A COLLECTION [VOYAGES; | Undertaken by the | Dutch E aft-Lidia Company., j | for the Improvement of TRADE and NAVIGATION- CONTAINING An Account of feveral Attempts to find out the North-Eaft Paffage, and their Difcoveries in the Eaft-Indies, and the South Seas. TOGETHER With an Hiftorical Introdu&ion, giving an ac¬ count of the Rife, Eftablifhment and Pro- grefs of that great Body. Tranflated into Englifo, and Illuftrated with fe¬ veral Charts. L 0 N D 0 N, Printed for V/. Freeman near Temple Bar, J. W.alt hoe in the Temple, The. flenbmugh at the Golden Ball in St. Paul's Churcb-Tard, John FUchaljon at the Kings-Arms in Little Britain , and R. Parker under the Royal Rxthange in Cornhil, 1703. INTRODUCTION. T Hough an infinity of evils attends the Wars, with which States and Kingdoms are afflidted by the Divine Permifiion; yet they oftentimes procure un- jexpedted benefits. The fame providence that humbles the Sinner, furnilhes means to raife him upon a due Repentance. The fcourge of War that punifnes Men, may contribute when the .Divine Providence, thinks fit, to whet their Spirits, and render them capable of any Interprife. This was the fcourge that gall’d the Uni- 0 ted Provinces for fo long a time ; and con- ftrain’d ’em to range o’er the remoteft Coun¬ tries, in queft of the means of Subfiftance, of which the King of Spain had robb’d ’em, not only by denying ’em the ufe of his Ports, but by laying their Country defolate with Fire and Sword, and exercifing the cruelleft adts of Tyranny upon their Ferfons. If the Spaniards had not fiez’d their Ships, and expos’d their Perfons to the rigour of the Inquifition, probably they had never ex¬ tended their Navigation beyond the Baltick Sea, the Northern Countries, England , France , A % Spain The Introduction.. Spain and its Dependencies, the Mediterra- ; tie an, and the'Levant. - 5 One would have thought, that the Ty-, rannical ufage of the Spaniards, would have ; ruin’d their Country, and extirpated theBeo- j pie: But on the contrary, it occafion’d the: Wellfare and Profperity both of the one and | the other. The People being conduced by;; fuch Sovereigns as were naturally Wife, and . (if it be poffible ) became Wifer by the fenfe j of Danger; being lupported by the Prudence, and animated by the Valour of their re- noun’d General and Stadt-holder, Prince Maurice of Najfau : The People, I fay, tin¬ der thefe Encouragements, happily fet out- in order to find under another Firmament,’ and among barbarous Savages, the Succours; that were refus’d ’em by their Neighbours. _ j ; Of all the Countries that Were vifited in; the way of this forc’d Trade, none have con; tributed more towards the Riches and pre-f lent Happinefs of the United Provinces , than, the Eaft arid Wejl-Indies: Now in order tc reach thefe Countries, they were oblig’d to| avpid the meeting with the Spaniards, orthsj Portuguefe ■ and that difficulty feem’d to be in a manner unfurmountable. But after all; they found out ways and means to compafs their End. . j Among others, James Valk, and Chrijln j ■ph'er Roeltiiu, the one TreafureF, 'and "the 6; ,'ther Pcnfioner to the States of Zealand] ' ' V thelj T be IntroiuBion. [ there, I fay, in conjunction with divers Mer¬ chants , particularly Balthafar Moucheron , I John Janfen Charles , Dirk van Os , and feve- ral others, took up a refolution of opening a Paffage to the Indies, from whence they were unjuftly excluded by the Emperor Charles V, and Philip II. King of Spain. j They conceiv’d that by fteeringNorth-Ead, Ithey might afterwards run along the Coaft lof Tartary , and fo reach CatPai , China , Ja- fpan, India, and the Philippine and Molucca uflands. The execution of this Project was [committed to two excellent Mariners, name¬ ly, William Barentz , and James Heemskirk , [and divers, others, as’twill appear in the re¬ lations contained in this Book. But hitherto the Almighty has not favour’d the difcovery of that PalTage, or of the People that live in thefe Climats. While they were in quell of this Northern Paflage, one Cornelius Houtman a Hollander, happen’d t; be in Portugal, and there fatis- fied his Cunofity by a diligent enquiry into the Hate of the Eaft-Indies, and'the courle that one mud deer, in order to come at it. He had frequent Conferences upon this SubjeCt with the Portuguefe , who gave no¬ tice of it to the Court: At that time all Fo¬ reigners were driCtly prohibited to make uch enquiries, and upon that fcore Houtman vas put in Prifon, and order’d to lie there till ie paid a fevere Fine. A , la 'the IutroduBhi. Tn order to raife fuch a confiderable fum of Money, he addrefs’d himlelf to the Mer¬ chants of Awfterdam ; and gave ’em to know, that if they would pay his Fine, he would difcover to them all that related to the Eajl- Indies, and the Paflage thither. According¬ ly, they granted his Requeft, and he per- iorin’d his Promife. After a mature confederation ,of what he had offer’d, they refolv’d to erect another Company, call’d the Company for remote: Countries. The Directors for this Compa¬ ny were, Henry Htidden , Renter Pauxo , Pe¬ ter Hajfelaar, John Janfz, Charles de Oude , John Poppen , Henry Buyck , Dirck van Of,! Syvert Pieterjz Sew , and Arent ten Grooten- huife. \ Thefe Directors conftdering that ’twas as' yet very uncertain, whether the North Paf- iage was Pra&icable; though at the fame time they were fenfiblethat ’twas thefhort- eft, and the fureft Paffage, and withal the' mod Heajthy, in regard that in it‘they did not crofs the Equinodial Line: Upon this^ confuleration, I fay, they came to a Refolu-| tion, A. D. iypy. to fend four Vefiels tof the Indies by the way of the Cape of Goof Hope. Houtman and fome others, who had the - Command in this Expedition, were order’d to obferve the courfe they fleer’d very nar-; rowly, and to fettle with the Indians the Com-i I \ The IntroduEl'ml, 1 Commerce of Spices and other Goods, ef- pecially in thofe Countries where the Pbrtu- guefe had no Settlement. They look’d upon this Commerce as a very valuable thing, ef- Jpecialiy confidering that it would fave ’em ; the trouble of fetching that fort of Goods ifrom Portugal , which they could not do ; without great hazard. / Thele Ships return’d to Holland in the fpace i of two years and four Months after their fet¬ ing out; and though they had made no great profit of the Voyage, yet their Suc- cefs animated their Owners, and feveral o- ther Merchants, to carry on the defign yet further. In effeft, a Member of the Com¬ pany being dead, they prelently put into his place Gerard Bicker, a very conilderable Mer¬ chant. Then they had advice, that fome other Merchants of Amjlerdam defign’d to fit out Ships for bulla. The names of thofe Merchants, were Vincent van Bronchorfi, Si- mon Janfz Fortuyn, Govert Dirrickz , Corneli¬ us van Kampen , Jacob Thomafz , Elbert Si- monfz, Joncheyn and John Hdrmanfz. The Company, to avoid Animofities, thought it neceflary to unite with thefe Merchants, and accordingly the two Fleets confiding of eight Veilels, joyn'd, under the Command of James van Nek, their Admiral, and fail’d from the Texel A. D. 1598. A defign of the fame nature was likewife fet on foot in Zealand ■ and accordingly Bal¬ ls. 4 thafar 7k Introduction. thafar Moucheron, and Adrian Hendrik ten Haaf, with fome other Partners, fitted out Ships for the Indies. The Inhabitants of Rotterdam being fpurr’d up by fuch Exam¬ ples, prefently form’d a Company, and fit- ed out five Ships under the Command of 3 fames Malm, with orders to Sail to the Mo¬ lucca Iflands, by the Strait of Magellan, and the South Sea. In the mean time the Amflerdam Mer¬ chants grew hotter upon the matter; and the Company I mention’d before, without flaying for the return of the Fleet they had Pent already, fitted out three Ships more, which put, to Sea May the 4 th 1599. under the Command of Stephen vander Hagen. On the 8 th of the next July, four of the eight Ships that went out f;rfl, arriv’d in the Texel, and after they were unloaded, were imme¬ diately fent back again under the Command of JamesWillehens. About the fame time feveral Amflerdam Merchants, mod of whom were Bralanders by Birth, form’d another Company upon the fameDefign, and fitted out four Veflels which put to Sea December 1599, in compa¬ ny with four of the old Company’s Ships. 1 wo years after all thefe eight Ships came home with rich Cargo’s: But before their arrival, this new Company had fent out two, which were joyn’d by fix more belonging to the old Company; all of ’em putting to Sea A. D. 7h Introduction, A. D. i6ao. under the Command of James van Nek ; and in the procefs of time, all of ’em return’d at feveral times to their ref- pedive Ports. Upon the confideration of thefe lucky Adventures, feveral frelh Ships were fitted out in Amfierdam , Zealand, and elfewhere. Among others, thirteen were fent from Am¬ fierdam, viz. four belonging to the Old, and .four to the New Company, under the Command of James Heemshjrk , and James Grenier; and five more from the old Com¬ pany, bound for the Molucca's , under the Command of tVolphart Harmanfz. All the thirteen fet fail from the Texel April 16 o i, The Spaniards were enraged with Anger and Grief, partly in regard of the Affront they fuffer’d, in feeing fuch petty Merchants compafs their Ends in fpite of their Teeth, and partly upon the account of the lofs they fuftain’d, and were likely to fuftain hereaf¬ ter. With this view they fitted out a ftrong Squadron, in order to furprife the Dutch Ships. This Squadron confifting of thirty Men of War well mann’d, fell in with eight of the Dutch Ships in the Month of May , in the Latitude of 14 Deg. The Dutch per¬ ceiv’d the inequality of their Number and Forces, notwithflanding that they hadfome Soldiers aboard; however they were not daunted, for they fought bravely, and the Spans(h Admiral was fo warmly receiv’d, that he 77 ;e introduBion. he. thought it convenient to let them pals. In the next year, which was the z 6 oi, three Ships came home from the Indies rich¬ ly laden. They brought Advice, that the King of Achen had attempted to feize two of Moucherons Ships, that had fet out from Holland A.D. 1599. That Cornelius Hout- man the Commander, had loft his life in the Adventure; and in fine, that the Ships had efcap’d, but that fome of the Dutch continu¬ ed prifoners in the hands of the King of A- chen. Paul van Caerden having fet out for the Indies that fame year, arriv’d at the Port of Achen , without knowing what pafs’d, and there was expos’d to the like danger. For that King being egg’d on by a Francifcan Monk, who refided there in the Quality of the Portaguefe Envoy, and had come thither from the Molucca’s on purpole to wheedle him : The King, 1 fay, thus follicited, fet all Inftruments at work to feize Caerden s Ship- But all his attempts proved abortive, and the King own’d afterwards, that he was fe- duc’d by the Portuiiiefe ■ and accordingly he gave a very good Reception to the Fleet Commanded by Laurence Bicker, which had fet out from Zealand A. D. 1601. Nay, when the Fleet had taken in its Loading, which was very confiderable, he fent fome Em- bafiadors along with ’em. This Fleet put¬ ting T he Introduction. ting into St. Helens to take, in freft Water, happen’d to meet with a Portuguefe Carrack richly laden, which they took and brought along with them. That fame year George Spilbergen , and the Ships he commanded, were as favourably treated by the fame King of Acben. The Spaniards finding themfelves inferi¬ or in flrength, endeavour’d to ruine the Dutch by all manner of Stratagems and Tricks. They fent EmhTaries to all the Indi¬ an Kings, to decry the new Adventurers, to brand ’em for Pirates, and Men of no Faith or Honour. In fine, they ufed all poflible efforts to effedt their ruine, as ’twill appear in the Sequel. The States General and Prince Maurice ha¬ ving receiv’d advice of what pafs’d, refolv’d for the future to give Commiflions to all the Ships that fail'd that way, and indeed the Commanders of the Ships flood in need of ’em,' in order to fliflle the Calumnies of their Enemies. By thefe Commiflions they were empower’d not only to defend them- lelves, but to attack and commit Hoflilities upon all that did diflurb their Commerce. ^ The valiant James Heemskirk being cloath’d with fuch Authority, fail’d with two Ships from Bantam , in order to have ’em loaded at Jahor; and falling in with a rich Carrack upon her return from Maccau or China, with above 700 Men on board, attack’d her, and forc’d 1be Introduction. forc’d the Fortugueje after a flender fliew-'of Defence, to ftrike and ask Quarter, which was granted ’em. I fliall here take occafion to prefent the Reader with a Copy of two Letters that they writ to the Admiral, and to all the Officers; by which twill appear what opinion the For- tuguefe were of, with reference to the taking of the Carrack, and how generoufly they were us’d by the Dutch. The ftrfl of thefe Letters was to this purpofe. “ ’Tis an ancient cuftom among Kings “ and Soveraigns, that when they fall out, “ the Perfons apd Eftates of their Subjects “ are mutually feiz’d. , Your Admiral wasfo “ lucky,as that the Carrack homeward bound “ from China , fell into his .hands, which “ could never have happen’d without theun- “ fearchable direction of Providence. Not- “ withftanding this piece of Hoftility, I can- <{ not forbear fending you the Refreihments “ which will be prefented unto you along “ with this Letter, as a tehimony of my “ Thanks to you and your Admiral, for the u Capitulation you made with our Portuguefe H Subjects, and the promife you made good “ to’em. I affure you I fliall never forget “ it, and fliall be ready to make you the like “ returns upon occafion. Pray God take care “ of you. Written by Paul Mendez de Faf- “ colat at Molucca , and fign’d Regulos From - “ mams, T he htrodu&ion. “ munis, Andreas Fernandes , Domhugo de “ Monte, Ifaac de Gufgago. The Purport of the -Second Letter was this. “ The event of War is uncertain, and “ Victory is lodg’d in the hands of God, “ Men being only the Inftruments that bring “ it about. Fortune would have it fo, that “ you met with, and took a rich Carrack full “ of Merchants, Women and Children, who “ were all uncapableof making any defence. “ I am infinitely forry that ’twas not-my “ Ship that fell in your way; had that hap- “ pen’d, I had made you to know the diffe- “ rence between Soldiers and Merchants, in “ the way of defending Ships. I am forry ‘ c for what happen’d to the Dutch in China ; “ but I cannot find that the matter was of “ fuch Importance, as to deferve fuch a piece “ of Revenge. However I afiureyou, that “ the promoter of that bufinefs is fecur’d, “ and fhallbepuniili’d for his Crime with the “ lofs of his Head. In earneft, your Ships “ that were brought me from the Molucca I- “ Hands and China , were unloaded; but af- “ ter all, I treated ’em favourably. Toge- “ ther with this Letter I return you the Ship “ which brought hither the Portuguefe that ^ you took in the Carrack: You may reft af- “ furd of an eternal acknowledgment of this “ favour* which would Hill be greater, if ‘ c yqq The Inttoduclion. “ you would return me the Captain and the ‘'Reverend Father Antony, with the other “ Portuguefe that are (till in your Cuflody, “ and would enter into a Negotiation “ with the King for the delivery of thofe “ who were taken in the China Jonque. Da¬ ted at Malacca March the 9//; 1605. Sign’d Fernando d' Albuquerque-. At the fame time Oliver van Hoard rer turn’d to Holland , after a three years Voy¬ age. He had been fitted out by Peter van Severen, Hugh Bufe, and John Benning Koe- kebaker, and fet fail from Goeree Sept. 1598. He made but very inconfiderable returns for the Merchants; but he acquir’d a great deal of Glory, a fhare of which redounded to his Country: For at that time the United Provinces (har’d this common Glory with the Portuguefe and the Euglijh , that one of their Natives had fail’d round the World by the Srait of Magellan. While their Navigation continu’d to be thus,fuccefsful, and the Trade of the Indies flourifii’d more and more •: there happen’d an Accident that difcontinu’d their former Suc- ce(s, and threatned ruine to the whole. I mean, the plurality of Companies that were then form’d, and the forry underftandihg that was between them. Oftentimes all of ’em fitted out Ships for the fame Port, which lower’d the price of their Goods, and difcou- rag’d the Sailours. The The IntroduBion. The States-General being acquainted with thefe Inconveniences, call’d a Meeting at the '■Hague of the Directors of the Companies, both of Holland and Zealand , and oblig’d ; ’em to unite in one Body for the future, to which their High Mightiness joyn’d their Confent and Authority. The Treaty that was then agreed upon, was confirm’d by a Patent from the Sovereign Power for zi [years, commencing from the Date, viz. 'March zo. i6oz. The Patent being given out, the Compa¬ ny became a confiderable Body, and made a joynt Stock of 6600000 Livers. Upon this "bottom they promifed themfelves great things, and fitted out a Fleet of fourteen great Ships, which put to Sea in June i6oz, under the Command of Wylrant van Wae- wyk. The next year,'^. 1603. in the Month of February , the Yatch call’d Wachter re¬ turn’d, and gave advice that five of the 0- ther Ships would be at home very fpeedily. By this Yatch an account u'as brought of what pafs’d before Bantam , between WoU phart Harmanfz , and his Vice-Admiral Hans 'Bouxver , on one fide, and Don Andreas Ferta- do de Mendoza , who had form’d a defign to drive the Dutch out of the Indies. In ef¬ fect, Don Andreas was beat, and the Dutch Admirals purfuing their courfe to the Moluc¬ cas, arrived there at feveral times one after the The Introduttm, the other. The lame Yatch brought the news of an Engagement at the Molucca s, between James van Nek Admiral, and three Portuguefe Ships, which did not turn to his Advantage; for that after the lofs of eight ot nine Men, and fome of the Fingers of his own right Hand, he was oblig’d to Iheer off! ’Twas this VefTel like wife that brought the firft intelligence of the taking of a Por¬ tuguefe Carack by James Heemskirk. Upon the arrival of this News, another Fleet of thirteen Ships was fitted out, and fail’d De¬ cember the i8r&, under the Command of Ste¬ phen vander Hagen. In the year 1605, the King of Spain iflu- ed forth a fevere Declaration, in which he prohibited the Inhabitants of the United Pro¬ vinces , to Trade to the Dominions of Spain, or to the Eaft and Wefi-Indies , under the pain of Corporal Punifhment. But the Gompany was fo far from being over-aw’d : by this Edidt, that it rather infpir’d ’em' with frefh Courage, and animated them to purfue their defign with more Vigour and Diligence. In a word, they prefently fitted out a Fleet of eleven Vends, which were fit not only for Traffick, but for Warlike; Exploits; and -gave the Command of ’em to Cornelius Matelief. This Fleet had fcarce put to Sea, when the -Directors gave orders for preparing a- nother of eight Ships, which weremann’d: [ . . ; The introduBlon. !not only with a full Complement of Sea- ;men, but with Soldiers, that were engag’d ?to flay and keep Garrifon in the Indies, if ioccafion requir’d. This third Squadron was jcommanded by Paul van Careden. | Soon after, two Ships of the firft of thefe jthree Squadrons came home, with a rich iCargo of Cloves and other Spices. They {brought advice, that Admiral Fander Ha¬ gen would follow ’em very quickly: And ! Accordingly he arriv’d the next July; after :he taking of feveral Spanijh and Portuguefi VefTels, the pofleffing himfelf of the Fort of Amloina, the demolilhing that of Tidora , ind entirely di dodging thofe two Nations of the Molucca I(lands. This Expedition! gave rife to a mighty Difpute, between the Dutch and the Englijh , upon the account :hat the latter favour’d the Spaniards , and )y fupplying ’em with Powder , inabled 1 them to hold out longer. The next Ottober , three other Veflels ar¬ riv’d in Holland , and gave intelligence that 4 y brandt van Waerxoyk was upon his way home, but was oblig’d to put in at the [(land of Maurice , becaufe his Ship was leaky, md that he had taken a Carrack at Patatm This Admiral arriv’d in the Spring 1607, \ but in the preceding Winter the Compa¬ ny had fent two Ships more to the ln- dies, under the Command of John Janfz Moldie , to whom they ow’d the taking of Ithe fort of'Tidora, a A The htroMtim. A Negotiation being then fet on foot for a Peace in the Netherlands, the Company fitted out a frelh Spuadron of thirteen Ships, under the command of Peter Willemfen Verhoven, who had given a fignal proof of his Valour and Conduit in the Engagement at Gibraltar , where he was Vice-Admiral, under the illuftrious Jams Heemskerck. This great Fleet was fitted out with a de- fign, to give the World to know, that no Treaty of Peace lhould tempt the United Provinces to drop their Trade to the In¬ dies. Immediately the Spaniards ftarted a warm Difpute in reference to this Article, which prov’d the fubjedt of their princi¬ pal Conferences. Upon that the Compa¬ ny gave in frequent Remonftrances both to the States-General, and to the Media¬ tors, and prefented to ’em written Memo¬ rials , in, order to make ’em fenfible that there was a neceflity of being refolute upon that Head. In fine, this point being look’d upon as a principal Article by both Parties, fo that it could not be adjufted j the States upon a final Refolution made this Propofal, that either the Spaniards lhould confent to their Indian Trade in the Treaty of Peace, or allow it them by a Truce for fome years, or elfe that things lhould continue beyond the Tropick of Cancer , upon the fame bot¬ tom that they then flood on, and that ei- The Introduction. ther Party fhould make War there, and , do what they could for their own Ad- ' vantage. This done, the Truce of twelve ; years was accepted and concluded ; and upon certain conditions ’twas agreed, that both the Portugusfe and the Dutch iliould continue their Trade where they thought fit, and live in mutual peace. This Affair was in agitation without com¬ ing to any Refolurion, in the year 1608, at which time Admiral Matelief return’d from the Indies with feveral Ships. This Admiral had laid Siege to Malacca , but was oblig d to break it up, in order to give battel to the Portuguefe Fleet that came to relieve it. However he had concluded an Alliance with the King of labor. In the year 1609, the Company fent a very expert Pilot call’d Henry Rudfon with a Flyboat, to find out a North-Eaftor North’ Weil paiTage to China ; but he return’d without bringing his defign to bear. At that time they heard nothing from the Indies , fince the arrival of Admiral Mat elkf , excepting fome advice by the way of England. But the next Summer four of their Ships arriv'd with a large Cargo. They reported that the Spaniards were Hill poilds’d of Ternate , that the Dutch had mafler’d Macian , one of the Molucca Iflands, and that they hop’d in time to poflefs themfelves of Ternate. a 2 The The IntroduBion. The Truce being concluded and pro¬ claim'd in the Netherlands, they refolv’d that a Pinnace fhould be Tent to the Eafi- Indies with a Paflport from the King of Spain and the Archdukes, to acquaint the Spaniards and the Dutch with the Treaty. This Projedt was accordingly put in exe¬ cution ; and towards the end of the year, nine Veflels were fitted out under the Com¬ mand of Peter Berth, both the Seamen and the Soldiers being allow’d to carry their Wives and Children along with ’em. The covetoufnefs of the Merchants occa- fion’d feveral diforders in the buying and felling of Suits upon the Company, which the States-General redrels’d by a Placard publifh’d Pel. the x'th 1610. In May 1611, the Company fent out four Ships more un¬ der the command of Laurence Reael, which were follow’d by a ftrong Squadron that put to Sea the next December , under the command of Adrian Block Martfz , Near' the Cape Nerd Iflands, this Squadron met with feventeen Spanifp Men of War, which fell upon ’em, but were fo warmly receiv’d, that none but four of them were in a con¬ dition to fail for Spain with the news of their Succefs. When the Directors receiv’d advice of a (harp Engagement, they conceiv'd that their Ships muft needs have receiv’d fome Dammage; and in order to reinforce ’em, fitted out 7be Introduction. two other Ships the next May, under the command of John Pieterfz Coen. In fine, .the Commerce to India became fo com¬ mon, and the Forces of the Company grew ?to that height, that in the years 1613 and 51614, they fitted out very near 5.7 Ships, iat feveral times, under the command of feveral Commadores, particularly Reyajl and ’t Lam. In order to a full view of their 'great fuccefs, we need only to call our Eyes upon the following Lift of the Dividends 'that were made. fi6oy in June 15 } 1606 in April 7 A 11607 in H 4 °j An, D. <:'i6o8 in April 10)per Cent. j 1609 in June *5 i 1610 in Augujl 5 ° I1613 in May 37 d .! The Company being in fuch a flourifhing "condition, the next year, viz. 1617. the States joyn’d with ’em in fending a ftrong i Squadron to the South-Sea by the way of ,the Magellan Straight; upon the profpecft of •-'furprifing the Spaniards, and weakening them ion that fide, after which they might have :;an eafie paflage to the Indies. George van \Spillergen was Admiral in this Expedition. I The fame year fome Merchants, among I whom Ifaac le Maire bore the greateft ft' The ftitrohBion. gure, endeavour’d to fupplant the Company, and draw fome part of their Commerce into .their own hands. With this view they refolv’d to fearch for another PafTage to the South- Sea, than that of the Magellanick Straight; and for that end fitted out two Ships in June 1605, under the command of Cornelius Wil¬ liam Schouten , and James le Maire. In effedt, thefe Commodores found out a PafTage to the Southward of the Straight of Magellan, which they call’d Maire Straight. By that PafTage they enter’d the South-Sea, and fail’d as far as the Molucca's ; but when they came to Batavia , their Ships were hop’d and fequeftrated,upon the plea of their going upon an Expedition, contrary to the Patent given to the Compaq ny by the States. At that time the Company fuflain’d great Ioffes, and their Trade was much impair’d,by the means of fome powders that were import¬ ed, and mix’d with the Spices by the retail Merchants: This the Company reprefented to the States, and thereupon a Placard was iffued forth for preventing the like abufes for the future. In June 1607, George van Spilhergen re¬ turn’d to Holland after two years abfence, in which he fail’d round the World. Cornelius William Sckouten , and James le Maire , who had fet out from Holland the fame year with himfeif, return’d on board of him. But James le Maire dy’d by the way on the x%d of the preceding December. The 1 Tl)e Introduction. The States perceiv’d that lome Poten¬ tates were alarm’d with the Company’s Pros¬ perity, and did their utmoft to oppofe it; particularly by inveigling their bed and tru- Veft Seamen, and drawing them off from their ^Service. Upon this apprehenfion the States jpublilh’d an Edid, by which the defertion jof Seamen was exprdly prohibited; \ In the yeari6i8, and 1619, the Compa¬ ny had very good luck, for they receiv’d from the Indies at feveral times ten Ships with rich Cargo’s, valu’d at 6 or 7 Milli¬ ons. This new progrefs infpir’d ’em with frelh courage; not only in refilling the Spa¬ niards, but in concerting their ruin by way of Reprifal. This work was carry’d a great way by the diligence and affedion of Lau- jrenceReael,a very knowing and prudent Man. Irhis Man ferv’d nine years in the Indies , Where the Company honour’d him with ;the moft confiderable Poll; and then he return’d to Holland A. D. 1620. : About that time the abufes and unwar¬ rantable pradices ralating to the fale of ■the adions againfl: the Company, began to revive: Upon which the States found jthemfelves oblig’d to renew the Placard Of 1610, with a few Amendments fuitable to the circumftances of the time. 5 In the year 1621, the Ship call’d Goede freede arriv’d in Zealand, having on board five Children of Kings and Princes, in or- I a 4 der *Ibe Introduction. der to their'Education in the Provinces, and inffrpdion in the Chriftian Religion, purfuant to the tenour of the Letters that were writ to the Prince upon that Sub- jed. In February i6zz, two Ships more came home with rich Cargo’s. They brought advice that the Indian Trade flourilh’d ftill, thaf they continued to wage War with the People of Bantam at Java, and with the Spaniards in the Molucca and Manilla I- flands j and that they had already poflefs’d themfelves of the Ifland of Banda. Soon after there arriv’d three more, with advice that the laft Ships that were fent out, had arriv’d fafe in the Indies in four Months and three days failing. The Company’s Patent expir’d this very year, viz. i6zz. and a difference arofe be¬ tween the Directors and the Subfcribers, that might have run to a great height, if the States had not interpos’d. Thefe wife Mediators appeas’d all by their pru¬ dence. The Diredors accounts were call’d for, and purfuant to the meafures of E- quity and Reafon, a Dividend of z; per Ce»fwas allotted to the Subfcribers, and pay’d ’em in Cloves. After that the Com¬ pany obtain’d a new Patent for zi years, commencing from 1613. By vertue of the renewal of the Patent, the Company had the fatisfadion to fee four The IntroduBioiu four Ships richly laden return in Oflober. • The difference between the Englifh and Dutch, that had jain.fo long in fufpence, was then accommodated, upon the pay¬ ment of 800000 Livres by the Dutch to the Englifh. I The infinite advantage that redounded to the Country by the erecting of this Com¬ pany, could not diffuade the envious from thwarting it to a flaming degree. To re¬ medy this, and prevent the other inconve¬ niences that might happen, the States thought fit on March the 1 \th i6x], to amplifie their new Patent. ; After the difcovery of a new Paffage to the Pacifick -Sea, made by fames le Maire , their High Mightineffes in conjunction with the Company, came to a refolution to fend another flrong Squadron that way to the Indies , in order to ruine their E- nemies. This Fleet fet fail in April, under the Command of fames I’Hemite : But be¬ fore their departure, two Ships and a Yatch fet out for the Indies by the com- tnoncourfe. The next May two Ships came :home, and found a very good Market. : : The abufes in the fale of actions, oblig’d the States to revive a third time their Placard upon that head. September next fohn Peter Coen arriv’d at Goeree with four Ships on the Company’s account; and a fifth which had draggled from The Introduction. from ’em by the way, arriv’d the next November. At that time a handful of Mer¬ chants bought up at one fale all the Com¬ pany’s Pepper, the quantity of which a- mounted to 19000 Bales; and the Sum which they pay’d for it, amounted to 4500000 Livres. This I take to be a very remarkable thing. In May 1614, the Haes Yatch return’d, ha¬ ving fail’d to Batavia , and home again, in the fpace of nine Months and feven Days. Their intelligence imported, that all things went well in that Country, except¬ ing that the Englifi had rais’d fome Com¬ motions at Amboina ; that the Dutch us’d their utmofl efforts to hinder the Spani¬ ards to trade in China, and hop’d for fuc- cefs. That three or four Ships were ta¬ king in their loading, in order to return home. Accordingly three homeward bound Ships arriv’d the next September ; and in May 1615, another call’d the Heufden ar¬ riv’d from Suratte , which gave advice that their affairs were in a pretty good pofture at Ormus, and in the neighbouring Coun¬ tries, from whence three Ships more re¬ turn’d the next Spring. The Schoonhoven , an outward bound Ship for the Indies , met with a violent florm on the coafl of Spain, and was call away off St. Jago, where 2 6 of the Men were fav’d, aiid carry’d to Spain. This Affli&i* ' OIJ The Introduction. on was alleviated by the arrival of two Ships from Suratte, in February \6z6, and two more foon after having on board an Embafiador from the King of Perfia. They brought the news of the Victory obtain’d over the Portuguefe, and of the great com¬ motion in Suratte occafion’d by the King’s Son, his taking up Arms againft his Fa¬ ther, infomuch that both Armies were in the Field when the Ships came off. Upon this intelligence they fitted out a Squadron of nine Ships bound for that Country, under the command of Wybrandt , who fought fo bravely at Serra Leonis with Compaen the Pyrate. In June two Ships of James ! Hermite’s Squadron came home, and before the year was out, a Ship return’d from Coromandel. Their Commerce fiourifh’d fo much, that they were oblig’d to enlarge the number of their Ships every year ; and the Com¬ pany was fen fible that their Profperity was chiefly owing to the good conduct of their Admirals: Upon which confideration they (ollicited John Peter Coen to make a fecond Voyage to the Indies , in the quality of Governor General. At laft Coen confented, and put to Sea in April i6zj. Soon after the Rotterdam came home, and was quick¬ ly follow’d by four other Veflels, under the command of John William Perfchoer , who had fail’d from Holland along with . I Her- T he IntroduBion. r Hermite , and arriv’d at his Port in July. ' The rich Cargo of thefe Ships was fcarce unloaded and lodg’d in Ware - houfes, when Adrian Block Martfen was got rea- dy to fail with a Squadron of eleven Ships j this being his fecond Voyage, as well as Admiral Coens. He put to Sea in QBoler ,. and loft two of his Ships in a ftorm, but fav’d the Men and the Cargo’s. In the fame Month of Ottoler , John Karflenfen of Emlden , a Merchant, whofe vigilance and experience render’d him ve¬ ry famous, return’d to the United Brovin -; ces , after a courfe of feveral years admi- niftration. He brought with him three 1 rich Ships loaded at Suratte; and had been! oblig’d to put in at Portfmouth , where an j Imbargo was put upon his Ships for fome! time. In June i6a3, the Company had the fa- tisfadtion of feeing five other Ships come: home under the command of the Sieur Car-' pentier , who had been the Company’s Gene- j ral in the Indies ; and the Cargo of thefe; Ships was as valuable, as that of the for¬ mer. Notwithftanding thefe lucky Adventures the Gompany was perplex’d with fome ac- i cidents, moft of which they had no reafon : to expedt. The Englijh ftop’d their Ships, as often as they had occafion, and the | Dun - 1 T he Introduction, Dunkirk Privateers never fail’d to give J em chafe. This oblig’d ’em to refolve up¬ on keeping a ftrong Squadron every year in the German Ocean, in order to cruife for their homeward-bound Ships, and con¬ duit them fafe to their Ports. The firft Squadron that fcour’d the German Ocean, |vas commanded by John Dirckfz Lam , who had been in the Indies. Upon his approach the Dunkirk Privateers retir’d. I The three Ships that I mention’d above Jas coming from Suratte , under the com¬ mand of John Karjlenfz of Emlden , being flop’d for fome time in England , were af¬ terwards releas’d, and their arrival infpir’d fthe Company with frefli courage. Soon 'iafter their arrival, a Squadron of eleven fjShips fet out for India in OHoher , under I the command of James Speckx , who was |accompany’d by John Valleck , a famous Ma- I thematician. I On the other hand the Company had phe mortification of feeing a Ship call’d ! the Viana arrive, with the unwelcome news, that they had fet iail from Batavia the foregoing January , in hopes to pafs the Straight of Baly in time ; but being difap- 4 pointed run allioar in the Latitude of zi I Deg. upon the South fide of the terra Ma- i gellanica incognita : Upon which they were I oblig’d to throw' overboard a great quan- I tity of their rich Effects, and fo got the The Introduction. Ship afloat again, with great difficulty and danger. Upon their way, they met with Block's Squadron, which had likewife had very ftormy weather. By this Ship they had notice that the People of Java had made a Confpiracy to aflaffinate John Veter Coen , which was difcover’d by a young Chi - nefe Boy. The year 1619 was as favourable to the Company, as thofe that went before: For they had the fatisfa&ion of the arrival of fix Veflels under the command of three feveral Commodores,* who gave ’em to know, that after feveral dilhonourable At¬ tempts, in order to furprife the Dutch , Mce- taram had at laft laid fiege to Batavia ; and at the end of three Months was forc’d to break up, and retire with the lofs of 16000 Men. Veter van den Broecke , who had likewife been long in India, and was the firfl In¬ troducer of Trade upon the red Sea, and the adjacent Countries, return’d home the next year. He brought with him feven Ships , the Cargo’s of which were va¬ lued at 8 Millions: But thefe happy Arti¬ cles were accompany’d with a very difa-; greeableCircum (lance, for of the eight Veflels: which he commanded, he brought home but fix, one being loft by fire under the: Acores Iflands, and the other having drag¬ gled from the Fleer. However the laft w 7 ent \ The Introduction. 'Iwent round Ireland, and came £afe home. 'iBroecke acquainted the Company that Ge¬ neral Coen dy’d fuddenly two days before itbe arrival of James Speckx , and that Speckx Rafted as General by way of provifion. In Ifine, Antony van Dieaven return’d in the lyear 1631 with feven VelTels, which ^brought the Company incredible Treafures. | Perhaps the Reader may defire an ac¬ count of what happen’d in the following iyears; and indeed I lliould willingly have Ifatisfied his Curiofity, if I were not now ■arriv’d at the end of my Project, For in |this Preface, I only mean’d to give a com¬ pendious sketch of the origin and growth M the Company, and the Rate it was in fat the time where I leave off! One part lof my view in this performance, was to lliew the World, that by the divine Bounty !|nd Protection, mutual Charity and Fide¬ lity, has been maintain’d between the States mdthe Subjects, the Directors and the other \dventurers,’ That the Arms of the Com¬ pany have purchas’d ’em both Glory and Intereft in foreign Countries ; and in fine. That Heaven has blefied the Company with faccefs, in oppofition to the hopes of their inemies, and thofe who envy’d the State, >f which the fame very Company has been for a long time, and is ftill the firmed: Pillar, for this may God be for ever prais'd, as being the only Author of fo great a Blefling. j 'Books lately Printed. 'T'HefywMw Hijlory from'the building of ihe City, to ! the removal of the Imperial Seat by Conftantine thi- Great, t§c, 8° % Vol. By Laureucc Echard A. M. Pro’ bendary of Lincoln, and Chaplain to the Right Revel rend James Lord Bilhop of that Diocefs. | A New Voyage to JW^.with curious Obfervations otj feveral other Countries, as Germany, Switzerland, Saved Geneva, Flanders and Holland, together with ufeful In-j ftrudions for thofe who lhall travel thither, done out olj French, the Second Edition enlarg’d about one Third; and enrich'd with feveral new Figures, in 2 Vol. ! A New Voyage to the Levant, containing an Account of the molt remarkable Curiolities in Germany, France I Italy, Malta and Turky, with Hiftorical Obfervations rcj lating to the prefent and ancient State of thofe Count tries, by the Sieur de Mont • Done into Englijk, and a-| dom’d with Figures. The third Edition, correded. 8°. f The compleat Horfeman, or perfed Farrier, in two Parts. Part I,difcovcringthe fureft marks of the Beaut ty, Goodnefs, Faults, and Imperfedions of Hor-, fes; the belt method of breeding and backing of Colts? making their Mouths, Buying, Dieting, and otherwifc ordering of Horles: The art of Shoeing, with the level ral forts of Shoes, adapted to the various defeds c; bad Feer, and the prefervation of good, the Artot R: ding and Managing the great Horfe, Q'c. Parc 11; Contains the Signs and Caufesof their Difcafes, will! the true Method of curing them: Written in Frc/ai by the Sieur dc Solleyfell, Querry to the prefent King e; France, and one of the Royal Accademy of Paris. bridged from the Folio, done into Englljh by Sir Willi: am Hope, with the Addition of feveral excellent Re-; ceipts by our bell Farriers, and Diredions to the Buy ers and Sellers of Horfcs; Illuftratcd with feveral Cop per Plates. I 0F THE I Hollanders and Zelanders I Along the Coafts of \ Norway, Muscovy, and Tartary 3 ■; In Queft of IA Paffage to the Kingdoms of CA- ! 5 THAI and CHINA . ■W^sHE Ancients, who were great Admirers of i uncommon things, always related fome ex- H traordinary Occurrences inlaying the Foun¬ dations of Empires, States, and particu- ■ Societies: But now the World is grown graver, d is affeded with the natural Defcriptions of Pla- s arid Things, without hunting after Prodigies: In- uuch that fome who delight in ftrange Relations, are rprifed and out of humour to find no orher Enter- inment. than the natural and plain Steps that have been ade in the Produdion of great Effeds. The Empire founded by the Dutch in the EaftAndies the beginning of the laft Age, is one of the beft Pie- s of Hiftory, and at the fame time one of thofe ex- lordinaty Events that are not at all forefeen in their ft Attempt: For it feem’d fo remote from the De- ;n of the Adventurers, as if Chance had accomplilh'd The Firfi Voyage of the Dutch fo vaft an Enterprize, with no Appearance of Defign, and with very little Strength or few Forces. • The firft Journal in this Volume difcovers nothing, but a Voyage without any remarkable Succefs, and yet the Navigation defcrib’d in it was the great Inducement to the United Provinces to make another Attempt, in which they difcover’d thofe rich and fertile Countries which'they have ever lince poffefs’d. The firft Under¬ takers were Merchants, who defiring to promote Trade and Commerce, made the Propofal to the States, and obtain’d their Requeft ; and the Execution and Succeft'*’ of their Navigation into thofe Parts has prov’d the Source of all the Glory and Wealth of their Coun¬ trey. The Chief Merchant of the Company was Balthazar Moucheran a plunder j he defired the States, and Prince Maurice their Admiral, to grant him Liberty to fail Northward to find out a Paffage that way to the King¬ doms of Catbai and China, which was accordingly granted. Soon after the Company fitted out three Ships, one at Amfterdam, one in Roland, and the third at Encbuyfen ; who began their Voyage in the Year 1594, meaning to fail round Norway, Mofiovy and Tartary, if ’twas pof- fible, and fo to reach China. William Barents a Native of Schilling , and an ex¬ cellent Mariner, was Mafter of the Amfterdam Ship, who took a Fifherman of the fame Town and his Bark along with Him tc keep him Company in cafe he lhould Iofe the other two Veilels. Tbefe Ships having fail’d out of the Texel, June 5, landed fome of their Men at Kjldain in Mufcovy the 23d of the fame Month, which Illand we will defcribe in another Place of this Trcatife. The ^th and 5 th at Night Barents' took his Latitude, the Suit being then at the lowed, i. e. between N.N.E. and theEqu.of N.E and found him felf in the La¬ titude of 73 Deg. and 25 Min. being then-five or fix Leagues off Land from Nova Zambia. After that, he took his Latitude again, and fleer’d Eaftward. Having run about five or fix Leagues in the fame Latitude,: they drew near a low Point of Land reaching a great way into the Sea, which they nam’d Lan%ents. Atche Eaft of the Point was a great Bay, through which to find a Pafage to China, &c. % which they fent a Sloop with Men to land j but they found no Inhabitants there. Not long after they found two Creeks between the Cape of Baxo, which is Four Leagues from Langenes, and the Weft- crly Parc of the Bay of Lotus, which is a very com¬ modious and large Bay. To the Weft is a fine Har¬ bour containing fix, (even, and eight Fathoms of Water, where the Sloop landed, and fet up an old Mall that they found there, for a Beacon. They nam'd that Place the Bay of Loms, becaufe they found there a fort of Fowls in great plenty that were very heavy, Lorn in Dutch fignifying heavy. Thefe Birds are fo heavy, and their Body is fo unpropor- tionably big, in refped to their Wings, which are but very little, that ’tis a Wonder how they can raife or buoy up fuch a great Weight. They make their Nefts upon high and Rocky Mountains to fecure them from the Bealls. They brood but upon one Egg at a time, and are not afraid of Men. You may take one of them out of the Nell, and the others which are near will hot fly away. From the Bay of Loms they fail’d towards the Illand of Amirante, the Welterly Coall of which is nor clean, and where there is but a final! Depth of Water, till you go further into the Main Sea : So that you mult bear off, and nfit g pointed to negotiate for them. , The feventh Ship a Yatch, was order’d to come bad and bring News of the other fix after they had doubl'd the Cape of Tahin, which is accounted the extreaa to find the Pajjage to China, it of Tartar) ; or at leaft when they were gone far jgh to fteer to the South without being in danger of The fame William Barents was again made Mailer jiand Pilot of the biggeil Ship of Amfterdam , and James ij-Jeemskiili was Supercargo ; the fame Hectmkjrk., who 2 Years after, 1607. got fo great a Reputation in; he famous Sea-fight in the Bay,, and under the Cannon >f the Fort of Gibraltar. Gerard de Veer embark’d alfo jn board the fame Ship, out of whofe Journal we took his Relation, They fail’d from the Texel the id of June, 1595. about n-rifing. The 14;/; they faw Norway. The lid a- ng through broken Ice : But the Channel, which is sadly between the Cape of Idols and the Countrey of te Samoides ,• was fo full of Ice, that it was impofiible to lil through it. Then they reiolv’d to enter into the Bay, which they call’d the Bay of Trane, becaufe they found 1 it a great quantity of Whales Oil. That Bay is a very ood one, and fhelter’d from Ice and all manner of Winds. You may go in as far as you pleale to five, four and three Fathoms Water on a very good Ground ; but n the Eaft Side it is deeper, . Auguft the lift 50 Men landed to view theCountrry. They had fcarce gone two Leagues, but they found fe- eral Sledges loaded with Furrs, Whale-Oil, and other The Second Voyage of the Dutch' Merchandife; they difcovered alfo the Footfteps of .Men, and of Rain-deer, upon which they conjectured, that fome Men lived not far off that Sea, or at lead came thither often; befides, the Idols they faw at the top, confirmed them in that Opinion. . Advancing farther into the Country, they were in hopes at length to find fome Houfes and Men, who would be able to give them an account of that Sea, and of the Navigation in thofe parts; but after a great deal of pains and fatigue, they found neither Houfes nor Men. However, fome of them advancing to the South- Eaft towards the Sea-lhore, found a practicable way in a Marlh, and going into the water up to the calf of their Leg, they felt a folid bottom ; and in fome pla¬ ces which were not fo deep, the water was not above ’ their Shoes. They rejoyced when they arrived at the Sea fide, thinking they lhould be able to difcover a pafTage, be- coufe they faw fo little Ice, and therefore thought to go through ; and accordingly went on board again that li¬ vening to carry the News. The Mafter had alfo rowed with his Yatch a pretty way, to know whether the Sea of T artary was open; but the Ship being not able to penetrate that Sea becaufe of the Ice, they made to Cape Crtfl, where the Boats Crew left her, going by Land to T mftboeck^ or the Cape of Difpute ; there they faw that the Ice of the Sea of Tartary lay in heaps all along the Coafts of RjiJJia , and at the point of tVaigats. The 13 d of the fame Month, they met with a Bark pf Pit^ora, made of the bark of Trees fewed together, which failed to the North, to get Seacom Teeth, and Waalei Oyl, to load fome ptijfu Ships which were ex¬ pected at fVaigats, When theyfpake with thefe Ships, they told them they were bound for the Sea of Tartary, to crofs the River Oby, and winter at Vgolita, a place in Tartar as they ufed to do every year : they faid alfo, the paf- fage out of the Streight would not be fhut up by the Ice in two Months time, or two Months and a half, and then they might go into Tartar) oyer the Ice, upon the Sea called Marmare. II ) to find a faff age to China, &c. | Auguft the lyb, the Dutch return’d to the Bark, where [they were received by the Bttffians with all demonftra- tion of Friendlhip, to which they returned the like. [The RjtJftans who had a great many fat Geefe, prefented jthein with eight, and the Dtitch having invited fome of them on board their Ship, feven of the t\iiffians went a- jlong with ’em. | Being on board, they admired, and were furprilcd to jfec fo great a Ship fo finely built and equipped, which they viewed very curioufly. The Dutch fet before ’em, Flefh, Butter, and Cheefe, which they would not taft, becaufeit was a Fall day; but they eat pickle Her¬ rings heartily, (wallowing them Head and Tail at one Mouthful. Upon which the Dutch prelented them with a whole Barrel, and receiv’d a return of many thanks; after that they conduded them in the Yatch to the Bay of Trane. The ‘iift of the fame Month, Barents fteered towards the Northerly Coaftof Waigats , where he found fome of thofe Men called Samoidcs, whom we reckon to be Savages, though they are not abfolutely fo; for the Dutch having advanced a League into their Country, met with twenty of them, and had fome Converfation together. It is true, the Dutch could not prefently be feen by the Samoides, becaufe of a great Fog, but when the Dutch difeovered them, they were very near, and divided into two Companies. The Interpreter going before to fpeak with them, one of the Samoidcs came alfo to meet him, and approach¬ ing near him, drew an Arrow out of his Quiver, and threatned to kill the Interpreter; who having no Arms was frighted, and cryed out. Pray hold, we are your Friends. Prefently the Samoide laid down his Bow and Arrow, and made figns that he would fpeak with him. The Interpreter having told him again tVe are your Friends : Well, replyed he, you are very Wellcome ; and after they Saluted one another, by bowing their Head to thefiround, after the Ruffian manner. The Interpreter having asked him fome queftions a- bout the Condition and Situation of the Country, and of the Sea on the Eaft fide of it beyond the Waigats ; he anfwered, that when they had palled a Point about five days fail further to the North-Eaji , they would find ? Sea to the Soutb-Eaft. He faid moreover, he knew The Second Poyage of the Dutch knew it particularly, becaufe one of his Comrades had beeijfent thither by their King,with fome Troops under his Command. The Samoides have the lame Habit that Savages are reprefented to wear, and upon that fcore they may be call’d Savages ; though upon other accounts, they do not deferve that Title, for they Ihow a great deal of good.ienfe in their Condudr. They are commonly clothed with Raindcer Skins, which cover them from top to toe, only the Grandees among them, cover their Heads with pieces of colour'd cloth lined with Furrs. ' Others wear Caps of Rain- deer Skins, the hair out fide, and very fit to their Heads. Their Hair is long and tyed up in one t refs, hanging over their Back. { They are of low Stature, with Faces broad and flat, little Eyes, and fliOrt Legs, they are very nimble in running, and leap very far ; they are Miftruftful of all other Nations, of which you (ball have fome In- ftances hereafter. Tho’ the Dutch ufed them with great Friendfhip and Confidence at this firft Interview, yet coming a fecond time the firft of September , they defired the Samoides to allow them a narrow view of their Bows, but they re- fufed it, and told them they did not like their asking Their King had Guards who patroul’d up and down, and took particular notice of all that was bought or fold. A Dutchman coming near the King, and bowing to him, prefented him with a Bisket; the King took it very civilly, and eat it prefently, but in eating it, was ftill looking about on every fide, and obferving what they did. Their Sledges are always ready, and drawn by one or two Raindeer, which run with that fwiftnefs, that ( no Horfe can, match ’em. A Dutchman (hooting off a Musket towards the Sea, they were all fo frighted, that they run and ftampt like Mad-men; but foon came to themfelves,when they were told,, there was no ill defign againft them. Then the. Dutch told them, that thofe were the Arms they made ufe of' in Read of Bows and Arrows. Now to .