Columbia Imtetfitp 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 SELIGMAN LIBRARY OF ECONOMICS 
 PURCHASED BY THE UNIVERSITY 
 
HISTORY OF THE , • 
 
 PUBLIC PROCEEDINGS 
 
 ON THE QUESTION OF THE 
 
 EAST INDIA MONOPOLY, 
 
 DURING THE PAST YEAR. 
 
 WITH AN OUTLINE OF 
 
 MR. BUCKINGHAM’S 
 EXTEMPORE DESCRIPTIONS 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 HURST, CHANCE, AND CO„ ST. PAUL'S CHURCH YARD; 
 
 1830 . 
 
NEW QUARTERLY REVIEW. 
 
 T HE increased and increasing interest now awakened throughout the Country, on 
 every topic connected with the Eastern World, whether as regards the conquest 
 of Turkey by Russia—the independence of Egypt under its present Pasha—the 
 Steam Communication with India, by way of the Mediterranean and Red Sea—the 
 approach of European armies towards our Indian Possessions by land—or the 
 abolition of the’ East India Company’s exclusive Monopoly, which will be the 
 subject of Parliamentary discussion in the approaching Session—has determined 
 Mr. Buckingham to commence an entirely New Series of his Periodical Journal, 
 with the commencement of the present year, 1830, and to make it Quarterly, 
 instead of Monthly, in order that it may admit of being conducted on the same 
 plan as the Edinburgh, Quarterly, and Westminster Reviews, by giving careful, 
 copious, and complete Analyses of the best Standard Works that have been already 
 published, and of all New Books that may appear, the contents of which are in any 
 degree connected with Turkey, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, 
 China, and the other vast and populous regions of the Asiatic World, as well as 
 occasional Original Articles on Eastern Affairs : and, more especially, a critical 
 examination of every Publication for or against the existing Monopoly, which 
 cramps our intercourse with that interesting quarter of the Globe. 
 
 This new Publication will be entitled The Oriental Quarterly Review, and, in 
 addition to the continued labours of the Editor, it will receive the contributions of 
 the most distinguished writers of the age. It will be of the same form, size, and 
 price, and be conducted exactly on the same plan, as the established Reviews of the 
 day, confining itself to those topics which are of the highest and most enduring 
 interest, to the exclusion of all merely temporary matter, with which Monthly 
 Journals, almost of necessity, abound. 
 
 The first Number will appear on the 20th of January, 1830, and the succeeding 
 Numbers will be published regularly every Quarter, in April, July, and October; 
 and as the annual cost of this Quarterly Publication will be much less than half the 
 original price of the Monthly Journal, being only 24s. in the year, and conse¬ 
 quently much less than the expense of even a weekly Newspaper, it will be brought 
 within the reach of every Merchant, Manufacturer, Ship-owner, and Trader, of the 
 kingdom, as well as of every Family, and of every individual Philanthropist and 
 Patriot, who may desire to assist in forwarding the great end to which it will be 
 chiefly directed—the extending and improving our knowledge of, and intercourse 
 with, the unnumbered millions of the East. 
 
 As no extra-number will be printed beyond the copies actually ordered, it is im¬ 
 portant that the Proprietors and Managers of Public Libraries, Book Clubs, Reading 
 and News Rooms, and every other class of Subscribers, who may desire to be fur¬ 
 nished with the first Number of the New Review, when it appears, should give early 
 directions to that effect, as orders for the work will be received by all the Booksellers 
 in town and country. 
 
 The closing Number of The Oriental Herald was published on the 1st of De¬ 
 cember last, and contained an entire copy of the present Charter of the East India 
 Company, as passed at the last renewal—completing a work that has extended to 
 23 octavo volumes, of nearly 15,000 pages, in which is contained a greater body 
 of information respecting the countries of the East, than in any Public Journal that 
 has ever before issued from the English Press. 
 
PUBLIC PROCEEDINGS 
 
 EAST INDIA MONOPOLY. 
 
 S. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 An entire year having now elapsed, since the measures, of which these sheets 
 are intended to comprise the history, were first put into operation, it is thought 
 desirable to shew what has been done, by unremitted perseverance, in even that 
 brief period: as nothing is more encouraging to the exertions of the future, than 
 a retrospective glance at the success which has attended the exertions of the 
 past. On my first landing in England from India, in the Summer of 1823, 
 after an absence of upwards of ten years, 1 made a hurried tour through the 
 principal districts of England and Scotland, partly for the acquisition of 
 general information respecting their condition, but also for the purpose of 
 ascertaining how far any disposition existed to take an interest in the fate of 
 India—considered as a part of the British empire, and as such having a strong 
 claim on patriotic attention. During the whole of this tour, which occupied 
 about four months, I found everywhere the most extraordinary want of infor¬ 
 mation respecting our Eastern possessions to prevail even in the best circles. 
 Scarcely one person in a hundred appeared to know more of India than that 
 it Was a country at a great distance, where the climate was very hot, the people 
 very savage, and fortunes easily made by those who escaped the cholera 
 morbus, or the liver; but, this very absence of all accurate or detailed infor¬ 
 mation on the subject, was perhaps one reason why every communication that 
 I had an opportunity of making to others respecting any part of the Asiatic 
 world was listened to with avidity, and with such an evident delight, as to 
 v convince me, that when the proper time arrived, I could render no better 
 service to my country, or to mankind, than by making a second tour through¬ 
 out the kingdom for the purpose of explaining verbally, to as many auditors as 
 could be collected, whatever I deemed worthy of their attention in that part 
 of the East with which I was best acquainted. I naturally concluded, that 
 - if 20 persons would suspend conversation at a dinner table for the purpose 
 of listening with great silence and earnestness to a description of some scene, 
 or a narrative of some event of which I had been a witness in India, there 
 could be no good reason why 200 might not be equally ready to listen with 
 the same attention to similar communications elsewhere. I accordingly 
 formed the resolution of waiting until the near approach of the Parliamentary 
 Discussions on the East India Company’s Charter should give an additional 
 excitement to public curiosity, and then putting my plan of this personal tour 
 into execution. 
 
 I returned to London, established The Oriental Herald, a Monthly 
 Journal, devoted especially to the progressive development of the state of Asia 
 generally, and of India in particular; continued it through five years of unin¬ 
 terrupted publication, from 1824 to the beginning of 1829; and availed myself 
 besides of every opportunity that presented itself, by petitions to parliament— 
 by appeals to the Privy Council—by proceedings in Courts of Justice—by the 
 establishment of Political and Literary Journals—and by every means that my 
 
2 Objects of the Personal Tour. ' 
 
 imagination could devise, to excite discussion and spread information re¬ 
 specting India through every open channel, and in every accessible spot. 
 During this period, not less than 6000/. sterling, partly from my owu funds— 
 the whole of the remnant of my Indian property being devoted to that purpose, 
 and partly from the sums contributed by others to assist the cause, were 
 expended or sunk in furtherance of this uniform and unaltered design, of 
 awakening the people of England to a sense of the importance of our Indian 
 possessions, and the benefits that would accrue to both countries by a better 
 system of intercourse between them. And if to this be added the unintermitted 
 and laborious application of every faculty, every thought, and every moment 
 of my time, through good report and through evil report, by day and by 
 night, in sickness and in trouble, as well as in vigorous health and comparative 
 tranquillity—when persecuted by enemies—sneered at by false friends—and 
 discouraged by the anxious fears and apprehensions of real ones—I believe I 
 may truly say, that whether as regards the application of money or of labour, 
 no cause was ever more resolutely, or more undeviatingly, adhered to, through 
 so many opposing circumstances, than this has been by me. 
 
 The time at length approached when I had determined to put my plan of the 
 Tour into effect; and after making such arrangements as my temporary absence 
 from London required, for I contemplated only occasional-visits to the country 
 at first, I made public the following announcement of my intention. 
 
 ‘ Mr. Buckingham, having long since stated his intention of visiting personally, and 
 in succession, all the principal towns of England, preparatory to the approaching 
 expiration of the East India Company’s Charter, intends commencing immediately 
 with Liverpool, where he will be early in January, for the purpose of arranging with 
 the principal Merchants of that great Commercial port the best mode of inducing the 
 Mercantile and Manufacturing Interests of the kingdom, generally, to oppose, by all 
 legal and constitutional means within their power, the further renewal of the East 
 India Company’s exclusive Monopoly, the discussions on which will now soon com¬ 
 mence in Parliament. Mr. Bucktngham has already announced his intention to give 
 a Series of Lectures, during his stay in Liverpool, on the Geography, Antiquities, 
 Productions, Population, Commerce, Resources, Government, Religion, Manners, 
 and Customs of the Eastern World, more especially of Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Me¬ 
 sopotamia, Babylonia, Persia, and India; the entire profits of which he proposes to 
 devote to the commencement of a Public Fund, for promoting such measures as may 
 be thought best calculated to remedy those evils, which, both in England and in India, 
 are inseparable from the arbitrary power and exclusive privileges now vested in that 
 Chartered Monopoly.’ 
 
 To satisfy, in as brief a compass as I could, the many enquiries which I 
 knew would be made, as to my qualifications, motives, and the events that had 
 led to my possession of the requisite knowledge for the task, I drew up also 
 the following 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 
 
 When an individual invites the attention of the public to the facts and arguments 
 by which he may attempt to support his views on any great public question, it is not 
 unreasonable that those to whom his appeal is made, should ask for some proof of his 
 claims to their attention, and demand the exhibition of his credentials before they con¬ 
 sent to honour him with their confidence; and being myself quite as desirous of grant¬ 
 ing, as others can be of asking, such reasonable concessions, 1 proceed to give a Sketch 
 of the most material grounds on which I consider my claims to general confidence to 
 be established. It will of necessity be very brief, and merely an outline—for the 
 history of forty years is not easy to be condensed into a few pages;—but when I add, 
 that I shall be always ready to afford to any one who may deem it worth his inquiry, 
 the more detailed information he may seek, by a personal interview and verbal con¬ 
 ference, I hope I shall sufficiently acquit myself of my duty by the union of these two 
 modes of communication. 
 
tier; of which I very sedulously 
 is information was used, I need 
 MALI), where, in a series of pap 
 filer in the East,’ * will be foun 
 e Mediterranean: and a Report 
 story of all its peculiarities, wi 
 uties, &c. &c.. which may fairly 
 llness, clearness, and fidelity, f 
 In the year 1813, having fori 
 ttling at Malta, as a general mei 
 tractions of Malta as a place of: 
 eat central magazine or depot, 
 gorous blockade against all Britit 
 rrte, was supplied with every de 
 ad colonial produce; and also in 
 
 Egypt, of persons of skill and capita 
 of improving the resources of his di 
 commerce, I had the pleasure of 
 Divan, after all his public officer 
 
6 Land Journey from Palestine to India . 
 
 sterling, in three yeais,) and subjected to transportation, as if my very touch were 
 sufficient to contaminate a land—which we Englishmen call our own, as being won 
 with the blood and treasure of our countrymen, and under the protection of our 
 national flag-while 1 foreigners alone ar efree in it, and every Englishman is virtually a 
 
 I returned to Egypt in company with Dr. Benjamin Babington.t by a second voy¬ 
 age through the Red Sea, in which I collected ample materials for a new hydrographi¬ 
 cal' chart of all its coasts; and communicated the result of my expedition to the British 
 merchants at Alexandria. It was then resolved to obtain from Mohammed Ali the 
 securities which the Indian merchants desired; and accordingly, a Commercial Treaty 
 was entered into, between the Pasha, the British Consul, and myself, each of whom 
 pledged himself to certain engagements, calculated to afford reciprocal protection and 
 
 As this was considered to clothe me with a new character, and invest me with new 
 powers, it was agreed that I should proceed again to India, as the ambassador or 
 envoy of Mohammed Ali, the viceroy of Egypt: being made the bearer of letters and 
 commissions from him to the Government of India, as well'as of this tripartite treaty 
 to its merchants. I accordingly left Alexandria in the close of the year 1815, for the 
 coast of Syria,§ landed at Bairoot, proceeded by Tyre, Sidon, Acre, and Jaffa, to Jeru¬ 
 salem ;—was compelled, by various circumstances, but more especially the disturbed 
 state of the country, to traverse nearly the whole of Palestine, and the countries east 
 of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, the Hauran, and the Decapolis;—reached Damascus; 
 —passed several weeks in the agreeable and hospitable society of Lady Hester Stan¬ 
 hope;—visited Baalbeck, Lebanon, Tripoly, Antioch, the Orontes, and Aleppo,|| 
 Prom thence I proceeded into Mesopotamia; crossed the Euphrates at Bir; visited 
 Orfah, near Haran, the Ur of the Chaldees, the birth-place of Abraham the Patriarch, 
 and Edessa of the Greeks; journeyed to Diarbekr, or the Black City, injthe-heart of 
 Asia Minor; from thence to Mardin on the mountains; and by the Great Desert of 
 Sinjar to Moosul on the Tigris ; inspected the Ruins of Nineveh, Arbela, Ctesiphon, 
 andSeleucia;—made extensive researches on the Ruins of Babylon, identified the 
 Hanging Gardens, and the Palace, and discovered a portion of the ancient Wall; 
 ascended to the summit of the Tower of Babel, now still erect in the Plain of Shinaar, 
 and at length reposed in the celebrated City of Bagdad, on the banks of the Tigris.1T 
 
 After a short stay here I proceeded into Persia, crossing the chain of MountZagros, 
 and^ going by Kermanshah to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana; Ispahan, the most 
 magnificent of all the Oriental cities; the ruins of Persepolis; and by Shiraz and 
 
 " * The whole of the official correspondence relating to these transactions will he found at 
 length, in the Appendix to the First Volume of * The Oriental Herald,* p.,3 to 5. 
 
