MISSIONARY PAPER 
 
 BY THB 
 
 ISr-amlDer Twenty- F'oiir. 
 
 EPIPHAINY, 1863. 
 
 AN APPEAL FOR THE RED MAK 
 
 " What liOAie Inmo done f Is there not a cause f" — 1 Samuel : 17 c. 29 v. 
 
 CIENTEAL EEPUBLICAN; 
 
 BOOKJ lANB iJOB OFFICE, 
 
 F ARIBAULT, .E-ICE CO . i fMiif JST, ■ 
 
AN APPEAL FOR THE EED MAU. 
 
 There are times when the Christian laborer has the right to 
 ask for the sympathy, the prayers and the co-operation of ali 
 good men ; for this reason I aek the cahti attention of my fel- 
 low cit'zens to an appeal in behalf of one of the most wretch- 
 ed races of heathen men on the earth. I do not make this 
 plea simply for a heathen race — I plead for every interest 
 which is dear to my heart. The fair fame of the State, the 
 blessing of God upon the nation, the protection of pef^ceful 
 citizens from savage violence, the Avelfare of our children, and 
 the prosperity of the Church of Christ are bound up in our 
 settlement of this Indian question. It is too late to shrink 
 from responsibility. The fearful issues are upon us, and as 
 we settle them justly or unjustly, we shall receive the blessing 
 or the curse of Almighty God. 
 
 It is not a pleasant task to make an appeal, where excited 
 public feeling may arouse unkind suspicions and unjust accu- 
 sations. Few men love more than myself the approval of 
 their fellow citizens, and none desire more the affection of 
 those among whom they labor. I dare not be silent ; I fear 
 less the reproaches of the people than the anger of God. 
 
 The nation has heard of the most fearful Indian massacre 
 in history, but those who live remote from the border can 
 have no idea of the awful horrors which have accompanied 
 the desolation of two hundred miles of the fairest country on 
 th e earth. Many of these victims of savage ferocity, were my 
 friends. They had mingled their voices with mine in prayer; 
 they had given to me such hospitality as can only be found 
 in the log cabin of the frontier. It fills my heart with grief, 
 and blinds my eyes with tears whenever I think of their name- 
 less graves. It is because I love them, and would save others 
 from their fatfey tjaat/I a-sktlja* the peaple .^h'ad iay .the blame 
 of this great crime wh-ere'it- bel'sngs, and Vise -up- with one 
 voice to demand the reici-m. of. .an. atrocious Indian system, 
 which has always garnej'fejdrfpr jis th 6: Sjaane fruit of anguish 
 and blood. 
 
3 
 
 There is not a man in America 'who ever gave an hour's 
 calm reflection to this subject, who does not know that our 
 Indian system is an organized system of robbery, and has k 
 been for years a disgrace to the nation. It has left savage men - f 
 without governmental control ; it has looked on unconcerned 
 at every crime against the law of God and man ; it has fos- 
 tered savage life by wasting thousands of dollars in the pur- 
 chase of paint, beads, scalping knives, and tomahawks; it | 
 has fostered a system of trade which robbed the thrifty and 
 virtuous to pay the debts of the indolent and vicious ; it has 
 squandered the funds for civilization and schools. , it has con- 
 nived at theft; it has winked at murder ; and at last, after 
 dragging the savage down to a brutishness unknown to his 
 fathers, it has brought a harvest of blood to our own door. 
 
