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A MANUAL 
 
 OF THE 
 
 
 D PRISBITili CHiCl 
 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 1751-1887. 
 
 (SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED.] 
 
 BY 
 
 JAMES BROWN SCOULLER. 
 
 PITTSBxMyH.t" ;!. i'-^^' * 7 '"^ 
 
 UNITED PRESBYTERIAN BOARD "0"<?"PUSLTCATipN, 
 
 53 & 55 NiNlH STiE/Et.''. / ' : I ',' \ •' 
 1887. 
 

 ^7a^jj 
 
 ^KESS'oft . ; ' 
 INQUIRER 'printing COMPANY, 
 
 i,ANr.AS<raif, fk{ • • 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 (extract from the original preface.) 
 
 EVERY Christian should be in sympathy with his church, 
 and so imbued with its spirit that he can feel at home in 
 its work and its worship. Then, and only then, can he en- 
 joy that restful feeling which springs from confidence and 
 love. But to obtain this he must know its history and its 
 mission, its faith and its spirit, its work and its workers, and 
 become so identified with it in all its parts as to enjoy the 
 pleasures of its memories and of its hopes. 
 
 The United Presbyterian Church of North America did not 
 head at a single fountain. Several springs united their tiny 
 rills at different times to form its stream. It is the result of 
 several unions, and its antecedents are therefore more numer- 
 ous and fragmentary than that of most churches. This has 
 thrown a veil of obscurity over much of its past history, for 
 while one of its constituent parts was alien to the others, they 
 would take but little interest in each other's history and 
 ministry. The time as well as the occasion for such ignor- 
 ance is now happily past. Twenty-three years of peaceful 
 union and healthful growth has so unified and consolidated 
 the church that her sons and daughters should feel a kindly 
 family interest in all her ancestral branches. "Children's 
 children are the crown of old men; and the glory of children 
 are their fathers." 
 
 The following work is an attempt to gather up into a single 
 volume, of reasonable size and cost, various things which 
 should interest those who feel a kindly interest in the United 
 Presbyterian Church. It embraces a condensed history of all 
 the ecclesiastical bodies which have been included in her or- 
 
 (iii) 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 ganization; a brief biographical notice of every ordained 
 minister ever connected with her or any of these antecedent 
 churches; and a sketch of the beneficent agencies through 
 which she operates ; and of her colleges, theological seminaries 
 and periodicals. 
 
 Newville^ Pa. , July.^ 1881. 
 
 The work has been carefully revised throughout, and a 
 number of errors corrected and omissions supplied; an his- 
 torical register of all the congregations has also been added, 
 and the whole brought down to the present date. 
 
 Newville^ Pa. , Jiine^ 188 y. J. B, S. 
 
A BRIEF HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 United Presbyterian Church, 
 
 The Reformed Presbyterian Church. 
 
 THE United Presbyterian Church is the principal American 
 representative of the dissenting churches of Scotland. 
 The oldest of these was the Covenanting, or, as subsequently 
 styled by themselves, the Reformed Presbyterian. Its exist- 
 ence may be said to date from the Second Reformation in 
 Scotland, 1 638-1 646, because it has always adhered tena- 
 ciously to the attainments made in the National Church at 
 that time. But in its definite and more independent form it 
 may be regarded as a result of the badly-managed battle of 
 Bothwell Bridge, which took place on Sabbath, the 22d of 
 June, 1679. The remnant which escaped from that disgrace- 
 ful rout, and other sympathizers, banded themselves together, 
 under the guidance of Richard Cameron and Donald Cargill, 
 and utterly refused to have any religious communion with 
 any minister who had taken the "black indulgence." And, 
 being outlawed, they held secret meetings for counsel and for 
 worship, amidst the hills, and with arms in their hands, and 
 were popularly known as "Hill Men," and "Mountain 
 Men." On the 22d of June, 1680, the first anniversary of 
 the Bothwell Bridge disaster, they affixed a declaration to the 
 market cross of Sanquhar, in which they formally disowned 
 Charles Stuart as their lawful sovereign, for his perjury, his 
 
 (5) 
 
6 HISTORY OF 
 
 breach of the Covenant, and his tyranny; and also denied the 
 right of James, the Duke of York, to the succession. This was 
 burning the bridge behind them, and henceforth they neither 
 asked nor received quarters. A month after this Cameron 
 was surprised and slain at Airdsmoss, and Cargill was finally 
 hunted down and executed on the 27th of July, 1681. 
 
 This left the Covenanters without a minister, and they or- 
 ganized a system of societies. Those in the same neighbor- 
 hood met as best they could, and as often as they could, for 
 prayer and mutual edification. A plan of correspondence was 
 established, according to which commissioners from all these 
 societies met secretly about every three months, in a general 
 meeting, which determined the policy and action of the 
 whole body, and solved questions of conscience, but never 
 undertook the administration of discipline or any official work. 
 The first of these general meetings* convened at Logan 
 House, in the Shire of Clydesdale, on the 15th of Dec. , 1681. 
 This method of unity or system of government was kept up 
 until a Presbytery was organized. It was also adopted in 
 Ireland, and practiced in America up till 1774. 
 
 The Covenanters would hear no minister preach, nor re- 
 ceive ordination from any one who had taken the "indul- 
 gence." This compelled them to do without the sealing 
 ordinances, or procure a minister from abroad. Mr. James 
 Renwick, a young man of good education, and one of their 
 number, was sent, in the autumn of 1682, to the Netherlands, 
 where Mr. Cameron had received his ordination. After 
 spending the winter in the University of Groningen, he was 
 ordained to the gospel ministry on the loth of May, 1683, by 
 the Presbytery or Classis of Groningen. While he was pur- 
 suing his studies abroad the General Meeting gave a regular 
 call to Alexander Peden, Michael Bruce and Samuel Arnot, 
 Scotch ministers, now refugees in Ireland, to come and min- 
 ister to them. But the persecution of this ' ' contending and 
 suffering remnant" was growing hotter and hotter, and these 
 ministers declined. Mr. Renwick returned in Sept., 1683, 
 
 * The minutes of these meetings were kept by Michael Shields, brother 
 of the author of the ^" Hind let Loose,'''' and may be found in Faithful Con- 
 tendings Displayed, published by John Howie, in 1780, in Glasgow. 
 
REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 7 
 
 and ministered most faithfully amidst very many dangers and 
 difficulties. So hostile was the government, and so numer- 
 ous and vigilant were its spies, that his first sermon in the 
 fields was on the 23d of Nov., at Darmede. He was re- 
 peatedly outlawed by proclamation, and every subject was 
 forbidden "to harbor him and his followers, or supply them 
 with meat and drink, but to hunt and pursue them out of all 
 their dens, caves and most retired deserts, and to raise the hue 
 and ^rj/ after them." And such proclamations were always 
 vigorously and inhumanly executed, although they kept the 
 4tli of March, 1685, as "a day of thanksgiving unto the Lord 
 for the wonderful proofs of His love and good will, manifested 
 to a scattered and distressed remnant in this land, by His de- 
 livering of them in several places from the power and rage of 
 enemies, when they were ready to swallow them up." 
 
 The death of Charles H. gave them a short breathing spell, 
 which they improved by holding a meeting on the 28th of 
 May, 1685, at Blackgannock, when they drafted a protesta- 
 tion against proclaiming James, Duke of York, as king of 
 Scotland. As soon as this meeting had adjourned, two hun- 
 dred and twenty men drew up in arms, and went to Sanquhar, 
 and after singing a Psalm Mr. Renwick made a pra}'er, and 
 they published this protestation and nailed a copy to the 
 market cross. 
 
 Mr. Renwick was taken and executed on the nth of Feb., 
 1688, and this was the last life sacrificed to the cause of re- 
 ligious freedom in Scotland. Alexander Shields, who had 
 been licensed by some Scottish ministers in London, joined 
 the Covenanters in Dec, 1686. William Boyd, educated at 
 their expense in the Netherlands, was licensed in Sept., 1687, 
 by the Classis of Groningen. Thomas Lining was also sus- 
 tained by them for four years at universities in Holland, and 
 was ordained in Aug., 1688, by the Classis of Embden, after 
 an examination of twenty-one days. Providence now brought 
 them relief by changing their circumstances and surround- 
 ings. James was banished and William of Orange was 
 brought to the throne. Persecution ceased, and the Mountain 
 Men were permitted to worship God publicly, according to 
 the teachinc^s of their own conscience. 
 
8 HISTORY OF 
 
 The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland met 
 again after many years of intermission in 1690, and re-estab- 
 lished Presbyterianism, Messrs. Lining, Shields and Boyd, 
 with a majority of their followers, united with the Kirk, but 
 there was a minorit}- which refused to do so because of Wil- 
 liam's assiimption of royal supremacy over the church. 
 These "Old Dissenters" were again without a minister, and 
 so remained for sixteen years, but free from persecutions of 
 any kind. In 1706 the Rev. John McMillan, of the Estab- 
 lished Church, joined them and became their minister. In 
 1743 he was joined by the Rev. Thomas Nairne, from the Se- 
 cession Church, and they, in connection with some ruling 
 elders, constituted themselves, on the ist of Aug., 1743, into 
 a presbytery, which they styled the "Reformed Presbytery." 
 One of their first acts was to license Alexander Marshall, a 
 student of theology under Mr. McMillan, and he was soon 
 afterward ordained to the ministry, "having received a call 
 from the United Societies." May 16, 1744, they licensed, 
 and Oct. 6 following ordained John Cuthbertson, another of 
 Mr. McMillan's students. 
 
 During the twenty-seven years of persecution in Scotland 
 a good many families of Covenanter sympathies fled for peace 
 and safety to the north of Ireland, where they settled in little 
 clusters, and were served occasionally by refugee ministers. 
 Previous to this, about 1662, David Houstoun made his home 
 in Ireland, and welcomed and ministered to these also until 
 his death, which occurred in 1696. As early as 1720, and 
 possibly earlier, some of these families left Ireland and made 
 their homes in America; and from time to time others fol- 
 lowed, and in this way the Convenanting Church was planted 
 in this country. A few mingled with this migration who 
 came directly from the west of Scotland, but generally they 
 were from Ireland, although of Scottish parentage. 
 
 These immigrants located principally on the Walkill, in 
 Orange Co., N. Y., and in the present counties of Lancaster, 
 Dauphin, York, Adams, Cumberland, Franklin and Fulton, 
 in Pennsylvania, with scattering families elsewhere, and 
 especially in the interior of South Carolina. They brought 
 with them their system of praying societies and a general 
 
REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 9 
 
 correspondence, and soon confederated and kept themselves 
 distinct from the Presbyterian churches in their neighbor- 
 hoods. As many as could met together in 1743, on the 
 Middle Octoraro, in Lancaster Co., Pa., and renewed their 
 covenant obligations. In this they were assisted by the Rev. 
 Alexander Craighead, who, although connected with the 
 Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, sympathized with the 
 Covenanters in their peculiar views and took great interest in 
 their welfare, and for years preached considerably for them 
 and for a time actually joined them. He wrote on their 
 behalf to the Reformed Presbytery in Scotland, and was 
 instrumental in procuring them a minister. 
 
 In 1750 the Presbytery in Scotland sent the Rev. John 
 Cuthbertson to visit the societies in Ireland, which had been 
 without a minister for half a century — ever since the death 
 of David Houstoun. Here he remained for a year, and then 
 came, in obedience to his Presbytery, to America. He landed 
 on the 5th of Aug., 1751, at New Castle, Delaware, and im- 
 mediately commenced an exploration of his missionary field. 
 He preached almost every day for a time, at Octoraro, Pequea, 
 Paxtang, and across the Susquehanna at Walter Buchanan's, 
 Big Spring, Rocky Spring, near Chambersburg; at Joseph 
 Cochran's, in the cove near McConnellsburg, returning, by 
 way of Gettysburg and York county, to his headquarters on 
 the Octoraro. This circuit he made more or less frequently 
 for twenty years. He also made two or three visits into the 
 State of New York, and as far as Rhode Island, and westward 
 as far as Washington Co., Pa. At his preaching stations 
 there were no meeting houses for years. When the weather 
 permitted they met in their "tents," and when it was not 
 propitious they did the best they could in their cabins. This 
 '''' tenV was pitched in a shady grove, and consisted simply 
 of an elevated platform for the minister, where he could be 
 seen and heard by all; a board nailed against a tree to sup- 
 port the Bible; a few rude benches for seats; and some boards 
 overhead to protect the minister from sun and rain. Thus 
 accommodated, they worshiped a good part of the day. 
 