 + See his evidence as to this voyage in * The Oriental Herald,* vol. xi. p. 405. 
 
 + The original Arabic version of this treaty is in the possession of Sir Charles Forbes, Bart., 
 MTP., and the French version of it will be found in ‘ The Oriental Herald,’ vol. iv. p. 505. 
 
 § It is here that my published Travels first commence, in the volume entitled ‘ Travels in 
 Palestine, through the countries of Bashan and Gilead,* beginning at Alexandria, and ending 
 at Nazareth. It is dedicated to the Marquis of Hastings, and comprises 553 quarto pages, with 
 a Portrait and 28 engravings, exclusive of Inscriptions, Plans, and Maps. The Preface to this 
 contains a detailed account of my track. 
 
 jj This concludes the second volume, entitled * Travels among the Arab Tribes, inhabiting the 
 Countries East of Syria and Palestine.’ It is dedicated to Dr. Babington, and comprises 6"9 
 quarto pages, and 28 Engravings, exclusive of Inscriptions and Map. In the Appendix to tliis 
 Volume is contained all the documents and correspondence relating to the controversy with 
 ‘TheQuarterly Review,* the Indian Government, Mr. Gifford, Mr.Murray, and the elder and 
 younger Mr. Bankes. 
 
 If This concludes the third Volume, entitled 'Travel 
 to the Right Honourable Lady Hester Stanhope, and co 
 besides the Plans and Views of the Ruins of Babylon, i 
 
 here, that tliis work having been read by Mr. James 1 
 
 porcelain at the Hanley Potteries in Staffordshire, he 
 nations it contained, and with the Engravings with wl 
 formed the design of making a beautiful Dinner Servi 
 Mesopotamia, which he brought to great perfection, a 
 from his manufactory. The Appendix to this volume 
 Bankes> a verbatim report of which will be found in 4 1 
 
 >)s in Mesopotamia,* which is dedicated 
 omprises 578 pages, and 27 Engravings, 
 
Foyage from Bombay to Bengal. 7 
 
 Shapoor to Bushire. At this port I embarked in an East India Company’s ship of 
 war, bound on an expedition against the Wahabees, the Arab pirates of the Persjpn 
 Gulph; visited their port at Kas-el-Khyma; went on shore with the Commodore of 
 the squadron, and acted as his Arabian interpreter; assisted afterwards in the bom¬ 
 bardment of the town; and finally reached Bombay at the end of 1816, having been 
 nearly twelve months in performing this long and perilous journey.* 
 
Editor s Life of the Calcutta Journal 
 
 ving considerable strength from the very flatterii 
 of Hastings, the late Lord Bishop of Calcutta, an 
 r their rank or learning in India, I yielded to the 
 :o undertake the editorship of a public journal in. 
 beral principles which then characterised the bri 
 
>er that could justify 
 2 in question:— 
 
liture of every month to be delivered i 
 
Proceedings at.Liverpool. 
 
 13 
 
 ' LIVERPOOL. 
 
 After this announcement, I proceeded to Liverpool, where I met, as I 
 expected, a very cordial reception, from all classes of the wealthy and intelli¬ 
 gent inhabitants: and there, for the first .time, I determined to make the ex¬ 
 periment of giving Extempore Descriptions of the Eastern World. They were 
 announced as Lectures on the Countries of the East, to be giveu in the Music 
 Hall of the City, and from the'first were most respectably attended! Some ap¬ 
 prehensions were felt by my friends, that this being my first attempt at a public 
 and extempore delineation of scenes and events so varied as it was ray intention 
 to make them, I might experience some embarrassment in the execution: but I 
 felt such inward consciousness Gf strength and confidence, that I was never 
 more self-possessed than when I first opened my lips before the large assembly 
 that attended me. The result was even more successful than I had ventured to 
 hope: all parties seemed pleased ; and in addition to the uniform and enthusiastic 
 approbation of the audiences, the eulogies of the press on both sides of politics, 
 and the union of parlies not usually co-operating in any public undertaking, 
 produced by my last lecture at Liverpool, was thus spoken of by the leading . 
 papers of that City:— 
 
 ' In company with a very numerous and respectable auditory, we participated in the 
 unequivocal satisfaction of witnessing, on Slonday night last, the delivery of Mr. 
 Buckingham’s first lecture, introductory of that subject to which in our last publica¬ 
 tion we directed the attentive consideration of the public. Mr. Buckingham’s second 
 lecture took place last night; and on both occasions his talents and experience were 
 successfully exercised. The manner of this gentleman confers additional interest on 
 the subject-matter of his discourse, and he himself is a striking instance of the union 
 of qualities most to be desired—the simplex munditiis. His style is peculiarly suited 
 to the delivery of lectures, intended to be rendered familiar and accessible. It may be 
 described as conversational oratory. It is complete delineation. We wander with the 
 traveller, and scarce need a chart to guide us on our way ; we roam with him by the 
 banks of Nilus, we descend iuto the Catacombs, or calculate the height of a pyramid ; 
 and, as the Orientalist (so to call him) unfolds the stores of his enlarged conception, 
 we take possession of his treasures, and imagination bodies forth, with the fidelity of a 
 diagram, scenes which, so far as we are concerned, may almost be termed visionary.’— 
 Gore’s Liverpool Advertizcr, Jan. 8. 
 
 ‘ Mr. Buckingham’s lectures, it gives us pleasure to observe, have beeu attended by 
 audiences of which, both for numbers and respectability, he may justly be proud, and 
 the applause wrung from them by the pleasing popular style of his delivery, must 
 have proved to him an abundant source of gratification. Mr. Buckingham deserves the 
 thanks of the community for his labours; for they are directed to effect one of tire 
 greatest and most beneficial reforms, to advance the prosperity of his own country, and 
 to confer inestimable blessings on countless millions of his fellow creatures. The 
 exertions of Mr. Buckingham have already produced good results in this town: men 
 of all parties and sects have united in this one object; and a requisition is now in 
 course of signature to our worthy chief magistrate, requesting him to call a public 
 meeting for the consideration of this most important question.’— Liverpool Chronicle, 
 Jan. 10. 
 
 ‘We have seen with very greatsatisfaction the cordial reception which Mr. Bucking¬ 
 ham, the public-spirited advocate of free trade to the East, has met with during the 
 last week, from all classes of the inhabitants of this town, and especially from the most 
 active and enlightened of our merchants. His lectures on Wednesday and Friday were 
 attended by even larger audiences than that on Monday, and on Friday evening the 
 body of our Music Hall was filled almost to overflowing. We have never, on any occa¬ 
 sion, seen larger or more respectable audiences at lectures in this town; and the spirit 
 manifested was one of the most cordial pleasure at the enlightened views and generous 
 sentiments of Mr. Buckingham', mingled with astonishment at the infatuated policy of 
 the E.ast India Company. He said that he hoped again to have the honour of appear- 
 
he is about to visit.’” (Loud cheers.)—Liverpool Times, Jan. 13. 
 
 After being made a sharer of the cordial and splendid hospitalities of the 
 principal families of Liverpool, and passing there a week of great happiness, I 
 returned to London. 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 Early in February, I set out again for Manchester, the vast wealth, pro¬ 
 ductive powers, and extensive population of which, gave it an equal interest 
 in the commercial part of the question with Liverpool itself. There also I met 
 with the same cordial reception—the same public interest—and the same pri¬ 
 vate hospitalities. In short, if there was any difference, I think the people of 
 Manchester took a still deeper interest in the literary attractions of the subject, 
 
These are considerations which we would impress on the commercial public wherever 
 our journal is read. They are, it is true, very inadequately represented in Parliament; 
 but they can, if they please, easily secure a seat for Mr. Buckingham. If they do not, 
 we think they will notdo justice to that gentleman; but we think also, what in a na¬ 
 tional point of view is far more important, that they will not do justice to themselves.’— 
 Manchester Guardian, Feb, 7. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 After returning again to London, for the remainder of the month, I left town 
 for Birmingham early in March, and there also my reception was such as would 
 have been felt perhaps to be more favourable than it could possibly seem, after 
 the enthusiasm of Liverpool and Manchester. The Lectures were there de¬ 
 livered in the Theatre of the Philosophical Society, and were attended by the 
 principal inhabitants of the town :but 300 auditors was the greatest number the 
 space would accommodate, and it was entirely filled; The report of the ter¬ 
 mination of the Course in the Birmingham Gazette, contained the following 
 notice of the manner in which it was received:— 
 
 'Mr. Buckingham delivered his supplementaiy lecture on the state of the Trade to the 
 East, at therooms of the Philosophical Society, on Monday last. Occupying upwards 
 of three hours and a half in the delivery, it becomes impossible to do more than enu¬ 
 merate some of the prominent heads under' which his most able and elaborate inquiry 
 was pursued.—At the termination of the lecture, the President of the Philosophical 
 Society, the Rev. John Corrie, rose and addressed the audience to the following effect: 
 
 < “ I understand that at Liverpool and Manchester, where, as you have heard fromhim,. 
 Mr. Buckingham has been giving lectures, the audience at both places, at the con- 
 elusion of the lectures, expressed their approbation-by a vote of thanks. Permit me to 
 
BRISTOL. 
 
 From hence I proceeded direct to Bristol, where some difficulties were af 
 first apprehended, in uniting the West Indians with those who wished a Free 
 Trade to the East. By the aid of some kiud friends, and the force of the cause 
 itself, these apprehensions however gradually wore away; and although 
 Bristol was at this period in a state of great excitement from the divided 
 opinions of its society on the Catholic Relief Bill, then in its progress through 
 Parliament, a small audience was collected, at first not exceeding 60 
 persons, which progressively increased, however, to nearly 600: exceeding 
 Liverpool, almost equalling Manchester, and leading to a union of all parties 
 and sects in one common object, in a way that had hardly ever been experi¬ 
 enced for many years. The following from the Bristol papers will sufficiently 
 evince the feeling that prevailed. 
 
 ‘ Mr. Buckingham gave his supplementary lecture this morning to one of the mos 
 resnectable audiences we ever saw assembled in the room. And. nerhaos. never was 
 
LEEDS. 
 
 From Bristol I went direct to Leeds, and there also my reception was most 
 flattering. The principal manufacturers of this town having frequently supplied 
 the Americans with goods for China, which could not be conveyed there in 
 English vessels, except by the India Company, the subject had before en¬ 
 gaged their attention, and a very strong feeling was manifested by all 
 classes, as soon as my arrival, and the intended delivery of the Lectures were 
 announced. What the issue was, may be gathered from the following testi¬ 
 monies given by the papers of the town itself. 
 
 ‘ On Monday last Sir. Buckingham commenced his course of lectures on the coun¬ 
 tries of the East, in the Slusic Hall, in this town. All the lectures descriptive of 
 those countries have now been delivered, and whether we judge of them from our own 
 feelings, from the testimony of those with whom we have conversed, from the increasing 
 numbers who have every day attended them, or from the strong and unequivocal ex¬ 
 pressions of pleasure and admiration with which they have been received, we have no 
 hesitation in saying that they have been the most interesting and eloquent course of 
 lectures that have ever been delivered in this town, or that we have ever had the plea- 
 
‘ This motion wa3 seconded by William Aldham, Esq., merchant of Leeds, and was 
 carried by acclamation, amidst the most' enthusiastic applause . 1 —Leeds Patriot, April 9. 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 The course at Leeds was closed on the Saturday, April the 4th at about 
 eight o’clock, the concluding Lecture having lasted four hours: when, notwith¬ 
 standing the continued labours of the week, the lectures being delivered every 
 day consecutively, I stepped from, the Lecture Itoom into the Mail, drove 
 home, without stopping on the road, and after a journey of nearly 200 miles, 
 was at the City of London Tavern, on Monday the 6th, to commence a course 
 there at noon, for the Merchants of London. It required some firmness, how¬ 
 ever, to bear the change; for instead of the crowded Halls of Liverpool, Man¬ 
 chester, Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, and the enthusiastic plaudits of their 
 brilliant and elegant assemblies, here was a frigid, as well as a small audi¬ 
 ence of nineteen individuals, and though upwards of 1001. had been expended 
 in advertising in all the London papers, in printing large and small bills, 
 sending invitations by messengers, and every other device that could be 
 thought of, the audience never exceeded fifty, during all the week that it 
 continued 1 Nevertheless, the few who did attend, were at the end as loud 
 
Lectures in London. 
 
 rhore won my esteem by the intrepidity with which he has entered-on his new career— 
 by the liberal principles he illustrates -as well as propounds—by his exposures of the 
 evils of that commercial monopoly which India and Britain alike deplore—and by the 
 solicitude he displays, that commerce, wealth, knowledge, freedom, religion, and happi¬ 
 ness, should far more widely prevail. Therefore, mainly, I repeat, do I second this 
 proposition; and as a patriot, a philanthropist, and a Christian, must wish him success.” ’ 
 
 Though somewhat discouraged by the slight attendance at the City of London 
 Tavern, yet considering the influence of-the East India Company in this, 
 their strong hold; and considering also how much the merchants of London 
 generally are impressed with an idea that the abolition of the monopoly, though 
 beneficial to the country at large, would take away a large portion of what is 
 now the exclusive privilege of their single port, I was not so much surprised. 
 What did, however, I confess, somewhat astonish me, notwithstanding my 
 experience of the London press, was the fact, that scarcely any assistance was 
 rendered to the cause by that powerful instrument here, but that on the con¬ 
 trary, not a line, by way even of announcing the time and place of delivery, 
 could be inserted in the principal papers of the day without payment ; while no 
 report or mention of the lectures was in any case gratuitously undertaken, as 
 is usual in similar cases. I need not attempt to divine the cause of this: it is 
 sufficient for me to record the fact, and to express tile confident assurance, that 
 when the tide of popular opinion is strongly set in favour of the views I advo¬ 
 cate, the London Press will then be as loud in their advocacy of them, as 
 they were now silent; their almost uniform practice being, not to direct public 
 opinion into right channels, which, with their vast power it would be so easy, 
 by some sacrifice of popularity and profit, to do; but to find out in what 
 directions that public opinion runs, and then t o follow it as the easiest and 
 most popular career. I am aware of the consequences of avowing this; but I 
 conscientiously believe it to be true; and therefore I have no scruple in de¬ 
 claring it, and bearing the evil that may follow. 
 
