HAND-BOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 THE HALL OF FAME 
 
 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 
 UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
 [Third Edition] 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 THE HALL OF FAME 
 
 Robert Underwood Johnson 
 Director 
 
 331 Madison Avenue 
 NEW YORK 
 
 1925 
 
Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 
 Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library 
 
 cwc iO <?f 5~ 
 
 Soy 2.2^ 
 
HAND-BOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 THE HALL OF FAME 
 
 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 
 UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
 [Third Edition] 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 THE HALL OF FAME 
 
 Robert Underwood Johnson 
 Director 
 
 331 Madison Avenue 
 NEW YORK 
 
 1925 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 The colonnade and massive substructure which 
 constitute the Hall of Fame and the Museum of the 
 Hall of Fame form an important and distinctive 
 feature of the western group of New York Uni- 
 versity Buildings at University Heights, making that 
 group, the dominating feature of which is the Memo- 
 rial Library, one of surpassing architectural beauty. 
 To this commanding site the undergraduate colleges 
 were moved in 1894 from their old location at Wash- 
 ington Square. 
 
 While New York University holds the title to the 
 Hall of Fame, it regards itself as a trustee under 
 sacred obligations to administer the gift in such a 
 manner as to conserve the patriotic and educational 
 aims of the donor. The gift was to the American 
 People, and the University in administering it keeps 
 constantly in mind the fact that the Hall of Fame is 
 a national and not a local institution. 
 
THE STORY OF THE HALL OF FAME 
 
 In 1900 New York University anndunced a gift of 
 $100,000, later increased to $250,000, for building a 
 colonnade at New York University, on University 
 Heights, overlooking the Palisades and the Hudson 
 and Harlem River Valleys, the exclusive use of the 
 colonnade with its substructure being to serve per- 
 petually as the Hall of Fame for Great Americans. 
 
 It was then announced that 150 panels would be 
 provided for memorial bronze tablets, 50 to be 
 inscribed in 1900, provided 50 names should be ap- 
 proved by the judges then named, and at the close 
 of every five years thereafter five additional tablets, 
 so that the number would be complete about 2000 A.D. 
 
 By May 1, 1900, more than 1,000 nominations had 
 been placed before the Senate of New York Univer- 
 sity by the public. The Senate, having secured the 
 co-operation of approximately 100 well-known per- 
 sons throughout the country as electors, submitted 
 to them the 100 names which had received the larg- 
 est public support, adding to these 100 selected by 
 the Senate, and inviting the electors to suggest other 
 candidates. This resulted in the submission of 234 
 names on the final list of nominations, and of these 
 29 received a majority of the votes and were elected. 
 
 In 1905 five names were added, in 1910, eight, in 
 1915, eight, and in 1920, six, making in all, up to 
 1921, a total of 56 names of men inscribed in the 
 Hall of Fame. Meanwhile seven names of women had 
 been chosen. Had the full quota been reached in 
 the five elections already held, 70 would have been 
 elected, and therefore, allowing for the seven women, 
 the quota for 1925 is 12 names. 
 
 4 
 
Under ' the Constitution governing the Hall of 
 Fame, as it was first established, no foreign-born 
 citizen was eligible to election. The Senate of New 
 York University soon saw the injustice of this 
 distinction and in 1904 it was decided to establish 
 a Hall of Fame for Foreign-born Americans, but in 
 1914 this was abandoned, the constitution being 
 amended by striking out every discrimination be- 
 tween native citizens and those of foreign birth. 
 
 In 1904 New York University set apart a site for a 
 Hall of Fame for Women, but in 1922, after the seven 
 names had been chosen, all discrimination as to sex 
 in future elections was abolished and in the same 
 year it was decided to classify the names of the 
 women with those of the men. 
 
 In 1922 also the margin of time after death at 
 which a person becomes eligible to election was ex- 
 tended from ten to twenty-five years. 
 
 RULES FOR ELECTIONS 
 
 The electorate of the Hall of Fame has been a 
 distinguished one, containing many names that with- 
 out doubt will eventually be recorded in the Hall of 
 Fame. Since 1900 many of the electors then ap- 
 pointed have died, and a few have resigned, but of 
 the original electorate 34 served in the 1920 election. 
 The present electorate represents every State. 
 
 The Electors of the Hall of Fame, consisting of 
 approximately one hundred persons, are ap- 
 pointed by the Senate of New York University in 
 the year preceding each quinquennial year, in ap- 
 proximately equal numbers, from the following sev- 
 en groups of citizens, and are thus classified: (1) 
 Authors, Editors and Artists, (2) Presidents of Uni- 
 versities and Colleges, (3) Historians and Profes- 
 sors of History, (4) Scientists, (5) Jurists, (6) High 
 
 5 
 
Public Officials, (7) Men and Women of Affairs. No 
 person connected with New York University is eligible 
 as an Elector. 
 
 The Director of the Hall of Fame invites from 
 the public the presentation of names to be in- 
 scribed in the Hall of Fame. Such names must be 
 submitted between February 1 and March 15 of the 
 year of the quinquennial election, and must be sent 
 to the Director of the Hall of Fame on a form to 
 be obtained from him. 
 
 All names received from the public are placed 
 before the Senate of New York University, and 
 every name approved for presentation by two mem- 
 bers of the Senate is placed upon a preliminary list 
 of nominations which is sent by April 1 of the quin- 
 quennial year to a Committee on Nominations. 
 
 The Senate assigns each name upon the prelimin- 
 ary lists to one of the following fifteen classes: 
 
 (1) Authors, Editors, (2) Educators, (3) Preachers, 
 Theologians, (4) Philanthropists, Reformers, Home 
 and Social Workers, (5) Scientists, (6) Engineers, 
 (7) Physicians, Surgeons, (8) Inventors, (9) Mis- 
 sionaries, Explorers, (10) Soldiers, Sailors, (11) 
 Lawyers, Judges, (12) Rulers, Statesmen, (13) Busi- 
 ness Men, (14) Artists (Musicians, Sculptors, Paint- 
 ers, Architects, Illustrators, Etchers, Engravers, Ac- 
 tors), (15) Distinguished men and women outside 
 the above classes. 
 
 A Committee on Nominations consisting of three 
 Electors from each of the seven divisions of Electors is 
 designated by the Senate. To this Committee of Twenty- 
 One are to be submitted all names upon the prelim- 
 inary list of nominations. 
 
 The Committee on Nominations will be requested 
 to canvass this preliminary list and to vote for the 
 
 6 
 
names considered worthy of a place upon the final 
 ballot, and to return such list to the Director not later 
 than May 1. 
 
 Names which have been placed in nomination 
 which receive the votes of a majority of the twenty- 
 one members of the Committee on Nominations 
 are to be placed on the final ballot. 
 
 The formal ballot, containing the final list of nom- 
 inations for the election, will be sent to each Elec- 
 tor on or before June 1 of the quinquennial year. 
 
 Each Elector will be requested to mark, sign and 
 mail to the Director of the Hall of Fame the final 
 ballot by October 1 following. Each name judged 
 worthy to be inscribed in the Hall of Fame is to be 
 marked with a cross, thus (X), before the name. 
 
 Votes must be received before October 15. 
 
 The choice of a name for inscription in the Hall 
 of Fame will require a vote of three-fifths of the 
 whole body of Electors. 
 
 Each name thus approved will be inscribed in the 
 Hall of Fame unless disapproved before November 
 1 by a majority of the voting members of the Senate. 
 
 Museum of the Hall of Fame 
 
 In connection with the Hall of Fame it is planned., 
 as funds may be provided, to establish a museum of 
 sculpture, portraits and other important mementoes of 
 the great Americans whose names have been placed in 
 the Colonnade. The six rooms and long corridor of the 
 granite edifice which form the ground story of the 
 Hall of Fame are to be set aside for this purpose. 
 
 This plan gives opportunity for presentation by or- 
 ganizations and individuals of important memorabilia, 
 which eventually will constitute one of the most valuable 
 and important collections of Americana in the country. 
 
 7 
 
Busts in the Colonnade 
 
 It is the plan of the University to invite appropriate 
 organizations or individuals to present bronze busts of 
 persons who have been elected to the Hall of Fame, 
 these busts to surmount the bronze tablets which New 
 York University has placed in the Colonnade at Uni- 
 versity Heights. Sixty-three such tablets have now 
 been placed. On pages 42-45 is a list of the busts 
 already unveiled." 
 
