AVERY ARCHITECTURAL AND FINE ARTS LIBRARY Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library HISTORICAL SKETCH OF RAMMAR School J)o. 3 GROVE AND HUDSON STREETS NEW YORK CITY BY CHARLES A. HALE. Historian (Class of '82) Organized Vlay 25^h, 1818 COMPLIMENTS OF THE B. D L. SOUTHERLAMD ASSOCIATION (Alumni of Public School No. 3) A. D. 1918 INTRODUCTION ONE of the products of our free institutions is the Public School. It was a necessary institution, designed to complete the true spirit of a free and enlightened people, for it not only qualifies them for self-government by instilling into the minds of the pupils such in- formation and knowledge as will enable them to properly perform those civic duties which the obligations of American citizenship will later im- pose upon them, and which are somewhat exacting if a man be patriotic enough not to shirk them, but it also makes them competent to provide for themselves and maintain their families with some degree of comfort, if not in a luxurious manner. Aside from this important matter of education, the Public School is one of the greatest instrumentalities for the promotion of democracy that exists, for it permits no class distinctions, and in the classroom and playground every pupil is placed on the same level, in the former gradually becoming accustomed to speak in public without feeling embarrassed, and in the latter the physical side of his nature is developed and he becomes able to assert his rights when the necessity for it arises. At present we not only utilize the school building for the instruction of the youth, but for civic purposes also, and the public forum has been established therein where public questions are considered and discussed, 3 lectures delivered, and even dancing and other social diversions indulged in, so that, all in all, the taxpayers now receive the largest possible returns from their investment. This new departure in the use of our school properties tends to emphasize the social, ethical and political sides of man's nature and, by bringing him into closer contact with his neighbors, promotes fraternity and patriotism. The first school on Manhattan Island was established by the Dut 'h at New Amsterdam in 1637 and Ad"m Rcelantsen was appointed School- master. The house where he taught school, erected in 1642, stood on Stone Street on what is now the Produce Exchange, a'ld its site was marked by a tablet in 1910 by the Schoolmasters' Club of New York. One of the le.-iders in the moveme'it for genuine public education in this country was the great statesman. Thomas Jefferson, who first intro- duced into the Virginia Legislature in 1779 a bill jirovidirg for a very comprehensive plan for universal education which mot the most discourag- ing opposition ; and, although he did not live to see his ideas carried out, yet in 1818, the year in which our own school was established, some of his suggestions were adopted and an impetus given to universal educa- tion, and as a result of this agitation the University of Virginia was founded in 1820. In the beginning of the 19th century there were three ways ojieii to the children of New York City by which they could procure an educa- tion — by means of schools maintained by the different religious denomina- tions, by private schools and by charity schools — but as all combined were inadequate to meet the demands imposed upon them, certain promi- nent citizens in 1805 organized The Free School Society of New York, with De Witt Clinton, then 3Iayor of the City and afterwards Governor of the State, as its President, and in May, 1806, it established Free School No. 1 in the lower part of the City, and on November 18th, 1811, it opened Free School No. 2 in Henry Street. In 1812 the State of New York started the first system of public education adjusted to the political and social conditions of the new nation, and probably had the most effective schools of that period, but it was not until between 1835 and 1860 that the people were fully willing to contribute towards a general public school system, making it entirely free, or to develop it consistently in all directions. In 1842 the New York Legislature created the Board of Education of New York City, but it was not until the year 1853 that it acquired general supervision over all the free schools of the future metropolis, during which year The Free School