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This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: SCOTT, J. WINFIELD TITLE: VIVISECTION AND THE DRUG-DELUSION PLACE: BOSTON DA TE : [1 893] Restrictions on Use: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record |sr "Z 4 ■V.2 i i mn i t ".- < < j »i» » i i »»w» h i« Scott, J Winfiold Vivisection and the drug- delusion, comp. by J« V/infield Gcott, nocrctary; prefatory letter by Philip Gm Peabody... v/ith an appendix by Elliott | Preston, •• 7th ed..* Boston, national constitu- tional liberty league ^ref • ISQS^ p» port* 30 en in 24 cm. Volume of pamphlets o Master Negative # ^ ri FILM SIZE: •55 TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA REDUCTION RATIO: _±l^. IMAGE PLACEMENT: I A (IL^ IB IIB DATE FILMED: 2jit^_Li3 INITIALS. 3AL- HLMEDBY: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS, INC WOODBRIDGE. 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SEVENTH EDITION-PRICE TEN CENTS. ^/^ PUBLISHED BY THE MTIOML CONSTITDTIONAL LIBERTY LEAGUE, BOSTON, MASS. r I J H > 1 FUNDS WANTED For the publication and distribu- \ tion of Constitutional Liberty League \ Literature, such as laws, "decisions* j speeches, sayings, articles and ex- tracts bearing on natural rights. , To oppose paternalistic, monopo- listic and meddlesome legislation and persecuting prosecutions. To defend persons "performing the act of healing contrary to the statutes," in the courts, and to es- tablish the unconstitutionality and criminality of laws which criminate those who have committed no crime. To employ eminent attorneys, popular speakers, efficient agents, and provide them supplies for sale and gratuitous distribution. 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WIN FIELD SCOTT, Secretary- pi^EF^^oi^y leWei^ BY Philip G, Peabody, Boston, Mass. Wi an Apgnto liy Elliott Preston, H r\ rv rx /v r>.. "-> rvyx r\^ SEVENTH EDITION-PRICE TEN CENTS. PUBLISHED BY TBE NATIONAL CONSTITOTIONAL LIBERTY LEAGUE, BOSTON, MASS. t AND THE tUTE? -k ■ II tu i w iiii iia ) ^' ! iPT. 1 A 19 .IT' }:- t 1 ?*fl ', hWl^ ^ htm u up COMPILED BY ./. WINFIELD SCOTT, Secretary. PI^Ep^l'OI^y LEI'I'EI^ BY' Philip G. Peabody, Boston, Mass. Wi an AppeMii lij Elliott Preston. Esu. SEVENTH EDITION-PRICE TEN CENTS. . /-v /'N./^/^ PUBLISHED BY TBE NATIONAL CONSTITDTIONAL LIBERTY LEAGUE, BOSTON i MASS. f:l Owing to the many requests for the portrait of Mk, Philip G. Peabody, America's most influential and widely-known anti-vivisedlionist, we have obtained his consent to permit us to insert, at considerable expense, an artistic photogravure frontispiece in this seventh (ten thousand) edition. The price remains ten cents per copy. ; A TERRIBLE, BECAUSE TRUTHFUL, IN- DICTMENT. OFFICE OF Philip G. Peabody, Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law. Boston, Mass., Dec. 1, 1892. Mr. J. WiNFiELD Scott, Boston, Mass. Dear Sir:— I have read with much interest your arraignment of the doctors in "The Drug Delusion," but you have omitted the greatest maintainable indictment against them. It is none the less a reproach that all do not actually commit the crime, for they aid and encourage it, and it is only possible because of their defence of it. I refer to one of the most cowardly and hypocritical crimes of the present age, and a delusion as well as a crime — the practice of vivisection. Vivisection is the cutting up, burning and mis- cellaneous torturing of live animals. We are told by some doc- tors that this terrible practice has been the means of discovering various important facts, and that without it we should now be ignorant of many things that are of great value to the healing a°t. Unfortunately for the doctors, there are many of us who know something about vivisection, and we know that the claims so frequently set forth in behalf of vivisection are absolutely and unqualifiedly false. Most persons who know a little of it (and only few know even a little) think that it is a very uncommon thing, confined in practice to a few leading men of science; but in fact, animals of a high order that have been and are being vivisected are num- bered by millions. To illustrate: Inside of ten years Schiff, a noted man in this kind of business, vivisected fourteen thousand (14,000) dogs. It is estimated that he vivisected inside of this same brief time seventy thousand (70,000) animals of various kinds; and since then he was regularly torturing ten dogs each week. To prove one thing, over nine thousand (9000) dogs were vivisected, and the result was then in doubt. A well-known veterinary surgeon named Murdock, in a work published by him, gives an account of a visit to a laboratory in France, as follows : •' Here lay six or seven living horses, fixed by every mechanical device by the head and feet to pillars, while the students were engaged in performing dififerent operations. The sight was truly horrible ! The operations had be- gun early In the forenoon, it now being three o'clock. . . . The poor wretches had ceased being able to make any violent struggles, but the deep heaving of the panting chest, and the horrid look of the eyes, when such were yet left in the head, the head itself being lashed to a pillar, was har- rowing beyond endurance. "The students had begun their day's work in the least vital parts of the animals. The trunks were there, but they had lost their tails, hoofs, ears, etc • and the operators were now engaged in the more important operations, such as tying the arteries, trepanning the cranium, cutting down upon the sensitive parts — as we are informed, on expressing out horror — that they might see the retraction of the muscles by piuching and irritating the vari* ous nerves. "One animal had a side of the head, including the eye and ear, completely dissected, and otlier students were laying open and cauterizing the liock of the same animal." Mr. Rogers adds to this : " The number of horses operated on is six, twice a week ; sixty-four oper- ations are performed on each horse, and four or five generally die before half the operations are completed; and, as it takes two days to go through the list, the remaining one or two poor animals are left alive, half-mangled, until the next morning, only to be subjected to additional tortures. " Among the operations which I remember, were firing in every part where it could or could not be required ; operation for removing the lateral cartilages, which involves tearing off the quarters of the hoof with pincers; operation for stone, in which a stone is put into the bladder and afterwards removed; operations for hernia, nicking, removal of the ears, eyes, etc. " The effect of all this on the minds of the students may be inferred from the sang frold of a student who was firing a horse's nose, as he said, for pas- time. " A little bay mare, worn out in the service of man, one of eight, on a cer- tain operation day, having unfortunately retained life throughout the fiend- ish ordeal, and looking like nothing ever made by the liand of God — with loins ripped open, skin torn and ploughed by red-hot irons, riddled by se- tons, tendons severed, hoofless, sightless, and defenceless, was exultingly reared (Baron Von Weber says, ' amid laughter ') on her bleeding feet Just when gasping for breath and dying, to show what dexterity had done in completing its work before death took place." Is it surprising that the late Henry Bergh considered that this unfitted " the physician for the intimate and tender relations of friend and adviser," and made him "hence more to be dreaded than disease itself ? " Anaesthetics are practically never used; many animals, other than man, cannot be anaesthetized; dogs, especially, will usually die of the anaesthetic. Many vivisections are performed solely for the sake of causing pain; many last for weeks, some for six or seven months; of course anaesthetics are never used in any of these. A great English physician (Dr. Hoggan) once said, "Anaesthetics are the greatest of curses to vivisectible animals," in consequence