 Plan and Scope 
 
 The whole plan of the Hall of Fame is educational 
 and patriotic. It is the purpose of those who have it 
 in charge to conduct its elections with dignity, restraint, 
 breadth of view and a sense of proportion and value. 
 Since September, 1919, the institution has been under 
 the direction of Dr. Robert Underwood Johnson, as 
 successor to the late Dr. Henry Mitchell MacCracken, 
 who originated the idea of the Hall of Fame. 
 
 Further information and documents relating to the 
 Hall of Fame may be obtained from the Director at its 
 Executive Office, 331 Madison Avenue, New York City. 
 
 8 
 
SECTOR IN THE COLONNADE OF THE HALL OF FAME 
 
AUTHORS 
 
 RALPH WALDO EMERSON* 
 
 1803- 1882 
 
 The day is always his who works in it with serenity and 
 great aims. The unstable estimates of men crowd to him 
 whose mind is filled with the truth as the heaped waves of 
 tlic Atlantic follow the moon. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 87 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson, poet and essayist, was born 
 in Boston, May 25, 1803, and died at Concord, Mass., 
 April 27, 1882. He was graduated at Harvard when 
 18 years of age. In 1829 he became a Unitarian minis- 
 ter, but after three years he retired from the ministry 
 and spent his time in lecturing and writing. Among 
 his chief books are "Representative Men," "English 
 Traits," and "Conduct of Life." His poems are notable 
 for both imagination and feeling. Because of the wis- 
 dom and philosophy of his essays, poems and addresses 
 he was known as "the Sage of Concord." 
 
 NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE 
 
 1804- 1864 
 
 Living in solitude till the fulness of time, I still kept the 
 dew of my youth and the freshness of my heart. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 73 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Nathaniel Hawthorne, writer of romance, was born 
 
 in Salem, Mass., July 4, 1804, and died at Plymouth, 
 
 N. H., May 19, 1864. After graduation at Bowdoin 
 
 in 1825 he lived at Salem, and later at Concord, Mass. 
 
 He showed indomitable energy for writing, although 
 
 he failed to receive encouragement until 1831. The first 
 
 series of his "Twice-Told Tales" appeared in 1837. "The 
 
 Scarlet Letter" and "The House of the Seven Gables" 
 
 attained immediate success. He was United States 
 
 Consul at Liverpool, England, 1853-57. 
 
 *Note — The names and dates and the quotations printed in Italics 
 appear upon the bronze tablets in the Colonnade, 
 
 10 
 
WASHINGTON IRVING 
 
 1783-1859 
 
 The intercourse between the author and his fellowmen 
 is ever new, active, and immediate. Well may the world 
 cherish his renown. It has been purchased by the diligent 
 dispensation of pleasure. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 83 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Washington Irving, historian and essayist, was born 
 in New York City, April 3, 1783, and died at "Sunny- 
 side," Tarrytown, N. Y., November 28, 1859. His first 
 connected work, "The History of New York by Die- 
 drich Knickerbocker," appeared in 1809 and was fol- 
 lowed ten years later by the first parts of his "Sketch 
 Book." Other works were "The Life of Washington," 
 "The Life of Columbus," and "The Alhambra." He 
 was appointed minister to Spain in 1842. 
 
 HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW 
 1807-1882 
 
 The distant mountains that uprear 
 Their lofty bastions to the skies 
 
 Are crossed by pathways that appear 
 As we to higher levels rise. 
 
 The heights by great men reached and kept 
 
 Were not attained by sudden flight, 
 But they, while their companions slept, 
 Were toiling upward in the night. 
 (Elected in 1900 by 85 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, poet, was born in 
 Portland, Me., February 27, 1807, and die'd at Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., March 24, 1882. He was graduated at 
 Bowdoin College, where he was professor, 1829-35. He 
 was also professor of modern languages and literature 
 at Harvard, 1836-1854. He translated Dante into Eng- 
 lish verse. Much of his poetry, which has wide popu- 
 larity, has been translated into foreign languages. 
 
 11 
 
JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL 
 1819-1891 
 
 No power can die that ever wrought for Truth; 
 
 Thereby a law of nature it became 
 And lives unwithered in its blithesome youth 
 
 When he who calls it forth is but a name. 
 
 (Elected in 1905 by 59 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1907.) 
 
 James Russell Lowell, poet and critic, was born in 
 Cambridge, Mass., February 22, 1819, and died at Cam- 
 bridge, August 12, 1891. He was graduated at Har- 
 vard College in 1838 and at Harvard Law School in 
 1840; was editor of The Atlantic Monthly 1857-62, 
 and of the North American Review 1863-72; published 
 many poems and essays; was professor of French, 
 Spanish and Belles-lettres at Harvard; was United 
 States Minister to Spain, 1877-80, and to England, 
 1880-85. He was chosen Lord Rector of Saint Andrews 
 in 1883. 
 
 JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER 
 1807-1892 
 
 Making his rustic reed of song 
 
 A weapon in the war with wrong, 
 
 Yoking his fancy to the breaking plough 
 
 That beam-deep turned the soil 
 
 For Truth to spring and grow. 
 
 (Elected in 1905 by 53 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1907.) 
 
 John Greenleaf Whittier, poet, was born in Haverhill, 
 Mass., December 17, 1807, and died at Hampton Falls, 
 N. H., September 7, 1892. He was a Quaker and was 
 the editor of several newspapers and magazines, a 
 member of the Massachusetts legislature and secretary 
 of the Anti-Slavery Society. He preserved in narra- 
 tive and ballad poems many American legends and 
 traditions particularly of the New England colonies. 
 He wrote many anti-slavery poems. He is often called 
 "The Quaker Poet." 
 
 12 
 
GEORGE BANCROFT 
 1800-1891 
 
 History interposes with evidence that tyranny and wrong 
 lead inevitably to decay; that freedom and right, however 
 hard may be the struggle, always prove resistless. 
 (Elected in 1910 by 53 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 George Bancroft, historian, was born at Worcester, 
 Mass., October 3, 1800, and died at Washington, D. C., 
 January 17, 1891. He was graduated at Harvard be- 
 fore his seventeenth birthday and then studied abroad. 
 He founded the Round Hill School at Northampton, 
 Mass. He was collector of the port of Boston, Secre- 
 tary of the Navy under Polk, and gave orders for the 
 occupation of California and Texas. He was minister 
 plenipotentiary to Great Britain 1846-49, and to Ber- 
 lin 1867-74. He wrote a History of the United States, 
 and many other works. 
 
 WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT 
 1794-1878 
 
 So live that when thy summons comes * * * 
 Thou go not like the quarry slave at night 
 Scourged Jo his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed 
 By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave 
 Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch 
 About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. 
 
 (Elected in 1910 by 59 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 William Cullen Bryant, poet and editor, was born 
 at Cummington, Mass., November 3, 1794, and died at 
 New York, June 12, 1878. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1815 and published "Thanatopsis" in 1817. He was 
 editor of the New York Evening Post. He traveled 
 extensively in Europe and the Orient. He wrote many 
 poems of nature and the inner life, among them "The 
 Flood of Years." He translated the "Iliad" and the 
 "Odyssey" into English verse. 
 
 13 
 
JAMES FENIMORE COOPER 
 1789-1851 
 
 / nozv feel mortified and grieved when I meet with an 
 American gentleman who professes anything but liberal 
 opinions as respects the rights of his fellow-creatures. 
 
 (Elected in 1910 by 62 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 James Fenimore Cooper, writer of romance, was born 
 at Burlington, N. J., September 15, 1789, and died at 
 Cooperstown, N. Y., September 14, 1851. He shipped 
 on a merchantman and later won a commission as mid- 
 shipman in the navy. His "Leatherstocking Tales" 
 immortalized the American Indian, and his sea stories 
 revolutionized the literature of the sea. His books 
 have been translated into many languages. 
 
 OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES 
 1809-1894 
 
 Build thee more stately mansions, 
 
 O my soul, 
 As the swift seasons roll! 
 Leave thy low-vaulted past! 
 