(hew them the Force and the Ufe of thofe Arms, a Dutchman took a little, flat Stone^ no bigger than ,a Crown-piece, laid it at fome diftance upon a ri- ’ fing to find the Pafage to China. fing ground, the Satnoides knowing by forae figns that were made to them, that he was going to do fomething extraordinary; about 50 or 60 of ’em got near the place where the Stone was laid ; the Dutchman (hot off his Gun, hir the Stone, and broke it in pieces, which mightily lurpriz’d theSpedlators. Af length they parted with Careffes on both fides, and when the Dutch got on board their Yatch, they pulled off their Caps, founded their Trumpets, and the Samoidcs having alfo faluted them after their manner, went into their Sledges. A little while after, one of them came back to the Shoar, to demand an ordinary Statue which a Dutch¬ man had taken away ; he came on board the Yatch, and feeing the Statue, made them underftand what an ill Adtion it was, to fteai away their Idol. Whereupon they gave it him again immediately, and he placed it upon a little Hill near the Shore, and afterwards took it away in a Sledge. By this and other Inftances- it is obfervable, that thole Statues were the Gods of the Samoidcs, of which the Dutch found above a hundred upon the point of Waigats , and therefore named the place, Idols Point. They were horridly made, being round at the top, and having in the middle a fmall elevation for the Nofe, with two little holes for the Eyes, and another hole under the Nofe for the Mouth; round about thefe Idols, they faw abundance of alhes, and the bones of Rain- deers, which inclined them to think the Samoidcs had Sacrificed thofe Beads to their Idols. The Dutch Sailing from thence the id of September , two hours before the Sun riling, got a League to the Eaft of Tmifiboeck , by that time the Sun rofe, and (leer¬ ing to the North till about Noon, they found they had advanced about fix Leagues. But after that they found fo much Ice, the Winds changed fo often, and the Fog was fo thick, that they were forc’t to Tack, and make Ihort Trips, till they brought the Ship to the Eaft of the Illand of the States, about a Musket-fliot off the Shore. They landed in this Illand, which hath plenty of Hares,- and kill’d a great many of ’em. Sept: 1 6th, Some of the Seamen landed again in fearch of a fort of Stones, much refembling Diamonds, The Second Voyage of the Dutch of which there are abundance in the fame Ifland. Du*I ring this fearch, it happen’d that two Seamen lying| upon the ground, not far from one another, a meagre! white Bear came foftly up, and took one of them by the' nape of the Neck; the Seaman not knowing what icj ; Was, cryed out, who holds me by the Neck ; his Com*'; rade looking up, told him, Oh my dear Friend, tisa[ Bear, and rifing up, run away as fall as his Legs could [ carry him; and the Bear bit the other in feveral places! of the Head, and fuck’d the blood out. The reft of the Crew on Shore being about twenty in number, run prefently with their Guns and Half- pikes, and found the Bear devouring their Comrade ; but the Bear fee¬ ing them coming, run upon them with an incredible fury, attacked one of them, carryed him away, and tore him all to pieces; which fo frighted the reft, that they all betook themfelves to their Heels. Thofe that flay’d in the Yatch and the Ship, feeing them running fo fall towards their Veflels, manned their Skiffs, and rowed towards them; when they landed and ,faw fo pittiful a fight, they would have perfwaded the 'others to go back and fight the Bear, but moft of them refufed it, faying, our Companions are dead, we can¬ not fave them, if that were poflible, we would go with as much courage as any of you ; but now nothing can be expected but a dangerous Vidtory, which if obtain¬ ed, will be neither Honourable, nor Advantageous to os; po-fibly we may kill that Beaft, but if any of us fhonld be deftroy’d in the Encounter, the glory of ta¬ king or killing that Bear, would be bought at too dear a price. Notwithftanding thefe Reafons, three of them ad¬ vanced a little way, while the Bear continued to de¬ vour her prey, without being frighted in feeing thirty Men together fo nigh her. Cornelius Jacob the Pilot, Ham van Vjfelcn Clerk of Barent% Ship, and William Gyfin Pilate of the Yatch, were the three Men. The two Pilots having fhot three times without hit¬ ting the Bear, the Clerk approached nearer, and fhot her in the Head near the Eye : yet fhe would not for- fake her prey, but holding it by the Neck, carryed a- way the whole Body. But they perceiving the Beat reel and ftagger in going along, the Clerk zadz Scotch- man .purfued, and wounded her in feveral places with to find the Pajfage to China, &c. their Daggers, yet ftill (he kept her Prey. At laft Gy- fen the Pilot having given her a great many blows on , the top of the Head with the But-end of his Musket, ;which knock’t her upon the ground, the Clerk jumpc over and cut her Throat, and her Skin was carried to Amsterdam. Sept. $tb, they put to Sea again, but found fo much iof Ice, that it was impoflible to fail through, and there- jfore were obliged to return about the evening into the ifame place. The Admiral and the Yatch of Rater dam i (truck upon fome Rocks, but got off again without any [danger. I The nth of the fame Month, they failed again to the \Tartarian Sea, but were able to make no farther Pro- Igrefs than they had done before, becaufe of the great [quantity of Ice ; fo they returned to the Waigats, and [then fleered to the Cape of Crojfes. The i^tb the wea- ither was a little fairer, and the Wind turned to the [North-Weft, which made the Current run with great jrapidity from the Tartarian Sea. ; The fame day they cruifed on the other fide of fVai- gats towards the Continent, to found the Channel, and [advanced to the very bottom of the Gulph, beyond the jlfland of Queve, where they found a little wooden [Houfe, and a great Canal. Next Morning having ha¬ iled Anchors on Board, and put up the main Top-Mafts, |they refolved once more to try their fortune, and conti¬ nue their' Voyage. But the Admiral being of a contra¬ ry Opinion, continued at Anchor. | The 25f/j in the Morning they faw the Ice running [again into the PVaigats, by the Eaft, which made them [weigh Anchor, and get away to the Weft of the Streight jin order to return to Holland. The gof/; the Fleet ar¬ rived in the Illand called Wardhuis, of which we lhall [fpeak hereafter, and lay there at Anchor till the io tb of Oihb. at which time they weighed, and on the i %tb of Hovemb. arrived in the Mettfe, after they had been four Months and fixteen days out. 1 6 ■ The Third Voyage of the Dutch the Third North-Voyage of the Dutch,! . through the Seas of Mufcovy and Tartary to find a Pajfage that way to the King¬ doms of Cathai and China, by the permip on of the Town-Council of Amfterdam, in thi, year 1596. j AFtertwo Voyages, which in point of Succefs no! K* way anfwer’d expedtation, it was debated again,; whether they (hould attempt another. Their Higt! Mightineffes would not feem to authorize it, but coin' defcended, that if any private Man, City, or Corpo; ration, would undertake fuch a Voyage at their owe! charge, they would not be againft it, and if at theirr ’ return, they could give fulficient proofs of Succefs, the; States would give them a confiderablc reward in Money! Specifying the Sum. • The Coun.cil of Amfterdam, who were not at all dif- outraged, fitted out two Ships in the beginning of the year 1596, and the Mariners engag’d upon thefe Terms, that they fhould have a certain Pay and Allowance, if they return’d without Succefs; but (hould have better pay if they fucceeded, which laft Recompence was very co'nliderable; and therefore they took as few Mar¬ ried Men with.them as they could, left the thoughts of their Wives and Children (hould incline them to precipitate their Return. : The two Ships were ready to fail in the beginning of May. James Hecmskirk. was named MafterandCom- miflroner, as before ; William Barents Pilot of the one,. •and John Cornelius IQp Commiffioner of the other. '■ ■-> The i8fA of May they failed from Amjlerdam, and thesad faw the Hit land of Bayer Hill. The 30 tb they were in the Latitude of 69 Deg. 24 Min. and the firft of June they had no Night. June the 2d about half an hour after ten in the Morn¬ ing, they faw a Phenomenon in the Sky, which was v^ry furprizing ; on each fide the Sun they faw another felfe Sun, and a Rainbow crofting the three Suns; belides that, they perceived two other Rainbows, one round I round about the Suns, and another eroding the true i Sun, whofe lower part was elevated 28 Degrees upon ; the Horizon. About Noon they made an Obfervation : with an /lfirob.be, and found themfelves in 71 Deg. of Latitude. John Cornelit% his Ship flood always to the Wind¬ ward of William Barents, without coming near him, upon which Barents tackt to the North-Eaft to get the Wind, and fpeak with her, thinking Ihe was too much to the Weft, and really it appeared fo afterwards. About the Evening Barents rold him they lay too much to the Weft, and that they Ihould fail more to the Eaft; i but Cornelit% anfwered him, he would not enter into the Streight of Weigats. Then they ran to the North-Eaft and by North, and were about fixty Leagues wide of their Point. Barents was of Opinion, they ought to fail to the Eaft, North- Eaft.becaufe they had been a long while to the Weft He would fieer to the Eaft, at leaft for fome while, till they ihould get as much as they had loft ; but Corne¬ lit % would not allow his Reafons, but on the contrary, perfifted in his Refolution of failing always North- North-Eaft, being perlwaded, that if they ihould fleer to the Eaft, they ihould fall into the Weigats. After all, Barent* was obliged to joyn him, and failed to the North-Eaft, and by North, whereas they ihould have fleer’d North-Eaft, or rather more to the Eaftward. June 5 th , they began to fee Ice again, and were fo amazed at it, that they thought they faw alfo Swans. Thofe that were upon the Deck cryed out, they faw a great number of them fwimming, others confidering ic without any prevention, told them, that what they thought were Swans, were only broken pieces of Ice floating upon the Water, and fo it prov’d. About Mid¬ night they failed through the Ice, the Sun being then about one Degree upon the Horizon to the North. The 4f/j they arrived in 74 Deg. of Latitude, fail¬ ing through the Ice, as if they had run between two Shores. The water was as green as Grafs, and they prefum’d they were not far from Greenland ; but the further they failed, the Ice was ftill thicker. The9 th they dilcovered an Iiland in 74 Deg. 30 Min, appearing to them about five Leagues in length. The i itb they landed and found a great quantity of Eggs C of The Third Voyage of the Dutch of Sea Mew ; at laft they got up to a very fteep Moun¬ tain, from whence they could not defcend, without great danger and trouble ; for they could not look down without being frighted, in feeing nothing at the bottom but points of Rocks, ready to tear them in pieces, if they fhould chance to fall; therefore they fat upon their Breeches, and fo Aid down foftly without any hurt, though Barents who was in the Sloop, thought they could never come down alive. The nth in the Morning they faw a white Bear, and rowed with a Sloop to throw a rope about her Neck,and fo catch her; but they durft not do it, for that the wild Bear appear’d too furious. After that, John Cornelit ^ fent them Arms, and Men to reinforce them, then they attack’t the Bear together. The fight con¬ tinued two hours; at laft they cut off her Head with an Ax, and brought her on board Carnelit^'Wis Ship, where being flead, her Skin was twelve Foot long: they eat fomeof her Flefh, but’twas unfavoury and unwholfom, They called that Ifland, thelflandof Bears. The 13 th they weighed Anchor, and as they fail’d along, faw about Evening fomething very big floating upon the Sea. They thought at firft it was a Ship, but coming nearer, they perceived it was a dead Whale, with a great many Sea-Mews upon her. The i7f/j.and 18 th, they failed through abundance of Ice, and came to the South point of the Ifland, but in vain attempted to double it. The iytb they difeover’d anotherLand, and having taken its Latitude, found themfelvcs in 80 Deg. n. Min. The Country they had in view was Spacious, and they coafted it to the Weft .fide to 79 Deg. and a half, where they found a very good Road, but could go no farther, became the wind was North-Eaft, and came diredUy from the Land, the Bay extending to the South and North into the Sea. The zifi they caft Anchor in fight of the Shore, in eighteen fathoms Water, and the Seamen of Barents and Cornelit went together to look for Ballaft, about the Northerly Coaft. Being come on Board again, a white Bear took the water, and fwim’d towards their Ship. Prefcntiy the Crew leaving the Ballaft which they were putting on board, and betaking themfelves to their Sioop, rowed after the Bear, which fwimming a- to find a Pajfage to China, &c.' bove a League into the Sea , they follow'd her with three Sloops and Ship Boats, and charging her, moft of the Arms they made ufe of to kill her, were broken againft her Body, and Ihe threw her felf with fuch ftrength againft one of the Boars, that Ihe had al- moft overturn’d ir. At laft with much adoe, they kil¬ led her, and brought her on board ; her Skin was 13 Foot long. After that they rowed in,a Sloop above a League to¬ wards the Shore, and found,a very good Harbour, fix- teen, twelve, and ten Foot deep, and advancing further to the Eaft, difeover'd two Iflands, reaching Eaftward into the Sea. On the Weft fide was a great Gulph, and another Ifland in the mjddle, to which they rpw'd j and landing there, found great Flocks of wild Geefe, even in their Nefts: but they flew away as foon as they faw them, one they Ihot, and boiled it with Eggs. They are the fame fort of Geefe which come every year into Holland, and efpecially into Wieringen upon the Zj ‘yder^ce, between North-Holland and Frieze land, though none till now could tell where they bred. Some Authors write, that thole Eggs were the fruits of fome Trees in Scotland, that grow along the Sea-fhore, and that the Eggs which fall upon the Land come to no¬ thing ; but thofe that fall in the Sea are prefently hatch¬ ed, and the young Geefe fwim about in the Sea. We mud not wonder if none before knew where thefe Geefe made their Nefts, feeing we never heard of any Ship* that had ever failed to the 8 o;/jD egree, and difeovered this Ifland. ! We muft alfo obferve that though this Ifland which bur Navigators took for Greenland, lies in about 80 peg. yet there is Grafs in it, and Beafts that feed upon it, as Rain-deers and others ; but you fee nothing green, nor any Grafs in Nova Zambia, which is four Degrees tnore remote from the ArtickPole, and no other Beafts, hut Beafts of Prey , as Bears, Foxes, Sit. , . ‘That Country which the Author of this Journal thought to be Greenland, is the moft Northerly Conn- . try that has been difeovered yet. It is Striated between Greenland, belonging to Nortbway; arid, Nova %embia, which belongs to Mufcovy i .arid life difedly oppofite to Fmdnbia , Of the North'part of Norway. That Ifland,- according to' the aioirinr we have when it was i ‘ difeoyeredr The third Voyage of the Dutch ‘ difcovered, and this Relation was publifhed, readit ‘ from 7 6 to 80 Deg. and confequently is above 60 Get ‘ man Leagues in length. ‘ Thus the difference between William Barenu c and John Cornellt of which we fpoke before, gay ‘ opportunity to difcover the Weftern part of tha ‘ Iiland. Since that time, one Httdfon an Englijh-m ‘ hath been there, of whom Hundius faith in his Gru * Map, that he found a-firm Coaft of Ice upon the North ‘ Weft fide of thelfland, between 81 and 82 Deg. 0 ‘ Latitude. ‘ Since that time, the Englifh have failed every Sum * trier into that Ifland, for Sea-Cows Teeth, Whalt ‘ bone, and Whale-Oyl.. The Rjifmn Company 0 ' London, were the firft that traded there, but now th ‘ Dutch, the French, and thofe of Bifeay traffick in thi ‘ fame place: ‘ That Ifland, as wc Laid before, is fituated betweti * 76 and 80 Deg. North-North-Weft of the Ifland c ‘Bears, which is above Norway. It lies in an extra ‘ cold Climate,which the Ancients had reafon toftileuo ‘ inhabitable. There is no Country in the World when ‘ the Nights are fliorter: for during the fix Months 0 ‘ Summer it is always light, and two Months of the fix i; ‘ Winter, when the Sun is beyond the Line, and in pro ‘ portion ro its diftance,the Days are but of 12,10,8, am' * at laft of one hour in length, when the Sun is loweft; ‘ and in the middle of that long Night, it rifes 12 Deg, ‘ and a half upon the Horifon, vi$. by the 80 Deg ‘ and every 24 Hours, you fee the light before th 1 Sun rifes. According to the opinion of Ptolomeus and ‘ others, you may fee that light, when the Sun is li * Deg. under the Horizon. * But though the days are fo long, and the Sun coir * tinues to fliine fo long without intermifiion in tha ‘ cold Country, yet the Summer is the fliorteft and the ‘ coldeft of any of the Northern Countries, “june the ‘ 13th, the Ice was fo thick and fo hard along the Coalls ‘ and ar the Mouth cf the Harbours, that no Ship ‘ could get in, and the Snow continued fo hard in fo® 1 places in the midft of Summer, that the Raindeefi ' were almoft ftarv’d for want of Palture. ‘ The teafonof fo great Cold, and fo long a Wintei there, is, that the Sun never rifes higher there upo» ‘tin 'I’rtnziy or xl Utirtn XjLauL * ! to find the Pajfage to China. %% * the Horizon, than to the 33d Deg. wanting 40 Min. ‘ fo that its Beams never Ihine upon the ground but . ‘ fideways, without penetrating or entring into it, by ‘which means they can never make it warm enough ■ ‘ and by the fame reafon the Beams of the Sun have ‘not ftrength enough to diffipate the Vapours and Fogs ‘ that cover the Ground, and hang fo thick upon the ‘ Mountains, and over the Sea, that very often they hin- ‘ der the Sailers from feeing further than the length of * their Ship. ‘ For the fame Reafon the Ifland whofe Coafts were ‘ difcover'd at the publilhing of this Journal, appears ‘ furrounded with high Mountains cover’d with Snow, ‘ and in the Vales between the Hills there is not one ‘ Tree, nor Bulh, nor Fruit to be feen. The Greens is ‘ but a kind of (hort, thick and yellowiili Mofs, through 1 which come forth fmall blue Flowers ; but fome Sea- ‘ men have alfur’d us, that they faw fome green Grafs ‘ like that we make Hay of. ‘ The Beads of that Countrey are white Bears bigger ‘thanOxen, Rain-deers and Stags. The Rain-deers ‘ feed upon the Mofs, and in a Months time that fome ‘ Ships tarried there, were grown fo fat that they were ‘excellent Meat. ‘ Their Horns are far from being fmooth, and they are ‘ lelfer than Scags ; and tho’ they are not accuftom’d to ‘ fee Men, yet they don’t run away at the fight of them, ‘ nay, fome that were (hot, run for Help to the Men ‘ that ihot them. ‘ There are alfo white, grey, and black Foxes in the ‘ Ifland. The Englljb found there fome Horns, which ‘ skilful Men give out for Unicorns Horns; but thofe ‘ that have been brought into Holland afford no Way of ‘ knowing from whac Beaft they came. ‘ Great Numbers of Whales of all forts come to the ‘ Mouth of the Harbours, many of which are four and ‘ twenty Foot long, and fo big that they yield a great ‘ deal of Oil. Some have no Fins upon their Back, but ‘have long Hair like a long Beard, fometimes five Foot ‘ long upon their Mouths, which are plac’d at the Top ‘ in a Row like the Teeth of a Comb, where other * Fifties have their Teeth. Thofe which lie before and ‘ behind are very fmall, fo that commonly they amount ‘ to the Number of 900. One of thefe Mouths will C 3 ! fetch The Third Voyage of the Dutch • [ t fetch 600 1. and indeed this is the only profitable Com-1 ‘ modity on that Coaft. j ‘ On both fides of the Head Whales have great Fins: * by which you eafily catch them, and wound them mor- [ ‘ tally. When they are wounded, and the Blood comes; ‘ to the Head, they blow the Water and the Blood 1 ‘ tfirougha Hole at the Top of their Head, as high as the. * Mails'of a Ship. After they have div'd and fpent their, ‘ Strength, the Sloops approach them ; and ihooting Ar-! ‘ rows in their Heads, kill them quite. j 5 Whales have hard and black Skins cover’d with ‘ another thin one, which is black and as fmooth as Sat- ‘ tin. They feed upon little Fi(h, which in French are ‘ call'd Puces de Mer, Sea-Fleas, not fo big as a Salient, ‘ They fwim with open Mouth ; and upon fwallowing ‘that little Fi(h Ihut their Mouth. ‘ Here are fome White Whales, but they are not of ‘ much Value ; as alfo fome few Empcradors and Whi- ‘ tings ; a World of Watcr-Fovyls, efpecially Sea-Cobbs, ‘ two forts of Duckers, fome Lombs (which are proper- ‘ ly a fort of LarretsJ Geefe, Drakes and Ducks, which 4 lay very great Eggs, and prodigious Flocks of Wild- ‘ Geefe. ‘ A little further you find Sea-Cow, which might bet- ‘ ter be call’d Sea-Elephants; for they are more like Ele- f phants in their Bodies, Teeth and Skins. Their Skins ‘ are very thick and heavy. One was brought to Am- 4 Jierdam that weigh’d 400 Weight, but they are good ' for nothing, being full of Scabs. They are very fat, 4 and yield plenty of Oil. When they fee another Cow ‘ of their kind dead, they come to her in great Num- j 4 bers, and getting upon her, heat her, and make her rot j * prefently. ‘ Five Leagues further, you may find Canals of frelli ‘ Water, with Sea-Dogs of the fame kind as thofe in Iiol- 4 land; and this is all that could be faid of that Ifla'nd ■ 4 when this Journal was publifli’d. June 13. Part of the Sailors landed to fee how much ; the Comp'afs vary’d while they were a-fhoar. In the \ mean while a white Bear ran towards the Ship, and j would certainly have boarded her if they had not feen ! her betimes, and prevented her by difebarging Muskets \ at her, and fo forc’d her back again $ from whence ihe ‘ . - ■ went | 2 } | to find a Pafiage to China, &c. |vent to the Ifland where the other Seamen were j but Ihofe that tarry’d on board, feeing her go back, fail’d fprefently to the Shoar, and call’d out to their Comrades, Who hearing them, thought the Ship had ftruckupona rRock ; at which Noife the Bear her felf. was fo fright- led, that (he took another Way, and thofe that were a- jhoar rejoic’d at it, becaufe their Companions had no ! Arms. As to the Variation of theCompafs, they found a Dif¬ ference of id Deg. June 24. they came near the Shoar, where they found two Teeth of Sea-Cows both fix Pounds Weight, and ; another little one. The 25 th they fail'd along the Coaft ; in 70 Deg, and having dilcover’d a great Gulph, they : went in, and advanc’d about ten Leagues, but then i were forc’d to tack and get out again as foon as they fcould, the Wind being contrary. | The 2Sri they doubl’d a Cape on the Weftern Coaft, $ where there were fuch great Flocks of Birds, that they cover’d the Sails of the Ship. The 29th they were oblig’d to ftand off the Shoar, becaufe of the Ice, and went to 76 Deg, 50 Min. July the firft they faw again the Ifland of Bcars.There Comelitz with the Officers of his Ship went on board Will. Barents where not agreeing about what Courfe they fhould fleer, they confented that every one fliould go where they thought beft. So Comelitz ftill following his own Opinion, return’d back to 80 Degrees, thinking he could fail by the Eaft ward of that Landlin that Latir iude,and accordingly fleer’d to the North. Barentz on the contrary fail’d to the South to avoid the Ice. The 11 tb he conjectur’d by his Courfe, that he was at C iniinoes, the Oriental Part of the White Sea, which he left to the South, and fail’d to the South- South-Eaft in the Latitude of 72 Deg. and then he thought he was near Sir Hugh Willoughby's Shore. The 17 th lie camera the Latitude of 74 Deg. 40 Min. A- bout Noon he came in fight of Nova %embla near the Bay J Lambs. The 18 th he doubl’d the Cape of the Ifland of Amirante, and the 19//; faw the Ifland of Croffes, where he camera an Anchor, the Ice hindring him fromgoing further. Eijjht Seamen row’d the Sloop a-(hore, where they relied themfelvcs under one of the Croffes vvith a defign C 4 t:om which they mounted, adm.nns ■ ■ nape of it. That Shelf was all cove• at the Top, and therethey found above 40 1 olourof this Shelf was not that of Io"- an . .«■.■». How¬ ever, fome call’d it pure lcc. nd o h, > took it for frozen Earth ; it was 18 Fathoms. Jeep m the Sea, and ten above it. Atiguft 25, about three in rhe Afternoon the Tide began to carry away the Ice, and then they thought to fail by the South fide of Nova Zambia, to he Weft of the (Valgats ; for after they ihould have p;.(Ld No¬ va Zambia, and found no way opened, they had no hopes of going any ftirher. and therefore ditpoled them* felves to return into Holland , when being arrived at t le Bay of Currents, they were ftopt by the Ice, which gvas there fo ftrong, that they were forced to go back. to find a Paffage to China, &c. The i6tb having got into the Harbour of Ice, they [were ftopt there again by the Shelves, floating and [running with io prodigious a Noife and Strength, that lit was iinpoflible to get off. Three Men who got upon [the Ice to open it were like to be drown’d, and indeed lit was a kind of a Miracle that the Ice did not carry them away The Evening of the fame day, they came to the Weft of the Harbour of Ice, where they were obliged to Winter, and fuffered very much, not only by the Cold, but alfo for Want of Neceflaries. The 27 tb the Ice was floating round about the Ship, and it being fair Weather, fome of the Sailors went a-fhore, and marched a good way upon the Continent. In the mean while the Wind turning to the South-Eaft, and blowing pretty Itrong, broke a little more of the Ice, and threw it upon the fore-part of the Ship, which gave the Ship luch Shocks, that it feem’d to touch the Ground at both ends. In this apparent danger they got the Sloop ready to fave themfelves, in cafe of need, and fet up a Flag as a Signal to call them on board chat were a-Ihore, who came pre- fently, thinking the Ship was loft. The a8r b the lee being open, the Ship was well a- gain, but before (he was quite up, Barents and the other Pilot went to view the Prow, and while they were viewing and meafuring, the Ship opened above, and gave fuch a crack, that they thought of nothing but perilhing, but the Ship being fetled right again, they ' ufed all manner of Inftruments to break the Ice, but without effetft, and fo were out of hopes of get¬ ting off, and putting to Sea again. The 10th the Ice began to gather in heaps about the Ship, the cold Wind, and Snow falling very thick con¬ tributed very much to it, and the Ice and Ship cracked fo terribly, that every Moment they expe&ed to fee her (hivered into pieces. The Ice being thicker under that fide of the Ship from whence the ftream came than on the other, made her lean very much; but the Ice heaping after the fame manner on the other fide, the Ship got up right again, and was fupported by the Ice, as if it had been under propt with an Engine. On the 31 ft other Shelves of Ice coming over the pther 7 he Third Voyage of the Dutch ocher, they lifted op the Head of the Ship fo high that ic was four or five foot higher than the reft, and, the back part of the Ship was buried, in a manner, un-- der the Ice, as in a Pit. They were in hopes that the; Helm ought have been preferved, but Lhe Ice broke iti whip to pieces : However, that ferved to fave the bo-! dy of the Ship, for if her Stern had been expofed to' the Ice, continually floating, as the Prow was, ic would; have lifted up the Ship, and at laft have broke her to; ■pieces, or perhaps it might have funk her, which waf what they moft feared, Under that Apprehenfion they had already put tin ' Tender and the Sloop upon the Ice, to make their re¬ treat, and had waited four Hours to fee what would happen. Then the Ice broke of it felf, and was carried away by the Scream. Every one lookt upon that Al¬ teration as a great Providence, and work'd very hard about re-fitting of the Helm, and the Whip Staff ol it ; then they thought fit to take it down, that if they Ihould again be befieg’d by Flakes of Ice, fhe might noi be in danger any more. September the j if the Ice began to heap fo high a- gain, that ic lifted the whole Ship two Foot high with¬ out damaging her. After Noon they prepared to draw the Tender and the Sloop a-fhore. The id the Ship wai lifted up again be new Flakes of Ice, which crack’d her in feveral Pieces, infomuch, that notwuhftandinj the badnefs of the Weather, they refolved to draw tk little Ship a-fhore, with 13 Tuns of Bisket, and twe Hogfheads of Wine. The 3 d, the Ship was furrounded with new Flakes of Ice,joyn’d to thofe that hemm’d them in before. Thes the Cable of their Anchor to the Wind-ward was broket as well as the new Cable, which faftned the Ship to tit Ice. They wondred to fee the Ship continue whole, confidcring the violent Current and vaft Quantity 0! ihc long Flakes of Ice, floating as high as Mountain of Salt in Spain, and at the dtftance of a Mufquet.li.c: fr§m the Ship. The 5*6 after Supper the Ice fqueezed the Ship ft hard, that fhe leaned quite on one fide, and fufferd • much, but did not fplic .- However, thinking lhe could not refill much longer, they carried a-fhore an old Mi' len-Sail, Powder, Shot, Mufquets, Guns, and otha Aw 29 I [ to find the Pajjage to China. Arms, to make a Tent near the Place were the Tender was. They carried off alfo fome Biskets, fome Wine, and Carpenters Tools, to re-fit the Sloop in cafe of need ; befides there was fo little Water about the Ship, that they could fcarce draw a Pail-ful at a time. The -jtb, five Seamen going a-ttiorc, two of them came aboard again, and the other three marched two : Leagues into the Country, where they found a River of freih Water, and great Quantity of Wood along ; the Shore, and alfo faw the Footfteps of Rain-deers : and Elcks, as they apprehended. On the yth, in the Night-time, two Bears came : near the Ship, but run away at the noife of the Trum¬ pets and (hooting of Mufquets, tho‘ none of them did then any Execution, for ’twas pretty dark. The i itb the Weather being calm, eight Seamen well armed went all.ore, to know whether the three other who went before had truly obferved every thing, and whe- I ther they were not miftaken about the Wood they faw along the Shore of the River. For after having been fo often furrounded and ftopt by the Ice. and got off a- gain, they were now fo narrowly clos’d up, that it be¬ ing Autumn, and near the Winter, there was no hopes of getting off, and therefore they prepared to win¬ ter in that Country, and confulted what was fit to be done, in expectation of what Providence would deter¬ mine. It was then finally refolved to provide againft cold' Weather, and the Fury of wild Beafts, and therefore to build a Hut for that purpole. They had an- Opportu¬ nity very favourable to execute their Defign, for they found a-(hore whole Trees with their Roots, which undoubtedly had been brought there from T artary or Mufcovy, for there is none in this Country : So they were certain the three Seamen had toid them the Truth before. So good a beginning mightily encouraged them, and put them in great hopes that God would rake care of them, and fend them fafe into their own Country. The i yb of the fame Month, early in the Morning, the Centinel faw three Bears, one of which ltayed be¬ hind a Shelf of Ice, and the other two came to the Ship. The Seamen going to fhoot them, one of the Bears put her Head in a Steeping-tub full of Meat at a little diftance from the Ship, but (he only fmelc ir. 3o The Third Voyage of the Dutch and went away; In the mean time /he was lhot thrt' rhc Head,, and fell down dead ; and her Companion, after ftanding for fome. time furpriz’d, and obferving that the other lay all along without any Motion, fmelt to it, and then /heer'd off. They followed her in fight, upon which fhe turn’d, and rais’d her felf up to catch fome of the Seamen with her Paws; then they (hot her in the Belly, and (he run away with horrible Howlings. At length they killed her, and having opened her, and drawn out her Entrails, they put her upon her four Feet, to try whether (he would freeze hard enough to be carried in that pofture into Holland , in cafe they (hould get off the Ice with their Ship, In fine, having made a Sledge to. draw the neceffa- ry Timber, they began to build a Hut, at which time the Sea froze two Inches thick. The 1 6th they drew four Rafters from a League off upon the Ice and Snow. The fame Night it froze two Inches thicket in the Sea. The 17 tb, thirteen Men went to fetch Wood. ten lugg’d it away while the other three cut it, The 21 si it froze fo hard, that they were forced to .tran(port the Kitchin into the Hold of the,Ship. The 23d the Ship’s Carpenter died, and was buried the next day in a Cleft of a Mountain, near a Stream of Water ; for the Ground was frozen fo hard, that it was impoflible to dig a Grave. The 25 th they laid the Rafters and the Edifice began to take its Form. The 26th the Wind rifed to the Weft, and the Sea was opened; but the Ship being faft upon the Ice, die Seamen had but little comfort at the changing of the Weather. The whole Ship’s Crew was then but fixteen Men, and fome of them often fick. The 27 th it freczed fo hard, that when the Seamen were at work, and put a Nail in their Mouth, as ’ris ufual, it pulled the Skin off, and drew Blood. In fine, the cold was fo ex- tream, that nothing but faving their Lives could make them work. The 30th the Wind was South-Eaft and Eaft-Sonth- Eaft ; and it fnow’d fo much the Night before and all that Day, that they could not go to fetch more Wood. They made a great Fire round about the Hue to thaw the Ground, and make a kind of Rampier, but all in vain, for the Ground was froze fo hard, and fo-deep, | to find the Pafibge to China, 8ic. 31 that it was not poflible to foften it, and it would have i'pent too much Wood to try it again. Oftober the id. the Hut was ready, and they planted a May-pole in it o f Snow. The fib they faw the Sea as far as they could perceive it was opened, but the Ice about the Ship was neither melted nor crack’d .- fo that one would have thought that the Flakes of Ice were Walls about her, for the Ice was three Fathoms and a half deep in the Sea. The fame day they tore in pieces the Forc-Caftle of the Ship, and with the Boards covered the Hurt, which was done in one day. And the 7 tb, took down the great Cabbin abaft, and with it lined ’he Hutt on all fides. The Wind which had been very high all Night,the 7 tb and 8 tb continued fo all Day, and brought fo much , Snow, that it would certainly fmorher any that durft venture out; befide it was impoffible to walk or en¬ dure the Coldnefs of the Air. The 1 r )ti} the Weather grew a little milder, fo that they could go out -of the Ship. One of the Seamen being a-ll:ore met with a Bear, which he was not a- ware of ’till (he was very nigh him ; he turned back and went to the Ship again; the Bear run after him, but feeing in her way the Bear which they had fet up to freeze, covered all over with Snow, except one of her Paws, (lie made a fliort flop, and in that time the Seaman got into the Ship, and faved his Life. The Seaman was fo frighted that he could hardly fpeak a Word, only a Bear, a Bear. The reft got up to (hoot the Bear, but they could hardly perceive any thing for the Smoak in the Ship, which they had made while they were fhut up, and which no Confideration whatever could have tempted them to endure, ex¬ cepting that of preferving their Lives, which had o- thetwife been quickly loft, through the Violence of the Cold and Snow; but the Bear run away before . they could clear their Eyes. The utb they carried a-fhore the Wine, and other Provifions, and the 1 ztb half the Ship’s Company, lay that Night in the Huct they had built, where they fuffered extremity of Cold, becaufe they had no Beds, and very few Blankets with them ; befides, they cou’d make no Fire, becaufe the Chimney was not yet finifh- ed, and without that the Smoak was unfufferable. . The . The Third Toy age of the Dutch • f The iyb three Seamen went to the Ship, and!oad| ed a Sledge with Beer to draw it to the Hutt, bus the Wind was fo violent, there was fo great a Storm,': and it was fo excelfive cold, that they were forced not only to return to the Ship again, but to leave or their Beer upon the Sledge. The next day they found a Tun of Dant%ic!(_] opp, a Phylical ftrong Beer, butt by the Froft, and the Beer frozen. They drew tb Veffel into the Hutt and fet it up, but the Beer had. loft its ftrength, and was good for nothing. j The 1 6th, in the Night, a Bear endeavonred to get* into the Ship, but hearing the Voice of the Seamen, about break of Day Ihe retired. The i%tb they took the Bisket and Wine out ol; the Canow they had drag’d a-lhore, and found the Witii, but a. little frozen, tho’ the Froft had continued list Weeks. t The 19 tb another Bear would have come into rfc Ship, where there was but two Men left, and a Cabbir.- boy, who were fo terribly affrighted, that the two Met hid themfelves in the Hold, and the Boy got up the Shrowds. In the mean while other Seamen cominj from the Hutt to the Ship, the Beat run towards them, but at the Difcharge of the firft Mufquet, (he fled. The zo tb they went into the Ship to take away .ill the Beer, where they found fome Barrels crackt by the cold Weather, and feveral Iron Hoops were broken oS the Dant3'ick m Veffels. The 24 tb the reft of the Sea¬ men , being eight in number, retired into the new Houfe, and the ninth, who was fick, was drawn thi¬ ther on a Sledge; they drew alfo their Sloop a-lhore, but with incredible Pains and Trouble. j At laft, feeing the Ship was fo frozen that there was; no hopes of getting her off again fo fcon, they carried; a-lhore the Rudder, leaft it lhould be loft in the Snow, for poflibly they might make ufe of it next Summer, being alway in hopes of an Opportunity to return into Holland. In the mean while, the Sun, the only Comfort they had, began to leave them, and therefore with all imaginable Diligence they brought away the reft ol the Provifions that were left in the Ship, and all Ne- ceflaries to fit out the Sloop, and lodg’d them in their Hutt. Qftober 25, being very buly in this Work to find the Pajfage to China, &c* the Matter looking out,faw three Bears behind the Ship, advancing cowards the Seamen. He made a great noife to fright them'; on the other fide the Seamen put them- felves in a pofture of defence, and by good luck find¬ ing two Halberds on the Sledge, the Matter cook one, and Gerard de Veer the other : The reft run to the Ship, but one of them fell down in a crack of Ice, which made the others tremble, thinking the Bears would de¬ vour him, but they run after thofe that went towards the Ship. The Matter, De Veer , and the Man that Was fallen down took their time, and got into the Ship on the other fide. Thefe wild Beafts feeing them got into the Ship, run in great fury towards them ; the Seamen who had no other Arms than two Halberds, threw fome pieces of Wood, and other things to the Bears, who ran after ’em, as a Dog runs after a ftone that is thrown at him. One of the Seamen went down to the Kitchinto ftrike fire, and another went to fetch Piques, in the mean while the Bears began to aflault themafrelh; 6utthe Seamen throwing a Halberd at them, which fell upon the muzzle of one of them, Ihebegan to retire, and the other follow’d her foftly, and fo gave the Seamen time to draw their Sledges to the Hurt. On the z6 the greateft part of the Sea near the Ihore was open, but the Ice was ftill round about the Ship. The Z7 tb they killed a white Fox, Which they roafted, and found the Flelh had the fame tafte with that of a Rabbet. The fame day they mehded the Clock, and wound i£ up: They alfo prepared a Lamp to burn all night, and made ufe of the Bear’s Fat melted for Oil. The zotb they drew upon Sledges a great many Herbs and other things that the Sea had caft upon the Ihore, and laid them upon the Sail-cloth that was about the new Houle to preferve ’em the better from the Cold. « November the firft, in the Dusk of the Evening they faw the Moon riling in the Eaft, while the Sun was high enough to be feen upon the Horizon. The %ifi they faw ic rifing near the South-South-Eaft, and fet- ting near South-South-Weft, but the whole did not ap¬ pear upon the Horizon, one part of it being unfeen. The fame day they killed a Fox with a blow of ® Hatchet, and roafted it. £ 9a The Third Voyage of the Dutch On the id the Sun rofe at South-South-Eaft, a littlJ more to the South than to the South-Eaft, and fet in tM South-South-Weft, a little more towards the South! Theyfaw only the top of its Globe upon the Horizon] tho’ the Land where they took the Latitude was a the Weather being pretty fair, they wafh- ed their Linnen; but as boon as they took‘it out of . boiling Water to wring it, it freez’d immediately : Nay, when they held their Shirts before the Fire, one fide always freez’d while the other thaw’d, and for that reafon they were oblig'd to put the frozen fide in boil* ing Water to thaw it. The 2 id they eat a great Dit'ch Cheefe all together, out of feventeen they had left, and diflnbuted the reft, leaving every one to their own husbandry. The 23 d they catched fome Foxes with the Traps that they made of thick Boards loaded with Stones. The 24//) two of the Seamen bathed being not well,and after the Bath the Surgeon gave them a Purge, which cas’d them mightily. The 26 tb, 27?/),and 28//),it fnow’d fo terri¬ bly,and the Snow rofe fo high, that they were block’d up in their Hutr, and were not able to come out upon any occafion. But the 29 tb the Weather clearing up, they made a way with Shovels, and getting through a hole they had made, they found their Traps cover’d with Snow; but they clear’d them, and took that day a Fox, which vvas good and necelfary Food then, be* caufe they could get nothing elfe, and made themfelves Caps of the Fox-skins againftrhe cold Weather. Decemb. 1 /?. the Snow (hut up their Hurt again, which caufcd'fo great a fmoak when rhey made Fire, that they were forced to lie a-bed all day, except the Cook, who got up to drefs their Vitftuals. The 2d they made ufe of Stones which they put into the Fire, and being very hot, put them into their Beds to warm' themfelves; fuch was the extremity of the Cold. The 3:/, as they lay in their Beds they heard the Ice of the Sea cracking with fo great a noife, that they fancy’d the Mountains of Ice which they faw in the Summer, were broken in pieces, and heap’d again one upon another. _ . They were two or three days without fo good Fire as they ufed to have, upon which occafion it iroze fo hard in the Hurt, that the Ice was two Ihches thick up¬ on the Floor, againft the Wall, and even in their Beds. Then they mended the Twelve-Hours Glafs, and took care to keep it well, that they might know how to cal- iulate the time; for the Frofi had ftop’d the Motion of the Clock, notwithffanding that they augmented the height#.- T? i The - The Third Voyage of the Dutch The 6th, the Weather was fo intolerably cold, that they could fcarce endure it ; they look’d very pitifully upon one another, thinking it would kill them all at Iaft; and indeed it was fo cold that the greateft Fire Would not warm them. The Sack of Seres, which is a very ftrong and good Wine, was frozen, and they were obliged to thaw it every two days, when they diftribu- ted to each Man half a Pint j and befides that they had , nothing but Snow Water, which was a very cold Drink : n the Condition they were in. The 7 tb was alfo a very cold day, whereupon they confulted how to preferve themfelves againft it, and it - was refolved to fetch the Sea-coals out of the Ship, be- caufe they make a good and lading Fire. About Even¬ ing they made Fire with that Coal, which warmed them extreamly, but they repented it afterwards; for fearing to be cold again, they dopt up the Windows, and all the Holes in the Hutt, to keep themfelves hot, and then went to bed very merry, talked almoft all night; but at length they were all fo giddy and light¬ headed, that they could not dand, fome of them craw¬ led to the Chimney, others to the Door and open’d it, but he that opened the Door, fell down into the Snow and fwooned away. De Veer who heard him fall, ran to him, and throwing a little Vinegar upon his Face, he cametohimfelf again. The Door being opened, the cold Air which was in- fufferablc before, recover’d them again, or elfe they had certainly been dead. Then the Matter gave every one a glals of Wine to comfort them. The very day the cold grew harder, and more unfufferable ' than before. An accident fo unexpected difheartned the whole Ships-Crew fo much, that they loft all hopes of returning to their own Country. April the 6 th, in the Night-time a Bear came to the Hutt, and they attempted to kill her, but the Fog was fo great that they mifs’d her, and befides that Misfor¬ tune , their Gunpowder was fo wet it would not take The Third Voyage of the Dutch fire. The Bear came down' the Snow fteps to the Door of the Hutt, and attempted to get in ; but the Matter held the Door fo faft, that the Savage Beaft , went away. It returned again about two hours after, and getting upon the top of the Hutt, made fuch a dreadful noife, that they were all terribly frightned. Afterwards (he got to the Chimney, and made fuch ftror.g efforts to pull it down, that they fear’d Hie would pull it down at laft. However, flic tore the Sail in pieces that was put about the Hutt, and fo lheer’d off. The 8 th and 9 th the Wind being at South-Weft, the Ice went quite away ; but on the 10 th a vehement , Norrh-Eaft-Wind brought it in again in fuch great heaps, that the Sea was covered with it, efpecially towards the Shoar. ' That terrible cold lafted till the x 5 th, and then the Seamen went on board to view the Ship, and found her in the fame condition as formerly. Returning to ..their Hutt, they faw a Bear coming towards them, but putting themfelves in a pofture of Defence, the Bear retired. They advanced to the place whence (he came, to fee whether they could find a Cave, but found only a great hole in the Snow about five or fix Foot deep, narrow at the entry, and broad within. Going afterwards to the Sea-fide, they faw the Sea cover’d all over with Heaps and Rocks of Ice, fo Ar¬ tificially difpos’d, that one would have been tempted to think they were Houfes of fome great City, adorn¬ ed with Towers, Steeples, Baftions and Walls. Seven of them on the 1 ■jtb went to view the Ship again, and feeing the Water open, ventured to go from one piece of Ice to another, till they came to the Water, which they had not done in fix or feven Months before. Then they faw a little Bird diving into the Water, which made them believe the Water was more fpread and o- pen then formerly. The i%th they took the Latitude, vi%. 75 Deg. 58 Min. May the firft they boiled the reft of their Meat, which was as good as ever; but when it was boy led, it would not keep at all. The id the Wind being at South-Weft, and very 1 igh, it fwept away all the Ice in the main Ocean, and ' " ■' every 43 to find a Paffage to China, &c. very one began to talk of embarking, and returning tiro Holland, after fo long a Stay, and fuffering fo many dardlkips. The 3 d all the reft of the Ice was quite __arryed away , except what continued about the jfShip. 1 In the mean while the beft and moft fubftantial part of their Victuals, fuch as Flclli, Oatmeal, cS 'c. failed hem, at a time when they were in a great neceffity, >nd wanted ftrength ro undergo fo many Difficulties 3 ind therefore the Mafter diftributed the reft of the Ba¬ ron, of which they had enough for three Weeks, at ;wo Ounces per day for every Man. May the 4 tb, five of them went on board the Ship, ind found her more furrounded with Ice than ever. For in the middle of M.vrch, flie was but 7 5 Paces from :hc open Water, arid now (he was 500. ’Twas cer- ainly a great Affliction to them, for they knew not iow to draw the Boar or the Sloop to Sea. One of the Seamen faw a Bear at the Door of the Hurt, but file retired as foon as file heard the noife of the Sea- nen. Thefe Savage Beads now began to be more af- fraid, and durft not attack the Men as they did at their firft coming. On the 5 th when the Sun was at the lowed, they ’aw it high enough above-ground. The 7 tb and 8rA the Snow fell lo thick, that they were forced to keep in their Hurts • and fome of the Seamen propofed to tell the Mafter, it was time to depart, but none durft fpeak to him about it; becaufe he had afliired them, they Ihould not go away before the end of July, hoping by that time the Ship would get off the Ice, that being the faired feafon of the Year. The ytb the whole Ships Company being defirous to fee their own Coun¬ try again, beg'd Barents to fpeak to the Mafter, and perfwade him to depart; but Barents by giving them good words, perfwaded them to ftay longer. The 15f/j Barents being again importun’d by the Sail¬ ors, fpoke to the Mafter, who anfwer’d him, he would only ftay till the end of this Month, and then if . the Ship was not off the Ice and able to go, they would Rig up the Boat and Sloop, and go from hence. This Refolution extreamly plealed the Seamen, though they thought the time long; for the Sloop and the Boat would be a great while in fitting for 3 Voyage, 1 44 The Third Voyage of the Dutch On the zoth and zijt, the Wind being at North-Ea! brought in the Ice again; however, every one by ft Matters confent, began to provide what thing he though was neceflary for the Voyage. The 23 d in.the Afo noon they took the Latitude, and found it to be jj Deg. as they had done before. The 2 6th and z^hi> fame North-Eaft-Wind continuing brought more let, and the Seamen laying hold of the opportunity, pref. fed the Matter to depart, and he gave them leave 10 make ready all neceflary Provifions and Stores. The 27 th ten Men attempted to haul the Boat npj the Hutt to refit her,. lhe was fo deep in Snow, tk they had much a do to get her off ; and when thatva done, found themfelves fo weak, that they were n« able to draw her. This troubled them exceedingly, for they really thought they Ihould dye at laft in la place. The Matter encouraged them to try again, fayitf unlefs they refolved to be Burghers of Nova \embh,ii be buried there> they mutt Refit the Boat, withoii which it was impoflible to return into Holland. Till Exhortation was as ftrong and perfwafive as could be. But what can the force of Words and Realon doi< gainft a Phyfical Itnpoflibility ? However, the pool Seamen being weaktied by their long Pilgrimage, ad tir’d with hard Labour, could not continue long atit: Therefore they retted a while, and after Dinner try'J their ftrength again. They made a hard lhift to tun the Sloop upfide down on the fide of the Hurt, and tlra began to refit her. While they were thus hard at work, a furious Bea came fiercely towards them; upon which they all ra into the Hutt, and flood at the three Doors with Guns; and one of them got up the Chimney with a Musktt The Bear furioufly advanc’d towards them, and cam near one of the Doors without being feen by the that guarded it, who was looking another way; Thai within feeing her, cry’d out to him to have a cart, He immediately turn’d his Head, and (hot the Beat through the Body, which made her prefently run t way. Thofe within were terribly frighted when they® the Bear going to devour that Man ; for if the Priffli»J had not taken fire, as fometimes it happen’d, he w® certainly been devour’d; and perhaps the wild heaj to find the Pafage to China, &c. would have alfo got into the Hutt, and done a great leal more mifchief. But being (hot quite through, they knew (he could not go far; and when they faw her fall, they ran out with Arms, and kill’d her quite ; and having ript up her Belly, they found Pieces of Sea-Dogs in her which were notyetdigefted. The 3or/;, thofe that were able to work in re-fitting the Bark, went about it; others mended the Sails, and prepar’d all things neceflary for their Departure. Another Bear came towards them; but they kill’d herprcfently. The laft Day of the Month another Bear approach’d to the Workmen, and forc’d them to leave their Work, and retire into their Hutt. The Bear follow’d them; but three Men (hooting at her all at once, they kill’d her: But it had like to havecoft hem very dear; for having boil’d and eat her Liver, they all fell very fick, efpecialjy three of them, who were in great danger of their Life: But at length they recover’d, which made the reft very joyful; for the Lofs of three Men would have been a great Hindrance to their Return. Having recover’d their ftrength, Jun. 3. they went about re-fitting the Boar, which was ready in fix days. About Evening the Weft Wind blew fo high, that the Seas were open, and they prepar'd to embark. The /\th, Eleven of them went to the Boat at the Sea- fide, and haul’d her to the Ship. There they left three Men to re-fit the Boat or Bark, which was but very little and (harp at the Stern, and therefore they made her broad abaft, and added Planks to the fides to rife her higher, that (he might the better endure the Sea. The reft of the Ships Ctew implod'd themfelves in die Hutt to get all things ready for their Voyage. That lame Day they carry’d two Sledges full of Provifions and other Neceflaries from the Hutt to the Ship, half way to the place where the Sea was open, that they might nave lefs Trouble when they (hould Embark. The 6 th, they loaded two Sledges with Provifions and Merchandize. Afterwards there hapned a great Storm (tom the South-Weft with Snow, Hail, and abundance [ of Rain, which they had not feen for a long time, which oblig’d the Carpenters to leave work, and retire with The Third Voyage ofthe Dutch with all the reft of the Seamen into the Hutt, which was all in a Flood ; for they had taken away the Boards to re-fit the little Boats, and left only the Sail to covet it. Befides the Way to the Hutt, which had been full of Snow, began to thaw; fo that the Men were forc’d to put their Leather Shooes on again which they had thrown away, and gladly to make lliift with them againll the Water. The 7 tb, they pack’d up the beft and choiceft of their Merchandize, wrapping them in Skins to preferve them from Water. . The 8f/> they carry’dthe Packs aboard the Ship, and the fame day the Carpenters had fitted up the Bark; and drawn the Sloop to the Ship. The i o.they made four Turns with the Sledge loaded. They pou¬ red the Wine they haft left into fmall Veflels to diftri- bute it into the two Boats, that if one ot them, was dos'd up by the Icc, as probably it would happen, they might eafily tranfport all things from one to the other, or un¬ load them upon the Ice ro be carry’d off afterwards. On the i ith there hapned a very great Storm from the North-North-Weft, which pm them into Fear that it had broke the Ice upon rhe Sea-fide, ana had fplit the Ship in pieces, in which they had lodg’d their belt Provifions and Merchandize, which would have been the greateft Misfortune ; but God preferv’d them from it. The ntb, they went with Axes, Spades, and other Inftruments, to level a Way thatihty might draw the two Boats to the Sea. The W.ak was very hard; for they, were forc'd to break the Ice, to dig, to carry away the Earth, and indure a great Fatigue ; bur. that which molt vex’d them, was to fee a huge great Bear coming from the Main-fea of T art ary upon a Piece of Ice. None of the Sailors had Arms but the Surgeon who had a Musket 5 therefore De Far run to the Ship to fetch Arms. The Bear who faw him, follow’d him, and would certainly have overtaken him if fhe had not been (hot. Being wounded, (he turn’d towards the Ships Crew, and the Surgeon (hot again, and gave her anodic r Wound. Then fhe went away bur very llowly, becanfe of the Unevennefs of the Ice. At laft fhe was fliot in fo ma¬ ny places, that fhe dy’d. 47 to find the Tajfageto China, See. The i yb, being a fair Day, the Matter and the Car¬ penter went aboard, and made an end of re-fitting ^ the Boat and the Sloop, which were ready to be launch’d. The Waters being open, a frelh Sonth-Weft Wind '’lowing, "he Matter told Barents, who was long fince fick, that he was refolv’d to Embark, which the Seamen heard to their great fatisfadlion, and went im¬ mediately to lanch the two Boats. Then Barents wrote a Journal of their Voyage, with all the Particulars from Holland to Nova \embla, of their Abode in that Ifland, and of their Return ; and ftuck it in the Mouth of a Musket, which he hang’d over the Chimney, that if any body (hould ever come in that Place, they might read it, and know all their Adventures. Now fince their Voyage in the two little Boats would certainly expofe them to many Dangers; therefore the Matter wrote two Letters fign’d by all the Seamen, and laid them up feparately in the Sloop and in the Bark. The Letters contain’d all their Sufferings and Hardlhips during their abode in Nova %cmbla, &c. and that they thought fit to write thofe two Journals, that if their Boats Ihould be feparatedone from another by a Storm or other Accident, or if one of them (hould perifh, they might know by the other every Circum- ftance of their Voyage, and Abode, as a living Tefti- mony of what the Seamen could relate. Having tlius prepared all things, they Hauled the two Boats to the Sea, and eleven Sledges loaded with Provifions, Wine, and Merchandize, vi%. fix Packs of fine Woolen Cloth, a Trunk full of Linnen Cloth, two Packs of Velvet, two little Trunks full of Money, two Tuns of all Neceffaries and Stores, thirteen Tuns of Bread, one of Cheefe, a Barrel of Bacon, two of Oyl, fix of Wine, two of Vinegar, and the Seamens Cloaths. All thefe made fuch a lhow when they were taken out of the Ship, that one would have thought, t’was im- poflible to embark them all in the two Boats. AH things being on Board, Barents and another fick Seaman put on board, and then they figned the two Journals above mentioned. In fine, the 14 th of June 1597. about fix in the Morning they weighed Anchor, and failed from Neva Zambia with a Weft-Wind. They came that day to the Cape 48 The third Voyage of the Dutch Cape of Ijlands, where meeting with a great deal of Ice,' they were furrounded and ftopt by it, and under an appre’ienfion of never coming off again. Four of them went a-fhoar to know the Country, and killed four Birds with (tones. The 15 tb the Ice breaking a little, they doubled the Cape of FleJUngue, and came to the Cape of Dcfire. The 1 6th they failed to the Bland of Orange , and landed there, and making a good fire melted Snow, and put the Water in Bottles to drink. Three other Seamen got upon the Ice into another Ifland, where they took three Birds; but the Matter who was one of them, fell in a hole of Ice and was in great danger of his life by the Rapidity of the Stream. They broil* ed the Birds for the fick. Having put to Sea again, and being arrived at the Cape of Ice, the two Boats met again, and the Matter faluting Barents, and asking how he did, Barents told him, he was better, and had no mind to dye yer. Then he enquired whether they were come to the Cape of Ice, and being anfwer’d yea, hedefired to be lifted up to fee it once more, which he had time enough to do for they were befieged with Ice. On the i jtb in the Morning the Ice run and ftruck the two Boats with fo great a noife, that they were all under a great Confternaiion, and thought of nothing elfe than Death $ for they imagined it was impoifible to ftem the Currents of fo ftrong (helves of Ice that were floating about, nor to avoid being carryed away with them; for they were fo clofe block’d up between two (helves, that they bid adieu to one another. But at laft recalling their Courage, they approached to the firm Ice in order to fatten the Boats to it with a Rope; but no body would venture to fatten the Rope,the danger was fo great: However fince it was fo abfolutely neceflary to fave their Lives at this laft extremity, Dt Veer, who was nimbler than all the reft, took the Rope, and leaping from one flake of Ice to another, got to the firm Ice, and faftned the Rope to it. AH the Seamen forfook their Boats, and carried the fick with them, wrapt up in Sheets, upon the Ice; but at laft by unlading the Boats, and and hauling therfi o- ver thrice, they were delivered from the Death which they thought unavoidable. 49 to find the Patfage to China, &C. The 18 tb rhey re-fitted the two Boats which were ve¬ ry much damaged by the Ice ; and having found Wood to melt the Pitch and Tar, they went.after that a Ihore, to look for Eggs' for the fick, who asked for fome, but they could find none, and brought only four Birds. On the iyth rhelce furrounded them worfe than ever. They faw every where nothing elfe but Ice and no Wa¬ ter, fo that they were quite our of hopes of Deliverance, any otherwife than by a Miracle. The 20 tithe Mailer’s Matecame on board the Sloop, and reported that one of the Seamen was a-dying, upon which Barents told ; him that he could fcarce furvive him ; but the Seamen I feeing him looking in a Map that was made by De ' Veer, of all the Places they had feen in their Voyage, j thought he was well enough. They fat by him, and entertain’d him with feveral Difcourfes, till Barents laying down the Map, bid De Veer give him fome Drink, i and having drunk found himfelf very ill, and dyed ,fo' fuddenly, that they had no time to call the Mafter, who was then in the little Bark. The other Seamen dyed immediately after. They were all mightily con¬ cerned at the Death of B.irent^, as a Perfon in whom they had a great Confidence, he being a judicious Pi¬ lot. and an able Mariner. The lid the Wind blowing a frefli Gale at South- Eaft,they faw the Sea open in many places, but were in great concern how they fliould draw the Boat above 50 Paces over the Ice to the Water, and about 30 Paces more upon Ice again, before they could be able to fail j however they did it with a great deal of courage, and put to Sea between four anti five in the Morning. About Noon they found Ice again, but in the Evening it broke like a Since. Then they failed a long the Coaft, and were again furrounded with Ice, and not- withftanding all their Induftry, could not clear thern- ’clves from it. At laft the Sea being open, they fleer’d away to the Weft. On the 23 d about nine in the Morning they came 0 the Cape of T roofl, where they ftay’d a while for ear of the Ice. The fame day they took their Lari- ude, and found it 76 Deg. 30 Min. The Sun (hone nit finely, but was not hot enough to melt the Snow, B Wch annoy'd 'em much, for they had not one drop >f Water to drink. E The The third Voyage of the Dutch The ii,th at Noon they got off rhe Ice by the help of their Oars, and failing into the Main, had a cleat courfeto the Cape of Najfau, which 'hey law about three Leagues cff. Three Seamen landed there, and brought a little Wood to boil feme Pap which they called Marfommore, to warm their ftomack. The i^th and i6tb a great Srorm arofe from the South, which broke the Ice where the Boats were fa- ftened. The Boats being loofe went to the Main, and were in danger of being loft, it being impoffible to draw them to the firm Ice. Seeing they could not row again-to the (hoar with their Oars, they fleer’d along the Coalt. The Bark Malt broke twice, which forced them to make ufe of the ma : n Sailbut it was hardly put up before the Wind blew fo hard, that if they had not ftruck it prefently, the Boat had certainly funk, and the whole Company had been drown'd ; but it feems their hour was not come, for on a hidden there arofe a great North-Wind which, produced a calm, and favoured their courfe to the firm Ice, though ’tv,’a attended wirh great trouble and danger. When they were arrived there, they lookt out to try if they could fee the Sloop, and not feeing it, they failed through the Ice aborn a League but law nothing, tfien they began to fear (he was loft. In the mtai while there arofe a great Fog, which obliged De Vein Crew to difeharge a Muske:, that the other migk anfwer if they heard the noife; which they did, and by that Signal met together again. The 27 th they fleer’d about a League along the We fterlyCoaftof the Cape of Najfau, where they fawi long the (hoar more Sea-Cows Hpon the Ice, than they ever did before, for they were innumerable. They faw alfo a flight of Birds, and killed twelve of them The 28 tb they unladed all their Goods, and laid then upon the firm Ice, and alfo hailed their Boars upoi it, becaufe the Wind coming from the Sea, blew tk Flakes of Ice towards them with great violence. As foon as they got to the Ice, they made Teffl with the Sails, and lay under them to reft themfelvey having firft polled a Sentinel. About Midnight thrfl Bears'came to the Boats; the Sentinel feeing them cry’dout Three Bears, Three Bears: The Seamen wakj at the Noife, and came out «tf their Tents, with ' ' “ kc« to find the Pafiage to China, &c. $i kts charg’d only with fmall Shot to kill Birds. How- ever, tho’ this (hot did not wound them, yet it made them retire a lifle way; upon which they loaded their Muskets with Bullets, and kill’d one of them. The other two ran away, but came back again the next day about Three in the Afternoon to the fame Place where the Bear was lying dead ; and one of them carry ’d her away in her Mouth a great way off upon the ice, where both of them fed upon her. The Seamen perceiving them, (hot off a Musket, and made them run away. Then four of the Sailors went to the place, and found the dead Bear was half devour’d in fo lhorc a time, but admir’d fince (he Was fo big and heavy, how one Bear could carry her away in her Mouth j for four of them could hardly lift the reft from the Ground. On the 30/6, the Wind being at Weft, blew the Ice away to the Eaft. They again faw two Bears approa¬ ching upon a Float of Ice, which they took to be the fame that had vifited them the day before. The Bears * made at firft as if they meant to attack the Crew ; but at laft they took another Courfe. About to in the Morning another appear’d upon the firm Ice, but re¬ tir’d upon their making a Noife. July the ift, at fix in the Morning, about the Break of day, they faw another Bear upon the Ice who fwotrl towards the firm Ice, but return’d when Ihe heard the Voice of the Seamen. About 9 a-clock fome Shelves of Ice coming from the Sea, tan with fuch Impetuofity againft the firm Ice where the Seamen had lodg’d .their Boats, that they broke the Ice in feveral Pieces, and fet their Boats a-float. This was a very unhappy Ac¬ cident ; for all the Packs of Goods lay upon the Ice, I and moft part of them fell into the Water. Then they Were forc’d to draw the Sloop Over thd Ice near the Shore where they thought to be iefs incom¬ moded by the Floats of Ice. But having drawn up the Sloop when they went rofecch the Packs,they ran as great a rifque as ever; for while they endeavour’d to take up 4 . Pack,, the Ice broke in two and carry’d away the Pack* Nay, it broke even Under their Feet; fo that they could not imagine by what means to fare their Lives* fi * ? The Third Voyage of the Dutch The fame Difficulty they had about the Boat; for the Ice broke under them, and they were carry’d away withhef. She was hurt in feveral Places.efpecially where file had been mended. The Mali was broken, the Beam, and the whole Boat was almoft in Pieces. There was a Seaman lick on board, and they had much ado to take him out; for the Flakes of Ice floated foltrong, and hit fo hard againft one another, that they were in danger every Moment to have a Leg or an Arm broken, or to lofe their Lives. < At laft, after much Pains and Fatigue, the Ice broke a little, and did not run with fuch a Force as before, Then they return’d to their Boat, and drew her again upon the firm Ice near the Sloop, that (he might be more out of danger. That Work lalled from fix in the Morning till fix in the Evening; and the Labour was fo hard, that the Seamen were almoft fpent. They loft that Day two Tuns of Bisket, a Cheftfullof Lin* ^ nen Cloth, a Tun full of Seamens Cloaths and Store! for the Boats, the Aftronomical Circle, a Pack of Scar¬ let Cloth, a Barrel of Oil, one of Wine, and another of Cheefe. July i. about half an Hour paft Four in the After* j noon, the Weather being fairer, fix Men went a* I bout re-fitting che Bark, while fix others wentalhore l to fetch Wood ; who brought alfo Stones, which they laid upon the Ice to make Fire to melt fome Pitch and Tar to pitch the Boat. They alfo brought a Piece of Wood, to make them a Maft, ,and found Tree! lying upon the Ground with Wedges by them ro cleave it, which made them believe that fome body had been there before. The Bark was re-fitted by Two in the Morning ; after which they roafted fome Birds they had kill’d, and eat them with a very good Appetite. On the 3d, they fent two Men ro fetch in freli Water, who found two of their Oars, the Whip- ftaff of the Helm of the Bark, the Trunk full of Linnen-Cloth, and a Hat. They carry’d with them as much as they could, and being come back, four o* ther Seamen went to fetch the reft, and laid it upon the I Ice till they fail'd. The 4 th was fo fine a Day, that they had not feen j the like fince they came upon the Coafl; of N«flj to find the Pafage to China, & they row’d along the Coaft thro' the broken Ice, and at 6 a-clock at Night met with a rapid Current, which made ’em think they were near Coftinf.vcb ; for they then defery’d a great Gulph that they imagin’d to reach to theSea at Tart ary. About Midnight they doubl’d the Cape of Croffes , and entred a Channel that lay between the Continent and an I- Band. The 28 th they coafted along, and about 3. in the Afternoon came to the Bay of St. Lawrence under the Cape of Bailiau, where beyond the Point they found • ■ • ' ' two %7 two (mill Ruffian Boats at Anchor. ’Tis impoflible to imagine how they rejoic'd to fee Men in that Place. But their Joy was much abated, when they confider’d that thofe Men perhaps might be Savages, or fiich as would look upon ’em as Enemies. However, they went a Ihore with extream Difficulty. As foon as the Ruffians faw ’em coming they left their VVork and came to ’em without any Weapons ; and approaching near, they faluted one another with great Civility. Some of the Rtijfians knew the Dutch again, and could not but look upon them with Compaflion: Th eDtttch alfo knew