 It was under this Indian system that l^fie fierce, warlike 
 Sioux were fitted and trained to be ther actors in this bloody 
 drama; and the same causes are to-day, slowly but surely, 
 preparing the way for a Chippewa Avar. There is not to-day, 
 an old citizen of Minnesota who Avill not shrug his shoulders 
 as he speaks of the dishonesty Avhicli accompanied the 
 purchase of the lands of the Sioux. It left in savage minds a 
 deep sense of injustice. There folloAved ten years of savage 
 life, unchecked by laAV, and uninfluenced by good example. 
 They were taught by white men that lying was no disgrace, 
 adultery no sin, and theft no crime. Their hunting grounds 
 were gone, the onAvard march of civilization crowded them on 
 every side. Their only possible hope of being saved from 
 starvation Avas the fidelity Avith Avhich a great nation fulfilled 
 its plighted faith, Avhich before God and man it had pledged 
 to its heathen Avards. The people here on the border, and the 
 rulers at Washington know hoAV that faith has been broken. 
 The constant iritations of such a system Avould in time have 
 secured an Indian Massacre.- It Avas hastened and precipi- 
 tated by the sale of nearly 800,000 acres of land, for Avhich 
 they ne\'er received one farthing, for it was all absorbed in 
 claims. Then came the story, (and it Avas true) that half of 
 their annuity money, had also been taken for claims. They 
 Avaited two months, mad, exasperated, hungry — the agent 
 utterly poAverless to undo the wrong committed at Washing- 
 ton — and they resolved on savage vengeance. For every dol- 
 lar of Avhich they haA^e been defrauded Ave shall -pay ten dol- 
 lars in the cost of this Avar. It has been so for fifty years, it 
 will be so again. Gods retributive justice ahvays has com- 
 pelled a people to reap exactly Avhat they have permitted to 
 be soAvn. In the ChippcAva country there was the same 
 
"4 
 
 wretched policy, aud if possible, ten fold more of wrong. 
 They had seen an innocent woman die by the brutal violence 
 of white men. They knew that fictitious amounts Avere cer- 
 tified to, and dead men's names placed on the pay rolls. They 
 saw disease and death holding a carnival in every Indian vil- 
 lage, and they knew that much of their sorrow was a cup of 
 degradation which we had given them to drink. They have 
 always been our friends, and hoping against hope, have wait- 
 ed for the tardy justice of white men. Last fall a crafty leader 
 sought to use these elements ot discontent to excite an Indian 
 outbreak, and had it not been that there was a Christian In- 
 dian Clergyman, and faithful Indian friends to give us warn- 
 ing, there would have been another devastated border. That 
 Indian Clergyman lost his all by his fidelity. His eldest son, 
 then sick, died in corj^equence of that night journey, another 
 child is lying at the point of death, and his wife is broken 
 hearted with grief and care. His Indian friends were many 
 of them also sufferers from the anger of their savage people, 
 ' but they felt overpaid by having saved their white friends 
 from death. The Indian Commissioner, the Secretaiy of the 
 Interior, the Clerk ot the Department, all knew these facts, 
 and pledged these men in the name of their Great Father, 
 ample reward and protection for their fidelity, and that the 
 .leaders in this attempted insurrection should be punished. 
 The Legislature of the State also sent a Commission to the 
 Indian country, and they made pledges in a solemn treaty, 
 that all past wrongs should be redressed. Has any such 
 commission been anointed? any examination been made? any 
 effort made to redress these wrongs? The Indian Chiefs say 
 that the Government has rewai'ded the wrong-doer, whom 
 they can prove had made a treaty with Little Crow, and they 
 also say that the reason of this reward is that he knew too 
 much of the past robberies of his own people. They warn us 
 that the Government is teaching their young men that they 
 will be losers to follow the advice of good Chiefs, and that 
 we will surely secure a bolder outbreak and massacre. They 
 complain that no discrimination is ever made between the good 
 and the bad Indian, that no law punishes the one or protects 
 the othei-, that no efforts are made to redress their wrongs, 
 that no help is offered them to become like white men, that 
 we are crowding them into their graves, and that however 
 much they desire peace, the time is coming when we shall 
 compel them to a choice of deaths. After months of waiting 
 for the fulfilment of these p gdges, these Indians have received 
 at the hands of their agent,! a treaty, which they are urged to 
 