 (Elected in 1910 by 69 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes, poet and essayist, was born 
 at Cambridge, Mass., August 29, 1809, and died at Bos- 
 ton, Mass., October 8, 1894. He was graduated at 
 Harvard in medicine in 1836, and achieved national fame 
 when he published his poem "Old Ironsides." He is 
 the author of "The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table" 
 and of three novels. His "Chambered Nautilus," 
 "The Last Leaf," "The Iron Gate" and one or two 
 hymns gave him high rank as poet-philosopher; his 
 works on medicine are still regarded as authoritative. 
 
 14 
 
JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY 
 1814-1877 
 
 / venture to hope that the lovers of human progress and 
 the admirers of disinterested virtue may find encouragement 
 in the deep-taled history of an heroic people in its most 
 eventful period. 
 
 (Elected in 1910 by 51 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 John Lothrop Motley, historian, was born at Dor- 
 chester, Mass., April 15, 1814, and died in Dorset, 
 England, May 29, 1877. He was graduated at Har- 
 vard, and attended Berlin and Gottingen universities; 
 he was United States Minister to Austria 1861-67, and 
 to Great Britain 1869-70. He was eminent as a his- 
 torian of Holland, his best known works being "The 
 Rise of the Dutch Republic," "History of the 
 United Netherlands" and "The Life and Death of John 
 of Barneveld." 
 
 EDGAR ALLAN POE 
 1809-1849 
 
 A poem deserves its title only inasmuch as it excites by 
 elevating the soul. 
 
 (Elected in 1910 by 69 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Edgar Allan Poe, poet and writer of short stories, 
 was born at Boston, Mass., January 19, 1809, and died 
 at Baltimore, Md., October 7, 1849. After leaving the 
 University of Virginia, he enlisted in the army and rose 
 to the rank of sergeant-major. He attended West 
 Point, but was not graduated. He was editor of many 
 papers and magazines. His romantic poetry and prose 
 are among the classics of American literature and he 
 ranks with Hawthorne as an imaginative genius. His 
 better known works are "The Raven," "Tales of the 
 Arabesque and Grotesque," and "The Murders in the 
 Rue Morgue." 
 
 15 
 
FRANCIS PARKMAN 
 
 1823-1893 
 
 The narrator must seek to imbue himself with the life and 
 spirit of the time. He must himself be, as it were, a sharer 
 or a spectator of the action he describes. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 68 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Francis Parkman, historian, was born at Boston, 
 Mass., September 16, 1823, and died there November 8, 
 1893. He was graduated at Harvard in 1844. He 
 dedicated his life to the writing of American history 
 and lived for a time among the American Indians. He 
 was an Overseer of Harvard in 1868 and later became 
 professor of horticulture there. Although in poor health 
 and with his eyesight greatly impaired, he wrote "The 
 Oregon Trail," "The Conspiracy of Pontiac," "France 
 and England in the New World," "Montcalm and 
 Wolfe," and "A Half-Century of Conflict." 
 
 HARRIET BEECHER STOWE 
 1811-1896 
 
 / zvould write something that zvould make this whole 
 nation feel what a cursed thing slavery is. 
 
 (Elected in 1910 by 74 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Harriet Beecher Stowe was born at Litchfield, Conn., 
 June 14, 1811, and died at Hartford, Conn., July 1, 1896. 
 In 1851-52 she published "Uncle Tom's Cabin" as a 
 serial in the "National Era" of Washington. When 
 issued in book form, more than half a million copies 
 were sold within five years. It became a powerful fac- 
 tor in the anti-slavery agitation. Other stories by her 
 were "The Minister's Wooing," and "Agnes of Sor- 
 rento." 
 
 16 
 
SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS 
 1835-1910 
 
 Loyalty to petrified opinion never yet broke a chain or 
 freed a human soul. 
 
 (Elected in 1920 by 72 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 Samuel Langhorne Clemens ("Mark Twain"), humor- 
 ist and writer of fiction, was born in Florida, Mo., No- 
 vember 30, 1835, and died at Redding, Conn., April 21, 
 1910. He served as a pilot on the Mississippi River, 
 as a reporter and editor in the West, and traveled ex- 
 tensively. He was one of the first seven members of 
 the American Academy of Arts and Letters. His tet- 
 ter known works are ''Tom Sawyer," "Innocents 
 Abroad," "Huckleberry Finn," "Roughing It," "Life on 
 the Mississippi," "A Connecticut Yankee at the Court 
 of King Arthur," and "Joan of Arc." He is often called 
 the "Dean of American Humor." 
 
 EDUCATORS 
 
 HORACE MANN 
 1796-1859 
 
 The Common School is the greatest discovery ever made 
 by man. It is supereminent in its universality and in the 
 timeliness of the aid it proffers. . . . The Common School 
 can train up children in the elements of all good knowledge 
 and of virtue. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 67 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 Horace Mann was born at Franklin, Mass., May 4, 
 1796, and died at Yellow Springs, Ohio, August 2, 1859. 
 He was graduated at Brown University, was ad- 
 mitted to the bar and served in the Massachusetts leg- 
 islature and in Congress. His great service to the 
 cause of education was in the founding of the normal 
 school system of Massachusetts. After being defeated 
 for the governorship of that State as a candidate of the 
 Free Soil party, he became president of Antioch Col- 
 lege. 
 
 17 
 
MARY LYON 
 1797-1849 
 
 There is nothing in the Universe that I fear but that I 
 shall not know all my duty, or fail to do it. 
 
 (Elected in 1905 by 59 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1907.) 
 
 Mary Lyon was born at Buckland, Mass., February 
 28, 1797, and died at South Hadley, Mass., March 5, 
 1849. She began teaching when 18 years old and de- 
 voted her life to founding Mount Holyoke Female Sem- 
 inary — now Mount Holyoke College — a place where 
 girls could obtain an education at a low price. She 
 was president of the Seminary for 12 years. She wrote 
 many books on educational teaching and methods. 
 
 EMMA WILLARD 
 1787-1870 
 
 Reason and religion teach that we too are primary exist- 
 ences, that it is for us to move in the orbit of our duty 
 around the holy center of perfection, the companions not 
 the satellites of men. 
 
 (Elected in 1905 by 50 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1907.) 
 
 Emma Willard, one of the pioneers in the education 
 of girls, was born at Berlin, Conn., February 23, 1787, 
 and died at Troy, N. Y., April 15, 1870. She was prin- 
 cipal of a girls' academy at Middlebury, Vt.; caused the 
 founding of the seminary at Waterford, N. Y.; was prin- 
 cipal of the Troy Female Seminary and helped 
 found a seminary at Athens, Greece. Her school books 
 have been translated into most of the European and 
 Asiatic languages. 
 
 18 
 
MARK HOPKINS 
 1802-1887 
 
 What higher conception of virtue can we have than that at 
 every point of a man's life his conscience should demand 
 and he should render that love which is the fulfilling of the 
 law. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 69 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Mark Hopkins was born at Stockbridge, Mass., Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1802, and died at Williamstown, Mass., June 17, 
 1887. After graduation at Williams College he be- 
 gan the practise of medicine in New York City, but 
 gave it up to take the chair of moral philosophy and 
 rhetoric at Williams. In 1836 he became president of 
 the college, serving until 1872. He lectured before 
 many scientific and literary associations. He wrote 
 "Evidences of Christianity," "The Law of Love, and 
 Love as a Law," etc. 
 
 ALICE FREEMAN PALMER 
 1855-1902 
 
 The smallest village, the plainest home, give ample space 
 for the resources of the college-trained woman. 
 
 (Elected in 1920 by 53 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Alice Freeman Palmer was born at Colesville, N. Y., 
 February 21, 1855, and died at Paris, France, Decem- 
 ber 6, 1902. She was graduated at the University 
 of Michigan in 1876, was principal of the East Saginaw, 
 Mich., High School, president of Wellesley College, 
 and non-resident dean of the Woman's Department of 
 the University of Chicago. She took an active interest 
 in educational and reform movements and institutions, 
 was a member of the Massachusetts State Board of 
 Education and lectured on educational and municipal 
 topics. 
 
