio edit, of Beaumont and Fletcher ; of another before Randolph's Poems, 1640; of another before Cartwright's Comedies and Poems, 16d1. _ " These nieces," says Warton, •■ which are in the witty epigram- Dialic style that then prevailed, have uncommon acuteness, and highly deserve to be revived." See Athen. Oxon. ; Warton's Life of Sir Thomas Pope, j (Preface;) and Warton's Life of Bathurst, pp. 154, 211. Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, b. 1819, a daugliter of Mr. Samuel Ward, of New York, married, in 1843, to S.amuel (j. Howe M D., a well-known philanthropist of Boston, pub. in 1854 (Boston, 16mo) a vol. of poetry entitled Passion Flowers Mrs. Howe's poems have elicited enthusiastic commendation. See Griswold's Female Poets of Amenea; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. ; Read's Female Poets of America ; Southern Quar. Rev., July, 1S54. This lady is a daughter of the late Mrs. Julia Rush Ward, ol whom a notice'wiU be found in a later page of this volume. 2 Words for the Hour. Boston, ISob, 16mo. 3. Ihe Worid's Own, Boston, 1857, 16mo. 4. Hippolytus; a Tragedy, 1858. , , „ Howe, Nathaniel, 1764-1837, pastor of the Congre- gational Church in IL.pkinton, Mass., pub. some sernis., Ac. See an article (by W. Tudor) in N. Amcr. Rev., iv. 93-97. Howe, Obacliah, D.D., d. 1682, Vicar of Boston, Lincolnshire. 1. The IJnivcrsalist Examined and Criticued, Lon 1648, 4 to. 2. Answer to J. Good'win's Pagm's Debt and Dowry, 1655. 3. Serm., 1664, 4to. 4. A Pattern for Governours. 1735, 4to. Howe, Richard, Viscount, 1725-1 (90, an Enghsh Admiral, second son of Lord Viscount Howe, pub. A Nar- rative of the Transactions of the Fleet, .tc. m 1m 9. Sir John Barrow pub. in 1838, 8vo, the Life of RlcUARD Eabl HowF q x. And see a review of this work by Robert Southey, in Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixii. 1; and another review in Dub'l Univ. Mag., xvii. 693: see also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser iii. 178; Blackw. Mag., xxi. 739; xxxiv. 4. Howe, Samuel. Practice in Civil Actions and Pro- ceedings in Law in New Hampshire, Bost., 1834, 8vo. now I Howe, Samuel G., M.D., an eminent philanthropist ' of Boston! 1. Hi^t. Sketch of the Greek Revolution. N York 1828 8vo. 2. Reader for the Blind, prmted in Raised 1 Characters, 1839. 3. Reports, Essays, &c. on the educa- tion of the Blind, the Idiotic, and on other subjects. Dr. ; Howe is well known as the successful instructor of Laura Bridgman, the deaf, dumb, and blind girl. 1 Howe, T. H. Lessons on the Globes, and Key, Lon., ^*" U appLa^rsto'contein a great variety of problems and illustra- tions and, I have no doubt, will prove useful to the youthful stu- dent.'"— SlB John F. W. Uerschei.. Howe, Thomas, a Dissenting minister, pub. serms. and theob.". treatises. 1765-1805. , , , . , Howe, Sir William, d. 1814, a brother of Admiral Howe, (cute,) was the successor of General Gage in the command of the British forces in America. a^"y,ng m Boston, May, 1775, with Burg^.yne. He pub. a N-'"at. e relative to his command in N. America Lon 1(80, 4to. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, vol i., and works on this subject there noticed; Blackw. Mag., xx. 21 2-20o , and the hist..ries relative to the American Revolu ion. Howel the Good, or Hyweldda, a legislator of the lOlh century, was the son and ^"<;«f " °f fi'^tel King of all Wales. See the laws established by Howe , founded on those of Dunwallo Molmutius, in Leges Wa - UciB EcclesiasticiB et Civile.-, Hoeli Bom et aliorum W .al- liic Principum, edit. Wottou, Lon., 1/30, tol. ^ Howel, Laurence, d. 1720. a learned Non-J-'-'^S divine, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., ordained by the Non-juror, Bishop Hiekes, in 1712, was imprisoned in 1 , 17 C writing a pamphlet entitled (1.) The Case of Schism m the Church of England truly stated, Lon., 171d, 8vo. Anon. He died in Newgate,-to the great disgrace of his perse- cutors Howel was also the author of (2.) Synopsis Ca- nonum S.S. Apostolorum et Conciliorum CEcumenicorum et Provincialium ab Ecclesia Grsca Receptorum, Ac, 170S fol. Among other interesting matter in this volume will bo found the Modus tenendi Synodos in Anglia pri- m t i „f HoAvel, Thomas, M.D., of the E. I. Co. Journal of the Passage from India, &c., Lon., 1789, '90 Svo. Howell, Mrs. 1. Georgina; a Nov., Lon., 179b .i vols l"mo. 2. Auzoletta Zadoskia; a Nov., 1796, 2 vols. I 12mo 3 The Spoiled Child; a Nov., 1797, 2 vols. 12mo. I HoAVell, Caroline A. 1. Seed-Time and Harvest, ! Lon 2. The Gospel of Other Times, 1853, 18mo. I "A sound and emiuently practical compression of a great sub- I iect into a very small .-ompass. Wo can heartily recommend it. 1 ^BirlentiWs IIVW;/ Visitor. „.„,.,, n <■ Howell, Elizabeth, widow of Robert Howell, of Philadelphia, and a native and resident of that city, better known liy her maiden name,— Miss Lloyd,— has gained con- siderable celebrity by her poem entitled Milton's Prayer of Patience. These verses, originally pub. anonymously in The Friends' Review for January, 1848. were subse- tiuently pub. as Milton's in an English edit, oi his works. IMiev have frequently appeared in periodicals under the title of Milton on his Loss of Sight. It is hardly neces- sary to state that they possess an uncommon degree of merit They will be found in T. Buchanan Read's Female Poets of America. 6th ed., Phila., 1855. Mrs. Howell also contributed several poems to The Wheat Sheaf, a collec- tion of Prose and P..etry, Phila., 1852; 3d ed., 1857 1 Howell, George. .Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1746. 1 Howell, James, 1594-1666, educated at, and Fellovr ' of Jesus College, Oxford, was the son of Thomas Hall, '; minister of Abernant, in Caermarthenshire. From 1619 he travelled in Holland, Flanders, Spain, Fr.ance, and Italy as stew.ard to a glass-ware manufactory, and was subsequently employed abroad and at home on public business, and in 1640 made Clerk of the Council. In 1643 he was committed to the Fleet Prison by order rf Parlia- HOW ment. and remainca tliere, writing an^l tranrfating books, until some tunc after the murder of Charles I. At the Restoration his sufferings in the cause of loyalty were rewarded hy the post of Historiographer-Royal of Kng! humour, and versed in the modern languages. •■ Thank God, he says, "I have this fruit of my foreign travels, that I can pray unto Him every day of the week in a separate language, and upon Sunday in seven." As a writer, although he was the author of forty-one original works,— historical, political, poetical, and philological,— and the translator of four from the Italian, one fr..m the iTench, and one from the Spanish, all but his Familiar Jjetters may be said to be unknown to ordinary readers We notice a few of his publications .—1. Dendrologia: or, the Vocall Forest, Lon., Itijn, fol. ; 2d ed.. 1644 410^ ^rvvpn^^t', ^-"."'■■, ^"^ '^■' r"b- ""■I'^r the title of A^,^^POAO^IA-Dodona•s Grove; or, the Vocall Forest Pub. with two other tracts, viz. : Parables reflecting upon If*;, of";,'""' J^"g'»n'l'>^ Teares for the Present Wars, 164.1 ; 2d Part of Dodona's Grove, 1C50, Svo. In French 1st Part, Pans, 1641, 4lo; 2d Part, Paris, 1652, 4to. In Latin, 1st Part, Lon., 1646, Svo. fHi'ui^Mhe^.f.'.wfh'','''''"''''';.""''™' ""y ingenuity in ni.in- Ik.n ,"■ ' ,?i; "^ between he outer and the ionerstory, which tuuJiU n ," r ■'"'•;?;,'"'J' Pl^'suie in allegorical writing. The unde the ,?nii f '".'^"'■"Pe, especially of liugland, about 164o! undei the guise of animated trees iu a forest. . . . The contrivance .s^all along so clumsy and unintelligible, the invenlLn si poor and absurd, be storj-if story there be-so dull an echo ofwdl anvThi ''f'r- """," '^ ™P°>^'=it'le to reckon DoVouVsoTot any thing but an enlne failure. Howell has no wit, but he has a und., ce of conceits, flat and commonplace en,.ugh wTth A A ^'rPr " """' f^^T" """''' ""'^ observation."i-aa!to» -s ii!. JJifl. r,/ hurape, ed. 1854; iii. ICII. .uuuMm Mr. Hallam suggests with much plausibility that Har- rington s Oceana, pub. in 16S6, was or'bv"l'i','r%?v'^f."'"'' ''"''•■'P,'' ''>• ""^ Dodona's Gi-ove of Howell, addittiSlTw ''"""'^'^ ^™""' ''''' ''"">' -* '■Something is to be had from Howell still. It is acreeable if ?har" s ■■;^]°.i"/w"''-'' i'-^.l'.-- '-- "' tie days c'Jles uid Sns ^piou^s'quo'latiS.''"'-' ""■ '''''■ '"«■ '^''^'^ -"»" ™- 3. Epistolffi Ho-EIiana;; or. Familiar Letters, Domestic and Foreign: divided into sun.lry Sections, ,,arlly His- torical partly Political, partly Philosophical, upon emer- gent Occasions, 1645, 4to. Auothervol. in ll'47; both these with the addit. of a third, in 1650, 3 vols, bvo- 4th re^i'-nf"?' IV' ^ 'r"" '''- "**' «"• ^ince Several times reprinted. These Letters, addressed to .Tames I., to seve- ral Lords and Bishops, Sir Kenelm Digby, Sir Rob Na- pier, Ben Jonson, and others, contain many curious' par- ticulars relating to the reigns of James I. and Charles I "Many of the s.iid letters were never wiitt,.n before the -lutbor of them was m the Fleet, as he pretended thev were ou f, ned those toes ■■J/V„n"''™'o!'''- ^''^ gi^"--- " toleiable history of inose times. —At/ten. Oitm.. Bliss s ed., iii. "4ti-74T. Dr. Bliss gives a table of the edits, of Howell's Letters, and announces his intention of publishing a new and cor reeled edit., with notes and an appendi.x, for which he had long been making the necessary collections. It is to be greatly regretted that it was never given to the world. Ihe table of edits. IS as follows:— 1. 1647- ■> ]647- S Mil'' t;^^^^' *•""• "-lOSS: 7.170S;' 97l726:'lb' VlUi^VhJt '''^ ""■ "' '''■" "^"^ "-^ --^p"""'- of "I believe the second published correspondence of this kind and, in our own langu.ige at least, ofany ioipo.tance afler I ^11 [see Hall, Joseph, D.D.] will be found to be Epistohe H^l li""."' or the Letters of James Howell, a great trav-eller. an iuliu nte friend of Jonson, and the first who bore the office of the lov;! hi6toriograpl,er.wh,chdiscoveraT»ri,.tvofliteratu,e„nd diomfd .h:t^i'oJ:^p?^^;i;:;^^^;^r;;.^s^g^;i!ir;;'ii!l» m «he heat „f t^e moment only current coin, produce 8, Khed metal for the cabinet. His letters are still publishcd."-i)"» iS ii^rnrj; J/,sof»«nies, ed. 1840. p 46 i'"si«ms of sl^msh ili'r'Th 'v "■'""'" '" *^'""""'^' *"" "» "°' fe coivaoe :u^Su^^.i'^.s?'i?;.'rr;"="-^ '^- "'*--"™ '^ »"-'*'" r, Jf'U''"°'v^ "'' e''terlaining."-H.tLL.lM : vhi supra. „, J/ I X ""^ exception to the geneial rule that letters pre- pared for the press are the most siclieniiig and tiiesome of all composjlion., it will certainly be found in the fami .h, M^ers of .James Howell, commonly called £^,iWant K-oirs SVri" '" ""'"' ^"^ '■™"<"' ""' eontempf."- 5. Londinopolis: an historicall Discourse or Perlustra- tion of the C^ty of London, and of Westminster, 1657, fol. Princip.ally borrowed from Stow's Survey, and his con- '°"f "J"'"' ," f.™' "r"'" '"^'■8 Emergent Occasions, 1664 Svo, pp 136. Edited by Payne Fisher. Bibl Anglo-Poet., 384, £3 6.., q. v.; and see Athen. Oxon. Ihe reader who desires to know more of Howell and his publications must refer, in addition to authorities already M ' 0"?'r.fV^"!;; ^'oy'''' Memoirs, and Lowndes's Bibl. Man,, 9,4-975. We marvel that some of the enterprising British publishers-the Nicholses, Bohns, or Parkers, who have done so much for the revival of ancient English lore —have not presented us with a new edit, of EpistoUe Ho- 11 liana?; for, in the words of an eminent authority, 1^Z.^Ts^^:l^. '^-'^ '-"'- tett..rs.-'.lVol= The new editor of the Letters, if such an individual should make his appearance, must endeavour to procure ho late Henry F.auutlcroy's illustrated copy, bound in three imperial folioa. Howell, James. Serm., Lon., 1780, 4to Howell, John. Persecution; or, Sufferings for Christ s Sake, Lon., 1685, 4to. Howell, Johii. Life and Adventures of Alexander belkirk. See De Foe, Da.mel, p. 4S9 tbp***""'*^'!' i",^"- /° ^'^'"y ™ "i° War-Galleys of the Ancients, Edin., 1826, Svo. Howell, Laurence. See Howel. Howell, Thomas. I. The Fable of Ouid, treting of Narcissus, trans, into English Mytre, Lon., 1560, 4to. ■!. Ihc Arbor of Amitie, 156S, '69, Svo. 3 T H 's De y;'" ^7 '"!, "™? Exercise and his Friend's Plrasure, i"!ll P 1 n ^ V*™', "'■'•• "fEng- Poetry; Ritson's Bibl. Poet. : Cens. Lit. ; Brit. Biblioc- Howell, Thomas, M.D. See Howel. Iet™Tb It^^""'?*'^- '• 0'«- ™Df-Sturge's Pamph- let resp. he N,m-residence of the Clergy, Lon., 1802,'03,8vo. Period'; n ^f"'- 'f ,f ""^ '^"■■"^' *<■■ f™" tbe Eariiest ler.od to the Present Time, Lon., 1809-28, 34 vols. r. Svo Compiled by T. B. Howell ; continued to 1820 by his son Thomas Jones Howell ; with a General Index to the whole reducei^ii^le^tfi"' 'y"'""- """''""''^ ?"''• ''' ^''^ ' reaiiced to ±16 16.. Index sep.arate, £1 11,. 6rf This .nyahnable work we h.oye already noticed : .see HARCRAyE ton, 1 r • "^■r',-*""' ^- C- H'»-«>-ave disclaimed the edil tonal re ponsibihty connected with the collection of State Tnals winch goes under his name. See a valuable artic e 54" 9" %'\^"'''^ '° ^^'""-^'^ Reporters, 3d ed , ISm! fbe" W„I , ,^ 7" " recommended in these articles to the legal student, we must add one of recent date viz • ;,;'";; 'rv"pf ^'=^''""'' """ i""-"ra.ed Sso 2 fie 1 l^'i •^]""• ?'"• TownseuJ. Recorder of Maccles- field, .and author of sever.al v.alu.able half-legal, half-his. found inLdm Rev., xxxi. 235-246. Miss Witford bung over tbe State Trials with delir-ht • ^ nom 'cllri^^'i^ ^^l^r^Jitl^^^^'S than the poets ^^r-^^d^r-^^^^et^ri^^i^i^^ exptr::di^:p.r::;--;;-:-i--esamo state Trials and trust that before the reader sees thit i^K tn^b^s?:' sMv^r^'^'--^- ^-"'^ "-- ^r and Chancellor ,,tincolnd. 168,3. 1 Elementa kisLrii Cuilis. usquo ad Monarchium Constantini M., O^f 1600- J'f'c'Jernl'H™; ^^'''^f ^ ed., 1704. 2. An Institution 161,2 16S0-S5, 4 vols. fol. Commended by Gibbon, Hume and Johnson. 3. Ecclesiastical Hist., 16s6. f„l. 4 Medullii llistoria Anghcana; : the Ancient and Present State of England, 1679. 1712, '19, '34, '42, Svo Howell, M'm. Serm., Lon., 1676, 4to Howell, >Vm. Two Serms., Oxf., 1711, '12. Howell. See Howel. ' . . - HOW Howels, Wm., minister of Long- Aero Episcopal Chapel. Icng known as a popular preacher of the •• tvan- KoUcar School." 1. Remains of, cons.shng of Extracts Cm his Sermons, by the Rev Wm^ P. Moo^e, DuM 1833, 12mo. New ed., Lon., 18o2, fp. Svo 2. ^I- Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, and a scrm. on Scr.p ural Worship, Lon 1835, Svo. 3. Serms., with Memoir by Ch as Rowdier, 1835 2 vols. Svo ; 2d ed., vol. i 1836 8vo. 4. XX hcrms 1535 12mo. 5. LII. Serms,, from Notes by H. II. WhUe, 1536 Svo 6 Prayers before and after the Sermon, 32mo. , 7 Choice Scniences, ed. by the Rev. W. Bruce, 1S50 ISmo. I For an account of Mr. Ilowels, see two lunera Serms. occasioned by bis death, by the Rev Ileury Melvdl and he Hon. and Rev. Baptist Noel, &c 1S32. Svo; and Brief Memoirs of Rev. W. Howels, by the Rev. B. Morgan, 1854, fp. Svo. "His Kreat aim was alwavs to reach the consciences of his hear"™. One of l.is parasraphs would have been another man s sermon."— Rev. llENKV Melvill. HoAves, Edmund. Annales; or, A Gener.al Chro- nicle of Engband, begun by John Stow : continued to the end of the year 1631, Lon.. 1631, fol. See Stow, John. Howes, Francis. 1- Mi.'^cellaneous Poet. Irans., Ac., Lon., 1S06, Svo. 2. Satires of Persius, trans, with Notes, I S09, Svo. ict,ii.„ Howes, John, Rector of Abingdon. Serm., 1670, 4to. Howes, John. See Howks, Thomas Howes, Thomas, or John. Critical Observations on Books, ancient and modern, Pts. 1-16, and appendices Lon 1776-1813, Svo. Anon. A complete set ol this series, perhaps, cannot be obtained at any price Mr. Bohn advertised one in 1848, bound in 5 vols , for f- 2s. which had formerly belonged to Thomas Falconer. Mv Bohn had never seen another complete set. Dr Parr calls Howes the "very learned and most acute. See Biblio- theca Parriana, p. 280. Bohn ealls the author 'John Howes of Norwich ;" Lowndes calls hun Thomas. Howes, Robert. Hist, of Framlingham. Howes, Rev. T. Abridgt. of Dr. John Taylor s Key to the Apostolic Writings, Ac, 1806. HoAvett, Samuel. Some Few Proposals for Public Service both by Sea and Land, 1689. . Howgill, Francis, a t^uaker. The Dawnings of the Gospel-Day, and its Light and Glory Discouered, Lon., 1676, fol. , .^ , Howgrave, Francis. 1. Rumour against Inocula- tion, Lou., 1724, Svo. 2. Essay on the Ancient and Pre- sent State of Stamford, 1726, 4to. , . ., HoAVick, Rt. Hon. Viscount. Speech in the House of Commons, Lon., 1S07, Svo. ■ ^ , -i Howie, John, 1735-1791, a native of Lochgoil, Scotland 1. Biograpbia Scoticana; or, A Brief Histori- cal Account of the most Eminent Scots Worthies, Ac, 1503-168S, 1774; again, enlarged, Glasg., 1781, Svo, and later edits. New ed.. Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged, with a Pref. and Notes, by Win. McGavin, author of Ihe Protestant, Ac, recently pub. by McPhun, of Glasgow ; reprinted by Carters, of N. York, 1853, Svo. '•This is bv far the best edition of this most rem-iikaUe work that has ever seen the li^ht. He is not woithy the name of a Scot who can be inditferent to the story of these illustrious cham- pions."— ion. Kvangd. Mag. These should accompany this v.aluable work— The Last Words and Dying Testimonies of the Scottish Worthies, also pub. by McPhun. 2. Lects. and Serms. by Scottish Divines. 3-7. Theolog. treatises. See Memoir ol Howie prefixed to tfce last edit, of Scots Worthies. Howison, James, M.D. 1. Dictionary of the Malay Ton.'ue, Lon., 1801, 4to ; 1S05, 4to. 2. Con. to Annals of_ MedT, 1797. 3. Elastic Gum Vine of Prince ol Wales Island ; Nic Jour., 1800. _ Howison, John, of the E. L Co. s Service. 1. Eu- ronean Colonies, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Sketches of Upper Ca'iiada, Edin., 1821, Svo ; 2d ed., 1822 ; 3d ed 1825, Svo. Mr. H. passed two years and a half in Upper Canada. " Bv far the best book which has ever been written by any Bri- tish traveller on the subject of North America."— iJ/uclui. Mag., x. 637-545 Also hicrbly commended by the Edinburgh Review; Edinburgh Magazine ; Monthly Magazine ; New Monthly Ma.'azine; British Critic ; Eclectic Review ; Literary Ga- zette ; Literary Chronicle; Scotsman; Examiner; Monthly Keview, Ac. " In describinK the Falls of Niagara, he hai outHeroded Herod and b-aten IimS,a,tt, Furioso out of the field."-i™. MmM. Jiev. "It is rich in valuable information to emigrants, and is. more- over hichlv descriptive of scenery and manners. The part rela- tive to iheUuited States is Buperliclal."-a«cn50K J Uyayts and Travels. HOW 3. Foreign Scenes and Travelling Recreations; 2d cd., ^ :/AUktw;-h, beiuK once taken „p. it is really difficult t^^^^^ down asain without pel using thoroughly.' -Uj'i. Acu,5 of LiU, a- ture and Fashion. A Tales of the Colonics, 2 vols. p. Svo. "i ,„ies of interesting T.ales worthy of the clever author. - Lon. Lit. Giizrlle. ^i:^u; ^eit -R:, b. 1S20, in Fredericksburg. Virginia has practised law at Richmond, "V a-, since 1S45 I A His .of Virginia from its Discovery and SeUleinent ;: 1847 2 vols Svo: vol. i., Pbila., 1846; vol. ii., Rieh- monif i848 2 Lives of Generals Morgan. Marion, and r r . ^tb in 1S47 in the work entitled Washington and SirGerralsVf' t'be American Revolution edited by Hnwison William, the brother of John Howison, ha! be" so gr^^hicaUy described by Sir Walter Scott-- ?o whom be intro'duced himself when ""-n l-y bis^all^d of Polydore-in his letter to Joanna Laillie, July U, 1S''3 hatwe need only refer the reader to l'"^ ^^P'^'lO' PMvdore oTi-inally pub. by Sir Walter in the Ldnil.urgh innu^ Register for 181 0, will be found in Joanna BaiUie 3 pXal Miscellanies, 1S2.3 1. F-S"-',V"serBlack- Pub under the name of M. de Peudemots. See UlacK- wook' Mag., x. 345. 2. An Essay on the Sentiments of Ittraction Adaptation, and Vanity To which are added A Kcv to the Mythology of the Ancients, and Europe s tikeness to the Human Spirit, Edin., 1821. 12mo ^""omifs extreme abst.acled doctrines, ,-ore difl.cu to com- prebend than any I ever opened in my lite. -Sm ^^ alter bcoTT "'UrSlackw. Mag., ix. 393-399; x. 545; xi 30S-316. 3. A Grammar of Infinite Foras; "[■ '^''.Mf'^'"""' '^^^ Elements of Ancient Philosophy and Mythology, 1823, 12nio. 4. The Cou„uest of Twelve 'Tr.bes. See Blaekw. -M«<' xlvi 694. See also Lockhart s Life of Scott. Ilowitt, Anna Mary, an artist, is the daughter of William and Mary Hnwitt, and inherits the literary talent I of her parents. 1. An Art-Student in Munich, Lon., 1853, ^ "Ther^'is^enou^-h in these volumes to warrant our conviction tb,t if Ttple."setbeir authoress, she may hereafter do good ser- ' V ;e to Art V th the pen no less than with the pencil ■--'"PP^^'.'^B- Ilways, that Time sliall balance, not deaden, her enthusiasm. — 2 The School of Life. Erst pub. in the London Illustrated Magazine of Art, vol. ii., July to Dec. 1853; by Ticknor & Fields, Best, 1855, 16mo. Repub., Lon., lS5b. This work, which records the experience of artist life, has been highly commended. . m ^i u *t.„ Howitt, Enia. Letters during a Tonr through tho United States, Nottingham, circa 1820, 12ino. Howitt, Mary, a daughter of Mr. Botham, of Uttoxeter, a member of the Society of Friends was mar- ried to William Ilowitt, a congenial spirit, in lb21. Iho lives of both have been so well told in a publication just issued, and accessilile to all, (Men of the Tunc, Lon., 1856,) that it will be unnecessary to repeat what wc should be unable to improve. Moreover, the plan of our work is better answered by a list of their publications, with some critical notices of their characteristics as writers,— which citations of opinions we are obliged to restrict within very narrow limits. ,,.,.■ In 1823 Mr. and Mrs. Howitt gave to the world their first publication,— The Forest Minstrel, which was suc- ceeded in 1S27 by The Desolation of Eyam, ""'l "'her Poems. To these joint productions may be added, the Book of the Seasons, first pub. in 1831, and The Litera- ture and Komanco of Northern Europe, issued in 1S52, and Stories of English Life, in Bohn's Illustrated Library, 1853 The following alphabetical catalogue— compiled with considerable labour, and, we trust, nearly if not quite complete— of Mary Hewitt's separate publications evinces no ordinary amount of literary industry. 1. Alice i rank- lin, 1843, ISmo. 2. Ballads and other Poems, 1847, p. Svo. 3 Birds and Flowers, and other Country Things, 1S48, I'Jino 4. Do., Second Series, 1866, sq. 5. Children 3 Year 1847, 16mo. 6. Dial of Love, 1S52, 12mo. 7. Heir of Wast Wayland, 1851. 12mo. 8. Hope on ! Hope ever! 3d ed , 1844. ISmo. 9. Hymns and Fireside Verses, 1839, fp Svo. New ed. of Fireside Verses, 1844, 4to; again, 1862, 16mo. 10. Illustrated Library for the Young, 1S65 : 1st Series, 4to ; 2d Series. 4to. Also both series in 1 vol. 4to. Pub. in monthly nus. 11. Little Coin, Much Care, 1842, ISmo. 12. Lives of BritisU 905 now now Queens ; or, The Royal Book of Beauty ; Illustrated with [- Ji'iog. and Hist. Memoirs by Mary Howittand the Countess I of Blessington, 1851, r. 8vo. 13. Love and Money, 18-13, | 18mo. 14. Mary Leesou, 1848, 18mo. 15. Midsummer i Flowers, 1853, fp. Svo. 16. My own Story, 1844, ISmo. 17. My Uucle the Olockmaker, 1844, 18dio. IS, No Sense ; like Common Sense, 1843, ISmo. 19. Our Cousins in Ohio ; , new ed., 1849, sq. 20. Picture Book for the Young, 1854, 4to. 21. Seven Temptations, 1834, 12mo. 22. Slietches of Natural History, sq.; 6th ed., 1846; 7th ed.. 1851; 8th : ed., 1853. 23. Sowing and Reaping, 1S40, ISmo. 24. | Strive and Thrive, 1839, ISmo. 25. Tales in Prose, sq. ; new ed., 1841, 2f>. Tales in Verse, sq. ; new cd., 1840; again, 1854. 27. The Stedfast Gabriel, 1850. ISmo. 28. The Two Apprentices, 1844. ISmo. 29. Which is the Wiser? 3d ed., 1844, ISmo. 30. Who shall Ijc Greatest? \ 1841, 18mo. 31. Wood Leighton, 1836, 3 vols. p. Svo. , 32. Work and Wages, 1842, ISmo. I Translations into English from the Swedish of | Fredeuika Bremf.r. 33. Brothers and Sisters; a Tale \ of Domestic Life, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo. 34. Easter Offer- ': ing, 1850, 12mo. 35. 11 Family. 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo. j New cd., 1853, in vol. iv. of Miss liremer's Wurks. 36. Hertha, 1856. 37. Home; or, Family Cares and Family \ Joys, 1843, 2 vols. p. Svo. New ed., 1853, lieing vol. iii. I of Miss Bremer's Works. 38. Homes of the New World; Impressions of America, 1853, 3 vols. p. Svo. 39. Mid- night Sun. 1849, p. Svo. 40. New Sketches of Every-Day Life — A Diary; together with Strife and Peace, 1S43, 2 vols. p. Svo. New ed. in vol. iv. of Miss Bremer's Worka. 41. President's Daughters, including Nina, 1843, 3 vols. p. Svo. New ed., 1S52, p. Svo. 42. The Neighbours; a Story of Every-Day Life; Sd ed., 1843, 2 vols. p. Svo; 4th ed., 1852, 12mo. From the Danish of Hans Christian Andersen. 43, Only a Fiddle ! and 0. T. ; or, Life in Denmark, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. 44. The Improvisatore, 1847, 12mo; 1849, 12mo. 45. The True Story of My Life. 1847. 12mo. 46. Wonder- ful Stories for Childreu, sq., 1S46. New ed., 1848. Also from the Danish. 47. Jacob Bendixen, the Jew, 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo. From the German. 48. Child's Picture and Verse- Book, commonly called Otto Speckter's Fable-Book, with French and German on corresponding jiages; illustrated with 100 Engravings on Wood by G. F. Sargent, sq. ; 2d ed., 1S44; 3d ed., 1S45. The popularity of this work, from Poland to France, with the younger members of the bousehold, is well known. A celebrated German review remarks of it: "Of this production, which makes itself an epoch in the world of children, it is superfluous to speak. The F.ible-lJonk is thioutib- out all Germany in the hands nf parents and children, and will always be new. because every year fresh chiljieu are born." 49. Citizen of Prague: 2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 50. The Peasant and his Landlord, by Baroness Knorring, 184S, 2 vols. Svo. The above register affords a tolerable proof that Mary Howitt has not "eaten the bread of idleness;" but, if to these volumes — many of them exhibiting evidences of no little toil — we add her contributions for the last thirty years to the periodicals of the day, — to The Amulet, The Literary Souvenir, The Drawing Rnom Scrap-Bo(dc, (of which she ■was fttr three years the editor.) The Perqde's Journal, &c., — we shall have an aggregate of printed matter which few authors of the day can equal. But unfortunately the mere fact of voluminousness does not always imply either merit on the part of the author or advantage on that of the public. The great que.-^tion is not as to quantity, but as to quitlity. By many writers we should have been bene- fited mure had they written less; and of many it is to be regretted that they ever wrote at all. But if of any we can justly say, — This pen has ever been employed in the advocacy of the true, the beautiful, and the good ; the alle- viation of human suffering, and the cure of social disor- ders; the education of the mind, and the improvement of the heart; the cultivation of home-duties and home-affec- tions, and the development of fraternal unity in the great brotherhood of man ; — surely of such it shall be said. Here is one worthy of honour, of love, and of praise ; — and such is Mary Howitt! When we return from the pleasing con- templation of the moralist, to consider the literary merits of an instrumentality which has been so widely produc- tive of beneficial results, we are conscious that the theme has been anticipated — not to say exhausted. Mrs. Howitt's position, whether we consider her as a poetess, a novelist, an essayist, or as an instructor of the youthful mind, is too well determined, too generally acknowledged, to require 906 any. championship at our hands. Yet we are not willing to 'conclude this article without the adduction of at least a few tributes to the merits of one whose happiness it is to number as many friends as she has readers, and to have as few enemies as she has written worthless books. "There can be no surer proof of the t^enuiiieiiessof the poetical power possessed by Mary Howitt, th;iu the fact that her finer pieces ever recur again and again to the memories of all imaginative readers. This can be only owing to their feminine tenderness, theirearnest tone, their gentle music, and their simple but geuuiue uiitui-e."— 3Mr's S/cdcJies ofthe PoH. Lit. nfthe Pa$t Half-Ccnturi/. '■ Mary Howitt has shown herself mistress of every string of (he minstrel lyre, save that which sounds of broil and bloodshed. There is more of the old ballad simplicity in her compositions than can be found in the strains of any living poet besides; her lan- guage is vigorous, but not swelling; and always subordinate to the Sentiments, whether of tenderness or of love." — Allan Can- iiinfjJnnti's Bwg. and Orit. Hist, nf the Lit, of the Last Fifty Years. '* ller poems are always graceful and beautiful, and often vigot^ ous, but they are essentially feminine; they afford evidences of a ki ndly and generous nature, as well as of a fertile imagiuation and a safely-cultivated mind.'' — Mbs. Hall. "Her language is chaste and simple, her feelings tender and pure, and her observation of nature accurate and intense." — ■ Christopher North: JVoctes Amhrosian(s ; Blacktu.Mag.,\xiv.&t^. "Sweet iMary HowittI her name brings a magic with it, let us see it when and where we will! It is one crowded with pleasant associ.itions; telling of wisdom learned by the wayside and under the hedgerows; breathing perfumes — not the perfumes of balls and routs, but — of violets and wild flowers: leading the mind to pure and pleasant thoughtfulness." — iVew Monthly Magazine. See also Bl.ackwood's Mag., xxiv. 674; xxix, 699-701; xxxvii. 643-650; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xvi. 556. •' Mary Howitt, the poetess alike of the Fireside and of the Field, and perhaps the most popular of all our female writers, takes a rank second to none among the fair poets of our country. . . . Not content with showing that she possesses noble powers, Mrs. Howitt exhibits the rare ambition of using her gifts nobly ; and with an earnest eloquence, which often reaches sublimity, she proclaims herself the poet of the Young, and the Humble, and the Poor. Her sympathies with all classes are strong; ' All tears Which human sorrow sheds are dear to her;* but with these classes they are overpowering. ... In summing up my imperfect estimate of Mary Howitt. I would say that no Fo ni.nle Toet in our literature surpasses her. and that but few equal her. As a versifier, as a moralist, and as a philosophei-, she may safely challenge comparison with any writer of her own sex, and with most of the writers of the other sex; whilst as regards grace, pathos, womanly sentiment, and Christian sympathy, she has scarcely a * rival near her throne.' I believe that her writings have done more to elevate our ideas of woman's intellectu.il character than all the tre.Htises on that subject in our language." — Rowlaii's Femalf Poeta of Great Britain. Howitt, Kichard, brother of William and Mary Howitt, settled for four years as a physician at Melbourne, Australia, has given us the results of his observations in his work entitled (1.) Impressions of Australia Felix, during Four Years' Residence in that Colony : Australian Poems, &c., Lon., 1845, 12mo; 1847, 12mo. *■ The Impressions make up an amusing volume : one, too, which, taken cum grana, may be useful." — Lon. Athi-nfFum. "The details are amusing and intelligent, the remarks ai^ sen- sible and philosophic, and we have, as it were, gossiped through the whole of nearly four hundred pages, with the reverse of lassi- tude or discontent." — Lon. Lit. Gazdfp. "He possessed many facilities for acquiring information which were not accessible to the ordinary traveller, and he has not &iled to make the most of them." — Men of the Tinu\ Lon., 1856. Mr. Howitt has also given to the world (2.) Antediluvian Sketches, and other Poems, 1830, 12mo, pp. 148. ■'lijchard, too, has a true poetical feeling, and no small poetical power. His unpretending volume of verses well deserves a place in the library along with those of his enlightened relatives; for he loves nature truly as they do, and nature has returned his affection." — Christopher North; Noct^ Ambrosiana ; Blackwood's Mof/azine, xxix. 700. • "It is one of the few books of this sort that fully answers the title of Poems: — it is Poetry." — Fnctids^ Magazine. Oct. 1S30. "There is a great deal of poetical and also of good kindly feeling in this little volume. ... It is a rare thing to i^een whole family so gifted as the family of Howitt: truly their union must be a ' mu- sical meeting.' "—i>M. Lit. Gazette, Sept. 11, 1830. 3. The Gipsy King, and other Poems, 1841; 2d ed., 1846, fp. 8vo. Illustrated with eight wood engravings by Wil- liams. *' Full of genuine pictures of nature." — Lbioh IIcnt. ''Richard Howitt is worthy of his relationship to his celebrated brother and sister, William and Mary Howitt." — Lon. Ax'io MonUdy Magazine. See Lon. Athenamm, 1841, S5. Several other references to the Howitt family (by the illustrious Christopher North) will be found in Blackwood's Mag., xxiv. 674; xxix. 699. Howitt, Samuel. 1. 50 Etchings of Animals, 1S03 or 1804, 4to. 2. Field Sports, 1807. fol. 3. New AVork of Animals, 1811, 4to. 4. Miscellaneous Etchings, 1812. 5. British Sportsman, 1812, 4to. 6. Foreign Field Sports, 1814. 7. The British Preserve, r. 4to; new ed., 1840, r Svo; 1844; 1847. now ii,.-n;iit William, b. 1705, at Ileanor, in Derby- 1 sb^eTb h'u '1;'; "ml 'literary a;sociate of Mary IIow,.t W been nlrea- -"tii-^.sP",' »ges derived from personal observation," 4c.-1847, 38-41 , 05 Ob. HOW At this critique Mr. Howitt felt himself greatly aggrieved, and .so expressed himself, whereupon the reviewer r<>tu'-"ed to the attack with renewed ardour, (see Athena;um. 1S47, 117-149 ) Other notices of the work will be iouud on pp. 96, (a melancholy instance of bad temper and injustice by a correspondent of the journal,) 125, lol, lio, .00, .01, ^^" Mr Howitt has indeed done something to mark localities and dS^^^d-iiS'SaS-Si'cSif^:^^ iS^TKs^r^erssi^'H^SiSi if ?,,,' nri.. nal essays, are. in fact, nothing more than a collection SSk-^.S^^i-tnJc^p^^ See also Fraser's Mag., xxxv. 210; Amer. Whig Rev., "■ll'Lnd, Labour, and Gold; or. Two Yf^rs in Victoria with Visits to Sydney and Van Diemen s Land, ISdo, - ^"iwten our author is content with description, we fol'^ his 1 .,1 with nk-isure- when he generalizes, we lose our conhdeuce, r„'„r our'pwI"nre. ilis strength lies in a fresh »-' h-rty^^ feeiiea v» c ... Uff^'^—Lon. AtUfUCeum, 1S65. ijhS-biU. ^T6: 1 e and Adventures of Jack of the MiU, 1S44, 2 vols fp Svo; 1845, 2 vols. fp. 8vo; 1849, 2 vols fp. 8vo. . M .'nowitt possesses the happy knack of »«0'""''f »''°S J'^^ self to the youthful mind ; and there can be no qnes ion that hlB Jack of the Mill will become a favourite.' —ion. Obseivei. See also Britannia; Athenanim, &c. 17. Literature and Romance of Northern Europe, 1S52, 2vols. p. Svo: in conjunction with Mary Howil . ihi3 erudite work, tbe only complete one of the kind in the EnMish language, will be more and more prized in pro- p rtion as th°e tSste for Scandinavian l^'^ntnre becomes generally diffused among scholars in Great Biiain and The United States. It is an excellent guide to be litera- ure of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, with copious specimens of the histories, ™™''»7^' '^Sends, dramas, ballads, >' English.iian,-give^ us he e a most ori-inal work on Germany. He treats us and ou ..nan s w th such an earnestness of conviction, such a love ol unpai- «>mv such" n amiable candour, that we cannot censure him, but must re;pect what ho says."-^!^»em«,>« ZeMung, Feb. 5, "* We return our hearty thanks to Howitt, whose work w-e have so often quoted, for the extraordinary accuracy, freedom, and ^iobi itv of sDirit with which he h:is set himself to desc be the m1 ch'IamcteJrand circumstances of our country.-'-A.in.sc/ul ''il! RuraT U?e'of England, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1838, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1844, med. Svo. ,..,,, „rM, " One of the most beautiful, vigorous, fresh, and spirited of Mr Howitfs productions. It is written with good sense and good fefliDtr" — Court Journal. ■•Admirable, and to English readers indispensable, voumes; not merely a charming, but an ennobling work. —Lan. Atlas .■There is much that is pleasant and interesting in these volumes; but, as a whole, they have been over-elaborated. — Lon, Athnimim. 1838, 63-04. •'I should have been glad to have taken further note of the landscape of Theocritus, on which Mr. Howitt dwells with just deli"ht. Other parts of the book will be found very suggestive now and helpful to the reader nho cares to pursue the subject"— I lims.i!i: Mml. Painters, vol, ui. jlpp., p. SiT, ° ^"o """Jeci. See also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., iv. 410 22. Stories of English Life; Bohn's' Illustrated Lib , vol. xxi , 1853, p. 8yo : in conjunction with Mary Howitt. 23. \isits to Remarkable Pkces ; Old Halls, B:iHle-FieMs and Scenery illustrative of Striking Passages of English Uistory and Poetry. 1st Series, 1839, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1840 med. 8vo. 2d Series, 1841, med. Svo. Both series seve- ral times reprinted. Mr. Howitt intends to add several more vols, to the above, having copious materials on hand yet unpublished. "A rich treat for all genuine lovers of literature, historical an- tiquities, ,ind natural scenery: the m>,st deliKhtful book which JanZ?"" ut^ '"^'"'''° '""' f"^"'"''i"—UnUcJ .'Service Gtuctle, '■ « ritleu Kilh the enthusiasm of a poet and the knowledce of an autiijuar.v."— £on. Mmitldy ammiclt. See Eclce. Rev., 4th Ser., vii. 551; .xi. 193; Fraser's Mag., x.viu. 725; Athenajum, 1840, 34-36 ; Bost. Chris. E.Yam., X.K.X. 174. 24. Year-Book of the Country, 1850, p. Svo; 1852, p. Svo. ' Translations from the Gehman. 25. Peter Schlem- ihl; from AklelbcrtVon Chamisso ; German and En>'') '"• ^30; Bost. Chris. Exam., xxii! 11; N. iork Democratic Rev., x. 238. 27. The Wanderings of the Journeyman Tailor through Europe and the East, 1824-40; from the German (3d ed ) of P. D. Holthaus, 1844, fp. Svo ; 1849, fp. Svo. ' SJ:"",^'?^^ "'"'''' '° ^P"'"' ■"■« '"'^s' not bad so interestine a wondei-bouk for years."— ion. Chris. Eefurmur "'e-^esunj, a 28. Univers.al Hist, of Magic; from the German of Dr. Joseph Ennemoser. To which is added an appendix of apparitions, dreams second-sight, somn.ambi ism, Ac, selected by Mary Howitt. Bohns Scientific Library win r"'' .f"-' P- ^"'' '^^■*- I" "'''* translation, made whilst on his voyage to Australia, Mr. Howitt was us- istcd by his eldest son. The character of Ennemosc^s work IS well known to the German schol.ar. Mr. How tt has long contemplated the publication of a history of (he Life and Times of George Fox; hut whether it will ever see the ight is perhaps doubtful. In addition o ,he works above noticed, he is the author of the article "Quakers m the 7th edit, of the Encyclopedia Br ,n! mca, many pieces m The Literary Souviniis The Am„H Ac, and, m conjunction with Mary Howitt, edited, for the ^ZJTV "' ",' "^""''""■■""■^. (1847-19,3 vols. r. Svo,) Howitt s Journal, a periodical which started with a cir culation 01 30 000 copies. It was purchased by the owne; a ci^nrr' f ' ■^"T"'' ("f ""^''^ M--- """"t had been ^tsStf't^r^it'ir^!-!:"'^"'^-' ^-"- "^^^^^ We have quoted many opinions respecting Mr. Howitt's merits and demerits as a writer, but are obliged to wh hold many more from want of space. Whils! we ar" far from deeming him infallible, and consider that in Ms h^rs ^t Ume"t ''iT <"^ '■^ ^"1'""^^^^ "■^ imbHc mind ^tu?^^!::^f::^:x:>^t™=!-rr ^i:^p^:rwiiL;:-rif-.:--^;;,;:!iij heir extirpation. I might as well blame a neighbour Z apprumg me that my house was on fire, because he failed L le ,'''''""''^f'r'y°f'''="'^""'^°J«°f<'-^ti"guih^ presence of disease, unless he undertook at the sa„,n moment to arrest its course. With tho excep io the" fore, hmlcd at above, many of our co, ntrymen and countrywomen will unite with tho eommendatioTof our highest literary authority • "uauon ot our mr;s,7ipSiiheiamo';;rur'T{?-?r'^'"^H"'""'""'''^^ has hee^ m de^tfu?;;om "n^"!!! X,:;^5Si! '^^""^ "'^' "" HOY In. the last quarter of a century (few authors have been able so long to command the uniliminished interest of a novelty-loving public) many kind things have been said of William and Mary H(,witt; but we doubt if any tribute 18 more highly prized than that of Christopher North, recorded in the 5Cth Number of Noctes Ambro- siana;, April, 1831: see Blackwood's Magazine, xxix 699-700. See also the same periodical, xxiv. 674-075 • xxxviii. 300-301. "' 2. Practical Elocu! ^T^f'}^'^^' '2mo ; 6th ed., Phila., 1S55, I2mo. ,, the Selections evince very givat taste .ind jud-uient while A^J^l^L '^ """"i "-^ '^' »«™'Plished editor cinirot f"i of pr^ dncing the happiest results. The volume has been adODted ,s » text-book in Columbia College."_Clns. Antiion LL D * Mr. Hows edited The Modern Standard Drama, Ac Albir"^ '' ^"^'"^ ^'^"^ dramatic critic of the (N. York) Howse, Isaac. Mayors' Courts, ic, Lon., 17''9 fol Howship, John. Medical treatises. Lon., 1816 ' 'I7' Howson, John, 1556-1631, a native of Loii'doni educated at Christ Church. Oxford; Bishop of Oxford 1619 trans, to Durham, 1628. He was the author of a number of serms. pub. 1597-1661: and lour of his dis- courses against the supremacy of St. Peter were pub. in 1622, 4to by order of King James I., "to clear the asper- 6 ons laid up.ui h.m of favouring popery." See Bl ss's WorthL ■"• °"''°-' "•"^■'^'"^""■^ Durham jEulto's '■ Leaving behind him the character of a verv learned iriii, „,,,» ;r;^r ^'/.l^i^;;^'^:^ -^- <^- -'- =^^^^ Colh-^yf °t'' r?^" **'*"'' P'-i"'^iP«l of the Liverpool Colegiate Institution. 1 Eternal Life through Christ Sv^^ Tr""'S ^"'' E'^^^y '"•■ IS-"' Cainb., 1842, 1846 IS,!'", t"T- T ""'"' ""'' ^^"'' "''I'il^. l-on- 1S46 18mo. 3. Twelve Serms. for Family Readin. 1849 l'"mo -5 ^./"^'- "f ".- W^Ji'^rancani'a Lcctur?; Isls! W T O^^K '""^ ?'"',"'! "f ^'' P""' •• ^''^ CONVBEARE ".J. Of this most valuable work a new edit, has iust apfieared, Lon., 1S56, 2 vols. sq. cr. Svo, pn l^s" Howson, Robert, Rector of Stanfor"d-Dino-ley Berks, an, Lecturer of St. Nicholas Cole-Abbey, LuidoT 1. Scrm., Jan. 1 1698, Lon., 4to. 2. Serra., I7O3, Svo Howson, Wm. An llhistrated Guide to the Cu- riosities of Craven, Lon., 1850, I2mo Hoxton, t'apt. Walter. Agitation of the Ma-metio Needle in a Voyage from Maryland; Phil. TnuiL, f:^39 Hoy, James. Paper iu Trans. Linn. Soc, 1813 lloy, Thomas. Essays, and a Poem, 1682, '83 ^ Hoy, Ihomas. Papers in Trans. Linn. Soc, 1793, Hoyland, Rev. Mr. I. Odes, Edin., 1785, 4to 2 Poems, Slrawbeirv Hill, 1796 4to Wori?'""H^ i''°r''!'.- r}- ^''"°""' <"■ "=« «i-''- of the World. 2. Hist. of the Gypsies, York, 1816, Svo. Sef^Jlin'Re,':":- ^:;-o. ''"'""^' '""'■• '""- -"'' ■''• *- Hoyle, Edmuud, 1672-1769, pub. several works on IIOY nuD Games, 1744-61, of which there have hecn many edit?. There have been three new edit?, pub. in London in the last three years, viz.: 1. 1853, ISino, improved and en- larged by G. H.. pub. by Simpkin ; 2. 1854, 32mo, pub. by Allraau ; .'!. 1S55, .52mo; Hoyle'a Games made Familiar, by Eidrah Trebnr; llth ed., pub. by Ward and Locke. Hoyle, John. Dictionary of Mu.sic, Lon., 1791, Svo. Hoylc, Thomas, Jr. Pot-Ash ; Nic. Jour., 1738. Hoyt, E. Ai.tiquarian Researches; or, Hist, of the Indian Wars, Greenfield, Mass. Hoyt, J. B. A Pastor's Tribute to his People; or, Serms. upon various Sulijects, Norwich, N. York, 1851, 12mo. Hoyt, Ralph, Rector of the Episcop.il Church of the Good Siiepherd, New York, and a native of that city, has gained considerable reputation as a poet, and " golden opinions" by his persevering, self-denying Christian labours. 1. The Chaunt of Life, and other Poems, 1844. 2. Part Second of the Chaunt of Life, Ac. 3. Sketches of Life and Landscape. 1859. pub. for the benefit of the author's new church-edifice. Specimens of Mr. Hoyt's poetry will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, and in Duyckincks* Cyc. of Anicr. Lit. Sec also Poe's Literati ; South. Quar. Rev., xvi. 224 ; N. Haven Church Rev., i. 274. Hoyte, Henry. Conversion of Soils, Lon., 1801, 4to. Hubbaclt, Mrs., a niece of Jane Austen, the au- thoress, is also known as a successful novelist. 1. The Three Marriages. 2. May and December. 3. The Younger Sister. 1850, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. The Wife's Sister; or. The Forbidden Marriage, 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo. 5. The Old Vicarage, 1856, 3 vols. p. Svo. Hubback, John. Treat, on the Evidence of Suc- cession to Property and Peerages, Lon., 1844, r. Svo. An able work. See 2 Law Mag., N. S., 409 ; 26 Leg. Obs. Hubbard, F'ather. Tales; or. The Ant .and the Nightingale, 1604, 4to. Bl. letter. A''ery rare. Bindley, Pt. 4, 722, £13 10s.; resold. Perry, Pt. 1, 185S, £10 5s. Hubbard, Bcnj. Navigation, Lon., 1656, Svo. Hubbard, I'ordycc M. 1. New ed. of Dr. Jere- miah Belknap's American Biography, N. York, 1842, 3 vols. ISmo. See a list of contents in Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, .\i. 363. 2. Life of Wm. R. D.avie, Gov. of N. Car- olina, pub. in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d Ser. .w. 1-135. Hubbard, Geo. The City Tribute; or. Honest Effu- sions of Love and Liberty, Lon., 1810, Svo. Hubbard, H. Ixion, and other Poems, Best., 1852, 12mo. Hubbard, Henry. Serm., Camb.. 1750, 4to. Hubbard, John, a Dissenting minister. Two Serms. at Coward's Lecture, Lon., 1729, Svo. Nine of his serms. are in the Berry St. (Coward's Lect.) Serms., 2d ed., 1739, 2 vols. Svo. Hubbard, J. G. 1. Vindication of a Fixed Duty on Corn, Ac, Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. The Currency and the Country, 1843, Svo. " A valuable tract in favour of a single bank of issue.'' — McCul- lech's Lit. of Petit. Boon., 184. Hubbard, J. P. British Marble; Nic. Jour., 1810. Hubbard, Rev. John C, of Surrey, d. 1805. 1. Jac(d)iuisni ; a Pneni. 2. Triumphs of Poesy, 1803. Hubbard, Joseph .S., b. 1823, at New Haven, Conn., now Prof, of Mathematics in U.S. Navy, has contributed to the Astronomical Journal, (Cambridge, Mass.,) and to other ]>eriodicals. Hubbard, Leverett, M.D. Hist, of a Gangrene of the Scrutuui ; Memoirs Med.. 1792. Hubbard, William. The Tragicall and Lament.able Historic of two faythfull Mates Ceyx, Kyngeof Thrachine, and Alcione his Wife, drawen into English Meeter, Lon., 1569, Ifimo. See Gelding's trans, of the Xllh Book of Ovid's Metamorphoses; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Ritson's Bibl. Poet. Hubbard, William, 1621-1704, minister of Ipswich, Mass., graduated at Harvard College in the first class, 1642. 1. Election Serm., Bost., 1676: an excellent pro- duction. 2. A Narrative of the Tr/tn Dimton's Life ayid Ej-rirrs. ed. 1818. i. 133-134, q. v. for a favourable ac- count of the worthy divine's love of hospitality and good botiks. See also Hutchinson; Holmes; Hist. Collec. of JIass. Hubbell, Slartha Stone, 1814-1851!, a native of Oxford, Conn., and a daughter of Noah Stone, M.D., was married to the Rev. Stephen Hubbell in 1S32. At the time of her decease she was a resident of North Stonington, Conn. Mrs. Hubbell wrote a number of Childien's Stories for the Atnerican and Mass. Sunday-School Union, and the following work, of which 40,000 copies were sold within a year after its publication : The .Shady Side ; or, Life in a Country Parsonage, by a Pastor's Wife, Ilost., 1853, 12nio. "Life in a Country Parsonage in the States appears to be as pretty a martyrdom as the world has now to show." — Lon. Athtn- (tum. 18,i3. p. 616. Hubbert, Thomas. A Pill to purge Formality, Lon., 1650, sui. Svo. Hubbcrthorne, Riehard. 1. A True Testimony of the Zeal of Oxford Professors and University Men, Lon., 1654, 4to. 2. A Collection of bis several Books and Writ- ings, Lon., 1663. 4to. Hubbocke, Wm. 1. Serm., Lon., 1595, Svo. 2. Ora- tion gratulatorie to K. James, Oxf, 1604, 4to. King and Loehee's, in 1814, £5 15«. &d. Reprinted from the copy in the Bodleian Library, in Nichols's Progresses of K. James. Hubert, Sir Francis. 1. Historie of Edward IL, Lon., 1628, '29, Svo. This epic poem, according to the Bibl. Anglo-Poet., (q. v.,] was written by Richard Hubert, .and Sir Francis, his brother, was only the editor of the 2d edit. 2. Egypt's Favourite ; a Poem, 1631, Svo. See Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Lowndes's BiW. Man.; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1824. Hubert, J., or Huberts, A. Corner-Stone towards a new seat of Physicians in London, Lon., 1675, 4to. Hubert, or Forges, Robert. Catalogue of many Naturjil Rarities, Lon., 1664, '65, ]2mo. See an account of this collection (destroyed in the great fire of 1666) in Hawkins's Hist, of Music, iv. 378. Hubly, Barnard, of Pennsylvania. Hist, of the American Revolution. Hnch, Richard, M.D., Physician to the Army, d. 1785. Papers in Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767. Huckell, Rev. John. Avon; a Poem, 1811, 12mo. Hucks, J. 1. Pedestrian Tour through North Wales, Lon., 1795, 12mo. 2. Poems, 1798, 12mo. Huddart, Capt. Joseph, 1741-1816, pub. A Sketch of the Straits of G:isper, Lon., 17SS, Svo, several charts, and papers in Phil. Trans, and Nic. Jour., 1777-1S05. A Memoir of Capt. H. was privately printed in 1821, 4to. Huddesford, G. Reply to a Pamphlet in Defence of the Rector, Ac. of Exeter College, Oxf., 1655, Ito. Huddesford, George, a humorous poet. 1. Topsy- Turvy : Anecdotes, Ac., Lon., 1790, Svo. 2. Salmagund'i : Original Poems, 1793, Svo. 3. Poems; including Salma- gundi, Topsy-Turvy, Bubble .and Squeak, and Crambe Ro- petita, with Corrections and original Addits., 1801, 2 vols. Svo. See Lon. Month. Rev., xxxviii. 272-276. 4. Les Ch.ampignons du Diable, or Imperial Mushrooms ; a Mock- Heroic Poem in five Cantos, 1805, 12mo. 5. Wiccamical Chaplet : a Selection of Original Poetry, 1S05, cr. Svo ; Lowndes s.ays 1804, cr. Svo. Many of these pieces are by the editor. The title Tnccnnn'co/ denotes the" fact that the contributors were educated at Winchester School, which was founded by William of Wickham. " The Wiccamical effusions manifest great sportiveness of genius, and no inconsiderable portion of that 'Broadgi-in' which in the present age is preferred to merely elegant poetry."— ion. ilmtli Rev., xlix. 201-205, q. v.. Huddesford, Wm., D.D., d. 1772, Principal of Trin. Coll., Oxf 1, Catalogus Librorum manuscriptorum Viri IIUD HUG clarissimi Antonio a Wood, Oxf., 1761, Svo. 2. Martini Lister, M.D., Historioe, sive Synopsis Conchylionum et Ta- bularum Anatomicarum : Editio altera, Ac, Oxf., 1770, fol. 3. Lives of Leland, Hearue, Antiiony a Wood, &c., 1772, 2 vols. Svo. Huddleston, John. Infant Baptism. Lon., 1769, Svo. Iluddlei^toii, John. Speecli in II. of Commons, 1805, Svo. Huddleston, Lawrence. Boats; Nic. Jour., 1703. Huddleston, Robert, 1776-l!i27, a Seotch anti- quary. New ed. of loland's Hist, of tlio Druids, Mon- trose, 1814, Svo. Huddleston, Wm., Eector of Navenden, Kent, for- merly a Benedictine monk. Scrm. [Recantation] on 1 Kings xxii. 21. 22, Lon., 1729, Svo. Huddleston, Wm., Vicar of Tirley, Gloucestershire. Divine Truths Vindicated in the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1733, Svo. Hudleston, Richard, a Benedictine monk. A Short and Plain Way to the Faith and Church : with Charles II. 's Papers found "in his Closet after his Death, Lon., 168S, 4to. Hudlcy, George. Trade Winds; Phil. Trans., 1735. Hudson, Mrs. See Don.\t, Mrs. Hudson, Kcv. Charles, and Eduard Shirley Kennedy. Where there's a Will there's a Way : an As- cent of Mont Blanc by a New Route, and without Guides, Lon., 1856, p. Svo. Commended by the Lon. Athenteum; and see also Westm. Rev., Oct. 1S56. Hudson, F. Monumental Brasses of Northampton- sbire, Lon., 1853, imp. fol. 90 engravings executed in bronze, being a new process, presenting fac-similes of the brasses described. Hudson, Henry, an eminent English navigator, respecting whom particulars will be found in the authori- ties cited below, whilst returning, in the spring of 1611, from the discovery of the bay which bears his name, was set adrift in a shallop, with his son and seven sailors, by his mutinous crew. They were never heard from again. 1. Divers Voyages and Northern Discoveries, 1607. 2. A Second Voyage for finding a Passage to the East Indies by the North-East, 1608. See Purchas's Pilgrimcs, vol. iii. ; Descriptio ac Delineatio geographica Detectionis Freti, sive Transitos ad Occasum, supra Terras Americanas, Amst., 1612, 4to; Life of Hudson, in Biog. Brit, iv. 2691- 2695 ; do., by Henry E. Clevel.and. in Sparks's Amcr. Biog., 1st Ser., X. 185-261. A Life of Hudson, for juvenile readers, by the Rev. Francis L. Hawks. D.D., has been recently pub. by D. Appleton & Co., of New York. Respecting Hudson's explorations, accounts will be found in several of the au- thorities noted by us in our life of Sir John Franklin in this Dictionary. "The heroic but unfortunate Iludsoa: — one of the brightest n.-tmes in the history of English maiilime adventure." — Edward £verctt's Orotinn on oc'.asio/t o/the InaiKjuraiion of the Dudley As- trotio}iiical Ob^rrralort/ at Alhanij, Aug. 28, 1S56. Hudson, Henry. The Hours : in Four Idylls, 1818, Svo. Hudson, Henry Norman, b. Jan. 28. ISll.in Corn- wall, Addison county, Vermont, graduated at Middlebury Coll., 1840; ordained a clergyman of the Protestant Episco- pal Church, by Bishop Whittingham, in Trinity Church, N. York, 1849. 1. Lectures on Shakspeare, N. York, 1848, 2 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed. in same year. These admirable lectures were delivered, in 1843 and several following years, in the principal cities of the United States. See N. Amer. Rev., Ixvii. 84, (by E. P. Whipple;) Chris. Exam., xlv. .lOS, (by C. A. Bartol;) Amer. Whig Rev., viii. 39, (by G. W. Peck;) Amer. Lit. Mag., ii. 387 ; Democratic Rev., xvi. 412. 2. The Works of William Shakspeare: The Text carefully restored according to the First Editions; with Introduc- tions, Notes, Original and Selected, and a Life of the Poet, Munroe A Co., Best., 1851-56, 11 vols. 16mo. As regards size and print, this edition is modelled upon the favourite one in England known as the Chiswick Edition. It eon- tains all the Plays, Poems, and Sonnets of Shakspeare. We have several commendations before us of I^lr. Hudson's editorial labours, but have space for the following only : '' There is every probability that as soon as Mr. Hudson's Shak- Bpe.ire becomes known, as it well deserves to be, in this country, it will meet with no inconsiderable amount of patronage here." — ^'ew ^London) Quarterly Recievi. "Mr. Verplanck has brought tlie treasures of a various and re- condite learning, with no common share of critical s.igacity, to tlie illustration of Shak3pe.ire. Following in the samp direction, but striking out a new path, i\Ir. Hudson has enriched the Htcra- tiire of our language with the fruits of Ins studios, mastering the riifliculties of the poet with wonderful ingenuity, seizing the spirit of his characterization with kindred subtlety, and, in a sin- gularly nervous and racy style, presenting some of the finest spe- cimens of critical analysis of which anv modern writer can boast." Mr. Hudson has been a contributor to the Church Re- view, the American Whig Review, and (he Democratic Review, and in 1850 pub. a Scrm. entitled Old Wine in Old Bottles. In 1857 he originated and edited the Ame- rican Church Monthly, pub. in N. York. Hudson, J. C. 1. Plain Directions for Making Wills; 4th ed.. 1S3S, fp. Svo ; 9th ed. pub. 2. Executor's Guide, Lon., 1838, fp. Svo. New cd., 1854, fp. Svo. 3. Tables for Valuing Annuities, Ac; 2d ed., 1842, Svo. 4. Parent's Handbook, 1842, fp. Svo. Mr. Hudson's works are of great value. Hudson, J. W. History of Education, Lon., 1851,8vo. Hudson, John, 1662-1719, a native of Cumberland, educated at Queen's Coll., Oxf., is known by his excellent edits, of Thucydides, Oxon., 1696, fid.; Minor Greek Geographers, 1698-1712, 4 vols. Svo, and in 6 vols. Svo; Dionysius Halic.arnassus, 1704, 2 vols. fol. ; Esop's Fables, 171.8, Svo; Josephu.s, 1720, 2 vols, fol.; and other works. See Biog. Brit. ; Anthony Hall's preface to the Joscphus ; Athen. Oxon.; Dibdin's Greek and Latin Classics ; Dib- din's Lib. Comp. ; llallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1S54, iii. 251 ; H. G. Bohn's Genl. Cat., 1848, Pt. 2, 522, 539; Lon. Gent. Mag. for 1734, vol. iv. 553. Hudson, Joseph. Six Y'ears' Residence in Hud- son's Bay, 1733-36 and 1744-47, Lon., 1752, Svo. A cood book. Hudson, Michael. Government, Lon., 1647, Svo. Hudson, Richard. Land-Valuer's Assistant, Lon., 1781, 12mo. Hudson, Samuel. 1. Visible Catholick Churcli, Lon.. 1645, 4to. 2. Vindication of the same, 1650, 4to. Hudson, Thomas. The Ilistorie of Judith, in forme of a Poeme. Trans, from Du Bartas, Lon., 1584, Svo; 1611, 4to. Some extracts from his poems will be found in England's Parnassus. See Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic, 220; Drake's Shakspeare and his Times. Hudson, Thomas. Odes, 1759, '61, '65. Hudson, W. E., d. 1853. 1. Statute Law of Ireland and Eug., Dubl., 1S29, Svo. " A learned and admirable treatise.'' — 1 Leg. Hep. 244. 2. Elective Franchise, Dubl., 1832, 12mo. 3. In con- junction with John Brooke. Irish K. B. and Exchec). Re- ports, 1827-28, vol. i. and 3 Pts. of vol. ii., Dubl., 1829-35. Hudson, Wm., 1730 ?-1793, a native of Westmore- land, was one of the first English botanists who adopted the Linnsean .System. Flora Anglica, Lon., 1762, 8to. Greatly improved, 1778, 2 vols. Svo. Hues, Robert. Tractatus de Glohis, Ac, 1611-63. Huitgan, A., M.D. Con. to Med. and Phys. Jour., 1799, 1800. Huggard, or Hoggard, Miles, pub. several poeti- cal and other works in defence of the R. Catholic faith, 1548-57. See Ritson's Bibl. Poet.; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Brydges's Brit. Bibliog. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 979; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1032. Hugget, Anthony. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to. Huggins, Wm., d. 1761. Part of Orlando Furioso; from the Italian, Lon., 1758, Svo. Hugh, Abbot of Reading, d. 1164, a native of France, who resided in England during part of the reign of Henry I., is chiefly known as a writer by a treatise on theology, in seven books, which "Exhibits much profundity of thought and metaphysical learning." — Wrig/U's BOy. Brit. Lit., A/ighj-S^'orinan Period,'q.v. Some of Hugh's writings have been published. Hugh de Rutland, a poet lemp. Richard I., accord- ing to M. de la Rue, dwelt at Credenhill, in Cornwall. His best-known poem is the Romance of Ipomedon, of which he wrote a continuation, entitled the Romance of Prothesilaus. The first (MS. in the Brit. Mus.) extends to upwards of 10,000 lines, and the latter (MS. in the Royal Lib. at Paris) extends to nearly 11,000 linos. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period. Hughe, Wm., d. 1549, one of the English Reformers, educated at Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf. 1. The Troubled Man's Medicine, Lon.. 1546, '67, 16mo. Another ed., 16mo, s. a.. Bed circ. 1558? 2. A Sweet Consolation, and the second booke of The Troubled Man's Medicine, 1567, Svo. See British Reformers, vol. xi. Hughes. Commentary on the Books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Psalms to Zachariah, and the whole of the N. Test., 1851, 5 vols. 12mo. In the Welsh lan- guage. This has been styled " The most extensive and best Welsh Commentary extant." • ntTG Hughes, Mrs. Poems, novels, and dramas. 1(84-90. Hughes, Benj. 1. Simon Magus; a Poem, Lon., 1774 4to. 2. Epistle to Junius, 1774, 4to. Hughes, Charles. The Compleat Horseman 1, ,2. Hughes, D. Law rel. to Insurances, Lon., lS.iS, svo, 1st Amer. ed., N. York. 183.'!, Svo. ,.„,-, ,„ „ " A plain, methodical, and correct Tre.it,se."-3 h'xt, 351 n. Hughes, Edward, Head-Master of the Royal Naval Lower School, Greenwioh Hospital, has pub. a m.inber of valuahle educational works on Geography, History, Arithmetic, Reading, Ac, Lon., 1848-06. , Hughes, George, lC03-ir.(i7, a native of Southwark, educated at Corpus Christi Coll.. Oxf., and Fellow of Pembroke Coll., Lecturer of AUhallows, Loudon, and subsequently miuister of Tavistock, during the Rebellion obtained the living of St. Andrews, Plymouth, from which he was ejected for Non-conformity in 16b2. He pub. a Perm., 1647, three theolog. treatises, 1644 68, 70, and An Analytical E.xpos. of Genesis and of XXIII. Chapters of Exodus, (Plymouth,) 1672, fol. "A very eKiborate and curious wcik : it is not of common oc- currence." — lIornr\^ Bihl. Bib. „ t , t» ■ u Hughes, Griffith, minister of St. Lacy's Parish, Barbadoes. 1. Natural Hist, of Biirbadoes, Lon., 1 , 50, fol. •'Instead of the crude, irregular descriptions of this author, the naturalist is to be punctual, exact, and express . . As to his talents for natural history, it was an unlucky mistake in him ?o supMse them such as could enable him to go hmugh so ardu^ ous aTsk as the history of the product^ of a whole island though a very small one."-£o>!. Month. Rev., July, lioO, 197-206. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 97. ,,.,,. 2. Of a Zoophyton resembling the flower of the Man- gold ; Phil. Trans., 1743. Hughes, H. Retribution, and other Poems, Lon., ' Hughes, H. G. Practice of the Ct. of Chan, in Ire- land Dubl., 1S37, 8vo. Of little value. See 1 Leg. Rep., 17. Hughes, H. H. Beauties of Cambriii, Lon., ob. 4to. Hughes, H. M., M.D., Assistant Physician to Guy s Hospital. A Clinical Introduction to the Practice of \uscultation, Lon., 1845, 12mo; 2d ed., improved, lSo4, ionio; 2d Amer. from the 2d Lon. ed., Phila., 1854, 12mo. "Fmbodyim' the existing state of our knowledge, and alitie free from dogmatism or assumption, we recognise m its precepts the efforts of a practical physician, fully competent, and eimally anxious, to forward science by dispassionately discussing truth. —Duhliti Qmr. Jnurnal of Mid. Science. Hughes, Henry, Curate of Great Linford, Bucks. Serm., Lon., 1833, 12mo. Other works. Hughes, Henry, Perpetual Curate of All-Saints, Gordon-Square. 1. The Voice of the Anglican Church ; heinf the declared opinions of her Bishops on the Doc- trine's of the Oxford Tract Writers ; with an Introductory Essay, Lon., 1842, 12mo. The prelates cited are, The Archbishops of Canterbury, Armagh, Dublin, and Cashcl ; the Bishops of Winchester, Durham, London, E.'ieter, Bristol, Chester, Hereford, Ripon, Worcester, Salisbury, Oxford, Llandaff, Down and Connor, and Calcutta. 2. Congregational Psalmody, 1843, 12mo. Hughes, Hugh, D.D., Rector of St. John's, Clerken- well, London. Female Characters of Holy Writ ; in a Course of Serms. : 1st Ser., 1845, 12mo; 2d Ser., 1846, 12mo; 3d Ser., 1847, 12mo. „ ,. , '■ Many Christian women will doubtless thank Dr. Hughes for having led them to dwell more thoughtfully on those parts of Scripture specially intended for their instruction.''— ion. Chris- tian Lctilii^ Mag. , ^ u- ■' They are highly instructive.— models of popular teaching, and we scarcely know a book better adapted to family reading." — i3rt^ Qiiar. Rev. Hughes, J. G. Sketch of the Philosophy of Pusey- ism. Lon.. 1844. 8vo. Hughes, Jabez, 1685-1731, a younger brother of John Hughes, the poet, (1677-1720,) pub. trans, from Claudian, Lucan, Suetonius, and Cervantes, 1714, '17, '23, '29. His Miscellanies, in Verse and Prose, were pub., Lon., 1737, 8vo. See Nichols's Select Collection of Poems; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. Hughes, James. Kentucky Supreme Ct. Reports, 1785-1801, Lexington, 1803, 4to. Hughes, James. 1. Practice in Civil Actions under the Code of Indiana, Gin., 1856. 2. Manual for Executors and Administrators in Indiana, 1856. 3. Statutes of In- diana; a newly-revised ed., 1856. 4. In conjunction with David McDonald and Albert G. Porter, A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of Indiana from its organization to the present time ; being a Digest of the 8 vols, of Blackford's Reps, and of the first 6 vols, of In- diana Reports. (The above four works are announced as "in press by H. W. Derby &, Co. of Cincinnati, May, 1856.) HUG Hughes, John, 1677-1720, a native of Marlborough, a contributor to The Tatlcr, Spectator, and Guardian, and the author of the whole or the principal part of the hssays. Discourses, Ac. of the Lay Monk, (2d ed., 1714, 12mo ) a sequel to the Spectator, has lost the poetical reputation which he enjuved. He was educated at a Dissenters Academy in London, and subsequently held a plac^e in the Office of Ordnance, and was Secretary to the Com- missioners for the purchasing of lands for the royal dock- yards. Later in life he was Secretary to the Commis- sioners of the Peace. 1. Poem on the Peace of Rysw'<^k 1697 2. The Court of Neptune, 1699. 3. Ode on the Death of K. William, 1702. 4. Ode in Praise of Music 1703, 4to. 5. Spenser's Works, with Life, Ac 1, Id 6 vols. lOmi. 6. The Siege of Damascus ; a Tragedy, 1720, 8%o. The author died on the same night that this piece was first performed with great applause. 7. Poems and Prose Essays, 1735, 2 vols. 12mo ; Posth. He trans. Fontenelle 3 Dialogues of the Dead, and Discourse concerning the An- cients and Moderns, the Abbe Vertot's Hist of the Revo- lutions in Portugal, Letters of Abe ard and H^loisa an 1 wrote the preface to the Complete Hist, of England 1, Ob, 3 vols f,,l. His Correspondence was pub. by the ttev. J. Duncombe, with Notes, 1772, 3 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed., 1, i3, 3 vols. p. Svo. As a translator, Hughes is entitled to con- siderable credit: of his original ettorts The Siege ot Da- mascus is the only piece by which he is now known to the reading public. Addison thought so highly of Hughes s dramatic abilities that he begged him to write the fifth Act "^'^rushes was very capable of writing this fifth Act The Siege of Damascus is a better tragedy than Cato, though l^^I^.^ff^S'^d to speak slightingly of its author."-DK. JoSEPU Wabiox : iVo(e to Poue's Prologue to Cato. , t ^l. i ^^« "lie [HughesJ is too grave a poet for me, and, I think, among the Meiliocrists in prose as well as ver.se."— i'tt'i.A to Pope. "What he wanted in genius, he made up .as an honest man, but ho was of the class you think him."— i'"i)c to Swijt. Dr. Johnson, who in his life of Hughes quotes the above, (and more of the same correspondence,) avoids giving any opinion respecting the literary merits of his author ; but it is easy to perceive that he agrees with the estimate he cites. An eminent critic, in his comments upon the merits of our author, remarks : . . , . "The only piece, however, which can with any propriety claim for Hughes the appellation of a poet, is The Siege ol Damascus. Of this Drama, which is still occasionally acted, the sentiments and morality are pure and correct, the imagery frequently beauti- ful and the diction and versification for the most part clear and melodious. It is defective, notwithstanding, in the most essential nualitv of dramatic composition, the power of affecting the pas- sions ■■ and is. therefore, more likely to afford pleasure in the closet than on the stage Hughes has more merit as a translator of poetry than as an original poet On the prose of Hughes 1 am inclined to bestow more praise than on his poetry All the periodical essavs of Hughes are written in a style which is, in general, easy, correct, and elegant : they occasionally exhibit wit and humour; and they uniformly tend to inculcate the best pre- cepts, moral, prudential, and religious."— /(rate's Essays Musira- live of the Taller, Spectator, and Guardian, (vol. iii. 26-50.) ij.ii. for an account of Hughes's share in these periodicals ; and see the Pre- faces to the various edits, of these works. In addition to authorities cited above, see Life of Dun- combe, in Biog. Brit.; Spence's Anecdotes; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Index to Lon. Gent. Mag. Hughes, John, 1682-1710, a Fellow of Jesus College, Cauib. 1. Dissertationes in quibus auctoritas Ecclesiastica quatenus a civili sit distincta, defenditur, contra Erastianos, Camb., 1710, Svo. In English, by Ililk. Bedford, Lon., 1711, Svo. 2. St. Chrysostom's Treat, on the Priesthood, Camb.. 1710, Svo; 2d"ed., with Notes, Ac, 1712, Svo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 535-537, 815. " A learned hand." — Bp. Atterbury. See Lysons's Environs; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xlviii. ; Nichols's Atterbury. Hughes, John. Serm., Ac, 1S03, '04, both Svo. Hughes, John, the " Buller of Brazennose," (though really of Oriel,) celebrated in Wilson's Christopher in the Tent, was the author of an Itinerary of Provence and the Rhone during 1819, (1822, Svo, 1S29, Svo,) and poetical and ^ other compositions. The literary merits of Hughes are depicted in glowing terms by Miss Mitford in her Recol- lections ; and a still greater authority has lavished his en- comiums upon the Itinerary : " A poet, a draughtsman, and a scholar, who gives such an ani- mated description of Chateau Grignan, the dwelling of Madame de S6vigne's beloved daughter, that no one who has ever read the book would be within forty miles of the same without going a pil- grimage to the spot."— Sir Walter Scott. This work contains thirteen good etchings by the author ; and a set of Views in Provence and on the Rhone, r. 4to, illustrative of the Itinerary, was engraved by W . B. Cooke. HUG IIUI "Was not bis Provence and the Rhone almost the onlyhooX ever praistd in the Waverley Novels? [In Quentin Burward.] D-es not he contrive in hi.-; joninals to make Lis pen do double duty as sketcher and writer?" — Mi^s Mitford : ttbi sujn-ii. Hughes, the Most Rev, John, D.D., Archbishop of the Ruinan Catholic Church in New York, b. in the North of Irebtnd, 1798, came to America in 1817, was educated at the College of Mount St. Mary, Emmetsburg, Maryhmd; ordained in 1825, and shortly afterwards appointed pastor of a church in Philadelphia; Bishop-administrator of the Diocese of New York, 1838; Archbishop of theR. C. Church in New York, 1850. He has pub. a number uf Sermons, Lectures, &c., principally in defence of his ecclesiastical tenets. His discussion with the Rev. Dr. Breckinridge, a Presbyterian divine, on the R. C. Religion, was pub. Phila., 1836, Svo, his Controversy with Senator Brooks on the pro- prietorship of Church property, N. York. 1855, 12mo, and his Review of the Letters of Kirwan, 1855, 32mo. Hugrhes, Joseph. Serm., &c., Lon., 1802, '04. Hughes, Joseph, Sec. to the Brit, and For. Bible Soc. Funl. Serin, on the Rev. John Owen, one of the Secretaries of the Brit, and For. Bible Soc, on Ps. xxxiv. 13, Lon., 1822, 8vo. See a Memoir of Mr. Hughes by the Rev. J. Leifchild, Lon., 12mo. "What a loss would dear Mr. TIuEhes be to the Bible Society, and to the relii^ious world in Kenoral 1 I am quite of opinion with you. that the aduiirabk^ temper and prudence nf i\Ir. Hughes have been as serviceable as the more brilliant talents oliMi'. Oweo : both admirable men, — par wihik fratrum." — licv. Robert Hall to Jiev. James Philbps, Leicester, March G, 181S: Hall's ^yi^}•}iS, ed. Lon., 1853, v. 5X7-518. Hughes, J. T# Politics of England and Franco at the close of 1797, Lon.. 1797, Svo. Hughes, Lewis. Theolog., Ac. works, Lon., 1615-42. Hughes, Michael. Rebellion of 1745, Svo, 1746. '47. Hughes, Obadiah, D.D., 1695-1744, a Dissenting minister at Westminster. Scrms., 1722-46. Hughes, R. E- Two Summer Cruises witb the Baltic Fleet in 1854—55; being the Log of tho Pet; with Views and Charts, Lon., 1S55, p. Svo. " Blr. H. tells u.s at fir.'^t-hand of Bomarsnnd and Sveahorg. lie sketches sea and coast life, and appears to be a man whose attain- ments lit him for the business." — Lon. Athenamn. Hughes, Capt* R, M. Duties of Judge-Advocates, Lon., lSo5. Svo. Hughes, Rice. Serms., &c., 1790-1803. Hughes, Richard, Surgeon. 1. Hernia; Med. Com., 1792. 2. Diarrhea; Med. Facts, 1795. Hughes, Mrs. iS. Friendly Visits from the Muse; or, Tlie Consolations of Solitude, 1810, Svo. Hughes, Samuel. See Coventry, Tdomas, No. 3; Harrison, S. B., No. 2. The Index of tho two former and the Digest of the last form a complete Digest of English Common Law Reports. Hughes, T., Surgeon. Papers in Med. Facts, 1792. Hughes, T. R, 1. Rep. of Case the King v. Bebb, Ac., Lon., ISIl, Svo. 2. Friendly Loan Societies, 1841, 12 m 0. Hughes, T. M. 1. Revelations of Spain in 1845; 2d ed., Lon., 1845. 2 vols. p. Svo. '•The work recently published in London, entitled Revelations of Spain, contains a most interesting account of the events from the fall of Espartero to the present day. which are appreciated in a manner woithy of the subject and of a fiee and enlightened country." — Eco del Cnmrrcio, of Madrid. 2. The Ocean Flower; a Poem : Preceded by an Hist, and Descrip. Account of the Island of Madeira, 1S45, 12mo. "We can cordially recommend it to all who are interested in the inland of Madeira, as beinj^ the jdeasantt'st book hitherto written on this ' Flower of the Ocean and Clem of the Sea.''' — Lon. Jftiv Quar. /iVi'. 3.TheBiliad; or. How to Criticize; 3d ed., 1846, fp. Svo. 4. Iberia Won; a Poem, 1S47, p. Svo. 5. Revela- tions of Portugal, and Narrative of an Overland Journey to Lisbon ; 2d ed., 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo. " Mr. Huirhes's volumes are full of entertainment, and contain much valuable information on the real sUiteof the Peninsula.*' — Britannia. 6. Portuguese Perfidy Exposed, 1848, Svo. Hughes, Thomas. Arthur; a Trag., Lon., 15S7, Svo. Hughes, Thomas. Tbe Ascension ; a Poetical Essay, Lon., 1780, 4to. Hughes, Thomas Smart, D.D., became Preb. of Peterborough in 1S27. 1. Bel;^hazzar's Feast; a Sentoqian Prize Poem, 1813. 2. Travels in Sicily, Greece, and Al- bania, Lon., 1S20, 2 vols. 4to, with fifteen Maps and Plates, £5 58. New ed., 1S30, 2 vols. Svo, £1 4«. In this edit, the largo plates are omitted. See Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1830, pp. 020-fi22. "Classical, antiquarian, and descriptive of the state of society, political, civil, religious, and domestic; bearing marks of much information and enquiry, ft sound judgmentand good education." "Steven aon^ a Vni/ot/es and Travels. 3. Divines of the Church of England, with Summaries of their Discourses, Notes, Lives, Ac., 22 vols. am. Svo: pub. by A. J. Valpy. '•No divine, no student, nay. no erentleman, should be without it. No work is at present more needed, or more likely to sci-ure at once the extensive circolatiun that it deserves." — Lon. Sun. 4. Hist, of England, from the Accession of George III. to the Accession of Victoria, 1760-1S37; being a Con- tinuation of Hume and Smollett, 183r), 7 vols. Svo, 10*. 6(/. each. Again, 1847, 7 vols. Svo, ll)«. 6(Z. each. New ed., with tho authors last Corrections and Improvements, 1S66, 7 vols. Svo, 10s. 6(^ each ; also in cr. Svo, 4s. each. The new ed. of tho History of England just pub. (1S56) by Bell and Daldy, Fleet St., London, in 18 vols. cr. Svo, 4s. each, is thus arranged r^vols. i.-vi., Hume's portion ; vols, vii.- xi., Smollett's portion ; vols, xii.-xviii., Hughes's portion. The edit. (Valpy's, also pub. by Mr. Bell) which preceded this in 1848, Ac. is in 21 vols. Svo, 5s. each; viz. : Hurae, i.-viii. ; Smollett, ix.-xiii.; Hughes, xiv.-xxi. There was also an edit, in 1854, 18 vols. Svo. Of the above edits, either portion can be had separately. " Mr. Hughes's undertakinfi was one of no mean difficulty. lie has, however, executed his task in a way equally honourable to his understanding and his industry; and the result i.s, an im- partial and critical history of one of the most important epochs of ancient or modern times." — Lon. Monthly Mag. "The author appears moderate and impartial as regards opi- nions, lie seems to have sou-^ht after his facts and information with pains-taking industry, and to have combined his materials with sufficient skill ; whilst his narrative carries us smoothly and quietly along without excitement, without weariness." — Lo}\. Spectator. 5. An Essay on the Political System of Europe: its Connexion with the Government of G. Britain, and the General Policy of the European States, 1855, 12mo. Pre- fixed to this vol. is a Memoir of Dr. Hughes's ecclesiastical and literary life, to which we refer tlie reader. See a notice of the last-named work in the London Atheu^um, 1855. p. 291. Hughes, Rev. W. 1. Tour in France in 1802, Lon., 1S03, Svo. 2. An Elegy on Spencer Perceval, 1812, Svo. Hughes, VVm. The Grand Abridgt. of the Law Con- tinued, Lon., 1600-62, 3 vols. 4to. This is a supp. to the earlier abridgts. It is good authority. Huglies pub. other law-books. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. Hughes, Wm. Serms., &c., Lon., 1652-96. See an account of this author and his works in Athen. Oxon. Hughes, Wm. 1. Complete Vineyard, Lon., 1670, Svo. 2. American Physician, 1672, 12mo. 3. Flower- Garden, 1672, 1734, 12mo. Hughes, Wm. Serms., &c., 1749-1812. Hughes, Wm., has pub. a number of atlases and valuable geographical works. Lon., 1S41-56. He has re- cently given to the world on excellent Atlas of Classical Geography, edited by George Long, 1854, r. Svo, and ia now (1850) employed upon tbe completion of the late Samuel Maunder's Treasury of Geography. Hughs, Mrs. Mary, a nntive of Newcastle-upon- Tyne, England, emigrated to Philadelphia in 1S18, and soon became favourably known as the proprietor of an Academy for Young Ladies, which she conducted for twenty-one years. As an authoress Mrs. Hughs is widely known by Aunt Mary's Library for Boys and Girls, 10 vols. ; Ornaments Discovered, Stoines for Children, Emma Morti- mer, Buds and Blossoms, Ac. She has been a contributor to several periodicals. See Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record, Hughson, D., LL.D., i. e. Dr. Pugh. 1. Hist., Ac. of London, Ac, Lon., 1806-09, 6 vols. Svo. See Upcott's Eng. Topog.. ii. 659-672. 2. Privileges of London, 1S16, 12mo. 3. Walks through London, Westmin.ster, Bouth- wark, Ac., 1817, 2 vols. Svo; also on large paper in 8vn, and largest paper, r. Svo. Seo Upcott's Eng. Top., iii. 1478-1481. Hugo Candidus, d. after 1155, Sub-Prior of the Al)bey of Peterborough, is known as an author by his history of tho monastery of Peterborough, pub. in Joseph Sparke's collection, Lon., 1723. fol. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit, Anglo-Norman Period, 176-178. Hugo of Lincoln. Vitam, ab Adamo, Ac. See. Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1571-72. Hugo, i>Iinor. 1. Hints and Reflections for Railway Travellers and others, Lon., 1843, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Horse- Shoe Nails, 1843, 12mo. Hugo, T. Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, 1854, fy. Svo. Huicke, Wm. The Fourme of Common Prayer vsed in the Churches of Geneva, Lon., 1550, Svo. Huidekopcr, Frederic, b. A pril 7,181 7.at Meadville, Pa. The Belief of the First Three Centuries concerning HUM from If 75-1805. prepared from his MSS. by his daughter, Mrs. Mnria Cii.nipbf;ll : together with the History of the Campaign of 1812 and Surrender of the Post at Detroit, by his grandson^ James Freeman Clarlie, N. Yorli, 1848, Svo. See also Siuith. Lit. Mess., xiv. 319. Hull, William. 1. Six Uiscourses, Lon.. 1830, Svo. 2. Ecdcsiastieal Establishments not Inconsistent with Christianity: 3d ed., 1S47, 12nio. Other works. Hull, VVilliam, Jr. Hist, of the Glove Trade, Lon., 1834, Svo. Hull, William Wiiistanley, of Lincoln's Inn, late Fellow of Lrazennose Coll., 0.\f , has pub. several theolog. treatises, Lon., 1845, &Q. Hullah, John, h. 1812, Worcester, Eng., is widely a spirit of genuine piety."-&»H,V. G..a,.,ian. ] known as the author f "^ Y.P"^!.-"™^ ™ h" sucerssM Huise, John. Florilegium Phrasicon ; or. a Survey practice of music, Lon., 1842-5,, and tor his successtul HUI Christ's Mission to the Underworld, unpub. edition, Mead- villc, 1853, 8vo; Bost., 1854, 12mo. Edited Forest's Hist, of the Trinity, Meadvilh;, 1853, 8vo ; Bost., 185B, 12mo. Huie, James. Abridgt. of the Stat. rel. to Excise; 3d ed.. lOdin., 1833, 8vo. Olisnleto. Huie, James A. 1. Hist, of Christian Missions, Lon., 1842, 12nio. '■ The .lutlior has honounihly exerted himself to procure accu- rate infnrniatinn." — Lon. All>en(rum. 2. Hist, of the Jews; 2d ed., 1842, fp. Svo. '• A ti ustwoithy history of the modern Jesys,"—V'mlempleted in about twenty monthly parts. Humberston, H. The Sign of the Cross; a Serm. on Ezek. v. 0. In Catholick Serms., (Lon., 1741, 2 vols. Svo,) ii. 65. Hume. Horologes, Ac, Par., 1640, Svo. Hume. Sacred Succession, 1710, Svo. Hume. Analysis of the Water at Bridlington, Lon., 1816, Svo. Hume, A., M.D. Medical Assist,, Lon., 1776, 12mOi Hume, Sir Abraham, 1748-9-1838, a naval officer, wrote a short treatise on improvement in naval architec- ture, which was commended. See Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1838. Hume, Rev. Abraham, LL.D. The Learned So- ' 913 HUM cieties and Printing Clubs of the United Kingdom, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo; 2d edit, with a Supp. by A. I. Evans, 1853, p. Svo. *'This is one of a nnmerous class of works hastily compiled and written, and. as a natural consequence, full of errors." — Lon. Athma'tan, 1S47, 733. The censures of the AthenEeum — a portion of which only we have above quoted — elicited some comments from Dr. Hume, for which see same periodical, 1847, p. 796. The Lon. Medical Gazette and the Lon. Spectator com- mend the work in hif;h terms. Hume, Alexander, 16G0?-1609, minister of Logie, grandson of Patrick Hume, titth Baron of Polwortb, pub. in 1599. Edin.,4to, a book entitled Ilymnes. or Sacred Songs, portions of which have been several times reprinted, and the whole was repub. lately by the Bannatyne Club. Of these pieces, the Day Estival is considered the most beau- tiful, and was highly commended by Dr. Leyden and others. An account of this author and three other Alexanders Hume will be found in Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1S55, 02-96. Watt ascribes to this writer two theolog. treatises, but we presume them to have been written hy the next-named Alexander Hume. Hume, Alexander, Master of the High School, Edin., 1696, and Rector of the Grammar Schools of Salt-Preston and of Dunbar. Elementa GrammaLica, Edin., 1612, sm. Svo. He also wrote some theolog. tracts : see above article and authorities there cited, and Lowndes's Btbl. Man., 9S2. Hume, Sir Alexander. Notices of the Life and Works of Titian, Lon., 1829, imp. Svo. Hume, Anna, the daughter of David Hume, of Gods- croft. The Triumphs of Love, Chastity, and Death; trans, from Petrarch, Edin., 1644, 12mo. Hume, David, of Godscroft, the author of The His- tory of the House and Race of Douglas and Angus, Edin., 1644, fob, (1743, 2 vols. 12mo; 4th ed., 174S, 2 vols. 12mo,) is supposed to have been born about 1560. He also wrote Apologia Basilica, Paris, 1626, 4to, several theolog. trea- tises, and a number of Latin poems, some of which, first pub. separately, were afterwards reprinted in Johnston's Delicia; Poetarum Scotorum. In 16112, Paris, sm. Svo, appeared Humii (Davidis) Wedderburnensis, Poemata Om- nia, accessere ad Finem Uuio Britaunica, et Proilium ad Lipsiam soluta Oratione. Contains poems addressed to Q, Elizabeth, James the Si.xth of Scotland, Sir Francis Walsingham, &q. Constable's copy sold for £3. An ac- count of this author will be found in Chambers and Thom- son's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 06-102. See also Bp. Nicolson's Hist. Lib.; Marchand, vol. i. ; Biog. Univ. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit., (Hume, or Home, David ;) Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Hume, David, April 26, 1711-August 25, 1776, a native of Edinburgh, was the second son of Joseph Hume, or rather Home, of Niuewells, near Dunse, Scotland, a descendant of the Earl of Home. The subject of our notice, after an unsatisfactory attempt to master the study of the law, and a like unsuccessful essay (in 1734) as a merchant's clerk in Bristol, went to France, with the de- sign of pursuing there, in an economical manner, those literary pursuits in which alone he took any interest. In 1737 he came to London, and in the year tbllowing gave to the world his Treatise of Human Nature. This, his first publication, was not successfnlj but it is difficult to discourage a young author who has once seen his compo- sitions in print, and in 1741 appeared his Essays, Moral and Political. This work met with more favour, and he was induced to follow it up in 1748 with Philosophical Essays concerning Human Understanding, (in fact, a new edit, of the first part of his Treatise of Human Nature:) in 1751 with An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals; in 1752 with Political Discourses; and in 1755 with The Natural Hist, of Religion, ^c. It was between the dates of the two last-named publications that Humo put forth the first vol. of the work by which his name will be transmitted to the latest posterity. The publication of the History of England — 1st ed. in 6 vols. 4to, Lon. — was as follows: — Vol. I. The Reigns of James I. and Charles I., 1754. II. The Commonwealth, and the Reigns of Charles 11. and James II., 1756. III., IV. The Reigns of Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, 1759. V., VI. From the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Revolution in 16SS, 1761-62. For the dates and particulars of various edits, of the History of Eng- land, (the Abridgments, Continuations, Ac.,) and of the other publications of the author, the reader is referred to Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; the London catalogues of British publications. The principal editors HUM and continuators of Hume's History are Bisset, Burke, farr, Hereford, Hughes, Jones, Miller, Mitchell, Stebbing, Tallis, and Wright. We may be permitted to select a few edits, of the History for special notice, — viz.: 1. 1770, 8 vols. 4to, the best 4to edit. 2, 1778; also in 1786, 8 vols. 8vo ; the last edit, corrected by the author. 3. 1789, with Smollett, 13 vols. Svo. 4. 1796, 13 vols. Svo; with Por- traits. 5. 1802, 13 vols. Svo; with Portraits. 6. 1S03, 16 vols. Svo; with Portraits. 7. 1806, 70 Nos. fol. Bowyer's edit., at £1 Is. per No., with Portraits, and numerous Illus- trations. One of the most splendid books ever pub. Now (1856) worth about £7 to £10. 8. 1807, 13 vols. 8vo; with Portraits. U. 1807, 13 vols. Svo ; with Portraits. 10. 1809, 15 vols. ISmo. 11. With Smollett, 1826, 13 vols. Svo; with Portraits, fac-similes of autographs, &c. 50 copies on large paper, £16 14s. Three copies on tinted paper. 