of the delusions indulged in about them by humane persons. Vivisection is a cowardly, unmanly crime. It has never yet given to the world any discovery of value; it never can, in mil- lions of years, give to the world any discovery of a value at all commensurate with the harm it has done. This harm is not alone the torturing of animals, awful as that is; it is the making wicked and vicious the thousands of men, especially young men, who practice it, and to whom we must, in the presence of illness and death, look for aid and sympathy; also the turning aside of the minds from the legitimate direction of research — directions in which they might possibly find something of real value. With best wishes for the success of your cause, 1 am, Faithfully j'ours, A WORD TO THE PUBLIC. Profoundly impressed, after years of searching inves- tigation, with the terrible truth that drugs have not only ''multiplied diseases but increased their fatality;' and killed more '' than war, pestilence a7id famine com- binedr we feel forced to " cry aloud and spare not." What we conceive to be duty to the dear dead, and to living loved ones, irresistibly impels us to undertake this sacrificial service, albeit we are proud to number among our fast friends many most excellent, but in our opinion misguided ladies and gentlemen, who " prac- tice medicine," though most of them, we are equally pleased to declare, do not prescribe poisons. The authorities and quotations given are not excep- tional, but fairly representative of the conscientious convictions of the best brains. The cases cited are also quite common. Most every reader will recall similar ones within his own experience. We have not attempted exhaustive quotations, be- cause to do so would require volumes. But we trust we have selected from the illimitable and accumulating mass of unquestionable authority sufficient evidence to establish the unscientific status of this pseudo science ; and, may we not hope, awakened thousands to the monstrosity of the medical superstition and inspired in each an tmalterable determination to devote time and talent to the abolition of the dreadful drug delusion. Indeed, the demand for the seventh — -10,000— edi- tion, indicates that ours has not been "love's labor lost." J. w. S. Boston, Mass,, New Year, 1893, WIT. M ^ J •♦ Trust not the physician ; His antidotes are poison, and he slays more than you rob." — Shakespeare— ''Timon of Athens. "Physicians, of all men, are most happy. Whatever good success so- ever they have the world proclaim- eth;and what faults they commit the earth covereth. Francis Quarles. «' A physician of the schools! I can guess well enough how learn- edly he would prate and how little he could do." —Edward Butwer Lytton—'' A Strange Story. ''^ "But when the wit began to wheeze, And wine had warmed the politi- cian, Cured yesterday of my disease, I died last night of my physician." —Mathew Prior. "So lived our sires ere doctors learned to kill, And multiplied weekly bill. —John Dry den. with theirs the "See our physician, like a sculler plies, The patient lingers and by inches dies ' But two physicians like a pair of oars, ^ _,^ Waft him more swiftly to the Sty- gian shores. —John Dunscomo. "You tell your doctor that you're ill; And what does he but write a bill, Of which you cannot read one let- tcr * The worse the scrawl, the dose the bottCT * For if you knew but what you take. Even if you recover, he must break." —Mathew Prior. ••Recognized science! Recognized Ignorance ! The science of to-day is the ignorance of to-morrow I Every year some bold guess lights upon a truth to which but the year before the schoolmen of science were as blinded moles." —Edward Bulwer Lyttoii—*'A Strange Story." WISDOM. "In vain shalt thou use many medicines." — [Jer. xlvi., II. *' Thou hast no healing medicines." — [Jer. xxx., 13. '*Ye are all physicians of no value." — [Job xiii., 4. ** Why shouldst thou die before thy time?" — [Eccl. vii., 17. ** Asa was diseased in his feet, until his disease was exceeding great; yet in his disease he sought not to the Lord, but to the physicians. And Asa slept with his fathers." — [II. Chron. xvi., 12, 13. A woman " suffered many things of many physicians, and had spent all she had, and was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse." — [Mark v., 26, \* \ THE SCIENCE (?) OF MEDICINE. "But what should we think of the colleges and the profession when its most distinguished members turn state's evidence and denounce it in the severest manner? What has been commonly said against the Liberal schools inmedicineismildaslemon juice compared to the acyua/oriis of the criti- cisms on their own art in its highest rank."— Prof. Joseph Rodes Buchanan, J.WM. • JJ 9 Query Number One. Is medicine a science? Let medical savants, authorities and professors answer. Surely those who have grown gray in experience and untiring devotion thereto may be trusted to gently but justly criticise and fairly commend where they can. Hear them,, patiently, *if you can. John Mason Good, M. D., F. R. S., says: " The science of medicine is a barbarous jargon.'* Prof. Valentine Mott, the great surgeon, says : " Of all sciences, medicine is the most uncertain.*' Dr. Marshall Hall, F. R. S., says: " Thousands are annually slaughtered in the quiet sick room." Prof. S. M. Goss, of the Medical College, Louisville, Ky., says: " Of the essence of disease very little is known. Indeed, noth- ing at all." Sir Astley Cooper, the famous English surgeon, says : " The science of medicine is founded on conjecture, and im- proved by murder.*' Dr. Hufeland, a great German physician, says : " That the greatest mortality of any of the professions is that of the doctor's themselves." Prof. H. C. Wood, our distinguished American writer, asks : ** What has clinical therapeutics established permanently and indisputably? Scarcely anything." Dr. Abercrombie, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, of Edinburgh, says : " Medicine has been called by philosophers the art of conjec- turing, the science of guessing." Dr. Benj. Rush says: " The art of healing is like an unroofed temple — uncovered at the top and cracked at the foundation." Dr. Talmage, F. R. C, says: " I fearlessly assert that in most cases our patients would be safer without a physician than with one." Sir William Knighton says: " Medicine seems one of those ill-fated arts whose improve- ment bears no proportion to its antiquity. " Dr. Abernethy, of London, says : '* There has been a great increase of medical men of late, but upon my life, diseases have increased in proportion." Dr. Wakely, in the London Lancet, says : " A system of routine or empirical practice has grown up, vacilliating, uncertain, and often pilotless, in the treatment of disease." Prof. Henle, the great German pathologist and teacher, says : " Medical Science, at all times, has been a medley of empiri- cally acquired facts and theoretical observations, and so it is likely to remain." Dr. Jacob Bigelow, formerly president of the Mas- sachusetts Medical Society, says : " The premature death of medical men brings with it the humiliating conclusion . . . that medicine is still an inef- fectual speculation." Dr. Samuel S. Wallian, of New York, says : " The medical art has not reached that stage of exactness en- titling it to be called medical science; it still lingers on the verge of its mythological age." Prof. Alonzo Clark, of the New York College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, says: " In their zeal to do good, physicians have done much harm. They have hurried thousands to the grave who would have re- covered if left to nature." \\s Dr. Evans, Fellow of the Royal College, London, says : " The popular medical system is a most uncertain and unsatis- factory system. It has neither philosophy nor common sense to commend it to confidence." Dr. Marshall Hall, the distinguished English physiol- ogist, says : " Let us no longer wonder at the lamentable want of success which marks our practice, when there