 19 
 
PREACHERS, THEOLOGIANS 
 
 JONATHAN EDWARDS 
 1703-1758 
 
 God is the head of the universal system of existence, from 
 whom all is perfectly derived and on whom all is most 
 absolutely dependent, whose Being and Beauty is the sum 
 and comprehension of all existence and excellence. 
 (Elected in 1900 by 82 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 Jonathan Edwards was born at East Windsor, Conn., 
 October 5, 1703, and died at Princeton, N. J., March 28, 
 1758. After his graduation at Yale, he studied theology 
 and was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry, and for 
 twenty-three years occupied a pulpit at Northampton, 
 Mass. He was an arduous student and a voluminous 
 writer, and his sermon, "God Glorified Man's Depend- 
 ence" started a religious revival which spread through 
 the colonies and Great Britain. He served a month as 
 president of Princeton. His most famous work is the 
 "Essay on the Freedom of the Will." 
 
 HENRY WARD BEECHER 
 1813-1887 
 
 It matters little to me what school of theology rises or 
 falls, so only that Christ may rise in all his Father's glory, 
 full-orbed upon the darkness of this world. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 64 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 Henry Ward Beecher was born at Litchfield, Conn., 
 June 24, 1813, and died at Brooklyn, N. Y., March 8, 
 1887. After his graduation at Amherst College, he 
 studied at Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, and 
 after serving as pastor of two western churches, in 
 1847 he became pastor of the Plymouth Congregational 
 Church in Brooklyn, where the power of his personality 
 and his rare eloquence drew large congregations. He 
 spoke for the causes of freedom, temperance, civic hon- 
 esty and the Union. 
 
 20 
 
WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING 
 1780-1842 
 
 / think of God as the Father and Inspirer of the Soul — of 
 Christ as its Redeemer and model; of Christianity as given 
 to enlighten, perfect, and glorify it. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 58 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 William Ellery Channing was born at Newport, R. I., 
 April 7, 1780, and died at Bennington, Vt., October 2, 
 1842. He was graduated at Harvard, where he dis- 
 tinguished himself in debate, and then took up the 
 study of theology, becoming the leader of the move- 
 ment in the Congregational Church in New England 
 known as Unitarianism. He was an ardent Abolition- 
 ist, and championed temperance and education. His 
 writings have been translated into many foreign lan- 
 guages. 
 
 PHILLIPS BROOKS 
 1835-1893 
 
 // you limit the search for truth and forbid men any- 
 where, in any way, to seek knowledge, you paralyze the vital 
 force of truth itself. 
 
 (Elected in 1910 by 60 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Phillips Brooks was born at Boston, Mass., Novem- 
 ber 13, 1835, and died there, January 23, 1893. He was 
 graduated at Harvard and at the Episcopal Theo- 
 logical Seminary at Alexandria, Va. He was rector 
 of two churches in Philadelphia before becoming rector 
 of Trinity Church in Boston, which church he served 
 until he became Bishop of Massachusetts. As a pulpit 
 orator he was almost unrivaled. He was the author of 
 many books. In his early manhood he was an ardent 
 Abolitionist and took a prominent part in the Republi- 
 can campaign for Fremont. 
 
 21 
 
ROGER WILLIAMS 
 1607-1684 
 
 To proclaim a true and absolute soul freedom to all the 
 people of the land impartially so that no person be forced to 
 pray nor pay otherwise than as his soul believeth and con- 
 senteth. 
 
 (Elected in 1920 by 66 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Roger Williams was born in Wales, probably in 1607, 
 and died at Providence, R. I., in March, 1684. He was 
 educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge University, 
 and came to this country in 1631 after trouble with the 
 ecclesiastical and civil authorities in England. He left 
 Masachusetts in 1636 to seek religious freedom and 
 founded Rhode Island, opening that colony in 1656 to 
 any one seeking toleration of religious opinion. 
 
 PHILANTHROPISTS, REFORMERS 
 
 PETER COOPER 
 1791-1883 
 
 The great object I desire to accomplish is to open the 
 avenues of scientific knowledge to youth (and so unfold the 
 volume of nature), so that the young may see the beauties of 
 Creation, enjoy its blessings, and learn to love the Author. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 69 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Peter Cooper was born at New York City, February 
 12, 1791, and died there April 4, J883. After a meagre 
 schooling he engaged in manufacturing, founding the 
 Canton Iron Works, where the first locomotive engine 
 in America was built. He was president of the first At- 
 lantic Cable Company. He founded Cooper Union in 
 New York City. He ran for the presidency of the 
 United States in 1876. 
 
 22 
 
GEORGE PEABODY 
 1795-1869 
 
 Looking forward beyond my stay on earth I see our coun- 
 try becoming richer and more powerful. But to make her 
 prosperity more than superficial, her moral and intellectual 
 development should keep pace with her material growth. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 74 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 George Peabody was born at Danvers, — now Pea- 
 body, — Mass., February 18, 1795, and died at London, 
 England, November 4, 1869. After serving as a clerk 
 in several stores in this country he became owner of 
 the business of Elisha Riggs. In 1837 he established 
 the banking house of George Peabody in London. He 
 founded the Peabody Institute and Library of Balti- 
 more, gave large sums to institutions of learning and 
 financed many scientific expeditions. His greatest gift 
 was the "Peabody Fund" for education. 
 
 FRANCES ELIZABETH WILLARD 
 1839-1898 
 
 Were I asked to define in a sentence the thought and pur- 
 pose of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, I should 
 reply it is to make the whole world homelike. 
 
 (Elected in 1910 by 55 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Frances Elizabeth Willard was born at Churchville, 
 N. Y., September 28, 1839, and died at New York City, 
 February 18, 1898. She was a graduate of the North- 
 western Female College, professor of esthetics in 
 Northwestern University and dean of the women's 
 college there. She was made secretary of the Women's 
 Christian Temperance Union in 1874 and became its 
 president in 1879. She founded the World Christian 
 Union and was a strong supporter of equal suffrage. 
 
 23 
 
SCIENTISTS 
 
 JOHN JAMES AUDUBON 
 1785-1851 
 
 The productions of nature soon became my playmates. I 
 felt that an intimacy with them not consisting of friendship, 
 merely, but bordering on phrenzy, must accompany my steps 
 through life. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 67 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 John James Audubon, naturalist, was born at Les 
 Cayes, Santo Domingo, April 26, 1785, and died at New 
 York City, January 27, 1851. Although nominally en T 
 gaged in commercial ventures, his time was spent in 
 ornithological investigation, and after a struggle with 
 poverty he published his "Birds of America" in London; 
 later he published in Edinburgh his "Ornithological 
 Biographies." Many European societies devoted to 
 science and art made him an honorary member or for- 
 eign associate. 
 
 ASA GRAY 
 1810-1888 
 
 / confidently expect that in the future even more than in 
 the past, faith in an order, which is the basis of science, 
 will not be dissevered from faith in an Ordainer, which is 
 the basis of religion. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 51 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 Asa Gray, botanist, was born at Paris, N. Y., Novem- 
 ber 18, 1810, and died at Cambridge, Mass., January 
 30, 1888. Although a graduate of the New York Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons, he devoted all his 
 spare time to the study of botany and became curator 
 of the New York Lyceum of Natural History. He was 
 professor of natural history at Harvard 1842-88. He 
 received Academic honors from Edinburgh, Cambridge 
 and Oxford. He was president of the American 
 Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was honored by 
 many European countries. 
 
 24 
 
LOUIS AGASSIZ 
 1807-1873 
 
 Scientific investigation should be inspired by a purpose 
 as animating to the general sympathy as was the religious 
 zeal which built the Cathedral of Cologne and the Basilica 
 of St. Peter. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 65 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Louis Agassiz, zoologist, was born at Motier, Swit- 
 zerland, May 28, 1807, and died at Buzzard's Bay, 
 Mass., December 14, 1873. He early showed a strong 
 leaning toward zoology, and after being graduated in 
 medicine at Munich, he began an intensive study of 
 natural history. He was professor of Zoology at Har- 
 vard. He founded a summer school for the study of 
 zoology. He ranks as the most influential of American 
 naturalists, and is regarded as a great teacher and 
 inspirer of scientists. 
 