12. With Smollett, J. R. Miller, and T. Wright, 1836, 4 vols. Svo. 13, AVith Smollett, and Continuation by Stebbing, 1837, 20 vols. Svo. 14. AVith Smollett, and Continuation by Hughes. See Hughes, Thomas Smaiit, D.D. 15. Hume, with Smollett, and Continuation by Farr, 1847, 3 vols. Svo. K). With Smollett, 1848, 10 vols. Svo. In ad- dition to these edits., all pub. in Great Britain, many have been issued in the United States of America, Ac. Of Hume's Philosophical Works, the only complete edit, until very recently, was that pub. in Edin. in 1826, 4 vols. Svo. "Includint; all the Kssays. and exhibiting the more important Alterations and Correctious in the successive Kditious published by the Author." New edit., pub. by Little, Brown & Co., Bost, 1854, 4 vols. Svo, pp. CSV. 337, 552, 564, 580. In vol. i. will be found Hume's Autobiography, his Will, a notice of his last illness, by Adam Smith, and a docu- mentary account of the controversy — if so it may be called — between Hume and Rousseau. It is now time to return to the personal history of the .author, preparatory to a brief examination of his charac- teristics as a man of letters. Although the first vol. of the History was at first severely censured, and then almost entirely neglected by the public, yet the appearance of his Dissertation on the Natural History of Religion before the publication of the second stimulated the languishing curi- osity of the reading world, and Hume found himself at last in possession of that literary distinction for which ho bad long pined in secret. The demaud for the succeeding vols, was so great, that fortune was added to fame; and the former was subsequently augmented by several diplo- matic and other political appointments; among which was the Secretaryship of the French Embassy, 1763-65, and the post of Under-Secretary of State under General Con- way, 1767-68. In 1769 he bade adieu to public life and the literary circles of London, and returned to the city of his birth, doubtles.'s with much of that yearning for old scenes and old friends so beautifully described by the author of The Deserted Village. He returned home, h-e tells us, "very opulent," for he "possessed a revenue of £1000 a year ; healthy, and, though somewhat stricken in years, with the prospect of enjoying long his ease." But, notwithstanding the natural desire of the philosopher "To husband out life's taper at the close, And kc'Lp the flame from wasting, by repose," his days had now approached their termination. In the spring of 1775 he was attacked with a disorder of the bowels, which gradually sapped his strength, and resulted fatally on the 25th of August, 1776. After his death ap- peared, in 1779, Svo, his Dialogues concerning Natural Religion ; and in 1783, 12mo, were pub. his disgraceful Essays upon Suicide. The mischievous efiocts of these unphilosophical speculations, therefore, were thus ex- tended, to the injury of others, after the author had gone to his account. The excellence of Hume's character as a man has been so well described by Mr. Mackenzie, in the story of La Roche, (see The Mirror, Nos. 42, 43, 44,) and so unequivocally attested by Adam Smith and other con- temporaries, that it is quite unnecessary to enlarge upon this bead. In the autobiography I'rom which we havo quoted above, the reader will be often reminded — notwith- standing the more ambitious style of the Historian of Rome — of the charming narration of Gibbon of the inci- dents of his own life. Wc have now to consider the subject of our notice, first, in the character of a Mental and Moral Philosopher; secondly, in that of a Political Philosopher and Political Economist; and, thirdly, in that of a Hii-torian. It is hardly necessary to remind the reader that all that can justly be expected of us, in the limits to which we are necessarily circumscribed, is an indication of the best , sources of knowledge respecting the authors of whom we HUM HUM treat, and brief citations of the recorded opinions of emi- nent authorities in the same dopartments of learning which the former have cultivated. Hume as a Mental and Moral PiuLosopnER. Of Hume's Essays, Moral and Metaphysical, Lord Brougham remarks ; "To refuse these well-known Essays the praise of great sub- tilty, much clever argument, some successful saicasm, and very considerable originality, is impossible; but a love of singularity, an aversion to a^ree with other meu, and particularly with the bulk of the people, prevails very manifestly throughout the work; and we may recollect that it is the author's earliest pro- duction, the Treatise on Human Nature, which formed the basis of the whole, having been written before his six-and-twentieth year, at an age when the distinction of differing with the world, the boldness of attacking opinions held Siicred by mankind at large, is apt to have most charms lor vain and ambitious minds. " Accordingly, he tinds all wrong in the opinions which men generally entertain, whether upon moral, met;iphysical, or theo- logical subjects, and he pushes his theories to au extreme point in almost every instauce. ... As for his Inquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, of which he had him.self formed so high an estimate, this is indeed a very excellent work, and appears well to deserve the opinion pronounced upon it by the author, although his Political Discourses may be superior in the oriij,inality and importance of their views. . . . There is in this treatise a copious- ness and felicity of illustration rarely anywhere else to be found; and it is full of learned allusions and references, showing the various and extensive reading in which he had indulged. Nor is it the least remarkable feature of the work, that, thnuj^h preferred by him before all the other pioductions of his genius, it contains nothing .at all even bordering upon sceptical opinions." — Life of Hume, in Lives of Mai of Letters of the Time of George III., Lon. and Glas., 1S55. '•It was in his twenty-seventh year that Mi-. Hume published at Loudon the Treatise of Human Nature, the first systematic attack on all the pi iuciples of knowledge and belief, and the most formidable, if universal scepticism could ever be more than a mere exercise of ingenuity. . . . The gre.at speculator did not in this work amuse himself, like B.ayle, with dialectical exercises, which only inspire a dispusition towards doubt, by showing in detail the uncertainty of most opinions. He aimed at proving, not that nothing was known; but that nothing could be known frum the structure of the Understanding, to demonstrate that we are doomed forever to dwell iu absolute and universal ignorance. .... The Inquiry [Concerning the Principals of Jlorals] affords perhaps the best specimen of his style. ... In substance, its chief merit is the proof, from an abundant enumeration of par- ticulars, that all the qualities and actions of the mind which are generally approved by mankind agree in the circumstance of being useful to society. ... On purity of manners, it must be owned that Mr. Hume, though he controverts no rule, yet treats vice vith too much indulgence." — Sir James Mackintosh : Dissert, on Ethical Philos., prefixed to Encyc. Brit. ; also in his Miscell. Works, Lon., 1854, vol. i. " From what has been ali-eady said, it may be seen that we are not to look in Mr. Hume's Treatise [of Human Nature] for any regular or connected system. It is neither a scheme of Material- ism nor a scheme of Spiritualism; for his reasonings strike equally at the root of both these theories. His aim is to establish a universal scepticism, and to produce in the reader a complete distrust in his own faculties. . . . With the single exception of Bayle. he has carried this sceptical mode of reasoning farther than any other modern philosopher." — Dugald Stewart : Prelim. Dis- sert, to Encye. Brit., and in his Works. "The centre of Hume's philosophizing is his criticism of the conception of cause. Locke had already expressed the thought that we attain the conception of substance only by the habit of always seeing certain modes together. Hume takes up this thought with earnestness. Whence do we know, he asks, that two things stand to each other in the relation of cause and elTect? .... There needs no further proof than simply to utter these chief thoughts of Hume, to show that his scepticism is only a logical carrying out of Locke's empiricism. Every determina- tion of universality and necessity must fall away, if we derive our knowledge only from perceptions tiirough the senses; these determinations cannot be comprised in sensation." — Dr. Albert Schicegler's Hist, of Philos.; trans, by J. U. Seelye, New York, 1856. " Hume, the most subtle, if not the most philosophical, of the deists; who, by perplexing the relations of cause and effect, boldly aimed to introduce a universal scepticism, and to pour a more than Egyptian darkness into the whole region of morals." — Robert Hall : Modern Infidelity Considered : Works, Lon., 1853, vol. i. "Dr. Reid rendered good service to the cause of truth, in op- position to the sceptical philosophy of Hume, who dexterously availed himself of the authority of LocUe in the suppoit of his own mischievous dogmas." — Dr. E. Williams''s Ch)-istian Preacher, Lon., 1843. "Th.tt scepticism is the real result of the theory we have now described [Locke's Ideal System] is seen from the use that has been actually made of it. Berkeley drew from it his arguments against the existence of the material world, and Hume based upon the s.ime the piinciples by which he sought to involve the ■whole superstructure of human knowledge, from its very founda- tions, in one scene of doubt and confusion. . . . Reid, in his early life, had been a complete believer in this representative theory, and had leaned strongly to Berkleianism, as the natural result ; but when Mr. Hume's Treatise on Human Nature came forth to the world, and hes.HW the consequences to which the whole theory must ultim.ately t^^nd, he began to inquire within himself whether that theory were really a true one. This inquiry, according to his own account, he carried on perpetually for above forty year^ and never could gain any affirmative evidence on the question except the mere dictum of philnsophers. . . . The philosophy of Hume, as a whule. oiiginated and fell with himself. A moic par- tial and less daring scepticism might probably have gained many followers; but it is the inevitable result of every system professing universal unbelief, to destroy itself. The man uho by any pro- cess of reasoning involves every portion of human knowledge in doubt, instead of persuading any one to follow his conclusions, does little more than controvert his own principles bv a reductio ad absurdum."— J/oreW.*.? Hid. of M<,d. Philos., Lon., 1847. See also Cousin's Hist, of Mod. Philos. ; Lewes's Hist, of Philos. ; 0. S. Henry's Hist, of Philos. ; Blakey's Hist, of Philos. ; Wm. Archer Butler's Leets. on Ancient Philos. ; Sir AVm. Hamilton's Discuss, on Philos. and Lit.; Lyall'a Agonistes, and his Review of tho Principles of Necessary and Contingent Truth ; Lon. Quar. Kev., Ixxiii. 5:i6, Ixxviii. 75, — both articles by Jlr. Lake; Eclee. Rev., -ith Ser., XX. 317 ; Index to Blackw'. ALig., vols. i.-l. In our life of Jeremy Bentham, in this Dictionary, we have briefly noticed the famous doctrine of Utility, of which Hume was one of the first and most distinguished teachers. Before leaving this branch of our subject, it may be ex- pected that we should make some comments on that unfortunate production of our author's, — the Essay on Miracles; but a natural reluctance to dwell on tho follies to which even great minds are but too prone would in- dispose us to linger upon the recollection of this melan- choly example of intellectual sophistry and literary dis- honesty, had we not already treated tho subject at sufficient length in the previous pages of this work. The reader is referred to the article on Adams. W>r.. D.D., (the friend of Johnson;) Campbem., GF;onGE. D.D.: Douni.AS, John; Leland's Deistical Writers: Works of Wm. Ellery Channing; Works of Mr. Paley; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 933, 1I82-9S4, 991-1001; Remarks upon the Nat. Hist, of Religion, by Mr. Hume, &g., by S. T.. Lon., 175S, 8vo,* and many of the authorities cited abuve and below. This matter may be very well dismissed with the sensible retiections of Sir Walter Scott, in his account of the Life and Writings of the historian's friend, John Home : '^ The celeiirated David Hume, the philosopher and historian, was certainly the mnst distinguished person iu the cycle, [the literary society of Scotland.] That he was most unhappy in permitting the acuteness of his talents, and the pride arising fiom the consciousness of possessing them, to involve him in a maze of sceptical illusions, is most undeniable, as well as thjit he was highly culpable in giving to the world the miserable re- sults of his leisure." Hume as a Political PHiLosopnER and Political Economist. Here our citations must necessarily be very brief; but they will be found to be of the most unequivocal cha- racter. '•Of the Political Discourses it would be difficult to speak in. terms of too great commendation. They combine almost every excellence which can belong to such a performance. . . . The great merit, however, of these discouises, is their originality, and the new system of politics and political economy which they un- fold. Mr. Hume is, beyond all doubt, tho author of the modern doctrines which now rule the world of science, which are to a great extent the guide to practical statesmen, and are only pre- vented from being applied in their fullest extent to the affairs of nations, by the clashing interests and the ignorant prejudices of certain powerful classes; for no one deserving the name of legis- lator pretends to doubt the soundness of the theory, although many hold that the errors of our predecessors require a slow recourse to right principle in condurtintr the practical business of the world. It is certain that Dr. Smith's celebrated work, with all its great merits, is less of a regular system than the detached essays of Mr. Hume. The oiiginality of the latter's opinions is wholly undeniable: they were publi.-^hed full fourteen years be- fore the Wealth of Nations." — Lord IJuouguam: ubi supra. One of the most eminent of modern Political Econo- mists remarks that Hume's " Essays on Commerce, Interest, Balance of Trade, Money, Jealousy of Trade, and Public Credit, display the same felicity of style and illusti-atlon that distinguish the other works of their celebrated author. His views of the commercial intercourse that should subsist among nations are alike enlightened and liberal ; and he has admirably exposed the groundlessness of the pre- judices then entertained against a free inteicourse with Prance, and the fear of being deprived, were commercial restraints abo- lished, of a sufficient supply of bullion. The masterly essay on the Population of Ancient Nations will be noticed iu another part of this work. . . . Hume and Smith saw and pointed out the injurious operation of the Methuen treaty, and exposed the absurdity of our sacrificing the trade with Franc« to that of so beggarly a country as Portugal." — McCullodCs Lit. of Polit. Econ.f Lon., 1845. " The political discourses of Hume are the best models we have of the reasoning that belongs to subjects of this nature. They best admonish us of the slow step with which we should advance, and the wary distrust with which we should look around before We think that we have reached a maxim in politics. — that is, a 915 HDM HUM general principle on the steady efficiency of which, in real prac- tice. WB may always depend. . . , And here I would reooEfinfcitd . to my readers one of the essays of Mr. Hume, — that on the I'npu- lousuess of Ancient Nations. . . . The laws of Henry the Seventh merit the consideration of the stndent. .It was the intention of these laws to advance the husbandry, manufactures, and general commerce of the country. The observations of Lord Bacon, and the subsequent criticisms of Hume, will afford the student a lesson in that most difficult and important of all practical sciences, the science of political economy. ... A gre;it part of Smith's reasonings [in the 3d Book of the Wealth of Nations] had ap- peared in the History of Hume. These two eminent philosophers — for on the suljfCts of political economy and morals they deserve the name — had. no doubt, in their mutual intercom se eulijihtened and confirmed the inquiries and conclusions of each other.'" — Pri'f. Smyths Lects. rm Mod. Hist. ■* Humewastiifted with admirable sasracity in political economy ; and it is the ^ood sense and depth of his views on that impfirtant subject, then for the first time I in his History of England J brought to bear on the annals of man, that has chietly gained foi- him. and with justice, the character of a philosophic historian." — Sir Abchi- S.KLi> Auso.v ; £ssat/s, Polit., UUtor.f and MUctlL, Kdin. and Lon., 1850, iii. 78. Hume as a Historian. "We have already noticed the stvere censure elicited by the publication of the first vol. of the History of England, and the still more provoking neglect by which this censure was fiucceeded. The expressed opinions of the few who ventured to read the book were certainly ill calculated to encourage the amhition of the aspiring author. But no one can tell the story so well as the historian himself: *'ln 1752 the Faculty of Advocates chose nie their librarian, an office for which I received little or no emolument, but which ga\ e me the command of a large library. 1 then formed the plan of writing the History of England; but, being frightened with the notion of continuing a narrative through a period of seventeen hundred years, I commenced with the accession of the House of Stuart, an epoch when I thought the misrepresentations of foction began chietly to take place. I was. I own, sanguine in my ex- pectations of the succe.ss of this work. I thought that I was the only histoiian that had at once neglected present power, interest, and authority, and the cry of popular prejudices; and, as the sub- ject was suitt'd to every cajtacity. I expected propoitional ap- plause. But miserable was my disappointment: I was assailed by one cry of reproach, disapprobation, and even detestation; English, Scotch, and Irish, whig and tory, churchman and sectary, freethinker and religionist, patriot and courtier, united in their rage against a man who had presumed to shed a generous tear for the fate of Charles I. and the Earl of Strafford; and after the first ebullitions of their fury were over, what was still more moitifying. the book seemed to sink into oblivion. Mr. Millar told me, th:it in a twelvemonth he sold only forty-five copies of it. I scarcely, indeed, heard of one man in the three kingdoms, considerable lor rank or letters, that could endure the book. 1 must only e.Ncept the primate of England, Dr. Herring, and the piimate of Ireland, Dr. Stone, which seem two odd exceptions. These dignified pre- lates separately sent me messages not to be discouraged." — Hume's Aiitobieii/rap/iij. pub. in 1777, by Mr. Strahan. and since prefixed to the Hist, uf Eng., his I'hilnsophical Works. Ac. Mr. Ilitchie (in his Lite of Hume) tells us that, after a diligent search into the literary hi&tory of the period, he has been unable to discover any trace of that universal outcry which Hume complains of. But doubtless the author heard more than any one else did ; nuich that was said was never recorded ; and of the la.st a large portion may be presumed to have perished or to be buried in for- gotten archives. ^Vith the recei)tion of the second vol. of his History the author had greater reason to be satisfied : "This performance," he tells us, "happened to give less displeasure to the Whigs, and was better received. It not only rose itself, but helped to buoy up its unfortunate brother." As his reputation as a literary man was now well established, the remaining vols, were received with avidity, and those already pub. brought prominently into notice: the sale was sufficiently large, he informs us, to render him not only "independent, but opulent." "Not- withstanding the variety of winds and seasons to which my writings have been exposed, they have still been making such advances, tbot the copy-mt»ney given me by the booksellers much exceeded any thing formerly known in England." It is now time to examine into the merits and demerits of a work which has so long held, and which promises ever to hold, a prominent place in the front rank of Eng- lish literature. If we were obliged to compress into the limits of a single sentence the characteristics of Hume's History of Kngland, we suppose that the following would be considered an impartial statement : — Beauty of style, carelessness of facts, and intolerance of spirit. Hume was too fastidious to be inelegant, too indolent to be accurate, too bigoted to be impartial. His chagrin when obliged to stop the press to make important corrections on the appearance of Mnrdin's Slate Papers, and his mortification at being obliged to write to Robertson respecting the same afl'air, " we are all in the wrong," were necessary consequences of that haste which would 916 not. examine, and that ignorance which would not learn. It is declared that certain manuscripts had been spread out for his inspection at the State-Paper Office for a whole fortnight, but he never mustered sufficient courage to un- dertake the dreaded investigations. '■ ^satisfied with the common accounts, and the most obvious sources of history, when librarian at the Advocates' Library, where yet may be examined the books he used, marked by his hand, he spiead the volumes about the sofa, from which he rarely rose to pursue obscure inquiries or delay by fresh difficulties the page which every day was growing under his charming pen. A striking proof of his careless happiness I discovered in his never referring to the perfect edition of Whitelocke s Memorials of 17o2, but to the old truncated and faithless one of iLiSS.'" — 'JVne Sovrces of Secret History; in Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature, ed. Lon,, ISol, p. 5U. " Hume often puts the names of the monkish writers in his margin; but I feai- all he knew of them was through the media of other writers. He has some mistakes which could not have occurred had he really consulted the originals. . . . Hume is cer- tainly an admirable writer; his style liold. and his reflections shi'ewd and uncommon; but his religious and political notions have too often warped his judgment.'" — Dr. Michard Farmers Letter to a Friend on the Stmbj of E/iglisft History, in Goodhugh's Lib. Man., 43. *■ Hume was far too careless a writer, even if the taste of the public in his time had required it, to trouble himself with the minute labour necessary for this kind of investigation. Accoi-d- ingly, the reader finds little in his pages to bring him acquainted with the antiquarian details of history." — FkUn. liev., Ixxiv. 432. "Hume was not, indeed, learned and well-grounded enough, for tho.se writers and investigators of history who judged his works from the usual point of view, because he was not only negligent in the use of the sources of history, but also superfi- cial." — Sddosser^s HtU. of the lS(/i Cent, Davison's trans., Lon., 1844. ii. 78. "In his treatment of the elder periods of the English history, he is quite unsatisfactory and meagre : he had no love for its antiquities, and could not transport himself back into the spirit of remote ages." — SddegeVs Lects. on the Hist, of Lit.; English trans.. Phi la.. 1854, 331. "■The author, indeed, wanted that resolute spirit of industry and research which alone can lead an historian to become thoioughly acquainted with the valuable writers of the Middle Ages." — Dibdin's Lib. Comp., Lon., 1825, 244. '■ He was far too indolent to acquire the vast store of facts indis- pensable for correct generalisation on the varied theatre of human affairs, and often drew hasty and incorrect conclusions from the events which particularly came under his observation." — Sib ARCHIB.4LD Alison : Essays. PoUt.. Histi/r.. and Miscell., 1850, iii. 78. Sir Archibald proceeds to adduce an example of the errors to which he refers, which example we shall pre- sently quote from the History of Europe, 17S9-1815. The remarks which we have just quoted are preceded by some observations which we feel unwilling to omit. Sir Archibald gives his predecessor full credit for bis sagacity as a political economist, (quoted above,) his ability as a political commentator and as a delineator of manners, bis eloquence as an orator, (in his glowing pages,) and his skill as a debater, but continues: -But, notwithstanding all this, Hume is far from being gifted with the phiksojihy of history. He has collected or prepared many of the facts necessary for the science, but he has made little progress in it himself He was essentially a sceptic. He aimed rather at spreading doubts than shedding light. Like Voltaire and Gibbon, he was scandalously prejudiced and unjust on the sul'ject of religion; and to write niudern history without correct views on that subject is like playing Hamlet without the character of the Trince of iJenmark." These comments were originally published in Black- wood's Magazine, (in an article on Guizot.) in Dec. 1844, and the reader will perhaps be surprised to find the fol- lowing reflections from the same critic, published in The Foreign and Colonial Review, (in an article on Michelet'a France.) in April of the same year: " Considered as calm and pbilusnphic narratives, the histories of Hume and linbertson will remain as standard models for every future age. The just and profound reflections of the former, the inimitable clearness and impartiality with which he has summed u]i the arguments on both sides, on the most momentous questions which have agitated England, as well as the general simplicity, unifcini cleHrness. and occasional pathos, of his story, must forever command the admiration of mankind. In vain we are told that he is often inaccurate, sometimes partial; in vain are successive attacks published on detached parts of bis narrative, by party zeal or antiquarian research: his reputation is undiminished: succes- sive editions issuing from the press attest the continued sale of his work; and it continues its majestic course through the sea of time, like a mighty three-decker, which never even condescends to notice the javelins darted at its sides from the hostile canoes which from time to time seek to impede its progress." — Jifjiriiitid i» EssaySj Edin. and Lon., 1850, iii. 410-420. We could not in fairness omit the above eulogy, as we profess to give both sides of a question, even when both, are ably represented by the same impartial champion. "1 have already adverted to Gardiner's resolute assertion of the law against the prince's single will, as a proof that, in s])ite of Hume's preposterous insinuations to the contrary, the English monarchy was known and acknowledged to be limited. . . . The misrepresentations of Hume as to the English constitution under HUM HUM Elizabeth, and the general administration of her reign, have , have been fought at sej "-Sir Ab^^^^^^^ been exposed, siiu-e tlie present chapter was ^vritteu, by Mr. 1. (,9-181.., N. \o.U lSo6. u. o4U-..41. ' f . - ... __i— o__ ._. ^_ p^ c)|g^ and see Alisons Essays, Jbclin. ana bee xpost_, . Bi'idie. in bis History of tlie Biitisb Empire fmm the Accession i of Cbailes I. to the "Uestoration, Tol. i.e.''-. In some respects, ! Lon., ISoO, iii. TS. Mr. B. seems to have gone too far in an opposite system, and to j rj^^^^ ^^^^^^ distinguished authority joins in the general side, but he is a man of research and independence of miud. is a work of weight and learning, and it appears to me forever to have damaged, and most materially damaged, the character of Mr. Hume as an accurate historian."— iVf/. Smi/th's Lects. on Mad. HisL: Lrd. V. See an elaborate review of Brodie's History (Edin., 1S22, 4 vols. Svo) in the Edin. Rev., xl. 92-140. '•Uume is convicted [by Mr. Brodiel of sn many in.iccuracies and partial statements, that we really think his credit among his- toiians for correctness of assertion will soon be nearly as low as it has long been with theologians for orthodoxy of belief.'' — Edin. Sev., ubi supra. It is alleged that Hume, merging the character of the historian into that of the apologist, was resolved at all events to make out a fair case for the Stuarts : " It is a pki-e of whining cant, and nothing better, for Hume to represent all parties of his day as being ' fired to madness against him fur presuming to shed a generous t^ar for the tate of Charles I. and the Earl of Strafford.' No one ever found fault with the historian for shedding -a decent tear' to the memory of the bril- liaut though unprincipled courtier, and bis infatuated master. But he must have known well that the causes of indignation j found in his volume were the false pretences put forth on behalf [ of these men. It was Uume's object to canonize them, and he did not scruple either to mutilate or to pervert the truth, when necessary for his purpose. Mr. Brodie has very ably and labo- riously exposed the mean artifices to which this would-be ingenuous historiau has had recourse, in order to give the wisbed-for tone and colouring to documents which he durst not quute entire." — Cmmiugham's Biog. Hist, of Eng., Lon., 185"2, vi. 100. In Prof. Smyth's 5th Lect. on Mod. Hist., also, will be found instances cited of Hume's "inaccurate representa- tion of the very authorities he quotes." Gilbert Stuart refers to this suiiject with no little warmth : "From its beginuing to its coudusion it [Hume's History] is chiefly to be regarded as a plausible defence of prei-ogative. As an elegant and spirited composition, it merits every commendation. But no friend to humanity, and to the freedom of Ibis kingdom, will consider his constitutional inquiries, with their effect on bis narrative, and compare them with the ancient and venerable monuments of our story, without feeling a lively surprise and a patriot indignation." '• Rapin and Hume are our two great historians. But it is Hume who is read by every one. Hume is the historiau whose views and opinions insensibly become our own. He is respected and admired by the most enlightened reader: be is the guide and philosopher of the ordinary reader, to whose miud, on all the topics connected with our history, he entirely pives the tone and the law. On every account, therefore. I shall dedicate the re- mainder of this lecture chiefly to the consideration of bis work, that your confidence may not be given too implicitly, and that w bile you feel, as you ought to do, the charm of his composition, the charm of what Gibbon called so justly bis careless and iuimit- aVile beauties, you may be aware also of the objections that cer- tainly exist to the general tendency and practical effect of his representations. ... It Is understood, indeed, by every reader— it has been proclaimed Ity many writers — that Hume always inclines to the side of prerogative; that, in his account of the Stuarts, bis History is little better than an apology : hi.s pages are therefore read, in this part of his work at least, with something of distrust, and his representations are not consideied as decisive." — l^rof. Siin/tlrs Lects. on Mod. Hint.; Lcct. V. "Had he written without any such views, [predilections for the Stuarts and the Tories.] be might have attained to an eminence far beyond that which he has reached, and descended to posterity rot as' the first of all party writers of history, but as the author of a truly great natural work, the spirit and excellence of which should have been equally admired and appreciated by all the English." — FRKDERtCK Sciilegel: Lects. on History of Lit. "No one can be surprised if in so short a time allotted to the whole work far more attention was given to the composition of the narrative than to the preparation of the materials. It was altnfrether impossible that in bo short a period the duty of the historian should be diligently performed. The execution of the work answers to the mode of its performance. " But. if the History be not diligently prepared, is it faithfully written? There are numberless proofs of the contrary; but we have the most express evidence in the author's own statement to prove this position." — Lord Brougham's Life of Hume, in the Lives of Men of Letters of the Time, of Gmrge J{L, Lon. and Glas., 1855, 182-183. One of the most eminent of our modern historians con- siders that he has caught Hume tripping in the reflection quoted below : " It is observed by Mr. Hume, that actions at sea are seldom if ever so decisive as those on laud : a remark suggested by the re- peated indecisive actions between the English and Dutch in the reign of Charles II.. but which affords a striking proof of the dancer of generalising from too limited a collection of facfs. Had he extended his retrospect farthpr. he would bave o]is.M\td that the most decisive and important of all actions recorded in history We entirely coincide with this assertion: Hume will always be read, in spite ol his carelessness, in, spite of hia errors, and even in spite of his perversions. Nine readers seek anuiscment where one seeks instruction, and even the tenth man will not neglect Hume; nor can he safely be neglected. " The accuracy of Hume," remarks an eminent legal authority of America, *■ in respect of the two first princes of the house of Stuart, has been severelv attacked by K}. Stuart. Whitaker. Brodie, and others: but his charming stvle. his profound sagacity, and his philosophical rellections. clothe his great work with irresistible attractions."'— CHANctLU'B Kknt. '•It is. I submit,'" says Dr. Dibdin, " in the reign of Elizadkth that the true genius of Hume may be said to shine forth. Here we have pathos and argument, vigorous delineation nf character and statesmanlike views of policy : but the reign of Elizabeth was worthy of the exercise of such tiileuts."— ii&. Comp., ed. 1S25. 244-246. ^ ,t • i- Dr. Johnson, certainly no admirer of Hume in any ot his characters save that of a lory, evinced his usual con- tempt of popular opinions Viy declaring against the much- lauded style of the historian : '■The conversation now turned upon Mr. David Hume's style, JouNsox. '^Vhy, sir, his style is not English; the structure of his sentences is French. Now, the French structuie and the English structure may in the nature of things be equally good. But if you allow that the Eufilish language is estabhshed, he is wrong. My name might originally have bt-tn Nichulsou as well as .Johnson ; but were you to call me Mcbolson now, you would call uie very absurdly.'" — BosweU's Life of Johnson, ed. Lou., 1S47, 150. This quotation may remind the reader of the criticism of acelebrated reviewer of our own day. Commenting on the literature of " the reigns of the first two Georges, and the greater part of that which ensued," Lord Jeffrey remarks: "The name of Hume is by far the most considerable which occurs in the period to which we have alluded. But. though bis thinking was English, his style is entirely French; and, being naturally of a cold fancy, there is nothing of that eloquence or richness about him which characterizes the writings of 'J'aylor, and Hooker, and Bacon, and continues, with less weight of matter, to please in those of Cowley and Clarendon.' — Eevieiv nfthe Works of Sivift. in Edin. Hcv., Sept. 1816, and in Contrib. to Edin. Bev., Lon., 1853. 77. Prof. Smyth's reflections in his 22d Lecture upon the Reign of AViilinm III. will be cordially endorsed by the vast majority of historical students: " And new. when we enter upon tlie reign of ^Villiam, we have no longer the a.ssistance of the philosophic Hume. Me have no longer within our reach those penetrating observations, those careless and inimitable beauties, which were so justly the delight of Gibbon, and, with whatever prejudices they may be accum- panied. and. however suspicious may be those representations which they sometimes enforce and adorn, still render the loss of his pages a subject of the greatest regret, and leave a void which it is impossible -sidequately to supply."— Ze considered .is the firs* attempt to illustrate au English cl.issie by copious and continued notes." — Dr. Drake. "Judging by his notes, which are exceedingly curious and learned, he appears to have heeu n man of cultivated taste, and very extensive erudition." — Blaekw. Mag., iv. 6oS-662, q. v. for an exposition of the plagiarisms from Hume, by John Callander, in his annotations to the First Book of Para- dise Lost, pull, by Fonlis of Glasgow in 1750. See also Callander, John; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 144 ; Warton's Notes to his ed. of Milton's lesser Poems ; Todd's ed. of the Poet. Works of Milton. Bishop Newton highly commends Hume's annotations. " The truth is that this now-unknown and forgotten individual, who would not even place his name before his work, [his siL'nature is P. H. '^l^o7^otl7TlJS.] deserves, in point of erudition, good taste, and richness of ciassi&U illustration, to be ranked as the father of that style of comparative criticism which has been so much em- ployed, during these later days, in illustrating the works of our j^Ttat poet." — Blaclao. Mag., uhi stqira. Hume, R. M. Chancery Delays and their Remedy, Lon., 1830, Svo. j Hume, Sophia. Theolog. treatises, 1751, '66. See ! Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 157S ; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova,ii.441. Hume, Tobias, 1. First Booke of Ayres, French, Pollish, and others together, 1605. 2. Poeticall Musicko, Lon,, 1607, fol. Hume, Wm. The Priesthood, Lon., 1710, Svo. Hunilray, Rev. Francis. Thoughts on Happiness: a Pmcui. ISls, Svo. Humfray, Nathaniel. Poetical Sketch, 1802, Svo. Humrredus, Au.iUrf Humphrey. Hnnifries. Isaac. Inflammation ; Phil. Trans., 1794. Htimpago, lienj. Med. treatises, 1789, '94. Humphrey, Old, i'. e. Mr. Ceorge Mogridge, of London, d. 1854, was the author of many interesting rcli- gicms books and essays, intended especially for the young, which enjoyed an extensive popularity. Old Humphrey's Works; (volumes sold separately. ISmo :) — Observations; Walks in London; Old Sca-Captain; Pithy Papers; Ad- dresses; Homely Hints; Grandparents; Pleasant Tales; Thoughts; Country Strolls ; Isle of Wight; N. Amer. In- dians. See Memoirs of Old Humphrey, pub. by the Lon. Religious Tr.act Society, and by the Amcr. S. S. Union. Also, his Life, Char.acter, and Writings, by Chas. Williams, with portrait on steel, Lon., 1S57. JNiogriilge borrowed the name of Peter Parley in the title-pages of seven of his books, (not included in the list just given.) — historical, geogr,aphical, Ac, — of which the true Peter Parley com- plains with justice. See S. G. Goodrich's Recollections, 1856, ii. 553-554. Humphrey, Charles. Collec. of Pr.ac. Forms in Suits of Law, Albany, 1S45, 2 vols. Svo. Humphrey, George. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1789. Humphrey, Heman, D.D., a Presbyterian divine, President of Amherst College, 1823-45. 1. i'our in Franco, Great Britain, and Belgium, N. York, 1S38, 2 vols. 12uio. 2. Domestic Education, Amherst, ISrao. 3. Letters to a Son in the Ministry, 1842. See N. Y'ork Lit. and Theolog. Rev., i. 31; N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec, viii. 428. Humphrey, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1652-SO. Humphrey, Laurence, 1527?-1590, a learned di- vine, educated at Cambridge and Oxford; Queen's Prof, of Divinity at Oxford, 1560; President of Magdalene Coll., Oxf., 1561; Dean of Gloucester, 1570; Dean of Winchester, 15S0. He pub. a number of scrms., treatises against Campian the Jesuit, and other works, 1558-88, for nn account of which see Athen. Oxon. See also Fuller's Abel Redivivus; Strype's Cranmer; Strype's Parker. " Humphrey was a great and general scholar, au able linguist, a deep divine; and for his excellence of style, exactness of method, and substance of matter in his writings, went beyond most of our theologists." — Wood. " Dr. Humphrey h.ad read more fathers than Campian the Jesuit evers.iw.; devoured more than he ever tasted: and taught mora iu the University of Oxford, than he had either leai-ned or heard." — Aucnaisuop 'I'obias Mattu£w. HUM IIUN n«mphrey, W. C. Observ. on the Inutility of Grand Juries, ami PiigKcs. fur their Abolition, Lon., 1842, 8vo. " It is wiitteii with i-almness huiI cundniir. aud is the work of :i practital Dian, tboroui;li!y acquaiuted with the subject on which he writes.'' — 'M Laiu Mnii , 242. Humphreys, Asher. Ordination, Lon., 1719, Svo. IJuinphrcys, David, D.D., Sec. to the Soc. for the Pr'ij.. of tlio Gospel, I'ub. two tbeulog. works, Lon., 1714, '21, 8vo, and the following valuable history: — An Histori- cal Account of the Incorporated Society fur the Propaga- tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts; containing their Foundation, Proceedings, and the success of their Mis- sionaries in the British Colonies, to the year 1728, Lon., 8vo, pp. 35(j. This work — which every collector of Ame- rican history should possess — is illnstnited with two maps, one of Carolina, the other of New England, kc, by Her- man Moll. This excellent society was established in 1701. See Hawkins, Ernest; Bickersteth's C. S. ; N.York Church Rev., iv. 43::, 022; v. 108, 274, 435, G15, Humphreys, David, LL.D., 1753-1818, anntive of Derby, Cunneeticut, a colonel in the American Revolu- tionary Army, aide-de-camp to General Washington, and a member of his family, graduated at Yale College in 1*^71. Ho served liis country in various political capacities, both at home and abroad, and employed his pen as well as his sword in the promotion of her liberties. His principal poetical productions are An Address to tlio Armies of the United State.s, 1772 ; a Poem on the Happiness of Ame- rica; The ^Vidow of Mulaliar, a Tragedy ; and a Poem on Agriculture. He assisted Trumbull, Darlow, and Hopkins in the composition of The Anarchiad, and wrote a life of General Putnam, ])nb. in Humphrey's Miscellaneous Works, N. York. 1790 and 1804, 8vo. This biography, enlarged, with an Ajipcndlx, Notes, and an Account of Bunker Hill Battle, was repub., Bost., ISIS, Svo, by S. Swett. See Gris- wold's Poets and Poetry of America; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amei\ Lit. : Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 331, 487 ; Lon. Athenaeum, 18.33, 810; N. Amer. Rev., iv. 98, (by W. Tu- dor;) Carey's Amer. Mus., i. 230; iii. 273; N. Haven Chris. Mnnth. Spt'C, ii. 3r.7. Humx*hrcys, ¥!>• R. Educational works, Lon., 1843- 56. Humphreys, Frauds. Serm., Lon., 1787, Svo. Humphreys, Heury Noel. 1. Origin of Coins and Art of Coining, Lon., Svo. 2. Coins of England, 1847, p. Svo. 3. In conjunction with Owen Jones, Hluminated Books of the Middle Ages, 1847-50, fob, £10 10«.; large paper, £113 16s. With 30 plates. A splendid work. 4. Art of Illumination and Missal-Painting, 1848, sq. ]2mo. 5. Hist, of Ancient Coins and Medals, 1849, '50, Svo. 6. In conjunction with J. 0. Westwood, British Moths, 1849,2 vols. 4to. 7. Also in conjunction with J. 0. W., British But- terflies, 1849. 4to. 8. Ten Centuries of Art, 1851, imp. Svo. 9. Origin and Progress of the Art of Writing, 1852, 4to; 3d ed., 1855, imp. Svo. A very valuable work. 10, Coin- Collector's Manual, (Bohn's Scientific Lib., 26, 27.) 1853, 2 vols. p. Svo. 11. Coinage of the British Empire, 1853, 4to. 12. The Marine Aquarium, 1856. sm. Svo. 13. The Butterfly Vivarium, 1858, sm. 4to. To Mr. H. we are also indebted for the beautiful illuminations which illustrate A Record of the Black Prince, The Book of Ruth, Senti- ments and Similes of Shakspeare, &c. Humphreys, Humphrey, d. 1712, Dean of Bangor, was made lJish"p of Bangor. 1689, and trans, to Hereford, 17111. SL-rm., Ilosea x. 3, (Jan. 30,) Lon., 1696, 4to. Humphreys, James, d. 1830, a lawyer, a native of Moutgomeiyshire. 1. Lett, to E. B. Sugden, Lon., 1827, 8vo. 2. Lett, to the Editor of the Jurist. 3. Eng. Laws of Real Property, Lon., 1820, Svo; 2d ed., 1827, Svo. A work of authority. See 2 Mart. Conv., 39; 1 Amer. Jur., 58; 4 Ktnt Com., 9, n. ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 405; Edin. and Li>n. Qiiar. Reviews. Humphreys, Johu. Serm., Lon., 1794, Svo. Humphreys, .lohu D., Jr. Poems, Lon., 1814, Svo. Huuiphrevs, Saui. Cannons; a Poem, Lon., 1728. Humi>hreys, T, Serm., Oxon., 1812. Svo. Humphreys, \V, H, Reports Supreme Ct. of Ten- nessee. 1839-42, Nashville, 1841-44. 4 vols. Svo. '•Thny are invftlu.'ible." — 1 West. Law Jonv.y ItW. Huiuphrie, Kev. Thomas, The Prebendary and Curate: Pjirocbial Affairs, &c., 1811. Svo. Humphry, >V. \V. General Registry, Lon., 1830. Svo. Humphry, William Gilson, Preb. of St. Paul's, and "S'icar of Northolt, Middlesex. 1. Comment, on the Acts, 1847. Svo; 1854, p. Svo. 2. Doctrine of a Future State: Hulsean Lect. for 1849, Svo, 1S50. 3. Early Pro- gress of the Gospel: Hulsean Lect. for 1850, Svo, 1851. 4. Hist. Treat, on Book C. Prayer; 2d ed., 1856, p. Svo. Hnmphrys, Thomas. Hymns, Brls., 1793, Ifirao, Humstou, Kohert. Serm., Lon., 1589, '91, 8vo. Huufjeriord, Sir Authouy. Advice of a Pro- testant Son, Ac, Oxon., 1039, 4to. Huuuis, William, Chapel-Master to Queen Eliza- beth. 1. Certayno Psaluis in English metre, Lon., 1550, Svo. 2. A Hyve fvll of Ilunnye, 1578, 4to. 3. Seuen Sobs of a Sorrowfull Soule for Sinne, &c., 15S5, 24mo. 4. Abridgment; or. Meditation oncertaine of the Psalmes, 16uio. 5. Recreations, 1588. 24mo. See Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; BiM. Anglo-Poet.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Brydges's Brit. Bibliog. ; CarapbcU's Spec, of Eng. P^ets; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 655; Hallam's Lit. Hiat. of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 120. Iluut. Hist, and Revelation of Scripture, 1734. Huut. Comic Sketches, Lon., 1850, imp. ful. Huut, Sir Auhrey De Vere. See Dk Vere. Huut, Charles Henry, Merino and Anglo-Merino Sheep, Lon., isllt. Svo. See Donaldson's Agrieult. Biog. Hunt, Mrs. Charlotte 3Iatilda. The Little World of Knowledge; arranged numerically, Lon., 1S26, 12 mo. " Novel in its plan, excellent in its principle, and most praise- worthy in its execution." — Lov. Litiyrary Ga^ettf.. July 1, 1826. Hunt, Edward. Abridgt. of the Irish Statutes, 1700-28. Diibl., 1828, Svo. Hunt, F. W,, M.D. The Pantological System of History, Pt. 1. The Amer. States, N. York, 1855, ful. We hope that this work will be continued. It is designed to occupy the same relation towards History that maps hold to Geograjjliy. Hunt, Frederick Knight, 1814-1854, a native of Buckinghamshire, associate-editor of the London Daily News. 1846-51, and chief editor, 1851-55, was previously connected with the Illustrated London News, The Pic- torial Times, and The Medical Times. 1. Hist, and Scenery of the Rhine, Lon., 1845, sm. 4to. 2. Book of Art, 1S46, 4to. 3. The Fourth Estate; or, Contributions to the Hist, of Newspapers and of the Liberty of the Press, 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo. See N. Brit. Rev., xiii. 86. " Contains a mass of most varied aud valuable iutbiuuition." — Loti. R'Ur. Jfcv. A biographical account of Mr. Hunt will bo found in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1855. Hunt, Freeman, isn4~1858, widely known as pro- prietor and editor of The ^Merchants' Magazine, was a na- tive of tinincy, Mass. Whilst a resident of Boston, he establisheil The Ladies' Magazine, The AVeekly Traveller, and The Juvenile Miscellany, and also gave to the world Anecdotes and Sketches Illustrative of Female Character; and (in 1830, 2 vols. 12mo) American Anecdotes, Original and Selected. '' The iH'St-known collection of American anecdotes." — N. P. Willis : N. York Mirror. In 1831 Mr. Hunt removed to the city of New York, where he continued to reside until his death. His first enterprise in this city was a periodical entitled The Tra- veller, to the columns of which ho contributed a series of entertaining sketches of travel, which were afterwards collected and pub. under the title of Letters about the Hudson and its Vicinity. This vol. was reviewed with great favour, and passed through three edits. In 1839 Mr. Hunt determined to supply a great want in the literary and commercial world; and in July of that year he issued the first number of his famous Merchants' Magazine, which now presents in its thirty-eight well- filled vols, a most valuable library of Commercial Litera- ture. For the energy, perseverance, and talent success- fully developed in this important enterprise, Mr. Hunt deserves more praise than we have time or space to afford him. We shall, however, quote some more valuable opinions than our own at the conclusion of this article. In 1845 Mr. Hunt pub. the first vol. of The Library of Commerce, and in 185fJ appeared the first vol., and in 1857 the second vol., of Lives of American Merchants, and Wealth and Worth, a Collection of Morals, Maxims, and Miscellanies for Merchants. It has been well remarked that " The titles as wt^ll as topics of these works show the concentra- tion of purpose with which Mr. Huut gives himself to his chosen fielJ of literary liiliour." The subject of our notice was elected a member of numerous statistical and literary societies, and received the dogroe of A.M. from Harvard University. Other notices of Mr. Hunt and his useful publications will bo found in Poe's Literati, N. York, 1850, 50-52; Bungay's Otf-Hand Takings, or Crayon Sketches of the Noticeable Men of our Age, 1854, 36S-371; N. Amer. Rev., July, 1S5G, 232-233. The wise merchants (members of a pro- fession to which authentic information is of peculiar value) »19 HUN will need no solicitation of ours to induce tliem to pera^o and repcruse Mr. Hunt's invaluable vols. ; liut, as regards the Merchants' Magazine, we shall (to use a mercantile phrase) offer satisfactory endorsements of our own cordial commendation. "It oiillerts and arranfces in good order a large amount of valuable stattstic.il and other information. hiRhly u.sefuj, not only to the meiclia.it, hut to the statesman, to the cultivator of the "^7.1, 1 ' ™-':49. ' " I regard it as being, beyond all doubt, among the most valu- able periodicals of the times."— Daniel Wedstee : Washington, March 18, 1S51. jV'^'^'' '°""* '• ""st useful to me in my senatorial labours, and have been in the hahit for many years of carefully consulting It. — THOMiS H. Benton: Washington Citv. April 20, 1S49. " It is a grand repository of useful fiictsaiid information, which ran be found nowhere so well digested and so accessible as in these numbers."— MiLL.iRD Fillmobe. " Mr. Huut ought especially to be the man whom the mer- chants of America delight to honour. It seems strange that we have no similar publication in this country, and yet we have all the raw materials for it in great abundance. We want only a Freeman Hunt."— James William Gildakt, General Manager of the London and Westminster Bank, and the author of a Practical Treatise on Banking, ic. Hunt, George. Serm., ISIO. Hunt, George. The Book of Job, trans, from the Hebrew, Bath, 1825, 8vo. Hunt, Gilbert J. Hist, of the Late War between the U. States and Great Britain from 1SI2 to 1S15, writ- ten in .Seriptur.al style, N. York, 1810, 12nio. Hunt, Harriot K., JI.D., a native of Boston, Mas's. Glances and Glimpses, or Fifty Years' Social, including Twenty Y'ears' Professional, Life, Bost., 18o6, 12mo pp 418. See N. Ainer. Kev., April, 1856, 577-678. Huut, Henry. Two Discourses, Lon., 1802, 8vo. Huut, Isaac, a native of the W. Indies, the son of the Rector of St. Michael's, Bridgetown, Barbadoes, and the father of James Henry Leigh Hunt, was educated at the College in Philadeliihia, subsequently studied l.aw, and, on his return to England, became preacher at Ben- tinck Chapel, Lisson Green, Paddington. He subsequently resided for several ye.ars in the family of the Duke of Chandos, as tutor to his Grace's nephew, Mr. Leigh A sketch of his life will be found in his son's Autobiography. l.Serm., Matt, vi. U, 1781, Svo. 2. Serms., 1781, 8vo. 3. Serm., Nehem. ii. 3, 1782, 4to. 4. Discourses on Public Occasions, 1786, 8vo. "Ue pulJished a volume of sermons preached there, fBentinck Chapel, ,n which there is little but elegance of diction and a graceful mnralily."— icV,;, Ifuiifs Ai,li,hi„,in:pl,y. 5. Rights of Englishmen; an Antidote to the Poison of Thos. Paine, 17'.ll, Svo. Huut, Rev. J. H. Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered • trans, into English, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo. " He is more fiiithful than Pope or Drvden, more spirited than Cowper Ol■^^arton, and he has less mannerism and affectation "y" Mr. .sotheby."— ion. Qmtr. Kev., July, 1821, 4-Jti-437 The reviewer prefers this version to either Fairfax's or Hoole's. " A careful perusal of his Labours fullv juslifieB the eulogy pro- Bounced upon Ibem in the Quarterly Keview of July, 1S21."— Dibibn's Lih. Camp. ^ Hunt, Rev. J. P. Iron Mask, Lon., 1809, 3 vols. 12mo. Hunt, James. Serm., Lon., 1642. Hunt, James. Treat, on Stammering, with a Notice of tlie Life of Thos. Hunt, Lon., 1,S56. Other w.nks Huut, Jame.s Henry Leigh, b. October 19, 1784, at Southgate, Middlesex, was the son of the Rev Isaac Hunt {ante) and Miss Mary Shewell, the daughter of Stephen Shewell, a merchant of Philadelphia. An aunt of this lady's was the wife of Benjamin West, the eminent American painter. Young Hunt commenced authorship at an early period, and, when the poet was only .about six- teen years of age, his verses were collected by his father and pub., with a large list of subscribers, under the title of Juvenilia ; or. Poems written between the ages of Twelve and Sixteen, Lon., 1801, 12mo. "I w.as as proud perhaps of the book at that time, as I am ashamed of it now. . . . My hook was a heap of imitations, all but absolutely worthless."-ie,V,/, H,mfs AutuUograi.hy. These effusions were given to the world shortly after their author's departure from Christ Hospital, where, like Coleridge, Lamb, and many others who afterwards attained distinction, he received his early education. After some experience as an attorney's clerk, and in the duties con- nccted with a post in the War Office, Hunt united in 1808 with his brother John in the establishment of a weekly I paper entitled The Examiner, which periodical, owing to s able editorship, soon acquired great popularity. | HUN .Doubtless the practice which he had cultivated in very early life .as theatrical critic for the "News" now proved of great advantage to the young editor. Havino- thui. which need no previous preparation in the reader. Except Chaucer himself, no painter of processions has excelled the entrance of Paulo to I'uivenna. in the story of lUmini." — Miss MitfvrtTs Hecolkctians of a LiUrary Life. "At the outlet of his career, his ambition was to excel as, a hard. His principal success, however, seems chiffly to lay in a certain vein of e.'^s.iy-writing, in which fancy and tamiliarity are delightfully combined. Still he has woven many rhymes that are not only sweet and cheerful, but po.ssess a peculiar grace and merit of their own, besides illustrating .some capital ide,is rela- tive to poetical diction and influence. They are, to-be-sure, de- formed by some utTences against the dignity of the muse, in the shape of affectations and far-fetched conceits.'' — Tuclcrman's Tliouffhts i)?e'5 Essays and Rt- vie ws. "Ills prose is gossiping, graceful, and searching, and charms many readers." — Alluii Cuunill^ham's Biog. and CYit. Hint, of the Lit. 'of the Last Fiflij Ymrs. In a review of Hunt's edit, of The Dramatic Works of Wycherley, Congreve, and Fariiuhtir, (1840, 8vo,) an eniinent .authority thus speaks of the editor in the capacity of a critic : '* In some respects Mr. Leigh Hunt is excellently qualified for the task which he has undertaken. His style, in spite of its maunerism, nay. partly by reason of its mannerism, is well suited for light, garrulous, desultory ana, half critical, half biographical. We do not always agree with his literary judgments; but we find in him what is very rare in our time, the power of justly appre- ciating and heartily enjoving good things of very difterent kinds, lie can adore Shakspeare and Spenser without denying poetical genius to the author of Alexander's Feast, or fine observation, rich lancy. and exquisite humour to him "who imagined Will Iloneyconib and Sir Itoger de Coveiley. He has paid particular attention to the history of the English drama from the Age of Elizabeth down to our time, and has every right to be heard with respect on that sul ject. '— T. B. MaC-IULAY : Crit. and Mist. Ussai/s, Lon., lS.i4. iii. 1-.;. Hunt, Jeremiah, D.D., 1678-1744, a Dissenter, pastor for thirly-seven years .at Pinners' Hall, London, , , ._ _ f p.. iTin o;i A pu b. a number of serins., Ac, 1716-2o. A collectiye edit, of his Serms. and Tracts was pub. in 1748, 4 vols. 8vo. " In brief his preaching was Scriptural, ctitical, paraphrastical, and consequently instructive." — Da. Lardner. Hunt, John. An Appeal to the Kins, proving that our ."^aviour was aulbor of the R. Catholic Faith. UJ2U, 4to. Hunt, John. God'sDccrees, Nonv., 1720, 8vo; Glasg., 17(11. .Svo. Hunt, John. 1. Historical Surgery, 1801. 4to. 2. The Gout. 1805. Svo. .3. Agricult. Memoirs, IS12, Svo. 4. British nrnilhologv, 181 6-22, 13 Pts. 8vo. Other works. Hunt, John. Serm., Ac, 1809, '12, both 8vo. Hunt, John. Histor. Map of Palestine, Lon., 1832. Hunt, I.eigh. See Hunt, James Uenrv Lkigh. Hunt, Nicholas. Tlicolog. treatises, Lon., 1631-33. Hunt, Philip. A narrative rcsp. the Literary Ee- maiiis of the late John Tweildell, Lon., 1816, Svo. Hunt, R. Oration, Nov. 2(1, ISOo. '06. Hunt, R. S. and Ranilel, J. F. Guide to tho Rei.nl.lic of Texas, N. York. ISIiO. ISmo. Hunt, Richard. A Calechisme, Lon., 1649, Svo. Hunt, Robert. Assada, near Madagascar, Lon.,4to. Hunt, Robert. Synopsis of Diseases of the Skin, Lon., 18."8. 12ino. Hunt, Robert, h. Sept. 6, 1807, at Devonport, (then Plymuulh Dock,) England, is well known as a keeper of the Mining Records at the Museum of Economic Geology, and Professor of Mechanical Science to the Government School of Mines to that institution. He is the author of a number of works of the highest authority on the subjects of which they treat. 1. Art of Photography, 1841, '51, '53, '54, fp. Svo. 921 nuN IIUN " A complete bistoi-y of Photography in all its varit^d ramifica- tions niid processes."' — Loii. Ai't Journal, 2. Kesearches on Light and its Chemical Relations, 1844, '54, 8vo. " Mr. Hunt's reputation is so Tvell established, tliat we need only nieulioD his pleasing Tohuiie to secure it a favoiiralde n-ci-p- tion from the philosophical public.'' — Janie$on''s New Edai. Philos. Jour. 3. Panthea: the Spirit of Nature, 1849, 8vo. " Philosophy and Poetry are finely blended, and great truths and iiiilile sentiments are expressed in language full of beauty -and floijueuce." — TV. Bi-it. Rev. "Throughout ample opportunities are afforded for conveying Ecientitic inlormation in a popuhir form, and these have lieen liberally and well embraced by the Author.'' — Lon. At-heinrum. 4. Poetry of Science; or, Studies of the Physical Phe- nomena of Nature; 2d ed., 1849, 8vo; 3d ed., 1864, 8vo. '• iMj'. Hunts work stands midway between Humboldt's Cosmos and L'Aime Martin's Lettres k Sophie. More suited to the un- learned reader than the former, it is more systematic and extended in its views than the latter." — Lmi. Athena>Avii. See also N. Brit. Ilev., xiii. 63; E.^lee. Rev.. 4th Ser., xxvi. 36; Fraser's Mafj., xxxix. 37S; N. Anier. Rev., Isxiii. 470. 5. Elementary Physics, 1851, 12mo ; 1S65, p, Svo. '• As a really elementary treatise on the whole work of Physical Science, we know none to compare with it, and it is therefore ad- mirably ad,ipted for the wants of the student; whilst, on the other band, it may be read with profit and interest by those who have long mastered the general truths it embodies." — Lon. Medico- CUirurgical Reinew. 6. Handbook to the Official Catalogue of the Great Exhibition of 1851, 2 vols. 12rao, 1851. 7. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of Practical Geology : Mineral Statistics of the United Kiugdotu of Great Britain and Ireland for 1853 and 1S54, Lon,, 1855. See Lon. Athenaeum, 1855, p. 1023. See also Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy, Phila., 1857, 373-374. Hunt, Rowland. Prosijerity of G. Brit., 1706, 8vo. Hunt, T. F, 1. ArchitetturaCampestre, Lon., 1827, r. 4to. See Lon. Lit. Gaz.; Lon. Lit. Chron. 2. Hints on Picturesque Domestic Architecture; 3d ed., 1833, 4to. See Lon. Lit. Chron. 3. Examples of Tudor Architecture, 1830, 2 vols. ; 1836, r. 4to. See Lou. Eclec. Rev.; Blackw. Mag., xxvii. 257-258. 4. Designs for Parsonage Houses, &c., 1841, 4 to. See Lon. Lit. Gaz.; Lon. Lit. Chron. 5. Designs for Gate-Lodges, Ac, 1S41, r. 4to. Hunt, Thomas. The Grammar-Scholar's Abecedary, Lon., 1071, Svo. Hunt, Thomas. Political tracts, Lon., 1679-83. Hunt, Thomas, D.D., 1606-1774. educated at and Fellow of ILirt Hull, Oxford, became Begius Pr(»f. of Hebrew, and Canon of Christ Church in 1747. He was the author of several publications on the Arabic, 1728-48, and of the following work, pub. after his death by Dr. Kennicott: Observ. ou Several [26] Passages in the Book of Proverbs, with two Serms., Oxf., 1775, 4to. "The tmindafions of the translation proposed in this volume are f;enerally important, and thiow mucli lisbt on snme passa'^es which are attended with considerable difficulty." — Orme's Bihl. £ib., q. V. " They display in a very advantageous light the ciilical acumen of the author, and his extensive aoiiuaintauce with theE.istern languages." — Lmi. Month. Rev.. 0. K. liii. 102. q. v. tor .'Specimens. "As tlio book is neither very scarce nor very dear, it will be worth the student's while to procure it." — Home's Bill. BU>. See Doddridge's Letters; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Chal- mers's Biog. Diet. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxi. Hunt, Thomas. Diseases of the Skin, Lon., 1847, Svo; 3d ed., 1S58. " We have found Mr. Hunt's practice exceedingly successful in severe obstinate cases." — Braithwrtitc's Retrospect of Medicine. *' The fiicfs and views he brinies forward eminently merit atten- tion." — liritiah and Foreign- Medical Reinero. Hunt, Thomas P., b. 1794, in Charlotte county, Virginia, graduated at Hampilen-Sldney College, Va., 1813 ; licensed to preach, 1824 ; ordained, 1825. 1. Bible Baptism, Nos. 1 and 2. 2. Hist, of Jesse Johnson and his Times. 3. It will not Injure me. 4. Death by Mea- sure. 5. Wedding-Days of Former Time.?. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, are Temperance Tales. 6. Liquor-Selling a System of Fraud. Other publications, among which are a num- ber of papers contributed to periodicals. Hunt, Thomas Stevry, b. 1826, at Norwich, Conn., appointed, in 1847, chemist and mineralogist to the Geo- logical Survey of Canada, has pub. a number of Annual Reports in connection with the Survey, and many papers on Chemistry, Mineralogy, aud Gcolo.ijy in the Amer. Jour, of Science and the L. E. and D. Pliilo.s. Mag. His essays on a New System of Chemical Theory in the first- named periodical have attracted much attention and been repub. in England and Germany. Mr. H, is the author 922 of an Introduction to Organic Chemistry, prefixed to Prof. B. SilHuian, Jr.'s, Elements of Chemistry. Hunt, Thornton, b. 1810, eldest son of Leigh Hunt, and the author of The Foster-Brother, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo, an historical romance of the 14th century, has been editorially connected with The Constitutional, The North Ciieshire Reformer, The Glasgow Argus, tfec. See Men of the Time. Lon., 1856. Hunt, Wm. 1. Gilbert's Distresses and Replevin, Lon., 1703, '94, Svo. 2. Cases on the Annuity Act, Bir- ming., 1794, '90, Svo. Hunt, \Vm. American Biographical Panorama, Albany, 8vo. Hunt, Wm., M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Univ. of Penna. Erasmus Wilson's Dissector's Manual of Prac. and Surg. Anat. ; 3d Amer. from the last Lon. ed., Phila., 1856, r. 12mo, pp. 5S2, with 154 Illus- trations. An excellent work. See Goddard, Paul B., M.D. ; Wilson, Erasmus, M.D. Huntar, Alex. Wcight-s, Ac, Ediu., 1624, 4to. Hunter. Nummi Veterum Populorum et Gra^corum, cum 08 Tab. sen., Lou., 17S2, 4to. Hunter, Miss A. S. 1. Select, from Cicero, 1809, 12mo. 2. Miscellanies for Fem.ale Readers, 1810, 12mo. Hunter, Alexander, M.D., 1729-1S09, a native of Edinburgh, settled at York, England, was the author of several works on medicine, agriculture, &c., the principal of which is Georgical Essays, Lon., 1770-74, 4 vols. Svo; York, 1803, 4 V(ds. Svo ; vols, v., vi., Lon., 1S04, Svo. He also edited Evelyn's Sylva: see Evelyn, John, No. 5, See also Watt's Bibl. Brit; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Hunter, Alexander. Con. to Ann. uf Med., 1799. Hunter, Mrs. Anne, 1742-1821. the wife of the celebrated surgeon, Juhu Hunter, and a sister of Sir Everard Home, is the author of Jly Mother bids me braid my Hair, and The Mermaid's Song, and other songs made famous by the music of Haydn. In 1802 she pub. a vol. of Poems, which met with but little mercy at the handa of Lord Jeffrey : "Poetry really does not seem to bo her vocation, and rather appears to have been studied as an accomplishment than pursued from any natural propensity.'' — Edni. Rev., i. 421-4iiti, g.v. '•All of her verses are written with elegance and feeling, and her Death-Sone: is a noble strain, almost worthy of Campbell himself".' — Bhidcivnod's Moi/., xli. 409. Also highly commended by the British Critic for Octo- ber, 1802. A biographical notice of Mrs. Hunter will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1821, 89-90. Hunter, C. G. Russia; being a complete Picture of the Empire, 1818. Hunter, Christopher, 1675-1757, a physician of Durham. 1. New ed. of the Ancient Rites and Monu- ments of the Church of Durham, 1733. Anon. 2. Illust. of Neale'.s Hist, of the Puritans, &,c., 1736, Svo. 3. Anti- quarian Con. to Phil. Trans., 1700, '02, '17, '44. Hunter, Christopher, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1799, Svo. Hunter, David, D.D. Hist, of Christ, 1770, 2 vols. 12mo. Hunter, G. M, Louis and Antoinetta; a Trag. 1794, 8vo. Hunter, Henry, D.D., 1741-1802, a native of Culross, Perth.'^bire. pnptur of the Scotch Church. London M'all, from 1771 until his death, was the author and translator of several valuable works. 1. Sacred Biography, Lon., 1783-1802, 7 vols. Svo; 8th ed., 1820, 5 vols. Svo; 1S26, 2 vols. Svo. Last ed.. with Introduc. by Rev. A. Patter- sou, 1840, imp. Svo. Formerly very popular. 2. Lava- ter's Essays on Physiognomy, 1789-98, 5 vols. 4to, £30. 3. Serm., 1793, Svo. 4. Letters of Euler, 1795, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Serms., 1795, 2 vols. Svo. 6. St. Pierre's Studies of Nature, Lou., 179G-99, 5 vols. Svo; 2d ed. in 3 vols. r. Svi). 7. Saurin's Serms., 1796, Svo. 8. Hist, of London and its Environs, 1796, ttc, in Pts., ISll, 2 vols. r. 4to, Of little value. 9. Lects. on the Evidences of Christianity, 1798. 10. Sonnini's Travels in Egypt, 1799, 3 vols. Svo. 11. Serms., &c., with Account of his Life and Writings, 1804, 2 vols. Svo. " Several of these discourses are upon sacramental occasions, and afford an interesting specimen of the form of admission as praftised by the Church of Scotland." — Walter Wilson. See Memoirs prefixed to No. 1 1 ; Rees's Cyc. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxii.; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent- Seot.'^men, 1855, iii. 144-147. Hunter, Jac. Epistola) Miscellaneae, Vien., Aust., 1631. Svo. Hunter, James* Farriery, Ac, Lon., 1796, Svo. IIUN Ilnntor, James. Swing-Plow, Edin., lS-i3, 8vo. Sec Dr.iinlilson's Agricult. Biug. Hunter, John, 1728-1793, the distinguished anato- mi:?t aiitl surgeon, was a native of Long Calderwood, near Glasgow, the son of a fanner, and the youngest of ten children. His early education was very defective, as he preferred auiusement to the studies of the grammar-school which he uccasionally attended. After working as a cabi- net-maker's apprentice in Glasgow for about three years, he was induced in his twenty-first year, by the medical reputation of his brother AYilliam, in London, to offer himself as his assistant. He arrived in London in 174S, studied anatomy with his brother, and surgery under Che- Bclden, and, by the distinction which he rapiilly acquired and continued to augment, gave evidence that lie had found his proper sphere of action. 1. Nat. Hist, of the Human Teeth, Lon., 1771, '78, 1S03, 4to. In Dutch, Dordr., 1773, 4to. 2. Prac. Treat, on Diseases of the Teeth, Lon., 177S, 4to. Supp. to No. 1. 3. Treat, on the Venereal Disease, 1786, 4to. New ed.. by Joseph Adams, M.D.. 1818, Svo. With addits. by Ph. Ricord, edited by F. J. Bumstead, Phila., 1853, Svo. 4. Observ. on Certain Parts of the Animal (Economy, Lon., 1786, '87, 'DO, 4to. New ed., by Owens, 1837, 4to, 5. Treatise on the Blond, Inflammation, and Gun-?hnt AVounds ; with the Author's Life, by Everaril IlMme, 1797, 4to; 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. Dr. Hunter contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., Med. Com., and Trans. Med. and Chir., for an account of which and edits, of his works see Watt's Bibl. Brit. A collective ed. of his Works, with Notes and Life, by Palmer, was pub. by Longman in 18:;?, 4 vols. 8vo, £3 10«. To the above noticed Lives by Home and Palmer, the biographies by Dr. Joseph Adams and Jesse Foot, and the Life in Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scots- men, and that in the Lives of British Physicians, we refer the reader fur further information respecting this distin- guished anatomist and surgeon. See also our notice of Home, Sir Eveuard, M.D. Dr. Hunter's celebrated col- lection of comparative anatomy, (fee., which cost him £70,000, was bought by the government fi.r £15,000 and presented, with certain conditions, to the Royal College of Surgeons. In addition to authorities cited above, see also Disraeli on the Literary Character. Hiintei'9 3Irs. John, wife of the preceding. See Hi'NTntt, Mrs. Anne. Hunter, John, M.D., Physician to tho Army, pub. several medical treatises, 1775-93. Hunter, John, Admiral, Royal Navy. 1. Transac. at Port Jackson, &c., Lon., 1793, 4to. 2, Scenery of My- sore, 1S05. fol. Hunter, John, 1747-1837, Prof, of Hum.anityin the Univ. of St. Andrew's for about half a century, and sub- sequently Principal of the United College of St. Salvador and St. Leonard, pub. excellent edits, of Virgil, Horace, Juvenal, and Flacnus, 1797-1806. Dr. Hunter was a critic of profound erudition. See Edin. Rev. ; Lon. New Monthly Mag., 1st Ser., No. 77 ; Lon. Monthly Mag., No. 341; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; art. Grammar, in Encyc. Brit. Hunter, Kev. John, Vice-Principal of the National Society's Training College, Battersea, has pub. several works OQ English Grammar, English Parsing, &c., Lon., 1847-50. Hunter, John. A Poem, Ac, 1798, 1800. both 8to. Hunter, John Dunn. Manners and Customs of Several Indian Tribes located west of the Mississippi, Ac, Phila., 1823, 8vo, pp. 402. Reprinted in London in the same year, under the title of Memoirs of a Captivity among the Indians of North America, from Childhood to the age of Nineteen, ifec, Svo, pp. 447. This woi'k was very favourably received in England. "The perusal of Mr. Hunter's nanative has left a strong con- Tietion on our uiiuds that it is the authentic production of an individual who has actually passed many years of bis life among the Indians." — Lon. Quar. Hcv., xxxi. 76-111. "Mone who have passed a single afternoon in his company, whatever might have been their previous impressions, have any longer had the slightest doubt that he is exactly what he repre- sents himself to be; or that his story, recorded as it is entirely from memory, the savages among whom he lived having no writ- ten language, is perfectly faittiful.'' — Lo7i. Mcnith, liev., cii. 243- 256; 30S-3S1. "An authentic, most amusing, and accurate narrative." — Lou'wk-i's Bill. Man., 986. But audi alteram partem : "Mr. John Dunn Hunter is one of the boldest impostors that has appeared in the literary world since the days of Psalmanazar. His book ... is a worthless fabrication." — General Lewis Cass: iV. Amer. Rev., xxii. 9-t-lUS. g. u. for the evidence upon which this charire is founded. We should linger a moment upon this theme, but our IIUN limited space forbids. See also Blackw. Mag., xvi. 639- 640 ; xvii. 56 ; Lon. Lit. G.az., 1S23, 242, 260, 278 ; Ric-h"3 Bibl. AiiKT. Nova, ii. 150, 1S6; E. Norgate's pamplilot entitled Mr. Jolin Dunn Hunter defended, Lon., 1826, Svo, pp. 3S, (an answer to General Cas.=, in the N. Amer, Rev., eifprn;) and J. Neale's answer to Norgatc. Hunter, Joseph. Find. Serm., 1813. Hunter, Rev. Joseph, Assistant Keeper of the Public Records, a learned antiquary, has pub. several valuable works, among which are (I.) Hist, and Topog. of the Deanery of Doncaster, 1828, 2 vols, fol., £8 S». ; large paper, £16 16s. 2. Illust. of the Life and Studies of Shak^-peare, 1845, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Founders of Ply- mouth, New England, 1849, p. Svo. 4. Collections rel. to Founders of Plymouth, New Eni;I.and. 1854, ]>. Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1831: Edin. Rev., Oct. 1855; N. Amer. Rev., April, 1856; Ilallam's Lit. Hist, of England, 1854, ii. 176, n. Hunter, Maria. Novels, Lon., 1792-98. Hunter, Mrs. Rachael, of Norwich, d. 1813, pub. a number of novels, &c., Lon., 1801-10. •■ Her publications are all of a stiictly moral tendency."— lRi«'S BUI. n.-it. Hunter, Robert, Governor of Jamaica from 1728 until his death in 1734, was the author of the celebrated Letter on Enthusiasm, (ascribed to Swift and Shaftesbury,) and, according to Co.xeter, a farce, called Androboros. See Nichols's Lit, Anec. ; Biog. Dramat. ; Swift's Works; Bancroft's Hist. U. States. Hunter, Robert. Law of Landlord and Tenant in Scot.; 2d ed., Edin., 2 vols. Svo. Hunter, Thomas, Vicar of Weaverham, Cheshire, d. 1777. 1. On Tacitus, Lon., 1752, Svo. 2. On Lord Bo- lingbroke, 1770, Svo. 3. Moral Discourses on Providence, Warring., 1774, 2 vols. Svo. '' Superior to the ordinary class." — Lon. Critical liev. 4. Reflections on Lord Cliesterfield's Letters, 1776, Svo, Hunter, VV. P. Narrative of the Late E.xpedition to Syria under Admiral Stopford, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p. Svo. An interesting account of the campaign in Syria. Hunter, William, 1718-1783, M.D., a distinguished anatomist and physician, brother to John Hunter, (nn(e,) was also a native of Long Calderwood, near Glasgow, the son of a farmer, and the seventh of ten children. After pursuing his studies for live years in the University of Glasgow, with the intention of entering the churcli, he was induced by Dr. CuUen to turn his attention to medi- cine, in which department he made astonishing progress. In 1741 he settled in London, where his talents and assi- duity soon rendered him distinguished. 1. Medical Com- mentaries, Pt. 1, Lon., 1762, 4to. Supp., 1764, 4to. 2. Anatomia Humani Uteri Gravidi Tabulis [34] illustrata, Lat. and Eng., Birming., 1774, atl.as fol., £6 6s. A sjpleu- did work. An Anatomical Description of the Human Gravid Uterus and its Contents, Lon., 1794, 4to. Edited by Dr. Baillie, 5s. This is intended to supply tho want of a descriptive account in No. 2, and should therefore accompany it. 3. Lects. on tho Gravid Uterus and Mid- wifery, 17S3, 4to. 4. Two Introduc. Lects. to An;itomic.al Course of Lects., 1784, 4to. Dr. H. also contributed a number of papers to I'hil. Trans., 1743-84, for a list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit. He possessed a collection of Greek and Latin books, medals and coins, which cost him more than £20,000. Of a portion of the coins, a catalogue was pub. by his friend, Charles Combe, M.D., fj, v. Hunter possessed less genius than his brother John, (from whom he was long estranged,} but more scholarship and far more amiability of temper. See Account of Hunter's Life and Writings, by S. F. Symmons, M.D., 1783, Svo; Chambers and Thomson's Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 147- 156; Lives of Brit. Physicians; Disraeli on the Literary Character; Lon. Month. Rev., vols. Ii., Ixxv., l.\.\xvi., ^ic. Hunter, William. Customs books, 1764-76. Hunter, W illinni. Songs, Edin., 1764, 12mo. Hunter, Willinm. Semis., &<:., 1771-S4. Hunter, William, d. 1815, surgeon in East Indies. 1. Account of Pegu, Calcut., 1785, r. Svo; Lon., 1789, 12mo. In F'rench, with Notes by M. Langles. 2. Caverns near Bombay, Lon., 1788, 12mo; and in Archicol., 1785. 3. Diseases incident to Indian Seamen, Calcutta, 1804, •24, fol. 4. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. 5. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1807. Hunter, William. Travels in 1792 through France, Turkey, and Hungary, Lon., 1798, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1803, 2 vols. Svo ; 70 coiues on large paper. Severely criticized by Lord Brougham in Edin. Rev., iv. 207-214. Hunter also pub. several political works, 1794-lSll. S23 HUN Hnntingdon. Pee irivTiNnTou Huutiiigford, George Isaac. DT> ttjo laio tUeolog treatises. I,i 1S32, 8vo, was rub. by hi, nenhew H.nry Hunt,.;,-f„ramm' Le.xicon Pindaricnm, ISU, Svo is" " o " "' *■• ^- ^'"■"''^" ««™^-. Albany, Llf?.!'."s"^'""' E'"'"«=^«''-- See UtKTINGTON, WlL- tbe Coiie^ at CaiZld^.^:^ iLi,^!!;!:.!' C^^' 1819; graduated at Amherst College, 1S:;9 •od-Leti over South Congregational Church, Boston 6c 19 isj" appointed Preacher to the University an.rPhLier pfo' ^ssor ol Christian Morals in Harvard CoIIe<4 m" Dr lit iCo % "' "-"'T' T "-^ P-^"*"- .:? ou Saviou : JJost., tSmo Sermons for the Peonle lS";r! 19,., \ twenty pampble.s.-Sermons, Dlstrst'j;/^,^,:.^^^^ contributor to the Monthly Religious Alanine ti' Chr.sfan Register, The Christian E.xaminer "liemocrat e ed.ts. of the following works of th Re t. Wnf Z urn ford, now a citizen of Boston:-!. Martvria Bo^t isjr" 12mo. 2. Euthanasy. .S Christi-mitlth n'l ' "' the Soul and its Lilef 184(1 lCoAL'ert;fo7''''''r "' rioan cd of Archbp'. V^J^ (i^^"^:^j: j^ 12mo A biographical and descriptive account i>fDr' ISil""!,'"'"*"' •'• *"• *^''""^' °f '''"o Arts, N. York, of"e"YoIl*T.;/,"sf'"'""^^""^•="t' b-n the city political weekly pip^' je.oteJ to R 'c!,'';, ",'""'", ''^ ■"'"'' ana fothfiiiy ioL}^ti:.'^!tJt;;::,iZ' '^/rr^' ^'---"^ lS«,Y!:ols'p''ivr ^s"' ""r^"^' N-^'-k'and Lon., He. lU?'l2j':^V:-by'rp^&dr '" '"'''■ ^'^"■ aua kin. '-p. -231 'f,ts,,l„," ^ """' *° ''° =»™«sor of her kith ^'^^^'^^^^::'::i^i!^"i^^%f^^ -d .he Me'tUv^o^;-''"'-"^ Church Rev., ii. 505; Sou'th. Lit. 924 nuR .S.Alban; or the History of a Young Puritan IWn f;J''^.^<"''="*= " Sequel to Alban, 1852, 12mo huoti„;...pnnind are out hifntwh 7'-.''''' P""''- "^ ■-"> I"''i-'n o^ines,^he .uui^t St-t^-^-re-VJl^L!!;:,:-- thJ^?pSasr;?r:^:r:;-[j-^-^^7 Huntington, Joseph DD''''-^'."?^-'o'r' "''•'■ of WindhanT, Conn, grad ,'t Yak."c.lV '■^^^,^o°""™ inneawas nlained^:^ior'o?t^l;;i^ - ^ .^ of t'ho'Lif^^-of'lb .,au"^.Sr:se .V804 P""' "-">'" 529-53.5; N. Haven" Cbri.M'ilth.'lpee.'r 449"""'' ^'''• ions w?ll 1 1 V f ■■' ^?-}''^ ' ""'l '''""'' "f his Observe- To^.n?"!'""' '^"''^"' lf91-182.3, wife of the Rer Scotland. SeeNH -yen Cii'M" '^r\'''"' '"'"^'" '° Huntington, «, Tarn .S' f " '44^i'8T? T ""■ years a popular Calviuist Me'thotiyt prtther' in LonTo7 £ 2; The iTi^'i-r' ''^ ^^'°'-^'' 1«56, 6 vofs. d my 8^0! Br^: :ditiin'''^-,T"-'^%r-rf""' p--'"^"^ ^-- (he one above noticed in 20 vols pub at £12 T J, , Huntington's Letters were pub.'n 1851 The tWeSs" at'irI'f™rnt^onea?i,'?„!"/^'',,Tr',°' '^"■"^- °""'" -° ' «^et refuge to .S.S., b, whi A InyaI1;^^™T |,,™ ™»P^"'d "> "^ "" .""''!I'';.A;l,.";';¥'r'\ *:••••«■ v" • »•■ 4to. '" Imprisonment, Lon., 1641, ru" w'[7'2"s".''- ^'^^"^''"''--■' Morbis Naut^ Huntley, (apt. Sir Henrv V P tj i t. L™ '^4^ *^'7!'"'^ Vear/^^^-^-^, ^i^-,:^]^- I9T" 2 Seven V- ■"■ ^'"- . ^'"^ ^™- Athena'am, 1849, p habitants, I85';i,l!yoIs'p''svo""""^ "' """ '^"'^ ''^ ^°- h"""'.""''' ^*''''^- S^° SiGoon-VEv, Mns. Lvnu Athen o"o°r"N° "i" '>^"j '''''''' '«"' "'«■ A°- See Hurd, John C, Counsellor-at-Iaw of the city of New HUR York. The Law of Freedom and Bondage in the United States. Bust., 1858 : vol. i., 8vo. "Justly entitled to the praise of being one of the most learned works ever produced in this country." — Gkoroe S. Hillard. Iliird, John R. Hyponia; or, Thoughts on a Spiritual Umlerstiinding of the Apocalypse. N. York, lS-i4, Svo. Ilurd, Philip. Legal publications, 1814. Hurd, Richard, D.D.. 1720-1808, a native of Con- greve, Staftord.'^hire. admitted of Etnanuel Coll., Canib., 1733; one of the Whitehall Preachers, 1750; Rector of Thureaston, 1757; Rector of Yolkton. Y^jrkshire. 1762; Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1765 ; Archdeacon of Glouces- ter, 1767; Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1775; trans, to Worcester, 1781 ; declined the Archbishopric of Canter- bury, 1783. His principal works are the following: — 1. Commentary on Horace's Ars Poetica. 1749; 4th ed., 1763, 3 vols. Svo. New ed., 1776. George Colman over- threw Hurd's Hypothesis, and Ilurd admitted that Colman was right. See Colman, Geokge. the elder. See Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854. iii. 94. 5t)U; Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit.. 1810, 41, 218. The eulogy lavished by Hurd, in this Commentary, on Warburton, gained him the friendship of that prelate. 2. Comment, on Horace's Epis- tola ad Augustum ; with a Discourse on Poetical Imitation, 1751. Warburton considered this Commentary "one of the most masterly pieces of criticism ever written." '■Hmd extracts an order and coherence which I am unable to recognise iu the ori{;inal." — Green's Diary of a Li/ver of Lit., pp. 40, 120. 3. Dialogues on Sincerity, Retirement, the Golden Age of Elizabeth, and the Constitution of the English Govern- ment, i75'J, 8vo. Anon. Rcpid^. along with his Letters on Chivalry and Romance, (pub. 1792, Svo,) and Dialogues on Foreign Travel, (pub. 1764, Svo,) under the title of Dia- logues, Moral and Political, 1765, 3 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1771, 3 vols. sm. Svo. Again, 1788, 3 vols. Svo. The first ed. (1759) contains some passnges which were omitted in the subsequent edit. ; but see Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., p. 71. '• Dr. Hurd, it is well known, published, at one time of his life, Moral and Political Dialogues, with a woefiU AVhiggish cast." — BosivdVs Life of Johnson. '■ There is a dialogue by Dr. Hurd on the times and personal qualities of Klizabeth. which is not long, .-ind well worth leadinir, where her character is very suverely criticized." — I'rof Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. *■ I have now seen the whole of the Letters on Chivalry, and am ■wonderfally taken with them. They cannot but plcasf all persons of taste greatly. They are the petit-piece to that noble work. The Dialogues, in which there is all the correctness of Addison's style, and a strength of reasi'ining under the direction of judgment fur superior. The author is one of the best scholars in the kingdom, and of parts and genius equal to his learning, and a moral cha- racter that adorns both." — Bisuop Warhlrto.v. "After all, there is something ofTensive to correct feeling and just taste in thus imputing fictitious conversations to real personages: and, though Mr. Ilurd has executed his task with delicacy and address. I cannot help thinking that he has set a mischievous example.'' — Green's Diary of a L'/vrr if Lit., p. 69. 4. Select Works of Abraham Cowley, 1769, 2 vols. Svo. 6. An Introduction to the Study of the Prophecies cone, the Christian Church ; and in particular cone, the Ch. of Papnl Rome, 1772, Svo; 1788, 2 vols. Svo. Repub. in col- lective edits, of his Works; also new ed., with Prefatory Remarks by Rev. E. Bickersteth, 1839, fp. Svo. " lie contends for the double Sense of many of the prophecies. On this suliject. and on vaiious other principles essential to the right interpretation of the prophetic Scriptures, his work well deserves to be consulted." — Orme's Bill. Bib. *■ This elegantly-wi jiten and learned volume has long heen known and duly appreciated by the public. The subject is here ■ opened in the most masterly and instructive manner by BLshop Hurd. '— //'-rae'5 Bibl. Btb. *• A judicious outline on the plan of Mede." — Biclcerstclh'' s C. S. See also Brit. Critic, 0. S., x.wii. 652-653. *' His style, abating a few affected impurities from quaint idioms and colloquial cant, is really a fine one; and his .iccount of Mede, in the 10th Discourse, is in every respect — in sublimity of concep- tion, and in felicity, force, and grandeur of expression — worthy of Burke." — Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., pp. 1*)3-164. And see Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet., ed. 1S40, ii. 60. 6. Serms. preached at Lincoln's Inn, 1776-SO, 3 vols. Svo; 1785, 3 vols. Svo. "Ilis style is always perspicuous, and often extremely elegant, his method is natural and easy, and his manner in general simple and frequently striking." — Lon. Month. liev. And see Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., 165-166. 7. Serms. preached before the Lords, 1777. 4to. 8. Works of Bishop Warburton, 1788, 7 vols. 4to. New ed., 1811, 12 vols. Svo. 9. Life of Warburton, 1794, 4to. 10. Ad- dison's Works, with Philological Notes, 1810, 6 vols. Svo. " Never were my humble expectations more miserably disap- pointed! It seemed to me as a sad 'potato-rnasting' pei-formance from such a quarter." — Dibdin's Lib. Oumj)., ed. 1825, p. 613. nuR See Annisox, Joseph ; GnnEXE, Geouge WASHraGTOK. A cciUcrtive ed. of Bishop Kurd's Works, with Life by himself, appeared in 1811, 8 vols. Svo. This edit, com- prises (1.) Serms. and Charges; 2. iDtroduc. to the Study of the Prophecies; 3. Moral and Political Dialofjues; 4. Letters on Chivalry and Romance; 5. Critical Works and Dissertations, including his Horace. In ISOS, 4to, ISOy, Svo. were pub. Warhurton's Letters to Ilurd, of which a lively review by Lord Jeffrey will be found in Ediu. Rev., Jan. 1S09; and in his coutrib. to Edin. Rev., Lon., 1S5H, 880-893. In addition to authorities cited above, see Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, and his Curi- osities of Lit.; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Qoodhugh's Eng. Gent. Lib. Man., 155-li6; Lon. Quar. Rev., vii. 383. (by Rev. T. D. Whitaker;) Blackw. Wag., xxix. 379, n. 901; xxxvi. 427. •'The most sensible and judicious of modern critics." — Thomas Wartox. " \A'nrburton, and his imit.ttor Ilurd. and other livins critics of that school, are lo-ided with familiar idioms, whicti .it present would deliase even the style of conversation." — DisrofWa MuulL of Lit.: Sl'jlt. '• Ilurd has perhaps themerit of being the first who in this coun- try aimed at philosophical criticism : he had irreat iniieuuity, a no"d deal of reading, and a facility in appljiiig it; but he did not feel veiy deeply. w.as somewhat of a co.\cnmb, and having always before his eyes a model neither good in itself nor made for him to emulate, he assumes a dogmatic arrogance, wiiich. as it always offends the reader, sn for the most pai-t stands in the w.ay of the author's own search for truth,'" — Hallam's Lit. Hist. t. and Biography. 2. Brief Summary of Ancient Hist.. 12ino. To accompany No. 1. ''This Chart is constructed with great ingenuity. , , , It in some measure combines the advantag>s of both Dr. Priestley's charts, the Biographii-al and Historical, ' — Lon. Mmith. I,\r. Hurlbut, E. P. 1. Civil Offices and Political Ethics, N. York. 1S44, 12mo. 2. Essays on Human Rights and their Political Guar.antees, 1845, 12mo. With Pref. by G. Combo, Lon,. 1S47, r, Svo. Hurlbut, William Henry, b. July 3, 1827, in Charleston, S.C., graduated at Harvard Univ. 1847. Gan Eden ; or. Pictures of Cuba, Bost., 1854. 12mo; Lon., 1855, Ifimo, (vol. xc. of Longman's Travellers' Lib.) A versatile writer of al)ility. He has contributed largely to American periodicals and to the Edinburgh and other British Quar- terlies. Hurlestone, Randall. Newes from Rome cono. the JIasse, ic. Canterb. », c. IBmo, Hibbert, 4073. £2 5«. Hurley, Absalom. On Non-Residence, Lon. ,1759,4to. Huriock, Jo!?ieph. Dentition, Lon., 1742, Svo. Hurlstone, Edwin T. 1. Prac. Treat, on the Law of Bonds, Phila., 1835, Svo. 2. Excheq. Reports : see Horn, Hexby. Hurlstoue, Thomas. Plays and Novels, Lon., 1792-1803. See Biog. Dramat. ; Walt's Bibl. Brit. Hurly, James. .Astronomy. Lun., 1771, Svo. I Hurn, Wm. Poems. Lon,, 1777 '84. both 4to. I Uurn,Wm. Principles of the Church, Lon., 1790, Svo. 923 HUR Hurrion, John, lfi75?-1731, a Congregationd m.n.sU.r at Denton, Norfulk, and subsequently in l",e Court London was the author of .ome excellent sermon' and theo oK,eal treatises, the best-known of whi h i™h on the Holy Sp,„f, (,n XVI. Serms. at Pinner's Ila 1/34 Svo. An ed,t. of his Diseourses was pub. in 1?27 vilh a L,fe, appeared in 1823, 3 vols. 12nio. There have been also new edits, of several of his works smarln.ss that never degenerates into levify."-WALTER Wilson. Urs. Ridgley (Jill, and other authorities, also hi.-hly Jan.Ts27. "■'"'" ^°'^'- ^"^ '"^ ^'"'- ^™''g''l- M"-gv ^^""^; J?''*- 1'^*'''' formerly Miss Mitchell, pub a number of Tales f„r Young Persons. Lou., 17!I7 l.'Jl^ie H-II'T' ,.'**""'''■'*•, ^"^"''^ Tables, Lon., 1786, 12mo.' Hurst, Henry. Serms., 1659-90. Po™',T*\"!'''""''"-T '^""'- "f M- Gombauld's prose Eomanee, hndymion, Lon., IG37, Svo. Hurst was Secre- te Vienna'."" ^°''- ^''^'^"*'^". Ambassador from England Hurst, Thomas, D.D. Serms., 1637-44 ,„'*"'"L*'V?"r'. <'!" aV , !^'- "'^ •'" ""^ l'"'''i'= Orders, Ae. of Parlia ment, Mch. 19, 1042. to Dec. 1016. f„l., 1646 Hn'o ;!."l 'n •' "',^^''™■ Five Serms,. Lon., lS29,Svo. 1? a' ' "e^-John. Avon; a Poem, 1811. HusKinson, Eliza. The Song of the Spheres- a Poem. Lon., 1853, fp. 8vo. i'pneres, a Husliisson, William. MP I77n ic-in of I^rch Moret^n, Worce"k^:^-knl^St^^^a;! los his l,fe n consequence of having his le-s eru-^hed bv ohesTer'RXa?' '1" TT^ 1 .l.e^Liverpo'ol'and'Ma^ cuester Kailw.ay. A c.dlective cd t. of his Speeches fbolb AmVet'e'^iretb/^K^bert ^Ish; ptil.f ^^o^' ^IHs a^'^^be^rfe.^:;:"- -' ^°— - - fl;:?;S:,lr^:^.lj;j;;;^J-"-» °"^" *° ^^ ">^ -anual or te^K^^XoZTts^^i^lr^r -■ Journal. "' '''"""""'' ''''"'=^' '"'-"''- <^-^ the Asiatic the5,>e^:;'S\Cr'7hf soW' "?* ?PP"fatinn, but neither Aaenm.„/A,.lsSr^4':V^l"',.°2^^Kll?,^^?"'-*-"-S- See abso bis Hist, of Europe, 1815-52: Life prefixed to Speeches; Index to Bla./w Mag., vols. i.!l'.rF,^'r': eiro-n ^7' f"'"-*'™'- Mag., 1830, Pt. 2. 265, 366, 61J, 6j0. Ilusk.sson contributed much personal assist ance to Wm. J.acob's Hist. Inquiry into the Prwiuet on ilussev " A " "'k'^ ''""""'^ ^'^""«' ''■■''■ 2 vols. 1; o xiussey, A. Notes on Ancient Churches in the Husle^v 'V^,'"'.^us>«, and Surrey, Lon., 1852, Svo ^t^i^V^E^r^^Tl^""'' "f ""''"' -S-«y -d Hussey, G. Hist., l''mo. Ilnssey, Garret, M.D. On Fever, Dubl., 1784 Svo W.w:BtX.'° """' "■" "'" ■'"^•""-^ ef Error' L„d-^I^: of ^a"mbr*idk:''?^f ?'•'/ Congregational Calvlnist divine 01 lam bridge, tngland. 1. Serms., 1693, Svo. 2. Serm cllv f°- .^-"''"'^ "'■ •^'"■'^' Unveiled, 1706, 4to 4 God s Operations of Grace, 1707, Svo. Recently renub Hussey s works are scarce. See AVil,on's Hi of Ti,' senting Churches; Lowndes's Brit. L b° M8 46 " Hi" Ox?'''li"?"'' 'T.-,''''' «^S'- Pr'o/. ofEceles. Preacher 1 1 ^™-'or of Christ Church, and Whitehal premacy, 1851. i2mo '''■'"'"' ^'°- 2. The Papal Su- Hc^v'nn''' 'T; -^"n^-^- ^''"'^ °f "'^y-^^' Kent. Holy Bible, with a Comment.; in Pts. r. 8vo 1843, co"v fsj'o v'^-tT'.-'- ^"-'-'i-'^ of British" 9, F' In i^- '"' ^"-^ "" <=<'1'J Wates, £7 I'', 2d ber., 50 co M Plates, £4 10,. A splend d work Lon. Gardener's Chronicle. Hussey, 'Thonias, R. Catholic Bishop of Watcrford of Vcrmor ' 'l,"ir'" "' '''^^""""^ •=''"^'^' P""- " --^" th:,f !;;^::i,:?^Uo;i.';^/;iJ:sij^S;f r'- ""' " "«■" -^^^^ IJlIss^v' w"'- t'^'^'^^'^S- "■^••''"''^=' *''" Lon., 1646-47. the Gosre.':'L:'"-182k^2mr"°^ '" ''"""^^ ^^'"'^'^ "^ lle„f:T '""'"'■ '""" '"•''"""™'' »°^ «''^«- advice."_Zo„. C7irt5. 2 Explan. of the Order and Contents of the Bible C.Ci'mi. ' thoroughly versed on this subjecf-JuiaE R. Hiitcheson, Archibald, d. 1740, pub. several works wh^^h'^'^he^ii if;::' 7T'7' *^- «>e most7,r;o,.tr„T^ Debts and Fun V r-o ".o '''''''""g '« ^^^ National .no^ „ ? ^' ^™'' ^"^' 25. 2 vols. fol. Hutcheson a f^i-it'of'wr' " "' "^-^'"S. ""^ ""« P"!"''" debt, for an MeC lid's Li Tvvr^ ^''"^ "" P"blie Credit; xxm 315 ^'''"- ^°""-' ^1^- Biaekw. Mag., go!*;'/:'^!'!,^;., S^f J™ f---' ^ Tale of Pa.a- No"ti"of'!Mf'>^'T""l'. 1"''"'47, a native of the i\orth ot Iieland, where his father was a Presbvtor!-,n minister entered the University of Lsgow in 1710 s udied divinity, and was licensed to prfa^h When about ,0 ,3,„„, t^„ |,^,,^_.^; ^^ a's mall Presbvte nan congregation in the North ol England 1 e was ner n ou'ral^d'" I '"i ^'^ff.^T '" '""'''''' ^''^'^'' ™ "">- 7 eneoui.aged. In 1,29 he became Professor of Monl Phi losophy ,n the Univ. of Dublin. In 1725 he pub An In and in 1,28 an Essay on the Passions and Affection- He also pub some manuals for his class, Ac. His gCat work ^d Cil'.u.r,:r ' n"' f'",'°-'P''y' -"■ tl'e Life'wr Uhigs^ pub bv h ,„ ° f''' "^""i?''' V ^'- ^^™- Lcechnian-,™ Of '^mirt^iniifiiJ;^;,:^;^::^'!^;^;;:^ <>;- ™">"'- <"™ Geo. ///., «rt."V.™S;,Ved mf li^"'"'-"^'''^'-' "-^ ""■ ^""^ "f :i?3iJ~^-^'--n^-»!