5>> 
 
 sign at once. The alternative is peaoable oi' forcible removal. 
 This treaty provides that they shall relinquish all their res- 
 ervations, many of which are valuable, and receive as payment 
 therefor a tract of country, much of it so poor that it is abso- 
 lutely valueless. Any white man who has traveled over that 
 country knows that these Indians cannot live on that proi^osed 
 reservation without they are aided far beyond the provisions 
 of this treaty. It has filled the friendly Indians with sorrow, 
 and the bad with anger. A Chief who did as much as any 
 man to prevent a Chippewa war, said in the council that 
 he thought that their Great Father would never have asked 
 Indians to give up their homes, who had lived in peace with 
 the wnite man, and been so faithful to them. He said that 
 no confidence can be placed in white men's words, for they 
 have again and again made promises which they liave broken. 
 He said before you came to us, we had^lenty and were hap- 
 py, but since we sold you our land we are growing poorer and 
 poorer every day. If you will take away our annuities you 
 may do so, we cannot leave our Country; we love the place 
 where good braves and chiefs closed their eyes; we love our 
 country as much as you love your great city at Washington, 
 named after your great chief; we cannot leave it." This 
 feeling that our fixith has been broken is common among the 
 Chippewas. During the last Summer I visited the Indians 
 at Red Lake, After the services, the liead chief came to me 
 and said "You have spoken good words to iis ; you are the 
 servant of the Great Spirit. I want you to go and see my 
 people's gardens, and then I will ask your advice." I took 
 the Chiefs pony, and rode four miles through corn-fields, ev- 
 ery acre of which was cultivated with the hoe. I ate new 
 corn and new potatoes from these gardens, the first week in 
 Aus"ust. My interpreter counted twenty-nine sacks of 
 last years corn in one lodge, and we hardly found a lodge 
 without plenty of old corn. On my return the Chief said, 
 "You have seen my people; they have plenty; they are not 
 hungry; our Great Father is about to send a Commissioner 
 here to buy our land;I have noticed that whenever Indians 
 sell their lands to their Great Father, they always perish. I 
 should be sorry to liaA'^e ray people become like the Indians 
 at Crow Wing. Will the Bishop tell rae all he has in his 
 head" Never did my cheeks mantle as they did then with 
 shame. What could I say? If I told him what I knew, no 
 treaty could have been made, and I could not afford to have 
 the Government accuse me of preventing the making of an 
 Indian treaty. I simply said, "I am a Spiritual Chief; I have 
 
6 
 
 no right to say one word about treaties ; I can advise you 
 "vvhat to do when you do sell your land. Select your home, 
 not for its o;ame, but as a place where you can live as white 
 men, by labor. Take your -pay, not in paint, beads, and 
 hatchets, but in implements of labor. Try to become like 
 white men ; embrace the white man's religion ; tlie Great 
 Spirit will bless you, and you will save your people." 
 
 Recently I received a message from an old Chief, it was 
 a story he told his young men — "a very nice and pretty 
 bird of all colors, came and sang beside our village — a voice 
 said 'listen not to him, pay no heed to his song, look not 
 on his colors' — he went away. He came again with liner col- 
 ors and sweeter songs, and he continued to do so until 
 Ave heard him, and he led iis away to die. The bird is the 
 higJmives, his songs are his fair words, and lying promises, 
 his colors are the painits, the beads and goods he gives for 
 our country — woe to us, for the day we hear the 'big knives' 
 words we go to our graves. " 
 
 Our Indian Clergyman writes to me — "Do dear Bishop, do 
 all you can for my dying yjeople, to-day if we had never seen 
 the Avhite man we would be a hundred times better off, our 
 only hope is in you, if you fail we shall perish ; that the good 
 J>ishop may yet be the means of doing much good to our op- 
 pressed people ; in private and public, we make our devotions. 
 We have remembered him at the throne of grace, and may 
 he as our spiritual parent live many days, and be the means 
 of the salvation of our people." Can I hear the cry of this 
 wretched people and be silent? Can I see these wrongs and 
 not speak out ? I should be ashamed of my manhood, if I dar- 
 ed to be silent, I should be recreant to my awful trust as 
 shepherd of souls ! 
 
 I shall be told it is too late to reform. It is never too late 
 to redress wrong. It will cost time, labor and money. This 
 course of injustice will provoke a Chippewa Avar, and our peo- 
 ple can imagine Avhat that Avar willbe, Avhen savage foes haA^e 
 Avildernses hiding places, filled AAdth lakes, swamps, and 
 thickets, 300 miles long, and 300 miles broad. Such a Avar 
 Ave tried in Florida. After long years, of Avasted treasure and 
 l)recious lives sacrificed, Ave may hunt tiiem out. But 
 the most expensive justice, Avould be a thousand fold cheaper. 
 The chiefs among the Chippewas desire peace, they dread 
 a Avar more than Ave do. This Avhole question can be settled 
 Avhenever good men can say to them, your people shall be 
 cared for, honestly and faithfully; but mere promises will not 
 answer. On my recent Adsit they plead Avith me for hours and 
 
1 
 
 asked me to write their old friend Wabah Manomin (Senator 
 Rice) to come and settle all these questions. But they say truly 
 an unjust treaty will never be approved by the Indians it must 
 lead to war. The people, who have no interest in the gains of 
 this wicked system, are desirous for such reform; but the agita- 
 tions, the threats of public speakers, the retaliatory measures 
 offered in the legislature, are all read by half bloods on the 
 border and repeated with exaggeration to Indians and they are 
 like goads to drive them to madness. 
 