 On the 23d of Aug., 1752, Mr. Cuthbertson held his first 
 communion in America. It was at Stony Ridge, the Walter 
 
lO HISTORY OF 
 
 Buchanan or Junkin "tent," now New Kingston, Cumber- 
 land Co. , Pa. A preparatory fast day was observed, tokens 
 of admission were dispensed,* and the services on the Sab- 
 bath commenced early and lasted for nine hours. He para- 
 phrased the 15th Psalm, and preached from John iii. 35, 
 "The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into 
 Plis hands." After the sermon he prayed and they sang; he 
 then expounded the ordinance, debarred from and invited to 
 the tables. The communicants came to the tables singing 
 the 24th Psalm. After four table services were concluded he 
 gave a parting exhortation to the communicants and prayed. 
 After an interval of half an hour he preached again from 
 John xvi. 31, "Jesus answered them, Do ye now believe?" 
 On ]\Ionday he preached from Eph. v. 15, "See that ye walk 
 circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise." About two hun- 
 dred and fifty persons communed, and this must have com- 
 prised very nearly the entire number of adult Covenanters in 
 the countr}', for the place was central, the season was pleas- 
 ant, and they gathered in from their different settlements in 
 what is now the counties of Lancaster, York, Dauphin, 
 Cumberland, Adams, Franklin and Fulton, and nearly every 
 adiilt was a communicant. 
 
 This was the first time that the followers of Cameron, Car- 
 gill and Renwick had ever outside the British Isles gathered 
 together around the communion table of the Lord, to eat 
 bread and to drink wine in commemoration of a Saviour's 
 love and atoning death. To them it must have been a higfh 
 day. It brought them to a mount of ordinances, and spread 
 for them a table in the wilderness, giving them thus a tangi- 
 ble evidence of the thoughtfulness and tender care of the 
 Great Shepherd. It also waked the memory of other days 
 and of other scenes, and called up the forms and caresses of 
 loved ones parted with beyond the sea. Their tears were 
 doubtless mingled ones of gladness and of sorrow, half of 
 earth and half of heaven. Such a scene of gratitude and of 
 praise, of memory and of tears, must have strengthened 
 every heart and quickened every grace, and made them to 
 sing, as they never sang before, that triumphant song which 
 
 * One of which the writer possesses. 
 
REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. II 
 
 had so often sustained and cheered their persecuted ancestors 
 when "Mountain Men" in Scotland: — 
 
 " God is our refuge and our strength, 
 In straits a present aid ; 
 Therefore, although the earth remove, 
 We will not be afraid." 
 
 Mr. Cuthbertson had now finished the first year of his mis- 
 sionary labors, during which he preached on a hundred and 
 twenty days, baptized a hundred and ten children, married 
 ten couples, and rode on horseback twenty-five hundred miles. 
 The toil and labor, the difficulties and dangers of such a 
 year's work cannot now be estimated or appreciated. He 
 was more than one hundred days in the saddle; he had to 
 cross, without the aid of bridge or boat, streams of consider- 
 able volume, and often when greatly swollen ; he had to pass 
 from one settlement to another through miles of heavy un- 
 broken forests, where were the lair of the wild beast and the 
 wigwam of the wilder red man, without the advantage of 
 roads, and guided often by the blazed trees which marked a 
 trail. The summer's sun and the winter's frost, the drench- 
 ing rain and the drifting snow, had to be boldly met and pa- 
 tiently endured. His studying had to be largely done on 
 horseback, without the aid of helps, during the tedious 
 hours of his lonely rides. His food by day and lodgings at 
 night were guiltless of any special comforts, and barely met 
 the demands of necessity. And yet this apostolic man toiled 
 on for thirty-nine years, during which time he preached on 
 twenty-four hundred and fifty-two days, baptized eighteen 
 hundred and six children, married two hundred and forty 
 couples, and rode on horseback about seventy thousand miles, 
 or nearly equal to three times around the world. His dust 
 now sleeps on the Octoraro's bank, awaiting the resurrection 
 of the just, and we would gladly bring a flower and lay it 
 upon his grave in honor of his life, and in token of gratitude 
 for the privileges which we now enjoy, partly through his 
 labors and sacrifices. * 
 
 * Mr. Cuthbertson kept a diary in which he carefulh^ recorded every act 
 or incident. This diary is now in the possession of the Rev. Joseph Buch- 
 anan, of Steubenville, Ohio. 
 
I a HISTORY OF 
 
 Mr. Cuthbertson ordained his first bench of ruling elders 
 on the 8th of Apr., 1752, at Rocky Spring, near Chambers- 
 burg. These were James and George Wilson, of Fulton Co. , 
 George Mitchell, of Rocky Spring, David Dunwoodie, grand- 
 father of the late James L. Dinwiddle, and Jeremiah Morrow, 
 father of the late Governor Morrow of Ohio, both of Rock 
 Creek, in Adams Co. In Dec. of the same year, he ordained 
 several more at Octoraro, who belonged to the stations east of 
 the river. These had not only a local jurisdiction, but also a 
 general supervision over all the associated societies. For sev- 
 eral years only one communion was held each year, but this 
 was for the benefit of the whole. A central location was se- 
 lected during the pleasant weather of late summer or early 
 autumn, and the members from all the stations were expected 
 to be present and participate, and they were always received 
 with a large and hearty hospitality by the resident families. 
 The second communion was on the 14th of Oct., 1753, at 
 Paxtang, Dauphin Co. , when about two hundred communed. 
 The third was at the same place, on the 25th of August, 1754, 
 when about two hundred and fifty participated. Mr. Cuth- 
 bertson mentions in his diary that upon this occasion, while 
 engaged in prayer, asking a blessing upon the use of the 
 bread and wine, a fearful thunderstorm broke upon them, 
 killing four horses and a dog some forty yards from the 
 "tent." 
 
 In the spring of 1773, Mr. William Brown, of Paxtang, 
 went as commissioner to Ireland to procure two additional 
 ministers, and was especially instructed to get, if possible, the 
 Rev. Matthew Lind, pastor at Aghadowey, in Londonderry 
 Co., as one of these. He was successful. Mr. lyind and 
 Alexander Dobbin, specially licensed and ordained for this 
 purpose, returned with him. They landed at New Castle, 
 Delaware, about the middle of Dec, 1773, and on the loth of 
 March, 1774, Messrs. Cuthbertson, Lind and Dobbin, with 
 several ruling elders, met at Paxtang, six miles east of Har- 
 risburg. Pa., and constituted themselves as the Refor7ncd 
 Presbyterian Presbytery of America. They agreed to distrib- 
 ute their labors thus: Mr. Cuthbertson to reside on the Mid- 
 dle Octoraro, and take charge of that church and also Muddy 
 
REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 1 3 
 
 Creek, in Lancaster, and Lower Chanceford, in York Co. ; 
 Mr. Lind to locate at Paxtang, and have the pastoral care of 
 that congregation and of that at Stony Ridge, in Cumberland 
 Co. ; and Mr. Dobbin to reside at Rock Creek, now Gettys- 
 burg, and serve that church and the one on the East Coneco- 
 cheague, now Greencastle, in Franklin Co. David Telfair, 
 of the Burgher Synod of Scotland, who had supplied the Bur- 
 gher congregation in Shippen street for ten or twelve years, 
 joined the Presbytery on the 12th of Aug., 1780. About the 
 ist of Dec, 1781, this Presbytery unanimously adopted the 
 terms of union, as adopted and offered by the Associate Pres- 
 bytery of New York, and all its ministers and fully organized 
 congregations went into the union consummated on the ist 
 of Nov., 1782, which originated the Associate Reformed 
 Church. Most of the isolated societies which were not under 
 direct pastoral influence took no part in this union, but went 
 on as before and wrote to the fatherland for a supply of min- 
 isters. In 1789 the Rev. James Reid, of Scotland, visited this 
 country and surveyed the whole field from New York to 
 South Carolina, and returned home in 1790. The Rev. Mr. 
 McGarragh was sent out from Ireland in 1791, and William 
 King in 1792 from Scotland. They were authorized to man- 
 age the affairs of the Covenanting Church, as a Committee of 
 the Presbytery in Scotland. They were soon joined by 
 others, and a new Presbytery was organized in 1798. 
 
14 HISTORY OF 
 
 The Associate Presbyterian Church. 
 
 IN 1690, after the long and sore persecution under Charles 
 II, and James II. was terminated by the accession of 
 William and Mary to the throne, Presbyterianism was re- 
 established in Scotland. So great was the desire of the 
 pfovernment to avoid as much ecclesiastical excitement as 
 possible, that the General Assembly allowed several hundred 
 of the Episcopal incumbents to retain their charges, upon the 
 single condition that they would submit to that very Presby- 
 terian system which they had helped the persecutors to over- 
 throw. Of these men Bishop Burnet says : ' ' They were the 
 worst preachers I ever heard; they were ignorant to a re- 
 proach, and many of them were clearly vicious. They were 
 a disgrace to their orders, and were indeed the dregs and the 
 refuse of the northern parts. Those of them that rose above 
 contempt and scandal were men of such violent tempers that 
 they were as much hated as the others were despised." The 
 result was a rapid growth of error and corruption in the 
 church, so that within thirty years Professor Simson, in the 
 Divinity Chair of Glasgow, was permitted to teach some of 
 the worst errors of heathenism, and yet allowed to retain the 
 emoluments of his office and the communion of the church 
 till his death. 
 
 The church being established by law, the settlement of its 
 ministers was not by election of the people, but by the pre- 
 sentation of a patron. As the corrupt party increased in 
 number and in power, they made the system of patronage 
 more and more oppressive, until the people ceased to have 
 either power or privilege, and even the poor boon of remon- 
 strance was withdrawn. 
 
 At this stage of affairs some of the evangelical ministers re- 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 15 
 
 published "The Marrow of Modem Divinity," by Edward 
 Fisher, of England, believing that its circulation would help 
 the cause of truth. This aroused the indignation of the Mod- 
 erates, and in the Assembly of 1720 they condemned a num- 
 ber of propositions which they claimed to have gathered from 
 that book. Against this act twelve of the most eminent 
 ministers of the church prepared a representation or explana- 
 tory protest. These men were James Hog, Thomas Boston, 
 John Bonar, John Williamson, James Kid, Gabriel Wilson, 
 Ebenezer Erskine, Ralph Erskine, James Wardlaw, Henry 
 Davidson, John Bathgate and William Hunter. Their paper 
 was considered in 1722, and the result was a condemnation 
 of the alleged doctrines of the "Marrow," and following the 
 example of Rome in its Index Expurgatorius, they ' ' strictly 
 prohibited and discharged all the ministers of the church to 
 use by writing, preaching, catechising or otherwise teaching, 
 either publicly or privately, the positions condemned, or what 
 may be equivalent to them or of like tendency, under pain 
 of the censures of the church conformed to the merit of their 
 offence." The representers were also rebuked and admon- 
 ished by the moderator. That the Moderates might have a 
 free and unrestrained course, the Barrier Act, or law of over- 
 tures, was suspended or disregarded, and protests and dissents 
 were no longer recorded. 
 