 JOSEPH HENRY 
 1799-1878 
 
 / may say I was the first to bring the electro magnet into 
 the condition necessary to its use in telegraphy and also to 
 point out its application to the telegraph. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 56 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Joseph Henry, inventor of the electro magnet, was 
 born at Albany, N. Y., December 17, 1799, and died at 
 Washington, D. C, May 13, 1878. He studied chemistry, 
 anatomy, and physiology and taught in a number of 
 academies. He was the first to demonstrate an electro 
 magnet wound with silk-covered wire, and he perfected 
 the magnetic telegraph. He was secretary of the Smith- 
 sonian Institution, an authority on acoustics, and presi- 
 dent of the National Academy of Sciences and of the 
 Philosophical Society of Washington. 
 
 25 
 
MARIA MITCHELL 
 1818-1889 
 
 Every formula which expresses a law of nature is a 
 hymn of praise to God. 
 
 (Elected in 1905 by 48 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1907.) 
 
 Maria Mitchell was born at Nantucket, Mass., Au- 
 gust 1, 1818, and died at Lynn, Mass., June 28, 1889. 
 She frequently assisted her father in his astronomical 
 observations and was librarian of the Nantucket Athen- 
 aeum for 20 years, and was professor of astronomy at 
 Vassar College 1865-88. (She discovered a comet in 
 1847.) In 1848 she was elected to honorary member- 
 ship in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 
 At one time she was president of the American Asso- 
 ciation for the Advancement of Women. She received 
 the degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth and Columbia. 
 
 ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS 
 
 JAMES BUCHANAN EADS 
 1820-1887 
 
 / cannot die; I have not finished my work. 
 
 (Elected in 1920 by 51 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 James Buchanan Eads, engineer, was born at Law- 
 renceburg, Ind., May 23, 1820, and died at Nassau, New 
 Providence, March 8, 1887. He early designed some 
 useful boats for raising sunken steamers, and during 
 the Civil War he built many ironclads for the Union 
 forces. He built an arched bridge over the Mississippi 
 River at St. Louis, improved the delta of the South 
 Pass of the Mississippi and planned the deepening of 
 that river from its delta to the mouth of the Ohio. He 
 was the first American to receive the Albert Medal of 
 the Society of Arts (London). 
 
 26 
 
PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS 
 
 WILLIAM THOMAS GREEN MORTON 
 1819-1868 
 
 / leave it to surgeons and physicians to speak the praises 
 of ether in the various operations in which it is now uni- 
 versally used, whenever the relief of pain is an object of 
 importance. 
 
 (Elected in 1920 by 72 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 William Thomas Green Morton was born at Charl- 
 ton, Mass., August 19, 1819, and died at New York 
 City, July 15, 1868. He was the first to give to the 
 world a demonstration of the use of sulphuric ether 
 as a practical surgical anaesthetic in a major operation 
 performed in the Massachusetts General Hospital in 
 1846. The French Academy of Sciences gave the Mont- 
 yon prize to Dr. Morton for the application of ether 
 to surgical operations. 
 
 INVENTORS 
 
 ROBERT FULTON 
 1765-1815 
 
 To direct the genius and resources of our country to use- 
 ful improvements, to the sciences, the arts, education, the 
 amendment of the public mind and morals, in such pursuits 
 lie real honor and the nation's glory. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 86 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat, was born 
 in Lancaster County, Pa., November 14, 1765, and died 
 at New York City, February 24, 1815. His first inven- 
 tion was made at the age of 13, when he equipped a 
 fishing boat with paddle wheels. His first steamboat 
 was launched on the River Seine, but was unsuccessful. 
 In 1807 he launched the "Clermont" on the Hudson 
 River. The first steam-propelled warship was built 
 from his plans. 
 
 27 
 
SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE 
 1791-1872 
 
 / am persuaded that whatever facilitates intercourse be- 
 tween the different portions of the human family will have 
 the effect under the guidance of sound moral principles to 
 promote the best interests of man. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 82 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Samuel Finley Breese Morse, inventor of the electric 
 telegraph, was born at Charlestown, Mass., April 27, 
 1791, and died at New York City, April 2, 1872. He 
 was graduated at Yale and took up the study of 
 painting, becoming first president of the National 
 Academy of Design. He was a professor in New York 
 University and invented the telegraph in the old build- 
 ing of the University in Washington Square. In 1837 
 he exhibited a perfected electric telegraph instrument. 
 He was the originator of submarine telegraphy. He 
 received high honors from many European nations. 
 
 ELI WHITNEY 
 1765-1825 
 
 The machine, it is true, operates in the first instance, on 
 mere physical elements, to produce an accumulation and 
 distribution of property. But do not all the arts of civili- 
 zation follow in its train? 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 69 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Eli Whitney was born at Westborough, Mass., De- 
 cember 8, 1765, and died at New Haven, Conn., Jan- 
 uary 8, 1825. In 1792 he invented the cotton gin, which 
 revolutionized the cotton industry. He failed to enjoy 
 the fruits of his invention because of a robbery. In 
 1798 he began manufacturing firearms at New Haven, 
 Conn; these weapons were the standard arms of the 
 period. He was graduated at Yale in 1792. 
 
 28 
 
ELIAS HOWE 
 1819-1867 
 
 Be it known that I have invented a new and useful ma- 
 chine for sewing seams in cloth and other articles requiring 
 to be sewed, and I do hereby declare a full and exact 
 description thereof. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 61 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Elias Howe, inventor of the sewing machine, was 
 born at Spencer, Mass., July 9, 1819, and died at Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., October 3, 1867. He began life as a machin- 
 ist. He secured his first patent in 1846 and immediately 
 became involved in a number of lawsuits, so that it was 
 not until 1860 that he reaped any benefit from his in- 
 vention. He served throughout the Civil War as a 
 private. He founded a sewing machine plant at Bridge- 
 port, Conn. 
 
 MISSIONARIES, EXPLORERS 
 
 DANIEL BOONE . 
 1735-1820 
 
 May the same Almighty Goodness which has turned a 
 cruel war into peace banish the accursed monster War from 
 all lands. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 52 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Daniel Boone, explorer, was born in Bucks County. 
 Pa., February 11, 1735, and died in Missouri, September 
 26, 1820. He explored the headwaters of the Tennessee 
 River and of the Kentucky River valley and made it 
 possible for pioneers to settle the land by his work 
 among the Indians. He fought in the Revolution with 
 the rank of Colonel. In his later years he explored 
 what is now the State of Missouri. Five generations 
 of his descendants were about him at his death. 
 
 29 
 
SOLDIERS, SAILORS 
 
 DAVID GLASCOE FARRAGUT 
 1801-1870 
 
 As to being prepared for defeat, I certainly am not. Any 
 man who is prepared for defeat would be italf defeated 
 before he commenced. I hope for success, shall do all in my 
 power to secure it, and trust to God for the rest. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 79 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 David Glascoe Farragut was born near Knoxville, 
 Tenn., July 5, 1801, and died at Portsmouth, N. H., Au- 
 gust 14, 1870. He served in the War of 1812, and in 
 the Civil War commanded the fleets that forced the 
 surrender of New Orleans and defeated the Confeder- 
 ate forces in Mobile Bay. He opened the Mississippi 
 River to Federal boats. He received the rank of Ad- 
 miral in 1866. 
 
 ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT 
 1822-1885 
 
 / determined, first, to use the greatest number of troops 
 practicable; second, to hammer continuously against the 
 enemy until by mere attrition, if in no other way, there 
 should be nothing left to him but submission. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 93 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Ulysses Simpson Grant was born at Point Pleasant, 
 Ohio, April 27, 1822, and died at Mount MacGregor, N. 
 Y., July 23, 1885. His tomb is on Riverside Drive, New 
 York City. He was graduated at West Point and 
 served with distinction in the Mexican War. He rose 
 from a colonelcy to be lieutenant-general of the Union 
 forces which defeated Lee. He served two terms as 
 President of the United States. Although not a literary 
 man, in his "Memois" he left a valuable historic rec- 
 ord. During his last illness he was made General of 
 the Army (retired). 
 
 30 
 
ROBERT EDWARD LEE 
 1807-1870 
 
 Duty then is the sublimest word in our language. Do 
 your duty in all things. You cannot do more. You should 
 never wish to do less. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 68 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Robert Edward Lee was born at Stratford, Va., Janu- 
 ary 19, 1807, and died at Lexington, Va., October 12, 
 1870. He was graduated at West Point, won a 
 colonelcy in the Mexican War, was superintendent of 
 the West Point Military Academy, guarded the Texas 
 frontier and captured John Brown. He resigned his 
 commission to take command of the Virginia forces 
 when that State seceded, and later became commander- 
 in-chief of the Confederate Army. After the Civil War 
 he became president of Washington College, Virginia, 
 now called Washington and Lee University. 
 
 WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN 
 1820-1891 
 
 War is cruelty and you cannot refine it. I want peace 
 and believe it can only be reached through union and war, 
 and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect and 
 early success. 
 
 (Elected in 1905 by 58 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1907.) 
 
 William Tecumseh Sherman was born at Lancaster, 
 Ohio, February 8, 1820, and died at New York City, 
 February 14, 1891. He was graduated at West Point, 
 served in California during the Mexican W^ar, and was 
 superintendent of the Louisiana Military Academy but 
 resigned when Louisiana seceded. He was commis- 
 sioned colonel in 1861 and major-general in 1862. He 
 fought at Shiloh and Vicksburg and Chattanooga, and 
 as Commander of the Army of the Tennessee invaded 
 Georgia and marched from Atlanta to the Sea. He 
 was made lieutenant-general 1866, and General, 1869. 
 
 31 
 
LAWYERS, JUDGES 
 
 JAMES KENT 
 1763-1847 
 
 We ought not to separate the science of public law from 
 that of ethics. States or bodies politic are to be considered 
 as moral persons having a public will capable and free to 
 do right and wrong. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 65 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 James Kent was born in Putnam County, N. Y., July 
 31, 1763, and died at New York City, December 12, 
 1847. He lectured on law at Columbia College. He 
 was appointed master in chancery and in 1798 was 
 placed on the bench of the New York Supreme Court; 
 in 1804 he became chief justice of the New York Su- 
 preme Court. He was Chancellor of the State of New 
 York in 1814. He was the author of "Commentaries 
 on American Law." 
 
 JOHN MARSHALL 
 1755-1835 
 
 The Constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof 
 are supreme; they control the constitutions and laws of the 
 respective States and cannot be controlled by them. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 91 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 John Marshall was born in Fauquier County, Va., 
 September 24, 1755, and died at Philadelphia, July 6, 
 1835. He served as an officer in the Revolution. Taking 
 up the study of law he soon became head of the Vir- 
 ginia bar. He was United States envoy to France and 
 a member of Congress. He declined the attorney- 
 generalship tendered him by Washington, but served as 
 Secretary of State during part of John Adams's ad- 
 ministration. He became Chief Justice of the United 
 States, serving from 1801 until his death. 
 
 32 
 
JOSEPH STORY 
 1779-1845 
 
 The founders of the Constitution, with profound wisdom, 
 laid the corner-stone of our national republic in the per- 
 manent independence of the judicial establishment. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 64 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Joseph Story was born at Marblehead, Mass., Sep- 
 tember 18, 1779, and died at Cambridge, Mass., Septem- 
 ber 10, 1845. After being graduated at Harvard he 
 began the study of the law. He served in the Massa- 
 chusetts legislature and in the House of Representa- 
 tives. He was associate justice of the United States 
 Supreme Court, 1811-45. He was a prolific writer of 
 works that rank with the highest authorities on law; 
 they have been translated into many languages. 
 
 RUFUS CHOATE 
 1799-1859 
 
 The profession of the Bar has seemed to possess a two- 
 fold nature. It has resisted despotism and yet taught obedi- 
 ence. It has recognized the rights of man, and yet has 
 reckoned it always among the most sacred of those rights to 
 be shielded and led by the divine nature and immortal 
 reason of law. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 52 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Rufus Choate was born at Essex, Mass., October 1, 
 1799, and died at Halifax, N. S., July 13, 1859. He was 
 a graduate of Dartmouth College. He served a term in 
 the House of Representatives and succeeded Daniel 
 Webster in the United States Senate. He was a dis- 
 tinguished orator, his chief speeches being on the Ore- 
 gon boundary, the tariff, the Fiscal Bank bill, the 
 Smithsonian Institution and the annexation of Texas. 
 
 33 
 
RULERS, STATESMEN 
 
 JOHN ADAMS 
 1735-1826 
 
 As a government so popular can be supported only by 
 universal knozvledge and virtue, it is the duty of all ranks 
 to promote the means of education as well as true religion, 
 purity of manners, and integrity of life. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 62 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 John Adams was born at Braintree, Mass., October 
 30, 1735, and died at Quincy, Mass., July 4, 1826. He 
 opposed the Stamp Act, was a member of the First and 
 Second Continental Congresses and was one of the 
 committee that drafted the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence. He was one of the negotiators of the treaty of 
 peace with Great Britain and was the first American 
 minister to the Court of St. James and the first Vice- 
 President of the United States, serving two terms. He 
 was the second President of the United States (1797- 
 1801). 
 
 HENRY CLAY 
 1777-1852 
 
 That patriotism which, catching its inspiration from the 
 immortal God, animates and prompts to deeds of self-sacri- 
 fice, of valor, of devotion, and of death itself, — that is, 
 public virtue, that is the sublimest of all public virtues. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 74 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Henry Clay was born in Hanover County, Va., April 
 12, 1777, and died at Washington, D. C, June 29, 1852. 
 He served several terms in the House of Representatives 
 and in the United States Senate, where he distinguished 
 himself by his extraordinary ability and rare eloquence. 
 He was conspicuous in his effort to settle the slavery 
 question through compromise measures. He was Sec- 
 retary of State under John Quincy Adams and was 
 three times defeated for the Presidency. 
 
 34 
 
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 
 1706-1790 
 
 This Constitution can end in despotism, as other forms 
 have done before it, only when the people shall become so 
 corrupted as to need despotic government, being incapable 
 of any other. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 94 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Benjamin Franklin was born at Boston, January 17, 
 1706, and died at Philadelphia, April 17, 1790. He had a 
 wide influence as editor, author, diplomat, scientist, 
 public teacher and philosopher. He discovered elec- 
 tricity. He was a member of the committee which drew 
 up the Declaration of Independence. As Ambassador 
 to France he was one of the commissioners who nego- 
 tiated the treaty recognizing the independence of the 
 United States. He was also one of the commissioners 
 who concluded peace between the United States and 
 Great Britain. 
 
 THOMAS JEFFERSON 
 1743-1826 
 
 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are 
 created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with 
 certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty 
 and the pursuit of happiness. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 91 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Thomas Jefferson was born at Shadwell, Va., April 2. 
 1743, and died at Monticello, Va., July 4, 1826. He sat 
 in the Virginia House of Burgesses from 1768 to the 
 outbreak of the Revolution. He drafted the Declara- 
 tion of Independence, served as a member of the Con- 
 tinental Congress, United States Minister to France, 
 Secretary of State under Washington, Vice-President 
 of the United States and as the third President of the 
 United States (1801-1809). During his administration 
 the Louisiana purchase was made. 
 
 35 
 
ABRAHAM LINCOLN 
 1809-1865 
 
 With malice towards none, with charity for all, with 
 firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let 
 us strive on to finish the work we are in. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 96 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 Abraham Lincoln was born in Hardin County," Ky., 
 February 12, 1809, and died at Washington, D. C, April 
 15, 1865, the victim of an assassin's bullet. He served 
 four terms in the Illinois legislature, and in 1847 
 entered the House of Representatives. His national 
 career began in 1858, when he held a series of debates 
 with Senator Douglas. He was elected President of 
 the United States as a Republican in 1860, thus becom- 
 ing the great Civil War President, to whose patience, 
 wisdom and ability we owe the successful termination 
 of the war. In 1863 he issued his Emancipation Proc- 
 lamation. He was re-elected to the Presidency in 1864. 
 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 1732-1799 
 
 Promote, then, as an object of primary importance, insti- 
 tutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. Of all the 
 dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, 
 religion and morality are indispensable supports. Reason 
 and experience both forbid us to expect that national 
 morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principles. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 97 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 George Washington was born in Westmoreland 
 County, Va., February 22, 1732, and died at Mount 
 Vernon, Va., December 14, 1799, leaving no lineal de- 
 scendants. He was a colonel in the French and Indian 
 War, a member of the first and second Continental 
 Congresses, Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the 
 Revolution, presiding officer of the first Constitutional 
 Convention and first President of the United States, 
 1789-1797. 
 