 There are questons pressing upon us more grave than the hang- 
 ing of a few hundred Indian prisoners. They concern a na- 
 tions broken faith, and the reform of a crying evil. Deeply 
 as our people feel on the question of slavery, they may see 
 here on the border a system which in curses to body and soul, 
 in the loss of manhood, home, and Heaven, has worked out a 
 degradation to red men, which slavery never has done for the 
 African race. 
 
 For openly asking this reform I have been accused of sym- 
 pathy with savage crimes. The story was sent out on the 
 wings of the Avind that my absence from my dioscese was to 
 secure pardon for savage murderers, when the truth Avas that 
 I visited Washington at the request of the Governor to secure 
 protection for 'Our defenceless people, and I delayed my re- 
 turn, simply to secure relief for our poor homeless sufferers. — 
 I have no desire to condemn individuals. There have been In- 
 dian traders and Indian agents who have desired to do their 
 duty, but they were utterly powerless. The blame of the 
 Sioux massacre does not lie at the agent's door. The same 
 system which has destroyed Indian Missions has fettered 
 them. I submit to every man the question whether the time 
 has not come, for a nation to hear the cry of wrong, if not far 
 the sake ofthe heathen, for the sake ofthe memory of our friends 
 whose bones are bleaching on our prairies. I should feel less 
 sad at this history of sorrrow, if I did not see that in 
 Canada there has never been an Indian massacre, or an Indian 
 war. They are not compelled as we, to remove the Indians 
 or live in terror ? They spend a hundreth part in preventing 
 that we spend in suppressing Indian outbreaks. Their mis- 
 sions are prospered and ours are blasted — they live in peace, 
 and we live in perpetual strife. 
 
 More than a year ago I felt that we were living over a 
 slumbering volcano, I felt sure that the day was at hand when 
 it would burst forth, I plead with all the earnestness of a man 
 pleading for for his home, and I believe ifmy prayer had been 
 heard there would be no widov/ed wives, nor orphaned chil- 
 
8V 
 
 dren, no blackened homes from this savage war. Last fall I 
 sent another petition to our Chief Magistrate signed by all of 
 onr northern Bishops and many ot the first clergy and laity 
 in 'the nation : 
 
 To his Excellency the President of the TTnited States : 
 
 SiK : — We respectfully call your attention to the recent 
 Indian outbreak which has desolated one of the fairest por- 
 tions of our country, as demanding the careful exanination of 
 the Government. 
 
 The history of our relations with the Indian tribes of North 
 Amei'ica, shows that after tliey enter into treaty stipulations 
 with the United States a rapid deterioration always takes 
 j)lace. They become degraded, liable to savage outbreaks of- 
 ten incited to war, until at last the wretched remnant perish 
 from the face of the earth. 
 
 It is believed that much of this record has been the result of 
 fundamental errors in the policy of the Government, which 
 thwarts its kind intentions towards this hopeless race. — 
 We therefore respectfully call your attention to the following 
 suggestions : 
 
 First, That it is impolitic for our Government to treat a 
 heathen community living within our borders as an indepen- 
 dent nation, but that they ought to be regarded as our wards. 
 So far as we know, the English Government has never had an 
 Indian war in Canada ; while we have seldom passed a year 
 without one. 
 
 Second, That it is dangerous to ourselves and to them to 
 leave these Indian tribes without a Government, not subject to 
 our own laws, and where every corrupt influence of the bor- 
 der, must inevitably foster a spirit of revenge leading to mur- 
 der and war. 
 
 Third, That the solemn responsibility of the case of a 
 heathen race, requires that the Agent and servants of the 
 Government, who have them in charge, shall be men of emi- 
 nent fitness, and in no case should suchofiicers be regarded as 
 a reward for political service. 
 
 Fourth, That every feeling of honor and of justice de- 
 mands that the Indian funds which we hold from them as 
 a trust, shall be carefully expended under some well devised 
 system which will encourage their efforts towards civilization. 
 