 Supposing it possible, however, that the apathy or hostility evinced in the 
 City might not extend to other parts of the Metropolis, I remained in town 
 for the purpose of repeating the effort again; and between April and June, I 
 delivered no less than seven distinct courses, of seven Lectures each, in Seven 
 different places;—the first was in the City of London Tavern, Bishopsgate 
 Street; the second in Freemason’s Hall, Great Queen Street; the third at 
 Almaek’s Ball Room, St. James’s Square; the fourth at the City Concert 
 Rooms, Finsbury Circus; the fifth at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand; 
 the sixth at the King’s Concert Room of the Italian Opera House; and the 
 seventh at the British Coffee House, Charing Cross. Every hour of the day 
 and evening was tried in succession , from one o’clock till eight: and every 
 day in the week had its chance; but, though no expence was spared to excite 
 public attention, scarcely any one audience at either of the places named 
 exceeded 100 persons, and very frequently they were under 25; on one 
 occasion only 15, and on another only 7 attended! The result was, that 
 upon the whole of the London Courses, a sum of about 350/. was lost, in actual 
 expences incurred and paid beyond the receipts; without accounting the time, 
 labour, anxiety, and disappointment, which twice that amount of gain would 
 very inadequately repay.* 
 
 ncy 4mith (who'has'^EenT'perlfaps^mme of the^^ternW^orld than any other officer in the 
 British Navy), with the ladiesof his family. At the close of them, he sought an introduction 
 
20 ’ Appointment of Deputies.' 
 
 Another circumstance which added greatly to my mortification was this 
 that in consequence of the exclusive attention which I had given to this under¬ 
 taking since January last, and the consequent abandonment of my publica¬ 
 tions to the management of other hands, they had so declined in sale, and all 
 my business concerns had become so deranged, that I was placed in this unfor¬ 
 tunate dilemma; being compelled to choose whether I would relinquish the 
 plan I bad marked out for rousing the Country on the state of our Eastern pos¬ 
 sessions by those personal exertions, and by returning to my publications restore 
 them again to the state in which they were when I first left them to the manage- . 
 ment of other hands; or whether I would abandon them altogether as matters 
 of property, and by one effort make the requisite sacrifice, and continue steadily 
 to prosecute to the end what I had at so much hazard begun. It was a hard 
 ■struggle between the private claims of my familyj and the duty which I con¬ 
 ceived I had taken on myself to discharge to the public; but the latter con¬ 
 quered. I gave up all hope of the benefits which these publications had already 
 realized, and which might, by my return to their management, and relinquish¬ 
 ment of my tour, have been permanently secured: and winding up my affairs, by 
 a transfer of some portion of the property, and a sale of the remainder, I retired 
 from it with a loss of more than 2,500/., bestowed on two of the publications alone, 
 the Sphynx and Athenxum —and a loss of at least 1,500/. more, on the leases, 
 stock and materials, engaged in their establishment. I mention these particulars, 
 not for the purpose of attaching more importance to them than they really de¬ 
 serve, but chiefly as an answer to the ever-ready accusation, and often-repeated 
 calumny, that self interest and individual benefit are the sole motives by which 
 I have been actuated in the course I have undertaken; while to those who say 
 that, in addition to these motives, my opposition to the India Company has been 
 created solely by my having received injury at their hands, I need only reply, 
 that I opposed the system of Despotism and Monopoly in India, long before I 
 had ever received such injury; that I was, in short, removed from that country, 
 because of my opposition to the system by which it is ruled ; which is a very 
 different thing from opposing thatsystem, because of my removal. Mi/ opinions 
 respecting the East and its rulers, have never changed, and if the Government 
 of that Country, because of my conscientious opposition to their system there, 
 thought proper to remove me from that scene of action, and to plant me herein 
 England, which is their act and not mine, I should be wanting in every right 
 feeling as an Englishman, if I did not avail myself of that change, to speak 
 freely and openly to my countrymen here, that which I was scarcely permitted 
 to breathe in stifled whispers there. My motives are known only to God and 
 to myself, and I am satisfied with their purity. The facts and arguments I 
 may advance, are fair and legitimate objects of critical examination, and to 
 that I am always willing to submit; but if those who advocate Despotism and 
 Monopoly claim for themselves unexceptionable motives and conscious in¬ 
 tegrity, I can conceive no good reason why those who advocate Freedom and 
 fair and open Trade should not be equally entitled to credit for the sincerity 
 of their motives and the integrity of their intentions also. 
 
 In consequence of the Lectures delivered in the several Provincial Towns 
 before named, and almost immediately succeeding them, Public Meetings were 
 held in each, and Resolutions entered into for following up what had been 
 already so auspiciously begun, by more active measures to promote the opening 
 of India and China to free intercourse and trade. One of these measures was 
 the appointment of Deputies from the several Towns alluded to, to repair to 
 London, and there, in conjunction with Mr. Woolryche Whitmore, the Member 
 for Bridgenorth, who had given notice of his intention to move for a Committee 
 of Enquiry into the state of the Trade between Great Britain, India, and China, 
 aiid with whom I had been in frequent correspondence and conference on this 
 
Proceedings oj Deputies. ' 21 
 
 subject, and with Mr. John Crawfurd, formerly in the service of the East India 
 Company, and since constituted or deputed by the Merchants of Calcutta, as 
 their Agent in England, to confer with Ministers on the steps necessary to be 
 taken, for effecting their object. When the Deputies arrived in town, consist¬ 
 ing of about twenty-five of the most .eminent merchants and official authorities 
 of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Bristol, and Glasgow, I had 
 a meeting with them at their-Hotel in St. James’s, and after some deliberation 
 as to the propriety of associating me in their proceedings, it was thought pru¬ 
 dent that the Deputation to wait upon the Ministers, should consist only of the 
 Gentlemen appointed by their respective Towns; Mr. Whitmore, as the 
 Member of Parliament who had given notice of a motion on the question; and 
 Mr. Crawfurd, who came as the Agent of the Merchants of Bengal. This 
 arrangement, excluding me from all participation in the public proceedings of 
 the Deputation, was alleged to be made in deference to the scruples of some 
 of the Members of it, who were not unwilling to have the full benefit of all the 
 aid that I could render to their cause, in a separate or individual capacity; 
 who were willing .to admit that the public meetings which had led to their 
 appointment and journey to town, owed their very existence, this year at 
 least, (with the one exception only, that of Glasgow, and eveti(this followed 
 closely in the train of Liverpool and Manchester), to the Lectures I had de¬ 
 livered in each, and to the excitement of the public mind, and through its best 
 organ, the public press, by the discussion of the facts and arguments ad¬ 
 vanced in them; but who were yet unwilling to permit such an instrument to 
 share with them any part of the public credit, or public importance attached to 
 their mission, because he did not happen to be deputed by any particular 
 persons, or particular town! The reasoning of this, to say the least of it, was 
 singular; but the excuse for any apparent defect in the logic of the determina¬ 
 tion is, that it was a matter of feeling and not of judgement. This feeling was 
 an unwillingness to admit that a large town could be moved by an individual, 
 and that individual a stranger; a sort of jealousy, lest the municipal reputation 
 for public spirit and alacrity should be tarnished by the fact that they were 
 quickened in their exertions, and accelerated in their movements, by one who 
 came from without, and who formed no part of their municipal body. Such a 
 notion is purely English, and has no parallel in any other country with which 
 I am acquainted. An Arab, or a Turk, for instance, barbarians as we deem 
 them, will not only adopt any good measure that a stranger may recommend, 
 but be ready to give such stranger the full credit and full honour due to him. 
 for his suggestion. In England, however, though civilization is much farther 
 advanced than in Arabia or Turkey, the notion of being indebted to a foreigner, 
 or of being led by a stranger, is repulsive; and accordingly the number of fol¬ 
 lowers in any particular path is not dependant on the excellence of the object 
 to which it leads, or the fitness of the means by which it may be attained, so 
 much as on the name, rank, station, and even fashion, of the person who points 
 it out. It is thus that in England principles are of much less weight with the 
 multitude than names; and I believe it is the only country on the globe where 
 men professedly of wealth, education, and high character, will condescend to 
 avail themselves of the information, skill, labour, and even self-devotion of 
 others, as long as these shall be calculated to promote the object they have in 
 view: and yet, when the question of reward and reputation comes to be con¬ 
 sidered, will disdain all participation with the very instrument that has chiefly 
 effected the accomplishment of their wishes, and cast him off as of no further 
 use, when their end is attained. This has been the case with almost all the 
 individual advocates of great public measures in England, and it might, per¬ 
 haps, be added, in the Colonies and Dependencies of England also, where the 
 offspring has imbibed at least that defect of the mother country, to its full 
 
22 Pledges of Ministers. 
 
 extent; and therefore, not expecting to find myself an exception to the general 
 rule, I was not to he discouraged from persevering in the course I had laid 
 down, from higher motives, I hope, than'the mere love of popular applause, 
 by the truly national spirit evinced in this determination. I accordingly con¬ 
 tinued my private interviews with the Deputies, and laboured as zealously 
 within their circle and without it, as if I had been their leader, or public 
 associate. 
 
 This disclaimer of participation was first indirectly attempted in the speech 
 of Mr. Samuel Hope, the Banker, at Liverpool, in the following paragraph:— 
 
 ‘ He begged leave to correct a very general error with respect to that meeting. An 
 opinion prevailed that the efforts they were now making were immediately owing to 
 the exertions of Mr. Buckingham, during the course of lectures which he recently deli¬ 
 vered in this town. The gentlemen who attended those lectures must feel themselves 
 under deep obligations to Mr. Buckingham, for the talent and amenity of temper with 
 which they were delivered. ( Load applause.) He certainly succeeded in diffusing a 
 mass of most valuable information, in amannerwhich did the highest credit to himself; 
 (applause;) but, though it was not generally known, there existed, long antecedent to 
 that period, a conviction that some measures should be adopted with a view to the 
 great object they).were nnwmet to consider. They owed a large debt of gratitude to his 
 Worship, the Mayor, for the manner in which he came forward at the conclusion of 
 those lectures, (great applause,) and, without sheltering himself under the restrictive 
 dignity of his office, too generally supposed to be inseparable from those walls, ( great 
 applause,) in his character of an English merchant, returned thanks to Mr. Buckingham 
 for the information thus afforded to him and his fellow-townsmen. ( Redoubled ap¬ 
 plause.) ’—Liverpool Mercury, Jan. 30. 
 
 To this, the following reply, from the pen of another Liverpool merchant, 
 Mr. William Rathboue, was given in the papers of the day:— 
 
 * To Samuel Hope, Esq. 
 
 ' Sir, — I am very unwilling to fritter away strength in discussing with whom mea¬ 
 sures originate, when all our strength will be required to carry the measures themselves. 
 Yet I cannot permit an assertion of yours, in your speech on the India question, to be 
 left upon record without attempting its refutation. In that speech you contend that 
 Mr. Buckingham’s Lectures were not the immediate cause of the public meeting here. 
 I venture. Sir, to differ with you in opinion, and to think that we owe the suggestion of 
 having a public meeting at this time entirely to Mr. Buckingham. Had Mr. Bucking¬ 
 ham not found the pile, he might have applied the torch in vain, there would have 
 been no fire. Nor is it any disparagement of the zeal of the Liverpool merchants, that 
 the additional facts he communicated to the crowded audiences he drew to his instruc¬ 
 tive lectures, and of which even they were ignorant, should have called their attention 
 more immediately to the subject. The Liverpool merchants have already given proof 
 of their continued attention to the subject from the year 1792 to the present time, and 
 will, I trust, give still further proof how much they are in earnest to promote their own 
 interest and that of the country. In the mean time, I feel no hesitation (and 1 believe 
 it to be a very general impression) in admitting my obligations to Mr. Buckingham 
 for the increased interest he has given to the subject, for the important facts he has. 
 communicated verbally and through “ The Oriental Herald,” and for the assistance he 
 has afforded in leading the merchants to think of a public meeting at this time, thereby 
 producing an effect which will, I hope, end in serving every man, however humble his 
 station, in the kingdom, and will call down blessings on our heads from millions of 
 our brethren in the East. 1 remain, Sir, your’s respectfully, W. R.’ 
 
 The interview which the Deputies from the country had with the First Lord 
 of the Treasury and the President of the Board of Trade, led to the promise 
 that every attention should be paid to their representations, and a conventional 
 pledge, that if they would consent to waive all pressure of the subject on the 
 attention of Parliament, for the present session, a Committee should emanate 
 from their (the ministerial) side of the house, early in the next; and in the 
 interval, such documents as were calculated to elucidate the subject in the way 
 
Difficulties experienced. 2S 
 
 of evidence, should he laid on the tables of both houses, for the information of 
 their members. 
 