 The evangelical party, being thus shut out from the judi- 
 catories of the church, concluded to carry the cause into the 
 pulpit. The Rev. Ebenezer Erskine, as moderator, opened 
 the meeting of the Synod of Perth and Sterling on the i8th 
 of Oct., 1732, with a sermon from the text: "The stone 
 which the builders refuse is become the head-stone of the 
 corner;" Psalm cxviii. 22. He treated of the church as a 
 building, of Christ as the foundation of the building, of the 
 builders, of their error in refusing Christ, and of the glory to 
 which Christ will be exalted as the head-stone in spite of all 
 the attempts of these builders to thrust Him out of His place. 
 In the course of his remarks he took some notice of the Jew- 
 ish builders, which appeared not very complimentary to some 
 of the builders before him, and which caused not a little hard 
 feeling towards the preacher. He was called to an account 
 
l6 HISTORY OF 
 
 for what were regarded as the injurious reflections contained 
 in his sermon, and after a warm discussion of three days' 
 continuance, he was adjudged by a majority of six to be re- 
 buked. From this sentence Mr. Erskine appealed to the 
 General Assembly. His son-in-law, the Rev. James Fisher, 
 joined him in this appeal. Fourteen others dissented and 
 protested, amongst whom were the Rev. Alexander Moncrieff 
 and the Rev. William Wilson. When the case came up in 
 the Assembly, in May, 1733, Messrs. Moncrieff and Wilson 
 were denied a hearing in behalf of their dissent, and Mr. 
 Fisher in behalf of his protest. Mr. Erskine alone was heard, 
 but the Assembly sustained the decision of the Synod, and 
 ordered him to be rebuked at their own bar in order to termi- 
 nate the process. He submitted to the rebuke, and then im- 
 mediately produced a paper in which he protested against the 
 censure which had been inflicted, as importing that he had in 
 his sermon departed from the Word of God and the standards 
 of the church. He also claimed that he should " be at liberty 
 to preach the same truths of God, and to testify against the 
 same or like defections of this church upon all proper occa- 
 sions." In this protest he was joined by Messrs. Moncrieff, 
 Wilson and Fisher. 
 
 The protest was refused a hearing, as was the custom of 
 that day, and laid upon the table unread. It accidentally fell 
 to the floor, and a member near by picked it up and read it, 
 and then called upon the Assembly to stop their proceedings 
 and take notice of the insufferable insult offered by the pre- 
 sentation of such a paper. The protest was then publicly 
 read, and McKerrow says: "The whole Assembly was in an 
 uproar. A paper containing high treason against the Sove- 
 reign, or blasphemy against the majesty of Heaven, could not 
 have called forth a greater burst of indignation." The four 
 brethren were ordered to appear before the Assembly next 
 morning, which they did, and, refusing to withdraw their 
 paper, were directed to appear before the Commission in 
 August next, "and then show their sorrow for their conduct 
 and misbehavior in offering to protest, and in giving in to the 
 Assembly the paper by them subscribed, and that they then 
 retract the same. ' ' If they refused to do so, the Commission 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 1 7 
 
 was directed to suspend them from the ministry, and if still 
 refractory, to proceed to a higher censure. When the Com- 
 mission met in August they refused to retract their protest, 
 and were suspended "from the exercise of the ministerial 
 functions and all the parts thereof." The brethren continued 
 the exercise of their ministry without any regard to the act 
 of suspension, and received considerable encouragement in so 
 doing. At the meeting of the Commission in November peti- 
 tions were sent in from seven Synods and a number of Presby- 
 teries in their behalf, and a large portion of the members of 
 the Commission were in favor of delay, A motion to post- 
 pone was lost by the casting vote of the moderator. It was 
 finally carried to ' ' loose the relation of the said four ministers 
 to their charges, and declared them no longer ministers of this 
 church, and to prohibit all ministers of this church to employ 
 them in any ministerial function." Seven of the ministers 
 of the Commission protested against this act, and avowed 
 their willingness to hold ministerial communion with them. 
 The four brethren handed in a paper, declaring themselves 
 under the necessity of SECEDING from the church, and soon 
 afterward met as a Presbytery, which they styled Associate^ 
 without the presence of any ruling elders, and published what 
 was known as the "Extra-Judicial Testimony." In this they 
 defended their action on the ground of the evils in the church, 
 and the fact that they were thrust out because of their testify- 
 ing against these evils. They performed no judicial act for 
 three years, hoping that something would be done by which 
 they could consistently return to the church. There was a 
 strong evangelical party in the church which sympathized 
 with them and gave very free expression to their sympathy. 
 The Assembly of 1734 was somewhat alarmed and anxious as 
 to the consequences, and tried to conciliate. The barrier acts 
 were restored; the act prohibiting the recording of reasons of 
 dissent and that anent the planting of churches, were declared 
 to be "no longer binding rules of this church," and the 
 Synod of Perth and Sterling was empowered to remove the 
 censures from the four brethren and to restore them to their 
 charges. And the Synod did so on the 2d of July, "with one 
 voice and consent," and then elected Mr. Erskine to the mod- 
 
l8 HISTORY OF 
 
 erator's chair in his absence. The brethren considered these 
 overtures of conciliation long and earnestly, and finally con- 
 cluded to decline them, upon the simple ground that some 
 errors only were corrected, while the principle which pro- 
 duced these errors remained unchanged, and consequently 
 promised only a temporary peace. The succeeding Assem- 
 blies fully vindicated the seceders in their course. 
 
 In the summer of 1736 the four brethren began to act judi- 
 cially as a Presbytery, and on the 3d of Dec. emitted an elab- 
 orate judicial testimony. Little societies sprang up in many 
 places, which applied to them for ordinances; and as there 
 were young men in the universities who sympathized with 
 them, Mr. Wilson was appointed their Professor of Divinity. 
 In 1737 Thomas Mair, of Orwell, and Ralph Erskine, of Dun- 
 fermline, joined the Presbytery, and in 1738 Thomas Nairne, 
 of Abbotshall, and James Thompson, of Burntisland, making 
 eight in all. The Assembly of 1739 cited them to appear and 
 answer for schism, and the eight brethren presented them- 
 selves before the bar of the Assembly as a constituted Presby- 
 tery, and formally declined the authority of the judicatories 
 of the church. The Assembly of 1740 proceeded to depose 
 them from the ministry, and expel them forcibly from their 
 churches and manses. This terminated all connection with 
 the Kirk. 
 
 The increase of ministers and congregations was such that 
 in 1744 there were twenty-six settled charges. These were 
 so scattered that in that year the body was divided into three 
 Presbyteries subordinate to a Synod. During the next year 
 the question was started as to the lawfulness of taking certain 
 burgess oaths, which contained this clause: "Here I protest, 
 before God and your lordships, that I profess and allow with 
 my heart the true religion presently professed within this 
 realm, and authorized by the laws thereof; I shall abide 
 thereat, and defend the same to my life's end, renouncing the 
 Roman religion called papistry." The Synod was nearly 
 equally divided as to the lawfulness of their members swearing 
 this oath. The controversy waxed so hot that in 1747 the 
 Synod divided, and the secession was continued in two 
 branches, the Burgher and the Anti-Burgher, until Sept. 8, 
 
ASvSOICATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. I9 
 
 1820, when they were re-united as the United Secession 
 Church. 
 
 As early as 1742, a petition was received from Londonderry, 
 Chester Co., Pa., asking that an ordained minister or a pro- 
 bationer might be sent to labor in that district. But the few 
 brethren had none to send. In 1750 and '51 petitions were 
 sent to the Anti-Burgher Synod, asking for a supply for the 
 eastern counties of Pennsylvania. After some failures to ac- 
 cept appointments, Mr. Alexander Gellatly accepted the ap- 
 pointment given him, and was specially licensed and ordained 
 as the first Associate Missionary to America. The Rev. An- 
 drew Arnot, pastor at Midholm, agreed to go with him, with 
 the liberty of returning at the end of the year, if he so desired. 
 They sailed in the summer of 1753, and found a wide and 
 promising field in the valley of the Susquehanna in Pennsyl- 
 vania. On the 2d of Nov., 1753, they organized themselves, 
 as they had been directed to do, into a presbytery, which they 
 styled the "Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania," subordi- 
 nate to the Associate Anti-Burgher Synod of Scotland. They 
 were at once invited by the Presbytery of New Castle of the 
 New Light Presbyterian Synod of New York to cast in their 
 lot with them. This was of course declined, and that Presby- 
 tery forthwith issued a warning to their congregations against 
 these men as schismatics and separatists, and as being heret- 
 ical on the gospel offer, the nature of faith, and sundry other 
 things. Mr. Gellatly answered this warning in a publication 
 of 240 pages. Messrs. Finley and Smith of the New Castle 
 Presbytery replied, and Mr. Gellatly followed with a second 
 answer of 203 pages. 
 
 In Sept., 1754, the Rev. James Proudfoot (now Proudfit) 
 arrived from Scotland and joined the Presbyter}^, and Mr. 
 Arnot having finished his year returned to his pastoral charge 
 in Scotland. The mission of these three men cost the Synod 
 about five hundred dollars, and considering the fewness and 
 the feebleness of its congregations, it was a very generous con- 
 tribution to the cause of Missions. Mr. Gellatly was settled 
 over the congregation of Octoraro, in Lancaster Co., and also 
 over Oxford, in Chester Co., until relieved of the latter by 
 Mr. Henderson. Mr. Proudfit traveled amonof the churches 
 
20 HISTORY OF 
 
 for three or four years, and then settled in Pequea, in Lan- 
 caster Co. In 1758 Matthew Henderson arrived as a mission- 
 nary from Scotland, and settled over Oxford, Pa., and one- 
 third time over Pencader, in the edge of the State of Delaware, 
 near the present town of Newark. On the 12th of March, 
 1 761, Mr. Gellatly died, and during the same year John Ma- 
 son, minister, and Robert Annan and John Smart, licentiates, 
 arrived. Mr. Mason was immediately settled in New York 
 city, over a congregation which had sent for him; Mr. Annan 
 was ordained and installed on the 8tli of June, 1763, at 
 Marsh Creek, in Adams Co. , Pa. , and Mr. Smart after a year 
 or so returned to Scotland. In the autumn of 1763 William 
 Marshall arrived, and on the 30th of Aug., 1765, was or- 
 dained and installed at Deep Run, Bucks Co., Pa. 
 
 Thus far all the Associate ministers were from the Anti- 
 Burgher Synod of Scotland; but in 1764 the Rev. Thomas 
 Clarke, M. D. , and over two hundred of his congregation in 
 Ballybay, Ireland, arrived and finally located in Salem, N. 
 Y. Dr. Clarke was from the Burgher Presbytery in Ireland, 
 which was subordinate to the Burgher Synod of Scotland, 
 but he did not wish to continue a division in the Secession, 
 which could have no possible grounds or significancy in this 
 country where there were no burgess oaths, so he applied at 
 once to the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania for admis- 
 sion. After some delay and considerable negotiations as to 
 terms, he was admitted on the 2d of Sept., 1765, upon the 
 following conditions, viz. : 
 
 1. That Mr. Clarke shall not, either publicly or privately, justify the Bur- 
 gess oath, or any writing published in defence of it, nor give countenance to 
 any in taking such a step, and the Presb)'tery agree to drop the whole con- 
 troversy concerning it. 
 
 2. That Mr. Clarke concur with this Presbytery in adhering to the Na- 
 tional Covenant and the Solemn League, with the bond for renewing the 
 same, together with the Act, Declaration and Testimony, as they were owned 
 and professed before the unhappy division, and that he endeavors to prose- 
 cute the ends of them in his place and station. 
 
 3. That Mr. Clarke shall not endeavor to obtain a Presbj-tery in America 
 constituted in opposition to this Presbytery, nor countenance any attempt 
 toward erecting such a Presbytery. 
 
 4. That Mr. Clarke shall not preach upon an invitation from people who 
 are in full communion with, or have made application to, this Presbytery for 
 sermon without their allowance, nor countenance any brother in taking such 
 a step. 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 21 
 
 5. That Mr. Clarke shall acknowledge that this Presbytery and Synod in 
 Scotland, to which it is subordinate, are lawful courts of Jesus Christ, and 
 the Presbytery likewise acknowledge that the other Synod is a lawful court 
 of Christ; nor do the Presbytery desire that he renounce his subjection to 
 that Synod according to these terms. 
 
 6. That the members of this Presbytery shall not, either publicly or pri- 
 vately, justify the act condemning the Burgess oath, or the censures passed 
 against some of Mr. Clarke's brethren by their Sj-nod, or justify any writing 
 in defence of said censures, or countenance any step tending thereto. 
 