them to be fome of the famePerfons whom they had leen in the laft Voyage. The Ruffians were amaz’d to fee ihzDutchmcn fo lean and poor, in fuch fmall open Boats, whom before they had feen in a great and fine Ship well accoutr’d. Two of’em clapt the Matter and DcVcer very fa- | miliarly upon the Shoulder to let them underftand they had not forgot them ; for of all the whole Ships Com¬ pany, there was only‘two of them that had' made the laft Voya'ge when they faw the Ruffians. They inquir'd of ’em what was become of their fine Ship. The Dutchmen made ’em anfwer by Signs, that fhe was loft in the Ice. What, reply’d they, is fhe loft? Yes, faid the Dutchmen, we have loft her. Then the Rtiffans put ’em in mind of the good Wine they drunk in that Slup. One of the Seamen under- ftanding that they talk'd of Drink, fetch’d fome Water and prelented to them to drink ; but they (hook their Heads, faying No dome, that is to fay, Not good. The Matter opening his Mouth to (hew them he was very lick of the Scurvy, ask’d them whether they knew any Remedy for it ; buc they thought he made Signs that he was hungry, and therefore went to their Boar and brought him a Loaf of Rye-Bread and fome fmoak’d Birds; for which the Matter gave ’em thanks, and prefented ’em with a dozen of Biskets. After this, he invited two of the leading Men among’em to go on board his Bark, and then gave to each of them a .Glafs of the fame Wine they had drank before. The other Seamen went along with the reft of the Ruffians, and boil'd fome Biskets in Water fpr the Benefit of fome Warm Food. In fine, they were extreamly pleas’d to converfewith Men, fincein thirteen Months time they fad feen no Humane Creature. ' The The Third Voyage of the Dutch f The 29 tb in the Morning the tytffim got ready and ejnbark’d fome Tuns of Whale-Oil, which they had bury’d under Herbs in the Froth of the Sea. The Dutch , who knew not what Courfe they would fteer, row perceiv’d they were bound for the PVcigats, and therefore follow'd them. But the Weather prov’d fo Dark and Foggy, that they foon loft the fight of them. However, the Dutch got 'into a Channel between two Iflands, and fail’d by them till the Ice furroundcd them again,and they could fee no openWaters to get off; which perfuaded them they were not far from fVeigati, and that the North-Weft Wind had carry’d the Ice into the Gulf: Therefore they were forc’d to fail back again to the two Klands. and bring their fmall Veflels to An¬ chor at one of them. The 3iff they row’d from that Ifland to another, where they found two Crofles, which made them hope they fhould find fome Men ; but they faw none. Here they found an Herb call’d Cochlearia, Scurvy-Grafs, which is efteem’d good againft the Scurvy, that being the Difeafe, with which they were all fo afflidted, that they were even at Death’s Door. They eat of this Herb very greedily, and found it fuch a Sovereign Remedy againft that Diftemper, that in a (hort time they were all cur’d, and fo fuddenly, that thofe who a while before could not eat Bisket, now fed upon it heartily. Auguft the 3d, 1597. they confulted together whether they fhould crofs from Novu Zambia into ; and having a creed on r har Courfe, they turn’d to the South- South-Weft, and fail’d till fix in the Morning, when they unhappily met with Ice again, which was a great Grief to ’em, becaufe they thought they had been de¬ liver’d from that kind of Danger for the future. The Weather being calm, they ply’d their Oars very hard to get clear of it; and about 3. in the Afternoon got into the Main, and faw no more Ice. Having a good Paflage,' they thought themfelves very near the Coaftof Hujji.t. Butabour 9. at Night they were a- gain furrounded with Ice, which made them delpairof ever being deliver’d from it. Being now unable to fail with the Sloop, or double the Cape of Ice, they were forc'd to row through the Ice that was round about them. When they got into ; • ‘the 59 to find the Pafage to China, &c. the middle of it, they advanc’d eafier than before. At laft, after a World of trouble, they got into open Water; and the Matter being in the Sloop, which was a better Sailer than the Bark, doubl’d the Cape of Ice, [and then re-join’d the other. I The 4 th about Noon they faw the Coaft of RitJJia, and failing near it, row’d to the Shore, and tarry’d there¬ at Anchor till 3. in the Afternoon, at which time they put to Sea. They always fteer’d along the Coaft, and fail’d pretty eafily till Midnight, at which time they faw a Rtijfan Veflel, to which they call’d out Candnoes, Candnoes ; but the Rtiffans anfwer’d Pitqora, Pitqora, to make the Dutchmen underftand they were not yet near Candnoes, as they thought, but were upon the Coaft of Pit^ora. The Variation of the Needle of the Compafs, which was (hut up in a Box bound with Iron Hoops, made them guilty of that Miftake; and there¬ fore feeing their Errour, they caft Anchor, and waited for Day-light. On the •yth, a Seaman landing, found fome Grafs and little Trees, and call’d to his Companions to come to him and bring their Guns with them, for there was good Fowling; at which they mightily rejoic’d ; for they had no kind of Victuals except mufty Biskets. For this Reafon fome of them propos’d to leave their Veflels there, and to go by Land, for that orherwife they Ihould be in danger of ftarving. Aug. the 6 th a contrary Wind forc’d ’em to row hard to get out of the Gulf; but haying row’d about three Leagues, they were To weak and faint that they could go no further, the Wind being a-head. Belides, the Coaft ran more to the North-Eaft than they imagin’d, and therefore they were forc’d to fatten their Ships a- gainupon which they were all-mightily difeourag’d, [ in feeing no End oftheirDangers.wbileHungerand Sick- nefs were ready ro put a Period to their miferable Lives. The 8 th and yth were equally unfavourable. Some of the Saifors having landed, they faw a 'Mali, fet up in a dangerous Place between Candnoes and the Continent of Ruffu, whereupon they concluded that the Channel lay there thro’ which the Ruffians had S afs'd- : Returning to their Ships, they found a Sea-Dog ead and (linking ; but wete lo hungry, that, they brought it into the Bark with as much Joy as if it had : - been , 7 he Third Voyage of the Dutch been Venizon ; however the reft of the Seamen woul not fuffer them to eat it, for certainly it would haii killed them. On the i ith they row’d till Noon, and the Wind fe ing then at South, and a frelh Gale, they ran very f a J About Evening the Wind blowing very hard, thej row’d towards the (hoar, and landed to take in fo® frelh Water, if they could find any. There they for Tents, becaufe it rain’d very hard; and about M night it Lighrned and Thunder’d extraordinarily, thefe deplorable Accidents made them wilh a hun times that an end might be put to their Lives. The nth at fix in the Morning, feeing a Veffel failing towards them, they took a little courage and made haft into the Main to meet them. Thek fter went on board their Ship, and ask’d them hov they were from Candnoes , but he could learn not from them, becaufe he did not underftand their L guage. They fpread out their five Fingers, which pet fwaded the Dutch that there was five Crofles upon ikl Coaft. They alfo fhew’d their Compafs, to let then know that the Continent was on the North- Weft iidtl and the Dutch found it fo. The Matter feeing he could learn no more of t went further into their Ship, and feeing a Barrel of Fill asked them if they would fell it, and prefented thei with a piece of forty pence for it. They underdo! his meaning, and gave him a hundred and two F with fome little Cakes boyled in Fi(h-water, an bout Noon they parted. The Dutch were very pleafed that they had got fome Provifions, for they h had but two Ounces of Bread a Day with a little \Vt ter, for a long time, and now they divided the Filha equally. . , On the 13 th twp Seamen went a (hoar, to fee if tty could learn how far the point of Candnoes reached the Sea. At their return they faid, it was the point they took it for, and therefore row’d witl their might along the Coaft. About three in the rernoon, they faw that Cape run to the Southward doubted not but it was that of Candnoes, whence ity were in hopes to crofs the Mouth of the White Sea| and therefore failed clofe to one another into the Man with intent to pafs the White Sea, and go to Hujfn : to find the ?ajfage to China, &c. they thought. They failed very well, till about Mid¬ night, and then a great florin from the North parted the two Ships. The 14/h the Weather clearing up again, they faw the other Ship, and did what they could to joyn it; but all in vain, becaufe of a great and fudden Fog. The 15th they failed with a freih Gale of Wind, and shout Noon they faw Land, which they thought was upon the Weft fide of the White Sea, beyond Cand¬ ices. Approaching the Land, they faw fix Hufftan Veffels st Anchor, on which they went a-board, and ask’d, st what diftance they were from Kjldmn : The Bjifli- tns told them they were a great way from it, being got so farther than the Eafterly Coaft of Candnoes. Then they fpread their Arms to make them underftand, they ivere to crofs the White Sea, and that it was a very langerous undertaking in fuch fmall Velfels. The Dutch ask'd them for fome thing to eat, and the RjtJft- w gave them a Loaf, Which they eat with great Ap- letite, though the Bread was very hard. The Dutch underftood very well what the Httjjiant meant, but they could hardly believe them, for they ihought they had already pafled the White Sea. The 1 6th De Veer failed towards a Velfel which he had faw before at Stribord, and getting on board of her not without danger, asked them how fan be was from fymbla de Coel, or Kjldvcin. The Httjfi- m (hook their Heads and made him underftand, he was but at Zambia of Candnoes. But the Dutch would lot believe them; and having ask’d them fome Vitflu- ils, the Htjfum: prefented them with fome Plaice, which the Matter pay’d for with a piece of Silver, and hen changed his courfe, to crofs a Channel that was lefore him, and go into the Main: The Ruffians feeing them fleer a wrong Courfe, and he Flood being almoft gone, fent two of their Men to hem in a little Boat with a Loaf of Bread. Thofe Men made figns of defiring the Dutch to return to their Veflel, where they would give them fome Inftrudi* ins. The Matter prefented them with apiece of Silver, md a piece of Linnen Cloth, but they would not go Way without the Dutch. The Bpjfutns who were on board their Veffels held up a piece of Bacon, in hopes AZ The Third Voyage of the Dutch that would perfwade the Dutch to return to them; which at laft they did; and having (hew’d their Map to the Rtffians, they were anfwer’d, that they were ftill at the Eaft of the White Sea and Candnoes. The Dutch were wholly furprized and afflicted at this report, which before they could not believe ; but now they were convinced, that they had been deceived in their Courfe, and very much concerned for their Com. panions who were in the Sloop.. The Mailer having lo good an opportunity bought of the Rttffians three facks of Meal, a Flitch and a half of Bacon, and a little Barrel of Honey for. his Ships Crew, and thofe in the Sloop, if ever he fhould be fo happy as to meet with them again. Then the Flood being quite fpent, they began to crofs the Channel, and failed towards the Main, till they faw a huge Cape reaching a great way into the Sea, which they took for the Cape of Candnoes. In the Evening they came to an Anchor™, der the Cape, and boiled a pot of Meal with Watet and Honey, and made a kind of Hafty-pudding, which they eat, and thought it admirably good; but were ftill under great affli&ion for the Sloop, not knowing What was become of her. The nth being at Anchor, they faw a Ruffian Veflel coming from the White Sea, and made to her. When they tame on board the Ruffian, they were preferited with a Loaf without asking; and the Ruffians did what they could to make them underftand they had feen their Companions, being feven in number in a Sloop, and had fpoke with them. But the Dutch un- derftariding nothing of what they faid, the Rtiffmi fpread feven Fingers, and (hew’d the Bark, meaning, they had feen the little open Veflel, and that they fold them Bread, Fifh, Flelh, and other Proviflons. At lalt the Seamen underftood what they meant, after they had feen in their hands i little Compafs, which they knew was the Mailers Mate’s. They ask’d how long it was fince they faw the Sloop, and where they thought (he was then. The Ruffians anfwer'd.that they faw her the day before ; and after this were extreamly kind to the Dutch, who thank’d them heartily, and efpecially for the good News they told them of the Sloop. The Bark row’d with all diligence towards the place where they conjedut’d theSloop,might be,And having row’d all day to find the Pafage to China, &C. along the Coaft, about Mid-night found frefh Water, and took in fome of it, together with lome Scurvy- grals. The 18 th from fix in the Morning they fleered a* long the Coaft till Noon, at which time they faw a- nother great Cape with creff.-s on the top of it. A- bouc fix in the Eveni-g they were certain it was the Cape of Canimcs , which lies at the Mouth of the White Sea; for that Cape is eafily known by the fix crolfes that are at the top of it, and its running on one fide South-Eaft, and on the other South-Weft. While they were preparing to fleer to the Weft of the White Sea, towards the Coaft of Laponia, they perceived that aim oft all the Water had run out ofone of their little Casks, which was leaky : And fince they were to run above forty Leagues before they could find any frefh Water, they thought fit to land, and take in fome at this place: But the Sea was fo rough along . the Coaft, that they durft not attempt to land. They fet fail again about ten or eleven at Night, and failed all that Night and next Day with fo'fair a Wind, that on the loth between four and five in the Morning, they faw the Land to the Weft of the White Sea, knowing alfo before by the rearing of the Sea, that they could not be far from it. It was a Angular Providence, that in 30 Hours they pnffed the White Sea, which made 40 Leagues of dangerous Seas. When they had got upon 'he Coaft, and faw they could not fail in, they row'd by the Rocks, andcame into a very good Harbour. There they faw another fytjfun Veffel at Anchor, su'd a few Houfes upon the (hoar. They rowed towards the Veffel, and having S caft Anchor, then they went a-fhoar to the Houfes, I where the Inhabitants bid them Welcome, concluded [ them to Stoes to drv their Cloaths, -and gave them ! fome Fith. In thefe Houfes were thirteen Men, who I went out a Fifhir.g every Morning. Two of them commanded the reft, who liv’d very foberly, and for the moft part upon Fiih. Belides thofe thirteen tjjians, there were two Lapfr nitnt, with three Women and a Child, who being ve¬ ry poor, lived only upon what the ‘fans could (pare; and their precarious way of living excited thecompaf- fion of the Dutch, who upon all orcafions are fenlibly affe&ed with the mifery of their Neighbours. The The Third Voyage of the Dutch The lift the Mafter boiled fome frefli Fi(h, anil gave it to the Seamen, who eat it heartily, with Wa. ter-Pap in ftead of Bread. In the Afternoon going farther into the Country co get fome Scurvy-grafs, they faw two Men upon a Mountain, which made them conjedlure there were more Inhabitants, than at fit(l they thought for', and thereupon they returned to theit Bark again. But the two Men they faw, prov’d theit own Companions that belong’d ro the Sloop, who came from the Mountain to the Hujjim Boat, to get fome Provi(Ion. But coming there by chance, and having no Money about them, they were refolved to give a pair of their Breeches for. Food, they having two of three pair one upon another. As foon as they approached the Veflel, they faw the Bark at Anchor hard by it, and prefently knew the Company. Their Joy at meeting was reciprocal, and they eat and drunk toge¬ ther fuch as the Veflel afforded. The Sloops Crew had run through more danger and trouble than the Bark, and now both gave thanks to God that they were met again. The 2 id the Sloop came to them, and they defined the Riijfians to make them fome Bread, which they did, and the Fiihermen coming from Filhing, the Mafter bought two Cods of them, which he boiled immediately. While they were at Dinner, the Governor of the Bjifllmj came to vifit them, and prefented them with a Loaf of Bread. They invited him to eat, he thanked them, but would not, becaufe it was a Faft-day, and the Fifh Sawce, was made with Fat and Butter: Nay, neither he nor his Men would fo much as drink, be¬ caufe the Cup look’d a little greafie.nor would they lend the Dutch their own Cups, for fear they fliould greafe them. So fuperftitious are they in the obfervation of their Fafts. The 23d the Mafter made a great Prelent of a good Sum of Money to the Governor, and alfo pay’d him who baked their Bread, for which he had the hearty thanks of both. About fix in the Evening at Higb-Water, the Sloop and the Bark failed. The 24^ at fix in the Morning they came to the feven Iflands, where they found a great many Fiihermen, and ask’d them whereabout Cod or l\jldmn lay $ the Fiihermen ditetSed them to the Eafti to find the Pajfage to China, &C. : Eaft, and the Dutch were of the fame opinion. The Fiihermen threw a Cod into the Sloop, but. the Dutch could not flay to pay them, becaufe the Wind was high, and carried the Ship away, and therefore made figns only of giving thpm thanks, and admiring their Civility. About fix in the Evening they met more Fiihermen who row’d ro them, and enquired Where their Crabble or Ship was: The Dutch made anfwer, Ihe was loft,' and the Fiihermen cryed out in their Language, Cool Btaboufe Crabble, which the Dutch took to import,' that there was fome Dutch Ships at Cool Or Cola. On the 2 r jth about Noon they law Xjldmh, and in | two hours time the made the Southerly end of that Ifland. The Mafter went prefently a-lhore, where he found five or fix Houfes of Lapponians; of whom h? enquired if it was not the Ifland of Kjldtvin : they an- fwer’d yes, and gave them to know, that there was three Dutch Ships at Cola, two of which had appointed to fail that day: ' . ' Upon this they fee fail between four and five in the Afternoon, with a defign to reach tVardhuys; but the Wind blew fo ftrong, that it was impoflible to bear fail in the Night. So they were forced to go behind two Rocks, and get alhoarj where they found a lit¬ tle Houfe, and going to it, faw three Men who re-: ceived them very kindly: who being ask’d to diredt them to a Ship that was bound for Holland, gave them i the fame anfwer as before, that three Dutch Ships were i at Cola, two of which were ready to fet fail. Then they asked them to go with them to Cola by Land, offering to pay them very well for their pains 3 but they excufed thetnfelves, and faid, they could not i do it. However, they conduced the Mafter and Sea- ! men beyond a Mountain, where they met With other , Lapponians, who promifed to be their Guides for two 'piece's of Eight. Accordingly one of the Lapponians took a Gun in his hand, and the Seaman being only arm’d with a Grappling-hook, went along with him. The 16th they drew the two Ships upon the fhoaf, and unladed the Goods to air them, and afterwards, went to vrfif the Rttffmns , in whofe Houfes they warmed thomfelves, boiled what they had to eat, and triade wo Meals a Day, riot doubting but they ihoutd find F ri»#‘ The Third Voyage of the Dutch now and then Provifion enough in their Voyage. Here they drunk Lome Riiffian Liquor made with dale and mufty Bread, which they liked pretty well, after ha¬ ving for fo long a time drunk nothing elfe but Wa- ter. Some of the Seamen trayelling further into the Country, found a fort of fmall fruit of the colour of Slogs or purple Currants; of which they eat, and liked theffi very well, and found them very good againft the Scurvy.'..-' The' 19 th they faw the Lapponian upon a Moun¬ tain coming towards them, but without the Seamen, whom he guided to Cola. They were furprized, and in fear for him. But the Lapponian being arrived, gave a Letter to the Matter, who upon reading it, found that he that wrote it was extreamly furprifed at his coming thither, for he had long fince given them up for loft ; but now was glad to hear of their return, and that he would come to them in a very fhort time with all forts of Provilions. The Letter was figned, Jean Cornelit^ l\eep. . Such agreeable News mitft needs be received with gi eat Joy. They pay’d the Lapponian very generoufly, and belides gave him a pair of Breeches, Stockins, and other Cloarhs. It is incredible to think how faft the Man run, for they were two Days and two Nights in going thither in Company, but the Lapponian came back alone in 14 Hours. The Seamen took him fora Wizard. He prefented them with a Partridge he had kil¬ led in the way. The 3of/o they were all impatient to know who this Joan Cornelit % was, who wrote the Letter. Some¬ times they thought it was he who had fet out along with them ; but they could not imagine he was alive, and he was of rhe fame opinion concerning them. The dangers he had run, and the difficulties he had under¬ gone, leemcd greater than theirs, and therefore they concluded he was certainly Dead. Ac laft the Mailer finding a Letter he had formerly received from that Jean Cornelit s', and obferving that it was the fame hand with th.s, he made no doubt, but that he was ftill alive. ' Soon after they faw a little IJiJftan Veflel rowing to¬ wards .the Coaft, and upon its arrival found it war Cornelit^, with the Seamen they had lent to Cola ; -andj nowl to fincl a Tafiage to China, &c. 6y now the Joy was inexpreffible on both fides. Corne¬ lia brought with him a Tun of \ufios Beer, fome Wine, Bacon, Salmon, Sugar, and other good Pro- vifions. Airlift lift they got ready to fail to Cola, and having given the fytjft.ins thanks, and pay’d for their Accommodation, they put to Sea at high'Water, about Midnight. * - e . Sept, ift about fix in the Morning, they, arrived at the Weft fide of the River of Cola , upon'which'they failed and rowed till about Midnight. The 2 d they continued their courfe up the River, and a long the Shoar, and having the pleafure of feeing Trees, thoughc they were in another World, for they had feen none upon any other thoar. Between feven and eight in the Evening, they joyned Cornelit^ his Ship, and the two Companies regal’d one another very joyfully, for thofe with Cornelit ^ had been in the laft Voyage with ; the fame Mafter. Towards the Evening they arrived at Col.t ;and next day having unladed their Ships,they went : alhoarto refrelh themfelves, and recover a little Strength after fo many Fatigues, that they might be the better , able to fail to Holland. The 2 d they got leave of ] the Governor, who was fent thither from the Grand ; Duke of Mttfcovy , to convey their fmall Ships to the \ Merchants Exchange, or publick Ware-houfe : which they left there , as confecrated in eternal memory I ; fo long and dangerous a Voyage through an un- lown Courfe ; which they perform’d in little Boats ithouc Decks, for above 400 Leagues a long' the oaft and in the main Sea.* This adventure fo amazed is Inhabitants of that Town, that they could hardly elieve it. The 15 tb of the fame Month, they went down the iver in a Boat, to go on board Cornelit% his Ship, Inch lay half a League off the Town ; and in the fterncon the Ship failed down the River beyond the treight. The i3 tb they got out of the River, and ood to the Main, in order to go for Holland. The ext day about fix in the Evening, they arrived before VarUmys, where they call: Anchor, becaufe Cornelit% 'as to take fome Goods aboard at that place. OBob. the 6tb, about Evening they weighed Anchor, nd the 29 tb of the fame Month arrived in the Meufe, aving the Wind at Eaft-Norrh-Eaft, The next day F 1 they Sevesal other Attempts they travelled by Land to Maefland Sluys, to Delft, te Harlem, and the firft of November came to Amflerdem with the fame Cloaths they had when they failed to Neva fymbla. They went to Peter Haflelaars Houfe, who was one of the Directors for the City of Am- fterdam, that had fitted out the two Ships commanded by Cernelit\ and their Mafter. Ail Mankind being furpriz’d with the return of thefe Men, after the looling of their Ship, it made a great noife in the City ; and the Chancellor of the King of Denmark, then Embalfador in Holland, hearing of it, had a great curiolity to fee them. To give him that fatisfadion, the Scout of Amflerdam with two other Lords went to fetch them ; and {he Seamen being brought before the Embalfador, and the Burgo-Ma- (lers of Amflerdam, made a lhort Relation of their Voyage, and retired. They were twelve in number, ' and their charges were defray’d till their accounts were ftated, and their Wages paid. Other Voyages in quefl of a paffage to China | bj the North. THE lad attempt having no better fucccfs than -*■ firft, the Diredors thought fit to make another El- fay in order to difcover a, pafiage to China, by tie North or North-Weft. To this end the laft day of March 1609. they fee out Henry Hudfen, a famous and expert Engiifh Mariner, with a Fly-boat with all forts of Provifions, and twenty Englifh and Dutch-men for her Equipage. Henry Hudfon failed from the Texel April the 1609, and doubled the Cape of Norway the fifth of May. Afterwards he failed towards Nova Tfnnbk a- long the Northerly Coafts ; but found the Sea 6 full of (helves of Ice, that he had no hones of going through it that year. Some of his Seamen who had ' been in the Eafi-bidies could not endure the Cold, and therefore quarrelled with the reft, fame of which w® Englifh, and others Dutchmen, h«4» to find the North Vajfage. Httdfon propofed two things to them, firft to go to¬ wards the Coafts of America in the Latitude of 40 Deg., trailing to fome Maps fent him from Virginia by a Captain of a Ship called Smith ; in which he had mark’d down a Sea, affording a PafTage round about their Plantations, and from thence into the South Sea. If that Difcovery had been as true as experience ihew’d it to be falle, it would have been very advantageous to them, and have Ihortened their way to the Eafi- InHies. The other thing Budfon propofed to them, was to find a palfage through the Streight of Davis, which was generally approved. So the 14^ of May they fail¬ ed that way, and the laft day of the fame Month, ar¬ rived at the Ifland of Faro, where they flay’d 24 hours to take in freih Water. Afterwards they failed till the 18r/j of July, and came upon the Coaft of new France in 24 Deg., where they landed to buy a new Mail, having fprung their former. The place was ve¬ ry proper to catch Cods in, and to traffick Skins and Furrs with good advantage .- But the Sailors treated the People of that Country very ill, and took away their Goods by force, which caufed many Quarrels. The Bnglijh who were not the ftouteft, had a mind to go farther accordingly they failed to the Main till the 3d of Augufl, that they came to the Latitude of 42Deg. Afterwards they failed in the Main till rhziztb of the fame Month, when they landed in the Latitude of 37 Deg. three Quarters. Then they fleer’d along the Coaft, till they came to 80 Deg. three Quarters, where they found a good Channel between two Capes. Being got in, they faw the fineft River in the World, which was very broad and deep, with a firm bottom. At laft the Ship anchor’d in 42 Deg- 40 Min., but the Sloop went higher up the River. On the flioar they met with very ftrong, able bodied Men, but they were Savages. A little farther they found others that were more civiliz’d, of whom they bought Provifions, Skins, Furrs, and other Merchandize. The Country had plenty of Birds in it, good Fruits, and red and white Grapes. They traffick’t with them, and found they were fair Dealers. Having failed up the River about 50 Leagues, they went back the 4 tb of Oclob. and flood to the Sea. They would have done their bufi- F 3 nel$ 70 A Defcription of Siberia. nefs berter, if the Seamen had been well affedtcd to it, and had not wanted Neceifaries. When they were at Sea, they confulted what they had belt to do, but were of different Opinions. The Mailer’s Mate a Dutchman , was for Wintering in Newfcund-La>/d, and fceking out Dait i Palfage to the North-Weft. Hudfon op- pofcd it, fearing that his Ships Company, who had thiearned him before, would, take an opportunity to Mutiny again, and that the cold Weather would con- fume their Provifions, and put them into an impoflibi- lity of returning into Holland, many of the Seamen be- ing then fick: However, none fpoke a word of re¬ turning into Holland but the Mailer, which made him the more fufpedled. But notwithftanding all this, the 7 th of November they arrived at Dartmouth in England, and gave advice of it to the Directors in Holland, fend¬ ing them alfo a Journal of their Voyage. Hudfon of¬ fered to go again to difeover the Palfage through the North-Weft, provided they would give him five hun¬ dred Livers in Money, more Provifions than they had before, and the fame Wages. He propos’d too, that the Provifions which were already in the Ship, Ihould not be taken out, that they Ihould change feven Men of the Company, and be twenty Men ftill, that he would fail from Dartmouth the firft of March, fpend the Month of April, and half of May in killing Whales, and other Creatures near the Itland of Panar ■ after that fail to the North-Weft, and ftay there till the middle of Sep¬ tember, and at laftireturn into Holland, by the North- £aft of Scotland. Though it is not the bufinefs of this Journal, to give a full account of the North Country’s, yet We thought it proper to infert a Defcription of Siberia, Samoieda, and Jingoefia, taken from the Mufcovites Writings, purfuant to the Difcoveries and Voyages they made in thofe Countries; together with an account of the Roads, Rivers, and Cities, as far as Great Tart ary. There is a fort of People in Mufcovy, who call them- felves the Children of Aniconius or Anica, and pretend to be defended from a Boor of that name. This Man was very rich, and lived near the 'River of Wifogda , Which 7i ! A Defcription of Siberia. which empties it felf into the Dvina ; and the Dvina af¬ ter having run about a hundred Leagues, empties it felf into the White Sea, near the City of Archangel, or St. Michael the Archangel. \ Anica had many Children, and might have left them very rich, with what he was already Matter of; but : was fo unfatisfied, that he could not refill the tempta- i tion of growing richer. He had a mind to know in | what Country certain People dwelt, who came thither ; every year to traffick with the Mufcovites, and brought ; with them very fine Skins, and feveral forts of other I Merchandize. They fpoke a foreign Language. Their ; Cloaths, their Religion, and their Manners, were quite ! different from thole of the Mufcovites. They were cal- : led Samoieds, and fometimes by other names. The Samoieds .came down the River Wifogda every . year, and traffickt with the Rttffians and the Mufcovites \ in the Cities of Ofoil and Vftinga upon the Dvina, which 1 at that time were the Store-Houfes of all the Com¬ modities, but efpecially of the Furrs. Anica was defirous to know from whence this Peo¬ ple came, and to be acquainted with the fituation of their Country, thinking by that means to enrich him- felf extreamly by the Furrs they ufed to bring thither. With this view he treated privately with fomeof them, and coming to a conclufion, fent twelve of his Ser¬ vants and Slaves along with them, charging them to make an exadt obfervation of the places they fhonid vi- fit, the Peoples way of Living, their Manners, Habi¬ tations , and generally the condition of the whole Country, that they might be able to give him a true and perfedt account of all things at their return. Anica s Servants very dutifully performing their Ma¬ ilers commands came back, and gave him a true and fatisfadlory account of what they had feen ; whereupon he commanded them not to acquaint any Pcrfon with it, and that he might the better oblige them to Secre¬ cy, he ufed them very kindly. The next Year he fent more Servants into the fame Countrey, and fome of his Relations, giving them fe¬ veral Commodities of little or no Value, as Glafs- Vfares, fmall tinkling Bells, and other inconfiderahle German Wares. Thefe Men alfo enquir’d into all things as the others had done the Year before, and tra- F 4 veil’d yi A Defcription of Siberia. yell’d as far as the River Oby, and crofs’d many Ri, vers and Wilderneffes, which are very common in that Countrey. They dealt very uprightly with the Samoiedj, con traded Alliance with feme of them, and by thefe Arts came to know that Furrs were migh¬ ty cheap there, and that by this Trade it was no hard Matter to grow Rich in a Ihort time. They took a particular Notice of their Way of liv¬ ing. The Samoieds had no Towns or Cities, but af- fembl’d in Troops, living together very peaceably un¬ der the Government of forne ancient Man among ‘cm. They were very flovenly in their Eating and Drinking, and had neither Corn nor Bread, but liv’d only upon Hunting. Moftof them (hot incomparably well with Bows and Arrows. Their Bows were made of a pliant fort of Wood, upon which they (hot (harp Stones whet¬ ted for the purpofe, or elfe Fifli-Bones, in order to kill Wild Btafts and Fowls, thefe being very plentiful in that Countrey. They alfo made ufe of fmall Fi(h-Bones inftead o! fowing Needles, and of the fmall Guts of little Beafe for Thread, with which they fow’d the Skins toge¬ ther which they wear for Cloaths, putting the Furr 01 the Ourfide in the Summer, andthelnlide in the Win¬ ter. They cover their Huts with the Skins of Elks and amphibious Beafts, which they valu’d at a lower ilate. ’ Anion's Servants having cxaftly obferv’d all tliefi things, return’d home again loaded with rich Furrs ad Skins for their Mailer, and gave him a faithful Accom: of all Matters. Anictt and his Relations traded in the Countrey k fome Years; and the Men who maffick'd in this i» her, were afterwards call’d Aniconians , and grew 6 rich, that they purchas’d Fftates in Land. Their Couff treymen admir’d ro fee ’em grow fo rich on a hidden and wonder’d how they came by their Wealth, ft they built fine Churches in their Towns and Villages a their own Charges, particularly one in the City ofO foil , upon the River Wifogda , built of white Free Stone.' : In Ihort, they were fo rich, that they knew ri how to fpend their Eftates. ' And yet for all their great Riches, they were i# without Reflexions on the Inconftancy of Fortune, as A Defcriptm of Siberia. had their Fears that after fo many Favours, perhaps (he might fome time or other frown upon them, as (he had done upon others. However, they had this Satisfaction, that having liv'd inoffenlivelv with their Neigh¬ bours and Strangers, without ufing any kind of Deceit, Treachery or Affront, they had no great Reafcn to fear fuch an Alteration. Nevertheleis they forefaw,that notwithftanding all the Care and Caution they had taken, it was a difficult thing to fecure themfelves and what they had acquird, as Affairs were rul’d in Mofcovy, without having a Friend at Court. For there ’tis grown a Proverb, That he that has not a Friend at Court, ought not to be loo!(d upon as a Man : And ’tis true enough ; for a Man that has any extraordinary Charader is envy’d by every body, and fubjed to be Hinder’d at Court; and if he has no Friends there to take his part, he is ruin'd to all intents and purpofes, and muft fall at laft though he be never fo i juft and honeft. The Anieians having gain’d fuch great Eftates, thought it neceffary to get Protedion in the Emperor’s Court ; and therefore put themfelves under the Protedion of Boris Gudcnow one of the Chief Lords of the Court, and Brother-in-law of the Emperor Fedar Fhanomt^, who was then upon the Throne; and the fame Boris fas eleded Emperor after the Death of his Brother-in- law. After they had made him confiderable Prefents, they refolv’d to truft him, and gave him to know, that they would difeover to him a Thing that would be very ad¬ vantageous to the Emperor. Upon which Boris heard them very favourably, and carefs’d them more than ordinary. Then they acquainted him exadi.y with what they had done, and gave him a Defcription of the Countrey of the Samoicds and of Siberia, entertaining him with a Relation of all they had obferv’d in it, and what great Profic and Riches Mufcovy might draw from that Countrey; but did not tell him at firft that they had been there, and had privately traded with ’em, and gain’d immenfe Riches. Boris being charm’d with this Difcovery, and defirous [oknow more of the matter, made a further Enquiry into every Particular they had related to him $ giving thein AlTurance of his Friendlhip, and that he would pro- A Defcription of Siberia, proteft them as his own Children. To this end he procur’d Letters-Patents of the Emperor, confirming them and their Pofterity in the Poffeflion of all their Lands and Eftates, without Moleftation or Contradict on, and allowing them a perpetual Freedom from Taxes. He alfo carry’d them in his own Sledge thro’ the Streets of Mofcovo , where they (laid all the Winter; which was a very great Honour from fo great a Prince as Boris, who govern’d the whole Empire. Boris acquainted the Emperor with all he had learnt from the Aniciens, who was very well pleas’d with the Difcovery, and gave him an abfolute Power to do whatever he fhould think convenient about it. That Noble Lord, who was a vigilant Statefman, order'd fome Captains, and other decay’d Gentlemen, who were at his Command, to go with the Aniconians. He cloath’d them magnificently like Embafladors, and gave them fome Soldiers to attend them, with fome fmall Wares to prefent to the Samoieds, More efpecial- ly he commanded them to obferve the Roads, Rivers, Forells, and all other Places, with their particular Names ; and above all, gave them a drift Charge to behave themfelves very civilly, and treat the People with Refpeft and Kindnefs. They were alfo enjoyn'd to mark down the fitted Places to build Forts upon, and to bring fome of the Inhabitants along with them. Thefe Ambafladors went from Mojcow to Wifcyh with a very good Equipage, and a large Stock of Mo¬ rey and Prefents. The Animiians gave them fome of their own Children, Servants and Friends to accompany them. Being arriv’d in the Countrey of the Smtitti, they diligently obferv’d all things, and ihcw’d great Re¬ fpeft and Kindnefs to that People. The Preients they made them, tho’ of little Value in Mufcovy , were look’ll upon here as very confiderable ; and accordingly the People receiv’d ’em with great Acclamations of Joy, kneeling down before the Ambaffadors, whoferich Cloaths they admir’d, having never feen any thing tike them before. In fhort, they almod took ’em for Gods. The Mufcovites ingag’d fome Samoieds who had been in Mufcovy, to'be their Interpreters; by whom they gave ’emtounderftand the Grandeur of the Empct® A Description of Siberia. fometimes on Horfeback, fometimes in a ftately Coach drawn by many fine Horfes, attended with a Multitude of great Lords richly doath’d. They were yet more furpriz’d in feeing the Soldi, ers with their Muskets, their red Cloaths, their Difa. pline, and fo many of them guarding the Emperor when he went abroad, for he had never fewer than 400 about him. They admir’d alfo the Sound and the Noife of the Bells, which are very common in Mofcovn, as well as the Number of Ships, and the Plenty of Goods that were in them. In lhort, they thought they were in a Country inhabited by Gods; and therefore would never have defir’d to return to their own, if it had not been to inform their Countrymen of the many Wonderful Things they had feen. Nor could they forbear thinking thofe People very happy, who liv’d in obedience to a Prince that was rather a God than a Man; and with that View they wifh’d to be his Sub . je&s. They lik’d all things very well that were given them to eat ; and faid there was a great difference be¬ tween their good*Food, and rhe raw Flefh and Fill they us’d to feed upon in their own Country. But the moft important thing was, that they promis’d Obedience to the Emperor, and that they would perfuade their Countrymen to do the fame j and there' fore defir’d him to fend Governours to command ’em, and to levy Taxes. As for their Idolatry, the Muf: covites would not touch upon that Point; becaufethe) thought it would be eafie to perfuade them to em¬ brace the Cbriftian Religion when they fliould fend M‘ niftersto inftrud them, which there is no doubt, ik Mufiovites would have done if they had not been en¬ gag’d in Wars. After fo good a Succefs, the Ankonuns were look’d upon with a favourable Eye at Court; and tbe Emperor granted them great Immunities and Privile¬ ges.. He alfo gave them fome confiderable Places fo ated near their own Country j and to this day thtf are in poffeflion of above a hundred Leagues of along the Rivers Dmna, Wifogda. and Soebna; where they are grown very rich, and are ftill maintain’d s their Liberties and Privileges. J Further, it was refolv’d in the Emperor’s Council n build Forts along the River Oiy,and in the open Conn 11 ! 77 A Defcription of Siberia, and to put Garriforisin ’em,to fend a General Covernour with Orders to furvey theCountry,to go as far as poflible in it, and annex it to the Empire. All which were effedted with Succefs. The Forts were built and garrifon’d, and they have now planted feveral Colonies of Poland - trs, lunarians, RjtJJlans, and other Nations in ir. Befides thofe that went thither voluntarily, many Murtherers, Traytors, Highway-men, ( 3 c. condemn'd to death were fenc thither. Some of them were clofe : Prifoners, others had the Liberty to go and fettle there, according to the Quality of their Crimes j fo that by degrees they have built indifferent good Places, Towns, and Cities, which are now inhabited by feveral forts of People, who have their Churches, ftrong Places, and Towns enough to make a great Kingdom ; and no¬ thing is more certain, than that the great Privileges which were granted them, contributed very much to fo great a Settlement. Befides that, the Lands the Empe¬ ror fteely granted to thofe who would fettle' there, invi¬ ted a Multitude of poor People to leave their own Coun¬ try to go and inhabit there, That vaft Extent of Land is call’d Siberia, in which they have built a City of the fame Name. In the Beginning of that Settlement only the pronouncing the Word Siber at Mofcow was as terrible to lewd Fellows and Malefadors, as that of the Houfe of Corre&ion at Amjlerdam; for they were all fent thither. But now that Punifhment is fo ordinary and mild in companion of what tt was formerly, that Lords and Gentlemen that are out of favour at Court, are banifh’d to that Country for a certain time; and being'made Governours of fome Place, tarry there till they are reftor’d again to Favour. But, after all, let the Punifitment be never fo inconfiderable, it is fevere enough to thofe who think they are never fafe nor well in any place elfe but in the Court. • ‘Twill now be proper to fpeak a little of the Roads from Mofc&vy to Siberia. It was no eafie thing to come to the knowledge of it. A friend I had at the Empe¬ ror’s Court, while I was at Mofcow, after repeated in¬ treaties granted me that favour; and indeed he had reafon to be cautious how he communicated it, for he I was in danger of his life, if the Emperor had known 11: % Mtifcovites being of that temper, that they think ' ’ ' them- 7 8 A Deferiptien of Siberia. themfelves obliged to conceal the affair of their Coun- try from Strangers. A (hort Account of the Roads and Rivers to be met with in going from Mufcovy to tk Eafl and Eaft-North-Eafl, according to tk Courfe the Mufcovites obferve. As alfo the Names of the Towns they have built , being fubjefl to a Governour fet over tk Countrey, who enlarges his Difcoveries e- very day, having already carryd’em as fir as Tartary. TJ’ROM Wifogda near Soile, a Town inhabited by the *• Aniconians, you pafs up the River to a little Town nam’d Javi-.fco, and inhabited by the Mufct- vices. It is 17 Days Journey from Soils to Javinifa, in which you are oblig’d to crofs many Forefts and Rivers, Wifogda fprings out of the Mountains of Ivegoria, which extend., from the South of Tart.nj almoft to the North Sea. The River of Pitfonti, which difeharges it felf into the Sea on this fide the Waigats , hath alfo its Source in thofe Mountains. From Javinifeo it is three Days Journey to a Rivet call’d Neem , which dignifies Mute, became the Waters are calm in 'running through the Woods. When you have been five Days upon the River, you muft go a* fhore, becaufe then the Neem runs out of the Road ; and after you have travell’d by band about a League, you re-embark upon a River call’d Witfera, which falls down from the Rocks call’d by the Mufcovites CamtM, in the fame Mountains of Ivegoria. Then you go nine Days Journey down the River to come to a little Town call’d Soil Camfcoi, built there for the Conveniency of Travellers, who are oblig’d to continue their Journey by Land. Witfera continues its Courfe, and runs into another call’d Cana, which pafies under the Town Vy tea in Mufcovy , and difeharges it felf in the great River of Rj>a or Volga, that runs iiSco the Sea by feventy V 15 Moutbf- A Deferzption of Siberia!. Mouths. All thefe Particulars are true and certain having been nicely examin’d by thofe that gave me the Relation. After a little Stay at Soil Camfcoi, a very populous Country, they will furnifh you with Horfes to carry your Goods, and guide you all the Way through Mountains full of Firr. Palm, and other fine Trees, i Next you crofs two Rivers call’d Soiba and Coofiia, \ which are in thofe Mountains, and run into the North Country. The next Mountains are divided into three Parts, and differ much from the adjacent Mountains; for they afford excellent Woods and Pafture. After two Days Journey they are call’d Coo^vinfcoi Camen , and after two more, Cirginfcoi Camen. Then yoncome to a Town nam’d Vergateria. Thefe Mountains are properly Deferts, upon which the Tartarian! and the Smoieds hunt'for the Mufcovites. The Mountains of Mvinfcoy Camen are the higheft, being cover’d with Snow in feveral Places, and furrounded with Clouds. 'Tis a great Fatigue to travel over ’em; but tho’ the Foot of it is very low, yet the Defcent is gradual and eafie. ;j Being arriv’d at Vergateria , you muft ftay there till J the Spring, becaufe the River Toera that runs under it, J is very (hallow all the Year, except in the Spring, when ijthe melted Snow falling down the Mountains, fwellsir, it and renders it navigable. The chief City of Siberia is J Vergateria, and was built but 11 Years fince, as well as lithe other Towns in that Country, and are all. well in- | habited by People who till the Ground, as they do ia ; Mufcovy. There is a Governour who fends every Year abun¬ dance of Corn and other Provifions by Water to all the Places of Siberia , and furnifhes the Garrifons with all Neceflaries. He likewife provides for the ftrong Pla¬ ces beyond the Oby, where the Samoiedt live only by Hunting 5 for hitherto there are no Towns built in thac Country. Then you muft go down the River Toera five Days Journey, till you come to another Town called hphanim, which was built and inhabited about two tears fince. At Japhanbn you embark upon the Toera , which after two Days Journey, winds fo much about, thac A Defcription of Siberia. in many places you are oblig’d to go by Land, and u'jfc on the River by turns, to fhorten the Way. The T mnri and the Samohds dwell about loera, and keep Catte! and Boats. At laft the Toera carries you to the great River Tababj about zoo Leagues from Vergateria. Upon this Rivet you go to T itma a very populous Town, built only n Years fince., This Town has a very great Trade for Skins and Furrs, between the Mufcovites, Tartars, and Samoicds. 'Tis very convenient for thofe who only travel for fix Months. But if you pleafe you may go further beyond the Oby, to the Eaft, and fo to the South. From 7inn a you go to Tobolfea, the Capital City of the Siberians, and the Refidence of the Viceroy. All other Towns fend their Tribute there, and the Vice¬ roy fends it from thence to Mofcoto under a ftrong Guard. The Governour-General is very fevere, and all the reft of the Governours of Siberia and Samoieda mull obey him. In that City there is a great Trade for Merchandize imported from the South, and the remote!! Parts of Tartary, and from feveral other Nations. Such is the Advantage of the Mufcovites ; who having join’d that Country to their Empire with the Confenc of the Inhabitants, and exercifing a mild Government over them, have no reafon to fear any Rebellion, the People being very well affedted, and pleas’d with their Em¬ peror. It was a Thing to be wilh’d for, that the Spa¬ niards who have been fo cruel to the Americans, had fetled' fuch a mild Government in America, in which they might have had better Succefs, and enlarg’d theit Dominion further than they have done, as I obferv’d my felf in my Voyage to America. Whereas now they are abominated, and none of that People yield Obedi' ence to them but by force ; as the Mufcovites know, and are perfwaded by Experience, that the beft way to gain new Conquefts, and fubdue a Savage People, is to treat them wich Humanity and Meeknels. •The City of Tobolfca is fituated on the Side of the River Tort is, which runs from the South as rapid as thi Danube. Itdifchargcsit felf in the Oby ■ and’tis thought thefe two Rivers liaye their Source in one Countrey. The River Tobol, which givesName to the City, runs oil the other fide of it. ,Ar,c- ic fuel a Paffage to China, &c. ' §S “ Another River from the North running down froin the Top of a Mountain near the Sea, falls into the Te- bol The Savages call it Jaffa : And the Mufcovires not. long fince built a Town upon its Banks call’d Pohem, and planted a Colony in it from Siberia, who live in great hopes to fettle a good TradeThere, and make it aconfiderable Place: for the Countrey is very fine and fruitful. There is alfo abundance ofForefts that are full of wild Beafts j as, Leopards, Lynxes, foxes, Sdhs, &c. That Town is fifteen Days Journey from Toiolfca ; (and the River Ini's falls into the Oby at the difiance of ififteen Days Journey to the North of the fame Town* sThere Was formerly a Town at the Mouth of the River lohy, call'd Ofcoygorod, which was • demolilh’d by the fGovernourof Siberia's Order, without giving a Reafon ifor it; tho’ perhaps it was becaufe of the Cold, and |hat it was too near the . Sea j or that they fear’d gome Diforder or Rebellion might arife on that fide. |The River Oby divides it felf into two Arms, one of which furrounds a vaft Trad of Land ; and after ma¬ lting a new Ifland, runs again into the firft and larger SChannel. There they have built a new Town inftead |f that which was demolilh’d, call’d \trgolt , and |ying fifty Leagues further into the Land than the former. I Going up the River above %rrgolt, there is no nfe Sails, except in the great Boats; for the Land is fo |iigh, that little or no Wind reaches the Water ; there¬ fore they draw the Boars along with Ropes, as they do nail the Rivers of Mufcovy. From %ergolt, going up hove aoo Leagues, you come ro a ftrong Place call’d ff-hfeay, built about thirteen Years ago, when the Jovernour-Gcneral fenc Men into that Country to find ut lit and proper Lands to be manur’d and built upon. Qiefc Meffengers finding that Place was pleafaht, heal- by, indifferent hot, fruitful, and Full of all manner of tails and Birds, they built Noxinffay, and put a Gar- . fon in it. It lies to the South-Well, ‘ and is indifferently R. that formerly there was a famous Pafuge through, the North, and proves it thus : When Q. Meselln Ce'.tt was joynt Conful withG. Afr.mins, and Governor of Gaul, the King of Suabia prefented him with home In¬ dians, who having been a trading Voyage ar Sea, were by a Storm caft a-fhore in Germany. He means that part of Germany where rhe PVefer and Elbe ran into the Sed; for we have proved clfewhere, that the Do¬ minions of rhe ancient Stievis reached fo far, and it is probable thofe Indians came from the Cape of Tahiti, which lies oh the North fide of Tartary, and is called by Pliny Mount Tab in find that they were Inhabitants of Seres, a neighbouring Country, bordering nqw on the upon the 'North Pajfage. Frontiers of Cathai near the Dead Sea, which is likewife' call’d Marmora ,or Maramamafa by the Cimbrenfes , ac¬ cording to what Pliny affirms upon the Credit of Phile¬ mon-, and, in fine, that the Storm caft ’em upon the Coafts of Germany. Suppofing all this is true, the above-mention’d Re- ■ jation of the Samoicds will prove true alfo, and conle- 1 quently is a Matter of great moment • ficce it appears | that the Rttffians failing every Year to a Cape near ’em, \ which they call the Cape of 'VgoUtam beyond the River i Ohy , arrive there in ‘ five Days Voyage through | the Sea before it is frozen. - Therefore if we defign to ; undertake a Voyage through the'iMorth, it' muft be by ] the fame courfe, as being the ihorceft, and with Sub¬ 's miffion, the fureft. Herein we Ihould imitate the wife < Conduct of Emanuel King of Portugal, who firft fent j able Mariners to acquaint thcmfelves with the Eed Sea, and all the Routes to the Eajl-Indies ,its Situation,Gulfs, ] cjc. before he fent a Fleet into the Ealt. 1 In like manner, if we undertake to fail through the j Strcight of Naff an or Waygats, we ought to fend able 5 Men at the Charges of the Publick, who Ihould firft I make that Voyage with the Ruffians. By thefe means | we ihould certainly know whether the Sea, which is j beyond the Waygats , is the great Tartarian Sea, or only {a Gulf, beyond which it is impofiibJe to pafs. We \ Ihould alfo difeover whether the Cape of Tabin is al¬ ii ways frozen, and whether ’tis poffible to fail by it. We fought, I fay, to be exactly inform’d of all thefe Parcicu- | lars by the Inhabitants of thofe Climates who know j them very well. 1 To facilitate this Undertaking, we ought to fend ! thither a Man of War of the loweft Rate, and Man \ her with good Officers and Mariners, who have fail’d in 1 thofe Climates. We (hould alfo furniih the Ship with f Provifions for a Year and longer ; and being arriv’d in the Streighr, they ihould Winter in the moft commodious Place, and keep Correfpondence with the Ruffians and the Samoieds , waiting till the Mufcovites begin their Voyage. It would be very neceflary alfo, that fome Dutch Merchants who trade into Japan, ihould fail that Way to the Cape Tabin, or at lead, to fome neighbouring Place, and obferve the Courfe and the Country. Thefe ate the fureft, and undoubtedly the only Means to be Pontanusi Differtatm tnade ufe ef to cleat' that confiderable Doubt, w '. Whether it it pJfiMe to find a Fajfiage through the fiiJ Streight P I am not ignorant of the Opinion of others, who pretend that thefureft Way is to fail into the Main-Sea, togo round about the Northern Coaft of Nova ^eml>k to the Latitude of 82'Degrees, or thereabouts; * becaufe, ‘ fay they, the Days, and the. Summer are there longer, * and the Ice is not fo troublefopae, nor thrown in fuck ‘ Quantities from the Shore : In fine the Cold is not fo ‘ fevere as in 76 Degr. and under. I grant all thefePar¬ ticulars. are fo upon the Sphere., which is very crooked in that Latitude, and raifes the Sun upon the Horizon ft Months in the Year. However, this Opinion cannot (land for two Reafons. Firft, we are not at all acquain¬ ted with the Nature of that Climate, whether it is all over Sea, or whether ’tis a Continent, or Iflantk Secondly, fuppofing we could fail thither by the Main-! Sea, the Difficulty ftilt remains : for we rnuft go dawn I from the 80 eh, to the 70th Degree, and lower, and there be expos'd to thelnconveniencies and Sharpnels 0; the Cold, be furrounded with Shelves of Ice, have ra Communication with Mankind, in an unknown Coun¬ try, never fee the Light of the Sun, be in perpend War with wild Beafts, and at length, in all Probability, perifli miferably. All the Voyages undertook to this day upon that Dt- fign have had no manner of Succefs. Nicholas %cw was the firft who went to the Northerly Coaft of >)■ mrica in the Year 1380; and being tolled up an do® loft all hopes of Succefs in his Defign In the Ytr a 500, Gafpard Cortefius feavching for a Streight, found: River, and was oblig’d to come back again. He® deftook the fame Voyage next Year and dy’d. H Brother Michael dy’d foon after him in the fame Vot age. SebaJHm Gobertus. , a Venetian, was in the Ye *566, fentby Henry VII. King of England, to find North Paffage ; but he was ftopt hy the Ice, and n turn’d without Succefs. John Vaxajcenus going thisis ip the Year {524, with a Commiflion from Franca Ring of franco, landed ac the Cape of Brititd where he. and his Men were dovour’d by the Savasd Sebajiiau Gmcfius a Spaniard, undertook the fame Vd age, but gw no other Credit hy the Expedition, id that of bringing.home fome Savages with him. 1 Afterwards the Englijh having form’d the fame De¬ sign, Sir Hugh Willoughby fail’d in the Year 153}, and all came to72Degr. tVherehe and his Crew were loft through the Extremity of Cold and other Incon¬ veniences. Three Years after Stefh. Borrovaus fleer'd the fame Courfe, and difcover’d the Iflancfs of Galgoicvia, Ate Zambia and fome others; but begibnihg to feel : the cold Weather of that Climate, and fearing the Confquences that might attend it, return’d very oppor¬ tunely. After him Martin Forbijfhcr, Arthur Petraut, Charles Jackjnanus, and John Davis , undertook the fame Voyage without any Succefs.- Fotbifloer wasturn’d back by the Ice in 1576, Petrous and Jackman had no better Fortune in 1580, only they made a nicer Difcovery of fome of the Coafts of Nova ^embla. Davis in 1587; difcover’d a Gulph; but no body yet knows how far this Gulph extends. At laft the Dutch in otfr Age grow¬ ing famous in the. Art of Navigation by the Voyages and the Difcoveries they have made, undertook the fame Voyage with all the Trouble and Fatigue imagi-. nable, but with no better Succefs; Therefore I con¬ clude that the Paffage through the laid Sfreight can never be difcover’d, bur by the Methods above-men- tion’d. ■ A' EEL AT ION OF THE Firft Voyage of the D ZJTCti INTO THE EAST-INDIES, WITH An Account of all that h'apned in the Voy¬ age; the Condition,- Religion, and Man¬ ners of the Indians', with their Way of living; the Nature, Fertility, and Product of that Country; the Beads,. and other Creatures which are to be ieen there ; and generally what is mod remarkable and fit to be obferv’d in thofe Regions. T HE Dutch fubfifting tolerably by their TraM in Spain and other Parts of Europe, never thoughtpf undertaking long Voyages, and making New Difcoveries, till about the Year 1594. At that titne the Spaniards laying an Embargo upon their Ships, feiz’d their Effeds, put the Merchants and Matters of Ships into Prifon, under the Pretence that they came from their Enemies Country ; expos’d them to the Rigour of the Court of Inquifition, and fometimes kept them for the King’s Service. In fliort. ( hti the Haft-Indies. they treated them with the grcateft Injuftice, and left. em no Hopes of an Alteration.. Thefe Confiderations induc’d fome Merchants to form a Company, which at firft was call'd Tlx Company of Ptrripn Countries. Thefe, Gentlemen fitted out fome Ships for the Eaft-lndies, They were credibly inform’d that this Trade had brought a great deal of Riches to ihe Partuguefc; and therefore refolv’d to try if they could fettle a certain and durable Commerce with the Indians and Ifianders.who had no dependance.upon thePortuguc^e. Belides. they look’d upon fuch an Eftabliihme.pt as the only Me:;ns to avoid the continual Infulting of the .Span'ads, and to convey Spices, Drugs, and other Merchandize, from India into their own Country : Spin being now the only Store-houfe for thofe rich .Merchandizes. For that purpofein the Year 1^4. they fitted out four Ships at Amfierdam, one nam’d Maurice , of 400 Tuns, and fix great Pieces of Brafs Cannon, 14 little. Guns, four great Patereroes, and eight licrle ones, with Muskets and 'fmall Guns in proportion, tnann’d with 84 Seamen ; John Molenaar Matter, and Cornelius Human Commiflioner. The fecond Ship was nam’d the Holland, a Ship of the fame Complement, Burden, and Strength with the Maurice; John Dignumfy Matter, and Gerard Va& Bmingbcn Commiflioner. The Third Ship, Amftcrdam by Name, carry’d 200 Tuns, 59 Men, fix Pieces of Brafs Guns, ten other little ones, four great Parereroes, and fix fmall ones j John Jacob Shellingcr Matter, and Rene Fan Hel Cotrtr mi/fioner. The Fourth was a fmall Ship call’d the Pigeon, of a- bout 30 Tuns, 24 Men, two Pieces of Brals Cannon, fix little Cannons, and two Patereroes,; Simon Lam r herts Man Matter. So the whole Fleet carry’d 249 Men. Apnl 2, 1595. the four Ships broke Ground from the Texcl, and fail’d through the Spanijh Channel. The I’jth they faw the Iiland of Palma, without meeting any thing confiderable in their Courfe. The fame Day they faw the Iflands of Teneriff, Gomera , and Ficro or the Ifland of Iron, which is a Part of the Canaries. 