 On this understanding, the motion of Mr. Whitmore, for a Committee of 
 Enquiry, was brought forward on the 14th of May, and after a Debate of some 
 length, (which was reported in full, with copious notes on the statements of 
 the several speakers, in the Oriental Herald of June), * the pledge giveq 
 by the President of the Board of Trade, to the Deputies, in their interview, 
 was publicly repeated in parliament, on which Mr. Whitmore withdrew his 
 motion, and thus, for the session at least, all public proceedings on the question, 
 in either House, were suspended. 
 
 After the rising of parliament, when the Deputies repaired to their several 
 homes, and when London began to be, in the fashionable phrase, ‘ empty,’ 
 I prepared for a second Tour through the country, in prosecution of the plan 
 marked'out, and partly executed in the beginning of the year; being now 
 determined to take.the circle of Scotland and the North of England first, and 
 then return southward in the winter. This was not to be accomplished, how¬ 
 ever, without some sacrifices, and considerable difficulty. The constituted 
 Agent of the Merchants of Bengal, though retired from the East India Com¬ 
 pany’s Service with a provision "and a fortune—t yth justly and honourably 
 earned by services of corresponding value—had not merely his expences 
 paid, but a salary of 1500/. a year allowed him for his labours. The Deputies 
 from the several towns, though all wealthy merchants, had their charges also 
 paid from a fund raised by subscription in the respective towns from which 
 they came; and to them, therefore, the movements and measures in which they 
 were engaged, were comparatively easy. For myself, however, I was very 
 differently situated. Being the ‘ representative’, only of the opinions entertained 
 and advocated by myself for the last ten years of my life; and having, instead 
 of being rewarded with wealth, been visited with all the sufferings and losses 
 already adverted to, as a punishment for the crime of persisting in maintaining 
 them; having, also, since my return to England, been subjected to various 
 other embarrassments arising out of my present pursuits; looked coldly on by 
 the London Press, and by the Country Deputies, from a similar feeling of 
 jealousy and exclusiveness, which appears to haye been the acting cause in 
 both, my abandonment of the publications before described, and the losses 
 incurred by the seven courses of Lectures in town, occasioned my difficulties 
 so to increase, that I was twice arrested, during their progress, and once at the 
 door of the Lecture Room itself, at the instigation, as I have reason to be¬ 
 lieve, of parties wishing to increase rather than lessen my difficulties, from 
 hostility to my public views. This compelled me to receive back from the 
 Liverpool Committee the sum I had originally given them as the foundation 
 of the public fund for carrying on the measures contemplated, and which, 
 even from the first, there had been a great reluctance on the part of those 
 who wished to keep aloof from “ connection with any individual ” to re¬ 
 ceive. This repayment, did not, however, take place, until after the de¬ 
 termination of the Committee to exclude me from all participation in their 
 public proceedings : and on that ground alone did I feel justified in receiving 
 back a contribution, which, having been in the first instance voluntarily 
 tendered, and apparently as cordially received, could not with satisfaction 
 to either party, remain on its originally intended footing, after the one had 
 shewn such reluctance to he publicly associated with the other, in pursuing 
 the object privately desired by both. This, however, was quite insufficient of 
 
 • This method of attaching notes to the speeches made in debates at the India House, in 
 Parliament, and at public meetings on Indian Affairs, has been uniformly observed in. the 
 Oriental Herald, correcting errors and^putting down fallacies as^ttiey eccur, and constitutes 
 
 Parliament as they appear in the papers of the day, it would be of the highest value to the 
 
24 Preparation for Second Tour. 
 
 itself to relieve me from the difficulties by which I was on all sides pressed, 
 and among which may be numbered the defalcation and disappearance of a 
 confidential agent or publisher, (during an illness—quinzied sore throat—con¬ 
 tracted by the cold drafts of the stage at the King’s Theatre, while delivering 
 the Lectures there, which kept me speechless for many days, and from which 
 my recovery was for some time despaired of), with a deficiency of nearly 
 1000/. in acceptances and monies due. Subsequent to, and in consequence of 
 this defalcation, about half the sum, 5001. was obtained from this person’s 
 securities, in their acceptances to that amount—but spread over five years of 
 time! so that for all available purposes the whole amount was lost; and a 
 part of the deficiencies being for money due by the agent to the Stamp 
 Office for duties on the publications issued by him, and which had been 
 rendered to me in account as actually paid ;the Stamp Solicitor having his op¬ 
 tion to seize upon myself or the publisher, issued his writ of execution, and would 
 only be satisfied with the payment of the amount, (about 200/.) in cash. In 
 this dilemma, and with other accounts of charges for printing, advertising, and 
 rooms, connected with the London Lectures, still due, and pressing for imme¬ 
 diate payment; haying learnt from the Agent of the Merchants of Bengal, that 
 in addition to his salary of 1500/. a year, he had had a sum of 1200/. placed 
 at his disposal for general purposes in aid of the cause, I applied to him for a 
 temporary loan, or assistance from that fund, towards the expences actually 
 incurred in the endeavours to excite public attention, and to enlist public 
 feeling in favour of the Free Trade to India and China, in London; but it was 
 declined. I made a similar application to various parties in the country who 
 had taken a lead in this matter, and who, from their wealth and station might 
 have rendered all the aid required, without feeling the slightest inconvenience. 
 To almost all these applications, I received for answer, an abundance of com¬ 
 mendation, great encouragement to proceed—as far as words could give 
 encouragement—and regret that no public fiind was yet provided, from which 
 the assistance required could be furnished: but the only instances in which 
 any thing more than complimentary expressions, and good wishes were offered 
 towards the execution of my object, were in the case of two gentlemen of 
 Liverpool, two of Leeds, and one of Birmingham, in all, 5 individuals, (out 
 of at least 500 that were addressed on the subject), whose joint contribu¬ 
 tions amounted to 250/.. With this, and the appropriation of the addi¬ 
 tional means that my own resources afforded me, I was enabled to make such 
 provisional arrangements as to admit of my leaving London, free from the 
 danger of further arrest, to prosecute my Tour in the country, for which pur¬ 
 pose, however, I was enabled to reserve only 10/. with which I left home for 
 Scotland, trusting to the issue of my visit there, for means to proceed further 
 in the cause. I mention these details for two reasons: First, to shew that I 
 have never been employed by any Association, or Public Body in England, to 
 execute any purpose of theirs; nor received the least assistance from the Agent 
 of the Merchants of Bengal, or any other parties deputed from India, to forward 
 any designs of theirs; as has been continually asserted by the opponents of 
 Free Trade; and that even the slight assistance rendered by private individuals 
 who were favourable to the object, was confined to five in number only, and 
 bore but a very small proportion in amount to that which I had actually lost and 
 expended from my own funds alone, during the six months that had elapsed 
 since I entered on the task. And secondly, to shew that, so far from private 
 gain or personal advantage being the only motive which impelled me to 
 the undertaking, as asserted by others, there was no evil of a pecuniary nature 
 that I was not willing to encounter rather than abandon my pursuit, and no 
 personal inconvenience that could induce me to turn aside from the course I 
 had laid down, in which I was determined, as long as life, strength, and 
 means were spared to me, to persevere. 
 
Lectures in Edinburgh. 
 
 25 
 
 . EDINBURGH. 
 
 I arrived in Edinburgh on the 10th of July, and announced the delivery 
 of my first Lecture at the Hopetoun Rooms in Queen-street. It was attended 
 by 170 persons, of the highest respectability, who expressed their approbation 
 in so marked a manner, as to give a sure earnest of increasing interest in the 
 subject. On the succeeding evenings, the audience so increased in numbers, 
 that the Rooms were insufficient to contain them; and we .accordingly removed, 
 first to the Assembly Room in George’s Street, and afterwards to the Great 
 Room at the Waterloo Hotel, where, at the concluding Lecture, the audience 
 was nearly 500 in number, and the demonstrations of feeling more marked, 
 than had been witnessed in the capital of Scotland for a considerable period of 
 time. This was the more remarkable,. as it happened at a period of the year 
 when the Colleges and Courts were vacant; when the principal families had 
 gone to their seats, or the watering places; and when, in the usual phrase, the 
 town was at the dullest Doint of the vear. The few following extracts from the 
 
and the condition of the population of 
 owded audience than any that has yet 
 liis important subject with such varied 
 for the space of nearly four hours he 
 y new appearance which Mr. Bucking- 
 impressions of his great and original 
 ner exertions. He was animated ap- 
 e; and he rose at times to the highest 
 
 vened the dry details of argument in a 
 
Lectures in Aberdeen. 29 
 
 and instruction so happily combined. He was occasionally quite dramatic in his 
 statements, and the delight of his audience, testified by frequent plaudits, seemed to 
 react upon him, and to inspire him with new energy. He improved in fluency and 
 ardour, and presented every topic upon which he touched in a new and more striking 
 aspect, by the force and vivacity of his delineations .’—Edinburgh Evening Caurant, 
 July 23. 
 
 ‘ Mr. Buckingham. —Last night this gentleman gave the first of three supplemen¬ 
 tary lectures on the Eastern World, to an audience consisting of upwards of 500 ladies 
 and gentlemen, among whom we noticed a great many individuals of the highest 
 intelligence and respectability. Mr. Buckingham, while he touched on all the coun¬ 
 tries which he had described in his previous lectures, was careful to avoid repetition, 
 his object in extending his course being rather to supply facts omitted, than to rivet 
 those which he had before communicated. In this attempt he was exceedingly happy 
 —this lecture being fully more diversified, and richer in anecdote, than any of its pre¬ 
 decessors. Mr. Buckingham’s stores of information regarding the East appear to be 
 quite inexhaustible ; and he opens them with a facility exclusively his own, and which 
 makes us regret every time we hear him, the impossibility of doing justice, in a report, 
 to a tythe of the topics which he illuminates .’—Edinburgh Observer, July 24. 
 
 In addition to these unsought eulogies from the public press of Scotland, 
 emanating from nine different papers of all shades in politics, the private 
 hospitalities and friendly attentions with which I was everywhere greeted, by 
 the warm-hearted inhabitants of this beautiful and interesting city, were such 
 as led me to feel myself no longer among strangers, and to bring away with me 
 recollections of pleasure and attachment that I believe I shall carry with me to 
 my grave. It was not to be expected, however, that such a stream of popularity 
 as this would be permitted to flow on entirely without interruption. Accord¬ 
 ingly, during the course of this period, an attack was opened on me, by a writer 
 in one of the newspapers, (the Editor of which, however, had expended his 
 highest eulogy on my character and proceedings), calling himself' A Friend to 
 Dr. Bryce.’ and reviving all the thousand-times-refuted accusations respecting 
 the cases of Bankes, Burckhardt, Bryce, Adam, and others. It was replied to 
 through the same channel, and at last led to the disclosure of the name of the 
 writer, who proved to be Dr. Bryce’s professional Agent, and was therefore 
 labouring in his vocation, and had possibly began to think of the blessings of a 
 ‘ suit at law,’ and all its comfortable emoluments. In this, however, he was 
 defeated, as the mere disclosure of his name, in Edinburgh, where he was well 
 known, was deemed sufficient to deprive his lucubrations of even the little 
 value which, had they continued anonymous, they might still perhaps have 
 retained. 
 
 ABERDEEN. 
 
 From Edinburgh I proceeded to Aberdeen, where the kindness of friends 
 had already prepared the way for me, and where I accordingly met with a most 
 cordial reception. The magnificent Public Rooms of that flourishing town 
 were readily accorded for the delivery of the short course of Lectures which I 
 intended giving there; and of the effect produced by these, the following extracts 
 from the Aberdeen Papers may, perhaps, be deemed sufficient evidence:— 
 
 ' On Monday and yesterday evenings we attended the Lectures of this gentleman in 
 the Banqueting Hall of the Public Rooms, Union-street; both of which, and espe¬ 
 cially the last, was attended by a numerous and highly respectable audience, including 
 many of the principal families of the town and surrounding country. In consequence 
 of a desire expressed by several of the leading members of the community, Mr. Buck¬ 
 ingham gave a Preliminary Lecture, in which he introduced a selection of the most 
 remaikable things contained in his longer Course. 
 
 ‘ It would be difficult to say which of these portions gave the most unmixed satis¬ 
 faction to the audience—they appeared to lie delighted with all; and although the 
 
DUNDEE. 
 
 Dundee was the next place of my visit, and there also the subject had 
 already excited attention. The public authorities of the town evinced their 
 approbation of the undertaking by a visit to me on my arrival; and the effect 
 is thus spoken of in the Journals of Dundee:— 
 
 * Mr. Buckingham.— This celebrated Orientalist commenced his first lecture, yes¬ 
 terday evening in the Thistle Hall, Union-street; and was enthusiastically greeted on 
 his entrance by a numerous and respectable audience. We cannot, at this late hour, 
 even venture upon an outline of his lecture: suffice it to say, that the facts he pro¬ 
 duced were so intensely interesting, and his manner of delivering them so vivid, 
 familiar, and free from any thing like affectation, that not one of his auditors exhibited 
 the least impatience, or left the room till the conclusion—so completely were they 
 riveted by his eloquence for upwards of three hours. To show their respect for the 
 character and talents of Mr. Bucking-ham. and their zeal for the ereat cause which he 
 
should really think that this grievance must be redressed when the Company’s chartei 
 
 ‘ From a notice by Lord William Bentinck, inserted in a former column,it will be observ. 
 ed, that theEastlndiaCompany are beginning to think a little about the improvement ol 
 their dominions. The speedy expiry of their charter is a decisive argument; and they 
 wish, before the question comes to be discussed, to have it to say that they have nol 
 altogether neglected the good of their subjects. That this is not the motive for this 
 tardy act of justice there is little reason to doubt; otherwise, why would such an 
 obvious duty have been so long delayed. This measure is clearly extorted from the 
 fears of the Company, rather than from any overbundant anxiety for the happiness of 
 their subjects. 
 