 7. That the Presbj'tery and Mr. Clarke shall endeavor to strengthen one 
 another in pursuance of these terms, and to bring about a general healing 
 of the unhappy division in a Scriptural way. 
 
 8. That our secession, we must acknowledge, is such as is declared to be in 
 the grounds of secession, contained in the first testimony, which is approved 
 of and made judicial in the judicial testimony, and is substantially declared 
 in our declaration, and so we look upon ourselves as standing upon the same 
 footing as before the rupture. 
 
 9. That upon subscribing to these terms the Presbytery and Mr. Clarke 
 shall, in the meantime and henceforward, maintain a brotherly communica- 
 tion with each other. 
 
 In witness whereof both parties have set their hands to this. Subscribed 
 by appointment. 
 
 ROBERT ANNAN, 3Iod., 
 
 THOMAS CIvARKE. 
 
 McKerrow in his history of the Secession Church states 
 that "in the month of Sept., 1765, an application was re- 
 ceived from some of the inhabitants of New Cambridge, in 
 the county of Albany, and province of New York, represent- 
 ing in strong terms their destitute condition with regard to 
 the gospel, and craving that the Synod (Burgher) would send 
 them without delay a minister to break among them the 
 bread of life, at the same time promising to give the person 
 who should be sent a suitable maintenance. 
 
 ' ' The Synod having taken this position into consideration, 
 as well as the application formerly made from Philadelphia, 
 resolved both to send an ordained minister and a preacher, 
 but delayed making the appointment until the month of No- 
 vember, when they were again to meet for the dispatch of 
 business. 
 
 "On the i2th of Nov. the Synod appointed Mr. Telfair to 
 go on a mission to America early in the spring, and agreed 
 to send with him Mr. Samuel Kinloch, probationer. They 
 were to remain in America till Apr., 1767, unless the Synod 
 should see fit to recall or extend their appointments. They 
 
22 HISTORY OF 
 
 were to preach not only at Philadelphia and New Cambridge, 
 but in any other places where they might find an opening. 
 
 "In May, 1767, the Synod received letters from the con- 
 gregations in Philadelphia and New Cambridge, expressing 
 their warmest thanks for the benefits they had received from 
 the ministrations of Messrs. Telfair and Kinloch, and be- 
 seeching that the Synod would either permit these brethren 
 to continue among them, or, should they be removed, that 
 others might be speedily sent to supply their place. ' ' 
 
 In the spring of 1766 Messrs. Telfair and Kinloch arrived, 
 and the former took charge of the Burgher congregation in 
 Shippen street, Philadelphia, while the latter made his head- 
 quarters in New Cambridge, now Cambridge, Washington 
 Co., New York. When their appointed year had expired 
 they concluded to remain permanently in this country, and 
 made application to the Associate Presbytery of Pennsyl- 
 vania for admission to its membership. A meeting of Pres- 
 bytery was called to meet on the 9th of June, 1767, at Pequea, 
 Pa., "that steps might be taken for making the coalescence 
 between this Presbytery and Mr. Telfair and Mr. Kinloch 
 complete." The minute of that meeting runs Thus: 
 
 "They proceeded to consider the terms of agreement be- 
 tween them and the Rev. Thomas Clarke, of Stillwater, in 
 the county of Albany, to which, with some small variation, 
 the Rev. Mr. Telfair, minister of the gospel in Monteith, in 
 Scotland, with Mr. S. Kinloch, probationer, did agree." 
 
 They then added the following endorsement to the origi- 
 nal Clarke covenant: 
 
 "That the Rev. David Telfair, with Mr. Samuel Kinloch, 
 having considered the above terms, approve of them, in testi- 
 mony whereof be considered these presents. 
 
 " DAVID TELFAIR, 
 "SAMUEL KINLOCH. 
 
 '''•June 9, 1767." 
 
 This action was not satisfactory to the Anti-Burgher Synod 
 in Scotland, where the necessities of the case could not be 
 properly appreciated, so at its meeting in 1770 this coales- 
 cence was pointedly condemned, and three ministers were 
 appointed as new missionaries to America. They were in- 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 23 
 
 structed to require the Presbytery "to annul" its union with 
 the Burghers, and to "obliterate their minute" respecting it. 
 And if the Presbytery should refuse to do this, then they and 
 any of the brethren that chose to join with them should 
 constitute themselves into a new Presbytery and hold no 
 fellowship with the backsliders. John Proudfit, James Ram- 
 sey and John Rodgers were appointed to this mission. 
 Proudfit and Ramsey declined, and John Smith of Sterling 
 volunteered to go with Mr, Rodgers. They sailed in the late 
 autumn, and on the 4th of June, 1771, laid their instructions 
 before the Presbytery at its meeting in Pequea, Pa. The 
 Presbytery was considerably embarrassed to know what to 
 do, and was by no means definite in what it did do. The 
 congregations in Salem, Cambridge and Shippen street, 
 Philadelphia, were Burgher, but had put themselves under 
 the care of the Presbytery. All the other congregations had 
 been organized under Anti-Burgher auspices, and yet they 
 all contained more or less Burghers in their membership. To 
 introduce the Old Country controversy into the Presbytery 
 would be sure to stir up strife and division everywhere. 
 Hence, in the first term of union with the three Burgher 
 ministers it is expressly stipulated that this controversy shall 
 be buried; and in the third term, that no antagonistic 
 Burgher Presbytery should ever be organized. The question 
 now was to reconcile obedience to the Synod in Scotland, 
 which, without understanding the exigencies of the case, had 
 issued a peremptory order, and to preserve peace in their 
 midst and prosper their work. The Presbyterial record reads 
 thus: "The Presbytery met at Mr. Proudfoot's house in the 
 evening of the 5th of June, and constituted with prayer, ut 
 supra sederunt excepting the elder. They entered upon the 
 consideration of the instructions given by the Synod to 
 Messrs, Rodgers and Smith, and after long reasoning on that 
 head, and application by a brother to the throne of grace for 
 direction, they find that in making the coalescence with the 
 Burgher brethren they have taken some steps inconsistent 
 with their subordination to the Synod to which they have 
 been and are subordinate, and they are determined that for 
 the future they shall have no ministerial communion with 
 
24 HISTORY OF 
 
 them until they lay the case before the Synod and receive in- 
 structions from them. But they do not judge it for edifica- 
 tion, in their present peculiar circumstances, explicitly to 
 comply with the Synod's demand, which motion was unani- 
 mously agreed to by the Presbytery. And Mr. Rodgers and 
 Mr. Smith, recognizing that the Synod's demand was materi- 
 ally granted, and being extremely loath to pursue any 
 measures which might impede general edification, took their 
 seats in the Presbytery." In other words, we cannot 
 "annul" and "obliterate" what is past, but all such cases in 
 the future shall be referred first to the Synod. This is in ac- 
 cordance with the facts. Mr. Kinloch had already, in 1769, 
 returned to Scotland, and was now pastor of the Burgher con- 
 gregation in Paisley, where he remained for many years. 
 Mr. Telfair had also, in 1768, returned to Scotland and re- 
 sumed his charge at the Bridge of Teith, and actually offered 
 information in the matter to the Anti-Burgher Synod in 1770, 
 and they refused to hear him. So Dr. Clarke of Salem was 
 the only one of the Burgher ministers left, and his connec- 
 tion with the Presbytery was never disturbed nor questioned. 
 Dr. Annan, who was present in the meeting of the Presby- 
 tery, makes this comment: "The two gentlemen behaved 
 prudently; they did not insist on their instructions, and the 
 Presbytery, without a dissenting voice, declared against 
 obeying them. Mr. Marshall joined freely in this declaration 
 with his brethren." This ended the Burgher controversy in 
 America. The Secession Church here has ever since been 
 one. 
 
 Mr. Smith soon settled on the Octoraro, in Lancaster Co., 
 and Mr. Rodgers at Big Spring, in Cumberland Co. , and the 
 East and West Conecocheague, in Franklin. In 1772 Mr. 
 James Clarkson arrived, and was settled in Aug., 1773, at 
 Muddy Creek, now Guinston, York Co. William Logan and 
 John Murray came in the autumn of 1773; the former set- 
 tling at Fermanagh, now Mexico, in Juniata Co., and the 
 latter at Marsh Creek, in Adams Co. Andrew Patton came 
 from Ireland in 1774, and after itinerating for several years 
 was deposed from the ministry in 1781 for gross immorality. 
 James Martin arrived from Ireland in 1775, and within two 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 25 
 
 years passed to the Presbyterian Church. David Annan, 
 brother of Dr. Robert, was principally educated in this coun- 
 try-, and was ordained in 1778, and settled at Peterborough, in 
 Hillsborough Co., New Hampshire. This increase of minis- 
 ters, and the great inconvenience of their meeting together in 
 one place, led to a division of the Presbytery, and John Ma- 
 son, Robert Annan and Thomas Clarke, pastors, and William 
 Logan and Andrew Patton, unsettled, were organized on the 
 20th of May, 1776, as the Presbytery of New York, co-ordi- 
 nate with the Presbytery of Pennsylvania and subordinate to 
 the Anti-Burgher Synod of Scotland. 
 
 In the struggle between the Colonies and Great Britain all 
 the ministers of the Associate and of the Reformed Churches 
 joined heartily with the former. Drs. Mason and Annan 
 were particularly forward in the exhibition of their patriotism, 
 and they both served for a time as chaplains in the Continen- 
 tal army. The idea very soon and very naturally suggested 
 itself to these men that if political independence of foreign 
 control would be a good thing, ecclesiastical independence of 
 a far-off power would not be a bad thing. The question was 
 at once started, and mainly urged by Dr. Annan, whether 
 both branches of Scottish Dissenters in this country could not 
 be united so as to form one national church organization, in- 
 dependent in government of all foreign control — a free 
 Church in a free State, To this end overtures were made to 
 the Reformed brethren, and kindly entertained. The first 
 conference anent this matter was held on the 30th of Sept., 
 1777, at the house of Samuel Patterson, in Donegal, Lancas- 
 ter Co., Pa. Messrs. Cuthbertson, Smith, Proudfit and Hen- 
 derson were present. The next was in March, 1778, at 
 Pequea, when most of the brethren on both sides were pres- 
 ent. Other conferences followed until the spring of 1780, 
 when the Associate Presbytery of New York, at a meeting 
 held in Salem, N. Y., adopted certain terms which were sent 
 to the other Presbyteries for concurrence. These were made 
 the basis for further negotiation between the two Presby- 
 teries in Pennsylvania, and a final basis of ten articles was 
 adopted by the Reformed Presbyterian Presbytery at a meet- 
 ing in Donegal on the 29th of Nov., 1781. These same arti- 
 
26 HISTORY OF 
 
 cles were adopted by the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylva- 
 nia at a meeting held at Peqnea, Lancaster Co., Pa., on the 
 13th of June, 1782, and as a result of this triple adoption the 
 Associate Reformed Church was organized, and its first Synod 
 met in Philadelphia on the 1st of Nov., 1782. 
 
 This basis of union was not adopted unanimously by the 
 Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania at its meeting in June, 
 1782. Messrs. Marshall and Clarkson, ministers, and Messrs. 
 Robert Hunter, James Thompson and Alexander Moor, rul- 
 ing elders, protested against the action of Presbytery, and 
 appealed to the Associate Synod of Scotland. This protest 
 was at first admitted by the Presbytery, but on review of it, 
 as it contained an appeal, it was refused admittance, because 
 the majority would no longer acknowledge their subordina- 
 tion to any foreign court. The protestors then withdrew, and 
 claimed to be the true Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, 
 on the ground of their loyalty to the faith and discipline of 
 the Associate Church. Their appeal was heard by the Synod 
 in Scotland, and their conduct was approved, and new mis- 
 sionaries were sent out to them to aid in rebuilding the cause. 
 John Anderson arrived in the summer of 1783; Thomas Bev- 
 eridge in the early summer of 1784; David Goodwillie and 
 Archibald Whyte in May, 1788; John Cree and David Somer- 
 ville in 1790; Robert Laing in 1795, and John Banks in 1796. 
 In 1789 Matthew Henderson returned from the Associate Re- 
 formed Church, as did John Smith in 1795. 
 