 Fifth, That the present system of Indian trade is mis- 
 chievous and demoralizing, and ought to be so amended 
 as to protect the Indian and wholly to prevent the possibility 
 
of the sale of the patrimony of the tribe to satisfy individual 
 debts. 
 
 /Sixth, That is is believed that the history of our dealings 
 with the Indians lias been marked by gross acts of injustice, 
 and robbery, such as could not be prevented under the pres- 
 ent system of managment, and that these wrongs have often 
 proved the prolific cause of war and bloodshed. It is due 
 to these helpless red men that these evils shall be redressed, 
 and without this we cannot hope for the blessing of Almighty 
 God, in our efforts to secure permanent peace and tranquility 
 on our western border. 
 
 We feel that these results cannot be secured without mucli 
 careful thought, and therefore request you to take such steps 
 as may be necessary to appoint a commission of men of higli 
 character, who have no political ends to subserve, to whom 
 may be refererd this whole question, in order that they may 
 devise a more pei-fect system for the. administration of Indian 
 affairs, which shall redress these wrongs, preserve the honor 
 of the Government, and call down upon us the blessings of 
 God. 
 
 H. B. Whipple, 
 
 Bishop of Minnesota. 
 
 T. H. Clakk, 
 
 Bishop of Ehode Island. 
 
 Jackson Kempee, 
 
 Bishop of Wisconsin. 
 
 C. S. Hawks, 
 
 Bishop of Missouri. 
 
 Geoegb Bukgess, 
 
 Bishop of Maine. 
 
 Heney J. Whitehouse, 
 
 Bishop of Illinois. 
 
 Alonzo Pottee, 
 
 Bishop of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Caelton Chase, 
 
 Bishop of New Hampshire. 
 
 Alfeed Lee, 
 
 Bishop of Delaware. 
 
 Chaeles p. McIlvaine, 
 
 Bishop of Ohio. 
 
 B. B. Smith, 
 
 Bishop of Kentucky. 
 
 Mantoe Eastbtjen, 
 
 Bishop of Massachusetts. 
 
 HoEATio Pottee, 
 
 Bishop of New York. 
 G. T. Bedell, 
 
 Assistant Bishop of Ohio. 
 
 S. p. Parkee, 
 
 Rector of St. Paul's Church, Stockton. 
 
 Geo. C. Shattuck, 
 
 Deputy from Massachusetts. 
 
 Andrew Oliver, 
 
 Bee, ImmanuclCh, Bellows Falls, Vt. 
 
 J. L. Claek, 
 
 Rec. St. John's Ch. Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 M. Schuylee, 
 
 Rector of Christ Church, St. Louis. 
 T. WlLCOXON, 
 
 Missionary in Minnesota. 
 
 P. S. Adams, 
 
 Rec. St. Andrew's Ch. Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Feancis Chase, 
 
 Rec. St. Andrew's Ch., Hopkinton, N. 11. 
 
 Alex. Buegess, 
 
 Rec. St. Luke's Ch, Portland, Maine. 
 
 John W. Andeews, 
 
 of Ohio 
 
 Eeastus Buee, 
 
 of Ohio. 
 
 Wm. Welsh, 
 
 ot Philadelphia. 
 
 MuEEAY Hoffman, 
 
 New York. 
 
 Isaac Atwater. 
 
 Ass. Justice Supreme Court, Minn. 
 
1« 
 
 Jos. C. Talbot, 
 
 John E. WARREir, 
 
 St Paul. 
 
 Wm. Bacox Stevexs, 
 
 Missionary Bishop of North West. 
 
 Assistant Bishop of Pennslyvania. 
 
 Henky W. Lee, 
 
 Bishop of Dioscese of Iowa. 
 
 Geokge Upfold, 
 
 Bishop of Indiana. 
 
 L. Bradish, 
 
 New York, 
 
 Samuel B. Ruggle, 
 
 New York. 
 
 iSTlCHOLAS IIOPPI^", 
 
 Fred. S. Wixstok, 
 
 Hector Christ Ch., Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 New Y''ork. 
 