is scarcely a sound physi- ological principle among us." Prof. Gregory, of the Edinburgh Medical College, to his medical class said : " Gentlemen, ninety-nine out of every one hundred medical facts are medical lies, and medical doctrines are, for the most part, stark, staring nonsense." Dr. Eliphalet Kimball, of New Hampshire, says: " There is a doctorcraft as well as priestcraft. . . . Phy- sicians have slain more than war. The public would be infin- itely better off without professed physicians." Dr. Mason Good says : " My experience with materia medica has proved it the base- less fabric of a dream, its theory pernicious, and the way out of it the only interesting passage it contains." Dr. Coggswell, Boston, says : '" It is my firm belief that the prevailing mode of practice is productive of vastly more evil than good, and were it absolutely abolished, mankind would be infinitely the gainer." Prof. B. F. Parker, New York, says : " Instead of investigating for themselves, medical men copy the errors of their predecessors, and have thus retarded the progress of medical science and perpetuated error." Prof. Jamison, of Edinburgh, Scotland, says: ** Kine times out of ten our miscalled remedies are absolutely injurious to our patients, suffering from diseases of whose real character and real cause we are most culpably ignorant.'* Sir John Forbes, Fellow of the Royal College of Phy- sicians, London, and physician to the Queen's house- hold, says : " No systematic or theoretical classification of diseases Or therapeutic agents ever yet promulgated is true, or anything like truth, and none can be adopted as a safe guidance in practice." 8 Dr. Andrew Combe says : " As often practiced by men of undoubted respectability, med- icine is . . so nearly allied to, if not identified with,' quack- ery, that it would puzzle many a rational looker-on to tell which is the one and which is the other." Dr. Alex. M. Ross, F. R. S. L., Eng., says: " The medical practice of to-day has no more foundation in science, in philosophy, or common-sense, than it had one hund- red years ago. It is based on conjecture and improvLd by sad blunders, often hidden by death." Prof. Magendie, of Paris, says : " Oh! you tell me doctors cure people. I grant you people are cured. But how are they cured? Gentlemen, nature does a j;reatdeal; imagination does a great deal. Doctors do . . . devilish little . . . when they don't do harm." Dr. James Johnson, a highly educated physician, asks : *' Shall we ever have fixed laws? Shall we ever know, or must we ever be doomed to suspect or presume? Is * perhaps ' to be our qualifying word forever? Do we know, for example, in how many cases such a treatment fails for the one time it succeeds?" Dr. R. C. Flower, the phenomenal Boston physician, says : " Medicine is not a science. The best that can be said of med- icine is that it is a system of experiments; no doctor of any standing will say it is a science. . . . The best brains of the allopathic school declare that medicine is only an experiment." Sir William Hamilton says: "The history of medicine, on the one hand, is nothing less than a history of variations, and on the other only a still more marvellous history of how every successive variation has by medical bodies been furiously denounced, and then bigotedly adopted." Bichat, the great French pathologist, says: " Medicine is an incoherent assemblage of incoherent ideas, and is, perhaps, of all the physiological sciences, that which best shows the caprice of the human mind. It is a shapeless assem- blage of iiiaccurate ideas, of observations often puerile, and of formulae as fantastically conceived as they are tediously ar- ranged." Dr. Gihon, medical director of the United States Navy, and president of the Naval Academy, says: "That of one thousand one hundred and forty-two practising ^ graduates of regular medical colleges, seven hundred were too ignorant to pass the naval examining board. Many of these have doubtless learned something of the art they began to practice in the dark, yet most most of them have learned to see as the blind see, and at what a fearful cost of human life!" Dr. Thomas Inman, London, says : "Men, like horses or tigers, monkeys and codfish, can do with- out doctors. . . It is the business of such men, however, to magnify their office to the utmost. They get their money osten- sibly by curing the sick, but it is clear that the shorter the illness, the fev/er will be the fees, and the more protracted the attendance, the larsrer must be the ^honorarism.* " Dr. Benj. Rush, University of Pennsylvania, says: "I am incessantly led to make apology for the instability of the theories and practice of physic. Dissections daily convince us of our ignorance of disease, and cause us to blush at our pre- scriptions. What mischief have we not done under the belief of false facts and false theories? We have assisted in multiplying diseases; we have done more, we have increased their fatality." Dr. Ramage, F. R. C. S., London, says: "It cannot be denied that the present system of medicine is a burning reproach to its professors — if, indeed, a series of vague and uncertain incongruities deserves to be called by that name. How rarely do our medicines do good! How often do they make our patients really worse! I fearlessly assert that in most cases the suff^erer would be safer without a physician than with one. I have seen enough of the mal-practice of my professional breth- ren to warrant the strong language I employ." Prof. J. Rodes Buchanan, M. D., of Boston, medical editor and author, says: "Of all known sciences none have been more unstable, con- fused and contradictory in doctrines than practical medicine. Not only is it changing from age to age, and even from year to year, but on the very same day, if we pass from nation to nation, from city to city, or from one medical school to another located in a neighborirg street, we find the most contradictory doctrines taught with dogmatic confidence at the same hour, and the vo- taries of each expressing no little contempt for the others." Prof. Magendie, the great Parisian physician, is re- ported to have addressed the students of his class in the allopathic college in that city, in the following language : ^^Oenthmen: Medicine is a great humbug. I know it is called a science — science indeed! It is nothing like science. Doctors are mere empirics when they are not charlatans. We are as ig- lO norant as men can be. Who knows anything in the world about medicine? Gentlemen, you have done me the honor to come here and attend my lectures, and I must tell you frankly now in the be- ginning, that I know nothing in the world about medicine, and I don't know anybody that does know anything about it. I repeat it, nobody knows anything about medicine. . . I repeat it to you, there is no such thing as medical science.'' An eminent doctor and professor, of the city of New York, writes : ''The critic who will take pains to examine the standard works of the most popular authors on theory and practice, — Good, Wat- son, Thatcher, Eberle, Eliiotson, Dunglison, Dickson, and others, who have written recently — will find on almost every page the most contradictory theories supported by equal authority, and the most opposite practices recommended on equal testimony. Well might the celebrated Dr. Rush, of Philadelphia, after a life-long experience in witnessing the effects of drugs upon the human constitution, declare to his medical brethren, 'We have done little more than to multiply diseases and increase their fa- tality.' " To deny or even doubt the deliberately expressed and unquestionably conscientious convictions of these hon- ored professors and physicians, confesses our claim, dis- putes the highest medical authority of both continents, and declares the incompetency of all their pupils and disciples, whose more limited education, observation and experience make them so egotistical, bigoted and intol- erant. MODERN DELUSIONS. The past fifteen years have been rife in medical delusions; each in its turn for the time being has served to addle the brains of the "profession," injure the health and deplete the pockets of credulous dupes. During the period mentioned we have had the ''purging craze," the "sweating craze," the " vomiting craze," the "blue grass craze," the " Pasteur craze," the Brown Sequard *' Elixir of Life craze," the " Inhalation craze," the " Cod Liver Oil craze," and last, but not least, the " Koch Tuberculosis craze." temporal morest what fools we are. — Alexander M. BosSj M. D., F. B. S. X., Eng. DIAGNOSIS— HAZARDOUS GUESSING. Query Number Two. Unerring diagnosis is indispensable to safe and satis- factory drugging. Correct diagnosis is the one and only key to present conditions and possible complications. Without it " every dose of medicine is a blind experi- ment on the vitality of the patient.'