 In the summer of 1784, after the arrival of Messrs. Ander- 
 son and Beveridge, the Presbytery considered it expedient 
 to prepare a Testimony, suited to their circumstances in this 
 country, and appointed these two brethren to attend to that 
 business. A Narrative and Testimony were prepared, princi- 
 pally by Mr. Beveridge, and enacted and published during 
 the same year. The subordination of the Presbytery to the 
 Synod in Scotland was found at once to be inconvenient and 
 disadvantageous, and the Testimony was adopted without any 
 consultation with the Synod. For this independent action 
 some dissatisfaction was expressed and an act adopted by the 
 Synod in 1786, but it claimed little more than what might be 
 called brotherly oversight which one Church might exercise 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 2'] 
 
 over another. The subordination of the Presbytery to the 
 Synod in Scotland was never of any practical importance, 
 and soon became a dead letter. 
 
 In 1 79 1 the Presbytery passed an act respecting public cov- 
 enanting, which was afterwards incorporated in the Testi- 
 mony; and in 1792 they engaged in the duty of covenanting 
 in connection with the congregation in New York. In 1796 
 they also passed an act against occasional communion, which 
 ever afterward remained the law of the Church. Feeling that 
 the supply of ministers from abroad was inadequate to their 
 wants, the Presbytery took measures to encourage young 
 men to seek the ministry, and as an aid thereto, they elected, 
 on the 2ist of Apr., 1794, Dr. John Anderson, of Service, 
 Beaver Co., Pa., their professor of theology. He continued 
 to discharge the duties of his office as sole professor until 
 1819, when the infirmities of age compelled him to resign. 
 
 In answer to an application made by sundry individuals in 
 the State of Kentucky to the General Associate Synod of 
 Scotland, Messrs Andrew Fulton and Robert Armstrong were 
 sent out in the autumn of 1797 and arrived at their field of 
 labor in the spring of 1798. After surveying their ground in 
 Kentucky and Tennessee they organized themselves, accord- 
 ing to synodic direction, into the Associate Presbytery of 
 Kentucky, on the 28th of Nov., 1798, coordinate with the 
 Presbytery of Pennsylvania and subordinate to the Associate 
 Synod of Edinburgh, in Scotland. 
 
 In consequence of the scattered condition of the ministers 
 of the Presbytery of Pennsylvania, they could rarely meet 
 oftener than once a year, and not all of them even then, so 
 most of the business was transacted at what were called in- 
 terim meetings, where two or three neigboring ministers were 
 allowed to meet at their convenience and attend to local bus- 
 iness. This arrangement did not give complete satisfaction, 
 so the Presbytery, at its meeting in Philadelphia on the ist 
 of May, 1800, ''''Resolved^ That this Presbytery will, if the 
 Lord permit, constitute themselves into a Synod, or Court of 
 Review, known and designated by the name of the Associate 
 Synod of North America, at next ordinary meeting, which is 
 appointed to be held at Philadelphia, 3d Wednesday of May, 
 
28 HISTORY OF 
 
 1801, at II o'clock; that J\Ir. Marshall open the meeting with 
 a sermon, and then constitute the Synod, the rest of the day 
 to be employed in solemn prayer and fasting, Mr. J. Smith to 
 pray first, and then Mr. Clarkson, Mr. Pringle to close."* 
 The Synod was to bear the same relation to the General As- 
 sociate Synod in Great Britain that the Presbytery had done. 
 
 The Synod met in Philadelphia on the 20th of May, 1801, 
 and was opened with a sermon by Mr. Marshall, from Matt, 
 xxviii. 20, and constituted by him with prayer. On the full 
 roll were the names of Mr. Marshall, John Smith, James 
 Clarkson, Francis Pringle, John Anderson, David Goodwillie, 
 Archibald Whyte, John Cree, Robert Laing, Andrew Fulton, 
 Robert Armstrong, John Banks, Thomas Smith, Ebenezer 
 Henderson, Daniel IMcLean, William Wilson, James Duncan 
 and William Hume. Of these eighteen, only Messrs. Mar- 
 shall, Smith, Clarkson, Pringle, Anderson, Armstrong, Hen- 
 derson and T. Smith, were present. John Smith was elected 
 moderator and Francis Pringle stated clerk. The Synod was 
 divided into the four Presbyteries of Cambridge, Philadel- 
 phia, Chartiers and Kentucky. This Synod enacted "That 
 none be licensed to preach the gospel, or ordained to the 
 office of the holy ministry among us, but such as have sworn 
 the covenant engagements entered into in the Secession 
 Church, or declare their readiness to do so when opportunity 
 offers, and subscribe said declaration." This remained the 
 law of the church for many years, and was never repealed, 
 although it finally became inoperative through neglect. 
 Ministers continued to arrive from Scotland and Ireland, and 
 others were educated at the seminary at Service, and the 
 church grew slowly but steadih', and new Presbyteries were 
 erected from time to time as needed. The territorial extent 
 of the church became so great that the question of dividing 
 into sub-synods with a delegated general Synod was twice 
 submitted to the church in overture, and both times rejected. 
 
 Messrs. Fulton and Armstrong had not been two years in 
 Kentucky until they felt painfully the evil of slaveholding, 
 and applied to the Synod to issue a warning in reference to it. 
 Messrs. Smith and Anderson were appointed to comply with 
 
 * The Presbytery- of Kentucky agreed to cooperate in this movement. 
 
ASvSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 29 
 
 this request. They pronounced slaveholding a moral evil, 
 and urged the necessity of fully instructing the people in 
 reference to its nature. This the brethren in Kentucky tried 
 faithfully to do, but with very little apparent success; so in 
 1804, ]\Ir. Fulton took the major part of his congregation and 
 passed over to Indiana, and Mr. Armstrong took his to Ohio. 
 This solved the question pretty thoroughly as far as Ken- 
 tucky was concerned, but some congregations had recently 
 started up further south, and the Presbytery of the Carolinas 
 was organized in 1803. The difficulty continued, but the 
 location was changed. There were Associate congregations 
 in the States of Tennessee, Virginia, North and South Caro- 
 lina, and they w^ere involving themselves with slavery. 
 Some people in Greene Co. , O. , who had removed from Ken- 
 tucky, petitioned the Synod in 1808 to exclude slaveholders 
 from the communion of the church. This led to the adop- 
 tion of an act in 18 11, declaring it to be a moral evil to hold 
 negroes in bondage, directing members of the church to set 
 them at liberty, or if this could not be done according to the 
 laws of the State, to treat them as if free in respect to food, 
 clothing, instruction and wages. It was also enacted that 
 those who refused to comply with these directions were un- 
 worthy of the fellowship of the church. The provisions of 
 this act were not complied with, and the subject kept troub- 
 ling Synod from time to time until 1831, when a more string- 
 ent act was passed, by which all slaveholders were forthwith 
 excluded from communion. This action was regarded by a 
 very respectable minority of Synod as harsh and severe, and 
 practically accomplished nothing. In 1840 a letter was ad- 
 dressed to the congregations in the South, in which allow- 
 ance was made for those who could not emancipate their 
 slaves, provided they would agree to what was called moral 
 emancipatio7i. The Rev. Thomas S. Kendall was sent as a 
 commissioner from Synod to read this letter to the congrega- 
 tions, but instead of conciliating the feelings of those holding 
 slaves, a riot w^as excited in a congregation in South Carolina, 
 and while he was engaged in the public worship they seized 
 him, and by an act of lynch law expelled him from the State. 
 This brought on a crisis, and the Presbytery of the Carolinas 
 
30 HISTORY OF 
 
 declared itself independent of the Synod, and the church was 
 completely and permanently purged of the sin of slavery. 
 
 The Synod did not have fixed and definite rules of disci- 
 pline, but followed custom and tradition until 1817, when the 
 first Book of Discipline was adopted. It contained an aaticle 
 on censurable offences, among which were enumerated pro- 
 faning the Sabbath, the use of spirituous liquors, profan- 
 ing the name of God in common conversation, the abuse 
 of lots, the use of charms, the diversions of the stage, and 
 promiscuous dancing. This book was superseded by another 
 in 1843. 
 
 In 1820 the two branches of the Secession in Scotland 
 united and formed the United Secession Church. Against 
 this union Professor Paxton and eight other ministers of the 
 Anti- Burghers protested, and refused to enter. When the 
 General Associate S^mod (Anti-Burgher) adopted a new Tes- 
 timony in 1806, Dr. McCree and three or four others left the 
 church and constituted themselves as the Constitutional 
 Presbytery. In 1827 Professor Paxton' s party united with 
 this Presbytery and formed the Synod of Original Seceders. 
 The Synod in this country was very much excited over the 
 union of 1820, and debated the matter until 1826, when by 
 the casting vote of the moderator, Dr. Ramsay, they con- 
 demned the "said union as a defection from a covenanted 
 reformation," and at the next meeting resolved to continue 
 in union with the Protestors, and in 1832, with the Synod 
 of Original Seceders. Peace and quiet, however, were not 
 obtained until an explanatory act was adopted in 1835. The 
 Original Seceders united with the Free Church of Scotland 
 in 1852, which placed the Synod in this country out of union 
 with any Scottish organization. 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synod of the West in 1820, one 
 year after its organization as an independent Synod, applied 
 to the Associate Synod for a conference on the subject of a 
 union between the two Synods. This offer was accepted, 
 and James Ramsay, William Wilson and Robert Bruce were 
 appointed as its representatives. A conference was held and 
 Matthew Henderson, John Riddell and Joseph Kerr, on be- 
 half of the Associate Reformed Synod, offered the following 
 six articles for a basis : 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 31 
 
 1. We believe that the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the 
 word of God, and the perfect and only rule of Christian faith and practice. 
 
 2. We shall retain the Westminster Confession of Faith, Catechisms, 
 larger and shorter, and Form of Presbyterian Church Government, as re- 
 ceived by both churches. 
 
 3. We shall exhibit an illustration and defense of the doctrines of the 
 Confession of Faith, in which we shall expose and testify against error gen- 
 erally, but more particularly the errors of the present day. 
 
 4. We assert that public religious vowing or covenanting is a moral duty, 
 to be practiced when the circumstances of Providence require it. But as the 
 duty, from its nature, is occasional, not stated, and there is and may be a 
 diversity of sentiment respecting the reasonableness of it, we agree that 
 while no obstruction is thrown in the way, every Scriptural facility should 
 be afforded those who have clearness to proceed in it, while its observance 
 shall not be required of any, in order to church communion. 
 
 5. We agree that the united church shall prepare a formula. 
 
 6. We propose that the united Synod be called " The Associate Synod of 
 the Presbyterian Church." 
 
 To tlie first, fifth and sixth articles the commissioners and 
 the Associate Synod assented, but a more explicit declaration 
 was asked on the second, third and fourth articles, and 
 Messrs. Allison, Murray and Bruce were appointed as the 
 new conferees. Dr. Bruce only attended. Some explana- 
 tions were made to the Synod of 1822, and then the whole 
 matter fell through. The perpetual obligation of the 
 National Covenant of Scotland, and the League of the three 
 kingdoms, seemed to present the greatest difficulty in the 
 way. But the true difficulty arose from the fact that the 
 Synods were a little shy of each other, and while they felt 
 the duty of union, they did not have that full and generous 
 confidence in each other which was necessary for a hearty 
 union. 
 
 The question having been raised in different parts of the 
 church as to the right of members to present adopted children 
 for baptism, it was debated in the Synod for several years, 
 and finally decided in 1829 against this supposed right, upon 
 the ground that the "natural relation of parentage alone war- 
 rants the presentation of a child for baptism." This decision 
 was not satisfactory to a respectable minority, and the matter 
 was still agitated until 1851, when the above action was re- 
 scinded, and Sessions were left to act according to their own 
 conscientious convictions in every individual case. 
 