 I am sick at heart; I fear the words of one of our statesmen 
 to me were true : "Bishop every word you say of this Indian sys- 
 tem is true; the nation knows it. It is useless; you will notbe 
 heard. Your faith is only like that of the man that stood on 
 the bank of the river waiting for the water to run by, that he 
 might cross over dry shod. " All I liave to say is that if a nation 
 trembling on the brink of anarchy and ruin is so dead that it 
 M ill not liear a plea to redress wrongs which the whole people 
 admit call for reform, Gocl in mercy pity us and our children. 
 
 V V -A- wJLm " * ^ 
 
 BISHOP OF MINNESOTA. 
 
Since the Bishop prepared the foregoing paper, I liave re- 
 ceived the following letter from Mr. Georo-e B«no-a of Leech 
 Lake. I would state that Mr. Bunga is a mixed blood of Afri- 
 can and Chippewa descent, and from my personal knowledge 
 of him for many years past, I know him to be entirely reliable 
 in hiss tatements, and from a residence in the country described 
 by him, I can bear witness to the trnth of them. 
 
 J. LLOYD BRECK. 
 
 Leech Lake, January 28th, 1863. 
 
 To Rev. J. Lloyd Bkeck — Reverend Sir : Knowing your 
 feelings, and that of the Bishop, for the red men, I thought I 
 would write you and let you know what was going on in Li- 
 dian matters in this part of the country. Nothing that Ave 
 could say could prevail on the Red Lake Indians to get them 
 to go to Washington to make a treaty; they had it so firmly 
 in their minds that once they got there, they would have to 
 accept of what was olfered them. They said thev were will- 
 ing to meet any one at the Grand Forks next Summer, and 
 there sell their lands. Most of the annuity chiefs have got 
 back from the Agency where they were called to sign a treaty 
 that had been dictated and left by Judge Usher. They did 
 not sign it. Tne purport of the treaty was, that all the Mis- 
 sissippi bands would abandon their Reserves, and settle on a 
 tract of country lying between this and Cass, and Winnepeg 
 lakes. The Judge must have got the idea from maps, or some 
 person that wanted to have something to say and did not care 
 Avhat he said, or probably some one had an axe of liis own to 
 grind, and after ground, would not care what became of the 
 Indians, or the whites that may be living with them. The 
 idea is ridiculous to us who knov/ the country. The most of 
 it is swamps, marshes, or the kind of country that produces 
 the small, black, low pine. There are only a few small lakes, 
 but there is no fish or rice in them. The Government 
 land at Cass lake is nothing but this yellow pine and sand, 
 and the whole of that country is destitute of any kind 
 of game, and even rabbits are but tew. It is true, at this 
 lake there is a fair way for them to get along, and their 
 children after them, and in such a kind of country, 
 with one tenth of the money that the Government has already 
 spent for them, would induce them, little by little, and would 
 
 t 
 
12 
 
 hope to become another people, and their children would be 
 enabled to mingle among the civilized world. I am led to 
 believe why their chances to benefit the Indians, and to agree 
 with the wishes of the Government are not acted on, is be- 
 cause that persons are sent, and too often they are men who 
 pay no attention, for the reason they are afraid they would 
 not come within their jurisdiction and of course would be no 
 benefit to their pockets, and some of them would be against 
 anything of the kind if it did not suit them. Few persons are 
 so well acquainted with the Chippewas and their former 
 country as myself, for I have lived with almost every band 
 from Sault tet. Mary to this, and am well acquainted with all 
 their lakes and rivers from the Lakes Superior to Michigan, 
 and I honestly say that I don't know of a lake or river that 
 abounds in fish as the Red Lake, and Red Lake River, and 
 from thence up the Tliieving River. From the first time I 
 became acquainted with these rivers it seemed to me it was 
 designed by the Great Spirit for the home of the Lidians. . 
 There is every thing to make them content. Plenty of good 
 land, (part prairie) and fish right at their doors. The objec- 
 tion I see, that there is not so many maple trees as could be 
 wished for, but perhaps some could be found in the interior. 
 Rev. Sir, it looks to me that we have got to a crisis that has 
 not been known in this country. The Indians are very much 
 dissatisfied, and the whites below won't have the Indians 
 about them any more, and we all feel that something has got 
 to be done. There is some Government land, but it is and 
 has always been occupied by these Indians as their sugar- 
 camp. At the time of their treaty of 1855 they were given 
 to understand that they might use it, and the Avhites would 
 not want it for one hundred years to come. Knowing the 
 ^country as I do, I am aware that there is not five sugar-camps 
 within two day's travel of this lake that was belonging to the 
 Leech Lake Indians, and if the lower Indians are moved on 
 their lands, they will have to occupy those sugar-camps, and 
 thence would come the strife among themselves and dissatis- 
 faction against the whites and perhaps the cause of more 
 trouble. Of late years these Indians have had as hard times 
 for want of food in tlie Summer as they have in the Winter; ' 
 the only difference is the warm weather, and berries and roots. 
 There is not one-half the fish caught now that there was at 
 the time you resided at this lake ; in fact, we know that it 
 can't be otherwise wdien we know that every day there is from 
 three to four hundred nets in the water, and from eight hun- 
 dred to one thousand Indians living by them. Rev. Sir, how 
 