.' Admitting for the moment the preposterous pretense that ponderous pills and poisons heal or help to heal, even then remedial benefits depend upon accurate diagnosis. Patients are drugged according to the diagnosis — or guess of the physician. An erroneous diagnosis is invariably followed by the wrong drug, inevitable damage and too often death. Then how vitally important that professional diagno- sis or guessing be scientifically accurate, when poisonous prescriptions and deadly drugs are daily employed ! Is there any dependence whatever to be placed in professional diagnosis? Let the following facts answer: Dr. Holt, of Boston, speaking of the notorious Rob- inson arsenical poisoning cases, says: "These cases were all treated by physicians of large practice, prominent in the profession, and 3^et certificates were given in five of the cases as follows: Pneumonia, typhoid fever, menin- gitis, bowel disease, and Bright's disease of the kidneys." The Chicago Tribune reports at length a clever escape from Detroit jail, as follows : "Henry Moyer, alias Charles Miller, was put in jail in Detroit for burorfary. Two weeks ago he was apparently taken very sick and grew rapidly worse. Yesterday he was very low, and a con- sultation of doctors agreed that he had a cancer in the stomach, and recommended that he be removed to the witness room, where he could be better cared for Moyer, break- ing off a part of the bedstead, dug his way through the two- foot wall.' 12 The New York Times, quoting the Ledger, says: " A well-known physician of this city, finding himself rather 'out of sorts" (kremined to consult some of his medical breth- ren on thlsibjecMor few physicians "^e to trust themselves He accordin-ly called upon five eminent members of the faculty S?uccession/and it is'a positive ^f«'/''f hifd soXind ^ 20 mentally fallacious principles, impotent of good, morally wrong and bodily hurtful.'^ Dr. Samuel S. Wallian, of New York, says: ^'Beyond the supply of direct or indirect nutrition, human skill is powerless to add a single nerve-throb or heart-beat to the vital stock of any organism. . . . There is no substance in the universe, call it what you will,-medicine, mystery o/;^™^?]^^^^^^^^^^ -which can be made to add a single moment to the life, or a sinc-le jot or tittle to the strength, of any organized being. Dr. Broady, ot Chicago, in his '* Medical Practice Without Poison," says: "The sincrle, uncombined, different and confessed poisons in dailv use by the dominant school of medicine numbers one hund- red knd seven. Among these are phosphorus, strychnine mer- curv, opium and arsenic. The various combinations ot these tive violent poisons number, respectively, twenty-seven combinations of phosphorus, five of strychnia, forty-seven of lae^cury, twenty- five of opium and fourteen of arsenic. Ihe poisons that are more or less often used number many hundreds." Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, says: '*The disgrace of medicine has been that collossal system of self-deception, in obedience to which mines have been emptiecl of their cankerin- minerals, the entrails of animals taxed for their impurities, the poison bags of reptiles drained of their ven- om, and all the inconceivable abominations thus obtained thrust down the throats of human beings sutfering Irom some fault of organization, nourishment, or vital stimulation. °The distinguished Magendie, of Paris, say§ : *'I hesitate not to declare, no matter how sorely I shall wound our vanity, that so gross is our ignorance of the real nature ol ihe physiological disorders, called disease, that it would perhaps be better to do nothing and resign the complamt we ar6 called upon to treat to the resources of nature than to act, as we are frequenllv called upon to do, without knowing the why and the wherefore of our conduct, and its obvious risK ot hastening the end of the patient. Let me tell you, gentlemen, what I did when I was the head physician at Hotel Dieu. Some three or four thousand patients passed through my hands every year. I di- vided the patients into two classes: with one I followed the dis- pensatory; and gave them the usual medicines without the least idea why or whereof; to the other I gave bread pills and colored water, without, of course, letting them know anything about it and occasionally, gentlemen, I would create a third division to whom I gave nothing whatever. These last would fret a good deal they would feel they were neglected (sick people always feel 21 they are neglected unless they are well drugged) . . . (les irnheciles!) and they would irritate themselves until they got really sick, but nature invariably came to the rescue, and all the persons in the third class got well. Tliere was a little mortality among those who received but bread pills and colored water, and the mortality was greatest among those who were carefully drugged according to dispensatory." HOPE. Query Nunnber Four. If, as the preceding pages appear to conclusively prove, medicine is not a science, professional diagnosis is very poor guessing and poisons are not medicine, then where shall the DISCOURAGED, DESPAIRING AND DYING flee for relief? Just where the greatest teacher of the greatest and oldest allopathic college in America, Prof. 13enj. Rush, sent his medical students for their ** most useful remdies," of course. He says : "Remember how many of our most useful remedies have been discovered by quacks. Do not be afraid, therefore, of convers- ing with them and of profiting by their ignorance and temerity. Medicine has its pharisees as well as religion. But the spirit of this sect is as unfriendly to the advancement of medicine as it is to Christian charity. In the pursuit of medical knowledge let me advise you to converse with nurses and old women. They will often suggest facts in the history and cure of disease which have escaped the most sagacious observers of nature. By so doing you may discover laws of the animal economy which have no place in our system of nosology, or in our theories of physic. The practice of physic hath been more improved by the casual experiments of Illiterate nations and the rash ones ot vagabond quacks, than by all the once celebrated professors of it and the theoretic teachers in the several schools of Europe, very few of whom have furnished us with one new medicine, or have taught us better to use our old ones, or have in any one instance at all improved the art of curing diseases." Dr. D. H. Tuke quotes Burton's pithy observation: "That an empiric or a silly chirurgeon does more strange cures than a rational physician, and says Nymannas gives the reason, because the patient puts his confidence in him, which Avicenna prefers before art, precepts, and all remedies whatever. 