32 HISTORY OF 
 
 At the meeting of the Synod in Pittsburgh, May 27, 1829, 
 according to previous arrangements, the members engaged in 
 public solemn covenanting. Dr. Heron preached from 
 Psalms Ixxvi. 2; the bond was signed by twenty-nine minis- 
 ters, fifteen elders, five probationers and two students of the- 
 ology. As few of the eastern brethren were present, it was 
 resolved that an opportunity should be afforded to them to 
 engage in this duty at the next meeting, which was appointed 
 in Philadelphia. Upon this occasion Dr. Martin preached 
 from Neh. ix. 38, and the bond was signed by ten ministers, 
 ten elders, three probationers, three students of theology, and 
 some members of the congregation. Some ministers, and 
 others who had covenanted before, signified their concurrence. 
 A great design of the Synod in thus doing was to encourage 
 their congregations to follow their example. How far this 
 design was successful there is no means of ascertaining, but 
 it is believed that at different times this ordinance has been 
 observed in the greater number of the oldest and largest con- 
 gregations of the Synod. 
 
 At this point of time a trouble sprung up which resulted in 
 a temporary schism. A minute history of its causes and suc- 
 cessive steps is not necessary in this connection. The con- 
 troversy involved some important principles of church gov- 
 ernment, and of submission to lawful authority, even if not 
 lovingly administered. But no doctrine of grace or distinct- 
 ive principle of the church was ever brought into question. 
 It is also a pleasure for the historian to be able to state that 
 all the prominent actors on both sides were good men, and 
 that the Holy Ghost set the seal of His approval most un- 
 equivocally upon the general work of their lives. The treas- 
 ure, however, was in earthen vessels, and like Moses, and 
 David, and Peter, these men had their infirmities and weak- 
 nesses, but "he that is without sin among you, let him first 
 cast a stone. ' ' 
 
 After the death of Dr. Banks, and before the Eastern and 
 Western Seminaries were fully consolidated. Dr. Alex. Bul- 
 lions was authorized by the Presbytery of Cambridge to in- 
 struct their students in theology. About 1829 a personal 
 difficulty occurred between him and Mr. David Gordon, one 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 33 
 
 of the students. This assumed different phases, and passed 
 to the Presbytery, where Dr. Bullions was, on the 2d of Sept. , 
 1834, suspended from the exercise of the ministry and from 
 the communion of the church. Synod confirmed this action 
 at its meeting in October, but limited the time to two months. 
 In December he was rebuked and restored, and the Presbytery 
 passed "an act of oblivion in regard to all past expressions 
 marked or complained of against members of Presbytery till 
 this time." Soon after this three pamphlets appeared, in 
 which the Bullions trial was reviewed with great severity. 
 These were traced to Andrew Stark, of New York, and in the 
 spring of 1835 were very sharply answered anonymously by 
 Chauncey Webster, of Albany, then a student of theology. 
 Libels were preferred against both of these brethren by the 
 Presbytery of Albany, and Dr. Stark's case was referred sim- 
 pliciter to Synod, where, on the first of June, 1836, he was 
 suspended from the ministry. Dr. Alex. Bullions came to the 
 relief of his friend, and said some severe things in reference 
 to four of his fellow presbyters, for which he was suspended 
 a second time, on the 5th of October, and ultimately deposed. 
 Others became involved in the quarrel, and acts of discipline 
 were freely administered, to which no attention was paid. A 
 majority of the Presbytery of Albany sympathized with Dr. 
 Stark, and were disowned by Synod as a Presbytery. A 
 minority of the Presbytery of Cambridge was cast out, and 
 the Presbytery of Vermont formally restored Dr. Bullions to 
 the ministry, for which it was abolished by the Synod, and 
 here ended all synodic action. The disowned Presbytery of 
 Albany, and the minority Presbytery of Cambridge, and the 
 suspended Presbytery of Vermont, met on the 15th of June, 
 1841, in Cambridge, N. Y., and organized themselves into a 
 Synod, which they designated as the Associate Synod of 
 North America. The schism was now complete, and the new 
 Synod gave itself to its legitimate work and prospered. 
 Time mollified feelings, and in 1852 overtures for union were 
 made, and on the 31st of May, 1854, in Albany, N. Y., a cor- 
 dial and happy consolidation of the two Synods was accom- 
 plished. The junior Synod consisted at this time of four 
 Presbyteries, fifteen ministers, nineteen congregations, eight 
 3 
 
34 HISTORY OF 
 
 hundred and ten families, and t\A'enty-two hundred and 
 eighty members. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Andrew Heron, while pastor at Caesar's 
 Creek, Greene Co., O., allowed the Rev. H. H. Blair, then 
 under censure from the Synod, to hold on a week day a ser- 
 vice in his church, and he attended the service. The Pres- 
 bytery of Miami regarded this as giving countenance and 
 moral support to the "Exscinded Brethren" in their "divisive 
 and contumacious course," and as he refused to acknowledge 
 any error in his conduct, he was suspended from the ministry 
 for "insubordination." His neighbor, the Rev. George M. 
 Hall, sympathized with him, and as the greater part of their 
 congregations adhered to them, in 1843 ^^^V organized them- 
 selves into the "Free Associate Presbytery of Miami." Dur- 
 ing the next year Mr. Hall returned to the Synod, and this 
 dissolved their Presbytery, and Dr. Heron united with the 
 Associate Reformed Church. 
 
 In 1799 the Associate Reformed Synod adopted its "Con- 
 stitution and Standards," in which it modified the doctrine 
 of the Westminster Confession of Faith "concerning the 
 power of the Civil Magistrate in matters of religion." 
 Against this modification the Rev. Messrs. Alexander McCoy 
 and Robert Warwick protested, and on the 27th of Jan., 1801, 
 in the town of Washington, Pa., organized themselves into 
 an independent Presbytery, which they called Tke Reformed 
 Dissenting Presbytery. This Presbytery, which rarely con 
 sisted of more than three or four ministers, united in 1851 
 with the Associate Synod. 
 
 In 1843 ^^ Rev. Joseph Shaw was received from the Re- 
 formed Dissenting Presbytery, when his ordination was called 
 in question, inasmuch as only one ministerial member of the 
 Presbyter^' officiated at the ordination. After a protracted 
 discussion in Synod it was decided by a vote of forty-nine 
 against twenty-two that said ordination, though irregular in 
 its form, was valid as to its substance. 
 
 In 1840 the Synod passed an act respecting the traffic in 
 ardent spirits, "advising that no member of the church retail 
 them for ordinary use; and that Sessions deal with such mem- 
 bers of the church as may be engaged in such traffic, in order 
 
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 35 
 
 to induce them to desist; and that all members of the church 
 refuse any encouragement to those who follow such an em- 
 ployment. ' ' 
 
 In 1843 farther action was taken on this subject, and it 
 was unanimously resolved "That church sessions be directed 
 to deal with such members of the church as are found engaged 
 in the manufacture or vending of ardent spirits under such 
 circumstances as are calculated to bring a reproach upon their 
 profession, and thus constitute an offense in the Scriptural 
 sense of the term, and that such persons be required to aban- 
 don it." At the last meeting of the Synod, before the con- 
 summation of the union, it also resolved "That in the judg- 
 ment of this Synod the manufacturing or vending of intoxi- 
 cating liquors, for the purpose of being used as a common 
 beverage, is a censurable offense." 
 
 The Associate Synod of Scotland, at an early period, con- 
 demned the Masonic oath as sinful, both as to its matter and 
 form, and warned all its members against any connection with 
 Masonic lodges. Since that all Free Masons have been ex- 
 cluded from the communion of the Associate Church. At 
 the time of the Morgan abduction the Synod in this country 
 repeated the warning against Masonry, and in 1846 it was 
 declared "that we regard connection with the Order of Odd 
 Fellows in the same light as with Free JNIasons, and equally 
 deserving the censures of the church. ' ' A warning was also 
 issued at this time against connection with the Order of the 
 Sons of Temperance, because of their vain parades at funerals 
 and processions, their secresy, the danger of such societies to 
 the community, and the countenance which they give to 
 other societies of a worse character. 
 
 In 1842 the Synod resolved to enter upon the foreign mis- 
 sionar}^' work, and the Rev. Joseph Banks was sent out to se- 
 lect a suitable field in South America, The island of Trini- 
 dad was fixed upon, and during the following year he and the 
 Rev. David Gordon and wife and Miss Beveridge commenced 
 missionary labors there. Mr. Gordon soon died, and Mr. Banks 
 was compelled on account of ill health to return. Others 
 were sent out, but the enterprise did not prove a success, and 
 the mission was finally passed over to the Free Church of 
 
36 HISTORY OF 
 
 Scotland. Thwarted here, the Synod turned elsewhere, and in 
 1854 the Rev. Andrew Gordon and wife and sister were sent 
 out to India. They selected Sialkot, in North India, as 
 their field; others followed, and this mission has been pros- 
 pered, and is in a flourishing condition at the present time. 
 
 Secession churches are under a kind of constitutional ne- 
 cessity of being witnessing and testimony-bearing churches, 
 so as to exhibit and illustrate the ground of their independent 
 existence. The Associate Synod was always true to its eccle- 
 siastical parentage, and freely testified upon different occasions 
 against prevailing evils as they exhibited themselves in 
 church, state or society, and upon all living issues clearly de- 
 fined its position. 
 
 The necessity for an improved version of the Psalms was 
 long felt in the Associate Church, and very considerable time 
 and labor had been bestowed by Dr. Beveridge and others 
 upon an effort in that direction, when the consummation of 
 the union in 1858 caused this work to pass to the United Pres- 
 byterian Church, where in due time it was satisfactorily ac- 
 complished. 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synods of New York and the West 
 and the General Reformed Presbyterian Synod (N. S.) began 
 in 1838 to hold conventions, to prepare the way if possible for 
 an organic union. After two or three annual meetings had 
 taken place, an invitation was given to the Associate Synod 
 to participate in these "Conventions of the Reformed 
 Churches," which was accepted, and delegates were sent in 
 1842. These conventions continued five or six years, and 
 then gave place to overtures or communications directly from 
 one body to the other. A basis of union was finally sub- 
 mitted in 1856 by the Associate Synod, which was accepted 
 in 1857 by the General Synod of the Associate Reformed 
 Church, and the long sought union was consummated on the 
 26th of May, 1858. The Synod consisted at this time of 21 
 Presbyteries, 198 ministers, 33 licentiates, 293 congregations, 
 16,621 families, and 23,505 members. A residuary of 11 min- 
 isters, 32 congregations (generally very small), and 778 mem- 
 bers declined going into the union, and continued their 
 organization as the Associate Synod. 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 37 
 
 The Associate Reformed Church. 
 
 As already stated, conferences upon the subject of an or- 
 ganic union between the Reformed and the Associate 
 Presbyteries of America began in 1777, and continued for 
 several years. A basis for such a union was unanimously 
 adopted by the Associate Presbytery of New York in the 
 spring of 1780, at Salem, N. Y., and offered to the other 
 Presbyteries. About the ist of Dec, 1781, this basis, with 
 some modifications, was unanimously adopted by the Re- 
 formed Presbyterian Presbytery at a meeting in Donegal, 
 Lancaster Co. , Pa. At a meeting of the Associate Presbytery 
 of Pennsylvania, at Pequea, Lancaster Co., Pa., June 13, 1782, 
 this basis was also adopted by a majority, when two ministers 
 and three elders protested and refused to be bound by the act. 
 The terms were the following : 
 
 1. That Jesus Christ died for the elect. 
 
 2. That there is an appropriatiou in the nature of faith. 
 
 3. That the Gospel is addressed indiscriminately to sinners of mankind. 
 
 4. That the righteousness of Christ is the alone condition of the covenant 
 of grace. 
 
 5. That civil government originates with God, the Creator, and not with 
 Christ, the Mediator. 
 
 6. That the administration of the Kingdom of Providence is given into 
 the hands of Jesus Christ, the Mediator ; and magistracy, the ordinance ap- 
 pointed by the Moral Governor of the world, to be the prop of civil order 
 among men as well as other things, is rendered subservient by the Mediator 
 to the welfare of his spiritual kingdom, the Church, and has the sanctified 
 use of it and of every common benefit, through the grace of our Lord Jesus 
 Christ. 
 