-t™-^tsr inferior to both these v/i'i'ti'iX Crl t».„ „ "^ "" " ""^ "'^ '* nalit,v, and to BulL ,!;«.: yi;'^^„ X^nhn' ■''' ^''^^ "^ °''''-''- which, when it diecoverV .h= <■„, . .""»' Philosofhical couraeo leaves'otherstoSr?hestt-,n," '"'"l,"^ \^"'^ '■""' '?'='""oa. of the nuidern sclinol nf .iliiM.^ 1 ' ' • "l'*"'™" "'"' ••>« f'''hor MACKiNTOsi, : PVel/ " Ll,5 p? "''■^ '" Seotland."-Sm James i. 127, 120 """■ ^'"l"'- ^'•'■' <""l '■« Ms n-orks, 1864, But the honour assigned to Hutcheson in the last para, graph cannot pass unchallenged. This distinction t IIDT awarded, by the great philosopher who has just closed his eyes upon the world, to Ilutchcson's predecessor at Glas- gow : "Carmichael may be regarded, on good grounds, as the real founder of the Scottish school of philosophy." — SIR William Hamilton : KciiVs Colkdud }yiiti)iffs. p. 30. The attention of the reader is called to Dr. Leechman's Life of JIutchcson, noticed above: " A fine piece of philosophical bio^'iaphy."— Sre James Macki.v- TOsn : uhi supra. See also Biog. Brit., Supp. ; Tytler's Life of Kames ; Stewart's Life of Dr. Adam .Smith. Hutcliesou, George, one of the ministers of Edin- burgh. 1. E.xpos. of the XII. Small Prophets, 1655, 3 Tols. sm. 8vo; 1637, fob; best edit. "The honk presents much iu little, and breathes out much of God and {xodiiness." — E. Calamy. "Spiritual, full, pithy, and evancelical." — Bir?.crsletli's C. S. "Deserves the same character as the author's other work on Job." — Dr. E. W'llUums's C. P. See Nos. 2 and 3. 2. E.Kpos. of the Gospel according to John, 1657, fob ; 1841, r. 8vo. " Very full in drawing; out the various practical lessons on every yeTiie."—l-lichn-steHi's C. S. "They [Expositions of the Minor Prophets and of .Tobn] are very excellent pieces of composition, as docti inal and practical ^YOrlis, in which department all the writers of this class excelled." — Orme's Bihl. liib. See No. 1. 3. E.xpos. upon Job; being the sum of 316 Lects., 1669, fob "It contains many v.aluable observations." — Hornn's Bihl. Bib. "A work of considerahle merit. His method is perspicuous, and his observations f lunjed on the text are judicious and pro- fitable."— llV/iumji's C. P. See No. 1. " Full and evancrelical." — Biclryst>'th\t C. .^. Calamy compliments Hutcbeson by calling bira "another D.avid Dickson." 4. XIV. Serms. upon the 130th Psalm, Edin., 1691, 8vo. Hutclieson, Gilbert. Treat, on Offices of Justice of the Peace, Constable, Ac, Edin., 1806, 3 vols. r. Svo; 1815. 4 vols. r. 8vn. A work of authority. Hutchesoii, Robert K. 1. E.\cise Informations, &c., Brist., 1797, 8vo. 2. Excise Laws, rated men of the last century be- longed. However absurd many of its speculations seem to be, there must be a plausibility iu the leading principles of a system which engaged the attention and support of such men as Pre- sident Forbes and Bishop Home, Jlr. Parkhuist and Bishop Horsley. The leading idea of Hutchinson is that the Hebrew Scriptures contaiu the elements of all rational philosophy as well as of genuine i-eligion. Th.it [ibilosophy he opposes to the New- touian ; and hence he wrote his Moses Principia, or a commentary on the Mosaic account of the creation and the deluge. His Moses sine Principio contains an account of the fall, and of other sub- jects connected with it. His work on the coufusion of tongues is very ingenious; in which he attempts to prove that it was not a diversity of language, but of religion, which took place at Babel. His Tiinity of the Gentiles gives a view of ancient mythology and idolatry considered chiefly as a corruption of the true religion. In the Covenant of the Cherubim be gives a view of the perfection of tho Hebrew Scriptures, and of the Covenant of the Divine Three for the redemption of man. Hutchinson is an obscure, and, at the same time, a most dogmatical and abusive, writer. It is often ex- ceedingly difficult to ascertain his meaning, and still more diffi- cult to acquiesce in it when ascertained. That he and his scholars have contributed considerably to the interpretation of the Bible, it would be wrong to deny. They have done a good deal, at the same time, to injure and clog the science of criticism." — Orm&^s Bihl. Bib. " I have been in the habit of considering Hutchinsoniani.sm ag a tissue of fancies unsupported by reason or Scripture; and all that has occurred to me to read on that system has conlirmed that impression." — Robert Hall; Workx, ed. 1853, v. .'•34. Hutchinson attacks Dr. John Woodward's Essays to- 927 HUT wards a Natural Ilistnry of the Earth, as well as the Prineiitia of Sir Isaac Newton. Hutchinson, Kev. Julius. See Hutchixson, Lncv. Hutchinson, Rev. John. See Hutchinsos, Thomas. Hutchinson, Lucy, b. lfilO-20 a daughter of Sir Alhiu Ap.sley, and widow of Col. John Hutcliinson, the Governor of Kottin{,'ham Castle and town, and one of the judges of Charles I., wrote Memoirs of her hnsbanil's life and of her own, which were all first pub. from her MS. by their descendant, the Rev. .Julius Hutchinson, 1806, Lon., 4to; 1810, 4to ; ISIO, 2 vols. Svo ; 1816, sq., (Bohn's St.and. Lib., vol. xiii.) •' We havo not often met with any thing more interesting and curious than this volume."— Lord Jeffkei : Eilin. licv., xiii. 25, q. v. See also his review of the Memoirs of Lady F.anshawe. Edin. Rev., 1. 75-85; and Fan.siiawe, A.nn Harrison, Lady, in this Dictionary. " I have seldom been so deeply interested by any booli as this." — Robert Southlt : Lifo and Con-esp. *' Our readers probatily reineraber what Mrs. Hutchinson tells us of herself," &c. — T.B. Macaulat: Ont. and Hist. Essays^ 1854. ii. 2U2. . ,,,.,. "Great is the praise due to the fluent and uaive style of the author of the Memoirs of Colonel Hutchinson. ITie autbor was the wife and widow of the colonel,— a wom.nn of equal .spirit, talent, and virtue." — Dihdin's Lib. Coiiip., 1S25. 503. " The editor has not exaggerated when he recommends his book to the ladies as more entertaiuiui: than most novels." — Lrm. Crit. •R«'- . „ "A book of singular interest and importance.' — Censura Literaria. "A valuable addition to our records, and justly entitled to stand by the side of Rushworth, Clarendon, and Ludlow."— ion. Mimth. Rev. See also O.vford Review ; Hallam's Constit. Hist, of England, ed. Isil, ii. 321, .366. Hutchin.son, Lucy. Christian Religion, 1817. Hutchinson, aiichael, D.D. Scrm., (1716?) Svo. Hutchinson, Kichaid llely. Earl of Donough- more. 1. Speech in U. of Lords, ISIU, Svo. 2. Do., 1812, Svo. Hutchinson, Roger, d. 1555, an early Reformer, Fellow of St, John's Coll., Camh.. 1513, and of Eton Coll., 1550. Theolog. Works, edited for the Parker Soc. by John Bruce, Camh., 1S12, Svo. •• If I am at all able to judge, he is a man of profound undei^ etaoding, of singular learning, and yields scarcely to any one in strictness of life and clear judgment of religion : he is true- hearted, and is most strenuously averse from popery." — Roger ASCHAM. Hutchinson, Samuel, d, 1780, Bishop of KiUala and Achonry, 1759. Serm., Dubl., 1761. 4to. Hutchinson, T. J. Narrative of the Niger, Tshadda, and Binue E.xpedition, Lon., 1855, Ifimo. '■ A useful contribution to the history of African enterprise." — Lon. Alhenaum. 1S06. pp. 54S-519. Hutchinson, Thomas, D.D., Preb. of Chichester. Serms. and theolog. treatises, 1738, '45, '46. Hutchinson, 'I'homas. Xenophontis Opera Grfficse ct Latine. cum Notis Variorum, O.ton., 1727-35, 2 vols. 4to. (See also Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 191I4-95.) Spelman highly commends this edit. See also Harwood's View of the Greek and Roman Classics ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 143. Hutchinson, Thomas, 1711-17S0, graduated at Harvard College, 1727 ; Chief-Justice of the Province of Massachusetts, 1760 ; Lieutenant-Governor, 1758-71 ; Governor. 1771-74. Ho was superseded by General Gage, May 13, 1774, and on the first of the following month sailed for England, where he was in the receipt of a pen- sion until his death at Brompton, Juno 3, 1780. He was very unpopular in Massachusetts on account of his oppo- sition to the principles of American liberty; and his ilis- graco was completed by the publication of some of his private letters, of the same tendency, to an ex-niember of the British Parli.ament. These, with some others, were discovered in England by Benjamin Fr.anklin, .and by him sent back to Massachusetts to Dr. Cooper, with an iujunc- tion that they should not be copied nor published. 1. The Hist, of the Province of Ma.ssachusetts Bay from 162S to 1749, vol. i., Bost., 1764, Svo; Lon., 1765. Svo. The date 1760 which appears on some title-pages is erroneous. VoL ii., Bost, 1767. Svo: Lon., 1768, Svo; 3d cd. of vols. i. and ii., with addit. Notes and Corrects., Salem, Mass., 1775, 2 vols. Svo. Vol. iii., being a Continuation from 1749 to 1774, now first printed from the author's MSS., by his grandson, the Rev. John Hutchinson, of Trentham, Eng- land, Lon., 1828, Svo. A continuation of vols. i. and ii. nuT of Hutchinson's Hist., bringing the history from 1748 down to 1765. was written by George Richards Minot. and puK vol. i.. Bost., 179S, Svo ; vol. ii., 1S03, Svo. To Hutch- inson's History the collector must add (2.) A Collection of Original Papers relative to the Hist, of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, Bost., 1769, Svo, pp. 576. These were pub. by Hutchinson ■■ To support and elucidate the principal facts related in the first part of tlie History of Mas>achusetts Uay. and may serve as an appendix to it. . . . The author of that history was possessed of many other ancient and very curious original papers, which are u-recoverably lost by an unfortunate event, sufficiently known." The reference here is to the destruction of his papers at the time of the Stamp Act riots in Boston, in 1765. Hutch- inson also pub. some political pamphlets. See "Warren; Minot; the Histories of this period; Allen's Amer. Biog, Diet.; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova; Review of Hutchinson's 3d volume, in N. Amer. Review, xxxviii. 13 1-158 ; Review of Br. Hosack's Memoir of Dr. Hugh Williamson, in N. Amer. Rev., xi. 31-37, (by Edward Everett;) Review of Hubbard's Hist, of New England, in N. Amer. Rev., ii. 223, (by James Savage;) Review of Documentary Hist, of the Revolution, in N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 477-478, (by George Bancrolt :) Hubbard, William, in this Dictionary. "Hutchinson, whose writing is more worthy of the dignified title of history than any other American composition during our colonial state." — James Savage: uhi snpra. •'The only monument of his mind is his History of Massachu- setts, written with lively iu'iuisitiveness and a lawyer-like criti- cism : though without a glimpse of the great truths which were the mighty causes of the revolutions he describes. He was philo- sophic, if to know somewhat of the selfish principles in man be philosophy ; otherwise he was blind, except to facts." — George Ban- croft : ulji snpra. " The reputation of Governor Hutchinson's History of Massa- chusetts rests on the solid basis of utility and truth. As a full, correct, and ftiithful account of the rise and progress of an import- ant portion of our country, it is of inestimable value." — Jldgb Davis. " He laboured hard in the field of our colonial antiquities, pro- ducing fiir a result two volumes of early history, which will ever be considered a mine of wealth by all future historians and anti- quaries; though their minuteness of detail and fidelity of research will not compensate with most general readers for their length and moderate literary execution." — JV. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 137. " He wrote a good sulisfantial history. It has been well con- tinued by Minot.'" — Bladcw. Matj., xvii. 5S: ^ai^ncun WriterSy Ko. 4. Hutchinson, Lt.-Col. W.N. Dog-Breaking; the most Expeditious, Certain, and Easy Method, Lon., 1848, '50, fp. Svo. " A more opportune, a pleasanter, a more u.seful book to the sportsman th;m this has not been published for many a djiy. The author is a practical man, and almost every thing he writes about dog-breaking may be relied on. He is most varied and minute, ha.s forgotten nothing; and the many things he teaches, he teaches well."-^*H'.e remembered by a country so essentially benefited by his life and works." — Lord Eldon : ubi supra. See also Hallam's Lit Hist of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 219. Hutton, F. H., Vicar of Leckford, Hants. 1. Dis- courses, Lon., 1833, Svo. 2. Serms., 1835, Svo. Huttou, George. Amantes; a Nov., Lon., 1794, 12mo. Hutton, George, D.D. Serms., Ac, Lon., 1798-1809. Hutton, George. Theory and Practice of Arith- metic, Lon., 12mo. Abridged for L.adies, ISmo. Highly commended. 2. Miinual of Arithmetic, 1844, 12mo; 6th ed., 1854, 12mo. Hutton, Henry. 1. This 'World's Folly, Lon., 1615, 4to. 2. Follie's Anatomie ; or, Satyres and S.atyrieall Epigrams, Ac, Lon., 1619, sm. Svo, pp. 66. Bibl. Anglo- Poet, £10 10«,, 7. t: Hutton, James, M.D., 1726-1797, called the author of the Plutonian Theory of Geology, a native of Edin- burgh, took his medical degree at Leyden in 1749. On his return honie he became a zealous student of agricul- ture and geology, and gave the first-fruits of his researches to the world in 1777, under the title of Considerations on the Nature, Quality, and Distinctions of Coal and Culm, Edin., Svo. In 1792 he pub. Dissertations on different subjects in Natural Philosophy, 4to; in 1794, Dissertation upon the Philosophy of Light, Heat, and Fire, Svo; in the same year, An Investigation of the Principles of Knowledge, and of the Progress of Reason from Sense to Science and Philosophy, 3 vols. 4to; and in 1795, Theory of the Earth, with Proofs and Illustrations, 2 vols. Svo. This is a collection, with additions, of his papers on this subject in the Edin. Phih Trans. His theory, as com- municated in the above papers, had been warmly attacked by Dr. Kirwan, in the Memoirs of the Irish Academy. The day that Hutton read Kirwan's attack he commenced the preparation of the MS. of the above two vols, for the press. Professor John Playfair zealously espoused Hut- ton's cause, and pub. in 1802, Svo, Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth. This work was reviewed in the same year by Dr. John Murray, in A Comparative View of the lluttouian and Neptunian Systems of Geo- IIUT logy, in Answer to the Illustrations, 4o. In the h.ands of Professor Playfair we may safely leave the scientific reputation of Dr. Hutton. PUayfair's biographical ac- count of his " guide, philosopher and friend" will ho found in Trans. Soc. Edin., 1803, vol. v. p. 39. Or, as this work is not easily accessible, see a memoir of Dr. Hutton, based upon the above, in Chambers and Thom- son's Biog. Diet of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1855, iii. 175- 182 ; see also Huttonian and Neptunian Geology, — a review of Dr. Murray's Comparative View, by Lord Jeffrey, — in Edin. Rev., ii. 337-348 ; Sir Archibald Alison's Hist of Europe, 1815-52, chap. v. ; Dr. Hutton and his System, Bhackw. Mag., i. 232; A Word to Huttonian and Weruerian Disputants, Blackw. Mag., iii. 683-5S5 ; Walt's Bibl. Brit, articles Hutton, James, Luc, John Andrew De ; Donaldson's Agricnlt Biog. Dr. Hutton seems to have entertained a fraternal sympathy with all who were engaged in the laudable design of enlarging the bounds of human knowledge : " lie would rejoice over Watt's improvements on the steam- engine, or Cook's discoveries iu the South Sea, with all the warmth of a man who was to share iu the honour or profit about to accrue bom them." — Prof. Playfair ; iil'i supra. Hutton, James H. 1. Scrm., Exeter, 1797, 4to. 2. Hone EcclesiasticaB, 1808, vol. i., 12mo. Hutton, Joseph, Jr. Reaping-Hook ; Nic. Jour., 1811. Hutton, Joseph,1787-lS28, of Philadelphia. Poems. Hutton, Luke. The Blacke Dogge of Newgate, Lon., 4to, «. a. A poetical black-letter tract Hutton, Matthew, 1546-1605, Bishop of Durham, 15S9 ; trans, to York. 1594. 1. Serm., Lon., 1579, lOmo. 2. E.vplicatio de Electione, Prwilestinatione. .ac Reproba- tione, cui pra;mittuntur Lambethani Articuli, Hardrov., 1613, 4to. Hutton, Matthew, d. 1758, Bishop of Bangor, 1743; Archbishop of York, 1747; trans, to Canterbury, 1757. Occasional serms., pub. separately, 1741, '44, '45, '46, '47. Hutton, R. N. 1. Recollections of Rugby, Lon., 12mo. 2. Five Y'ears in the East, 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo. Highly commended. 3. Jealousy; a Nov., 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo. Hutton, Richard. Lexicon Latino-Gra;co-AngIi- cum, ad Gul. Morelii Archetypum accuratissime ex usum, Lon., 1583. Hutton, Sir Richard, d. 1639, made Serjeant, 1603 ; a Justice of the Common Pleas, 1618. 1. Argu- ments by him and Sir Geo. Coke, Lon., 1641, 4to. 2. Reports, 15 Jac I.-15 Car. L, 1612-39, fob, 1656; 2d ed., 1682, fol. Respecting this work and Hutton's MS. Reports, see Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1S55, 179, 377, 378. Hutton, Robert. The Summe of Divinitie ; from the Latin, Lon.. 1518, 12mo; 1560, '61, '67, 16mo. Hutton, Thomas. Subscrip. to C. Prayer, 1605, 4to. Hutton, Rev. W. The Book of Nature Laid Open ; 4th ed., Lon., 1821, 12mo. Amer. ed., revised by Rev. John L. Blake. D.D., N. York, ISmo. Hutton, VViUiam, 1723-1815, a bookseller of Bir- mingham, rose liy perseverance and industry from poverty to .aflluence. In his last work — A Trip to Coatham — written in his eighty-sixth year, he tells us — " I took up my pen. and that with fear and trembling, at the advanced age of fifty-si.>(, a period when most would lay it down. I drove the quill thirty years, during which time I wrote and published thirty books."' I His works were originally pub. from 1782 to 1810. A collective ed. of his Works was pub. in 1817, in S vols. Svo, consisting of— Vol. I. His Life, written by himself; Jour- ney to London ; 2d edition. II. History of Birmingham. III. Courts of Requests, and Dissertation on Juries and Hundred Court IV. B.attle of Bosworth Field; 2d edit., with Additions by Nichols. V. History of Derby ; De- i scription of Blackpoob VI. History of the Rom.an Wall, VII. Remarks on North Wales; Tour to Scarborough, with A Survey of I'ork. VIII. Trip to Coatham. He also pub. The Barbers ; a Poem, 1793, Svo ; Edgar ' and Elfrida; a Poem, 1794, Svo. There has been a new ed. of his Poems, chiefly Tales, Svo ; and, since the col- lective ed. of his Works was pub., there have been new eds. of the Court of Requests, 1840, Svo; his Life, by himself, 1841, sq. ; Trip to Redcar and Coatham, 184], Svo. His topographical works are valued for the vast amount of minute details which they contain. See his autobiogra.phy, a curious and amusing work ; Lon. Month. > Rev., Isxxii. 202; Blackw. Mag., i. 413-414. j Huttou, William. Voyagei to Africa, Lon., 1S21, i Svo. A valuable work, with public documents. Hex V,.!^?n""'' ■J"''"' M-I5- 1694-176S, a native of Hal- berton, Devonsh.re the sou of a butcher, studied under IZl^CT' f \'^ Z"' """! ^b-^^n^eutly praetised at Ply- tiunes Je Aero et Morb.s Epidemicis: vol. i., Lon., 1739, 8vo; vol. „. 1752, 8vo; vol. iii., p„b. by his son 1771 fnVj r,^n'"r''""' ^^""'^ Bibl. Brit. 2.Essa; on Fevers, 739, 50, '57, '64, ■67. '6.""™'r^' '^l'"-^'?' ""'' Smythier,and cited as iirst and Second Books of Judgments ni?f m-vT^h'^*;?""*' ^."V^' distinguished naturalist. Dist, ,y of the Ocean.o Hydrozoa. In press, 1867. See H.' ..' ■.".'• %"■' ^':- I^i«S>-^Pl'3', VOL vii.,'supp Huxtable, Itev, A. Ou Manures. 1847, 8vo au^o"ntkd,t' c^7; f''-«"«i^',P"''. some treatises on the Hor'n^l'B.ill. Bib "'" " '' '' ^™-' ''''' '''' ^"^ «- IsSno*:' ■'• "'• ""'''' ^'"""^ "' ^--^•^. Lon., Huyshe, John, of Brazcnnos* College. Treat on Lo^c, on the basis of Aldrich, Lon., P'mo 2. Scrms. on Select Subjects; 2d ed 181 1 8v,T q \^' on the VII Epistles i thrApotlypVe, 'i^M 's^T SS^?i!l^c--«--sJ sS'|;E^™i;„ri^A^r— p/lt,'n^e'rTftr"mt.'- ^k^^i^'^^' ¥-- N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev ,v 544^ '^■' '""'• ^ ' IML . Hyde, Henry, Second Earl of Clarendon. See Cla- rendon, Henrv HvilE. Hyde, Henry, Lord Hyde and Cornbury. See CLAnESDON. He.NRV HVDE. Hyde, Thomas, D.D., 1636-1703, a native of Shrop- cX' o".^ iT^'' °"''"f /''il'-' ^^'"''•' '''^^ ; of Queen'^s L_oil., y.\f, ]6o8 ; succeeded Henry Stubbe as PHncinnl Keeper of the Bodleian Library ; Pr^eb: of s'li^lur; 66'6 Archdeacon 01 Gloucester, 1678; succeeded Dr. Edward Pocock as Landian Professor of Arabic at 0.vfo;d 169 Reg.us Prolcssor of Hebrew, .and Canon of Chrisr6hurch; 169 . He was a man of vast erudition, especially in the Kastern tongues, and pub. a number of leaned work "and projected many more. Among the best-known of his nub EibiMh "« (|;). Catalogus Impressorum Lib orum in B.bl.othecaBodleiana, Oxon., 1674,fol. New ed eWeflv l'"4r3vof\^,''°"'l^"'"' ''''' 2 vols, for New ed! 1843, 3 vols, fol ; vol. ,v., 1850. 2. Quatuor Evan^elica et Acta Apostolorum, Lingua Malaica, Characteri°ti us Europa.,s, 0.xf., 1677, 4to. 3. De Ludis brient."lin,n, Heb 1^0 "Hd 1 '^r'i? '"Tr, ^''•^»°™" Historia T u , .^ri ' ' • I^«s'«" ;; W;i. n in H, ' 'J-^''"' r-eudered great service to Brian riytii, n 111, t?ce Hyatt AvJl *^ ' '^'J"'';"' ^^■^■' ''■ '" ^o^- 1559, a nati™ of Wales or ot Scotland, studied at Oxford, received hi, doc tor^s degree on the Continent, and wrote'a Conamentary on Hyll, or Hylle, Thomas. See Hill. Hylton, Walter. See Hilton. Hynd, John. See Hind Ki"- EdiX'^h"'"^."' ""p"^ "° "'"'-^'-^^ "f 'h''^''^' JvirK. i^dmhuigh Scrm., Prov. xiv. 34, Edin., 1761 Sv„ Hyneman, Leon, b. 1806, in Montgome y eo ' pi : .oKj^^-l--;.>:--;-a-l^ea.unt fyrste m Latyne by the right famous Clerke Leues Vu^ iaf .V'i!^ ":',' l^^l^--i"t° Englysshc, lL , 1540, '4i; rp I'l ' ^l"-,^^" ^thciuip. B. 1, entitled " What Bokes be redde and what nat," gives an account of ungracious bookes! Lelef "e's ^Anl7af1^Xt"^''''°'\ ^"'l' ''"""'•^' P™"»- setzt, 1831 ^""""^ Jackson, aus dem Englischeu ueber- Londor'B"o;an™ir'pfn^'"^.^V""-'«23, a native of 1809-17. """""'"-^ P'-'P"* '" Nie. Jour, and Phil. Mag., Ibbetson, James, D.D.,17ir_i78i P,.„i, ,fT- 1 Theolog treatises and 'serms!, 1746-83 ' " "^ ^""='''"- Legal''D?i:r"Lfon"'l-:io'li'-'""' ^"° "' "'^ P-»ding. cie;;^t'^n;!;?!^"Si^i^i;fr is-r'r "° ^-'- or::!s,---:j-^^^^:%ietures,ue lobetson, Iiichni E» "'iiiaia, Li.u. ,serms., ]71'>_92 min^tt"*',:?4*:%'''"se":.s''-.!:"t!.f'^^?V'^''-'^^-^ Svo, 1727. ■> X\-Y I "'« Boyle Lects., 1714-15, six more, ani a L^ me^o^^^f ' ' \f ' 8™- With Trans, of a Treati™ ,,V P «■ , '/• '''"'■ "'^ "l'^" P"h- a preacher."— Dei. Flexman '"^'""r, and a judiciou.s and useful Lon^?5'5P!":,^- ^^'"'^- "^ ■^"•^^ ^-^P'-'- Gelli's Circes, I. Ilitf, Mrs. Kdward Henry, wife of the rrecedin? Poems on variuus subjects, ISOS, Svo Preceding. Hive, Jacob. The Book of Jasher, 175] 4to Re will be iuund m Horne's Bibl. Bib. Hue who wa? -^n Nict s^s^Lif a"'' "-"'t?' P'"'- ^'™« "'»>" workl's:: iijenueu, J. Ganger, Lon., 1771 .^p^sr;^-^-!|-,--^Aeeo„ntofthe J nigworlh, James, D.D. Senn.s., 1781-95 Ve';"char'les "'-T ''""'^" f ^--'-'"■■•g ^t 1800. IUI„,^' J-,"»ft's. Taxing Attornics, 1804, 8vo .2m':.'*^l?„?hlrcl?mLed"°'-^" '""^ Si>ore, Bost.:-1856, IsJ^^|:;!:^^^^:;,J:::r::^:;-erestconsidered, Imber, Matt. Cu.stoms of Merdon, 1707 H. u'.?,','' * !"• "-[T' °f ^-'^'™' Lon- S15, Svo. ed V J W; ", V ^'■^l"""'^ ">'■ ^'-^ "-d Science; new in lay Cant'' r"WT'.^ '"''■ '™- 0"=^' '^"t^ xuuay, capt. G., of the American army. 1. Topog. IMP Dcscrip. of the Western Territory of N. America, Lon., 17ii2, '93. '97. 8vo. The 3d ed. embodies the worlis of Filson. Hutchins. and other matter. The student of the early history of the Western country should possess this work. 2. "The Emigrants: a Nov., 1793, 3 vols. 12mo. Commended bv the Lou. Month. Rev. Impcy, F.ii.jah B. Poems, Lon., 1811-13. Impey, John. 1. Instructor Clericalis: C. Pleas; 7th ed., Lon., 1S26, r. 8vo. 2. Instructor Clericalis: King's Bench ; 10th ed., 1823, 8vo. 3. Office of .Sheriff. &c. ; new ed., liy 11. Jeremy, 1831, 8vo. 4. Modern Pleader; new ed., 1814, r. 8vo. See 1 Lee's Diet., Pref., v. Impcy, Walter J. 1. Proceed, in K. B. and C. P., Lon., 18211, 8vo. 2. Bankrupt Act, 1825, 12mo. 3. Ques. on Prae. K. B. and C. P., 1825, Svo. 4. General Stamp Act ; 4th ed., 1839, 12mo. Imray, Keith, M.D. Cyclopedia of Popular Medi- cine, Lon., 1842, Svo; 1843, 8vo. ••An excellent manual of the pr.ictice of medicine, translated into the vernacul.ar." — rmvincial Mud. and Surg. Jour. Imrie, Major. Geological papers in Trans. Soc, Edin., 1796, 1S12; and in Nic. Jour., 1796. Ince, Henry. 1. Outlines of English History, 18mo. 72,0U0 sold to 1854. New ed., 1855, ISmo. 2. Outlines of French History; 7th ed., 1854, 18mo. 3. Outlines of General Knowledge, ISmo. 11,1100 sold to 1854. Ince, Iln^h. Trans, of Kimedoncius's work On the Kedcmption of Mankind, Lon., 1598, 4to. Ince, Richard, d. 1758, contributed several pieces to the Spectator. Inchbald, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1756-1821, a celebrated actress, dramatist, and novelist, a native of Stanningfield, Suffolk, where her father, Mr. Simpson, was a farmer, came to London at the age of sixteen to seek an engagement on the stage, and married Mr. Inchbald, an actor of some reputation. The beautiful Mrs. Inobbnld seems to have trod the boards with unbounded applause from her first appearance on the stage until her retirement in 1789. From this period she supported herself by her literary labours, which had commenced as early as 1781, although her Comedy then written — I'll Tell You What — was not performed until 1785. The first piece of her composition which was played was the Farce of A Mogul Tale ; or, The Descent of the Balloon, which came out in 1784 at the Haymarket Theatre. The following is a list of her dramas: 1. A Mogul Tale; Farce, 1784. Not printed. 2. Appearance is against them; Farce, 1785, Svo. 3. I'll Tell You What ; Cum., 1786, Svo. 4. Widow's Vow ; Farce, 17S6. Svo. 5. All on a Summer's Day; Com., 1787. Not printed. 6. Animal Magnetism ; Farce, 1788. Notprinted. 7. The Child of Nature ; Dram. Piece, 1788, Svo. 8. Mid- night Hour ; Com., 17S8, Svo. 9. Such Things Are; Play, 1788, Svo. II). Married Man; Com., 1789, 8vo. 11. The Hue and Cry; Farce, 1791. Notprinted. 12. Next-Door Neighbours; Com., 1791, Svo. 13. Young Men and Old Women; Farce. Not printed. 14. Every one has his faults; Com., 1793, Svo. 15. The Wedding Day; Com., 17U4, Svo. 10. Wives as they were, and Maids as they are ; Com.. 1 797, Svo. 17. Lovers' Vows ; Play, 1798, Svo. IS. AVise Man of the East; Play, 1799, Svo. 19. To Marry or not to Marry ; Com., 1805, Svo. Mrs. Inchbald also edited a Collection of Plays, (The British Theatre,) with Biographical and Critical PiCmarks, 25 vols., 1806-09; a Collection of Farces and other After-pieces, in 7 vols. 12mo, 1809; and the Modern Theatre, 10 vols. 12mo, 1S09. But it is by her novels — A Simple Story, 1791. 4 vols. 12mo, and Nature and Art, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo — that this excel- lent womau is best known to the reading-world at large. A notice of each of these works from eminent critics is all for which we can find space : " I Lave just been reading for the third. I believe for the fourth, time. The t^imple Story. Its effect upon my feelint^s was as power- ful as at the first reading: I never readniiv novel — I except none, — I never read any novel that affected me so strongly, or that so completely possessed nie with the belief in the real existence of all the persons it represents. I never once recollected the author whilst I was reading it; never said or thought, that's a fine senti- vteitl, — or, that is wfU expressed. — or, Oiat is njcll invented ; I believed all to be real, and was affected as I should be by the real scenes, if they had passed before my eyes: it is truly and deeply pathetic." — Mari.v Edoeworth. "If Mrs. KadclifTe touched the trembling chords of the imagina- tion, making wild music there, Mrs. Incbljald has no less power over the spring of the heart. She not only moves the affections, but melts us into * all the luxury of woe.' Her Nature and Art is one of the most interesting and pathetic stories in the world. It is indeed too much so; the distress is too naked, and the situa- tions hardly to be borne with patience." — Hazlitt: On the Eng- lish Novelists. Mrs. Inchbald had prepared four vols, of autobiogra- ING phical reminiscences, for which she was offered £1000 by Sir Richard Phillips, the publisher; but, .acting by the advice of her spiritual guide. Dr. Poynter, she destroyed the MS. In 1S33, however, Mr. Boaden pub. Metn(dr3 of Mrs. Inchbald, compiled from an autograph journal which she had kept for above half a century. Of these Memoirs a review, accompanied by copious extracts, will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1833, Pt. 2, 240-243, 332- 336. A biographical notice of Mrs. Inchbald, pub. at the time of her death, will be found in the same periodical, 1821, Pt. 2, 184-185, 648. See :tlso Jlrs. Elwood's Lite- rary Ladies of England: Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Y'ears ; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxxi. 476; Eraser's Mag., viii. 5S6; N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 445. bv F. A. Durivage. Inchbald, P. Serm., Lon., 1805. Svo. Inchequin, Lord. Mtinifcstation to the H. of Lords cone, the Irish Rebels, Lon., 1644, 4to. Incledon, Bcnj. Account of the Hospital of St. Margaret; Archa^ol., 1796. Iiiett, John, D.D., Precentor and Canon- Residentiary of Lincoln. 1. Origines Anglicana; ; or, A Hist, of the English Church from the Conversion of the Eng. .Saxons till the death of King John: vol. i., Lon., 1704, fol. : ii. Oxf., 1710, fol. New ed., by the Rev. John Griffiths, late Fellow and Tutor of Wadham College, Lon., 1855, 3 vols. Svo. This work is a continuation of Bishop Stil- lingflcet's Origines Britannica:. Extracts will be found in Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog. 2. A Guide to the Devout Christian : 11th cd., 1723, 12mo. Ingeland, Thomas. A Pretie and Mery now Enterlnde, called the Disobedient Child, Lon., ». a., 4to. Ingelden. Love and Marri:tge, Lon., 1765, 4to. Ingelo, Nathaniel, D.D., d. 1683, pub. three Serms., 1659-77, and wrote a religious romance entitled Bentivolio and Urania, Lon., 1669, fol.; 1673, fol. See Harwood's Alumni Etonenses. Ingersoll, C M. English (irammar, Phila. Ingersoll, Charles Jared, a member of the Phila- delphia Bar, b. Oct. 3, 17S2, at Philadelphia, is a son of Jared Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, and a grandson of Jared Ingersoll, of Connecticut, Stamp Commissioner. The sub- ject of our notice was elected a member of the National House of Representatives in 1812, and has, until within the last seven or eight years, been actively engaged in puljlic life in various capacities. His principal literary productions are the following: About 1800, a poem, called Chiomara, published in the Port-Folio, edited by Joseph Dennie. 1801. A tragedy, in five acts, called Edwy and Elgiva, performed at the thea- tre. Chestnut Street. 1SU8. A pamphlet on the interna- tional disputes, called the Rights and Wrongs, Power and Policy, of the United States of America. 1810. A volume entitled Inchiquin the Jesuit's Letters on American litera- ture and politics. Reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., x. 494- 539. See also Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 50. The review in the London Quarterly was answered by James K. Pauld- ing, in his United States and England, pub. in 1814. 1811-15. Numerous contributions, anonymous, to the De- mocratic Press, Phila,, and National Intelligencer, Wash- ington, on the controversies with England which produced the war decl.ared in 1812. 1813-15. Several Speeches, published in pamphlets, as member of Congress, concerning that war. 1823. Discourse before the American Philoso- phical Society on the influence of America on the mind. Republished in England and France. 1827. The Address of the Assembly of friends of domestic manufactures at Harrisburg; and (1829) most of the address of the Na- tional Assembly on that subject at New Y''ork. Transla- tion of a French Work on the freedom of navigation and commerce of neutral nations in time of war, vindicating the law of nations that free ships make free goods : pub- lished in the American Law Journal. 1830. Review of Bourrienne's Memoirs, in American Quarterly Review. 1831. A dramatic tragic poem, in five acts, called Julian. 1838. Article on the Supreme Court of the United .States, its judges and jurisdiction, in the United States Magazine and Democratic Review. 1835. A pamphlet entitled View of River-Rights. 1837. In the Convention to reform the Con- stitution of Pennsylvania, Reports on Currency. Speeches, published in pamphlets, on the Judiciary and Legislative power over bank-charters. 1841-42, '44-48. Reports and Speeches in Congress, published in pamphlets, on Tariff, Bank, Mexico, Texas, and Oregon. Many Discourses and Orations, published in pamphlets, on various subjects, lite- rary and political. 1845-52. History of the War of 1S12-16, between Great Britain and the United States : in four vo- 931 ING ING lumes. Vols. i. and ii. were reviewed in the Lon. Athenaeum, 1863. 103-104. ' The quotations that we have made suggest a concluding re- maik as to Mr. Ingersoll's style. It is a rough, energetic style, not deficieut in happy and vivid expressions: but we have rarely met with American writing more contemptuous not only of Eng- lish rules, but of the reader's respiratory conveniences. . . . The book is hard to read because of the uncouthness of its forms." ^Ubi sjipra. Whatever may be the peculiarities of Mr. Ingersoll's gtyle, the jjublic are certainly indebted to hira fur much valuable information, collected from original sources, and first made known to the world through the medium of these volumes. For further information concerning Mr. Tngersoll and his literary labours, see Duyckincky' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; N. Amer. Kev., xviii. 157-178, (by Jared Sparks;) Ibid., xxii. 212-215; Democrat. Kev., (with portrait,) Ti. 339 ; Ibid., xvi. 221. Jlr. IngersoU is now (1856) engaged upon a History of the Territdrinl .\etiuisitionB of the United .States. Inger$>oll, Edward. 1. Abridgt. of the Acts of Congress now in Force, Phila.. 1825, 8vo. 2. Digest of Laws of the U. States, 17S9-1S20, Phila., 1821, 8vo. Ingersoll, Edward. 1. Hist, and Law of the Writ of Habeas Corpus, with an Ess.ay on the Law of Grand Juries, Phila., 1849, 8vo. 2. Addison on Contracts; new ed., with Amer. Notes, 1857, r. 8vo, pp. 1200. See Addi- son, C. G. See also H.ile, Sir Matthew, No. 4. Ingersoll, Jared, 1722-1781. a native of Milford, Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1742, and was ap- pointed Stamp Commissioner in 1765. He was subse- quently made Admiralty Judge for the Middle District, and resided some time in Philadelphia, but returned to New Haven, where he died in August, 1781. He was present at the debate on the Stamp-Act, and on his return home pub. a pamphlet on the subject, (New Haven, 1766, 4to,) which is now very rare, and has even escaped the researches of Mr. Rich. Extracts from this pamphlet will be found in a review of Lord Mahou's Hist, of Eng- land, (by J. G. Palfrey.) N. Amer. Rev., Ixxv. 141-143. lugcrsoll, Joseph Keed, a member of the Phila- delphia Bar, grandson of the preceding, and brother of Charles Jared Ingersoll, {unte,) was for many years an influeDtial member of the National House of Representa- tives. For the last few years he has retired from public life. In addition to a number of printed speeches and addresses, political, literary, and philanthropic, Mr. In- gersoll is favourably known as an author by his transla- tion into English of Roccns's tracts De Navibus et Naulo, and De Assecuratione, Phila., 1809, 8vo. "An excellent translation.'" — Judge Sioitt : Marit Law, 7 N. Aiiur. Hev., 337. Sept. ISIS, and in Miscell. Works, IS52, 109. See notices of this accomplished scholar and excellent man in Amer. Whig Rev., viii. 101, with portrait; South Lit. Mes.s., iv. 165. Ingham, Samuel. Med. treatises, Lon., 1762. Ingleby, C. M. The Stereoscope, Lon., 185.3, Svo. Ingleby, John. Two med. treatises, both Svo. Iiiglelield, Capt. Loss of the Centaur, 1783, Svo. Ingletield, Ann. Ilcr Justification, 1787, 8vo. Inglelield, E. A. A Summer-Search for Sir John Franklin, Lon., 1853, p. Svo. Inglis, Charles, D.D., d. 1816, aged 82, Rector of Trinity Church, New York, 1777-83, was subsequently Bishop of Nova Scotia. Religion and Loyalty; a serm Lon., 1793, Svo. Inglis, Henry David, a Baptist divine of Edin- burgh. 1. Two Letters on Grace, 1791, Svo. 2. Serm., 1792, Svo. Inglis, Henry David, 1795-1836, a native of Edin- burgh, the son of a barrister, travelled extensively over Europe, and gave the results of his observations to the public. 1. Tales of Ardennes; last ed., 1841, r. Svo. Pub. under the name of H. Derwent Conway, (q. r.) 2. Solitary Walks through many Lands; 3d ed., 1843, r. Svo. '•It contains more information of a variety of countries than any other book of travels of the same size that we know of." — Lon. Month. Mag. 3. Journey through Norw.^y, Sweden, and Denmark, 1829 ; 4th ed., 1837, p. Svo. "A most delightful volume."— ion. Lit. Gazelle. 4. Tour through Switzerland, the South of France, and the Pyrenees, 1830, '35, 2 vols. ISmo. 6. Spain in 1830, 2 vols. Svo, 1831. " A work from which I have derived more information than fi-om all the state documents I ever perused.'' — Speech of Lord Aberdeen. 932 • . 6. The New Gil Bias; or, Pedro of Penaflor, 3 vols. p. Svo ; again in 2 vols. p. Svo. *• Tho.se «bo want a few hours' plea.sant reading are not likely to meet with a book more to their taste." — Lon. Athenceum. 7. A Journey throughout Ireland in 1834, 1834, 2 vols, p. Svo; 5th ed., 1S3S, p. Svo. '•The most striking and the most valuable characteristic of this work is its strict honesty." — Lon. AtheneEuni, 833-835, 852- 853. So thought the members of P.arliament; for it was fre- quently quoted as authority during the debates on Ireland in the session of 1835. 8. The Tyrol, with a Glance at Bavaria, 1834, p. Svo; 2d ed. pub. within a month. 9. The Channel-Islands; Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Ac, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo; again, 1 vol. p. Svo. •• We know of few travellers with whom it is pleasanter to journey in company than Mr. Inglis."— ion. Athenteum, 18.i4, •254-255. ' ' 10. Rambles in the Footsteps of Don Quixote, 1S37, p. Svo. Tills was originally pub. in parts in the London New Monthly Alagazine. An interesting biography of this excellent writer will be found in Chambers ' and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1855, V. 31.8-320. Inglis, or English, Sir James, d. 1554, is the supposed author of The Coinplaynt of Scotland, a politi- cal work, pub. originally at St. Andrews in 1548 or '49, and repub. by Dr. Leyden. It is called the earliest Scot- tish prose-work in existence. See Leyden's ed. of Com- playnt of Scot. ; Mackenzie's Writers of the Scots Na- tion ; Irving's Scot. Poets; Lives of Eminent Scotsmen. Inglis, James, D.D., of Baltimore, d. 1820. A vol. of his poems was pub. after his decease. Inglis, John, D.D., d. 1834, aged 71, one of the ministers of the (jreyfriars Church, Edinburgh, pub. two pamphlets in 1806, on one of Dugald Stewart's ; and more recently gave to the world a Defence of Ecclesiasti- cal Establishments, and a Vindication of the Christian Faith, Edin., 1830, Svo. "Inglis's admirable View of the Evidences of Christianity." — Christopher Noeth : Nodes Ambrosiance. See also Blackw Ma" XXV. 109. " Inglis, Mrs. Richmond. Anna and Edgar; a Tale, Edin., 1781. Svo. Inglis, Sir Robert Harry, M.P., 1786-1855, edu- cated at Christ Church, Oxford, first elected to Parlia- ment in 1824, and from 1829 to '53 represented the University of Oxford in that dignified body. Four of his Speeches were printed, — three on R. Catholic questions, 1S25-2S, and one on Universities and Dissenters, 1834. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1855, Pt. 1, 640-641 ; Fraser's Mag. ; Blackw. Mag., xviii. 487; xxiv. 811; xxix. 659, 660, 729, 730. 735: xxxi. 773; xlvi. 307; Sir James Mackintosh's Works, Lon., 1854, iii. 640. Ingmclhorpc, Thomas. Two .serms., 1598. 1619. Ingoldsby, Thomas. See Bakhaji, Richard Hakhis. Ingpen, Abel. British Insects, 12mo. Ingpen, H m. Secrets of Numbers, Lon., 1642. 4to. Ingraham, Edward D., a member of the Phila- delphia Bar, d. 1S54. 1. A View of the Insolvent Laws of Pennsylvania; 2d ed., Phila., 1827, Svo. 2. Gow on Partnership, with Notes and App. to 1844, Svo, 1837—45. See Gow, Neil. 3. Vattel's Law of Nations: 7th Amer. ed., from a new cd. by J. Chitty, 1852, Svo. See Chitty, Jos. 4. English Ecclesiastical Reports; from 1S09 to 1835, 7 vols. This work is serial. Mr. Ingraham was noted for his love of rare and curious books .and prints; and the catalogue of his library, sold in Philadelphia, February, 1855, is well worthy of the attention of the veritable bibliomaniac. A notice of Mr. Ingraham, with a portrait, wQl be found in the Democratic Review. XXV. 77. Ingraham, Rev. J. H., now a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, before his ordination pub. a number of romances, among which are The Southwest, Burton, Lafitte, Will Terrill, and Rivingstone. Since he entered the ministry, he has published The Prince of the House of David;" or. Three Years in the Holy City, N. York, 1865, 12mo. See South. Lit. Mess., ii. 693; iv. 561. Ingram, Alexander, a teacher of Mathematics at Leith, pub. works on mathematics, 1809-14, some of which still keep their place in schools, — viz.: 1. Arithme- tic: 24th cd., L.ni., 1844, ISmo. 2. Algebra, 1844, 12mo. 3. Geometry and Trigonometry, 1850, 12mo. 4. Mathe- ING matics. by Trotter; 7th eel., 1S45, i2mo. 5. McDsuratioti, ' by Trotter. 18.)1. 12mo, [ "Ingram, Dale, d. 1793, pub. a number of medical work?, Lon., 174;i-77. Ingram, Edward James. Vindicige Lusitanse: rel. tn Emi.L^ratiun to the Brazils, Lon., 180S, Svo, Ingram, Henry. A Poem, Lon., 1815, 8to. Ingram, James, D.D., 1774-1850, President of Triu. Cull. Oxford, and Rector of Garsington, is favour- ably kndwn as an author by his Memorials of Oxford, published in Pts., bound in 3 vols., 1S34-35-37; new ed., 1S47, 2 vuls. Svo; and by his Trans, of the Saxun Chro- nicle, 1823, 4to. He was the author of several other publications, for an account of which, see Lon. Gent. Mag., 1S5H. Ft. 2. 553-555. Ingram, Robert, 1727-1804, a native of Yorkshire, Vicar of Boxtcd. A'c. 1. Isaiah's Vision. Lon.. 17S4, Svo. 2. The Seventh Plague, 1787, Svo. 3. Tlie Ten Tribes of Israel in America. 1702, Svo. See Rich's Bibb Amer. Nova, i. 370. 4. The Seven Vials. 1804. Ingram, Robert Acklom, Rector of Seagrave. d. 1809, aged 47, pub. several sernis., and an essay, 1788- ISOO, tour works on political economy. 1797, 1800, '08, and a work on Methodism, which was reviewed by the Rev. Sydney Smith in Edin. Rev., 1808, and in his Works.*1854, i. 188-216. Ingram, Rowland. 1. Reflec. on Duelling, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 2. Scrm.. ISiU. Ingram, Mm. Puems, Aberd., 1S12, Svo. Ings, E. Arrest on Mesne Process, Ac, Lon., 1840, 12mo. Ingnlphns, a monastic historian, b. in London, about 1031), d. IIDU, has long enjoyed the reputation of the authorship of a work on the life and miracles of St. Gutblac, and a History of the Monastery of Croyland, 626-1089. The latter, which embodies many particulars relating to EngUi^h histury, was pub. by Sir Henry Savile, in the Rerum Anglicarum Scriptures post Bedam prtecipui, Lon., 159(J, fob ; Franc, 1601, fol. ; and entire, with Peter of Blois's continuation, (11)90-1117,) in the Rerum Angli- carum Scriptorum veterum, Oxun., 1684, fob, torn. i. A new ed.. edited by Mr. H. T. Riley, has been recently pub., 1854, p. Svo, in Bohn's Antiq. Lib., vol. xsix. But, unfortunately for the fame of Ingulphus, it has been proved (by Sir Francis Palgrave first, in the Lon. Quar. Rev., and by Thomas AVright, in Biog. Brit. Lit.) that this history is a forgery. See these authorities, and Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. Lon., 1854, i. 16, and 27, n. In the history it is stated that its reputed author, Ingulphus, also wrote a life of St. Guthlac ; but no such book is known to exist, nor is it mentioned by any other authority. Inkersley, Thomas. On the Styk-s of Roman and Pointed Architecture in France, Lon.. 1850. Svo. " Kxecuttid with f^ie;tt diligence aud scholarly candour." — Lon. SjKctotor. luman, James. Algebra. 1810, Svo. lunes, Alexander, D.D. Scrms., 1717-28. Innes, George. Militarie Rudiment, Aberd., 1644, 4to. Innes, George. XIV. Discourses, Lon., 17S3, 12mo. " His discourses are i)I:iin, soVier. and rational." — Lon. Crit. Kex', Innes, Hugh. Divine Meditations. Glasg., 1756. Svo. Innes, James. Idea Juris Scotici; or, A Sum- mary View of the Laws of Scotland, Lon., 1773, 4to. Innes, James D. Med. treatise. Lou., 17S4. Svo. Innes, John, M.D. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731. Innes, John. Annuities, Bdin., 1741, 4to. Innes, John, d. 1776, dissector in the Univ. of Edin. 1. Human Muscles, Edin., 1776, 12mo. By A. Muuro, M.D., 1778, 12mo. Other eds. 2. Auat. Tables of the Human Body, 1776, 4to. Innes, Louis, a R. Catholic priest, b. about 1650, Principal of the Scotch College at Paris, and Parisian secretary to James II., is said to have written the Memoirs of James II., an abstract from which was used by James St.\nier Clarke (q. v.) in the work pub. by him, entitled The Life of James II., Ac. The original memoir, in 4 vols, fob, MS., was destroyed, but a compendium was pre- viously prepared, aud it is to this we have reference in the above remark. But see next article. Innes, Thomas, 1662-1744, a Roman Catholic priest, brother of the preceding, and his successor in the office of Principal of the Scotch College at Paris, was the author of A Critical Essay on the' Ancient Inhabitants of the Northern Parts of Britain, in which he attacks with much success the assertions of Forduu's Chronicle, and other histories, respecting the antiquities ui Scotland. He is also supposed by some to have been the author of the IRE Memoir of James II. noticed in- preceding article. A biographical account of Innes will be found in Chambera and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1853, iii. 183-187. Innes's Critiral Essay was answered by Andrew Waddell, Edin.. 1733, 4to, and by Alex. Taitt, 1741, 12mo. Both of these answers will be found in vol. i. of Scotia Rediviva, 1826, Svo. Innes's Critical Essay is a work of great value to the student of Scotch history : "Father Innes. of the Sorbonne, explored the antiquities of his native country with a more rational (spirit of criticism than any of his predecessors. His Critical Kssay is a work of real learning and importance." — Irvine. "Invaluable. His industry, coolness, judgment, and general accuracy recommend him as the best antiquary that Scotland has yet produced. Ilis long account of the Scottish historians is exact, curiou.s, and interesting."— A'n/a'?7f>?i's Sc^'tlatut. Innes, Wm. Bundle of Myrrhej or, Three Medita- tions of Tears, Lon., 1620, Svo. Innes, Wni., an Independent minister of Edinburgh. 1. Sketches of Human Nature. Edin.. 1807, 12moj 2d ed., 1818. 2. The Christian Ministry, 1824, Svo. "This is extracted from various Evangelical authors." — Bicker- sidirs C. K Other thcolog. works. Inskip, John S., b. 1816, at Bedfordshire, England, emigrated to the U. States in early life. 1. Remarkable Display of the Mercy of God in the Conversion of a Family from Infidelity. 2. Life of Rev. Wm. Summers, a Blind Man, Bait. 3. Methodism Explained and Defended, Cincin. InAVOod, Henry William, son of the succeeding. 1. Studies of the Architect, from Nature. 4to. 2. Ereetheion at Athens, 1827, imp. fob; coutaining Fragments of Athenian Architecture. Remains in Attica, Megara, and Epirus, comprising also, under the divisions of Cadmeia, Ilomeros. Uerodotos, the Origin of Temples and of Grecian Art of the periods preceding. Inwood, William. Tables for the Purchasing of Estates, Ac Lon.. isil. 8vo ; 14th ed., 1853. 12mo. Irby, lion. Charles Leonard, and James Man- gles, Commander in the Royal Navy. Travels in Egypt, Nubia, Syria, and the Holy Land, .fee, Lon., 1823, Svo. Privately printed. Pub. 1844, p. Svo; 1S47, p. Svo. *' Alnio.ct from the first a sealed book, and never very generally known, those who were admitted to its pages prized it highly/' — Ln he indulges in the self-gratulatory exclamation, "Huzza! Huzza! Huzza!" In addition to the Shakspeare forgeries. Ireland wrote a number of no- vels, plays, poem?, Ac., 1799-1S14, a list of which will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Samuel was really hl^Jirat name. Iremouger, Rev. Frederic, pub.aserm., 1816, and some educational works. A new ed. of his Questions for the Element. Books in the National Schools was pub., Lon., 1840, 12mo. Ireton,John. Microcosmus: Anatomy of the Bodies of Man and Woman, Lon., 1670, fol. ; from the original of Spaher. Irish, David. 1. Leyamen Infirmi, Lon., 1700, 8vo. 2. Animadversio Astrologica, 1701, Svo. Irons, Joseph, minister of Grove Church, Camber- well. 1. Jazer : Assistance to the Weak in Faith; 16th ed., Lon., 1S32, ISmo. 2. Grove Chapel Pulpit, vols, i.-iv., 1851-52, &c. Other works. Irons, William Jonah, b. at Hoddesden, Herts, 1812, Vicar of Brompton, 1S42, has pub. a number of germs, and theolog. treatises, 1836-52. See Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 613-615. Ironside, Lt.-Col. Sun-Plant; Phil. Trans., 1774. Ironside, lOdward, of Twickenham, d. 1803. Hist, and Antiq. of Twickenham, Lon., 1797, 4to. This work forms No. 6 of Miscellaneous Antiquities, in continuation of the Bibliotbeca Tnpographia Britannica. Ironside, F. Gilbert. The Sabbath, Oxf., 1637, 4to. Irvine, Alexander. De Jure Regni Biascepsis ad Regem Carolum, Lugd. Bat., 1627, 12mo. Irvine, Rev. Alexander. Cause and Effects of Emigration from the Highlands, &c., 1S02, Svo. Noticed by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., i. 61-63. Irvine, Alexander. London Flora, Lon., 1838, 12mo ; 1S46, 12mo. Irvine, Alexander Forbes. Prac. Treat, on the Game Laws of Scotland, Edin., 1850, Svo. '•The latest, fullest, and most complete collection of the Forest Laws, and the rules of same in bird and lieast." — I'crih Courier. Irvine, Andrew. Serms., 1S30, Svo. *' Good specimens of sound reasoning, pure theology, and prac- tical applii-'ation." — Lon. Chris. Hemeiuh. Irvine, Christopher. 1. Bellum Grammaticale, Edin., 1650, 'dS, Svo, 169S. 2. Mediciua Magnetica; or, the Art of Curing by Sympathy, Lon., 1056, Svo. 3. In- dex Locorum Scotorum, Edin., 1664, Svo. *' An useful piece, and well deserves a new impression." — Bj). XficulsV'm., M.B. 1. Essays on Chemical Subjects, edited by his son, Wm. Irvine, M.D., Lon., 1805, Svo. 2. Theories of Heatj Nic. Jour., 1803. And see 1S05. Irvine, Wm., M.D., son of the preceding. 1. On Diseases, 1802, 8vo. 2. Letters on Sicily, 1813, r. Svo. 3. Latent Heat; Nic. Jour., 1S04. Irvine, Patrick. 1. Considerations on the Inexpe- diency of the Law of Entail in Scotland; 2d ed., Edin., 1826, Svo. *' A very short and a very sensible book on a subject of the utmost iujportauce to Scotland." — Edin. Rev., No. 36. "An aMy-wiitten and philosophical tiact in opposition to the practice of entail." — McCulloch's Lit. of JfoUt. Ecnn. 2. Considerations on the Inexpediency of the Law of Marriage in Scotland, 1828, Svo. "Much valuable matter, collected from many authentic sources." — Law Chronicle. Irving, A. The Theory and Practice of Caste, Lon., 1853, p. Svo. Irving, B. A. Egypt and the Bible, Camb., 1S53, p. Svo. Irving, C. Educational works, Lon., 1841, »tc. Irving, David, LL.D., a distinguished biographical and legal writer. 1. Lives of Scottish Authors, viz.: Fer- gusson. Falconer, and Russell, Edin., ISUl, 12mo. 2. Ele- ments of English Composition, Lon., ISOl, 12mo ; lUh ed., 1841, 12mo. 3. Lives of the Scottish Poets, Edin., 1804,2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., improved, Lon., 1S10,2 vols. Svo. '■ Great research and critical ingenuity." — Park. 4. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of George Bu- chanan, Edin., 1S07, Svo; 2d ed., corrected and enlarged, with an Appendix, 1817, Svo. 5. Memorial of Anne Mar- garet Anderson, 1815, Svo. Privately printed. 6. Obser- vations on the Study of the Civil Law, 1815, Svo; 4th ed., 1S37, Svo. " Gives complete and interesting det.nils. -within a moderate com- pass, (pp. 2S2. Svo.) of the existing state of the study and practice of the L'ivil Law. both at home and abroad, and of all the great continental writers upon the subject." — Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1845, 864. See also 2 Hoff. Leg. Stu., 557; 1 Jurist, 661 ; 14 Leg. Obs., 334; 2 Law Mag., 481. To Dr. Irving we are also indebted for the article on Civil Law, in the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit, vol. vi., 708-719. 7. Alex. Montgomery's Works in i the Scottish Dialect, with Life ami Illustrative Notes. 1821, Svo. 250 copies jtrinted. 8. A Catalogue of the Law Books in the Advocates' Library, 1S31, Svo. 0. Lives of the Scottish Writers, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1S50, 2 vuls. in 1, p. Svo. 10. The Table-Taik of John Selden, with Notes, 1854, cr. Svo. '■• Enriched by annotations of no inconsiderable value, evincing extensive and well-directed research." — Weslni. Jiev. Irving, Edward, 1792-1834, a native of Annan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, was educated at the University of Edinburgli ; Assistant minister to Dr. Chalmers, of St. John's Church, Glasgow, 1819-22: minister of the Scotch Church, Cross Street, Ilatton Garden, London, 1822; removed to the large church built for bis congrega- tion in Regent's Square, 1S29; accused of heresy by the Presbytery of London, 1830 ; ejected from his church. May 3, 1832. After his ejectment, his friends purchased fur him the picture-gallery of Benjamin West, in Newman Street, and there Mr. Irving attracted large crowds by his remarkable exhibitions of tbe *' gift of unknown tongues," produced directly, as he believed, by divine inspiration. He died of consumption at Glasgow, December 6, 1834, in the 42d year of his age. He was undoubtedly a sincere and excellent man ; but his judgment and prudence were not equal to his piety ani devotion, even before the unmis- takable evidences of insanity which eventually clouded his fine intellect. He pub. — For the Oracles of God, Four Orations; For Judgment to Come, an Argument in Nine Parts, 3d ed., Lou., 1824, Svo; Babylon and Infidelity foredoomed of God, 1826, 2 vols. 12mo, reprinted in 1 vol. Svo; Serms., Lects., and Occasional Discourses, Lon., 1S2S, 3 vols. Svo; Homilies on the Sacraments, vol. i,, 1S28, sm. Svo; The Last Days, 1828, Svo, 2d ed., with Life by H. Bonar, 1850, p. Svo; Expositions of tbe Book of Revela- tion, 1831, 4 vols. 12mo ; and a number of single serms., theolog. treatises, &c. One of his best productions is his Introduction to Bishop Home's Comment, on the Psalms, already noticed by us in the life of that excellent prelate. Mr. Irving's disciples are by no means extinct, in proof of which a project is now (1850) on foot to build Irvingite chapels in all the large towns of the United Kingdom; and it is reported that one gentleman in London has recently subscribed no less than £100,000 towards this scheme. For further information regarding this onoe-famous divine, sec Biog. Sketch of Edward Irving, (by W. Junes.) 2 vols. 8vo; Edward Irving, an Ecclesiastical and Literary Bio- IRV abroad with his nnele, Washington Irving; was from 1838 to '49 Professor of History and Belles-Lettres at Geneva College, and subsequently filled for three years the chair of Belles-Lettres in the Free Academy of New \ork. in December, 1864, he took holy orders m the Protestant Episcopal Church. In addition to many fugitive essays contributed to the periodicals of the day, Mr. Irving is the author of two valuable works, viz.: 1. The Comiuest of Florida, by Hernando de Soto, Phila., 1S35, 2 vols^ 2ino; Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Revised ed., unilorm with the collective ed. of Washington Irvings Works Nlork, l°mo Also pub. in vol. x. of H. G. Bohn's collective ed. of Washintrton Irving's Works, Lon., 1851, 10 vols. 8vo. °"?he boo? before usfs .a delightful one. ... In /heir .tyle too thi.=e Tolnme? .ire rdatid to the pure and grace ulwriliDB of the tnese ""'"""^ViS, nf Vf.Uimliu'i . . The history before us is hardly we be tempted to try the indiscretion of a rhynie."-i«.. Athen., "f ■ The Fountain of Living Waters ; illustrated by Facts, N York, 1854, 18mo; 4th ed., 1855, 18mo. ^^-Livire Waters is a sweet and tender appeal '"..bAf'/ °f spirHuar«U6ion7 addressed especially to the young.' -iTcrtcHJ. *lrvin=, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., ITSO. . Irving « ashiiigton, one of the most distinguished of m" e™ authors, was born April 3, 1783, in the city of New Y. rk, 'n a house in William Street, b»'"f ™. J''^ ".^i^ FuUon Str'eets.and not far from •'■at venerable pile he md TJutch Church. This mansion— so long an object ot in- fer st to cti.en and soJourner-h.ad until -i'l"^ , 1" l^^' few years resisted the progress of "improvement, which was gradually changing the face of the neighbourhood but iftoo at last yielded to its fate and >°Jf« >'^ ^ 'S was occupied by one of the stately ■•Washington Stores. The father of Washington Irving was a ■>»'"■«= °ff°'- land, his mother an Englishwoman, and perhaps it s not entirely a matter of imagination to fancy that the national afpieces in The Home Journal characteristics of both parents are to be d,scov„e^^^ £:re^brSa --s;p^^rc-|st^^:c?S'H^>r-^^ niv eraphy, (by Washington Wilks,) 1855, 12mo ; Chatabers fu?TboLs^,n's Biog. Diet of Eminent Scotsnaen 1855 vol v.; Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious Biog., lf-*../°^ Tral of the Rev. Edward Irving, with o Portraits by C uikshank, (a jeu-d-esprit ■\^'''^\-^^J'%r,\f'^i Galleries of Literary Portraits; ."''=^'iK' ^''P'"' PWles Ace ; Do Quincey's Lit. Reminis. ; Works of Char es Lamb; Lockharfs Life of Scott; IVIetropolitan Pulpi , Deatb'of the Rev. Edward Irving (b^ Thos. Carlyle ) in Eraser's Mag., .xi. 99 ; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 294, Jbt, vn, I"w. Lester's Criticisms ; Maginn's O'Doherty Papers; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1832, Pt. 2 lo4; PS^'J\\' fl'. Westm. Rev., i. 27; Blackw. M.ig., _:«v 145 192 346^, XV 191, 2:10, 601; xxiv. 897; Erasers Mag., in. 42u, JN. York Method. Quar. Rev., ix. 1U9 ; N. Y-,_,rk Eclec Ma| xiv 503; N.York Democratic Rev., XIV. 490; Bost. Chri^. Exam., ii. 468, (by A. Lamson ;) Bost Liy Age, xxix. 211, (by F. Saunders;) N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec, vi- 160, 199; X. 318; Niles's Reg., xliv. 228; Phila. Mus. of For. ^" He waf unquestionably, by many degrees, the E";!^'"' 7*°^ of our times Of him indeed, more than of any man whom lh.ive seen hrv:^hout my whole experience, it -ii=>;"'VJji;^<; ^!L"DE and emphJsis, that he -n as a lioanerges, a son of thunder. '^'il'lJ-hatte'Suish uncelebrated Irving -=- t^ey that have only seen the London celebrated (and distorted) one can neve, know Bodily and spiritually, perhaps there was "ft '° »»»' Novlmber, lg22) a man more full of genial energetic lile in all fliptjp Islands." — Carlyle; itin supra. . , " Mr' rving has shrunk from no opinion, however parodoxicab He has scrupled to avow no sentiment, however obnoxious. 1 e has revived exploded prejudices; he has scouted prevailing tiis^.- lons He has opposed the spirit of the age, and not consulted the i™^-( Si corps. . . He has held a play-book in one hand and a Bible in the^ther. and quoted Shakspeare and Melancthon in the same breath."— IIazutt: !iW supra. f ..1,1 "^" I could hardly keep my eyes off him while we ""« » *f' "„ He put me in mind of the devil disguised as an angel of bgbt so ill did that horrible obliquity of vision harmonize with the dark tranquil features of his tice. resembling that of our Sa"Our in Itahan pictures, with the hair carefully arranged m the same "T^n^^rS^ t Z™Inhabited-House Tax Act Lon., 1852, Svo. Irvine, Helen W., is the nnm de phone of a very voung ladv, a resident of Lynn, Massachusetts, who has ^ub I numler of poetical pieces in The Home Journal r* . - T _ _i _ m,™ ^tnnino nndHpfl Love QllU mendation. See T. B. Read's Female Poets of America; Caroline May's American Female Poets. Irving, John Treat, 1778-1838, Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the City and County New York from 1817 until his death, and a brother of lok and Jiraceuriuge rraii. -. The earliest of Mr. Irving's contributions to the Re- public of Letters-a number of letters on the drama, he Social customs of New York, Ac-were pub., m 1802 under the „o.„ de pl,n„e of Jonathan dsty c in The Morning Chronicle, a Democratic journal, edited by the author's'brother, Dr. Peter Irving These epistcs appeared jNew lorK iiuui i^'." "'•>-" •'*" ' t y. t^ tlif. niitlinr's brother, JJr.i'eter irvn3g. xuut^c ^^^.-.^-^--o ^rr Washington and Peter Irving, was a contrjbutor to the »"'\";,^^ "'^^^^^^ ^U^out the author's consent in the year Morning Chronicle, (started in New ^ork Oct 1 10. >" Pamr Mc^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^,^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ f Democratic journal, conducted by the last-named of his two brothers. He acquired some distinction by his poeti- cal attacks upon the tenets of his political opponents, and Lore by the 'exemplary discharge of the f ''/^ connec ed with his judicial station. See Daly's Hist, of Judic. Trib. "'l^-vilg''j^'h» Treat, a member of the New York Bar son of the preceding, and a nephew of \A ashmgton Irv ng is best known as an author by his Sketches m an ExTed t on to the Pawnee Tribes. Phila., 1833, 2 vols. S Lon.. 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; The Attorney, a Novel; and Harry Harson, or The Benevolent Bachelor; a Novel The last two works were originally pub. in the New York Knickerbocker Magazine, under the signature ot John Quod. Irving, L. H. Sketches of Gibraltar, Edin., 1853, °\rvins, Peter, 1771-1838, a brother of Washington Irving pub, at New York, in 1820, a novel entitled Gio- vanni Sbogarro ; a Venetian Tale, (from the French ) with Ilteratrons by Percival G . Mr. Irving was editor and proprietor oi' The Morning Chronicle, a Democratic pape. Started in New York, Oct. 1, 1802, and co-projector with his brother W.ashington of the humorous sketches which niS uroiuei M.io ?,.,, ,,,_ .„i„i,,„,„,l 111. I, .rv of New 18''"4 'AfieV^soliSe" aUention to the study of Coke and Blackstone, the state of Mr. Irving's hf'l'l'/'aa^ed him in 1804 to ^eck for that physical benefit which a change of scene and climate might naturally be expected to aftbrd. After an absence of two years in Italy, S"'*'^"- land France, and England, ic, he returned home m S; resumed his legal studies, and was admitted to the ba^- In Jannarv. 1807, appeared, to the great delight of the w^t» of the good city of Gotham,— always willing to enjoy a la igh,- Nol of a semi-monthly magazine, the joint pr.:,ductionrf WashinUon Irving, James K.Paulding. andWiliam Irving ; the alter cc?ntribuSng thepoetry, and hints and sketches for somcM 1 the essays. This was the since-famous Salmagundi, or ThTwhm Whams and Opinions of Launcelot LangstaC^ and mhcrs ^he amusing character of this periodica rendered it exceedinWy agreeable to the town, and its popularity pro- mtfed alon/afd profitable life; but for some reason or Xr it w "discontinued after the issue of the twentieth i»r Tn TiOg was pub. the famous History ot INew yZ bv Kedr ch Knick'irbocker. The first part of this 3^'w/s sttched in company with Dr Peter I".ng. wbo, on hi" departure for Europe, confided the whole \\ asl^- ■:,'u,lM whose^humorous genius it was^panded to its ^brother W shVngt'on of iie' humorous sket-ches which ; in^t-' L^r'Trough th s -s o^; ;rthe fir.t-fruits of t'e latter expanded into the celebrated History of New , ^^^X.^^ttZJXi^ls risking but little to affirm that m York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker. Dr Irving-so called h.^ 'n^^m j^.^^ ^^^ j,^^„ surpassed by any.lat" fr^m some attention paid to the study of medicine in early "^ ^^'^'^/^^"j.f,., ^^ ,hey have been-of its accomplished l^e-resided in Europe from 1809 to -36, and died in about efforts ^ne^e |1^ Washington Irving-who had neve, two years after his return to New York. Cnd sufficient attraction in his legal studies to induce Irving, or Irvine, Ralph. 1. Peruvian Baik, Edin., I fonna sum ,fession-was admitted as a partner S?^;7r.='.,^t.S;^3j££:^^".ii='.^^^^^^ IRV IRV of peace between England and the United States, occurred when Washington was in Europe, and this reverse of for- tune induced the already popular author to determine to follow literature as a profession. He had of late employed his pen but seldom : a series of naval biographies contri- buted to Moses Thomas's (of Philadelphia) Analcctic Magazine, (of which Irving was in 1813-14 the editor.) and a biographical sketch of Thomas Campbell, prefixed to a Philadelphia edit, of the works of the latter, are all of Irving's productions with which the world seems to have been favoured, from the date of the publication of The Knickerbocker, in 1809 to the time of the appearance of The Sketch-Uook, in 1819. The numbers of the lai^t-named work (cumpnsed in London) were transmitted to New York for publication, were read with avidity on both sides of the water, and several of the series were soon copied by Jer- dan in the London Literary Gazette, and by the editors of other periodicals. *" We aiv greiitly at a loss [remarks the formidable Blackwood in the number for ii'ebruary, 1^20 1 in romju-eheud for what reason Mr. Irvinf: has thought fit to put.lish hi'^ Sketch- Book in America earlier than in IJritain; but at all rvf rit.s ht is doiug himself great injustice by not haviufj; an edition printed here of every number, after it has appeared in New York. Nothing has been written tor a long time, fur which it would be more safe to promise great and eager acLvptance." — Vol. vi. 557, (by J. G. Lockhart.) This is the article referred to by Sir Walter Scott in the letter quoted by Irving in the Preface to his revised edit, of The Sketch-Book. This was encouragement indeed, — encouragement such as many a British aspirant for literary fame would have given the copy-right of his best work to have secured. In the same mouth in which the above eulogy appeared, Irving pub. in London, under the nom de p'nme of (jeoft'rey Crayon, GentQ, the first vol, of The Sketch-Book. It was printed by John Miller, but at the author's expense ; Mur- ray, the Great Mogul of the book-trade, having declined the enterprise. The failure of Miller within a few weeks after the publication threw Irving again on the town fur a jiublisher. and. through the friendly offices of Sir AV alter Scott, Murray was induced to act in the premises. lie gave the author £200, which he soon felt justified by the gale of the work in increasing to £400. The Sketch-Bouk was originally pub. in Februar}', LS20, in 1 vol., but in July of the same year it appeared in 2 vols., — a 2d edit, of the Isl, together with a new vol. The author had now attained an extended literary reputation, both at home and abroad ; and so far was be from having any difficulty in procuring a publisher, that when Brjicebridge Hall, or the Humourists, was ready for the press in 1822, Mr. Mur- ray was ready to ofler 1000 guineas for the copy-right without having seen the MS. He obtained the coveted prize at his offer, and subsequently gave the same author nearly twice as much (£2000) for the Ciironicle of the Conquest of Granadn, and quite three times as much (.3000 guineas) for the History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. But we anticipate. The dates of the publications of Irving's succeeding works, given to the world between the appearance of The Sketch-Book in London, in 1820. and his return to the United States in Way, 18;>2, were as follows: Bracebridge Hall, or the Humourists; a Medley, by GeottVey Crayon, Gent", Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo; N. York, 1822, 2 vols. Svo, Tales of a Traveller, by Geoffrey Crayon, Gent", Lon., 1S2J, 2 vols. Svo; N. York, 1824, 4 Pts. Sold to Murray (without his having seen the MS.) for 1500 guineas. The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 1828, 4 vols. 8vo ; N. York, 1828, 3 vols. 8vo. Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada, Lon., 1829, 2 vols. p. Svo; Phila., 1829, 2 vols. 12nio. Voyages of the Companions of Columbus, 1 vol., Lon., Paris, and Phila., 1831. The Alhambra, Lon., 1832, 2 vols. Svo; Phila., 1832, 2 vols. 12mo. In May, 1832, as above stated, Mr. Irving returned home, after an absence of seventeen years. During this long period he had been an extensive traveller. AVe left him at Loudon, superintending the publication of The Sketch-Bouk, in 1820. A portion of this year and of the following was spent in the city of Paris; the winter of 1822 was passed at Dresden, and that of 182j in the South of France. In the winter of 1825-26, at the earnest request of Mr. Alexander H. Everett, American minister to Spain, — to whom the idea was first suggested by 0. Rich, Esq., American Consul at Madrid,— Mr. Irving visited Madrid fur the purpose of translating into English the valuable compilation of Navarette, Colecciou do los 930 Viagcsy Descubrimientos, Ac. pub. at Madrid in 1825, (after Mr. Irving's arrival,) in 2 vols. 4to. Mr. Rich, indeed, had from the first set his heart — not upon a mere transla- tinu of this collection, but — upon a Lile of Columbus from the pen of AVashington Irving. This darling desire he was so happy as to see realized, and to him, therefore, ia the world indebted for the publication of this work. Mr, Irving was the guest of this eminent bibliographer, whose name has long been honoured by students in both hemispheres; and, says he, "In his extensive and curious library I found one of the best collections extant of Spanish colonial history, containing many documents for which I might elsewhere search in vain. This he put at my ah.solute command, with a frankness and unreserve Seldom to be met with among the possessors of such rare and valuable works; and his library has been my main resource throughout the whole of my labours." We shall have more to quote to Mr. Rich's credit when we reach his patronymic in the future pages of our Dic- tionary. In this year (1826) and the following, as also in the spring of 1829. Mr. Irving made profitable journeya in the South of Spain, the results of which were given to the world in 1829, in The Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada ; in 1832, in the picturesque pages of The Alham- bra; in 1835, in The Legends of the Conquest of Spain j and in 1849-50, in Mahomet and his Successors. Mr. Irving left Spain in July, 1829, and returned to London to discharge the duties connected with the Secre- taryship of Legation to the American Embassy, which had been conferred upon him during his absence. In 1830 Mr. Henry Hallam and himself were honoured by the gift of the two fifty-guinea gold medals ordered by George IV. to be presented to the two autliors who should be adjudged to have attained the greatest excellence in historical com- position. This high compliment to Mr. Irving was a well- deserved tribute to the merits of his History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. In the next year the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon Mr. Irving by tho University of Oxford. — a testimonial which that august body is not in the habit of bestowing upon slight founda- tions. After an absence protracted through seventeen ye-nrs, Mr. Irving at length sailed for home, and arrived in New York on the 2Ist day of May, 1832. To one who had conferred such imperishable renown upon the Ame- rican name — even had there been nothing in tlie man to elicit that enthusiastic affection with which Washington Irving is regarded by his countrymen — no common honours were accorded. A public dinner was immediately tendered to him in New York, and the friends of early days, to- gether with those who had grown into civic eminence and social consideration during his absence, united in paying homage to him who had conferred honour upon all. The citizens of other States also claimed their right to enter- tain their illustrious countryman, and nothing but that modesty which has always been a distinguishing trait of his characrer prevented a scries of ovations and a tri- umphal march through the American Republic from Bos- ton to St. Louis and Pliiladeli)hia to New Orleans. "We cannot refuse ourselves the pleasure,'' remarks one of the most eniineut of his countrymen, "of bearing our humble part in the cordial welcome with which the unanimous voice of the country is now greetinj; the distinguished pilgrim on his return from abroad. . . . The open and beaity welcome which his fellow- citizens have given him shows that he is best appreciated where he is best known. Ili.s reception at New York was the fairest triumph that has yet been accorded to literary desert in the New World."— Edward Everett : Kevuw of The Alhambra, in JV. Ainer. Jiev., XXXV. 265-282. Shortly after his return to the United States. Mr. Irving visited some of the most interesting portions of the Great West, and gratified the world with the fruits of his re- searches among the Indians, in the Tour on the Prairies, pub. in the Crayon Miscellany in 1835. Those more fond of studying the phenomena of life under another phase, found in the Recollections of Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey, and The Legends of the Conquest of Spain. — com- prising the second and third vols, of the Crayon Miscel- lany, — sufficient to charm the imngination and delight tho taste. To this collection succeeded Astoria ; or, Anecdotes of an Enterprise beyond the Rocky Mountains, pub. in 183(1, (in which the author was assisted by his nephew, Pierre M. Irving;) and the Adventures of Captain Bonne- ville, U.S.A., in the Rocky Mountains and the Far West, (linsed upon the MSS. of Ciipt. B. and other materials,) which was given to the world in 1837. In the years 1839 and '40, Mr. Irving contributed a number of papers to The Knickerbocker Magazine, a portion of which, with other fugitive articles, were collected in 1855, and pub. in a vol. under the title of WoIfert*s Roost. From 1842 to '46 Mr. Irving resided at Madrid as United States Minister to IRV mr Spain, and, returning home in tlio latter year, sought a quiet retreat for liis remaining years in Wolfert's Roost, — an earthly paradise which we shall not attempt to describe after the portraiture which the owner himself has given to the world. The " Stronghold of old Baltus Van Tassel on the Banks of the Hudson," so graphically sketched in the Legend of Sleepy Hollow, has now acquired a double ehare of renown and undying honours by the occupancy of its eloquent topographer. A well-drawn picture of Wolfert's Roost and its present lord (by Henry T. Tucker- man) will be found in The Homes of American Authors, N. Yoi-k, 1S53. Here, in his bachelor-home, — for Geoffrey Crayon has been content to eulogize the blessings of matri- mony whilst denying himself their indulgence, — in the company of his surviving brother and atfeetionate nieces, who are to him as daughters, the author of the Sketch- Book passes his tranquil days in calm .anticipation of that change wliich, we trust, for the sake of his many friends, is yet at a long dist.ance. His publications since his retirement have been the Biography and Poetical Remains of the late Margaret Miller Davidson, 1841; Oliver tioldsmith, a Biography, 1S49, (enlarged from a sketch prefixed to the Works of the latter pub. in Paris, Galignani, 1825, i vols., Baudry, 1837, 4 vols. 8vo;) Mahomet and his Successors, 2 vols., 1849-50 ; The Life of George Washington, vol. i., 1856, ii. and iii., 1S50. This work will probably comprise two or three more volumes. Mr. Irving h:is also within the last few years superintended the publication of a revised edit, of his works, — urged thereto by the persuasions of the eminent publisher, Mr. George P. Putnam, of New York. The new edit, was issued by Mr. Putnam in 15 vols., 1848-50, and the sale so far {i.e. to Jan. 1857) has been 250,1)00 vols., which, added to aljout as many disposed of the old edits., gives an aggregate sale in America alone of half a million vols, of the works of this popular author. This enumeration does not include the 98,000 vols, already printed of tlie unfinished life of Washington, nor the num- ber of copies sold of Wolfert's Roost, which must be very large. The Works of Washington Irving, in the new revised and uniform edit, just referred to. are thus arranged: Vol. I. Knickerbocker's History of New York. II. The Sketch- Book. III., IV.. V. Columbus and his Companions. VI. Bracebridgo Hall. VII. Tales of a Traveller. VIIL As- toria. IX. The Crayon Miscellany. X. Capt. Bonneville's Adventures. XI. Oliver Goldsmith ; a Biography. XII., XIII. Mahomet and his Successors. XIV. The Conquest of Granada. XV. The Albamhra. To these must be added Wolfert's Roost and The Life of Washington, (also pub. by Geo. P. Putnam it Co. of New York.) which, with The Legends of the Conquest of Spain, will be included in a Second Series of uniform edits, of Irving's Works. A collective London edit, is pub. by Henry G. Bohn, uniform with his Standard Library. It is comprised in 10 thick 8vo vols., (1851.) — viz. : Vol. I. Salmagundi and Knicker- bocker ; with Portrait of Irving. II. Sketch-Book, and Life of Goldsmith. III. Bracebridge Hall, Abbotsford, and Newstcad. IV. Tales of a Traveller, and The Alham- bra. V. Conquest of Granada, and Conquest of Spain. VI., VII., Lite of Columbus, and Companions of Colum- bus ; with a New Index and a fine Portrait. VIII. Asto- ria, and a Tour on the Prairies. IX. Mahomet and his Successors; with Portrait. X. Conquest of Florida, (by Theodore Irving,) and Adventures of Capt. Bonneville. Irving's Works are also pub. in London, fnun time to time, by Murray, Bentley, Routledge, W. Smith, 'legg, Ac. ^ Some have been issued with illustrations, on both sides of the Atlantic; and Messrs. Childs & Peterson, of Phila- delphia, publish Irving's Select Works, illustrated by F. 0. C. Darley and others, in 6 vols. 8vo ; viz. : I. The Sketch-Bool<. II. Knickerbocker's History of New York. III. Tales of a Traveller. IV. Oliver Goldsmith : A Bio- graphy. V. The Alhambra. VI. Bracebridge Hall; or. The Humorists. This volume (VI.) is illustrated by fourteen steel plates, engraved by Greatbach and others, from original designs by Schmolze. What more acceptable testimonial of regard could be presented to a friend than this valuable set of works? The same publishers issue a companion-volume to this set, or the complete works of Irving, entitled The Illus- trated Beauties of Irving, "containing thirty spirited Illus- trations of the Works of Washington Irving, finely engraved on steel, accompanied by an elaborate and carefully-pre- pared Biographical and Critical Sketch of Mr. Irving, from Allibone's Dictionary of Authors ; also, a notice of Sunny Side, Ac, by H. T. Tnckerman, Esq. ; together with choice passages selected from each of Mr. Irving's works." The "notice" by Mr. Tuckerman, above referred to, is an extr.act from the admirable sketch entitled Sunny Side and its Proprietor, to which we have just called the atten- tion of the reader who desires to see a graphic portraiture of Geoffrey Cr.ayon reposing amidst the rural shades of Sleepy Hollow. We can bear witness to the faithfulness of the picture. There are enough points of resemblance in literary taste, culture, and style between the limner and his subject to make " Tuckerman upon Irving" sound as natural and fitting as " Coke upon Littleton." Nor must we omit to notice the Illustrated Edition of Irving's Life of Washington, now (1858) in course of pub- lication (by Putnam) in semi-monthly Parts, (14 to each vol.,) imp.'8vo, 100 copies large paper 4to. ILLUSTRATIONS ON STEEL. Site of Washington's Birthplace; Mount Vernon, (Three Views;) Washington as a Surveyor ; Washington at Fort Necessity ; Washington Surveying the Dism.al Swamp; Washington at Winchester; AVashington's Field- Sports; Fortifying Bunker's Hill; Fort Ticonderoga; Lake George ; Fortifications at West Point in 1780, (from a con- temporary drawing ;) Washington Quelling a Riot; View of New i'ork, 1776 ; Boston from Dorchester Heights in 1776; Announcement of Independence; Battle of Tren- ton; Battle of (TcrmantoTCn: Battle of Monmouth ; Brad- dock's Batlle-Field; Washington going to Congress, &c. And now, in accordance with our promise in the preface to this work, — a promise which the preceding pages will prove we have neither forgotten nor delayed to fulfil, — we shall proceed to adduce, as we have done in other instances, the verdicts which eminent critics have passed upon the literary characteristics of the subject of our notice. In many preceding cases we have been obliged to omit much more than we had space to quote of interesting and truly valuable criticism ; but, when we commence the pleasing task of citing opinions respecting the productions of Wash- ington Irving, we are literally oppressed by the cmbarras de viclicsfeB. As we glance around our library-shelves, and behold the mass of materials which we have been for years collecting on this theme, (as we have on the same scale, though not to the same extent, collected for the illustration of many thousands of other writers.) we feel it to be no exaggeration to say that we could readily fill a goodly octavo volume with the matter which our space will oblige us to reject. Be it our care, therefore, to make that judicious selection from the materials which invite our research, which shall truly represent the impression which this distinguished writer has made upon the present gene- ration and the one which first sat in judgment on the early fruits of his literary toil. 1. Salmagundi; or, the Whim-Whams and Opinions OF Launcelot Langstaff, Esy., and Others, January, 1807, to Janu.ary, ISOS : " We all i-fuiember the success of Siilmagundi, to which he was a lart'e and distiuj^uisbed coutiilmtor; with what rapidity and to what extent it circulated through America ; how lauiiliar it made us with the local pleasantry and the personal bumoui-s of New York, and what an abidius^ influence it has had in that city, by forming a sort of school of wit of a character somewhat marked aud peculiar, and superior to every thing our country has wit- nessed, except, perhaps, that of the wits of The Anarchiad in Con- necticut." — Edward Everett: N. Amer. Rev., xv. 200. July, 1822. " We have no hesitation iu saying at the outset, that we consi- der the good papers of Salmagundi, and the greater part of Knick- erbocker, supeiior to the Sketch-Book. ... It [SalmagundiJ was exceedingly pleasant morning or after-dinner reading, never leaking up too much of a gentleman's time from his business and pleasures, nor so exalted aud spiritualized as to seem mystical to bis far-reaching vision. . . . Though its wit is sometimes lorced, and its serious style sometimes fal.se, upon looking it over we have found it full of entertainuieot. witli an infinite variety of characters and circumstances, and nitii tliat amiable, good-natured wit and pathos which shows that tlie licart lias not grov/u hard while making merry of the world." — l;Kn.\RD M. Dana, Sr. : N. Amfr. llei:. ix. 323, '334, 344-345, Sept. IS19. "The better pieces are written in Mr. Irving's best manner. Take it altogether, it was certainly a production of extraordiuaiy merit, and was instantaneously and universally I'ecognised as such l>y the public. It wants of course the graver merits of the modern British Collections of Essays; but for spiiit, effect, aud actual literary value, we doubt whether any pulilication of the class since The Spectator, upon which it is directly modelled, can fairly be put in competition with it." — Alexander II. Everett: N. Amcr. Jfev., xxviii. 110, Jan. 1.S29. "It was in form and method of publication imitated from The Spectator, but, in details, spirit, and aim. so exquisitely adapted to tlje latitude of New Yoi-k, that its appearance was hailed with a delight hitherto unknown : it was, in fact, a complete triumph of local genius."— IlENRT T. Tdckerman : ,S7.f/c/( nf Amer. Lit. "In this work we are introduced to the watering-places, balls, elections, reviews, and coteries of the daughter-country, aud par- ticularly of ^ew York, the centre of its fashion, iu a style of un« 987 IRV IRV BparinG; and bioad humour, infinitely outdoing any liberties wbich Mathews tbouj^ht lit to take with his hospitable entertainers, aiiil rellecting some credit on the good-temper which was .shown by its reception. . . . That Salmagundi owes its principal pretensions to Mr. Irviug's exertions we are the more inclined to conclude from the evideuce of a work in which, not very long afterwards, he tried his strength single-handed, under the title of Knickerbocker's Humorous History of New York." — Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 474, 470, March, 1825. "The production of Paulding, Irving, Verplanck, and perhaps of others, in partnership [an error, see p'. 935] : the papers of Pauld- ing are more sarcastic, ill natured, acrinionioiis. — bitter, — than those of Irving; but quite as able : those by Verplanck wo do not know: we have only heard of him as one of the writer:^: it is a work in two volumes duodecimo ; essays, after the manner of Gold- smith,— a downright, secret, laboured, continual imitation of him, — abounding, too. in plagiarisms : the title is frum our English Fmm-Klams: oriental papers, the littlo man iu black, &c. Ac. from the Citizen of the World : parts are capital : as a wliole, the work is quite superior to any thing of the kind which this age has pro- duced.'' — John Neal : Blaclw. Mag., xvU. Gl, Jan. 1S25. 2. Knickerbocker's History of New York, 1809. _ It was to this work that Irving owed bis fortunate in- troduction to Sir Walter Scott. Cainitbell was aware of the delight with whioh it was read by the Great Unkuown, and theretVire gave the author a letter to Abbotsford. The ; American arrived at Selkirk on the 2'Jth of August, own grounds. I have no idea of praising a thing whether T like it.or not. You and I will do them to-morrow morning by our- selves."' ' The rest of the company had turned their attention to Smith as he began his story, and there was a universal inquiry after Mr. Irving. Indeed, the first questions on the lips of every one to whom I am introduced as an American are of him and Cooper." Tom Moore*s warm affection for the author of The Sketch-Book is no secret to those who have read the entertaining Diary of the former, recently published by Lord John Rust^ell. We quote from one of the poet'a entries a hoii mot of Irving'sj which has amused us not a little : " April 10, 1S30. — Forgot to mention in its place Irving's descrip- tion of the evening at Horace Twiss's, (the evening of the day he wanted me to meet the Duke of Wellington.) But few pu-ople had cooie ; and 'there was Twiss,' said Irving, 'with his two great men, the Duke and the Chancellor, just like a spider that has got two big flies and does not know what to do with them.' " But, tho reader will query, how had Scott become acquainted with the literary merits of the young Ameri- can ? — for such acquaintance he seems to have had. Lock- hart shall again be our spokesman : '■ Scott had received The History of New York by Knicker- bocker, shortly after its appearance in 1812. frum an accomplished young Auaencaa arnveu at .e.K.r. on .ae .u.n o. .ugu^., A^H- ^1^ td 'ieet, and had reason to l , /> t- • -i rt^ **• i .» . + tvt- think, from the interest he had taken in some of my earlier scrib- that wo have before us a fac-simile of bcott s lettel to Mr. bliugs, that a visit from me would not be deemed an intrusion. Henry Brcvoort, acknowledging tho receipt ot Knicker- On tile lijlli'Wing morning, after an early breakfast. I set off in a bocker's History of New York ; and it is strictly to our postchaise Inr the Abbey. On tlie way thither I stopped at the pvegont purpose— the citation of opinions upon Irviug'3 pt^eof Abbotsford and sent the postillion to the house with the „o,.|,g_t„ te this epistlo for the gratification of the letter of introduction aud my card, on which I bad written that "^^^^ t-^ ^uvL^i ^ ^ ^ t, I was on my way to the ruins of Melrose Abbey, and wished to reader: know whether it would be agreeable to Mr. Scott (he had not yet '• Mi/ Dear Sir:—1 beg you to accept my best thanks for the un- been made a baronet) to receive a visit from me in the course of common degree of entertainment which I have received from the the moriiin"."— /ri'17117's Alihats/urd. most excellently-jocose history of New York. I am sensible that Mr. Lockhart shall tell us in what spirit this "modest as a stranger to American parties and politics 1 must lose much .„ . , ^ of the concealed satire ot the piece; but I must own that, looking approach was receiveu : ..,,.., . ., at the simple and obvious meaning only, I have never read any " Scott's family well remember the delight with which he received ^^-^^^ ^^ closely resembling the style of Dean Swift as the annals thisannouncement:hewas.atbie«kfast,.andsalliedforthinstantly, of Di„j,.ich Knickerbocker. I have been employed the.se few dogs and children alter him as usual, to greet the guest and con- ^^j^in^g )„ wading them aloud to Mrs. S. and two'ladies who are duct him in person from the highway to the door. —LiickliaH s ^ur guests, and our sides have been absolutely sore with laugh- Life of Swtt. Jug I think, too, there are passages which indicate tliat the au- Mr. Irving must be permitted to take up the thread: thor possesses powerof a different kind, and [he] has some touches "Before Scutt had reached the gate he called out to nie iu a which remind mo much of Sterne. I beg you will have the kind- hearty tone, welcoming me to Abbotsford, aud asking news of nggg to let me know when Mr. Irvine takes pen in hand again, for Campbell. Arrived at the door of the chaise, he grasped me assuredly I shall expect a very great treat, which I ni.ay chance warmly by the hand: 'Come, drive down, drive down to the never to hear of but Ihrough your kindness. Believe me, dear sir, house,' said he ; ' ye're just in time for breakfiist, and afterwards " Your obliged and humble servant, ye shall see all the wonders of the Abbey.' "Walter ScOTT. " I would have e.'ccused myself on the plea of having already " Abbotsford. '23d April. 