13 
 
 can it be expected that Indians can live in such a country as 
 I have described, which I defy any one to say to the contrary. 
 It is to be supposed that they will hear of the kind of country 
 that they are required to settle on, and it is my poor opinion 
 that they will never go unless the soldiers drive and keep them 
 there. Even if they went there they can't get an existence 
 without they rob and plunder the whites, and thence perhaps 
 the beginning of the extermination of these Indians. Pardon 
 me if I say here, that if the Government is induced to move 
 and keep these Indians, what will be the cost. I am to be 
 pitied for writing as I do; would it not be'iiiore satisfactory 
 to the government, and thousands of dollars cheaper to move 
 them at once, to a suitable country, and where they would 
 be out of the way of the whites. 
 
 I wrote to Senator Rice a few days ago, and stated to him 
 about the I^ed Lake Country, but was not so particular in de- 
 fining as here, for I don't see how the Indians can be friends 
 to the whites in such a state of affairs,- Another question, 
 who is the person that can straighten out things and make 
 the path smooth? Such a man is now wanted. Of late the 
 Indians have been so mixed up that now they have no confi- 
 dence in the Government or its officers. I presume the bad 
 health of Senator Rice would not allow him to come to this 
 wild country, for I candidly believe he is the only man that 
 can make a removal of the Indians satisfactory to them, for it 
 must be taken into consideration that it is ten times more dif- 
 ficult to move Indians than it is to make a treaty to buy their 
 lands. Senator Rice has this in favor more than any one else 
 that could be sent by the Government. Every trader and 
 half-breed or any person of influence are his friends, and that 
 is a good deal in removing Indians; and these people have 
 always told them that he was the friend of the Indian, and 
 would do everything in justice that lay in his power for them. 
 The cry is, I wish WabeManomin would come to us once 
 more. They have that respect for him that in their smoking 
 and camp-fires it is seldom but that they spe^ak of him. My 
 sincere wish is that the Indian Department at Washington 
 only knew what a suitable country there was vacant for the 
 permanent home of the Chippewas. It appears to me it 
 would be adopted, for it is of no ^^se to the whites, and it 
 would agree with one of the great wishes of the Government 
 by placing the Indian where he would not be in the way of 
 the white population, and with some care on the part of the 
 Government, the ruination of all Indians, (fire-water) coixld 
 be kept from him. 
 
14 
 
 Reverend Sir, what I have written is strictly true, and how 
 proud I would be if I saw some person, (disinterested and 
 some symjDathy and justice to the Indians) to be here at the 
 opening of the lakes, say the 2.5th of April, and see the coun- 
 try that I have here written about; I feel confident that my 
 opinion would be the opinion of all who wished for the exist- 
 ence of the Chippewas some years longer. I write of this 
 -country because I know that there is no other part of the for- 
 mer Chippewa country that they can be moved to and live. 
 
 Rev. Sir, knowing how hard the Bishop works for the wel- 
 fare of the Indian, I beg of you to show him this, my poor 
 opinion as regard the removal of the Indians. I ought to have 
 said too, that the Otter Tail band was ordered by Judge 
 Usher to come on their Reserves at this lake. So they will 
 have to get a share of these Sugar Camps, for you are aware 
 that a Chippewa without fish, or the means to make sugar, 
 would be as strange to him as a white man without a shirt. 
 
 Your Unworthy Servant, 
 G. BUNGA. 
 