'Tis 22 opinion alone,' says Cardin, Hhat makes or mars physicians, and he doth the hest cures, according to Hippocrates, in whom we trust.'" Dr. A. O'Leary, Jefferson Medical College, of Phila- delphia, says : "The best things in the healing art have been done by those who never had a diploma— the lirst Csesarian section, lithotomy, the use of cinchona, of ether as an anaesihetic, the treatment cf the air passages by inhalation, the water cure and medicated baths, electricity as a healing agent, and magnetism, faith cure, mind cure, etc." Prof. Waterhouse, writing to the learned Dr. Mitchell, of New York, says : "I am, indeed, so disgusted with learned quackery that I take some interest in honest, humane, and strong-minded empiricism; for it has done more for our art, in all ages and all countries, than all the universities since the time of Charlemagne." Dr. Adam Smith says : "After denouncing Paracelsus as a quack, the regular medical profession stole his *quack-silver'— mercury ; after calling Jenner an imposter it adopted his discovery of vaccinatioL ; after dub- bing Harvey a humbug it was forced to swallow his theory of the circulation of the blood." Prof. J. Rodes Buchanan, Boston, says: ^'Mozart, Hoffman, Ole Bull, and Blind Tom were born with a mastery of music, as Zerah Colburn with a mastery of mathe- matics, as others are born with a mastery of the mystery of life and disease, like Greatrakes, Newton, Hutton, Sweet, and Steph- ens, born doctors, and a score of similar renown." Prof. Charles W. Emerson, M. D., the well known president of the Munroe Conservatory of Oratory, of Boston, says: "The progress in therapeutics has and still continue^? to come from the unlearned. Common people give us our improvements and the school men spend their time in giving Greek and Latin names to these improvements, and building metaphysical theories concerning thein." SHALL VIVISECTION END? What Col. Iiersol '' The Hell of Science ." "One Story is Good till Another is Told." "To Be, or Not to Be? That's the Question!" What Is It, Really ?~- What Has It Done to Ameliorate Human Ills? % *^THE REVERSE OF THE MEDAL." Note -Vivisection is the dissecting of living animals andcenerallv ^T>ar ticularly mthecase of horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, guin4tpig?e^^^^ maTs' agony!*''''' ""^ <^ncBsthetics §t suhst^nces whilh mSKsIen'the aS^^ I was amazed at reading a recent lengthy article on this sub- ject in a prominent American newspaper,— amazed at its mosc extraordinary misapprehension of well-attested facts, and at its unqualified laudation of a practice regarding the utility of which Its most eminent professors have little to commend, echoing the sentiment of the greatest among them, the dying Claudl Bernard, who said he passed away with empty hands Majen- die, too, '^The Prince of Torturers," declined to be attended. When 111, by a practitioner who had drawn his conclusions from a science so prolific in errors as Vivisection. A ?.^,^"/'-^^?u"^°^P^^^*^^"^'^^^ medical profession stands in- dubitablyinthevan. For a man without the magic *'MD " tacked to his name to pry into "Bluebeard's Chamber"— which Baron Yon Weber has well termed *'The Torture Chamber of bcience, is, in their eyes, sacrilege. Hence it is that the lav public knows httle or nothing of Vivisection, the king of all cru- elties,— a form of torture as compared to which the ordinarv beating, starving and abusing of animals by brutal teamsters and others is as " the relative 0." I am no hot-headed enthusiast, no proclaimer of sensational alarms; but for twenty years-years full of painstaking and careful investigation-I have dealt with this terrible subilct in all its revolting phases, and today I do not hesitate to aver that Vivisection IS not only the wickedest (because most cruel) of all alleged paths to knowledge, but that, so far from advancing the sciences either of therapeutics or of surgery, it has led to a mul- 24 titude of false deductions, entangled is f'^^o'^^^f '"/" '^^L tricable web of contradictions, and blocked the true road to knowledgVby a conglomeration of isolated and abstract facts m the dornfn di physiologv- confusing, misleading and frequently contrad c ory. Had tlfis false path been, twenty-five years ago ne^emptoriv closed by the voiie of outraged humanity, as well Lof^ommon sense, who shall .ay what really great d.scoyenes micrht ere this have been sjiven to the world.'' ''"Sever has science been made more truly ridiculous than by the extravagant claims of physiologists during the past decade 1 "O, mighty Csesar, art thou, then, so low?" The nertinent question now seems to be: "How long will a too-conSg public submit to be gulled by such specious claims, —claims utterly discredited by facts:"' . , . ^ _ „.. NotT, for instance, Pasteur's Hydrophobia Cure so recently on the op of the wave, and to-day generally laughed at, derided, even by the medical fraternity. Pasteur himself indirectly ad- mits in figures given a »ecent interviewer, that a larger perccnt- ^cJe of patients have died, after being submitted to his inocula- tfons, than are lost where no treatment whatever « resoHed to f). It would seem that this fact alone, coming as it does from Pasteur himself, might strike the scales from the eyes "f credulity, and show this alleged "discovery" to be, what it really is, ''a delusion and a snare/' Says Dr. Edward Berdoe: "Rnt if Pasteur's system has proved itself so valuable, whete are we to l^SJn!^N»e?eTof t^^^^^^^^ li^d I'^^^s d^S the reason why the scheme for a Pasteur Institute for London hangs fire." And SO I might quote from eminent authorities, ad libitum, if Vi^vi^section can be logically opposed on three leading grounds: (1) Its unparalleled cruelty; (2) its uselessness; (3) /ts demor- alizing effect upon its devotees and upon humanity at large. First, "regarding its cruelty. . . , Says a brilUant and thoroughly conscientious writer on the subject: « French and Italian physiologists outrival ^^f,;) «*J^^,Vna\ufaVa^^^^^^^^ Sr£lf?o|/n^ftr ^7}S fo^srLV\orca}^e?u7^^^^^^^^ ^laT ^^a^e them, when they shall demand it." 25 I quote again — this time from the admirable preface by Philip G. Peabody, Esq., to his very large reprint of the English pamphlet, "Vivisection in America." " Liberty iu Vivisection, physiologists themselves, in Germany, France, and Italy, say, has produced abuses. ' In America,' says Dr. Leffiiigwell, • it has led to the repetition, for demonstration, of Majendie's extreme barbari- ties—barbarities which have been condemned by every leading physiologist oi England, in which country a careful study of mortality statistics shows that in no case has vivisection lessened the fatality of a single disease be- yond what it was thirty-five years ago.' " ( !; The preceding quotation would seem to sufficiently accentuate both the cruelty and uselessness of Vivisection, although, if my readers' nerves could bear the terrible strain, I could fill column upon column of this publication with the vivisectors' accounts of their own experiments, — experiments so atrocious in their in- fliction of suffering, that, were but the one-hundredth part known, such a storm of public indignation would be aroused as would be unparalleled in the history of the world. Remember, I am not speaking as a sentimentalist; and here let me quote the language of no less a personage than Dr. Blackwood, the emi- nent Philadelphia physician. In a letter, a copy of which is now before me, — a letter addressed to a friend of the writer of this article and intended for publication — he (Dr. Blackwood) says: "Absolutely useless as it [Vivisection] has been abundantly proved to be to all thinking and reasoning minds, it needs but the careful investigation of the medical profession, at large, to bring its members to the conclusion reached by the few who have given this important matter the consideration it deserves, . . . will be the means of starting public investigation, and, if it does this, the time will soon come when vivisectors will be relegated to the category of professional criminals, who deserve the heavy hand of the law to be laid on -and laid on the more because they should, from the pre- tensions they make, be the protectors, instead of the atrocious torturers, of animals who have not the power to protect themselves. Dr. Edward Berdoe, of England, member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Licentiate of the Royal College of