1S13." made my breakfast. ' Hout, man !' cried be; 'a ride in the morning -yyTg have already seen that it was to the friendly offices in the keen air of the Scotch hills is warrant enough lor a second ^j g^^^^ ^-^^^^^ Iniag was indebted for the happy circum- Thuf graphically! sketched, by the gratified stranger, f'-^- which made John Murray his publisher and the his first interview with the tried and loving friend of many handsome tribute to both these gentlemen which appears years; and this lifelike description is fainiliar, or should m the Preiace o the revised ed.tioit of 'Ihe .Sketch-Book be so, to all. But it has been the happy lot of the writer (^"W lolrk, 1848) must not be omit ed m this place : ^ ,' 11 J 1 -1 ii „ '-From that tmie f the publicatinn of The Sketch-Book in 1820] of these pages to hear from Irving s own lips— while the ji^j,.,,^^ became my publisher, conducting himself in all his deal- generous tear of affection quivered in his eye — the pathetic j,ij,c; with that fair, open, and liberal spirit which had obtained account of his htfit interview with his friend, a few months foi^him the well-merited appellation of the Prince of Booksellers, before the lamentations of nations over his grave testitied Thus, under the kind and cordial auspices of SirWalter Scott, I . ,, . u 1 ] ; ■ u 1, I 1 ;^^r7 „.^v> *i,n i.ont-fc be"au my literary career in Europe; and 1 feel that 1 am but dis- to the strong hold which he had gained upon the hearts ^^^ ^^,7^^ ^ (..j^i^g ^^g,.^^^ ^y'^^^t of gratitude to the memory of his readers in every land. But we are ailticipating „(■ that "^golden-hearted man in acknowledging my obligations to here : should we ever record the deeply-interesting narra- jjjm. jjut who of his literary contemporaries e\er applied to him tiou to which we refer, it will be more appropriately intro- for aid or counsel that did not experience the most prompt, gene- dueed in our life of the author of Waverley. It is worth reus, and effectual assistance?" _ mentioning, in this conne.vion, that in a letter from Scott W« continue the quotation of opinions : J. r 1 T> ■ I. J J I 1 no 1 c v,!- lOTT i.^ ,.r,^,c.,A-^ . "Eiiuallv or more admired [than ^aluiagundij was Knicker- to John Richardson, dated 22d Sept. 181 7, he remaiks ^_.|.J..^ ^^.^^ ^^ ^.^^ ^^^^^ i, ^^,.^ ^ be compared with any "Whenyousee'lomCampbell, tell him with my best love that jbiug of the kind in our language; a book of uu wearying plea- I have to thank him for making me known to Mr. Washington j,,„t?y, which, instead of flashing out, as English and AmeriKin Irving, who is one of the best and pleasantest acjuaintances I j,„^,„^„,. j^ „„-^f^ £,.„„, time to time, with long and dull intervals, have made this many a d.ay. , • , , . is kept up with a true French vivacity from l.eiiinniog to end; a Every American who has been abroad, and mingled at ^„„|; which, if it have a fault, has only that of being too pleasant, all in tho polite circles of Europe, can testify that Sir too sustained a tissue of merriment and ridicule." — EnwAitn ilvE- Walter Scott here speaks that only which thousands will kett;, N. Amer. Sev., xv. 200, July, 182-2. eladly endorse. We quote one instance which we find '■ It h.as the same faults .and same good qualities in its style, its jji.mij^ , . '; ,,. ' ,,^.,,. , 1 1 V, -n- 1 ,1 wit and humour, and its characters are evidently by the same recorded in Mr. N. P. Willis s agreeable PenciUings by the ^^^^^ ^^^ ,^^, leading ones in Salmagundi, though not copies from Way. He is describing an evening party at the Countess them. They are perfectly fresh and original, and suited to their of Blessington's : situations. Too much of the first part of the first volume is labo- " Nearest me .sat Smith, the author of Kejected Addresses,— a rious and up-hill ; and there are places, here and there, in tho last hale, handsome man, apparently fifty, with « hite hair, and a very part, to which there is the same objection. Our feelings seldom nobly-formed bead and physiognomy. . . . Among other things, he fl.ag iu the second." — RlcnARD U. Dana, Sr.: iV. Amer. Jiev., is. talked a great deal of Ainerica, and asked me if I knew our dis- 345, Sept. 1819. tinguished countryman. Washington Irving. I had never been "This we consider as equal to the best, and in some respects BO fortunate as to meet him. 'You have lost a great deal,' he perhaps superior to any other, of our author's productions, [viz.: said, ' for never was so delightful a fellow. I was once taken Uldstvle. Salmagundi, Naval Biographies, The Sketch-Book, Brace- down with him into the country by a merchant to dinner. Our bridge Hall, 'i';iles of a Traveller, and Columbus.] It is the one friend stopped his carriage at the gate of his park, and asked us which e.xbil .its most distinctly the stamp of re.al inventive power, if we would walk through his grounds to the house. Irving 1 the true test, as we have hinted, of genius. The plan, though refused, and held me down by the coat, so that we drove on to the | simple enough, and when hit upon sufficiently obvious, is entirely house together, leaving our host to follow on foot. " 1 make it a ' oiiginal.'— Alex. U. Kvekeii: iV. Amer. Sev., xxviii. 117-H8, principle," said Irving, "never to walk with a man through his | Jan. 1829. 933 IRV '•The most elaborate piece of humor in our literature— Irv- Ing's facetious history of his native town."— Uenky i. lucKEKMAN . ^" Of Uie poh'it of'niany of the allusions container] in this political satire, parllikinj: somewhat of the style of Swiffs Tale of a Tub. and in which more Than one President of the United fetates figures, we Terv much lament that we are not fully competent to judge, io us it is a tantalizing book, of which all that we understand is so (rood, and affords us so much pleasure, even through an imperfect icnuaintance with it, that we cannot but conclude th.it a thorough knowledge of the whole point in every part would be a treat in- deed."— ion. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 475, March, 1826. Another authority does not con.sider that Irving was 60 invariably allegorical as the critic just quoted seems to snppose : . " By nine readers out of ten, perhaps, Knickerbocker is read as a piece of generous drollery,— nothing more. Be it so. It will wear the better. The design of Irving himself is not always clear, nor was he always undeviating in his course. Truth or fable, fact or falsehood,— it was all the same to him, if a bit of material came in his way. In a word, we look upon this volume of Knickerbocker— though it is tiresome, though there are some wretched failures in it, a little overdoing of the humorous, and a little coiilusion of purpose throughout— as a work honourable to English literature, manly, bold, and so allrigethcr tirii/iiial, without being extravagant, as to stand alone among the labours of men. — JODN Neal: Blackw. Mag., xvii. ij2, .Jan. 1825. "To speak the plain truth, Diedrlch KnicUerhocker is, after all, our favourite. There is more rirhness of humour, and there is more strength of language too, in these earlier efforts." — Blackw, Maa.. xiv. .-,04. Nov. 1S23. ,,,,.. "The whole book is ^jcu-d'espril, and perhaps its only fault is, that no jc!i-rf'csy>r/( ought to be quite so long as to fill two closely- printed volumes."— /tW., vii. SOI, July, 1820, (by J.G- Lockhart.) The eloquent historian of The Conquest of Mexico, in a dissertation upon the Kight of Title by Discovery, after referring the reader to some of the sreat legal luminaries of different countries.— to Vattcl, Kent, and Wheaton, — concludes with the following allusuin to the erudite essay of our ancient friend, the chronicler of the early fortunes of Nieuw-Nederlandts : " If it were not treating a grave discussion too lightly, I should crave leave to refer the reader to the renowned Tliedrich Knicker- hocker's History of New York, (book 1, chap. 6.) for a luriiinous disquisition on this knotty question. At all events, he will find there the popular arguments subjected to the test of ridicule. — a test showing, more than any reasoning can, how much, or rather how little, they are really worth."— PrescoU's Hist, of the Conquest 0/ Mexico, 23d ed., Bost, 1855, ii. 33, n. For further notices of Knickerbocker's History of New York, see Lon. Month. Rev., xciv. 67 ; Lon. Athen., 1832, 45S; Knickerbocker Mag., iii. 1; Grahame, James, p. 717, in this Dictionary. 3. The Sketch-Book, 1819-20. " I have glanced over The Sketch-Book. It is positively beauti- ful, and increases mv desire to crimp you, if it be possible." — Sir Walter Scolt to Washington Jii'ing, offering him the editorship (with a salary of £50u per annum) of a projected Edinburgh weekly literary periodical. This offer was giatefully declined by "But, though it is primarily for its style and composition that we are induced to notice this book, it would be quite unjust to the author not to add, that he deserves very high commendation for its more substantial qualities; and that we have seldom seen a work that gave us a more pleasing impression of the writers character, or a more favourable one of his judgment and taste. . . . It seemed fair and courteous not to stint a stranger on his first introduction to our pages: and what we have quoted, we are per- suaded, will justify all that we h.ave said in his favour. . . . ^\o have found the book in the hands of most of those to whom we have thought of mentioning it."— Lord Jefpkey : Edin. Jiei'., xxxiv. 161, 1G8, 176, Aug. 1820. " Few recent publications have been so well received in England as The Sketch-Book. Several of the Waverley novels have passed through lewer editions than this agreeable work, and the journ.al5 of most consequence have paid the highest compliments to its merit. We are nevertheless free to confess that we think The Sketch-Book as a whole inferior to the author's earlier writings." —EDWARD Everett: N. Amer. Rer.. XT. 208, July, 1822. "We will be open with him, and tell liim that we do not think the change is for the better. He appears to have lost a little of that natural run of style for which bis lighter writings were so remarkaljle. He has given up something of his direct, simple manner, and plain phraseology, for a more studied, periphrastical mode of expression. He seems to have exchanged words and phrases which were strong, distinct, and definite, for a genteel sort of language, cool, less definite, and general. Tt is as if his mother-English had been sent abroad to be improved, and. in attempting to become accomplished, had lost too many of her home qualities The Sketch-Book is extremely popular, and it is worthy of being so. Yet it is with surprise that we have heard its style indiscriminatelv praised Had we thought less highly of his powers, we should have said less about his errors. Did we not take delight in reading him, we should have been less earnest about bis mistakes He is a man of genius, and able to bear his faults."— RicH.lRD U. Dana, Sr.: N. Amer. iJei)., ix. 348, 350, 356, Sept. 1819. ^. „ ^, " The characteristics of The Sketch-Book are essentmlly the same with those of the preceding work ; but, with somewhat more polish and elegance, it has somewhat less vivacity, fresh- ness, and power. This difference constitutes the distinction between Mr. Irving's first and second manner, the latter of which IRV is preserved in all his subsequent publications, excepting the one immediately before us, [Life of Columbus.] Of these two inan- ners, the one or the other may perhaps be preferred by different readers, according to their different tastes. We incline ourselves to the former, couceiving that spirit and vigour are the highest qualities of style, and that the loss of any merit of this descrip- tion is but p'oorly compensated by a little additional finish. — Alex. H. Everett : N. Atrnr. Rev., xxviii. 119, Jan. 1829. " His stories of Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow are perhaps the finest pieces of original fictitious writing that this country has produced, next to the works of tia>tt."—Cliambers's Ci/c. Eng, Lit.. Edin.. 1844, ii. 594. Dr. Dibdin, a Nestor among critics, cannot find words sufficiently strong in which to e.\prcss his admiration of The Sketch-Book. Referring to Mr. Roscoe, he remarks : "This is probably the last time that his name will adorn these Lu-es: and in taking leave of it bow can I better express iny pages; .and in taking leave c - ., ■ , n.v-„ feelings than in the beautiful language of the author of The Sketcii-Book ■("— Xitroi-J/ Cnmpanian, ed. 1825, 642. Again : , ,.. t, "1 know of few passages- indeed, I know of non(^which so completely and so deliciously (if I may so speak) describe the comforts of a well-stored library as the following, from the author of The Sketch-Book: 'When all that is worldly turns to dross around us, these only retain their steady value,' ic." The doctor quotes to the end of the next paragraph, and then demands, " Can sentiment (I ask) be purer, or language more harmonious, than this'f"- OTi stijnra, p. 644. See also p. 346. " The Sketch-Book is a timid, beautiful work; with some chlldisn pathos in it: some rich, pure, bold poetry: a little squeamish, puliu", lady-like sentimentality : some courageous writing, some wit, and a world of humour, so happy, so natural, so altogether unlike that of any other man, dead or alive, that we would rather have been the writer of it. fifty times over, than of every thing else that he has ever written. The touches of poetry are every- where ; but never where we would look for them. Irving has no passion: he fails utterly in true pathos,— cannot speak as if he were carried away by any thing. He is always thoughtful ; and, save when he tries to be fine or sentimental, always natural. The Hlv sty splendour^ of Westminster Abbey, the 'ship staggering over the precipices of the ocean, the shark 'darting, like a spectre, through the Hue ifafcrs,'- all these things are poetry, such poetry as never was, never will be, surpassed. We could mention fitly more pa33.ages, — epithets of power, which no mere prnse writer would have dared, under any circumstances, to use."— Jous Neal: B(aci-iti. .Vai?., xvii. 65. Jan. 18'25. v •.- . " We trust some arrangement has been entered into, by virtue of which the succeeding numbers of this exquisite miscellany may be early given to the English public; who, we are sure, are, at least, as much inclined to receive them well as the American. Mr W.ashington Ir^ing is one of our first favourites among the English writers of this age, and he is not a bit the less so for having been born in America."— Blackw. Mag., vii. 361, July, 1820, (by J. G. Lockhart.) . . „, We have already quoted Loclthart s opinion _ot Ihe Sketch-Book on a preceding page, 7. 1 also Christo- pher North's Nodes AmbrosianiB, July, 1822, and May, 1823. " Of the merit of his Knickerbocker and New York Stories we cannot pretend to judge. But in his Sketch-Book and Bracehrldge Hall he gives us very good Anieric:in copies of our British Essay- ists and Novelists, which may he very well on the other side of the water, or as proofs of the capabilities of the national genius, but which mi'ht be dispensed with here, where we have to boast of the originals. Not only Mr. Irving's language iswith great taste and felicity modelled on that of Addison, Goldsmith, Sterne, or Mac- kenzie, but the thoughts and sentiments are taken at the rebound, and, as they are brought forward at the present period, want both freshness and probability. Blr. Irving's writings are literary aJia- chronistms. He comes to England for the first (the second] time; and, being on the spot, fancies himself in the midst of those cha- racters and manners which he had read of in The Spectator and other approved authors, and which were the only idea he had hitherto formed of the parent-country. Instead of looking round to see what we are. he sets to work to describe us as we were, at second-hand."— ffaziifCs Spirit of the Age. As this charge — of literary anachronism — has often been urged ag.ainst some of the graphic scenes depicted in The Sketch-Book and Bracebridge Hall, it is only just to allow the author to be heard in his own defence : " At the time of the first publication of this paper, [The Christmas Dinner, in The Sketch-Book,] the picture of an old-fashioned Christmas in the country was pronounced by some as out ot date. The author bad afterwards an opportunity of witnessing almost all the customs above described, existing in unexpected vigour in the skirts of Derbyshire and Yorkshire, where he passed the Christmas holidays. The reader will find some .account of them in the author's account of his sojourn in Newstead Abbey."— Aofe to revised edit, of The Sketcli-Book. New York, 1848. p. 298. Vie lack space to quote Mr. Irving's description of the primitive customs which he found in full and honoured ob- servance in different parts of England,— customs which, as he remarks, . "Have only been pronounced obsolete by those who draw their experience merely fi om city life. ... It has been deemed that some of the anecdotes" of holiday customs given in my preceding writ- ings related to usages which have entirely passed away. Critics who reside in cities have little idea of the primitive manners and observances which still prevail iu remote and rural neighbour- hoods."'— C'rai/on Miscellani/: A'e^vslead Albey, N. York, 1848, 208, '299. -,„ IRV IRV Mr. Irving's comments are fully endorsed by an eminent English authority: '• The accuracy of his pictures of old English customs and sports, ■which he represeuts as tiouiisbiuf;; under the influence of the benevolent squire, has been questioned, we know, by suburban readers : in our tipinion. and according to our e^perience, there is nothing too highly coloured in them. [The writer then proceeds to prnve his positiou.] We think, therefore, that, far from excet-d- ing the limits of probability in this respect. Mr. Irving has hardly made the full use of northern customs whioh was really open to him. Nor ran we see any thing oTerdrawn in the characters them- Belves." — Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 476, 477. March, lH2o. The Dublin University Mag. remarks, in the same strain : " Biacebridge Hall is the only account we have which gives any thing like a true picture of the life of an English country gentle- man of our own day." — May. 1S35, 554. Other reviews of The Sketch-Book appeared in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxv. 50; Lon. Month. Rev., xciii. 198; Edin. Month. Rev., iv. 303. In our life of Lord Byron, p. 322 of this Dictionary, will be fuund an interesting account of the enthusiastic admiration expressed by his lordship of The Sketch-Book and its author. Before we leave our subject, we must not forget to copy an entry in Moore's Diary, in which the success of The Sketch-Book at its first appearance is referred to : "Dined with SIcIvay at the talk d' hate, at Meurice's. for the purpose of being made known to Mr. Washington Irving, the author of the work which has lately had success. The Sketch- Book; a good-lookiug and intelligent-mannered man." — Paris, Dec. 21, 1^20. 4. Bracebridge Hall: or, the HujrouRisTS, 1822: "The great charm and peculiarity of bis work consists now, as on former occasions, in the sin;i:u]ar sweetness of the composition, and the mildness of the sentiments, — sicklied over perhaps a little, now and then, with that cloying heaviness into which unvaried sweetness is so apt to subside. The rhythm and melody of the sentences is certainly excessive: as it not only gives an air of mannerism, but raises too strong an impression of the labour that must have been bestowed, and the importance which must have been attached to that which is. after all, but a secondary attribute to good writing. It is very ill-natured in us, however, to object to wbat has given us so much pleasure; for we hap}}en to be very intense and sensitive admirers of those soft harmonies of studied speech in which this author is apt to indulge himself; and have caught ourselves, oftener than we shall confess, neglecting his excellent matter, to lap ourselves in the liquid music of his pe- riods, and letting ourselves Hoat passively down the mellow falls and windings of his soft-tlowing sentences, with a delight not in- ferior to that which we derive from fine versification." — Lokd Jeffrev; Edin. Ji,-v., xsxvii. 3.38-339, Nov. 1^22. " We have no hesitation in pronouncing Bracebridge Ilall quite equal to any thiug which the present age of Endish literature has produced in this department. In saying this, we class it in the branch of essay-writing. . . . Besides "the episodical tales, he has given us admirable sketches of life and manners, highly cu- rious in themselves, and rendered almost important by the good- natured mock gravity, the ironical reverence, and lively wit, with which they are described. We can scarce express the delight with which we turn to the definite images such a work excites, from the vagueness and generality of ordinary story- writing, where per- sonages without prototypes in anv society on earth speak a lan- guage learned out of books, without a trait of nature, life, or truth." — Edward Everett : N. Amer. Rkv., xv. 209. 223-224, July, 1822. "Bracebridge Hall cerhunly does not possess the spirit of The Sketch-Uook."— B/ac/,-wj. Mag., xi. 688. June. 1S22. " Stout Gentleman— very good, and a pretty fair account of a real occurrence, [see Note at bottom of the page;] Student of Sala- manca— beneath contempt: Irving has no ide;i of genuine romance, or love, or any thing else, we believe, that ever seriously troubles the blood of men : Kookerv— struck off in a few hours ; contrary to what has been said, Irving does not labour as people suppose — he is too indolent — given too much, we Anoiy, to reverv : Dolpb Hevlicer; The Haunted House: Storm Ship— all in the fashion of his early time; perhaps— we are greatly inclined to believe — perhaps the remains of what was meant for Salmagundi or Knick- erbocker : the rest of the two volumes quite unwortliy of Irving's reputation." — John Ne.\l: Blackw. Mag., xvii. 66, Janaarv, 1825. ■' "In spite, however, of the pleasure which Bracebridge Hall has alTorded us, we can see nothing in it which might not have been compressed into the space of one volume. The viak(-w<:irjh(s (for we can give them no other name) which are thrown in to round off the work more properly belong to Mr. Irving's recent publica- tion, the Tales of a Tr-aveller; in fact they are. for the most part, told by the sanie imaginary narrators, and we shall, therefore, consider them under the same head."' — Lo7i. Quar. JSei-., xxxi. 4S1- 4:S2. March. 182o. See also Moore's Diary, March 19, 1S21. 5. TaLe.s of a Traveller, 1824. '* I have been miserably disappointed in the Tales of a Traveller." In this strain commences Tinii.thy Tickler's review of the Tales, and he proceeds to abuse them terri- bly: the more so, he intimates, from the fact that '• Few people have admired Mr. Irving more than mvself. few have praised him more, and certainly few wish him and his career better than I do at this moment."— i??ac/.u'. Muq., xvi. 294, 297. Sept. 1824. ^' ' ' In the same periodical (xvii. 66-G7, American Writers, Ko. 4, by John Neal) the Tales are quit* as severely handled, but the critic dismisses the author with many civil wnnls and a hearty benediction; " You — Geoffrey Crayon — have great power. — original power. Wa rejoice in your failure now, because we believe that it will drive you into a style of original composition, far more worthy of yourself. Go to work. Lose no time. Your foundations will be the stronger for this uproar. You cannot write a novel, a poem, a true tale, or a tragfdy. You can write another Sketch-Book worth all that you have ever written, if you will draw out from yourself. You have some qualities that no other living writer has. — a bold, quiet humour, a rich, beautiful mode of painting without caricatui'e, a delightful, fiee. happy spirit: make use of thtim. We look to see you all the better for this trouncing. God bless you! Farewell." The reviewer in the London Quarterly (vol. xxxi. 481- 487, March, 1S25) finds hardly any thing to commend in the Tales of a Traveller, save the autobiography of I3uck- thorne : " It is with great pleasure that we turn from productions which Mr. Irving honestly confesses to be the sweepings of his Scrap- book, to the tjile of Buckthorne, whose adventures, together with those of his friends, occupy the second division of the tak-s. In this instance, finding the contents of the -said Scrap-book run short, he has been driven to tax his own invention in good e.ir- nest. and the result is excellent. From the evidence of this tale, which abounds in point and incident, it pe^ms probable to us that he might as a novelist prove no contemptible rival to Goldsmith, whose turn of mind he very much inherits, and of whose style he particularly reminds us in the life of Dribble. Like him. too, Mr. Irving possesses the art of setting ludicrous perplexities in the most irresistible point of view, and we think equals him in the variety, if not in the force, of his humour. . . . After the evidence of Mr. Irving's powers afforded by the last-quoted passage, he must in future be true to his own reputation throughout, and correct the habits of indolence which so considerable a part of the Tales of a Traveller evince. The indulgence which he so fairly deserved at his outset, as an ingenious stranger intuitively pro- ficient in the style and ideas of the mother-country, must now cease, and he must be considered in future as not only admitted to the full freedom and privileges of the English guild of author- ship, but amenable also at the same time, as an experienced crafts- man, to its most vigorous statutes. We may congratulate him on thei-ank which he has already gained, of which the momentary caprice of the public cannot long deprive him; and with hearty good will, playfully, but we hope not profanely, we exclaim, as we part with liim. • Yery pleasant hast thou been to me. my brother Jou:ithan.*"~ion. Qimj: Rev., xxxi. 483-484. 48IJ-4S7. But perhaps the most severe of all the reviews of the Tales of a Traveller appeared in the Westminster Review, (ii. 334,) then in the first blossom of its youth. Geoffrey Crayon's courteous notices of the English nobility, and his equally creditable disgust at the sanguinary horrors of the French Revolution, excited the ire of the democratic critic to an uncontrollable pitch. Even the author's ad- miring friend, Tom Moore, seems to have had but little hope for the success of the Tales : " Irving and I set out for the cottage between ten and eleven. Took Irving alter dinner to show him to the Starkeys, but he was sleepy, and did not open his mouth : the same at Elwyn'.s dinner. Not strong as a lion, but delightful as a domestic anim.il. Walked him over this morning to call on Lord Lansdowne, (come down in consequence of Lord King's illness.) who walked part of the way back with us. Read me some parts of his new work, Tales of a Traveller. Kather tremble for its fate. Murray has given him 1500^ for it: might have had, I think, 2000^."— June 17, 1S24. 6. The Life and Voyages of Christopheb Colum- bus, 182S: *' Venient annis Sa^cula seris, quibus, Oceanus Vincula rerum laset, et ingens Pateat tell us, Typhisque novos Detegat Orlies. nee sit terris Ultime Thule." — Seneca: Medea. '- The author, having resided for some years past in Madrid, and enjoyed access to the archives of the Spanish Government, as well as to many private Libraries, has been enabled to weave into this \Vork many curious facts, hitherto unknown, concerning the His- tory of Columbus." The existence of a new world beyond the Atlantic was firmly believed by many of the ancients, as is abundantly proved by numerous passages in the classics : "None of the intimations [remarks Mr. Prescott] are so precise as that contained in the well-known lines of Seneca's Medea: ' Yenient annis sajcula,' &c. Although, when regarded as a mere poetical vagary, it has not the weight which belongs to more serious suggestions of similar import, in the writings of Aristotle and Strabo. The various allu- sions in the ancient classic writers to an undiscovered world form the subject ol an elaborate essay in the Memoriasda Acad. Keal da? Scien^as de Lisboa, (tom. v. pp. 101-112,) and are embodied, in much greater detail, iu the first section of Ilumboldt's Llistoira de la Geographie du Nouveau Continent: a work in which the author, with his usual acuteness, has successfully applied the vast stores of his erudition and experience to the illustration of many iuferesting points connected with the discovery of the New World and the personal history of Columbus."— fi^iV-jf. «/ the Reign of Ferd. and Isabella, 11th ed., Bost., 1850, ii. 116-117, n. Mr. Prescott remarks in the text: '• A pi-oof of this popular belief occurs in a curious passage of the Morgante Maggiore of the Florentine poet Puici, a man of letters, but not distinguished for scientific attainments beyond hi.': d.iy. The passage is remarkable, independently of the cosmo- gr:ipbi<-,Hl knowledge it implies, foi- its allusion to pb^-nomena ia 1 physical science not established till more than a century later. IRV TKV The devil, alluding to the vulgar supposition respectiDg the Pillars of Hercules, thus addresses his compiiniou Rinaldo: *' ' Know that this theory is false : bis bark The daring mariner shall urge Cir o'er The western wave, a smooth and level plain, Albeit the earth is fashioned like a wheel. Man was in ancient days of grosser mould, And HeiTul>:-s might blush to learn how tar r.eyond the limits he bad vainly set The dullest sea-boat soon shall wing her way. Men shall desci-y another hemisphere, Since to one common centre all things tend; So aarth. by curious mystery divine, ■\Vell balanced, hangs amid the starry spheres. At nur Antipodes are cities. statfS, And thronged empires, ne'er divined of yore. But see. the Sun speeds on his western path To glad the nations with expected light.' PuLCi : Min-gante Maggiorp, canto 2.3. st 229, 230." "I have used blank verse [proceeds Sir. Piescott, in a note] as affording facility for a more literal version than the corresponding ottava riina of the original. This passage of Pulcl, which has not fallen under the notice of Humboldt, or any other writer on the same subject whom T have consult*-d. affords probably the most circumstantial prediction that is to be found of the existence of a western world. Dante, two centuries before, had intimated more •vaguely his belief in an undiscovered quarter of the globe: 'De' TOstri sensi ch' h del rimanente, Non Togliate negar I'esperienza, Diretro al sol, del nmndo senza gente.* Infernn, cant. 26, v. WhP'—Ubi supra. 117-118, 118, n. "Wc happen to hare lying on our table a notice of a work which should not be neglected by the collector of American History, (a large class among our friends in Boston and New York,) and which we observe has not escaped the researches of Mr. Irving (Hist, of Columbus) or of Mr. Prescott, {Hist, of Ferdinand and Isabella.) It is entitled Kaccolta del Documento Originate e inediti spettante a Cristoforo Colombo alia Scoperta ed ol Go- verno dell' America, Genoa, 1823, 4to. An invaluable collection of authentic remains, letters, memorials, Ac. of the great navigator, with a learned introduction by Prof. Spotorno. An English trans, of this work was issued in the same year (1 vol. Svo, pp. 159 and 25o) in London. A notice of this cuUecdon will be found in Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 152, 155 ; N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 415-417, April. 1S24, (by Jared Sparks j) Ibid., xxi. 398-429, Oct. 1825. The Colec- cion delos Viages y Descubrimientos de Don Martin Fernan- dez de Navarrete, Madrid, 1S25, 2 vols. 4to, (3d vol., 1829, 4to,) to which we have already referred, will of course be found in the American department of the collector's Library. Those who are still ignorant of the value of this treasury, and the eminent services of its erudite compiler to the im- portant cause of historical research, must consult Prcseott's Mexico, 23d ed., 1855, Pref., vi.-vii. ; his Ferd. and Isa- bella. II th ed., 1856, Pref., v., and vol. ii., 133-134, 507, n.; his Peru, ed. 1855, Pref., vi.-vii., vol. ii., 76; Irving's Co- lumbus and his Companions, ed. 1848. i., Pref., 13-18, iii., Introduc, xv. See also a review of Navarrete's Colec- cion, — written by Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, a ripe scholar, — in the N. Amer. Rev., xxiv. 265-294, April, 1827. '■Ilis great work, Colecciou de los Viages y Descubrimientos,'' remarks Mr. Prescott, '"allhough far from being completed after the original plan of its author, is of inestimaijle service to the historian.*' — Peru, iV-/., vii. Perhaps we have already lingered sufficiently long on the threshold of our subject, — the citation of opinions respecting Irving's History of Columbus; but we must not pass on without commending to our reader a notice in theN. Amer. Rev., xliii. 43-52, July, 1836, (by J.L.Kings- ley,) of the Italian Jesuit Ubertino Carrara's Latin epic on the Discovery of America, entitled Columbus, first pub. 1715j at Rome. The poet thus announces his subject: *■' Primus ab Europa, Solis qui viserit urnam, Perque propbanatum veils mare, maxima regna Regibus Ilispnnis, orbemque adjecerit orbi, Sit mihi materies operis." — Lib. i. 1. "We recently cut the following notice from some paper of the day : *' Chart nf Columbus. — An old picture-dealer has lately sold to the Spanish Government, for 4000 fr.. the chart which the pilot of Columbus, Juan de la Cossa, used in his voyage to the New ^Vorld. It was formerly in one of the public libraries of Spain ; and, when the galleries and churches of that country were ravaged by Mar- Bh.il Soult, it fell into his hands, with The Conception, by iMurillo, and various other spoils.'' In the adduction of opinions respecting the manner in which Mr. Irving has acquitted himself in the responsible office of the biographer of the Great Admiral, with whom can we so properly begin as with that eminent scholar to whose researches Mr. Irving and the world at large are so much indebted for all that we knoic of the illustrious Genoese? And here we are greatly pleased in being able to quote in evidence the most unqualified commendation of Mr. Irving's labours, which eulogy we are the more rejoiced to find from the certainty that if the opinion made as much against, as it fortunately dues for. the his- torian's reputation, it would not be withheld from our readers. Our duty is neither to bury Cjesars nor to praise them, but rather to faithfully chronicle the recorded de- cisions of the great judges of literary jurisprudence. M. Navarrete may well be supposed to have entertained a natural anxiety that the cojiious collections for the illus- tration of the Life of Columbus which he had brought together, at the price of so many days and nights of per- severing industry and careful research, should be faithfully made known to those who could only enjoy them in an English dress. Indeed, as we have seen in a preceding page, nothing more was originally contemplated by Mr. Everett than a translation by Irving of Navarrete's Collec- cion. But. fortunately for the cause of letters, Mr. Irving determined upon a more comprehensive undertaking : "On considering the matter more maturely, [he remarks,] I per- ceived that, although there were many books, in various languages, relative to Columbus, they all contained limited and inromplete accounts of his life and voyages; while numerous valuable tracts on the subject existed only in manuscript or in the form nf letters, journals, and public muniments. It appeared to me that a his- tory faithfully digested from these various materials was a deside- ratum in literature, and would Ije a more satisfactory occupation to myself, and a more acceptable work to my country, than the translation I had contemplated."— Madrid, 1S27 : Pre/, to 1st edit. Life of Chlumbits. The work was completed, and this decisive seal to its excellence was impressed by the learned Navarrete him- self: '• Yo me complazco en que los documentos y noticia.s que public6 en mi colecciou sobre los primeros aeon tec imientos de la historia de America hayan recaido en manos tan habiles para apreciar su autenticidad. para examinarlas con critica, y propagarlas por tudoa partes, echaudo los fundanientos de la verdad que hasta ahora h& sido tan adulterada por los escritores parciales 6 sistem&ticos." — From a letttr dated Madrid, April 1. 1S31. The same distinguished authority, in the Introduction to the 3d vol. of his Collection of Spanish Voyages, after adducing a number of testimonials to the usefulness of the two first vols., {1825, 4to,) remarks : "■ Insigne prueba de esto mismo acaba de damos el SeHor Wash- ington Irving en la Historia de la Vida y de los Yiages de Cristobal Colon rjue ha pnblicado con una aceptacion tan general como bieu merecida. Digimos en nuestra introduccion (1,^56. pag. Ixxxii.) (^ue no nos proponiamos escribir la historia de aquel almirante, sino publicar noticias y materiales para que se escribiese con vera- cidad. y es una fortuna que el primero que se haya aprovechado deellas sea unliterato juiciosoy ertidito, conocidoyaen su patriay en Europa por otras obras apreciables. Colocado en Madrid, esento de las rivalidades que ban dominadoentrealgunas naciones Europeas sobre Colon y sus descubrimientos; con la proporcion deexaminar e.\celentes libros y preciosos manuscritos, de tratar k personas in- struidas en estas materias, y teniendo siempre k la mano los auten- ticos documentos que acabamos de publicar, ha logrado dar k su historia aquella extension, imparcialidad, y exactitud que la hacen muy superior A las de los escritores que le precedieron. Agr^gase fi,esto. su metodico, arreglo, y conveniente distribucion ; su estilo animado, puro, y elegante ; la notii-ia de varias personages que in- tervenieron de los sucesos de Colon, y el ex&men de varias cues- tiones en que luce siempre la mas sana critica. la erudicion y buen gusto." — Proloijo al tomo iii., Madrid, 1829, 4to. It is proper that we should next quote the verdict of Mr. Alexander H. Everett, — so intimately connected with the inception of this great enterprise^ — one of the ripest scholars that America has yet produced, and a critic of too much candour to permit his own interest in the work or bis friendship for the author to either influence his judgment or qualify its expression : "This is one of those works which are at the same time the delight of readers and the despair of critics. It is as nearly pei"- fect as any work well can be; and there is therefore lilile or nothing left for the reviewer ttut to write at the bottom of every page, as Voltaire said he should be obliged to do if he published a commentiiry on Racine, Pulchre! bene! optime! . . . lie has at length tilled up the void that before existed, in this respect, in the literature of the world, and produced a work which will fully satisfy the public and supersede the necessity of any future labours in the same field. While we venture to predict that the adventures of Columbus will hereafter be read only in the work of Mr. Irving, we cannot but think it a beautiful coincidence that the task of duly celebrating the achievements of the disco- verer of our continent should have been reserved for one of its inhabitants; and that the earliest professed author of lirst-rate talent who appeared among us should have devoted one of his most important and finished works to this pious purpose. ' Such honors llion to her hero paid, And peaceful slept the mighty Hector's shade.' For the particular kind of historical writing in which Mr. Irving is litted to labor and excel, the Life of Columbus is undoubtedly one of the very best — perhaps we might say, without the fear of mistake, the very best — subject afforded by the annals of the world. ... In treating this happy and splendid subject, Mr. Irving has brought out the full force of his genius, as far as a just regard for the principles of historical writing would admit." — jY. Ariier. Rtv.. xxviii. 103, 128, 129. J.an. 1829. The verdict of the brilliant historian of the Reign of IRV Ferdinand and Isabella— who has so greatly distinguished himselt by his researches in the same field of historical investigation as that in which Mr. Irving gleaned so abundant a harvest— must have been awaited by the latter with no little anxiety. In a notice of the publication of the Coleccion of Sefior Navarrete, to which we have fre- quently referred, Mr. Prescott remarks : '■ Fortunately, iMr Irving's visit to Spain at (bis period enabled the world to derive the full benefit of Senor Navarrete's researches, by presenting their results in connexion with whatever had been before known of Columbus, iu the lucid and attractive form which engages the interest of every reader. It would seem highly proper that the fortunes of the discoverer of America should engage the pen of an mh.abitant of her most favoured and enlightened legion ■ and it IS unnecessary to add, that the task has been executed in a manner which must secure to the historian a share in the im- K™''.?'''^ '■'""'"■' °f l^'S subject."— i?«-(i. a7id /satcKa, llth ed. loob, 11, loo, •• It is not necessary to pursue the track of the illustrious vova- ger whose career, forming the most brilliant episode to the history of the present reign, has been so recently traced by a hand which few Wlh eare to follow.'— 7fc«., ii. 465-166. See also 4S2-4S3 n .. J^"" noblest monument to the memory of Columbus "—hid 11. 509. '^ "I will only remark, in conclusion of this ton prolix discussion about myself, that while making my tortoise-like progress, I saw what 1 had fondly looked upon as my own ground (having indeed lain unmolested by any other invader for so many ages) suddeulv entered and m part occupied, by one of my countrymen. I allude to Mr. Irving s History of Columbus and Chronicle of Granada; the subjects of which, although covering but a small part of mv who e plan, form certainly two of its most brilliant portions. Now, alas. If not devoid of interest, they are at least stripped of the charm of novelty For what eye has not been attr,acted to the spot OT w^hich the light of that writer's genius has fallen V'-Ihid., In his Preface to the History of the Conquest of Mexico, Mr. Prescott, referring to the passage just quoted, notices It as a singular chance," that, after collecting the mate- rials for his last-named work, he found himself "uncon- sciously taking up ground which Mr. Irving was preparing to occupy. But we have already noticed this fact in our Lile ot Charles James Fox, p. 624 of this Dictionary, to which the reader is referred. We had intended to quote ether comments of Mr. Prescott's upon Irving's History of Columbus, but, as our article .already lengthens beyond our intended limits, we must be content to refer the reader to the Preface to Mexico, ix., x. ; Ibid., iii. 252, n. ; Pres- cott s review of Irving's Chronicle of the Conquest of trranada, m N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 293-314, Oct. 1S29 See also W. H. Gardiner's review of Prescott's Ferd. .and Isa- bella, in N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 203-291, Jan. 1838,— Pres- cott and Irving Compared, Ac. We proceed with our quotations; but they must be brief: *■ ■ \"'„°'\ *'"' ''''°'<' ""■ excellent book; and we venture to anticipate bat t will be an enduring one. Neither do we ha/a,^ this prediction lightly, or without a full consciousness of all it im- plies. . . . lor we mean, not merely that the book will be familiarly known and referred to some twenty or thirty years hence, and will pass in solid binding into every considerable collection ;'but that It will supersede all former works on the same subject, and never Sept l's2s'"'""'' "" *"=^™'^>^- -S"'™- -R™., ilviii. 1-32' tnl.'S'Jf''? ?'';*"? ^^i ^'^^V "'■ Columbus, you see him weigh- i,^S,1^H -/k «' '° "''' '™''^" "f " eoMen criticism. You behold him laden with the manuscript treasures of well-searched archives and disposing the heterogeneous materials into a well-digested and JutyTS ''^'■'■^''™' -J5""'^i' EvuEETi; N. Amer. Eev., A 5, '•This work is written with the attractions of style and taste ?hi,'' ■h*,*'vI"'P"""' ^^''"^ '^''■""K t° '•■'^ inspiration of the CELroE'lENT *=""'"' °^ ""= <"'^"»e"ished aSthor."-CHAN. "A life of Columbus authentic, clear, and animated in narra- tion, graphic in Its descriptive episodes, and sust^iined and finished m style. It IS a permanent contribution to English as well as American litera ure; one which was greatly needed and most ap- propriately suppIied."-HsNRY T. Tuckerman ; Sketch of Amer Li( !5i.nce I have been here, I have contrived (by reading a half- hour in the night .and a half-hour in the morning) to peruse the whole of Irving's Life of Columbus, in three volumes. lUs qniti ?i -i ^r,l "^ ^"'t "■"."S'^ ' "^''''' '°° ■"■^"1' spread ""t by repiv tition of the same thoughts and descriptions. It is in all respects, however reputable to the literature of our country."-J™GE Stokt ; LeUcr to Wm. W. Slor,j, Washington, Feb. 21, 1836 Judge Story's comment reminds us of a similar one recorded by Tom Moore, and Cooper's ready retort ■ When Kogers in talking of Washington Irving's Columbus, said, in his dry, significant way. ■ It's rather long,' Cooper turned ronnd on him, and said, sharply, 'That's a s& criticism.' »- Moorp's Duiry, May 27, 1828. mi-ioiii. T,!',-?"''!" ° mentioned the enormous price given by Murray for Irving s two last works ; SOOO guineas for Columbus, and 20001. for itin'-ii;;;?.! 5'u!;''i6,l82v""' ''"" °°™' "'^'^' "^^ '''^- »° ^^" h.tf I'Vi,'"'^ that for Murray (according to his own account) they have not been so fortunate ; his loss on the two publications being the Chnont'l^T ^"""'-l "■;'* °*y "»' ^^ S'-- f™» 'he truth, a1 tne Chronicles have not sold at .all."— /4,d.. Nov 12 18'^ By thyccessiou of his volumes, we have now the biography IRV ■ of Columbus; as by Robertson's [History of America] we before had.'and still have, the history. Mr. Irving's has been to me a very interesting production, sometimes marked with passages of great force and beauty ; and it conbaiiis every thing respecting Columbus that can be wanted. He has had valuable sources of information, which he describes, and which were not within the reach of Ro- i bertson. Still, bis volumes only show, as usual, the merits of Robertson. Upon looking over the historian's account once more, I see no mistakes, and no mateiial omissions : in a concise and calm manner every particular of importance is intimated to the reader; and Mr. Irving has only told in the detail (but in a very interesting and agreeable manner, and I recommend his volumes to you) what our excellent historian had told before."— Prof. Svuith's Lecls. on Mod. Hid. There is another comparison between Robertson and Irving which it occurs to us to quote. It is one drawn by Lord Brougham in his Life of Dr. Robertson, and elicited by the account of the latter, in his History of America, of the first discovery of land by Columbus : "If the word dramatic," remarks his lordship, " has been applied to this narrative, it has been advisedly chosen; because no one can doubt that with the most scrupulous regard to the truth and even to the minute accuracy of his history, this composition has all the beauties of a striking poem. To judge of its merits in this ''f S" - '/ "'" °ot compare or rather contrast it with the Histories 01 Oviedo or Herrera, or Ferdinand Columbus, or even with the lar better composition of Dr. Campbell, or whoever wrote the his. tory of the discovery in Harris's Bibliotheca Itinerarium, nor vet with the ambitious but worse-written narrative of Mr. Washih^'- ton Irving in bis Life and Vo.vages of Columbus." 4c. ° The noble critic then proceeds (in a note) to quote ex- amples from both writers : " It is no part of my intention to underrate the merits of this very popular author : but I speak of the manner in which ho has treated the subject; and, coming after so great a master, it was not judicious in him to try for effect, instead of studying the chaste simplicity of his predecessor. These are a few of his ex- pressions : The .ships 'were ploughing the waves;' Columbus was 'wranneii m t.hp clinH.ic of ,ii..K+.» 1,^ , — .....„;„., . . — " ■ .^"■-, -^"'i'- "etc ^,.-.uf;uiug ine waves;- uoiumouswas wrapped in the shades of night:' he 'maintained an intense watch ; he ' ranged his eye along the duskv horizon ;' he beheld ' suddenly a glimmeriug light,' Robertson had never thought of ^'.jT"' '';i'?'^^"'j'',''.* knowing that light must of necessity be sudden. Then the light b.as 'p.assing gleams;' his feelings 'must have been tumultuous and intense;' contrarv to the fact, and to the character of the man; 'the great mystery of the ocean was revealed; 'what a bewildering crowd of conjectures thronged on his nimd! All this speculation of the writer to insure the effect, Dr. Robertson rejects as fatal to effect, and gives only what actually happened. Finally, he was possibly to find ' the morning dawn upon spicy groves, and glittering fanes, and gilded cities.' Surelv no one can hesitate which of the two pictures to prefer. If the one IS not absolutely tawdry, the other is assuredly more chaste. To compare the two pieces of workmanship is a good lesson, and may tend to cure a vitiated taste, (Book iii. Chap. 3.) To take only one instance: 'About two hours before midnight, Columbus, standing on the forecastle, observed a light at a distance, and privately pointed it out to Pedro,' ,!:o. Thus Robertson. Irvine says, '^^ rapped from observation in the shades of night, he main- tained an intense and unremitting watch, ranging his eve along the dusky horizon. Suddenly, about ten o'clock, he th6u"ht hi u- u ^ l','^\ glimmering at a distance.' Can any one doubt which of the two passages is the most striking,— the chaste and severe, or the ornamented and gaudy and meretricious? The account of Robertson makes the ships lie-to all night. Irvinsr either makes them lie-to, and afterwards go on sailing rapidlvl or the lying-to was the night before, and they sailed quicker the nearer they came to land and in the dusk. The one makes them only see tbe shore .after dawn; the other makes them see it two eagues off, in a dark night, at two in tbe morning, within the tropics, --lirra 0/ Mm „f Letters of the Time of George III., Lon. in the Boston Christian Review, xv. 203. See also Lon. Month. Rev., exr. 419, cxxiv. 244 • Lon Lit. Gaz., 1828, 65-67 ; Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. 173, ix 163- bouth. Rev., ii 1, vii. 214; South. Lit. Mess., vi. 569 | Phila Mus. of For. Lit., xiii. 23, from Lon. Weekly Rev. .Vo?'"'""'''^ "^ ™^ CCNQOEST OF GrANADA; FROM THE MSS. OF Frav Antonio Agapida, 1829. Perhaps we need hardly inform our readers that the worthy chronicler Fray is an imaginary personage. 'Mr Irving's late publication, the Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada, has superseded all further necesssitv for poetrv, .and un- fortunately for me, for history. He has fnlfy availed himseif of eri ■ .tl fK"'''"''T »•"! '""^"*'°S njo^efients of this romantic Chronicle with the present more prosaic and literal narrative [fl ar of Gnanada, in Ferd. and Isabella] will see bow little he h.,3 Wm 5^ ;„I -f "i ™'r "'' ■?™''">"'^ dress of his work has enabled him to make it tbe medium for reliecling more vividly tbe floating opinions and chimerical fancies of the age, while be has ilium? nated the picture with the dramatic brilliancy of colouring denied win"' '"^"'"■y- -''^'■«'=<'" s J'^'-d. and Isabella, Uth ed., 1S66, a And see Mr. Prescott's review of the Chronicle, in N. 88-l'22 ■' ^^'''' ^^^"^" '■ "''" '° ^'^ Miscellanies, 1865, far more light (than Robertson's Charles V. and Watson's Philip li.j on the interior organization and intellectual culture of the Spanish nation. Such, for example, are the writings of Irvine, whose gorgeous colouring reflects so clearly the chivalrous spleu- donrs of the fifteenth century."— J!)M., Miscett., 125-126, q. v. ; (trom N. Anier. Itev.. July, 1S37.) Since Mr. Presoott's commendation was penned, tbe Chronicle has been brought more strictly within historical bounds, and in other respects al.'O greatly improved. " His Chronicle, at times, we.irs almost the air of romance ; yet the stoiT is authenticated bv fre.iuent reference to existing docu- ments, proving that he has substantial foundation for his most extraordinarvlncidents." — Lm. CJiiar. l^cv., xliii. Oo-SO. This article, explanatory of the work, and carefully avoiding commendation, was written for the Quarterly by Mr. Irving, at the request of Mr. John Murray. See also Lon. Month. Rev., cxix. 430; Amer. Month. Eev., v. 190; Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1S29, 329. 8. Voyages of the Companions of Coldmbcs, 1831. See Lon. Month. Rev., N. S., xvi. 244 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1831, Pt. 1, 143; Presoott's Conq. of Peru, ed. 1855, i. 198, n. 9. The Alhambra, 1832. " On the whole, we consider the work before us as equal in lite- rary value to any of the others of the same class, with the excep- tion of The Sketch-Book; and we should not be surprised if it were read as extensively as even that very popular production. We hope to h.ave it in our power, at no remote period, to announce a continuation of the series, which we are s:itisfled will bear, in the booksellers' phrase, several more volumes."— EowiBD Everett: N. Am)^r. Rev. xxxv. 265-282, Oct. 1S32. A very suggestive remark occurs in the course of this review, "which we quote with the hope that it will bring forth fruit ia its season : "The period of the Moorish ascendency is, perhaps, the niost interesting in the annals of Spain, and would furnish a fit subject for a more methodical, extensive, and elaborate historical descrip- tion than has yet been given of it in any lan:^uage,*' Since the .above was written, Mr, Prescott, indeed, has given us his truly great work on tho Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, iu which we have a graphic account of the decadence — or, more properly speaking, the extirpation — of the Moorish power in Spain; and he has not neglected eloquently to dilate upon the ancient glories of Cordova, Seville, and Granada in their best estate; but it did not enter into his plan to discuss this comprehensive theme in the extent which can alone do it justice. With the vast collections which he has already made, the profound knowledge of the subject which the digestion of those materials has conferred, and the eloquence and force of his historic pen, what better subject can Mr, Prescott have than the one we have ventured to suggest? But, before we entirely forget Mr. Irving iu this episode, we must remember to notice that, whilst Mr. Everett ranks The Al- hambra below The Sketch-Book, Mr. Prescott very happily refers to the volume as the "beautiful Spanish Sketch- book, The Alhambra." See Ferd. and Isabella, 11th ed., 1856. ii. 100, n. See other reviews of The Alhambra, in the Westminster Rev., xvii. 132 ; Lon. Athen., 1832, 2S3; Amer. Month. Rev., ii. 117. We must commend to the attention of those fond of the remains of ^Moorish anti- quity, the splendid publication of Owen Jones, 1842-45, 2 vols. fol. Columbia, £24, or in grand eagle fob, £36, entitled Illustrations of the Palace of the Alhambra. Doubtless the reader of Mr. Irving's thrilling account of his midnight explorations of tho Alhambra has often asked himself. "How much of this is sober matter of fact. and how much poetical license ?" We are fortunately en- abled to answer this question from a letter of Mr. Irving to the author of this Dictionary : "The account of my midnight rambles about the old palace^ is literally true, yet gives but a feeble idea of my feelings and im- jiressions and of the singular haunts I was exploring. Every thing in the work relating to myself and to the actual iDb.abitauts of the Alhambra is unexaggerated fact : it was only in the legends that I indulged in romancing; and these were founded on materials picked up about the place. "To S. Austin Allibone. Sunnyeide, Nov. 2, 1857. 10. A TODR ON THE Prairies, 1835. "To wh,at class of compositions the present work belongs we are hardly able to s.ay. It can scarcely be called a book of travels, for thereis too much painting of manners and scenery, and too little statistics; it is not a novel, for there is no story; and it is not a romance, for it is all true. It is a sort of sentimental journey, a romantic excursion, in which nearly all the elements of several differeut kinds of writing are beautifully aud gaily blended into a production almost sui f/t'neris. , , , We are not sure that the pas- sage in the book which we have read with greatest satisfaction is not that in which we are promised its continuation." — Edwabd Everett ; A^. Amer. /fee, x!i. 1-28, July, 1835. See also Dubl. Univ. Mag., v. 555 ; and see reviews of The Crayon Miscellany, in South. Lit. Mess., i. 646; South. Lit. Jour., i. 8. 11. Astoria, Lon., 1836, 3 vols. cr. 8vo ; Phila., 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. See Rich's Bibb Amer. Nova, ii. 2S3. In French, trans, by P. N. Grolier, 1839, 2 vols. Svo. "The whole work bears the impress of Mr. Irving's taste. A IRV great variety of somewhat discordant materials is brought into a consistent whole, of which the parts have a due reterence to each other; and some sketches of life and traits of humour come liesh from the pen of Oeoffrev Crayon."— Edward Everett : JV. Amer. Jin:, xliv. 200-237, Jan. 1837. " I have read Astoria with great pleasure: it is a book to put in your library, as an entertaining, well-written — very well-written account of savage life, on a most extensive scale. Ellice. who has just come from America, says Mr. -istor is worth £5.000,000 sterling; but Baring does not believe it, or is jealous perhaps,"— - Bei'. Siidney Smith to Sir Gmrge rliilips, Combe Foley, Dec. 22, IS36: 'SmWi's Letters and Ci>rresp.,'iSib,\o\.ii. "The narrative, though told with the grace of the writer, is necessarily ir\-."—Blachw. Mag., xli, 103, Feb. 1837, q. i'. We must not omit to quote the following well-merited tribute to a gentleman who, by his extensive circulation of sound literature for many years both in Europe and America, has honestly earned the title of a benefactor to the public mind. AVe refer to Mr. Irving's friend and publisher, Mr. George P. Putnam, of New York : " We notice Astoria and the Tour on the Prairies now, only on account of their connection with our subject, and to commend the Uaste and enterprise of tho publisher who has given to the read- in" world what has long been wanted,— a neat and uniform edition of 'all the writings of Mr. Irving, at a price which ought to obtain for them a wide circulation. These two works, which have all the pleasing characteristics of the author's style, appear very season- ably in a new edition."— Prof, Francis Bowen : Adrentures on the Prairies, in N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 175-196, July, 1819. We have not the slightest iuterest in the gams or losses of Mr. Putnam's copy-rights, but we have much in the moral and intellectual cultivation of the mind and heart of our countrymen and countrywomen, and therefore, as Lord Chesterfield s.aid of the witty scintillations of the Dean of St. Patrick's, " He that hath any books in the three kingdoms hath those of Swift," so say we. He that hath any books in this great republic should have those of Irving. As for those who have no books, — if any such there be,— in that household you may look for enuni, mental and physical languor, gossiping, dissipation, and " every evil work." As Sancho Pan/.a conferred his hearty benediction upon the philanthropic inventor of sleep, so do we cordially revere the character of the lite- rary Howard who founded the first family library. Of Sancho's favourite recreation he could only say. in the height of his somniferous prean, that it "covered a man like a mantle ;" but of good books we can testify that they nurture the soul with the food of angels. But " to proceed with our subject," as the divines say, which has " naturally divided itself" into a hydra-headed discourse : other reviews of Astoria will be found in the Westminster Rev., xxvi. 318; Amer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 60; South. Lit. Mess., iii. 59. See also Fr.anchere's Narrative of a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America, in 1811- 14, trans, into English by J. V. Huntingdon, N. York, 1854, 12mo. This work contains comments upon some of the statements in Irving's Astoria. 12. The Adventures of Captain Bonneville, Lon. and Phila.. 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. " Washington Irving, after gleaning the romance of Europe, is now indefatigably labouring at the romanceof America."— iifacAio. Hag., xlii, 64-67, July, 1837. "These volumes ate full of exciting incident, and, by reason of Mr. living's fine taste and attractive style, they possess the power and the charms of romance." — Chance'lloe Kent. 13. Oliver Goldsmith : A Biography, N. York, 1849, 12iuo. This work we have already noticed in our Lives of John Forster and Oliver Goldsmith, in this Dic- tionary. See also Lon. Athen., 1849, 1151-1152. 14. Mahosiet and his Successors, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo. See N. Amer. Rev.. Ixxi. 273 ; N. Y'ork Church Rev., iiL 401 ; South. Quar. Rev., xx. 173. 15. Wolfert's Roost, 1855, 12mo. This vol forms No. 4 of Constable's Miscellany of Foreign Literature, pub. at Edinburgh. The publication of this vol. elicited so many complimentary notices, that the New York pub- lishers, Messrs, Geo. P. Putnam & Co., issued a collection of them in pamphlet form of 24 pages. This little bro- chure should accompany every set of Irving's works. We give an extract from a notice which has escaped the vigi- lance of the publisher: " We envy those who will now read these t.ales and sketches cf character for the first time. Washington Irving is here, as he always is, equal to himself, Ue has the finish of our best writers; ho has the equality and gentle humour of Addison and Gold- smith." — Wejitminster Rev., April, 1855. Another complimentary notice, also not in the pamphlet just referred to, appeared in the Lon. New Monthly Maga- zine, and was copied into the Boston Living Age for Aug. 11, 1855. From a review of AVolIert's Roost, in the Lon. Athenaeum, 1855, 192-193, we have already given an ex- tract in our article on Ralph AValdo Emerson, to which tho reader is referred. 913 IRV 16. The Life op George Washington, N. York vol i 1855; vols. ii.. iii., 1856; iv., 1857. 8ee ««(«. ' ' '' We have before us a number of eulogistic reviews of the early vols, of this as yet unfinished history; but it is obvious that a production of this character must be re- garded as a whole, and that no intelligeot, imp.artial criti- cism can be e.xpected until those among us learned in historic lore shall have had opportunity to sit in judc-ment upon a completed work, and compare accredited "State- Paper" documents with the biographer's charming story. That such verdict will bo a favourable one, Mr. Irving's well-known conscientiousness as a historian forbids us to doubt. In the mean time, there can be no impropriety in our remarking that the biographer has well merited the gratitude of his countrymen for transporting the illustrious commander from the learned austerity of the Senate- Chamber, and the chilling dignity of Congressional Li- braries, to the domestic familiarity of the parlour and the winter-evening fireside of the cottage. Reviews of the early vols, of the Life of Washington will bo found,-— of vol. I., in Westminster Kev., Oct. 1855 ; vol. iii., Ibid., Oct. 1856; vols, i., ii., iii., Lon. Athenajum, Aug. 16, 1856; i., i:., iii., N. Amer. Rev., July, 1S56. As every thing concerning Washington Irvine may be presumed to be interesting to the reader, we quote the following genealogical scrap from Dennistoun's Memoirs of bir Robert Strange: i„'n''r'"' "'■ ''^L" ''■1* ^""i'^i possessions in the parish of Holm, In Orkney in 1438, when the county w.is still an appanage of the crown of Denmark and Norway. The Irvines of Sebav are very frequently mentioned in the times of Kobert and Patrick Ste^ya,•t, iarls of Orkney, and suffered very severely from the outrages of these rapacious nobles They became extinct in the direct male linefem^M-eCharlesI.; but one collateral branch had immediately before settled in the island of Sanday. and another, the Irvines of Gairstay, in be island of Shapinshay. They lost the estate of Oairst-iy several generations back, and sank do"wn into the condi- tion of mere peasants, tenants of Quhome. where .some of them reside at this day I was there lately with Mr. Balfour, the pr^ p letor of bhapinshay, who pointed out the old and modest house at Quhome where was born William Irvine, father of WashinRton .h'',°,?;i,„ 'rS >^?°!™''?' singular that Sir Kobert Strange and ^^ ""'^°';,"f Bracebridge Hall can be almost demonstrated of the same blood? 1 gutss if Irving knew his pedigree could be traced S^fl J^^H- "l T '" -'"J." '^'■"■■™ "f 1^3S, he would readUy claim and vindicate his Orcadian descent." In addition to the authorities quoted in the course of this article, see also Homes of American Authors: Gris- wold s Prose Writers of America : Duvckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. ; Sketch of Irving, by H. T. Tuckcrmnn ;" Miss liremers Impressions of America; Madden's Life of the Countess of Blessington ; II. B. Wallace's Literary Criti- cisms; Edin. Rev., l.'ii.23; Blackw. Mag., xiv. 664 ; Fra- sers Mag., iv 435, xii. 409; South. Quar. Rev., viii. 69; South. Lit. Mess viii. 275 : Amer. Whig. Rev., xii. 602, , ■'' i' r/ V; '^ Democrat. Rev., ix. 573 : Iljid., xxi. 488, (In; P. H Mayer ;) United States Lit. Gaz., i. 177 ; N.York Lclec. Mag., xv. 412 ; Best. Chris. Rev., .xv. 203 ; Bost. Liv Age, xliv. ,23, (Irom Lon. Spectator.) We have already rclerred to Lord Byron's enthusiastic attachment to th'e writings and character of Irving, (Life of Lord Byron in this Dictionary.) In a letter to Tom Moore, (Ravenna, July 5, 1S21,) he remarks ing in genius of the most ele- -SirArcuibald Alison: Hist. of him'n!;fclf „^/i'' '■'•'^''''°'', °'' ^"°"'' '*'■■■ I""g's. • ■ ■ and talked with him much of Irving, whose writings are my deli.'ht " Again, under date of Sept. 24. 1821, he pr^oposes to Mur- ray as one of the articles of their future correspondence, that he should not send him " any modern, or (as they are called) new, publications, in E„ylM. wl,alsoem; save and e-xcepting any of Walter Scott, Crabbe, . . . Irving, (the American.)" Ac. " ^ '•The names of Cooper, Channing, and -n-ashington Irvine" thXIh' fm* hLtorLan of Modern jfurope, "amply demimst?ae that the American soil is not want ir ' • " ■ Tated and fascinating character. Europe, I7!n9-1!-I6, chap. Ixxvi. Mr Stewart, of the American Navy, a friend of the pre- sent Emperor of France, tells us that, when in New York Louis Napoleon declined to "appear in society," but adds • denf ii" v!.w V ''""'".'■'^'■•' ■■''■■laiked the prince, 'individuals resil M?\v ^ , 't "?'°"'; acquaintance I should be happy to make, hi Jl M *^'™ '':"■''' ■' °°*'- I ^''^<' '•™'J I"'^ '"'ks .Sd admire him both as a writer and a man, and would take great pleasure in meeting him. Chancellor Kent is another. 1 have studied hU Commentaries, think highly of them, and regard him as the first °'i!T ,■"■!;""'; ^ r'""''^ '"^ '■"PPy *" "-now him personalU.- •• He did make the acquaintance both of Mr. Irving .and the Chancellor,' continues Mr. Stewart, "and enjoyed the hospiTaliTy of the one at Sunnyside, and of the other at his residence in Na^ronll^Srint';: '■ '■ *■''"""■'' '">•• ^'"'^' ^•'■" '• 1^^^' '° t^e How many can echo this remark of Napoleon '• miro him both as a writer ami as a man true, to borrow the words of an e 344 'lad- It is indeed eminent American poet, IRV . *1 Amiableness is so strongly marked in all Mr. Irving's writlnn as never to let you forget the man : and the pleasure is doubled in the same manner as it is in lively conversation with one for whom you have a deep attachment and esteem. There is in it also the gayety and airiness of a light, pure spirit.— a fanciful plavinjt with common things, and here and there beautiful touches till the ludicrous becomes half picturesque."— KiCH.tRii II Dim «r ■ V Amer. Ren., ix. 336, Sept. 1S19. " " ' ' ' ' ' If Mr. Dana were called upon to reaffirm the above, after forty years, and over the large pile of volumes which Mr. Irving has since given to the world, we are satisfied that he would do it without a moment's hesitation. Many years ago Edward Everett advised the' young aspirant after literary distinction, "If ho wishes to study a style which posses.ses the characteristic beauties of Addison s. lis ease, simplicity, and eleg.ince, with greater accuracy, point, and spirit, let him give his days and nights to the volumes of Irving."- A". Amer. Rev., sli. 4, July. 1S35. Young men have followed this advice most sedulously; and, indeed, a number of years before this counsel was penned, Mr. Irving's example had produced wonders : "The great effect which it has produced is suflicientlv evident already, m the number of good writers, in various forms k elegant literature, who have sprung up among us within the few /ears which have elapsed since the appearance of Mr. Irving, and who justify our preceding remark, that he may fairly be considered as the founder of a school."— Alexa-Ndee U.EVEREIT: X Amer Rm xxviii. 111. Jan. IS29. ' ■> "Heretofore the essays of Washington Irving have offered a solitary specimen of the lighter literature of America, but we can now only regard Geoffrey Crayon as the founder of a class of wri- ters, who follow closely in his footsteps."— Court Journal- Notice oj Mories of American Life, edited by ilary Russell Miifard. These remarks applies to both sides of the water. If an English reviewer desire to pay an especially handsome compliment to an author,— presuming that the ease admits of a likeness being instituted at .all,— he is very likely to be strongly reminded of the style of the author of The Sketch- Book. Let us cite some instances. The author of the article on George Colman and Bonnel Thornton's Connois- seur, in Chambers's Cyclopedia of English Literature, quotes a passage from an essay on Country Churches, " which," says the critic, " seems like a leaf from the note- book of Washington Irving." The reviewer in the London New Times remarks, of the author of Tales of a Voyager, that his "humour is of the spirit and quality of Washinf- ton Irving." The London Gentleman's Magazine says that in the perusal of The Jimrnal of an Exile " we have frequently been reminded of the style and manner of The Sketch-Book,— the same pathos, the same originality of thought, the same felicity of expression." The London Monthly Review is so delighted with The Lucubrations of Major Humphrey Ravelin, that it declares that "many of the practised writers must/«/; into the rear, in competition with Major Ravelin, who must stand mmter with Geoffrey Crayon." The London Spectator, in a notice of the Auto- biography of Hugh Miller, rem.arks that "his style has a purity and elegance which reminds one of Irving and Goldsmith." One of the most distinguished of American authors is not disposed to think that any of Irving's imi- tators have equalled their master; at least, this was his opinion at the time he penned the article from which we are about to quote : "The candour with which the English have recognised Mr Irving's literary merits is equally honorable to both pa'rties. while his genius has experienced a still more unequivocal homage in the countless imitations to which he has given rise: imita'tions whose uniform failure, notwithstanding all the appliances of .ac- complishment and talent, prove their model to be inimitable"— ^llLLiAM II. Prescott: N. Amer. Rev., xxxv. 191-192. July, 1832. It is only proper to remark that Mr. Prescott has no reference, so far as we arc aware, to either of the com- parisons cited above. They were collected by ourselves in the course of desultory reading. Washington Irvin"' indeed, can never be confounded with the host of his imi- tators, abroad or at home. His literary reputation rests upon sure foundations,— broad, deep, well settled, and immutable. As regards his own country, "Other writers may no doubt arise in the course of time, who "..,*,, I .' 'S.^erse or prose a more commanding talent, and soar a still loftier flight in the empyrean sky of gl,.rv. Some western Homer, Shakspeare, Milton, Corneille. or Caldei'on. may irradiate our literary world with a flood of splendour that shall' throw all other greatness into the shade. This, or something like it niiv or may not happen; but, even if it should, it can never be disputed that the mild and beautiful genius of Jlr. Irving was the Mornini Star th.at led up the march of our heavenly host : and that he has a fair right, much fairer certainly than the great Mantnan to .a.ssume the proud device, rrimiis ego in pa()-ii!m."— Alexandek U. hvEEETT: K. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 110, Jan. 1829. As respects Mr. Irving's fame abroad, it is certainly true, as Mr. Prescott remarks, that his merits have been— from the first, we will add— warmly acknowledged by British critics and cordially appreciated by British readers. IRV JAC The circulation of his delightful volumes is hj no means confined to the literary circles of the critics : ''To my pnor cottage, rich only in printed paper," remarks an accomplished lady, '-people all come to borrow books ti)r them- selves or for their children. Sometimes they make thsir own selections: sometimes, much ai^ainst my will, tbev leave the choice to me ; and in either case I know no books that are oftener lent than those that bear the pseudonym of Geoti'rcy Crayon. Few, very few, can show a long succession of volumes so pure, so grace- ful, and so varied as Mr. Irving." — Jilari/ Eus^dl Mitford's Jiecol- Uctions of a Lit'irary Life. Such a triljuto as this must he peculiarly grateful to Mr. Irving. "It is excellent," says Isabella to the haughty duke, " to have a giant's strength ;" but there is a rarer and more precious gift. To have the power, by the magic of the inspiration of genius, to elevate the mind and to improve the heart, — to cause the rich to forget their covct- ousness and the poor their poverty, — to while away the tedious hours of declining age, of bodily pain, or mental disquietude, — this is indeed a gift more excellent than the giant's strength, the victor's laurel, or the conqueror's crown; and this honour has Washington Irving, — the author of The Sketch-Book and The Alhambh.v, the biograjiher of CoLU>rBu.s and of Washington. Irving, William, Irri6-1S2T, a native of the city of New Yorli, a brother of Washington Irving, was engaged in mercantile business in the place of his birth for a num- ber of years, and from ISl.'i to '19 was a member of the National Congress. In 179.3 he was married to a sister of James K. Paulding, and assisted him and Washing- ton Irving in the composition of Salmagundi, — noticed at length in the preceiling article. To this popular pe- riodical William contril)uted the poetry, and hints and sketches for s.mie of the essays. Of tlio other three bro- thers of Washington Irving, Ebenezer, born in 1776, is still living, (in 1sd7,) and resides with Washington Irving at Sunnyside; Peter, born in 1771, died in 1S38; and John Treat, born in 1778, died in 1S38, The last two have been noticed or an earlier page of our Dictionary, Irvinus, Anyliie, Irvine or Irving. Irwin, Viscountess. See HoWAiin. Anne. _ Irwin, Eyles, 1748-1817, of the £. India Co., a na- tive of Calcutta, of Irish parents, pub. a number of poems, letters, Ac, 1771-1S14, and the following work, by which he is best known : Series of Adventures in the Course of a Voyage up the Red Sea, in Letters to a Lady, ic, Lon., I7S0, 4to,- 3d ed., 1787, 2 vols. 8vo. '• Cliiefly valuable for the information which his personal adven- tures necessarily give of the manners, &c, of the Aj-abians." — .S^e- veTlson^s Voyages and 2'ravd^. Irwin, F. C. Western Australia in 1835, Lon., 8vo. Irwin, li. Soap-Suds Manure; Nic. Jour., 1808. Irwin, Thomas. Versicles, Dubl., 185(5. ''The poetry of Irwin is rich, soft, and musical: indeed, one of its greatest faults is exuberance." — Irish Quur. Jiev., Jan. lSo6. Isaac, John. 1. Gospel Doctrine of Free Grace, 1788, 12mo. 2. The General Apiarian, 1799, 12mo. Isaack, Thomas. Methodus Cognoscendi, 1650, 12mo. Isaacs, Mrs. Novels and Tales, 1809-16, ic. Isaacs, Uyams. i'orms, Ac. of the Jews, Lon., 1834, Svo. Isaacson, Henry, 1581-1634, a native of London. Tabula Uistorico-Chronologica, Lon., 1 633, fol. His works were subsequently pub. in Svo, containing the Life of Bp. Andrews, &c. Isdell, Miss Sarah. A novel, &c., Lon., 1809-11. Isham, Rev. Chester. Sermons. Reviewed in N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec, vii. 623 ; viii. 176. A biography of Mr. Isham, by L. Bacon, will be found in the same periodical, vii. 611. Isham, John. OflSce for the Sick, Lon., 1694, Svo. Isham, W. The Mud Cabin; or. The Character and Tendency 6f British Institutions, N. York, 1853, 12mo. Ishara, Zachens, d. 1705, Preb. of Canterbury, 1691. Notes on Job, Proverbs, and Wisdom, and Serms., 1695- 1705. Itchener, Rev. George. Elegiac Tears, 1766, 4to. Itchener, Rev. Wm. Defence of the Canon of the Old Testament, Lon., 1723, Svo. Ive, Panl. 1. Instructions for the Warrcs, Lon., 1589, 4to. 2. Pi-actice of Fortification. 1589, '9y, 4to. Ive, Thomas. Humble Appeal, 1654, 4to. Ivcrs, F. F. Prince of Asluri:is, Lon., 1844, Svo. Ivers, II. Trials of a Priest, Lon., 1855, 12mo. Ivery, John. Hertfordshire Melody, 1773, Svo. Ives, A. E. Parting Counsel; a Farewell Serm., Bost., 1855. Ives, Charles. Chips from the Workshop; a Collec- tion of Poems, N. Haven, 1848, 12mo. Ives, Cornelius. 25 Serms. for a Country Congre- gation, O.tf., 1832, cr. Svo. "Admirably adajited to the purpose for which they were -writ- ten." — Zoii. Cltnu. Jtemt"nih. Ives, E. Books on Musical Education, N. York. Ives, Edward, a surgeon, d. 1780. Voyage from Enghand to India in 1754, Lon., 1773, 4to. Ives, Edward O. Remarks on Oude, ic, Lon., 1796, 4to. Ives, J. M. New England Fruit-Book, Bost. Ives, Jeremy. Theolog. treatises, 1658-72. Ives, John, 1751-76, a native of Y'armouth, pub. some antiquarian papers, and Remarks upon the Garianonum of the Romans, Lon., 1774, Svo. See Nichols's Anec. ; Noble's College of Arms; Granger's Letters, by Malcolm; Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Ivii., Ixiii. Ives, Levi, M.D., 1750-1S26, of New Haven, Conn., was one of the conductors of Cases and Observations, pub. at New Haven, and said to he the first medical journal ever pub. in the U. States. Ives, Levi Silliman, D.D., LL.D., late Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in North Carolina, now a member of the R. Catholic Church. 1. A Catechism, N. York, ISmo, 2 Pts, 2. Manual of Devotion, 12mo. 3. Five Serins, on The Apostles' Doctrine and Fellowship, 16ino. 4. Humility a Ministerial Qualification: an Ad- dress, 1840, Svo. 5. Serms. on the Obedience of Faith, 1849, ISmo. 6. The Trials of a Mind in its Progress to Catholicism : a Letter to his Old Friends, Bost., 1S53, 12mo; Lon., 1S54, p. Svo. A review of some of Bp. Ives's ser- mons will be found in Princeton Rev., svii. 491. Ivimey, Joseph, a Baptist minister. 1. Life of John Bunyau, 1809, 12mo. 2. Bunyau's Pilgrim's Progress, with Notes. See Bunvan, John. 3. Serm., 1809, 8v"o. 4. Hist, of the English Baptists, Lon., 1811-23, 3 vols. Svo. " Highly creditable to yourself and to the denomination to which you beli)ng." — Jiobert Ball to Oie author, oti t/m first two vols See Hall's \Vork8, ed. 1S63, ii. 44.3, n. ; v. 521-523. Ivimey also wrote The Life and Times of John Milton, The Life of Rev. W. KiflSn, and some other works. See Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Joa. Ivimey, by Geo. PritcharJ, 1S35, Svo. Ivisou, Ursula. A Poem, Lon., 1794, '98, Svo. Ivory, James, 1765-1842, a celebrated mathemati- cian, a native of Dundee, Scotland, contributed a number of valuable papers, (1796-1816,) on his favourite branch of investigation, to Trans. Soc. Edin., Phih Trans., and Thom. Ann. Philos. See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen; Wjitt's BibL Brit.; Marquis of Northampton's Address to the Roy. Soc, 1842; Lord Brougham's Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., 1S56, iii. 183-195. Ivoryy. Forms of Process before the Ct. of Sess. and the Com", of Feuds, Edin., 1815-18, 2 vols. Svo. Ixt'urd, Noah. Purging, Lon., 1690, 12mo. Izacke, Richard, 1624-17UU, a native of Exeter. 1. Remarkable Antiquities of the City of Exeter, Lon. 1677 Svo; 1681, Svo; 1722, Svo; 1724, Svo; 1734, Svo. Con- tinued to 1723 by his son, Samuel Izacke, — Lowndes says in 1724 or 1731, Svo; according to Watt, 1741, Svo. "A dry collection, and full of mistakes." — Bp. White Kennet. 2. Alphabet. Register, Ac, 1736, Svo. 3. Rights and Privileges of the Freemen of Exeter, Exeter, 1785, sm. 4to. Izard, Ralph, an eminent American statesman. Sena- tor of the United States from South Carolina from 1789 to '95. Correspondence from 1774 to 1804, with a short Memoir, Bost., 1844, vol. i., 12mo. Reviewed in Democratic Rev., xi.x. 40. No man enjoyed the confidence of General Washington in a higher degree than Ralph Izard. J. Jabet, Wm., Lect. of St Bartholomew's Chapel, Bir- mingham. IS Serms., Lon., 1787, Svo. Jack, Lt.-Col. Six Views of Kot Kangra, Lon., 1847, fol. Jack, or Jachaeus, Gilbert, 1578-1628, Prof, of Philos. at Leyden, was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland. 1. Institutioncs Physica; Juvcntutis Lugdunensis Studiis po. tissimum dicatse, 1612; again, with notes, 1616. 2. In- stitutioncs Medico, Lugd. Bat., 1624, '31, '53, 12mo. See Chambers aud Thomson's Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, 9Ji JAC JAC Jack, or Jachaeus, Thomas, d. 1596, minister of Eastwood, &.C., a Scotsman. Onomasticon PoeticuQi, ^iuo Propriurum qnibus in suis Monumentis vsi sunt veteres Poetai breuis Descriptio poetica, Edinburgi, 1592. 4to. This rare and curious book should not escape the biblio- grapher. Pee McCrie'g Life of Melville. Jack, Richard, Teacher of Mathematics. 1. Ele- ments of Cuuic Sections, Edin., 1742, Svo. 2. Mathemat. Principles of Theology; or, the Existence of God Geo- metrically Demonstrated, Lon., 1747, Svo. "A curious and excellent work." — Dr. Apam Ci-\kke. . 3. Euclid's Data Restored, Lon., 1756, Svo. Jackman, Rev. J. Theolog. treatises, 1705-19. Jackson. Art of Engraving, Ac, Lon., 1754, 4to. Commended as a curious and ingenious work. Jacksou, Mrs. Dialogues on Christianity, 1S06, 2 vols. Svo. Jackson, Miss, Pictorial Flora, Lon., 1S40, Svo. Jacksou, Abraham. 1. Sorrow's Lenitive: in verse, Lon., 1614, Svo. 2. Serm., 1618, Svo. 3. The Pious Prentice, 1040, Svo. Jackson, Alfred. Tints from an Amateur's Palette, Lon., 1S49, fp. Svo. Jacksou, Alverey. Saving Faith, Lon., 1752, Svo. Jackson, Andrew, d. 1778, aged S3, a Loudon book- seller. 1. Paradise Lost, Book Ist: in rhyme, 1740. 2. Matrimonial Scenes, modernized from Chaucer, 1750. 3. In conjunction with Charles Marsh, A Briefe Conceipte touching the Commonweale of this Rcalme of England, by Wm.Shakspeare, the dramatist; originally printed in 1581; reprinted 1751. The contents of Jackson's book-cata- logues for 1756, '57, '59, and one without date, were in rhyme. See Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1S54, p. 69. Jackson, Major-General Andrew, 1767-1845, a native of South Carolina, President of the United States, 1S29-37. His Farewell Address, with his Will, and 25 Eulogies and Serms. delivered on occasion of his Death, Pbila., 1846, 12mo. The Life of Genl. Jackson has been ■written by J. H. Eaton, 1824, Svo, Wm. Cobbett, 1S34, ISino, J. S. Jenkins, Amos Kendall, S. P. Waldo, &c. For notices of his administration, see Williams and Los- sing's National Hist, of the U. States; Williams's States- man's Manual; Poole's Index to Period. Lit.; histories of the period. Jackson, ArthHr,1593-lG66,aNon-eonformist,ejected from the living of St. Faith's in 1662. 1. A Help for the Understanding of the Holy Scriptures; or, Annotations on the Historicall Part of the Old Test.: vol, i., Camb., 1643, 4to; The Pentateuch: vol. ii., 1646, 4to; Joshua — Es- ther: vol. iii., Lon., 165S, 4to; Job — Song of Solomon. 2. Annotations upon the Whole Book of Isaiah j with Me- moir of the Author, pub. by his son, 1682, 4to. "These annotations are nut prttlix or critical; but they are in general very much to the purjiuse. Considering the period in which the author lived, they are tolerably well written; and, as works on the historical parts of the Old Testament are nut very numerous, Mr. Jackson's help ouglit not to be despised."' — Orme's Bibl. Bib. See also Calamy's Non-Conformist's Memorial. Jackson, Major Basil. 1. Military Surveying, Lon.. iSoS. '41, Svo. 2. Elementary Surveying, 1S42, Svo. Jackson, Charles. Sufferings and Escape, 1S02, Svo. Jackson, Charles, LL.D., 1775-1S55, a native of Newburyport, grad. at Harvard College, 1793; removed to Boston, Mass., about 1810; Judge ot the Supreme Ct. of Massachusetts, 1813-24. Treat, on the Pleadings and Prac. in Real Actions; with Precedents of Pleadings, Bost., 3828, Svo. This excellent work (cited as Jackson on Real Actions) should accompany Stearncs's and Roseue's on tlic game subject. See Hoff. Leg. Stu., 282 ; 1 Amer. Jur., 185, ii. 65 ; Kent's Com. Judge Jackson was the chairman of the committee which revised the Statute Laws of Massa- chusetts. See Pref. to Revised Statutes of Mass. *'IIe was an admirable person, a thorough lawyer, an almost perfect judge, and a good man." — Geo. S. IIillard: in a letter to tlie author of thi^ JXctionary. See also N. Amer. Kev.,xlvi. 72, by Mr. IlUlard. Jackson, Charles T., M.D., b. at Plymouth. Mass., 1S05. grad. M.D. at Harvard Univ. 1S29. 'l. Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia. Cambridge. Mass.. 1832, Svo: in conjunction with Francis Alger. 2. First Report on tho Oeologj of the State of Maine, Augusta. Me., 1837, Svo. 3. First Report on the Geology of the Public Lands in the State of Maine, Bost, 1837. Nos. 2 and 3 are noticed in N. Amer. Rev., slv. 240-24?. 4. Second Report on the Geology of the State of Maine. Augusta, Me., 1838, Svo. Noticed in N. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 241-244. 5. Second An- nual Report on the Geology of tho Public Lands of Maine and Massachusetts, 1838, 'Svo. 6. Third Report on the 946 ^ Geology of Maine, 1839, Svo. 7. Report on the Geology and Agrieult. Survey of R. Island, Rost., 1840, Svo. 8. First Report on the Geology of N. Hampshire, 1841, Svo. Dr. Jackson's contributions to science have been rewarded by orders of merit from the sovereigns of France, Prussia, Turkey, Sweden, and Sardinia. Jackson, Rev. E. D. 1. Comp. to the Liturgy, Lon. 2. Devotional Year. 1S3S, Svo. 3. Scripture Hist.;*1847. Jackson, Frederick, Incumbent of Parson Drove, Isle of Ely. Praet. Serms., 2 ser.. l?mo. 1851-53. "A score of excellent sermons. The historical parts contain a good deal of unassuming eloqut-uce. They are worthy ot frequent perusal." — CIntrch and State (gazette. Jackson, George. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1810, Jackson, George. Stanzas, 1S12. Svo. Jackson, George. Educational works, Lon., 1847-55. Jackson, Hali, M.D., d. 1797, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, pub. a tract on the Malignant Sore Throat which prevailed 1784-86. See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biug. Jackson, Henry. Longitude, S. K BrydgesS Phillips's T/iad. Poet. Annl'ic, pp. 1., Ix.xvii. q.v. J f Jacob's own dramas— Love in a Wood, a Farce 1714 12mo, and The Soldier's L.ast Stake, a Comedy— gained their author no distinction; and the latter was ridiculed by Dr. Sewel. 3. New Law Dictionary, 1729, fol.; 11th ed., 1797, 2 7, ^ i°- , J;"'' •■""^ '"'"' '^''- ^y Sir T. E. Tomline, edited T>i^ "^^cJT^"'^'^^ ^y"^- C- Granger, 1825, 2 vols. 4to; Phila., 1836, 3 vols. Svo. "For practical purposes Bouvier's Law Dictionary is in every re- leet much to be preferred to the Enelish work."lj/„r,„-„v.r^„ JAD - ... ,-.... ..._^. i,.,i,,u3ea Duuviers L,aw uictionarv is in everv re- MbUmt P'-'^f""') to 'be English work."lj/«n.m'/Lj,. 4. Law Grammar, 1749 ; 8th ed., by John Hargrave, 1840 12mo See Poetical Register; Biog. Dramat,; Bridgman's Leg. Bibl.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Wallace's Reporters: Do- naldsons Agricult. Biog.; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors. Ihis voluminous author did not escape the compliments ol the great satirist of the age : ■•Jacob, the scourge of Gramm.ir, mark with awe, Hot less revere the blunderbuss of law." T„„„i. XI , . , ^"ncinrf. b. iii. 1. 149. Jacob, Henry, d. in Virginia soon after 1624, founder 01 the first Independent Congregational Church in Eng- land, was a native of Kent, educated at St. Mary's Hall Oxford, and obtained the benefice of Cheriton, in Kent He pub. a Treatise on the Sufi'erings and Victorie of Christ Lon., 159S, Svo, a Defence of the same, 1000, 4to, and several theolog. works, for an account of which see Genl Diet ; Athen. O.xon.; Strype's Life of Whitgift. Jacob's treatise, noticed above, was the first answer to Bp. Bilson's berms. on Redemption, preached in 1597, pub. 159S, Svo. See BiLsoN, TH0.MAS. Jacob, Henry, 1606 or '07-1652, son of the preceding was the author of Oratio Inauguralis, Grreca et Latina Poemata, English Poetry, Ac, (all pub. by Heary Birkhead, . ?"' ^'' ""'' ''''^' ^""^^ 'earned treatises in MS. See Athen. 