 BISHOP SEABURY MISSIOX.— Incorporated May 22nd, 
 1860. Trustees— Rt. Rev. H. B. Whipple, D. D., Rev. 
 J. Lloyd Breck, D. D., Rev. S. W. Manney, Rev. E. G. 
 Gear, Rev. D. B. Knickerbocker, Rev. E. P. Gray, Hon. 
 H. T. Welles, Hon. E. T. Wilder, Gen. K J. T. Dany, 
 Rev. E. Welles, and C. W. WooUey, Esq, 
 
 Officers — Rt. Rev. li. B. Whipple, President ; Rev. J. 
 Lloyd Bveck, Secretary a?id Correspondent - Rev. S. W. 
 Manney, Treasurer. 
 
 DiviJfiTY Department. — Rt. Rev. H. B. Whipple, D. D., 
 Professor of Pastoral Theology and Pulpit Eloquence ; 
 Rev. S. W. Manney, A. M., Professor of Systematic Divin- 
 ity and Acting Professor of Ecclesiastical History ajid Ex- 
 egesis; Rev. J. Lloyd Breck, D. D., Professor of Biblical 
 Literature and the Book of Common Prayer. 
 
 Gra3[imar Scpiool. — Rev. J. Lloyd Breck, Rector ; Rev. Geo. 
 C. Tanner, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Lan- 
 guages ; Mr. Hubbell, Teacher. 
 
 Andrews' Hall. — Miss Susan Phelps, Matron ; Miss Annie 
 Bull, Assistant and Teacher. 
 
 St. Columba Mission. — (Chippewa)— Rev. E. Steels Peake 
 
15 
 
 in chai-ge ; Rev. J, Johnson Enmegahbowb, Deacon. 
 Dacotah Mission. — Rev. S. Dutton Hinman, Missionary; 
 Mrs. Hinman and Miss Emily J. West, Teachers. 
 
 KIXDS OP CLOTHING NEEDED FOR THE BISHOP SEABURY MISSION. 
 
 The clothing most needed by this Mission is for girls be- 
 t'R'-een tlie ages of fourteen and eighteen years, and for boys 
 between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one years. A small 
 portion for children a few years younger, of both sexes, could 
 be used profitably, and would be acceptable. Bedding 
 of all kinds, such as sheets, pillow-cases, blankets, quilts, 
 comfortables, also towels would be very acceptable, and are 
 much needed. Materials for clothing and bedding may also 
 be sent. 
 
 FORM OF A BEQUEST TO THE BISHOP SEABURY MISSION. 
 
 I give and bequeath to the "Bishop Seabuey Missio>r," an 
 In^itution incorporated under the laws of Minnesota, for 
 the spreading of the Gospel, the instruction of youth, and 
 the education of young men for the sacred Ministry, the sum 
 of , , to be applied to the general purposes 
 
 of said Mission, or to the endowment of a Professorship or 
 Scholarship in the Theological Department of the same. 
 
 "S. B. Mr. E. M. Duxoax, No. 762 Broadway, W". Y., will receive and 
 transmit moneys or material designed fo/ this Mission. Also, James M. 
 Aertsen, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa., J. K. Sass, Esq., Charleston, S. 0., and 
 Rev. J. A. Meruiok, Paris, Ky., kindly consent to act as agents. 
 
 Boxes and parcels designed for the Mission, slionld be addresed Rev. J. 
 Lloyd Breck, "Bisliop Seabury Mission — cai-e of ISTorth & Carll, Hastings, 
 Minnesota, and sent by Merchants' Dispatch or Freight Lines. To pack, 
 wlien practicable, in barrels, will save transportation expense. 
 
 Theological -works for the Divinity Department, as well as books in gen- 
 eral for the Library of the Mission, are highly acceptable. Remittance's of 
 of money by mail, should be m the form of a bank order on New York or 
 Philadelphia. A deposit with any bank in the country will readily obtain 
 a draft to order on these cities. 
 
PRAYER. 
 
 Grant, 0 Lord Jesus, I pray Thee, that the love of Thee 
 may make me ever ready and zealous to every good work, 
 that I be not slothful in my service. Make me to seek with 
 ardent desire, and to promote as far as possible the salvation 
 of all men ; and grant that I may be zealous for thine honor, 
 and be wholly spent in promoting Thy glory and the advance- 
 ment of Thy Kingdom, Armn.