1 The Iflands which the Ancients call’d the The Fortu- uatc IJlands, byreafonof their Fertility and Tempera^ ‘tureof the Air, having been difeover’d by the Spani- the Pirfl Voyage of the Dutch ‘Ards iii the Year 1402, they nam’d them the Canaries', 4 or the Iflands of Dogs j becaufc they found great 4 Numbers of ’em there. They are feven in all, viy ' Lancelot A, Fucrte or Forte Ventura , 'the Great Canary'' 1 'Tcncrijf, Gomera, Hierro or Ferro, and Palma. Tile 4 Great Canary is far diftanr from the others, and con- 4 tains 9000'Inhabitants. It is the Seat of the Biihop, * the Inquifitors, and of the Council-Royal, which go¬ verns all the feven Iflands. 4 There is a Mountain in the Tencrijf call’d the Pcf ‘ ofTeneriff or Terr air a, wliich according to the comnion P< Opinion, is the higheft in the World. It may be di- 4 ftindfly feen at fix Leagues diftance. There is no tra¬ velling to the Top of it, but in July and tlugufi ; be- 4 caufe all the Year befides it is cover’d with Snow, tbo’ there is none to be feen in the other Places of that I- • ‘fland.nor in the other fix at any time of the Year. It's ■‘•three Days Journey to the Top of ir, whence youmay 4 eafily fee all the C/ztMty-Iflands, tho’ fome of them arc 60 ‘ Leagues diftant. ‘ Hierro or Ferro is alfo one of the biggeft, but very ‘ barren, and fo dry, thatthere is not one Drop of freffi 4 Water to be found in it, except in fome Places along 4 theSea-fide, where it is alfo very troublefome and 4 dangerous to fetch it; but this Place the Providcnceof 4 God fupplies with Rain to remedy that Inconvenience; 4 For there grows ahnoft in every Place a fort of a Tree 4 which is pretty big, and incomparably fine ; its Leaver 4 are long and narrow, always green and lively. This 4 Tree is always cover’d with a little Cloud that hangs 4 over it, and wets the Leaves by its Dew ; fo that a 4 fine clear Water diftills from ’em into little Pails,which 4 the Inhabitants fet to catch ir; This Water falls in 4 fnch large Quantities, that it not only abundantly - 4 fupplies the Necefiity of the People, but is fufficient 4 alio to Water the Cattle. 4 The Canaries in general are very fertil, and abound '* with all forts of Provifions. They afford great Nuffi- 4 bersof Cattle, Store of Corn, Honey, Wax, Sugar, 4 Checfe, and Skins. The Wine of that Country is 4 pleafant and very ftrong, and cranfported into all Parts ‘of the World. to the Eaft-Indies. ! T \\eSpanijk Ships that fail into America , cofhmonly 1 ftay at thofe 1 (lands to take in Provifions. ‘ On the right hand of thefe Iflands about j ob Leagues 'off, theMariners very often perceive.an Iiland nam’d S. ' Biwiora. They fay ’cisall over green, very pleafant, ' full of Trees,and has Plenty of all manner of Provifions. ‘ They fay ’tis inhabited by Chriflians, but no Man can ' tell of what Nation they are, nor what Language they ' Jpeak. The Spaniards in the Canaries have attempted ' oftentimes to go thither, but could never find the way ‘into it, which rais’d an Opinion in the People, that ic 'was an Illufion or an inchanted Ifland, or that the I- '(land is only feen at certain times, and, nor always; ' but others alledge a better Reafon, by laying the I- ‘ Hand is fmall, and almoft cover’d with Clouds, and |‘that the Strength of the Currents are fo powerful ‘there, that they drive the Ships from it. However, j "tis certain that there is fuch an Ifland at fuch a Diftance ' from the Canaries as' I mention’d before. The 25?/) they faw the Ifland Bona- Vifla, one of thofe which are call'd by the Portuguese, Green Iflands, or Las Ilbas Verdes, in the Latitude of 16 Deg. The Wand of Bona Vifla is dry, full of Rocks, arid not much inhabited ; for there is no Water, nor any Pro- ''ifions for Ships. The i6tb they deicry’d the Ifland of Sr. Jago, inha¬ bited byafew Portuguese, and about Noon came to an Anchor under the Ifland of Maio in 14 Deg. 50 Min. N. Latitude, and in 8. Deg. 40 Min. to the South of the Tropick of Cancer. There they landed, and found a little Church, with a lighted.Lamp hanging up in it.and a few ruin’d Houfes which made ’em believe there were fome Inhabitants there, but that they were perhaps frighted a- W at their coming. The Ifland isalfo very dry, but there is abundance K Kids and Goats in it, with Barbary-Hens, and -other powls. There is alfo abundance of Salt caft up by the Fa, but very hard to be got, becaufe the Sea'breaks violently upon the Sand. At the Eaft Side there is a (wvulerpf frelh Water fetwith Oca-Trees on both (ides, w hichwe fhall treat of hereafter. The Seamen going Hunting, kill’d many He-Goats, and met in their-way Wesand.Carts; whence they inferr’d there was People tho’ they could notbefeen. H 'The The Firfl Voyage of the Dutch ‘ The Green iflands, which the Dutch call the Silt. ‘ IJlands, from the Quantity of Salt found there, were ‘ difcover’d by the Portuguese in the Year 1571, who * inhabit fome of them to this Day. They are Ten in 4 Number, vi%. St. Jago, Sta. Lucia, San Vincente, St, 4 Antonio, St. Nicholas, Ilha Blanea, llha do Sal, Il/u 4 de Mai'o, Ilha do Logo, and Ilha dc Bona Vifla. They ' reach from the Green Cafe, of which we lhall fpcak 4 hereafter, 160 Leagues into the Sea. Some are of * opinion that they were nam’d Green Iflands from the 4 Green Cape; others, becaufe the Sea that furrounds’em 4 is cover’d with a green Herb call’d by the Portuguese, 4 Sm jalfa or Creffes,for that it is much like Watcr-Creffei. 4 This Herb fo covers the Sea, that you can hardly 4 fee the Water; nor can the Ships fail through it, but 4 with a ftiff Gale of Wind. It brings forth Eerries 4 much like white Goofeberries ; but they have no man- 4 ner of Tafte. No body can tell how it grows; for 4 there is no Ground or Land about the Place where it 4 floats upon the Water, and it cannot come from the 4 Bottom of the Sea; becaufe the Sea is very deep, anil 4 in many Places unfathomable. You begin to lee that 4 Herb, when you are come to the Latitude of 34 Degr. 4 where it lies lb thick, that one would take it for fo ma- 4 ny Iflands ; but, what is more obfervable, you cannot 4 fee this Herb any where elle. . 4 When the Portuguese difcover’d thofe Iflands, they 4 were.all Dcfart and uninhabited ; but now it affords * Plenty .of Rice, Mill, Tartarian Wheat, Oranges, Le- 4 mons, Citrons, Bananas, Ananas, Ignanes, Batumi, 4 Melons, Cucumbers, Pumpkins, and feveral other 4 forts of Fruits.' It produces alfo Garden and wild Figs, 4 Vineyards .which bring forth Grapes twice a Year, * and abundance of great and fmall Cartel, but efpcci- .‘.ally Rids The Iflands of BonaVifta, Mai'o, and* 4 Sal, haveMcat enough to lade the Ships that go toBotpc 4 Tlic Capital City is St. Jago, the Govemour whereef 4 cominands all the Iflands under the Authority of the h- 4 of Portugal, and refides there. It hath alfo an Archiefit 4 copal See ; and the Jurifdidlion of that Prelate reaches 4 not only oyer the Iflands, but over all the Couqucllsth 4 Portuguese have made on this fide the of Gotti df 4 All theiflands of Cape Vert are good Places to we 4 infrefli Water in a long Voyage; for in the 97 to the Eaft-Indies. 1 Mia, as we faid before, there is a little River to the ‘Eaft ; and the Land being uninhabited, no body can ‘ hinder you from taking it; and coming back, you 1 may touch at the Ifland of St. Antonio, where there is ‘alfo very good frefli Water, with good Refrefhments 'of Fruits; as Oranges, &c. There arein that Ifland 1 feme Portuguese, but fo few, that they cannot hinder 'ycu from raking what you pleafe. April 28. they had the Sun upon the %enitb perpen¬ dicular over their Heads; fo that there was no Shade at all, being then in 13 Degr. 30 Min. North Latitude, Mo/ 4. about five or fix in the Morning, they difeover- ed two Carraqucs or Portuguese Velfels ; who feeing them, would have been glad to avoid them ; but meet¬ ing together, they took down their Flags. The Portu- im{e told them they thought they were 80 Leagues di- ftantfrom the Land, having been ao Days failing from Lilian. There were five Ships of ’em all bound for Gm, the Archbilhop of that City being on board one of’em, with 400 Soldiers, 150 Mariners, and 18 Pie¬ ces of Brafs Cannon. They prefented the Dutch with fome Marmalade and Sweet-meats ; and the Dutch gave ’em fome Cheefe and Gammons of Bacon ; after which they parted,and falured one another with their greatGuns. The cjth they endur’d a violent Storm, The r 0 th they faw feven Ships, vis • ^ ve Dutch Veffels, and two Portuguese Barks coming from St. Thomas. They row¬ ed with great Joy on board the Dutch, and treated’em with all kinds of Sweet-meats and Sugafe v And the ! butch having prefented them with Beer and other Pro- viuons, they parted about Evening. The fame Night the Ship Maurice and the Yatchc ™ the others, but met them again about Noon. The Admiral’s Main-Top-Maft was broken down by a Thunder-bolt in the Night; which, with the rapid Currents they there met with, retarded their Voyage “ve or fix Days. However, they ftill flood to their di- '«t Courfe as near as the Wind would permit, which in Latitude is always North-Eaft, and is oftentimes sccompany’d with Gulls of Wind, which the Portu- call Turbades or Travndcs. Thefe Hurricanes at- Wed with exceffive Rains, fall on a fudden upon the ““■ps, and tofs them fo violently, that one would think would periih immediately. But they don’t laft a- H % feove 7 he Firft Voyage of the Dutch bove an Hour and half; and when they are over,the Air is fo calm.tbat theSurface of the Sea is as fmooth asGlafs, June 14. they crofs'dthe Line, under which they had a great Calm, and exceflive Heats, with a South-Well Wind which blows all the Year from the Line to the Rocks call'd Abrolhos. For that Reafon, when you have crofs'd the Line, you muft fail to the Eaft as much as you can, to double thofe Rocks which run from the Coaft of Brazil 30 Leagues into the Sea ; for elfe, if you fail towards the Rocks, your Voyage is at an End, and you muft return back. The 25 th they pafs’d the Rocks, and then for Joy made a great Feaft. They were then in 18 Deg. South Latitude. In the beginning of July one of John Mtk- mar's Seamen dy’d, who was the firft Man they loll: But at the fame time all the Seamen were fick of tie Scurvy, occafion'd by the Sea-Air, and by eating of Salt Meat. , „ , The zqtb they thought they were near the Cafe ij Good Hope, and yet they could fee no Land, and were all in a deplorable Condition ; for there was in one Ship above 50 Men fick of the Scuivy. The 31/? they began to fee the Trumbas or Bundles of Rufhes with their Roots floating, which is a certain Sip that they arc not very far from the Capo of Good Hope. ‘ This Cape is the mod: Southerly Point of 4 ™. ‘ and was fo nam’d bv the Portuguese, Bartholomew Dk ‘ difeover’d it in the Year 1493, or thereabout. When 1 he return’d to Po rugal, and' gave a Relation of all™ ‘ hadhapned, to John II fpeakingof this Cape, lie toll ‘ the King it might be call’d The Tempcftucus Cape, » ‘ eaufe of the furious and dangerous Winds that bW ‘continually in that Latitude. B.ut the King reply d,« ‘ vims better to call it the Cape of Good Hope ; becatu. ‘ Men were always in good hopes of doubling ‘ and fromthat time the Mariners cal.l it by that Kami 4 The Portuguese coming from the Eaft-hidics,zm 4 congratulate one another when they have doubld® ‘ Cape ; for they fear no. Dangers afterwards, but r 4 kon themfelyes to be fafely arriv’d already, befl« 4 they cannot be driven back into the EaJl-bidics,A 4 fometimes happens when they are beyond that' ^ 4 and for that reafon alfo it was juftly call’d The 4 c/ Good Hope. The Portuguese pretend that ‘ C ma was the firft that difeover’d it. to to the Eaft-Indies. 1 The trueft fign that you have palled that famous ‘ point is,, the meeting with Rudies that are covered 1 with Mofs, and fome (mail Birds, which are a lit- ‘ tie bigger than Swallows, and whole Feathers are ‘ white fpotted with black. The Portuguefe call them ‘ Fefans. The Country which lies beyond rhe Cape ‘is very Healthful, and the Air very Temperate 5 if it ‘ were cultivated it, would produce good Fruits. It har- 1 hours great numbers of Stags, and other forts of ‘Venizon. Aujiuft the id, about Sun fetting they difeover’d the Continent of Africa, and rejoyced extreamly at the difeovery. About five Leagues off the Land to' the North-Eaft, the Country feemed to be high and Moun- i tainous, but fleering along the Coaft they found it lower as they advanc’d. The next day they faw a River, the Mouth of which has a flielf running. a crofs it 5 and abouc Evening the Cape of Needles , which is very low. The 4f/r they came into the Bay called by the Por- tiitruefe Atjuadsi deSanbnts , which is expofed to all Winds, but the North. The Coaft is very high, and upon the molt Wefterly Point of it you may fee a Tree like a Caftle. That Bay lies 45 Leagues above the Cape of Good Hope. It has a little Illand, or rather a great Rock cover’d with an infinite multitude of Fowls cal¬ led Pinguins, about the bignefs of aGoofe. They have cither no Wings, or elfe they ate fofmalland fo (horc, that they look more like Furr, or the hair of Bealls than Wings. You may eafily take them, for they will no: fly from you, which is an evident fign that they lee but few Men, or none at all. Their Skin is fo hard, you can hardly cut it with a broad Sword. There alfo upon that Rock a great many Sea- Dogs, who flood in their own defence againft the Mariners j they kill'd fome, but neither the Sea-Dogs nor the Birds were good to eat. . The 5 tb about Night eight Men rowed to the .(hoar to obferve the Country, and while they were walking* sod had advanced a pretty way, leven Blacks follow* tog the Footfteps of the Seamen, came to the; Sloop, which lay near the (hoar. When.the Seamen returned, Jey prefented them with Knives, Li.nneniCloth, little, hells, Looking-Glaflesand fome Stuffsand,, Cloth-; H 5 bflr 99 100 / The Firfi Voyage of the Dutch but they did not care for ’em, for they threw them down upon the Ground. Then they gave them fome Wine and Biskets which they liked much better, and appeared very well pleafed, fhewed great kindnel’s to the Seamen, who let them underftand they would be glad to have tome Oxen and Sheep ; upon which the Blacks told them, they Ihould have fome the next day after. Some of the Seamen having landed again on the ptb, found a very fine Country full of fweet Woods and Flowers. They alfo obferved the Footfteps of Men, Beafts, Dogs, (§c. and little Bells, and Looking- Glaffes which they prefented the Blacks with the day before, all broken in pieces and lying on the ground with the Linnen Cloth. In the mean while fome o- ther Natives of the Country advancing to the Sloop, the Seamen quickly returned to her; whereupon the Savages retired, running by them without being feen, for they are very nimble in eroding the Woods. They came back a little while after, and feeing fome Iron, which they call Cory, they promifed to bring ’em fome Cattel in exchange for it. In the Afternoon io Seamen went alhoar again, with a refolution to find out the Habitations of the Sava- .ges. The Savages joyn’d ’em without fpeaking to ’em. When the Seamen mov’d forward, they mov’d in like manner, and when thofe made a halt, they fat down fquat upon their Breeches, with their heels brought up to it. At laft the Seamen perceiving that Night ap¬ proach’d, return’d on Board without doing any thing, The 7 th 13 of ’em came a-lhoar in queft of the places where the Savages had their Refidence. After they had walked about half an hour, they faw them coming with fix Sheep, for which they gave them Iron Barrs of 30 pounds Weight, and fome pieces of Money. But feeing they could not break the Iron to divide it, they quarrelled, and prefently made a fmoak to give notice to their Companions. But the Seamen putting out the Fire, the Savages fiezed two of the Sheep and ran away, but the other four were brought on board the Sloop. The Savages following the Seamen in their Retreat, told them they would bring them more Cattel, and upon that promife, a Peace'was made and agreed »• I I to the Eaft-Indies. The Seamen gave them fome Sack, upon condition they ihould bring them more Cartel for Iron. Then they filled their Veflels with frelh Water, which was very good in that place. Probably other Men had been there before to get frelh Water, for near it on the South fide, they faw a little Fort built with Stones. The next day fome more Seamen landed, and in rowing catched Oyfters, wherein they found Pearls. They gathered abundance of Sweet-Herbs which grow there, Then the Centinels gave notice that the Sava¬ ges were coming, who bringing Cattle, defired to fee fome Iron, and took fome in exchange for the value of the Cattle, upon which the Seamen went on board their Sloop, and took the Cattle with them. On the 9 mf durlt not, or would not come to them. But at lair h £ came, rook all the Fifn from the Blacks, and fold it torne Dutch for Kjiftde. He was cover’d down to ins with a ftriped Cotton Cloth like Ticking. ■* 1 to the Eaft-Indies. The Seamen having now got ftore of Fifli, row’d towards the Mouth of the Giilf; and the Savages not being able to row fo fail, went a-lhoar again, and lay in Ambulb. The Seamen landing, fent Centinels before them left they ftould be furpriz’d. Then they fent five Men to view the Country ; who coming into a narrow Paffage , fell into an Ambufti of fifty Blacks, who furrounded ’em , and (hot Arrows fo thick at ’em, that they were forc’d to defend themfelvcs. Then (hooting three times at 'em with their Muskets, one of ’em was (hot in the Heajl and fell down dead ; which. fo frighted the reft, that they all ran away, without flaying for another [ Difcharge. By which means the Dutch being deli- I ver'd from ’em, view’d feveral places of the Country, | which was every where very barren, dry and Wood- | dy; and about Evening return’d on board their Sloop. Sift. ii. in the Morning, the Pinnace and the Sloop being both well arm’d, put out towards the Sea to dif- cover fome Place where they might get Provifions. The third Day they landed upon two Iflands that were very barren , where they found nothing but two Fifhermen. To the Eaft-North-Eaft of thefe I- dands, 'there’s" a Bay call'd St. Auftin , in the Lati¬ tude of 23 Degr. diretftly under the Tropick' of Cu- fricsn , where they found a fine and large River running into the Sea through two Canals, which came down ftom the Mountains. As foori as they got inco the River, the Inhabitants of that Countrey came freely to them, and were amaz’d to fee white Men, and much, more to fee the Pinnace more withbuc Oars or Rowers. Thete the Dutch bought Sheep of an extraordinary Bigncfs, and very far, fora very few Glafs Beads, little Looking-Glades, Sc. One of the .Seamen (hewing them a Pewter Spoon, they profer’d a great and fat Ox for it ; but the Ox running away, others came to make the fame Offer for the Spoon, which rais'd a Quarrel amongft them, and they were going to fight if the Dutch had not given the Spoon to thefirft Man, who left his Boat, and a Man in pawn, till ba ftiould bring an Ox. That Country is very pleafant, and full of green Hills and Vales, with an infinite Number of all forts of Birds, which fung to admiration. There was alfo a great many The Ftrji Voyage of the Dutch many Apes on the Tops of wild Palm-Trees which bring forth Taritirinds , or Indian Dates. This Fruit is com¬ fortable to the Stomach, and cools the Liver and Reins, and confequently is a Sovereign Remedy again!! the Scilrvy; which the Seamen were at that time fo tormented with, that tbofe that were indifferently well, and not downright lick, were not fufficient in Number, nor fcarce able to Man the Sails. But thefe Dates did them a great deal of good. The Pinnace’s Crew confidering that their Compani- ons expeded them with great Impatience, and that ’twas unfafe for them to tarry long in the Iflands, (race there were but 20 Men left in the whole Fleet, sbofc^ being dead ; they put to Sea again, and came to them the firft of OBober, and gave ’em to know that they had found a good Bay, where they might be furnilh’d with all manner of Provifions and Refrefhmcnts, which was a very agreeable Piece of News to them. While the Pinnace and the Sloop were in their Voy¬ age, two Seamen, one of the Holland’s Crew, the 0- therof the Amfterdam, had been condemn’d as Milli¬ ners to be left alhore, unlefs in five days time they Ihoiild bring Oranges and other Refrelhmcnts; and then they fhould have their Pardons j but from that time they were never heard of. The 30 tb was remarkable for the Death of 3 »i 5 ivnumt Matter of the Holland, who was bury’d it a little Bland call’d The Dutch Clmrcb-Tard. OBober 5, the feal’d Letters of the Diredors were open’d and read before them all; by which it was order’d, Thai Peter Dlrk?\ K c )f a or Emperor, (bould be nominated Matter of the fame Ship: Whereupon they all promi- fed to obey him, as they had done to the late Ma- ftcr, OElobcr 7. they fail’d again ; and the 9 tb about E- vening they came upon the Coaft where the Pinnace bad been before. Here they caft Anchor upon a Clayie Bot¬ tom in 30 Fathoms Water. The 1 otb they row'd with their Sloop to the River, having fome Inhabitants ofthe Country for their Guides, who had come on board, and prefented them with Sheep, a (Turing them that they might find all forts of good Cattle in that to the Eaft-Tndies. In fhort; when they had landed, they bought as many Oxen and Sheep as they defir’d, for Pewter Spoons. One Ox, or three or four Sheep were fold for one Spoon j for nothing pleas’d them fo well as a Pew¬ ter Spoon, or Kitchin Implements of the fame Metal. They were fo great Admirers of them, that they gave a Seaman a young Girl of ten Years old for a Spoon, and he having accepted her, was forc'd to fend her away a- gain, becaufe die cry’d fo bitterly they were not able to endure it. The nth a great many Blacks came on board again with Cattle and Fi(h, both dry’d and frelh, belidesMilk and other Provilions ; and after adjufting the Price, they went away very well contented. Afterwards, the Dutch appointed three Officers to find out a convenient Place for the Sick, who wanted to take the Air, and to re- frelh themfeives. The Officers having executed their Commiffion, the Sick landed to refrefh themfeives after a long Sicknefs. But they were not long at quiet there ; for the Sava¬ ges coming to them under the Pretence of felling fome- thing, obferv’d they were very weak; and having retur¬ ned to gather more Men, came upon ’em again with a- bove a hundred Hands, robbing the Dutchmen and broiling them with Stones. Then they went to a- nother Company that were not very far from the o- thers; but rhefe being ftronger, and having four or fix Guns, fhot and kill’d two or three of the Savages. The reft of the Seamen who were on board, hearing the Noife of the Guns, row’d to the Shoar ; but the Savages ran away, whom the Sailers purfu’d j but they row’d fo fall with their little Boats to the Number of twenty five, that it was impoffifele to come up with them. This Adventure oblig’d the Dutch to make Inrrench- mcnts with Trees round about the Place where their lick Men lay, which they fortify’d with three or four Patereroes, and a Detatchment of four or five Meu out of each Ship. Notwithftanding this Treachery of the Savages they «me afterwards very confidently aboard to fell their Sheep • a n d f ome 0 f r hem were feen to be wounded Wth Musket-fhot. The Dutch bought fome Oxen of them, and they were fo confident and unconfern’d, as 109 no The Fuji Foyage of the Dutch as to wear at the fame time over their Shoulders what they had fiolenfrom the Sick, as if they had perform'd a brave Adion. . The 26th- in the Morning fome of thofe who were in the Intrenchmenrs went out as they us’d to do every day, to Ihoot, or catch with Snares, Apes, Parrots, B.w- bary Hens and other Birds, which by their Singing and delicate fine Feathers, render’d • the Wildernefs very pleafanr. They' met with a Weaver at his Loom wea¬ ving a Piece of Callicoe, and carry’d him Prifoner into their Intrenchments. A little while after they faw feven Boats rowing towards them, bringing Fiih to fell. But the Dutch obferving that the Savages had many things about them which they had ftole from them, offer’d to take them again by Force j upon which they quarrell’d and fought, and in the Rencounter two of the Savages were kill'd, feveral wounded, and two Men, two Wo¬ men, and four Children, were taken Prifoners. The Dutch releas’d the two Women, and the two leaf!; of the Children, and fent -the other two Children and the two Men on board. The 30th they went up the River, and took with them one of the Prifoners to exchange him for Cattle, as the Savages made them underftand they would do. When the Dutch were near theShoar, the Savages came to' fee the Prifoner, and kifs’d his Hand, without fear¬ ing to be made Prifoners themfclves. They brought an Ox and two N $beep .for his .Ranfom ; but the Dutch wo.ufd take nothing, but g%e him to them gratis, paid them for their Cattle, and return’d or. board. . The next Night the other Prifoners who were but manacl’d, and the young Boys who were loofe, went out foftly through'a ; Port-Hole, and fwam to get a- ihoar. The oJdeft, -who was manacl’d, and therefore could not fwim, jwas drown’d; the two Boys fwam toward? the little Boat of the Pinnace, and took her to fave themfelves. But,the Current drove them into the Sea, Where the Dutch found' them in the Morning, and took one of them a-fit oar. ta exchange him for Cattle. But the Savages would riot’fo much as give one Sheep for their Ranfom; fo chat they were put on board again,,and brought to .Holland, where one was nam'd ' Lawrcpcs, .and.rbe other M.uitgufcur. tin ■ to the Eaft-Incfies. Novemb. 17. they deratch’d the Pinnace to go fur- iher to the Northward to feek for Fruits, fuch as Oranges, Lemons, ( 3 c. The 25 tb (he came back, and join’d them again, hav¬ ing gone as far as the Latitude of 20 Deg. without dilcovering any thing but poor Savages all naked except their Privy Parts. ■The Quarrel the Dutch had with the Savages lelfen’d the Confidence they had in them formerly ; info- much that they would bring them no more Cattle, nor fell any thing; but as foon as they faw the Dutch, would run away , and refufe to {peak with them ; which put the Dutch upon other Methods to get Provifions and other Necelfaries. November 28. Sixteen of their Men went farther in the Country to the Wells where the Cattle us’d to drink, and here came fome Blacks with their Gourd-Bottles to take- up Water. The Dutch. follow’d them to their Habitations, but the Savages ran away. Being come to their Hutts, the Dutch were furround- ded immediately with above 300 Savages, whothreat- ned to (hoot’em with their Bows and Arrows. Tho’ the hutch did all they could to make them Friends, by Hewing them the fmall Wares they brought to ex¬ change for Cattle; but the Blacks continu’d angry, and Bill threatned the Dutch exceedingly. In the ‘mean while a Musket going off accidentally,’ it fo frightned the Savages, that they betook themfelves to their Hutts; but fome of them. were ftopt, and by good Words perfwaded to fell two Oxen and three Sheep' for Pewter Spoons: After which, they defir’d the Dutch to retire ; becaufe all the reft, Men, Women, and Children, were frighted away at the Sight of them. About Noon fome of the Blacks approach’d near the Intrenchments, fignifying to the Dutch by Signs that they had brought them fome Milk ; but their on¬ ly Aim was to decoy ’em out of their fort. For coming again in the Afternoon, Nicholas JanJJen, Pi¬ lot of the Maurice going with two Volunteers to ®eet them, they took them afide about a Musket- " 10t off, and then fell upon tjiem with their Knives ®d Hatchets, and foot the Pilot into the Throat with * Arrow,- which kill’d hi*. They likewife Wounded I «h«l . n 4 The jrjl Voyage of the Dutch the two Volunteers, and would certainly have kill'd them, if they had not ftoutly defended themfelves with their Weapons. At the Noife of ithis Battle great Numbers of Blacks came out of the Woods dancing for joy that they had been reveng’d of their Enemies. The Dutch carry’d off the dead Pilot, and bury'd him decent¬ ly ; but .refolv’d to revenge the Affront. Upon that defign forty of them went the next day to the Sa¬ vages Habitations; but they were all fled with their Wives, Children and Cattle. So they were oblig’d to return back without doing any thing. The-next day two Savages coming near to the In- trenchments in a little Boat, one of ’em landed to fetch Packs of Callico, and the otherbeing purfu’d and boar¬ ded, he threw himfelf into the Water, and did all he could to defend himfelf ; but at laft was taken. The •two. Volunteers knowing him to be one of thofe who . had murder’d the Pilot, he was condemn’d to he ty’d to a Stake in the fame Place where the Mur¬ der .was committed, and to be fhot to Death. He was about fifty‘Years of Age. The Death of that Savage broke all manner of Correfporidence with them ; and the Dutch feeing . there was no Probability of Trading with them any more, brought their Sick on board again Dectmh. i. and burnt their Tntrenchments, whither the Blacks came afterwards to fee if there was any thing left behind. The Third they -went up the River again with a little Boat and a Sloop, to fee if they could difeo- ver any .thing elfe ; but came back the next day, becaufe the River was fo rapid that they could row but Three Leagues in it. Befides that, they fa»| nothing but a wild, -uninhabited, barren and unfocta-. •ble 'Country: For if they faw a .Alan, he prefentlyj • fled from 'em. So .finding nothing but good M Water, they took in good ftore of .it. J The, 6th, They went out in -the Sloop again; and being two ‘Leagues off the Fleet, they landed toj kill Lome Venifon, of-which they- found abundances and having (hot a Deer, the .reft" were frighted away j but one of ’em funning to the Sea-fide, was taken • and brought on board the Ship. At this to the Eaft-Indies: {lea: was exceflive; for the Sun was in the i^eniih, and perpendicular over their Heads. ' . ' The Inhabitants of both Sexes in this Place are black, ftrong, and well-lhap’d. The Men have no o- ther Cioaths but a Piece of Calli.co ty’d about the middle of their Bodies, and the Women have a Piece of the fame Cloth upon their Breads, which hangsl down to their Feet. They have great Holes in the Lobes of their Ears, in which they hang little Bits of Wood: and they wear Brafs and Pewter Brace- Itis. They neither fow nor reap ; but live only upon F®, excepting a few of .the richer fort, who have j.Cattle, and feed upon ’em. They live in fmall Huts without any ,ftore of Frovifions. Thtir Arms are little Spears or Ajfagays, which they dare very dexteroufly, each of ’em being provided with a whole ! Handful. They are fo fear’d With Fufeet, that one ;Man fo arm’d will put a hundred of them to ;%ht. In that Country there is .plenty of Turtle-Doves, En/ Parrots, Partridges, Herns, and other Fowls, as in Europe ; together with a Multitude of Apes of another Shape and Hair than thofe of Brafil or Spain. They have plenty of Dates, Melons, Pumpkins, and two or three forts of fmall Beans; namely, red, black and white. In the Woods they have abundance of Honey; and they have likewife an infinite Number of dinging Birds. The Herb of which the Anil is made, grows there to the Fields; and when they have Occafion to dye f'dlico, they gather it bruife it, and fo employ it for that purpofe. The Inhabitants call it Ehgar, ad will not fell it to be carr/d out of that Country; Its Leaves are likeRofemary Leaves; but the Plant is not much higher than Thyme. They have alfo federal forts of Wood, Which dye ® J ck, yellow and dark Colours; and plenty of Iron j»d Copper Mines. They have fiich a high Efteem bt Pewter, that if you prefeut ’em with’ a Silver hpoon, and a PeWter one, they Will make choice of '“rawterorie/ • ’ ’ ‘ 1 ■ ' ' 1 16 the Firfi Voyage »f the Dutch I Cotton grows in very great plenty inthe Fields upon! little Trees. They trade only in dry and roafted Fiflij and carry it farther into the Country, to the great! Town call’d Fjngo, whither they alfo carry Dates and! Salt, and exchange it for long Darts and great! Knives. They call the firft Leffo , and the other! Veil. _ i The Men pafs their time in Hunting, and the! Women in fpinning and weaving Callico’s. Their ordinary Food is Fifh, Dates, Beans, Milk, and fome- times Fleth. When any of them has kill’d a good; Beaft, all the Neighbours come to ask a Piece of; it, promifing to return them as much again. j ■Their Oxen are very big, full of Flelh, and have a! great Lump of Fat upon the Back. The Cattle feed in fine and good Paftures, fometimes in one Place,! fometimes in another, according to the Seafon of the Year, as formerly the Nomades in Africa us’d to do, 1 The Sheep are of an extraordinary Size, and very, fat, a Loyn of Mutton being 13 Inches thick, and com-, monly of u Pounds weighc. ! Every Man has a Wife. The Men marry when theyj are but 11 or iz Years old , and the Women an 10. Adultery and Robbery are Capital Crimes The Dutch could not underftand of what Religion they were; but afterwards they learn’d from did young Men they brought into Holland, that they obj ferv’d xht. Alcoran. ThefeBoys (how’d that they had been circumcis’d in their Infancy: To which they adj ded, that thofe who circumcife, are oblig’d to fwallow without chawing the Praputium or Fore-skin of the Yard. They believe in one Creator of all things, and offej up their Prayers to him; but have no particular Daj appointed for the performance of their Devotions; foj all Day s are alike to them • nay they have not fj much as diftinguilhing Names for them. They nevej reckon by the: Year, Month or Week ; and haveo« ly ten Numbers, which they call Iff a, l{evc, T'lkM fat, Enning, Fruto, tVedo, Sidai, Scula ; that is to fa)j One, Two, &c. They (land mightily in fear of the Dd vil, whom they call T aiwaddei, becaufe he takes deliglj in tormenting them very often, and efpeciaily the Menj to to the Eaft-Indies. 117 'The Ifland is call’d by the Inhabitants Madagaf- ar, and by the Portuguese St. Lawrence ; becaufe they ‘ difcover'd it on St. Lawrence’s Day in the Year ‘1506. It is reckon’d to be one of the longeft I- < (lands in the World. Some affirm that it .contains < 5000 Italian Miles in Circumference, which make '400 Leagues, at 15 Leagues a Degree : So that ‘according to this Account, it is bigger than Portugal 'and longer than Italy. The Air is here very tempe- ■ rate, and for that reafon the Ifland is very popu- ‘ lous. ‘ The Inhabitants, efpecially thofe that dwell upon 'tiie Sea-Coafts are for the generality Mahometans. ‘Their Manners, Cloaths, Religion and Way of liv- ‘ing, have been already accounted for in fome mea- ‘ fure. 1 Mark. Paul of Venice reports that the Ifland is go¬ vern'd by four of the Seniors or ancient Men, and ‘enjoys plenty of Fowl and feveral other things. ‘ Here are Elephants and two forts of Unicorns, one ‘ call’d Indian Affes, which have Claws, but no clo- 1 ven Feet; the other fort are call’d Orix, and have ‘both Claws and cloven Feet. There is a great ‘Quantity of Lizzards in the Ifland, and a great ‘ Wood of Redfandcrs Trees, which are much valu’d, ‘ becaufe they are fo plentiful. ‘The Sea cafts upon the Shoar great Quantity of ‘Amber. The Ground produceth abundance of Rice, ' Barley, Citrons, Limons, Oranges, and fuchlarge Pumr 1 pkins, that a Man can hardly clal’p one with his Arms j Home are red, fome yellow, and ethers white, which ' have a more pleafant Tafte than thole that grow in ' Holland; they have alfo Ginger Honey and Sugar- 1 Canes; but don’t know the Ufe of them j abun¬ dance of Saffron, Ivory, medicinal Herbs, Coco- ‘Nuts,t=?c. ‘ The Ifland produces fome Silver, and has many | Rivers and Harbours frequented by the Moors and 'Mucens. There are Lions, Leopards, Stags, Hinds, ‘Deer, and feveral ocher wild and tame Beafts in it; bur efpecially a great Number of Camels, whofq Hefli the Inhabitants feed much upon, and.reckon it . Wholfome Food. Thus far Mark. Paul of Venice. . I 3 . ' '■ >•’ .The . ix8 TheFirfl P'oyage of the Dutch The Dutch, feeing they vvere like to haye no more Provifioris n°r Commerce with the Natives, weigh’d Anchor the firft of December 1595, and fail’d in order to continue their Voyage to Java. They were afflift. ed with many Storms till the 4th of January 1595. at which time they obferv’d that the Strength of the Currents, a'nd the Winds blowing from the Sootl). Eaft, drove ’em more to the North than to the Ealt, Many of their fick People relaps’d again. Thofe Accidents made them refolve tp fail back to Mdi- gafear, Jan. 5. in the Latitude of 17 Deg, and then ftand in for the Ifland of Sta. Maria in hopes of getting jfome Refrefhments. On the toth they made to the Ifland of Sta. Marine high Country lying to the Eaft of Madagafcar in 18 Deg, 30 Min. The 11 th they anchor'd to the South of that Ifland at 15 Fathoms Water, and the next Day refolv'd to fend a Boat and Men from each Ship to view the Country, and fee what Fruit it produc’d. ' In the mean time a Tol or Boat belonging to the Ifland came on board the Lion of Holland. The Boat would carry thirty or forty People, having Benches round about 'to fit on, without any Cover; but her Timber war only joyn’d with wooden Pegs. This Boat was mann’d with five Men tvho brought with them very fine Sugar Canes, Lemons and a Hen; for'which the Dutch gave them in Exchange Handker¬ chiefs and Glafs Beads, and gave Thanks to GodAl-i mighty, that had fo well provided for them. The Sava¬ ges ftaid to eat and drink on board the Lion, till they! Were all quite drunk, and then they danc’d merrily after the manner of that Countrey. In the mean time fomc of the Dutch Seamen haying row’d three little Boats towards the Shoar, found aj great many of the Natives there, who had brought ’emj Lemons and Palmites, a Fruit refembling Pine-Apples®! Bananes, which grow -upon high Trees, not on the Boughs j but .on the Body of the Tree , which is Thorny, very fweer, and of the Colour of Gold. TM proiijght alfo Milk of ‘Bananes, and Strcmetis, anothed fort of Fruit like Dates; which heat the MouthlikePepj per. With a fort of pceyi Pears! clammy within, but vej ry cooling.and.wholfome, and another kind of Fnwj to the Eaft-Indies. i s g as cold as Melons, having a very thick Rind , with feveral ocher forts of Fruits. The Dutch row’d with them to a Canal between* the great and little Iiland, where they found a Top- Maftand a Mizzon-Maft half burnt, which made them chink that undoubtedly fome Ship had been loltin that Place. They were then too far off their Ships to go farther with their Boats: and therefore fent five Men along with the Natives to fee their Habitations ; who coining back, reported that they had found frefh Water. Afterwards they row'd to go on board, but landed by the Way again to gather fome Fruits, and faw fine Fa¬ ilures full of Oxen. The next day they went a-fhoar again to a Village with about twenty Houfes in it, and alfb to another that was near it, where there prefently appear’d a Multitude of Men and Women met together with their King, who fat- under a Tree, the Branches of it being twifted one with another fo, aSto make a kind of Canopy. The Women walk’d to that Place with abundance of Gravity, carrying upon their Heads feveral forts of Fruits, Hens and other Provifions, which were brought to the Boats by their Servants, and the Dutch gave them Glafs Wares for them.' Their King, whoth they call’d Cheque, feeni'd- to make a long Speech to the Dutch upon their Arrival there, lifting up his Efes to Heaven while he was fpeaking ; bur the Dutch could nor underftand one Word he faid to them. ?■«!. the i i\th fix or feven Seamen belonging to (he Ship call'd the Holland , went a-fhoar and prefented the King with a fine Looking-GIafs, and fome blue Beads, tthich they put about his Neck. The Prefent was ac¬ cepted by the Cheque , but without any manner of Re- ipett; for they are all meer Clowns, and made no Signs atallof giving Thanks to the Donors, or acknowledging ®ir Kindnefs. Not long after one of their great Boats; which they nil Lancea, much like the Gondoles of Venice, came 15 Savages aboard the Holland, vyho brought "®s, Shee|r, Hens, Rice and fruits : and the Dutch Wt almoft the wjsole Cargo. I 4 AIL 7 "he Firfi Voyage of the Dutch All this wjiile the Ship M.wricc and the Pinnace continu’d their Voyage to Madagafcar, and arriv’d at the Ifland of Sta. Maria in a Gulph furrounded with Hills, and Rocks, and two little Iflands, one of which was fow’d'With Rice, and the other was full of Wood, Sailing along near the Coaft, they law many Houfes among the Trees upon the Shoar, but no Men. A little while after they difcover’d a River, and a Boat with People in it, and fome others a-lhoar. Two Dutchmen landed immediately to fpeak with them,,and fawin the Boat five Men who would not come a-lhoar, whatever Signs and Noife they made to them. Upon which the two Men went back to their Boat, thinking the Savages would the fooner permit the Seamen to come to them ; and they were notmiftaken: for’ a little while after the Blacks alfembl’d toge¬ ther, and invited the Dutch to come a-lhoar; but it be-' ing too late, they put it off till the next day, (bowing •themfome R ajfados , which they did not fell; becaufe 1 the Savages had brought nothing with them togivcin Exchange. The Men had four long Javelins adorn'd with.Silver Points; and the Women were cloath’d in fine ftrip’d Linnen Cloth, having a Gown and Pet¬ ticoat that reach’d to the Calf of the Leg. The Men hadno-CIoaths, but what was woven very finely vrith ■Herbs, and painted of feveral Colours. Each of them carry’d a Reed with Salt Water in ir. They were very ftrorig and tall, but fo jealous of their Wives, that fome Dutchmen having met with Women in a Village, who made them welcome, the Men turn’d all the Women out of the Village, and would not permit their Return till the Dutchmen had left the Country, - Here Men and Women go all bare-foot and bare¬ headed. Their Houfes, which are very low , are built of Wood, and cover’d with the Leaves of Banana and Rice Straw. They make ufe of little Javelins made of a very hard Wood , which are n or 13 Fool long, and about an Inch thick. They have alio Wooden Bucklers,' which cover the whole Body when they ftoop down. The Ifland is about 15 mau Leagues long from North to South ’Tis very pleafant, full of fine green Trees, Hilly, and divider into two Iflands. Tis broadeft at the North-Eal to the Eaft-Indies. 121 end, being extraordinary fertile in Rice, and all o- ther Provifions. The Inhabitants are Safres or Pa- though Circumcis’d. The Dutch ftay’d fo lhort a time there, that they could not truly inform themfdves of their manner of living. Next day 25 Savages came in a Boat on board theShip Maurice, and brought Hens, Rice, Eggs, Le¬ mons, Bananas, and fmall Beans. The Dutch gave them in exchange little Looking-glafles, Beads, and other fmall trinkets, And then lix other Boats came with other Provifions. In the Afternoon the King came from the high Country in a Lanciare , or Galiot .with eight Row¬ ers, and 25 of his Nobles. The Galiot rowed in great Order and Silence; and the King attended with one Man only, came on board the. Pinnace, where he fat upon a Carpet. The Dutch conducted him about the Pinnace, and he extreamly admired her; they prefented him with Looking-glaffes, Ear- Rings, Beads, and other pretty Merchandize, and then he returned into his Galiot. He wore fine ftriped Callico tied about his Mid¬ dle, and reaching to the Ground, a Cap like a Mi¬ ter upon his Head, on each fide of his Gown hung two Horns very finely wrought with Loops at the end. AH his Retinue fhew’d him wonderful refped, and durft not fpeak before him. He appeared to be about fifty or fixty years of Age. The Women of this Country paint their Faces with a fort of white Gum , to make them appear Handfome : And for Ornaments wear Ginger, and cer¬ tain dry’d Leaves that taft and fmell like Cloves. Thofe of St. Maria, make ufe of the fame Leaves for Ornaments. On the 18 th the Matters Mate of the Ship Maurice being dead, the Dutch bury'd him in St. Maria, in light of the Inhabitants. The Savages by figns made them underftand, that his Soul was in Heaven, which jheiv'd they had more knowledge, than the Natives a- * 0n £ the Frelh-Water River. They importuned the hatch to cut of the I.eggs of the Dead Perfon at the Rwes, but the Dutch would not do it. Then the Dutch entred the Bay to get aboard foie' frelh Water, but they could find none, nor any . . Inha-. Ill The firfi Voyage of the Dutch Inhabitants'; but having landed, they difcovered near the (hoar many Hurts very low, and at a Javelins caft one from another. By and by they faw a Man with a long Javelin, and a Buckler in bis Hand, who came out of the Hurts, and cried out with allthe noife he was able to make, upon which the Sava¬ ges came out of their Hutts, and got all together well armed.' By what the Dutch could underftand by their figns, thofe Savages were at War with the People of Mi- dagafear, and for fear of being fur'prized, had built thofe Hutts on the Sea fide, and had put Ceritinels in e- very one of them. There was alfo a Village upon a high Mountain, with Paliffadoes about it, almoit inacceflible every where, by reafon of the fteepnefi of the Mountain* except on one fide, which was fortified with triple Paliffadoes, and fo nafrow, that but one Man could pafs through it. Here the Cheque made his Refidence, and from thence came aboard the Dutch Ships with liis Wife and his Court, bringing with him feveralRe- frelhments, Which the Dutch paid for to exprefs their gratitude. On the it ft in the Morning they weighed Anchor, With a defign to fail into the Great Bay on the CoaH of Mtdagaftar : And about Evening having tackt a- bout, they thought to fail along; and behind the Sou¬ therly Point of that Land, but their Maps deceived them, for they eduld find neither Gulph nor Bay, tho delineated in theii' Map, nor any fheltef from the South* Eaft, Eaft-South-Eaft, and South-South-Eaft Winds, Which commonly blow in that Latitude. At lefigth on the 13^ they found that Great Bay, which the Portuyicfe call Anton Gil , and caft An¬ chor in ii Fathoms Water, and good Ground, two LeagufeS off the (hdaf. Here they faw feme fire lit iiie Night in the Country. Next day Landing inn, they TaW twelve Blacks in fix little Boats, the Dm fent fix of their Men id a Village not far off, bver a- gainft WhifcH Was indther, and a bigger Village wife People; With WHdfti they exchanged fmall Coinniodi' ties for Hens. Ride, Honey, Minigtte dr Com 0 fa¬ rad ife, gfde’h Ginger, Beans, arid Oranges. The B»s tirade theiti lindefftand by fignS, that they. yvouWco® tieSt day, and hring feme Cattle with them. to the Eaft-Indies. fz} The Sloop belonging to the Ship Amfterdarii tow¬ ing to another Village, landed. there, and found it well inhabited. Thetr King was richly cloathed, and an Indian Buckler bordered With Gold was carryed behind him. On the 24th about Sun-rifing, the Pinnace came again to the other Ships, and the Crew acquainted them that they had found out 4 River of frefh Water, and a good fpacious Road ar the bdcR of an ftfand about two Leagues in Circumference, which lay high; and that in the middle of the Bay, there w6fefour other little Iflands. The whole Fleet carte to an Anchor behind that IHand, arid the next day fome Seamen going on (hoar, went to a Village, where they faW'a. great Houfe, which they took for a Guard-Houfe, be- caufe they faw two Drums hanging up in’ it. Here they bought fome Honey, and a frtall Ox. The i6tb in the Morning, the botch faW 1 5 great Cmmi or Boats coming down the River, one of which came on board the Maurice. The Savages de- Cred the Dutch to fend one of their Men with thenh, and they should leave three of theirs for Hoftages. They agreed to the Propofal, add gave their Man fome fmall Wares to prefent to the Savages. In' the mean time they entertained the Hoftages very Well on board, who were fo well pleafed With the Wine, that they could not forbear drinking. At the fame' tirte the Diltch fent forte other Men a-ihoar, who found very good frefli Water, and in a very convenient Place. The Illand produces Rice in abundance, betides Lemons, Citrtms and Binaries. The Seamen advancing further, faw tzor 15 Houfesthat were Inhabited, and going thither, friet With a great E of Binaries. Near that place they faw two uf a Man, between two pieces of Wood, Which Were the Hands of a Black that had ftole fome Ba¬ ms, Whofe Body lay above ground hot being al¬ lowed a Burial. About Evening the Man who Went with the Blacks carte back again, and the Ho¬ mages were fent' horte with Ptfeftnts. He had been ''ery well entertained with Fowls; and Hens rdafted, - ** boil’d with Rich, and brought With him an Ape, 5# tfie King had prbfentcd hlrti with. The The Firfi Voyage of the Dutch The 27 tb they fent three Boats a-flioar, two to- wards the Village of Spukembourg lying Weft ward, and the third to the Village of St. Angelo, lying Ealhvard, and fortified with Paliifadoes. The two had very good trading, becaufe the King and his Attendance were all Drunk. They prefenred the Dutch with a very pleafant Liquor, made of Honey and Rice, of which they drunk very heartily in an Oxe’s Horn. The Village contained about 200 Houfes, which wereve- ry populous. Twenty Men kept Watch in a Guard- Houfe, with round Shields and long Javelins, having a white mark, upon their Breafts to diftinguifh them. There was alfo an Inn in the Town, where the Dud drunk with the Inhabitants till they were all drunk. When they enter’d into the Village, the King camt to meet them, and received them with Songs and beating of Drums, which they beat on both fides at once ; the upper fide with a .Dru'm-ftick, and the un¬ der fide with the palm of their Hand. When the Pot out of which they drunk was empty, they began to knock one another over the Head with it, and parted very drunk. The King entertained his Guelts with boiled Rice very well cooked, and inftead of Spoons, they made ufe of great Leaves cut for that purpofc. In their return, they faw little Houfes like Guard- Houles, which indeed were Caves, wherein theGran- ' dees were buried, and hard by there were Wells, and Hams to drink in. The Tombs were cover’d with little Mats. The Bodies were firft put into hewn Trees, and there laid in a Grave, cover’d with ano¬ ther hewn Tree. They took up a cover of one fide, and faw the Bones of a dead Corps, and while the . Dutch were confidering the Tomb, the King of St. Angelo came and defired them not to touch any thing in thofe Caves, becaufe they were the Burial-place 0 their Plmlo's or Chiefs. • t Next day the Dutch went again to St. Angelo, wucri they bought 700 weight of fine Rice, and a goodPro vifion of Hens. They gave the Inhabitants feme Sad to drink, who are greater lovers of Wine, than an] other Nation in the World. The day following they went in three Companies « 'the three Villages, where they bought 1200 weigh!? Rice, and would have bought more, if the Inhabt 1 to the Eaft-Indies. izj ants had not fet a ftrong Guard of 30 Men upon it. Here they gave only fome glafs Wares of little or to value for the Rice, every Savage brought about a pound of Rice in a little Basket, and fold it for five or fix red or blew glafs Beads, but they were fondeft of the blew ones. The People of this Country were of the fame fha'pe with thofe of S anti a Maria, having the fame. Habit, and the fame way of Living. Their Houles Hand upon Stakes,four or five Foot high from the Ground, to preferve them from Venemous Infedts, which fwarm in that Country. Here is alfo a great deal of Rock- Chryftal, which is very hard, and feveral other Curio- lities. The Sea cafts in upon the fhoar both white and red Coral. The 30 and 3 \fl the Dutch bought more Rice, and other Provifions, which frefh Aliment fo perfedly cu¬ red them of the Scurvy, that they recovered, and con¬ tinued in a good Rate of Health. Fsk the 1 (l. 1598, they went once more into every Village to buy Rice ; buc the Phulo of the fecond Vil¬ lage had exprelly forbid the felling of any more. He was clothed with fine Linnen Cloth, and had a Cap upon his Head nearly Woven of green Herbs. The Dutch thought that this Prohibition was made becaufe the Rice was not yet cut down in the Fields, and there having been a great deal of Rain, itmightmake it fcarcer and dearer; however they bought a- little, and likewife cheapned ten or twelve Oxen, but could • nor agree upon the price of them. The zd they bought a great quantity of Rice, and fome Goats, and then refolved to fail as next Day; But about Midnight there was fo terrible a Storm bom the South, that they were very much afraid , left the Holland and Maurice fhould fall foul upon one ano¬ ther, and run on fhoar; but by Providence they were preferved. And about Evening the Weather grew calm E but the two Ships loft their two Boats in the , which the Savages drewa-fhoar. The 5 th fome of the Seamen landed to redeem the two Boats, but found the Mouth of the River as broad a gain; as it was before, by an extraordinary Currenr. Jhe tombs they had formerly Teen, were then under water. This The firfi Voyage of the Dutch This great Flood hinder’d them from rowing up the River, ana forced them to drajy.their Boat along with Ropes. The Savages of SfpkembciiYg Were a great help .to them, and tojd them that thofe of St. Ang c io, had already taken their Boats to pieces. Being arrived at St. Angelo, they demanded their Boats of the Inhabitants, who told them, they were funk in the Storm. The Dutch knew well enough.they tpld them h lye, .and .therefore fent Five Men to coait along the (hoar in quell of them, who found the Canons were broken up by the Savages, and all the Iron-Work to the v$ry Nails -taken away. The Say ages perceiving the Dutch were very an¬ gry to fee their Boats taken in pieces, got all theit Goods and Children in their Canovps, and rowed up the River. A Troop of 50 of them came down atm- ed with ropnd Shields and Javelins to hinder the Dutch from landing, and the Men having no orders to commit Hoftilities, went on board again. The whole Fleet being acquainted with what paf- fed, refolvpd in Co.uncjl to lend a Sloop from each Ship Weikarfned. with.48 Men, tp defire the Inhabi¬ tants to fell them fome Lanciar,es or Galiots, toferve them in .the ropm of ..their Boats which were loft. Approaching, near tjje (hoar, they fa.w about 60 Arm¬ ed Negroes, Dancing, Jumping, and Infulting them by their Failures. Thofe of $,paly>»l>i>urg helped r.b e.Dutch todrawthe Sloops along, jaut .the Inhabitants of SuAngclo crying our to. them, they farfo.ok the Dutch, and ran away, However the Dutch -flopping at the Tombs, faw 48 fine Oxen, but hecaute the People.af Spakenh'tirg had treated thetfl.civilly,, they would not.carry themoff. Then they went u.p .to $1. Aitgelo, where the Blacks preparing go fight them, (dipt ..the points .of their Dag¬ gers, (n the Water,. put. them in their Mouth, andlet; Wgtqr idtop Aown, figuifying to die Dutch, that they would -dip the fame.points.in their.Blood. Afo which tky threiw. ftones that fell upon them Ss thick as Hdih .This. v pxoceeding obliged the Dutch tocqme to-an Anchor, and (hoot at them,..but more to ./right than go. hurt them. .But they .Hill continued throwing (tones,,thinking their Bucklers .we.re.Musket proof, till at length they faw three or four of them- were fhot dead. upon T9 the EaftJndies. 12.7 O oon which they remov’d their dead Men, and retir’d behind the Houfes. Not long after three or four of them came and defir’d fa Dutch to forbear all Hoftilities, and they would bring themfome Cattle ; but being in a Paflion, they could r,o: underftand what they faid, and therefore continu'd to fire which made ’em all run away. As foon as the Savages were out of fight, the Dutch row’d to the Shoar; and half of them wept, to the Villages to fee if iome of the Blacks had not hid rhcmfelyeS there ; hut found only a little Girl about a Year old, whom .they took, and plunder’d the Village. In the mean time the whole Village was fet on :fire: Some fay it happen’d by chance, and no one knew who did it ; but others fay it was done by Order of the Council. The Houfes being all made of dry Timber, cover’d with Straw, and the Wind blowing hard ; the Fire rag’d fo violently, that the Dutch had "much ado to fave rbemfelves. This Accident burnt a great Quantity of Rice, which was unthrelht, with Fruits, Hens, &c. The Dutch took away nothing but two Drums, ,a Shield, a little Boat, a Kid, fo.me Bottles of Straw, and feme Hens, which they could have bought for a Pita of Eight. Ac their Departure they laid the Child upon the Shoar, and the Blacks came and rook her up when their Enemies were gone ; and .iav’4 feme few Houfes from the Fire. They were ip all about 130 Inhabitants, four of which were found dead in a Wood. The Dutch retiring to to their Sloops, went again by the Buryiog-place, where they met a great Company of the Natives of Spakembomg, who- arefs’d them, and laugh’d at what had happen’d to the others. Daring this Expedition at St. Angelo, five or fix “licks with their Chiefs came in a Canpw on hoard ^ Umice, and brought feme Chtonsj but’ the Sail¬ ers hearing a Shooting, -made them all Prifoners ; of which they made great Comglainrs. But when they w the Fire, the Phulp or Chief pour’d a Can full of «ter upon his Head to let them know he was innocent °t what was a&ing on (hoar. The Seamen who were a-ihoar being oorne aboard, H tie .Ship.Mtwice feeing them all jafe, they re-- leas’d The Firji Voyage of the Dutch leas’d the Prifoners, and conduced them a-doar, Men, Women, and Children ran to the Shoar to kifs the P holds Feet, who lent for Citrons and prefenred them to the Dutch , who had accompany’d him a-llioar, Ihowing them a? great RefpeCt, and giving them' Thanks for his Releafemenr. Not long after many of the Inhabitants of the Ifland came to the. Sea-flde and threatned the Dutchmen in the Pinnace with their Lances and Shields, but could do them no harm. On the 9 th the Dutchmen landed with the Sloop belonging to the Lyon to fetch frelh Water. The Pbulo came on board, and brought with him fome Hens, Rice; and Fruits, to exprefs his Gratitude, and they parted good Friends. A little while after they fent two other Cunotts, and one Sloop with 46 Men, who being come to the Tombs, five or fix Blacks of Spakembottrg invited them to vifit their 1 ‘hu- los. Upon this Invitation they fent three Men into the 'Village, where they found the Phulo with fix arm’d Men, who ran away when they faw the Dutch coming to'them. ■ However, fome of them came back to the Village without Arms, and fold them Rice; but would not luflfer the Dutch to approach too near them. ■ The Dutch having treated them very civilly, row’d afterwards towards St. Angela to fetch a Lmcim or great Boat, which they could not bring with them while the Fire lafted ; but lhe was gone, and they could find no body in the Village. Then they went by Water to the other End towards the North, where they met with a great many Savages arm’d, and a great Town compos’d of a great many Villages, who had all their refpeiftive Phulo' s. The Savages fent one of their Number to the Dutch to defire them to retire, promifing upon that condition to bring them fome Cattle. Upon which the Dutch call Anchor on the other fide the River,- whither the Blacks brought an Ox and an He-Goat, telling them they had no more there; for that they had lately remov’d and tranfported their Cattle further off. The Dutch gave them fome Trifles made of Giafs, though the Savages would not take them at hilt, faying they defir’d them to accept iheir lmall Prclcnt to the Eafl-Indles. y i Teftimony of their good Wills, and to retire. The Dutch gave each Man a Cup of Wine, which they love dearly ; and the Phulo himfelf, though frighted at came and drunk fome, and immediately retir’d to ge himfelf behind the Houfes. The loth a C,mow of Spr.kemhourg coming oh board the Ship Maurice, the Savages defir’d the butch to fend feme body on fhoar , becaule the Phulo would . pre- fiat them with fome Cattle. But feeing it was pretty be, they thought it unfafe to go ac that time for fear of inAmbufh. On the lith they went to the Tombs to fee if what the Natives told them the Evening before, was me. Here they found fome Blacks; and the Watch, who would have perfwaded them to vvalk into the Town; but the Dutch not daring to trull them, took, be of them for Hoftages; and theri fent two of their own Men to the Town, who came back pre- fently, and faid they might go freely and without Danger. Here they found nothing but a little Ox; for all the Inhabitants were run away. Then they item to the Town that lay more Northerly, the In¬ habitants of which brought them an Ox, and fold it for four Ells of Linnen-Clorh , and fome Glafs Jeads. All the Ships weigh’d Anchor on the iztb, and got out of the Bay, where they rode at Anchor un- dtrthe'above-mention’d little Ifland, that was inhabi¬ ts by four or five different forts of People ; who' bought them Bananes, Hony, Hens, and other kinds ofRelrdlimcnts almoft every Day : and where they bd took in fre/h Water which was extraordinary, good. When they got to the End of that Bay , on the ™th fide, about two Leagues from the Shoar, two We Canons came on board the Fleet, and brought "itbthem Sugar CarieS arid Rice ; for which the W gave ’em fome t^ajfados iri Exchange. The fete invited then* to come a-ihoar; b'ric they con- hnu’dtheirCoarfe. . . , . , r , This great Bay of Aritmi Gil liei iri the Latitude •[ >6 Pegr. and a half, and reaches teri Leagues ffrirri feth-North-Wefl to South-Soritfcf'eft, It has, ai faid before ate'rf fitpi grid. fmiM Ifia’rif, Which n ■ m fjo The Firjl Voyage of the Dutch lies very high. On the Borders of the Coaft on the North-Eaft- Side, are feme Rocks, and three little I- flands; and then you pafs into a River that has feveral Villages' on both fides. Half way from the frelh Water Place in the Bay on the North fide, you find three Villages Or Boroughs well inhabited, and feveral other Villages, which bring you to the fight of another River on the North fide ; and then you find the great River: a- long which the Dittcb bought a great Quantity of Rice. This River hath two Branches, one extending to the North, and the other to the Weft, with an I- (land in the middle. S. Angelo lies on the North fide of it. On the left-hand of the River is the populous Vil¬ lage of Spakenihourg, abounding with all forts of Pro- vifions. To the Weft-South-Weft Quarter of the I- fland is another River With a Village on the Shoar, which is all the Dutch could difcover in this I- fland. The inhabitants are black; but their Hair is not fo Bulhy, nor their Lips or Nofes of the fame Form as thofe of true Blackamoors. They are ftrong and vigorous: They love to drink exceedingly, and will make themfelves drunk as Swine with a Liquor made of Rice and Hony, though it is unlawful to drink it but at certain times, Their Houfliuld-Stuff is very mean, and of no value. They make ufe of a long Bped flopp’d at the Top, itiftead of a Cup or other Veflel to drink in. They fit and lie upon Mats well wrought, and of feveral Colours, and have little Seats under their Heads for Pillows. They beat or threlh their Rice in a Wooden Mortar, and every one is furnilh’d with a Sieve to lift it, a Pot to boil it in, Bags to put it in, and Gourds to ferve it up to eat. The Pkulo or King, wears Copper Bracelets; for which Commodity they would have given any thing : but the Dutch had none. He Wears alfo a Necklace made of Imall Beads, and always carries a Hatchet in his Hand in- ftead of a Scepter. His Subje&s go all naked, having only a piece of Cloth made of the Bark of Trees, about their Middles, and are always very dutiful to him. Their to the Haft-Indies. i$K Their Women wear a fort of a Gowh woven of the Barks of Trees, which reaches down to their Knees. Some have Petticoats of the fame Cloth. Their Nets are made of the fame Baric. For Orna- ment they wear Pewter or Silver Bracelets, much like the Copper ones they wear in Guinea. Their Women plant, low and cut Rice and Beans, and cultivate Ba- nmes , which are their belt and moft common Food ; for they feldom feed on Flefli, and they eat their Fifh and Milk, with the Fruit and Berries of Ba- n.tnes. They have line and large Oxen, which they e- fteem fo much, thac fome think they worlhip them as the Canarint and the Malabares do in the Indies. They have abundance of Kids, but few Sheep or Dogs, and plenty of Fowls, fuch as Hens, Ducks, . {&, and other forts of Birds, which the Dutch did not happen to fee. This Country affords great ftore of Oranges, Ci¬ trons, Lemons, Ginger , and a fort of Corn call’d Manigettc ; as all'o a fore of Root much like Ginger on the Outfide, and yellow wirhin, call'd Clincher in the Malufun Language ; Habet in Arabick., and Cajfrati in las Indias by the Portuguese, being full of Juice, but very (harp. Its Flowers are ltke thole of white Lilies, and the Root isPhylical, There is a great deal of it at Java, and other Parts of the Indies. The Dutch feeing they could drive no Trade with the Inhabitants, becaufe they both miftrufted and fear’d them, puc to Sea again Feb. 11. 