 ‘ Mr. Buckingham was waited upon at his hotel by the Dean of Guild, the Deputy 
 Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce, Baillie Brown, and several other respectable 
 merchants, by whom he was accompanied to the new Hall in Union-street, and intro¬ 
 duced to his audience, consisting of about 150 of the most respectable people in the 
 place. On Thursdav evening there might be 300 present .’—Dundee Courier, Aug 4. 
 
 GLASGOW. 
 
 From Dundee I passed through Perth, where not more than twenty or thirty 
 persons could be collected to form the first audience; and a further stay there 
 being deemed a loss of time, I proceeded to Glasgow, where I arrived on the 
 2d of August. 
 
 I had before this enjoyed the pleasure of an acquaintance with some of the 
 leading merchants of this large and opulent city, and was now glad to renew 
 my intercourse with them, in the mutual pursuit of an object so eminently 
 beneficial to themselves. On communicating, however, with the East India 
 Association already formed here, the Deputies from which had been in London 
 in May, I found the same spirit of separation and exclusiveness to prevail as 
 
32 Proceedings at Glasgow. 
 
 in London. The leaders in ihis Association were gentlemen who seemed to 
 think it quite possible to carry the measure of opening the Trade to India and 
 China, and entirely to destroy the exclusive Commercial Monopoly, and yet 
 leave the Government of India in the hands of the Eastlndia Company. They 
 were for Free Trade only, but not for Colonization; as if it were possible for 
 the benefits of the one to be fully reaped without the admission of the other; 
 and they were for taking away the trading character of the India Company only, 
 and leaving them all the revenues, patronage, and political power they possess; 
 as if it had not been shewn, beyond all possibility of doubt, that the latter 
 could not be supported by them at all, without the profits derived from their 
 Monopoly on Tea; and that on this issue they must all stand or fall together. 
 In consequence of this imagined ‘ moderation,’ as the parties were pleased to call 
 it, an idea seemed seriously to be entertained by some of them, that it was 
 quite possible to obtain the abolition of the East India Monopoly, and yet do 
 nothing that should in the least degree offend the East India Directors 1 and 
 this temporizing policy was that which the majority of the Glasgow Association 
 adopted. There were some exceptions, however, to this rule; and accordingly 
 although the Body took especial pains to keep itself aloof from all supposed 
 connection with the labours I had undertaken, to effect the end they professedly 
 desired—namely, the opening of the Eastern Trade; yet the excepted indi¬ 
 viduals exerted themselves with great zeal and earnestness to compensate for 
 this luke-warmness, and gave their most cordial support and countenance to 
 the measure in operation. 
 
 The First Lecture was delivered in the Assembly Room of Glasgow, on 
 the 3d of August. It was attended by about eighty persons, who expressed 
 their satisfaction in an enthusiastic manner. The succeeding ones were at¬ 
 tended by increasing audiences every day, and the closing Lecture on the 
 Monopoly and Government of India, produced a more striking impression 
 than in almost any previous instance. The effect may be judged of from the 
 following extracts from the Glasgow papers. 
 
 ‘ The efforts of Mr. Buckingham, since his arrival in this country, to enlighten the 
 public mind on the religion, literature, commerce, &c„ of Oriental countries, and to 
 expose the evils and injustice of monopoly in connection with some of these, afford at 
 the same time a singular and striking proof of its impolicy and absurdity. Who have 
 a British public to thank for the mass of valuable information that has thus been com¬ 
 municated, and for the admirable exposb that has been made of maladministration in 
 the affairs of India 1 It is to' the East India Company themselves, it is to the very 
 intolerance and illiberality of their government that we are indebted for this. For it 
 was the Company and their government who banished this gentleman from India, nay, 
 who sent him in glorious exile back to his native country. What a master stroke of 
 policy was this 1 Was there not another, spot on the face of this wide terraqueous 
 globe, to which this sworn foe to monopoly and oppression might have been banished 1 
 Was there no solitary, no barren rock of the ocean, from which his uplifted hand 
 could not have beseeched release, and from which his lonely voice could 
 never have been heard 1 Why was not the El Dorado of emigration-mania selected as 
 she appropriate residence of the man who had provoked Demetrius, incensed the 
 craftsmen, and attempted to turn the Eastern world upside down 1 But no, even 
 though he had, with bare and bended knee, intreated the choice of any of these alter¬ 
 natives, the boon would not have been conceded—a decree, irrevocable as the laws of 
 the Medes and Persians, has willed it, and home to Britain he must infallibly go. 
 Thus has the champion of anti-monopoly been admitted within the walls of the citadel, 
 and like a wise and skilful tactician, he. is closely following up the advantage.’— Glas¬ 
 gow Chronicle, July 22. 
 
 * Mn. Buckingham. —This distinguished Oriental traveller commenced his Lectures 
 here on Monday last, in the Assembly Rooms, Ingram-street, to a very respectable 
 and highly intelligent audience. Hi? subject on Monday was Egypt, and yesterday 
 Arabia; and we feel assured that we express the sentiments off every one who 
 heard him when we say, that he crowds more information and entertainment into a 
 
which will be found at die end of this narrative. The last Lecture given in 
 Glasgow was on the 20th of August, in a larger room than the former, the 
 Trades' Hall, which was closed by the following proposition, as reported in the 
 papers of the day:— 
 
 ‘ Mr. Buckingham having been 
 
 earnestly pressed to give a developement of his 
 
36 Carlisle and Dumfries. 
 
 great cause, and for his delightful method of conveying information with a view to the 
 promotion of that cause, to the understanding and the heart. 
 
 ‘ The resolution was unanimously carried, amid the acclamation of the meeting. 
 
 ' Mr. Buckingham, evidently much affected at this unexpected demonstration of 
 regard, briefly returned thanks. Whatever might be thought of his talents or capacity, 
 he hoped no one would call in question his ardent zeal in the cause; and which, if it 
 were ever his lot to address another assembly, he hoped would not be found to have 
 Become relaxed in the slightest degree. Supposing it to be possible that he should be 
 compelled to choose between offering up his life as the only sacrifice by which this 
 cause could triumph, or of living in ease and affluence, but yet compelled to witness the 
 continuation of the system, he declared, that though bound to society by the strongest 
 of all possible ties, and having a family, every individual member of which was as dear 
 
 the former course. And he took heaven and earth to witness the sincerity of this vow, 
 that so long as he possessed life, health, and adequate strength and means to maintain 
 this crusade against the despotism and monopoly of the East India Company, nothing 
 should prevail on him to turn aside from so holy a path. All he asked or hoped for 
 was the sympathy and support of his countrymen; and if he had but this, their triumph 
 would be certain and complete .’—Glasgow Chronicle. 
 
 CARLISLE. 
 
 From Glasgow I proceeded to Carlise, where the Assizes happened to he 
 then holding, a circumstance which occasioned many of the Country Gentlemen 
 to be present, and of whose attendance I was glad to avail myself. The Lec¬ 
 tures there were confined to the subject of the East India Monopoly only, as 
 the time of my engagements at other places prevented my staying longer; but 
 they were attended with all the good that could be wished, and ended in the 
 passing of Resolutions, for the formation of an East India Association, which 
 received the support of the principal inhabitants of the town. The following 
 was the report given in the papers of the town, of the termination of this 
 
 ‘At the close of Mr. Buckingham’s last Lecture on the East India and China Mono¬ 
 poly, delivered at Carlisle, on the 26th of August, to a highly respectable audience, 
 including a great number of the county gentlemen, who had been attending • on the 
 assizes, it was moved by John Dixon, Esq., seconded by William Halton, Esq., and 
 carried by acclamation: 
 
 ‘ “ That the cordial thanks of this meeting be tendered to Mr. Buckingham, for the 
 able and agreeable manner in which he has opened to us the vast fund of his informa¬ 
 tion respecting the trade with India and China; and that we offer him our best wishes 
 for his health and continued success in the great cause which he is so effectually advo- 
 
 DUMFRIES. 
 
 Dumfries was the next place that I visited ; but there, partly from the ex¬ 
 treme severity of the weather, the country being then deluged with rain, aud 
 partly, perhaps, from the existence of an old East India Interest in that quarter 
 of Scotland, the Lectures were but thinly attended, and led to no immediate 
 results. In this corner of the island, where I had not expected to meet a. 
 single creature that I had ever seen before, I was agreeably surprised, when 
 on a visit to the venerable widow of the Poet Burns, to meet with an individual 
 whom I had seen before at Ispahan, the capital of Persia, where we had passed 
 some days together, and with another gentleman whom I had before conveyed 
 as a passenger in my ship in India, from Bombay to the Coast of Malabar. 
 
 GREENOCK. 
 
 I proceeded from hence to Greenock, and if I were 
 
 s called on to name any 
 
Dinner at Greenock. 
 
 one place where the interest in the subject of my visit was more lively and v 
 than in another, I should certainly name this. Nothing could exceed the : 
 and even fervour of the inhabitants, including all classesthe following 
 tracts from the Greenock paper will explain the rest:— 
 
 ‘ Mr. Buckingham. —This gentleman concluded his course of Lectures on the 1 
 and China Monopoly, and the discussion of the important question, ‘ What will be 
 with India?’ on Wednesday evening. He was atlended throughout by the mot 
 spectable inhabitants of Greenock, Port-Glasgow, and the neighbouring wati 
 places, who testified their high sense of his important labours, by loud and rent 
 cheerings. It gives us pleasure to announce to our readers, that he has complied 
 the earnest wish of several ladies and gentlemen, to deliver his lecture on Pale 
 and its holy places, this evening, in the Assembly Rooms, at seven o’clock. 
 Journals speak in the most unqualified manner of the deep interest which is excite 
 his description of the Holy Land, and the impression which it leaves on the min 
 his audience; and if he enter upon this lofty and arduous subject with his usual 
 plicity, distinctness, and energy, it cannot fail to be listened to with breathless a 
 tion, embracing, as it does, a description of Tyre, Sidon, Jerusalem, and the Mou 
 Olives, the tomb of our Saviour, and the various worshippers who resort to it 
 Land of Uz, and the valley of Jehosaphat; the seas, lakes, rivers, and plains; 
 the manners, religion, population, and government of the people. These, with 1 
 illustrations of Scripture—particularly of passages difficult to comprehend, but v 
 
him, the Christian world cannot but aid him with their prayers, for the successful 
 issue of his crusade; for a wider field never was opened for Christian benevolence than 
 will be opened at the expiration, we trust, of the present charter .’—Greenock Advertiser, 
 Sept. 8. 
 
 From Greenock I returned through Glasgow to Edinburgh, and there gave a 
 concluding Lecture on the question ‘ What is to be done with India V which 
 was attended by an audience of about 500 persons, and a large number went 
 away, from inability to obtain seats. It was most enthusiastically received, 
 and ended by a vote of thanks being moved by Mr, Baillie Spittal, and 
 seconded by Mr. J. Macfarlane, thus closing my labours in Scotland for the 
 year. I had visited Paisley and Leith; but the one of these was so near to 
 Glasgow, and the other to Edinburgh, that the majority of the inhabitants who 
 felt an interest in the question bad attended the Lectures at the larger places; 
 but it might be safely said, on the whole, that not less than 20,000 different 
 individuals had been hearers of these Lectures in Scotland, while, from the con¬ 
 tinued agitation of the subject in' the newspapers of the country, there could 
 scarcely have been an individual capable of reading, to whom the question had 
 not become one of almost unavoidable interest. 
 
 SCARBOROUGH. 
 
 I left Edinburgh for Scarborough, in the Steam Packet, hoping to find 
 there an assemblage of Members of Parliament, and wealthy families, for which 
 it is a favourite summer retreat. The experiment was, however, so unfavour¬ 
 able, from the intervention of the Doncaster Race week, which had drawn off 
 nearly all the company, that not more than 30 persons attended. At the sug¬ 
 gestion of some of these few, who expressed, great pleasure at what they had 
 heard, the conclusion of the Course was postponed for ten days, and in the 
 mean time, I proceeded to Whitby. 
 
 WHITBY. 
 
 Mr arrival at this place was just at the period of Mr. Sadler, the Member 
 for. Newark, having visited it, and dinedWith the principal shipowners, on 
 which occasion he delivered a speech, replete with denunciations of Mr. 
 Huskisson, the free trade policy, and all its abettors. This was preceded by a 
 letter, written by an intelligent magistrate of that town, who had been himself a 
 shipowner, in praise of Mr. Huskisson’s system, and published in the Liverpool 
 .Times. The circumstances arising out of this may be best understood by the 
 following extract from the York Courant of the date referred to:— 
 
 ‘ In our last, we stated, that the celebrated Orientalist, Mr. Buckingham, was about 
 •to deliver a series of Lectures at Whitby, in the course of which he would undertake 
 to show the fallacy of Mr. Sadler’s views respecting the shipping interest. These lec¬ 
 tures have, we are assured, had an effect upon the minds of his enlightened and re¬ 
 spectable auditories, which is calculated to unsettle their faith in Mr. Sadler’s politics. 
 
ited with a speech on the shipping interests byi 
 line years of age, who commanded a ship beioi 
 ted almost every part of the globe, by sea and lan 
 
42 Stockton, Darlington, and Newcastle. 
 
 towards Newcastle, visiting Stockton and Darlington in the way, and returning from 
 Newcastle through Durham to York. The communications from Whitby speak of the 
 continually increasing interest excited on the East India Question; and state, that 
 already the formation of an East India Association, in Whitby, is preparing to co¬ 
 operate with the other sea-ports and towns of the kingdom, in their efforts to prevent a 
 renewal of the East India Company’s India and China monopoly .’—York Herald, 
 
 At the close of the last Lecture at Whitby, Resolutions were moved, seconded, 
 and carried, without a single dissentient voice, for the formation of an East 
 India Association, to oppose the existing Monopoly, and open India and 
 China to British enterprise, so that the triumph of the friends of liberal prin¬ 
 ciples was complete. 
 