0.icon. ; Biog. Brit., art. Dickinson. Jacob, Henry. Hebrew Grammar, 1810 Svo 410*^"**' '^•^•''''"■^"'l- Bedlam; a Poem, Lou., 1723, Jacob, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1678-79 Jacob, John. Annals of the British Norman Isles Lon., imp. Svo. Jacob, Joseph. Serms., 1702, '05, both 4to. See Bogue and Bennett's Hist, of Dissenters; Lon. Quar. Rev., i. 118, (by Robt. Southey.) '^■■'w'J,''."'''*?^''- Wl'eel-Carriages, Ac., Lon., 1773, 74, both 4to. bee Donaldson's Agricult. Biog Jacob, itt The Days, Months, and Seasons of the lear, Lion., iyo.j, sq. of ^^';u'''t"'" ^^..^ ^"^ ^^"'^ ^^"'■'^^ -"^ "'^ Plurality ot Worlds, Lon., 1855, fp. Svo. Jacob, William, d. 1851, aged 89, at one time a Lon- don merchant, and M.P. from 1808-12. pub. Travels in tlie f.v'^^i!)- 'r !° 'I ^*"''-"' '"°' I'™" !»"• (favourably reviewed in Edm. Rev., .xviii. 123-152,) and several treatises on subjects of Political Economy, among which are--l Two Reports on the Tr.ade in Corn, and The Agricult. of the .%','' of Europe, 1S26-27, fob; printed by H. of C. .„„M,,'°'"',ir'*""'' 'r''°"''° " e™' '■eil of valuable information re- .bf'p^° ?°1"'7 '",'° *'»'= Production and Consumption of the Precious Metals, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. Undertaken at the suggestion ot Mr. Huskisson, who assisted the author' , Ihou^ perhaps the best on the subject, this work is very de- I T-'^hT!' J,\ ^^, 'o^o'^'^,^ and some of its defidencies pointed out, su ra SI Edinburgh Review,"-McCunocH : uul Yet the work is highly commended by the Edin. Rev the Lon. Quar. Rev., the Times, and the Spectator. See HusKisso.-., -iVlLLlAM, M.P. A Biography of Mr. Jacob bidL^ Rl 1 '" b""- ^"V- "^^^S-' ^l"^' 18»2. See also index to Blackw. Mag., vols, i.-l Jacobs, Frederic. 1. First Greek Reader, with Notes by Edwards, Lon., 12mo. 2. Latin Reader, Pt. 1, 15th ed. 1855, 12mo; Pt. 2, 9th ed. 1855, 12mo. .3. Hellas; or, the Home Hist., A-c. of the Greeks, 1855, fp. Svo Jacobs, Sarah S., aresidentof Cambridgeport, Mass., ^s a native of Rhode Island, and the daughter of the late Kev. Bela Jacobs a Baptist minister. Miss Jacobs is the author o a number of poems not yet collected, some of which will be found m Griswold's Female Poets of America. Miss Jacobs has recently pub. a vol. entitled Nonnntura and Natick, Mass. S. S. Soc, Eost., 1854, 12mo. This is a history, in a popular style, of the New England Indian tribes, with a sketch of the missionary labours of John bhot, the Apostle to the Indians. It has been commended. l„;i'"'i? J n Scenes, Incidents, and Adventures in the I acihc Ocean, under Capt. B. Morrell, N. York, 12mo. 0.1, ,*','*' ^''"- '• ^''"" Iie:iJer. by Edwards: Pt. 1, 9h ed., 843, 12,no; Pt. 2, 6th cJ., 1839, 12mo. B^ M.-iJor; 2d ed., 1842, fp. Svo. 2. Mysteries of the Latiu Language Revealed, 1840, 12mo. 3. Self-Instructing Latin Classics, 1842, 2 vols. 12mo. 4. Do. Grammar, 1843ri2mo. Jacobson, James. Tobias, a Dramatic Poem; with other pieces, ISIS, fp. Svo. p*'f'=°Vv°"? ^^™-' Vicar of Ewelme, 1847; Regius Prof, of Divinity, Cxford, 1848; Canon of Christ Chu?ch • formerly \ ice- Principal of Magdalene Hall, Oxf , and Per^ petual Curate of Ifflcy. 1. Patres Apostolici, O.xf., 1S40 2 vols Svo; 3d ed., 1847, 2 vols. Svo. Reviewed in Edin at Ifiiey; 2d ed., 1846, 12mo. Jacobus, flielaucthon Williams, D.D., b. 1816, at Newark, N.J., Prof, of Oriental and Biblical Literature and Exegesis m the Western Theological Seminary, Pres- byterian Church 1. Letters to Bishop O'Connor and Gov. Bigler on the Public School Controversy. 2. Notes on the Gospels and Acts, N. York, 1849-52, 3 vols. 12mo. Vol .. contains Matthew, with the harmony; vol. ii., Mark and Luke; vol ni., Jubn and Acts. 3. Question-Books de- signed to accompany the preceding three vols m,'.nta;,f,.'f;'r;'','i'' '"""""f ? ■"•■"'>■ 4uaimcutions for a successful com- mentatoi on the sacred Scriptures. To a mind vigorous bv original ^ot^o?ahi'.ir'otder''"'"'^^"'""'f°f■="'=^'=''''^-'»g•--"^^^^ powers ot a high order, a sound judgment, a severe liferarv ta.st,. a deep-toned piety, an earnest love of truth, a fammarity with^Bn; « suS ItT; "f T'°r- f™ P"^*"-"" obse^atton ; wW^ the stje in which he clothes his thoughts is clear, strong comnacu aud epigrammatic. HLs plan has some novel fiatures wS en hance the value of his labours."-S,W,v,w,„a Sucra ™ lUe. .yithor, by his learning, taste, and skill, is eminently qnali- Jacocks, A. B. General Features of the Moral Government of God, Bost., 1848, 12mo. Jacomb, Ilobert. Serm., Lon., 1785, Svo Jacomb, Thomas, D.D., 1622-1687, ejected from the living ot St. Martin, Ludgate, for Non-conformity, 1662 He was one of the continuators of Poole's Annotations! He pub. a Treatise Of Holy Dedication, Lon., 1088 Svo • three single serms., 1657; and 18 Serms. on Rom. vii. 1-4* "His sermons are cle.ir. solid, and aflectionate."— Da W KiiEa Jacomb, Wm. Throe Serms., 1719-36 Jacque, James. System of the World, Lon., 1800 Jacyucs, Alexander, Jr., b. in London, 1830, a D™agoa^B:;,'t56.'''"'""' " ''^ ''''"'"' "' " ''<"^'''' «" Jacques, John. Ordination by meer Presbyters proved void and null, Lou., 1707 8vo i-resDyters tbp''R'"*r'''', **'"!•*. '^™°'- <"■ ^' ^- F'-ancke's Guide to the Reading A,., of the beriptures, with Life of the Author, jLon., 1815, Svo. ' r,r/''T'""'.'''"";''"'="° f""* above work] deserves to be often read. It contains the best rules fur studying the Scriptures that I ever remember to have seen.'--DR. Doddridge. ^"^""^'^^ """ ' Mr. Samuel Jackson has recently favoured us with a rans. of Guericke s Life of the e.^cellent Francke, Lon., li>.J7, l^mo Jacques also pub. a book on Arithmetic and Education'' '" ^"^' """^ "" ^''"^ °" InteUectual Jacquin, J. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755 Jadis, Henry. Catalogue of some Books in his Library, Lon., lS26,r. Svo. Privately printed. Pp. 37-48 comprise Shakesperiana : a complete collection of the JAE JAM Books and Pamphlets relative to Shakespeare. Notices of JVIr. Jadis's valuable Library will be found in Dibdin's Lib. Cuiup., ed. 1825, 388-389, 394, 396, 815, Jaeger, Professor B. 1. Class-Book of Zoology, N. Yurk, ISmo. Highly commended. 2. The Life of N. American Insects, Providence. R.I., Svo. In this work Prof. J. was assisted by II. C. Preston, M.D. Jagel, Abr. Catcchis. Judceorum, Lon., 1696, fol. Jager, Robert, Decimals, Lon., 1651, Svo. Jago, Richard, 1715-1781, son of the Rev. Richard Jago, (Rector of Bcaudesert, Warwickshire.) was educated at University College, Oxford, and presented successively to the livings of Harbury. Chesterton, Suitterfiehl, and Kimcote. He was the author of two sermons, 1755, Svo, 1763, Svo; Edgehill. a Poem, 1767. 4to; Labour and Ge- nius; or, The Mill-Stream and the Cascade, a Kable, 1768, 4to; an Elegy on Blackbirds, pub. in the Adventurer as Gilbert West's; and other poetical pieces. A collective edit, of his Poems, with an account of the author's life, was pub. in 1784, Svo, by .John Scott Hylton. Jago was a poet of some merit, and, what is still more to his credit, an excellent parish priest. See his life, by llylton; John- sou and Clialmers's Brit. Poets; Nichols's Lit. Anec. Jagoe, J. Legal publications, Lon., 1846-51. Jakob, Therese A. JL, Von. See Robinson, Mrs. Edward. James I., King of Scotland, 1395-1437, the second Bon of King Robert III., was captured hy an English cruiser when on his way to France in 14U6, and kept a prisoner in England until 1423, when he ascended the Scottish throne. He was assassinated by some rebellious subjects at Perth in 1437. He employed his imprisonment to such good purpose as to become famous for his erudition and manifold accomplishments. As an author he is best known by The King's Qubair, (Book,} consisting of 197 seven-lined stanzas, and elicited by the charms of the Lady Jane Beaufort, of the blood-royal of England, whom he beheld in the garden from his window in Windsor Castle. Need we add that the restoration to freedom left the royal wooer still a captive, and that the Lady Jane became Queen of Scotland ? The other poems ascribed to him are Christis Kirk of the Grene; (also attributed to James V.;) Peblis to the Play, (doubtful;) Falkland on the Grene, a Song on Absence, and some minor pieces. The Poetical Remains of James I., edited by Wm. Tytler, were pub., Edin., 1783, Svo, The Works of James I., contain- ing the three poems noticed above, with two others gene- rally ascribed to King James V., — The Gaberlunzie Man, and the Jollie Beggar, — were pub. at Perth, 1786, ll'mo. Tytler's edit, is accused, by Ritson and others, of many errors. The poems of James will also be found in Sib- bald's Chronicles of Scottish Poetry. It is alleged that portions of The King's Quhair are superior to any poetry produced in England, with the exception of Chaucer's, before the age of Elizabeth. Indeed, Ellis says, "It is full of simplicity and feeling, and is uot inierior in poetical merit to any similar production of Chaucer.'" — Spec, of tlie Early Eng. I'oets, ed. 1S45, L ^14. Uallam remarks that "The King's Quhair is a long allegory, polished and imaginative, but with some of the tediousuess usual in such productions." — Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1864, i. 126. But perhaps no one has better described the author and his poem than Washington Irving, in the article entitled A Royal Poet, in the Sketch-Book. This admirable sketch — which was declared by Lockhart (Blackwood's Mag., vi. 55y, Feb. 1820J to be "infinitely more graceful than any piece of American writing that ever came from any other hand, and well entitled to be classed with the best English writings of our day" — is, or ought to be, familiar to all of our readers. "1 have been particularly interested," remarks Irving, after a visit to the prince's former prison in Windsor Castle, "by those parts of the ijoem which breathe his immediate thoughts concern- ing his situation, or which are connected with the apartment in the Tower. They have thus a personal and local charm, and are given with such cirtuDistantial truth as to make the reader present with the captive in his prison, and the companion of his mediUi- tions. ... As an amatory poem it is edifying, in theee days of courser thinking, to notice the nature, retinement, and exquisite delicacy which pervade it, banishing every gross thought or im- modest expression, and presenting temale loveliness clothed in all its chivalrous attribntcH of almost sujiernaturdl purity and grace.'' ^Sketch-Book, ed. N. York, 1S65, 10^-110, 117. It is declared that James was as ready with his sword as with his pen, and equally so, we may add, with his feet, voice, and fingers, for he could sing, dance, and play on eight different instruments of music. The Scotch histo- rians can never say enough in his praise: "Ita orator erat, ut ejus dictione niliil fuerit artificiosius ; ita Poeta, ut carmina non tarn arte strinxisse, quam natnra sponto fudisse videretur. Cui rem fidem faciuut carmina diveisi generis, quae iu rhythmum Scotice illigavit, eo artificio," &.c. — Bishop Les- ley: De Rebus Gest. Scot., vd. lOTo, 4to, Ub. vii. 257, 26G, 267. See also Hector Boetius'sScotorum Hist. ; other histories of the period, and King James's Works; Pinkerton's An- cient Scottish Poems; Major de Gestes Scotorum; Ales- sandro Tassoni, Pensieri Diversi ; Mackenzie's Lives ; Irving's Lives of the Scottish Poets; Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors; Geo. Chalmers's Poetic Remains of some of the Scottish Kings, now first collected, 1824; Scotia Rediviva; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Emi- nent Scotsmen; Life in Rees's Cyc, by Dr. Burney; ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; Scott's Poet. Works, Ab- bottsford edit., 1851, 642, 545; Prescott's Miscellanies, ed. 1855, 282. James II.,Kiugof Scotland, son of the preceding, was killed at the siege of Roxburgh, 1460, in the 29th year of his age. Epistola ad Carolum VII. See D'Achery's Spicil., iii. 8U1. James IV,, King of Scotland, grandson of the pre- ceding, was killed at the battle of Eloddcn Field, 1513, aged 40. He is said by Bishop Tanner (Bibliotheca) to have written upon the Apocalypse ; but this is doubtfuh See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. James V., King of Scotland, son of the preceding, d. 1542, in the 'i'-id year of his age. To him are ascribed Christis Kirk of the Grene, and the Gaberlunzie Man, (see James L, ante.) These two were pub. by John Callander, Edin., 1782, Svo. See Park's R. and N. Authors; Pinker- ton's Select Scottish Ballads; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Christis Kirk of the Grene is a great favoiir- ite with the Scotch : "One likes no language but the Faery Queen: Or Scot will tight lor Christ's Kirk o' the Ureen." Pope: Jmit. of Hor.^ lib. ii. ep. 1. James VI. of Scotland and I. of England, 1566- 1625, grandson of the preceding, and only child of Mary, Queen of Scots, by her cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, when only 18 years of age pub. a vol. entitled Essayes of a Prentice in the Divine Art of Poesie, with the Rewles and Cauteles to be pursued and avoided, Edin., 1584, 4to. In this vol. we have a mixture of poetry and prose, neither of much value. The latter gives the reader instructions in the proper mode of making verse. This was reprinted in Edin., 1814, sm. 4to, with a Prefatory Memoir by R. P. Gillies. A copy of the original ed. was sold at Biudley's sale for £26 be. In 1591 appeared His Maiesties Poeticall Exercises at Vacant Houres, 4to, and other works followed this collection. In 1610 (fol.) was given to the world a col- lective ed. of his prose compositions: James 1. his workes, pub. by the Bp. of Winchester. Fine portrait by Passe, and frontispiece by Elstrack, folio. Containing Paraphrase on Revelation, Meditations, Basi- licon Doron, Daemonolugy, Counterblast to Tobacco, Law of Free Monarchies, Powder Treason, Defence of the Rights of Kings, PrEemonition to Christian Monarchs, Speeches, p Montague trans- lated all his majesty's works into Latin: a man of so much patience was well worthy of favour."- — R. and N. Authors, Park's ed., i. 115-116, 120. As regards his theological abilities, an eminent authority remarks : "llis character as a man imfortunately adds no weight to his JAM sentiments as an expositor: and his works would long ago hare been forgotten, had they not been the production of a royal antlior. I ought not to omit his Majesty's poetical translation of the Psalms ef David; a poor production from a scholar of Buchanan." — Or litems Bibl. Bib. James II., King of England,! 633-1701, second son of the preceding, wrote an account of his life, which was preserved in MSS. in the Scotch College at Paris until the Revolution, and was subsequently destroyed. See Clarke, James St.4nier; Innes, Louis; Isnes, Thomas. The Royal Tracts of James II. were pub. in Paris, 1692, 8vo. Some other productions were ascribed to his majesty. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Frankland's Annals of James I. and Charles L, 16S1, fob; C. J. Fox's Life of James II., and other histories of the period ; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors; Bp. Goodman's Hist, of his Own Time. James. Digest of the Laws of South Carolina, Co- lumbia, 1814, Svo. ".\n imperfect )>ook. not respected, and but little used." — Grif- fitliS Lam Keg., S24, James, Mrs. Vindio. of Ch. of England. James, C'apt. Charles, pub. some poems, leg.al, political, and military works. Military Dictionary, Lon., 18(12, 4tu; ;'.d cd. 1811, 2 vols. 8vo ; again, 1817, Svo. James, David. Semis., 1780, 1804, both Svo. James, EdAvard. Remarks on the Mines, Manage- ment, Ores, (fee. of the District of Guanaxuato, belonging to the Anglo-Mexican Mining-Association, Lon., 1827. Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxvi. 81-106. James, Edwin. Exped. from Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains, 1S19-20, under the command of Major S. H. Long. U.S. T.E., Phila, 1823, 2 vols. 4to, and atlas; Lon., 1823, 3 vols. 8vo. Mr. James was botanist and geologist to the Expedition, which is known as Major Long's Finst Expedition. Reviewed in the North Amer. Rev., xvi. 242-269, and in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxix. 1-25. For a notice of the Second Expedition, see Keating, William H. James, Edwin. B'krupt Act, 5 4 6 'Vict., 1842, 12mo. James, Elizabeth Mary. Select, from the Annals of Virtue of Madame de Sillery, 1795, 8vo. James, Francis. Threnodia Henrio. Exequiarum, 1612. See Wood's Fasti Oxon. James, George Payne Rainsford, h. in London about 1800, commenced his literary career at an early age JAM History, 1849, 3 vols. 19. Darnley, 1830, 3 vols. 20. Delaware, 3 vols. ; subsequently pub. under the title of Thirty Years Since, 1848, 1 vol. 21. De L'Orine, 1830, 3 vols. 22. Desultory Man, 3 vols. 23. Educational In- stitutions of Germany, 1 vol. 24. Eva St. Clair, and other Tales, 1843, 2 vols. 25. False Heir, 1843, 3 vols. 26. Fate. 1851, 3 vols. 27. Fight of the Fiddlers, 1848, 1 vol. 28. Forest Days, 184.3, 3 vols. 29. Forgery; or. Best In- tentions, 1848, 3 vols. 30. Gentleman of the Old School, 1839, 3 vols. 31. Gipsy, 1835, 3 vols. 32. Gowrie; or. The King's Plot, 1 vol. 33. Heidelberg, 1846, 3 vols. 34. Henry Masterton, 1832, 3 vols. 35. Henry Smeaton, 1850, 3 vols. 36. Henry of Guise, 1839, 3 vols. 37. His- tory of Charlemagne, 1832, 1 vol. 38. History of Chivalry, 1 vol. 39. Hist, of Louis XIV., 1838, 4 vols. 40. His"t. of Richard Coeur de Lion, 1841-42, 4 vols. 41. Huguenot, 1838, 3 vols. 42. Jacquerie, 1841, 3 vols. 43. John Jones's Tales from English History, for Little John Joneses, 1849, 2 vols. 44. John Marston Hall, 18.34, 3 vols.; subsequently pub. under the title of Little Ball o' Fire, 1847, 1 vol. 45. King's Highway, 1840, 3 vols. 46. Last of the Fairies, 1847, 1 vol. 47. Life of Edward tlie Black Prince, 1822, 2 vols. 48. Life of Henry IV. of France, 1847, 3 vols. 49. Life of Vicissitudes, 1 vol. 50. Man-at-Arnis, 1840, 3 vols. 51. Margaret Graham, 1847, 2 vols. 52. Mary of Burgundy, 1833, 3 vols. 53. Me- moirs of Great Commanders, 1832, 3 vols. 54. Morley Ernstein, 1842, 3 vols. 55. My Aunt Pontypool, 3 vols. 56. Old Dominion; or. The Southampton Massacre, 1856, 3 vols. 57. Old Oak Chest, 3 vols. 68. One in a Thou- sand, 1835, 3 vols. 59. Pequinillo, 1852, 3 vols. 60. Philip Augustus, 1831, 3 vols. 61. Prince Life, 1855, 1 vol. 62. Revenge, 1851, 3 vols.; so styled by the book- seller, without the author's consent. It was originally pub. in papers under a different name. 63. Richelieu, 1829, 3 vols. 64. Robber, 1838, 3 vols. 65. Rose D'Al- bret, 1840, 3 vols. 66. Russell, 1847, 3 vols. 67. Sir Theodore Broughton, 1847, 3 vols. 68. Smuggler, 1845, 3 vols. 69. Stepmother, 1846, 3 vols. 70. Story without a Name, 1852, 1 vol. 71. String of Pearls, 1849, 2 vols. 72. Tioonderoga; or. The Black Eagle, 1854, 3 vols. 73. Whim and its Consequences, 1847, 3 vols. 74. Woodman, 1847, 3 vols. 75. Lord Montagu's Page, Phila., 1 858, 12mo. It will be seen that the above list presents a total of 189 vols.,— viz. : 51 works in 3 vols, each, 2 in 4 vols, each, 6 in by anonymous contributions to the journ.als and reviews ! - ^o'^- each, and 16 in 1 vol. each. Almost all of these -'"'"'" ' . . - - y„i5 arg Qf ji,u post-octavo size. Mr. James is .also the ■which catered to the literary taste of "a discerning pub- lic." Some of these juvenile effusions fell under the notice of Washington Irving, and this gentleman, with his usual kindness of heart, encouraged the young author to venture upon something of a more important character than the fugitive ess.ays which had hitherto employed his pen. Thus strengthened in his literary proclivity, the young aspirant nibbed his "gray-goose quill," commenced author in earnest, and gave to the world in 1822 his first work, — a Life of Edward the Black Prince. Mr. James now turned his attention to a field which had recently been cultivated with eminent success, — historical romance. — and completed in 1825 his novel of Richelieu, which, having received the favourable verdict of Sir Walter Scott, made its appearance in 1829. This was followed in the next year by Darnley and De L'Orme. Richelieu was so fortunate as to secure the favour of the formidable Christopher North of Blackwood ; but this invaluable commendation was withheld from Darnley : *' Mr. Colburn has lately given us two books of a very dilferent character, Richelieu and Darnley. Richelieu is one of the most spirited, amusing, and interesting ri iiniinces I ever read ; characters well drawn — incidents well managed — story perpetually progressive — cata.strophe at once natural and unexpected — moral good, but not goody — and the whole felt, in every chapter, to be the work of a — (Gentleman." — Nodes Ambrosianxi April, 1830; Blackw. Mag., xxvii. 6S8, q. V. From this time to the present (1858) Mr. James has been no idler in the Republic of Letters, as the following alphabetical list of his writings amply proves: 1. Adra, or The Peruvians; a Poem, 1 vol. 2. Agin- court, 1844, 3 vols. 3. Agnes Sorrel, 1853, 3 vols. 4. Arabella Stuart, 1853, 3 vols. 5. Arrah Neil, 1845. 3 vols. 6. Attila, 1837, 3 vols. 7. Beaucbamp, 1848, 3 vols. 8. editor of the Vernon Letters, illustrative of the times of William III., 1841, 3 vols. 8vo; and of Wm. Henry Ire- land's historical rom.ance of David Rizzio, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; and was associated with Dr. E. E. Crowe in the Lives of the Most Eminent Foreign Statesmen, 1832-38, 5 vols, p. 8vo, (4 vols, were Mr. James's, and 1 vol. Dr. Crowe's,) and with Mr. Maunsell B. Field, in the composition of Adrian, or The Clouds of the iMind, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo. To this list m.ay be added Norfolk and Hereford, (in a collection entitled Seven Tales by Seven Authors,) and enough articles in various periodicals to fill eight or ten volumes. Perhaps we should not omit to notice that a work entitled A Brief History of the United States Bound- ary Question, drawn up from official papers, pub. in Lon- don, 1839, Svo, and ascribed to Mr. James, is not his pro- duction; nor had he any share (further than writin" a preface, or something of that kind) in another work often credited to him, — Memoirs of Celebrated Women, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo. During the reign of William IV. the author received the appointment of historiographer of Great Britain; but this post was resigned by him many years since. There have been new edits, of many of Mr. James's novels, and some or all of them have appeared in Bentley's Series of Standard Novels. There has been also a Parlour- Library Edition. A collective edit, was pub. by Smith, Ehler & Co., commencing in Juno. 1844, and continued by Parry, and by Simpkiu, Marshall k Co. In America they have been popular, and pub. in large quantities. .A.bout 1850, Mr. James, with his family, removed per- manently to the United States. He was British Consul at Richmond, Virginia, from 1852 to Sept. 1858. when he wag Blanche of Navarro; a Play, 1839, 1 vol. 9. Book of the appointed Consul at Venice, where he now (1858) resides. Passions, 1838, 1 vol. 10. Cameralzaman ; a Fairy Drama, 1848, 1 vol. 11. Castelneau; or. The Ancient Regime, 1841, 3 vols. 12. Castle of Ehrenstein, 1847, 3 vols. 13. Charies Tyrrell, 1839, 2 vols. 14. City of the Silent; a Poem, 1 vol. 15. Commissioner; or, De Luuatico Inqui- rendo, 1842, 1 vol. 16. Convict, 1847. 3 vols. 17. Corse de Leon, the Briyand, 1841, 3 vols. IS. Dark Scenes of 950 The space which we have occupied by a recital of the titles only of Mr. James's volumes necessarily restricts the quotation of criticisms upon the merits or demerits of their contents. It has fallen to the lot of few authors to be so much read, and at the same time so much abused, as the owner of the fertile pen which claims the long list of novels commencing with Richelieu iu 1829 and extending JAM to Lord Mnntigu's Page in 1S5S. Thnt there should be a family likeness in this numerous race — where so many, too, are nearly of an age — can be no matter of surprise. The mind, like any other artisan, can only construct from materials which lie within its range; and when no time is allowed for the accumulation and renewal of these, it is vain to hope that variety of architecture will conceal the identity of substance. Vet, after all, the champion of this popular author will probably argue that this objection against the writings of Mr. James is greatly overstated and e.\travagantly overestimated. The novelist can draw only from the experience of human life in its different phases, and these admit not of such variety as the inordi- nate appetite of the modern Athenians unreasonably de- mantls. A new series of catastrophes and perplexities, of Uiortifications and triumphs, of joys and sorrows, cannot be evoked for the benefit of the reader of each new novel. Again, Mr. James's admirer insists that this charge of sameness so often urged against our novelist's writings is perhaps overstated. Where one author, as is frequently the case, gains the reputation of versatility of talent by writing one or two volumes, it is not to be believed that Mr. James exhibits less in one or two hundred. He who composes a library is not to bo judged by the same standard as he who writes but one book. And even if the charge of ''sameness" be admitted to its full extent, yet many will cordially concur with the grateful and graceful .acknowledgment of one of the most eminent of modern critics : ■■ I hitil every fresh publication of James, though I half know what he is goiug to do with his lady, and his gentleman, and his landscape, and his niystc-ry, and his orthodo.\y, and his criraiual trial. But I am charmed" with the new amuseniout wliich he brings out of old materials. I look on him as I lotik on a nmsician famous for "variations." I am gi-ateful for his vein of cheerful- ness, for his singularly varied and vivid landscapes, for his power of painting women at once ladylike and loving, (a rare tident,) for making lovers to match, at once beautiful and well-bred, and for the Boliiee which .ill this has aftorded me, sometimes over and over again, in illness and in convalescence, when I required interest without violence, and entertainment at once animated and mild." — Leigh Hunt. Two of the severest criticisms to which Mr. James's novels have been subjected are, the one in the London Athenajum for April 11. 1846, and the one in the North American Review (by E. P. Whipple) for April, 1844. From each of these we quote a few lines : '' The first and most otniuus contrivance for the attainment of quantity is, of course, Dilution; but this recourse has practically its limit, and Mr. James had reached it long ago. Conmionplace in its best day, any thing more feeble, vapid, — slojipi/, in fact, (for we know not how to characterize this writer's style but by some of its own elegancie3.)^than Mr. James's manner has become, it were difficult to imagine. Every literary grace has been swamped in the spreading marasmus of his style," — AthcnKum : ubi supra. " He is a most scientific expositor of the fact that a man may be a maker of books without being a maker of thoughts ; that he may be the reputed author of a hundred volumes and flood the market with his literary wares, and yet h-ive very few ideas and principles for Ins stock in trade. For the last ten years he has been repeating his own repetitions and echoing his own echoes. His first novel was a wln-t that went through the target, and he has ever since bff-n asHidunusly firing through the liole. . . . When a man hius little or nothing' to say. he should say it in the smallest space. He should not. Jit any rate, take up more room than sulfices for a creative mind. He should not provoke hostdity and petulance by the effrontery of his demands upon time and patience. He should let us off with a few volumes, and gain our gratitude for his bene- volence, if not our praise for his talents."— E. P. Whipple : ubi supra, and in his Essays and Reviews, ii. 116-137. We have spoken of Mr. James's champions and ad- mirers; and such are by no means fabulous personages, notwithstanding the severe censures of which we have just exhibited specimens. A brief quotation from one of these eulogies will be another evidence added to the many in this volume of a wide dissimilarity in critical opinions: "His pen is prolific enough to keep the imagination constantly nourished ; and of him. more than of any modern writer, it may be said, tliat he has improved his style by the mere dint of constant and abundant practice. For, although so .agreeable a novelist, it must not be forgotten that he stands infinitely higher as an histo- rian. . . . The most fantastic and beautiful coruscations which the skies can exhibit to the eyes of mankind dart as if in play fiom the huge volumes that roll' out from the cr.ater of the volcano. . . . The recreation of an enlarged intellect is ever more valuable than the highest efforts of a confined one. Hence we find in the works before us, [Corse de Leon, The Ancient Regime, and The Jacquerie.] lightly as they have been thrown off. the traces of study,— the foot- steps of a powerful and vigorous understanding." — Dublin Uni- versity Magazine, fliarch, 1842. The Edinburgh Review concludes some comments upon our author with the remark, "Our readers will perceive from these general observations th.at wc estimate Mr. James's abdities, as a romancc^writer, highly: his works arc lively and interesting, and atumated by a spirit of sound and healthy morality in feeling, and of natural delineation in cha- JAM meter, which, we think, will secure for them a calm popularity wliich will last Itcyrjod the present ilay." We have before us more than thirty (to be exact, just thirty-two) commendatory notices of our author, but brief extracts from two of these is all for which we can find space. "He belongs to the historical school of fiction, and, like the masters of the art, takes up a real person or a real event, and, pur- suing the course of history, makes out the intentions of nature by adding circumstances and heightening character, till, like a statue in the hands of the sculptor, the whole is in fair proportion, truth . of sentiment, and character. For this he has high qualities,— an excellent taste, extensive knowP-ilge of history, a right feeling of the chivalrous, and a heroic and a ready eye for the picturesque : his proprieties are admirable; his sympathy with whatever is high- Bouled and noble is deep and impressive. His best works are Richelieu and .Mary of Burgundy."— Allan Cu.nnixgh.im : Bmj. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of tlie Last Fi.fly Years. 1K33. The critic next to be quoted, whilst coinciding in the objections prominently urged against Mr. James as an author, — repetition, tediousnoss, and deficiency of terse- ness, — yet urges on his behalf that "There is a constant appeal in his brilliant pages not only to the pure and generous, but to the elevated and noble sentiments ; he is indiued witli the very soul of chivalry; and all his stories turn on the final triumph of those who are influenced by such feelings over such as are swayed by selfish or b,Tse desires. He possesses great pictorial powers, and a remarkable faciUty of turning his graphic pen at will to the delineation of the most distant and oppo- site scenes, manners, and social customs. . . . Not a word or a thought which can give pain to the purest heart ever escapes from his pen; and the mind wearied with the cares and grieved at the selfishness of the world reverts with pleasure to his varied com- positions, which carry it back, as it were, to former days, and portray, perhaps in too brilliant colours, the ideas and manners of the "olden time."— Sir Archid.ild Alison : Hist, of Eurojte, 1S15- 52, chap. v.. 1S53. See also Alisou's Essays, 1S60, iii. 545-546; North British Review, Feb. 1SJ7, art. on Modern Style. James, Henry, D.D., Master of Queen's Coll., Camb. 1. Serin., Lon., 1674, 4to. 2. Serm., 1674, 4to. James, Henry. Bank-Restriction Act, 1818. James, Henry, of Alljany, New York. 1. Moralism and Christianity; or, Man's Experience and Destiny, N. York, 1850, 12mo. 2. Lectures and Miscellanies, 1852, 12mo. 3. The Church of Christ not an Ecclesiasticism, 1854. 4. The Nature of Evil Considered in a Letter ad- dressed to the Rev. Edward Eeecher. D.D., author of The Conflict of Ages, 1855, 12mo. See Putnam's Mag., May, 1855, 545-547. 5. Christianity the Logic of Creation, 1857, 12mo. " Henry James, of Albany, is the most argumentative and elo- quent advocate of new social principles in the country." — U. T. 'fucKERMAN : .SlvteJt of Amer. Lit. James, Isaac. 1. Providence Displayed: Alex. Sel- kirk, Ac, Lon., 1800, 12mo. See De Foe, Daniel, p. 489. 2. Essay on the Signof the Prophet Jonah, Bristol,18U2,8vo. "Mr. James's Essay on Jonah has some attractions, though we should not venture to recommend it for general adoption.'* — British Critic. James, J. H. On Land and Building Societies, Lon., 1854, 12mo. " Mr. James has carefully executed the design of his work."— Legal Observer. James, John. Trans, of Claude Perrault's Treat, on the Five (Orders of Architecture, Lon., 1708, fol. James, John. Serms., 1678, '82, both 4to. James, John. 1. Trans, of Pozzo's Perspective, Lon., 1707, fol. 2. Trans of Le Blond's Gardening, 1712, 4to. James, John. Survey and Demand f.r Dilapida- tions in the See of Canterbury, Ac, Lon., 1717, 4to. James, John. Anatomico-Chirurgieal Views of the Nose, Mouth, Larynx, and Fauces, 180a, fol. James, John, of Pcnuiaen. Serm., 1815, 8vo. James, John, D.D., Dean of Peterborough. 1. Com. mcnt. on the Collects, Ac.; 2d ed., Lon., 1826, 8vo. 2. Comment, on the Ordination Service, 1846, 12mo. Other works. James, John Angell, b. 1785, an Independent minis- ter of Birmingham, one of the most popular and useful writers of the day. 1. Anxious Inquirer after Salvation. Many edits. ; last edit., 184'.!, ISmo, fp. 8vo, and :)2mo. 2. Christian Charity Explained; 6th ed., 1850, 12mo. H. Chris- tian's Daily Treasury, 12mo. 4. Christian Father's Present ; 1,3th ed., 1841, 12mo. 5. Christian Fellowship; 11th ed., 1855, 12mo. 6. Christian Professor Addre.ssed; 5th ed., 1852, 12mo. 7. Christian Progress, 1853, ISmo: a sequel to No. 1. 8. Church in Earnest; 4th cd., 1851, 12mo. 9. Course of Faith, 1852, ISmo. 10. Earnest Ministry the Want of the Times; 6th cd., 1855, 12mo. 11. Elizabeth Bates, 1845, 32mo. 12. Family Monitor ; 9th ed., 1848, 12mo. 13. Female Piety ; or. The Young Woman's Friend and Guide: 4th ed., 1855, 12mo. 14. Flower Faded, ISmo. 15. Happiness; its Nature and Sources described, Ac.. 32mo. 16. Jubilee Scenes at Birmingham, 1S55, fp. 17. Memoirs 651 JAM of Mrs. James, ]2mo. 18. Olive-Branch and the Cross, ISoO, 12mu. 19. Pastoral Addresses, 1840 '42 &c. 3 series. New ed., 1840, 3 vols. J2mo. 20. Protestant Non- conformity in Birmingham, 1849, 12mo. 21. Serm on Ps cxiv.i. II : 2d ed., 1818, 8vo. 22. Sunday-school Teacher's taide; 17th ed., 1845, ISmo. 23. True Christian, ISmo. 24. W idow directed to the Widow's God : 6th thousand, 1849, ISmo. 2o. \oung Man's Friend and Guide, 2d ed., 1862, 12mo See No 13. 26. YoungMan from Home, 1839, 18mo. 27. Christian Hope, 1858, 16mo. An account of this popular preacher and author wUl be found in Pen-Pictures of Popu- lar linghsh Preachers, Lon., 1853, 274-288. See also itclec. Kev., 4th series, ii. 538; Blackw. Mag., xlv. 484: N Haven Chris. Month. Spec., ix. 428. (hy R. Robbins;) N. \ork Lit. and Theol. Rev., i. 695, (by W. B. Sprague.) James, John Thomas, D.D., 1786-1829, educated at Christ Church, Oxford; Bish..p of Calcutta, 1827. 1. Journal of Travels in Germany, Sweden, RussLa, Poland, &c. in 1813-14, Lon., 1816, 4to, with plates. A valuable work. 2, Views in Russia, Poland, Germany, .and Swe- den. Should accompany No. 1. 3. The Flemish, Dutch, and German Schools of Painting, 1822, 8yo. See Memoirs ot Bishop James, 1830, 8vo. James, L. Letters relating to the College of Physi- cians, Lon., 1688, 4to. James, Maria, b. in "Wales about 1795, emigrated to America in her seventh year, and since the age of ten has lived at service with a number of families, whose re^-ard she has secured by the excellence of her deportment°and her intellectual abilities. In 1833 some of her compositions tell into the hands of Professor Alonzo Potter, D D of Union College, now the esteemed Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of Penn..yh.ania, and in 1839 he introduced a collection of them to the public under the title of Wales, and other Poems, by Maria James Some specimens of Miss James's poetry will be found in Griswolds Female Poets of America James, Marian. 1. Ethel : or, the Double Error, N. York, 18,0, l6mo. 2. The Elder Sister. 1856, 16mo James, Marmaduke. Serm., 1059, 4to T 1 '!' w? y*"^h'*''''> 1592-1638, a native of Newport, Isle ot A^ ight, educated at Exeter and Corpus Christi (colleges, Oxford, pub. a number of sermons, i-c, 1625-33 and left many MS. pieces. This learned critic and anti- 'l""y„"='^,^ nephew of Thomas James, D.D.. Sub-dean ol \ eUs. feee Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Brit., Siipp. ; Bp. Nicol- sons Hist. L,b.; Lon. Gent. M.ag., xxxvii. 336 thf'"!'!' '."i"^'""'' t^-^- l'»^-l"e, the inventor of the celebrated Fever Powder, was a native of Staiford- shire, and educated at St. John's College, Oxford. His best-known work is A Medicinal Dictionary, Lon., 1743- 45 3 vols, fol His Vindication of the Fever Powder was not pub. un ti after his death. See Chalmers's Bloc.. Diet.; Boswell's Life of Johnson. Dr. Johnson, who at ways had a propensity for dabbling in physic, furnished some of the articles for the MedicinTd DiJtiJnary, and ob- p'fession ""■■ • "^° "''° ^""S' '""'■^ "''^'1 '" l>is Johnson also wrote the Dedication (and nothing of bis is more truly "Johnsonese,") to Dr. Mead James, S. Guide to English Tongue, Lon , 17<)9 sevtu'^'^h:>.?a™"^'o-n. '^'"'' "'^''"''^^ "' "^"^ "'"> James, Silas. Voyage to Arabia, Ac, Lon., 1797 Poft Phtll; <• **r'"",V,„'^''' ^^""'^^ '" S^i^'b Australia, Port Phihp, ic, Lon., 1839, 8vo James, Thomas, D.D., 1571P-1629, a native of Ne^r'n ^''\f)'''f^'- -^J"'-"'"' ■■>' and Fellow of (159.3) New Col ege, Oxford; appointed Keeper (the first one) of the Bodleian Library, 1002; resigned this post in 1620; Sub-dean of Wells, 1614, and subsequently Rector of Mongeham, Kent His best-known work is A Treatise of the Corruption of Scriptures, Councils, aud Fathers, by the Prelates, Pastors, and Pillars of the Church of fiJme for Maintenance of Popery and Irieligion, Lon., 1612, 4to 1688 8vo; edited by Rev. J. E. Cox, 1843, 8vo. A new ed. of his Bellum Papale (first ed., 1600, 4to, again, 1678 bvo) was pub. in 1841, 12mo. We have already noticed h.s Catalogue ol the Bodleian Library in the Life of Sir Thomas Bodley. Dr. James was one of the most learned critics of his day. See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit., Supp. ; Genl.Dict.; Usher's Life and Letters; Oldys's Librarian Homes In troduc. to the Scrip. James, Capt. Thomas. Dangerous Voyage for discovering the northwest passage to the South Sea, Lon., JAM 1633, 4to, 1740, Svo. Also in Churchill's Voyao-ei ii p 47.9 1703; in (Joxe's Voyages, i. 1741; and 'in'Harris'a Collection, vol. 11. It is a valuable work to the collector ot Arctic Voyages, and has brought as much as £6 rn".w°rH'''''"7"''°",''""'""',"'" '■'^'''"■■I'able physical observations iVZ'i- ?• ""■ '"',' r '""' "f "">■ 'iiscovery of importance."- Stevenson's ioyagesavd Travrh. ^ t- <-. James, Ll.-Col. Thomas, R. Artillery. The Hist, of the Herculean Straits, now called the Straits of Gibraltar, Lon., 1771, 2 vols. r. 4to. The 2d vol. contains detailed accounts of several sieges and successful defences ot Gibraltar previous to the last great siege which it sus- tained. James, Thomas, d. 1804, Head-Master of Ru^by School, 1 , 76-93, pub. a Compend. of Geography for Rugby School, two serms., and the Fifth Book of Euclid explained by Algebra. '^ James, Thomas, Vicar of Sibbertoft and Thedding- worth. 1. The Fables of ^sop; a new version, chiefly from A,?f^"'i"'f ^"^n^' ^°°' ^^*'^' P- ^™- With upwards of 100 illust. by Tenniel. ■'Remarkable for the clrarness and conciseness with which each tale 18 narrated." — Lon. Examiner, This new trans, is intended to take the place of the de- fective ones of Croxall, Baldwin, L'Estrange, ic. The illustrations add greatly to the value of the work. "Nothing has been seen like them since Bewick." 2. JEsoj) for the Million; 38th thousand, 1858, p. 8vo. 3. The Book of Common Prayer, Ac, edited with Notes and Illustrations. "It is impossible to speak too highly of the exceeding beauty of this work. — O-tmbridge V/ironick. James, Thomas C, M.D., 1766-1835, an eminent physician, a native of Philadelphia, Penn., graduated as a st_udent of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in liSS, and in 1811 was appointed Professor of Midwifery in the same institution. He practised his profession in bis native city with great success until his death. Dr James was an accomplished scholar, aud contributed to the Philadelphia Port-Folio, under the signature of P. D , trans- lations in verse of the Idyls of Gessner, which were highly commended. See Williams's Amer. Med. Bio» ■ Phila. Casket, March, 1830; Amer. Med. Jour., (art. by Hugh L. Hodge, M.D.,) July, 1843. ^ James, \V., and Mole, A. 1. English and French Dictionary, Lon., 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, so., LeipziE, 18o3, 12mo. Commended. 2. Jajies, W., and Grassi, G. English and Italian Dictionary, 1855, 12mo. 3. Diet, of English and German, lS5b, sq. ' James, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1578, '90. James, Wm. Isagoge in Linguam Chaldseam, Lon., 1651, 8vo. ' James, Wm., of Clyro. Serm., Oxon., 1729, Svo. James, Wm. Law on Denford Question, 1813, Svo. James, Wm., d. 1827. 1. Military Occurrences of the Late War between G. Britain and the U. States, Lon , 1817, 8vo ; 1818, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Naval Hist, of 6. Britain, li 93-1820, 6 vols. Svo, and 2 4to atlases of Tables, 1822 • 2d ed., with addits., 1826, 6 vols. Svo; 3d ed., with addit! notes and continuation by Capt. Chamier, 1847, 6 vols. Svo. Ih-ltil", 'f "■"' "'' ""^'^-'^ " '" '"'' 'O" ^'S^ P'-=''8e to assert, l,f Ar ■'»'"",'='"'" ;« '^'=a"ly lo Perfeclion, in its own line, as any historical work perhaps ever did; and we must acknowledge that we cannot contemplate without admiration the impartial and un- tbTVofl,""',. ''f'°"«'!,."-"th which alone could have supported thc-iiuthur through his tedious and thankless labours."— ia,,, Men Highly commended by other authorities. •• Mn. Tickler.- • A Naval History is a very good thing, if written by a competent person, which James is not, ahhough the man 1 S some merit as a chronicler. But the very idea of criticising in r tad every ac ion, just as you would criticise a volume of poems, is not a little absurd. Southeys Life of .Nelson is good ' •■iNOKTii.— •Excellent. Look at James's History after reading "James's Naval History— we love to carry our head high even n sleei>-we use as a pUe of pillows on Clerk of Eldin's book about hrLaklug the Lme, (an old achievement.) which has been our bol- ster. — .lOHN fliLsoN: BlacKw. Mag., Aug. 1S31 248 muf Mr^t?,!!! i"^^«< l;is'"'-ian of the Kavy is, like ourselves, a lands- JunJ, lS2?rW7 "" ' ■* '"' '°'=^''™^1'1'' one."-i'Iucia,. M.g., "James, in his excellent Naval History." tLC—Ihid., July, 1833 21 T -K L" '° ^°°' ^''- •^"^•S ^°^- -^-'lis; Goodhugh's E. G. Lib. Man., 52. "J.aine^'s Naval History has already issued from the press in month y numbers, at live sh,lbngs."-.SiR Akcuiuali. Au.soJ : Copy- ngMQuaUon m BlacLw. May., Jan. 1842, and m his Essays, 1S60, Within the last few weeks {i.e. in Jan. 1857) a new ed. of James s Naval History has been announced, in 6 vols, bvo, («. per vol. JAM James, \Vm. Bosville. Wine-Dutics considered Financially and Sociully: being a Reply to Sir James Emerson Tennent on Wine, its Taxation and Use, Lon., 1856. 8vo, pp. 204. Jameson. A Crit. and Prac. Expos, of the Penta- teuch, Lon., 1748, fol. Pub. in numbers. "Compiled with considerable industry from the labours of the beat interpreters, antient and modern." — Home's lUhl. Bib. "Some of the notes ai'e good; but others are tritlint^. ITie work has never enjoyed much reputation." — Orme^s Bill. Bib. Jameson, Mrs. Anna, a dauj^hter of Mr. Murphy, late painter-in-ordinary to the Princess Charlotte, was married about 1824 to Mr. Jameson, who has for many years held an official appointment in Canada. This union ** proved less fortunate in its issues than in its promises, and has long been practically, though not legally, dis- Bolved." The works of this lady have long enjoyed an extensive popularity, and few writers of the age have done so much to refine the public taste and diffuse a know- ledge of the great masters of art. 1. The Diary of an Ennuy6e, written during a Tour in Italy, Lon., 1826. sm. 8vo. Anonymous. 2d ed., 1834, p. Svo. Pub. at the same time with Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad, 2 vols. p. Svo, and a number of Mrs. Jameson's Tales and Miscellanies contributed to various annuals, now first collected, 1 vol. p. Svo. 3d ed. of The Diary of an En- nuyfie, 1838, p. Svo. "Nor could we give a better instance of real description and opinions interwoven with a romance— though in no way needin|i; this fictitious interest — than another established favourite, — Mrs. Jameson's Diary of an Ennuyee." — Miss Rigbt: Lady Travellers; Ltm. Quar. Rev., June. 184o. "A happy combination of thouglit and actual obseiTation. the effect of which is as if Sterne bad united his Sentimental Jnurnuy with the matter-of-fact details of a topogi-apbical guide-book." — Lon. Sew Month. Mag. "The notices of authors and artists are copious and interesting." — Lon. Literary Gazette. See also Edin. Rev., Is. 197; Lon. Month. Rev., cix. 414. 2. Loves of the Poets, 1829, 2 vols. p. Svo ; 3d ed., 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo. "These volumes are replete with the beautiful and unknoiivn." — Westminster Rev. Also highly commended by The Atheneeum ; Blackw. Mag., xxvi. 524, (by Prof. Wilson;) The Literary Gazette; the Atlas, *ltc. See Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, iii. 40, n. Lon. Month. Rev., cxx. 17; Amer. Month. Kev., iii. 384. 3. Lives of Celebrated Female Sovereigns, 1S31, 2 vols, five ; 3d ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo. "A work equally agreeable to old or young could hardly be pro- duced." — Lon. Lit. Gaz. 4. Characteristics of Women: Moral, Poetical, and His- torical, 1S32, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo. New lib. ed., 185S, 2 vols. Svo. In these vols, we have dis- quisitions on the female characters of Shakspeare's plays. "Two truly delightful volumes." — CukistopHer North: Noctcs Amhrosiante. Nov. 183*2. " Mrs. Jameson's Essays on the Female Characters of Shakspeare are among the best. It was right that this province of illustration should be reserved for a woman's hand." — HaUam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854. iii. 94. " Mrs. Jameson's vohime on the Female Characters is a most elo- quent and passionate representation of Shakspeare's women, and in many respects is an important contribution to critical literature. Its defects are eo covered up in the brilliancy and buoyancy of its Btyle. that they .are likely to escape notice." — Whipple's Essays and Heviews, ii. 22;^, q. v.; also in N. Amer. Rev.. July. 184S. See also Edin. Rev., Ix. 90 ; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxviii. fiOl; Amer. Month. Rev., iii. 478; Blackw. Mag., xxx. 841; xxxii. 859; x.-?xiii. 124. 143. 391, 539; xxxvi. 358, 363, 364; xl. 434. 435; xliv. 23: xlviii. 77. 5. Beauties of the Court of Charles IL, 1833, 2 vols. r. 4to, £5 59. ; large paper. £10 10*. ; 2 vols. imp. Svo, £2 5*. ; 2d ed., 1851, imp. 8vo ; 21 portraits after Sir Peter Lely, &c. "This truly beautiful and splendid production is equally a gem among the Fine Arts and in Literature. Mrs. Jameson's diligence of research — her charms of style — the acuteness, force, and justice of her remarks—her characteristic touches — the racy and piquant manner with which she relates an anecdote — are too well known to require eulogy from us." — Crnirt Journal. "The accompanying Memoii-sare wi many specimens of exquisite compositions of rare excellence and high value." — Lon. New Month. M-iff. 6. Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad, 1S34, 2 Tols. p. Svo; 3d ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo. See No. 1. Highly commended in The Athenaeum for 1S34, 489, 515- 610, 547-548. See Edin. Rev., Ix. 197. 7- Tales and Miscellanies, now first collected. See No. 1. 8. Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. "I do not know a writer whose works breathe more of the spon- taneous. — the free. Beauty and truth seem to come to her un- sought." — Dr. W. E. Ciianninq, See his Memoirs. See also Brit, and For. Rev., viii. 134. La 1852 was JAM pub., in Longmnn's Travellers' Library. Mrs. Jameson's Sketches in Canada. Ifiiuo, in 2 Pis., and also in 1 vol. 9. Pictures of the Social Life of Germany, as represented in the Dramas of the Princess Amelia of Saxony, 1840, p. Svo. Mrs. Jameson has enriched her translation by an introduction and notes to each drama. 10. Rubens: his Life and Genius; trans, from the German of l)r. M'aagen, with an Introduction by Mrs. Jameson, 1840, sq. Svo. *'Thcre is scarcely a gallery or nobleman's seat in Jlritain but boasts some specimens of Kubcns; and no work that Dr. AVaagcn could have written is more Ukely to win him English readers than the present, which Mrs. Jameson has edited and furnished with a very clever and discriminatory preface." — Lmi. Aflunaum. il. Handbook to the Public Galleries of Art in and near London, 1842, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2-1 ed., 1845, fp. Svo. This Handbook is a guide to the following collcctiuns : — 1. The National Gallery. 2. Windsor Castle. 3. Hump- ton Court. 4. Dulwich Gallery. 5. Soane's Museum. 6. Barry's Pictures. " Mrs. Jameson has indulged in less of dissertation than we could have thought possible; producing, instead, a Guide-Book of singular unity, clearness, and value." — Lon. Athenstum. "Completed in a very excellent manner; and no equal guJdo could be found." — Lon. Lit. Gaz. 12. Companion to Private Galleries of Art in London, 1844, p. Svo. This vol. is a guide to the following collec- tions: — 1. Buckingham Palace. 2. Bridgewater. .3. Su- therland. 4. Grosvenor. 5. Lansdowne. 6. Sir Robert Peel's. 7. Saml. Roger's. *■ IMeasant to read, useful to consult, and valuable as a vade-mo- cum to the visitor." — Lon. Spectator. The Atheutcum also speaks in high terms of this work. 13. Memoirs of the Early Italian Painters, and of the Progress of Painting in Italy, from Cimabue to Bassano, 1845, 2 vols. ISnio. This useful work com])ri.*;cs upwards of 30 biographies. 14. Memoirs and Essays on Art, Litera- ture, and Social Morals, 1846, p. Svo. An extract from this work, entitled On the Relation of Mothers and Gover- nesses, was pub. in 1848, Svo. 15. Sacred and Legendary Art, 1848, 2 vols. Svo ; 3d ed., 1857, 2 vols. Svo. " Mrs. Jameson's work would desen-e a high place regarded only as a book of antiquarian inquiry. With admirable taste and judj^ ment, both of pen and pencil, she has opened a curious branch uf learning wellnigh forgotten among xis, — the vestiges of wiiich, nevertheless, surround us on every side." — Edin. Jtcv., April, 184'J. Also highly commended by Blackw. Mag,; Lon. Gent. Mag.; Athenteum ; Eraser's Mag.; Church fif England Quar. Rev.; Church and State Gaz.; Christian Remenib. ; Guardian; Examiner; Britannia; Lit. Gaz.; John Bull; Spectator. Nos. 16 and 17 are a continuation of a series of which No. 15 is the first. 16. Legends of the Monastic Orders as represented in the Fine Arts, 1850, med. Svo. See No. 15. 17. Legends of the Madonna. 1852, Svo; 2d ed., 1857, Svo. Sec No. 15. Respecting Nos. 15. 16, 17. see Mod. Light Lit., art. in Blackw. Mag., Dec. 1855. IS. A Commnnplai-e- Book of Thoughts, Memories, and Fancies. Original and Selected: Pt. I. Ethics and Character; Pt. 2. Literature and Art, 1854, sq. cr. 8vo. This work was favourably re- viewed in the Lon. New Monthly Mag. for Feb. 1855, and in the Irish Quarterly Rev. for March, 1S55, but met with less favour in The Athen^um for Nov. 18, 1854. 19. Sisters of Charity, Catliolic and Protestant, at Home and Abroad; a Lecture delivered Feb. 14, 1855, 1S55, fp. Svo. Praised by The Athenanim, (1855, 399-400.) and. Tsith qualifications, by The Spectator. 20. The Communion of Labour: a Second Lecture on the Social Emi)loyments of Women, 1856, fp. Svo. This forms a sequel to No. 19. "Altogether, Mrs. Jameson's little volume is one for serious notice: it is a grave, reflective, almost a saddening, book, abounding in utterances of the most genial humanity." — At/ienienm, 1.^56, 1U14, An interesting review of Mrs. Jameson's writings (from the New Monthly Magazine) will be found in the Living Age, xl. 147-152. We have quoted quite a number of opinions on this lady's writings, but many more which lie before us are excluded by want of space. The cordial eulogy of Chris- topher North, who several times introduces Mrs. Jameson into the Noctes Ambrosianse, must not be omilted: "One of the most eloquent of our female writers; fuH of feeling and fancy; a true enthusi;ist, with a glowing soul." — A'm-. 1S31, See also his review of the Loves of the Poets, in Blackw. Mag., xxvi. 524; reprinted in Wilson's Works, Edin. and Lon.. 1856, v. 269-297. Jameson, R. 1. The Student of Salamanca; a Com., 1813. 2. A Touch at the Times; a Com., 1813. Jameson, R. G. New Zealand, South Australia, and New S. Wales, Lon., 1841, p. Svo. "Mr. Jameson is an intelligent and unprejudiced observer, and has made gotnl use of his faculties." — Lon. Spectator. Also recommended by the Lon. Globe. 953 JAM Jameson, R. S., of Lincoln's Inn. 1. TValker's and Johnson's Dictionaries Combined, 182S; 7th ed., ISifi, Svo, pp. 832. See Introduc. to Webster's Dictionary. 2. Keports. See Glyn, Thomas C. Jamesou, R. W. 1. Nimrod; a Dramatic Poem, Lon., 12nio. 2. Timolcon ; a Tragedy, 1852, 8vo. 3. The Curse of Uold, 1854, 12mo; 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. "The plot is a violation of reason, probability, and common eensc-."— iwi. Al/taiaum, 1855, lli, Jainesuu, Robert, 1773-1854, a native of Lcith, Regius Prolcssor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh from 1804 until his death ; pub. several valu- able works, among n-hieh arc— 1. Jlineralogy of the Shet- land Islands and of Arran, Edin., 17as, Svo. 2. Mine- ralogy of the Scottish Isles, ISOU, 2 vols. 4to; 1813, 2 vols. 4to. 3. External Characters of Minerals, 1805, 8vo; od ed., 1817, Svo. 4. System of Mineralogy, 1804-08, 3 vols. Svo; 1816, 3 vols. 8vo ; 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. 5. Manual of Mineralogy, 1821, 8vo. 6. Elements of Mineralogy, 1840, p. Svo. In 1819, in conjunction with Sir David Brewster, Prof. J. commeuced the publication of the Edinburgh Philos. Jour., and was editorially connected with this periodical until his death. Ho also contributed articles to the Encyc, Brit., the Edin. Cyc, the Trans, of the Wer- nerian Soc, (founded by Prof. J.,) Mc. Jour., and Thom. Ann. Phil.is. See Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1854; Blackw. Mag., ii. 20; vii. 331; xii. 45; xiiii. 860. Jamesou, Robert F. Historical Tales of the Re- formation in the Southwest Provinces of France and Navarre, Lon., 1839, 12mo. Jamesou, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1789-92. Jamesou, Thomas, M.D. Med. Ueatises, Ac, 1792- Jamesou, Wm., Prof, of Hist, in the Univ. of Glas- gow. Spiciiegia Antiquitatum Egypti atque ei Vicimarum Gentium, Glasg., 1720, Svo. ''This work coutains occasional illustrations of the Scriptures, and discovers considerable actiuaiuUince with ancient literatuie, and wuh the geography of Palestine and Egj-pt.''— t><-)/ie's Biljl. Bih. Jameson pub. several theolog. treatises, 168IJ-1713. Jamesou, Wm. Essay on Virtue and Harmony, Edin., 1749, 12mo. This is an attempt to reconcile the various theories of moral obligation. Jamiesou, Mrs., pub. several novels, books of travels, and histories, and The First, or Mother's Dictionary, the 8th ed. of which appeared in 1851, 18mo. Jamiesou, Alexander. Mechanics for Practical Men; 4lh ed., Lon., 1S45, Svo; 1850, Svo. "A great meehauical treasure."— Ur. Birkheck. Other works on mathematics, geography, history, logic, rhetoric, and tales. Jamiesou, James. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731-36. Jamieson, Johu, D.D., 1759-1838, a native of Glas- gow, minister of the Anti-Burgher Secession Church in Scotland, stationed at Forfar, 1781-97; at Edinburgh, 1797-1838. His best-known works are the following: 1. Serins, on the Heart, Edin., 1789-90, 2 vols. Svo. ''Very powerful and seareliJug Seiiiious on this subiect." — Sickersleth's C. H. 2. A Vindic. of the Doct. of Scripture and of the Primi- tive Faith cone, the Deity of Christ, Lon., 1794, 2 vols. Svo. "A very able and learned reply to Priestley's History of Early Opinions." — Btckf.rd€th's C. S. "I am ineliued to think the imioirer will find more satisfaction m Dr. Jamieson tlian in ]ii>luq, limvlev."— C/rme's BM. Bib. 3. Use of Sacred History. ISO:.', 2 vols. Svo. "Very important, and cak"ulated to be very useful."— Orme's Stbl. Bib. 4. Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, Edin., 1S08-09, 2 vols. 4to, £i is. Abridged edit., 1818, Svo, 14«. Supp. to the large edit., 1825, 2 vols. 4to, making in all 4 vols. 4to, 1808-09, '25; 2d ed., enlarged, including Supp., edited by John Johnstone, Lon., 1840-41, S Parts iu 4 vols. 4to. Parts 1-4 comprise a now ed. of the Dictionary; Parts 5-8 a new ed. of the Supp. Only 350 copies were pub., at fS 8s. Abridged, 1846, Svo, £1 1».; 1S50, Svo, 12». This is one of the most valuable lexico- graphical works ever issued. The erudition, patience, and industry of the author are beyond jiraise: his accu- racy, however, is not always beyond question. But who is to decide where there must be so much of mere conjec- ture? We may bo allowed to suggest that the philologist should secure, as a companion for Jamieson's Dictionary, Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum, pub. by The Highland So- ciety, 1825, 2 vols. 4to, £7 7».; large p.aper, £10 10s.; con- densed edit., with additional words, £1 Is. This excellent work, on which Drs. McLcod and Dcwar expended much labour, is for the Gaelic (or Celtic dialect of Scotland) what Dr. Jamieson's is for the pure Scottish. A review of the la.«t-namcd work will be louud iu Edin. Rev., xiv. JAN 121-145. 5. Hermes Pcythiieus; or. The Radical Affinities of the Greek and Latin Languages to the Gothic, 1814, Svo. Dr. Noah Webster (see the Introduc. to his Diction- ary) thinks Jamieson in error in several positions advanced in this and the preceding work. 6. Hist. Account of the Ancient Culdees of lona, Edin., 1811, 4to. 7. Grammar of Rhetoric and Polite Literature, 1818, 12mo. Dr. J. pub. a number of single serms., some poems, Ac. See AVatt's Bibl. Brit. ; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, vol. v. ; Lon. Gent. Ma"- Oct. 1838. Jamiesou, Robert, Popular Ballads and Songs from Tradition, MSS., and Scarce Edits., Edin, 1S06, 2 vols. Svo. "This work .... opened a new discovery respecting the ori- ginal source of the .Scottish Ballads. . . . Mr. Jamieson's annota- tions are also very valuable."— Sir Walter Scott: Introduc. Jie- marks on ropidar Poetry, Jamieson, Robert, minister of Currie. 1. Manners and Trials of the Primitive Christians ; 2d ed., Lon., 184 1, fp. Svo. Highly praised. 2. Eastern Manners illustra- tive of the Old Test. Hist., Edin., 1836, 18mo; new ed., Lon., 1843, ISmo: 3. Of the Gospels, 1837, ISmo; Edin., 1838, ISmo; 4. Of the Epistles, 1841, ISmo: 3d ed. of Eastern Manners illust. of the N. Test. Hist., 1851, 12mo. 5. Third ed. of Prof Geo. Paxton's Illust. of Scrip, from the Geography, Natural Hist., and Manners and Customs of the East, 1842, 4 vols. 12mo. Mr. J. also edited The Excitement, or A Book to induce Young People to Read; an annual publication issued from 1830 to '47 inclusive. Jamieson, Robert, D.D., minister of St. Paul's Church, Glasgow. 1. Cyclopa'diaof Religious Biography, Glasg. and Lon., 1853, p. Svo. A very useful compendium. 2. Scripture Readings, 1853, fp. Svo. Jamiueau, I. Mt. 'Vesuvius; Phil. Trans., 1755. Jaue, Joseph. Icon Aclastes, or the Image Un- broken; being a Defence of the Icon Basilice against Mil- ton's Icon Aclastes, 1651, 4to. Anon. Jane, Joseph. Righteousness, Brist., 1766, Svo. Jaue, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1075-92. Jaues, Robert. 1. The Psalter and Canticles pointed for Chanting; new ed., Lon., 1S43, 32mo; 1S52, 32mo. 2. Hymns and Canticles used in the Morning and Evenin" Service; new ed., 18mo and 12mo. Janes, Thomas. 1. Serms., Brist., 1771, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Beauties of the Poets, Lon., 1777, Svo. Sea Atmore's Methodist Memorial. Janeway, Jacob J., D.D., 1774-1858, a native of the city of New York, graduated at Columbia College, 1794, became a Presbyterian minister, (was also for some time connected with the Reformed Dutch Church,) and filled seve- ral important ecclesiastical posts. For a number of years before his death he was a resident of New Brunswick, N. Jer- sey. 1. Expos, of the Epist. to the Romans, Phila., ISmo. 2. Expos, of the Epist. to the Hebrews, 18mo. 3. Internal Evidence of the Holy Bible, 12mo. 4. Expos, of the Acts of the Apostles, 24mo. 5. Communicant's Manual, ISmo. 6. On Unlawful Marriage, N. I'ork, 1844, ISmo. 7. Let- ters on the Abrahamic Coven.ant. 8. Mode of Baptism. 9. Essays on the Inability of Sinners. 10. Letters on the Atonement. 11. Review of Sohatf on Protestantism. 12. With the Rev. Samuel Miller, D.D., The Christian Edu- cation of the Children and Youth in the Presbyterian Church, Phila., ISmo. A biographical notice of Dr. Jaue- way will bo found in the (Phila.) Presbyterian Magazine, May, 1853. Jane way, James, 1636-1674, a Non-conformist divine at Rotherhithe, pub. four single serms., 1671-74; the Lil'o of his brother John, 1673, 8vo; The Saint's Encourage- ment to Diligence, a Legacy to his Friends, 1675, 8vo ; a Token for Children, 1676, Svo, often reprinted ; and Heaven upon Eaith, 1677, Svo. See the ed. of the last, with a Hist, of the Janeway Family, by Rev. F. A. Cox, D.D., 1S47, sm. Svo. See also Athen. Oxon. ; Granger's Biog. Hist, of Eng. ; Calamy; Robt. Hall's Works," ed. 1853, iv. 434-437. Jauuey, i^amuel L. Poems. See South. Lit. Mess., V. 605. Janney, Samuel M., b. Loudon co., Va., ISOl, a member of the Society of Friends. 1. The Country School- House, a pri-ze poem, 1825. 2. Conversations on Religious Subjects, 12mo, 1835; 3d ed., Phila., 1843. 3. The Last of the Lenape; and other poems, 12mo, 1839. See South. Lit. Mess., V. 506. 4. A Teacher's Gift, 1840. 5. An Historical Sketch of the Christian Church, 1847. 6. Life of William Penn, with selections from his correspondeuee and autobiography, Phila., r. Svo, 1S52; 3d ed., 1856, cr. Svo. , , . JAIf JAR "Our author has acquitted himself in a manner worthy of his l Bubjoct. Hi9 style id easy, flowing, and yet sententious. Alto- gether, we consider it a highly valuable addition to the literature of our age, and a work that should find its way into the library of every Friend."— i^rWHti.':' Tntdliffencfr, Pliila. The last ed. contains an appendix in which the stric- tures of Mr. Macaulay are examined. 7. The Life of Geo. Fo.x, with dissertations on his views concerning the doctrines, testimonies, and discipline of the Christian Church, 8vo, 1853; 2d ed., 1856, cr. 8vo. See Living Age, xl. 232; Fox, George, p. 025. Nos. 6 and 7 have been favourably received in England. Janson, B. Dutch and Eng. Dictionary, 1793, 4to. Jaiison, Charles William, "late of the State of Rhode Island," resided in America from 1793-1806. 1. The Stranger in America, Lon., 1S07, 4to. Severely con- demned in the Edin. Rev. for April, 1S07, hut more fa- vourably noticed (by John Foster) in the Eclectic Review; and see Foster's Essays, 1850, i. 44-62. Other notices of the work will be found in the foliowing English periodicals for 1807: Month. Rev., May; Anti-Jacobin Rev., June; Oxford Rev., June ; Eclectic Rev., June ; European Mag., May ; Monthly Mirror, May ; Modern Plutarch, May ; Sporting Mag., April; Cabinet, July; and see Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 29. 2. Condition of the States of Barbary, 1816, 12mo. Jau8seu, Sir Stephen Theodore, Bart, Cham- berlain of London. 1. Smuggling Laid Open, Lon., 1763, '67, 8vo. 2. Letter to Lord-Mayor Beckford, 1770, 4to. 3. Some of Janssen's MSS. were pub. in Charles King's Collee. of Papers rel. to the Trade and Com. of G. Brit, and Ireland, 1743, 3 vok. 8vo. JaniLS, Jun. Essays in Verse, Lon., 1766, 12mo. Jaques, John. The Hist, of Junius and his Works, Lon., 1843, cr. 8vo. See Junius. Jaques, Wm. See Jacques. • Jardiue, Lt. Transit of Venus, Ac. ; Phil. Trans., 1769. Jardine, Major Alexander. Letters from Barbary, France, Spain, Portugal, Ac, Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo; 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. Anon. Jardine, David. 1. General Index to Howell's State Trials, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 2. Criminal Trials, 1832- 35, 2 vols. 12mo. Part of the series of the Library of Entertaitiing Knowledge. 3. A Reading on the Use of Torture in the Criminal Law of England, 1837, 8vo. '■A very learned and ingenious Reading." — T. B. Macaulay: Crit. and Hist. Essai/s, Lfm., 1S54; ii. ISO, n.. <;. v. 4. A Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, 1857, 12mo. The Athenaeum of Feb. 7, 1857, (p. 181,) and the Gent. Mag. of Feb. 1857, (p. 213,) give very different accounts of this book, which may be called a new ed. of vol. ii, of Mr. Jardine's Criminal Trials. Jardine, David B., minister of the Unitarian Chapel, Bath. 1. Three Discourses, Lon., 1792, cr. 8ro. 2. Serms. from his MSS., with his Life, Ac. by Rev. J. P. Estlin, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Jardine, George, 1743-1827, Prof, of Logic and Rhetoric in the Univ. of Glasgow, 1774-1827. Outlines of Philosophical Education, Glasg., 1818, Svo; 2d ed., enlarged, 1825, Svo. " Contains much valuable matter in the nature of remarks upon the present mode of teucliiug in our universities, with suggestions towards a reform." — Wi;stiiiir/sUi- l^ev. " It is most admirably calculated for the education of youth, and worthy of all the praise that can be bestowed upon it." — Blaclcw. Mag., July, ISIS, g. v. An interesting biographical sketch of Professor Jardine will be found in Blackwood's Mag., March, 1827. Jardine, John. See Fobbes, John H. Jardine, L. J., M.D. Letter from Pennsylvania to a Friend in England, Lon., 1795, Svo. Contains advice upon the subject of emigration. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 392. Jardiue, William, Surgeon, R.N. Essay on Surgi- cal Instruments, Edin., 1814, '15, Svo. Jardiue, Sir William, Bart. 1. British Salmo- nidai, Pts. 1 and 2, Lon., 1839-41, each £3 3a. 2. Na- tural Hist, of Humming-Birds. New ed., 1841, 2 vols. Svo, £2 2s. This work composes vols. i. and ii. of the Naturali.^t's Library: see No. 3, and see Gould, John, No. 10. 3. Naturalist's Library, 1833-43, 40 vols. 12mo; 1200 col'd plates, £12, or 6s. per. vol. People's edit., 1845-50, £9, or 48. 6d. each vol. "This book is perhaps the most interesting, the moat beautiful, and the cheapest series ever offered to tlie public." — Lnn. Athemrum. The Illustrations, apart from the descriptive matter, were issued in 1846, Ac. in Parts at ba. each. In the preparation of this valuable series, Sir Wm. Jardine was assisted by Swainson, Watcrhouse, Macgillivray, Bushnan, Selby, Scomburgh, Col. Hamilton Smith, Dr. Hamilton, and the Rev. James Duncan. Each vol. (sold separately) contains a memoir of a celebrated naturalist. Sir Thomas Dick Lauder and Capt. Thomas Brown commenced in November, 1833, the issue of The Miscellany of Natural History, the design of which, the Loudon Athenfeum de- clares, was taken from the work just noticed. See Athen., 1833, 802-804. 4. Ichnology of Annandalo, 8 Pts. fol., 1852, each £1 Is. 5. Contributions to Ornithology,' 4 series, 1S48-51, £3 9«. for all. 6. With Prideaux John Selby, Illustrations of Ornithology, Edin., 1829-45, 3 vols. 4to, £10 10«. ; large paper, £15 15s., 150 col'd plates, and 150 duplicates, plain. "This is a very excellent and valuable work, as indeed the talent employed on it suflieiently ensures. The plates are beautifully coloured, and the letter-press accurately and well written. We strongly recommend it to our scientific readers." — Neville Wood. The editor's assistants in this work were J. E. Bicheno, J. G. Children, John Gould, Major-General llardwieke, Dr. Horslield, R. Jameson, Sir T. Stamford Raffles, and N. A. Vigors. To Sir Wm. Jardine we are also indebted for the Notes and the Life of the author in Wilson's American Ornithology, (with Prince Lucieu Buonaparte's Continuation,) Lon., 1832, 3 vols. Svo; (Amer. ed., with Synopsis by "T. M. Brewer, N. York, 1854, Svo;) an ex- cellent edit, of White's Natural Hist, and Antiq. of Sel- borne ; Memoirs of Hugh Edwin Strickland, M.A., with his Scientific W^ritings, 1S5S, imp. Svo; contributions to the Annals of Natural History, Ac. See Hooker, Sir William Jackson, K.H., D.C.L., Ac. *' Sir William Jardine, an excellent practical observer." — Blackvj. Mag., xlvii. 535. Jarman, D. E., of Bedford Episcopal Chapel, St. George's, Bloomsbury. 1. Romish Monument, Lon., 1850. 2. Faith's Trial, 1852. 3. Young Protestant, 1855. Jarman, Henry. New Prac. Ct. of Chancery, Lon., 1S53, 12mo; 2d cd., enlarged, 1854, 12mo. " It is most ably executed." — Lon. Law Mag. Jarman, R. Jour, of a Voy. to the South Seas, 1839. Jarman, Thomas. 1. A Treat, on Wills, Lon., 1S41- 44, 2 vols. r. Svo; 1st Amer. ed., by J. C. Perkins, Bost., 1845, 2 vols. Svo; 3d Amer. ed., by J. C. P., enlarged, 1865, 2 vols. Svo. A new English ed. is now in press. 'This is by far the best Treatise on W^ills in the language. Mr. Perkins has greatly enhanced the value of the book. See Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1845, 573, 574, 929; Warren's Duties of Attorneys and Solicitors, 1851, 384-385; Shars- wooJ's Profess. Ethics, 1854, 126; 5 Jurist, 669; vi. 485; 8 Law Rec, 428; 3 Law Mag., 347; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 420. "The notes added to the edition in two volumes [1845] by J. C. Perkins, Esq., have given increased value to that full and excellent work, which .appears to be the most methodical aud thorough treatise which we have ou the subject." — 4 Kent's Linn., 504, n., ed 1864. 2. Conveyancing. See Bvthewood, W. M. Of Sweet's ed., vols. i.~vii., ix., xi., and xii. (no vols. viii. and x.) have been pub., 1839-60. See Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1845, 674. 3. Forms of Wills : see Hayes, Wsi., No. 8. Jarratt, J. H. Trans, of Gianuto and Selenus's Works on Chess, 1817, 2 vols. Svo. Jarrett, Thomas, Prof, of Hebrew and Anibic ia the Univ. of Cambridge. Hebrew and English Lexicon and Grammar, Lon., 1848, Svo. Jarrold, Thomas, M.D., of Manchester. 1. Dis- sertation on Man, in answer to Maitbus ou Population, Lon., 1806, Svo. " Have you seen a good book in reply to Maitbus, by Dr. Jar- rold?" — Sout/tey to J. Ridanan, May '2~i, 18U7. " A book where the question of population is discussed with real originality, aud where true philosophy and true piety euhghten and support each otlier." — Lon. Qiuir. Bcv. 2. Letter to S. Whitbread on the Poor-Laws, 1807. 3. Anthropologia, 1808, 4to. 4. Con. to Ann. of Med., ISOl. Jarrom, T. Discourses on Rom. ix., Wisbech, 1827, 12mo. "Non-Calvinistic, but practical." — Bicl-ersteth's C. S. Jarry, General. Light Infantry, Lon., 1803, 12mo. Jarves, James Jackson, of Massachusetts. 1. Hist, of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, Bost., 1843, Svo; Lon., 1843, Svo. " Mr. Jarves spent four years among the Hawaiian group, and devoted himself most diligently to the study of all matteis concern- ing it. The result is truly refreshing."— iiijnCs Merchant's Mag., ix. 15,111. ^ t, y, 2. Scenes and Scenery of the Sandwich Ishmds, Bost., 1844, 12mo; Lon., 1844, 12mo. 3. Scenes and Scenery in California, Bost., 12mo. 4. Parisi.an Sights and French Principles seen through American Spectacles, New York, 1855, 12mo. 5. Art Hints: Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, Lon., 1855, p. Svo; N. York, 1855, 12mo. Com- mended in the highest terms by the London Athenseum 9i5 JAR for June 30, antl by the North American Review for Oc- tober, 1855. Severely criticized by Putnam's Magazine for Sept. 1855. The London Art-Union and London Spectator are also to be added to the list of tbe eulogists of Mr. Jarves's Art Hints. 6. Italian Sights and Papal Principles seen through American Spectacles, 1866, 12mo. 7. Parisian Sights and French Principles seen through American Spectacles; Second Series, 185C, 12mo. "We have some recollection of the 'First Series' as not diFSigrec- able, nor without Bmartncss: but if such was the character ol that work, it cannot be continued to this one. . . . This book does not belong to the Library of Cheap Literature : it would be dear at the lowest price."— ion. Athemcum, March 1, 1856. 8. Kiana: a Tradition of Hawaii, 1857, p. 8vo. Jarvis, Abraham, D.D., 1739-1813, a native of Nor- walk. Conn., grad. at Yale College, 1761: Bishop of the Prot. Epis. Church in the Slate of New York, 17'J7. He pub. a Serm. on the death of Bishop Seabury, (whom he succeeded,) and one on the Witness of the Spirit. Jarvis or Jervas, Charles, d. about 17-10, a printer, pub. a trans, of Don Qui.xote, 1742, 2 vols. 4to. Several edits. Motteux's is a better trans, than Jarvis's. Re- Bpectini' edits., Ac. of Don Quixote, see Ticknor's Hist, of Spanish Lit., vols. ii. and iii. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. : Sales's edit, of Don Quixote, in Spanish, Bost, 1836, 2 vols. 12mo; a roview of this edit, by Wm. H. Pres- cott, the historian, in N. Amer. Rev., July, 1837, and in Prescott's Miscellanies, 1855, 123-175; John Bowie's edit, of Don Quixote, 1781, 6 vols. -tto; (see Bowle, John ;) Ed- mund Gayton's Festivious Notes upon Don Quixote, 1654, fob; 17(18, 12mo; (see Gayto.n, Edmund.) luformution concerning Jarvis will be found in Bowles's ed. of Pope; Ruffhead's Life of Pope, p. 147, 4th ed. ; Walpole's Anec- dotes of Painting. "I never read a thing with more ple.TSure than an additional sheet to Jerviui's prefiu;e to Dou Quixote: bel'.ae 1 got over two paragraphe 1 cried out, 'Aut Krasmus, ant Diabolus.' "— Pope. The most beautiful edit, of Don Quixote in English is that pub. by Tilt in Loudon, 1838, 3 vols. Svo, £2 10s.; again, 1843, 2 vols. r. Svo; ag.ain, by Willoughby, 1852, 2 vols. r. 8vo, £2 1«. ; 2 vols, in 1, Svo, lOs. Ii,l. This is Jarvis's trans, revised aud corrected, with 8UU wood-en- gravings, after the designs of Tony Johanuot, and 16 addit. plates by Cosmo Armstrong. A revised trans, for general reading, with illustrations by Warren, was pub. by Burns in London, in 1848, fp. Svo, 6s. This is the proper edit, for the ladies' parlour. Another revised traus., formed on those of Motteux, Jarvis, and Smollett, with 18 cuts by Armstrong, aud 32 after Johanuot, was pub. in London in 1842, £1 8». ; the same, with only the usual 18 cuts by Armstrong. 18s. Jarvis, Charles, Prof, of Music, Philadelphia. Piano- Forte Instructor, Phila., 1852, foL This work reached the 7th ed. in aljout two years. Jarvis, Edward, M.D., b. at Concord, Mass., a resi- dent of Dorchester, Mass. 1. Practical Physiology, Phila., 1848, 12mo. Sale to Sept. 1854, 14,000 copies. 2. Pri- mary Physiology for Schools, 1849, 12mo. Sale to Feb. 1852, 10,000 copies. "Well adapted, by its accuracy, comprehensiveness, and the popular language in which it is expressed, to be a jiroper and valu- able book for the purpose which it was designed to fill."— JoUN C. Warre.n, M.D., of Bost^jn. Commended by other high authorities. Dr. Jarvis has pub. a number of pamphlets on various branches of medi- cal science, and contributed to the leading American medical journals. Jarvis, Samuel Farmer, D.D., LL.D., 1787-1851, a son of Bishop Jarvis, (■i"^,) and a native ot Muldletown, Conn., was educated at Vale College, ordained deacon in 1810, and priest in ISU ; Rector of St. Michael's Church, Bloomingdale, New York, ISU; of St. James's, New York, (held iu conjunction with the former,) 1813; Prof of Bib- lical Criticism in the (Episcopal) General Theological Seminary, New York, 1810-20; first Rector of St. Paul s Church, Boston, 1820-26; travelled in Europe, 1826-35; Prof of Oriental Literature in Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, 1835-37; Rector of Christ Church, Middletown, 1837-42 ; appointed Historiographer of the Church by the General Convention (Prot. Epis. Church) of 1838. From 1842 until his death Dr. Jarvis devoted his time chieUy to the preparation of an ecclesiastical his- tory, (commended to his care by the General Convention of 1S38,) portions of which were pub. in 1S44 and 1850. Bee Nus. 5, 8. 1. A Discourse on the Religion of the In- dian Tribes of North Aluerica. N. York, 1820, Svo. Fa- vourably reviewed by John Pickering in the N. Amer. Uev., July, 1S20. 2. Discom-se on Regeneration, 1821. 96ti JAY 3.- Discourse on Christian Unity, 1837. 4. Scrms. on Prophecy, 1843, 1 vol. 5. No Union with Rome, 1843, pamph. 6. A Chronological Introduction to the Hist, of the Church, being anew Inquiry into the True Dates of the Birth and Death of our Lord aud Saviour Jetus Christ, and containing an original Harmony of the Four Gospels, now first arranged in the order of time, Lon., 1844, Svo; Bost., 1845, Svo. "Dr. Jarvis has exhibited accuracy and fidelity as an historian, the ripest judgment and the clearest reasoning as a commentator upon the intricate authorities on which he had to build his founda- tion for inquiry, and has shown himself an accomplished scholar, fully equal to the task committed to his charge. The work is a foundation on which the Christian historian and theologian may build; for the materials are solid, and the work admirably exe- cuted." — Lon. PiAyUdadc lievittw. " A learued work on New Testament Chronology, by an American divine (Dr. Jarvis, of Connecticut) of standing and reputation. It is quite pleasant to find the daughter-church rearing chronologers and scholars; and we commend Dr. J.'s undertaking to the candid estimate and patronage of the learned." — Ltm. Chris. Rememb. " A thorough and comprehensive analysis of all the evidence ex- tant, whether sacred or profane, upon the most difflcult and im- portant points in ecclesiastical chronology,— vi7..: the precise years ot the birth and death of our Sariour. ... A work of extraordinary research.'' — Uisuop Do.\ne. of New Jersey. See also New Englander. v. 215; vi. 378. (both by J. L. Kingsley;) N. York Church Rev., i. 82, (by S. F. Jarvis;) Bost. Chris. Exam., xxxviii. 412 ; Meth. Quar. Rev., v. 269. 7. The Colonies of Heaven ; a, Serm., 1846. 8. A Reply to Dr. Milner's End of Controversy, so far as the Churches of the English Communion are concerned, N. York, 1847, 12mo. See Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2d Ser., ii. 20. 9. The Church of the Redeemed ; or. The Hist, of the Mediatorhal Kingdom. 2 vols., containing the First Five Periods ; from the Fall of Adam in Paradise to the Rejection of the Jews aud the Calling of the Gentiles, voh i., Bost., 1850, Svo, pp. 662. This is all that was published. See N. York Church Rev., iv. 112. Shortly after this voh was issued from the press, the author was attacked by the disease which terminated his earthly existence, March 26, 1851, in the 65th year of his age. In addition to the literary labours already noticed. Dr. Jarvis contributed several articles to the N. Y'ork Church Review, edited in 1844 an American edit, of Thomas Hartwell Home's Mariolatry, (see No. 37, under his name,) and m.ade some progress in the preparation of a work on Egypt. Jaudoii, Daniel, Thomas Watson, and Ste- phen Addingtou. English Orthographical Expositor; new ed., Phila., 1857. Jay, Sir James, M.D., d. in New York, 1815, a bro- ther of Chief Justice John Jay, pub. two Letters (one Lon., 1771, Svo, the other 1774, Svo) rel. to the Collection made for the Colleges of New York and Philadelphia, and a work on the Gout, 1772, Svo. Jay, John, 1745-1829, a native, and from 1795 to 1801 Governor, of the State of New York, one of the Ijrincipal promoters of the cause of American Independence, after filling many important public posts was in 1789 ap- pointed by General Washington Chief- Justice of the United States. He wrote Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 64 of The Federalist, a number of State Papers, amoug which is the celebrated Address to the People of Great Britain, in 1774, the Cor- respondence between himself and Lewis Littlepage; 2d ed., 1786, Ac. See the Lite of John Jay, with Selections from his Corresp. and Miscell. Papers, by his son. Judge William Jay, N. York, 1S33, 2 vols. Svo; Lives of Jay and Hamilton, by Prof James Renwick, LL.D., ISmo; Geo. Van Santvoord's Sketches of the Lives aud Judicial Services of the Chiel'-Justices of the Supreme Ct. of the U. States, 1S54; Henry Flanders's Lives and Times of the Chief- Justices of the United States, vol. i., 1855; Corresp. of Daniel Webster, 1S57, i. 370 ; Amer. Annual Rei' 1827-20, 215-234; N' Amer. Rev., xvii. 142, (by F. 0. Gray;) N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 315, (by 0. W. B. Pea- body;) Amer. Whig Rev., ii. 59, (by W. 11. Y. Hackett;) Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 35; N. York Rev., ix. 273, (by i. L. Hawks;) Hamilton, Alexandek, in this Dictionary. "The general learning aud ability, and especially the prudence, the mildness, and the firmness of bis chnracter, ennnently fitted Mr. Jay to bo the head ot such a court, [Su|.r.iii.^ ti.iii t ol t le tuiteU States.! Wheu the spotless ermine of the judii uil rolie 1,11 oiiJohu Jay, it touched nothing less spotless than it.scU. ---Uox D.VN1EL \VEiiSTtn; .Sprcdi at I'aljUc Dinner at Aeui lorlc, March 10, 18J1, Webster's Wurl.s, lS6i, i. 201. . .„ . ■ •■Uov.-ninr .lay, one of our purest and most illustrious states- men."— Washinoton lEVlNO: Li/eof deonje Waslunuton. Jay, John, b. 1S17, a son of Judge William Jay, and grandson of the preceding, graduated at Columbia College, New York, 1836, has pub. some pamphlets on the subject of slavery, &c. Jay, John C, of New York. A Cntjilogue of the Shells iu his Collection,- 4th ed., with a Supp., N. York. See Amer. Jour, of Science and Arts, Nov. 1S51. The value of Dr. Jay's collection of shells, and of his concho- logical library, is well known to the student in this de- partment. Dr. Jay's Catiilogue enimierates about 11,1)00 well-marked varietieSj and at least 7000 well-established species. Jay, Stephen, of Chiunor.Oxfurd. Serms,r. E. Williams's C. 1*. "Happily connects privilege and practice." — Bicker steWs C. S: "Uia sermons, like his other publications, are universally ad- mired, and permanently fixed the writer's reputation. . . . One great charm of this divine's works is the catholic spirit which per- vades them. The dissenter seldom intrudes, the sectarian never appears; and Christians of all denominations may read his produc- tious withiuit finding anv violence done to their party prcditec- tionB."— /.<')/ ';i(/^Vs Brit. Lib., 657, 903. "Ilia works are very practical and devotional." — BickersUUCs as. "Mr. Jay's Works have held a high place in the e.stimation of the religious world for more than tlio average duration of human life." — Lon. AthenKUm. JEB Articles upon Jny*s Works will be found in the Prince- ton Review, v. 361), and in the N. York Method. Quar. Rev., V. .335. See also European Mag., June, 1819j Lon. Athenaeum, 1S54, 555, 1163, 1198; Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1854. Jeacocke, Abraham. Two Sernis., 1702, both 8vo. Jeacockt', falcb, d. 1786. A Vindie. of 8t. Paul against Bolinghroke and nther.s. Lon., 1765, Svo. Jeacocke was a literary baker, and a famous debater at the Robin Hood Speaking-Society, where Edmund Burke, and others of after oratorical distinction, resorted in early life. Jeaffreson, J. Cordy. 1. Crew Rise; a Novel. Lon., 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Isabel : The Young Wifo and the Old Love. 1857. 3 vols. p. Svo. Commended by the Athen- aeum, (1857, 212.) Examiner. Observer, Messenger, and John Bull. 3. Novels and Novelists from Elizabeth to "Victoria. 1858, 2 vols. See Lon. Athcn., Pt. 2. 134, 235. Jeatlreson, W. On Diseases of the Eye, Lon., 1844, Svo. Jeakes, Samuel. 1. Arithmetic, Lon., 1701, fol. 2. Charters of the Cinque Ports, 1728, fol. 3. Short- Hand; Phil. Trans.. 1748. Jeamson, Thomas. Artificial Embellishments, Oxon., 1665, Svo. Jeaues, Henry, 1611-1662, a native of AUensaye, Somersetshire, educated at Hart Hall. Oxford, obtained the rectories of Beercrocombe, Capland, and Chedzoy, Somersetshire. He pub. several theolog. treatises, and to him is ascribed The Image Unbroken, 1651, 4to, an an- swer to Milton's Iconoclastes. Watt ascribes this answer to Joseph Jane. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; He- ber's ed. of Jeremy Taylor's Works. "Honest J canes."— CottMi Mather's Essaj/s to do Good. Jeans, George, Practical Astronomy for the Un- learned, Lon.. 1848, p. Svo. Jeans, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1791, Svo Jeans, Thomas, M.D. The Gout, Lon., 1792, Svo. Jeary, O. A. 25 Sernis, Lon., 1817, Svo. "The texts arc all discusf:;ea in a practical manner. The aiithor has evidently aimed throughout at usefulness.'' — Dr. J. Leifcuild, tlie editor. Jebb. Life of Robert, Earl of Leicester, 1727. Svo. Jebb, Lieut. -Col. J. N. 1. Defence and Attack of Outposts; 3d ed., Lon., 1849, Svo. 2. Manual for tho Military, 1853, 12mo. Jebb, Major. Construction and Ventilation of Mo- dern Prisons, Lon., 4to. Jebb, John, M.D., 1730-1786, a native of London, educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, and at Peter House, Camb., of which he became Fellow ; Rector of Ovington, Norfolk, 1764; resigned his gown on account of having embraced Socinianism, and became a student of physic, 1775. Whole Works, Theological. Medical, Political, and Miscellaneous, with Memoirs of Life of the Author, by John Disney, D.D., Lon., 1787, 3 vols. Svo. See his Memoirs as above; Dar- ling's Cyc. Bib., vol. i. 1646. Dr. Jebb was a man of pro- found learning, and a zealous advocate of civil and reli- gious liberty. Dr. Watt, in his Bibl. Brit., has confounded this Dr. Jebb with Bishop Jebb. All the works ascribed by him to the latter, with the exception of the last two articles, should have been credited to John Jebb, M.D. Jebb, John, D.D., 1775-1833, a native of Drogheda, Ireland, educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, presented to the living of Abiugton, 1810; Bishop of Limerick, *fec., 1823. 1. Serm., 1803, Svo. 2. Scrms. on Subjects chiefly Prac- tical, 1815, Svo, 1S16, Svo, 1824, Svo, 1832, Svo. "The language is rich, vigorous, andunaffi-'cted; the style simple and commandins;; and the notes will be read with much satisfac- tion by the scholar and the divine." — BritisJt Critic. "Perhaps he approaches more closely the standard of the amiable and pious Fenelon, whose Ut'cply-si.iritual sentinn>rjts we cunld sometimes fancy him to havo ciiuiniittLd witli the .sii|iii i..i- energy of a Massillon or a Bourdaxoue."~/>i*h. C/irisfion Ol '.•<>' n;-r. 3. Sacred Literature; comprising a Review of tlie Prin- ciples of Composition laid down by Bp. Lowth in his Prselectiones and Isaiah, &c., 1820, '28, Svo, 1S31, Svo. "Archdeacon Jebb's Ssicred Literature has the highest clauns to the attention of every "biblical student, for its numerous bcautihil criticisms and elucidations of the New Testament." — T. 11. IIoRiNe: see Introduc. to the Scrip.; Bovs, Thomas, in this Dictionary. "In this learned and elegant work the author controverts some of Lowth's views of Hebrew poetry, and applies otbeiH of them to the interpretation of many pass;i;j;.-^ in tlh' N<\v T. ^tinii'iit. . . . No book of criticism has lately ajiin ;in(i niore wmlby ot attention from the biblical scholar, cr lui.rn ealrulated to recouuueud the study of the Scriptures." — (h-iur'.^i liibl. Bib. "It will be freely acknTir ;iU-iiii|iortant manifesto, the causes, the motives, and the justiliiatinii i.f this great movement in h\iman affairs; to have been permitted to give the impress and peculiarity of his own mind to a charter of public right, destined^ or. rather, let mo say. already elevated — to an importance, in the estimation of men, equal to any thing human, ever l.nrnenn parch- ment, or expressed in the visible signs of thi.uglit, — this is the glory of Tliomas Jefferson." — Edward Everett: Enh-gn on Adams and Jeferson, 1st of Aug. 1826. Everett's Orations and Speeclies, 1853, i. 131-149. From an historical sketch of the public life of Jefferson, by an eminent orator, still (1857) in the vigorous exercise of his remarkable faculties at the ripe age of almost four- score, we extract a few lines which will be accepted in whole, or with more or less reservation, as the political judgment of our readers may incline. "After Washington and Franklin, there is no person who tills so eminent a place among the great men of America as Jefferson. "Whether we regard his imiiortant services in the Revolutionary contest, or his subseiiuent assertion nf the priii'-ijiles upon which the separation was undertaken, — Imtti wliilr- h.