1596. as we faid before* and fail’d with a fair Gale at Weft-North-Weft, and South-Weft, till March 23. That Day the Wind chang’d to the Eaft, chopping fometimes to the North, 1 and fometimes more to the South. Here they encoun-. ter’d rapid Currents which came from the Souch-Eaft of Java, and did them much Injury. The calm Weather alfo incommoded them ; infomuch that they refolv’d to fleer their courfe to the moft Southerly I- Hands call’d Maldives. ‘ Thofe Iflands call’d Maldives of Maldivar, lie juft oppofite to the Coaft of Comarin and Malabar, and ' ihoot out into the Sea about 140 German Leagues to the ‘ South of Cape Comarin. The common Opinion is* ‘that they are above a Thouiand in Number ; for' JK % ‘if# The firjl Voyage of the Dutch * it’s impoflible to number them all exa&ly. Some are ‘ Peopl’d and fertil; others are Defarts and uninha- ‘ bited. In general, they lie very low as well as ‘ Cochin, Craganut, and other Parts of the Continent; ‘ and for that Reafon are expos’d to be overflow’d by the ‘Sea. ‘ The Inhabitants of Malabar fay thofe Iflands were ‘ formerly joyn’d to the Continent of India ; and ‘ that they were fe pa rated by the Inundations of the ‘ Sea: But that which makes them fo numerous, is ‘ the Multitude of Canals that divide them; which are ‘ fo narrow, that the Sprit-fails of the Ships (trike ‘ the Leaves off the Trees hvhich are planted on both ‘ fides: And in fome Places a nimble Man may leap in- ‘ to an Ifland from the Top of a Bough that grows in ‘another. ‘In thofe Iflands Provifionsare very fcarce ; but they ‘ have great Plenty of Coco-Trees, which alone fupply 4 them with what is ncceflary for Life, as you will find ‘hereafter, when we come to give a Defcription of that * Tree. ‘ They make Cloth and Stuffs of the Lint and Silk * that’s imported to them, and of thefe make long Gar- * ments, or very fine Night-Gowns ; for they are ‘ much better, and more decently drefs’d than other ‘ Indians. * They fi(h with Nets made of the Branches of Palm- . ‘ Trees, and find a fort of fmall'S'nells that are bright, * and of feveral Colours, which in fome Places pafs for ‘ Pieces of Money. ‘ The principal Ifland is call’d Maldivc, where there * Hands a City of the fame Name, which is well frequen- ‘ ted for Trade, and being the Refidence of the King, ‘ gives Name to all the Iflands. ‘ In this Courfc you may lee at any Seafon of the ‘Year a World of Birds, particularly Gref Cdk ‘ call’d by the Portuguese, Garains [tibas Furcadas, i.e ‘ BUcl{-Birds[potted like Magpies ; with a long Tail * fplit like a Pair of Taylors Shears; another fort oi ‘Birds that are all white like Pigeons, with alotj ‘ Tail, but few Feathers in it j and others which are * much like Ducks fpotted all over. *33 to the Eaft-Indies. All thefe Birds feed in the Salt Water, in which there is a fort of a flying Fi(h about the Bignefs of an Herring, having two Finns, and fome of them four, refembling Wings; which, when they are purfu'd by great Filh, rife or fly out of the Water to fave thcmfelves , but cannot fly long : for as foon as their Wings are dry, they fall into the Sea, and are de¬ vour'd by the great Filh. Befides that Danger, which is almoft unavoidable, they are expos’d to be catch'd in the Air by the Fowl: fome of them being clofely purfu’d in both Elements by their Ene¬ mies, fled to the Ships, where they found no better Quarter; for the Seamen eat them as very dainty Food. The Cobbi perch’d upon the Malts of the Ships, and were fo tame, that they were not fright¬ ed when the Seamen took them. Thefe Seas are frequented by Bonitoes or good Fillies, which are wholfome Food, though the Flelh is dry : They are of the fame Figure and Bignefs as Carps, but fomewhat thicker. They fwim in Shoals dole together, and always follow the Ships. Thefe al- fo devour a great Quantity of the flying Filh, which you find many times undigefted in their Bellies.. The Atbocores (another Filh in this Sea ) are fo call’d be- caufe they have no Scales, their Skins being fmooth and white under the Belly , which renders them vilible under the Water. They are made like Bonitoes; only they are fomewhat bigger: Some are five Foot long, and as thick as a Man, ; and one of this fort made a good Meal for 6 o Seamen. They are a lean fort of Filh, and have but one Bone ftom the Tail to the Head. The DoiWw ("another fort of Fifh in the fame Seas) were fo nam’d by the Portuguese , becaufe they appear yellow in the Water, and fometimes ihine like -Gold. The Englifh call them Dolphins. They are in Figure and Shape like a Salmon. There is no Salt or Frelh- Water Fifh of a better Relifh. They have fmall Scales, and the Back, from the Head to the Tail, is beautiful, and bridl'd (as ’twere) with fmall Finns. The brown Filh, which the Portuguese call Tonnins, are a kind of Sea-Hogs , and are of two forts: fome have (harp Snouts like a Hog ; others flat, having a kind of a Cowl over iheir Heads, and therefore iome £ 3 call The Firft Voyage of the Dutch • call them Sea-Fry an. They are commonly five or fix Foot in length, the Tail being fplit and very broad. Their Skin is very fm'ooth, and their Infides juft like Sea-Hogs, as to their Lard, Fletfi, Liver, (Sc. for they eat the fame Food. The Seamen having open’d one of them, found in her a young Sea-Hog as bigas a Land Pig. They always fwim in great Shoals; and when the Sea begins to fwell, they come to the Ships infuch great Multitudes, that they make the Water look green, and fnoar and grunt like Hogs; which would be a pleafant Enter¬ tainment enough if their Approach were not a certain Prognoftick ofan enfuing Storm. The Sea-Dogs call’d by the Portuguese, Ttiborons, ap¬ pear commonly in calm Weather. They Iwim very flowly, and have a fmooth Skin. They are always attended by 7 or 8 little Fifh call’d Leeches, about the Bignefs of a Herring, or fomething lefs, which have j a flat and wrinkl’d Head, by which they are glu’d, as ! ’twere to the Sea-Dog, till he catches fome Prey, and then they come off and lhare with him. They enter the Bodies of the Sea-Dogs by the Mouth, and go out again without hurting them. When the Seamen are oblig’d to fwim, they take great care to avoid Sea- Dogs ; for many times they dragg ’em to the Bottom of the Sea. They are not very good to eat, having an un- favoury Tafte. The Fifh which the Portuguese call Pifceporco , is a- bout the Bignefs of a Bream, and grunts like a Hog. In fleering this Courfe, we likewile met with abun¬ dance of T ortoifes, moft of which fleep fwimming: They are very Excellent Food, and tafte like Veal. When the Sun hath heated the Shell upon their Back, they turn; and then the Seamen approach them foftiy, and fatten a Hook betwixt the two Shells, and (0 t?ke them. The Lamies fwim in Shoals like the Tonnins, and are a little lefs than Whales, but have not a Hole over their Head like them to blow out the Water. While the Dutch were failing to the Iflands of Mal¬ dives, the Quarter-Matters complain’d that there was but little Water left. Therefore it wasrefolv’d that each Man (hould have only a Pint of Water a Day, which was but a Ihort Allowance at that Seafon; for it was then Mi) to the EafWndies. May, and exceeding hot. Some of the Seamen were fo thirfty, that they offer’d a Piece of Eight for a Glafs of Water, but cou’d not get it. Jttnj&y i, 1596. they were over-joy’d to fee Land, became they were in hopes of finding frefh Water. Being near the Shoar, they faw an Iflar.d lying be¬ fore the Streight of Sunda in the Latitude of 50 Deg. and a half: by computing the time of their failing, they thought it was the Ifland Pagniatan, call’d by the Portuguese, Dengano, and lying id Leagues oh this fide of the great Ifland of Sumatra. Here one at three Leagues diftance might fmell the fweet and ftrong Q- dours of the Spices tfyat grow in that Ifland. Under the fame Ifland on the 6th they faw fix or fe- ven Ganows, which were afraid to come near the Ships. The Dutch mann’d a Sloop to go and fpeak with them: But as foon as the Men law her rowing towards them, they fled into the Ifland and left their Canows afhoar, Thefe little Boats are long, but fcarce a Foot broad. They have two long Pieces of Timber on each fide, which make them broader at the Top, and eafier to tack about. None of the Men would fpeak with the Dutch , but made Signs to them to come a-lhoar. Bpt the Seamen being unprovided of Arms, did not think fit to land or truft them. They were 23 in Number, well arm’d with Bows and and Arrows, very tall, and of a yellowilh Comple¬ tion like the Brafilians. They had long Hair hanging down upon their Shoulders, which fomc fay is asftreighc as a SticK. _ They were quite naked, and indeed the Dutch had fcen no fuch Savages in their Voyage. On the i if/; .they came under the Ifland of Sumatra, before the Streight of Sunda, where they faw an in¬ finite Number of Iflands. They caft Anchor un¬ der an Ifland that was very long ; and landing the next Day, found ft Def^rt, Woody, and without Water. Here they, faw firft three Sail, and then nine, com¬ ing from the high Coaft of Sumatra, who were the firft they had feen to the Eaftward of the Cage of Good Hope. They fent out a little Boat to them, who com¬ ing on board thofe Veffels, found they were mann’d With 16 Men a-piece, 7 of which row’d, the reft be- ' r K4 ing * 1 $ The Firfi Vlya^e of the Dutch jng plac’d under a lhed, and doath’d with fine Calli~ co of feveral colours, from their Middles downwards, fo as to leave their upper parts naked. Somcpf them had about their Heads pieces of Cloth, rolled 'like ‘Turbans. The Dutch could not underftand their Language, They mention’d Bantam and Japparc, and Sunda Ca- lappa ; but the Dutch having never heard fo much as the name of Sunda CaJappa before, could not under¬ hand what they Laid of it. However the Indians fiiew’d them Sumatra, and made them figns they would there find much good Merchandize. Therefore they lent the Pinnace with 16 Men, June the zift towards the high Coaft, where they found fome Villages, the biggelt whereof was named Dampin. A Sloop was alfo fent towards that part of Suma¬ tra , from whence they faw the Veffels come out, and go in again; for it feems they took them to be Pirates, that were cruizing to take the Ships that went from Manancaho to Bantam. The Sloop caft the Grap- ling-Hook or little Anchor near an Ifland, hard by two other little Iflands, from whence they heard Menfpeak, but could fee none. Next day they faw four Veflfels at Anchor, and three other failing together, and again three more in Company. When they faw the Sloop failing towards them, they kept clofe together. The Sloop made up to them, and ask’d them where they might find frelh Water, who directed them to a place. The Duto: fearing and miftrufting them, went aboard their little Boats, where the Indians lliew’d them feveral Curioli- ties; among others a fine guilded Poignard, which they call Cm, and a Gold Ring fee with a Diamond of little value, which was but (mail, and ill cut. The Sloops Crew came on board the Pinnace, whi¬ ther the Indians followed them in their Canow. The Dutch bought fome Filh, Rice, Water-Melons, Sugar- Canes, Coco, Garlick, Onions, and other Fruits o' -.them ; and gave them in exchange glafs Wares of all Colours. And afterwards they went together to S/w- In this Courfc they met three or four Canons wi:!i Men onboard them, who lookt like confiderablePct- fons, being cloathed in fine and rich Linnen Cloth of 1 • ' 1 ■ • - - Sky to the Eaft-Indies. Sky colour, and attended by Interpreters. They Were fo complaifant, as to croft a Canal of fair Water with theDtff^to fhew them a place of fteih Water. And they came together to a Village of about twenty Houfes, neatly built of Palm-Tree Timber ; which was the firft place that afforded them the opportunity of feeing the Pepper Plant, which rifes up upon thick and high Reeds like Hops; and at which they bought as much Pepper as the Indians would fell them. They alfo bought fome Cloves and Nutmegs, Ci¬ trons, Pumpkins, and Palin Wine ; but could procure no Flelh. In ,this plate the Women wear very large Bracelets, and a kind of Petticoats made of Callico from the Waft downwards, with a piece of Cloth to cover their Breafts. Part of their Hair hangs down their Shoulders, and the reft is tied up in Treffes. After this four Canons came on board the Pinnace, and brought Hens, Rice, Pepper, and Caxias to fell. In the mean time a Gun went off by accident, which fo feared the Indians , that they took their Shields, haled a little brafs Patercroe on Ihoar, and threatned the Dutch with their Arms, thinking they had commit¬ ted an Ad of Hoftility. The Seamen belonging to the Sloop rovved to the fhoar, but fome Indians that were on board the Canon, got thither before them, and hinder’d the Dutch from coming near it. To prevent the ill Confequences, and bad Opinion they might have of them, the Dutch went on board their Ship again, where they found the Aimadis wait¬ ing for the payment of twelve pieces of Eight for . Caxias, which the Dutch had bought of them. Thefe Caxias are a kind of Mony of worle allay than Lead, of which they firing loo together, and call it Vna Santa dc Caxias, or Caxas. The 14 th the Crew of the Lion met with a little Pirogue or Indian Boat, and by figns perfwaded her to go on board the Maurice. Accordingly one of the Indians went on board , and offered the Dutch to guide them to Bantam, on condition that each Ship fhould give him five pieces of Eight. fane the 17th being under fail, a Pirogue of Suma¬ tra came on board the Maurice which belonged to the Pilot, who was aboard the Ship. She had fourteen T^en : in her, two of which came on board, and pay’d ' their The Firjl Voyage of the Dutch rheir refpe&s to the Samanar or Pilot, holding his left foot in their Hands, and gcntiy ftroaking his Leg up to the Knee; after which they ftroak’d him from the lower part of his Face, to the Crown of his Head. The iBtb theyfaw a great flight: of Birds, which were as big as Ravens, but more like Bats; for they had no Feathers. They do a great deal of harm to the Trees and Herbs, and oblige the Country People to watch all Night upon the top of the Trees, tho’ all their caution is not fufficient to keep off fuch mifchie- vous Birds. The Indians eat them, and fay they are as I good as Partridges. The fame day two other Pirogues came on board the Maurice, in one of which was a very grave Indian, doathed with fine Callico ftrip’d with Gold’. The other Indians proffer’d fome Betela , Arecea, and Cora to fell, and the Dutch bought it all, giving them Lin- nen Cloth for it; but the Indians ftole a Shirt, and fome pieces of Lfenen Cloth. Here it will not be improper to defcribe the Trees and Fruits which the Dutch faw at Sumatra, The Indian Palm-Tree which grows cyery where in the Indies, is of four kinds. The fi;ft js that which produ- ceth Coco, the nioft ufeful Tree in tb,e World, ft grows very high and ftrait, and has no Branches, but in the top, which fpreads out like the Tale-tree. The Fruit grows very low juft by the Trunk, in clutters often, or twelve together. Its Flowers are like thofe of the Chcfnut-Tree : It never thrives but near the Water fide, or in fandy places. It hath fo little Root, that one would admire how it can ftand fo fall in the Ground, and yet it is fo firm, and to high, that’tis a furprifal to fee a Man at the rop of it. The Canarins o,r Peafants make notches like ftep?,of Ladders upon the Tree, and then climb fo fail rp the top, that no Monkeys can hardly be nimbler. ;Thefe X rce s areas common in Sumatra, as Olive- Trees in Spain, and Willows in Holland. It? Wood though very fpungy, is good for many things, particu¬ larly by reafo.n of its taflnefs. They build'whole Ship of ir, without any Irtjn-work; for the Wood is joyn- ed and tyed with .Cords made of iCcco-Jhells, and d e Sadi 13 9 to the Eaft-Tndies. Sails are made of the Leaves ; with, the fame Leaves they cover their Houfes, and like wife make their Um- brellos, Mats, Tents, and fine Hats, which arc ve¬ ry proper for the Summer, by reafon of their light- nefs. The Natives Plant abundance of thefe Trees for . two reafons. Firft for the fake of the Nuts, and Se¬ condly, to make Wine out of it. The Nuts are as big as Oftrich Eggs, covered with a green Ihell, while the Fruit is on the Tree, but when the Fruit is ga¬ thered and dry, the fiiell peels off like Flax, of which they make their Cairo, that is, all manner of Cables and Ropes for the ufe of Ships; they likewife caulk their Ships with it, in ftead of Tow and Moffe. When the Fruit begins to be ripe, its full of a ve¬ ry clear Water, which is fweet and cooling, and ve¬ ry pleafant to drink. Each Lanbo , which is an un¬ ripe Coco , contains above half a Pint of this Water, which turns by degrees into fmall white Grains or Kernels, of the'fame tafte with-fmall Nuts,- but much fiveeter. The inward Pill under the Ihell, and which in time grows as hard as Wood, is good to eat with a little Salt, and is of an extraordinary pleafant taft, when it is thin and tender; but when its grown quite hard, they make Spoons, Cups, and other Utenfils of it. The Smiths alio burn it for Coals, and make a ve¬ ry hot fire with it. The Indians beat the Kernel or little white Grains inaMortar, of which they make a fore of Milk, which they boil with Rice and other Ingredients, bur, the S r People and Slaves eat them raw. They alfc great quantities of them to tranfport into foreign Countries, and make an Oyl of ir, which is very good to eat, and to burn, and of a Phyfical ufe. While the Coco is in the Ihell, it may be tranlported into all S rts of the World, without being Ipoiled: And it netimes happens, that the water within it turns in¬ to a kind of yellow Apple, which is very healthful and pleafant. When the Indians draw VVine from the Coco Trees, and not from the Fruit, they cut off the Flowers, and find under them a round lheath which they call Coliao, and flop with Clay, fo that the Air cannot get intp ir. Some days after they open it, and ? Liquor called joy them Sura, comes out of it, which The jirfl Voyage of the Dutch is fweeter and more pleafanr to drink than Whey.' But if you let it (land in the Sun above an hour, it turns into excellent Vinegar, which is fo much e- fteem'd, that all the Indians ufe no other. Befides they diftil Ftdn, or Nyna from it, which is a fort of Bran¬ dy, as ftrong and as good as that which is bought at prancfort. They alfo make Artec a out of it, which is the In¬ dian Wine, and is ftrong enough, though they drink it like water. The Portuguefe prepare it fo well with Raifins and other Ingredients, that it is as good as any of their Portugal VVine. They alfo make the Su¬ gar, which is called Jagra, with the fame Sura , but tis not- at all valued, becaufe brown and white Sugaris plentiful enough in the Indies. The infidc of the Coco-Tree , which the Portuguefc call Palmiro, is much efteemed, and is commonly us’d as a Prefent for great and rich Men. It is as thin and white as Paper, and is naturally clofe or plaited, be¬ ing long and narrow, and having from fifty to fixty plaits, and more, like a quire of Paper. The Indians ufe it as we do Paper, writing upon it with ftyles of Iron when it is green, and then the writing can ne¬ ver be defac’d. They call it Olla, and with it write all their Books, Memorials, I3c. which they feal up as we do our Letters. j The Second fort of Palm-Trees is called by the; Portuguefc Artequero , of which we will treat here¬ after. The Third fort is the Palm-Tree that brings forth Dates, which is called Tamar , and is very common in Bar bar?, efpecially in the Ifland of Gerby, of which anon. The Fourth fort is called Latone in the Malm Language. That Tree brings forth a Fruit about the bignefs of a Cherry, of an Orange colour, having an indifferent big Kernel, of which they make a thick, wholfom, and palatable Oyl of the fame colour. They fay its the Female of the firft Palm-Tree. There is two forts of it in Guinea. We will fpeak of it when we come to the Defcription of Java. At Sumatra they faw abundance of Pananes, or Indi¬ an Figs, which (erves the Natives for a great part of their Food. Though there are fe veral forts of Figs in the India, to the EafWndies. 141 Indies, fome of which are bigger, and better than o- thers, yet almoft all of them are of the fame figure and colour. The Tree is no higher than a Man. Its Leaves are a Fathom long, and three Spans broad. The Turks make ufe of them to cover Pepper. This Tree has no Wood, and in truth ’tis rather a Shrub than a Tree, the Leaves fpread when it is half as high as a Man , and while the frelh Leaves are (hooting forth, the others dry, till the (lirub is come to its Perfection, and the Fruit is formed. The Stalk is not above a Span thick, and fo tender, that you may ea- (iiy cut it with a Knife. In the middle of the Leaves, while the Plant grows, there grows a Flower as big as an Oltrich Egg, of a Perfian colour. This Flower in time brings forth a long Bough, which is not properly Wood, but like the Stem of a Cabbage, and is full of Figs, as big at firft as large Beans. Then the Figs grow a Span long, and ' three or four Inches thick like a Cucumber. The Stamp or Bough bears about 200 Figs cling¬ ing as thick and clofe together, as a bunch of Grapes, and fo heavy, that a ftrong Man can hardly carry them. They cut them off when they are but half ripe, that is to fay, half green and half yellow ; and then hang the Bough upon a little Joyft, after which they ripen in four or five days. Each Shrub bears only one Bough, and when they cut the Bough, they alfo cut the Shrub at the Root; which foon after fprouts forth, and in a Months time grows as high as it was before, fo that it produces Figs all the year round, in incredible quantities. The Figs have Husks like the Husks of Beans, which are whitilh, on the infide foft, and as eafie to chew, as a mixture of Flower and Butter. They are very fweet, and of an excellent tafte, and are in a manner Bread and Butter. One may live upon them very well without any other Suftenance, as many of the Indi¬ ans do. The Dutch faw likewife at Sumatra , a fort of black and round Pepper, whofe Plant grows as we faid before, on a high and thick Reed, which brings forth the 'labaxir, that is fold in Perjia at its weight in Silver. But when they opened thefe Reeds, they found no Ta- baxir in them. Pepper The Firfi Voyage of the Dutch Pepper grows upon little Boughs or Sprigs ■ as Juniper-Berries do. Ir is green till it is ripe and dry, and then ’tis black. They gather it in December and January, The Pepper Leaves are like Orange-Tree Leaves, but fomwhat leffer ; they are green and lharp pointed, and apt to bite the Mouth when you cbaw them. It grows like a bunch of Grapes, though not quite fo big, orfo thick, but thicker than Strawberries. There is plenty of it in Malabar, Onor, Barfelar, Mangakr, Calecut, Cranganor, Cochin, Coulan, Queda, (which is not far from Malacca ) Pedir, Camper, Ancbagir, Dam¬ pen, and in feveral ocher places of Sumatra. Some grows alfo in the South of Bantam and Java. The Malaias call it Lada , the Javans Sahang, and the Malabres, Melanga. You find in the fame places white Pepper of the feme taft and ftrength as black Pepper. There is no difference betwixt them, but in the outward Rind, which is white and fmooth. The long Pepper grows chiefly in Bengali, though indeed there is tome in Java, the Fruit is about the length of a tag of a Point, but thicker. It is wrinck- led, and Alh-coloured, and has the fame taft with the black Pepper. The Pepper which they call the Canarins, or the Boors Pepper, becaufe none but poor People ufe it, groweth in Goa and Malabar , and is like French Wheat, but A(h-coloured, and hollow on the infide with Kernels. The Indians and other 'People of the Eaft, con- fume great quantities of Pepper, and much more ir. proportion than all the other Nations to which it is Tranfported $ for they feldom drefs any thing without throwing a handful of whole and unpounded Pepper into it. Ac Sumatra they likewife met with a Root much like Ginger, called in Latin Crocus Indicus , or Indian Saffron, and Cunhet in the Maldian Tongue. It grow- ech like Lillies, and brings forth white Lillies. It is yellow on the infide, knotty, brittle, and waterilh. When you chaw it yon cannot feel the ftrength, but a little while after it fees the Mouth all in a fire. There is . plenty of it in Madagafcar , Java, and feveral other places in the Indies. to the Eaft-Indies. * It is not vefy Important to know whether the I- ' fland which the'ancients called Taprobana, is the fame ‘as Sumatra, or that of Ceilon; fince we here only- ‘ treat of the Ifland of Sumatra : fome pretend it is the ' ‘Illand of Ofhir, where Solomon fent for Gold. ‘ Sumatra is fituated over againft Malacca, at the di- ‘ fiance of ten Leagues from the Continent, and fome ‘ are of opinion, that it was formerly joyned to it. ‘ And though the Curiofity of this Age hath in a man- ‘ ner left nothing unknown, yet a great many are of ‘ different opinions concerning its Extent. Some Wri- 1 ters affirm it is 700 Leagues in Circumference, and ‘100 in Breadth: Others fay, it is but J7° German . 'Leagueslong, and 60 broad. ‘ Thole that dwell in the Middle of this Ifland, are ‘ dire&ly under the Eqmnotiial Line ; fo that one half ‘reaching to the South, and the other half to the North, ‘the whole readies from the 16 Deg. of South Lati- ‘ tude, to the Latitude of five Deg. North. ‘ The Ifland is very rich in Gold, and is ftor’d ‘withSilver, Pewter, Iron, Brimftone, and feveralother ‘Mines. Here is abundance of Copper, of which they ‘ make good Guns; feveral forts of precious Stones; ‘and a Mountain of burning Brimftone, which conti- 1 nually blows out flames like Mount Gibello in Sicily ; ‘ ’tis faid it has alfo a Fountain of Balm. It abounds ‘ with Spices and Silks. ‘ But the Air is not very wholefom, efpecially for ‘ Strangers, becaufe there are fo many Rivers, ftand- ‘ ing Waters, and thick Forefts in it. There is no ' Wheat, nor any other fort of Corn that groweth in 1 Europe. But there is plenty of Rice, Millet, and Fruits, which afford a good and fufficient Nourifh- ment for the Inhabitants. It affords likewife abun¬ dance of Honey, Bees-wax, Ginger, Camphire, Caflia, Pepper, ©c. white Sanders, and efpecially Cotton, of which the Inhabitants make their Garments. ‘The Ifland of Sumatra is divided into feveral King¬ doms yet unknown, efpecially thofe that lie in the middle, The Portuguefe mention but two inland Kingdoms, namely Andragidan, and Aman, the Inha¬ bitants of which are Pagans and Men-Eaters ; thofe that inhabit the Coafts, are Mahometans. 143 ‘The 144 the firfiVoyage of the Dutch ' The Kingdom of Pedir is one of the moft noted, ‘ next to thofe of Paean, Cam-par an ana Manancabo, ‘ where they make the beft Crifes or Daggers in In- ‘ dia, which thofe of Java, and the Maldians efteuh ‘ the beft Weapons for ufe. But Aehem is now recko- * ned to be the moft confiderable Kingdom of Suma- * tra, becatife the King of that Country has not only ‘conquer’d Pedir and Lacan, but alfo all the Northern ‘ parts of the Ifland. The Portunicfe are in poffeflion of no place in Su¬ matra, and nave only the liberty of trading thither, as all other Nations have. ’Tis true, they have attempt¬ ed formerly to make fome Conquefts; and fome of tfiem to this day, receive Pay from the King of Portu¬ gal, npon the fcore of Intriguing , and endeavouring to execute that defign. But they never had any Suc- cefs. We (hall fpeak of the City of Acbem, the ca¬ pital of the Kingdom, and of the Kings Court, in George Spilberts Journal, January the 19?/;, 1596. the Dutch Ships edging near a little Town, a great many Piroqttes of Sumatra came on board them, and brought Coco-Nuts, Pep¬ per, Cloves, Nutmegs, Hens, Oranges, &c. The In¬ habitants asked the Dutch, whether they came from Goa, or from Cochin, and if they were going to Ban¬ tam. TbeDutch told them, yes, and gave them Knives in exchange for their Commodities. The Dutch continued under fail till the lid of the fame Month, and in the Streight of the Sunda, oppo- fite to Bantam Road, without advancing much farther.be- caufe of Currents and contrary Winds in that Streight; From Midnight till ten in the Morning, the Wind was ftill Eaiterly, and after that it turn'd always Wefterly, and continued fo till Flight, which made the paflage of the Streight very difficult. The 23d the Commiflionefs of each Ship affuiri’d the Title of Captains, and Cornelius Hootman was made Captain Major. Thar fame day they faw in the Bay of the Ifland of Java, a Veflel called by the Inhabi¬ tants a Jonque: She had a Fore-Maft, a Main-Mad, and a Mizzen-Maft, with a Main-Sail, and a Sprit- Sail. She look’d afar off like a Herring Fifher-Boat, • but was quite another thing in her manner of fail* ing. The to the Haft-Indies. The Sails were woven with Rufhes. The Shrouds were made of the fame Materials: The Bulk of the Ship was joyned together after the fame manner.as a Cooper joyns the head of a Cask. She Was of about 50 or 40 Tuns. The Deck was cover’d with Ru/hes, as fome Country-Mens Houfes are in Holland. When rhe Jowjucs have the Wind a ftern, they fallen the Ropes of the MlzzenSail to the Fore-Maft,and thofe of the Main Sail to the other. The Sails are fowed to the Ratingues below, and at the top at the fame diftance ; fuch a way of Rigging a Ship, is alto¬ gether new and extraordinary to an European. They faw alfo near the City of Bantam , above fix- ty little Barks, which the Inhabitants call Praos, Pratt- i«», or Pirogues. The Sails and Tackling are the fame with thofe of the Jonqucs. Thofe were Fiihermens Boats, returning back to Bantam, which made the Dutch conclude, the City was very populous. About Evening a Pirogue with fix Port'uguefe and their Slaves, came on board the Maurice. They faid they were fent by the Governor, and by the Inhabitants, who were in a ftrange Confternation at the arrival of the Dutch Ships, and asked them whence they came. The Dutchmen madeanfwer, they came from Holland to traffick peaceably with them. The Portuenefe told them, they were indeed in a trading Country, but that the time and opportunity was not favourable, becaufe they had fent to China butfive days fince, Vefiels loaded with Pepper, which the Chinefe call Sommes , and the Impics they faw in the Morning at Anchor in the Bay, "ere loading along the Coaft. The Portuguefe were civil and kind enough to the Dutch ■ who' asked them news of the King, and of the Country. They told them that the King had been kil-* H in befieging Palimham, a City in the Ifland of Sumatra, which rebelled againfthim; and that his Ar- ®y, though poflefs’d of part of the Town, being put bto diforder by his Death, had been forced to retire; That when the Navy went out of Bantam to go to’ Sumatra, it confided of above 200 Sail, and that the Nt number of People that were on board the Fleer, Ned a great Famine, and deftroy’d many of them. Jhat the King had left only one' Son, who was bur Months old, and the' Inhabitants had ehofen for h their The Firjl Poyage ef the Dutch their Governor a Noble-Man called Cbejlate, who was the Father of one of the late King’s Wives. Some of thofe Portuguefe faid, they had been at T etmate, on board Sir Thomas Cavendifh his Ship. They gave them alfo an account of Captain Lancafters great Expedition,and the havock he had made among the Per- tugucfe, and Indian Ships in the Streight of Malacca. The Dutch told them they did not concern themfelves with thofe things, but were only come to buy Commo¬ dities, and pay punctually for what they bought. The Portuguefe defired them not to appear in fight of the Ships that were fent by Don Antonio , lead it ihould caufe a Mutiny or Tumult among the Sea¬ men, which might eafily happen by the means of feve- ral Men that were banifiied at Pegu, Bengali, Ten- nafferin, Martaban, and indeed all over the Indies. They faid that thofe Men waited only for a Com¬ mander to head them; and in that cafe their Party would grow very ftrong and numerous; but that it was dangerous to truft them, who to redeem themlelves from Banifhment, would reward their Partizans with treafotiable Pra&ices. The Dutch defired thefe Envoys to prefent their Ser¬ vices to the Emperor, and afifure him they were come upon no other defign, but to trade peaceably. Upon which the Portuguefe leaned well pleafed, and fore- turned. The fame day the Sabandar, who is the firft Officer of the Court, and judges all affairs relating to Taxes, came on board the Holland, to know the oc- cafion of the arrival of the Dutch Ships. They told him as before, that they were come only to buy Pep¬ per and other Spices, and had brought good Money and Mcrchandife to pay for them, and ihew’d at the fame time lome pieces of Money to the Officer, whol was very well Satisfied, and told them they were come to a good trading place, and that in few days' they fhould have their Lading. In fine, he dew’d i great deal of Friendlhip and civility to the Dutch. June the z$th, a great many of the Inhabitants cai« on' board, brought feveral forts of Commodities, if exprefled great kindnefs to the Dutch. They acquaint' ed ’em that there was Pepper enough to lade d® 1 Ships, and befidcs that, in a Months time the Pepp£ to the Eaft-Iddies. Pepper Would be gathered. Ac the fame time they reprefented, that it was this year, as good, as fine, and as cheap as it had been thefe ten years. And that one might buy five or fix Sacks for one Cati, which is about nineteen Florins ; whereas at other times three Sacks coil as much again A Sack weighs fifty four or five pounds Dutch Weight; fo that the pound of Pepper was not above 15 Deniers, or five Far¬ things. In the Afternoon the Sabandar came on beard the Holland again, and defiled Captain Major Hootmanto come a-ihoar, and pay a vifit to the Governor. Hoof mm told him, that bv his Commiflion he had not the power to do it, but if the Governor would be pleafed to come on board his Ship, he would accompany him to the City. The Sabandar propofed alfo, chat the Ships ihould Anchor nearer the fhoar, which the Dutch confented to ; and the fame day they caft Anchor un¬ der Pido Panjdn , that is, the long Ifland, diftanc about two Leagues from Bantam. As foon as they were anchor’d, the Admiral whom they call Tomongon Angabaia, came on board, and told the Dutch by his Interpreter, that the Governor affu- ted them of his Friendihip, and would ferve them with all his power. They thank’d him, and return’d the feme Complement. The Sabandar cartie again a little while after, attended by the fame Portuguefc they had feen before, to give frelh alfurances of Friendihip from the King and Council; and brought with him a great many Hens, Goats, Fruits, and other Refrelhments^ telling the Dutch, that any thing that was in the Coun¬ try was at the fervice of all honeft Merchants, of what ever Nation they were. Thofe aflurances of Friendihip and Protection ap¬ pear'd much more fincereto the Dutch, becaufe rheyfaw nBmtam, Chinefe, Arabians, Perjtans, Moors,Turks, Ma- hkmns, Peguans, and other Merchants of fevetal Nati- Ms, who were all. very kind and civil to them, nor Mly in Words, but in their Actions while they behaved 'bemfelves well, and did not provoke them. About Noon the Sabandar went to Town, but the fatumfe ftay’d add feafted all the Afternoon with the M?. They adviled them to miftruft the Inhabitants ™ fan, becaufe they were not true to their Word, L % befideS 148 The Firfl Voyage of the Dutch befides that', they had very light Fingers; in fine they convinc’d them, that they ought to truft no body, but to believe their own Eyes. The next day the Admiral and the Sabandar came on board again, and proffer’d to the Dutch all that was in the GovernourV power, and what ever they want¬ ed ; and withal, advifed the Dutch not to truft the IV- tuguefe , who hadflander’d them already, and were(0 deceitful, that no body could know their Hearts. A certain Black,a Qttiltinman, commonly called Qni!- lin Pan/an, or Long Quillhi, came on board alfo from the Governor, and laid that the whole Kingdom de¬ filed a Service from the Dutch , vi\. to go before Pj- limbam, in the Ifland of Sumatra , and to batter the place with their Artillery, while thofeof Bantam ftoufd land fome Troops to take the Town, and they would give it up to them to be plundered ; but the Dutch refit- fed it as civilly as they could, telling him they were come only to Trade, and not to make Wv The 16 Merchants of fcveralKnnons can.: „-i board, and they traded together; but every me advilcd the Dutch to be very clofe, and to miftruli the Pit- tuguefe. The 17th in the Morning feveral Pirogues came on board the Dutch Ships, and amongft others that of the Sabandar, who inrreared the Dutch very ear- neftly, to come and vilit the Governor, and purluaw to the ufual Cuftom. to make him a L J relent from their King or Superiors, as a Mark of Alliance and Peace. Upon fo prefling a So’licitarion, the Dutchkti four chofcn Men, with Glades of fine Cryftal, a Look- ing-glafs g ; k, and a piece of Scarlet Cloth. Coming into the Town they met with the Pcrtt- guefe , who with their ordinary diffcmbling faluted them, and made them great Complements. The h bandar conduced them to the Palace of the Gover nor, who was at Dinner; they waited till he had di¬ ned, and faw before his Palace a brafs Gun, abou: two Spans in Diameter, five Granadoes, as big os i Bean , and fome other little Cannons, with a Mortal . piece. As foon as they were admitted before the Govet nor, they made him their Prefents, and invited bit , to come on board their Ships to fee their OfScOT to the Eaft-Indies. and make an Alliance with them. He anfwer’d them by his Interpreter, that he would confider of it. Af¬ terwards they went to the Palace of the Sabandar, who prefented them with Sweet-Meats. The King and his Council fent them alfo Prefents of Hens, He- Goats, Fruits, and other Refrefhments, which they car¬ ry'd on board with them. The next day the Dutch had notice that the Gover- nour would come to vifit them, and they prepared to receive him. They (ingled out fome of their number to go and meet him, anjl in cafe the Governor (hould make any fcruple to come, they had orders to offer to remain as Hoftages. The Dutch being near Ban- um, the famefl«t///« Panjan, Inhabitant of St. Thomas of Mcliaput, a Town firuated upon the Coaft of C’o- rmundel, and the Governor’s Interpreter came to meet them, and told them, that the Governor flay'd for their Captain in the Harbour, and that he defired the Cap¬ tain to come apd fetch him. Upon that advice the Deputies came on board a- gain, and acquainted the Captain Major of whar the Interpreter faid to them, The Captain Major went in a Sloop prefently, ard fent word to the Governor of his coming to wait on him. In the mean while the hbrndar came on board the Sloop, and importun’d the Dutch to come on (hoar, and offer’d to flay him- felffor an Hoftage. But the Dutch would not do it, and perfifted in faying, that the chief Offic ers (hould not come a-fhoar, till an Alliance (hould be made between them and the Inhabitants. The Portugucfc who were there alfo, faluted the Officers, and made them great Complements. Ac length the Governor went out of the Harbor with (ixteen great Pirogues , and the Dutch Captain met him, and going on board the Governors Pirogue, fat by him ; they talked of the United Provinces, and tlie Governor asked him, how many Ships the States could Equip in a year; and in how many Months •key would be in coming to Bantam ; but chiefly he enquired whether the Dutch intended to make more 'han one Voyage. While they were fo difeourfing, they arrived onboard the Dutch Fleet, where the Governor and thofe that wended him were received with all marks of Di- L 3 ' ftintffion >49 xyo The Fttfi Voyage of the Dutch ffiri&ion and Refped by the Cbmmiffioners. Never- thelefs being invited into the Captain’s Chamber, he began to tremble, thinking they were going to dap him in Prifori $ at length by the Sollicitation of the Sabandar, and of the 1 'morgop, he went into the Cap. tains Chamber ; where among other favours, he affu; red them, that no Merchant Ihould buy any Spices be¬ fore their Ships fhould have taken in fuch loading as they defired. The Governor having a great mind to fee the Mep- chandife the Dutch brought, they (hew’d him pieces of Velvet and Scarlet Cloth, and made him a new Prefent of a piece of Scarlet Cloth, and fome days after they prelented him with a piece of green Velvet. He view¬ ed the Ship from the top to the bottom, and defired they would make a difcharge of their Artillery, when he ihould go away, which was done accordingly. The Sabandar flay’d on board to have the pleafure to fee the Difcharge, and afterwards went away to joyn the Go¬ vernor. All the whole Court was richly cloathed after their own faihion, which is much the fame as that of the Inhabitants of Sumatra. They exprefs’d in their dif- courfe no great efteem for the Portuguefe ; nay the S, i- bandar faid, thir the Portuguefe had offer’d to the Ci¬ ty of Bantam 200000 Ducats for the Ifland of Fib Banyan, but they had been refufed, becaufe they were fufpeded; and becaufe they would certainly have built a Fort in it, and fo have ruined Bantam , where no Jonque nor any Veffel can go, without going under that Ifland. July the ift, 1596. Cornelius Hootman went to Bmr tarn, attended by nine Men. They were received by the Governor, and by the Lords of the Court very ci¬ villy after their manner; they ihew’d them the Letters Patents, and Commiflions of his Highnefs the Print! of Orange, which gave them power to make Alliances for the better fecurity of Trade, and that they might enjoy the fame Priviledges that other Merchants ® joy’d in the Country. That Commifiion was prefentij tranflated into Portuguefe and Arabian. Then the DM'- 1 defired the Court to give them an Affurance and Pw te&ion in Writing, which they promifed to give, tn firft time they Ihould come to Court again. to to the Eaft-Indies. 151 The fame Evening they faw a great Lord or Prince arrive at Bantam. The Portuguese gave him thfeTitle of Emperor, becaufe his Father had an Abfolute Empire over all the Kings of Java ; but they took no notice of him, becaufe he hadrefided a long while • at Ma¬ lacca, and had a great Kindnefs for the Portuguese , whom they hated for fear of being made fubjed to them. However, this Prince was very well receiv’d eve¬ ry where: The Kings themfelves came holding up their Hands to fpeak foith him as Slaves. They ac¬ cus’d him of being a great Drunkard, and very prodigal. This Prince, King cr Emperor, came the the id of June on board the Maurice, with his two Sens and fome Portuguese > They view’d the Ship every where, and went to fee the other two great Ships, examin¬ ing every thing. The Emperor profer’d his Services to the Dutch, and made them great Promifcs. He was cloath’d with fine Callico that had a Ground of Gold. His eldeft Son was a fine comely young Prince, about 20 Years old, and had on his Girdle a rich oval Jewel of Gold, fet with feveral precious Stones very big; moft of them were Emeralds and Rubies. The 3d the Captain-Major went on (hoar again to defire the Governour to confirm the Alliance propos’d and agreed upon the firft Day of the fame Month. In order to that, the Dutch had drawn fome Articles ready to be fign’d ; the Subftanceof which.was, that they fhould keep an inviolable and mutual Faith; and if any one fhould infiilt or moleft one of the Parties, they fhould join together againft him, and re¬ lift Force by Force. When Captain Hooiman went to Town, he was at¬ tended by feven or eight Men in Velvet and Sattin Gloaths, with Swords by their Sides; fome walking before, and fome after him, and one held a Parafal o- ver his Head. A Trumpet march’d before founding now and then, and ten or twelvs Seamen clos’d the March. They met the Emperor in the Way, who con¬ duced them to his Palace otic of the Town; for ibe Bantamitet will not permit him to ly within the L 4 Walls i 7 he Firfl Voyage of the Dutch Walls ; and he order’d a fine Collation of Fruits of Java, and of Conferves, to be ferv’d up. The Pot- tagiie^e, who pretended to be great Friends to the Dutch, accompany’d them to the City, and defir’d them to do them the Honour to come into their Hou- fes, where a great Entertainment was prepar’d for them. The Dutch, who would not deny them, were extreamly well entertain’d. In fine, the Portuguese cave them a thoufand Careffes and falfe Proofs of Friendfhip : One of them who had feen Captain Hoot-, man at Lisbon, ask’d him in jeft if he had been made a Puke fince. The Captain-Major came on board again in the Eve¬ ning, and brought the Articles fign’d by the Gover- nour; by which it was agreed that the Dutch fhould ' have the Liberty for the future to trade fafely and qui¬ etly with the Btntamitcs. The fame Day the Sabmidar had been on board the Lion of Holland.. This Nobleman was very well affe¬ cted to the Dutch, and did them great Services after. He told them that Day the Price and the Weight of Pepper, advifing them to buy fome without Delay ; be- caufe it was cheaper than it had been for tenYears before. However, the Council of the Fleet did not think fit to buy a Stock yet, and fo it was refolv’d to tarry til! the new Crop. July s. Quillin Panjan came on board the Maurice from the Govcrnour, to give notice to the Dutch to be upon their Guard ; becaufe the Emperour whom they nam’d paia d'Amn.t, mif-lcd and feduc’d by the Portuguese, was to come and attack them, under pre¬ tence of a Vifit.Upon that Advice they call’d a Council, . and prepar’d themfelves to receive him , having charg’d their Cannons with Bullets, and arm’d every Man. The 6 th the Governour fent an Exprefs with the fame Errand, and to give them notice that there was 5 great Murmuring and DiffenfionintheTown ; and that the meft part pf the common People had a Mind tc attack them j but the more moderate among them would nqt'confent to it. The Dutch, feeming to take no notice of fuch an Advice, fent a Man to the .&t- bandar s Houle, under pretence of fome Commiflion, where he found fixty Muskets charg’d, which fright- ’ ed him very much j but the Sabandar bid him fear to the EafMndies. nothing ; and that the Arms he faw, were oniy to turn the Emperor out of tha Town. It was really fo j for this Prince had a great Party in Bantam, and they were afraid he would make himfelf Mailer of the Town. Therefore the Sitbandar charg’d the Dutchman to tell his Mailers to take care of themfelves; for the Emperor was fol- iiciting the Nobility to furnilh him with Men to execute his Defign : And I’ll alTure you, faid he, that the Nobility cannot in Honour deny him, and mud march in Perfon with hirfi; but we will give you a Sig¬ nal of Advice, and keep our felves out of the Can¬ non /hot. It appear’d by all thefe Circumftances, that the Em-, peror, feduc’d by the Promifes of the Portuguese, and in hopes of making a great Booty by the plundering of the Dutch Ships, refolv’d to attack them ; but fuf- pedling that the Dutch had notice of his Defign, he took other Meafures. He prepar’d a great Feafl, where all the Captains and Mailers of Ships, Trumpets and Mulicians were invited. The 8f/j of the Month was the Day appointed fpr that great Entertainment. The 7th, the Dutch fent two Officers to the Govern- our and to the Emperor, to fpeak with them, and defire them not to attempt any thing-againft the Dutch Ships, becaufe they ftood upon their Guard ; and if they ihould attack them, they would find fuch Refiftance, that they would be oblig’d to retire with the Lofs of their Ho¬ nour and their Men. They defir’d them alfo not to believe the falfe Reports of the Portuguese, who flan- der’d them only for their own Ends, and would have them to pafs for Englifh Pirates, a Nation fear’d, and odious in that Country for the great Diforders they committed three Years before. The Emperor look’d furpriz’d at this Speech, android the Officers he knew nothing of all rhis. He defir’d only that the Officers of the Ships, and thofe that were invited, Ihould not fail to come the next Day, which he would take as a Mark of their Confidence and Friend¬ ship. The Envoys told him they would make their Re¬ port, and fo return’d back. The 8 th they fent a Deputy to the Emperor with a frefent. When he was juft going off, an Exprefs came “om the Emperor on board the Dutch Ships to condud thofe I *54 thofe that had been invited to the Feaft : But they excus’d themfelves, faying they were not very well, nor in a Condition to go to a Feaft. Before this Exprefs went away, the Dutch carry’d him under Deck, and (hew’d him a great Quantity of Arms, which fo frighted him, that for a long while he could not fpeak. Then he. fate down, and ask’d the Captain what Reafon he had to be fo angry. After that he went away, and gave an Account to the Em- perour of what he had feen ; and the whole City was prefently alarm’d with it, and by that means they were quite out of hopes of having an Opportunity to attack and feize the Dutch Ships. The Emperor having mifs’d his two Projedls, made his Excufes to the Dutch, and aflhr’d them, that if there had been any ill Defign againft ’em,he was very innocent df it. Then having accepted of the Prefent fent to him, he went the i itb to Jacatra, a Town li- tuated in thelfland of Java, atthediftanceof to Leagues from Bantam. Whatever he Could fay to clear himfelf, it is certain that the Portuguese promis’d hint 4000 Pieces of Eight for the four Dutch Ships and all their Equipages. They had dlfo perfwaded him, that if 20 Men only could board each Ship, they would certainly be Matters of j ’em, and kill all the Seamen. y«/> 9. a jonque caft Anchor in the Road of Bantam , and after difcharging 8 Brafs P atercrocs, difplay’d a white Flag for joy of their fafe Arrival. She was a Bantam Ship coming from China, after a very long Voyage. The ilth feveral Merchants, Turks and Arabians, came oti board the Dutch Ships. There was one a? mong ’em nam’d Goia Plain, who had been formerly at Venice, . and fpoke Italian. He faid he woula think himfelf very happy in returning to Confiantinoplt his own Country, by the Way of Holland ; and that he could not go by Acherii in the Ifland df Sumatra ; becaufe the King of that Country flopp’d all the Mer¬ chants, ahd had but lately taken two Bantam Jonqms. For that purjpofe he offer’d to carry all his EffecSls a- long Midi him, and'to make the Commiflioners his Heirs in cafe he fliould die in the Voyage. He alfo iffur’d th'e Dutch he had done all he could to dif- to the Eaft-Indies. fwade the Emperor from his ill Defign againft them ; and that he told him he would find more Difficulty in ic chan he had found three Years before againft a Portuguese Ship, which he attack’d and took before Jartan, between Madura and Java. The iyh theyfent three Men a-lhoar to meet the Sdandar, who came on board with them. He delir'd tie Captain-Major to go and confer with the Gover- nour, offering to ftay in the Ship as an Hoftage. But this Offer was not accepted. However, Hootman and Renier Vn Hel offering to accompany him to Bantam , he left his Eldeft Son in the Ship. When they were arriv’d , at the Governour’s Houfe, the Oaths were re-iterated on bothfides. The Dutch on one part engag’d themfelves to aflift with all their Forces the Governour and the Subje. At length the i qth. they touched at a little Village cal¬ led Sumor in the Mala'ian Tongue, and tampon by the People of Java. There they landed, and' asked the Inhabitants where they could find good frefh Water. The Country Peo¬ ple told them, they were forbid by the Governor to di- retft ’em,or to fell them any Pro'vifions. However they faid,if they would give theCommander of the Village two Fufils, and promife to do them no harm, they would ftew them a good place for frefh Water, and fell them all manner or Refrefhments. The Dutch willingly granted to the Natives what they demanded: and upon that they promifed not to infult them, or hinder them from taking in frefh Wa¬ ter j which they confirm'd by dipping the point of their M 3 Poignard I** 1 66 The Firfi f wage of the Dutch Poignard into the Water, and dropping the Water upon their Tongues, and (aid, they defired to be pu- nilhed, if they lhould not keep their Word. Septemb. the loth, the three Sloops went to fetch in frelh Water, and fome of the Seamen having flay’d a lhoar without leave, the Commander of the Village named Anajjinge, prefented them with a Cane of Wine, which they drunk ; but being not fatisfied with it, they demanded another Cane, at which the Inhabitants were difpleas’d. The next day the Matter of the Amflcrdam going a-(hoar, was informed that the Seamen had abufed the Inhabitants, had broken fome pots full of Wine, and made mod of the Country People run away, ef- pecially the Women ; which Adion was not at all ap¬ proved by the Officers, and the Council. As foon as the Ship failed out of the Road of Ban¬ tam, the Prifoners were diftributed in the Town, a- mong thofe who loft their Slaves in the Fight. They folicited them mightily to renounce their Religion,' and made ufe of Violence to force them to it ■ but the Dutch endured their Perfecution with great Courage and Patience, and would not deny their Faith. At laft they let them go where they pleafed. In the mean while the Portugucfe were very atftive, and prefented Petitions every day to the Regency, in order to obtain leave to buy the Prifoners, for whom they offer’d 4000 pieces of Eight. But by a particular grace of God, they could obtain nothing. OBober the 1 ft, 1596. the Ships weighed Anchor, and came within a League and a half of Bantam, near the long Ifland called Pido Panjan : the Prifoners hearing of this good News,' began to chear up. The zd about Sun-rifing, a little Pirogue came on board with two Java Slaves, or Servants of a Noble-Man; who broughr Letters from the Prifoners, in which they defired the Ships not to approach near Bantam, or af¬ front any body. The next day another little Pirogue came on board the Maurice, with a Portuguefe Slave named Antonio de Silveiro, an honeft Man, and a good friend to the Dutch. He brought Letters from Captain Hootnrn, who defired the Council to write to the Governor, and treat with him about their Ranfom. All agreed to pay to the Eaft-Tndies. pay their Ranfom, but they had many debates about the terms. At laft they came to this Refolution. That the Dutch (hould pay down 2000 pieces of Eight, and prefently after the Prifoners (hould be re¬ leafed, and have their liberty to come on board ; that what had been taken on both lides (hould be compen- fated, and go one for another ; that is to lay, the Ef- feds of the Dutch, and what was due to them, (hould be adjudged to thofe who had them in their Hands ; and that the Dutch (hould keep the Lading of the two Jonguts a'' their own. Upon thefe Terms, all Quarrels and Differences (hould be Extind, and they (hould make a new Treaty of Alliance,' and continue to trade as before. All thefe Conditions were exadlv performed. The fame day the Bantamitc: fent on board two Hofta- ges, one of them was a Noble-Man of China, who kept above a hundred Slaves. The other was the Landlord of the Dutch Ware-Houfe in Bantam. On the other fide the Council fent to the Governor a thoufand pieces of Eight, and the next day a thoufand more; and prefently after the Prifoners were releafed, and fent on board. From that time the Sutlers came and brought all forts of Provifions to the Dutch, and the Seamen went with all freedom into the Town, where they bought feveral parcels of Pepper, and Nutmegs, which they embarked as foon as they bought them, not doubting but they would find enough to lade their Ships with. This peaceable commerce lafted till the 22 d of the fame Month. At which time Hootman being arrived on board the Fleet, was asked how things went in Town; he anfwer’d, that they did not go very well; that the Gover¬ nor was a Man very inconftant, and eafie to be prepof- fefled; by which anfwer the Council conjedur’d, what pofture the affairs were in. The 23 d and 24^, they fent three Deputies to the Sahandar, about a new demand the Governor had made of the Ships, vi%. of 200 pieces of Eight for each Ship, except the Pinnace. Although fuch a demand was altogether ftrange and extraordinary, fince they had already pay’d above their due : The Council for all that declared, that in cafe the Pepper (hould come fafe on board, they would not The Firft Voyage of the Dutch ljok fo narrowly into it, and had rather pay more then lefs. The Sabandar told the Deputies, that they could not trade with them till the Cuftom was paid. The 2,5 tb Hootman waited on the Governour, who told him from himfelf, and from the Council, that the Dutch would do better to go and trade fome- where elfe. Firft, becaufe the Council of the Fleet were not willing to pay what was demanded of them. Secondly, bccaufe they miftrufted the Inha¬ bitants, who were not pleas’d to fee the Dutch buy up the Pepper Sack by Sack, and never above 10 Sacks at a time ; whereas they expetfted they would buy at leaft 1000 at a time. In fliort, he told them they were tco miftruftful one of another; and for that reafon it was impoffible to trade peaceably, or with any reafonable Profit. In the mean while a Portuguese Ambaflador came from Malacca to Bantam. This Ambaflador brought with him 10000 Beales of Eight, and fome Toys, which be prefented to the Governour in order to' follicit him to forbid any manner of Trade with the Dutch. The Governor, who could not withftand fuch a noble Prefent, promis’d the Ambaflador to comply with his Defire: And for that purpofe, he pretended that the Nobility would not fuffer the Dutch to to trade any longer in that Country. The Dutch were then bargaining with the Captains of the two fonques for the Nutmegs and Mace which came from the Iflands of Banda, and belong’d to the Landlord of the Dutch Warehoufe in Bantam, and to his Company ; but the Governor hearing of it, forbid the Merchants to conclude any Bargain with the Dutch. The Trade being thus interrupted, the Council of the Fleet call’d on board all thofe that were a-fhoar, who were alfo told by the Sabandar, and by their Friends, to depart, and never come again, or elfe they would be in danger of being arrefted and de- . liver’d to the Portuguese. They brought with them fome Effe&s, and burnt the reft. But they had much ado to embark ; for it was late, and the Ambaffador’s Veffel lying in the Harbour, when they came by her, fome Portuguese affronted them $ but finding too to the Eaft-Indies. much Refiftance, were forc’d to let them go. Notwithanding the Prohibition made by the Gover* nor to the Merchants not to conclude any Bargain with the Dutch , the Matter of the Warehoufe went' privately on board every Day to fell the Parcel of Mace and Nutmegs, though he durft not deliver them to the Dutch openly. But he propos’d that to clear himfelf before the Governor, they fliould feize the Goods under pretence that they bought them, and fo the Bargain was concluded. The 3 ift of the fame Month the fame Merchant had one of the Dutchmen who was ftill in the Town, carry’d on board between two Mats by feven of his, Slaves, who were each of them arm’d with a Fufil and aPiketofecurehim,tho’ 14000 Caxas, which is fixfcore Pieces of Eight, were offer’d him to make him Prifoner, and deliver him to the Portuguese. This was a'great Proof of Friendlhip and Fidelity' ; and in effedt he always fliew’d himfelf a real and true Friend to the Dutch. The fame day a certain Portuguese Slave came on board the Holland, difguis’d in a Javanefe Habit, and brought News from Antonio Sylverio, who had been put in Prifon, only becaufe he was a Friend to the Dutch, and had done them fome Service. He defir'dthe Dutch to fend him by that Slave 6 or 7 Pieces of Eight to give them to a favanefe Slave who promis’d to releafe him for that Sum, or elfe he was afraid the Portugucfe would hang him. This fame Meffenger told the Dutch that great Preparations Were making at Bantam to attack ’em; but they found the Attempt fo hazardous, that they were afraid to put it in Execution. November 1. 