 From Whitby I proceeded to Stockton and Darlington, in Durham, and 
 thence to Newcastle, Sunderland, and Shields. 
 
 STOCKTON. 
 
 At this place my first audience consisted of 15 persons only, and 13 of 
 these'were of one family; they gradually increased, however, every evening, 
 and at last amounted to 260, which, with reference to the.size and population 
 of the town, was larger than an audience of 50,000 in London, where more 
 than 100 persons had never yet been collected to attend a discourse on the 
 same subject! The spirit evinced, too, was one of cordial co-operation in the 
 measures proposed, for effecting a change in the existing system of intercourse 
 between this country and India. 
 
 DARLINGTON. 
 
 At. Darlington, where a large portion of the principal inhabitants are of the 
 Society of Friends, the 1 commencement was more auspicious, the number 
 of the first audience being 70, and going on increasing gradually to 280. 
 The principal difficulty here, indeed, was to obtain a room large enough to 
 accommodate the auditors; and some obstructions were experienced in that 
 particular, not very commendable to the individual (for it was from one person 
 only that the objection came) who so injudiciously, but happily ineffectually, 
 endeavoured to discourage, or, at least, to inconvenience, those who gave the 
 cause their presence and support. The result in both these small towns was 
 such as to justify the belief that there is scarcely even a village in the king¬ 
 dom in which there is not now sufficient of intelligence to perceive the evils, 
 of virtue to feel indignant at the vices, and of public spirit to oppose the 
 further progress of the mischiefs, arising out of the present system of governing 
 India, provided they could be made acquainted with the facts by means of 
 such personal visits among them as this. 
 
 NEWCASTLE. 
 
 . At Newcastle, the great Metropolis of the North, still greater success awaited 
 my labours. The Lectures were there commenced in the small Assembly 
 Room, and were attended at the first by about 100 hearers. These, however, 
 increased nightly, with such rapidity, that we were obliged to go from the 
 apartment first selected, to the large Assembly Room, which has no superior 
 for size and proportions out of London; and on the last night, even that was 
 found but .barely sufficient to accommodate comfortably an audience of nearly 
 .600 persons. ; The impression made by the whole Course was evidently of the 
 most favourable description; and the last, that on the Monopoly of the East 
 India Company, was deemed so important, that, at the request of a great num¬ 
 ber of the leading individuals of the town, it was repeated in the Theatre of 
 Newcastle, which, on that occasion, contained an audience of more than 700 
 individuals, and among these, were included some of the principal families of 
 the surrounding country, as well as all the leading inhabitants of the town. 
 
Sunderland ,' Shields , and Return to London. 
 
 43 
 
 SUNDERLAND AND SHIELDS. 
 
 At Shields and Sunderland the effect was quite as powerful, in proportion to 
 their population, as at Newcastle; and at each, a change of room became 
 necessary to accommodate the constantly increasing number of the attendants. 
 
 At each place, too, the private hospitalities of which I was made a welcome 
 participator, were such as to shew, that great private, or individual interest, 
 was felt in the instrument of the cause, as well'as great public zeal experienced 
 in desiring to promote its success. At all the five places last named, being 
 within a short distance of each other, public meetings were held after the Lec¬ 
 tures were closed ; public thanks voted to me for .my labours in each ; public 
 resolutions passed, and public Associations formed, for prosecuting with 
 vigour, such measures as might be deemed best calculated to secure the object 
 
 RETURN TO LONDON. 
 
 After having been thus instrumental in exciting this spirit through so wide 
 a range of country, from London in the South, to Aberdeen in the North, and 
 from Bristol, Liverpool, and Carlisle, in the West, to Newcastle, Sunderland, 
 and Shields, in the East, with many of the great cities and towns lying between 
 these wide extremes;—after having been absent from my home for nearly six 
 months in continuityand during the whole of that period (with one single 
 interruption arising from a second attack of quinsey at Glasgow) having given 
 at least one Lecture every day , (Sundays alone excepted); sometimes two, and 
 on one occasion three, at three different places; occupying never less than two 
 hours, frequently three, and on some occasions four, and even five it^he 
 delivery;—having never suffered even journeying to prevent this daily labour, 
 frequently travelling 70 or 80 miles in the morning, and addressing a crowded 
 assembly on the evening of the same day;—and in addition to this, profiting 
 by every occasion that presented itself, whether at a. Masonic procession, a 
 festive entertainment, or a social private party ; at a missionary meeting, in a 
 theatre, or at a public ball—wherever and whenever the opportunity offered, 
 to make it a medium through which to enlist the sympathies, and at which to 
 obtain the pledges ofindividuals, in behalf of the cause;—after all this, I returned 
 to town, and rejoined my own domestic circle, in the month of December 1829. 
 
 In reflecting on the great pleasure that I received from the .private hospi¬ 
 talities and friendly attentions lavished upon me during this ;Tqur, I feel it 
 difficult to express in adequate terms my sense of so much unmerited honour, 
 aud quite as difficult to say in what quarter of the island I found myself most 
 completely at home. A hundred names at least occur to me, as those of bosom 
 friends, a thousand as those of most agreeable and cordial acquaintances, . 
 (indeed their very number prevents enumeration of them in detail); and 
 independently of all the public good which I hope and believe will be achieved 
 by the labours of the past year, 1 would not exchange the private and individual 
 happiness which I derive from the pleasurable recollections it affords, for that 
 of any single year of my existence. 
 
 ADDRESSES.' 
 
 As a close to this Narrative, I subjoin the several addresses, which, in the 
 course of my last journey I had occasion to make, including that delivered at 
 the Meeting of the Bible Society at Whitby,—the Reply to Mr. Sadler’s Speech 
 on the Shipping Interests, made at a public dinner at the same place,—die 
 Address to the Masonic Body, on laying the foundation stone of a Bridge 
 across the Clyde,—the Speech at the Opening of the Royal Exchange at 
 Glasgow,—aud the Letter to the Ladies of Northumberland after the Ball at 
 
44 Speech delivered at the Meeting 
 
 Newcastle,—each of which will tend to confirm the assertion previously made, 
 that on every occasion that presented itself, I was ready to turn it to the best 
 account, as a medium for enlisting the sympathies of the British public of every 
 rank, class, or sect, in favour of the great cause of Indian Improvement., 
 REPORT OE THE SPEECH 
 
 Delivered at the Eleventh Anniversary of the Whitby Auxiliary Bible Society, on Friday, 
 
spond exactly with the description 
 herds that sleep” while the fold is 
 the citadel is invaded# 
 
 till. At Ur of the Chaldees, the 
 
to close upon the remains of all that the earth held dear in her estima. 
 nay also ask, can there be among us, that does not equally honour thi 
 rgin, wife, or widow, whose strongest feeling, next to devotion, is he 
 ied reputation, who could not bear the thought of sustaining existenci 
 onourably, and who would rather die a thousand deaths, than live ti 
 
48 Speech delivered at the Meelin 
 
 hunters, under the name of Pundas and Purharees, whose es 
 abroad all over the country, and traverse it in every directir 
 for the purpose of bringing them in companies to Juggeri 
 motive of superstition should be insufficient to induce thesi 
 perform their tasks with proper zeal, the East India Compa 
 
ppily, at peace, and.eveiy c 
 □adrons. If in the meie 
 tween Great Britain and her 
 
 r all the tonnage now. posses 
 res or propositions of foreign 
 mid be advantageously empl 
 
Grand Masonic Dinner., at Glasgow. 61 
 
 prolific a theme; for in less than a single lunar year these Oriental ladies would bring 
 their Scottish husbands at long line of descendants, enough to fill at least a dozen times 
 over all the.wards and class-rooms in Hutcheson’s hospital or school. (Loud laughter, 
 mingled with great cheering.) Lord Byron has said indeed— ...... 
 
 ‘the cold in clime.are cold in blood'.’ 
 
 but only let the Caledonian’s veins be once swelled with the amorous embrace of these' 
 Eastern brides, and, my life upon the issue, he will never afterward be cold in blood, 
 though his uncovered limbs were shivering on Ben Lomond, or 
 ‘ Freezing on the hoary Caucasus.’ 
 
 Iwere to indulge this currentof thought that runs in full stream through my mind. I 
 imagine the pithy lines of Hudibras to be breathed in whispers from other quarters, 
 
 • For brevity is always good, 
 
 Whether we are—or are not—understood.’ 
 
 And profiting by so undoubted a truth, I beg to say, that whether what I have uttered 
 be intelligible or not to those who hear me, I shall inflict no more of it upon the hos¬ 
 pitable kindness that has so politely heard me through. Before I sit down, however, 
 allow me to repeat how sincerely and deeply I feel the compliment you have paid me, 
 in sending forth your commendations of my humble labours to the world. Sirs, I am 
 too frank to flatter. It is a characteristic of my early profession to speak bluntly as well 
 as freely. The sailors of every country that I am acquainted with, are too honest to 
 be parasites, and the sailors of Britain especially. I have been banished for speaking 
 too freely, but I hare never yet been suspected of being too courteous in phrase. If 
 this should give additional weight to any praises I may venture to express, let that 
 weight be added now; for I repeat, with all the candour of one who habitually wears 
 his heart upon the outside of his bosom, and whose inmost thoughts dwell constantly 
 upon his tongue, that I have never, in any one day, seen more to admire, nor in any 
 one day had more exalted sources of pleasure, than in this in which I am now ad¬ 
 dressing you. (Cheers .) Let me then not sully this happiness, by ‘ bestowing my 
 tediousness’ upon you any longer, but conclude by proposing a toast, which I believe 
 yon will all drink with enthusiasm. ‘ The marriage of the Clyde with four Eastern 
 wives—the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Indus, and the Ganges; and may no hostile 
 power ever interpose to divorce the union.’ 
 
 Mr. Buckingham was greeted at the close of this speech with the loudest and most 
 enthusiastic plaudits, and personal congratulations from all quarters of the Hall; and 
 the toast was drank with three times three, amidst the most deafening acclamation.— 
 Glasgow Chronicle, August 20. 
 
 REPORT OF THE SPEECH 
 
 Delivered on the Opening of the Royal Exchange, at Glasgow, on the Health of Mr. Buck¬ 
 ingham being proposed, on the 3d of September, 1829. 
 
 Yesterday, the new Exchange Rooms in Queen Street were opened to the Public, 
 and there was, as proposed at the laying of the foundation stone, a splendid dinner on 
 the occasion, at which not less than 450 gentlemen were present, James Ewing, Esq., 
 of Dunoon Castle in the Chair, Henry Monteith, Esq., Croupier. Among the com¬ 
 pany present we observed the Honourable the Lord Provost of Glasgow, the Earl of 
 Glasgow, the Hon. Charles Douglas, Sir Walter Stirling, Air. Campbell of Blyths- 
 wood. Counts Rivedin and Brancaleoni, Principal MacFarlane, Mr. Brown of Hamil¬ 
 ton, Baillie Gray and the other gentlemen of the Magistracy, J. S. Buckingham, Esq., 
 Provost Boyd of Paisley, Mr. Hamilton the Architect of the Buildings, Major Middle^ 
 ton, 42d Regiment, Baillie Leitch of Greenock, the Reverend Doctor Laurie of Hill- 
 house, &c. &c. &c. The Hall was elegantly fitted up. In the centre, between the 
 two ranges of columns, three tables were placed the whole length of the room, and 
 within the columns, andbetween them and thewall, on each side, were other tables, all 
 decorated with the choicest flowers from the Botanic Garden. The large window, at 
 the west end of the room, was decorated with festoons of flowers, and rare plants fur¬ 
 nished from the same quarter. The room was lighted by five chandeliers of exquisite 
 workmanship, by Messrs. Lang and Co. of this City, of six lights each, and, bn the. 
 
Speech delivered at the 
 
 : of the room was highly beautiful.' Iu the forenoon, under the 
 
Opening of the Royul Exchange. 65 
 
 fair Canadian, subjects of the same king, servants of the same master, worshippers 
 of the same God, united in a patriotic as well as philanthropic bond, silken in its 
 softness, but adamantine in its strength. Then, indeed, may we also hope to see 
 such an amelioration in the condition of each, that both may become the harbingers to 
 their fellow-men, in woods and deserts yet untrodden by a Christian foot, of those 
 ‘glad tidings’ which the greatest monarchs have rejoiced to hear;—then may we 
 hope to see, what cannot be accomplished until these pitiable distinctions that now 
 divide mankind be blended into shade, the African and Hindoo themselves the intro¬ 
 ducers of Civilization into their respective regions, when, personifying this Universal 
 Good, we may hope to see her thus advancing over all the darker spots of our still 
 undelineated globe, and chasing away by her effulgence, the mists and shadows of 
 ignorance; thus—to tranfer from another subject the language of your own native 
 poet, Campbell, whom I am proud to number among my friends—thus should we see 
 Knowledge penetrating even the remotest wildernesses of Asia and of Africa— 
 
 ‘ Led by her dusky guides—like morning brought by night.’ 
 
 , (Reiterated and prolonged cheers.) 
 