 36 
 
DANIEL WEBSTER 
 
 1782-1852 
 
 / profess, in my career hitherto, to have kept steadily in 
 viczv the prosperity and honor of the whole country, and the 
 preservation of our Federal Union. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 96 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Daniel Webster was born at Salisbury, N. H., Janu- 
 ary 18, 1782, and died at Marshfield, Mass., October 24, 
 1852. He was graduated at Dartmouth College in 
 1801. He practiced law in New Hampshire and Massa- 
 chusetts, served several terms in the House of Repre- 
 sentatives and in the United States Senate, and was 
 Secretary of State during the administrations of Harri- 
 son, Tyler and Fillmore. He had a national reputation 
 as an advocate and, on the floor of the Senate and else- 
 where, was considered the greatest political orator of 
 his time. He was a distinguished exponent and de- 
 fender of the Constitution. 
 
 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS 
 1767-1848 
 
 / live in the faith and hope of the progressive advance- 
 ment of Christian liberty and expect to abide by the same 
 in death. 
 
 (Elected in 1905 by 60 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1907.) 
 
 John Quincy Adams was born at Braintree, Mass., 
 July 11, 1767, and died at Washington, D. C, February 
 23, 1848. He was educated in the United States and 
 abroad. He served in the Massachusetts Senate and 
 in the United States Senate, was successively Minister 
 to The Hague, to Prussia, to Russia and to England, 
 was Secretary of State under Monroe and sixth Presi- 
 dent of the United States (1825-1829). 
 
 37 
 
JAMES MADISON 
 1751-1836 
 
 Governments do better without kings and nobles than with 
 them; religion flourishes in greater purity without than with 
 the aid of government. 
 
 (Elected in 1905 by 56 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1907.) 
 
 James Madison was born at Port Conway, Va., 
 March 16, 1751, and died at Montpelier, Va., June 28, 
 1836. After being graduated at Princeton, he studied 
 theology, philosophy and the law. He was a member 
 of the Constitutional Convention and one of the chief 
 framers of the Constitution, of the Virginia Committee 
 of Public Safety, a delegate to the Constitutional Con- 
 vention of Virginia, a member of the Continental Con- 
 gress, Secretary of State under Jefferson and twice 
 President of the United States (1809-1817). He wrote 
 on many topics of public interest and was the author 
 of the "Virginia Resolutions." 
 
 ANDREW JACKSON 
 1767-1845 
 
 Our Federal Union! It must and shall be preserved. 
 (Elected in 1910 by 53 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Andrew Jackson was born in Waxhaw settlement, 
 South Carolina, March 15, 1767, and died at "The Her- 
 mitage," Nashville, Tenn., June 8, 1845. He served in 
 the House of Representatives and in the United States 
 Senate, and was a supreme court judge in Tennessee. 
 He was commissioned major general of the Tennessee 
 troops and fought the Indians. He commanded the 
 United States forces at the battle of New Orleans. He 
 subjugated Florida and became its military governor. 
 He served two terms as President of the United States 
 (1829-1837). He was the successful opponent of nulli- 
 fication. 
 
 38 
 
ALEXANDER HAMILTON 
 1757-1804 
 
 The establishment of a constitution in time of profound 
 peace by the voluntary consent of a whole people is a 
 prodigy to the completion of which I look forward with 
 trembling anxiety. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 70 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Alexander Hamilton was born at Charles Town, 
 Nevis, W. L, January 11, 1757, and died at New York 
 City, July 12, 1804. He earned his own living when 12 
 years old, came to this country in 1772, and at once es- 
 poused the cause of the colonies, publishing pamph- 
 lets justifying their action. He served in the Revolu- 
 tion as personal aide to Washington. He originated the 
 national system of taxation, served in the Continental 
 Congress, in the Constitutional Convention and the 
 New York Legislature. His contribution to the con- 
 structive policies of the Government was unexcelled by 
 that of any other person. He was the first Secretary 
 of the Treasury, and chief author of "The Federalist." 
 
 PATRICK HENRY 
 1736-1799 
 
 Give me liberty or give me death. 
 (Elected in 1920 by 57 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Patrick Henry was born in Hanover County, Va., 
 May 29, 1736, and died in Charlotte County, Va., June 
 6, 1799. After a series of failures in other lines of work 
 he was admitted to the bar and elected to the House 
 of Burgesses, where he made many notable speeches. 
 He represented Virginia in the first Continental Con- 
 gress, and commanded the Virginia troops in 1775-76. 
 He served four terms as Governor of Virginia. He of- 
 fered a series of resolutions declaring the Stamp Act 
 unconstitutional and was a staunch and eloquent sup- 
 porter of the Revolution. 
 
 39 
 
MUSICIANS, PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, ETC. 
 
 GILBERT CHARLES STUART 
 1755-1828 
 
 The portrait of George Washington was undertaken by 
 me. It had been indeed the object of the most valuable 
 years of my life to obtain the portrait. 
 
 (Elected in 1900 by 52 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1901.) 
 
 Gilbert Charles Stuart was born at Narragansett, 
 R. L, December 3, 1755, and died at Boston, Mass., 
 July 27, 1828. He began the painting of portraits be- 
 fore he was 15 years old, but it was not until 1788 that 
 he received recognition. Among his subjects, besides 
 George Washington, were Robert Morris, John Trum- 
 bull, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Quincy 
 Adams, Madame Jerome Bonaparte, John Adams and 
 Joseph Story. His portraits are notably faithful. 
 
 CHARLOTTE SAUNDERS CUSHMAN 
 1816-1876 
 
 To be thoroughly in earnest, intensely in earnest in all 
 my thoughts and in all my actions, whether in my profession 
 or out of it, became my one single idea. 
 
 (Elected in 1915 by 53 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Charlotte Saunders Cushman was born at Boston, 
 Mass., July 23, 1816, and died there, February 18, 1876. 
 She made her first appearance in opera in 1834, and ap- 
 peared as Lady Macbeth in 1835. She toured the 
 United States with Macready, playing Shakespearean 
 roles. Her repertoire included Romeo, Wolsey, and 
 Hamlet, Meg Merrilies and Nancy Sykes. She is in 
 the front rank of American tragedians. 
 
 40 
 
AUGUSTUS SAINT-GAUDENS 
 1848-1907 
 
 Too much time cannot be spent in a task that is to endure 
 for centuries. 
 
 (Elected in 1920 by 67 votes. Tablet unveiled in 1921.) 
 
 Augustus Saint-Gaudens was born at Dublin, Ireland. 
 March 1, 1848, and died at Cornish, N. H., August 6. 
 1907. When 13 years old he was apprenticed to learn 
 cameo cutting. In 1871 he produced his first figure, 
 called "Hiawatha." Among his better known works 
 are the President Lincoln statue in Chicago, the Shaw 
 monument in Boston, the Adams figure in Rock Creek 
 Cemetery, Washington, and the Sherman and Farragut 
 statues in New York City. He was one of the first 
 seven members of the American Academy of Arts and 
 Letters. 
 
 41 
 
BUSTS HITHERTO ERECTED 
 
 The busts hitherto placed in position are these : 
 
 Robert Fulton, by Jean-Antoine Houdon, unveiled 
 September 29, 1909. 
 
 Horace Mann, gift of Dr. Henry Mitchell Mac- 
 Cracken, unveiled May 30, 1907. 
 
 Ulysses Simpson Grant, by Henry M. Shrady; un- 
 veiled by Marshal Joseph-Jacques-Cesaire Joffre, April 
 27, 1922. (Temporary bust.) 
 
 And these, placed May 20, 1922: 
 
 George Washington, by Jean-Antoine Houdon; gift 
 of the Daughters of the American Revolution ; unveiled 
 by Field-Marshal Earl French of Ypres. 
 
 Mark Hopkins, by Hans Hoerbst ; gift of Williams 
 College Alumni ; unveiled by President Harry A. Garfield. 
 
 Gilbert Charles Stuart, by Mrs. Laura Gardin 
 Fraser ; gift of many citizens ; unveiled by Miss Cecilia 
 Beaux. 
 
 Edgar Allan Poe, by Daniel Chester French; gift of 
 J. Sanford Saltus ; unveiled by Edwin Markham. 
 