 7. That the law of nature, and the moral law revealed in the Scriptures, 
 are substantially the same, although the latter expresses the will of God 
 more evidently and clearly than the former; and, therefore, magistrates 
 among Christians ought to be regulated by the general directory of the Word 
 as to the execution of their office. 
 
 8. That the qualifications of justice, veracity, etc., required in the law of 
 
38 HISTORY OF 
 
 nature for the being of a magistrate, are also more explicitly revealed as 
 necessary in the Holy Scriptures. But a religious test, any further than an 
 oath of fidelity, can never be essentially necessary for the being of a magis- 
 trate, except where the people make it a condition of government. 
 
 9. That both parties, when united, shall adhere to the Westminster Con- 
 fession of Faith, the Catechisms, the Directory for Worship, and proposi- 
 tions concerning church government. 
 
 ID. That they shall claim the full exercise of church discipline, without 
 dependence upon foreign judicatories. 
 
 The three Presbyteries met in convention in the house of 
 Mr. William Richards, in Philadelphia, on Wednesday, the 
 30th of Oct., 1782, and adopted eight articles for the guid- 
 ance of the Synod, which they designed organizing. 
 
 On Friday, the ist of November, 1782, the Synod of the 
 Associate Reformed Church was formally organized, and the 
 Rev. Dr. John Mason, of New York, was elected as its first 
 moderator. Nine ministers and six ruling elders were 
 present, viz.: Associate Presbytery of New York: Dr. John 
 Mason, Robert Annan, ministers, Wm. McKinney, ruling 
 elder; Associate Presbytery of Pe7uisylvania: James Proudfit, 
 John Rodgers, John Smith, Wm. Logan, ministers, Joseph 
 Miller, Robert Douglass, ruling elders; Reformed Presbytery : 
 John Cuthbertson, Matthew Lind, Alex Dobbin, ministers, 
 James Bell, John Cochran, Dr. Robert Patterson, ruling 
 elders. The Presbyteries were re-arranged as follows: 
 
 The First Presbytery to consist of Messrs. David Telfair, 
 John Cuthbertson, James Proudfit and John Smith, and the 
 churches in East Pennsylvania. 
 
 The Second Presbytery of Messrs. Matthew Henderson, 
 Matthew Lind, John Rodgers, Alexander Dobbin, William 
 Logan, and John Murray, and the churches in West Pennsyl- 
 vania, making the Susquehanna river the dividing line. 
 
 The Third Presbytery of Dr. John Mason, Robert Annan, 
 Thomas Clarke and David Annan, and the churches in New 
 York and the Eastern States. 
 
 The most important business in which the Synod engaged 
 was the consideration of the eight articles agreed upon by the 
 Convention which preceded the Synod. These were dis- 
 cussed seriatim^ "and after serious deliberation and solemn 
 prayer" were unanimously adopted "as proper to display the 
 principles upon which we intend to act." They were as 
 follows : 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 39 
 
 I. It is the resolution of this Synod to persevere in adhering to the system 
 of truth contained in the Holy Scriptures, exhibited in the Confession of 
 Faith, Catechisms, larger and shorter, and to the fundamental principles of 
 gospel worship, and ecclesiastical government agreed upon by the Assembly 
 of Divines at Westminster, with the assistance of commissioners from the 
 church of Scotland. This declaration, however, does not extend to the fol- 
 lowing sections of the Confession of Faith, which define the power of civil 
 government in relation to religion: Chap. XX., sec. 4, Chap. XXIII., sec. 3, 
 Chap. XXXI., sec. 2. These sections are reserved for a candid discussion on 
 some future occasion as God shall be pleased to direct. Nor is it to be con- 
 strued as a resignation of our rights to adjust the circumstances of public 
 worship and ecclesiastical policy to the station in which Divine Providence 
 may place us. All the members of the Synod acknowledge in the mean- 
 while that they are under the most sacred obligations to avoid unnecessary 
 criticism upon any of these excellent treatises, which would have a native 
 tendency to weaken their attachment to the truths therein contained. If 
 any of the members of the Synod shall conceive any scruples at any article 
 or articles of the Confession of Faith, Catechisms, Directory of Worship, or 
 Form of Presbyterian Church Government, or shall think they have suffici- 
 ent reason to make objections thereto, they shall have full liberty to com- 
 municate their scruples or objections to their brethren, who shall consider 
 them with impartiality, meekness and patience, and endeavor to remove 
 them by calm, dispassionate reasoning. No kind of censure shall be inflicted 
 in cases of this nature, unless those scrupling and objecting brethren shall 
 disturb the peace of the church by publishing their opinions to the people, 
 or by urging them in judicatories with irritating and schismatic zeal. 
 
 II. The ministers and elders in Synod assembled also declare their hearty 
 approbation of the earnest contendings for the faith and magnanimous suf- 
 ferings in its defence by which our pious ancestors were enabled to distin- 
 guish themselves in the last two centuries; that they have an affectionate 
 remembrance of the National Covenant of Scotland, and of the Solemn 
 League and Covenant of Scotland, England and Ireland, as well-intended 
 engagements to support the cause of civil and religious liberty, and hold 
 themselves bound by divine authority to practice all the moral duties therein 
 contained according to their circumstances. That public and explicit cove- 
 nanting with God is a moral duty under the Go.spel dispensation, to which 
 they are resolved to attend as He shall be pleased to direct. That it is their 
 real intention to carry with them all the judicial testimonies against defec- 
 tions from the faith once delivered to the saints which have been emitted in 
 the present age by their brethren in Scotland, as far as these testimonies 
 serve to display the truth, and comport with the circumstances of our 
 church, and that they will avail themselves of every call to bear appointed 
 testimony against the errors and delusions which prevail in this country. 
 
 III. The members of Synod also acknowledge with gratitude that they are 
 bound to honor the religious denominations in Britain to which they be- 
 longed, on account of their zeal for the purity of the Gospel, and of those 
 laudable efforts to promote it, not only in Britain and Ireland, but also in 
 America, and they profess an unfeigned desire to hold an amicable corres- 
 pondence with all or any of them, and to concur with them in every just and 
 eligible measure for promoting true and undefiled religion. 
 
40 HISTORY OF 
 
 IV. It is also the resolution of this Synod never to introduce, nor suffer 
 to be introduced in their church, the local controversy about the civil estab- 
 lishment of the Presbyterian religion, and the religious clause of some 
 Burgess oaths in Scotland, or any unnecessary disputes about the origin of 
 civil dominion, and the requisites for rendering it legal in circumstances dis- 
 similar to those in which themselves are placed. They esteem themselves 
 bound to detach their religious profession from all foreign connections, and 
 to honor the civil powers of America, conscientiously submitting to them in 
 all their lawful operations. 
 
 V. That the abuse of ecclesiastical censures may be effectually prevented, 
 the following General Rule of Discipline is ttnanitnously adopted, namely: 
 That notorious violations of the law of God, and such errors in doctrine as 
 unhinge the Christian profession, shall be the only scandals for which depo- 
 sition and excommunication shall be passed, and that the highest censures 
 of other offenders shall be a dissolution of the connection between the Synod 
 and the offender. 
 
 VI. The terms of admission to fixed communion with the Synod shall be 
 soundness in faith, as defined in the above mentioned Confession and Cate- 
 chisms, submission to the government and discipline of the church and a 
 holy conversation. 
 
 VII. The members of Synod also acknowledge it to be their duty to treat 
 pious persons of other denominations with great affection and tenderness. 
 They are willing, as God afFordeth opportunity, to extend communion to all 
 who in every place call on the name of the Lord Jesus in conformity to His 
 will. But as occasional communion in a divided state of the church may 
 produce great disorders, if it be not conducted with much wisdom and mod- 
 eration, they esteem themselves, and the people under their inspection, in- 
 violably bound in all ordinary cases to submit to every restriction of their 
 liberty, which general edification renders necessary. This article, however, 
 is not to be construed as a license to encourage vagrant preachers who go 
 about under pretence of extraordinary zeal and devotion, and are not subject 
 to the government and discipline of any regular church. 
 
 VIII. As the principles of the Synod are detached from the local peculi- 
 arities by which the most considerable parts of Presbyterians have been 
 hitherto distinguished, it is further agreed to reject all such applications for 
 admission to fixed communion with the Synod that may at any time be 
 made by persons belonging to other denominations of Presbyterians, as 
 evidently arise from caprice, personal prejudice, or any other schismatical 
 principles, and that the only admissible application shall be such as shall, 
 upon deliberate examination, be found to arise from a solid conviction of 
 duty, and to discover Christian meekness towards the party whose commu- 
 nion is relinquished, or such as are made by considerable bodies of people 
 who are not only destitute of a fixed gospel ministry, but cannot be reason- 
 ably provided for bj' the denomination of Presbyterians to which they belong. 
 It is, however, thought proper that applications of the last kind shall not be 
 admitted till the bodies by whom they are admitted shall previously inform 
 the judicatories which have the immediate inspection of them of the reasons 
 of their intended application, and shall use all due means to obtain the con- 
 currence of that judicatory. 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 4I 
 
 These articles, originally from the pen of Dr. John Mason, 
 were subsequently revised and slightly amended, and pub- 
 lished under the unsuitable title of "The Constitution of the 
 Associate Reformed Church." They were popularly known 
 as the "Little Constitution." 
 
 A committee, consisting of Dr. Mason and Messrs. Lind 
 and Smith, was appointed "to prepare and publish, as soon 
 as possible, a concise narrative of the rise and progress of the 
 union between the Associate and Reformed Presbyteries, and 
 the grounds on which they have erected themselves into a 
 Synod, together with such an illustration of our constitu- 
 tional principles as they may judge necessary." This com- 
 mittee never reported. 
 
 In 1787 Dr. Mason, R. Annan and J. Smith were appointed 
 a committee to bring in "An Overture for illustrating and 
 defending the Doctrines of the Westminster Confession of 
 Faith." 
 
 In 1789 a long report was submitted, chiefly from the pen 
 of Dr. Annan, in the form of a commentary upon the different 
 chapters of the Confession. It was considered at great length 
 at that meeting of Synod, and then postponed and further 
 considered at the next meeting in May, 1790, when, instead 
 of a formal adoption, it was unanimously resolved that it is 
 "in substance an excellent and instructive illustration and 
 application of these truths unto the present state of the 
 Church of Christ in America, and warmly recommended it as 
 such to all the people under their inspection." 
 
 The Standards of the Associate Reformed Church were not 
 a birth, but a growth. Those who organized it had confi- 
 dence in each other, and united upon the simple basis of the 
 Westminster standards which belonged equally to both sides, 
 and left time and experience to decide whether anything 
 should be added, and if so, what. One of the objects of her 
 founders, and by no means a small one, was to establish an 
 American church holding the theology of the more conserva- 
 tive churches in Scotland; American in the twofold sense of 
 being independent of all foreign judicatories, a free Church 
 in a free State, and also in being denuded and freed from all 
 peculiarities of alien origin and suitableness. They did not 
 
42 HISTORY OF 
 
 wish simply to transplant an exotic whose special characteris- 
 tics showed its foreign birth and relations, and which might 
 not be adapted to the climate; but to build a home church, 
 unencumbered with any historical traditions, which could 
 and would adapt itself to the peculiarities and exigencies of 
 its surroundings. Hence they agreed upon the dogmas of 
 the new organization, and said nothing about the special 
 methods of their exhibition. The Reformed and the Associ- 
 ate Churches had covenant bonds and made assent to them a 
 term of communion; they had also a Judicial Testimony of 
 equal binding obligation with the Confession of Faith. The 
 Associate Reformed Church started without either of these. 
 This was not an inadvertence or oversight, but a deliberate 
 conviction of duty, and for which they were severely cen- 
 sured by those nearest of kin in Great Britain and America. 
 