 But, Sirs, there is one great essential, without which, even this splendid edifice you 
 have erected for this most useful purpose, would be unavailing—namely, liberty to 
 meet and breathe your thoughts as freely as the air. This, indeed, you happily possess: 
 and, therefore, it is that I the more readily appeal to you on behalf of those who have 
 it not. Where! I can imagine a hundred whispers to ask;—and I will answer where. 
 In that rich and beautiful, but injured and oppressed country, India—of which I have 
 spoken so much before—but though I have spoken of it so fully, I believe I have never 
 told you this:— At the veiy recent period when die East India Company, in the arro¬ 
 gance and insolence of irresponsible power, introduced a Stamp Tax into India, and con¬ 
 tended for the legal right to tax every man, British, Foreigner, or Native, at their will 
 and pleasure, a humble memorial was drawn up by the British Merchants, to be presented 
 to the Bengal Government, praying the suspension of the law till reference could be 
 made to the superior authorities at home; and with a view to the general conveni¬ 
 ence, a meeting of the leading mercantile men, was called to take place in the Ex¬ 
 change Room at Calcutta. The number could not exceed 50, all men of the greatest 
 eminence for wealth, talent, and character—the only object being to shape their Memo¬ 
 rial, by conference and revision, so as to render it as' acceptable to the Government 
 as possible, consistently with the expression of their prayer. Will it he believed—and 
 yet, however incredible, it is undeniably true—that the Government of Bengal absolutely 
 prepared to send a troop of soldiers to disperse these assembled petitioners by the 
 bayonet or the bullet, as the case might need! when, doubts being suggested as to the 
 legality of this, and the Advocate General for the time, being referred to, his answer 
 was—that by the law of England, an individual taking away the life of any Englishman 
 so assembled would be guilty of murder, and be responsible to the laws of his country 
 for his crime ; an opinion which shook the courage of these Eastern despots, and the 
 troops were countermanded. Thank heaven, Sirs, that you do not live under such an 
 iron, or, should I not rather say, such a bloody rule as that: but in thanking heaven 
 for yourselves, let me implore you to think of others who do, one among them, a leader 
 too, on this occasion, as full of spirit as of intelligence, and of virtue as of both, I speak 
 of Mr. James Young, a native of Glasgow, one of the sons of your late reverend Pro¬ 
 fessor of Greek, in the University of your City, and member of a family well known in 
 India for having furnished from its single stock, distinguished members of the civil, 
 military, and mercantile bodies of that country. He is soon, I hope, to return to join 
 the ranks of those opposed to the continuance of this execrable system; and Glasgow 
 will herself then see that she may well be proud in having such a citizen and son. 
 
 Let it not be said, however, that we who have fought together in this same good 
 fight—although it has been my lot to be cut down, covered with wounds, and trampled 
 in the dust, while he has escaped with fortune and without a scar; let it not be said 
 that we, but more especially myself, are not impartial evidences on this subject. If 
 you would hear only of the pains of hunger from those who never felt it, learn only of 
 the pangs of death from those who never knew its torture, and suffer no man to speak 
 of the horrors of the dungeon, because he himself had lingered out a long captivity 
 in its loathsome cells, then must your evidence be impartial indeed. But, Sirs, the 
 
Speech delivered at the Opening of the Royal Exchange. 
 
68 New Arrangement of the Lectures. 
 
 possess, to extinguish the destroying flames that now wrap in their fiery embraces, 
 Seven Hundred Victims of your own sex and country, every year!! 
 
 I know that this reflection would afford you a pleasure of the most exquisite kind. 
 And, believing this, let me confess that, at the very moment of your retiring from the 
 ball, I was strongly tempted (and feeling thus, why should I scruple to avow it) to 
 appeal to your assembled influence there upon the spot before you repaired to rest. 
 My heart was almost bursting with the thought, and the words hung impatiently upon 
 my tongue. Strong in the purity of my motive, I know I should not have faltered; but 
 the possibility that some misconstruction might have been placed on that motive, and 
 that the end might therefore be protracted, made me pause for re-consideration. I now 
 repent, as I have done a thousand times before, that I did not follow the first virtuous 
 impulse of an enthusiastic, but I hope, an honourable zeal, instead of suffering the 
 cold dictates of prudential fear to awe me from my purpose. The only way in which 
 I can show the sincerity of my repentance, and atone for the omission, is to address 
 you now, before I lay my own head upon my pillow, and send it through the channel 
 of the press; as your dispersion to your various homes renders this the only probable 
 medium through which I can now reach your ears, and when I have done this, I shall 
 not sleep less sweetly, nor dream of less happy days. 
 
 The gentlemen of Newcastle—your fathers, husbands, brothers—are at the present 
 moment appealed to, and invited to direct their regards to India, to encourage what 
 they may there find worthy, to arrest the further progress of that which they think 
 should be stayed. Need I say how you can quicken the lagging resolutions, and kindle 
 the latent spark? Whose tongue is so persuasive, whose eye so encouraging, whose 
 praise so cheering as that of those we love ? 
 
 Oh ! ne’er to Man has pitying Heaven, 
 
 A power so blest, so glorious given ; 
 
 Say but a single word, and save 
 
 Ten thousand mothers from a flaming grave; 
 
 And tens of thousands from the source of woe 
 That ever must to orphan’d children flow ; 
 
 Save from the flame the infant’s place of rest, 
 
 The couch hy nature given—the mother’s breast. 
 
 Oh ! bid the mother live, the babe caress her, ' 
 
 And, sweeter still, its lisping accents bless her. 
 
 India, with tearful eye, and bended knee, 
 
 Ladies of England ! pours her plaint to thee, 
 
 Nor will Northumbria's Daughters bear the stain. 
 
 That India poured her plaint to them in vain. 
 
 Sandyford, near Newcastle. J. S. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 NEW ARRANGEMENT OF THE LECTURES. 
 
 The following Explanation of the Flan, Object, and new Arrangement of the 
 Lectures on the Countries of the Oriental World, which will be followed by 
 a Syllabus of the Lectures themselves, will appropriately terminate this 
 Reyiew of the proceedings of the year. 
 
 The near approach of the period fixed by law for the termination of the 
 existing Charter of the East India Company, and the important interests 
 involved in the decision to which the Legislature of the country may come on 
 that occasion, appeared to me to render it of the highest importance, that 
 every city and town in the kingdom should be duly impressed with the share 
 which they really have in the issue of this great question. It was, therefore, 
 with a view to awaken more rapidly and more powerfully, the attention of the 
 country at large to this momentous topic, that, at the beginning of the year 
 1829, 1 first undertook a personal tour Through the provincial portions of 
 Great Britain, in order to follow up, by viva voce appeals to their inhabitants. 
 
New Arrangement of the Lectures. 69 
 
 the impression previously, but still imperfectly made by the books and papers 
 already written on the same subject. The superiority of this method of 
 informing the understandings, and engaging the feelings of mankind, to every 
 other mode, and especially to that of written treatises, is universally admitted; 
 and, although the undertaking has been attended by very considerable sacrifices 
 on ray own part, (without making which I could not have left my home and my 
 occupations in order to carry it into effect,) yet when I reflected on the magni¬ 
 tude of the interests involved in the choice, I could not hesitate for a moment. 
 
 If the sacrifices necessary for this purpose had been even ten times greater than 
 they were, I should still have chosen to make them, from the conviction that by 
 this personal Tour (which the relinquishment of all my most important engage¬ 
 ments at home, could alone leave me at liberty to pursue), there is not merely 
 a hope, but a certainty, of the India and China Trades being opened to the 
 country, and a national benefit of millions obtained thereby; while, without 
 such personal efforts, there is at least a strong probability that the existing 
 Monopoly of the India Company would be renewed with very trifling relaxa¬ 
 tions, and much of the benefit to be reaped from its abolition postponed for 
 perhaps another twenty years. 
 
 This opinion may appear to some so vain and groundless, that I may, I 
 hope, be pardoned for stating the reasons which lead me to entertain it. They 
 are these: —Throughout every part of the kingdom, I have found men of all 
 classes from the highest to the lowest, so busily engrossed with the affairs and 
 events by which they are immediately surrounded, that they have neither time 
 nor inclination to attend to that which is remote. The humbler and middle 
 classes of society have enough to do to struggle for subsistence; and the few 
 hours they can spare from labour, they are glad to give to pleasurable recrea¬ 
 tion. The richer classes are as much engrossed with their peculiar pursuits as 
 their inferiors; and have still less inclination to turn aside to the investigation 
 of any subject not promising immediate individual profit or personal pleasure. 
 The very ignorance that thus prevails on all subjects connected with India, its 
 Government, or Commerce, is an additional reason why all public discussion 
 or private conversation on such topics is carefully avoided. The histories of 
 India and Indian transactions are long and tedious. The Parliamentary Re¬ 
 ports and Proceedings connected with India, are too voluminous to be read by 
 .the generality of public men, and too expensive to be easily accessible to 
 private individuals. A debate on an Indian question, whether in the Lords or 
 Commons, receives therefore less attention than one on any other subject, and 
 popular writers for the public press are careful not to weary their readers with 
 what they believe to be uncongenial to their tastes. 
 
 But, though this reasonable unwillingness on the part of the conductors of 
 the public press to write much about India, aud the equally natural iudispo^ 
 sition on the part of the people to read much on the same topic, still exist; yet 
 this reluctance does not manifest itself in an equal degree on the part of either, 
 when the same matter is presented to them in another shape. It is for this 
 reason that though it is very difficult to prevail on any individual to give even a 
 few shillings for a book, yet there is not the same unwillingness to pay an equal 
 sum for the purchase of what he considers more animating and amusing—the oral 
 information obtained at a public Lecture. And, supposing the book to be pur¬ 
 chased,its perusal leaves a much fainter impression than hearing the same facts and 
 arguments from the lips of a public speaker. Reading is also a solitary occupa¬ 
 tion, and the impression left by it dies away for want of sympathetic support, 
 soon after the book is laid aside. But, when an assembly of several hundreds 
 sit together in the same room, and any striking factor powerful argument isad- 
 ducedi which make a similar impression on the whole multitude, expressions of 
 astonishment, or indignation, or applause, follow, and, like an electric spark,' 
 
70 New Arrangement of the Lectures. 
 
 the feeling is communicated to all. The speaker is animated—the hearers re¬ 
 echo the enthusiasm—the people become pledged in the sight and hearing of each 
 other, to co-operate in one general cause—and the result is some immediate 
 act, by which they execute, as it were, a common bond of union, to carry their 
 determinations into execution, with spirit and effect. 
 
 It is in pursuance of this great object, that the following plan, which admits 
 of progressive developement, has, after much consideration, been decided on 
 as best calculated to attain the end in view: namely, to commence with a 
 popular description of the several countries which lie between England and 
 India, and which are those portions of the Oriental World through which any 
 traveller going to India by land would be most likely to pass. For, impor¬ 
 tant as the facts and arguments bearing on the questions of Indian Government 
 and Indian Trade undoubtedly are, these alone would attract but very limited 
 audiences, and especially if commenced abruptly, and without any preceding, 
 discourses. But, by the previous delineations of countries and manners, pre¬ 
 liminary to, and in some degree connected with, the main object, and in a way 
 that draws increasing audiences of all classes and of both sexes, the sympathies 
 of the community are so gradually awakened,.and so powerfully engaged, that, 
 when the last of the Series comes to be delivered, the number of auditors is 
 often five-fold; and their minds are so well prepared for the views to be main¬ 
 tained, that, in every instance that has yet occurred, the result has been the 
 demonstration of unanimous and enthusiastic approbation of them, and the 
 formation of East India Associations in eyery part of the country that I have 
 yet visited for the purpose. 
 
 The result of my personal Tour has been everywhere indeed most gratifying; 
 and the effect produced altogether unexampled. No Lectures, within the 
 memory of any inhabitant, were ever attended by so many influential persons 
 as those formingmy Course in the several towns of England and Scotland J in 
 addition to which, the subject of the India Monopoly became by this means 
 the topic of conversation in every party and every family. There was not a 
 single newspaper in the country that did not contain articles exposing its evils; 
 and the public press and public mind of the kingdom were more strongly 
 excited, more durably occupied, and more effectually enlisted against that 
 Monopoly, than by any other means that could be devised, or than by the 
 expenditure of £100,000 in money for that purpose. I can have no scruple in 
 saying—because it.is undeniably true—that all the progress made by the qiies- 
 . tion in the past year, and it is very considerable, has arisen from my first visit 
 to Liverpool in January last,—without which, no meeting, or petition, or depu¬ 
 tation, would have gone from thence till the following year, if even then ; and 
 neither Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, nor Bristol, would have been roused, 
 without the Lectures delivered in each; for at first all of them were cold, and 
 were only brought into united and vigorousaction by the impression originally 
 made by these personal labours: so that to this also may be attributed the 
 pledges of Ministers given in answer tp the numerous Deputies that went to 
 London soon after the delivery of these Lectures in the towns named, in conse¬ 
 quence of which the progress of the question was hastened at least a year in 
 date. 
 
 The arrangement of these Lectures has been now so improved and modified 
 as to admit of several short Courses, of three Lectures only in each; but each 
 complete in itself, and any portion of them capable of adaptation to the extent, 
 population, and wealth of the inhabitants of the several towns in which they 
 may be delivered, and so as to bring them, therefore, within the means of the 
 middle, as well as of the upper classes, to attend. The divisions are as follow:— 
 
Heads of the Lectures. 
 
 FIRST COURSE.—EGYPT. 
 
 Lecture I. 
 