Society transferred its schools to the Board of Education of the city. 5 GRAMMAR SCHOOL No. 3 Early in 1818 the Trustees of The Free School Society saw the importance of establishing a school in the northwestern section of the city and having received information that a room on the second floor of the old Watch House or Police Station, corner of Christopher and Hudson Streets, could be procured from the corporation of the city for school purposes, appointed a committee consisting of Thomas C. Taylor, Najah Taylor and John R. Murray, to make application for the premises, and if found suitable, to prepare them for the reception of pupils. It reported on May 1st that the arrangements had been made and Shepherd .Johnston, who had been trained in Free School No. 1, was appointed teacher at five hundred dollars per year. He was the pioneer of a large number of teachers who were trained under the direction of the Society. Grammar School No. 3 was opened on May 25, 1818, with 51 pupils, the number being increased to 190 before June 5th. It increased in numbers so rapidly that at the meeting of the Board, held on June 23d, it was reported that 216 scholars had been admitted, with a regular attendance of over two hundred, and the room not being large enough, the upper floor was then taken for school purposes. On December 4th the Board of Trustees took the following action : ''Resolved, that, on account ol' the increased size of Shepherd Johnston's School, and the satisfactory discharge of duty on his part, liis salary be increased to $800 to date from the first of November last." The great increase in the number of pupils at No. 3 rendered addi- tional space necessary. A committee was therefore appointed and in December a report was submitted recommending that a new building be erected on the lots granted by Trinity Church at the corner of Grove and Hudson Streets and at the same time plans and estimates were sub- mitted for it, the estimated cost being $8,500. The recommendations were adopted. The tenure of the ground, as granted by the Corporation of Trinity Church, did not secure it absolutely to The Free School Society, and at the following meeting the matter was reconsidered and a committee con- sisting of John fi. Murray. William Torrey and Benjamin Clark was appointed to consult with the Vestry of Trinity Church to ascertain if the privileges desired could not be obtained. This conference resulted in a proposition that if the Society would release a certain portion of the property on Hudson Street, the Vestry would convey the title to the remainder in fee simple to the Society. These terms were deemed favor- able and the committee was directed to consumm.ate the arrangement. 7 The negotiations were terminated, however, by the payment of $1,250.00 on the part of the Society as purchase money for the whole of the lots. The first school building of old No. 3 was a wooden structure, 45 feet by 80 feet, erected in 1820 on Grove Street near Hudson Street, and was opened for boys on October 15th of that year, and for girls the following Monday, October 22d, and after having been altered and re- paired many times, it was finally replaced in 1860 by the handsome brick and stone structure which was the school-home we boys loved so much and which now, sad to say, exists only in fond memory's recollection. In 1888 an annex was built on the old schoolhouse which served its purpo.^e for a time but by the time the next decade rolled around had become cramped for room. While the school authorities were contemplating.:- another change in old No. 8, it was swept away by a disastrous fiie on February 14th, 1905, its library containing many valuable books, oil paint- ings (the gifts of former graduating classes) and its celebrated electrical apparatus being consumed by the confiagration. in 1905-06 the present school No. 3 was erected, to which the auditorium was added in 1916. and in the same year The B. D L. Southerland Association of drove Street Grammar School No. 3 was instrumental in having it nanicd the R. D L. Southerland School in honor of its former beloved Principal. Tn the early days of our school it was famous for its "sand system" s GRAMMAR SCHOOL No. 3 Curner Grove and Hudson Slreets. This Building Erected 1S6() Destroyed by Fire on February I 'lth, 1905 which was a table provided I'or the youngest scholars; it was hl'teen feet