- filli-d a subordin-ite station in Washington's presidi'ncy, tliw.irti'd by Iiis cnlleaguog, as well as at variance with his chief, and while he admini.stered him- self the government of that free and prosperous country, — no reasonable doubt can be entertained, that to his enlightened" views and to the firmness of his character it is indebted fur much of that freedom and prosperity." — Lord Broughajw: Jierieiu of Gftnjt Tucker's Life of Jefferson, F>.lin. Rev., 1S37: and in Brougham's cnUected Omtrih. to the Edin. Rev., Lon. and Ghtsg., 1856, iii. 443- 4S2. See Tucker, George. In addition to the authorities cited above, see Edin. Rev., li. 496; Westm. Rev., xiii. 312; Eclec. Rev., 4th Scr., V. 249; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxi. 277; Blaekw. Mag., XV. 509, xvi. 622, xvii. 67, xxx. 773, xxxiv. 296, 299; N. Amer. Rev., xxxix. 23S, xl. 170, {both by A. H. Everett,) 1. 511, (by A. Ritchie;) Amer. Whig Rev., xii. 33; Amer, Quar. Rev., i. 54, vii. 123 ; Democrat. Rev., xxvii. 193; N. York Rev.,i, 5; Niles's Reg., xiv. 173, xxiv. 193, xxx. 35, 280, 329, 345, 36S, 390, xxxi. 197. xliii., Supp., 37; South. Rev., V. 100; South. Lit. Mess., iii. 31, 304, iv. 207, vi. 642, (by A. P. Upshur,) xv. 574; Knick., vi. 394, 537; Phila. Mus., xxxii. 289. A new life of Mr. Jefferson, by Henry S. Randall, LL.D., was pub. in 1858, 3 vols. Svo. Dr. R. received from the representatives of Mr. Jefferson many family MSS., none of which had seen the light. See Randall, Henry. LL.D. JefTery, Jeffrey, or Geoflrey, of Moumouth. See Geoffrey of Monmohth. Jettery, John, 1647-1720, a native of Ipswich, en- tered of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1664; minister of St. Peter's of Mancroft, Norwich, 1678; Archdeacon of Norwich, 1694. A complete collection of his Serms. and Tracts, Lon., 1753, 2 vols. Svo. See Memoirs prefixed to the collection; Birch's Life of Tillotson. Jelfery was a friend uf Sir T. Browne. Jeffery, John. Serm., Lon,, 1809, Svo. Jeffery, Thomas, a Dissenting divine, settled at Little Baddow, Essex, 1726, pub. a Serm., 1726, Svo, and three tracts, treatises afjainst Anthony Collins, the in- fidel, 1725, "26, '28, all Svo. Of the one entitled a Re- view, Ac, 1726, Dr. Leland remarks: "This is drawn up in a clear and judicious manner, and was deservedly well esteemed.** — Deistical Writers, ed. 1S37, 79. Dr. Kennicott also commends Jeffery's answer to Collins, Jefferys, Nathaniel, M.P. for the city of Coventry, pub. tracts rel. to the Prince of Wales, Mrs. Fitzherbert, Ac, Lon., 1806, Svo, and an Account of Dublin, 1810. Jefferys, Thomas, Geographer to George III., pub. a number of atlases, historical, geographical, and other works, for a list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, vol. i. Jeffray, James, M.D. Carious Joints, Glasg., 1806. Jeffrey, Alexander. I. Guide to the Antiquitiea and Scenery of the Border, Lon., 1839, 18mo. 2. History and Antiquities of Roxburghshire, tlie woudtrful words of that now remarkable sage, rcijletr witli wi.^iiuiu, eloquence, and legal lore, — catching those bright jewels wliich he Bcattered as profusely over the musty pages of a trumpery Etcord as if he were engaged on some inmiortal work! Let our young barristers w ho crowded that court-room tell how the dull sliafts of legal argimient came back from his quiver tipped with silver, — how strangely and wonderfully the bright flawhes of his mind lighted up the darkest and dingiest recesses of tlie most technical walks of jurispnidence, — how known truths were decked, and dim, misty paths of logic were illumined, by hi.-* genius, — and how he seemed to have summoned the aid of all the Muses to assist at the solemnities of Themie. We may set; great lawyers and great judges in our day, but we shall never look upon his liJte again." — North British Review, xiii. 2S3. We should not omit to state that in 1820 Jeffrey was elected Lord-Rector of the University of Glasgow, a grate- ful tribute from his Alma Mater. Of the personal appearance of Lord Jeffrey we have the following portrait : "In person the subject of our memoir was of low stature; but his figiu-e, which he tiled to set off to the best advantage, was ele- gant and well proportioned. Ilis features were continually varying in expression, and were said to have baflled our best artists. The face waa rather elongated, the chin deficient, the mouth well formed, with a mingled expression of determination, sentiment, and mock- ery. The eye was the most peculiar feature of the countenance: it was large and sparkling, but with a want of transpareucy." — Sketclics of the Scottish Bar. It was in 1815 that Jeffrey "set up his rustic house- hold-gods'* at Craigcrook. near Edinburgh, where he con- tinued to pass his summers until the year of his death. There he entertained his numerous guests in a manner of which Lord Coekburn has given us a graphic picture : *'No unofficial house in Scotland," says his Lordship, ''has had a greater influence on literary or political opinion. Beautiful though the spot, as he has kept it, is, its deepest interest arises from its being the residence of such a man. Nothing can efface the days they have passed there from the recollection of his friends. Their rural festivities are dignified by his virtues and talents, by all oiu" Edinburgh eminence, and by almost every interesting stranger. The Craigcrook Saturdays during the summer session!" — Lard Cockhurn'e Memorials of his Time, 1S56. Lord Jeffrey was married twice, — first, in 1804, to Cathe- rine, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Wilson, of St. Andrew's; and secondly, in 1813, to Charlotte, daughter of Charles Wilkes, of New York, and grand-niece of the celebrated John Wilkes, of London. The history of the Edinburgh Review is one of the most interesting pages in the annals of English Literature; and ample details respecting this periodical, and its influence upon letters, will be found in the authorities quoted from or referred to in this article, and in other works familiar to many of our readers. It was successful from the com- mencement; and in the space of six years the circulation bad increased from 750 to about 9000. In 1813 the num- ber of each copy printed was 12,000 to 13,000. The radi- cal changes both in opinion and statutes introduced by its influence, at an early or later day, were remarkable in- deed : "To appreciate the valne of the Edinburgh Iteview, the state of England at the period when that journal began should bu had in reru-tn^brance. The Catholics were not emancipated — the Corpora^ tion and Test Act were unrepealed — the Game-Laws were horribly oppressive, Steel-Traps and Spring-Guns were set all over the Country — Prisoners tried for their lives could have no Counsel^ Lord Kldou and tlie Court of Chancery pressed heavily upon man- kind — Libel was punished by the most cruel and vindictive im- prisonments — the principles of Political Economy were little under- stood — tlie Law of Debt and of Conspiracy were upon the worst possible tVioting — the enormous wickedness of the Slave-Trade was tolerated — a thousand evils were in existence, which the talents of good and able men have since lessened or removed; and these etlects have been not a little assisted by the honest boldness of the Edinburgh Review."— Rev. Sydney Smith, June, lb39: Preface to his Works. '-Previous to 1802, the literary periodicals of Great Britain were repositories of miscellanies relating to art, poetry, letters, and gossip, — partly original and partly selected, — huddled together with- out system, and making up a medley as varied and respectable as a first-class weekly newspaper of the present day. The criticisms of books were jejune in the extreme, consisting chiefly of a few smart witticisms and meagre connecting remarks, stringing to- gether ample quotations from the work under review. They rarely ventured into deep water on philosophical subjects, and as seldom pushed out upon the tempestuoiis sea of political discussion. Per- haps one or two journal-^ might plead a feeble exception to the general rule, but the mass were 'weary, stale, flat, and unprofit- able.' The Edinburgh Review appeared. It bounded into the arena without the countenance of birth or station, without the imprimatur of the universities or literary clubs. Its avowed mis- sion was to erect a higher standard of merit and secure a bolder and a purer taste in literature, and to apply philosophical princi- ples and the maxims of truth and humanity to politics, aiming to be the manual of the scholar, the monitor of the statesman. As in its advent it hai ir-MMti. , . . The clia- iMi h iisticaof Mr. Jeffrey's general st\l. i- i ^M iirr correspond, we tluiik. with what we have stated as i\i<- rlcnartrrjstics of his mind. He is a master of the foils : he makes an exulting display of the dazzling fence of wit and argument. His strength consists in a great range of knowledge, an equal familiarity with the prinfijik-s and the details of a subject, and in a glancing brilliancy and rapid- ity of style. Indeed, we duubt whether the brilliancy of his man- ner does not resolve itself into the rapidity, the variety and aptness of his illustrations. His pen is never at a loss, never stands still ; and would dazzle for this reason alone, like an eye that is ever in motion. Mr. Jeffrey is far from a flowery or aftected writer : he has few tropes or figures, still less any odd startling thoughts (»r quaint innovations in expression; but he has a constant i^upply of ingenious solutions and pertinent examples; he never pro;?e!S, lu'vrr grows dull, never wears an argument to tatters: and. by the num- ber, the liveliness, and facility of his transitions, keeps that ai>- pearance of vivacity, of novel and sparkling effect, for which others are too often indebted to singularity of combiuatiun or tinsel ornaments.'' — HuzliWs Spirit of the Aye. No one denies all this: but less partial critics can see defects as well as beauties; and less partial critics there- fore must be allowed to give an opinion in the premises: "What then is wanting fi> enable him t-. fill the judgment-seat of criticism with honour lu Ijinis^ir and willi pniiit tu .itliers? He wants iuiagination. He not only li;i?> littlr im;iginatioii of his own. but he does not perceive that no work of genius can exist witliout it; that it is the preserving soul which makes works immortal. Wherever he has met with it, he looks upon it witli the eye of con- tempt, and ciists it from him, as the Arabs did the Oriental pearls in th.- wilderness. This is the chief secret of the scorn which he lias hvapid on the chief poets of the day: his reviews of Scott, ^\'ords- worih. Stiiithey, Coleridge, and Montgomery, all exhibit the ori- gin,! I drtii urny of the critic: they are not judged by their pens; he cum .t jiil^' them: they have risen beyond his reach, into the atiim.-phrrt.' of Imagination. To his upturned and wond'Thrj; fys, such lligUts are folly, and he thinks tli^it. ;;ciiius, li|;r AiiLimi-. n'lust die when it forsakes the ground. Had .I'dif-y jm -i---r,i iiii;,-iii;i- tion, he would never have penned the insulting revitw.-, to winch I allude. His criticisms did great injury to the cause of literature; his sarcastic strictures tamed down the elastic and bounding spirit of man; poets wrote with the fear of the critic upon them, and dreaded the universal laugh of the world. Uirds seldom sing well when the kite is in the air, and bards dre;uicd the Judge Jeffrey of our day as much as political offend, is dni.led the Judge Jef- freys of James tlie Second. By critii i-.iii- -ii. h :is this, true genius is defrauded of its fame for a time, .md r|.-;i[it und polished me- diocrity prospers and flourishes. Whnc an- many of the writers he has praised? gone to oblivion, with all their point and their glitter. Where are some of the writers he has traduced and abused? sitting on the highest pinnacles of fame.'' — Allan Gunninghaiii's Biog. and Cn't. Hist, of the LU. of the I^st Fifty Years, 1S33. " Such being the nature of true Poets and true poetry, and such the light in which they are regarded by the race whom they ele- vate, — what, pray, it may be asked, did Mr. Jeffrey mean t'other day, by saying that all the Poets of this Age are forgotten? [See Edin. Itev., No. 95.1 There are few people whom we love and ad- mire more than Mr. JeflVey, — thougli we believe he does not know it; but why will he, in his elegant and graceful way, speak such nonsense? Scott. Byron, Soutliey. Coleridge, Wordsworth, Moore, are, he assures us, already all forgotten — or nearly so.— fading away, — mere specks on the distant horizon of men's clouded memi>- riesi Why, our dear sir, you mi-ht just as w.-ll affirm that the stars are forgotten, because thoii-a 1 1. K,,i .Marliiul-; of people, coming and going to and from evening i-aiii'^ air ji.i at the time aM-are that the heavens are full of th. m, rliat ^-iMpiimis are watching by them on the hills, and sailors wuiling by them on the seas, and astronomers counting them in observatories and occasionally dis- covering one that had been invisible to the mole-eyes of men since the creation. Yet in all the nonsense Mr. Jeffrey ever spoke, or may speak, you always may find some grains of sense : for who doubts his sagacity and his genius? Not one of our great or good living Poets is forgotten at this hour by Mr. Jeffrey himself, nor any of those critiques of his own, eithpr,*in which he did noble justice to Borao of them and ignoble injustice to others, according to the transient or permanent moods by which lils fast.-. frelin,L'.and judg- ment were swayed. Nor are his criti.jur.^ tli-m-.-lvr^- Iikdy'to V- forgotten, — soon or ever; formanyof tlirm IkIuhij;, wl- v.ailv brli.'ve, to our philosophical literature, lint lli.-v hoM Uvq tenure of their existence by the existeiic of th.' p^Ttiv whi.'li ihfv sought to illus- trate or obscure: from thi- •Ln.ld.-n m n- ..i th . I'ucts' did he 'draw light,'— the light in whieli he is hini^.dt eun>ilrs. Her Memoirs. Lon., 1761,2 vols. 12mo. Jemmat, W'm, Serms., &c., Lon., 1G24, '44, Svo. Jemmett, \Vm, T, Acts rel. to Adminis. of Law in Cis. of Equity; 2d ed., Lon.. 1836, 12mo. Jenings, Abr, Miraculum Basilicon ; truly exhibit- ing the wonderful Preservation of his sacred Majesty after the Battle of Worcester. Lon., 1GG4, Svo. Jenings, Edward. See Jenvnge.s. Jenings, John. Serm., Lon., 1701, 4to. Jenison, Hobert. Serms., Ac., Lon., IG2I-48. Jenison, Hobert, The P(tpi^h Plot. Lon., 1G79. fol. Jenkin, Robert, D.D., 1G56-1727, a native of Min- ster, Thauet, Lady Margaret's Prof, of Divinity, pub. several theolog. works, of which the best-known is the one entitled The Reasonableness and Certainty of the Chris- tian Religion, 1696-97, 12mo. Of this work there were 6 edits. : the best is that of 1734, 2 vols. Svo. "On the antiiiuity, the inspiration, the style, the canon, the various readings, the chronology, the obscurity. &c. of the Scrip- tures, his reasonings and statements are well deserving of atten- tion."— Orme's Bibi Bib. I Also recommended by Bishops Cleaver, Watson, and , Tomline. j Jenkin, Thomas, Miracles, Camb., 1750, Svo. j Jenkin, Wni. See Jexkv.v. I Jenkins, Alex. Hist, of Exeter, Exet., 1806, Svo. JEN JEN - Jenkins, Capt. C. England's Triumph; or, Spanish Cowar^lieo Expos'tl, 1739, 8vo. Contains the Exploits of Hawkins, Drake. Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir Ricliard Grenvil, Capt. Cavendish's Voyage, Blake, Wnger. A'C. Jenkins, Charles, 17S6-1S31, minister of Portland, Miiinc, pub. several serms. and ?ome poems, 1830-32. Jenkins, David, lo86?-lfi67, one of the judges for South Wiiles, distinguished fur his loyalty to, and suffer- ings for, the cause of Charles I., pub. in 1648, 12mo, his Wurks, consisting of his vindication, occasional tracts, &c., which, with some legal treatises, &c., were written in prison. He is best known by his Ei2;ht Centuries of Re- ports Ex. Ch. and in Error, 4 Hen. III.-21 Jae. I, {1228- 1623;) 3d ed., Lon., 1771-77; his treatise Lex Terra; Anglii», 16i7, 4vo ; and his Pacis Consulturn, 1057, Svo. See Athen. Oxon. ; Bridginau's Leg. Bibl. ; I\Iarvin's Leg. Bibl., and authorities there cited; Wallace's Reporters j Disraeli's Comment on the Life and Reign of Charles I. Jenkins, Jeremiah. Medical work, Lon., ISIO, Svo. Jenkins, John, d. 1823. Art of Writing, 1805. Jenkins, John S, 1. Generals of the Last War with G. Britain, Auburn, N.Y., 12mo. 2. Life of James K. Polk, 12mo. 3. Lives of the Governors of the State of New York, 8vo. 4. Lives of Patriots and Heroes of the American Revolution, 18mo. 5. Political Hist, of New York, 8vo. 6. New Clerk's Assistant ; la.st ed., 1855, Svo. 7. Life of Silas Wright. 8. Hist, of the Mexican War, ]2uio. 9. The Heroines of History, 1S53, 12mo. 10. Life of Andrew Jackson ; new ed., 1855, 12mu. 11. Pacific and Dead Sea Expeditions. Jenkins, Joseph, a Baptist minister, pub. several serms. and theolog. treatises, 1775-1805. Jenkins, Sir Leoline, 1623-1685, a distinguished statesman and civilian, Judge of the Admiralty Court, &c., filled several important stations with great credit. His Letters and Papers, Argument on the Admiralty Juris- diction, &c., with his life, were pub. by Wynne, in 1724, 2 vols. fol. This is a most valuable work. '■T wish Mr. Hull to publish in his Law Journal [see Hall, John E.. ante] Sir Looline Jenkins's Argument on the Admiralty .Tmis- diction. and, indeed, all his legal upinions and di^siM-tatiuiis at large. They are full uf instruction, and particularly uselul iu Prize Law. ... I would give fifty dollars for a copy of Sir Leuline's works." — Jiuige Joseph Stnrij to Mr. ^y'l^!iams, July, 1813 ; Story's Life and Cm-resp., i. 227, 22S; and see p. 268. See also Red. Mar. Com., 431 ; Wheaton's Hist. Laws of Nations, 103; Wynne's Life of Jenkins; Biog. Brit. Jenkins, Robert C. The Liturgy, Camb., 12mo. Jenkins, Samuel. A Machine; IMiil. Trans., 1740. Jenkins, T. Benotiees, Westm.. 17-J6, 8vo. Jenkins, Major T, A. The Lady and her Horse, Madras, 1858. Jenkins, Thomas. Trials, 1806, '08, '10. Jenkins, Warren. Ohio Gazetteer and Traveller's Guide. Columbus, 1837, 12mo ; 1839, 12mo. ■'As far as we are able to furm a judgment of its merits, this seems to be an extremely well composed and valuable manual." — N. Amer. Jfev., Jau. 1^40. Jenkins, VVm, Serm., Lon., 1652, 4to. Jenkins, VVm. Farewell Serms., 1661!, 4to. Jenkinson, Anthony, travelled 1557-61, in Russia, Eokharu, and Per.-ia, and his adventures were pub. by Hakluyt and Purchas, q. v. See Hallam's Lit, Hist. Jenkinson, Charles, Earl of I^iverpool, 1727- ISOS, an eminent statesman. 1. National and Constitu- tional Foree in England, 1756. 2. Life of Simon, Lord Irnham, Lon., 1766, Svo. 3. Treaties between G. Brit, and other Powers, 1648-1783, 3 vols. Svo, 1785. 4. Dis- course on the Conduct of G. Brit, in respect to Neutral Nations, 17S5, 3 vols. Svo; 1801, Svo. This important work — which it is said was trans, into all the languages of Europe — should be in the library of every legal, political, and historical student. 5. Treat, on the Coins of the Realm, Oxf., 1805, 4to ; Lon., 1806, 4to. See Brydges's ColUns's Peerage. Jenkinson, Daniel. Serm., Lon., 1613, Svo. Jenkinson, Uev. J. S., Viear of Battcrsea. Mar- riage with a Wife's Sister not Forbidden by the Word of God: in answer to Rev. John Keblc, Lon., 1849, Svo. Jenkinson, James. British Plants, 1775, Svo. Jenkinson, John Banks, D.D., 1781-1840; Dean of Worcester, 1817; Bishop of St. David's and Preb. of Durham, 1825 ; Dean of Durham, 1827. Serm., Prov. xsii. 6, Lon.. 1S28, Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1840, 321. Jenkinson, Richard. Serm., Exon., 1715, Svo. Jenks, Benjamin, 1646-1724, Curate of Harley and Keuley, Shropshire, pub. several serms. and some theolog. treatises, of which the best-known are — 1. Prayers and Devotions, Lon., 1697, Svo; 30 to 40 edits. By Rev. Cbas. Simeon, ISIO, Svo. Several times reprinted ; last ed., 1843, 12mo. There is also an ed. by Barnes, 12ino, and an Abridgt., 12mo. "In the true spirit of evangelical devotion." — Bicl'erstetk's C S. 2. Submission to the Righteousness of God, 1700, Svo; 4th ed., 1755, 12mo. 3. Meditations, 1701, Svo; 2d ed., 1757. 2 vols. Svo. " Devotional and evangplical." — Biclerafcih^s C. S. " Jenks's Devotions, Meditations, and Submission to the Righteons- nes8 of God, are the productions of a devout and well-informed mind; a miniPter who had but little success in his lifetime, but whose labours proved the seed of a future liarvest." — WdUnms^s C.P. Jenks, Jacquetta Agneta Mariana, of Bclgrovo Priory, in Wales. Azemin ; a Descriptive and Sentimental Novel: interspersed with Poetry, Lon., 1797, 2 v6, 898. Also commended by the Weekly Dispatch, John Bull, Builder, and Bath Express. " It is written in a foolish and arrogant strain of abuse against Bcieutiflc writers aud existing statesmen. . . . The eminent writers JEN 'yhom hp attacks may feel easy under his abuse." — Wesftminster Bev.. July. 1856. Jennings, Sarah, Duchess of 3Iarlborough* See M.\RLBoaouGH. Jennings, \Vm. System of Attack and Defence, Ac, Lon.. 1804. Jenuyngs, Radulphus. Lectiones Variantes adX. Scriptures Anglice, Lon.. 1652, fol. Jennyns, Joseph C. Conduct of the Dutch Com- mi-ssioners, 1810. Jeuour, Alfred, Rector of Kittisford, Somerset. 1. Trans, of Isaiah, with Crit. and E.\plan. Notes and Prac. Remarks, Lon., 1830, 2 vols. Svo; 1831, 2 vols. Svo; 1S39, 2 vols. Svo. "This is confessedly the best translation of IsaiaJi extant in the English language." — flm-ne^s Bibl. Bib., q. v. " What constitutes the most valuable part of the work are the explanatory and practical remarks with which each section is ac- companied." — Lon. Congveg. Mag.. June, 1831, '• Kxcollently translated, and accompanied \vith a judicious and instructive commentary." — Eclec. Kev.. Nov. 1831. Jenour is an advocate for the double sense of prophecy. 2. Treat, on Languages, 1832, 12uio. 3. Brief Memoir of Annie Jenour, 1840, 12mo. 4. Trans, of Job, with Notes, 1841, Svo. 5. Hints on Preaching: being a trans, of Fenelon's Dialogues on Eloquence, with an Essay; 2d ed., 1849, 12mo. '■This is the remark of the pious Fenelon, Archbishop of Cam- bray, in his incomparable Dialogues on Eloquence, which may God put it into the hearts of our preachers often and attentively to read." — Doddridge^ s Expositor, § 173. fi. Rationale Apocalypticum ; or, A Systematic Expos, of the Apocalypse, with Histor. Proofs and Illust., and three Appendices, 1852, 2 vols. Svo. '* .Mr. Jenour's work is distinguished by great sobriety and good sense, and its only serious fault is its diflusiveness. And yet there is that in this writer's remarks on his text which clearly indicates a familiar acquaintance with the whole volume of Scripture, and a mind prepared to turn every portion of the inspired book on which he comments to pious and profitable uses." — Lon. Clerical Journoi, Aug. 22. Jenour, Capt. Matthew, R.N. The Route to India, through France. Germany, Hungary, &c., Lon., 1791, 4to. Jenty, Charles N., M.D. Medical works, Lon., 1757-67. Jenynges, £dward. 1. Trans, into English Meeter of The notable Hystury of two faithfull Loners named Al- phagus and Archelaus, Lon., 1574, 4Lo. 2. A Brief Dis- couery of the Damages that happen to this Realme by disordered and unlawfull diet, 1593, 4to. Jenyns, Rev. Leonard. 1. Manual of British Ver- tebrate Animals, Lun., Svo. " This work contains accurate descriptions and measurements of all the Animals belonging to the classes Mamnuilia, Aves, Btplilia, AvxphUda, and Pisces, which are to be met \vith in the British Islands." 2. Observations on Natural History, with a Calendar of Periodic Phenomena. "The author's remarks on the 'habit of observing' may be stu- died with profit by every young naturalist, as may also tbe style in which tbe observations are recorded. At the same time scieutific and popular, the work cannot fail to please even the most careless geu'-ral reader. Every page teems with interesting notes on the habits and mannersof quadrupeds, birds, fishes, iusects. Ac; many we would gladly quote, but must content ourselves with advising our readers to purchase the book itself promising them a rich treat from the perusal." — WeMrttinster Review, October, 1846. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1817, 367-369. Jenyns, Soame, M.P., 1703-04-1787, the son of Sir Roger Jenyns. and educated at St. John's College, Cam- bridge, was noted as a politician, an essayist, an infidel, and subsequently as a champion of Christianity. He was for nearly forty years Member of Parliament, for twenty-five years a Commissionerof the Board of Trade, and for a longer term than either of these a noted wit and conversationist. The following is a list of his works : 1. Art of Dancing, a Poem, 1730. Anon. 2. Epistle to Lord Lovelace, 1735. 3. Poems, 1752 ; and with the Origin of Evil, 1761, 2 vols. 12mo. See No. 4. These poems originally appeared in Dodsley's Collection. They were added to the 2d and 3d edits, of Dr. Johnson's English Poets. 4. Free Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Evil, 1757. With his Poems, 1761, 2 vols. 12mo. Ridiculed by Dr. Johnson in the Literary Gazette.: "Johnson's most exquisite critical essay in the Literary Maga- zine, and indeed anywhere, is his review of Soame Jenyns's Inquiry into the Origiu of Kvil." — BoswdVs Life of Johnson, q. v. And see The Idler, No. 89, Dec. 29, 1759. The Review was so much liked that Johnson republished it in a pamph- let. It has been styled on high authority the best of his writings: but who shall decide questions of this nature? A review of the Origin of Evil, and other works of its author, will be found in Green's Diary of a Lover of Lite- rature. Of the first-named. Green remarks: JEN JER "Kxtremcly ini^eninns and wretchedly unsatisfactory. . . . With all its ]t;irii'iM.\R;d ingenuity, there apjiear to me only two truly ori^^inal tli..'ii;_Mit» in this work." — Ipstinck, ISlli, p. o2. 5. TboLij;hts, &c. ou the Present High Price of Provi- sions, 1767. " A very flimsy publication." — McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., lS4o. 193,'^. r. 6. Misoelhinies, 1770, 8vo. 7. View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Ileligion, 1776, 12mo ; 10th ed., 1798, S\o, and since. The last ed. is included in the vol. entitled Christian Evidences, puh. by H. G. Bohn, and edited by Rev. J. S. Memes, LL.D.. 1S49, r. Svo. (This valuable buok should be in every library.) The examina- tion of the Holy Scriptures dissipated Jenyns's infidelity, and his anxiety to save others from skepticism produced this and other theological essays. Jenyns's View excited much controversy, and was attacked by several of the clergy, who disapproved of some of its sentiments. Even the sincerity of the author was called in question, and he was charged with intending to injure Christianity, which he pretended to defend. But we have good evidence of Jenyns's honesty, and nlso of his piety. We quote some commendations of his View: " A work of very considerable shrewdness and ingenuity, in which many striking views of Christianity are adduced in support of its heavenly origin." — Orme's Bibl. Bib. " I confess myself to have been powerfully impressed by Mr. Jenyns's leading argtmieats in defence of Christianity."— Grec/i'a Diai-i/, Jtbi supra. "The work, brief and unpresuming enough, nevertheless did re- ligion more good service tbau many of much higher pretensions. The argument was of a popular kind : it derived force, too. as coming from one who was a layman and a wit." — Lon. Quar. Iiev. •' The force of -the argument addressed to the feelings of ingenious thinkers, and adapted to the reach of every understanding, is greater than mere scholars are willing to allow, and was never re- presented to so much advantage as in the beautiful little Treatise entitl'd A View of the Internal Evidence of Christianity." — Mr. M-UNWAEING, of- Cavibridge : dissertation. We next quote some opinions more qualified in their tone : " The book is very ingenious : perhaps he brings rather too much ingenuity into his religion. I know, however, an instance in which this little work has converted a philosophical infidel, who liad pre- viously read all that bad been written on the subject without effect." — Hannad More. What deplorable carelessness of expression is here! So far from this "philosophical" gentleman's having read "all that had been written on the subject," we will venture to say that he had never either read or heard of the one-tenth part that had been written on the subject. Nothing is more common than the observation, " This is the only book on the subject," or, " This is the best book on the subject." The first assertion may bo said to be never true; and if the last is ever correct, say one in ten thousand instances, how is it to be proved? Let us avoid such childi&h extra- vagance of assertion. A man of true learning is rarely guilty of so great a fault. "Dr. Mayo having asked Johnson's opinion of Soame Jenyns's View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Heligion, — JonNso-V : '1 think it a pretty book; not vei'y theological, indeed; and there eeems to be an atTectation of ease and carelessness, a.s if it were not suitable to his character to be very serious about the matter.' " — BosweWs Life of Johnson. " As a whole, it is admitted to be the best treatise, in its particular range, yet given to the world, but in some respects, differing accord- ing to the source whence the censure comes, the disapproval of its individual doctrines and reasonings is almost as universal." — Dr. Memes: Christian Evidences. A list of the principal pamphlets elicited by Jenyns's View will be found in Chalmers's Biog. Diet., xviii. 520, n. 8. Disquisitions on Several Subjects, 1782, Svo. See a review of this vol. in Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 1810, 226-227, and another in the London Retrospective Rev., Lon., 1820, ii. 291-304. " We venture to assert that there are few books in the language of the same size [pp. 182] as the little volume before us containing more acute and ingenious reasoning, abounding in more lively illus- tration or more elegant and polished composition." — Retrosp. Rcv~, uhi supra. 9. The Works of Soame Jenyns, 1790, 4 vols. Svo; 1793, 4 vols. Svo. Includes Pieces nev^r before published, and biography of the author by Charles Nelson Cole. See Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit, Ipswich, 1810. 222-226; Orme's Bibl. Bib. 10. Tracts on the Holy Trinity, the Creeds, &c. Ac., 1814, Svo. Jenyns also wrote some poli- tical essays. He perpetrated a satirical epitaph upon Dr. John.son — shortly after the death of the latter — in which Boswell was remembered : ^'BnswcU and Thrale. retailers of his wit. Will tell you how he wrote, and talk'd. and cough'd, and spit." For this offence Boswell took terrible vengeance in an Epitaph on Jenyns. See Croker's Boswell's Johnson, Lon., 1S4S, p. 106. See also pp. 68. 392, 509, 590, 593; Life by Cole, prefixed to Jenyns's Works. " Tlis Poetry does not rise above mediocrity : indeed, it scarcely deserA'es the name : but the style of his prose is smooth and lucid, his turns of thought are neat and unexpected; and when he sporta in irony, in which he apparently delights to indulge, he is uncom- monly playful and airy. . . . Jenyns has evidently a predilection for paradoxical opinions: and why, he might reasonably urge in his defence, should a man address the Public, who has nothine; new to offer to it?'" — Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 1810, 225. As a political writer, Jenyns was the champion of prin- ciples which are now very generally disowned by English- men. He defended both the right and the expediency of taxing the American Colonies, (see his tract on American Taxation,) and in his reflections on Parliamentary Reform he ridicules the idea of an independent Parliament. Pro- fessor Smyth, in speaking of the unavoidable influence of party predilections and the necessity of party co-operation, remarks : " Read the works of Soame Jenyns and of Locke. Would not both of these men, for instance, wliile they retained their integrity, have been seen always on the opposite sides of any question that could affect the constitution and government of a free country?"— Lects. on Mod. Hist., Lect. 24. Cumberland, in his Memoirs, gives us a graphic picture of Soame Jenyns, which is declared by Lord Jeffrey to be excellent, and a portion of which we had intended to quote ; but, as our article has now grown to a length which forbids this, we must refer the reader to tlie Memoirs, or to Lord Jeffrey's review of that work in Edin. Rev. for April. ISitfi, and in his Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., Lon., 1853, 911-917. Jephson, Alexander. Semis.. 1669. 1705, '15. Jephson, Alexander. Serms., &c., 1731-65. Jephson, John. Serms., edited by Bishop William Bisset, Lon., 1826, Svo. '• They will be found to possess no ordinary merit, as apt illustra- tions of received doctrines, and as animated exhortations to the discharge of practical duties." — Bishop Bisset. Jephson, Robert, 1736-1803, a native of Ireland, a Captain in the army, and a member of the Irish House of Commons, pub. a number of dramatic pieces, of which the tragedies of Braganza, 1775, Svo, and the Count of Nar- bonne, 1781, Svo, were the most popular. He also pub. a collection of poems called Roman Portraits, 1797, 4to. The illustrative notes in this vol. are from the pen of Mr. Malone. See Malone's Life of W. Gerard Hamilton; Biog. Dramat.; Horace Walpole's Works ; Davies'sLife of Garrick. Jerdan, William, b. 1782, for thirty-fouryears ( 1 817- 50) editor of the Loudon Literary Gazette, is a native of Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland. Mr. Jerdan wrote the Biographical Memoirs for Fisher's National Portrait-Gal- lery of Illustrious and eminent Persons, has pub. some translations from the French, Ac, and been connected with several journals. An account of his literary labours will be found in bis Autobiography, Lon., 1852-53, 4 vols, p. Svo. See also Men of the Time, Lon., 1856; Noctes Ambrosianae, May, 1S28; Fraser's Mag., i. 605, with a portrait. This portrait was the first of the Gallery of Illustrious Literary Characters, all drawn by Daniel Maclise, now R.A.: see Maginn's Fraserian Papers, by Dr. R. S. Mackenzie, New York, 1857, Ixvi. The letter- press which accompanied each plate was nearly all written by Maginn. Jercmie, James Ameriaux, D.D., Sub-dean and Canon of Lincoln, Regius Prof, of Divinity at Cambridge, and Rector of Somersham, Huntingdonshire. 1. Serm., Ps. cxxii. 6, 9. 2. Hist, of the Christian Church in the 2d and 3d Centuries, 1852, sm. Svo. Originally pub. in the Encyc. Metropol. 3. Christianity in the Middle Ages, 1857, cr. Svo. 4. Serms., Doctrinal and Practical, of Rev. William Archer Butler, late Prof, of Moral Philos., Univ. of Dublin. Second Series, Camb., 1855, Svo. "They are marked by the same originality and vigour of ex- pression, the same richness of imagery and illustration, the same large views and catholic spirit, and the same depth and fervour of devotional feeling, which so remarkably distinguished the pre- ceding Series, and which rendered it a most valuable accession to our theological literature." — From Dr.Jercmie's Preface. '■We would recoDimend them to our readers, not only for tbeir force and subtlety of thought, brilliancy of fancy, and exuberant eloquence of words, but for that spirit of love — that profound and glowing devotion — by which they are animated, and with which no one can come into sympathizing contact without feeling him- self elevated and refined." — North Bi-itiah Review. See Butler, William Archer. Jeremy, George. Treat, on the Kquity Jurisdic. of the High Ct. of Chancery, Lon., 1S28, Svo; 2d Amer. ed., 1840, Svo. See 1 Story *Eq. Jur., 49, 94; 6th ed., 1S53; 15 Amer. Jur., 368. Jeremy, Henry. 1. The Connection between Reli gion and Learning; a Norrissian Prize Essay, ISIO, Svo. 2. Laws of Carriers, Ac, 1S15. '18, Svo; N.'Vork. 1S16, Svo. 3. Analyt. Digest of Reports C. Law, Equity, Ac, 965 JER 1817,r.Svo. Do., 1817-23, 8vo ; 1S25. Do., 1824-49,r. 8vo. Pub. annually. Do., 1850-55, by W. TiiUl Pratt, in r. Svo vols. 4. Office of Sheriff: see Impev, John, No. 3. Jernieiit, (ieorge. Diacourses, Ac., 1791-1813. Jeiiiiiii, Michael, D.D., d. 1659, Kector of St. Martin's, London, 1638. 1. Comment, on the whole Book of Proverbs, Lon., 1638, fol. 2. Comment, on Ecclesiastes, 1639, fol. Jernegan, Charles, M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1745. ' Jeniingham, Edward, 1727-1812, gained some popularity by a number of poems, dramas, essays, and translations, which are now forgotten. Among these are The Shakspeare Gallery, (praised by Edmund Burke:) Enthusiasm ; Essay on the Eloquence of the Pulpit in England; The Siege of Benvick. The 9th ed. of his Poems and Plays was pub. in 1806, 4 vols. See Chal- mers's Biog. Diet.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vcL lx.\xiii. Jerome, Rev. Stephen, pub. some theulog. treatises, Lon., 1613-19, and Ireland's Ivbilee. or loyes lo Pa?an; for Prince Charles his Welcome Home, &c., Dubh, 1624' 4to. See Dibdiu's Lib. Comp., 264. ' Jerram, Charles, Rural Dean and Vicar of Chob- hnm, Surrey. Serms. and theolog. treatises, of which the best-known are— 1. Conversations on Infant Banlism- 2d ed., 1826, 12mo. ' "A popular and satisfactory discussion of the subject."— iSicJ-cr- SteWs C. .S". 2. Treat, on the Atonement, Lon., 1828, Svo; 1832, Svo. Highly commended by the Christian Guardian, theChristiaa Observer, the Christian Kemembraucer, and the Evan. Mag. See Memoirs and Letters of Mr. Jerram, by his son! 1855, Svo. Jerriiigham, Sir Wm. Papers rel. to the Baronies of Staflonl, 1,S(I7, 4to. Privately printed. _ Jerrold, Douglas, 1803-1857, a native of Sheerness, in Ivent, alter being a midshipman in the Royal Navy, and subsequently a printer, had his fate decided for author- ship by the success of the drama of Black-Eyed Susan, written before ho was of age. This piece was followed by The Rent-Day, Nell Gwynne, The Bubbles of the Day, Time Works Wonders, The Catspaw, Retired from Busi- ness, Cupid, The Prisoner of War, The Heart of Gold, &e. As a contributor to Punch, and as editor of The Heads of the People, the Illuminated Magazine, the Shilling Maga- zine, and Lloyd's Weekly, Mr. Jerrold has won new lau- rels in another department of authorship. We append an alphabetical list of his productions, as pub. in vol. form. 1. Bubbles of the Day, a Comedy; 2d ed., 1845, Svo. 2. Cakes and Ale, 1842, 2 vols. fp. Svo; 1852, bein"- vol. iv. of his Collected AVorks. 3. Chronicles of Clovernook, 1846, fp. Svo; 1853, in vol. vi. of Collected AVorks. 4. Comedies and Dramas, 1854, 12mo. 6. Heart of Gold; a Dram.a, 1854, 12mo. 6. Man made of Money, 1849, p. Svo: 1853, in vol. vi. of Collected Works. See No. 3. 7. Men of Character, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1851, being vol. ii. of Col- lected Works. 8. Mrs. Caudle's Curtain-Lectures; new cd., 1846, fp. Sv.j ; 1852, being vol. ill. of Collected Work.s. 9. Prisoner of War, 1842, Svo. 10. Punch's Complete Letter-Writer. 11. Punch's Letters to his Son, 1S43, fp. Svo. 12. Retired from Business; a Comedy, 1S51, 12mo. 13. St. Giles and St James, 1851, 12mo. 14. Story of a Feather, 1844, fp. Svo. 15. The Catspaw; a Comedy, 1S50, Svo. 16. Time Works Wonders. 1854, fp. Svo. A collective cd. of the works of this popular author was pub. in S vols. 12mo, 1851-64; reviewed in the Lon. Athon;Bum 1854, 1293-1295. See also Men of the Time, Lon., 1856: N. York Eclec. M.ag., xi. 443, with portrait. The Atheu- ffium commends Mr. Jerrold's works in high terms : .■.''AJ''!'""'!"''' "'' """" """'"^^ '" conlirm our original oi)inion that their object is to advance the good of mankind; tliat to tliis ohjoct there has been a devotion of rare skill, undoubted origi- nality, imperturbable good temper, concealed, perhaps, otcasiim. ally under .appiireut flerceness of phrase and a force and Hii^b Of wit at once dazzling and delightful. A body of works more original, either in the artistic construction or in the inforraiuir spirit, has not been added to the national literature of our time."-; Lon. Allien., 18o4, 1293: Tlie Wrilings of Douglas Jerrold. The Wit and Opinions of Douglas .Torrold, edited by Wil- liam Blanchard Jerrold, and originally pub. in the London Jtational Magazine, apiieared in book-form in 1858 ; and the Life and Letters of Douglas Jerrold, edited by W. B. Jer- rold, were announced same year. See also Doun-las Jer- rold 3 Portfolio of Weil-Known Portraits, drawn bv Kenny Meadows, with a Biographical and Critical Essay'by E. L Blanchard, 1S57, p. Svo ; tho obituary notice of Jerrold in Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1857, 91-94; and the London Athenwum, 1858. JES original genins. H« never lost .in opportunity of labourin" in any act of benevolence that his sense of duly set belbre liiiu ; and Id's last words were those of aflection towards all with whom ho had been associated in frieudship,— to him a satred relation.''— ion Gent. Mitf/., ubi supra. Jerrold, William Blanchard, son of the precediu-. 1. Disgrace of the Family, Lon., 1S48, Svo. 2. The ofd Woman who lived in a Shoe, 1849, Svo. 3. How to See the [Crystal Palace] Exhibition in four Visits, 1851, sq i. How to Seethe British Museum in four Visits, 1862, ISmo' 5.^ Threads of a Storm-Sail, 1853, Svo. 6. A Brage-Beaker with the Swedes; or, Notes from the North in 1852, Illus- trated from Sketches by the Author, 185.'i, fp. Svo. '-iVlr. Jerrold seeks to daguerreotype the aspects of society in hwedeu and to report to his own countrymen on the state of m,in- ners, culture, and the Fine Arts."— ion. Allien.. 1854, 44-4(j q v 7. Imperial Paris, 1855, fp. S. Story of the Legion of Honour, 1856, 12mo. 9. Wit and 0]>ini(ms of Dou-las Jerrold, 1858. 10. Life and Letters of Douglas Jen^old, 1858. See Jehrold, Douglas. Jervais, T. Serms., 1811, 8vo. Jervas, Charles. See Jauvls. Jervey, Wm., M.D. The Scurvy, Lon., 1769, Svo. Jervis, Lieut. II. J. W., R. Artillery. Hist, of Corlu and of the Republic of the Ionian Islands, Lon., 18o2, p. Svo. '■ Written with great care and research, and including probably aU the particulars of any moment in the history of Corfu."— ion. Athm. Jervis, Sir J., Knt. 1. Office of Coroners, Lon., 1S29 12mo. 2. Rules of the Cts. of K. B,, C. P., and Excheq.: 4th ed., 1839, Svo. 3. On Pleading: see Archbold, J. F., No. 3. Olher legal publications. Jervis, J.W. 1. Manual of Field Operations, Lon 1852, p. Svo. 2. The Rifle-Musket, 1854, p. Svo. Jervis, Sir John White, Bart. Polit. and theolog. publications, 1798, 1812, '13. Jervis, Swynfcu. TheDyingGirl; and other Poems, Lon., 1849, p. Svo. ' "The Dying Girl has the higher excellencies of tenderness and pathos, expressed in a style of elegant simpVKiiy ."—Lm. Spectator. Jervis, Thomas, a Unitarian minister, pub. several serms., Ac, Lon., 1796-18U. '■His style is always ngnrative and gloM-ing."— ion. Month. Hrpos. Jerwood, James. 1. Tithe-Rent Charge, 1840, 12mo. 2. Parochial Boundaries, Lou, IS41, 12mo. 3. Bights to the Sea Shores, &e., 1850, Svo. Jesse. The Riches of Grace, 1647, Svo. Jesse, Edivard, Surveyor of her M.ajesty's Parks and Pal.aces. 1. Anecdotes of Dogs, 1846, 4to. "The excellent, interesting, and instructive volume hefore us "— Lon. Gent. Mug.. June, 1846. 60U-614. 2. Angler's Rambles, 1836, p. Svo. 3. Favourite H.aunts and Rural Studies, including Visits to Spots of Interest in the Vicinity of Windsor and Eton, 1847, p. Svo. "A pleasing and popular omnhim gatherum about interesting architectural remains, the biography of their by-goue inhabitants, country lite, rural scenery, literature, natural history, 4c."— ion Literary Gazette. 4. Gleanings in Natural History, 1832-35, 3 vols 8vo- 1S3S, 2 vols. fp. Svo; Sth ed., 1854, 12mo. See Blackw! Mag., xxxiii. 801. 5. Hampton Court, Summer Day at, 1S39, fp. Svo. 6. Hampton Court, Hand-Book to; 6th ed., 1842 12ino. See Lou.Athenajum, 1842, 742-744; Blackw! Mat^' .xlviii. 769. 7. Scenes and Tales of Country Life, 1844 d' Svo ; 1S53, p. Svo. ' ' "Aworthy companion to White's Natural History of Selborue " — Eug. Churchman. '•Lacks no arconiplishinent desirable in an eleg:int and cnm- panion.ihle book, cither for the country, or to transport tho city 1S44""3'!" '"^ '" "'"'"' ^'^'""'^■"—'^'"'''■'^ ^'"O-l and see Lon. Athcn, 8. Windsor, Summer Day at, and a Visit to Eton, 1841 12mo. New ed., 1844, 12mo. See Lon. Athen., 1844, 787 SOS. 9. New cd. of Walton and Colton's Complete Angler, with Lives of the Author.s, and Notes. To which are added Papers on Fishing G. " " "■'"""see''"' "'"'^ " ""° °' " '"''5'' '"""■'> '^ ''■'■'II a'' of a great „ Tackle, Fishing-Stations, etc., by Henry Bohn, 1S56, p. Svo, being No. 37 of Bohu's Illustrated Library. A ))eautiful and valuable edition. Jesse, J. Guide to tho Practice of the Ct. of Quart. Sess. for the Co. of Somerset, Lou., 1816, Svo. Jesse, John Heneage. 1. George Sel'wyn and his Contemiioraries, Lon., 1843, 4 vols. Svo. "We do not know a more entertaining book than this. 'We listen to the most diverting raillery, tho most delicate malice, and the best wit that a range of observation merely superficial could furnish, and are amused and pleased with a thousand conscious and unconscious aflectations." — Lim. Examiner. 2. Literary and Historical Memoirs of London; 1st Ser., 1847, 2 vols. Svo. 3. London and its Celebrities; 2d Ser., 1850, 2 vols. Svo. "Full of curious matter, and will always be read and valued " — John Hull. i. London : a Fragmentary Poem, 1847, p. Svo. 5. Mary JES JEW Queen of Scots ; and other Poems, p. Svo. 6. Memoirs of the Court of Enghmd during the Reign of the Stuarts, in- cluding the Prutectorate. 18:^9-40, 4 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1S55, 3 vols. cr. Svo; 3d ed., 1S57, 3 vols. cr. Svo. " One of the most interesting worlcs that has issued from the press for many seasons." — Lon, Atlas. The materials of this work are chiefly drawn from the sketches of De Grammoat, Pepys, and Madame Dunois, Lon.. 1707, Svo. '• The work is mere patchwork, ... No attempt is made to dis- criminate between conflictingstatenit-nts, or to ascertain the degree of cri'dit to which the anecdotes are entitk'd.'' — Lon. Athen., 1840, 622-023. 7. Memoirs of the Court of London, from the Revolu- tion in If'SS to the Death of George II., lS4;i, 3 vols. Svoj 2d ed., 1846, 8 vols. Svo. "Thi3 work presents in an agreeable form facts which have kitherto been known only to tlie laljorious few." — Lon, Times. 8. Memoirs of the Pretenders and their Adherents, 1845, 2 vols. Svo ; 2d cd., 1S46, 2 vols. Svo ; yd cd., 1858, p. Svo. See N. Amer. Ptcv., Oct. 18oS. 9. Talcs of the Dead, and other Poems, llimii. Jesse, Capt. William, R.A. 1. Notes of a Half- Pay in Search of Health ; or, Russia, Circassia, and the Crimea in ls:J9-40, 1841. 2 vols. p. Svo. " Captain Jesse has given us a better insight into the habits and manners and institutions of Kussia thauany other modern author." — United Service Gazette. Also favourably reviewed in the Lon. Athcnjvum, The Naval and Military Gazette. The Gh.lje, and The Britan- nia. Also noticed in Eclcc. Rev., 4lh Ser., xi. 298. 2. Life of Reau Brummel, 1844, 2 vols. Svo ; 1854, 12mo. See Lon. Athen., 1844, 399-400. 3. Russia and the War, 1S54, cr. Svo, and 12mo. 4. Trans, of J. P. Ferrier's Ca- ravan Journeys: 2d ed., 1857, Svo. Jesse, William, Rector of Dowles, d. 1814, aged 77, was the author of a number of serms. and theolog. treat- ises, pub. 1780-1816. '■The excL-llenciea of these sermons [1810, Svo] are soundness of doctrine, and simplicity in thought and in language." — Lon. Chris. OlfSn'ver. " The doctrines nre not stated with any remarkable precision, nor majiitained with auy .st^atly process of argimient. The composition is indeed, for tin- lunst part, quite loose and immethodical." — John Foster : EiUc I\i:ri( Eng- lishmen, which doth foreigners, speciously tu n-n.i'i- ^ur sm iinnies in Greek or Latin, he may be termed Johunnes (J'.inina, on bL^ttur account than Gemma i^;-isi«sentitleth himself thereunto." — FuUei^'s Worthies of Devonshire. JeAvel,or Jewell, William, a native of Devonshire, educated at E.\eter College, Oxford. The Golden Cabinet of True Treasure, containing the sumrae of morall philo- sophic ; from the French, Lon., 1612, sra. 8vo. Jewett, Charles. Temperance Lectures, Poems, Reviews. &c., Bost., 12mo. Jewett, Charles Coffin, a learned American biblio- grapher and linguist, was born Aug. 12, 1S16, graduated at Brown Universily. 1S35; appointed Prof, of Modern Languages at Brown Univ^ and Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Mr. Jewett resides in Boston. 1. Catalogue of the Library of Brown University, Provi- dence. 1843, Svo, pp. 560. 2. Facts and Considerations relative to Duties t)n Books, 1846, Svo, pp. 24. 3. Notices of Public Libraries in the United States of America, Wash- ington, 1851, Svo, pp. 207. 4. On the Construction of 907 JEW jon Catalogues of Libraries and their publications by means of | biivy i^"_Noctes Ambrosianaej^ Dee. 1S29^ (Blackw. Mng., eeparatestereutyped Titles; with Rulesjiiul Examples, ISol!, """ ' ' """ ""' "" ~'" " * " 8vo; 1S53, 8\'o. pp. 9f), 2a ed. Contributions to the Pro- ceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Hunt's Merchants' Magazine. 872;) and see pp, 953, 976, for some of this lady's 1. The Kansom: a Tale of the 13th Cicero beautifully calls the library "the Soul of the House:" Professor Jewett, with a nnble ambition, lias zealously striven to provide such a soul for this grerit Re- public, by his intelligent labours in connexion with the Smithsonian Institution, at Washington. AVo trust that he will yet see that mngnificent temple adorned — not only with "goodly stones," (which sometimes pre.ich any thing but profitable "sermons.") but — with the recorded learn- ing of all ages, and the teachings of wisdom of every clime. A great National Library would be, indeed, a National Honour, a National Blessing, and a priceless boon, alike to the present generation, and to the countless millions who are to take our places, enter into our labours, and con- trol the destinies of our country when we ;ire no more ! Jewett, Isaac A. Passages in Foreign Travel, Bost., 1838, 2 vu\s. 12mo. Jewett, J. R. Narrative of Captivity and Suflfering at Nootka ^ound, Hartfonl, 12mo. Jewett, J. L., has edited Ollendorff's New Method of Learning French, Spiers's French Dictionary, &c., and contributed vocabularies of French words to De Fivas's Classic French Reader, and to Rowan's Modern French Reader. Jewett, Milo P., late minister of the Presbyterian Church, and Professor in Marietta College, Ohio, wiis born in 1808. at St. Johnsbury, Vermont; graduated at Andover Theolog. Seminary, 1838. The Mode and Subjects of Bap- tism, Bost.; 12 eds. pub. Highly commended by the Rev. J. R. Greaves, editor of Tennessee Baptist. Mr. Jewett was among the 6rst to introduce the Common- School System into Ohio and Alabama. Jewsbury, Miss Geraldine E., a native of Man- chester, England, and a younger sister of the late Mrs. Fletcher, formerly Maria Jane Jewsbury. has given to the world a number of novels: 1. Zoe : the History of two Lives, Lon., 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo. "We should imagine Miss Jewsbury bettpr qualified to succeed in e8say3 and speculative papers, than in drscriptiuns of character as it is, or society as it has been." — Lon. Athen., 1845, 114. "This novel made a sensation iu its day, hut its reputation was rather of an equivocal kind." — Lon. IHmes, 1855, where will be found a brief notice of Nos. 1, 2, 3, and ti. 2. The Hidf-Sisters, 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1854. 12mo. "Displays, like its precursor, very considerable intellectual powers, a shrewd observance of character, and a general talent, or more strength than refinement, and, indeed, wanting only some polish to its roughness to raise it much liiglier in the intellectual Bcale."— Xmi. Lit. Gaz., 1S48. 194-196. See No. 1. 3. Marian AVithers, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. See No. 1. 4. The History of an Adopted Child, 1852, fp. 8vo; 1853. Intended for the Young. 5. Angelo ; or, the Pine-Forest in the Alps, 1855, 16mo. 6. Constance Herbert, 1855, 3 vols. p. Svo. " We have seen few books so perfectly unsatisfactory as Constance Herbert." — Blackwood's Mag., May, 1855: Moikrn Xoveluts, Great and Sniall. 7. The Sorrows of Gentility, 1856, 2 vols. p. Svo. "A remarkably good novel; well written, amusing, sensible, and firm to its puijiose." — Lon. Examiner. Jewsbury, 3Iaria Jane, 1S00?-1S33. a native of Warwickshire, but a resident of Manchester the principal part of her life, was married in 1833 to the Rev. William Fletcher, whom she accompanied, shortly after her mar- riage, on a religious mission to India. She fell a victim to cholera soon after her arrival at Bombay. Miss Jews- bury contributed many articles to the Lon. Athenseum and other periodicals, which have never been cidleeted. She pub. the following vols. : 1. Phantasmagoria ; or, Sketches of Life and Literature. 2. Letters to the Young; 5lh ed., 1843, fp. Svo. 3. Lays of Leisure Hours. 4. Three His- tories ; new ed., 1844, fp. Svo. The last-named work is a great favourite. " Her enthusiasm was ardent, her piety steadfast, and her great talents would have eiialtled her to be eminently useful in the path to which stie had lu-en called. ... In one quality — quickness in the motions of her mind — she w.is. in the author's estimation, uu- rivalK'd." — Wordswokth, the. poet, an intimate friend of Miss Jewsbury. " Miss Jewsbury the elder was one of our coadjutors in the long- past days of our struggle Quicker impulses, sounder conclusions. an imagination more fanciful, purposes more noble, or a more eager thirst alter wisdom and goodness for their own sakes, have rarely distinguished any of the honourable and honoured liue of author- esses. . . . There ia no forgettingMiss Jewsbury wheneverthegifled women of England are brougibt under notice." — Lon. Alhenaum, 1845. 114. Bee Christopher North's commendation of Miss Jews- XXVI. poetry. Jewry, Laura, Century, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. "Tlie Kansom has more than commonplace merit.'" — Lnn.Athen. 2. The Forest and the Fortress: a Romance of tlie 19th Century, 1850, 3 vols. p. Svo. See Lon. Athen., 1850, 419. 3. The Cup and the Lip; a Novel, 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo. •'Miss Jewry's dramatis persfna: are well conceived, consistent with themselves and with the times." — Ltm. Spectator. 4. The Tide of Life ; a Novel, 1852, 3 vols. p. Svo. 5. Audrey : a Novel, 1S63, 3 vols. p. Svo. Jickling, Henry. Analogy between Legal and Equi- table Estates and Alienation, Ac, Lon., 1829, r. Svo. Jiekling, Nicholas, Digest of Laws of Customs, '<' ^ l^f • [' 8vo. Condensed, 1847, 2 vols. 12rao. Reviewed by Sir Walter Scott in Edin. Rev., V. 347-31.2. ^^ 2 The Travels of Bertrandon de la Brocquiere, 1807, r.sio, 12 copies, large p.aper. in sm. ^'?,-, R";"^".r' ^/ the Rev. Sydney Smith in Edin. Rev ,.-c 329-3.12. 3. Me- moirs of John, Lord de Joinville, 1807, 2 vols. 4to, 2.,0 copies printed : 10 copies, large paper in imp. 4to 4 Chronicles of Eug. de Monstrelet, 1809, vols. 4to, 2d copies large pape?, in fol. : 2d ed., 1810, 12 vol... Svo, plates in 4to ; 18^40! 2 vols. imp. 8vo. Col Johnes also pub. a trans of St. Palaye's Memoirs of the Lite ot froissart, 1803, Svo, and A Cardiganshire Landlord's Advice to his Tenants We have already devoted so much space to Froissart, (and some to Monstrelet,) that no comments should be expected here. See B.RNEns, John Bo»="CB>e«. Lord. For particulars respecting Col. Johnes, his man- sion^and his splendid library, see A Tour to Hafod, by Sir James Edward Smith, 1810, sup. r. fol price 2 guineas ; Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, and his Library Com- panion ; Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit. ; Ceus. Lit. In , 18(17, the splendid mansion of Col. Johnes, with much of its valu.able contents, was destroyed by fire: the loss | amounted to £70,000. The energetic Biljliomaniac, how- ever, was not to be discouraged, and built and jJ"™<=J » ] new edifice. Evelvn would have been delighted with the colonel, for he planted above three millions of trees on his Cardiganshire estates. 10,1 ;, 9 Johns, C. A. Botanical works, Lon.. lS41-3~. Johns, B. G., Head-Maslcr of the Grammar-School, Dulwich.' Theological works, Lon., 1845-53. Johns, Henry U., D.D., a Clergynaan of the Prot. Epi" Church in Baltimore, Maryland. Joy and Peace in '^tiXf; Montgomery, M^p. An English and Ger- '"■:j;^"r;vi;^:'^rr::;.!::^;:rH^Sf;t:;;Man'sHeart his greatest Enemy. Oxf., 1<;74, 4to. In verse jShns, Rev. Wni. Latin Etymology, Lon., IbUo, ^^Johns, Wm. Correspondence, Ac., IS"' 8;°- Johnsen, H. Confutation of LiUie, 1648, Svo. . Johnson! Traveller's Brcirate, 1601, 4to. Johnson. Stones in Annuals; Phil. Frans., 1674. Johnson. Struggle against Popery, 1689, Svo. JOII Johnson. Manual of Physic, Lon., 1700. Svo. Johnson. On M.ual Obligaii.in. Lnn., 1731, bvo. Johnson, or Johnston, .Major. 1. Exped.iion to Candy in ISOl, L.ui.. 1810, Svo. 2. Journey from India to England in ISI7, tto. 1818. Johnson, .-♦Irs. .V. M. Novels.] 790. Johnson, Abraham. Lucina sine eoncubitor, Lon., Johnson, Alexander B., hanker and couiisellor- at-law, of Utica, New York, where he has resided slnt^o April, 1801, was b. at Gosport, England, May 29, li8b. 1 Inquiry into the Nature and value of Capital. Ac. IN. York 18i3. 2. The Philosuphy of Human Knowledge; or, a Treatise on Language, 1S2S. A eulogistic notice of this work, bv the Rev. Timothy Flint, will be fo""'' >n the London Athenaium, 1835, 802-S03,-Sketches of the Lit. of the U. States. 3. A Treat, on Language, 18..6. 4. Religion in its Relations to the Present Life, 1840. o. The Philosophical Emperor, 1841. 6 A Ireat. on Bank- ing, &c., 1850. 7. The Meaning of W..rds Auaiyz.ed into Words ind Unverbal Things, &e.. 1854. 8. The Phy- siology of the Senses, 1856. Highly commended m the Weslininster Review for October, 1856. 9. An Encyclo- pedia of Instruction, on Apologues and Brev;als or Mea and Manners, 1857. See Lon. Athenanim. 1857, 181. Mr. Johnson has also puli. a number of lectures, addressc», speeches, Ac, and contributed many papers to the Demo- cratic Review, The Knickerbocker Magazine, and other periodicals. Johnson, Miss Anna C. 1. Myrtle AVreaths, Ac, bv Minnie Mvrtlc. N. York. 1854, 12mo. 2. The Iroquois, 1855 r^mo. '3. Peasant Life in Germany, I808, 12mo. ' Johnson, Uev. Anthony. Hislor. Aect of the Eno-lish Transhuion of the Bible, Ac, Lon., 1730, Svo. Remitted in v,d. iii. of Bp. Watson's Thenlog. Tracts. ! See CorTON, Henrv, LL.D.: Lfwis John, No. 4 1 Johnson, Artemas N., b. Middlebury Vt 1817. I 1. Instructions in Tliorough Bass, 1844. 2. Choir Chorus- Book 1S47. 3. Bav State Collection of Church Music, 1849 ' 4 Mclodia Sacra, 1852. 5. Handel Collection of Church Music, 1854. 6. Instruction in Harmony upon the Pestalozzian System, 1854. Also, several Juvenile Singing-Books. E.litor of Boston Musical tiuzette, and Bost Musical Journal. „ . , c • .i,» Johnson, Arthur, Prof, of Ang o-Saxon in he Univ of Oxford. Tr.ms. of Teuneman s Manu.al of the Hist, of Philosophy, Oxf., 1832, Svo. .'To the student of Philosophy, I know of no work >n En.?'* likely to prove half so U9eful."-HAVW.VRD, m lus tram. 0/ Oixllie. Johnson, Ben. See Jonson. Johnson, Ben. Poems, 1700. This is an edit, of Bishop King's Poems, ( 1657,) with a new Wle page. Johnson, Ben, Jr. Poems, being a Miseeaine of Seriousness, Wit, Mirth, and Mysterie; Composed by W. S.. Gent., L.m., 1672. sm. Svo Johnson, Rev. Benjamin. Poems, Lon., 1,99, Svo. Johnson, Benjamin Pierce, h. 1,95 at (.anaa^, NY. Report, as Commissioner from New York, on the Great E.xhibition of the Industry of a 1 Nations held at London, 1851, Alliany, 1852. Edited Transactions of NY. Stite Agricultural Society, 1846-55, 8 ™ls Svo. Ed. Jour. N.Y. Srate Agricultur.al Soc, 1850-o5, 4 vols. Svo. Eil Central N.Y. Farmer, 1842-44, 3 vols. Svo. Con- trbuted agricultural articles to U.S. Patcnt-Othce ep. Trans. U.S. Agricultural Soc, and various agricultural Journals. „ „ „ t ioin Q,.n Johnson, C. F. T. Cancer, Lon- If"' S^ 0. Johnson, C. II. Prize Poem, 1809, 12mo. Johnson, Charles, d. 1748, was noted »yl>« ^"'^or of nineteen plays, and for being impaled by Pope in the Dunciad. See Gibber's Lives, vol. v.; Biog. Dr.ain at Johnson, Captain Charles. 1. Genera H.st. of the Pyratcs of New Providence, Ac, Lon. 1724, 8vo 1707 vuls. Svo. This is an interesting vol. to the col- lecior of American History, containing the adventures of Blackboard and his capture by Lieut. JIaynard, the life and career of Capt. Kyd, Ac. 2. Lite o E hz. Mann 1 , 24 3. Hist, of Highwaymen, Pirates, Ac, 1734, fol. Be.t e 1. North's copy sold for £12. Some of the copies bear dato l-a"- 2ded 1742, fol.; 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1840, 12mo, with 'addits. by C. Whitehead. Again, 1853, 8vo Tb.3 work contains upwards of 100 biographies of notorious ''''johnson, Christopher, M.D. 1. Councell against the Pla.'ue, Lou., 1577, Svo. 2. Ranarum et Murium Pugna, L,itino versu, douato, ex Homero, 1580 4to Johnson, Christopher. Med. Essay, 1813, 8vo. Johnson, Cuthbeit, M.D. Con. to Med. C^^., 1780. jon JOH Johnson, Cuthbcrt W., Barrister-at-Law, Ims pub. a nuitjber of agricultural wurks, &c., one of the must iin- portiiut of which is The Farmer's Encyclopaedia and Dic- tionary of Rural ASuirs, Lon., 184:2, 8vo. *' A work containing a great collection of useful facts in every branch of rural economy." — Pro/. Lowers Jgriculture^ it\i ed., 105. " One of the best class." — Dr. Lindley, in The Gardener's ChrnmcU. " I consider it entitled to an easily-accessible place in the library of every enlightened agriculturist." — From an address by J. S. Skinner. See a list of Mr. Johnson's agricultural works iu Do- naldson's Agricalt. Biog., 127-128. And see Emerson, GouvKHNEUR, M.D., in this Dictionary. Johnson, L>. PracticaMediciuie. &c., Lon., 1502, 4to. Johnson, Mrs. D, The Brothers; a Nov., 1813, 3 vols. ll.*mu. Johnson, E, A., Prof, of Latin in the Univ. of New York. 1. Select Oni liens of M. Tullius Cicero, with Notes for Colleges, &g., N. Yurk, 1850. 12mo. Johnson, Edward, emigrated from Kent to Now England in lOuO, pmbably with Governor Winthrop. lie was the author of History of New England from the English Planting in 1028 until 1652; or, Wondcr-Working Providence of Ziou's Saviour, Lon., 1G54, 4to. Reprinted in Mass. Hist. See. Collec, second series. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet., and authorities there cited. Johnson, Edward. On Prayer, Lon., 1740, Svo. Johnson, Edward, Surgeon. 1. Life, Health, and Disease, Lou., IS^j", p. 8vo. Many eds. ; last ed., 1851. " W'c liave never read a treatise so popularly written, and we think it is likely to benefit the community." — Church of Eng. Qtiar. liev. Also commended by other authorities. 2. Nuces Phiiosophiea;; or, The Philosophy of Things, as Developed frjm the Study of the Philosophy of Words, 1841, 8vo. Monthly Nos, 1.-9., in all pp. 536. This work has eliciterl bnth commendation and ridicule. A specimen of the hitter will be found in Blackw. Mag., 1. 740-746. 3. Dumcstic Practice of Hydropathy ; several edits. Newed., 1854, 8vo. Mr. J. has written other works on llydropnthy. Johnson, Fubinn. English Forces, 1591, 4to. Johnson, Francis, a zealous Browuist, pub. several treatises in defence of his sect, 10011-17. Johnson, Frank Grant, M.D., b. Janunry 30,1825, at East Windsor, Hartford Co., Conn., graduated at the Wesleyan University. Middletown, Conn., 1S49, and at Castleton Medical College, Vermont, 1S51; Principal for two years of the Wethers tield Academy, Conn. ; now (1 857 J practising medicine in Brooklyn, New York, Author of Johnson's Philosophical Charts, designed fir schools and academies, consisting of a series of ten, each 3 feet by 4 feet, pub. by A. Ranuey, New York. Highly commended. Johnson, G. \V. The New Biographical Magazine, Lon., 1793, 3 vols. 8v'o. PuIj. periodically, in 96 Nos., with portraits. Johnson, George William. 1. Hist, of English Gardening, Lou., 1S29. Svo. 2. Kitchen and Flower Gar- den. 18mo. 3. Principles of Practical Gardening, 1845, fp. Svo. 4. Dictionary of Modern Gardening, Lon., 1846, 12mo. New ed., 1851, p. Svo. Amer. ed., with addits., by David Landreth, Phila., 1847, r. 12mo. *'Tlie labours of the American editor have fitted it for the United States, by judicious additions and omissions." — SiUimun's Journal. 5. The Gardener Complete, in 12 vols. 12mo, or iu 3 thick vols., 1847, &g.; again, 1853. Contains the potato, cucumber, grape-vine, auricula, asparagus, pineapple, strawberry, dahlia, and the peach, —their history and mode of cultivation, with plates. 6. The Cottage Gardener, 1849-55, 14 vols. imp. Svo j pub. annually. Otlier works. Johnson, Henry. Logography, Lon., 17S3, Svo. This book teaches the art of printing words entire, by their radices and terminations, insvcad of by single letters. Johnson, Herman 31., D.D., b. in Otsego co., N.Y., 1815, Prof, of Phil, and Eng. Lit. in Dickinson College, Penna. Herodoti Orientalia atque ^gyptiaca : Pt. 1, Orientalia Antiquiura, N. York, 12mo. Pt. 2 will consist of the ^Egyptiaca and the Orientalia Recentiora. Johnson, Hnmphrey. Arithmetick, 1710, Svo. Johnson, Isaac. Serms., 173'J, '40, both Svo. Johnson, J. Psilter, Lon., 1707, 8\'o. Johnison, J. See Gii.L, R. W. Johnson, J. Reliques of Ancient English Architec- ture, Lon., 1856, imp. 4to; with 80 large engravings. '■Comprises the choicest examples in England of the Norman, rirst-Poiiited, Mixed. Middle-Pointed. Decorated, and Third-l'ointed Btylos of Ecclesiastical Architecture." Johnson, J. B. 1. The Dog, and bnw to Break him, liOn., 1851, p. Svo. 2. The Gun, and how to Use it, 1851. 97\) Johnson, J. C. 1. Juvenile Oratorios, Boat. 2. Flower Festival ; or, Pilgrims of the Rhine. Johnson, J. E. Analyt. Abridgt. of Kent's Com- mentarier! on Amer. Law, N. York, 1839, Svo. Johnson, James. Schediasuiata Poetica, sive Epi- grainmatnm Libellus, Londini, 1615, Svo. Johnson, James, d. 1774, Bishop of Gloucester,1752 ; trans, to Worcester, 1759. Serms., 1753-59. Johnson, James. Con. to Med. Com.. &c., 1777, '94. Johnson, James. The Scots Musical Museum, Lon., 1787-1803. 6 vols. Svo. Newed., 1839. 6 vols. Svoj again, edited by Wm. Stenhouse, Edin., 1853, 4 vols. Svo. This work has been alread^^ noticed in the lifeof RobertBurna, q. V. See also Blackw. Mag., i. 377 : xxiii. 704. Johnson, James, Surgeon, R.N. The Oriental Voy- ager, Lnn., 18117. Svo. Descrip. of St. Helena, 1815; and three meIatthe\v. Norfolk Pilgrim, 1703. Svo. Johnson, 31aurice, d. 1755, an antiquary of Spalding, Lincolnshire, contributed jiapers to Phil. Trans., Trans, of Soe. of Antiquaries of London, and the Gentleman's Lite- rary Society of Spalding, of which he was the founder. See Hist, of the Spalding Society ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; ^linutes of the Soe. of Antiquaries, London. Ho collected memoirs for the History of Carausius. JOH Jol.nso.., O. W., ana Kev. W. Winf.eld. The "^ ^ohnsou, U., I..D. Ap.l.gy for «- Clergy .o9 4 o. Jol.usou, K. 1. Study uf H.story, Lon., i72 12",o. 2 Kiw (ia/..ais: ,.i-. (leugrapliical Companion, 1 ( (0, l^mo. • Jol.i.so.1, K. G. An Historical Aceountol the First SettkuKu, at Sal.m, in West Jersey Phila 18o9, 24mo. Joliiisoii, Ralph. Orthography, ic., Ibbi, 77. Johnson, Uichard, pnb. several works, now very rare a.n.Mv which are— 1. The Nine Worthies ol London, Lon 1 j'12 4to. This vol.. in prose ami verso, is repnutecl in li'arleian xMiscelh.ny. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 4114, £2d. J. Conceiles of Old Hobson, 1607, 4to. 3. The 1 anions IIis- torie of the Seven Champions of Christendom, 4to; again, ^""O'r I'lUicr a superior cast: the adventures are not jriginal.hu' it is by no means a translation from any single work. —HaUams Lit liist. i>f tJirrp,; 4tli eJ., 1S54, ii. 218. Johnson, Richard, d. 1720, teacher at Nottingham, England, 1707-20, pub. several grammatical works, ffic., ' Johnson, Robert. Essaies ; or, rather, Imperfect Oaers, Lon., 1007, ISmo. !,„,/,„,,', ■■ V.-iy sensible, acute, and ingenious disquisitions. —Bryages s ■'''johnson,''Ro'bc'rt. Relations of the most famous Kin-doMis and Coonnonweallhs, Lon., 1616 4lo. jShnson, K.-bert. Sorms., 1621, ■24, '2, all 4to. Johnson, Robert. Med. treatises, 10S4, &c. Johnson, Robert. Trial of Passiugham, Ac., 1S05. Johnson, Robert W., M.D. Med. works, ie., 1.86. Johnson, S. Poems, Lon., 1.71, "12, 81. Johnson, Samuel, 1640-1703, a native of Warw.ck- Bhire. educated at Trinity Coll., Cambridge, Rector of Cor- rin'-bam Essex, 1670, and subsequently chaplain to Lord ■Wifliam Russell, distinguished himself by his courageous opposition to the despotism of James II. and this monarch s efforts to extend Popery in Great Britain. He pub. several controversial treatises and sermons, of which a collective ed., with his life, was pub. in 1710, foL; in 1713, fol. ; and again in 1737, f"l. In 1682, he pub. Julian the Apostate, jnleudcd to disprove the doctrine of passive obedience to the government. This work was (as we have already seen, p. 841 of this Dictionary) answered by Dr. George liickes, in his Jovian, 1673, Svo. But it was more eflectually an- Bwered by the powers that be, for the zealous partisan was sentenced to pay a fine of oOO marks, and was thrown into prison unlil he should discharge it. Nothing daunted by this, Johnsort again took up his pen, and in 16bb, at tbe instigatioiW Hugh Speke, a fellow-prisoner, drew up an Address to.the Protestants in tbe King's Army, (then en- camped op Hounslow Heath,) urging them not to obey illenally'-commissioned officers. " i'or both these publications, his spirit w.as. doubtless, deserving of the highest applause."— Sir J-IMES Macki.mosh ; Kevitw of the Causes ot tlic Remluliim of IdiS. „ The government thought otherwise: "Julian Johnson (for so he was now called) was sentenced to stand thrice on the pillory, and to be whipped from Newgate to Tyburn. This barbarous sentence was carried into e.Keeutiiui, and three hundred and seventeen stripes failed to make the patriot wince. Alter the Rev.dution, he was compensated by King William for his sufferings. At least ho received a present of £1000, a pension of £300 a year for two lives, and his son was taken into the public service. " His morals were pure, bis reli-inus feelin-s anient, his learning and abilities not contemptible, bis ja,l-n.r,,t weak, lus temper acri- moiiicus, turbulent, and uucomiuei ubly stubborn. — i .B.Mac.iulay . Hid. of England, vol. i. , . , , , t>- See also vol. iii., and authorities cited in both vols. ; Biog. Brit.; Genl. Diet.; Birch's Life of Tiliotson; Kettlewell's Life; Comber's Life of Comber; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Mackintosh, %ibi supra. _ John Dryden, whose impure muse and time-serving spirit could neither understand nor respect a mau of Jolui- son's purity aud dauntless courage, disgraced himselt by endeavouring to ridicule "Ben Jochanan." as ho called the .author of Julian, but we have ample testimonies ot the excellence of the latter : . . ,-f „, " I never knew a man of better sense, of a more innocent life, or of greater virtue, than Mr. Samuel JohnB0n."^7o/i» Hampden to the Duchess of Mazarine. , , - i The works of Johnson are by no means to be despised, *"a verr'reinarlcable writer. 1 do not know where I could put mv hand'^ipon a book containing bo much sense and sound consti- Sional doctrine as this thin folio ot Johnsoii-s."-S. T. CoLERinoE Johnson, Samuel, Vicar of Great, and Rector of Little T.nain.'ton, pub. a number of separate serms., Thirty.Sii Select Discourses, Lon., 1740, 2 vols, bvo, and JOII an Explanation of Scripture Prophecies, Reading, 1742, ^ Johnson, Samuel, an actor, d. 1773 was the author of Hnrlothrumbo, a Comedy, some other dramatic pieces, &c. 1729-41. See Biog. Dramat. . Johnson, Samuel, D.D., 1696-1772 a native of Guilford, Conn., grad. at Yale College, 1714; minister of West Iliiven, 1720 ; received Episcopal ordination m i^ng- land 1723, and in November of the same year settled at Stratford, Connecticut, as a missionary; President (the first) of King's College, New York, 1755 to '63, when he returned to his old charge at Stratford. He pub several controversial tracts in favour of Episcopacy l,o3, &c. , a System of Morality, 1746; a Compendium of Logic, Wo-, a Sermon, an English Grammar, and a Cateelusm, 176o, a Hebrew Grammar, 1767; and some theolog. treatises. Serhis Life, by Rev! Dr. Thos. B. Chandler, 1S05; agam, "^Johnst'n^Samne,, LL.D., Sept. 18. 17«9-Dec.l3 1784, one of the most distinguished writers of any ago o countrv, was a native of Lichfield, where his father carri d on the" business of a bookseller with more respectabili y than profit. After a course of preparatory >ns ructimi in Mr. Hunter's academy in his native town andat Mr. West- worth's school at Stourbridge, he was in his nineteenth year (1728) entered of Pembroke College O.xford, where he rcuiaincd for three ye.ars, returning home «'ll'»"'^ de-rce in 1731. In 1732, he became usher to a school in M.°rket-Bosworth, but found this appointment so distaste- ful that in a few months he threw it up, and removed to Birmingham, where he found partial eniployment as eon- tributor'to a newspaper published by a Mr. ^ arren, a book- seller of that place. It was for this gentleman that he composed his fl'rst published work-an abridged translation into English from the French of Father Lobo s Voy.age into Abyssinia. His reward for this performance was the nconsiderable sum of five guineas. In 1736, he was mar- ried to Mrs. Porter, the widow of a Lichfield trader,--a lady of vulgar manners, lond voice, florid complexion, and ne-arly double his age, and with eight V""^:'^" .P"" u'lh''; th^ in the funds. The uewly-married pair thought that this small fortune could not be belter employed than in the fitting up of an academy at Edial. near Lichfield; and ac- cordingly the public was soon advised of the opening of an iustifution which, fortunately; or the cause ot let ers was destined soon to be closed. Three pupils on y-Da^ id Garrick and his brother being two-" thronged the doors of this respectable seminary. Disgusted with the indiffer- ence or iucrcdulity of his townsmen, the dominie deter- mined to try a better market for his talents and learning, and in 1737, accompanied by one of his pnpds.-he who in after-years so long trod tbe stage without a peer,— he took the highroad for London, and from that day became an author by profession. Three years before this period-that is in 1734— he h.ad unsuccessfully sought an engagement as contributor to The Gentleman's Magazine ; but he was now more fortunate in his efforts, and from M:irch 17.S8, to 1754, was a regular coadjutor to honest Edward Cave, in whose life in this Dictionary we have already relerred to this profitable connexion. At times, indeed the poor scholar was reduced so low in his finances as to be obliged o live upon fourpence halfpenny per day, and tl^en roam the streets at night with Savage, or some other brother in misfortune, for w.ant of a lodging. In 1738, Johnson was employed upon a translation ol Father Paul Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent, which was discontinued by Dodsley and Cave in ^""s^y""'"" "f a rival translation by another Samue Johnson ft " ° Mav of this year, 1738, that our author gave to the world London, a Poem, in imitation of the Third Satire ol Ju- venal ■ L production which was so immediately successlul, hat, to qiote the quaint language of a critic in the Gen- tleman's Magazine, it became "remarkable for having got to the second edition in the space of a week. 11 so hap- pened that London appeared in the same day with fope s Satire of 173S, and the youthful author had no reason to regret the coincidence, for people saul, " Here is an un- kmjwnpoetgreater even than Pope." . , n ,-. Pope set young Richardson to work to find out who this formidable rival was. Richardson reported that he had discovered only that "his name was Johnson, and tliat he was some obscure mau." " He will soon be delerre, re- nlied Pope. This was not the only instance in which he displayed a commendable generosity to the rising star, for from the perusal of London alone he recommended him to Earl Gower when Johnson (in thenextyear)sougbtadegrce " to (lualify him for the mastership of a charity-sc jooh JOH Of this and of some later portions of Johnson's life we find «,me no ,ces contributed by ourselves some ye s s.nee to Putnam's Magazine, (New York, Anril 1864 rand [rj:i;s':::;"rpre?''--''^'' -' ^-'--o .uoteiben' The siiiiilnrii.y between London and Pope's satirical vein a .:"^ di^r;r ;''; •'"■^ X^""y °f ""«■- Wishes ess";" own lacetious manner: deal"of wlfafwrn""^ much with the Herveys. and saw a good Svcly a"d fasv^uC'i''' 'h "''' ''" """■ '"^ I"^n-" Trinity College, Dublin j 1775 ^"""^ compliment from Oxford in The only complete edition of Johnson's Works U thnt ! pub. at O..ford, by Talboys and Wm. Pickering in 1 25 m 1 vols. 8vo-Tho O.xford Classic Edition. The eon ter? n nf"R""n''"'-Tv; ^'''^' """'"''■ «-^'^h,s; Let- ters, IL, III. Rambler; IV. Adventurer; Idler; V Mis cellaneous Pieces; VI. Reviews; Political Tracts Lives of Emment Persom,; VIL Lives of the Poets: Cuw ey Den. ' ham Miton Eutler, Rochester, Roscommon. ^6tway Waller, Pomfret, Dorset, Stepney, J. Philips, W.alsh D y: den, bm, h Duke, King, Sprat, Halifax, Parnell Garth Rowe, Addison Hughes, and Sheffield; VIIL LivLs o? the •1, V ^""'•S""""'--''''' Blackmore. Fenton, Gay Gran viUe, lalden, Tickell, Hammond, Somervile, Sava/e Swtft cTlinT'/"'''^,'''"- ■^''""""°' ^*'^"^' A- Philip^ Wes : Collins, Dyer, Sbenstone, Young. Mallet, Akenside Grav Th Y''^'Z\ ^l •'""""y '<"h« Hebrides; Vision o^f Theodoric; The Fountains, a Fairy T.ile; Pravef" and Meditations; Sermons; Index to vols, i.-ix ; X, xTAr liamentary Debates, 1740-43 notice ""l 7sV°Poe7''p" "' distinguished subject of our nonce. 1, as a Poet; 2, as an Essayist; 3, as a Lexico grapher ; 4, as a Critic. We shall also bri;fly revfew-S the peculiarities of his style; 6, his appearance man racTer." "<'°^'-"- ^ '' "is moral and religious "ha- 1. Dr. Joh.nson as a Poet , " ' *'""'"=y mankind from China to Pern ' James Baliantyne remarks of Sir W.alter Scott,-a com ment of whose upon the pathos of The Vanity of HumL" W ishes we have already quoted • .auman ..b''f\T '*"' "' ""'' 'he last line of MS. that Scott Sumrn t^I.r ""^ ^ ''"•'"'"»'' <■-- ^"^ Vanitfof ^^^:;u;ri^sTo^^::;^^'-:r'::;i^;-- satirist from the a^^mSw? im ."^s „f DrTlPn ^ "' "L" ,""'■'« s«!'i=;,n^;jfi;irss ^p^^^^^^^ j;^am,y tiir interior to ^S^^t^S^^^Z^^Z^;^:^ responding' ,,k,d'./™™'-«»;^'"S o"', '■> "'"y passage cor- did wond,:,,si;_"i,,.'.:f„s;*^^ '^" •*" p^^^^'o-'-hich h. 'Ti'^'^'i.''!'' '".i"" ""'SSling muso with pain Po.,.. J'."'h '0"g <1 to launch into a nobler strain ■ " That his tragedy [Irene] was a great faUme on the stage ha. JOH bo-n already related; that it is of extreme dulness, of a monotony aU.."etlier insufferable, and therefore tires out the reade!--* patience quite as much as it did the auditoi-'s, is true; that most of his lesser pieces are only things of easy and of fairly-successful execu- tion is likewise certain, ^vith perhaps the exception of his yerses on Robert Ley-tfs death, which haye a sweetness and tenderness sel- dom found in any ot his compositions. But. had he neyer wn ten any thiu>' after the Imitations of Juyenal. his name would ha^e g„L down to posterity as a poet of great excellence,-^ne who only did not reach equal celebrity with Pope, because he came after him, and did not assiduously court the muse. „„„„ •■ In truth these two pieces are admirable, both for their matter, their diction, and their yersification. ... Of Johnson's Latin yerses it remains to speak, and they assuredly do not rise to the Icyel of hi< Km-lish nor indeed aboye mediocrity. The translation of Pope s Messiah, howeyer, a work of his boyhood, gaye a promise not tul- filled in bis riper years."— Lord Beouoham: Lives of Mm oj Ixt- (erj! of the Time of George III. 2. Dk. Johnson as an Essayist. _ Under the head of essays, we may, without much vio- lence to strict classification, add Johnson's political pamph- lets, his Parli.unentary Debates, and his tale of Rasselas, to the periodical papers of the Kambler, the Idler, &c. The first number of the Rambler was pub. on Tuesday, March 20, 1749-50, and the last on Saturday the 17th (Hth, in fact) March, 1752, 208 numbers in all, issued every Tuesday an*ut forth."— 0?i the IWiixiical Essayists. Dr. Young, on the contrary, calls Rasselas "a mass of sense." "The work can scarce be termed a narrative, being in a great measure void of incident : it is rather a set of moral dialogues on the various vicissitudes of human life, its follies, its fears, its hopes, its wishes, and the disappointment in which all terminate. The Btyle is in .lolmsun's best manner, enriched and rendered sonorous 974 by the triads and quaternions which he so much loved, and ba^ lilnced with an art which, perhaps, he derived from the karucd Sir Thomas Browne." — Sir Walter Scott: Lfe of John^^'-n. "In his Rasselas we have much to admire. ami i-oough to make us wish for more. It i- lln' wnik r>t';in ilhuiiiiiated TiiiiKl. and offers many wise and deep r- IT ■ ii-n- > I .tin d in I "■.nu it nl an-l iKiraionioue diction. We are not. imb r-ii i";iiiiili;ii- with MH.ii pei'si.iujges as John- son has imagined fur the eliaiiicieis ut his fable; but. if we are not exceedingly interested in their story, we are infinitelj' gratified with their conversation and remarks." — Cumberland's JUemuirs: Samud. Johnmii. " No prig shall ever persuade me that Rasselas is not a noble per- formance in design and in execution. Never were the expenses of a motlier's funeral more gloriously defrayed by a son than the fu- neral of Samuel Johnson's mother by the price of Rasselas, written fur the pious purpose of laying herheaddecently and honourably in the dust." — CHRit-TOPER North: Noctcs AvtbmnancF, April, lS:i9 The admirer of Johnson will be grateful to us for ex- tending our quotations from Professor Wilson. Always elo quent, the enthusiastic Christopher strikes even a higher chord than is his wont when the author of the Rambler becomes his glowing theme: " He had noble faculties and noble feelings ; a hate, high as hea- ven, of wickedness ; a ecorn. as high, of all that was base or mean ; wide knowledge of the world, of London, of life; severe judgment; imagination not very various perhaps, but very vivid, and, when conjoined with such an intellect, even wonder-working, in realms that seemed scarcely of right to belong to the solemn sage. Wit- ness the Happy Valley of ]{asselas. and. indeed, all that as-yet-un- surpassed story, where, on the wings of fancy and feeling, you are wafted along over the earth, yet never lose sight of its flesh-and- blood inhabitants, working and weeping, yet not unhappy, still, in their toils and their tears, and dying but to live again, in no cold, glittering, poetic heaven, but in the abodes of bliss, seen by the eyes of nature through religion, builded in the skies." — T/ie Man of Tov^ a Satire; in BfacJcw. Mag.. June. 1828; and in WilsotVs Es- says. Critical and hnaginative. Edin. and Lon., 1856, i. 231. " The reader who first attempts the Abyssinian Candide feels that he has imposed on himself a task rather than found a plea- sure, or even a relaxation. The manner is heavy and little suited to the occasion ; the matter is of a very ordinary fabric, if it is safe and wholesome; there is nothing that shines except the author's facility of writing in a very artificial style, as Boon as we are in- formed, by external evidence, of the whole having been written in a few nights. He, perhaps, had some kind of misgiving that it was not a successful effort, ftir he had never looked at it till two- and-twenty years after it was written, when, a friend happening to have it, who was travelUng with him, Johnson read it with some eiigerness." — Lonn Buougham : Lives of Men of Letters, dc. The noble critic just quoted considers Johnson's political pamphlets and his occasional tracts as far superior to his moral essays; and he especially comtnends Taxation no Tyranny, and the review of Soamo Jenyns's Treatise on the Origin of Evil. The last-named production has al- ready come under our notice in our life of Soame Jenyns. The eloquence of the Parliamentary Deflates was of so high an order that Dr. Francis declared that of Demos- thenes to be inferior; and Voltaire did not scruple to affirm that the Greek and Roman orators had revived in the British f^enate. 3. Dr. Johnson as a Lexicographer. Before the appearance of Johnson's great work (in 1755) the English were sadly in want of a good lexicon of their langunge. The one in use — not without consider- able merit — was that of Nathan Bailey, which we have already noticed in our life of that industrious philologist. English scholars, therefore, had to endure in silence the sarcasm of the Abbe le Blanc, who declared that such was the passion for the English tongue that the French had made it one of the learned languages, and that even their women studied it, and yet that there was not so much as a good dictionary, or, rather, a tolerable gram- mar. We shall not be expected, in the limited space to which we are confined, to enter into any consideration of the philological dispute of the day respecting tho com- parative merits of the dictionaries of Johnson, Webster, Richardson, and others. Like the valet dc chambre in the Vicar of Wakefield who read so many magazines, though they quarrel among each other we dearly love them all, and keep the most important of them by our elbow. As regards orthography, wc certainly do not — as every page of this volume testifies — follow the example of our countryman, whilst we should undoubtedly feel en- titled to ridicule without mercy the stolidity of the tyro who should undertake to compare the meagre philological attainments of Dr. Johnson with the amazing erudition, in this department, of Dr. Noah M'cbstcr. We had iutended to quote some criticisms of Drs. Webster and Richardson on the execution of Johnson's Dictionary; but, as such quotations would involve the necessity of an impartial presentation of both sides of the question, — for whieh presentation we lack both space and time, — we shall content ourselves, and, wc trust, our read- ers, with the citation of a few opinions, which (with, per- haps, the exception of Lord Brougham's) are not to be JOH considered as instituting «ny comrar.son between John- son's Dictionary and the two wi>i.ii liave only recently, in bei ne rfected sl.ape, been subuutted to the puhUc eye. The Doctor, »ith his usual foresight, bad adopted an exce cut mode of diseouragins ^" "'l^^^r' 'id W, n' admitting in his admirable preface that "a few wild b n- ders and risible absurdities might for a time fnrn>.^h folly tith bu-hter and harden ignorance into contempt Now, as no reviewer is particularly desirous of bc.ng c n iidered either a fool or an ignoramus, we may vvell sup- s,dered ei nei ^^^^^ contented to praise ir:r they could ami to be silc^ where they disapproved We may remark, in this conne.vion, that it seems ha d ly wort w^hile for us to re,,eat the old and 7;"-';"°™/'° ,>^ r Johnson's impertinent and unjust letter to the E.xi of Che.terfield. It is not to be forgotten, h"«<=™ • "'" the EaiFs suggestions upon the prospectus were all "'^^ufMl'tbrtvi^w for April, ,755. wa. enlarged .. fo r pa..es extraordinary," and even then the usual eata o-ue of new books omitted, to make room for a eo- , us notice of the Dictionary, in "hich some imperf tions are rather hinted at than enumera ed Tho, a . r on in a letter to his brother, after a.lmitting that the preface was noble, and the history of the language pretty ?, V' complains that "strokes of laxity --^ ."-'?^, "ere plainly to be perceived." "Laxity and indolence There ^ ^^'"^y' ''« '° '^' '''"^' °' '""" ' ' T'T' t ndustV there '^vere also, else tl>e Dia.onary had neve seen the light. In our life of Wsr. Ar,u.s, D.D., p. •. of th s Dictionary, we have quoted some remarks o Job, son upon this theme, to which the reader is referred. The book sold well, for a second edition was pub. witlun a year This was a great triumph for the author, who deelaml that, of all his acquaintances, there were only two who, upon the puldication of the work, did not en- deavour to depress him with threats of censure from the pubUc!orwithoy.c«,-oa» lc.r.ed/ro,n those who Icanud his I>i'-ti'™»ry Ui conf«s..d n , 1 • s. lie »^^^ ,„ he bhnself expressly df erih.Ml tu ,n I 1> evoun a dUigent perusal of all sucli l.uKli.h wnt is as en m to tl,?ir language, and under fvery sent ', , ' ,, 'V.^/the quote, he drew a line, andnot..-d in ''^.f. [" ' , ,, ' ,,,1 .1,. -.■ Looks ^.„rd under which .t -- [^ - ^ , ?/„ ' m a separate slip of to his clerks, who ti n., ''\ 11^^^^^^^ Bytbese paper, and arranged U.-.n^rt^^^^^^ S^a^^ .^e wbirariangemcnt was ^P>."b;^-'Vi,^™; Wave the definitions of tlieir meanings, and cuU.'C cd '""',.y ^^Ses'ft'om^kinner. .Tunius. and other wnters™ Amlrew Millar's exclamation of delight at the recepuou ofllilalt sheet was less reverent than Johnson's pmus reioader We do not wonder at Millar's impatience Ihe "three y^ars" stipulated for the undertaking proved to bo more'tb'an seven, and the copyright-money (£15-5) ha, lon<' been in the hands of the lexicographer: we say ic K-for little went into his pocket, alter satisfying tbe demands of his six amanuenses and discharging other ex- penses incurred in the prosecution of tbe work But we promised a few quotations respecting' tbe Dic- tionary and it is quite time they were before the reader, fn tbe^same year 1755) of the appearance of the review I J hnWs Dictionary in the Monthly Review, am, her by Dr. Adam Smith, the political economi.st. was pub. " the (ild) Edinburgh Review. Sir James Mackintosh tells """This review of Johnson's Dictionary is chiefly valuable as a ^"S:;i^"i"H!!;sr'^he'j:ir7j=:^i^'"f^¥ srSi-^ieSiiL^'^^-iSii^^^---- ^ habit of ohservmg the general structure " 1™» B '^ ^ p,.oach '^■Jy^Dietionajy.th^ghdlsting.isl.dn^ nor by the cnidition "'",'''",:■' ;,Vr" and his literary know- ^ords, is a noble monum™ n 1 " «^;«-^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ I ,y„p. SSS=SS;ri.s^^«K , " cio WiiTFR Scott; Lite of ooiinii''''- "".I'iirjohl^^': wdth greaUabour, h'as-eoUected thevanonsmean- jon ings of every word, and quoted the »«thorit«s:buUt would hare beth an improvement if be had P^ »"";"';,».