 1. Geographical Features of the Country—Boundaries, and Extent of Surface. 
 
 2. The River Nile—its Sources, Mouths, Inundation, and Deposits. 
 
 3. The Cataracts—The Delta—Lakes Moeris, Menzaleh, and Mareotis. 
 
 4. Canal across the Isthmus, connecting the Red Sea and Mediterranean. 
 
 5. Climate—Etesian Winds—The Kbamseen or Simoom—Absence of Rain. 
 
 6. Mineral and Vegetable Productions, and state of Agriculture and Cultivation. 
 
 7. Egyptian Animals—The Buffalo, Crocodile, Hippopotamus, Hyena, and Stork. 
 
 Lecture II. 
 
 1. Ancient Cities, Temples, Pyramids, Labyrinths, Obelisks, Statues, and Tombs. 
 
 2. Alexandria—Canopus—Sais—Tanis—Bubastis—and Heliopolis. 
 
 3. Memphis—The Pyramids—The Sphynx—The Catacombs—and Mummies. 
 
 4. Lake Moeris—Its extent and object—The Labyrinth—Pyramids and Statues. 
 
 5. Autinoe—Hermopolis—Crocodilopolis—Tentyra—Elietkias—Silsilis—Esneh. 
 
 6. Edfou—Assouan—Temples of Thebes—Royal Tombs and Statue of Memnon. 
 
 Lecture III. 
 
 1. Chief Towns—Alexandria—Rosetta—Damietta—Boolac, and Grand Cairo. 
 
 2. Population—Arabs—Turks—Greeks—Armenians—Abyssinians—and Copts. 
 
 3. Religion—Mohammedan—Christian—Jewish—Priests of each. 
 
 4. Manners—Dress—Exercise—Amusements—Passions—Domestic Life. 
 
 5. Government—Caliphs—Soldans—Mamelukes—Beys—Present Pasha. 
 
 6. Commerce—Monopoly—Colonization—Trade with India and Europe. 
 
 SECOND COURSE.—PALESTINE. 
 
 Lecture I. 
 
 1. Extent and Boundaries of Syria and Palestine —Sea-Coast, and Interior. 
 
 2. Mountains—Lebanon—Hermon—Sion—Olives—Tabor—Ebal, and Gerizzim. 
 
 3. Plains of Esdraelon and Galilee, and the fertile Vallies of Judea. 
 
 4. The River Jordan—Sources & Course of the Lycus, Adonis, and Orontes. 
 
 5. The Lake of Tiberias, Galilee, or Genassereth—and the Dead Sea. 
 
 6. Syria—Palestine—Heskbon—Bashan—Gilead—'TheDecapolis, and the Hauran. 
 
 Lecture II. 
 
 1. Ancient Cities of Tyre, Sidon, Jericho, Ammon, Sodom and Gomorrah. 
 
 2. Jerusalem—The Temple of Solomon—Calvary, and the Tomb of Christ. 
 
 3. Bethlehem—Nazareth—Capernaum—Tiberias—and Cesarea on the Coast. 
 
 4 . The Decapolis—Gadara—Gamala—Bozra—and Geraza. 
 
 5. Singular Remains of ancient Cities in the Plains of the Auranites. 
 
 6. Splendid Temple of Baalbeck—and Superb Ruins of Palmyra. 
 
 Lecture III. 
 
 1. Chief Towns on the Coast—Gaza—Jaffa—Acre—Bairout—andLatakia. 
 
 2. Cities of the Interior—Jerusalem—Neapolis—Antioch—Aleppo—Damascus; 
 
 3. Population—Turks—Arabs—Druses—Jews—Christians, and Neseereeahs. ' 
 
 4. Manners—Marriages—Polygamy—Amusements—The Bath—Cemetries. 
 
 5. Singular Costume of Druse Females, Levantine Consuls, and Aleppo Ladies. 
 
72 
 
 Heads of,the Lectures. 
 
 THIRD COURSE. 
 
 ARABIA, MESOPOTAMIA, AND PERSIA. 
 
 Lecture I.— Arabia. 
 
 1. Peninsular form, and ftlaritime boundaries of its Coasts. 
 
 2. Subdivisions—Arabia Deserta—Arabia Petraa—Arabia Felix. 
 
 3. The Red Sea—Its peculiarities—Coral Reefs, and Navigation. 
 
 4. The Arab Horse—the Ass—the Camel—the Dromedary—Locusts and Quails. 
 
 5. Antiquities—Ezion Geber—Written Mountains—Horcb and Sinai. 
 
 6. Suez—Jedda—Mocha—Sana—Muscat—Bussorah—Medina, and Mecca. 
 
 7. Manners of the Desert Tribes—Encampments—Caravans—Character. 
 
 Lecture II. —Mesopotamia. 
 
 1. Geographical Outline—The Euphrates and the Tigris—Taurus and Korneh. 
 
 2. Ancient Positions of Birtha—Haran—Amida—Thapsacus, and Nisibeen. 
 
 3. Ruins of Ur, Nineveh, and Babylon—Hanging Gardens, and Tower of Babel 
 
 4. Chief Towns—Orfah—Diarbekr—Mardin—Moosul—and Bagdad. 
 
 5. Population—Turcomans—Koords—Devil Worshippers, or Yezeedis. 
 
 6. General Political Condition of the Remoter Provinces of the Turkish Empire. 
 
 Lecture III.— Persia. 
 
 1. ' Form, Elevation, varied surface, and general character of the Country. 
 
 2. Rivers—Kara Soo—Choaspes—Zeinderood,—and fertile Vallies. 
 
 3. Subdivisions—Irak—Khorassan—Soosiana—Farsistnn, and Alazanderaun. 
 
 4. Climate—Gardens—Fruits—Horses and Mules—Caravans. 
 
 5. Antiquities— 1 Tauk-e-Bostan—Ecbatana—Sliushan—Shapoor—Persepolis 
 
 6. Tabreez—Teheraun—Kermanshah—Hamadan—Shiraz, and Ispahan. 
 
 7. Population—Sheeahs—Armenians—Jews—Fire worshippers, or Guebres. 
 
 8. Ancient Wealth of Persia—Its Satrapies—and Trade by Balsora and Ormuz. 
 
 FOURTH COURSE.—INDIA. 
 
 Lecture I. 
 
 1. Yastness of extent, and gigantic scale of its Geography. 
 
 2. The Himalaya Mountains-The Ghauts—and the Nilghcrries. 
 
 3. The Indus—Ganges—Burumpooter—Jumna—Nerbuddah—Kistna—Godavery. 
 
 4. The Coasts of Orissa—Coromandel—Guzerat—and Malabar. 
 
 5. Provinces—Hindoostan—Bengal—Rajesthana—and the Deccan. 
 
 6. Climate—Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Productions of the Country. 
 
 Lecture II. 
 
 1. Antiquities—Salsette—Elephanta—Ellora—Oojein—Taje Muhal—Dacca. 
 
 2. Cities-Delhi—Agra-Lucknow—Benares—Dacca—Poonah-Surat-Hyderabad. 
 
 3. Principal Foreign Settlements—Goa—Pondicherry—and Serampore. 
 
 4. Chief English Towns or Presidencies—Bombay—Madras—and Calcutta. 
 
 Lecture III. 
 
 1. Religions—Hindoos—Moliamedans—Christians—Parsee—and Pariahs. ■ 
 
 2. Manners—Dress—Food—Languages—Marriages—Nautches—Music. 
 
 3. Character—Superstition—Duplicity—Docility—Timidity—Fidelity. 
 
 4. Government—Native Rulers—English Stewards—Financial System. 
 
 5. Character, Manners, and Habits of the leading English Families in India. 
 
Heads of the Lectures. 
 
 73 
 
 FIFTH COURSE. 
 
 EVILS OF THE EAST INDIA MONOPOLY. 
 
 Lecture I.—The India Cojipanv. 
 
 1. Events that first led to the formation of an English East India Company. 
 
 2. Avowed object of the Legislature in grartting the original Charter. 
 
 3. Means by which the Territorial acquisitions in India have been obtained. 
 
 4. Repeated renewals of their Charter at fixed periods) and on what grounds. 
 
 5. Limitation of Dividends by Parliament—Its object and effect. 
 
 6. Constitution of the East India Company theoretically imperfect. 
 
 7. Miscellaneous materials of which the Proprietors are composed. 
 
 8. Radical System—Annual Parliaments, Universal Suffrage, & Election by ballot. 
 
 9. Announcements of the Directors, and manner of their election. 
 
 10. Total absence of all interest in the general welfare of the Country. 
 
 11. Patronage the only end, aim, and reward of all their labours. 
 
 12. Refined methods of bribery, without violating the letter of the law. 
 
 13. Practical consequences of mismanagement—Enormous increase of Debt. 
 
 14. Motive for still increasing rather than diminishing the burthen. 
 
 15. Absence of all improvement in the condition of the Indian Estate. 
 
 16. Wretchedness of the population from excessive taxation. 
 
 17. Superstitions of the Natives encouraged, and made a source of gain. 
 
 Lecture II.— Commerce with China. 
 
 1. Early Attempt of the East India Company to obtain Settlements in China. 
 
 2. Trade in Tea, originally insignificant, but now greatly augmented. 
 
 3. Profits on this, the sole present source of gain to the India Company. 
 
 4. Consequent jealousy against any portion of it being enjoyed by others. 
 
 5. Effect of this Monopoly, to inflict a heavy tax on one of the necessaries of life. 
 G. Profits not so great to the Company as to the Free Trrtder, from Extravagance. 
 
 7. Present Stagnation of Trade in England, arising from over-production. 
 
 8. Vast population of China, and active and consuming character of tire people. 
 
 9. Reduction in the price of Tea would lead to increased consumption here. 
 
 10. Manufactured goods of every kind and description would he received in payment. 
 
 11. Trade now carried on by the Americans from China to the Eastern Archipelago. 
 
 12. Merchants, Manufacturers, Shipowners, and all other classes injured by this. 
 
 13. Reasons assigned by the India Company in favour of their China Monopoly. 
 
 14. Assumed necessity of existence, and claim of iarge gains to repair losses. 
 
 15. Imputed inferiority of character in English seamen to that of Foreigners. 
 
 16. Apprehension for the health of his Majesty’s subjects, and for the Revenue. 
 
 18. Consequences of the Monopoly to degrade the English flag and character. 
 
 Lecture III.— Colonization 6f India. 
 
 1. Contrast between the state of America, New South Wales, and India. 
 
 2. Reasons why English settlers have produced such opposite effects. 
 
 3. Enumeration of the difficulties under which the English in India labour. 
 
 4. The arguments used by the East India Company against Colonization. 
 
 5. Pretences on which they defer any interferences with Native Superstitions. 
 
 6. Examples of successful’ interference in abolishing Human Sacrifices in India. 
 
 7. Prevalence of a desire among the Natives to possess British Manufactures. 
 
 8. Proclamation for the seizure of Englishmen found trading in the interior. 
 
 9. Miserable pretence of advances towards a more liberal system. 
 
 10. Duty of all classes to unite in opposing the renewal of the Charter, 
 
Conclusion. 
 
 The intention is to give any one or more of these Short Courses in every 
 town, making the stay in eaclt to depend entirely on the degree of interest 
 evinced on the first visit; and to admit of an attendance on these being 
 brought within the reach of all the educated classes of the kingdom, especially 
 of the more respectable among the middle ranks of society, and to avoid the 
 necessity of any purchase of tickets pledging an attendance on the whole, the 
 terms have been reduced to HALF-A-CR.OWN for each separate Admission, 
 (which is only half the original rate of charge), as being better adapted to the 
 means of the great majority of the reading and enquiring portion of society. 
 
 Tills price will be uniformly adhered to in large Assembly Rooms, Music 
 Halls, or other places not admitting separation of ranks ; but in the event 
 of the Lectures being delivered in a Theatre, which may sometimes be deemed 
 desirable, the prices of admission to the separate divisions of the House will 
 be exactly those which are established by usage in the town itself. 
 
 Having been repeatedly invited by the public Authorities and Institutions of 
 several of the principal towns in England, to communicate these particulars to 
 them as a guide for their information, which has generally been accompanied 
 also by a desire to know the best method of proceeding, and the number of 
 Subscribers which would be deemed sufficient to warrant the delivery of a 
 Course in any of the cities or towns of the kingdom, I beg to suggest to such 
 persons as may feel an interest in this matter, the placing a board in each of 
 the Public News Rooms and Booksellers’ shops of the towns in which they re¬ 
 side, for the reception of such names as may be obtained, and having the List 
 circulated to private individuals and families if necessary ; and whenever the 
 names subscribed may he sufficient to insure an audience of 200 persons for 
 one Sliort Course of Three Lectures only, I shall be happy to visit such towns, 
 and risk the issue beyond that number on my own account. The necessity 
 for some security or guarantee of numbers, arises .Tom two causes • first the 
 importance, for the sake of the public good, of giving a preference to those 
 towns in winch the largest numbers can be addressed at one time; and 
 secondly, the necessity of preventing loss, by obtaining sufficient to cover the 
 actual expense. 
 
 I can sincerely say that I should rejoice lo he in a condition to make this 
 question of expense a matter of no importance to myself. But the world are 
 well aware of the manner in which I have been despoiled of the accumulated 
 fortune which years of labour had been passed in acquiring; and as the East 
 India Company, who might have restored the plunder committed on me by 
 their servants abroad, hut who have rejected every appeal made to them for 
 redress, have now a still more powerful motive to wish, for my destruction, and 
 to assist in trampling me in the dust, I have only my own energies, and the 
 support of the British Public to rely on, for carrying my object into effect;— 
 and cannot, therefore, if I would, charge myself with all the burthen of its cost. 
 
 London, Jan. 1, 1830. 
 
 J. S. BUCKINGHAM.