long and six inches wide and was divided longitudinally into two parts, one-half being set off so as to form a shallow tray, with an enclosing rail or ledge about one inch high. The bottom of the tray was stained or painted black and over it was spread a thin coating of sand. The table was provided with a "sand-smoother" made of sole leather into the edge of which three notches were cut so that, when used, it left three ridges or rules the entire length of the table. In the sand thus ruled the beginners were taught to form letters, using a stick about as thick as a quill and four inches long. In its day this sand system was considered a great iiuprt)venK'ii( and so remarkable that when General LaFayette was invited to inspect the work accomplished by the schools of The Free School Society, he was escorted, on September 10th. 1824, to School No. 8. where a certificate of membership in the Society was presented to him by Vice-President Bleecker in the girls' room in the presence of "many of the Trustees, the Mayor, several Aldermen and a large assemblage of Ladies and Gentlemen. A pretty little poetic address to the General was then spoken in concert by a number of the girls." In the boys' room "an address written for the occasion was delivered by a small lad on behalf of his fellows." About 500 boys and :-)00 girls were in attendance. 10 This important event has now been marked in enduring bronze by one of old No. 3's former pupils, a member of a celebrated family of boys who attended the school in the late seventies and early eighties, Charles Rollinson Lamb, who also designed the tablet whose inscription reads as follows : "On September 10th. 1824, MAHQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, Major-General in the American Army during the War of the Revolution, visited Public School .No. 3, which was selected as the Best example of the Public School System established by the Free School Society of the City of New York. In Memory of that event this Tablet is erected by a former pupil of the school under the direction of the Board of Education, A. 1). 1911." The following excerpts from the minutes of the Board of Trustees are of interest to us : Noveiiiber ."», LS24: Crackers and cheese for children and carriage hire attending LaFayette, $10.60 and $27.43— $38.03 >'oveiiiber 2, \S'2'>: A handsome specimen of needlework, executed and presented to the Trustees by Elizabeth Onderdonk, a pupil in Xo. 3. was ordered to be framed under the direction of the Committee of Supplies and hung in the Session Room (which was located in Public School .\o. 1). 11 .liiimaiy «. 1>*2d C. .Andrews, Cashier Chase .National Bank 19 Arthur T. Billings, Assistant Secretary No. British & .Mercantile Insurance Co. Miss Stanleyetta Titus, first woman lawyer of New York. .Miss Mary F. Magulre. Principal P. S. No. 3. John E Wade, Principal P. S. No. 3 and P. S. No. 9.5 . Hon. Isidor Sobel, President Postmasters' Assn. of 1st Class Cities of I . S. James R. McAfee, President George Hayes Co. Hon. Charles W. Culkin, prominent politician. Artists- Charles R. Lamb and William S. Eddy. Merchants- William J. Dixon and David D. Acker (Acker. .Merrall Co.). Physicians: Dr. Alvah H. Newman, Dr. Walter S. Brouner. Dr. Harry J. Spaldin. " Dr Clifford B. Maclntyre, Dr. Charles A. Neafie. Ministers- Rev. Frederick H. Knubel, Rev. George W. Grinton, Rev. Charles H. Cool man. Rev. Jacob Probst, Rev. William J. Lockhart, Rev. Albert G. Lawson. Hon. George W. Olvany. Deputy Fire Commissioner, under Mayor Gaynor. William V. Hudson, Secretary-Treasurer West Side Savings Bank. Daniel H. Rogers. Mechanics & Metals Bank. Hankers: John S. Scully, Charles D. Lithgow, William \V. Cohen. Clifford P. Hunt. Assistant Cashier, Bank of New York. John J. Broderick. Treasurer, Hudson Trust Co. Irving S. Gregory, Assistant Cashier. Merchants National Bank. .Moses Tanenbaum, Insurance. .lohn P. Laird, Assistant Cashier. Atlantic Rank. I'olice Captains: William H. Scoble, Ed. J. Bourke. 20 HEAD MASTERS OK PRIN( IPALS OF G. S. No. 3 SINCE ITS ORGANIZATION, MAY 25, 1818 KOYS' DKI'AKTMENT. Shepherd Johnston, until March 22, 1825. Benjamin F. Hart, until October 18, 1835. Dr. David Patterson, until 1867. Benjamin D. L. Southerland, until .lune oO. 19iJ2. Henry E. .Jenkins, until February 14, 1905. Bernard Cronson, until March, 1911. .lohn E. Wade, until February, 1912. (JIKL!S' I)i;r.