Edinburgh, member of the British Medical Association, etc., etc., thus writes: "It [Vivisection] strikes a blow at our common humanity, and, if tolerated Dy society, will iuevitably be fatal to its higliest intefests." The great value of Dr. Berdoe's opinion on this subject, I pre- sume even physiologists will not dare question, as Dr. Berdoe stands among the foremost of his profession in England; this latter fact could in no better way be attested tban by the impu- nity with which he can assail that pet "hobby," Vivisection, so dear to the heart and vanity of ''the rank and file" of the medical profession. The truth is, he is too powerful to be safely trifled with, for his pen can be, on occasion, as caustic and trenchant as his intellect is brilliant and far-reaching. Could I be spared the space, I could quote aiiti-vivisectional sentiments from dozens of the most brilliant ornaments to the professions they represent. Among others, now before me, I observe the following names, all condemning the practice of 26 Vivisection: The late Henry Bergh, Esq., Mme. Adelina Patti, Mr. William Lloyd Garrison, Kev. Phillips Brooks, U.b. Sena- tor Dawes of Massachusetts, Signor Tommaso Salvini, U.S. Sen- ator Blair of New Hampshire; U. S. Senator Chandler of New Hampshire, Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, U. S. Senator Do Iph of Ore^^on, Rev. Dr. C. A. Bartol, Miss Frances Power Cobbe ot England, ^'Ouida," Baron Ernst von Weber of Germany, Knight of the Royal Order of Saxony, etc., Miss Fanny Davenport, and Col. R. G. Ingersoll. The medical fraternity would fain frighten ofi the lay public from the investigation of the morality or immorality of Vivisec- tion; but just here I and all honest and earnest men and wo- men must and will " call a halt." I assert (and I am sure the truth of my assertion will appeal to the common sense of my readers) that it is not necessary to be a member of the medical profession in order to form a correct iudc^ment of the value or uselessness of Vivisection. It is neces- sary that all which can be said on both sides should be read and digested; but that it is in any sense necessary to be a practical physiolocrist, or even a member of the medical profession, in order to°form an intelligent judgment in the premises, is too preposterous to require a lengthened refutation here. Please re- member that the records of these millions of Vivisections are accessible to every careful and painstaking student of the sub- ject—records made, mainly, by the vivisectors themselves. When we find, as is the case, that one set of experiments is re- corded, only to be utterly discredited by the next experimenter (he arriving, in most cases, at almost diametrically opposite con- clusions),— when we find the greatest among the vivisectors utterly skeptical as to the value of the results arrived at by their confreres (often acknowledging at the end, as did the dying Claude Bernard, that they, themselves, pass away with empty hands),— do we not feel justified in looking askance at a mode of " research " fraught with a thousand times the horrors of the Calvinistic hell? When we look further, and find the mortality statistics in no wise bear out the grandiloquent assertion that Vivisection has greatly reduced the percentage of deaths from certain promin- ent diseases during the past twenty-five years,— when we find such assertions absolutely erroneous, as is again the case,— -is it not time to ask wherein Vivisection has proved this inestimable blessing to humanity we are so glibly told is the case? And I fortify this statement by a quotation from Dr. Leffingwell's very able article on Vivisection in LippincotVs Magazine for August, 1884. Dr. Leffiugwell says:— " If scientific evidence is worth anything, it points to the appalling con- clusion that, notwithstanding all the researches of physiology [Vivisection!, the chief forms of chronic disease exhibit to-day in England a greater fatal- ity than thirty years ago. " II 27 Then follows an authentic table, the figures of which show the "average annual rate of mortality in England, from causes of death, per one million inhabitants." This table begins with A. D. 1850, and ends with A. D. 1879. Dr. Leflingwell most logically adds : '• What are the facts here discernible of Bernard's experiments upon dia- betes? Of Brown-Sequard's upon epilepsy and paralysis? Of Flint's and Pavy's on the liver? Of Terrier's researches upon the funciions of the brain?" [It may be observed that one of a recent writer's claims of the very- valuable results arrived at through Vivisection (I refer to a writer 1 liad in mind at the beginning of this article) are in this latter field.] " Let us ap- peal from the heated enthusiasm of the experimenter [or, in the above in- stance, that of the essayist] to the stern facts of the statistician. Why, so far from having obtained the least mastery over those malignant forces which seem forever to elude and baffle our art, they are actually gaining up- on us; every one of these forms of disease [diseases which, although com- paratively tew in number, cause annually about one-half of all the deaths in England], is more fatal to-day in England than thirty years ago." Here I will end my present quotations from Dr. Lelfingwell. Let me now approach the subject more closely — let me exam- ine critically the armor with which its defenders have panoplied themselves. Strange to relate, I do not feel abashed in the immediate presence of these "plumed knights," nor loth to measure swords with them. Can this be because I have seen so many bright vivisectional banners trailed in the dust — so many a blade snapped in twain that claimed to be of true Damascus steel? Perhaps ! And, perhaps, too, because I know I speak the truth when I say Vivisection has been a curse to man and brute alike ; it has caused an infinity of agony, the magnitude of which the greatest vivisectors admit is, like time and space, practically boundless ; it has created and fostered the 'Must for blood " which all deep students of the human mind know is not chimera (our critics' views to the contrary, notwith- standing) ; it has greatly retarded true medical and surgical progress ; and here I pause in my argument to advance more distinctly upon my adversaries. Even Achilles was vulnerable in the heel ; hence, let me not wholly despair of success. Here, then, I will test the value of their defences. The following words 1 quote, verbatim, from a recent article previously referred to : "All that is known of medicine and surgery to-day is the direct result of experimentation." Concerning the above statement, the writer thereof utterly misapprehends the truth (unwittingly, I believe). Not only is this statement incorrect, but almost the exact opposite is the fact. Not one discovery of great value has been made through Vivi- section, in the domains either of Medicine or Surgery. This proposition can be supported by the highest expert testimony — much from the vivisectors themselves. Let us see if there is not what a physiologist might term a "suture" in my antagon- ists' armor just here; and, mark you, a wound given just here would be unpleasantly near the heart ; for, if neither Medicine 28 nor Surgery has profited through Vivisection, what ground can be left as a foothold for its defenders to stand upon? Let us now consult the best authorities, and then my readers will be enabled to fairly judge between my opponents and myself upon this all- important point. First, medicine. Listen to the opinion of Dr. Albert Leffingwell, whose articles on Vivisection, published in Scrihner^s Monthly and LippmcoWs Magazine^ commanded, at once, world-wide attention and re- spect. He says : " Now I venture to assert that, during the last quarter of a century, inflic- tion of intense torture upon unknown myriads of sentient, living creatures has not resulted in the discovery of a single remedy of acknowledged and generally accepted value in the cure of disease. This is not known to the general public, but it