1506. the Council being affembl’d on board the Maurice, refolv’d to make Reprifals for the Wrong and Affronts put upon them by the Bantam- ites and the Portuguese. With that View the Ships approach’d nearer the Town ; and having taken two Jongues laden with Mace and Nutmegs, brought ’em on board the Maurice, where the China Merchant and Matter of the Dutch Warehoufe was prefenr, and confented that the Dutch fhould feize upon the ■two Jonqttes , as having bought their Lading. 170 The firfl Voyage of the Dutch There was in one of the Jonques fixcy Slaves, who knowing nothing of the Bargain concluded, put them- felves in a pofture of Defence. But as foon as the Dutch (hot at them, they all threw themfelvcs into the Sea and fwam away. At the fame time two arm’d Sloops row’d towards a Portuguese Bark which was on Ground: But the Portuguese fir’d fo upon ’em with their Fufils, that they could not board her; and one of the Dutch Seamen was wounded, and dy’d five Days after. On the other fide, the Ships fir’d with their Cannon fo briskly upon the Bark, that lhe was very much damnify’d. Then the Dutch Hood off from the Town. The id they faw a Jonque coming from the Main, and prefently (ent two Sloops to give her the Chace; but (he would not furrender; for the Crew covering themfelves with Mats, made a vigorous Defence. They had a fort of Trunks, with little (harp Iron Lances, and (hot with great Dexterity upon the Sloops; for the Darts fell as thick as Hail, and wounded five or fix Dutchmen. You can hardly perceive the Wounds; for the Darts are fo fmall, that they don’t go above two Inches in the Flelh; and the Point, which is made of Heed, cannot be taken out. But when the Dutch began to difeharge their Fufils, and their Mats could not fave them; they got into their little Canow, and efcap’d by the Might of their Oars, leaving behind them their Jonqtie and two of their Men dead in her. The Dutch purfu’d the Canow, and kill’d three Men. Then they brought in the Jonque , which was laden with Rice and dry Fi(h. After they had flood off from before the City, in or¬ der to unload the Jonqucs, and put their Cargo on board of their own Ships; they us’d all means to acquaint the Proprietors, that they might come and take their Mo- ny ; but they receiv’d no Anfwer, and heard no more of the matter. . AH this while the B.mtamites continu’d their Prepa¬ rations for attacking the Dutch Ships, by the Inftigation of the Portuguese ; who offer’d their Affiftance, and had defir’d the Emperor to come again, and execute the Enterprize: for he was counted a valiant Man, and a great Adventurer. The to the Eaft-Indies. The Emperor was then before Pido Dana with 6 or 7 Barks mann’d with 150 Men, ready to fight. He fent word to the Portuguese he would not come to Bantam • for he hated the Inhabitants mortally r Nay, he follici- ted the Dutch to joyn with him, and attack the Town, afluringthem of his Friendlliip and Prote&ion ■ and as a Mark of it, lie prefented them with a Goat. Soon after he fent a Pirogue on board the Dutch Ships with 13 Hens, defiring at the fame time a fafe Condud for himfelf to come on board, which was fent immedi¬ ately to him. On the 3 d they faw a Pirogue coming on board the Maurice, with four or five China Men in her, and the Brother of the Mailer of the Dutch Warehoufe, who came to be paid his Mony. But the Dutch did not truft them. They would have the Mailer or the Captains of the Jon]ues themfclves, to come on board. The Bro¬ ther told them they had been all three put in Prifon by the Governor’s Order, under pretence of Collufion and Correfpondence with the Dutch. The 4 th the Emperor having receiv’d the lafe Con¬ dud, came on board the Fleet, and defir’d them to give him one of the Jonques, feeing they did not defign to make any ufe of her. They told him they mean’d to give them again to the Owner when he claim’d them, and pay him for their La¬ ding. But if he (hould not come, they would prefent him with the two Jonques. Such a Vifit was very much fufpedcd, and look’d upon as a Vifit rather of a Spy than an Emperor. They told him all that pafs’d when they arriv’d before Bantam , and what related to the Defign he had to furprize and attack them. He reply’d, that being ha¬ ted by the Inhabitants, they charg’d him with fuch Ca¬ lumnies; but he was confident the Dutch would not be-, Iieve them. He alfo told them he had been turn’d out of Ja- catra, and that they would not receive him at Ban¬ tam, The Dutch believ’d him, becaufe they were very well acquainted with the general Complaints of his bad Government and Debauchery, and were confirm’d in that Opinion by the Offer he made them of a fine Wo¬ man for one of the Jonques. 171 The I7i The Firjl Voyage of the Dutch The fame Day feveral Gy^aratcs and Alyffmi brought on board fome Refrelhments; but the Dutch bought but a few, being afraid they were poyfon'd : For they had Advice that there had been fome poyfon’d before. On the 5 th the Emperor came on board again, with all Neceffaries to bring the Jonques away, not doubting but the Dutch would give them to him: but they made him the fame Anfwer as before. He told them that they were making greater Pre¬ parations than ever at Bantam, and that they would have fuddenly a vaft Fleet, and would then attack the Dutch Ships. The 6th they receiv’d a further Advice, that the Bantamites were ready to attack them the next day : that feveral Noblemen and Officers of the Town were to imbark to encourage the Inhabitants to fight: that the Jonques mention’d before, were to put to Sea again, to draw the Sloops into the Main, and at¬ tack them with more. Advantage. Upon this News, the Dutch confidering they fhould gain no Honour nor Profit by a great Slaughter of the Bantamites ; and that they might lofe fome of their Men, which would be a confiderable Lofs to •them; they weigh’d Anchor, and fail’d to a River nam’d Tanjunjaxa, at the diftance of 8 Leagues to the Eaft off Bantam, which a Pilot nam’d Abdul, fhew’d them the next day after their Departure from Bantam. This River lies at the moft Southerly Point of the Bay of Jacatra behind fome Iflands. While they flay’d there at Anchor, they obferv’d, that thegreateft Extent of the Ifland of Java, is from the Eaft to the Weft; that the Ground along the Coaft is very low, and not good; that it was full of Creeks, Gulphs and Holes, wherein many Rivers difcharg’d themfelves ; and had feveral Villages built upon it: that in the Gulphs there are Bottoms and Shelves of Sands, particularly before PunBau and T auhm, which are Villages very populous, and whofe Inhabi¬ tants have a great many Pirogues that ply from Jacatn to Bantam, On the 9 th fome China Merchants, and among them the Son-in-law of the Mailer of the Dutch Ware- houfe, came on board the Maurice . They brought fome 173 to the Eaft-Indies. fame Pots full of Brandy, which they bought at Jacatra, and faid they would come again to bring fome other Provifions. They told the Dutch that there was then at Jacatra a Jonque laden with Nutmegs, which came lately from the Iliands of Banda. The Dutch fufpe&ed them , and fear’d they had contriv’d this by way of Revenge, for not being paid for the Goods which were in the two Jonques they had taken. The Brandy brought on board by the China- Merchants, was made at Jacatra, of Coco-Nuts, call’d by the Javanefe, Calappas, which grow in great Quantities at Jacatra ; for the Country was formerly call’d Sunda Calappa. The nth a Pirogue came from Bantam on board the Ship Maurice, under pretence to fell lome Pro¬ vifions and China Wares; but rather to fpy and dis¬ cover what the Dutch were doing, and what Defign they had on foot. • The Merchants thac were in the Pirogue would perfv/ade the Dutch that the Cargo of the two Jonques they took, belong’d to the Por¬ tuguese, who were forc'd to pay for it ; that fome of them had been kill’d in the laft Fight, and among others, the Captain of the Bark, by a Cannon-fliot. But all this was meer Lies. The fame Day another Pirogue came on board the Holland with China- Merchants, and the Son-in-law a- bove-mention’d ; only in all appearance came to fee if they could be paid for their Goods. The Son- in-law prefented two He-Goats to each Ship ; and having fent the C/uW-Merchants to Jacatra, ftaid for them on board the Maurice. November 13. about the Evening, the Ships arriv’d under the Town of Jacatra, which lies in the Latitude of s Deg. 40 Min. and call Anchor about a League off the Town” upon 7 Fathom Water, and a Clayie Bottom, That Country, as we faid before, is low and unfruitful. There are a great many Creeks on the Coaft, and feveral Iflands all along it. On the 14 th in the Morning feveral Pirogues with Provifions came on board the Ships. The Sabandar came himfclf in his Pirogue, who offer’d the Dutch to furnifh them with all things they wanted , if they The firfi Voyage of the Dutch they would fend Men a-flioar to fetch them. In the mean while he propos’d to tarry himfelf as an Hoftage. Accordingly they fent two of their Men with the Son-in-law of their old Landlord to go along with the Sabandar, and fee if they could buy any Spices. The City of Jacatra contains about 3000 Houfes very dole built. 'Tis furrounded with high Paliifadoes, and has a fine River that runs, through the middle. The moft part of the Inhabitants being frighted away at the Dutch Ships Arrival, there was little or no Trade to be expe&ed , efpecially confidering that all the Goods imported to Jacatra from the neighbouring Countries, are carry’d to Bantam to be fold. There¬ fore the two Dutchmen, after having been very well entertain’d by I the Sabandar, who fpoke good Portu¬ guese, came on board again in the Evening. The River of Jacatra is the only thing remarkable in theTown. The Country about it is water’d with feveral little Rivers,which render it very plentiful of allProvifi- ons and Fruits. The Inhabitants came the next day on board the Fleet, and brought abundance with them, which were fold and bought with great Demonftrations of Civility and Honefty on both Sides. The King having notice of the Arrival of the Dutch Fleet, came on toard the 1 6th attended by fome Gen¬ tlemen. He was very old, and fome fay he was the prefent King’s Father. He view’d the Holland, and in parting, he thank’d the Dutch Officers for the Honour they had done him, and promis’d them his Prote&ion; upon which the Dutch gave him many Thanks for that Favour. Onthei7«; in the Evening they caftAnchor 6 Leagues off Jacatra, under a Village call’d Cravaon, inhabited for the moft part by Fiffiermen : For there is abundance of Fifii in the Mouth of the great River, which runs under the Village. The zzd they faw a Jonque, and gave her the Chace, but could not take her. The z-jtb they faw a great many Fiffiermen coming from the Main, and fleering to the Coaft. They told the Dutch they were near Japara. The 29 tb they alfo faw near an Ifland more Fiffiermen failing into the Main, who made them to underftand by Signs to fleer to the South of the Ifland ; which made the Dutch' believe there were fome Habitations x 75 to the Eaft-Indies. on that fide. This Illand is very low by the Sea-fide, and planted with Trees. But further off you might fee high Mountains. The Ifland is nam’d Ririmaan Java, and is not far off the Continent. After feveral little Voyages with great Trouble and Fatigue, they went a-fi.oar; where theypfound Filhermen, who told them they were upon the Coaft which is above the Town of T ubaon. That Country is very Hilly, and you may fee it a great way off. For in the Middle of it there is a high Mountain which you difcover going from the Weft to the Eaft, and which bears the Figure of a broad- brim'd Hat, having on the Top a Tree higher than all the reft. At the Weft of that Mountain there is a great Gulf that look’d like a River. Continuing the fame Rout, they faw another great Gulph, where a great many Filhermen were cruifing- and alfo fome Jonqucs at Anchor, which oblig’d the Dutch to Anchor there likewife. The Inhabitants feeing the Ships at Anchor, fent a Pirogue to know whence they came. The ftormy Wea¬ ther caus’d the Pirogue to board the Amflerdam ■ for fhe was neareft the Shoar. The Dutch receiv’d the Inhabitants very civilly, and defir’d them to tarry on board till the next Day. They brought with them a few Cloves, Mace and Nutmegs to fell. This Country is alfo very Hilly, and hath three very remarkable Mountains, which are long and level like Tables. The Portuguese call them Afinefis de Tubaon, and the Mahiians, Barto Cillinah. The Inhabitants faid there were three Towns in that Country near one another • namely, Tubaon the biggeft, Sydaio and Surba'ia. About three Leagues off there is another Town cal¬ led Joartam, where you fee many 'qonques. which fail to the Molaqucs, Amboine, and Banda. From thence they go to Bantam to fell their Merchandice. Upon the Invitation of the Inhabitants who were come in the Pirogue, and to inform themfelves more ex¬ actly of the whole Country, the Dutch fent one of their Seamen with the fame Abdul mention’d before, who fpoke very good Portuguese, Maldian and Javancfe. As foon as they were landed, the Inhabitants brought them Hor- 176 The Firft Voyage of the Dutch Horfes ready fadled and bridled to go into the Town to faJute the King; but they refufed their offer very civilly. The Wanders obferving that Abdul was not a Java- nefe born, ask’d him what Countryman he was, he told them he was born at Bengali , and dwelt at Ban¬ tam : as foon as he faid he lived at Bantam, they had a mind to arreft him, becaufe they hated the Banta- mltes, and efpecially the Governor. But When the Dutch-man told them that Abdul was come along with him in his Ship, they werefatisfyed, and went together to wait on the King, who receiv¬ ed them very kindly, and told them he would come the next day to vifit them on board, and would bring along with him Hoftages, that they might come a- Ihoar freely, and without any fear. He alfo (hew’d them about three fcore Tuns of Cloves, which he of¬ fered to fell at a reafonable. Price. The King’s name was Leila. The two Envoys having taken their leave, returned on board again. Among thofe that had invited the Dutch to cornea- fhoar, there was a Portugucfe Renegadoe, who faid he had been taken Prifoner at Malacca, when he was but fifteen years old, and tranfported to Java with fome other Portugucfe, who were alfo Prifoners. This Re- negado had got great credit in that Country, and was one of the chief Officers of the Town of Surbaia, where he commanded above 2000 Men. He offer’d the Dutch not only to hire, but to fell them Pilotes to condud them to the Molaques. But they would not truft him, fufpeding he had been fent by the Portugucfe, upon fome ill defign againft them; and afterwards (hew’d, that they were not deceived in their lufpicion. The fame day the King fent to Schellinger Mailer of the Amfterdam, a Prefect of a rare Bird called Eme, He was as big again as a Swan, and quite black, his Feathers being like the Feathers of an Oftritcb. He bad no Tongue, nor Wings, nor Tail; but at the top of his Head he had a (hell as hard as a Tortoife (hell. His Feet were long, big, and fo ftrong, that he made ufe of them to defend himfelf, and kickt like a Horfe. He fwallow’d whole all that he eat, even a whole Apple, as big as a Man’s Fill. And which a wonder- to the Eaft-Indies. wonderful • he would fwallow Fire-brands without burning himfelf, and great bits of Ice to cool him. Thofe Birds are found only in the Iflands of Banda, whence this came, and was brought to Amfterdam as a great Rarity. He was prefented to the States Gene¬ ral, by one of the Merchants of the Company. December the 5 tb, 1596. The Ships made fome pre¬ parations to receive the King, who was to come that day. Every body appear’d neatly dreffed; the Trum¬ pets founded finely, and all the Flags were difplay’d. The Inhabitants feeing fuch a (how, had fome fulpici- on of the Dutch, and the King himfelf, fent a Piro¬ gue on board to know what was the meaning of it, and why they put up all the Flags. He ask'd them if he defign’d to ufe him as they had ufed the Bant li¬ mit ss ■ adding, that for his part he defigned no harm, and would adt with them very fincerely, and as a Friend, and that he did not love the Bantamites. The Butch fent back word to the King, that they had no other defign than to do him all the honour due to his quality, according to the mode of their own Country. After that anfwer, the Pirogue went on. A little while after the Pottuguefe Renegado came on board the Maurice, and defired to fee fome Merchan- dife; they lliew’d him a Cuirafs, and a piece of red Cloth, which he pretended to buy, and would have the Dutch let him carry it to the (hoar, but they would not confent to it. At the fame time they faw two 'jonques upon the Coaft, feeming to fleer to the Main, but they foon changed their courfe: for they were fent only to fee whether the Sloops would give them the chafe, and in that cafe they were refolved to attack the Ships which were then unprovided of Men to de¬ fend themfelves. About Noon fix great Pirogues well manned came on board the Fleet, three on board the Amfterdam, and the other three on board the Pinnace. The firlt three Pirogues which boarded the Amfter- dim, brought with them two rare Animals, which they deligned to prefect them, and the Sabandar who was there in Perfon, to mannage and carry on their de- fign, hilled, which was a Signal to feize the Ships. The Seamen having no manner of fufpicion look’d upon them, and of a fudden they faw a great many N Men 177 The Firji Voyage of the Dutch Men fallingfoul upon the Ship. Rcnicr Verbel, who was Comnaiflioner , ask’d the Sdnindur what thefe Men came for. The Sabandar feeing the opportunity favou¬ rable, made a great noife, drew his Poignard, and cut Verbcl’s Throat. His Men following his Example, kil¬ led John Sckcllitigcr, and mod of the Seamen that were upon the Deck, and wounded mortally all the reft, who fufpetfting no fuch thing, had no Arms to defend themfelves. But the other Seamen who were under Deck, fought with fuch courage with Half-Pikes, long Pikes, and broad Swords, that they killed a great part of their Enemies, got up to the Deck, and fo maul’d the ci¬ thers with a Paterero, that thole Tray tors were for¬ ced to quit the Deck. There was a Pirogue juft by to receive them, which being full of wounded Men, was funk by a Cannon (hot. The three Pirogues which had boarded the Pinnace, feeing the others had mift their Delign, durft not venture any thing, and paffed under the Bolt-fpritof the Amjlcrdam. The Seamen of the other Ships hearing the noife, and feeing Iflandsrs jumping on board the Ship in great confufion, got into their Sloops, purfued the Piro¬ gues, boarded one of them, and made fuch (laughter of the Ijl.tnders, who were in her, with their broad Swords, that not one efcaped, even thofe that fell into the Wa¬ ter. werg mod of 'em killed. The Inhabitants feeing their Country-men fo ill u- fed, fent thirteen Pirogues well manned to their af- (iftance. But the Ships fired fo warmly upon them, that they forced them back. The Dutch in the Sloops made fome Prifoners, and being fatigued by the Fight, went on board the Am- Jlerd.im. They faw the Deck covered with dead Bo¬ dies, both of their Companions, and their Enemies: But that which was more deplorable, was the cruel death of a Ship-Boy eleven or twelve years old. Thefe barbarous Men not only killed him, but gave him thir¬ teen ftabs with a Dagger alter his death. The light of fo lamentable Objetfts, and the Cruelty of this A- eftion fo much tranfported the Dutch with Anger, that they ftabb’d immediately all their Prifoners. Xhefe wicked Wretches confefs’d before they dyed, that they had followed the Dutch from Bantm thi- ' '' ' iher, to the Eaft-Indies. tfter, that they went to Jacatra to furprize them with the Jonque laded with Nutmegs; that then they came to Japara, to wait there for them ; and that the day before they came before Cidaia, becaufe the King told them the Dutch were there, and that the two Jongues they faw in the Morning, were fent to draw them in¬ to the Main, in order to an eafier attack; but this was the fuccefsand the end of their Treafon. The Natives loft in that A&ion 150 Men, and the Dutch twelve. The reft of the day was employ’d in throwing the Dead into the Sea. The Inhabitants went to get them up out of the Water, but the Dutch (hot feveral times at them. The day before the Fight, a Dutchman and Ah da l Gy^arate went a-(hoar, and faw a fine Calvacade, vi\. the King richly clothed, and riding on a fine Horfe, attended by 30 Horfe-Men with long Pikes in their Hands, and a great number of Foot-Soldiers with na- •ked Hangers. 1 Before we come to the Defcription of Bantam , an 4 ‘ the other Cities of Java, with their Manners, Cloath- ‘ ing, and other Qualities, as well as the Animals, ‘ Trees and Fruits that grow in that Ifland, we will firlt ' fpeak of its Condition and Situation, and relate ‘what the Journals have omitted, that our Coivimen- ‘ vary joyned with the Text, may give a perfect ‘ knowledge of it. ‘ The Ifland commonly called Java , fometimes cal- ‘ led the Great Java , to diftinguifli it from another of ‘ that name, which is not far off, lies to the Eaft- ‘South-Eaft near the Ifland of Sumatra, and hath 300 ‘ Leagues in Circumference, according to the Opinion ‘ of Paul of Venice. Others think it lies in 7 Deg. of ‘ South Latitude, and runs Eaft-South-Eaft 150 Leagues ‘ in length. As to its breadth, no body could yet know ‘ it exaiftly. ‘ Some imagine its a Continent which joyns to the ‘ Southerly Continent called Magellanica, Terra Aufira- 1 Us incognita, or Terra del Fuego, the Land of Fire. ‘ Whatever it is, ’tis counted an Ifland, and is as 1 fruitful as Sumatra , which is near it. The Learr.- 1 ed Julius C.tfar Scaliger calls the two Java's the 1 Compendium, or Abridgment of the World, becaufe 1 they enjoy Plenty of all things. N 2 ‘And The firft Voyage of the Dutch , ■ And indeed both of them produce a great quanti- t ty of Corn and Fruits, and plenty of Cattle, and of ( all forts of Animals good to eat, which the Inhabi- ■■ rants do fait to transport them abroad. They have ‘ abundance of Silk in the Woods, and Gold Mines | in the Mountains, and the fineft Emeralds in the ■ t World. They produce a world of Pepper, Cinna- ‘ mon, Ginger, and Caffia. In Ihort, they are truly 5 the horns of Plenty. The Inhabitants talk of a lit- ‘ tie River there, which has the virtue to change all forts ‘ of Wood into Stone . 1 The Origine of the Inhabitants of Java, is yet un¬ known. They fay themfelves that they came firft from China, and that their Anceftors to avoid die Ty¬ ranny of the Chinefe, came to java, and made a Colony in that Illand. Their Phyliognomy favours this Opinion, for they refemble the People of Chinn very much, having a flat Nofe, a broad Fore-Head, great Cheeks, and little Eyes like them. ■ Belides, Paul of Venice, who was in the Service of the Tartars, affirms, that the Great java, pay’d for¬ merly Tribute to the Chinefe, and that when the Chi • nefe revolted againft the Tartars, thofe of java re¬ volted in like manner. And to this day many Peo¬ ple of China dwell at Bantam, to avoid the Rigor of the Laws of China. However that be, the Inhabitants of Java had Kings pf their own long fince, and it has happen’d in that Country, as it do’s in all others which have no eftablifh’d Sovereignty, that a great many fet up for Kings. For the ftrongeft made himfelf Sovereign, and by thefe means every Town in Java have their King ; but the King of Bantam is the moft confiderable. There was formerly an Emperor oyer all the petty Kings, but they (hook off that yoke many years agoe. We come now to fpeak of all the Towns of Ja¬ va that are known, and fliall fet out from the Eaft fide. The firft Town on the Eaft quarter is Balamluan ,1 a famous City, furrounded with flanked Walls. They have a King of their own, who was befieged in it when the Dutch arrived before it, as we (hall mention hereafter. Over againft this City there is an Iflanl called Bali, which is very pleafant and fruitful, and .• makes to the Eaft-Iridies. 181 makes the Channel called the Streight of Balam¬ buam. Ten Leagues off-more Towards the North', you find' the City of Panarucan , inhabited by a great many Portuguefe , and by the Natives, who are all Chriftians. It is govern’d by a King who loves the Portuguefe extremely. The Town is (urrounded with Walls, and hath a very good Harbour, much frequented by thd Portuguefe. The molt confiderable Trade is of Slaves, and an infinite number of them is tranfported from thence to Malacca : they alfo fell a pretty deal of long Pepper: And the Womens Clothes which they call Coajarins in their Language, are made at Pana- man. Above it or behind it, is a great Mountain of burn* ing Sulphur, which opened for the firft time .in the year 1586, with fuch violence, that it deftroyed above 10000 Souls. It blew Stones into the very City, and the Country about was cover’d with fo great a lmoak, that it was quite dark, for three days together. The Kings of Balambuam, and of Panarucan , are Hea¬ thens. Pajfarvan is another very pleafant Town, watered by a fine River at the diftance of fix Leagues.from Panarucan. The King of this Palace was befieging Balambuam, when the Dutch were in that Country, and now i’ll tell you the. reafon why he befieged it. . The King of Pajfarvan who was a Moor and Ma¬ hometan, having demanded the King of Balambuams Daughter in Marriage, (he was feat to him with i great Retinue. The very firft. Night, of the Confum- mation of the Marriage, the King at Pajfarvan mur- ther’d her, and all her Retinue, only becaufe (he was not of the fame Religion as he was. After fuch a bar¬ barous A&ion he affembled an Army, and went before Panarucan With a defign to furprize it, but he did nor fucceed, for his Army was routed by the Town. Having gathered the reft of his Troops, he came before Balambuani, and befieged it. He built two Forts upon che River, and put fo good Garrifons in theny that no Ship or Bark could get into the City. The Siege had continued four Months, when the Dutch arri¬ ved upon the Goaft, and the Town fuffer’d very much' fir want of Provifions. . ... „ N y l&f i8z The Firfi Voyage of the Dutch They trade chiefly at Paffarvan in fine and (mail Garnitre, which is a fort of Fruit much like Straw¬ berries. The Quillins Merchants value them very much, becaule they make Beads of them for fcveral ufes. Here is aifo a Manufadture of Callicoes, which are tranfportcd to Bantam, and exchanged there for China Wares. Ten Leagues off Paffarvan more towards the Weft, is the Town of Joartan, lituated upon a fine River with a good Harbour, wherein the Ships coming from the Molu/jties, ftay commonly to take in Refrelhments. This Town is furrounded with a thick Wall. Gcrrici is another Tow n lituated upon the fame Ri¬ ver to the South. The King of this place is fo Great, that the other Kings of Java never fpeak with him, but they holdup their Hands, as Slaves do to their Mafters. Thefe two laft Towns fend great quantities of Salt to Bantam , and feveral other places. The Town of Sarabaia is lituated upon a little Ri¬ ver , and its King is alfo Sovereign of Braniaon, a Town fituated fix Leagues to the Weft of Sarabaia. The King refides at Cidaio, a ftrong Town furroun¬ ded with flanked Walls: -But the Harbor is without Iheiter againft the Winds, and the breaking of the Sea ; and for that reafon no Ships can lye there at An¬ chor in ftormy Weather. Two Leagues oft' to the Nonh-North-Wcft, you find Tab am, a good Town, which hath a King, and is not far off Bantam, the capital City of Java. Caiaon is but five Leagues difiant from Tabaon, be¬ ing fituated to the No'nh-Weft. It has a King, but no manner of trade by Sea, no more than Mandalica- on, where there are not any Sailers but Fifiiermen. The Town oijappara is'fivc Leagues off to the Weft, fi.uated upon a point, which reaches three Leagues into the Sea. It is only inclofed about with Paliffa- dors, it hath a fine River, and a very good Harbor, which is always fuilof Ships. The King is very Po¬ tent by Sea and Land. Ac the diltance of five and twenty Leagues from Jnppara, and forty five from Bantam, is the great City of Matavaon , whole King or Emperor is the greateft Prince of Java, and threatens often to befiege Bantam. to the Eafl-Indies. He is the fame Emperor wetfnentioned before, but he loft his Credit and Authority by his ill Government and Debauchery. , Pari is a Town that lies five Leagues off Jappara to the Weft, and three Leagues farther you find Dau~ m.t, a Town vvalled about, which hath alfo a King ; and three Leagues farther is the Town of Tagga!. Tiiefe three Towns are watered by a fine River, and fituated upon a Gulph. Next to them you fee the great and pleafant City of Cbaraboon , walled about with a thick and ftrong Wall, and watered by a fine River. Dermao is a very pleafant Town fituated upon a Ri¬ ver, as well as Moncaon. Between this and Jap para, lies the great Town Cravaon , whence you pafs into the Ifland , which reach to the Port of Jacatra , this being a great Guiph, with another Royal Town up- When you have paffed the Chanels between the Iflands, you come at laft to the City of Bantam, whofe Harbor is certainly the fineft and the largeft in Java , which makes that City the moft trading Town of all the Neighbouring Towns or Iflands. Therefore we ilia'll give you a large. Defcription of it, having had time enough by the flay we made in it, to know it perfectly. The City of Bant dm is fituated in a low Country, and at the foot of a high Mountain. You mull fail about 25 Leagues between Sumatra and Java, before you come to it: It is watered on both fides by two Rivers, and a third runs through the middle of it. But they are fhallow, and not above three foot deep! Thefe three Rivers are fur rounded with high and big Reeds, inftead of Trees. The City is much' of the fame bignefs as Amjierdam was formerly ; but it is hot to be compared in Beauty or Strength, io the leaft City in Holland, , , • . , The Walls are four Foot thick and more, being built of red Brick : they have no Ramparts nor Para¬ pets, but they are Flanked at equal diftanccs, wf. that of a dories throw. At the Angle of every Flank there is a Cannon, but without ahy preparations to make life of them', becaufe the Inhabitants do not know how to'hkn’dfe' them 1 ,- ah'd' are afraid bf them: j befi'des they N 4 have i8 ? 84 the Firft Voyage of the Dutch have no Ammunition to charge them, but what come from Malacca, where the Ponder Mills are. Then- Cannons are green Brafs. They have abundance of Patereroes, but all lying on the Ground, or upon 1 Sledges without any other Accoutrements. The Gates of the City are not ftrong; nay, you may break them open with a Lever, for they are made of a thin Wood, without Locks, or any Iron upon them; but they are placed fo, that it is hard to approach them; beiides, there is always a ftrong Guard about them. There are no Towers upon the Walls or the Gates; but when they have occafion to (hoot, they raife up Scaffolds three Stories high upon high Mafts, and huge Beams, and afcending by Ladders defend them- felves very well in a Siege. Not long fince the Em¬ peror of Matavaon making great preparations to be- fiegc Bantam , the Inhabitants made a covered way about the Walls upon high Trees, which rais’d ’em to fuch a height, that the Wall which was above the covered way, might ferve as a Parapet, and fo they might ihoot down upon the befieger. This City has bur three long and ftrait Streets, which meet before the Palace called' Paccban. The firft Street goes diredlly from the Palace to the Sea, the other from the Palace to the Country Gate, and the third from the fame Palace to the Gate that leads to the Mountains. They are not Paved, but only Gravelled. You may go by Water in all parts of the City, from one Canal to another ; but in regard they are not broad, and rapid enough to carry off all the Sewers that are continually thrown in, and the Ground being very Marlhy, they ftink moft horribly. Bolides that, the Cuftom of the Inhabitants, both Men and Women, in walking themfelves publickly in thofe Ca¬ nals, contributes very much to fuch a ftink, for they continually trouble the bottom, and make all the Wa* ter muddy and (linking. Every Gentleman or Great Matter, hath a Chappel in his own Houle, but beiides there is a publick Mef- tjuita , or a pretty large Church before the Palace to the Weft lide. The Arfe.ial is at the Eaft of the fame Palace, wherein they keep all Warlike Preparations. To the South is the young King’s Apartment, and the to the Eaft-Indies. j Cbafarc or Governors Lodgings are juft by it. Then come the Stables and other Apartments. The City is divided into feveral Wards, which have every one a Governor to ad in time of War, Fire, or any other Accident. Each Ward has a feparate quarter, and its Drum, which is as big as a Tun of Wine. They beat it with a Mallet hanging to it, when any Diforder happens in the Town. They beat alfo the Tatoo at the break of Day, about Noon, and in the Evening. There is likewife fuch a Drum in the Mcfquite or Church. When they beat the biggeft of all, i oooo Men areaflembled and armed in a very little while, becaufe every body hearing it, knows that it is for fome great .Expedition. They make ufe of fome Bafons of Bell-Metal for Inftrumentsof Mufick, which found much like Bells; and thefe they alfo make ufe of when they make pub- lick Proclamations. They place Centinels in every Corner of the Streets, and at Night all the Boats of the Town are lock’d up, and no body is allow’d to walk. Fifty Men watch all Night in the Palace before the Prifon, and ioor \% before each Gentleman’s Houfe. Almoft all the Houfes are built under Coco Trees, which are planted every where in the City. They are built of Straw and Reeds, fupported by four, eight or ten Wooden Pillars well carv’d. They are cover’d with Leaves of Palm Trees: The lower pare is open to let in the Air; for it is always hot in thac Country : And this they lhut in the Night with Cur¬ tains. They have no Rooms or Garrets above to keep any thing. All thac they have for that Ufe is a. Barn or Warehoufe of Stone one Story high, without Windows, which' lias a Roof cover’d with Straw. Therein they keep what they have: And when any Fire happens, which is there very frequent, they cover the Top of the Roof with thick Trees, and fand o- ver them, to hinder the Fire to come to it. The Partitions of the low Rooms are made of thick Pecds call’d Bambus, fplic and cut like Laths. So their Houfes are foon built, and at a lmall Charge. At the Entry of the Gentleman’s Houfes and Noble¬ mens Palaces, there is a large fquare Place or Court, £ aU’d Pace bam, where the Guards ftand, and where they give The Tirfl Voyage of the Dutch give Audience ro every ;body, under a Hatr cover’d with Heeds, or Leaves of Palm-Trees. The Mefijuite or Chappel, is built in one of the Corners of the Court; and there they never fail to meet and fay their Prayers at Noon. Juft by is a Well, out of which they draw Water to warfi thcmfelves. Going further, you find a Door [and a narrow Alley, wherein are many Corners and By-Places like Gentry- Boxes, for the Slaves, who ftand there to guard and defend their Matters, that they might not be furpriv’d in the 'Night by their Enemies: for they are very falfe and miftruftful one of another • and judging of others by themfelves, truft no body. There is in the City three great Places wherein they keep a Market every day of all forts of Commodities and Provifions, as we lhall tell you hereafter. Be- lides the above-mention’d Houfes, there are fevera! without the Town, and on the Sea-fide, mod of which are inhabited by Foreigners, namely, Maldians, Gy^arates, Bcngales, Abyjfms , 8cc. The Chinefe have a particular Place towards the Weft fide of Bantam, as well as the Portuguese, and there the Dutchmen had their Warehoufe. This part of the Town is defended by good Palifladoes on the Land- fide, and by a Marfh, Which makes it very ftrong, and difficult to be taken by force. It is alfo water’d by a River on that fide ; and if they could but make Wells of frefh Water, they might eafily build a Fortrefs there, by pulling down the Town-Wall which rvins on that fide and along the Shoar, and making ufe of the fame Stone to build it. It is a thing to be wilh’d for, that the Dutch had prevented the Portuguese in that Country, or at lead had been fupefiour to' them ; for then they would not only have had the Trade of the Spices in Java, but alfo that of the Molaqites, Amboina, Banda, Timor, Solar, and other Places. Wc faid already that there is at Bantam a Market e- very day in three Places. The biggeft of them is in the Eaft fide of the Town. There you may fee a Meet¬ ing early in the Morning of Merchants of all Nations, Portuguese, Arabians, 7url{s,Chinefe, Qnillins, Peguans, Maldians,Bengales, Gysarates, Ma!abians,A- byjjins; and in a Word, from all the Indies. This Meeting of fo many Merchants'laftstill'Nirie, at which time they retire. b' to the Eaft-Inciies, In going to the Market you find Women fitting by the Paliffadoes of the Mcfquite or great Church, with Sacks of Pepper, and a Meafure call’d Gantam, which contains about three pounds weight. Thefe Women buy Pepper of the Country people, who bring it to the Market at eight or nine Caxas the Meafure. They arc very cun¬ ning, and have great Experience in that Trade. But you fee alio fome Chinefe, who are more cunning: for they go and meet the Country people in the Road, and buy their Pepper very cheap. Whhin the Paliffadoes of*?he Church you fee on both fides a great many Women, who fell the Sallee call’d Betcll'e , Aracea, Melons and Bananes. Others fell a fort of Fritters or hot Cakes. Then you come to a Place where Men fell all manner of Wea¬ pons and Arms that are made in the Country, on the right fide, and Sugar, Honey and all forts of Sweet¬ meats, on the left. Near that Place they fell Beans by the Meafure of all Colours, White, Black, Red. Yellow, Green, Grey. Then is the Market for Garlick and Onions, before which the Linnen-Drapers and other Merchants walk. The Enfurance-Office for Ships is kept there ; and when the Ship comes home fafe, they get a great deal; but if fhe is loft, they lofe their Mony. On the right-hand of that Place you fee Hens, Kids, Ducks, Pigeons, Parrots, and other Fowls, to be fold. Here is a Triangle, which makes three little Lanes, one of which goes to the China Merchants Shops, the other to the Herb-Market, and rhe third to the Butchers. Going to the China-Shops you find on the right-hand a forry fort of Arabian and Coracun Jewellers, who fell little Rubies, Hiacynths, and other Stones of no value ; and on the left the Bengales fell Enamel and other fmall Wares. Over-againft them you find the rich China Shops full of Silk, Stuffs of all Co¬ lours, Damasks, Velvets, Sattins, Cloth of Gold, Porcclaine, or China , and a World of pretty Toys in feveral Shops. When you go to the fecond Lane, you fee on the right-hand the Shops of the Bengali Merchants, and on the left the Linnen-Drapers for Men. Then the Linnen Markets for Women, where no Man dares enter under a great Penalty. The fir ft Voyage of the Dutch A little further there is the Herb and the Fruit- Market on both fides; and when you come back you fee the Filh-Market- Further on the left-hand you find the Butchery, where they fell all manner of Flefh, as Beef, Mutton, Elk, &c. and a little way further the Spice-Market, where the Women have Shops 'cry well furnilh’d with all forts of Spices, and feveral Druggs, of which we fball fpeak here¬ after. As you go further, on the right-hand you come to the Market for Rice, Earthen-ware and Salt ; and on the left, that of Oil and Coco’s : From whence you re¬ turn by the firft way to the Exchange where the Mer¬ chants aflemble. After you have walk’d all about the Market-place, you meet with another Market near the Palace, call’d Pacebam , where all manner of Vi.duals and Provifions are fold, and fome Pepper. This Market lafts till Noon, and fometimes all the Day long. In the After¬ noon there is another Market every day in that part of the Town where the Chinefe dwell, in which all forts of Provifions and Commodities are fold. The Inhabitants of the Inland Country of Java are Heathens, and follow the Opinion of Pythagoras, be¬ lieving the Tranfmigration or paflage of the Soul from one Body to another; and for. that reafon they eat nothing that is entitl’d to Life. They kill no Ani¬ mals. On the contrary, they preferve them very care¬ fully. Along the Sea-fide, and upon the Coafts, ail the inhabitants excepting a few, are Mahometans, and they embrac’d Mahomctanifm not above fifty or rhrec- fcore Years ago. They acknowledge but four Prophets, Mofes, David, Jefus Cbrift, and Mahomet, whofe Alcoran they obferve very exadly. They have their Mcfquite's or Church¬ es, which no body enters without being wafh-’d. They perform their Devotions with great Modefty and Recollcdion, and have always their Faces towards the Sun, proftrating feveral times their Bodies to the Ground, and faying aloud certain Prayers, as the Po- pilh Priefts do their Breviary. Moft of their Dodors' come from Mecca, a Town in Arabia, where the Sepul¬ chre of Mahomet {lands. to the Eaft-Indies. 189 They keep two IcMfr in a Year. The longeft be¬ gins Augufl 5. and lafts 40 Days, The firft Day of rhefe Lents the Slaves do Homage to their Mailers, as a Mark of their Bondage and Submiflion. They take hold of their Feet, and rub foftly wich their Hands up to the Knees : Then to the Face and the hinder Part of the Head ; and after that they hold up and fpread their Hands. At the End of the Lents they celebrate a Feaft like Eaftcr. One of the Ceremonies of that Feaft, is to fit down in the middle of a Circle with their Legs a- ‘ crofs as Taylors do when they are at work $ and in that pollute they eat and drink together. Mailers, Chil¬ dren, Servants and Slaves, without Diftin&ion. Before the New Moon appears, they get on the Top of their Houfes, or of high Trees, to fee it; and as foon as it appears, they make great lhooting and Ac¬ clamations of Joy. At Bantam one Man may marry three or four Wives; and there are fome Men who have twelve, which is not contrary to the Law of Ma¬ homet, who permits the Plurality of Wives ; and in that City, you will find at leaft ten Women for one Man. But befides their lawful Wives, they alfo keep Concubines, who are Chamber-maids to the firft, and attend ’em when they go abroad. The Concubines may freely lie wich their Mailers if the lawful Wife confents; and Ihe gets much Honour by fuch a Piece of Complaifance. The Concubines Children cannot be fold, though their Mothers are Slave*. They are born for the lawful Wife, as Ifmael was for Sarah. But thefe Mothers-in-law commonly poifon their a- doptive Children. The young Children run about ftark-naked ; only they have a Golden or Silver Scutcheon about the Middle. The Girls wear Bracelets befides. When they are thirteen or fourteen Years of Age, their Parents are oblig'd to marry them, or elfe they will lead a lewd Life j For at that Age young Boys and Girls know all manner of Debauchery. They have befides another Reafon why they mar¬ ry them fo young, to make them their Heirs, and exclude the King from their. Succelfion. For ic is an eftablifli’d Law at Bantam , That when a Man is ' ' ' ’ ' dead, l9o The Firft Voyage of the Dutch dead, the King takes his -Wife, Children, and Eftate, as his own-and makes the Mother a Slave. Now, to prevent this, the Parents marry their Children at nine or ten years of Age, and fometimes younger, e- fpecially thofe that are rich. Women that marry Men of Quality, have for their Portion about a hundred thoufand Coxa's , and fome Slaves, as we were inform’d upon a Marriage made while the Dutch were at Bintom. For the Sabandar then marry’d his fecond Son to a young Lady his Coufin, who had for her Portion fifty Men and fifty young Women, and Three hundred thoufand Coxa's, which amounts to fifty fix Livres, Dutch Mony, or there¬ about. On the Wedding-day the Bridegroom and the Bride , their Parents, Relations and Slaves, are finely dreft, each according to their Quality and Condition. In the Houles of both Spoufes you fee a great Quan¬ tity of Javelins Handing garnilh’d with hanging Tufts of white and red Callico, like fring’d Pieces of Silk that hang on our Trumpets. There is alfo a great Shouting of Potererocs upon fuch Occafions : For they have no great Dexterity in managing fmaller Fire- Arms. In the Afternoon they bring a Horfe ready faddl’d, to the Bridegroom, and he rides through the City till Night; then he returns to his Spoule. During his Cavalcade, the Slaves who are given him by the Marriage, meet him with a Prefent for each of them, and at the fame time bring him the Bride's Portion adorn’d with fevcral Ornaments. Then the Parents on both fides, and the Relations, with the two Spou¬ fes, fit down to a great Banquet: And at laft they are conduiffcd to a low Room with Curtains round a- bout it, where they go to Bed together. Women of Quality are .tept lo very ftriA, that, their own Sons dare not go into their Chamber. When they go abroad, which is very feldom, if any Man, even the King himlelf, meet them by chance in the Way, he is oblig’d to retire, or he will expole himfelf to be bafely abus’d by the Mob. No Man whatfoever dare fpeak with a Woman of Quality without her Husband’s Leave. In the Night-time they chaw Bntclt, which they have always ready by fo the Eaft-Indies. ’em, and now and then a Slave rubs ’em, You can' t diftinguifh rich Women from the Poor by their drefie For when, they go abroad, they have a great piece of Linnen-Cloth or Silk Stuff wrapt about their Body, which reaches above their Breafis, and is girc about their Middle with another piece of Linnen Cloth. They go bare-foot, and have nothing upon their Heads, but their own Hair ty’d at the Top : But when they affift at a great Feaft or Ceremony, they put a Crown of Gold upon their Head, and wear Brace¬ lets of Gold or Silver, They are extraordinary neat, and wafh themfelves four or five times in a day: For they never do any necefTary thing, or ly with their Husbands, without wafhing themfelves all over, and even fwimming pub- lickly without being alham’d. This Cuftom of Bathing publickly, makes the Water very unwholfome : For all forts of lick Perfons, even thofe who are pox’d, wafh themfelves in it. Some Dutchmen having drunk fome of that Water, fell very lick, and fome of ‘emdy’d. The Women of Bantam are extreamly lazy. They fit all day long without doing any thing in the World. The Slaves do all the Work in the Houfe; and the Men only fit upon Mats in the middle of ten or twenty Women, and chaw Betel!. Every time they make Water, one of their Wives wafhes and rubs the Mem¬ ber imploy’d in that Evacuation, till he faith ’tis e- nough. This fort of Work and Exercife pleas’d migh¬ tily the Governor, who took a great Pleafure to keep his Wives long at that Work. And the Dutch were told that he negledled many important Affairs for fo filly a Sport. So the Men pafs their time away in diverting themfelves with their Wives: Sometimes their Slaves play before them upon a fort of Violin with three Strings. They alfo make ufe of Bafons which they beat with Sticks, minding the Cadences; and the Wo¬ men dance a fmooth Dance without much Skipping, turning about very nimbly their Bodies, their Shoulders and Arms. Moft commonly they dance in the Night-time: Then you hear a terrible Noife of Mufick Inftruments and Bafons. In the mean while the Husband fits upon ' ' .. Mats, x 9i 192, The firfl Voyage of the Dutch Mats, and looks very ferioufly upon every one of his Wives, who all endeavour to pleafe and divert him that they may have the Honour to lie with him that Night. ' The Magiftrates of Bantam keep their publick Meetings in the Palace after the Sun-fet, to adminifter Juftice to every body. The Poor as well as the Rich, have Right to come and make their Complaints. Every one is oblig’d to appear in Perfon, and plead his own Caufe. So there is no need of Attornies or Counfellors 5 and the Suit is immediately difpatchd. The Criminals that are condemd'd to die, are ty’d to a Poll and Stabbed. The Foreigners that commit Murthers have that great Priviledge, to redeem their life by a Sum of Money given to the Lord or Ma¬ iler of the dead Man. This Law was made to keep Foreigners from leaving the Country. The Dutch have enjoy’d that Priviledge, which was never granted to the Natives. They always treat about State Affairs in the Night¬ time, and with Moon-light they meet under a very large Tree, and the Affetnbly muft be at leaft com- pofed of five hundred Counfellors, when they refolve to impofe a new Tax of Money upon the Inhabi¬ tants. They tarry under that Tree till Moon-fet, then they part, and go to Bed. And when they are up, they divert themfelves with their Wives till Din¬ ner. After Dinner, they give Audience to any body that has a tnind to propofe any thing to the next Council. And when they meet again, they fet upon the Ground, the King or the Governor being fet in the middle. The King himfelf propofes what is to be done, and asks the advice of every one in particular. As to the affairs of War, the King calls to the Council all the General and under Officers, which are three hundred in number ; and if any thing con- fiderable, or fome great Expedition is refolved upon, thefe 300 Officers command the Inhabitants, who 0- bey them faithfully. If a great Fire happen, the Wo¬ men only without the afliftance of Men, are obliged to put it out, but all the Men are prefentj and well armed to prevent any Robbery or Diforder. When to the Eaft-Indies. 19 j When any of the chief Noble-Men, whom they call • Captains, goes to Court, he hath a Javelin or two, and a Sword with a red or black Velvet Scabbard bora before him ; and'if any Slave of either Sex meet him Walking with chat Ceremony, they mu ft ftep afide and kneel down, till the Noble-Man is patted. The People of Bantam are mighty Proud, and walk with great Pomp, having a fine and rich Handker¬ chief in their Hands, and a Turbant oi fine Linnen Cloth of Bengale upon their Heads. Some wear a little Velvec, ora black or red Cloth Cloak. Their Poniards are tycd to their Girdle, either behind or be¬ fore, and it is the bell Weapon they make ufe of. They are always attended by their Servants, one of whom carries a bunch of Betel, another a Cham¬ ber-Pot, and a third an Umbrella, which he holds o- ver his Matters Head. They go bare-foot, and it is a greac Infamy among them, to walk abroad with .Shoes and Scockins on. Buc in their Houfes they wear Shoes of red Leather made in China, Malacca , or A- clxm. whence they likewife import their Umbrella’s. The Inhabitants of Java are naturally Falfe, Mali¬ cious, and lovers of Murther; they fpare no body’s life when they are the ftrongeft. When a Mart has kill’d another in a Quarrel, knowing that he mutt certain¬ ly dye for ic, he runs in the Streets with fuch a fury, that he wounds and kills every one he meets in hist way, without fparing the Children , till the Mob catches him , and delivers him up to Juftice. But they feldom catch him alive, for they are afraid of being (tabbed, and ic often happens that the Murthe- rer himfelf is (tabbed in many places. They are fuch nimble and cunning Thieves, that.no Nation in the World can furpafs them. Their Hair and Nails are always long, but they file their Teeth. They are of a black-brown Complexion x like the Brazilian!, being ftrong and well draped. Their Face" is flat, their Cheeks broad and high, their Eye-lids large ; their Eyes little, and their Beard thin. They are extraordinary dutiful to their Superiors, and exactly execute their Orders, even to the danger of their Life. They are fo Revengeful, that when ’hey are wounded by their Enemies, they have no' & ‘ ieft 194 77 -^ Fir ft Voyage of the Dutch reft till they have taken Vengeance of them, in kil¬ ling them, or dying themfelves upon the fpot. From this one would judge, that they were bold and intrepid Soldiers; but at the fame time they don’t know how to handle a Cannon or Musket: it is cer¬ tain, that if they were able to doit, they would be Invincible. They have no other Weapons, but long Javelins, Poniards, broad Swords, Daggers, and Woo¬ den or Leather Bucklers. They have alfo a kind of Armor joyned with Iron Rings. Their Poniards are extraordinary well temper’d, and as ’twere Enamelled. The King gives one to every Boy that’s five years old ; for they begin to wear it at that Age. They have no Pay, only in time of War the King allows them Cloaths, Arms, and Rice and Fifh fortheir Diet. Moft of the Soldiers belong to Noble-Men, or rich Merchants, who command them to March, and Difarm them when they pleafe. They arc very good for a fudden Expedition, and for a Surprife. The greateft Riches of the Gentlemen and great No¬ blemen, confift in having a great number of Slaves, for he who has the moft, is counted the Mightieft and Richeft. The Slaves are never idle, having al¬ ways fome work or other to do ; but efpecially that of cutting Wood for the handles of their Daggers, which are made of white Sanders Wood finely carved. They keep their Arms very clean and fhining, which they rub over with Poyfon, and make them fo (harp, that they cut like Razors. They never deep either in the Day Or in the Night, without having their Arms laid under their Head ; nay, they fuffer no body to touch them, for they miftruft every body. And indeed they are in the right, for there is no Man, whether Rich or Poor, Mafter or Slave, but he is capable of an ill Defign, and of a barbarous Action, all of them being the moft Trea¬ cherous People in the World. A Brother never'fpeaks with his Brother, without having his Poniard ready, and three or four Javelins and Bucklers in the Hall of his Houfc. Some of them have Patereroes in the Yard, but without any Ammunition to charge them. They make ufe of Trunks to fling poyfon’d Darts, the point of which being made of Fifh-Tecth, is fo (harp and fo fmall, that when they (hoot at any body, it . to the Haft-Indies. I9f it breaks and 'fticks in the Flelh, and fo caufing an, Inflammation and great Corruption, quickly occafions' ! Death. However, fotne of the Dutch who were lhot ; with thefe Darts, had the fecret to cure the Wounds* 1 at which the Inhabitants were amazed, for they took i ’em to be Mortal. 1 We intimated above, that the Inhabitants of that Coun- ; try have no dexterity in the ufe of Muskets; of which ; I’ll give you only one Inftance. One of them being ; taught by a Dutchman, to flioot a Musket, went out ] of the Town to Hunt or Fowl, and meeting with a | wild Bull, killed him, but at the fame time fell down i himfelf, and broke two of his great Teeth, and his i lowermoft Jaw, and after that accident, he never made | ufe of a Musket again. I .Behind the City of Bantam, and the Coaft of Stm- | itt, at the foot of a Mountain called Gonon Befar, ! where the Pepper grows, there lives a good fort of i'People, who formerly dwelt along the Mountain of 1 Paffdrnan, lltuated to the Eaftern end of Java. Thefe ; People being opprefs’d by the Tyranny of their King, : came a few years agoe with the confent of the King ! of Bantam, under fome Conditions, to fettle them- fclves under the Mountain of Gonan Befar , where they ; have built a Town called Sura, in which their King refides. They have alfo built feveral other Towns, in and about the Neighbouring Country. They live together very peaceably, and apply them- felves to Manure the Ground. They eat nothing chat hath life, following in that the opinion of Pythagoras, and the Maxiins of the Brackjnans or Indian Priefts. All the Inhabitants of Java were of the fame opini¬ on before the Mahometan Religion got footing in that place. They are extream fober, and never marry; their Cloathing is a large piece of white Paper, made of the Bark of Trees; girt about their Body’s, with a- nother piece upon their Head. In fhort, they lead a Philolbphers life. They carry Pepper and Fruit to Bantam to fell. There is another fort of People in Java, who till the Ground, and farm the Kings Demefn, and Lords Eftates, paying them in Rice, or in Caxas. They call them Cattivas del Bey, the King’s Captifs, O 2 Gentle^ The firjl Voyage of. the Dutch Gentlemen and rich Merchants have their Farms and Country Houfes , wherein they keep Slaves to Manure and Improve the Ground, who bring to their Mafters all forts of Fruits, Pepper, Rice, Coco-Nuts, Hens, Goats, &c. Sometimes the Slaves farm thefe Eftates, but they mull be very careful and exadl to pay their Mailer. For that reafon they choofe rather to be Day-La¬ bourers, for they get 800 Caxas in a Day befides their Diet, or tooo without the Diet. Others have nothing but Victuals and Cloaths. There are fome that work fix days for their Ma¬ fters, and fix other days to maintain their Families, . byFifhing, Tilling the Ground, or by any other Trade, but they mull be very faithful ■ for if they cheat their Mafters in the leaft thing in the World, they fell them, or tie a Log of Wood with a Chain about them, which they always carry; or elfe punilh them fome other way. The Women Slaves mull lifcewife earn a certain Sum of Money for their Mafters. Some fit every day in the Market, and fell all forts of Commodities: Ci¬ thers Spin and Weave I.inncn Cloth, and are all day long bufie in getting Money for their Mafters, and their Family. When they have a mind to fell a Slave, they lead him from one Houfe to another, and he who gives moll, hath the Slave. They fell commonly for five Vanlos. that is about nine I.ivers of Dutch Money. The Children born of thel'e Slaves, belong by right to their Mafters, who may difpofe of them as they pkafe, but cannot kill them, without the King’s or Go¬ vernor’s confenr. The Merchants born in Bantam Town are very Cunning, great Difiemblers, and falfe to Strangers, tho' they are mere fincere among themlelves. They very often adulterate Pepper, by mixing with it black Sand and little Stones, to make it heavier. They trade in all the Neighbouring Iflands, where they Import and Export leveral forts of Merchandife They bring from the Iflands of MacaJJer and Somittti). a fort of .Rice called Brafs , and give two hundred Caxas for the G.mtam or Meafure , which is three pounds weight Holland Weight, and fell it again for* to the Eafl-Indies. thoufand Caxas, more or lefs according to the Seafon, which makes but three pence, and nine Deniers Dutch Money. Great quantities of Coco are tranfported from Ba- lanbuam to Bantam. They buy a hundred pounds weight for a thoufand Caxas, and fell it again in Ban¬ tam at the rate of eight pounds for a Santa, i. e. 200 Caxa's. They alfo import great quantities of Oyl made of Coco-Nuts, and put up in Earthen Pots. From Joartam, Genici , Pati, Juama , and other Neighbouring places, they tranfport a great deal of big Salt, of which they buy 800 Gant.ims for 150000 Caxas , and fell three Gant aim at Bantam fora thou¬ fand Caxas. Oftentimes they export it again to feve- ral places of Sumatra, and exchange it for Lacca, Pep¬ per, Benjamin, Cotton, Tortoife-lheils, and other Com¬ modities Sugar, Honey, and Bees-wax, come from Jacatra, Japara, Cranaon, Timor, Palimkm, and other places, and are fold in Bantam. Abundance of dry Filh come alfo from Carvaon and Bandcrmajjin. Crimata, a Town fituated to the Sou¬ therly end of the Illand of Borneo, fends to Bantam a great deal of Iron. Barnica, a very high Illand, fur- nilhed Bantam with Pitch and Tar. Peru and Gufe- kn, upon the Coaft of Malaga, near Cuda, furnilhes Pewter and Lead. Bali and Cambaia, fends them Cot¬ ton and Callico Garments ready made. The rich Merchants ftay at home, and never Tra¬ vel. When Ships are ready to Sail, they give a Sum of Money to the Matters or Pilots, on condition to have it double, when they return fafe ; fometimes more or lefs, according as the Voyage is long or (hort, of which they draw up Articles: And as foon as the Ship is return’d into the. Harbor, the Merchant is im* mediately paid, or in 'default of Payment, the Ma¬ tter gives his Wife and Children in Pawn, till the Merchant is fatisfied, except in cafe of Ship-wrack, or fuch other Accidents. They write Gontra&s and all other Writings upon Leaves of Trees, with an Iron Style or Pin, and then roll them’ up ; but they bind Books very neatly with little Cords, between two fine Boards. They alfo write upon China Paper of all colours, which is ex¬ traordinary fine and dean, O 3 They The Firfi Voyage of the Dutch They have no Printing, but they write a very good Hand. Their Letters or Chara&ers are twenty in number, by which they exprefs every thing. The Cha¬ racters are Malaian, for they fpeak the fame Lan¬ guage, which is eafie to fpeak and learn. All the In¬ dians and the IJlandcrs underftand the Malaian Tongue. But there are Schools at Bantam to learn Arabick, which is much in ufe there. The Perjians at Bantam, whom the Javancfc call Caracons, iubfift by trading in Drugs and Precious Stones. They are very fine and knowing Merchants, of a fweet and civil Humour, True and Plain Deal¬ ers, loving Strangers, and the molt Obliging and Ho¬ nourable Men in the World. The Arabians and Peguans trade by Sea, they trans¬ port Merchandife from one Town to another, and buy a great quantity of China Wares, which they take in exchange for the other Merchandise they bring from the Iflands. The Malaians and QuiSins Merchants are Pawn- Brokers, and lend Money at a vaft Intereft. The Ga^arates are poor, and ferve as Mariners, and they help the Brokers to put out their Money. All thefe Perfons of fo many different Nations, are cloathed with fine Callico, and wear Turbants. As loon as a Stranger arrives at Bantam, he buys a Wife for his ufe, for the Day, and for the Night. And when he returns, he fells her, but takes the Children with him if fhe hath any, and gives the Mother liberty to marry whom fhe pleafes. The China Merchants, as we faid before, live in. a quarter furrounded with ftrong Paliffadoes, and a Marfh. Their Houfes arc the fineft in the City. They are very Ingenious, and Diligent, and know their own Intereft, as well as any Nation in Bantam ; they keep a good Table, but are lookt upon as great Ufurers, as well as the Portuguese Jem. They buy Pepper at the firft Hand, and go from one Village to another with their Weights in their Hands to weigh it; and fo'they buy it as cheap as they can, obferving carefully the condition and the need of the Sellers. When they have bought a great Stock, they embark it in China Ships, which come for that pur- pofe. They fell commonly two Sacks for a Cari, and gave but the fame price for eight Sacks. Thefe to the Eaft-Indies! 