\l{T.ME.\T. .Miss Sarah F. Field, until May 15, 1821. Miss Maria Field (sister), until 1825 Miss Catherine R. Dean, until 1827. .Miss Frances M. Hart, until 1831. .Miss Isabella F. McCormack, until 1x71. .Miss Elizabeth A. Pope, until 190:;. (For a time the men principals were in charge ) .Miss Mary Frances Maguire, until October 19. 1916. .Miss Loretto M. Rochester (at present). 21 B. D L, SOUTHERLAND SCHOOL. P. S. No 3 Erected 1905 06 Among the many persons, more or less distinguished, who have been connected with old No. 3 at one time or another, either as teacher, Prin- cipal or Trustee, are the following: Trustees — Hon. James W. Booth, William J. Van Arsdale, Colonel Edward M. L. Ehlers, John P. Faure, Charles S. Wright, Arthur Kennedy, and James W. Farr. A former Prin- cipal, Henry E. Jenkins, and a former teacher of Class A, Cecil A. Kidd, are now District School Superintendents; James T. Carey, a former teacher of Class A, is now Principal of P. S. 110, Brooklyn; Edward C. Zabriskie, former teacher, is now Principal of the Washington Irvine High School; and John E. Wade, former pupil, was Principal of No. 3 and is at present Principal of P. S. No. 95 in Clarkson Street. One of the activities started at the Southerland School within the last few months is an experimental centre established by the Mayor's Committee of Women on National Defense. The main idea is to keep the children off the narrow streets where they are in danger from automobiles, etc., and to gather them into the old school where they are given lessons in sewing, cooking, knitting, dancing and dramatics. Once a week the children attend the Hudson Park Library for a story hour. The centre is opened for five days each week from three o'clock until six o'clock in the afternoon and on Saturdays from nine o'clock until six o'clock and is under the direction of the Board of Education, assisted by volunteers who are interested in making better citizens of New York's youth. If this experiment proves to be a success other industrial and educational centres will be established in those parts of the city where hundreds of small children must either play in the streets or not play at all. There has also been organized the B. D L. Southerland Community Centre, under the direction of a former graduate (who is also a mem- ber of the Local School Board), whose activities include: Red Cross Auxiliary No. 228 with 94 members and Unit No. 271 of the Comforts Committee of the Navy League with 135 members. On Wednesday eve- nings a concert in conjunction with a Community Chorus is given free. A playground for boys is in operation four nights a week. At stated intervals talks are given on current events such as P^ood Conservation, etc. A class in military instruction for drafted men will be in operation tor drills on the roof of the auditorium two evenings a week. It is a pleasure to note that old No. 3 still keeps up to its reputation as a pioneer in all kinds of good work. On the evening of Wednesday, November 1 !th. 1917. the B. D L. Southerland Association of Grove Street Grammar School No. 3 com- memorated the distinguished services of Mr. Southerland by presenting a beautiful bronze tablet in his honor. It was placed in the new audi- torium. An attractive program had Ix'cn arranged, the in-esiMitation ad- 24 dress having been delivered by the President of the Association, Mr. Charles C. Springhorn, and the acceptance for the Board of Education by the Honorable Ernest F. Eilert, one of the Commissioners, and for the B. D L. Southerland School, by its Principal, Miss Loretto M. Rochester. 26 HONOR ROLL MEMBERS OF THE B. D L. SOUTHERLAND ASSOQATION IN WAR SERVICE G. A. BURKE, '04 Private, Army AUSTIN C. BAMFORI), '95 1st Lieutenant, 165th Infantry, U. S. N. G EDWIX F. COPELAND, '05 Navy, Hospital Corps FRANK ('. COLLINS, '92 1st Lvieut., Navy \VILLLA.1M J. GRAHAM. '92 Ensign, Navy, U. S. S. Pocahontas ANDREW J. HUDSON, '96 Captain, Army MILTON F. HARRIS. '01 1st Lieut.. Army, Sanitary Corps. U. S. R AUGUSTUS MacCOLLOM, '88 1st Lieut., Navy, U. S. S. Indiana WILLIAM W. NEILSON. '02 2nd Lieutenant. Army EDMUND O'RRIEX, '02 Private, Army. P. M. Corps CHARLES H. SCOTT. '88 1st Lieut., Army. 105th Infantry GEORGE E. STEEL. 'SO Medical Examiner, Aviation Corps EUGENE A, VAN NEST. '90 Captain. Army 27 Priss or WtiilAM H. Rich 1 10 LintvTv St. Htm Yoaa ! IBIS -