is a fact essential to any just decision regarding the expediency of unrestrained liberty of Vivisection." And again Dr. Leffingwell says : "I confess that, until recently, I shared the common impression regarding the utility of Vivisection in therapeutics [medicine]. It is a belief still wide- ly prevalent in the medical profession. Xevertheless, is it not a mistake? The therapeutical results of nearly half a cent iry [he might have as truly said, of all past time] of painful experiments— we seek them in vain." And yet, again, he says : * " Has physiological experimentation [Vivisection] during the last quarter of a century contributed such marked improvements in therapeutic methods tiiat we find certain and tangible evidence tliereof in the diminishing fatality ot any disease? Can one mention a single malady which thirty years ago resisted every remedial effort to which the more enlightened science of to- day can otfer hox^es of recovery? These seem to me perfectly legitimate and fair questions, and, unfortunately, in one respect, capable of a scientific re- ply. I suppose the opinion of the late Claude Bernard, of Paris, would be generally accepted as that of the highest scientific authority on tlie utility of Vivisection in 'practical medicine ;' but he tells us it is hardly wortli while to make the inquiry. 'AViihout doubt,' he confessed, *our hands are empty to-day, although our mouths are full of legitimate promises for the future.' " This would seem pretty conclusive, but let us look still further. •' Experiments on animals," says Dr. Thorowgood, in the Medical Times and Gazette, October 5, 1872, "already extensive and numerous, cannot be said to have advanced therapeutics much." What says Sir William Ferguson, surgeon to the Queen, re- garding those marvelous gains to surgery which a writer, pre- viously referred to in this article, believes to have been made through Vivisection? " In surgery," says Sir William Ferguson, "I am not aware of any of these experiments on the lower animals having led to the mitigation of pain, or to improvement as regards surgical details." [Reply to question 1049, in evi- dence given before the Royal Commission .] What say my readers, was this writer correct in claiming that all of value in Medicine and Surgery has been gained through Viv- isection, ov have I proved the contrary to be the case? And yet, more expert testimony. Says that most eminent physician. Dr. Edward Berdoe, of Eng- land, after enumerating, at great length, many of the most atrociously painful experiments of viviseetors : "But, thougli you will [then] have been enabled to write numberlesa papers for scientific societies, and perhaps have won medals, scholarships, prizes, or even a Fellowship of the Royal Society— the plain, unvar- 29 nished fact is, that you have not advanced the practice of medicine or surg- ery by a single step! You have not learned the cure for a single malady . which afflicts the human body. You have not reduced the length of time which a patient languishes in, say, typhoid fever, scarletina, or small-pox, by a single day. You have not learned how to cure gout, jaundice, cancer, or sciatica. We can do no more for these ailments than we could before your experiments were begun."— [Edward Berdoe, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Edin.), in "The Healing Art and the Claims of Vivisection." A writer, in a recent article in favor of Vivisection, speaks of Professor Lawson Tait, F.R.C.S., LL.D., as an authority who has been entirely, or almost entirely, superseded during the last eight or nine years by the wonderful strides made (by viviseet- ors) in the domains of Surgery and Medicine, through Vivisec- tion; just how wonderful these alleged strides, through Vivisec- tion, have really been, I have shown my readers, at *ome consid- erable length. This essayist speaks *^of Professor Tait as an '^eminent but somewhat ' irregular surgeon.'* Wherein this alleged irregularity consists, I am unaware, although perhaps based upon some technicality; in one way he is extremely "irreg- ular," viz. : in that he has become undoubtedly the world's greatest ovariotomist, without finding it incumbent upon him to vivisect whole hecatombs of animals. I am certain that this critic has been misled in concluding Professor Lawson Tait is a "back number," and that he has been superseded, as an authority, by practical physiologists during the past few years. If such be the fact, it is indeed remarkable that such a suggestion has not, even ever so remotely, reached my ears until I read this critic's opin- ion; and I am in a position to know, were such the case. The fact is, I believe, that Professor Lawson Tait's famous brochure (the title of which, by the way, is mis-stated by this essayist, ac- cording to a copy of the pamphlet now before me) is, in the main, simply unanswerable. Did space permit, nothing would please me better than to take up, one by one, the claims for Vivisection put forth by our critics; as it is, I must content myself with an examination of the more important ones. Let me point out one most glaring misappre- hension regarding Professor Lawson Tait. It has been made to appear that Tait's great success in the department of abdominal surgery was achieved through his building upon the results ar- rived at by the more recent vivisections of physiologists. Let us first hear what says one who writes of Tait, and then read what Tait states regarding the sources from which he derived his prac- tical knowledge of this subject. Says Tait's critic: — "Not until Spencer Wells, of England, and Keith, of Scotland, by number- less vivisections, found a way to do it (referring to a branch of abdominal surgery), was it but rarely successful. They reduced the mortality to about twelve per cent. Following came others who made improvements by ex- periments and vivisection, until, finally, Tait of Birmingham, England, was able to show a record of over one hundred and thirty laparotomies without a single death." Kow listen to Prof. Tait, himself: — "As soon as Keith's results were established (probably not in the remotes^t degree through the vivisections his critic credits him with performing), ab- dominal surgery advanced so rapidly that now, only six years after, there is 30 not a single organ in the abdomen which has not had numerous operations performed upon it successfully. I have had, as is well known, some share in this advance, and I say, without hesitation, that I have been led astray, again and again, by the published results of experiments on animals, and I have had to discard them entirely." Comment upon these two opposing statements — the first by a party regarding Tait, the second by Tait regarding himself,— would appear superfluous, for " he who runs may read." Speaking of wonderful (alleged) advances made through Yivi- sectiou in the locating of cerebral tumors, etc., a correspondent uses the following extravagant language, referring to ''a great map of the brain" (which *' map," it is superfluous to add, he believes to have been made possible through Vivisection, alone): "Until he [Horsleyl had, by following Ferrier's footsteps, perfected his great map of the brain [!!], by which to-day all cerebral tumors and lesions are located [!!]— until Horsley's triumph [?] it was impossible, but now even the smallest tumor or lesion may be located exactly, and removed, with a possibility of restoring the sufferer to health, and his faculties again Audit is confidently expected that, in a few years, many cases of epilepsy and insanity will be swiftly curable by surgery,— the diseased part cut away and health restored." Now, anyone not the veriest tyro in his knowledge of the sub- ject must, it would seem, know such statements as the foregoing are but the offspring of the wildest imagination. According to one critic's ideas, all a patient afflicted with a cerebral tumor need do is to consult one of these "wise men of the West," who, re- ferring to this (non-existent) '' great map of the brain," instant- ly and unerringly puts his flnger (so to speak) upon the precise spot on this wonderful " map " indicated by his diagnosis of the patient's case. It is difficult to understand how anyone, with more than the merest smattering of knowledge concerning this matter, can seriously make such a statement as the above.