199 Thefe Ships come every year to Bantam in the Month of January, and carry fifcy Tuns. The Mo¬ ney they bring is currant in Bantam, as well as in the whole Ifland of Java , and the other adjacent Iflands. They call it Cas in Malaian, and Pin's in the Java Language. It is of a very bad Allay, being thinner than a Farthing, and withal, nothing but a piece of Lead melted, and mixed with a little Copper Drofs, which makes it fo brittle, that when you let a Bag of ’em fall, mod: of them, break in pieces. And if you leave them only one Night in fait Water, they cake and flick together fo faft, that you cannot part them without breaking of them. This Money is made in China, in the City of Chin - cheo. It wasfirft tranfported to Java in the year 1590 for the following Reafons. Wantai King of China, feeing that the great quanti¬ ty of Caxas coyned in the Reign of Huyien his Pre- deceffor had fill’d all the Neighbouring Iflands, and were fo common, that his Subjc&s did not know what to do with them, for that they were not then currant in China it felf, where the People pay nothing in Money , but with little bits of Silver , which they weigh againft Con Juris , or fmall red Beans which have a black fpot on one fide. tVantai I fay, found a remedy for this inconvenience, by making the Cax- as of a worfe Allay than they were before, to the end, that their aptnefs to break, might render them fcarcer. But this Contrivance proving infufficient to fink ’em in time, King Hommion who fucceeded Wantai, melt¬ ed them all again, and made their Allay yet worfe, when the Dutch were at Bantam. This is the reafott why the Caxas are valued fo little. They are punch¬ ed in the middle, and ftring’d with little twifts of Straw, two hundred in one Twift, which is called Santa, and is worth nine Deniers. Five Santas tied together, make a thoufand Caxas, or a Sapoon. The Dutch had twelve or thirteen thoufand of ’em for a piece of Eight. The old Caxas are moft all broke and melted, and are no currant Money. When the new ones came our, they gaye 10000 of them for fix Sacks of Pepper; Q 4 but 400 Fie Firfl Voyage of the Dutch but now that the China Ships are arrived, you have j ooooo for two Sacks, or two and a half. Thefe Ships import likewife China Ware, both fine and courfe. When they arrive, you may buy five or fix great Difhes of the two forts for a thoufand Caxas, ’which is about Six-pence ; but if you day longer, you have but two or three, and hardly that for the fame price. They alfo bring fine fowing Silk of all co¬ lours, and little pieces of fourteen or fifteen Ells of Silk Stuffs, and feveralother curious Mcrchandife. When they return back they lade them with Pep¬ per, all the Lacca that comes from T olomham. Anil, Sanders Wood, Nutmegs, Cloves, Tortoifc Shells, of which they make in China very fine Trunks and Ca¬ binets, and Elephants Teeth , of which they make Chairs fo well wrought, that they are more valued than Silver ones, and the Mandarins and Viceroys make ufe of them. The China Merchants at Bantam , diftill a great deal of Coco Wine to make Brandy, which is very good. Thofeof them that the Dutch faw there, had a very ordinary Meen ; they had great Eyes, the Skin dretcht upon a flat Face, a broad Forehead, and long black Hair tied, and twided together over their Head, with a lirtle Net over ir, which is very fine, being made of Hoife-hair, and tyed very hard. They have very little or no Beard. As for their Rel gion, way of Living, Manners, and other Quali¬ ties, we (hall touch upon thefe hereafter. Every body knows that the Portuguese have traded in the Eafl-Indies, thefe fix fcore years and above. Accordingly they built Forts in all the places where they thought to gain any Profit. Mod of thofe Forts itand to the Weil of the Streight of Malacca. But they could not build any in the Iflands, which lye on the Eaft of that Srreight, nor in China, nor in Jar ■pan. They have fpread themfelvcs over all the In¬ dies, and trade by Sea from one place to another in Fujies, which arc very light Veffels. They live in Bantam, ip the fame Part of the Town where the China Merchants live, neither of thefe two Natio: s being permitted to dwell within the Walls. Their Comirierce is chiefly in Pepper, Cloves, Nut* tnegs, Sanders Wood, long Pepper, and other Drug! ; .. • that to the Eaft-Indies. zoi that grow in the Eafl-lnaics. Thwgive in exchange Linnen Cloth, and ocher Commodifies fenc to them by their Superiors from '4 il icca ;■ for thofe of Bantam are but Fa&ors -ere many Inhabitants have embraced the Chnftcn Religion. They wear long Breeches after the Indian and Perfian mode ; but they go barefoot attended by their Slaves, one of whom holds an Umbrella over their Head. They haveFuftes and great Galleys at Bantam, but they can hardly preferve them, for they crack and o- pen, though they keep them under a Roof to prevent fuch Accidents. They make life of them upon Expe¬ ditions or Sieges, but ’tis a long while before they get ’em ready to fail. Their Galiots are much like thofe in Europe, fa- ving that they have only a Gallery at the Stern, and the Slaves or Rowers fit by themfelves under the Deck, in Chains. The Soldiers are above them upon the Deck, that they may fight with more liberty. They have two Malts, and four Patereroes planted in the fore-part. The P raos or Pirogues ferve to Cruife and Guard all the Illands againft Pirates and other Accidents; they alfo make ufe of them to run Goods without paying the Duty. They have a Deck made like a Roof of a Houfe, as well as the Pleafure-Barges, and no body can go to the Stern, but by going over the Deck. They have a great Malt, and a Mizzen-Maft, at the top and bottom of which is a long Reed. The Sails are made of twifted Herbs, or Leaves of Trees. Six Men row at the forepart, and two fit at the Stern to fleer ; for they have two Helms, one on each fide, and a Reed in the middle, fattened with a Rope under the Stern. All Jonques, and the other Velfels of that Country, have alfo two Helms. Jcnques have a Sprit-Matt, a Fore-Matt, a Great Matt, and a Mizzen-Maft ; as alfo a Deck made like the Roof of a Houfe, which flickers them from the Sun, the Rain, and the Dew. They have no other Appartments befides the Captain’s, or the Matter’s Cham- zoz The Virfi Voyage of the Dutch Chamber, and but a Bolc-forit Sail in the fore-part r The Hold is divided into leveral Partitions, wherein they flow the Goods; and ’tis in this place that their Chimneys are. The Mariners of ’Bantam have no Sea Maps, for they don’t know how to ufe them. It is not long lince they made ufe of the Compafs, and they are be¬ holden to the Portuguese for it. Formerly they knew but eight Rumbs of Wind, becaufe there are but two Cardinal Winds, which blow all the year long. One of thefe is the North-Eaft, which they call Ceilaon, and which continues from Ottober, to the end of March ; then the Currents run with fuch Rapidity towards the Eaft, that in that time the Dutch failed eleven days without advancing forward. The other is the Eaft-South-Eaft, called by them Timur , which blows all the reft of the year, and the Currents carry them to the Weft with the fame violence, as they did be¬ fore to the Eaft. No body holds the Helm, but two Pilots, who al¬ ways coaft along, fo they need no Sea-Maps. A world of thofe Pirogues are made in Bandermaffin , a Town in the Eland of Borneo , where you may buy one laded with Bees-wax, Rice, dry Filh, and other products of the Country, at a cheap rate. They build a great many Foifts, called Cathurs at Lajfaim, a Town in Java , fituated between Char a li¬ on and Japara, where they have plenty of good Tim¬ ber. ' In fine, there is a great quantity of Ships in the Eajl-Indies , but fo fmall, that the biggeft Jon quo the Dutch- there faw, did not carry above forty Tuns. But the Ships of China and Pegu are larger. There is in Java a fort of Boats which run fo fall, that it is almoft incredible. They are made of the Bo¬ dy of a hewn Tree, very (harp before, and round un¬ derneath; and lead they fhould over-turn, they put on both Tides, of the Boat two big Reeds, at the di- Itance of a Fathom from her, tying them to two flicks, which are fattened to the forepart, and to the Stern, and by that means the Boat carries fo great a Sail, .hat one admires to fee it run, and to perceive that v hen under fail, (he is not over-fet by the Wind. But in cafe of fuch an accident, there would be no great danger, for the Inhabitants can fwim very well. Wheti to the Eaft-Indies. When they travel by Sea, they always take their Wiveswith them, and they wonder’d to fee the Dutch in fo long a Voyage without their Wives. To ob¬ lige the Dutch, they once lent them a Woman on board, but the Dutch fent her back again. As for the ^niinals found in the Ifland of Java, fuch are Elephants, which they tame very eafily, and let out afterwards to work ; and the Rhinoceros, which are great Enemies of the Elephants, and have Horns over their Nofes, which preferve from any Poyfon, according to the Opinion of fome Authors, and of which the Dutch bought fome pieces. The Iflarid of Java hath plenty of Stags and Hinds, but it is very hard to catch them, becaufe of the thick— nefs of the Woods, except you kill them with Fufils, which the Inhabitants make no ufe of. These is alfo a great quantity of wild Bulls, Buffles, and wild Boars, befides tame Bulls, Cows and Buffs, which give a great deal of Milk, not to mention their nume¬ rous Sheep, and delicate Goats. In the remote!! parts of Java, you find feveral forts of Apes and Wheafees, which divert the Travellers by their Poftures. You alfo find a great many wild Pea¬ cocks, Parrots, and an infinite number of Birds. The Rivers are full of Crocodiles, who attack Men upon the Water, and drag them to the bottom. The Chinefe have a fecret of catching, taming, and fatning them, and they fay their Flelh eats very well. You likewife find a world of Civet-Cats, which they call Caftory, but the inhabitants don't know the ufe of Musk, as they do in Guinea, where it is whi¬ ter, finer, and far better than any where elfe. In the Ifland of Java and Madagafcar, we met with a great many Cameleons. The Dutch found a Sala¬ mander in a Tree, in a little Ifland in the Bay of Anton Gil : She was two Spans in length, and had a very fharp Snout, great Eyes, the Back and the Tail long and fmooth, and four great Claws, This was a horrid and dreadful fpe&acle. The Dutch bought in the Ifland of Santa Maria, two little Beads of the bignefs of Rabbets, which had a (harp fnout, and did grunt like Hogs. Their Body was cover’d with Hair ftanding on end like the Quills of Porcupipes, they had but fliorc Feet, and were ve¬ ry The firfi Voyage of the Dutch ry eager. They catch’d them in a Canal of fair Water, between that Ifland and another which is near. it Upon the Southerly Coaft of Madagafcar, you fee a world of little Cats, who live upon a fort of Fruit called Jamarins, which groweth upon Palm-Trees. They have a long Body, a tharp Snout, fhort Feet, and a long fpotted Tail. There is two forts of Pullets in Java ; fome are like ours in Europe, and others are half Turkeys, being of a ftrang e Species; for they are fo cholerick, and fight one againft another with fo great fury, that the Inhabitants take a great delight to fee them, ty¬ ing little Lancets to the Spurs of the Cocks, till one hath kill’d the other, and they bet very high up¬ on the event. The owner of the Vi&orious Cock becoming Mafter of that that is killed, brings it home and eats it. The Dutch found alfo in Java, a fort of well tailed Fowl, whofe Flefh and Bones and Fea¬ thers were black. ‘ You fee a great quantity of Elephants in Ethio ‘ pi a, and in the States of Prefter John, behind the I- ‘ Hand Mofambickj where the Cafres and Negros kill ‘ them to fell the Teeth to the Portuguese. You find * alfo many of them in the Indies, and efpecially in ‘ Pegu, where they hunt them with a great multitude ' of People, and tame Elephants. They drive them ‘ into an inclofed place, a thoufand at a time, take as ‘ many as they want, and let the reft go. ‘ They tame them by degrees, by Threatnings, ‘ Hunger, Third, and other Methods, till they tin- ‘ derftand the Voice of their Teacher; then they ‘ anoint them with Oyl : walk them, and give them ‘ any thing they love to eat, which makes them at ‘ laft as tame and as fubmiiftve, as any Man can be, ‘ and indeed one may fay, they want nothing bin ‘ Speech ‘ The bed and the mod underftanding Elephants in ‘ the World, are found in the Ifland of Ceylon, and if \v: ‘ belieye the Indians, the other Elephants refpedt them. ‘ All manner of Burdens, as Tuns, Sacks, Packs, ‘ ate tranfported from one place to another by Ele- ‘ phants. • The Carrier rides on the Neck of the Ele¬ phant, with his Feet under his Ears, and a Hook in to the Eaft-Indies. ‘ his Hand, with which he pricks him in the Head be- ‘ tween the Ears, where the Tefticles are placed, and ‘ that makes them fo fenfible, and fo eafie to be ra- ‘ rned. ‘ When the Elephant is brought near the Load he is to carry, the Carrier tying the Pack with a Cord, orders him to take it up. The Elephant prefently takes up the Cord with his Trunk, turns it with his Teeth, draws the end of the Cord into his Mouth, and fo carries the Pack. But if you would have him carry it a Ship-board, then the Elephant goes to the Water-lide, and throws the Load into the Veflel; but if it is a Tun, he goes to fetch fome ftones with his Trunk,and placing them under the Tun, he gives a pu(h to it with his Teeth, to try whether he can roll ir away to the Ship. ‘ The Elephants feed upon Rice and Water. They lie down to deep, and bend the Knees, and other Members like other four-footed Animals. In the Win¬ ter when it begins to Rain they turn hot, and grow fo furious, that it is impoflible to rule them. In thar cafe they take them out of the Town to the Fields, where they tie them by the Legs to a huge Tree with an iron Chain, and leave them there till their fury is over, which lafts from April till September. Afterwards they are as tame as before. You ought to take a great care not to affront or hurt them, for they never forgive till they are revenged. ‘The Inhabitants of .Ceylon and Pegu, wage War with Elephants. They tie Swords to their Teeth, and lay wooden Towers over their Backs, wherein are five or fix Men to (hoot with Arrows or Muf- kets. It is ftrange, that thefe great and ftrong Ani¬ mals are frighted at the fight of a Cat, a Moufe, or an Indian Ant. They have perhaps a natural ap- prehenfion, that they would get into their Trunk. ‘ When they have a mind to couple, the Male gets on a high Ground, and the Female under. When they travel, they make fo great a noife with their Feet, and with the lhaking of their Ears, that one may hear them a great way off. ‘ Upon occafion they run as faff as a Horfe. They are Ambitious and Proud, but never forget any kind- nefs done to them, exprefiing fometimes their Grati- * rude 10 $ 20 6 The Firjl Voyage of the Dutch 1 tude, by bowing down their Head to theirBenefadtotSi ‘ when they pafs by their Houfes. ‘ As for the Rjsinocercte, called Abaci a by the Indians, 1 you find many of them in Bengale, and P atari?. They ‘ are Icffer, and not fo high as Elephants, and have * over the Nofea lhort Hotn, which is (harp at the ‘ end, , and thicker near the Nofe, being of a deep ‘ blewilh or whitilh colour. Their Snout is much ‘ like that of a Hog; their Skin is wrinkled, which ‘ makes them look as if they were all overfealy. ‘ When they drink, all other Animals who are pre- ‘ fent muft forbear drinking till they have done. They * cannot drink without dipping their Horn in the Wa- ‘ ter, becaufe it is fo near the Mouth. Their Horn, * Teeth, Nails, Flelh, Skin, Blood, and even their Ex- ‘ crements, are very much valued, and fought for by ‘ the Indians, as a fovereign Remedy for many Di- ‘ (tempers. Some are of opinion, that Rhinoccrotes are ‘ the lame as the Unicorns, which were fo com- * mended by the ancients, tho' never yet feen in any ‘ place of the World. ‘ The ancient writers thought, that the Camelions ' lived upon the Air and the Wind. You fee a great ‘ many of them in the Indies, and they never hurt any ‘ body. Pliny reports, that the Camelion hath the fi- ‘ gure and lhape of a Lyon, though no bigger than ‘ a Lizzard. He is eight or nine Inches long from ‘ Head to Tail, and about five Inches thick. His Legs ‘‘are three Inches in Length. His Skin is rough, and ‘ lull of little knobs, and the Back bone very lharp. ‘ The colour of Camelions changes according to ‘ the feveral Objedfs they are oppofed to, lor natu- ‘ rally they are of a blackilh colour. They roll their ‘ Eyes perpetually, and very quick, but have no Eye- 1 lids. We know by Experience, that they live upon ‘little Flies which they catch, and caft out Excre- ‘ ments. ‘ All over the Indies there’s an infinite multitude of ‘ Ants, which do incredible Mifchief. You cannot ‘ leave any thing in the World in their way, whether ‘ Cioaths, Linnen Cloth, but it is prefently co- ‘ ver’d with Ants, they will eat through a Loaf of ‘ Bread in a Moment. To avoid fuch Mifchiefs, the ‘ Indian Trunks or Cupboards ftand off the Ground ‘ upon to the Eaft-Indies. upon little Pillars, and under each Pillar they put ‘ a Pan full of Water, which muft be always kept ‘ full, and the Trunk or Cupboard muft not touch the 1 Wall, or elfe the Ants will fpoil all that is in them. They 4 put alfo the fame Pans fullofWater under the Bedfteds ‘and Tables, tofecurethemfelvesagainft them. Thofe ‘ that keep Birds, are alfo obliged to perch them upon a ‘ long ftick made on purpofe, with VelTels full of Wa- ‘ ter underneath, or the Birds will be eat up by the ‘ Ants. There is another kind of Infecfs which is red, ‘ and about an Inch long, and creeps upon the Ground, ‘ doing a great deal of mifchief to the Trees and Herbs. In Java and other Countries of the Indies there grows a certain Tree called Fattfcl by the Arabians, Pinan by the Malaians, and Artequeon by the Portuguese. Upon the Fruit of this Tree they trade mightily in the Indies, and efpecially in the Countries where it doth not grow. It is much like the Coco-Tree, but a little thinner, with • narrower and ftiorter Leaves. It's Fruit refembles Dates: it is covered firft with Hulks, till it begins to flower; then it opens, and the Hulks fall, while the Fruit hangs upon the Boughs, fomeof which are bigger, fomeleffer. They have no particular tafte, but fill your Mouth with moifture, rendering it red as Blood, and the Teeth black. The Indians file their Teeth, and rub them with a certain Herb, which makes them as white as Ivory. The Natives of Java and other Indians, eat that Fruit like the leaves of Betel, mixing it with a fort of Lime made of Oyfter-lhells burnt, but in fo fmall a quantity, that they can get no harm by it. Betel groweth like Pepper, Peafe, or Hops, running to the tops of Trees of Reeds, the Stalk is thin and eafie to break : The Leaves much like thofe of Ci¬ tron Trees, but longer and fharper at the end, with Threads or Filaments. The ripeft are counted the beft, though fome Women don’t love them fo ripe, becaufe they eat more crifp. You feldom fee any Natiff of Java or an Indian, but be is chawing Betel and Arecca, mixt together with Lime. They cannot forbear it, even when they fpeak to the King, or to any Noble-Men. The firft and greateft Regale to all Vifiters is the Betel Kings, lords, and rich Men, when they go abroad, or ftay 207 7 he firft Voyage of the Dutch at home* fitting or (landing, have always a Servant, who carries a little filver Kettle full of Betel, with all its Neceflaries, vi%. fevcral Arenas , and little Tongs to break them when they are hard, and a little Box full of Lime. When an Embaflador goes to the King’s Audience, he finds him always upon his Bed, or fitting upon the Ground upon a Carpet, with an Officer by him, who holds in a Kettle fome Betel, which the King chaws continually, and fpirs out into a filver Bafon, which another Officer holds by him: and it is a great ho¬ nour when he invites the Embaflador to chaw fomfe Betel with him. In (hort, the Indians are fo much ufed to it, that they would think it impoflible to live without Betel; for they not only chaw it in the Day-time, but alfo in the Night when they are awake. They fay it ftrengthens the Stomach, hardens the Gums, and flops Vomiting, a Diftemper very common in that Country, if not prevented by Betel. They alfo allure you, it is very good againft a (link¬ ing Breath, and the Scurvy, and indeed you fee very few Indians lick of thatDifeafe ; nay, the oldeft Peo¬ ple will tell you, they never had either the Tooth-ake or rotten Teeth. Women never go to Bed with their Husbands with¬ out chawing Betel, thinking it is very good for the (port. It is fold in every corner of the Streets, and in all the Shops, even in the travelling Roads ready pre¬ pared, that is to fay, with Arena and Lime; fome add for thofe that love it Cate , i. e. a kind of lit¬ tle Cake or Fritter, made of a certain Wood or Tree. They take firft a piece of Arecca, and of Cate, which they chaw a little, then they take a little leaf of Betel, (lipping it off its firings with the nail of the Thumb, which they let grow not round, as in Europe, but to a (harp point for this purpofe: after that they powder rhefe Filaments with Lime, and then roll it together, and chaw it. The Spittle that they void, is like black Blood, which comes from the Arecca, but they fwal- low the moifture that comes from the reft. The Portuguese Women are fo ufed to it now, that they are as greedy of Betel, as the Indian Wo* to the Eaft-Indies. aop men. There is a great plenty of it in an Ifland be¬ hind the Streight of Stinda, called Pulo Seveffi , where it grows naturally, without being planted. The In¬ habitants of Java fail thither, arid lade their Pirogues with it. However being wet, they cannot take it, or clean it without great trouble ; for it is twilled with Nettles, and when you have taken out the Nettles, you muft be three or four days to make it fit to be tranfported. The Arecca, befides the qualities above mentioned, makes one drunk, when you have chaw’d a certain quantity of it; for then you areas fudled, as if you had drunk Wine all day long. But you are Well again in a little time. The Ifland of Java produceth alfo a fort of excel¬ lent fruit called Mango. It groweth upon Trees much like Walnut-Trees, with many Boughs, but a few Leaves. It is about the bignefs of a Goofe-Egg, .long, and of a green yellow colour, fome times reddilh. It has within it abigftone, with a pretty long ker¬ nel, which is bitter when you tafteir raw ; but when roafted upon Coals, has the tafteof an AcOrn roafted. It is extraordinary good againft Worms, and the Bloo¬ dy Flux. Mango is ripe in October, November , and December , and is very plentiful. When it is ripe and full grown, it is better than the belt Peaches. They pickle them when they are green, with Gar- lick and green Ginger, arid eat them as we do Olives. So prepar'd, they tafte rather lharp than bitter, and they call them M mgas d’ Achar. There is another fort of M ingas , Which the Portuguese call Mangas Bra¬ ves. It is a (harp poyfon, with which they'pdyfon one another; for if you do buttaft it you die prefently, and there is no remedy yet found againft it. That fatal fruit is of a lively green colour, arid full of white juice. The ftone is cover d with a hard Peel, and it is about the bignefs of a Quince. Amines are a fine Fruit, and indeed the belt in the Indies. They grow near the ground, upon a (harp well-fpread Plant, much like the Sempervive in Spain l they are green at firft, then while they are ripening they grow yellow Or Gold colour, arid reddilh. They open' like a Pine-Apple, and_ for that reafori, the Spa¬ niards called them Piuat in Mraiil ; but they arc ty 1 * -va aio The Firft Voyage of the Dutch and eafie to cut. They are yellow on the infide, and of an agreeable fmell; if you dip them in Wine they taft like Peaches ; but you muft not eat many of them, for being very cool, they- are Aguifh. The juice is fo (harp, that if you leave the Knife that cut it only one Night without wiping it, it is all over rufty the next day. A little bunch of leaves grows about the Fruit, which being planted grows again, and brings forth Fruit, though you keep it a fortnight dry. The CanarinscaWv: Ananafa ; the Brazilians, from whence it came firft, Nana, and in Hifpaniola, and the other parts of America, it is called Jajama. It is as big as a Citron, or a little Melon, and has a fine colour, and go.od tafte, afar off it looks like an Artichoak, but its leaves don’t prick. The Plant that produceth it is about the bignefs of a Spanifh Car- Anus, and hath much fuch another Root. Each Plant brings forth but one fruit that grows in the middle of the Stalk, and a few fmall ones upon the fides, which come fometimcsto be ripe. It is of an eafie Digeftion, but when you eat too many, it heats the Blood, and caufes a great pain in the Gums. It ripens in Lent-time: its Juice rafts like fweet Wine, which makes it fo pleafant to eat, and really it is the beft and the moft delicate fruic in the World. Samaca is another fort of Fruit which groweth in Java. It has the bignefs of a Lemon, with a reddift green, being full of Juice, and of a (harpifli tafte; within it has a little black ftone, its Leaves are like thofe of a Lemon-Tree, but a little rounder. They preferve them with Sugar,.and make ufe of them as T amarins againft Inflammations, and burning Fevers. You find alfo in Java plenty of Tamarins, or T.f- marimbas, a fruit which groweth upon high and large Trees, the Leaves of which are like Burnet Leaves, only they are longer. The Flowers are at firft red, like thofe of Peach and Almond-Trees, but afterwards they grow white, and have long Fibres, out of which the fruit is formed. . When the Sun fets, the Leaves gather round the Fruit to preferve it from the Cold, and as foon as it rifes in the Morning, they open again. The Fruit is green to the Eafi-Indies. green at firft, but when it is ripe and dry, it is Alh- coloured and Reddifli. • ’Tis cover’d with green husks about an Inch long, of a tawny brown colour. The tafte of the Fruit is lharp , and much like that of dry’d Plums. In every husk there are four or five Beans of a brown coluur, which on the out fide are covered with what they call T amarinbo, a fort of clam¬ my fubftance, flicking to ones Fingers, with Which the Indians feafon their ftewed Meat. It is really an excellent Sawce, and ferves them as Verjuice in ma¬ ny parts of Europe, for it has a Iharpilh and pleafant tafte. Tamarins grow in barren ground, Phyficians make ufe of them againft continual Fevers, Coftivenefs, and the heat of the Liver and Reins. Infufe but a little at Night in Water, drink it the next Morning, it will certainly loofen your Body very gently. They pickle them with Salt, or preferve them with Sugar to fend them to Europe. There is a world of Tamarins in the Southerly part of Madagafiar , where they grow very fine and large, being the ordinary food of the Natives. The name Tamarins comes from Arabia , where they call the Dates Tamar, therefore they call them Tamarindi, that is to fay, Indian Dates ; buc the Inhabitants of Java. call them Sunda A/fa ; thofe of Madagafcar Quilli ; of Malabar , Paly, and the other Indians, Ambily. The Trees are much like Chefnut or Walnut Trees, full of Leaves, and of a ftrong compad Wood. The Fruit hangs like (heath's of Knives, only they are bent like Bows. When you tranfport Tamarins, you mull take them out of the husks, and make balls of them as big as your Fift. They are mighty cheap in the Indies , for there is great plenty of them. We faid before, that the Pepper Plant which grows in Java, runs upon great Reeds called by the Inhabi¬ tants Manbus, the inlide of which is full or a Subfta'nce called Tabaxir : However the Dutch having cut fome of them, found nothing in thefe Reeds. The reafori why the Manbus of Java have no Tabaxir, is yet unknown, perhaps it hath not been well exami¬ ned,- :p 2 %i i %iz Thefirft Voyage of the Dutch However it is certain, that abundance of thofe Reeds grow along the Coaft of Malabar, efpecially in Coroman¬ del, Bifnagar, and Malacca, which produceth a fub- ftance called by the Indians, Sacar Mambur, Sugar of Mambur; which is much valued by the Arabians, Per- fians, and Moors, who call it T abaxir, that is to fay, white Juice, for it refembles curdled Milk. The Reeds or Trees which produce T abaxir, are as high as Poplar-Trees; their Bows grow ftrait up to the top ; the Leaves are a little longer than 0 - live Leaves ; the Trunk as big as a Man’s Thigh, and commonly as high as the higheft Houfes in the Cities. The Joynrs or Knots of the Trunk, are a Span and a haif diftant one from another, and be¬ tween the Joynts groweth that admirable white fub- ftancc called Tabaxir. It hath a Phylical virtue again!! fo many Diftempers, that is fold for its weight in Sil¬ ver in Arabia and Pcrfia. The Indians make ufe of it againft Claps, Cancers, and other Venereal Diftempers, as well as burning Feavers Cholicks, and Bloody Fluxes. They make alio their little Boats of the body of a Tree, which holds but two People : they leave a knot at each end, and excavate the reft. Men who row the Boat are all naked, one at each end with a pair of little Oars, and row extreamly fait eyen againft the Currents. They are. fo Superftitious as to believe, that thofe Boats are never atrackr by the Crocodiles. The Fruit called by the Maldians Duriaon, and which, as they think, groweth only in Malacca, and there¬ abouts, grows likewile in Java, The Tree which pro¬ duceth it is called Batan, being as high as the higheft Apple-Tree, its Wood hard and compad, and the B.-.rkgrayr it has a great many Boughs, and bears a- bundance of Fruit: The 'Flowers called Bua.c, - are ef a yellowdh white colour, the Leaves being a Span and a half long, and two or three Inches thick, are ragged about, of a pale green on the out fide, and live¬ ly green on the in fide. The Fruit is as bigas a Melon, being cover’d with a hard Peel, and guarded with finall lharp points: Its out-lide is green, and ftreaked as feveral Melons arc, The infide hath four Cavitirs, with four or five (hell like little Boxes in each of them : and each or theft (hell! to the Eaft-Tndies. fliells contains a Fruit as white as Milk, as big as an Egg, and better rafted than the Spani/h Man jar Blanco, only ’tis not To foft nor fo moift. The yellow or white ones are not good , being fpoiled by the Air, and the Rain. They don’t kepp, and you muff eat them when the pee! begins to open. Each Fruit hath a ftone as big as a Peach ftone, but not good to eat. If you are not ufed to it, you will not like it, for it fmells as ftrong as Onions, but it tails fo well, that it is counted one of the belt, and the wholfomeft Fruits in the Indies. The Antipathy between Duriaon and Betel is extras ordinary, and remarkable. If you put bur one Leaf of Betel among a Load of Duriaon , it will certainly fpoil it, and roc it all prefently ; and if you have eat too much of that Fruir, and are Sick of it, put only a Leaf of Betel upon your Stomach, and you will be immediately cured. • The Tree called Lantor groweth alfo in Java in great quantities; it is of the fame nature as the Coco- Tree. It’s Leaves are five or fix Foot high, and fo fmooth, that you may write upon them with a Pen¬ cil or a Pin. The Inhabitants make ufe of them as I We do of Paper. They have befides that, another fore of Paper made of the Bark of Trees, but they ufe that only to wrap up Packs. Cubebc groweth only in Java, upon the Coaft of Simla. They call ic Cucuonbi, and Cumoe. The other Indians call it Cuba Chini, ■ becaufe the China- Mer¬ chants tranfported it to other Countries, before the Por¬ tuguese came into the Indies. This Fruit groweth only in barren places. The Plant twines and runs up upon high Trees like Pepper: the Fruit grows in bunches like Grapes, with a Stalk to each of’em. The Inhabitants of Java value it very much, becaufe it groweth no where elfe But there is fo great plenty of it, that it cofts little or nothing. It is very good againft Rheums and Cold of the Sto- mack , and for clearing the Bread of Phlegm. The Moors mix it with Wine, and fayic provokes to I.uft. It hath likewife other qualities, which we pafs by for brevities lake. Mangoflans are alfo an excellent Fruit; they relemple the Slows that grow here upon Hedges, and have a Very pleafant tafte; P 3 zi4 The Firft Voyage of the Dutch The Herb called TalaJJe in Java, and Lalade in the Malaian , never brings forth any Flowers or Fruit. The Inhabitants make ufe of it in their Sawces, and fome- times eat it raw, thinking it hath the fame virtue as Cubcbe, to provoke to Lafcivioufnefs. Jaca is a Fruit which groweth not only in Jim a, but alfo in feveral places of the Indie:, being as long and as big as the largeft Pumpkins. Its out-fide is green and hard, with little points like a Pine-Apple. The infide is of a Gold colour, and full of Kernels, which when roafted, are very good againft Loof- neffes. It grows upon high Trees, not out of the Boughs, like other Fruits, but out of the Trunk dofe to the Ground. When it is ripe, it fmells mod delicately, and grows black, with a very hard Rind. The little skin which is about the Kernel, tails fometimes like a Melon, fometimes like a Peach , at other times like Honey, and oftentimes like a Citron. That Fruit is long, and full of Juice, and of fo hard a Digeftion, that many times ’tis voided whole as ’twas eat. The Kernels are bigger than the Kernels of Dates, and white in the infide ; they tafte (harp, and of the Soil, but are windy : But if you boil or road them, they are of an excellent tafte, and provoke to Voluptuoufnefs, which is the only ufe they make of it. In the Ifland of Baly, which we will defcribe here¬ after, you find a Fruit of . the bignefs of a Pear, round at' the bottom , and lharp at the top , and cover’d with a rough Skin; for which reafon the Dutch cal¬ led it Porcupine; it is binding, and white on the in¬ fide, and groweth upon high Treesas thick as Grapes; they pickle them, and preferve them, to tranfport them abroad. You find in the Ifland of Santa Maria, a Fruit called Valmits, which groweth upon high Trees without any Boughs. ’Tis of a Gold colour on the outfide, much like Ananas , and has Kernels like Pomgranates, which are very fweet on the infide, but hard on the outfide. Here we likewife meet with Mirabolans, called by the Indians Cbretean , and by Phyficians and Apothecaries Chebali. They are of a red brown co¬ lour,, and have a pretty big Kernel. When you eat them, they burn the Mouth like Pepper. There to the Eaft-Indies. There is in the Indies , and particularly in Cambaye, Balagattc, Malabar, and Bengalc, five forts of Mira - bolans, the bulk of the Trees is like Plum-Trees, but the Leaves have no fuch refemblance. The Fruit in general is as big as a Plum, but fome are not round, but corner’d. When it is ripe it rafts like unripe Plums. They make no ufe of them but in Phyfick. In the fame Ifland of Santa Maria you find a round Fruitlike a Melon,which groweth upon Trees. It hath a Shell as hard as Wood, full of fmall, flat, and clammy Beans, which are very loofening. This place af¬ fords likewife a fort of Afli-colour’d, and very clam¬ my Pears, and another Fruit like Apples, which groweth in barren Ground, being of a Gold colour oh the out fide, but full of {tones like Medlars on the infide. At the Mouth of the Streight upon the Coafts of Sumatra, and of Pulo Carcatra, you find Cajfia, which alfo groweth in an untilled ground, but fo plentifully, that you may lade many Ships with it. It groweth upon very high and large Trees, and at firft looks like green Cherries, or afliimes an Afh-colour, but after¬ wards it becomes of a red brown, as you fee it when it is tranfported to Europe. The Trees which produce Cajfia, are like great Walnut-Trees in every thing, excepting the Flowers, which are of a Golden yellow colour, and fmell fi.nely. Thefe Flowers fpring from the long and big flicks or husks which contain the Cajfui. Wild Cinnamon, which the Portuguese call Canola di Mato, and the Maldians Cajamanis, groweth alfo in Java, upon theCoaftof Sunda. It is not fo good by half as fine Cinnamon, and ’tis forbidden to import it to Portugal. Notwithftanding that, the Portuguese lent Ships laden with wild Cinnamon, tinder the name of Cinnamon of Ceylon. The Government winks at it, becaufe the King hath the fame Cuftom pay’d as for fine Cinnamon. Wild Cinnamon tafts of nothing but the Wood, the Bark is thick and courfe, and hath no ftrength. Some grows in the Ifland of Malabar , upon lefler Trees than thofe of Ceylon. Another Fruit whiph groweth in Java, is called Car- capuli, being of a lharpilh tafte, and as big as a Cherry, with a few finall ftones within it. Some are white, P 4 fome 215 zi6 The Firfl Vwage of the Dutch fome a deep red, others of a fine lively red, but all are very good. The Trees are much like Cherry- Trees. You find in the Ifland of Sunda, a Plant called by the Phyficians, Coftus Indicia ; by the Malaiaus, Pucbo ; and by the Arabians Cofl, or Caft. Its branches refem- ble thofe of rhe Elder Tree , and bring foith white Flowers, which have a ftrongfmell. The true Coftus confifts only of the Wood and the Root. There is a great trade for them in Pci ft i, Parky, Arabia, Malac¬ ca, and fevcral other places. The itifide is white, and the outfide gray. Calamus Anmaticus, groweth alfo in Sunda, and in the Neighbouring Iflands. It is properly the Stalk or the Reed which the Herb produceth. Its infide con¬ tains a fpungy and yellowilh fubftance, which is good to ftrengthen the Sinews, and difpels Women’s Vapours. They give it alfo to Horfcs in cold Weather, mixing it with Garlick, Salt, Sugar, and Butter; as being a Remedy againft many Diftempers. The Stalk is thin, and full of knots. It fplits in pieces when you break it, and yields a rough , binding , and fharp bitter fade. Qrumber called Canjor in Java, groweth alfo in Sunda. It is I ke Ginger, only its Leaves are longer and larger. IVy make a Confic of it when it is dry, and it hath more Virtue than Ginger. Galanga, which the Arabians call Calvegian, is of two kinds. One fmall, of a good fmell, and tranf- ported from China to the Indies, and from thence into fevcral places. The other fort is bigger, and groweth in Java, where they call it Lanquas. But it hath not fo fweet a fmell as that of China. It groweth a fpan or tw: above-Ground upon a little Plant, and that na¬ turally without Sowing or Tilling the Ground. The Leaves are like the points of a Spear, and the Flowers are whi r e. Sometimes the Indians Plant fome of them in their Gardens for Curiofities fake. They make a Sallade of it. and then make ufe of it againft many Diftempers. The Root is long , big, and full of knots, as well as the Reed. It is red both within and without. It fmells fvveet, and has a (harp tafte like Ginger. Fagan H7 to the Eaft-Indies. Varna, a Fruit which growcth in Java, is as big as Calebs, or long Pepper. It has a tender Skin, cover’d with a black thin Shell, and contains only a fmall Grain or Kernel, which is good againftRhumes, Weak- nefs of the Stomack, Loofnelfcs. The Dutch brought the Gum called 7 ,tcamahaca, from the Bay of Anton Gil, where it is found upon a great Tree, which hath very long and narrow Leaves. The Fruit is no bigger chan a Plum. 'Tis an excellent and precious Gum. Among other Merchandife that are fold in Bantam, you find Latjue or Lack, fo called by the Moors, and Heck at Pegu, where there is a great fale of it. It is made after this manner. You fee in Pegu, andinfeve- ral other places, where the Lajue is found, great fly¬ ing Ants, which fly upon the Gummy Trees to fuck the Gum, and after they have fuckr it, they call out the Lajue upon the Branches of the Trees, as the Bees do the Wax and Honey. When the Boughs are cover’d with that Matter, the Owners of the Trees cut them, and dry them; and after the drying, beingdryed, you take out the Latjue, caked in the form of a Reed. It is of a red brown colour, but the Indians make a powder of it, and mix with it what colours they fan¬ cy, or make little flicks of it, which are fold in Eu¬ rope, under the name of Spanifb Wax, to feal Letters with, They alfo make of it feveral other very curi¬ ous and well wrought Manufactures. The Water Melons that- grow at Java, are of an extraordinary good tafte. Their outlide is of a green brown colour, but their infide is white, they are as long as our Pumpkins. The Indians regale one ano¬ ther with them in Company, as we do with Fruit in Europe. Benjamin groweth alfo in Java, it is like Frankin- cenfeor Myrrh, but more precious; for they ufe it in Medicines, and in Perfumes, and Paftils, which can never be good without it. It groweth upon high and thick Trees. The Leaves are like thole of Lemon- Trees, out of which runs a fort of Gum called Benja¬ min. The youngeft Trees produce the belt, which i? blackilh, and of a fine ftrong fmell. For the white Benjamin, which comes out of the old Trees, is not near fo good as the black. But they mix ’em toge- 218 The Firft Voyage of the Dutch ■ ther to put all off. The Moors call it Lovan Javis, that is to fay, Frankincenfe of Java. They make little In- cifions in the Tree and its Sprigs, to draw out more of the Gum; for it is counted and valued the moft pre¬ cious Merchandife in the Eaft, no Drug, nor any thing in the World, having fo fine and fo comfortable a fmellas Benjamin. They trade very much in Camphire at Bantam. They call it Cafar, or C ampbore. There is two forts of it; the firft came from the Ifiand of Borneo, and is count¬ ed the bell; the fecond fort comes from Chincbeo in China, but not to be compared with the other. The Trees which produce Camphire, are as big as Wal¬ nut-Trees: The Gum grows intheinfideof the Trunk, and comes out of it like Sweat by drops, no bigger than a Barley Corn. The Camphire of China comes forth in lumps, and is cheap enough; But one pound weight of that of Borneo, is as dear as a hundred pounds of China Cam¬ phire. But the Indians who know how to mix them, adulterate the beft, as they do all other Merchandife, being as dexterous at that Work, as any People in the World ; fo that one mud be very cunning, and have a great deal of experience not to be deceived. You find in the Woods of Java, red Sanders Wood; but the yellow and the white, which are much bet¬ ter, come from the Iflands of Timor and Solar, (Imp.- ted to the Eaft of Java. Sanders Trees are like Wal¬ nut-Trees. They bring forth a fruit refembling Cher¬ ries, which is green at firft, but black afterwards, without any planner of tafte. The Indians ufe a great deal of Sanders Wood : they bruife it and beat it with Water till it comes to Pap, and then anoint their Body with it. which coolls and perfumes it all over. The red Sander's Wood is of no ufe in the Indies, fo they only tranfport it to other Countries. It is alfo Phyfical, but not near fo good as the white. Ginger groweth plentifully in Java, however they dry none there, but preferveitin Sugar, or ufe it a; Pot-Herbs in their Broth. There is a great quantity of it in the Bay of Anton Gil, where 'tis called Si- qnaviro . The to the Eaft-Indies. The little Stalk or Trunk of this Plant rifes above the Ground.like the little Reeds we fee in Holland, and is not above two or three Spans high. The Root is properly the green Ginger the Indians eat in Sal- lets. They aifo pickle them with Salt and Vinegar. The name Ginger comes from the Arabians , who call the Root Gingimbil, as well as the Turks and Perfmns. The Fruit called Anacordium, or Heart-Fruit, be- caufe when his dry, it hath the figure of a Mans Heatr, | groweth in Sunda, and in feveral other places. It is I of a red colour. The Portuguese call it Fava de ! Malacca, becaufe it refembles a Bean, though ’tis a little bigger than Dutch Beans. The Indians eat it with Milk, as a Remedy againft a fhort Breath and Worms. They Pickle it like Olives, and eat it in Sailers. The Watter within is as thick as Honey,and red like Riood. The Root called by the Portuguese Pan de Coebra, and by the Flemings Wood of Serpents, groweth alfo in Sunda, it is of a yellowifh white colour, and ot a hard and bitter Subftance. The Italians bear it with Wine and Water, and fo prepared, make ufe of it a- gainft burning Feavers, the bites of Serpents, and other Venoms. It was fouud out at firft by the means of a little A- nimal called Qttil, or Quirpel, which is of the fame fi¬ gure and bignefs of a Ferret, and of which the Indi¬ ans keep a great many in their Houfes to catch Rats and Mice. Thefe Quits being naturally Enemies to Ser¬ pents, fight them asfoon as they fee them ; and when the Serpents bite them, they run to eat of that Root which cures them immediately. Since that time the Indians ufe Pao Coebra againft the bites of Serpents. The Wood Aloes, called Calamba in the Indies, and Pao d' Arguilla in Portugal, groweth chiefly in Sitma~ tra, Malacca, Cambaye, Siaon, and other neighbouring Countries. The Trees are like Olive-Trees, but a little bigger. When you cut it, the Wood doth not fmell fo well at firft, and when it is green; but as it dries, it fmells better and better. The Heart of the Tree and the Wood which is about it has a better fmell than the outfide. You may know the goodnefs of it by the Weight, by its little black Veins, and by a fat humour which comes ThefirJlFoyage of the Dutch comes out of it, when you fplit it in four pieces. They make ufe of it in feveral imporrant Cafes , which makes it valuable, and particularly for its fine fmell. If you rake it in Powder with Wine, or any other Liquor, it will make your Breath fweec. It is an ad¬ mirable remedy againft a Weak and Phlegmatick Sto- mack, and againft Pleurifies and Bloody Fluxes. There is in Java another fort of Wood called A - guilla Brava by the Portuguese, but it has not the fame virtue as Aloes. The Indians ufe it to burn the Bra- mcnes, and great Lords when they are dead. It is as great an honour in the Indies to be burnt upon a Fune¬ ral Pile of that Wood, as in Europe to have a fumptuous 'Monument of Marble. In fine, you find in Sunda and in Bantam, the fol¬ lowing Drugs to be fold. I fubjoyn only a bare Ca¬ talogue of them for brevity fake. Podi is a fort of Meal or Flower, which is very good againft theCold and the Wind. Caxumba or Flors, is a Root with which the Indi¬ ans feafon their Meat, they ufe it alfo to die Cal- licoes. Cajapi is a Wood which burns the Mouth like Pep¬ per ; they beat it very fmall, and rub their Bodies all over with it, not only for the good fmell, but‘alfo be- caufe it is very wholefome; for the Indians love Per¬ fumes above all Nations in the World. Cantior is a Fruit of the fame nature as Potatoes and Trufies, or Sow-Bread: there is plenty of this in Guinea. Semparantam is a Root which groweth in Sunda , and is very bitter, but is polfelTed of great Vertues. Pantion comes from Malacca , and groweth in. Coro¬ mandel. It is very good againft FeaveTs and is very dear. Garo Gamber, is a Fruit much like Olives, and green Arecea. It grows in Cambaya, Coromandel, and Sunda, and is a fovereign Remedy for the Tooth-Ach. Ganti is a Root like Ginger, and for that reafon the Javarians call it by the fame name. It comes from China to Bantam, and is fold very dear. The Indi¬ ans rub their Bodies with it. Sabani is properly a Muftard-Seed, there is plenty of . it in Sunda. Dorinf to the Eaft-Indies. zzi Dtringi groweth in the fame placce: they give ic to New-born Children. Gakm is a Root which groweth in the Water, and is very cooling. Tianco is a Fruit which the Indians beat fmall, and take in any Liquor when they are Sick. Median, Maju, and Carajfani, are tranfported from Acbem to Bantam ; the Indians take of thefe to make themfelves drunk. Spodian is the Alhes of a certain Tree which grow¬ eth in Sun da, they ufe it to rub themfelves with it. The bell Cummin groweth in Perfia, and is called there Cbirman ; it comes from 0 rmus to Acbem, and from Acbem to Bantam. It is very good when mixe with Madian, Maju, and Dauntico, as a Remedy a- gainft Apoplexies, and againft Rheumatifms, which is a very common Difeafe in the Indies, and which cau- fes great Pains, becaufe they go all naked. . Sari is certain flower of Meal, with which the In¬ dians rub themfelves, and which cures them of the injuries accruing from their ftormy Weather. T agari, Saraban, and Sedowaja, are Roots for the fame ufe. Sambaia, called Geiduar in China where it groweth, is a Fruit about the bignefs of an Acorn. It is fcarce and dear. They ufe it againft feveral Difeafes, efpe- cially againft the venemous Bites, and other Poy- fons. Jalava is a Fruit of a Tree as big as Sambaia, and very PhyTical. Paravas is a Herb very cooling, fcarce and dear. Tomonpucc is another Root like Galigan or Curcoma, only iris white; they rub their Bodies with ir, and find it cooling; wholefom, and very good againft the the heat of the Liver. You find alfo in Sun da, a Plant whofe Leaves are like the Leaves of the Tree which produceth Tama- rins, and which are bitter. Its Frtfit refembles Frcncb- Beans,and is very wholefome. A fort of little Beans called Conduri in the Malaian , and Saga in Java, groweth in Sunda, Madagafcar and China. They are (mail, and of a fine red colour. They are the common Weights 'for weighing Gold and Sil¬ ver, And they make no other ufe of them, becaufe they The Firft Voyage of the Dutch they are very bitter, and fome think they are Poyfo' 1 nous. In the Streight of Stmda, in the Ifle of Pi do Cer- cata, there groweth a fort of Nuts like Gall-Nuts. They tafte at firft like fm.ill Nuts, but afterwards you faint away, and are ready to Expire. The Dutch took it for the Nux Indica of the Apothecaries, and af¬ ter fome Experience, they found it was the fame. But if thofe that eat of it had not taken fome Re¬ medy to prevent the ill effe&s of this Nut, they would certainly havedy’d. The Dutch found in Mayo , one of the green Iflands, great quantities of Trees like Sycomore Trees, the Leaves of which were not fo large as the Leaves of Fig-Trees. The Fruit refembled a Fig, but was yel¬ low and fmall, without Seeds or Kernels within ’em, The Body of the Tree, the Boughs, the Bark, and the Milk which lies within, were like thofe of Fig-Trees. The Fruit never comes to Maturity, but the Trees are full of them all the year long. They don’c multiply by any Seed that is in their Fruit, but by Sprigs which fprout from the Root, or by Grafting them, as they do Mulberry-Trees. The Country which lies near the Cape of Good Hops, at the Bay of A^uada San Bras, produceth A*a- har , in fo great quantities, that the Fields are co¬ ver’d with it. It is a Plant as high as a Man ; and you would really think a far off, that the Fields are full of Men. They make the Aloe of that Herb in the Ifland of Sacotara. That Gum is reckon’d good when it is fat, clean, without Sand or little Stones, of a red clear, and fhining colour, or of a deep yel¬ low colour ; and within folid and compatft, eafie to melt, and of a bitter tafte. After fo long a Digreflion, which we thought necef- £ary, we muft now refume the Journal of our Voy-i age. The Dutch feeing that the Slaughter made on I both fides, had ftopt the Trade with the Inhabitants of I Tub an. Si day o, and other Neighbouring places in the Ifland of Java, and that they were out of hopes of revenging themfelves of the Indians, fince they had loft fo many Men, weighed Anchor and failed in the Night, the Wind blowing from the Land. They went to the Ifland of Madura, and call: Anchor in the Road, which to the Eafl-Indies. lies to the Southerly Coaft of the Ifland. The ca- f iral City named Arojfobaia, where the Sheriff, orHigh rieft refides, lies alfo on that fide. Decemb. 