 Maria Mitchell, by Emma F. Brigham; presented by 
 William Mitchell Kendall; unveiled by President Henry 
 Noble MacCracken of Vassar College. 
 
 42 
 
Busts Erected May 22, 1923: 
 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson, by Daniel Chester French ; 
 gift of the Authors' Club of Boston ; unveiled by Dr. 
 Edward Waldo Emerson, son of the poet. Address by Dr. 
 Henry van Dyke. 
 
 Henry Ward Beecher, by Massey Rhind; gift of the 
 late William A. Nash; unveiled by Colonel William C. 
 Beecher, son of the former pastor of Plymouth Church ; 
 address by the Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis, of Plymouth 
 Church. 
 
 Francis Elizabeth Willard, by Lorado Taft; gift of 
 the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union ; un- 
 veiled by Mr. O. H. Willard, kinsman of Miss Willard ; 
 address by Miss Anna A. Gordon, President N. W. C. 
 T. U. 
 
 Ulysses Simpson Grant, by James Earle Fraser and 
 Thomas Hudson Jones ; gift of citizens ; unveiled by 
 Major-General J. G. Harbord, U. S. A. (Retired), 
 D. S. M., late Deputy Chief of Staff. (Permanent bust.) 
 
 Robert Edward Lee, by George T. Brewster ; gift of 
 the N. Y. Division of the United Daughters of the Con- 
 federacy; unveiled by Dr. George Boiling Lee, grandson 
 of the General; address by Hon. Martin W. Littleton, 
 President of the Southern Society of New York. 
 
 Alexander Hamilton, by Giuseppi Ceracchi ; gift of 
 the Alexander Hamilton Institute of New York; unveiled 
 by Miss Mary Schuyler Hamilton, great-granddaughter of 
 Hamilton; address by Dr. Talcott Williams. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, by Augustus Saint-Gaudens ; gift 
 of the Union League Club of Chicago ; unveiled by Mrs. 
 Mary Lincoln Isham, granddaughter of Lincoln ; address 
 by His Excellency Monsieur J. J. Jusserand, Ambassador 
 of the French Republic. 
 
 43 
 
Butts Erected May 13, 1924: 
 
 John Adams, by John Francis Paramino; gift of the 
 Massachusetts Society of the Sons of the Revolution ; un- 
 veiled by John Adams, great-great-grandson of President 
 Adams ; address by Professor William M. Sloane, Presi- 
 dent of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. 
 
 Phillips Brooks, by Daniel Chester French; gift of 
 Trinity Church, Boston ; unveiled by Miss Josephine 
 Brooks, niece of Bishop Brooks ; address by the Rev. 
 Leighton Parks, D.D. 
 
 Samuf.l Langhorn Clemens (Mark Twain), by Albert 
 
 Humphreys ; gift of the Estate of Mark Twain ; unveiled 
 
 by his daughter, Mrs. Ossip Gabrilowitsch ; address by 
 Miss Agnes Repplier. 
 
 Peter Cooper, by Chester Beach; gift of Graduates of 
 Cooper Union; unveiled by Miss Edith Cram, great-great- 
 granddaughter of Cooper ; address by R. Fulton Cutting, 
 Esq., President of Cooper Union. 
 
 James Buchanan Eads, by Charles Grafly; gift of the 
 American Society of Civil Engineers ; unveiled by James 
 Eads Switzer, Esq., grandson of Captain Eads ; address 
 by Dr. George F. Swain, Professor of Civil Engineering 
 at Harvard. 
 
 Joseph Henry, by John Flanagan; gift of the American 
 Institute of Electrical Engineers ; unveiled by Thomas A. 
 Edison, Esq.; address by Frank P. Jewett, Past- President 
 of the Institute. 
 
 Andrew Jackson, by Belle Kinney; gift of the Ladies' 
 Hermitage Association of Nashville, Tenn. ; unveiled by 
 Mr. Albert Marble Jackson, great-grandson of the Presi- 
 dent; address by Hon. Norman H. Davis, former Acting- 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 44 
 
Thomas Jefferson, by Robert Ingersoll Aitkcn ; gift of 
 the Jefferson Boys' Pilgrimage Committee and others, 
 through the New York World ; unveiled by Mrs. Francis 
 O. Barton, great-great-granddaughter of President Jeffer- 
 son ; address by Dr. Edwin A. Alderman, President of the 
 University of Virginia. 
 
 William Thomas Green Morton, by Helen Farnsworth 
 Mears ; gift of members of the New York Academy of 
 Medicine ; unveiled by Mr. Bowditch Morton, grandson of 
 Dr. Morton; address by Dr. William W. Keen, Past-Presi- 
 dent of the American Surgical Association. 
 
 Alice Freeman Palmer, by Evelyn Longman; gift of 
 Wellesley College ; unveiled by Professor George H. Pal- 
 mer, husband of Alice Freeman Palmer ; address by Dr. 
 James R. Angell, President of Yale University. 
 
 45 
 
INDEX 
 
 Page 
 
 Adams, John - 34 
 
 Adams, John Quincy 37 
 
 Agassiz, Louis 25 
 
 Audubon, John James 24 
 
 Bancroft, George 13 
 
 Beecher, Henry Ward 20 
 
 Boone, Daniel 29 
 
 Brooks, Phillips 21 
 
 Bryant, William Cullen 13 
 
 Channing, William Ellery 21 
 
 Choate, Rufus 33 
 
 Clay, Henry 34 
 
 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne (Mark Twain) 17 
 
 Cooper, James Fenimore 14 
 
 Cooper, Peter 22 
 
 Cushman, Charlotte Saunders 40 
 
 Eads, James Buchanan 26 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan 20 
 
 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 10 
 
 Farragut, David Glascoe 30 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin 35 
 
 Fulton, Robert 27 
 
 Grant, Ulysses Simpson 30 
 
 Gray, Asa 24 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander , _ 39 
 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel 10 
 
 Henry, Joseph 25 
 
 Henry, Patrick 39 
 
 Holmes, Oliver Wendell 14 
 
 Hopkins, Mark 19 
 
 Howe, Elias 29 
 
 Irving, Washington 11 
 
 46 
 
Page 
 
 Jackson, Andrew 38 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas 35 
 
 Kent, James 32 
 
 Lee, Robert Edward 31 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham 36 
 
 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 11 
 
 Lowell, James Russell 12 
 
 Lyon, Mary 18 
 
 Madison, James 38 
 
 Marshall, John 32 
 
 Mann, Horace - 17 
 
 Mitchell, Maria 26 
 
 Morse, Samuel Finby Breese 28 
 
 Morton, William Thomas Green 27 
 
 Motley, John Lothrop 15 
 
 Palmer, Alice Freeman 19 
 
 Parkman, Francis 16 
 
 Peabody, George 23 
 
 Poe, Edgar Allan . 15 
 
 Saint-Gaudens, Augustus 41 
 
 Sherman, William Tecumseh 31 
 
 Story, Joseph 33 
 
 Stowe, Harriet Beecher 16 
 
 Stuart, Gilbert Charles 40 
 
 Washington, George 36 
 
 Webster, Daniel 37 
 
 Whitney, Eli 28 
 
 Whittier, John Greenleaf 12 
 
 Willard, Emma 18 
 
 Willard, Frances Elizabeth 23 
 
 Williams, Roger 22 
 
 47 
 
HOW TO REACH THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 The Hall of Fame, which is situated on the Campus 
 of New York University at University Heights, may be 
 reached as follows : 
 
 1. By transfer from the West Side subway (Inter- 
 borough) at 181st street to the University Avenue trol- 
 ley which passes the Campus. 
 
 2. By the New York Central, Hudson River Divi- 
 sion, from the Grand Central Terminal to University 
 Heights Station ; or by the West Side Elevated and 
 the Putnam Division of the New York Central from 
 Sedgwick Avenue to University Heights station. 
 
 3. From Grand Central Terminal by Lexington Ave- 
 nue Subway (Jerome Avenue Express), transferring at 
 167th Street to the Sixth Avenue elevated to New York 
 University station. 
 
 The University supplies guides to the Hall of Fame 
 Saturday and Sunday afternoons. 
 
 48 
 
 .1 V'