%? -fta^hich it precise meanmg of every w. ad, r t^d ™ '^^^j ^^j'^„,,„, the va. ought to be employed w,tl, '1^' ^ ■'^,^, ^".^ J^^^h ch custom had BO lious deviations from the "i^^md ™" {'-fi^ ", the precise limits l•arest.aldishedastoren.leroll"^^:lil'^an'1 nxwi 1 ,^ .^^ bev.nd which it could not he empl"y|-d ^^l ■ '' ;^ - j,,,,^^ cxnression. Witli t 113 view it w.iul'i lia\c "" " "^ ■-.,,,, ^, ,,,,,,-,. h^i.;.; distinctions which take place y^'^"' ,^^ „ ,:■ M m I ^ nvmous and with"ut wh eh many words can only l>i '\' ■"" ' '" a'nannerthat they must be considered as "^^ >; ^vi." ■ ' - ortlie knglish language ought to be complied, -i.icyc. Bnt., edit. "!;-,^ad j£^nS';othing hut bis Bict^m^ one nii.M have traced tiiere.a great mtcllect. a gcnume^ sary to speak in detail. The naost ambitious that J^^ ^^^^^ .^ tionary, wliich is P''W';'f''"J'""f™'h story of the English Ian- |romK& has had no ----J^l ™^4|eT£m 'the w^lt'crl owing to the a.hnual.le plan ot SV „ ',1'''. . " _, „f ,he design is cited'as authorities fur ™^hXo%"oc.ncatanlts entertaining very well executed. "™'^,'1*'=*°"';;''", ?,,,,,( ,„k of d^-finition to read as useful to consult. The "'"••'; ';,,„„„. „,vi„„lo- hasl.eenIesshappilypcrformed;lmt t. 1. rtl-'i ^^^^ ^.^^,. ..^ ^ gical part, which neither shows ";"•■„',.;„.,';„ have satisfied goccessful application of It. {""I , ,,, ||„r to have chosen himself with one or two antlimiti .. ''':.„„ of any at- them well nor consulted them w>lh ' >;Y ^ ' X'e "her as regards tempts at a deeper and more Pb''"^"!'','''^*' "'^'"-^^^eannot be said the structure or the grammar o »" l^nS™-''; i^,™ ,„ far for- jrnattl^relJ^ke^f^fvel^'m^L^^y-Vtrlpped him of it."- ''"Ther^mv^'hee;" Iny'Sitf «f Johnson's Dictionary bufwe do n.d think it worth while to not.ee any -ve the ;Lr^r:^d'^5ea;nn?^;p^it^^--"^ of Johnson's own last folio edit. \ ^^jil^hSe^et^'^'iobnson's critical writings would 7 ourse include many of his numerous con bu- «o to the (^,entleman's Magazine, the Uu-ersal Vim or The Literary Magazine or Universal Review The Poetica C lemKr TbeLon'l™ Chronicle, Tbe Critical Review, &e buhhese articles are almost all ''^ ^l^l^^^fZZX^^^ general reader, and of mrrny "-^ -^; --; , ," ^"^^Jli^ t" by n.i means unquestionable. \\ hen reicrLiiLc „l critical writings of Johnson, it ^^^f^^lXtJll he ^-!;rir^:l^in'th^s::r;;;e^aS^.'Treac,iof . ?r':^ir^-:^='-""T""™'^r r Pi'^fae?';^t af ;• fhaUbe pit of our lance acknow- iSS^wr%:i^i:e::^«^^™-S€ of litrai'y rtlqunries, thus despatches the critical doctor .admirer of Shakspeare's pages. It tht n-me ot a ^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ and moralist he not iTKiided on tlo> nr ,,- ni^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^_ certainly unskilled ill the kii..«l..lu-" ^^ ^ nvspeak- pi-cssions. His expl^,nat"ry ""';"■:" -luHo.' ..lilurwill dis- luE, the most controvertible of .my . I'lt " ' sentence of fe^^';J^:^3yi!SS:^;-S/rs;:n^:ud^tefu,chara. ters of tho text of Shakspeare. .hS^=riSe^rp^i7)rfi>i's Lih. Omp.. ed. 1825. 521, n. We shall now introduce some brief extracts from the graceful pen of the distinguished author of the Hi.=tory of Ferdinand and Isabella: " Jolnison's work, as every one knows, is conducted on the most capricious and irregular plan. . . . besides these defects of plan, the critic was certainly deficient in sensibility to the more delicate, the minor beauties of poetic sentiment. He analyzes verse in the cold-blooded spirit of a chemist, until all the aroma which consti- tuted its principal charm escapes in the decomposition. By this kind of process, some of the finest fancies of the Muse, the lofty dithyrambics of Gray, the ethereal effusions of ColUns, and of Hilton too, are rendered sufficiently vapid." This accomplished critic proceeds to point out what he esteems to be defects in the Doctor's taste in composition, and the graver objections to his work arising from the effects of religious and political prejudices, and then con- tinues: '' With all this, there is no one of the works of this great and good man in which he has displayed more of the strength of his mighty intellect, shown a more pure and masculine morality, more sound principk:3 of criticism in the abstract, and more acute deli- neation of character, and more gorgeous splendour of diction." Johnson's Life of Milton, however, does not escape Mr. Prescott's severe animadversions: " A production more discreditable to the author is not to he found in the whole of his voluminous works; eciually discreditable, whether regarded in an historical light or as a sample of hterary criticism. . . . His life of Milton is a humiliating testimony of the power of political and rehgious prejudices to warp a great and good mind from the standard of truth, in the estimation not merely of contemporary excellence, but of the great of other years, over whose frailties Time might be supposed to have drawn his friendly mantle."— PreicoH's Miscdldtiic^, ed. 1R55, 'U1, 248, 277, 278, and in North Amer. Review for October, 1839. John Foster warms with equal indignation at the same themo : " There are parts of the Lives of the Poets which evei^- lover of literary or moral justice would be glad to see stamped with an in- delible brand of reprobation, with a disgrace so signal and perspi- cuous as to be a perpetual warning against the perversion of criti- cism and private history by political and religious bigotry and personal spleen." — Criticism mi the English Poets: JFosta-^s Essays, Lou., 1856, i. 145, and in Eckc. Hcv.. March, 1808. Foster then proceeds to specify the instances of Milton and Gray; he is eloquent, and we would faiu quote more of his flowing rhetoric; but this must not be. Even Dr. Drake, one of Johnson's warmest admirers, does not venture to enter a plea of *^ Not Guilty" on John- son's behalf: ** No man can entertain a higher idea of Johnson's intellectual powers, as a lexicographer, a teacher, and a moralist, than myself: but poetical criticism was not his province; and though in point of style his Lives bo superior, perhaps, to any of his preceding com- positions, they are infinitely more disgraced by the inexorable par- tiahties of the man." — Drake's Literary Hours, vol. i. 22. Cumberland, Johnson's old friend, writing long after the Doctors death, is disposed to treat the indignant outcry elicited by these strictures of the latter with very little respect: " He was an acute and able critic: the enthusiastic admirers of Milton and the friends of Gray will have something to complain of. but criticism is a task which no man executes to all men's satis- faction. ... A work of merit, which abounds in beauties far more prominent than its defects, and much more pleasing to contemplate." ^Cumberland's Memoirs: Savm--! Joh7ison. Qi Dr. Channing is more lenient to Johnson than many of Milton's apologists are disposed to be : "Wo could find no pleasure in sacrificing one great man to the vianes of another. . . . Ue did not and he could not appreciate Milton. We doubt whether two other minds, having so little in Common as those of which we are speaking, can be found in the higher walks of literature. Johnsou was great in his own sphere, but that sphere was comparatively of ' the earth,' while Milton's was oidy inferior to that of angels. It was customary, in the day of Jolinson's glory, to call him a giant, to class him with a mighty but still an earth-born race. Milton we should rank, among seraphs." Channing proceeds in this truly-eloquent strain for some lines, and then applies the contrast to the reader's own judgment, by demanding, '• How conld Johnson be just to Milton?"— 7?emarX:5 on the Cha- ractrr and Writivga of John Milton. Johnson here escapes far more easily than he generally does when arraigned for this oft-urgod offence, and this mitigation of punishment will be demurred at by many of the champions of the immortal Milton. But wo have ahigher defence to plead, (or rather to adduce, for we plead nothing on either side;) nothing less than an entire ac- quittal of the alleged culprit: "That he had strong prepossessions against Milton's political opinions cannot be doubted; but it is extremely incorrect to affirm, as has been too generally affirmed, that this feeling made him unfair to that groat poet's merits. No one can read his criticism on Para- dise Lost, without perceiving that he places it next to the Iliad, and in some respects on an equal, if not a higher, level. The praise of it in The Kaanbler is equally ample. His objections are not at all groundless; and, although to the lesser pieces he may not be equally just, it is certain that, except to the Lycidas, he shows no very marked unfairness, while, in observing the faults of the others, he largely commemorates their beauties.' — Lord Beougham: Lives of Men of Letfar.^ dv. As regards the literary merits of Johnson's review of Pahadise Lost, perhaps many scholars, of all classes of opinions, will acknowledge a participation, to some extent, in the enthusiasm which animates the glowing eulogy of Dibdin : "Who that roads Johnson's criticisms on certain portions of the Paradise Lost is not convinced that he is reading one of the most nuusterly performances of the human intellect? exhibiting an ex- tent and power of conception— a vigour and felicity of diction — sncli as one knows not where to find equalled in any modern pro- duction." — Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 521. Before leaving this part of our subject we must not omit to notice an edit, recently i.ssued (Lon., 1S54, .3 vols. Svo) of Johnson's Lives of the British Poets, with Notes, cor- rective and explanatory, by Peter Cunningham. This the collector of a "Johnsonian Library" must immediately procure. A new impression of Hazlitt's ed. of the Lives of the Poets was also pub., Lon., 1854, 4 vols. fp. Svo. We may add that he will find a valuable guide to John- soniana in the list furnished by Lowndes (containing about sixty books) in the Bibliographer's Manual, 1032-1033. See also Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-l. 6. Dr. Johnson's Stylk of Composition. In this department of our subject also we shall have something to produce on both sides of the question : "To Johnson may be attributed the establLshment of our present refinement, and it is witli truth he observes of his Rambler, 'That he had laboured to refine our language to grammatical purity, and to clear it from colloquial barliarisms, licentious idioms, and irre- giilar combinations, and that he has added to the elegance of its construction and to the harmonv of its cadence.' " — BisraelCs Miscell. of Lit.; Style: ed. Lon., 1S4U, 7. "Junius and Johnson were the first who again familiarized ua with more glowing and sonorous diction, and made us feel the tameness and poorness of the serious style of Addison and Swift." —Lord Jeffrky: Ctrntrib. to theEdin. Rev., Lon., 1S53, 77, and in Edhi. Rev., Sept. 181 G. We know not where we can better quote Lord Jeffrey's description of Johnson as " that great master of reason," (Edin. Rev., xv. 175.) and Sir Archibald Alison's assertion (Hist, of Europe, 1789-1S15, chap. Ix.) that Dr. Johnson was " the strongest intellect and the most profound ob- server of the eighteenth century." "The diHtinguishing excellence of Johnson's manver, both in speaking and writing, consists in the apt and lively illustrations by example with uhi'h. in his vigorous sallies, he enforces his jiist and acute remailis nn human life and manners, in .all their mudes and repivsentatiMiis; the fliarartrr and rliaiin of his sti/le, in a happy chdiee |iriate expressions, and that masterly involution vi plirase by wlgeli he cuiitiives to bolt the proniinent idea strongly on the mind." — Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 1810, 9-10. '• At length rose the Colossus of English Philology, Samuel John- son, having secretly and unremittingly formed his style upon the basis of that of Sir Thomas Browne, — a name in every respect to be held in grateful remembrance. But Johnson, as a philologist, is almost an original; and dovibtless among the very foremost in the ranks of the literature of hie country. And yet, I know not bow it is, but aa years creep on we do not read liis pages with that de- voted enthusiasm which we did in our college days: for where is the man who, having turned his thirtietli year, peruses either Rasselaa or the W^mhUtV'— Dibdin' s Lib. Cmn^., ed. 182r>, 617-618. 977 \ JOH JOH '* nis writings will live forever, still more and more studied and admired, wlaile Britons shall continue to be characterized by a love of elegance and sublimit}', of good sense and virtue." — Bishop IIORNE. "Johnson's first style was naturally energetic; his middle style wag turgid to a fault; his latter style was softened down and liar- uionizcd into periods more tuneful and more intelligible.'— C'uiit- berlaml's Memoirs. " A love of hard and learned words prevailed throughout ; and a fondness for balanced periods was its special characteristic. But there was often great felicity in the expression, occasionally a pleas- ing cadence in the rhythm, generally an epigrammatic turn in tiie language, as well as in the idea. Kven where the w.'ikiii.mship seemed most to surpass the material, and the wordl<' (hmensions; and the learned head which sustained it roU'd about in a eeeniingly paralytic motion, but, in the perform- ance of its orbit, it inclined chiefly to oue shoulder, whether to the right or left I cannot now remember. — a fault never to be fur- given by certain of the Tirnecie8 of barbarian,— a learned Attila, King of the Huns, come to subju- gate polish'd society. Oliver Goldsmith, several years before my luckless presentation to Juhn'son. proved how 'doctors differ.' " Kead the conclusion of this anecdote on page 693 of this Dictionary; commencing with, " I was only five years old when Goldsmith took me on his knee," &c. No one has made a better excuse for Johnson's occa- sional roughness, and even boorishness, than Sir Walter Scott; and to his pages (in his Life of Johnson) we must refer the reader : "He was. in a word, despotic," remarks Sir Walter; "and despotism will occaaionally lead the best dispositions into an «n- beromiug abuse of power. It is not likely that any one will again enjoy, or have an opportunity of abusing, the singular degree of submission which was rendered to Johusou by all around hmi." The colloquial monarch, ruling in his "pride of place/* has been well described by Lord Brougham: " He loved to fill a chair, surrounded with a circle well known to him, and^x cathedra to deliver his judgments. It cannot bo said that this was any thing like a high style of conversatit-n. It had nothing in it like full or free discussion ; it had even bttlo like free interchange of sentiments or opinions. It was occasionally enlivened by wit, oftener broken by a growl or a sneer from him, and from him alone. But bis part of it was always arrogant and dictatorial; nor, after men's curiosity had once been giutified by assisting at one of these talks, did any but the small number of bis familiar and admiring friends often desire to repeat the ex- periment. His talk was most commonly for victory, rather than directed to the clearing np of rational doubt or the ascertaining of important truth: nor, unless upon the serious subject of religion, and upon some of the points involved in the Whig and Tory con- troversy, did he ever seem tu care nmch on which side he argued, dogmatized, laughed boisterously, or sneered rudely."— Xii'W of 3fen of Letters, rfc. Ilis wonderful conversational abilities have been the theme of unceasing eulogy from this day to our own, and cannot fail to excite the admiration of our latest successors. " When animated by the cheering attention of friends whom be liked, ho would give full scope to those talents for narration, in which I verily think he was unrivalled both Bi the brilliancy of his wit, the flow of his humour, and the energy of his language." — Cumberland's Memoirs. " I do not care on what subject Johnson talks, but I love better to hear him talk than anybody : be cither gives you new thoughts or a new colouring." — Orme, the historian of India. "The most triumphant record of the talents and character of Johnson is to be found in Eoswell's Life of him. The man was su- perior to the author. When he laid aside his pen, which he regarded as an encumbrance, he became not only learned and thoughtful, but acute, witty, humorous, natural, honest, hearty, and deter- mined; 'the king of good fellows and wale of old men.' There are ftd many smart repartees, profound remarks, and keen invectives to be found in Boswell's 'inventory of all he said,' as are recorded of any celebrated man. The lifr and dramatic play of bis conver- sation forms a contrast to his written wirJis. Ilis natural powers and undisguised opinions were called out in convivial intercourse. In public he practised witli the foils: in private be unsheathed the sword of controversy, aud it was tho Ebro's temper." — Hazlitt on the Pfviodical JEssaj/ists. '■ There was a pith about old Samuel which nothing could stand up against. His influence was not so much that of an author as a thinker. lie was tho most powerful intellect in the world of books, lie was the Jackson of the literary ring — the judge — the emperor —a giant — acknowledged tu be a Saul amongst the people. Even David Hume would have been like a woman in Ins grasp; but, odd enough, the two never met." — Christopher North: I\'octes Ambro- siiuiu; April 2, 1822. " Boswell's Life of Johnson is so replete with the sayings and thoughts of the intellectual giant, wln'in it was so uuich his object to elevate, even above his natural r;ita^oiiiaii stature, that it may be regarded as a sort of autobin^r;ip1iy. dietated by the sage, in his moments of a6anrfo7i, to bis ihvait worsliipper. It is not goingtoo far to say that it is among the most impular books in the English language. .lohnson's reputation now mainly rests on that bio- graphy?' — Sir Archibald Ausos: Essa>/s, 1S50, iii. 392; and in Blaclw. Mag., Sept. 1849. " Jolinson. as Mr. Burke most justly observed, appears far greater in Boswell's books than in his own. His conversatiim appears to have been quite equal to his writings in matl-r. and far superior to them in manner. When he talked, he clothed bis \\i\ and bis senso in forcible and nattiral expressions. Ah soon as he took lijs pen in haudtowriti' for till' I'liblir. his ,-,tyl<' b.-cann- svstemalically vicious. . . . The repiitiitioii of thosi' writings whieh he prolialjly expected to be immortid is every day fudlug; while those peouliaritica of JOH manner, and that careless table-talk, tlio memory of which, lie pro- bably thought, would die with him, are likely to be remembered iis l"ng as the Englisli language is spoken in any quarter of the globe." — T. B. Macaulay : Essai/s, 1S64, iii. 398, 4U1 1 and in Edin. Km., Sept. 1831. "How much is Johnson raised in our estimation, not only as to intellect but personal cliaracter, by the industrious caves-ilnjijpiiigs ot Boswell, sotting down, day by day, in his note-book, (be frag- ments of his most loose and unweighed conversations?" — Lord Jeffrey: Ksmys. 1860, 960; and in Edin. ifeu., Oct. 183.5. " His conversation, which was one ot the most powerful instrn- meuts of his e.'ctensive influence, was artificial, dogmatic, senten- tious, and poignant; adapted, with the most admirable versatUity, to every subject as it arose, and distinguished bv an almost unpa- rall.l.d power of serious repartee. He seems to have considered liiiii-i If as a sort of colloquial niagistiate, who inflicted severe pu- lll^llllli■llt from just policy. Hiscourseof life led him to treat those BLUsibdities, which such severity wounds, as fantastic and ellemi- natc; and he entered society too late to .acquire those habits of pcilitencss which are a substitute for natural delicacy "—Sir Ja.mes ItlACKlNTosn: Mrmoirs of Ids Life. 1S35, 2 vols. Svo." We have already recorded Sir James's opinion of John- son's manners, and shall have occasion hereafter to adduce his testimony to the general excellence of his character. Sir Walter Scott remarks, with great truth: " Of all the men distinguished in tiiis or anv r.thiT n^e. Dr. John- son has left upon posterity the strongest and I'lmst (ivi.riiiipression, 60 far as person, manners, disposition, and coii\n-i,s;)tion aro con- cerned. We do but name him. or open a book which he lias written, and the sound and action recall to the imagination, at once, his form, lus merits, his peculiarities,— nay, the very uncouthness of his ges- tures, and the deep impressive tone of his voice. ... He is in our liijn.l's eye a persuniflcation as lively as that of Siddons in Lady Macbctli. or Kemble in Cardinal Wolsey."— ii/t: of Johmon. Perhaps no one has drawn so admirable a miniature from Boswell's full-length portrait of Johnson as Mr. Macanlay has presented to us : ••Johnson grown old, Johnson in the fulness of his fame and in the enjoyment of a competent fortune, is better known to us than any other man in history. Every thing about him,— his coat, his wig, his figure, his face, his scrofula, his St. Vitus's dance, his roll- ing walk. Ids blinking eye. the outward signs which too clearly marked his approbation of his dinner, his i'nsatialilo appetite for fish sauce and veal-pie with pinras. liis iiie.\tiii;;uishable thirst for te,a,hi3 trickof Innehiiig the p.^ts as lie wi,lli..d. his mysterious practice of treasuring up ,.anip« ,,r uiaii^r.p,..!, I,j3 morning slum- bers, his midnight dispulationa. his conlortions. his mutterings, his gruntings, his puffings, his vigorous, .acute, and ready eloquence, his sarcastic wit, his vehemence, bis insolence, his fits of tempestu- ous rage, his queer inmates, old Mr. Levett and blind Mrs.Willianis, the cat Ibid^'r aud the negro Frank,— all ore as familiar to us as the objects by wlii.h we have been surrounded from childhood. . . . .\s we close it [B.jswell's Johnsonl the eliib-room is before us, and the tableon which stands th' mielil f.r Ntigent .and the lemons for Johnson, laiere are a-, nill.d tl.ose he.ads which live forever on the canvas of Reynolds. There are the spectacles of Burko and the tall thin form of Laugton, the courtly sneer of Beauclcrk and the beaming smile of Garrick, Oibbon tjipping his snutt-box and Sir Joshua with his trumpet in his ear. In the foreground is that slrange figure wdiich is as fainili.ir to us as the figures of those among whom we h.ave been brought u]\ the gigantic body, the hu^-e massy face seamed with the scars of disease, the hrown coat, the black worsted stockings, the grey wig with the scorched foretnp, the dirty hands, the nails bitten and pared to the quick. We see the eyes and mouth moving with convulsive twitches ; we see the heavy form rolUng; we hear it puffing: and then comes the ' Wliy, sir!' and the 'What then, sir!' and the 'No, sir I' and the 'You don't see your w.ay through the question, sir!'"— Rsaus 1864 i S75-~37lJ. 400-401; and in Etiin. Hev., Sept. 1831. Johnson's "inextinguishable thirst for tea" forms so prominent an item of his personal character, that we must permit our reader to behold the sage at one tea-p.arty at least; and this shall be .at " Cumbey's" table, where the great man spent many a happy hour of social chat: "At the teartable he made considerable demands iiiion his favourite beverage, and I remember when Sir Joshua Reynolds at my house remindi'd him that he had drank eleven cups, he replied, ' Sir, I did not ciunt your glasses of wine : why should you number up my cups of tea r And then, laughing in perfect good-humour, he added • 'Sir, I shcnild have released the lady from any furtlier tmuble, if it had not been for your remark; but you have remiiidrd trie that I want one of the dozen, and I must request .Mrs. Cumberland to round up my number.' When he saw the readiness and cimipla- cency with which ray wife obeyed his call, he turned a kind and cheerful look upon her, aud said. ' Madam, I must tell you, for your comfort, you have escaped much better than a certain lady did a while ago upon whose patience I intruded greatly more than I have done on j'ours ; but the lady asked me for no "other purpose than to unake a Zany of me, and set me gabbling to a parcel of people I knew nothing of: so. ni.adam. I had my revenge of her: for I swallowed five-and-twenty cups of her tea. and did not treat her with as m.any words.' I can only say my wife w^ould have ni.ade tea for him as long as the New Uiver could have supplied her with w.ater." — Ciiinhfrlan/Ps Memoirs. Poor Jonas Hanway found to his cost that .Johnson was as ready to take up the cudgels on behalf of his favourite beverage as he was to drink it. As Mr. Macaulay also refers to that famous tabby, the cat " Hodge," this respectable quadruped must not be forgotten in our sketch of the lexi- cogr.'ipher. And, indeed, we know not a passage we could better select as an instance of the manner in which Boswell jots down the most trilling remarks which fell from the lips JOH of his illustrious friend, than the one in which "Hodge" forms the principal subject of discourse : " Nor would it be just under this lie,id." says Boswell. " to omit the fondness which he showed for animals which he had taken under Ins prot,cti.,n. I never shall forget the indulgence with which he Ir. ated Ib.dge, his cat, for whom ho himself used to go out and buy ..yslers. lest the servants, having that trouble, should take a disbke to the poor creature. I am, unluckily, one of those who have an antipathy to a cat, so that 1 am uneasy when in the room with one ; and I own I frequently suffered a good deal from the presence of this same H..dg<>. I recollect him one dav scranib- liiigup llr. .b.biisc.u's Imast. :,p|,arenlly with much satisfaction, while my lii.'nd, smibiig and half whittling, rubbed down his back, and imlled him by tie- tail; and when I observed he was a fine cat, [rather liyi ritieal. we fear. Jemmy Boswell.] saying, 'Why. yes, sir; but I have had eats whom I liked better than thfs;' antl then, as if perceiving Hodge to be out of countenance, adding, 'But he is a very fine cat,— a very fine cat indeed.' " We giye another amusing extract from Boswell's inva- luable record, which is also quoted (not quite accurately) by Lord Brougham, with a very appropriate introduction: " They, however, who only gaw this distingni-'lied jierson once or twice in society, were apt to form a very ei rune.ais estimate of his temper, which was not at all morose or 'sullen, hut rallier kindly aud sociable. He loved relaxation ; be enioyed nii-ri inient ; he even liked to indulge insporliv. :in i i hn lol pli a'santrv, when his animal spirits were gay.— pi. ;,- mrn in.[,r,|, ..i.^uewhi'it lumbering, but agreeable from its perf I I le;Mliie -s. Nothing can be more droll than the scene of this kind of which Mr. Boswell Ims preserved tho account, and into the humour of which he seems to have been in- capable of entering. When some one was mentioned as having come to Mr. (afterward Sir Win.) t'hauibers. t.i draw his will, giviii"- his estate tc. his si^ters..rnllo»nn.ll.i.■^ted. as il had iiul been gained by trade. ' If it bad,' said ],<■. • he might have lefl it tu the .log Towser, and let him keep his ..wn name.' He then went on laughing im- moderately at the test, :1m: as ho kept calling him. 'I dare say,' said he, ■ ho thinks be has d.iiie a mighty thing: he won't wait till he gets home to his seat : he'll .all up tli.' lan.lli.nl of the first inn on the road, and, after a snitabl.' pr.fa.-.- ..ii ni..itality and the un- certainty of life, will tell lum that h.- fli..ul.l not ilelay making his will ; an.l here, sir, will he say. is my will, which I have just made, with the assistance of one of th.> abl.-sf lawyers in the kingdom, and he will read it to hiui.* (Johns.. n laughing all the time.) 'He b.Ii.v.s b.. has made this will: but he did not make it: yon, Chan. I. .IS. made it for him. I trust you have had more conscience tlian f.. make him s.ay being of sound understamling — ha! ha! ha! I hop., he has left me a l.-..',icy. I'd have his will turned into verse, Uko a ballad!' • .M i . I l.an.l.irs,' says Boswell, ' didn't by any means relish this joculai it_\-, u[.i.n a matter of which pars magna fttif, and seemed inijiatieut till he got rid of us. Johnson couldn't stop his merriment, but continued it all the way, till he got without the Temple Gate: he then burst into such a fit of laughter, that he appeared to be almost in a convnision, and, in order to support himself laid hold of one of the posts on the side of the foot-pave- ment, and sent forth peals so loud that, in the silence of the night, his v.iice seemed to resound from Temple Bar to Fleet Ditch.' " Lives of Men of Letters, d^c. It is easy to see, as Lord Brougham remarks, that " Bos- well was incapable of entering int.i the humour of this scene," and the tuoral reflections with which he closes the graphic sketch just recorded are as amusing as any of its details : " This most ludicrous exhibition of the awful, melancholy, and venerable Johnson happened well to counteract the feelings of sad- ness which I used to experience when parting with him for a con- siderable time. I accompanied him to his door, where he gave mo his lilessing." 7. De. Johnson's Mohai. and Religious Character. The attention of this great man was at an early age turned to the consideration of those important truths which only the foolish and the thoughtless dare to slight, and which dem.and a large share of the mind and heart of every accountable and immortal being. "When at Oxford." remarks Johnson, "I took up Law's Serious Call to a Holy Life, expecting to find it a dull book, (as such liooks generally are,) and perhaps to Laugh at it. But I found Law i|uite an overmatch for me; and this was the first occasion of my think- ing in e.arn..st of r.-ligion after I became .■aiiable..f rafi..nal enquiry." " From this tiiii.- f..rwar.l," ...ntinues his bi..L'r;.pber. ■' r.-li;.d..n w.as the pred.iiiiinant ..l.j.-ct of his th.iughts: tb.ai^h. with the'jnst sentiments of a conscieuti.ms t'bristian.^he lament.-d that his pnuy tice of its duties f.'ll far sh..i t ..f what it ought to be." With his religious peculiarities of doctrine or observance we have here, of course, no concern ; and, did their con- sideration legitimately enter into our province, we trust that we should feel no temptation to indulge in those un- becoming sneers at alleged superstitions and rigid cere- monials which have disgraced critics who imagined they were ridiculing the subject of their shallow wit. " F.-w ni.ii," says L(.rd Brougham, ••have perhaps ever hved, in whose fhoiights religion had a larger or more practical share. . . . He was friendly, and actively so, in the greatest degree; he was charitable even beyond what prudential considerations might justify; as firmly as he believed the gospel, so constantly did he j.ractise its divine maxim, ' that it is more blessed to give" than to receive.' . . . His habitual piety, his sense of his own imperfections, his generally blameless conduct in the various relations of life, hav.- bi-en alr.-ady sufficiently described, and have been illustrated ill th.- |.i-e..-.hiig narrative. He was a good man. as he was a great man ; and ho had so firm a regard for vii-tue that he wisely set Jon mnch p-rater store by his worth than hy his f.ime."— lives of ilcn of Letters^ t£c. •' "Ho loveJ the poor as I never yet saw any one else loTe them, with an earnest desire to make them happy. In pursuance of these principles, he nursed whole nests of people hi his house, where the lame, the bUnd, the sick, and the sorrowful found a sure retreat " — Mrs. Turale. "Though consciousness of superiority might sometimes induce him to carry it high with man, (and even this was much abated in tlie latter part of life,) his devotions have shown to the whole world liow humbly he walked at all times with his God."— Bishop Horne. -If, then. It bo asked, who first, in England, at this period, breasted the waves and stemmed the tide of infidelity,— who, en- listing wit and eloquence, together with argument and learning, on the side of revealed religion, first turned the literary current in its favour, and mainly prepared the reaction which succeeded,- that praise seems most justly to belong to Dr. Samuel Johnson. Behgion was with him no mere lip-service nor cold formality : he was niiud- j i, " '" ^^' social hours as much as in his graver lucubrations ; and he brought to it, not merelv erudition such as few indeed pos- sessed, but the weight of the highest character, and the respect which even his enemies could not deny him. It m.ay bo said of him that, though not in orders, he cUd the Church of England better service than most of those who at iTiat listless era ate her bread " —Lord Mahon : Hist nf England, vol. vi. "His moral principles (if the language may be allowed) partook of the Vigour of his understanding. He wa.s conscientious, sincere determined; and his pride Wiis no more than a steady conscious- ness of superiority in the most valuable qualities of human nature. Ills friendships were not only lirm, but generous and tender be- y'^.J*,^,''"8Seil exterior."— Sir J.umes JUcki.mosh : Memmrs of his Sir AValter Scott remarks (in his Life of Johnson) that, when Johnson dieJ, "virtue was deprived of a steady sup- porter, and that all the deductions which can be made for his prejudices of opinion and "violence and solecism.s in manners" still leave "his talents, morals, and benevo- lence alike irreproachable." Hazlitt, (in his Lecture on the Periodical Essayists,) after summing up Johnson's many good qualities, and re- ferring to his prejudices, concludes with : "His were not time-serving, heartless, hypocritical prejudices: l-ut deep, inwoven, not to be rooted out but with life and hope which he found from old habit necessary to his own peace of mind and thought so to «e peace of mankind. I do not hate, but love .WMK ■ ■?;, ^'."'y ?■"'' between hunself and his conscience, and should be left to that higher tribunal " * Where they in trembling hope repose, — The bosom of his Father and his God ' I? " a ■<^ord, ho has left behiml him few wiser or better men " That, with all his coarseness and irritability, he was a man of sterhng benevolence, has long been acknowledged. But how gentle and endearing his deportment could bo. was not known till the RccoUections of Madame D'Arblay were published."—!. B.Miciu- LAT : .Essays, lS5i, iii. 309. "The comparison which we have instituted [between Milton and Johnson] has compelled us to notice Johnson's defects ; but we trust we axe not blind to his merits. His stately march, his pomp and power of langiiage, his strength of thought, his reverence for virtue and religion, his vigorous logic, his practical wisdom, his insight into the springs of human action, and the solemn pathos which occasionally pervades his descriptions of life ami his references to ms own history, command our wiUing admiration."— W.M Eller? l-HAN.viNa: Remarks on the Character amiWritings of John ililton. The accounts which have been handed down to us of the last days of Johnson's life form one of the most inte- resting portions of Engli.^h literary annnls. It was on the 13(h of December, 1784, that ho was called to the rest which remaineth for those who cast themselves in humble confidence and undoubting trust upon the promises of that Redeemer who is the saint's dependence and the sinner's hope. We may not doubt that to him the exchange was a happy one. Error there had been in his life: for who 13 there among the children of men who hath not trans- gressed ? But there had been hearty repentance, deep contrition, and fervent faith. He had proved his faith too, by works of charity and deeds of love. Ho had been literally " eyes to the blind and feet to the lame." Ho had "strengthened him that was reailv to perish, and he had upholden the fallen." His bread "had been "dealt to the hungry, and the poor and cast-out he had brought to his home." The promise was fulfilled to him, as it hath ever been to those who rely upon its merciful assurance: "In the time of trouble," God remembered him, and freed him from that " bondage" which had so long held him in " fear of death :" he resigned his soul into the hands of his Creator with filial confidence and triumphant hope. Johnson, Samuel B., Lieut. U. States Navy.d. 1820 Letters from Chili, 1S16. Johnson, Mrs. Sarah Barclay. Hadji in Syria: or. Three Years in Jerusalem, I'hila., ISoS, 12mo See Lon. A then., l.HoS, I't. 2, VX',. Johnson, Rev. T. Hist, of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Johnson, T. B. 1. Gamekeeper's Direct., Lon., 12mo. 2. Hunting Direct., 8vo. 3. Shooter's Companion, 12mo' see Lon. Sport, Mag. J. Shooter's Preceptor ; new ed., ISh' 12mo. See Works of the Rev. Sydney Smith, 1804, ii. 180 JOII j 5. bporlsmau's Cyclopedia, Svo; £1 11a. 6A A beautiful I work, with 50 steel engravings, after Cooper, Ward, Hancock, Ac. ' Johnson, Theodore T. Sights in the Gold Re- gions, N. York. ISJil, 12mo. Johnson, Thomas. 1. Pathwaye to Readinge, Lon., 1590. 2. Cornucopia-, 1595, 4to : on natural history. Johnson, Thomas, M.D., d. 1644, a learned bota- nist, pub. a trans, of Ambrose Parey's medical and surgical works, edits. 1C34-T8, and several botanical works, of which Iter in Agrum Cantianum, 1620, and Ericetum Hamstedia- num, 1632, were the first local catalogues of plants pub. in England. He also pub. an enlarged and amended cd. of Gerarde's Herbal, 1633, '34, '36, fob; 1744, Svo. Sea Gerarde, Jobs. See also Athen. Oxon.: Lloyd's Me- moirs; Pulteuey's Sketches. Johnson, "Thomas, Fellow of Eton College, and of Magdalene Coll., Camb., pub. Questiones Philosophies, an ed. of Sophocles, 1705-06, 3 vols., and some other clas- sical and theolog. works. Johnson, Thomas. Serm., 1731, Svo. Johnson, Thomas. Reasons for Dissenting from the Established Church; new ed., Lon., 1834, 18mo. Johnson, W. B. Animal Chemistry, 1803, 3 vols. Svo. Johnson, W. G. Braintrec Case, Lon., 1843, Svo Johnson, Rev, \V. R. Historical works, Ac, 1807- 12, . See Si.vclaiu. Edward B. Johnston, James. Investing the Duke of Branden- burg with the Order of the Garter, 1690, fol. Johnston, James F. VV., d. 1855, aged 59, a native of Paisley, Reader in Chemistry and Mineralogy in the Univ. of Durham, 1S33-55. 1. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry and Geology, Edin., 1842, Svo ; 6th ed., 1853, 12mo. 2. Suggestions for Experiments in Agriculture, 1843, Svo. 3. Catechism of Agricultural Chemistry and Geology, 1844, 16mo; 33d ed., 1849, fp. Svo. Trans, into nearly every European language, and taught in the schools of Germany, Holland, Flanders, Italy, Sweden, Poland, and North and South America, 4. Lects. on Agricult. Chemistry and Geology, 1844, Svo; 2d ed., 1847, Svo. "A most valuable and interesting course of lectures." — Lon. Quar. Hev. "The most complete account of agricultural chemistry we pos- 6669." — Royal Agricult. Jour. " Unquestionably the most important contribution that has re- cently been made to popular science." — .SiUiinan's Jour. 5. Contributions to Scientific Agriculture, 1849, Svo. 6. Treat, on E.\peri mental Agriculture, 1849, Svo. 7. TJso of Lime in Agriculture, 1849, fp. Svo. "All that is known about lime, both iu a scientific and practical point of view."— ^(.v«ts/i Farmer. 9di ■ S Notes on North America: Agricultural, Economical, and Social, 1851, 2 vols. Svo. This is the result of a visit to North America from Aug. 1849 to April, 1850. " lie has contrived to bring together a larger mass of varied and valuable information on the present condition of North America than ia to be found in any work yet published." — Blac/.wuod's Mug., Dec. 1851. " Well written, and distinguished everywhere by much good sense." — Lon. Athenaum, July 6, 1851. "Admiiable notes. . . . The very best manual for intelligent emi- grants." — Ltin. EcoTwmist. So much for British opinions; but a much less favour- able verdict — by Profc.'^sor Francis Bowen — will be found in the North American Review for July. 1851, 210-238. 9, Instructions for Analysis of Soils, Limestone, Ac; 3d ed., 1855, 12mo. 10. Chemistry of Common Life, 1854—55, 2 vols. p. Svo. This was Professor Johnston's last work, and completed but a few months before his death. ''■ One of the most agreeable and instructive publications of the presieut day." — Edin, Hex^. ''The work deserves to bo universally read." — Brit. Quar. Upv. " Ilis last work was his best." — BLackio. Mag., Nov. ]Sf)5, q.v. for a review of the work, aud au obituary notice of the autlior. *' Professor .Johnston has doue more than has ever yet been done to preach science to the masses." — Blacfcw. Mag., ubi supra. See also Lon. Geut. Mag., Ni^v. 1S55. In addition to the commendations of the Chemistry of Common Life above quoted, we have thirteen British and six American ones before us, equally favourable in their tone. Prof. Johnson was a contributor to the Edinburgh Re- view and to Blackwood's Magazine. Johnston, John, d. 1012, a native of Aberdeen, a minister of the Presb^-terian Church of Scotland, and Professor of Divinity in the College of St. Andrew's, was a relative of Arthur Johnston, {ante,) and also a poet. He pub. the following poetical works. 1. Inscriptiones Histo- ricae Regum Scotorum, *fcc., Amst., 1602, '03, 4to. 2. Heroes ex omni Historica Scotica Lectissimi, Leyden, 1603, 4to, " Excellent poems." — Bp. Nicdlson''s Scot. Hist. Lib.^ed. 1776. 66. Both Nos. 1 and 2 will be found in the Deliciai Poeta- rum Scotorum, 3. Consolatio Christiana sub Cruce, &o., 1609, Svo. 4. Iambi Sacra, 1611. 5. Tertrasticha et Lemmata Sacra — Item Cantica Sacra — Item Icones Re- gum Judea; et Israelis, Lug. Bat., 1612, 4to. See Cham* bers aud Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, and authorities there cited. Johnston, John, M.D., 1603-1675, a native of Sambter, Great Poland, resided some time in England. He pub. in Latin a number of works on natural history, medicine, history, and ethics, of which the best-known ia Ilistoria Naturalis Animalium, pub. in Parts, 1648-52, '•The text is extracted, with some taste, from Gesner, Aldro- vandus, Macgraf, and Moufiet ; and it auswered its purpose, as an elementary work in natural history, till Linnieus taught a more accurate method of chissifjing. naming, and describing animals. Even Linnteus cites hini continually." — Cuvier. A portion of the above — viz. : a Description of Four- footed Beasts — was trans, into English, and pub. at Am- sterdam, 1678, fol. See Chaufepie; Moreri; Saxii Ono- mast. ; Biog. Univ. ; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, iii. 20S, 5S4. Jolinston, John, 1757-1820, minister of Cross- michael, and nephew to the Rev. Dr, Bryce Johnston. Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Bryce Johnston, prefixed to his Serms., 1S08, Svo. Johnston, John, LL.D., b. at Bristol, Maine, grad. at Bowdoin Coll., 1832; Prof, of Natural Science in Wes- leyan Univ., 1832 to the present time, (1855.) 1. Elements of Chemistry, 12mo. 2. Manual of Natural Philosophy; 6th ed., 1857. Highly commended, and used in many schools, as are also the following works edited by Prof. J. 3. Dr. Edward Turner's Chemistry, 12mo. 4. Turner's Elementary Chemistry; 6th ed., revised, with new illustra- tions, 1857, 18mo. Johnston, John, D.D. His Autobiography and Mi- nisterial Life, edited and compiled by the Rev. James Caruahan, D.D., late President of the College of New Jersey, N.York, 1856. Johnston, Joseph. Serra., Edin., 1778, Svo, Johnston, Jndge JL. F. C. Institutes of the Civil Law of Spain, trans, from the 6th Spanish ed., (Madrid, 1805,) Lon., 1825, r. Svo, Johnston, Nath,, M.D. Theolog. and polit. tracts, Ac., 1669-8S. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. Johnston, Robert, a Scotsman, d. 1630? 1. His- toria Rerum Britannicorum, ut et Multarum Gallicarum, Belgicarum et Germaniearum, tam Poliiiearum quam Ec- clesiasticarum, ab anno 1572 ad annum 1628, Amst., 1642, 12mo. Enlarged, 1055, fol. This was intended as a continuation of Buchanan's History: JOH •Continnod in the snmc fine lanc,mgerT,atJn] by Rotert John- discTUnicut of charactoi-B, or the classical tincture ot tne siyie. ^T ^S^t^^rscotland during the Jlino.H^ of King Tinier in Latine ; Done into English by T. BI. [1 nomas MUUnll n 1 LoL lfi46, 2-lmo, pp. I6i. llepnn e.l m vol of Scotia Rediviva, Edin., 1826. Svo. See Cham- lel; and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, ms^ sind authorities there cited. . "RobTrtus Johnstonus baroni KiUosensi Brusio dum v.veret, charus: Ti? v.-rr?S Sonis, esicgto emditionls, Ihnati judicu."- Johnston, Robert. Letter to Clergy, 1 , 96 8vo. Johnston, Uobert. Travels m Russia, &c., Lon., ^^ohniiton, Thomas. Chrisfs Watcbword ; or, the Parable of the Virgins e.xpoundcd. Lnn., i'jf ; f ^'^icult Johnston, Thomas. General View of the Agncult. of the County of Selkirk, Lon., l^yi. -Ho. J^hnsion, W. and A. K. 1. Emigra ion-Map of Australia, with the Gold Districts. Lon Ibo.?, 12mo 2 Map of tire Seat of War in the I^'J^'-'^'^S^.f ""^/I"' '^'^^ Lon , 1854, 12mo. 3. Do. in the Baltic Sea lSo4 12mo. Johnston, William. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 17.7. Johnston, William. A Pronouncing and Spelling English Dictionary, Lon., 1764, 12mo. '"Ind ee Biog. Univera. The last cd. o Beckmann s work appeared in H. G. Bohn's Standard Library, Lon 1S46 2 vols. sq. 12mo. This cd. is revised and eu arged by Drs. Francis and Griffith. Johnston pub. several other '^ Johnston, William. England as it is in the Nine- teenft Centur'y: Political, Social, and Industrial, Lon., ".^Rit'alld'ru written, abouna.,s with information of '"^PJ.irun;Tvfi!^o rfeS de rensel,nement."-^^^ Johnston. See Jousson and Johnstone. j"h"stone, illrs., of Inverness, f eo"--!' ^ f/; ^J novelist. 1. Clan Albin, a National Tale, Lon., 18U, 4 vols. ^^.^"jaTH^^^rnovel of great merit, full of incident and character. The Diversions of Holycot; or, Art of Tti"king. 18mo Highly commended. 4. Nights of the Round Table, 1835 , ""?•„! cTt; mrmeritorious efforts of our fiction-witers."- ^MrtTedited for a number of years a monthly magazine established at Edinburgh »^"\1«30, to which ,he was a contributor, and she edited and contributed to the Edin- burgh Tales, a weekly issue of stories and novelettes The°se papers' were bound up and sold together (184.-46 in 3 vols. r. 8vo. and a new ed., 3 vols. r. 8vo bound in 1 vol was pub. in 1850. The contributors to this agi-eeable loli^c^iou^were Mrs. Johnstone, Mrs. Marsh MFraser Tytle Mrs. Gore, Mrs. Crowe, John Mills, Miss Mitfonl Mary Howitt, William Howitt, Thomas Carlyle, Sir I. Dick L "der, &c. Mrs. Johnstone's Tales are. The Experience o^R hard Taylor ; Young Mrs R'"''"'^'!, ^hree Chnstmas Dinners; Mary Anne's Hair; Governor Fox; L'tto Fanny Bethel ■ Frankland the Barrister ; Mrs. Mark Luke, or West Co-W Exclusives ;^ Violet namiltun or a^,e Ta lented Family ; Mothering Sunday, or Old Usages • Anarew Howie the Hand-loom Weaver; The Ventilator of the Old House of Commons; Bl.anche Delamere ; The Weird of "e Winranis, a Tale' of the Persecuting Times; N.ghean Peard or the Tinker's Daughter. . •"^Mfs'. Johnstone's stories have -a»--<.K-at popularity^ "Her characters are strictly drawn »"''/:,, ™,lVtin E«g. ''^^We sus*cl-om'«e\'d the Oievalier to be ^^r^^^^^^^^^Xi couader,and wo are not willmg 1° .'•->''<=,»;;">', ''"^ ''" We ha^ fhirles for couiace upon such suspicious authority. ... "e naj^ p rtoknow ttai some, of his stori.^ are alt.;getber tictitious."-Su. Waiter Scott: Life and Works of John Homf Johnstone, Hon. Andrew Cochrane. 1. Pro- ceed, on M:,,ior J. Gordon, 1804, Svo. 2. Defence of A. Johnstone, 1805, 8vo. Johnstone, Charles, .an Irishman, who d. in India nboiit 1 800 1 Chrysal ; or. The Adventures of a (,uinea, 17 2vdJ.; 3ded.,\762,2'vols. in 1, 12mo. Two addi . vols 1765. Often Reprinted. Best ed., Lon., 1821 o vols Im 8vo A key to the characters in this satirical novel vm be found in' William Davis's Olio of Eibl.og and Lit Anec , 13^21, and a review of the work, with a life of the " hor, is in Sir Walter Scott's Miscell. Prose Works. Sir ^^.S'wt.mTv safely rate Charles Johnstone as ^P^'^f. '""""••" ,, 2 The Reverie; or, A Flight to the Paradise of Fools, 1762, 2 vols. 12mo. A Satire. 3. The Hist of Arsaces Prince of Betlis, 1774, 2 vols. 12mo. A sort of po itical romance. 4. The Pilgrim; °''Y''\''''''l^f''"J'iC vols 12mo. 6. The Hist, of John Jumper, Esq , atma TunVerXck 1781, 3 vols. 12mo. A rom.ance in low life. See Thaimers's Biog. Diet.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Uiv. ^iOl 780 Ixxvii. 631, Ixxx. 311. . ,, , ,^ .lohnstone, Edward, M.D. 1. P.apersin Med. Com., 1777. 2. Paper in Memoirs Med., 1(90. ,„<,, ,,, Johnstone, (Jeorge. Theolog. treatise.,, i'32 33 Johnstone, George, M;l'-,3°/'-'^'i''T ?;i^;'on 1787, Governor of West Florida, 1763 pub. ll>o«gl'ts °° our Acquisitions in the East Indies, particularly in Bengal, 1771, 8vo, and two Speeches, 1768, i5. Johnstone, James, M.D., 1730-1802, a n,ativo of Annan, Scotland, practised Grst at Kuldcrminstcr and sub- sequently at Worcester, where he remained until hs death He pub. a number of valuable profess.ona works, l'M-9^. and'medical papers in Phil. Trans., Med. Com., and Me moirs Med., 1758-99. Among his works are Histor. Dissert, on the Malignant Epidemic Fever of l-oO, Ac Lon., Ii58, Svo, and Medical Essays and Observations 1 , 95, bvo His writings were held in great esteem. See Chalmers s Biog. Dkt., Lon. Gent, and Month. Magazines, 1802 ; Doddridge s ^'iohnsiont. Rev. James, Chaplain to his Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary to the Court ol Denmark. 1. Anecdotes of Ohive the Black, King of Man, &c^, Co- penh., 1780, 8vo. 2. The Norwegian Account of Hacos Expedition against Scotland, A.n. 1263, 1,82, 8vo. 3. Lodobrok.ar-Quida, sir., loco, 1782, 12mo. 4. An .qui a es Colto-Normanic*, Copenh., 1786, 4to. 5. Antiquitates Celto-Scandicae, 1786, 4to. Johnstone, James, Physician to General Hospital, Birmingham. 1. A Therapeutic Arrangement and hylla- bns of Materia Mediea, Lon., sm. Svo. .... '■This book cannot but be particularly useful to those who intend to ll tro or write upon tile Materia Mediea as we /« '"^^e students for whose particul.ar use it is prepared. -Snt. mid tor. ''"t Discourse on the Phenomena of Sensation, Lon., ^''johnstone, John. East India Stock, 1766. _ Johnstone, John, Land-Surveyor and Drainer at Ediru"gh, pub. an Account of Joseph Elkington's System AnririiU. Bwq., 1854, 81. , , , . 'Elkington's system of draining was at »"« f™''„^, ''^ '° such esteem, that a Pariiamentary grant of f 1000 was passed for the purchase of his secret. Johnstone was de- puted to publish this secret to the worid, and the work was received with much favour : "The result, published by Johnstone, displays ono of the most beautiful and mportant applications of scientihc principles to prac S mV»" - wilbii, til. 'vhole r.ange of human knowledge. '- i",t .!/ V.M-. oV l;..,,;, l„s„UUe, May 24. 1S44. Johnstone, John, M.D., d. 1836, aged 68 a son of JamosJohustonc,M.D.,of Ann.an, waslor more 'h-;D /"ty years a physician at Birmingham, and for about that time ti"; intimate friend of Dr. Samuel P.arr, whose Works, with Memoirs of his Life and Writings and a Selection from his Correspondence, he pub. in 1828, 8 vols. Svo. He also JOII JON" puh. several professional works, among whicli are Medical »furispruJeucb, Lon., 1800, Svo. Sec a biographioiil notice of Dr. J. in Lou. Gent. Mag., May, 1837, 517-549. JohustoiiC) John. 1. Specimens of British Poets, from Chaucer to the Present Day, with Biograph. and Crit. Notices, Edin., 1828, 12mo ; Lon., 1837, 24mo. "It contains the most precious portion of the most precious lite- rature in e?dsteuce." — i>>H. Athenxum. 2. Specimens of Sacred and Serious Poetry from Chaucer to the Present Day, with Biograph. and Crit. Notices, 24mo. " Well calculated to produce and fix the best impressions, find to exalt and ounuble the character and eiyoyments of human beinj;fi." —Edin. Theob>,j. Mag. Johnstone, John, RectorandVicarof Overton, Hants. The Way of Life : in a series of Scrms., Lon., 1841, Svo. Johnstone, W, D., Rector of Ifield. 1. Family Prayer, Gravesend, 1844:, Svo. 2. Baptism, Lon., 1845, 12mo. Johnstone, William. Paper in Med. Obs. and Inq., 1762. Johnstone, William Henry, Chaplain of Addis- combe. 1. Israel aftur the Flesh ; ur, The Judaism of the Bible separated from its Spiritual Religion, Lon., 1850, Svo. "The reader who wishes to understand accurately the relation of Judaism, as a polity, to the spiritual religion taught in the Bible, will find much advantage from the study of the following book." — Dr. Wm. L. Alexander : Connex. of Old and N. Tests., ed. 1853, 313-314. '* Characterized by sound learning, precision of statement, and conclusiveness uf rejisoning.'" — Brit. Quar. Rn'., NuV. 1862. 478. Also commended by T. K. Arnold, Kitto's Journal, Cam- bridge Chronicle, A^c. 2. Sunday and the Sabbath, 1853, sm. Svo. 3. The Wor- ship of Vanities; a Serm., Croydon, 1853, Svo. 4. Israel in the World ; or, the Mission of the Hebrews to the Great Military Monarchies, 1855, fp. Svo. Johnstone. See Johnston and Johnson. Johustonu, James. A Juridical Dissert, on Mar- riage Contracts and the Marriages of Cousins-Germain j Illustrated from the Canon Law, «fcc., Lon., 1734, Svo. Johonnot, James. Country Sehool-Houses,1859,8vo. Jole, William, A Warning to Drunkards, Lon., 168U, 4to. Unfortunately, this book is still needed. Jolitfe, Henry. Responsio Henrici Joliffi et Roberti Jonson ad illos Artie. J. Hoperi, Antvo., 1564, Svo. Joliph, William. Serm., Lon., 1589, Svo. Jollie, F. 1. Cumberland Manners, Ac, Carlisle, 1811. 8vo. 2. Cumberland Guide, Ac, ISll, Svo. JolUe, T. Character of T. Whitakcr, 1712, Svo. Jolliie, T. R. Letters from Palestine, &c, 1822, 2 vols. Jolly, Alexander, D.D., 1756-1338, Bishop of Moray, Scotland, was ordained Deacon, 1777 ; Priest, 1778 ; Pastor at TurifF, in the diocese of Aberdeen, 1777; in 178S re- moved to Fraserburgh, where he resided for forty-nine years; consecrated Bishop of Dundee, 1796. 1. Baptismal Regeneration, 1826 ; new ed., with Account of the Author, by Rev. P. Cheyne, Lon.. 1840, 12mo. This work is also pub. in the Voice of the Church. 2. Sunday Services and Holy Days, Ac, 1S28 ; 3d ed., with Memoir of the Author, by Rt. Rev. Jas. Walker, D.D., Bishop and Primus, Edin., 1840, 12tuo. See also Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1838, 547. 3. The Christian Sacrifice in the Eucha- rist, 1832, 12mo; 2d ed., Aberd., 1847, 12mo. "Kvinces Tractarian tendencies.*' — BicKerstetli s C. S. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1838, 547, fur a very favour- able notice of this work. The See of JMoray, founded in the twelfth century, was absorbed in other dioceses after the decease of Bishop Jully. Jolly, J. B. F. Sciences and Philos., 1806, 2 vols. Jonas, A. Law of Nisi Prius, Lon., 1773, I2rao. Jonas, Peter, 1. Laws of E.xeise, Lon., 1802, Svo. 2. Artof Gauging, 1804, '06, Svo. 3. Hydrometrical Tables^ 1807, Svo. Jones. Answer to Tate's Question cone, the Ancient Britons. See Hearne's Discourses, p. 213, Oxf., 1720, Svo. Joues. Guide to Norway ; or, Salmon-Fisher's Com- panion, by Tolfrey, Lon., 12mo. ■ Jones, Mrs., of Pantglass. 1, Scattered Leaves; or, Twilight TritlL's. Lon., 1853, 12mo. 2. Lott— ery, 1838. Joues, Captain. His Legend, Lon., 1636, 4to. With Part 2, 1G4S, 4to ; 1656, 4to ; 1659, sm. Svo; 1671, 4to. This burlesque, in imitation of a Welsh poem entitled Owdl Rich. Greulun, was written by the Rev. David Lloyd. See Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 433 ; Athen. O.xou. Jones, A. D» Illustrated American Biography, N. York, 1853, Svo. Jones, Abraham. State of the Country, 1794, Svo. Jones, Alexander, M.D., of New York. 1. Cuba in 9ii6 1861, N.York, 1851, ?vo. 2. Histor. Sketch of the TAectrlc Telegraph, 1852, Svo. 3. The Cymry of Seventy-Six : or. The Welshmen of the American Revolution and their De- scendants, lSo5, Svo. Jones, Rev. Alfred. The Proper Names of the Old Testament Scriptures Expounded and Illustrated, Lon., 1856, 4to. *' This is an exceedingly creditable book, — creditable alike to Mr. Joues and to Kingfa O^Uego, London, of which he is one of the akimni. The value of such a work to the clergip'man or Biblical studtint canuut be overrated." — Gent. Maq., Aug. ISiiC. Jones, Alfred B. On the Teeth, Lon., 1853, Svo. Jones, Basset. Lapis Philosophorum Examini Sub- jectus, Oxon., 164S, Svo. Jones, C, "The Crediton Poet," d. at Keynsham, near Bristol, 1792. Poems. Jones, C. C. Recollections of Royalty, 1190-1807, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. Joues, C. Handheld, and E. H. Sieveking, As- sistant-physicians to St. Mary's Hospital, London. 1. A Manual of Pathological Anatomy, Lon., 1854, fp.; IstAmer. ed., revised, Phila., 1855, Svo, nearly 750 pp. '• A comprehensiTe EngUsh work on Pathological Anatomy has long been a desideratum in Medical Literature; the present work fills up in a great measure the deficiency which has hitherto existed, and Drs. Jones and Sieveking deserve great credit for the manner in which they have performed their task." — Lon. Med. Times a/id Gazette. Also highly commended by The Stethoscope, the N. W. Med. and Surg. Jour, &c. 2. By C. II. J., Pathological and Clinical Observations on Morbid Conditions of the Stomach, 1855, Svo. Joues, C. J. Memoirs of Miss O'Neil, 1816. Jones, C. J, Collection and Recovery of Rent- Charge; 2d ed., Lon., 1849, 12mo. Jones, Charles. Serms., 1705, both 4to. Jones, Charles. Hoyle's Games Improved, Lon., 1779, 12ino. Jones, Charles A., of Cincinnati, a son of George W. Jones, formerly of Philadelphia, practised Law at Cincinnati, and subsequently at New Orleans, where he died in 1851. The Outlaw, and other Poems, Cincin., 1835. Privately printed. This volume evinces the pos- session of uncommon poetical abilities. Jones, Charles Colcock, D.D. 1. The Religious Instruction of Negroes in the U. States, Savannah, 12mo. 2. The Glory of Woman is the fear of the Lord. Phila., ISmo. 3. Suggestions on the Religious Instruction of Negroes in the Southern States, 1855, ISmo. Other pub- lications. Jones, D. Discourse on Peace, 1795, Svo. Jones, David, of Marcham. Serms., 1690-1703. Jones, David. 1. The Secret Hist, of Whitehall, Lon., 1697, 2 vols, in 1, Svo. Continuation from 168S to 1696, Svo, 1697. New and best ed. of this "scandalous history," 1717, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Usurv, &c., 1692, 4to. 3. Hist, of the Turks, 1655-1701, 2 vols.'Svo. 4. Life of K. James II.. 1702, Svo. 5. Hist, of the House of Bruns- wick-Lunenburgh, 1715, Svo. Joues, David, a native of Caernarvonshire, who died about 17S0, wrote some poetry, edited two collections of Welsh poems, and made a collection of ancient Welsh MSS, Jones, David, of Langar. Serm., Lon., 1796, Svo. Jones, David. See Keyworth, Thosias, No. 1. Joues, David. The Value of Annuities and Rever- sionary Payments; with numerous Tables, Lon., 1843, 2 vols. Svo. *' An able scientific treatise." — McCuUoch's Lit. of Fhlit. Econ.y 252. " If there bo any one book in bur language, or any other, which, by itself, would both train an actuary an'l enable him to practise his profession, this is the one.'" — Lon. Athenceutn. Jones, David F. Turnip-Husbandry, Lon., 1847, 12mo. "The author describes most correctly the most approved cultiva- tion and use of the turnip-plant." — D-maklson's Agricult. Biog. Jones, E. O. 1. Religious Knowledge among the Poor in 1850 and in 1750, [Centen. Prize Essay,] Lon., 1850, 12mo. 2. Eminent Characters of the English Revolu- tionary Period, 1853, cr. Svo. Jones, E. T. 1. English Book-Keeping for Schools, Lon., 1840, 12mo. 2. Science of Book-Keeping j Sth ed., 1844, r. 8vo ; new ed., 1854, r. Svo. Jones, Ebeuezer. Studies of Sensation and Event: Poems, Lon., 1843, Svo. '■We recommeud him to be more humble in his pretensions anj simple in his address when next he appears in pubhc." — Loyi. At/ien^ April 13.1844. Jones, Rev. Edmund. A Relation of Ghosts and Apparitions which commonly appear in the Principality JOJT JON of Wale?, Brist, 1767. See an interesting article — in wbir^h this work is mticerl — on the Popular Superstitions of the Wl'IsU in the Lnn. llctrospec. Review, 1825, xi. 06- 8S. 2. Account of the Parish of Abcrystruth, Trevecka, 1779, 8vo. Jones, Edward. Youn^ Geographer and Astrono- mer's Best Companion, Lon., 1773, 12uio; 2d ed., 1792. Joues, Edward, Bard to the Prince of Wales, and a native of ^eriunethshiro. 1. Cii-ero's Brutus, Lon., 1776, 8vo. 2. Musical and Poetical Relics of the French Bards, 17S4, fol. ; 2d cd., 1791. ful.; ;U ed., 1S12, fol. ; new ed., 3 vols. -Ito. 3. The Bardic Museum of Primitive British Literature, &c., forming a 2d vol. of No. 2. 4. Minstrel Serenades, 1809. 6. Lyric Airs, ISIO, fol. 6. Terpsichore's Banquet, 1813. Jones, Edward. Index to the Records on the Re- membraucer's Side of the Exchetiuer, Lon., 1793-95, 2 vols. fol. Jones, Edward. Cockchafer; Nic. Jour., 1802. Jones, Edward. 1. Prevention of Poverty, Lon., 1796, Svo. 2. Portugal Conveutiun Defended, 1808, 8vo. Jones, Edward. Book-Keeping, Brist., 1796, 4to. Jones, Edward. Vaccination, Lon., 1806, Svo. Jones, Edward. Levelling, Lon., ISil, 12mo. "A general trt';iti::ie un the sui'ject.'' — Lon. Timi:s. Jones, Edward G., M.D. Gout. Lon., 1810, 12mo. Jones, Ernest, a barrister-at-law of London, has gained sume reputation as a poet, and perhaps as much as a Chartist, his political speeches having cost him a heavy fine and two year;;' imprisonment. 1. The Wood- Spirit, Lon., 1S41, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 2. My Life: a Rhap- sody. 3. Chartist Lyrics. 4. The Battle-Day, and other Poems, 1855, 12mo. '* Those who happen to be acquainted with the poetical produc- tions of Ernest Jones must allow that they possess clearness and force, a genial perception of nature, a vigorous imagination, and a Tivid poetical spirit. Persons wlio expect that the great Chartist leader will infuse low Radical ide;is in low Radical fasihion into his verses will find themselves mistaken.'" — Lon. Sjiecddor. 5. Emperor's Vigil, and the Waves of the War, 1855, 12mo. Jones, Frederick. 1. TuUagaum Expedit. from Bombay, 1794, 4to. 2. Letters, 1795, 4to. Jones, Frederick C. Attorney's Pocket-Book; 7tb ed., adapted to the Law of 1850, by J. Crisp, with a Supp. by RoUa Rouse, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo, £1 1«. An Adaptation of do. by R. Rouse, 1850, 1 vol., '.is. 6d. Jones, G. A Hist, of the Rise and Progress of Mu- Eic, Theoretical and Practical, 1818. Jones, G. F. Law cone, the Liabilities and Rights of Common Carriers, Lon., 1827, 8vo. Jones, George. Erieudly Pill, Lon., 1674, 12mo. Jones, George. A Comprehensive Hebrew Gram- mar, Dub!., 1826, Svo. For the use of the Univ. of Dublin. *' His work contains a summary of all that is valuable iu the Thesaurus Grammaticua of Buxturf." — Chris. Exam., or Church of Irdund Mag., Feb. lSi>7. See Home's Bibl. Bib. Jones, George. 1. Hist, of Ancient America ante- rior to the Time of Columbus; proving the Identity of the Aborigines with the Tyrians and Israelites; 3d ed., 1843, r. 8vo. "You are quite welcome to make any use you please of my opimous respecting your volume on the Tyrian Origin of the Temples in Central America. I most heartily repeat that I am convinced you have fully proved your case." — SiK Sawuel Rush MetriCK: London, August \Uh. 1S44. " We have felt much reluctance in performing the painful duty of exposing eo shallow a writer as Mr. Jones." — Lon. Athe.7i., July 1, 18^, where Mr. Jones and his theory aufler severely from criti- cal handling. 2. Tecumseh, a Tragedy, The Life of General Harri- son, [late Pres't TJ. States,] and the First Oration on Shakspeare, 1844, 12mo. Jones, George, Chaplain in U.S. Navy, b. July 30, 1800, near York. Penna., grad. at Yale Coll., 1823, with the highest honours of his chiss. 1. Sketches of Naval Life, New Haven, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. Excursions to Cairo, Je- rusalem, Damascus, and Balbec, N. York, 1836, 12mo. He accompanied Commodore Perry on the Japan Expedi- tion, and has published (3) the results of his observations for two years on the Zodiacal Light, 1 vol. 4to, 348 plates, pp. 750. The new theory of a nebulous ring around the earth is a deduction from these observations. This last work forms the third volume of Com. Perry's Japan Ex- pedition. See Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy, 1857, 405. Jones, George Matthew, Captain R.N., d. 1831. Travels in Norway. Sweden, &c.^ Lon., 1827, 2 vols. Svo. Jones, Gibbon. Serms., 1741. '46, both 8vo. Jones, Giles, in conjunction with his brother Grif- Firn JoNr*; (po^') nnd JonN Nkwbef.v, wrote a number of Liliputian Histories for the Y'^oung. Jones, Griffith, 16S4-1761, a nativeof Caermarthon, Rectur of Llauddowror in that county, wrote anil pub. several religious treatises in Welsh and English, of which many thousands, together with thirty thousand Welsh Bibles, were distributed by his agency through Wales. See Sketch of his Life and Character, 1762, Svo. Jones, Griffiths Rector of Denbigh. Popish Objec- tions against Protestants Briefly Answered, Lon., 1735, 18mo. Jones, Griffith, d. 1786, was concerned with his bro- ther Giles ('i)*/t) and John Newberv (post) in the author- ship of the Liliputian Histories for the Young, and was associated with Dr. Samuel Johnson in the Literary Maga- zine, and with Goldsmith and Smollett in the British Maga- zine. He also pub. anonymously many translations from the French. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. Jones, II. Bence, M.D., Licentiate of the Royal Coll. of Physicians, London. 1. AppUc. of Liebig's Physio- logy to the Prevention and Cure of Gravel, Calculus, and Gout, Lon., 1343, Svo. " In thus expressing our opinion of the practical value of this publication, it is satistactnry to find ourselves supported by Pro- fessor Liebig himself, under whose immediate superintendence and sanction a translation into German is now preparing." — Lon. Pharniaceut. Jrmr. 2. On Animal Chemistry, in its Relation to Stomach and Renal Diseases, 1850, Svo. '■ The Work of Dr. Bence Jones is one of the most philosophical and practical which has issued from the press for many years past." — Lo7i. Lancet. '' Dr. Bence Jones is already favourably known as the author of works and papers on animal chemistry ; and this contribution to his favourite science is calculated to extend his reputation 03 an able chemist and suuud physician." — Lon. Mo^nth. Med. Jour. 3. Dr. Du Bois Reymoud's Animal Electricity, edited by H, B. Jones, M.D., fp. Svo ; 50 engravings on wood. "This small volume is a valuable addition to our scientific lito- niture. Those who read with attention may learn many most im- portant facts from this work, but it demands such attention." — Lon. AthtrKVum. '• The name of M. Du Bois Roymond is probably known to most of our re-adt-rs as that of a zealous investigator into Animal Elec- tricity. We have now had the opportunity of witnessing some of the most interesting of these experiments. We beg to tender our thanks to Dr. Bence Jones for this very seasonable publication, and for the very efficient mode in which he has performed the task." — Lon. M-'-dico-Cliirurgical Beview. 4. Fownes's Manual of Chemistry : see Fownes, George; HoFMANX, A. W., M.D. 5. Liebig and Kopp's Ann. Rep. of the Progress of Chemistry: see Hofmaxn, A. AV., M.D, 6. G. J. Midder's Chemistry of Wine, edited, 1857, 12mo. Jones, H- Berkeley. Adventures in Australia in 18.52 and 18.^3, Lon.. 1853. p, 8vo. Jones, Hamilton C. Digest of Reported Cases in Supreme Ct. of N. Carolina, Dec. 1845 to Aug. 1S53: Law and Equity. Raleigh, N.C., 1855, 2 vols, in 1, Svo. Jones, Havfiet, The Family of Santraile; or. The Heir of Mentault: a Romance, 1809. 4 vols. Jones, Henry. The Lamentable and WofuU Com- playnte of my Lady Masse, 1548, Svo. Jones, Henry. Remonstrance of divers Remark- able Passages cone, the Church and Kingdom of Ireland, 1612. 4to. " This is one of the most interesting and authentic accounts of the horrible proceedings in Ireland." Jones, Henry, Bishop of Meath. 1. Serms. on Ps. cxviii. 24-20, 1660, 4to ; 1667, 4to. 2. Serm., Dubl., 1076, fol. 3. Serm., Lon., 1679, fol. Jones, Henry. The Philos. Trans., 1700-1720, abridged and disposed under General Heads, Lon., 1721, 2 vols. 4to. Jones, Henry, d. 1770, a native of Drogheda, pa- tronized by the Earl of Chesterfield, pub. a vol. of Poems, Lon., 1749, Svo, occasional poems, 1751-66. the Enrl of Essex, a Tragedy, 1753, Svo, and left au unfinished tra- gedy called the Cave of Idra. See Biog. Dramat. Jones, Henry. The Prophecies, And. andN.Y., 1837. Jones, Herbert. Serms., 1774, '75, '77, Jones, Horatio Gates, of Philadelphia. A Genea- logical Account of Wigard Levering and Gerhard Lever- ing, &c., Phila., 1858, Svo, pp. 193. See (N. York) Hist. Mag.. Nov. 18.:i8, 350. Jones, Hngh, Professor of Mathematics at ■William and Mary College, Minister of Jamestown, Virginia, and subsequently chaplain to the Assembly of Virginia, pub. in 1724, Lon., Svo, pp. 152, The Present State of Vir- ginia, &c. "This is one of the scarcest works relating to Virginia published iu this century. The author thinks that the settlement of America 987 JON JON by the Eurnpeans is a fulfilment of the scriptural text on his title- jirtgii, Japheth bciug the Eiiglisli, .S'c/h the Indians, aud Qinaan the Negi'oes." — JUcWs Bill. Am^r. Nova, i. 35, q. v. Joues, I. G,, M.D., late Prof, of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, &e. The American Eclectic Practice of Medi- cine; to which are appended the posthumous writings of T. Morrow, M.D., also late Px-of. of the Theory and Prac- tice of Medicine in the same Institute, Ciucin., 1856, 2 vols. 8vo, pp. 1650. "It bears upon every page the stamp of Dr. J-*s vigorous, inde- pendent, and priietical style of thn«p;ht. Such a work has long Lteen necdfd, and we rejoice to know that it has been produced." — Dr. Bucn\NAX, in Eclec.. Mtil. Jour. Jouesy luigo, 1572-1G52, the celebrated architect, a native of London, also claims a place as an author. 1. The Temple of Love ; a Masque, Lon., 1034, 4to. 2. The Most Notable Antiquity of Great Britain, vulgarly called Stone-Heug, on Salisbury Plain, Restored. Completed and pub. by Mr, ^Vebb, 1(555, ful. ''Of this work there were but a few copies printed, and most of them were lost in the fire of Loudon." — GouGH. Watt mentions an ed. in 1665. fol. Jones's work was certainly repub., with other essays, by Dr. Charlton and Mr. Webb, iu 1725, fol. See Charltox, or Charletok, Walter, M.D., where we have touched upon the Stone- Ilenge controversy. 3. Histor. E;lv ScriDtm'es." — Bicker- trine, on the simple teatunony of the Iloly Scriptmcs.' steth's C. S. , , ,_, „ TT-Tj- >, /•* z> " niB tracts on the Trinity are invaluable.' —in/iKims 6 C. J^ 3. Natural Philosophy, 1762, 4to. 4. Physiological Dis- quisitions, 1781, 4to. 5. Lects. on the Figurative Lan- guage of the Holy Scriptures, Ac, 1786, Svo ; 6th ed., 1821, Svo ; new ed., 1849, 18mo. "His rules are either ambiguous or indefinite; and, according to his principles, a lively imagination may make any thing out of the plainest parts of Scripture. More satisfaction will be found in a smgle section of Glassius than in the whole of Mr. Jones's volume. — Ortiic's Bibl. Bib. , , ^. . j "His Figurative L.-inguage of Scripture, Book of Nature, and other practical works, are (notwithstanding the excess of figurative iuterpretation) interesting and \\setnl."—Bickersteth's C. S. " His Lectures on the Figurative Language of Scripture are full of instruction. . . . His Sermons are grievously deficient in Evan- gelical sentiment." — Williams's C. P. ■■ Valuable and pious Lectures [on the Figurative Language 01 Scripture]."— Home's Bibl. Bib. "These Lecturfs constitute, in our opinion, one of the most inge- nious and valu.able Works of their Author: they arc .it once calcu- lated to illustrate and enforce scriptural truths, to throw new light upon some doubtftd pass,ages, to enlarge the understandmg. to affect the heart and conscience, and stunulato to upright and holy con- duct."— Bc/ecfic Hev., Aug. 1809. " One of the most interesting works that can be presented to the young Christian."— Grant's i'/JS^isA Church. 6. The Scholar armed against the Errors of the Time, 1792, 2 vols. Svo. These vols, are composed of a numher of dissertations, extracts, Ac. collected by Mr. Jones and pub. in this shape. " These two volumes may be considered as a library in themselves to anv young student of the Church of England, and no such per- son who takes a fancy to what he there finds can ever fall into ko- cini.anism. Fanaticism. Popery, or any of those other modern corrup- tions which infest this Church and nation."— Jonci's Life 0/ Bishop Jlonie. 7. The Life of Bishop Home, 1795, Svo : see Hobne, George, D.D. S. Zoologia Ethica, 1771, Svo. We have spoken of Mr. Jones as a proficient in music : he puh. several treatises on this subject, and his own an- thems, in score, Ac, were greatly admired. See his Life by Wm. Stevens, first printed in the Anti-Jacobin Review, and subsequently prefixed to his works, (supra.) " His works contain many things learned, ingenious, and fanci- tn\:'~Ormc's Bibl. Bib. "A clear, able, and pious writer, though prejudiced against Cal- vinism." — BickersteOCs C. S. " This eminent Hutchinsonian was the personal friend of Park- hurst and of Bishop Ilorne ; and in talents and learning was at least equal to either of them. ... He was a good man, an honest p.atriot. an unbending Churchman, and a valuable writer; hut he sometimes suffered his imaciuation and love of allegory to overcome his better judgment."- WiUiamss C. P. 991 JOS' " One of the soundest philosophers and most devout Christians that the history of our church can hoast of."— SWAINSON: Dimmrse on Natural History. " Of this faithful servant of God I can epeak both from personal knowledge and from his writings. Ho was a man of quick pene- tration, of extensive learning, and tho soundest piety ; and ho had, beyond any other man I ever knew, the talent of writing upon tho deepest suhjects to tho plainest understandings."— Blsaop IIoks- L£Y : Char'jcs. Jones, Sir William, Sept. 28, 1746-ApriI 24, 1794, one of tho most illustrious characters on tho page of his- tory, was a native of London, and a son of the eminent mathematician of the same name whose remarkable at- tainments in his favourite science wo have already com- memorated. The learning of the family was not confined to either of these persons, for the mother of Sir William was also noted for her erudition, as well as for the virtues and accomplishments more usual to her sex. That the successful pursuit of knowledge detracted nothing from the latter more valuable recommendations, we have the unequivocal testimony of her husband : " She was virtuous without blemish ; generous without extrava- gance ; frugal but not niggard ; cheerful but not giddy ; close but not sullen; ingenious but not conceited; of spirit but not passion- ate ; of her company cautious ; in her friendship trusty ; to her parents dutiful; and to her husband ever faithful, loving, and obedient." Thus did this excellent wom.in — as evinced in tho lines just quoted, and in her future happy experience— seoui-e the rcw.ard promised by inspiration and recorded by the wisest of men: "Her children rise up and call her blessed; her husband also, and he pralseth her." It was to the sole charge of such a mother that William Jones was left, by the decease of his father, when he had scarcely reached his third year. He early manifested an ardent thirst for know- ledge, which his maternal instructor well knew how to turn into profitable channels : " Tho mother of Sir William Jones, having formed a plan for the education of her son, withdrew £i-ora great connexions, that she might hve only for that son. Her great principle of education was to excite curiosity ; the result could not fail to be knowledge. ' Jiead and you will know,' she constantly replied to her filial pupil. And we have his own acknowledgment that to this maxim, which pro- duced the habit of study, he was indebted for his future attain- ™™'3. '—Disraeli on the Literary Character, ed. Lon., 1S40, 441. When he had completed his seventh year, he was placed at Harrow School, under the tuition of Dr. Thackeray; and this rigid preceptor, so economical of his commendations in the presence of his best pupils, did not hesitate to de- clare in private that William Jones '• Was a boy of so active a mind, that, if he were left naked and friendless on Salisbury Plain, he would nevertheless find the road to fame and riches." This eulogium was endorsed by Dr. Sumner, Thackeray's successor in 1761, so that when Jones was entered of University College, Oxford, in the spring of 1764, great expectations were reasonably entertained of his future distinction. His fond mother would not consent to a se- paration, which would have been equally distressing to the object of her devoted attachment, and, to the great joy of William, now in his eighteenth year, she accompanied him to Oxford. During his short residence at this famous seat of learning— to which he brought far more learning than the majority of graduates carry from it — he applied himself so assiduously to his studies, that his health would probably have been undermined for life, had lie not taken care to vary the seclusion of the closet with tho athletic excrcLses in which he was a distinguished proficient. In these amusements, whilst yet at Harrow,- which Jones also pressed into the service of classic learning by giving them a dramatic character— his principal associates were William Bennet, afterward Bishop of Cloyne, and Samuel Parr, the equally famous "Birmingham Doctor." The fame of young Jones's erudition having reached the ears of Earl Spencer, he sent him an invitation to become an inmate of his family in the capacity of tutor to Lord Althorpe, then seven years of age. This proposal was accepted, and in tho summer of 1765 he removed to Wim- bledon P:irk, where be found himself most pleasantly situ- ated in the midst of kind friends, and with ample oppor- tunities of pursuing his favourite researches into Oriental literature. A Fellowship at Oxford conferred upon him in the course of the following summer was an agreeable addition to the substantial comforts which now rewarded the studious zeal for which he h.ad been distinguished from his earliest years. In 1767, aud again in 1770, he visited the Continent with the Spencer family, and whilst there eagerly availed himself of the literary opportunities which the absence of engrossing occupations now permitted him freely to enjoy. On his return to England, he determined to embrace the profession of tho law; and we find him on the I'Jth of September, 1770, duly recorded as a student 932 JON of the Temple, where he soon evinced the same thirst for the 'acquisition of legal knowledge which previously sti- mulated his philological and other less abstruse investiga- tions. He was admitted to the Bar in 1774, and appointed a Commissioner of Bankrupts in 1776. As early as 1763 he had gained great reputation by a translation, made at the request of the King of Denmark, of the Life of Nadir Shah, from an Eastern MS. into the French language. This, together with Pieces relative to the French tr'ansTa- tion, Ac, was pub. in 177U, London, 2 vols. 4to. Disser- tation sur la Littiirature Orientale was pub. in 1771, 8vo, and in the same year appeared his Grammar of the Per- sian Laugu.age, 4to. The 7th ed. was pub. 1809, 4to, and in this ed. (and in that pub. in 1S04, also edited by Dr. Charles Wilkins) the orthography is adapted to the mode of spelling adopted by Dr. Wilkins in his improved ed. of Richardson's Persian Dictionary. The Grammar will be found in vol. V. of the Svo ed. of Jones's Works, (13 vols.;) but the last and best eds. are those by Professor Samuel Lee, of Cambridge, 1823, 4to, and 1828, 4to. In 1772, Svo, (2d ed. 1777, Svo, ) he gave to the world Poems, consisting chiefly of Translations from the Asiatic Language; in 1774, Svo, Poesoos Asiaticse, Ac, or, Commentaries (in Latin) on the Asiatic Poetry; and in 177S, 4to, a trans., with Notes, of the Speeches of Isa;us from the Greek. " It is almost impossible to overlook the excellence of this fluished performance."— Dr. Adam Cl.^rke. The last work was followed by a Latin Ode to Liberty, to which succeeded — the proximity is somewhat amusing — a matter-of-fact Inquiry into the Legal mode of sup- pressing Riots. In the next ye.ar — 1781, Svo— appeared bis learned Essay on the Law of Bailments, which is now more valued as a literary than as a legal production, and which — perhaps even an American and a layman may be permitted to remark — is far inferior to Judge Story's great work on tho same subject. Jones's Essay, however, is not to be denied considerable merit; and Judge Story wrote under a better comprehension of the subject as a branch of tho Common Law than was attainable in the d.ays of his predecessor. The 2d ed. of Jones's Essay, edited by John Balmanno, was pub. in 1798; the 3d, by J. Nicholl, in 1823 ; the 4th, by W. Theobald, in 1S34. The Amer. eds. are, tho reprint of the 2d English ed., Brattleborough, 1813, 12mo; of the 3d English ed., with addit. Notes and Keferenoos, by W. Halstead, N. York, 1S2S, Svo; and an ed. pub. in Phila., 1836, Svo. See 25 Lon. Monthly Rev., 236; Ixvi. 298 ; 2 Amer. Jur., 78; vii. 137; ON. Amer. Rev., 46, (by Judge Joseph Story ;) xxxvi. 408, (by Dr. Chas. FoUen ;) Bridg. Leg. Bibl., 176: 7 Leg. Obs., 117; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 429; Story's MisceU. Writings, 68, 75, 204, 239. We know of nothing that wa can quote in this connexion so much to our purpose, so strictly pertinent, as the glowing tribute of Mr. Justice Story to the merits of his illustrious brother of the law: '■ The doctrine of bailments (which lies at tho foundation of the law of shipments) was almost struck out at a smglo heat by Lord Holt. [Note: The case of Coggs v. Bernard, i Ld. Kaym. R. 909,1 who had the good sense to incorporate into the English code that system which the text and the commentaries of the civil law had .aUeady built up on the continent of Europe, What remained to give perfect symmetry and connection to all the parts of that sys- tem, and to refer it to its principles, has been accomplished in our tunes by the incomparable Essay of Sir William Jones, a miiu of whom it is difficult to say which is most worthy of admiration, the splendour of his genius, the rareness aud extent of his acquire- ments, or the unspotted purity of his life. Had ho never written any thing but his Essay on Bailments, he would have left a namo unrivalled in the common law for philosophical accuracy, elegant learning, and finished analysis. Even cold and cautious as ia the habit. It not tho structure, of a professional mind, it is impossible to suppress enthusiasm when we contemplate such a man ''—North Ammcan Remew, vi, 46-47, Nov. 1817; and in Story's MisceU. Writinffs. 1852, 67-68. In March, 1783, Mr. Jones was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, and received the honour of knighthood, and about the same time— a happiness which perhaps he valued more than either of the instances of good fortune just named— he was married to Anna Maria Shipley, eldest daughter of the Bishop of St. Asaph. His friends were rejoiced to see his eminent merit not unsuitably rewarded, and Lord Ashburton con- gratulated him on having at once secured " two of tho first objects of human pursuit,— those of ambition and love."' In April, 1783, Sir William Jones and his lady embarked for India, and arrived at Calcutta in the month of Sep- tember. That ardour in tho pursuit of knowledge which w.as one of his most distinguishing characteristics was not allowed to slumber in his adopted home. He called around him those who were likely to sympathize with his interest iu tho cause of learning, and in nine months after JON JON 1784-94. On the Hindus, tho Arabs, the Tartars, the Persians, the Cliineso, the Burderers, &c. of Asia; tho ori;j:iu ;ind families of nations, Asiatic history, and tho pbiiosophy of the Asiatics. A dissert, on the orthogra- phy of Asiatic words in Roman letters. On the gods of Greece, Italy, and India. IV. On the Chronology of tho Hindus. Antiquity of tho Indian Zudiack. On the Lite- rature of tho llindus; from the Sanscrit. On the second chissieal book of the Chiueso. Tho lunar year of tho Hindus. The musical modes of the Hindus. On the mystical poetry of the Persians and Hindus. Gitagovinda; or. The Song of Jayadeva. Remarks on the Inland of Ilinzuau. Conversation concerning the city of Gwender. On the course of the Nile. On the Indian game of Chess. Indian grant of land. Inscriptions. Cure of the Ele- ^ phantiasis, Ac. Tales and Fables by Nizami, [translated.] The Lost Ring?] an ancient Indian ! V. The design of a treatise on the plants ol India. On • ■ •■ ' ' the Spikenard of the Ancients, with a Supp. by W. Rox- Catalogue of his arrival had tho satisfaction of establii^hing a society, the "Transactions" of which have added greatly to our knowledge of Asiatic literature and scitnce. Before his departure he had exhibited hi,s knowledge of an abstruse department of Oriental literature by his translations into English of an Arabian poem on the Mohammedan Law of Succession to the Property of Intestates, (17S2, 4to,) and of The MLiallakat, or Seven Ancient Arabian Poems, (178:;, 4to:) and he now determined to qualify himself, by acquiring a knowledge of the Sanskrit, for the preparation of a digest of Hindu and Mohammedan Laws, similar to that which Justinian gave to his Greek and Roman sub- jects. The year 17S9 was made memorable in Anglo- India literary annals by the publication of the first volume of the Asiatic Researches, and the completion of Sir William Jones's translation of Sacontala, or The Fatal King, [Sakoontal;] , drama by Kiiliddsa. This was not pub., however, until the appearance of the collective ed. of Sir William's Works, in 1799, 6 vols. 4to. In 1794, Svo, (2d ed., 1797, Svo,) he pub., as an institute prefatory to his larger work, a trans, of the Ordinances of Menu, " who is esteemed by the Hindus the tirst of created beings, and not only tho oldest, but the holiest, of legislators." Sir William had intended in the following year (179y) to follow Lady Jones, who had been compelled by ill-health to return to England in 179o; but it was not so written. On the evening of the 20th of April, or about that date, exposure to the night- air during a protracted ramble brought ou an inflamma- tion of the liver, which resulted fatally within a week. Thus died, far away from home, and separated from her whose presence could best have soothed the pangs of a dying hour, this illustrious Englishman, ere he had num- bered forty-eight years, during one-fourth of which he had enjoyed a reputation for scholarship unequalled by any one living. But he was notalone : his excellent friend Lord Teignmouth closed his eyes in death, and the God whom ho had long served in fervency of faith and humi- lity of spirit did not forget him in tho time of weakness and the hour of trial: "Ilis bodily fiufiVring," says his lordship, "from the complacency of bis ftaturc'S and the ease of his attitude, could not have been severe; and his niiud must have derived consDlation from those sources where he had been in the habit of seeking it, and where alone, in our last moments, it can ever be found." His remains were interred in the burial-ground at Cal- cutta; but a stately monument to his memory arrests the thoughtful attention of the visitor to St. Paul's Cathedral. The testimony of Sir William Jones to the authenticity and inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, and the weight and value of the sanctions and the consolations by which they appeal to tho mind and heart of man, is of peculiar value. Profoundly versed in the languages in which they were originally written, and skilled to a surprising extent in the peculiarities of Oriental literature, — starting moreover, when ayoung man, with a skeptical bias against the claims of revelation, — the conclusion to which his mind was brought by his researches is thus told in his own words: *' I have regularly and attentively read the Holy Scriptures, and am of opinion that this volume, independent of its divine origin, contains more sublimity and beauty, more pure morality, more im- portant history, and finer strains of poetry and eloquence, than can be collected from all other books, in whatever language or age they may have been composed." This will remind the reader very forcibly of the remark of the illustrious friend of Sir William Jones's father, Sir Isaac Newton : "I find more sure marks of the authenticity of tho Bible than in any profane history whatever." With us, wo confess, such evidence is irresistible; and certain it is that if tho testimony of these great men, or of either of them, had leaned to the other side of tho question, we should never have heard the last of it from unbelievers. A collective ed. of tho works of this eminent scholar was pub. by his friend Lord Teignmouth, in 1799, in 6 vols. 4to; to these were added two supplementary volumes, in ISOl, and a Life by Lord Teignmouth in lS04j in all, 9 vols. 4to. The whole were reprinted in 1S07, in 13 vols. Svo, with the exception of the supplementary volumes, tho contents of which were not written by Sir AVilliam, but consist of a reprint of such parts of the vols, of the Asiatic Researches pub. under his presidency as had not been inserted among his works. The contents of the 13 vols. of which Sir William Jones's works consist aro as follows : I., II. Memoirs of the Author, by Lord Teignmouth. III. Lord Teignmouth's Discourse at a Meeting of the Asiatic Society, [on the decease of Sir William Jones;] Anniversary Hiscourses (XI.) before tho Asiatic Society^ .63 burgh, M.D. On the fruit of the Mellori. Indian Plants. A Grammar of the Persian Language. A catalogue of the most valuable books in tho Persian Lan- guage. Index to the Persian Grammar, [A Vocabulary.] The Hist, of the Persian Language. VI. Poeseos Asiaticae Commentariorum, libri vi., cum appendicosubjicitur Limon, sen miscellaneorum liber. VII. Charges to tho Grand Jury at Calcutta, 1783-92. Institutes of Hindu Lawsj or, Tho Ordinances of Menu, according to the Gloss, of Calluca. VIH. Institutes of Menu, continued. The Mohammedan Law of Succession to Property of Intestates. The Mohammedan Law of Inheritance. An Essay on tho Law of Bailments. An Inquiry into the Legal Modo of Suppressing Kiots. Speech on the Reformation of Par- liament. The Principles of Government. Character of Lord Ashburton. IX. The Speeches of Isseus, &c., [trans- lated,] with Notes and Comnioutary. Sacontala, or The Fatal Ring; an Indian drama, by Calidas, trans, from the original Sanscrit. X. The Moallakat; or. Seven Arabian Poems, which were suspended on the Temple at Mecca. Poems, consisting chiefly of translations from tho Asiatic languages; to which are added two essays: 1. On the Poetry of the Eastern Nations; 2. On the Arts com- monly called Imitative. Lettro a M. du P[erron]., dans laquelle est compris I'Examen de sa Traduction des Livres attribues a Zoroastre. XI. L'histoiro de Nadir Chah. XII. L'histoire Chah, continued. Traite sur la Poesio Oriontale. Introdue. to tho Hist, of Nadir Shah: 1. A description of Asia; 2. A short history of Persia. XIIL Hitopadesa of Vishnusarman. Tho Enchanted Fruit ; or. The Hindu Wife, an antediluvian Tale, [in verso.] Hymns; to Camdeo, to Pracrati, Ac, [in verse.] Tho first Nemean ode of Pindar. Extracts from tho last book of tho Ramayan. Extracts from the Vedas. Fragments. Catalogue of Oriental MSS. presented to the Royal Society. Tho above list of writings, especially when considered in connexion with tho multiplied personal engagements of tho author, certainly exhibits evidence of no ordinary literary industry. Tho admiration of the reader will be increased by an inspection of a table of the languages with which this eminent linguist was more or less familiar. 