° Are not the vivisectors, themselves, at bitter odds regarding this very subject? Setting aside the well-known fact that experi- ments upon the brains of animals are of little or no value, so far as human beings are concerned, do we not find the leading vivi- sectors in this field of " research " extremely distrustful of the value of one another's conclusions reached through the vivisec- tion of animals? Are not the tabulated results, as published by these craftsmen, generally so contradictory as to be of no prac- tical value, even as barren physiological facts? In support of my assertions I invite the reader to peruse the writings of Flourens, Goltz, and Terrier — three of the most prominent authorities on this subject. They might, indeed, be termed The Trinity in this department. Each has sacrificed hecatombs of animals on his own particular altar, and with what beneficial re- sults, as far as brain-surgery is concerned? I answer, unhesitat- ingly, none! They have been able, by performing certain excru- ciatingly painful mutilations upon the wretched animals in their power to make them perform certain peculiar movements, one of which was described, with a revolting attempt at wit, as like the antics of a " jack-pudding " (or clown). But that these multitudes'of barbarous mutilations have ad- 31 vanced human brain-surgery, by one jot or tittle, is too absurd to merit serious refutation, as the history of brain-surgery abun- dantly proves. Indeed, who could for one instant imagine that these experimentis of vivisectors upon the brains of living ani- mals — experiments which have but served to immesh the experi- menters in a web of inextricable difficulties and countless con- tradictious among themselves — have been of the least value in advancing human brain- surgery? The claim is utterly preposter- ous, and in no wise borne out by facts. If it be so, is it not passing strange that men so eminent m their professions as Dr. Edward Berdoe and Professor Lawson Tait appear quite un- aware of it? The fact is, the great " brain-map," so glowingly referred to by the critic, exists but in his too vivid imagination. But I must hasten to the close of this already long paper, for one or two points more I wish to touch upon, briefly. First, regarding the English Restrictive Act, referred to by a gentle- man as '^ the foolish law passed by a weak parliament to appease the clamor of the sentimental anti-vivisectionists." I contend that the above gives a most unfair and erroneous view of the case. The bill, as originally "drafted," was a masterly one, and had it become a law in its first form, would have proved a pow- erful bar to the practice of Vivisection in Great Britain; unfor- tunatel}', however, both for the advancement of true science and for the cause of Humanity, it was so mutilated by its oppo- nents before becoming a law, that it is but the shadow of what its framers intended it to be; however, it is the " entering wedge," and, as such, its value is very great. It was not drawn and put forward, as one critic believes, by " sentim> ntal anti- vivisectionists;" on the contrary, its backers were persons of acknowledged intellect, who commanded, and still command, the respect of the British nation. One last word, and I am done. Of the success of Dr. Robert Koch's inoculations for tuberculosis, one may well entertain the gravest doubts; even were all else clear (which is very far from being the case), it is in the highest degree uncertain whether the bacilli produce the disease, or the disease the bacilli; at present it looks as if Koch's cure for tuberculosis would ultimately grace- fully retire from public scrutiny to the "Home for (physiologi- cal) Aged Couple$i," in company with its French congener, Pas- teur's hydrophobia cure. And now I have finished. If I have, happily, succeeded in placing our critics, to some extent, horn de combat^ and in no enviable light in my readers' minds, the fault is their own, — not mine. In all I have said I credit each with being honest, but appar- ently ignorant of this subject, and hence their cause was essen- tially weak. Handicapped by such tremendous odds as these, men of greater talent than they must have failed. Theirs is a *' house builded upon the sands; " to the unpractised eye it might look, perhaps, a substantial structure; and it was, for this very 32 reason, in the highest degree necessary that someone with that practical knowledge of the subject not possessed by the ay- public at large should point out clearly to them the absolu e unsoundness of such apparently plausible argument. This, to the best of my humble ability, I have endeavored to do. Vivisection is the blackest crime that the law of any land ever let -o unpunished. The agony it inflicts upon helpless animals is so appalling that the knowledge of its atrocity has darkened forever with its hideous, leprous shadow, the sunshine of many a generous and noble heart. It has destroyed, in "J^ny a breas the belief in the existence of a just and loving God. It h^S /<;>^ more than one lofty spirit, turned to gall and wormwood the sparkling wine in Life's glowing chalice. It has aroused in many a manly and many a womanly breast a storm of righteous indi-nation : and it has evoked many a stern resolve to combat the hideous phantom while life and strength re- main. Many have turned from its Gorgon head with speech- less horror, lest, like Medusa's potent -aze, it too, might freeze the palsied wretch, who looked on it, to stone. All honor be to the handful of gallant hearts (among whom I in nowise presume to rank myself,) -;; sentimental anti-vivisectionists," one calls them- who ^^vith dauntless coura-e, dare to face this hideous - Dweller of l^ejihreshold, and gSz^, unblanched, into those dreadful eyes ! For tha m^an and woman of exalted imagination and tender heart, who le- nounces sunshine, happiness, and, alas 1 too often, peace to en mil themselves beneath the spotless ensign of our Cause,- to fight shoulder to shoulder, through weary, thankless years, for the dumb and the defenceless, -for them be the reverent, unspoken homage that the heart of their kind has ever paid to virtue, since Socrates drained the hemlock-bowl ere set of sun ! Such language as that employed by one apologist for Vivisection cannot assail tliem. Like the turbulent little stream that hurls itself acrainst the granite base of some great A p, have through all past time, the opponents of the philanthropist and the reformer of every field, wasted their strength in the vain attempt to outwit eternalJustice ; (or, as in certain instances, to strive through ignorance, to accomplish what others attempt throu-h wicked- ness and malice.) But the heart of man is "ot wholly bad and the -reat Alp of Justice will still rear, as now, its spotless ciest above the sea of leaden clouds, to greet the fast-approaching dawn, when the little turbulent stream which frets against its d the Drug Delusion. Compiled by J. Winfleld Scott, Scc'y The N. C. L. League. Price 10 cents. 18. RECE^T Ringing Resolutions of several State and National Societies. A four-page tract. Price 2 cents. 19. M edic AL AND CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY. Memorable speeches of Rev. Minot J. Savage, Rabbi Solomon Scliindler, Abby Morton Diaz, Mrs. H. S. Lake, Rev. C. S. Frost, and Dr. H. S. Bowker, against Medical Legislation in Massachusetts. 24 pages, paper cover. Price 10 cents. 20. A va^t amount of valuable arguments, experiences and evidence has just been added to the above, from distinguished citizens of all countries and from various other sources. ^^Think of aU of these for only One Dollar I P. 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