6th , r 596. having call Anchor at feven Fa¬ thom Water, on a clay Bottom, they had hardly done working the Ship, when they faw two Pirogues coming on board, but their Crew durft not venture to come on board the Ships: However they made very obliging offers from their Sovereign , and told tha Dutch, that if they would tarry fome while in their Road, they would bring them Refrefhments, and trade fairly with them. But thjy were very well informed of what had paf- fed before Sidayo, for thefe JJlanders have Pirogues at Sea, continually going and coming to bring news of what happens. The next day a Pirogue with 28 Men came again on board the Holland ; they cold the Dutch they had Spices to fell, which they , had fav’d out of a Ship that had Shipwrack’d there a year agoe : But it was falfe, for the Dutch having queftioned others of their Crew about it, they faid they knew nothing of ic. Howe¬ ver the Dutch fent two Looking-Glaffes to the Sove¬ reign of the place. ‘ Madura is a little Ifland which runs out length- ‘ wife, and lies almoft oppofite to the North-Eaft point ‘of the Great Java, being feparared from it by a ‘narrow Channel. It is very fruitful in Rice, andfur- ‘nilhes all the Neighbouring places with it. The • Ground is fo fat, that it is not fatter in Holland , but ‘fo often drown’d with Water, that the Labourers ‘ and Buffs who Plough it, are in the Water up to the ‘ Knees, even in Harveft time. ‘ The great Ships cannot approach the Ifland, be- ‘ caufe of the flats which are about ic. The Inhabi- ‘ rants refemble thofe of Java in every thing. They, ‘live upon nothing but Piracy, which they exercife' 1 with fmall Veffels, without any oppoficion from their | ‘ Neighbours, for they dare not trouble them, becaufe i‘ Madura is their Granary of Rice, j December the 8 tb, the Dutch faw three Pirogues cam- '' ing from the Ifland toward the Ships: In the firft was the Interpreter of the Sheriff, who asked them whe¬ ther the Sheriff and the King might come on board the 124 firft Voyage of the Dutch the Amflerdam ; dnd at the fame time he prefented fome Goats, Rice, and O'her Provifions to the Dutch. The Pilot of that Ship who was very ill of the wound he received in the Fight of Sidaio, came out of the Poop to go into the Captains Chamber, and would have cut the Interpreters Throat with a Bagonet, if they had not hinder’d him, to revenge himfclf of that treacherous People, That accident, and other Confederations, obliged the Dutch to tell the Interpreter, that they would not have any body come on board the Amflerdam. nor the Pinnace, becaufe few Men were in them, but Silver, and Horfes, it is enough to name the number of Pardao’s you have agreed-upon ; for every body knows there are Pardao's worth fix Pan gas: but for all other Merchandife, if you fpecifie nothing, and fpeak in general of fo many Pardao's, they are underftood to be Pardao's worth five Pan gas. The Merchants pay fometimes in Pardao's of Lanins , and then five Larrins are worth but one Pardao. There are feveral other forts of Money, which are only current in the Provinces where they are coined : ’Tis faid that at Bengale, they make ufe of little Shells and Almonds for fmall Money, as we do Farthings in England. A RELATION Of THE Second Voyage of the DVT CH INTO THE EAST-INDIES ; Made by a Fleet of eight Ships in the year 1598, under the command of James Cor- nelijt Tan Neck, Admiral; and Wyhrant Fan Warwick, Vice-Admiral; taken out of the printed journals, and other Manufcripts. T H E Dire&ors of the Eaft-India Company fined out in the year 1598, fix Ships and two Yatchs, bound for the Eaft-Indies. The firft Ship was named the Maurice, in which were Admiral Comelify Fan Neeli born at Amfterdam, Gi¬ ven Matter, and Cornelius Hemskjrke Commifli- oner. The fecond Ship named the Amfterdam , had on board her Vice-Admiral Wybrtm, a Native alfo of Amfterdam, and Corneille Janfc Fortxoyn Matter. The Third was named the Holland, Simon Lamberts,■ man Matter or Captain, and Wyte Nyn Commiffio- ner. They called the fourth Ship the Zealand, Nichols Janf* Mcl^nap was Matter of her. Tfo to the Eaft-Indies. z$i The fifth was named the Geldcrland, John Brayn Matter, Hans Hendrikss Bonver Commiffioner. The fixth was named the Vtretcht, John MartfsMz- fter. The great Yatch was called the Fri^eland, John Cornelifs Mafter, and tVniter Wiilenkins Comtniffio- The little Yatch was named the OvcriJJcli, Simon Janfs Horn Mafter, and Arcm Harmanfs Van Alkjnaar Commiffioner. All thefe Ships were Manned with 560 Seamen, who were Muftered the 9 tb of March. They failed out of the Tcxel the \fl of May, with a South'Eaft-Wind, and the 15 tb they were in light of the Iflandof Madcrc, and the other adjacent Iflands, called by the Portuguese, Defert or Wild Iflands, and by the Dutch, Sorters. The lyth they palled the Canary Iflands, and among others Gomcra and Palma : And on the 13d the Iflands of Cape Verd, or the green Cape, called falted Iflands, and particularly Sr. Jago and Mayo. June the 1 ft they catch’d a Tortoife of 143 pounds Holland weight. The 8 tb they palled the Equinoxial Line. The 25 th they pafs’d the Shelves of Brazil, which lie in the 18 Deg. South Latitude. , July the 24t/j they came near the Cape of Goed Hope, in 35 Deg. South Latitude. On the 27 th they Law great floats of Trees, and Roots 25 Fathoms long, and many Birds flying, an infallible lign they were not far off the Cape. The 28 th after a great Storm, they faw on one of the Main-Top-Malts, a fire called St. Elmo's Fire, Ihi- ning like a Candle. The 3 ift they difeover’d the Coaft of the Cape of Good Hope ; and the 24 th the I- fland of Sc. Laurence or Madagafcar , under which they call Anchor the next day, that being the firft time lince they failed out of the Texel. On the zytb they doubled the Cape, and the 30 th they weather’d Cape Julian. September the 17 th, they faw the Illand which the Portuguese call Cerne; the Seamen rejoyced mightily at the fight of it, in hopes to find there frelh Water, and fome Refrelhments which they wanted excreamly, fcr they began to be fick of the Scurvy. On The Second Voyage of the Dutch On the 12 th in the Morning they fent two Sloops on fhoar, where they found a good and clofe Harbour, large enough to (lielter 50 Sail from the Winds, and a good Ground for Anchorage. The Sloops Crew returning on board the Ships about the Evening, brought with them eight or nine great Birds, and many little ones, which they took with their Hands: They alfo found very good frefh Water running down the Mountains; fo that this Harbour is one of the beft, and the moft Convenient to put into for Refrefhments.. On the loth the moft part of the Seamen landed, and the Minifter of the Vice-Admiral preached a Ser¬ mon upon the (hoar, and gave thanks to God Almigh¬ ty, for having brought them into a Harbour fo much defired. Then they named that Ifland Maurice, for a reafon fo well known, that it is needlefs to mention it. September nfi, they landed in another place of the fame Ifland, to fee whether they could find Inhabitants, but they found none. They took an irifinite multi¬ tude of Birds with their Hands,' which made them be¬ lieve, that the Ifland was uninhabited. The 27 th a certain Indian who had been brought to Holland in the firft Voyage, embraced the Chnltian Religion, and was Chriftened by the name of Ln- rence. On the 29 th they went farther to another place of the Ifland, but could find no Inhabitants. Thelfland of Csrne or Maurice , is about 15 Leagues in. Circumference , it hath a very fine Harbour, the Mouth of which is above too Fathom deep. The Coun¬ try is Hilly, and full of Mountains, which are co¬ ver’d with green Trees, moft of them wild, excepting fome Palm-Trees, and Palmite-Trccs ; but thole which grow in the Valleys, are a great deal finer. The Mountains are fo high, that they are for the moft part of the year cover’d with Snow, and fonie times fo full of fmoak, you can hardly fee them: The ground is ftony every where, bus withal full of wild Trees which grow fo clofe together, that they touch one another. The Wood of thofe Trees is the fineft Ebony in the World, very black,and as fmooth as Ivory. There is ano¬ ther fort of Wood of a fine red colour, and another yel¬ low like Bees-Wax: They tranfported fome of thefs three to the Eaft-Indies., . , hree forts to Holland , which were valued very much j he outlide of the Bark is green and thick, and under t is the Ebony Wood. They found alfo many Palmifes-Ttces, which fur¬ led them with good Refrefhments; they are much ike Cwo-Trees, but on the top of the Palmites, there s a great knot or head which they cut, and found in ta kind of Juice or Pith very good to eat, efpecially in iallet, and then it is purging : that Juice was white, ind as fweet as a Turnep. The Dutch made feme Hutrsin thelfland, and lodg’d the lick Seamen in them, who in a little while were well again ; this Ihews the Air is very good. The Sea is (o lull of Filh, that at one call of a Sean, they caught a half Tun of Fifh ; there is .no fuch fort of Filh to be feen in the Netherlands Seas, except Eells and Pearches. Among other Filh they took fuch a monftrous Thornback, that it ferv’d all the Seamen of one Ship for two Meals. They found alfo a great quantity of Tortoifes, fome of which were fo extraordinary big, that four Men Hood upon them as they crept along, and one Ihell was large enough to hold fix Men in it. There they faw an infinite number of Birds and Fowls, efpecially Turtle-Doves, of which the Seamen took 150 in an Afternoon ; they alfo faw a great ma¬ ny Herons, but could catch none, for they fled out of light. They faw but a few wild Geefe, but withal a world of grey Parrets, and a fort of Fowl as big as Swans, with a big Head and a Creft on, like a Fryar’s Cowl: they have but four or five black Feathets in ftead of Wings,, their Tail is very Ihort, and hath but five lit¬ tle grey and curled Feathers. The Dutch called them Fowls of a loathlome tafte, becaufe the more they road- ed them, they grew the harder; and perhaps alfo; becaufe filling their Bellies every day with Turtle- Doves, which were excellent Meat, they difliked the other Fowl. The I (land of Maurice , though uninhabited, and without any four-footed Beads, is for all that as good and convenient a place to take in Refrelfiments for the Ships that fail to the Eafl-Indies , as St. Helene is to thofe that return from the fame. They found in 144 The Second Foyage of the Dutch it 300 pounds weight of Bees-Wax, with Greek, Cha- raders written upon it; befides a Deck of a Ship, a Capftone, and a Main-Yard, the remainder undoubt¬ edly of aShipwrack. The Vice-Admiral put up a Board or a piece of Wood on a Tree, with the Arms of Holland, ^ealani, _ and Amfterdam, carved upon with thefe words, Clni- ' Jlianos form ados, Reformed Chriftians; that if any body fhould ever come into that place, they might know, that fome Chriftians had been in that Kland. Healfo fingledout a large (pace of Ground, four times more fpacious than the Dam which is before the Town-Houfe of Amfterdam, and inclos’d it with flakes, like a Garden, wherein he fowed and planted Fruit- Trees, and feveral other things, to try whether they would grow in that Ground : He alfo left behind him fome Hens, and other Fowls, that the Ships which lhould put into that Ifland, might find all forts of Re- frelhments. * It is necelfary here to explain a thing which is not ‘ plain enough in the Journal, that is, the eight Ships * which had always failed together from Holland to ‘ the Cape of Good Hope, were feparated by a terrible 4 Storm, the 8;/> of Auguft 1598. Five of them kept ‘ company together, vl\. the Amfterdam, the ^ calami , ‘ the Gueldsrland, the Vtretcb, and the great Yatch cal- ‘led the Fri^eland ; Thofelive Ships put into the Ifland ‘ of Maurice, and tarried there a fort-night. The other three, vis;. the Maurice, the Holland, and the little Yatch, call'd the Overijfd, who were feparated ‘from the others, were forced to fleer to the Ifland of * Santa Maria, and from thence they continued their ‘ courfe to Bantam. I lhall now relate what happen'd ‘ to them in their Paffage, and in their Return ; and ‘ afterwards lhall refume the Relation of what concerns * the five other Ships, which we now leave in the I- ‘ Hand of Maurice. The three Ships being arrived in the Ifland of Sana Maria, took their Phulo or King Prifoner, who gave a Cow and a' Calf for his Ranfom. They found no Re- ’ frefhments there, becaufe it was nor the feafon of the year for Fruit, only they got a good quantity of Su¬ gar-Canes and Fowl. to the Eaft-Indies. Wbilft they lay there at Anchor, they faw a very extraordinary fight, fome Indians having feen a Whale, rowed towards her in a fmall Boat, and caught her with a Cramp-iron fattened to a long Rope, made of the Bark of a Tree. The Whale being wounded run through the Water, and the Indians let out their whole Rope, upon which the Whale drag’d along the Canon, or the fmall Boar, and totted her about like a Straw ; but the Indians were not much concern’d ; for if the Canon had overturn’d, they could fwim and turn the Boat again. This kind of fport lafted a pretty while, but the Whale being weary and fpent, (he began to float; and then the Indians drew her upon the flioar, and divided her amongft them. Frbm Santa Maria, they failed to the great Bay of I Anton Gil, where they took in frelh Water. The Indian I called Madagafcar, whom they had carryed off in the firft Voyage, might have then tarry’d in his own Coun¬ try if he would, but he faid he did not care for flay¬ ing, and that he fhould not be known there, and with¬ al, that he had rather live and be cloathed after the European mode, than go naked in the Indies. They flay’d but five days in that Bay, and found no manner of Refrelhments, becaufe of the War be¬ tween the petty Kings of the Country; for one of them having been routed, the Inhabitants his Subjeds were brought to the laft extremity, of perilhing by Mi¬ le ly and Hunger. They put to fail again after five days flay, and with a fair Wind came to an Anchor the 16th of Novemb. 1598, before Bantam. Prefently Corneille Hccmfkjrke, Commiflioner of the Admiral landed, and went into the City to follicit the favour and friendlhip of the In¬ habitants, alluring them that the Dutch were come with no other Defign, but to trade peaceably and fairly with them. The Bantamites thought at firftf they were the fame that came the year before, and that they had kept the Sea all that while; upon which grounds they took them for Pirates, efpecially confidering that the Portur luejc had endeavoured in the firft Voyage the Dutch ®ade there, to perfwade them to believe it. The Second Vojage of ///e Dutch The Dutch did all they could to juftifie themfelves, and upon that head fent inro the Town Abdul, whorri they had brought with them: he pacified them, and at laft obtained Audience. The Dutch then went to Bantam to wait on the King, who was but an Infant, and made him fome Prefents: The Governor in his name received them very kindly. They prefented him with a gilt Cup, pieces of Vel¬ vet, filk Stuffs, fine Cryftal Glades, and Looking-Glaf- fes all gilt; and at the fame time they ihew’d the Patents of the States-General, and of Prnce Minna , which were received with a great deal of refpedt, and bowing to the Ground After iuch Ceremonies, they began to trade with the Inhabitants with fo great Succefs, that in five Weeks time, the three Ships were almolt laded. 'A Month after their arrival at Bantam, the other five Ships came into the fame Harbour, in a very good condition, and had but few Seamen lick on board, The Ships being happily jojned together, to esprefs their Joy, put up their Flags, and made a general Dil- charge of their Artillery, and tire Officers regaled one another on board their Ships. As foon as the five Ships- call: Anchor, feveral Bi- rogues came on board, and brought all forts of Rdrelli- %, ments, which they exchanged for Houlhold Pewter, "! and gave for one Spoon, as much Victuals as a Man can eat in two days. It was no advantage to the three Ships, that Ah- dul made known to the Inhabitants, that five Ships more were a coming, and fome others would lail thither in a little while from Zealand ; for upon that the Bantamitcs raifed the price of Pepper, and where¬ as they fold at firft 55 pounds weight for three Rents of Eight, a little while after they fold the lame weight - for four Reals; befides, they would be paid in Reals, and feemed not much to care for the Merchandife the 'Dutch brought with them. When the three firft Ships, and the great Yatch call d the Fris'elavd, were laded, the Dutch gave publick no¬ tice, that they were ready to lail away, therefore they defired every body to come on board, and fetch their payments, Si id the Haft-Indies. iff So after they had made a good Provifion of Rice, and other Refrefliments, they put to fail the utb of January 1599, and ftood in for Sumatra to get fome frefli Water, becaufe the Water of Bantam groweth white prefently, and breeds Worms. In Sumatra they exchanged Knives, Looking-Glaf- fes, Spoons, and other Snail Wares for Fruit, Me¬ lons, Cucumbers, Onions, Garlick, and alfo for very good Pepper. Some days before they failed from Bantam, the 0- ther four Ships bound for the Multiples, took their leave , and put to fail in the Night: At the time of their Separation they made fo many difcharges of their Artillery, that the whole Ifland of Java relounded with the noife, and the Inhabitants of Bintam were up all Night, not knowing what was the matter ; buc in the Morning, feeing the four Ships gone, they were I very well pleafed, for they were afraid to fee eight great Ships in their Road. The other four Ships having failed ourof Sumatra, arrived fafe, and in a lirrle while at Sr. Helens; where chey flay’d to take in Refrelh- ments; and in that Hand they found plenty of all things, particularly Goats, wild Boars, Pheafants, Pi¬ geons, 03 c. But becaufe a great many Ships ftaiid in for that Hand, and the Seamen landing , go a Hunting and Fowling; all the Animals are fowild, and fo hard to be found, that it is very difficult to kill them, and make a fufficierit provifion of them. Belides that when Goats are wounded, then run to' the tops' of Mountains, where it is impeffibie to come at them, neither could they catch as much Fifh as they wanted ; but they made a good provifion of frelh Water, and indeed enough for their return to Hel¬ ls ,,1 They left in. that Hand the Mailer’s Mate of the great Yatcb, becaufe he had been fo faWcy, as rtf ftrike his Mailer: However they gave him a certain quantity of Bread, Oyl, Rice, Fifh-hooks, Gun-pow- | tier, and a Gun. I June the 1 gtb 1599', after a long Voyage they 1 landed in the T txel, having met with no ill accident fin-their Voyage, and having failed always with a fair Wind, for which great favour they gave thanks to' S ' God zj8 The Second Voyage of the Dutch ■ God Almighty. They brought with them 400 Lads of Pepper, 100 of Cloves, a fmall quantity of Mace, Nutmegs and Cinnamon; they fpent 15 Months in the Voyage, both outward and homeward, though they failed 8000 Leagues. After their return into the Texel, the Directors went there to give neceflary orders, and Corneille Heemf- kjrke with Henry Buyck , waited on Prince Maurice, and prefented him with the Prefents the King of Ban -, turn had fent him. July the.27^, the Admiral and the Ship call’d th’e • Holland , arrived before Amflerdam with the found of Trumpets, and the City exprefled all manner of rejoy- cing ufual upon fuch occalions. I come now to give you an account of the Succels of the Voyage of the other tour Ships, vi%. the Am- fterdam, the Zealand, the Guclderland , and the Utrecht, commanded by PVybrant as Admiral, and James Heemj- !{irk as Vice-Admiral. They failed from Bantam the 8 tb of January 1599, to the Molurjttcs• the i^t/jthey caft Anchor before the Town of Jacatra, a League off the fhoar. Prefently the Sabandcr of Jacatra came on board with a fmall Pi¬ rogue, and asked the Dutch what they were come for; the Vice-Admiral told him, they were at Anchor to buy fome Refrefhments. The Inhabitants declared they were willing to fell fome, their Country being plentiful enough ; and (it the fame time prefented the Dutch with Mangas, a fort of Fruit which wedeferibed in the firft Voyage. The Vice-Admiral gave them a little Looking-Glafs, and a few GJafles of fmall value by way of compenfation for their Prcfenr. The Ships putting to Sea again failed four or five days, and being driven back upon the Coaft, and cams in the Night between the at ft and zid of Janrnoj before the Town of Tubaon, or T ttbatt : Early in tbs Morning they fent two Sloops a-(hoar, who came back about the Evening, and brought with them a Lord of the King’s Court, who was a Portuguese Renega- do: He had fome Difcourfe with the Admiral, and told him, if he would (lay three or four Months upon the Coaft, he might eafily find Merchandife enough to'lade his .Ships. Oh the 13d they fent fome more to the Haft-Indies. Men on (hoar, ro carry fome Prefents to the King he received them very kindly, and fent them back with 19 Sacks of Rice, which be prefented to the Ships as a Mark of his Gratitude. The 24 tb in the Morning two Sloops .landed a- | gain, to meet and receive the King, who had fent I word he would vilit the Ships. The Vice-Admiral I having waited on the King, he brought him into his Palace, (hew’d him his Wives, and his Daughters, and all his Horfes, which were very fine, and well • kept. About Noon the King’s Son came on board with the Vice-Admiral, the King having not thought fit to go along with them: The Prince returned back a- bouc the Evening, and they faluted him with a Dif- charge of fixteen great Guns, that pleafed him migh¬ tily : the Dutch invited him to eat and drink, but he laid, his Religion forbid him to do it. Tub aon or Tub tin, is a fine and trading City ; it is walled about, and bath Wodden Gates well carved after their falhion. It is without Difpute, the fineft Town in Java, and the King is accounted the moft Po¬ tent King in the whole Illand; for in lefs than 24 hours, he can raife a confiderable Army of Horfe and Foot. He makes a better figure than any other Prince in that Illand, and his Court is always full of No¬ bles. The King of Ttiban is of a middle lize, but :ottrfe builc. He was very well pleafed withche com¬ pany of the Dutch Officers. Going one day a-lhoar, they faw the Prince fitting an his Elephant, with his Legs a crofs like our Tay- ors: He was there under a cover, made in the figure if a Callie, with a Partition on one fide, and a Ca- inpy over his Head, to keep him from the Sun and be Rain. He had a kind of Doublet of black' felvet, with broad Sleevs , and thofe that attended lira, were armed with Muskets and Javelins, fome of bent having two large Irons at the end. The Man l ’bo led the Elephant had a little hook in his Hand, Aich made him go .where he pleafed, and as fall fome- intes as a Horfe. As the King came nearer the ffioar pith his Elephant, he alighted from his Caftle to fpenk pith the Dutch. S 2 ■ When ZS9 The Second Voyage of the Dutch When the Dutch came a (hoar, the King came to meet them, and brought them into his Palace, which is very fpaciotts, and hath a great many Appartments. Firft they went up by a Stair-cafe of feven Steps, and pad through a narrow Door, though broader than ordinary; for you muft obferve, that all the Doors in that Country are very low and narrow. Then they went into the greatand fined. Palace, built with Brick, and the Rooms paved with fquare Tiles, as they are in Holland ; but before they enter’d into that Palace, they law the Kings Elephants, who have each of them a particular Roof, fupported by four Pillars : in the mid¬ dle of the place cover’d by the Roof, there is a flake, to which the Elephant is tied with a Chain, fatten'd round one of his Fore-feet. The biggeft Elephant is fo cruel and fo mifehievous, that he hath killed, a great many Men : If you com¬ mand him to kill a Man, he doth it prefently, and then takes the Body upon his Back, and carries it to the King’s Feet; he is mighty ftrong, and as high as two Men Handing one above the other. He carries the King to War, half of his Trunk is white, and when he gocth to fight, he holds a Weapon with it, and knows how to make ufc of it, as well as any Man in that Country. They faw twelve letter Elephants, but indeed they were bigger than any they had feen before clfe- where. They bring them every day one by one into a Ca¬ nal near the Palace to walh them ■ their Governors teach them to lie down, to turn about, and fcveral other po- ttures and things. The Dutch being in the Palace, they ttiew’d them one of the King’s Apartments, full of his Baggage in leveral Trunks, and" Cafes pil’d one upon another; when the King goes out of the Town, this Baggage -marches along with him. Near this Apartment is the Cockpit, where each Cock is kept in a Cage; and thefc Cocks will fight with fitch Fury and Courage, that it is furprifingto Ice them. They faw alfo his Parrots, which are a great deal, finer than thofe that are brought into Europe, and no: very big; they have a lively and Ihining red under; theii to the Eaft-Indies. their Throat and their Body, and a fpot of a Gold-colour over the Back. Their Wings are of a fine green, and blew on the outfide, and of a lively Flefh-colour underneath. They are fo much valued in the Indies, that they are fold for eight and ten Reals a piece. The Dutch brought one alive to Amftcrdam, which ■ they fold for 170 Livers, tho' ’twas none of the fined. John Iluggens faith, that the Portuguese have often tryed to tranfport fome of thofe Parrots into Europe , but could never keep them alive, becaufe of the ni¬ cety and tendernefs of thefe Birds. They are very far miliar and carefling, and know their Mafter, and how to flatter him wonderfully well: They clean his Head and Beard hair by hair, put their Bill in his Mouth and Ears, without hurting him ; but if Strangers cqme near them, they fall upon them like angry Dogs. Then the King fliew’d the Dutch the Dog-kenncl, each Dog had his particular Mafter to teach him all theExercifes fit for l'port. The King asked the Dutchmen whether they had great Dogs in Holland, they told him, they had fome as big as little Horfes, and foftrong, that they would fight a Man, and fometimes be too hard for him. He enquired alfo whether the Horfes were very big , they replyedj they had fome as big as little Elephants: He laugh’d at it, thinking they did not lpeak in ear¬ ned ; but when he faw they lookt ferious upon him, hedeftred them to fend him fome of the biggeft Horfes and Dogs, but they told him they thought the thing not poflible. Going out of the King’s Palace, they went through a narrow Door, and over a ftone Bridge into a place, where the King keeps his rare Fowls. They faw a- mongft the reft great quantities of Ducks, much like Dutch Ducks, only a little bigger, and all white ; their Eggs are as big again as a Hens Egg. From that place they enter'd into the Appartment of the King’s four lawful Wives, of which the two oldeft came to meet him, and flood at the Door: he had fix Sons and two Daughters by them. When the Dutch got into the Room, they faw the two young Wives peeping behind a Mat; they were all ferved and tended by old Slaves: Out of that Appartment fome The Second Voyage of the Dutch of the Kings Concubines were fitting, all drafted with very fine Callico. , Then they went to another Apparment feparated by a Wall, where they faw moft of the King’s Con¬ cubines fitting in order, and drefied as the firft. Their Rooms are roundabout that Partition Wall; thofethat are moft in favour, are waited upon by the others. After that they went to Another Appartment full of Concubines, lo that the King keeps at lead 300 Con¬ cubines. The Dutch faw the King’s Palace, and all the Ap- partments two feveral times ; and thefecond time they were more numerous than the firft : And having feen all that was fltew’d to them, they all went out of the King’s Appartment, through a little Door, excepting three, whom the King brought into his Bed-Chamber, called the Turtle-Doves Chamber. As foon as they were in the Room, the King lay down upon, a filk Quilt, and Cufhions of the fame Stuff. The Bed (or the Pile upon which the Quilt lay) was of the figure of an Altar, made of grey ftones rais’d above the Floor, and carved on the out- fide. The Head upon which the Quilt lay, was broad¬ er than the Foot, and of the fame ftone, that it might be cooler. They lay’d a Mat before the three Dutchmen, who fat upon the Ground after the mode of the Country. Tire King asked them who was their King, and their Mafter ; they gave him a full and fatisfadory anftver by their Interpreter : But he took a great delight in hearing an account of the long War the Dutch had with the Spaniards, of the Horfe and Foot the Srates- Gencral kept, but efpecially of their Forces by Sea. All tbefe Circumftances were to him Very wonder¬ ful. During this Converfation, an old Slave came into the Room, carrying on her Back one of the King’s Daughters, whom file lay’d on the Ground by the King's Bed. This young Princefs had very large Bracelets of Gold enammelled, and play’d all the while wiih the King her Father. The Room was open on every fide to let in the cooi A'ir, as it is the Cu- ftom in ’java. to the EafMndies. The Turtle-Doves hung in Cages round the Kings Bed; their Pearching-fticks were fmall glafs Balls, or Beads of all colour? ftring’d upon flicks, which made a glorious flicw. The King defired the Dutch to fee his feven Sta¬ bles for Horfes, and in each of them there was but one Horfe ; thefe Stables were inclofedwith flicks or flakes, but kept very clean. \ The Horfes were fmall, but very fine and good Racers ; they are much valued in the Indies, becaufe they are fcarce. Their Harnefs and Trappings are fumptuous in their way, but nothing fo regular as ours in Europe. There are many Nobles in the City of T tibiton, who trade in Silks, Camlets, Callicoes, and a fort of a little Garment made in that Town. They lade their Jonques or Ships with Pepper , to tranfport it to Bali, where they exchange it for a pitiful fort of Callico Gar¬ ments: Then they go to Banda, Terrate, the Philippine Illands, and other Countries where they exchange thofe forry courfe Garments tor Mace, Nutmegs, and Cloves, and with that Cargo return to their own Country, The common fore of People live upon Fifhing, and Cattle, which they keep for themfelves, for there is a great deal in that Country : They go naked from the Waft upwards, the reft is cover’d with a piece of Callico, and a Dagger hangs on their Girdle : Gentle¬ men wear a little Camlet Coat. Thofe that live high keep a great many Slaves al¬ ways in waiting, where-ever they go. They are never without Bctele , which they chaw continually, it being mixe with powder made of Lime, and green Wal¬ nuts: They love Horfes mightily, and keep as many as they can • the Saddles are made of Velvet, or Spa- nilh Leather, with monftrous figures of Dragons and Devils painted upon ’em, and gilt. The Bridles are as white as Alabafter, and fet with precious Stones ; the Bits are very fine, and the Studs are all of Silver or Copper gilt. They ride often out of the Town, being three or four in Company ; and run Races, and exercifc their Horfes with a great of Dexterity. They make ufe of fhorc Speers in their Carroufets or Races, and handle them very nimbly one againft another: Thofe S 4 wha 2,64 The Second Voyage oj the Dutch who are behind fpur their Horfes to overtake tnofe that are before them, and give them a phillip with their Spears, to make them run as faft as they can ; and thus they continue that fport till, their Horfes are weary. The 23 d of January 1599, they honour’d the Dutch with a Race, where a great many Noble-Men, and the Kinghimfelf, run one againft another: TheKing was fometimes on Horfe-back, fometimes on his Ele- phanr,having a fine Callico Garment, with a little black Velvet Cloak, and a Dagger of Gold hanging on his Girdle, and the figure of a Devil engrav’d upon it. The Noble-Men that run, had feveral led Horfes ro change, and I cannot forbear to fay, that it was a very fine Entertainment. January the 24 th, the Vice-Admiral and the Zealand put to Sea, and the two other Ships flay’d at Tubaon , to fhip feme Cattle and Rice they had bought of the King. But on the 2 6th they follow’d the others, and caft Anchor between Java , and the fmall Town of Madare. The 27 th the Vice-Admiral came before a Town called Joartam , where they anchor’d : Here they landed to get an expert Pilot in that Country, who would (hew them the Road to the Moluqties , but they could find none. The z%th fome of the Seamen landed again, and brought the Sabander or Commif- fioner of the Duties on board the Ships: At the fame time the King’s Brother came alfo on board, and made a Prefent to the Vice-Admiral. About the fame time they had a long difeourfe with a German, who was fetled in that Country, and who traded in Pepper,Nut¬ megs, and Cloves. On the 3of/j they agreed with a Pilot: The Night following a Boat came on boaad the Vice-Admiral with the fad News, that forty of the Men belonging to the Admiral, and to the Vtretch, had been made Pri- foners at Madare, and brought to a little, but very ftrong Town called Arofobaia. The 31 ft, the Renegado of Tuban brought a fine Prefent from the King, to the Vice-Admiral, vi%. a Dagger, and two Javelins: The Handle of the Dag¬ ger was of Gold let with Diamonds, and the King’s Picture engraven upon it. It was worth above 500 Livers • the Blade was made and temper’d after their falhion. pek to the Eaft-Indies. Feb. ift 1599, the four Ships met together again before Madare : The Dutch had brought with them the Renegado, to mediate the liberty of their Prifo- tiers; but he could not prevail, becaufe the King ex¬ acted a great Ranfom ; therefore they refolved to have them by force, but the means they made'ufe of for their Deliverance, had no Succefs. In order to a full underftanding of this Affair, it is neceffary to relate the beginning of it. Whilft the Guelderland and the Zealand lay at An¬ chor before Joartam, the Admiral and the Vtretch took their courfe towards the Southerly point of Madare, and bad call Anchor before the little Town Arofobaia , a ftrong place, with thick Walls and Gates, ftrength- ned with Platforms, where the Inhabitants make a good Guard all Night, and which ferve them for a de¬ fence againft their Enemies. As foon as the Dutch arrived in that Road, they fent a Sloop and a fmall Boat a-lhoar, to buy fome Rice and other Refrelhments: The Sloop having her lading of Rice ran aground, becaufe the Water was fallen, and was forced to flay all Night without getting off; but the fmall Boat came on board, and gave an account of what paffed. In the meanwhile one of the Noblemen cqmplained to the King, that his Slaves had been killed by fome Men of the fame Nation, whofe Ships lay now at Anchor, which was true, and happened laft year, as you may fee in the Journal of the firft Voyage. The next day in the Morning, they fent a fmall Boat to know what condition the Sloop was in, and why (he tarried fo long. The Sloops Crew told them, they flay’d only for one or two Oxen the King fent to the Commander for a Prefent: After that anfwer, the little Boat mean’d to return on board to give that advice; but when fhe came to the Barriere, fhe was fent back to the Sloop. Such ill ufage obliged the Seamen to take down the Sloop’s Flag, to give notice to the Ships, that there was fome Diforder: But the Inlanders fet up the Flag again, hoping to draw the Ships nearer, and fo make themfelves Mailers of them: Upon the flop of the Sloop and the fmall Boat, Commiffioner Shuermans and four giore, went in a Capou to know what was the matter. 2 .6y 1 66 The Second Voyage of the Dutch But as foon as they catne near the (hoar, the Ijlm- ders made them Prifoners, and took away Sbuennan't Hat and Sword, all the reft were alfo dilarmed, their Money taken away, and Come of them ftripc - then they brought them to the Sloop. The King at the fame time had fent Men to carry the two Patereroes out of the fame Sloop, befides the Swords, Bandeleers, and Powder that was there: But the Prifoners had leave of the King,- to fend on board three of their Company, to let thejn know what happen’d ; on condition they (hould come again upon their Parole; and they were as good as,their word. Upon this News, the Admiral fent a fmall Boat to the Vice-Admiral, who was be¬ fore ’josrttm, to acquaint him of all things. The Iflandert of Madare purfued the Dutch Boat with a Galley, and thought to board her; but the Sloop of the Utrecht coming to her Succour, the Galley was for¬ ced to retire, and let her go. The Vice-Admiral having advice of all that had hap¬ pen’d, weighed Anchor, and failed to joyn the Ships that were before Anfobaya. After his Arrival, many Propofals were made, and feveral Letters fent on both fides for feveral days. TheRanfom demanded by the In¬ habitants was extravagant; they demanded the two biggeft pieces of Canon of the Admiral, a great many pieces of Woollen Cloth, and Velvet, and a thoufand pieces of Eight befides. The Admiral rejeded abfolutely fuch Conditions, and fent them word, that he could not difpofe of the Cannon but if they would be contented with a rea- fonable film of Money, he would give it them. The Negotiation linger’d three or four days, and the Jflan- ders were more ittff and nnreafonable than ever. However the Admiral of Madare, who mean’d to gratifie the Dutch,. prevail’d that eight or nine Men, and fhe.Canou (hould be fet at liberty, in order to return on board the Ships ; but as foon as they were gone, the Inhabitants were lorry for that Compliance, and fent the reft of the Prifoners into a Town, where they were ftri&ly guarded. The next day the greateft part of them were put into a Cave or Dungeon, at the top of a Mountain, where they had formerly kept many Portuguese Prifoners. They had nothing to lay upon ’em but a few Leaves of Trees, and would have ftar- to the Eaft-Tndies. ved, had not one of the King’s Guards fetch’: them fome Vi&uals from' the neighbouring Villages. The Admiral held a Council with the Commiffioners and Matters of Ships, upon advice, that their Coun¬ trymen were ftillon board the Sloop, for they knew nothing of their Imprifonment. It was refolved to at¬ tempt their Relief, for the Sloop lay ftill at the en¬ trance of the Harbour; and they did not queftion but they could eafily relieve, and carry off their Com¬ panions, whom they took by a miftake, to be ftill in the Sloop. To perform their Defign, they manned three Sloops and three Boats with 50 Men. As they were approaching the (hoar, they faw a multitude of Peo¬ ple before the Town, and two Portuguese with little Banners of Peace, who came to meet them, and tell them, that the Inhabitants were willing to agree; but it was only to gain time, to put themfelves in a po- flureof Defence. Upon fuch a Propofal 10 Musketeers landed, but the Inhabitants (hot upon them with their Fufils, and kill’d four or five of ’em. Then the Vice-Admiral cal- the reft on board his Sloop, to the end, that all the Sloops (hould get into the Harbour together, which they did. The Sloops and the Boats being near the Town, the Inhabitants made a Sally by another Gate, to block them up in the Harbour. The Dutch feeing their Defign, detatched two fmall Boats to fecure the Barriere; for if the Ijlanders had made them- fdves Matters of it, the Dutch would have been catch’d as in a Net. Whilft they were skirmilhing one againft another, the Inhabitants made a Difcharge of their Patereroes upon the Dutch ; they alfo (hot upon them with their Fufils and Bows, the Arrows falling as thick as Hail; but all their comfort was, that the Dutch would foon confume their Gunpowder, and then they would eafi¬ ly matter them. But after all the vigorous Refiftance of the Enemies, and a terrible Storm happening on a fudden, made the Dutch retire fooner than they thought for. They were gone but a little way, when the Ad¬ mirals Sloop mann’d with 36 Men, and the little Boat with The Second Voyage of the Dutch with 13. Men on board, over-turned by the violence and the breaking of the Sea ; but which was more grie¬ vous, the other Velfels could not help nor come at them, for they had much adoe to fave themfelves in fuch a great Storm ; fo that a great many Men were drown’d, or kill’d by the Inlanders. Thofe who had the good luck to be call: on the fide where the Renegado of Tuban was, were faved by his Interceflion, and only made Prifoners. As foonas they landed, they made them kneel down, and they put a handful of Sand upon their Head, as a Mark, that they faved their Life: Bui thofe that were call any where elfe, were all kill’d without Mercy ; and they were fo enraged againft the Dutch, that they leapt into the Water to kill them: So that of all the Seamen that were in the two Ships, 25 only were left alive, vi\. 15 of the Admirals Crew, one ol the Sloops, and nine of the Zealand's. That fame Evening thePrifoners were brought through the Town, and lodg’d in a Houfe: They put in Chains the Trumpeter, and the Corporal, and the reft were tied together, though three of them were dan- geroufly wounded. As to their Companions, whom they attempted to relieve, they had been divided in two Companies, and transported into feveral places. Feb. the 6th, tie laft Prifoners were alfo tranfporrcd into the Cave: They met in their way all their firlt Prifoners but fix, who were then, upon the remove to another Prifon. When they arriv’d at the Cave, the Chains of the Trumpeter, and the Corporal were took off The <]th they took them out of the Cave, and tranf- ported them again into the Town, where the Trum¬ peter and the Corporal were brought one after ano¬ ther before the King, who told the Corporal; if he would ftay with him in his Service, he would give him two of his Wives, an d be very kind to him. The Corporal reply’d, that he intended to go onboard the Ships again with his Companions, and was in hopes of being releafed by his Captain. After that they put them , all together, and condudl- ' ed them' through the City, and at the Gate they met the firlt Prifoners their- Comrades, fo that they were then to the EafMndies. 169 ihen 52, in all* and fo tranfported in a body to a frnall Ifland, and there ftridly guarded. On the 8 tb the Negotiation about their Ranfom was renewed, and at laft it was agreed,- that the Dutch fiiould pay 2000 pieces of Eight, on condition that if the Prifoners did not come on board all together, they ihould only pay for them as they were releafed, either in Woollen Cloth, or in Money, as the Inhabitants pleas’d. The 14 tb all the Prifoners came on board the Ships, except one, who of his own accord flay’d in the Town, and another who was not a Prifoner, but hid hitnfelf; both tarried willingly, and againft the Admi¬ rals Will. The fame day the Vtrccht dilcharged three Guns, to give notice that all the Seamen were on board, and about Evening the four Ships put to Sea. March ihe^d 1599, in the Morning they got into the Streight- of Amboine, which is very narrow : There was then a great Calm, during which, the ftrength of the Current drove them out of the Channel. In the Evening they arrived upon the Coaft of Amboine, be¬ fore a little Town called Itan. Amboine is one of the Moluques Iflands, fttuated 24 Leagues to the North-Weft of Banda : It is very fruit¬ ful in Cloves, and all forts of Fruit, as Oranges, Le¬ mons, Citrons, Bananes, Sugar-Canes, and others, which are there extraordinary cheap. The Inhabitants are poor, and miferabiy drelfed, as indeed they are in all the Moluque Iflands. They Trade in nothing but Cloves. They have Wooden Javelins with an iron Head, made like a Cramp-iron, which they fling with fo great dexterity and ftrength, that they can hit a half Crown piece a great way off: They alio make ufe of Daggers and Shields. The pooreft fort amongft them have always a Knife in their Hand to do their Work with: They make great Cakes, with Rice, Sugar, and dry Almonds, which are very good, and flop a Loofnefs: thefe they fell, or exchange in the neighbouring Iflands. Rice is a great help to them, for they ufe it for all things; they make Loavs of ic like Sugar-I.oavs, which they eat of at Meals. They fail with Galleys, and are very proud ofthetn. Their Galleys are fliap’d like a Dragon, and are good Sailers: they bear Flags and other little Ornaments. 170 The Second Voyage of the Dutch The Dutch had an opportunity, arid time enough to view them, when the Admiral of Amboine came to “vifit their Ships, with three of their bed and fined Galleys, which they call Camcoores. They were very well manned with many Men, and with all Warlike neceflaries for Sea and Land. He (hew’d in that Vifit, all marks of Rejoycing: His Men fung, and beat upon copper Bafons, and long Drums, obferving a Mufical proportion, which they anfwer’d with their Voices, and their Rowing, and indeed the whole was pleafant enough. Each Caracoole or Galley carried three Patereroes, which they difcharged to honour the Dutch, who al- fo made a general Difcharge of their Artillery : But notwithftanding all thefe Civilities, the Dutch flood upon the Watch, becaufe they had advice, that the JJlanders had been upon the Guard all Night near the fhoar, fometimes in one place, fometimes in ano¬ ther. Their Admiral came on board the Dutch Ships, and asked them whence they came, and for what Dc- flgn ; they anfwer’d, they were come to trade, and for that purpofe had brought with them feveral Mer- chandile. He was very well pleafed with it, and told them if they would land, they might trade fairly with them. Upon that offer, the Vice-Admiral went a-lhoar the next day, where the Inhabitants received him very kind¬ ly, and conduced him under a Tent.made with the Sails of Ships tied to Trees.- Here they had a long Dif- courfe together. ‘ Many are of opinion, that Amboine is one of the * Molitqucs Iflands, becaufe it produceth Cloves, and ‘ that they think that Spice grows no where elfe, but ‘ in the Molitqucs : But you muft know, that the three ‘ Klands which Ptolomem call’d SiniLts, viz. Ctlcbe, Gi- ‘ lodo, and Amboine , and thofe by the Portuguese cal- ‘ fed Molitqucs, are not far one from another. The ‘ Mol'uques according to the opinion of ancient Cofmo- 1 graphevs, were comprehended with the Shides, fo that ‘ it may be, the Cloves have been brought from the ‘ adjacent Iflands to Amboine, where the Inhabitants ‘ have learnt to cultivate and improve it. ‘ Amboine to the Eaft-Indies. * Amboine was formerly untilled and unfruitful, and the Inhabitants thereof were famous Pirates and Men- 1 Eaters r .Sotne Authors relate, that when their Fa* ‘ thers were grown old to a certain Age, or were very ‘ Sick, they ufed to kill them, and eat them together ‘ in a great Feaft. ‘ That Ifland was difeover’d by the Portuguese in ‘ the year 1515, under the command of Antonio Abreo, ‘ who in Memory thereof ere&ed a Triumphal Mo- ‘nuinent in it: And the reafon why the Portuguese' ‘ have been fo angry with the Dutch, is, becaufe they 1 made an Alliance with the Inhabitants of Amboine, ‘andfo ingrofs’d the whole Trade of that Ifland, and ‘ of all the Moluques. ‘ But the Portuguese to flop their Progrefs, fitted ‘ out in the year 1601, a Fleet of 30 Ships, under the ‘command of Andrew Furtado Monies*, to attack the ‘ Dutch Ships that traded in thofe Iflands: They thought 1 firlt to ruin and deftroy the Dutch, and then to force 1 the IJi.mders to quit their Party, and trade only with ' them. * But in that time the Dutch had five great Ships in 1 the Harbour of Banda, who after a long and cruel 1 Fight, routed the Portuguese, and put them to Flight: ‘ The Portuguese full of fpire and rage failed into Itan, ‘the capital City of Amboine, and murthered cruelly, ‘and without diftin&ion all the Inhabitants, and pull’d ‘up the Clove-Trees by the Root, that the Dutch ‘might reap no benefit by them. After that, they for- ‘ titled the Intrenchments they had there already, and ‘ polled fo ftrong a Guard all about, that they thought ‘the Dutch would not venture to come in there a- ‘ gain. ‘ The news of this A&ion being foon brought into 'Holland, the States-General fitted out a Fleet of ‘ twelve Ships for the Moltiques } under the command of ‘ Stephen Verhagen. They arrived and call Anchor in ‘the Road of Amboine, the ary?of February, andpre- ‘ fendy it was refolved to attack the Fort of the Por- 'tuguese-, but before the Attack, the Governor of the ‘ Fort fent two of his Men to the Dutch, to know upon 'what account they came before the Fort, which was ‘milled to his Guard by the mighty King of Spain., ! The Dutch Admiral fent him word he was fent by ‘the Z7I The Second Voyage of the Dutch ‘ the States-General; and. Prince Maurice, to reduce ‘ the Fort, and the whole Ifland under their Power. , , ‘ After that Declaration, they advanced near the Fort; ‘ but the Governor having taken a view of the Dutch ‘ Forces, loft courage, and capitulated without any * refiftance, or difcharging a Gun. By the Articles of the ‘ Capitulation, the Portuguese were to go out of the ‘ Fort with their Arms; thofe that were Marryed,.and ‘ were willing to tarry, (hould fwear to be true to the ‘ States-General, and to Prince Maurice j fome of them ‘ took that Oath and ftay’d. ‘ The Dutch took pqffeflion of the Fort, and fet up * the Prince’s Colours: They gave to 600 Portuguese ‘ who were in the Fort, two Ships, that the Dutch had 1 taken before at Sea, to carry them where they had a ‘ mind to go. Then they made fome Difcharges of ‘ their Artillery for Joy, and provided the Fort with * all neceffary Ammunition. Frederick. Hootman was ‘ made Governor of it, and found 30 pieces of Cannon, ‘ and a great deal of Ammunition in it. March the 6th, the Vice-Admiral landed again with the Under-Coommiflioners, to fpeak with the Captain of the Galley, and know of him, whether he could -find in the Ifland Merchandife enough to lade his Ships. The Governors of the Country came to meet him, and after many Compliments, they told him, he fliould find enough for the lading of two Ships, which was good hews to the Dutch. In the Afternoon the Vice-Admiral came on board again, and brought with him the King of Xemail Brother, with a great number of their Nobility, who came to fee the Ships, and admired how they were fo well provided of ail things. The 8 th they gave a Houfe to the Dutch, to lay in their Merchandife. ‘ The Council of the Fleet feeing that they could * have but the lading of two Ships in that Ifland, ‘ thought fit to feparate the four Ships ; therefore it ' ‘ was refolved, that the Zealand and the Guelderlad * fl.ould fail to Banda , and the Amfterdam and the ‘ Vtretch Ihould ftay at Amboine. We (hall firft give ' an account of the two Ships that failed to Bandi ‘and then return to the other two, who after flaying ‘ fome time at Amboine, failed to the Molujucs. By this ‘ means the Reader will have a compleac account cf m to the Eaft-Indies. ‘ the Voyage of the eight Ships that failed from Hoi- ‘ land to the Eafi-Indies, March the nth 1 599. the Zealand, and the Guelder land, failed from Arnicine towards the Illand of Banda, which they defery’d the sith in the Evening. The next Night they came to Pido Semn, which lies at the North-Weft end of Banda , about five Leagues off it. That Illand is uninhabited, and r.o body dare venture to live inic, becaufe if we believe the Natives of thd neighbouring Country, the Devil dwells in it. They are info greac fear of him, that when their Ships are obliged to fail near the Illand, they make all the- haft they can to pafs it. The 15 th, they difeover’d two other final! Illands about a League and a half to the South- v/eft of Ban¬ da, one named Pido Ttfai, the other Pido [{ion ; and in the Evening they caft Anchor in the River of Banda. Prefently feveral Pirogues came on board the Ships, who told them they fliould find Merchandife enough to lade their Ships, and ihew’d them at the fame time a Pattern of Mace, Nutmegs, and Cloves. On the 1 6th a S.tbandar came on board to fpeak with the Admiral, and the 17 tl: the Sabandar of the fmall Town of Or at tan coming likewife on board, the Dutch offer’d to make him a Prefent, but he refnfed it, and faid, he would come again the next day. He came again the next day, and agreed with the Dutch, that they Ihould pay the value of five Quintals of Macc for all Rights, Duties, liberty of Trading, Selling, Buy¬ ing , and for a convenient Houfe to lay in their Merchandife. Having made fuch an Agreement, the Dutch fent the next day Carpenters to repair and fit the Houfe, where they tranfported their Commodities the 23d of that Month. The fame day the Vice-Admiral failed on the other Me of the Illand towards a little Town called Hera, where he hired another Houfe, becaufe he found there a better Trade than at Orattan. From the 28 th of March, till the 2 d of April, they were bull’d in buying and felling, and they bought a great deal of Mace and Nutmegs. On the i,th .of April 1599, they had Letters from Amboine, in which the Admiral fent them word, that he could not find Merchandife enough to have his la- T ding, 174 77 ;e Second Voyage of the Dutch ding, becaufe the Inhabitants were in War with the Portuguese, who were dill in polfeflion of the Fort mentioned before, which then annoy’d the Ijlanders ve¬ ry much, with a defign to force’ the Dutch to quit that Country. The •yth the Inhabitants of Nera prohibited the Dutch to trade, unlefs they madefome Prefentsto the No¬ bles, and agree with them. Upon that the Commif- fioner of the Zealand landed, and agreed with them for 60 pounds of Mace, after which they had leave to trade freely as before. All the reft of the Month of April , and during fome days of May, they unladed Goods, and exchanged them for Nutmegs and Cloves. The Dutch Commodities were .. very much fought after, and fold prefently; the Buy¬ ers crowding fo mightily, that there was not enough for all, and the Seamen were employed all day long in weighing them. They gave for a Bar of Mace, which is a hundred pounds of Banda weight, and 525 pounds of Dutch weight, 68 Reals of Eight: The Bar of Cloves coll ’em 45 Reals, that of Nutmegs, fix Reals; but the Natives foon raffed the price of them. May the 8 tb 1599, they killed a Serpent on board the Zealand, which was eleven Foot long, and eat it. The Ifland of Banda lies in 41 Deg. and a hall South Lat. four and twenty Leagues off Amboint, There are two other fmall Iflands juft by it, that are call'd after it by the fame name; fome have writ, that it is of the figure of a Horfe-Ihoe, and extendi from North to South, being three Leagues in length, and a League in breadth. It goes beyond all the other Iflands in plenty of Nutmegs and Mace. Nera is the chief Town. The Inhabitants thereof are always in War with another fmall Town called U- beraca, which lies but a League off. The occafion o( that War, which had lafted many years, was becaufe the Inhabitants of Laberaca had pull’d down fome Trees in the Territory of Nera ; for that only reafon, they were fo incenfed one againft another, that the)' gave no quarter upon any Encounter. Amongft other Fights, there happened a particular Gfe, January the 5 th 1599, the Laberacians came one da) I to the Eaft-Indies. day before New with eight Galleys, where they fought againft the Neracians, and killed and wounded a great many. Thofe of Nera refolving to revenge themfelves, waited fa: an opportunity; and accordingly the 17 tb of the fame Month, they wen: out reinforced by the Inhabitants of Lontoay, and Pido Wai, and failed with five Gallies towards a fmall Ifland called PFayer, the In¬ habitants of which were the Confederates of the La- kracians, and kept a watch every Night at Laba- The Inhabitants of Neva having landed in the Ifland of iVayer , murthered all the People they found there, and took away all the Heads [fring'd in a Rope, as a Mark of their Vidfory, putting up their Flags, and fi¬ ring their Patereroes for Joy. They took amongft the Prifoners a Woman, whom they cut in two from the top to the toe with a Dagger. After that, they ftrutted about for four or five days, and (hewing their Poniards ftain’d with the blood of this poor Woman,and applauding themfelves for the good fuccefsof that Expedition. They expofed the Heads they had cut off before the Houfe of the Sabandar, upon a great ftone, that every body might fee them, as the proofs of their va¬ lour againft their Enemies: And about an hour after, they wrapped them in a piece of Callico, and lay¬ ing them upon a large Platter, buryed ’em with great Ceremony, and the burning of a great deal of Frankin- cenfe. Their Galleys are but of a thin and flight Timber, tied together with Cords ; The (ide-boards are a Fa¬ thom diftant one from another.: They take great care that the Boards fliould be very even, to joyn ex- adily together, and they joyn them with two pieces of Timber on bothfides, which isfufficieot to tie and fa¬ llen them together. They make noufeof Pitch and Tar, but they take the lhells of the biggeft Nuts, as Calc pas, or Coco- Nuts, and beat them very well with a Mallet into Tow, in order to caulk the Veflel. Then they ruband flop the Holes and Chinks with a Compofition made with Lime and other Matters, which preferve the Ships as well as our Pitch and Tar. When thofe Galleys go to Sea upon any Expedition, there is fo great a noift; of Out-cries, beating of Drums, T 3, and The Second Voyage of the Dutch and of Copper Batons, that one would think they are all Mad. The Nobles who are on board, Jump, Dance, and play a hundred tricks with their Arms. On both fides of the Galley there is a Gallery, or a kind of a Deck made of Rudies, which juts out ve¬ ry near the Water. The Slaves fit upon that Galle¬ ry, two or three in a row : The Oars are like Shovels, with' which they roiy over their Heads, being divert¬ ed in the mean time by Singing, and beating of Drums, and Copper Bafons. By fuch a way of rowing, their Galleys go as fall: as any Ship can fail with a fair Wind; they are commonly mounted with two Patereroes, which they ufe pretty dexteroufly. The Inhabitants of Banda, and the other adjacent Iflands, are for the moft part Mahometans, and very religious obferversof that Profeflion ; for they never mount or difmount the Guard, without faying their Prayers in their Church, and without waihing their Feet; and there is for that purpofe always Water in great Pots before the Mostly, When they arewalhed, they go into the Moskey, and fay their Prayers, or rather they howl and cry fo loud, that you may hear them a great way oft'. Commonly they fay one word two or three times over again, and at the end of their Prayers, they rub gently their Face with their Hand ; but they have other prayers which they fay with a low Voice, and after an extraordinary way: For they fpread upon the Ground a Mat, and (land¬ ing upon it life up their Eyes to Heaven three or four times; then kneeling down, they lay their Head down upon the Ground, two or three times. This way of praying is very ufual amongft them at home, and in the Moskey, and every where elfe when they pray. They often feaft in their Churches, and every one "bringing his diftiof Meat, eat all together. They al- fo do the fame in a Wood, in the middle of the Ifland upon a Mountain, where they meet to the num¬ ber of an hundred Perfons at a time. They common¬ ly affemble there, when they mean to confulc toge¬ ther about affairs of State, or concerning their Confe¬ derates, whom they regale after the following manner, when they come to Neva with their Galleys, to fight their common Enemies. Tirft to the Eaft-Indies. Firft they all fit down in the middle of the Street, then they ferve up to each of them upon a Leaf of Banane, or of a Fig-Tree, a bit of Bread called Saga, with a little Rice, and Broath over it: They take that Meat with both Hands, and throw it into thpir Mouths like Beafts. During the Feaft ,■ two NobTe- Men divert the Company with Fighting, Dancing and Jumping, and when they are weary, two more come to take their place, and fo on as long as the Feaft Jails. I told you before, that thofe IJlanders mortally hate one another, and therefore they keep a ftrong and ftritft Guard in the Woods, that lie along the Sea fide, and watch their Enemies to fight them. They make ufe of a Buckler four foot long, and of a hea¬ vy long Dagger, which they handle very nimbly ; for the Parents teach their Children to ufe their Arms with great dexterity. They have alfo Muskets and Patereroes; and when they go upon an Expedition, they wear long Jave¬ lins, about a Fathom and a half in length, which they fling with a juft aim, and with fuch ftrength, that they may run a Man through. Then they fake their Daggers in their Hands, and fight with great cou¬ rage. They make ufe alfo of another Weapon made like a little Cramp-iron, fattened at the end of a ftick, and tyed with a ftring. They caft it like an Arrow againft the Enemy, and draw it in again with the ftring. They have Head-pieces which they value very much; thefe are made like Cocks Combs, and at the top of them is a Bird of Paradife, inftead of Feathers; for they are very confident that this Bird will preferve them. , Noblemen make ufe of Armour, and think them- felves very fafe with it againft Blows and Wounds. In general, they are good and valiant Soldiers , but implacable Enemies, giving no quarter, and never for¬ giving. Amongft their Diverfions and Sports, they play migh¬ tily at Foot-Ball, as our Apprentices do here in Win¬ ter time: Some are fo nimble at it, that they will kick the Ball in the Air with their Foot, and never touch it with their Hands, T 3 *77 When 4,78 The Second Voyage of the Dutch When they die, the Women howl and cry out ter¬ ribly, thinking their Outeries will awake and raife the Dead : But finding the Dead do not rife, they prepare a great Feaft, where the Relations and Friends are invited ; then they all go in ceremony- to the Burial, which is perform’d after the fame manner as in Hol¬ land, excepting that they have a white Callico Pali. The Corps are carry’d upon Men’s flioulders, the Men going before, and the Women behind. The Corps being buried, they burn Night and Day Frankipcenfe upon the Grave, and light a Lamp over it in the Night-time; and the Inhabitants of all Ranks go every Morning and Evening for feveral Days to¬ gether, to fay their Prayers upon the Tomb. The Dutch asked them what was the meaning of fuc’n Pray¬ ers, they told them they pray’d to hinder the Dead to rife again, believing that if they did not pray, the Dead would certainly rife again. The People of that Country live to a great Age. The Dutch frequently faw a Man that was 130 years old, and feveral above a hundred years of Age : The Aden are always walking abroad, and the Women are at home at Work ; for befides the Houfe-Work, they employ themfelves in drying of Nutmegs, and (helling them. This admirable Fruit, which is fo much valued, grows in no place in the World that we know of, but in the Ifland of Panda, and in a few other fmall neighbour¬ ing Iflan'ds, namely, Grattan , Gtiimanafa, Waycr, Pulo MHi, and Pulo PJon. The Tree bears Fruit three times in the year, t-i'y. in April, Auguft , and Decem¬ ber. April Nutmegs are the belt, and the Crop in that Month is more plentiful, than in the other two Months. 'The Nurmcg-Tree is much like a Peach-Tree, on¬ ly the Leaves are fiiorter and rounder. The Fruit is at firit cover’d with a thick flnell, like a Walnut-fliell ; when it ripens, that (hell ope.tis it felf, and then you fee " a fine fmooth Skin or Pill which covers the Nut¬ meg, and that Skin is the Flower of it, or Mace: Next to that thin Skin, you fi.tid another which is har¬ der, and blackith, and much /ike Walnur-ftiells 3 and when you open this laft lhell, yipu fee the Nutmeg. ' Mace to the Eaft-Indies. vj 9 Mace is at firft of a fine Scarlet colour, but when it is ripe it goeth off the (hell, and aflumes an Orange colour, as you fee it here. They preferve whole Nut¬ megs with Sugar, which make the belt Sweet-Meats in the Indies, and are much efteem’d. The Inhabitants of Banda call Nutmegs Palla, and Mace Buaa Palla : There are two forts of Nutmegs, fome are long and called Males, others round and red- ilh, which have a better rafte than the firft. NoFruic in the World is better to ftrengthen the Brain and the Memory, to warm theStomack, to fweeten the Breath, to provoke Urine. It is Sovereign againft Wind, Loofe- neffes, Head-Ach, Pain in the Stomack, Heat of the Li¬ ver, and ftoppage of the Womb. Oyl of Nutmegs is an admirable Cordial Mede- cine: Mace is a fpecial Remedy againft the weaknefs of the Stomack, it helps Digeftion, confumes ill Hu¬ mours, and drives out the Wind ; it keeps above nine years good and wholfom : A Plalter made with Mace and Nutmeg beaten to powder, diluted with Rofewa- ter, and applied to the Stomack, ftrengthens it migh¬ tily. This precious Fruit growing only in Banda, and o- ther fmall Iflands, the Merchants of Java, Malacca , China, and from all the parts of the Indies, come to Neea and other Towns of Banda , to buy Nutmegs and Mace. As foon as thefe Merchants are arrived in the Ifland, they buy a Wife to keep their Houfe, and drefs their Viiftuals, as long as they tarry there, which may be two or three Months: And when they go away into their own Country again, they give the liberty to their Wife, to go where file pleafes, or they fell her. ‘ The Dutch Eafl-lndia Company hath now (at the ' writing of this Journal) two Forts built in the Ifland ‘ of Banda , the Fort of Najfau, and the Fort Bel- ‘ gic!{_- under which the Ships may anchor at a Muf- ‘ ket-fhot, upon 7,8, and 1 o Fathoms. ‘ The Country is very Hilly. The Government is ‘a kind of a Common* wealth; the Affairs are managed ‘by the Mahometan Clergy, who are mighty ftridfc ‘ and fevere. There is not in the whole Ifland above ‘eleven or 12000 Souls, and about 4000 fighting I Men. T 4 They 2,80 The Second Voy age of the Dutch ‘ They trade in feveral forts of Garments which ‘ come from the Coaft of Coromandel ; in Rice, Chi- ‘ na Ware, Velvets, Damasks, red Cloth, Fjc, The e Ammunitions'for the Forts, are imported from other ‘ places. The Inhabitants are couragious, and cannot * eafily befubdued, but by taking their Jonqv.es which * bring them Vi&uals. July id 1599, the Vice-Admiral landed , and took his leave of the Sabandars and Nobles: He recom¬ mended to them the Dutchmen he intended to leave be¬ hind him in the Illand, and after defiring them to take them under their Protection, made them feme .Pre- fents. The 5 th the two Ships put to Sea, they left in Ban¬ da 10 Men with Money and Goods, to buy Nutmegs and Mace, and to get them ready to Embark, when the Ships Ihould arrive from Holland. Deccmb.%tb 1599, about Noon they call Anchor in the Road of St. Helens, where they ftay’d till the firft of January 1600. The 1 jt/j of April they arrived at Dover. Here the Vice-Admiral received Letters from London. From thence they failed into the Tex el, and came before Amfterdam, where all the Nutmegs were expofed in the fight of all the People, who crowded . from every corner to fee them, and were carried into the Ware-Houfe. The Nutmegs were fo fine and lb found, that they made Oyl out of fome of them; and certainly none were ever brought from Lisbon, that were fo good. The fmell of them perfumed all the Houfes about. I come now to the two other Ships, the Amfterdam and the Vtretcb, who were left upon the Coaft of Amboine. March i