1. Greek. 2. Latin. 3. Italian. 4. French. 5. Spanish. 0. Portuguese. 7. Hebrew. 8. Arabic. 9. Persian. 10, Turkish. 11. German. 12. English, 13. Sanskrit. 14. Hindostanee. 15, Bengalee. 16. Thibetan. 17. Pali. 18. Phaluvi. 19. Deri. 20. Chinese. 21. Russian. 22. Runic. 23. Syriac. 24. Ethiopic. 25. Coptic. 26. Dutch. 27. Swedish. 28. Welsh. But Sir William's circle of attainments was by no means limited to a knowledge of languages, or to the various subjects upon which he employed his fertile pen, as indi- cated in the preceding catalogue of his productions : in chemistry, mathematics, botany, and music, he was also deeply versed. " lie aoems," says Lord Teignmouth, " to have acted on tbia maxim: — that whatever had been attained was attainable by him; and he was never observed to overlook or to neglect any opportU' nity of adding to his accomplishments or to his knowledge. When in India, hia studies began with the dawn, and, in seasons of inter- mission from professional duty, continued throughout the day: meditation retraced and confirmed what reading had collected or investi^.':;ition discuvered. By a regular application of time to par- ticul;H- III -1111:1 III iri~. bf jmrsiirii various objects without confusion; and, ill iiirii I i.iLiiiL--: wliifli d-'pi'in led on his individual perseverance, be wa'j in'\' I ilitiirrd liy ilitljriillie.s from proceeding to a successful terniiuatiou." — Lifcof Hir Willuun Jo7ies. The great success with which he pursued his investiga- tions into the literature of tho East has elicited the admi- ration of all who have carried the spirit of inquiry into the same department: 993 JON "There are few authors to whom Oriental literature is under more deep obligations than to Sir William Jones ; few who like hira. have not merely pointed out original and important sources of knowledge, but contributed in no inconsiderable degree to render tliem accessible lie was equally remarkable for his ardour and industry m philological pursuits, from a very early period of his Ufe until IS premature and lamented close."— Welsford ; Orimn oj thi: Lufflish Language. "^ '■ AVilliam Jones has as yet had no rivals in the department which he s,.l,/cte.l; no one appears to have comprehended as he did the anti.iuities of Asia, and, above all, of India, with the acutencss of a phi osopher, or to have seen the mode of reconciling every thing with the doctrine and history of the Scriptures.'-— Fbederick Vu5 ScHLEOEi: Lects. o,i the Hist, of Literature, Ancient and M,xlern: Lect. Ali . ' And see Lcct. V., where sereral of Sir William's trans- lations arc briefly noticed. It is to be remembered that Schlegel penned the pas- sages just quoted almost half a century since, in 1S12 Since that date Oriental literature has been cultivated with great success by Horace Jl.ayman Wilson, Duncan Forbes Monier Williams, J. Cockburn Thomson, Eastwick, Cowell^ Cassal, Griffitb, Barker, Keene, Johnson, Prinsep, and others. Among the modern specimens of translations from the Sanskrit, we m.ay briefly notice that of the Bhagavad- Giti, by J. C. Thomson, and the version of Sakoontala or The Lost Ring, by M. Williams. The prose transla- tions of these works— that of the former by Sir Charles Wilkins, of the latter by Sir William Jones— had made them known to Oriental scholars, but in the new versions recently published (18o5J they are likely to have a much wider circulation. Sakoontala, or The Lost Rin.-, has elicited ardent eulogies from those who have taken the pains to acquaint themselves with its many beauties : r,!'?^^^ "I'T.??;™"","'' "''ir Pl^.^'8 (nataks) hitherto known to ns is the delightful Sakontala. which, notwithstanding the foreign colourmg of the native climate, bears in its general structure such B striking resemblance to our own romantic drama, that we miebt be inclined to suspect we owe this resemblance to the predilection for Shakspeare entertained by the English translator, (Sir William Jones,) if his fidehty were not attested by other learned Oriental- a,S£7.tS7L'V//."' '''"' ^''"■•^"'^^ '^*-'"' ^™"""- -^'■« "Of all Indian poems, so far as we are as yet acquainted with them, that of Sokuntola (which has been tran-IlatedwUh the most scrupulous exactness by Jones) is the work which gives the best Idea of Indian poetry : it is a speaking ex.ample of that sort of beauty which is pecuhar to the spirit of their fictions."-FKEl.EKICK Von ScnLEOEL: Lects. on tlie Hist, of Lit.. 1812- Xec< F. '""''' "Kiihdasa. the celebrated author of Sakoontala, is a masterly descnber ot he mlluence which nature exercises upon the niindl of overs This great poet flourished at the Court of Vikram.aditva, and was therefore contemporary with Virgil and Hor.ice. Tender- ness in the e.\pression of feeling, and richness of creative fancy 7, ^fS^f V ""'T, '''" '""y f^""' """"S the poets of all nations"." — ALEX.VNDER \0N HOMDOLDT. But the glowing eulogy of Goethe must not be omitted : " Would^t thou the young year's blossoms and the fruits of its aecline, And all by which the soul is charm'd, enraptured, feasted, fed? W ould thon the earth and heaven itself in one sole name combine? I name thee, Sakontala ! and all at once is said JON Mr. Williams's translation is a free one, and in prose and verse, and a great improvement (according to Profes- !?,';,,^- M; Wilson) upon the original translation by Sir William Jones. Whilst noticing modern translations of this school, we must not omit to make honourable mention 01 the following: Khirad-Afroz, Anvar-i Suhaili, GuIistSn, BSgh o Bah-ir and Prem Siigar, by Prof E. B. Eastwick; a selection from the Odes of Hahz, and Vikramorviisi, by Prof E B Cowell; the Anekirthaof Hemachandra, by Charles Cask'; Baitiil Pachtsf by Prof W. B. Barker ; AkhUik-i Muhsini by Prof ]L G. Keene; and Hitopadesa, by Prof Johnson. We observe that a prize of £300 has been recently of- fered, (IVIarch, 1857,) by a gentleman lately a member of the Bengal Civil Service, for the best treatise on the Ve- danta. The treatise is to be written in German or French The essays are to be lodged with the Royal Asiatic Society before April 1, 18B0, and Professor Lassen, of Bonn Dr Windisehmann, of Munich, and Professor Max Muller of Oxford, are to be the examiners and adjudicators, the object IS to elicit treatises which will be of assistance to Christian missionaries in the East. Some years ago the satno gentleman who ofi-ers this prize placed two sums of ±5U0 at the disposal of the Universities of Oxford and Oambridge, for essays on Christianity and Hinduism But we have wandered from our theme, and the le'n.'th of our article warns us to return. It may be readily sup- posed that the melanoholy news of the early demise of the profound scholar, the upright judge, the conscientious Christian, and the afl-ectionate friend, elicited many tears not only in the land where he had been known from boy- bood, but also in his adopted home, among a simple and confiding people, who had suffered too much from the cruelty .and extortion of many of his countrymen not to know how to value a man of such true nobility of character as Sir William Jones : "The pundits who were in the habit of attending him," remarks his friend and biographer, " when I saw them at a public durbar a few days after that melancholy event, could neithet restrain their ears for his loss, nor find terms to express their admiration at the wonderfu progress which he bad made in the sciences which thej professed."-L0RD TElo.vMOCTn : Life of .lir William Jones _ Ihe commendations of his countrymen have been la- vished upon his character and attainments with all the pro- fusion of eloquence animated by the warmth of affection, and yet have not exceeded the rigid estimate of impartiul criticism. '■Know him, sir r exclaimed the friend of his boyhood. Samuol Farr^— who. with all his pompous affectation, had a warm heart under lis Koman mail,-" Know him, sir 1 who did not know him ? Who ud not bend m devout respect at the variety and depth of his Wm"?' n" '"'<',S"'.V of l-is principles, and the benevok-nce of his heart ?" — Barker's Parriana, 322. "Need I dwell .t moment," says Dr.Dibdin, "on the recommen- dation of the works of Sir William Jones ? A scholar, a critic, phi- losopher, lawyer, and poet,— where shall we find, in the works of the same man, greater demonstrations of pure and correct feeling, and cultivated and classical taste, than in the volumes here noticed .ind recommended ? The piety of Sir William Jones was not inferior to his learning. A thoroughly good and great-minded man, his cau- tion, humility, and diffidence were equal to his learning and multi- farious attainments; and there is a vigour and r.aciness in his tiansbitions of Persian poetry which give them the enchanting air of original productions."— ii6. 0>mp.. ed. 1S26, 425 '; His writings everywhere breathe pure taste in 'morals as well as in literature; and it may be said with truth, that not a single sentiment has escaped bim which does not indicate the real elegance and dignity which pervaded the most secret recesses of his mind No autlior is Ijetter calculated to inspire those generous sentiments of liber y without which the most just principles are useless and lifeless."— Sra J.imes Mackisiosb. " The name of Sir William Jones is associated not only with the splendour of a great reputation, but with almost all the amiable r?« 't'u'']'''K^ virtues; and the tender affections, which were a little chilled by the aspect of his vast Uterary attainments, are won sweetly back, and rest with delight upon the view which is here exhibited [in Lord Teignmouth's Life of Sir William Jones! of the purity, the mtegnty, and the mildness of his private manners . fhe most remarkable features of his character, indeed, seem to have resulted from theumon of this gentleness and modesty of dis- position with a very lofty conception of his own capability and destination. '-Lord Jeffrey : Review of Lord TeigmnouthS Life of Air n m. Jonejl, Edin. /?<•,.., v, 329-330, Jan. 1805 '' ■' nf "l-'l°„S%'"""''t°',f !'■""■' "I^ ^'^ ^"'''•"" •'™'^« acquired a degree of knowledge which the ordinary faculties of men, if they were blessed with antediluvian longevity, could scarcelv hope to surp.4s His learning threw light on the laws of Greece and India, on the ge^ neral literature of Asia, and on the history of the family of natfoS^ "!,f T^'''"''''"''^''' ?"?'"'°™- ''Dd philanthropy into the cS racter of a lawyer and a j udge. Amidst the driest toils of eruditto^ he retained a sensibihty to the beauties of poetry, and a talent fS St",'";? ^^ '"'°,'"' °"''' "'"g"='g«. ^hich has seldom been united with the same degree of industry. When he went ahro^ t was not to ennch himself with the spoils of avarice or an biti™' but to search, amidst the ruins of Oriental Uteratm-e, for treasures which he would not have exch.anged measures ' For all Bocara's vaunted gold. Or all the gems of Samarcand.' " ■D i T J T a- , , Thom.is Casipbeu. But Lord Jeffrey takes a view of this subject less dis- couraging to the young student, and tells us that, '• Great as Sir William Jones's attainments unquestion- ably were, they may be contemplated without despair hv any one who is not frightened by his industry." Nor is his lordship disposed to concede to Sir William Jones's mind the attributes of original genius, philosophical acumen, or great strength of understanding. A similar opinion to this was expressed in very decided terms by one who, as we have justseen.entertainedthehighestadmirationforSirWillam'a character,— Sir James Mackintosh. But the time for quota- tion is passed, and the curious reader can pursue this matter further by referring to the Edinburgh Review for January, 7i'~^i'u- ^'^^"'y'^ R«^'«w of Lord Teignmouth's Life of Sir William Jones; and to the North American Review for October, 1832 -Alexander H. Everett's Conversations with Sir James Mackintosh; Sir James Mackintosh's Life Jones, William. Insanity ; Med. Com 1786 Jones, Milliain, Three Serms., 1778-96 Jones, Hilliam. Works on astronomy, mathema- tics, geography, and natural philos., Lon., 1782-1800 Ac Jones, H'illiam. Art of Music, Colches., 1784* fol" Jones, William. Two .Serms., Lon., 1790-01 ' Jones, William. Spectacles; Nic. Jour., 1804 Jones, "illiam, 1762-1846, a native of Potilton, England, a bookseller and pastor of a Scotch Baptist Church in Fins^bury. 1. Life of Abr. Booth, Lon., 1808, 8vo. 2 nist.oftheWaldenses,18U,8vo. Subsequent^ pub under the title of The Hist, of the Christian Church to the 18ih Cent., including the Hist, of the Waldenses I and Albigenses; 4th ed., ISIS, 2 vols. 8vo. JON nnmcd gentlenian, thnt, "if Ben Jonson's mother married a seoonil time. %vc liave yet to usccrtuin who w:is her second husband." That the future poet, however, did in his early youth give some reluctant attention to the useful art and mystery of hrickmaking, we have his own avowal, con- veyed in most disgu.-tful terras. Previously to this un- promising entrance upon the responsibilities of active life, Jonson had pursued his studies at the school attached to St. Martin's-in-t.bc-Fields, at Westminster School, (under the illustrious Camden.) and fur a week or month, when in his si.\teenth year, at St, John's College, Cambridge. After throwing aside his trowel, the mechanic turned soldier, and gained great distinction by his bravery while serving in a campaign in the Low Countries. There is a tradition that on his return to England at the age of nineteen he re- turned to pursue his studies at Cambridge ; but this conjec- ture appears to have no better foundation than the difficulty of otherwise accounting for that proficiency which he un- doubtedly acquired in some of the Latin authors. It ap- pears much more likely that he immediately became coq- nected with the stage, — where he had but little success a» an actor,— and not long after applied his literary talent to good purpose by assisting the dramatists of the day in the composition of their pieces. An unfortunate quarrel with a brother-actor, named Gabriel Spencer, led to a duel which resulted in the death of the latter and the imprisonmant, for about a twelvemonth, of the unhappy victor. Whilst in prison, he was visited by a Roman Catholic priest, who presented his doctrines in so favourable a light to the re- pentant duellist that he became a convert, and for twelve years retained the ecclesiastical connexion thus com- menced. The young actor was no sooner discharged from custody than he sought to resign his freedom, and, perhaps without a due appreciation of the serious step he w.as taking, was not satisfied until able to write himself a mar- ried man. The h.ardships of poverty pressed sorely upon the young couple, whose sole fortune consisted in their abundant" tuck of mutual affcjiion, (we spe.ak of the honey- moon,) and the iictor determined to become an author in the enlarged sense of that term, by trying his luck with a drama, calculated, he fondly hoped, to produce a harvest of profit and reputation. The precise time at which he composed the Comoedie of Euery Man in his Hvravr can- not now be ascertained, but it was originally acted by the Lord-Chamberlain's servants, in the form in which we have it, in the year 1598, although it is asserted that it w.as acted eleven times between Nov. 25, 1596, and ISIov. 10, 1597. He seems to have previously written for the stage con- jointly with others, as we have intimated above, and with- out assistance; but we are oljliged to commence the list of his ascertained productions with the play just named. This at once gained him fame and enemies; and now seem to have commenced those literary quarrels the details of which form so large a portion of Jonson's personal history. Rejecting the stories of his misunderstandings with Shak- speare, who, it is asserted, — but the assertion is not believed by Gilford,— was the means of introducing his first comedy on the st.age, we still leave our poet's hands full of his assailant.s, — Decker. JIarston, Gill, and other active com- batants. This successful piece was followed by Euery Man ovt of his Hvmvr, A Comicall Satyre, first acted in 1599; Cynthias Revels, or The Fount.ayne of Selfe-Loue, first acted in 1599; The Poetaster, or His Arraigncment, a Comicall Satyre, first acted in 1(501 ; Sei.anvs his Fall, a Tragcedie, first acted in 1603; Volpone, or The Fo-xe, a Coinedie, first acted in 1605 ; Epicoene, or The Silent Woman, Comojdie, first acted in 1609; The Alchemist, a Comoedie, first acted in 1610; Catiline his Conspiracy, a Tragcedie, first acted in 1611. So far we h.ave quoted the titles of our author's principal productions (not pausing to notice his minor pieces) from his own collective edit, of his Workes, pub. in 1616, now lying before us. To these succeed, in this ancient folio, Epigrammes. I. Booke ; The Forrest, (Songs, Odes, Ac.;) Part of the King's En- tertainment in passing to his Coronation; A Panegyre on The Happie Entrance of James ovr Soveraignc to V"! first high Session of Parliament in this his Kingduu.,; Lua suffering imprisonment and confiscation of estates for his I jg of March, 1603 ; M.asqves at Coort. ^ Protestant principles, became a preacher of those doctrines 1 it will be seen that in this folio, pub. in 1616, the author for which he had been in bonds. It has been generally ' ,li,i not include the Comedies of Bartholomew Fair, pro- asserted by the poet's biographers, from the time of Wood : duced in 1614, and the Devil's an Ass, produced in 1616. to Gifi'ord, that his mother, after the decease of Jonson's I It is probable, also, that a number of minor pieces written father, married again, and that the object of her choice before this time (many are without any date) were re- was a bricklayer, named Thomas Fowler. But the later | served by the author for a future volume of his collected researches of Mr. Peter Cunningluim. endorsed by the Workes: learned imprimatur of Mr. J. Payne Collier, have brought .* ne seems," saysGifford, " to have meditated a complete edition US to the conclusion, to borrow the language of the last- Uf all hiB works; but he apparently grew weary tow.-irds the cou- JON " Contains a p-cat v.irinty of curious and highly-interesting p&T- ticulars."— Z."i.jl/rvn(/l. A'cc. » , tt i 3. The Biblical Cyclopedia ; or. Dictionary of the Holy Scriptures, 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. Last ed., 1840, 8vo. " The plan of tliis Biblical Cyclopedia is leas extensive than that of Dr. J. Robinscm's Dictionary."— ffjriie's Bibl. Bib. '■ A very u-icful book of reference on almost all sutijects relating to tlie sar'r,,l vntiime. It is the production of an aljle and diligent m.in."— ir///iiiw.i's Ci'. ,.,»,- '■ The aiitlior is a decided Calvinist. The geographical portion o. his work is paiticnlarly well executed."— ii.io/iA-s's BiU. Man. ^ See a review in the British Critic, N. S., 445. 4. Dic- tionary of Religious Opinions, 1817, 12mo. Reprinted. "The description of each sect is given with very tolerable accu- racy and candour : and we can fairly say that it is, upon the whole, the best book of the Idnd that we have sem."— British Critic. 5. Scrms. by, and the Life of, Archibald McLean, 1817, Svo. 6. Christian Biography, 1829, 12ino. 7. Lects. on the Apocalypse, 1829, 8vo. The author argues against the doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on earth. Com- mended by the Imperial Mag., June, 1830 ; Evangel. Mag., Jan. 1830 ; Baptist Mag., Dec. 1829 ; Baptist Miscellany, Feb. 1830. 8. Autobiography, edited by hisson, 1846, Svo, g V. See also Jamieson's Cyc. of Mod. Relig. Biog. Jones, William. Reports of Trials, 1808, '09. Jones, William. Corn Rick; Nic. Jour., 1812. Jones, Rev. William. 1. Testamentary Counsels. 2. Life of Rowland Hill: see Hill. Rowland. Jones, William. Observations on the Insolvent Debtor's Act. Lon., 1S29. Svo. Jones, William Alfred, b. June 26, 1817, in the city of New York, is the son of the late Hon. David S. Jones, and a member of a family which has long been eminent in the annals of jurisprudence. The subject of our notice graduated at Columbia College, New York, and has been for some years officiating in the capacity of libra- rian to that institution. 1. The Analyst: a Collection of Miscellaneous Papers. New Y'ork, 1840, ISmo. "This is a volume well worthy to bo read. It gives proof of re- flection, observation, and literary culture ; .and its style is always clear, sometimes forcible and terse, though not often elegant. It abounds with shrewd remarks, h.ippy criticisms, and well-drawn traits of character. But it is not executed with equal felicity throughout. The author imitates largely in some parts of his book ; he writes not from his own mind and after his own fashion, but draws from others both matter and form." — If. Amcr. Eniiw, 1. 631-533, April, 1S40, (by Prof, C. C. I'elton.) The remainder of this notice consists, like the above, of mi.xed praise and censure. 2. Literary Studies : a Col- lection of Miscellaneous Essays, 1847, 2 vols. 18mo. 3. Memorial of the late Hon. David S. Jones; containing notices of the Jones family of Queeps County, 1849, sm. 4to. 4. Essays upon Authors and Books. 1849. 12mo. See N. York Literary World. Dec. 1849; South. Quar. Rev., April, ISoO. 5. Characters and Criticisms, 1857. 2 vols. 12mo. These vols, contain a revised selection from his contributions to periodicals. "The sound judgment, nice discrimination, cultivated thought, kind spirit, and perfect candor evinced tlirougbout these volumes, render them worthy of being treasured as prevailing models of true criticism, as well as standards of opinion on the subjects to which they relate."— Washinoton Ihvino. Mr. Jones has been long known as a critic, and his un- collected essays, contributed to the New York Church Re- cord, Arcturiis, Whig Review, Democratic Review, Ac, ■would fill two vols, of' the size of those which he has given to the world. A highly-favourable opinion of Mr. Jones's critical abilities will be found in Edgar A. Poe's Literati, in the paper entitled E. P. W'hipple and other Critics. Jones, William Basil. 1. Vestiges of the Gael in Gwynedd, Lon., Svo. 2. With Edward A. Freeman, Hist, and Antiq. of St. David's, Pts. 1-4, 1852-57, Ito; some copies on large paper. " This book of Messrs. Jones and Freeman will be an indispen- sable companion to all future Welsh ecclesiastical histori.ans." — Ijon. Athentnm, March 28. 1S57. 404. See Fbeemax, Edward A. Jones, William T. Catholic Rights, 1792, Svo. Jonson, Ben, or, more correctly, Benjamin John- son, 1573-1637, one of the most eminent of English dra- matists, w.as a native of Westminster, and came into the world a month after the decease of his father, — who, after JON JON elusion of the volume, and never (unle(=8 peculiarly called upon') had ri'course to the press afterwards. The ercond folio is a wretched continuation of the first, printed from the MSS. surreptitiously ob- taini-'d during his life, or ignorantly hurried through the press after his death. It bears a variity of dates, from 1631 to 1641 in- clusive. It is probabb' that hi- l"uU'-d furward to aperiod of retire- ment and ease; but tli-.- loss ..f hi^ M^S.by fire, and the fatal illness which almost immedi;ittly alti-i wards seized him, rendered all such views abortive. It is n-markable that he calls his Epigrams 'Book the First:' he had, then-fore, others in his hand; but they have perished." — Memoir of Brn Jtinmn. It was three years after Jonson's death before any of his later productions were published. Two small edits, of his minor pieces were issued in 1040. and in the next year appeared a reprint of his own folio of 1616, and a second vol. of the same size, containing his dramatie pieces from 1612, several masques, and all that could be discovered of his occasional poetry. Another collective ed. of his "Works was pub. in 16y2, fol, ; another (a reprint of the last) in 1715, 6 vols. 8vo; and a more complete one, edited by the Kev. Peter Whalley, in 1756, 7 vols. Svo. A second issue of Whalley's edit, was commenced in 1792, but the publica- tion extended no further than two numbers. In ISll, 4 vols. r. Svo, appeared — what has been denominated '* an execrable edition" — The I)ramatie Works of Ben Jonson and Beaumont and Fletcher. Whalley'g edit, was most carelessly compiled, the text that of the impression of 1715, rarely collated with early edits., and often erroneous, and the notes of little if of any value. In 1816 Mr. William Giffurd pub. the first good edit, of Jonson's Works. This ■was accompanied with Notes, Critical and Explanatory, and a Biographical Memoir. It was pub. in 9 vols. Svo, £6 6*.; r. Svo, £9. We shall have something more to say of this edit, presently. In lS;iS, Mr. Moxon, of London, pub. an edit, of Jonson's Works in r. Svo, edited by Barry Cornwall, another edit, in 18-41, r. Svo, and again in 1853, r. Svo. Mr. Moxon put forth a collective edit., prefaced in both cases with Giflford's Memoir of the Author. To this Memoir, and especially to the biography of Jonson in Austin and Ralph's Lives of the Poets Laureate, Lon., 1853, Svo, we refer the reader for further information re- specting " Rare Ben Jonson." The other accounts of the poet, referred to below, may be examined for the gratifica- tion of curiosity, and for the amusing gossip of the times to which they relate ; but, according to Mr. (iitford, few men have suffered more from literary injustice than the author of Catiline and Sejanus. Mr. Gilford himself, how- ever, is perhaps too warm a partisan to be considered an infallible authority. In Moxon's reprints of Jonson's Works, above referred to, (1841, r. Svo; 1853, r. Svo,) the arrangement is as follows: after the eleven dramatic pieces already noticed by us, come The Staple of News, a Play ; The New Inn, or The Light Heart, a comedy; The Mag- netic Lady, or Humours Reconciled, a play; A Tale of a Tub, a play ; (this is the last work of the author that was submitted to the stage;) The Sad Shepherd, or A Tale of Robin Hood, a play; The Case is Altered, a play ; Enter- tainments ; Masques; Epigrams; The Forest; Under- woods; Leges Convivales ; Translations from the Latin Poets ; Timber, or Discoveries made upon Men and Mat- ter; The English Grammar; Jonsonus Viribus, or The Memory of Ben Jonson; Glossary; Index. Between Gif- ford's Memoir of the Author and the first of his pieces are inserted Ancient Commendatory Verses on Ben Jonson. We have already referred (see Chapman, George) to Jonson's share in the composition of Eastward-Ho, and he was a partner in other literary enterprises, — according to the custom of the poets of the age. It was in 1616 that Jonson received an acceptable mark of the royal favour, in the shape of an anuuiil pension from King James of one hundred marks a year for life, (from henceforth we designate him by the title of Poet- Laureate,) which was increased by King Charles, in 1630, to one hundred pounds sterling, and "a terse of Canary Wine." This augmentation of his income (for which, in- deed, he had petitioned the king in a rhyming epistle) did not come any too soon, for the extravagance of the poet between 1616 and 1625, his multiplied libations at the Mermaid, and profuse hospitality at his own table, had reduced him to great straits. It is melancholy to be obliged to add that he died in poverty: it is more pleasing to our feelings to be able to record the fact that he departed in : penitence and faith, — regretting the occasional irreverence of his pen, and, we trust, deploring the frequent abuse of powers which were given for nobler ends. He was called to the " dread account" before the " Judge of all the earth" on the 6th day of August, 1637. Did our space permit, we might, ere we proceeded to a brief consideration of Jonson's characteristics as a writer, linger a short time y96 o-v^r some of the prominent incidents of the poet's life, especially upon his memorable visit to Drummond of Ilaw- thornden in 1619, his wit (or wet) combats with Shakspeare, and hisless amiable contests with the second-rate wits of thia belligerent age. But we have already referred the reader to abundant sources of information, and with them we shall leave him, after he has borne us company for a few mo- ments longer, whilst we quote some opinions from a few eminent authorities respecting the characteristics of this once-favourite author. '■ Ben Junson, a younger contemporary and rival of Shakspeare, who laboured in the sweat of his brow, but with no great .success, to expel the romantic drama from the English stage and to form it on the model of the ancients, gave it as his opinion that Shak- speare did not blot enough, and that, as he did not possess much school-learning, he owed more to nature than to art. . . . Jonson was a critical poet in the good and bad sense of the word. lie en- deavoujx'd to form an exact estimate of what he had on every oc- casion to perform ; hence he succeeded best in that species of the drama which makes the principal demand on the understanding and with little call on the imagination and feeling. — the comedy of character. He introduced nothing into his works which critical dissection should not be able to extract again, as his confidence in it was such, that he conceived it exhausted every thing which pleases and charms us in poetry. He was not aware that in the chemical retort of the critic what is most valuable, the volatile living spirit of a poem, evaporates. His pieces are in general defi- cient in soul, in that nameless something which never ceases to attract and enchant us even because it is indefinable. In the lyrical pieces, his Masques, we feel the want of a ceitaiu mental music of imagery and intonation, which the most accurate observation of diflicult measures cannot give. He is everywhere deficient in those excellencies which, unsought, flow from the poet's pen, and which no artist who purposely hunts for them can ever hope to find. "We must not quarrel with him, however, for entertaining a high opinion of his own works, since whatever merits they have he owed, like acquired moral properties, altogether to himself. The production of them was attended with labour, and unfortunately it is also a labour to read them. They resemble solid and regular edifices, lit'fnri-whi'.h. intwi/vrr, tin- clumsy seaffnldiiii:: still remains, toiriti.Trupl untl pi<.-\fiit us finui vi.-uiuK tli..- arL-hitrrhiri.- witli ease and n-CL'ivin;^ fiuiii it a harni>>niiius ill]p^l■^^iiln. "We havo i.if .Jonson two tra^'ical attempts, and a number of comedies and masques. " He could have risen to the dignity of the tragic tone, but for the pathetic he had not the smallt-st turn. As he incessantly preaches up the imitation of the ancients, (and he had, we cannot deny, a learned acquaintance with their works.) it is astonishing to observe how much his two tragedies differ, both in substance and form, from the Greek tragedy. . . . After these attempts, Jonson took leave of the Tragic Muse, and in reality his talents were far better suited to Comedy, and that, too, merely the Comedy of Cha- racter. His characterization, however, is more marked with serious satire than playful ridicule: the latter Roman satirists, rather than the comic authors, were his models. Insofar as plot is concerned, the greatest praise is merited by Valpa7ie,T/ie Alc?ieinist. and EpiccEne, or the Silent Wumaii. ... Of all Jonson's pieces there is hardly one which, as it stands, would please on the stage in the present day, even as most of thein failed to pk-ase in his own time: extracts from them, however, could hardly fail to be successful. In general, much might be borrowed from him. and much might be learned both from liis merits and defects. His characters are, for the most part, solidly and judiciously drawn; what he most fails in, is the art of setting them off by the contrast of situations. The pecu- liarity of Jonson's Masques most deserving of remark seems to me to be the anti-masques, as they are called, which the poet himself Sometimes attaches to his own invention, and generally allows to precede the serious act. As the ideal flatteries, for whose sake the gods have been brought down from Olympus, are but too apt to fall into mawkishness. this antidote on such occasions is certainly deserving of commendation." — Augustus William Von Schlegel: Lects. on Dramat. Art and Lit. ; Black^s Trans., Lon., 1846, 347, 461- 4G2. 463, 465, 466. Dr. Johnson is thought to have very happily hit off the character of his dramatic namesake in the following gra- phic lines in his celebrated prologue : " Then Jonson came, instructed from the school, To please by method, and invent by rule. His studious patience and laborious art With rc;iular approach assay'd the heart: O'ld apiirubutiiin gave the ling'ring bays, i'or they who durst not censure scarce could praise. A miTtal born, he met the general doom. But left, like Egypt's kings, a lasting tomb." Mr. Campbell will be found to dissent widely from tno authorities just quoted, and from several others whose opinions we shall have occasion to cite : "The art of Jonson was not confined to the cold observations of the unities of place and time, but appears in the whole adaptation of his incidents and characters to the support of each other. Be. neath his learning and art he moves with an activity which may be C'lnpared to tlie strength of a man who can leap and bound under the heaWest .armour.'' — Specimens of English Poetry. "Tliere are people who canuot take olives: and I cannot much relish Bun Junson. though I have taken some pains to do it, and wt-nt to the task with every sort of good will. I do not deny his power or his merit ; far from it : but it is to me a repulsive and unamiable kind. He was a great man in himself, but one cannot readily sympathize with him. His works, as the characteristic pro- ductinns of an individual mind, or as records of the manners of a partKuIar age, cannot be valued too highly; but they have little cliann fitr the more general reader." — HazlitVs Lccts.OJi the English Comic Writers ; LcQt, II, JON " Ben JonBon's serious productions are, in my opinion, superior to his comic ones. Wliat he does, is tlie result of strong sense and painful industry; but sense and industry .agree better with the grave and severe than with tlie liglit and gay productions of the jaaie."—l{azUU's Lecls. on tlu: Draitmt. Lit. of tlie Age of Elkabeth ; Led. IT. *' If aslted to give our opinion of Ben Jonson s powers in general, we should s.ay that he was a poet of a high order, as far as learning, fancy, and an absolute rage of ambition could conspire to make him oue; but tliat he never touched at the highest. e.\cept by violent efforts and during the greatest felicity of his sense of success. The material >n iindmninati -1 in him over the sjiiritual. — the sensual over the Miitiiiiinl.d. — that he w;isniore social than loving, and fir morewihnl aini luucitiil tli;iu imaginative.'" — Leigh Hunt's Men and Women and Books: -SV" ' ?""/ '""/ Ben Jonson. "I do not think tlint hi- |,u, n, al merits are yet properly appre- ciated. I cannot oou:-(i[t ihiil tli' palm of humour alone shall bo given to him, while iu wit. feeling, patlios. and poetical diction he is to be sunk fathoms below Fletcher and Jlassiuger. In the last particular I think tbat he c.vcels them both, and. indeed, all his contemporaries, e.vcepting Shakspeare.'" — Henry NeeWs Lects. on Engli.ili I'oelri/ ; Led. IU. Mr. Disraeli also comes to the rescue of the abused poet: "Some modern critics, whose delicacy of taste in its natural feebleness could not str.ain itself to the vigour of Jonson, have strangely failed to penetrate into the depths of that mighty mind; and some modern poets have delivered Ilirir sad evidence that for them the Corypha:us of our elder draiiKiti-ts Im.'i become unintelli- gible." — Amenities of Literature : Tiir Ilnmottrs of Jonson. "With such e-\traordiuary requisites for the stage, joined to a strain of poetry always manly, frequently lofty, and sometimes almost sublime, it may at first appear strange that his dram.-is are not more in vogue ; but a httle attention to his pecuhar modes and habits of thinking will, perh.aps, enable us in some measure to account for it. The grace and urbanity which mark his lighter pieces he laid aside whenever he approached the stage, and put on the censor with the sock. This system (whether wise or unwise) natnr,ally led to circumstances which affect his popularity as a writer: ho was obliged, as one of his critics justly observes, 'to hunt down his own characters,' and, to continue the metaphor, he was frequently carried too far in the chase."— Gi/^ord's Memoir of Ben Jonson. The whole of this criticism should bo consulted by the reader. "The limit in Jonson's two tragedies is that there is not enough to interest flesh and blood in them and to stir up the sympa- thies, the hopes and fears, of humanity. There is a cold historic sublimity, which, however it may command the homage of the intellect, awakes no responsive echo in the heart. The characters are true to history, — true, therefore, to human nature ; and they move on in the plot with stern and terrible decision. But the harsh outline lacks those lighter pencillings, those softer colourings, in which poetry surpasses history, and without which the picture, though bold and masterly, will not chain the living gaze of the spectator to the painter's canvas. . . . Uis best comedies are so generally known that a lengthy critique on them would be tedious. Those that are less read .are scarcely deserving of any notice, beyond the interest that must attach itself to any production from the pen of such a man. Every Man in his Humour, The Alchymist. Vol- pone. or the Fox. and The Silent Woman, are the best of the nume- rous comedies he has left us. . . . Jonson's masques are beautiful. Thouoh with occasional e.xtravagant fancies and strjlined conceits, they are full of learning and taste. They were many of them written for great festive occasions. . . . gome beautiful songs are introduced into them. ... As a translator he must not be forgot- ten. He has left a version of Horace's .Ars Poetica. .and a few of the odes. The former is marvellously literal, and not so tame as might therefore be supposed. In the lattiT there is little to praise; but he has excelled these regular translations in passages of the masques and elsewhere, which ho has borrowed from ancient authors aud literally rendered. . . . Jonson is no exception to the rule that clear and strong utterance is one of the chief characteristics of genius. and that great poets have bi-en g 1 |.r.r>, -writers. The fragment cntitl'-d Tinilier. or Lu-r..veries. sulliri.-ntly shuws. without appeal- ing to his letters, dedications, .and prelUci-. that Knglish literature lost much by the destruction of his prose niuni-n ij.ts. The small remnant that is left is full of eruditecrilh i-iii. pn.l'iund reflection, and great severity of judgment. There ar.' imtis nn books .and on life, arranged in a strange and arbitrary manner, written in a concise and pregnant style, and, though they do not contain so much sen- tentious wisdom," remind us forcibly of the Essays of B.aeou. . . . We have spoken of Jonson as the author of tragedy, of comedy, of masque, .as a transl.ator and prose-writer. But it is as a lyric poet also that we claim for him a homage and adniir,ation which has hitherto been sparingly given if yielded at M."— Austin and Ealph's Liva of the Poets-Laureate, Lon.. lS.i3, 90, 91-92, 95, 913,98-99, 101. An accomplished female writer, whose graceful criticisms we have frequently had occasion to quote in the course of this volume, speaks with enthusiiism of the lyrics just re- ferred to : " We of this age. a little too careless perhaps of learned labour, would give a whole wilderness of Catilines and Poetasters, and even of Alchemists and Volpones. for another score of the exquisite lyrics which are scattered carelessly through the plays and masques which— strange contrast with the rugged verse in which they are imbedded — seem to have burst into being .at a stroke, just as the evening primrose flings open her fair petals at the close of the day. Lovelier songs were never written than these wild and irregular ditties."— J/(iry RusseU Milford's Kecollec. of a Literary Life. We shall hardly feci that we can willingly pass on to the next article in our Dictiooary without quoting some opi- nions respecting our author from some of the great men of his own day and the age which followed. The best- JON known of such passages is that which bears the imprimatur of Jonson's host of April, Itili),— Druinmond of Haw- thorndcn. None of the abundant censures lavished upon his hero more excites the indignation of Gilford than these jottings of the unfortunate Boswell of the age of James I. But, it Druinmond was not the victim of the furor hiof/ra- phicus, surely Gilford was, and therefore (to borrow from Dr. Johnson's letter to James Macpherson) regard is to be paid less to what he says than what he is able to provtj. The easy and confident arrogance with which Gifford con- tradicts the assertions of Jonson's contemporaries, of those who lived in the succeeding few years, and of later authori- ties, who perhaps had as good information, and certainly far better manners, than the editor of the Quarterly, is not a little amusing. Wo arc not insensible to the value of his critical labours, and have no disposition to endorse Mr. Leigh Hunt's assertion that " Sympathy with Jonson's coarseness and his love of the caustic, a poor verbal' tact, and a worship of authority, were the only quali- fications for a critical sense of him possessed by the petulant and presumptuous Gifford."' — 3kn, Women, and Books: buckling and Ben Jonson. But surely Gifford might have displayed all that he had to offer in its best light, without so ruthlessly assailing his predecessors. In the words of a late critic, " The author's one pl'st<_T.s. What things have we seen Done at the Mermaid ! heard words that have been So nimble, and so full of subtile flame, As if that every one, from whom they came^ Had meant to put his whole wit in a jest, And had resolved to live a fool the rest Of bis dull lifi-." It had been better for the whole company had they loved their own firesides more and the Mermaids and Apollos less. Of this gay circle Master Shakspeare was a promi- nent member, and good old Thomas Fuller tells us "■ Many were the wit-combats [" wtr^-combats," the last edition of Fuller, from which we quote, prints it] betwixt him and lien Jon- flon ; which two I behold like a Spanish great galleon and an English man-of-war : Master Jonson (like the furmer) was built far higher in learning; solid, but slow in his performances. Shakspeare, with the English man-of-war, lesser in bulk but lighter in sailing, could turn witli all tides, tack about, and take advantage of all winds, by the quickness of his wit and invention." — Worthies of Englaiid-, Lon., 1S40. iii. 2S4r-285. As Fuller was only eight years of age when Shakspeare died, he of course does not intend us to understand the word *' behold" in its literal sense. Jonson was not always disposed to engage in these wit-combats, for, as Fuller himself tells us in another place, " He would sit silent in a learned company, and suck in (besides wine) their several humours into his observation. What was ore in others, he was able to refine to himself. '' He was paramount in the dramatic part of poetry, and taught the stage an exact conformity to the laws of comedians. His co- medies were above the do/^c, (which are only tickled wit)j downright obscenity.) and took not so well at the first stroke as at the rebound, when beheld the second time: yea, they will endure reading and that due commendation so long as either ingenuity or Icarniug are fashionable in our nation. If his later be not so spriteful and vigor- ous as his first pieces, all that are old will, and all that desire to be ohl should, excuse him therein." — Ibid., ii. 425. " The most learned, judicious, and correct, generally so accounted, of our English Comedians, and the more admired for being so. for that neither the height of natural parts, for he was no Slmk- Bpeare, nor the cost of extraordinary education, for he is reported but a bricklayer's son. but his own proper industry and addiction to books advanced him to this perfection." — Phillips's Tlicat. Poet. Anglic. ; Brydges's ed., 1800, 241-250, q. v. The comparison between Shakspeare and Jonson — whom before GifTord's Memoir it was the fashion to represent as the enemy and vilitier of his illustrious brother — is a fa- vourite topic with many critics. It is not omitted in Dry- den's admirable summary of the literary characteristics of Ben Jonson : '* As for Jonson. to whose character I am now arrived, if we look upon him while he was himself, (for his last plays were but his dotages,) I think him the most learned and judicious writer which any theatre ever had. He was a most severe judge of himself as well as others. One cannot say he wanted wit, but rather that ho was frugal of it. In his works you find little to retrench or alter. Wit and laniriiage. and humour also in some measure, we had before him, but smiiftliing of art was wanting to the drama before he came. {{>■ \\r.i\\:vj,<-{l his strength to more advantage than any which prmiled him. You seldom find him making love in any of his scenes, or endeavouring to move tin- ji;is.siMns: his genius was too sullen and saturnine to do it grarcfutly. >'?ip(icially when he knew he came after those who had perfnrimd buth to such a height. Humour was his proper sphere, and in that he delighted most to present mechanical people. He was deeply conversant in the ancients, both Greek and Latin, and he borrowed boldly from them. There is scarce a poet or historian among the Koman authors of those times whom he has not translated in * Sejanus' or ' Catiline.* But he has done his robberies so openly that one may see he fears not to be taxed by any law. He invades authors like a monarch, and what would be theft in other poets is only victory in him. With the spoils of these writers, he so represents Old Rome to us, in its rites, ceremonies, and customs, that if one of their poets had written either of his tragedies, we bad seen less of it than in him. If there was any fault in his language, it was that he weaved it too closely and laboriously, in his comedies especially; perhaps, too, he did a little too much Romanize our language, leaving the words ho translated almost as much Latin as he found them, wherein, though he learnedly followed their language, he did not enough comply with the idioms of ours. If I would compare him with Slmk- •peare, I must acknowledge him the most correct poet, but Shak- speare the greater wit. Shakspeare was the Homer or father of 99d dramatic poets, Jonson was the Virgil, the pattern of elaborate writing. 1 admire liim, but I love Shakspeare." Sir Walter Scott tbus contrasts Jonson and Shakspeare: '•The one is like an ancient statue, the beauty of which, spring- ing from the exactness of the proportion, does not always strike at first sight, but rises upon us as we bestow time in considering it; the other is the representation of a monster, which is at first only surprising, and ludicrous and disgusting ever after." — Life of Dri/den. The following lines from an old play, entitled Retvrne from Pernassvs, pub. in 1606, (ten years before Shakspeare'a death.) are too pertinent to our subject to be omitted: "Who lonos Adonis lone, or Lucre's rape, His sweeter verse contaynes hart robbing life, Could but a grauer subiect him content, Without loue's foolish lazy languishment." — Act I. Scene II. "Few of the vniuersity pen plaies well: they smell too much of fhat writer Ouid, and that writer Metamorphosis, and talke too much of Proserpina <£• luppiter. Why heres our fellow Shakespeare puts them all downe. I and Ben lonson too. O that Ben Pmson ia a pestilent fellow, he brought vp Horace gluing the Poets a pill, but our fellow Shakefrpeare hath giuen him a purge that made him beray bis credit." — Act IV. Scene III. We would fain quote from HazHtt'a lively comparison between these two great poets, but this our space forbids. The reader must himself turn to Lecture II. of the series on the English Comic Writers. See also, in addition to the authorities cited above, Athen. Oson. ; Kurd's Horace'3 Art of Poetry; Hume's Hist, of England; Gibber's Lives of the Poets; Lamb's Characteristics of Dramat. Writers contemp. with Shakspeare; Drake's Shakspeare and his Times; Biog. Brit.; Biog. Dramat.; Chalmers's Biog, Diet. ; Drake's Essays ; Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature, and his Quarrels of Authors; Whalley's Life of Johnson prefixed to his ed. of his Works ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Spence's Anecdotes; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe; Whipple's Essays and Reviews; Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1820, 1. 181; Eraser's Mag., xxv. 377; Index to Blackwood's Mag., vols. i.-l. ; Lou. Gent. Mag., 1823, Pt. 2, 223, (an in- teresting account of opening Ben Jonson's grave and exa- mining his skeleton in August, 1S23 ;) N. British Review, Feb. 1856. The commeudalions of the Great Earl of Cla- rendon and Lord Falkland (both personal friends of Jonson) are too weighty, and the poetical portrait of Churchill too admirably drawn, to be omitted in a bio- graphical article of Rare Ben Jonson. *' His name,'' says Lord Clarendon, " can never be forgotten, having by his very good learning, and the severity of his nature and man- ners, very much refornieil the stage; and indeed the English poetry itself. His natural advantages were, judgment to order and govern fancy, rather than excess of fancy; his productions being slow and upon deliberation, yet then abounding with great wit and fancy, and will live accordingly ; and surely as he did exceedingly exalt the Eng- lish language in eloquence, propriety, and masculine expressions, so he was the best judge of, and fitted to prescribe rules to, poetry and poets, of any man who had lived with, or before him, or since: if Mr. Cowley had not made a flight beyond all men. with that modesty yet as to ascribe much of this to the e.xample of learning of Ben Jonson. His conversation was very good, and with the men of most note." The assertion last quoted is supported by the testimony of the other nobleman whom we have mentioned as one of the poet's admiring friends : '• To bim how daily flock'd. what reverence gave, All that had wit, or would be thought to have; How the wise too did with mere wits agree, As Pembroke. Portland, and grave D'Aubigny; Nor thought the rigid'st senator a shame To add his praise to so deserv'd a fame!" Lord Falkland's Ed. Churchill's lifelike portrait must conclude an article which has grown on our hands considerably beyond our intended limits : ** Next Jonson sat, in ancient learning train'd : His rigid judgment Fancy's flight restrain'd. Correctly pnin'd each wild luxuriant thought, Mark'd out her course, nor spar'd a glorious fault. The book of man he read with nicest art, And ransack'd all the secrets of the heart; Excited Penetration's utmost force, And trac'd each passion to its proper source; Then, strongly mark'd. in liveliest colours drew, And brought each foible forth to public view. The coxcomb felt a ia.sh in every word. And fools, hung out, their brother fools deterr'd; His comic humour kept the world in awe. And laughter frighten'd folly more than law." The Eosciad. Jonson. See Johnson. Jonston^ John* Under this name "Watt has erro- neously repeated the entry of Auditor Benson's edit, of Arthur Johnston's Psalmi Davidici, «tc. See Johnston, Arthur. Jonston. See Johnston. Jonstonns, anglice JoHNSTON. Jopliu, Thomas. 1. Analysis of the Currency Qaes- tioD, Lon., Svo. 2. Evidence on the Bank Charter, Ac, JOP 8vo. 3. Banking in England and Scotland, Svo. 4. Il- lustrations of Views on Currency, Svo. 6. Views on Corn and Currency, Svo. 6. Outlines of a System of Political Economy, 1823, Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., x.\xi. 126-145. 7. On Currency Reform, 1S44, Svo. Jopling, Joseph. 1. Architect. Designs for Agri- cultural Buildings, Lon., 4to. 2. Practice of Isometrical Persrective ; 2d ed., 1S42, Svo. *' Preferable to tUo common perspective on many accounts." — Prof. Parish. , t. - » '• Peculiarly deserving the attention of Mechanics and tngmecrs. — ^Dr. O. Gregory. 3. New ed. of Dr. Brook Taylor's Principles of Linear Perspective, with addits., Svo. Jopp, Thomas. Reform of Parliament, 1816, Svo. Jordan, G. \V. Tracts on the W. Indies, 1S04, 16mo. Jordan, Henry. Practical Observations on the Pre- 6»rvaf ion of the Teeth, Lon., ISol , 12mo : 2d cii., 1854, 12mo. "Contains all that i3 essential to be known upon the general man,agemcnt of the teeth."— ifrrt. and For. Med.-Cliir. Eev. Jordan, Rev. John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1837-47. Jordan, John, Jr. See Ogden, Johs Cosens. Jordan, Thomas, an actor, and afterwards Poet- Laureate for the City of London, supposed to have died about 1685, was author of four plays and a number of poems, masques. *tc., for an account of which see Lang- liaine's Dramat. Poets; Biog. Dramat ; CensuraLiteraria; Kestituta; Lowndes's BibI JNIan. ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. Jorden, Edward, 1569-1632, a London physician, a native of Kent, pub. four medical treatises, 1603-31. Jortin, John, D.D., 169S-1770, a native of St. Giles's, Middlesc.\, admitted of Jesus College, Cambridge, (of which he became Fellow,) 1715; Rector of St. Dunstan- in-the-East, London, 1751; Vicar of Kensington, and Preb. of St, Paul's, 1762; Archdeacon of London, 1764. He was a man of great learning, fine taste, and much vi- vacity of imagination, an accomplished critic, and a warm friend to the diffusion of sound linowledge. His principal works are the following. 1. Lusus Poetici, Lon., 1722 ; 174S, 4to. These are a few Latin poems. There is said to be a 3d ed. 2. Four Serms. on the Truth of the Chris- tian Religion, 1730, Svo. 3. MiscelLaneous Remarks on Authors Ancient and Modern, 1731-32, 2 vols. Svo. Dr. J. wrote the most of these remarks; but they also contain contributions by Masson, Taylor, Wasse, Theobald, Robin- son, Upton, Tbirlby, and others. The work was trans, into Latin, and pub. at Am.sterdam. 4. Discourses on the Truth of the Christian Religion, 1746, '52, Svo. New ed. See No. 5. *• They abound with sound sense and solid argument." — Dr. Ti- CESlMus Knox. 5. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, 1751-73, 5 vols. Svo. New ed., together with a new ed. of No. 4, and a Life of the Author, by Dr. Heathcotc, 1805, 3 vols. Svo. New ed. of Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, edited by the Rev. W. TroUope, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. It has been re- marked that this work might properly be entitled Curiosi- ties of Ecclesiastical History. The Remarks " do not embrace a regular series of facts, but point out the pro- minent parts and circumstances of the general suliject, with inte- resting remarks." — Dr. E. Williams's C. P., ed. 1S43, 325, q. v. " Once, and rarely more than once, he rose to eloquence ; and that was in the preface to his Remarks. &c., which the late Dr. Gosset told me he regularly read through, every year, with undi- minished delight. ... The Remarks are excellent. — pithy, learned, candid, and acute ; presenting us with the marrow of his predeces- sors." — l>ibilin^s Lib. Comp. "Dr. Jortin has, in .a littlecompass.ttiken notice of so many facts, and animadverted on them with so much judgment, that ttlis work will ever be held in deserved repute." — Bisnop W.\TS0N. " Critical, hut wanting in more important things." — Bickersteth's as. " He is judicious, temperate, candid, and benevolent." — Hales. "The character of his work is too well established to require recommendation." — Booce. •'His remarks are highly interesting and impartial. . . . They are full of manly sense, ingenious strictures, and profound erudition. It is a work highly beneficial to mankind, as it represents in its proper light that superstition which disgraced human nature, and gives a right sense of the advantages derived from religious refor- mation." — Dr. V. Knos. " The Remarks of Jortin are a vrdgar caricature, distinguished not more for their hcirtlessness and" the absence of every noble feeling, than for the author's shameful ignorance of the subject which he presumed to haodle." — Dr. Dowlino. In Rose's Lecture on the Study of Church History will be found some severe strictures on Jortin's Remarks. 6. Six Dissertations upon different subjects, 1755, Svo; 1809, 8vo. "Dr. Jortin, in one of his Six Dissertations, (half a dozen too many.) thus paUits the portrait of Achilles," ic— Professor John ■\VlLS0X ; Essays Critical and Ifiiaginative, Edin. and Lon., 1857, iv. 166, 2. V. JOS " Equally remarkable for taste, learning, originality, and inge- nuity." — Dr. V. Knox. Bishop ■\V.arburton thought otherwise, as the Sixth Dis- sertation proved so conclusively the great antiquity of the doctrine of a future state as to overthrow the prelate's leading and most absurd position in The Divine Legation of Moses. Hurd, therefore, ever ready for such service, took up the cudgels for his friend, and Warburton, in his letters to Hurd, attacks Jortin with his usual arrogance, petulance, and indecency. See Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, in Miscell. of Lit., ed. Lon., 1840, 166 ; Lord Jefi'rey's Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1853, SS9-S90 ; Black- wood's Mag., xxix. 901; and authorities cited below. 7. The Life of Erasmus, with Remarks on his Works, 1758-60, 2 vols. 4to ; 1806, 3 vols. Svo. Vol. iii. is com- posed entirely of Original Documents, and extracts from the writings of Erasmus and other writers. An abridgment of Jortin's Life of Erasmus was pub. by A. Laycey, Lon., 1S05, Svo. " Having been long an object of universal admiration, it is a matter of surprise that his life has never been written with accu- racy and judgment. This task was reserved for Dr. Jortin: and the avidity with which it is read by tlie learned is a proof of the merit of the execution." — Dr. V. Knox. "The ease, simplicity, and vig■'''»<' epistles are addressed to The Printer of The Public Advertiser, Sir William Draper, The Duke of Grafton, The Duke of Bedford, Lord North, Lord Mansfield The King of England, Rev. Mr. Home, and others. Junius was a Grenville or Rockingham Whig and attacked with great severity the ministerial measures 01 the Duke of Grafton and his colleao-ues "The classic purify of their language, the e°xquisite force and per- spicuity of their argument, the keen severit; of their repro,ach the extensive information they evince, their fearless and decWve tone, and, above all, their stern and steady attachment to "he nurest pnneiples of the Constitution, acquired for them, with an ata™t electric speed, a popularity which no series of letters hTve sTnce possessed, nor. perhaps, ever will; and, what is of far greater con sequence, diffused among the body a 'clearer knowled™ of thoi constitutional nghts than they had ever before attained! and anj^ mated them with a more determined spirit to maintain them inX Late. Enveloped in the cloud of a fictitious name, the writS of v^s i„Pfl,;re7fr'rb '"■"'"•-If-b'^heldwith secret ;atisfac"on the 1 ast influence of his labours, and enjoyed, though, as we shall arter- wards observe, not always without apprehension, the universal hunt extolhn^ hin'^'/b ''""■'I ''"" '° ■"' "'^P-''"- "" l-^beld the people extolhng him, the court execrating him, and ministers, and more than nimisters trembling beneath the L-uh of his invi„b e hand^"" JOHN Maso.n Goon M.D. : fea.v on Jumus and hi Wrilims Several unauthorized collections of the letters of Junius 1001 JDN were pnt forth ty various publishers before 1772, in which year Mr. Henry Sampson Wuodfall, the original printer of the epistles, issued an edition in 2 vols. sm. 8vo, with the sanction of Junius, and an eloquent Dedication, Pre- face, and Notes, by the same mysterious individual. In 1812, 3 vols. 8vo, Mr. George Woodfall pub. a new edition of these celebrated letters. In this edit, we have not only the Letters of Junius referred to above, but also his pri- vate letters to H. S. Woodfall, his correspondence with John Wilkes, and other communications to Woodfall's Public Advertiser, under various signatures, ascribed to him with more or less probability of truth. The period during which the Letters of Junius and those thus ascribed to him were written extends from the letter of Poplicola, 28ih April, 1767, to the letter of Nemesis, May 12, 1772. Woodfall's edition contains — I. The Letters of Junius distinctively so called, and ac- knowledged by him, dated January 21, 1769, to January 21, 1772. Of the 69 Letters in this series, 59 were written by Ju- nius,- of which 44 bear the signature of Junius, and 15 the signature of Philo- Junius. Of the 44 letters signed Junius, the titles are as follows : To the Printer of the Public Advertiser 10 " Sir Wm. Draper 5 " the Duke of Grafton 11 " Edward Weston 1 " Dr. Wm. Blackstone 1 On Walpole's Case 1 To the Duke of Bedford 1 On the Rescue of General Gansel 1 On Mudestus 1 Address to the King 1 Retrospect of Parliamentary Session 1 To Lord North 1 ** Chief-Justice Mansfield S On the Falkland Islands 1 On Privileges of Parliament 1 On Parliamentary Resolutions 1 To the Rev. Mr. Home 1 " *' Livery of London 1 " Lord Camden 1 IT Of the 15 Letters signed Philo-Junius (really written by Junius) the titles are as follows : On Walpole's Case 1 '* the Spanish Convention 1 To the Printer of the Public Advertiser 10 " Modestus 1 " Zeno 1 " an Advocate in the Cause of the People... 1 U Of the other 10 Letters the titles are : Sir Wm. Draper to the Printer of the Public Advertiser 1 Sir Wm. Draper to Junius 4 The Rev. Mr. Home to Junius 3 A Friend of Junius 1 On behalf of Junius: anonymous 1 "lO II. Junius's Private Letters to Mr. H. S. Woodfall, dated April 20, 1769, to Janu.ary 19, 1773. In this series there are 64 Letters and Notes, 62 of which are addressed by Junius to Woodfall, 1 to David Garrick, and the other {the conclusion of the series) is a letter of Woodfall's to Junius, dated March 7, 1773. III. Junius's Confidential Correspondence with John Wilkes, containing 18 Letters, 10 of which are written by Junius, and 8 by Wilkes, 'fhese letters are dated 21st August, 1771, to January 15, 1772. IV. The Miscellaneous Letters ascribed to Junius, under various signatures, consisting of 113 letters and papers, 28th April, 1769, to May 12, 1772, which occupy part of the second and the whole of the third volumes. The au- thenticity of many of these productions is very question- able. Prefixed to this edition, which is illustrated by notes, is an admirable Preliminary Essay on Junius and his Writings, by the editor, John Mason Good, M.D. A new edition of the issue of 1812 was published in 1850, 2 vols. 12mo, which contains much additional matter of great value. This forms part of Bohn's Standard Li- brary, and is edited by John Wade, who favours us with New Evidence as to the Authorship, and a portion of an Analysis, by the late Sir N. Harris Nicolas. Mr. Wade makes out a strong case for the claim of Sir Philip Francis. There are, however, some grave objections to this hypo- 1002 JUN tTieoia, which we hardly expect to see surmounted. See, in addition to .authorities to be cited bererifter, London Athena;um, 1850, 125, 154, 863, 939, 969, 993, 1021, 1071. The curious reader will be glad to see a list of the most prominent names of those to whom the Letters of Junius have been at one time or another ascribed : 1. Adair, Mr. Serjeant. 2. Barre, Col. Isaac. 3. Boyd, Hugh Macauley. 4. Burke, Edmund. 5. Butler, Bishop. 6. Camden, Lord. 7. Chatham. Lord. 8. Chesterfield, Lord. 9. De Lolme, M. 10. Dunning.LordAshburton. 11. Dyer, Samuel. 12. Flood, Henry. 13. Francis, Philip, D.D. 14. Francis, Sir Philip. 15. Gibbon, Edward. 16. Glover, Richard. 17. Grattan, Henry. 18. Greatrakes, Wm. 19. Grenville, Geo. 20. Grenville, James. 21. H.amilton, Wm. Gerard. 22. Hollis, James. 23. Jones, Sir Wm. 24. Kent, John. Lee, General Charles. 26. Lloyd. Charles. 7. Lyttelton, Lord Thos. 28. Macleary, Laugblin. 29. Portland, Duke of. 30. Pownall, Gov. Thomas. 31. Rich, Sir Robert. 32. Roberts, John. 33. Rosenhagen, Rev. Philip. 34. Sackville, Lord George, afterwardsLord Germain. 35. Shelburne, EarL 36. Temple, Earl. 37. Tooke, Jno. Home. 38. Walpole, Horace. 39. Wilkes, John. 40. Wedderburn, Alex. (Lord Loughborough.) 41. Wilmot, James, D.D. 42. Wray, Daniel. Of the 42 names above enumerated, the claims of 13 — viz. : Boyd. Burke, Bishop Butler, Dunning, Dyer. Flood, General Lee, Lloyd, Roberts, Rosenhagen, and Lord George Sackville — are carefully examined by Dr. Good in his cele- brated preliminary essay, and all are decidedly rejected. As the question now stands, the sifting of zealous and learned controversy has spared but three names out of all those for whom the authorship has from time to timo been claimed, — viz. : I. Sir Philip Francis. II. LoKD George Sackville, afterwards Lord Ger- main. III. Colonel Isaac Barke. The claims of the last two candidates in the field, Sir Robert Rich and Gov. Thos. Pownall, have been recently brought prominently forward, — those of the former by Mr. Ayerst, in 1853, and of the latter by Mr. Frederick Grifhn, of Montreal, in 1854. Mr. Dowe, indeed, has within the last few months announced new discoveries in favour of the claims of the Earl of Chatham, but in the present stage of the question — for Mr. Dowe's book is hardly yet fairly before the world — we do not feel justified in adding his lordship's name to the three who still exhibit indications of vitality after enduring the targets of a keen literary battle of fourscore years' duration. We shall presently give a list of publications connected with the Junius coutroversy, but it may be proper here briefly to refer to some prominent pleas for the respective claims of the three above named. I. Sir Philip Francis. 1. The Identity of Junius with a distinguished LivingCharacter, by Mr. John Taylor, Lon., 1S16. Svo. 2. A Supplement to Junius Identified, consist- ing of Fac-Similes of Handwriting, and other Illustrations, 1817, Svo. 3. Review of the two preceding, by Lord Broug- ham, Edin. Rev., November, 1817, xxix. 94. His lordship thus sums up the evidence presented by Mr. Taylor : " That it proves Sir Philip to be Junius, we will not atfirm ; but this we can safL-iy assert, that it accumulates such a m.ass of cir- cumstantial cvidL-uce as rcuders it extremely ditficult to behove he is not; and that, if so many coincidences shall be found to have mibleti us in tliis case, our taith in all conclusions drawn from proofs of a sin\il;u- kind may henceforth be shaken." 4. Letter of Sir James Mackintosh to John Murray, Sr., Nov. 28, 1824. See No. 10. 5. Argument by Thomas De Quinccy, in his Literary Reminiscences, vol. ii., being vol. vii. (chap, xxii.) of Ticknor, Reed & Field's edit, of De Quincey's works. 6. Argument by T. B. Macaulay, in his review of Gleig's Life of Warren Hastings, Edin. Rev., Oct 1841. Ixxiv. 160. 7. Letter of Lady Francis (widow of Sir Philip) to Lord Campbell, inserted in bis lordship's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors, vol. vi. p. 344. 8. The History and Discovery of Junius, by John Wade, in his edit, of the Letters of Junius, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo, before re- ferred to. 9. Some New Facts and a suggested New Theory as to the Authorship of the Letters of Junius, by Sir For- tunalus Dwarris, Knt, Lon., 1850. Privately printed. Sea London Athenajum, 1850, 939, 909, 993. 10, Argument by Lord Mahon, in his History of England from the Peace of Utrecht, vol. v. 320-340, 1851. Nos. 4 and 11 are printed in this work. 11. Letter of T. B. Macaulay to John JUN JUN Murray, Jr., dated at the Albany, Jan. .3, 1852. See No. 10. ] This refers to the famous article in the London Quar. Rev. for i Dec. 1851, xc. 91, advocating the claims of Lord Thomas j Lyttelton to the authorship of Junius, and rejecting alto- | gether the pleas urged in favour of Sir Philip Francis, i But Lord Lyttletuu's claims have been since set aside, (see | London Athenaeum.) and the question remains status quo ante helium. In the letter above referred to, Mr. Macaulay remarks: *'But, in truth, the strongest arguments against the Reviewers' theory are the arguments which, in my opinion, prove that Francis •v/'dM thti autlinr of tlie letters." Wr. Macaulay despatches the claims of five celebrated names — elaims which have been urged with much perti- nacity and some of them at great length — in as many lines : "Lord Lyttleton's claims to the authorship of Junius are better than those of Burke or Barr6, and quite as good as those of Lord George Sackville or Single-Speech Hamilton. But the case against Francis, or, if you please, in favour of Francis, rests on grounds of a very diffureut kind, and on coincidences such as would be suffi- cient to convict a murderer." IL Lord George Sackville, afterwards Loud Ger- main. We need here only refer to George Coventry's Cri- tical Inquiry regarding the real author of the Letters of Junius, proving them to have been written by Lord Viscount Sackville, 1825, 8vo. This theory was sustained in a work pub. in Boston, U. States, in 1828, entitled Junius Un- masked, or Lord George Sackville proved to be Junius, and in a review of this vol. in the N.American Rev., xxix. 315, by G.B. Checver. Charles Butler (see his Reminis- cences) supposes Lord Sackville to have been the author of Junius, and Sir Philip Francis his amanuensis and oc- casional assistant. Mr. Jaques, in his History of Junius and his Works, and a Review of the Controversy, 18-43, 8vo, adopts this theory, and adds D'Oyly — Francis's fel- low-clerk in the War-Office — as a connecting-link beween Lord Sackville and Francis. III. Colonel Isaac Barre. Mr. John Britton, in his Authorship of the Letters of Junius Elucidated, 1848, r. Svo, earnestly contends that Colonel Barre was Junius, and that he was assisted by Lord Shelburno and Mr. Dunning. In an article pub. in the London Morning Herald in 1813, the opinion was expressed that the Earl of Shelburne was Junius, and that he was assisted by Barre and Dunning. This work is noticed by the author of the article in the London Quar. Rev., xc. 91, before referred to, as ''a curious instance of the delusion to which ingenious men may resign themselves when they have a favourite opinion to uphold.'' An elaborate review of Mr. Britten's work will be found in the Loudon Athenaeum, July 22 and 29, 1S4S. And see other articles referred to in the course of the present notice. We shall now proceed to give a list of publications con- nected with this perplexing subject, which to the minds of many of the most intelligent readers of the day is as much a mystery as it was to their grandfathers. Whether this cloud will ever be lifted from the name is now doubt- ful. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine in what way the authorship of the Letters of Junius can ever be satisfac- torily proved, presuming that the claims of the real author have been, or shall hereafter be, presented to the public for acceptance. If the arguments in favour of the author- ship of Sir Philip Francis, or Lord Sackville, or both com- bined, be insufficient to gain credence, what amount of evidence can identify the real author? Certain it is that against even Junius himself, whoever he may be, many probabilities will apparently exist. It can be only by the preponderance of favourable testimony that any such claim can be est-ablished. Not a year elapses iu which some man is not hanged on less evidence than has been adduced in favour of more than one of the claimants of the authorship of the Letters of Junius. But we must proceed with our list of publications. 1769. 1. An Impartial Answer to the Doctrine delivered in a Letter which appeared in the Public Advertiser under the signature of Junius. By Charles Fearne, Svo. 2. In- teresting Letters selected from the Correspondence of Messrs. Wilkes, Home, Beckford, and Junius, 8vo. 3. A Collect, of the Letters of Atticus, Lucius, Junius, and others; with Observ. and Notes, Svo. 4. The Political Contest; being a Cent, of Junius's Letters from the 6th of July to the present time, Svo. 5. The Political Contest; containing a Series of Letters between Junius and Sir Will. Draper; also the whole of Junius's Letters to his Grace the J)--^ of G-^-**-^^^S Svo. 1770. 6. An Address'to Junius upon the subject of his Letter in the Public Advertiser, Dec. 10, 17C9, Svo. In this address the Letters are attributed to Wilkes. 1771. 7. Letters addressed to the King, the Duke of Grafton, the Earls of Chesterfield and Sandwich, Lord Barrington, Junius, and the Rev. Mr. Home, under the signature of P. P. S., Svo. 8. An Answer to Junius, Svo. 9. The Trial of John Almon, Bookseller, for selling Ju- nius's Letters to the K — g, Svo. 10. The Genuine Letters of Junius, and Anecdotes of the Author. The compiler attributes the letters to Edmund Burke. 1772. 11. Woodfall's — tho first authorized — edit, of the Letters of Junius, 2 vols. sm. Svo. 1774. 12. Epistle to Junius, by Bcnj. Hughes, 4to. 1778. 13. Serious Letter to the Public, by Junius, 8vo* Fictitious. 1788. 14. Anecdotes of Junius: to which is prefixed the King's Reply, Svo. 1789. 15. Junius Discovered, by P. T., Svo. Junius ia supposed to be John Home Tooke. 1794. 16. Letters of Junius, 2 vols. Svo. 1797. 17. Letters of Junius, 2 vols. Svo, Bensley's beautiful ed., illustrated by portraits. A copy on vellum was sold at auction in London in 1804 for £25 As. 1799. IS. Letter of Charles Butler, dated July, 1799, giving an account of the inquiries of John Wilkes and himself relative to the authorship of Junius. Repub., with addits., in Butler's Reminiscences, 1822. 1800. 19. Geo. Chalmers's Append, to his Supp. Apo- logy; being the documents for the opinion that Hugh McAuley Boyd wrote Junius's Letters, Svo. See 1817, No. 41, 1801. 20. Junius's Letters, with portraits, 2 vols. Svo. Printed by Bensley. 1803. 21. St. Jameses Chronicle, Apl. 16. T. Rodney's account (extracted from tho Wilmington, Del., Mirror) of Genl. Lee's assertion that he was Junius. 1808. 22. Reasons for rejecting the presumptive Evi- dence of Mr. Almon that Boyd was Junius, with Passages selected to prove the real author of the Letters of Junius. This is Dr. GirJlestone's pamphlet, and endeavours to show that Gen. Charles Lee was Junius. 1809. 23. Another guess at Junius, and a Dialogue, Svo. An attempt to prove that Lord Chatham was Junius. 1810. 24. Junius's Letters, with Portraits, r. Svo. 1S12. 25. The Letters of Junius, including Letters by the same Writer, under other signatures, (now first col- lected.) To which are added confidential Corresp. with Mr. Wilkes, and his private Letters to H. S. Woodfall, with a Preliminary Essay, [by John Mason Good, M.D.,] Notes, Fac-simileSj Ac, 3 vols. Svo. Repub, in Phila., 1813, 2 vols. Svo, 1813. 26. An Attempt to ascertain the author of Ju- nius's Letters, Svo. By the Rev. John B. Blakeaway. Mr. B. advocates the claims of John Home Tooke. See 1815, No. 36. 27. An Inquiry concerning the Author of the Letters of Junius, in which it is proved, by internal as well as direct and satisfactory Evidence, that they were written by the Hon. Edmund Burke, Svo. By John Roche. 28. Facts tending to prove that Genl. Lee was the Author of Junius. By T, Girdlestoue, M.D. See 180S, No. 22. 29. The Life of the Author of Junius's Letters, the Rev. James Wilmot, D.D. With portrait, fac-similes, etc., Svo. By Olivia Wilmot Serres. 30. A Discovery of the Author of the Letters of Junius, Svo. This is John Taylor's first publica- tion on the subject, and attributes the authorship to Philip Francis, D.D., father of Sir Philip Francis. See 1816, No. 37. 31. The Letters of Junius, illustrated by Howard Bocquet, from original paintings. A beautiful ed., with 12 portraits. 32. Memoirs, by a celebrated Literary and Political Character, [Richard Glover,] 1742-57, Svo. By Richard Duppa. 1814. 33. An Inquiry concerning the Author of tho Letters of Junius, with Reference to the Memoirs, [see 1813, No. 32,] Ac, Svo. An attempt to prove that Richard Glover was the author. 34. An Inquiry into the Author of the Letters of Junius. 35, Second ed, of H. S. Wood- fall's ed. of 1812, 3 vols. Svo. 1815. 36. Sequel of An Attempt to discover Junius, by the Rev. J. B. Blakeaway. See 1813, No. 26. 1816. 37. The Identity of Junius with a distinguished Living Character [Sir Philip Francis] established. By John Taylor. See 1813, No. 30. This is the first attempt to fix the authorship upon Sir Philip Francis. See the preceding references to this branch of the controversy, under the title of I. Sir Philip Francis, and to London Atheuajum, Oct. 8, 1850; consult also Index to Notes and Queries, and to the Athenaium for 1850. Especially see Mr. Taylor's letters to Notes and Queries, Sept. 7, 1850. 38. Arguments and Facts proving that the Letters of Junius were written by John Lewis De Lolme. By Tho. Busby, Mus. D., Svo. 1003 JUN .TON 3'9. Letters to a Nobleman, proving a late Prime Minister [tho Duke of Portbind] to have been Junius, and deve- loping the secret motives which induced him to write under that and other signatures, with an Appendix, 8vo. 1817. 40. A Supp. to Junius Identified. HyJohnTay- lor. Consisting of Fac-similes of Handwriting and other Illustrations, Svo. A 2d ed. of this and of No. 37 was pub. in 1818. See 1816, No. 37. 41. The Author of Junius ascertained from a concatenation of circumstances, amount- ing to moral demonstration, Svo. By George Chalmers. This is a republication, with new facts, \ Hut h;id th.'y ti.-i'U broutilit forward, the ar!:;iiiiiriil-- l'\ \'. 111. Ii it is ul-vjmis tlu-y iiiav l->'' iiirt. andmaiiyof wlii.h vmi |,;,\,- \ ..ui.r Ifahly liuinlli^d. w.-uld. I think, have succeeded ill puttLUi; iiiiii as o>iiipi.arly out mI" the li»t as all the other camiietil"is :ipi'r;ti- to be put wliosi- tiiriids have under- taken to brin^' tliem forw^ud. The .lursti-.u is Tievrlbeless one of great interest as well uii tlie score uf national hi-sturyas of lite- raiv curii'sity. Yet, like many other desiderata, I am afraid it is likely tit !!■■ bi-yoiid the fiithoming of any line and plummet that will be applied to it in our days." — Oct. 13, 1826. Charles Butler, one of the must acute of lawyers, and peculiarly well skilled in legal and literary controversy, and who had moreover examined this subject with the per- sonal assistance of John Wilkes, the correspondent of Junius himself, writes to Barker, in 1S2S, " I am sorry I cannot communicate to you any intbrmation of importance on the subject in which you take so great an interest. I have only to add, that it appears to me involved in as great ob- Ecurity as ever" And now — to descend to smaller things — we are encou- raged by the candour of these eminent individuals to emu- late their frankness; and we will be magnanimous enough to own that onr researches have placed us exactly in the position of Messrs. Good, Nicolas, Butler, and some thou- sands of others in "pursuit of knowledge under difficul- ties :" — we arc altogether ignorant of the authorship of the Letters of Junius. We have no claim to question the veracity of this mysterious personage, who declared, *' I am the sole depository of my secret, and it shall die with me." We have already quoted a portion of the eloquent comments of Dr. Good upon Junius as a writer, but we are not willing to conclude this article without citing some further authorities on this point: *' I quote Junius in English, as I would Tacitus or Livy in Latin. I consider him as a legitimate English Classick." — Jilathias's Fur- suits of Literature. "Junius burst into notice with a hlnze of impudence which has rarely glar-d iipnn tluMvorld before, aud drew the rabble atti i liini asam^ln^tl■l■ makis a show. 'NMien he had once provided iVir bis safety bv inip''niH,il'b.--'i-n'ev, hr bad iK.niiiiL; b- (-..nibat but truth and jn-ti. .■.rn.iiii.'- \vieaiile kiiM\v> to br frrbi- in tbr dark. Being tli'-n at bl>Ml\ ii. imliil-.' lijiii-rit in ail the iiiuinuiiti.-s of invisi- bility, out ot the reach ot danger, he lias been Udd; out of the reach of shame, he has been confident. As a rhetorician, he has the art of persuading when he seconded desire; as a reasoner, he has convinced those who had no doubt before ; as a moralist, he has taught that virtue may disgrace; and as a patriot, he has gratified the mean by insults on the high. ... It is not by his liveliness of imagery, his pungency of periods, or his fertility of allusion, that he detains the cits of Lundnu and the boors of .Middlesex. Of style and sentiment they take no cognizance." — Dr. Samuel Johnson: On the Seizure of the Falkhmd Jdands, 1771. The citation of this passage may remind the reader that an eminent modern critic has brought the names of John- son and Junius into juxtaposition in his remarks upon the chronological history of English style: " Adam Smith was nearly the first who made deeper reasonings and more exact knowledge popular among us, and Johnson and Junius the first who again familiarized us with more glowing and sonorous diction, and made ua feel the lameness and X'oorness of the serious style "f Addi-.n and Swift." — Lord Jeffrey: Contrib. to Edin. Review. L.m-, J^-^'.. 77. *'How comes tliis Junius to have broke throui^h the cobwebs of the law. and to range nne.intrniied. unpiiTiisiH d, ibniuL'h the land? The myrmidons of the t'mirt liavebern b-n^.and arr still, pursuing him in vain. They will not spend their tnnr iipnn me. or you, or you. No: they disdain such verniin when the mighty boar of the forest, that hn-s broken through all their toils, is before them. But what will all their efforts avail? No sooner lias he wounded one than he lays another dead at his feet. For my part, when I saw his attack upon the king. I own ray blood ran cold. ... In short, after carrying away our Royal Eagle in his pounces and dashing him against a rock, he has laid you prostrate. Kings, Lords, and Commons are but the sport of his fury. Were he a member of this House, what might nut be expected from his knowledge, his firm- ness and integrity 1 He would be easily known by his contempt of all danger, by his penetration, by his vigour. Nothing would escape his vigilance and activity. Bad ministers could conceal ntn thing from his sagacity ; nor could promises nor threats induce him to conceal any thing from the public."— Edmund Borke: Speech in the House of Cnvimons. Junius Secundus. 1. Individual Despotism dan- gerous to Public Liberty, Lon., 1849, Svo. 2. Congrega- tionalism as it is, and as it ought to be, 1S50, Svo. Junius Secundus. See Kelsal. Cuarles, No. 5. Junius, Patrick, Librarian to James 1. 1. Versio et Nuta; in Clemeutis Epist. ad Romanus, Oxf., 1633, 4to. 2. Annot. in MS. Ale.xand. LXX. luterp., 1660, foL Seo Bibl. Polygl. Waltoni. vi. Junius, R. The Pastor's Advocate, Lon., 4to. Junius, K. TheDrunkard'sCharacter, Lon., 1638, 8to. " Very acute and forcible passages and descriptions." — Rev. II. J. Todd. Junius, R, Cure of Misprision, Lon., 1646, Svo. Junkin, D. X., D.D., a Prcsbyteri.an divine. Tho Oath a lHvine Ordinance, and an Element of tho Social Constitution, N. York, ISd-'i, 12mo. This work has been highly commended. Junkin, George, D.D., a Presbyterian divine, for- merly President of Lafayette College. Easton, now Pre- sident of Washington College. Lexington, Virginia, b. 1790, in Cumberland county, Pcnna., has pub. a Treati.se on Justification, Phila., 1S39, 12mo, Lectures on Pro- phecy. 1844, Svo, a number of Sermons, Addresses, &c., and edited and contributed to several periodicals, 1826-53. Junkin, Margaret, daughter of the preceding, has gained some reputation by fugitive poems, specimens of which will be found in May's American Female Poets, 1854; and in Read's Female Poets of America, 6th ed., 1855. See also an article on the Female Poets of Ame- rica, by Mrs. E. F. Ellet, in the North American Review, for April. 1849, Miss Junkin has pub., within the last few weeks, Silverwood, a Book of Memories, 1857. Jurin, Janijes, M.D., 16S4-1750. pub. a number of medical and mathemat. works, 1712-49, for a list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit. See accounts of Jurin in Rces's Cyc.; Michols's Lit. Anec. ; Works of the Learned, 1737-39, '41. Justamond, John O., Surgeon R.A., d. 1786, pnb. Surgical Tracts, Lon.. 1789. 4to, several medical works, a trans, of The Private Life of Louis XV., 17SI, 4 vols. Svo, and a trans, of Abb6 Raynal's Hist, of the Settlements aud Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, 1776, 5 vols. Svo; 1783, S vols. Svo; -1784, 6 vols. Svo; 1788, 8 vols. Svo. The last edits, contain the addititms and corrections of the Geneva ed. (in French) of 1780, 10 vols. Svo, atlas in 4to. It is Faid that this work has been trans, into every European language. It is truly va- luable, but far from uuexceptionnble in its moral tendency. One-third of it was written by Diderot. It was ordered to be burned by the Parliament of Paris, and a decree was issued for the arrest of Raynal, who managed to escape. '-Tlie WMik of llavnal treats of every thing that < :iii ^"■ ■MMiL'lit for connertr.i \\iili tlie East and West Indies; and ii ili^ ,-iiid.nt will pursue ihi(iUL;]i tlie work all the great leading bi-lMii, ,i| . s-nl-^, he will tind tliem not only agrerable but usefui;"~l'R'iF. Smyth. '* We do not scruple to proiiMniii r tbe \vi.rk in its English dress correct, elegant, and nervous." — L"U. Mi'till,. liev. Justel. On an Engine, etc.; PhU. Trans., 1686. Justice, Alexander. L Laws of the Sea, &c.. Lon., 1705, 4to. 2. Commerce, 1707, 4to. 3. Monies and Ex- change, 1707, 4to. Justice, Elizabeth. A Voyage to Russia, Lon., 1739, '46. Svo. Justice, James. 1. Scotch Gardener's Director. 2. British Gardener's Director, Edin., 1754, '67, Svo. "An iirij^inal wurk." — Lon. Quar. Hew Juxon, William, 1582-1063, Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, 1598; Vicar of St. Giles's, Oxford, 1609; Rector of Somerton, 1614; President of his College, 1621 ; Vice-Chancellor, 1626-27; subsequently Dean of Worces- ter, and Preb. of Chichester; elected Bishop of Hereford, 1633, but in the same year, and before consecration, was removed to the bishopric of London ; Lord High-Treasurer, 1635^1 ; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1660-63. This good man adhered faithfully to his royal master during his im- prisonment previous to bis barbarous murder, and accom- panied him to the scaffold. 1. The Subject's Sorrow; or. Lamentations upon the death of Britain's Josiah. King Charles; a Serm., Lon., 1640, 4to. 2. Some Considera- tions upon the Act of Uniformity, ttc, by a Servant of the God iif Peace, 1662. 4to. See Bliss's Wood's Atben. Oxon.: Biog. Brit.; Le Neve's Lives of the Archbishops; Sir Philip Warwick's Memoirs; Laud's Life and Diary; Clarendon's Hist, of the Rebellion ; Hume's Hist, of Eng. ; Hallam's Constit. Hist, of Eng., 7lhed., Lon., 1854, ii. 39, 40, 187, n. There was great joy at Westminster when, in the chapel of King Henry VIL. Bishop Juxon was ele- vated to the high office of Archbishop of Canterbury, and that staunch Churchman, old Anthony Wood, warms at tho narration : '■ Where, besides a great confluenco of orthodox clergy, many persons of honour, and gentry, gave God thanks for the mercies of that day, as being touched at the sight of that good man, whom they esteemed a person of primitive sanctity, of great wisdom, piety, learning, patience, charity, and all apostolical virtues." — Bliss's Wood's' Athen. Oxon., iv. 819. Jyl of Breyntford. Testament, in old verse, Lon.,4to. 1005