 The new church had to fight for her existence, and the re- 
 sult of this contest had much to do in giving shape and char- 
 acter to her forming standards. She was charged with 
 "burying the covenants," and "neglecting to insist on their 
 binding obligation upon posterity." To this the Synod re- 
 plied in a letter to the Second Presbytery of the Carolinas: 
 "The omission in our Constitution of the National Covenant 
 of Scotland, and the Solemn League and Covenant, cannot 
 wound the most tender conscience when rightly informed. 
 It is not possible, consistently with truth, to make these cov- 
 enants, as they stand, a part of the church's testimony in 
 America ; and, therefore, the insertion of them among her 
 terms of communion, instead of promoting the edification of 
 her members, would only serve as a snare for their con- 
 sciences. To be applicable to the circumstances of this 
 church they must undergo a variety of alterations; but the 
 moment any alteration is admitted into an instrument of sol- 
 emn compact, it ceases to be the smfie instrument. To mod- 
 ify the covenants, therefore, is to destroy them; they instantly 
 cease to be the same covenants, and the persons who take 
 them thus modified, instead of renewing them, do, in fact, 
 enter into a new compact, and, by that v^ry act, resort to the 
 original principle of covenanting. " 
 
 The Original Seceders, the successors of McCree and Pax- 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 43 
 
 ton, and the most conservative body in Scotland, declared at 
 their union with the Free Church in 1852: "In fine, looking 
 upon society as possessed of permanent identity in the sight of 
 God, and on each succeeding age as bound to implement the 
 unexhausted obligations contracted by national oaths, we be- 
 lieve that the covenants of our ancestors * * * are still 
 binding, and that by them, we, as a nation, are laid under 
 additional obligation to maintain the principles and the cause 
 of the Reformation, ' ' This was precisely the position taken 
 by the Associate Reformed fathers seventy years before — that 
 these covenants were civil and national, and that the descend- 
 ing obligations followed not the individual, but the national 
 identity; and, although the descendants of covenanted ances- 
 tors, as members of another nation, they were not willing to 
 acknowledge special descending obligations. 
 
 When it was urged that these covenants embraced moral 
 duties, as well as civil and national, and that their perform- 
 ance was made binding upon posterity, the Synod answered 
 in the Little Constitution that "we are bound by the Divine 
 authority to perform all the moral duties contained in them." 
 That is, whatever is contained in them, which is clearly a 
 moral duty, we are bound to perform by the "Divine author- 
 ity" which requires it, and imparts to it its character as a 
 moral duty. Any further obligation would be a surplusage, 
 and that too from an inferior source of authority. 
 
 Another difficulty with which the new church had to con- 
 tend was the precise manner of Testimony-bearing. It is 
 very evident that the founders of the church, through the in- 
 fluence of their early training, felt that there was or might be 
 good reason for the adoption of a Judicial Testimony in addi- 
 tion to the Confession of Faith. Hence the appointment of 
 the two committees already mentioned to draft a narrative 
 and to bring in an illustrative overture. It is just as evident 
 that there was a doubt and a hesitancy in this matter, because 
 the first committee never reported, and the action of the other 
 was only commended but never adopted. But as they con- 
 tinued to discuss this subject, the Synod became more and 
 more confirmed in its opposition to such an instrument, and 
 finally and fully decided the question in 1797 by the adoption 
 of the following paper: 
 
44 HISTORY OF 
 
 Whereas, a number of people under the inspection of the Associate Re- 
 formed Synod entertain doubts as to their principles and intentions with re- 
 spect to the maintenance of a faithful testimony for the truth as it is in 
 Jesus; and whereas these doubts are accompanied with anxiety for a judicial 
 publication, copiously illustrating and defending the doctrines of the Gospel, 
 and enumerating, refuting and condemning errors and heresies, to be called 
 a Testimony, the viitiisters and elders in Synod assembled think it incum- 
 bent on them to explain, and by this act they do explain their real views of 
 these interesting subjects. 
 
 Upright and open testimony for the truths of the Lord's word, whether 
 relating to doctrine, discipline, worship or manners, is the indispensable 
 duty of all Christians, especially of the ministers and judicatories of the 
 church, who, from their office, ought to be set for the defence of the gospel. 
 
 Judicial testimonies, being designed to operate against prevalent error, are, 
 lest they should miss their aim, to be wisely adapted to the immediate cir- 
 cumstances of the church. 
 
 Both these principles have been fully recognized by the Synod in their 
 published act of May, 1790, entitled An act to amend the Constitution of the 
 Associate Reformed Synod. They therein declare that "they consider the 
 Confession of Faith, Larger and Shorter CateoJiisms, Directory for Worship 
 and Form of Church Government, as therein received, as their Fixed Tes- 
 timony, by which their principles are to be tried; or, as the judicial expres- 
 sion of the sense in which they understand the holy scriptures in the relation 
 they have to the doctrine, the worship and government of the Christian 
 Church, and that it is their resolution to emit occasional testimonies in par- 
 ticular acts against errors and delusions. 
 
 The Synod, however, being frequently importuned to publish a testimony 
 of a different kind, renewed from time to time their discussions on this point, 
 and after the most impartial and serious deliberation find it their duty not to 
 recede from the above resolution. 
 
 For the satisfaction of such as have not had access to know the grounds 
 of this decision, some of them are subjoined: 
 
 1. In her excellent Confession of Faith, Catechism, etc., the church is 
 already possessed of a testimony so scriptural, concise, comprehensive and 
 perspicuous that the Sj'nod despair of seeing it materially improved, and 
 are convinced that the most eligible and useful method of maintaining the 
 truths therein exhibited is occasionally to elucidate them and direct them in 
 particular acts against particular errors, as circumstances require. 
 
 2. There was drawn up and published by a committee of Synod, in the 
 year 1787, Ati Overture for Illustrating and Defending the Doctrines of the 
 
 Westminster Coyifession of Faith. And in May, 1790, Synod unanimously 
 resolved that said overture is "in substance an excellent and instructive 
 illustration and application of these truths unto the present state of the 
 church of Christ in America, and warmly recommended it as such to all the 
 people under their inspection." Whatever then might be effected on a gen- 
 eral scale b}^ any similar pamphlet in the form of a judicial testimony, may 
 be effected by that overture. And to emit such a testimony would only be 
 to repeat the same laborious and expensive work, without obtaining any 
 proportional advantage. 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 45 
 
 3. Could a testimony universally acceptable be prepared, it would still be 
 far from producing those beneficial effects whicli are so fondly expected. 
 
 (a) If it were to do tolerable justice to the prodigious extent of the Con- 
 fession it would swell into an immense work, of which the very bulk would 
 defeat the intention. And if it were comprised in a volume suited to the 
 leisure of an ordinary reader it would be defective, and defective, perhaps, 
 on those very points on which the occurrences of a few months might re- 
 quire it to be particular in full. 
 
 (d) It could scarcely give a correcter view of the principles of the Synod 
 than is already given in their received Confession, because it could scarcely 
 hold forth any truths which are not therein held forth, or state them, upon 
 the whole, with more luminous precision. The opinion that such a testi- 
 mony is needful to ascertain the Synod's principles is a direct impeachment 
 of the Confession itself; since, if they are not sufficiently ascertained by 
 this, it must be either lame or ambiguous; and then the church demands 
 not a separate testimony but an aviendcd Confession. If any parts of it are 
 differently interpreted and abused to the promotion of error these ought to 
 be explained in detached acts, and such explanation belongs strictly to the 
 province of occasional testimonies. 
 
 {c) It could not deter from application for ministerial or Christian com- 
 munion with the Synod any who are not really friendly to the doctrine of 
 grace, since one who can profess an attachment to the Confession of Faith, 
 while he is secretly hostile to its truths, is too far advanced in dishonesty to 
 be impeded for a moment by any testimony which the wisdom of man can 
 frame. 
 
 (a') It could not silence the objections and cavils of such as incline to 
 misrepresent the principles and character of the Synod, since it is impos- 
 sible to satisfy with anything those who are determined to be satisfied with 
 nothing. The very uncandid manner in which the Synod have already been 
 often treated, both in Britain and America, leaves little reason to hope their 
 plainest declarations will not be perverted, and their most upright intentions 
 misconstrued. 
 
 (e) It could not lift up a perpetual banner for truth, since from the ever- 
 fluctuating state of religious controversy, and the impossibility of foresee- 
 ing the different shapes which error may assume, some parts of it would 
 gradually grow obsolete, while some would be deficient; and the same ne- 
 cessity for occasional testimonies would still remain. In the nature of things, 
 moreover, it would after a short time, at most a few years, be out of print 
 and out of date, and ceasing to interest the public curiosity, would utterly 
 fail of accomplishing its end. There is also solid reason to fear that in the 
 present unhappy contentions which divide the church it would be used by 
 too many as the rallying point of party, and would inflame those wounds in 
 the body of Christ which it should be our study and prayer to have speedily 
 and thoroughly healed. 
 
 While these and similar reasons impel the Synod to decline issuing such a 
 testimony as hath been desired, there are others which persuade them that 
 the plan on which, as the Lord in His providence hath called them, they 
 have hitherto acted, and on which they are resolved to act in future — the 
 plan of emitting occasional testimonies — includes all the excellencies of that 
 
46 HISTORY OF 
 
 which they reject, is free from its embarrassments, and is calculated to pro- 
 duce real and permanent good. 
 
 As witnesses of the Most High, Christians are especially bound to avow 
 and to defend those truths which are more immediately decried, and to op- 
 pose those errors which immediately prevail. This is termed by the spirit 
 of God being "established in the present truth.' ^ It is the very essence of a 
 judicious testimony; nor is there any way in which judicatories can so well 
 maintain it as in serious and scriptural occasional acts. Of this method of 
 testifying there are plain and numerous traces in the Holy Scriptures and in 
 the pious practice of the primitive church. 
 
 Such testimonies have, moreover, several advantages: 
 
 They are brief: so that a reader of ordinary diligence can, in a very little 
 time, make himself perfectly master of their contents. 
 
 They are pointed : and by singling out the error which is doing present 
 mischief, they give more effectual warning oi present danger than could pos- 
 sibly be done if they were interspersed through a large and general publica- 
 tion. 
 
 They are neiu : and for this very reason they arrest the attention of men 
 more than if they were diffused through an older and more extended work, 
 however excellent. They may also throw fresh light upon received truths, 
 and make a deeper impression on the mind than if met with in the course 
 of ordinary reading. 
 
 They furnish special topics for religious conversation: and by fixing the 
 thoughts of pious people on a particular subject render them greatly instru- 
 mental in edifying each other. 
 
 As they confine the attention of judicatories within a small compass, there 
 is a better prospect of their being executed with ability and success. 
 
 They serve to cement the affections of judicatories and their people, as 
 they oblige the former to watch, with peculiar zeal, over the interests of the 
 latter, and afford the latter continual and endearing proofs of the faithful- 
 ness of the former. 
 
 They are frequent: and thus have a happy tendency to keep alive the 
 spirit of honest testimony for Jesus Christ, which would slumber much 
 deeper and much longer were that duty supposed to be discharged in a soli- 
 tary volume. 
 
 They will form, collectively, a more complete and useful vindication of 
 truth than could be expected if the different branches of it were all to be 
 discussed in a continued work. 
 
 They will show posterity what were the truths which, in a peciiliar man- 
 ner, their fathers were honored to maintain. 
 
 Because the Synod would not include the Scottish cove- 
 nants in its standards, and declined to issue a Judicial Testi- 
 mony, the Rev. Matthew Henderson, of Chartiers, in Wash- 
 ington Co., Pa., left the Associate Reformed Church in 1789 
 and united with the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, 
 Five or six years afterward the Rev. John Smith, of Octoraro, 
 Lancaster Co., Pa., pursued the same course, and professedly 
 for the same reasons. 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 47 
 
 It will be recollected that in the first article of the Little 
 Constitution, where adherence to the Westminster Confession 
 of Faith is professed, the Synod expressly excepted those sec- 
 tions of Chapters 20 and 23 and 31, which define the power of 
 civil government in relation to religion, and reserved them 
 ' ' for candid discussion on some future occasion as God shall 
 be pleased to direct." These sections were under discussion 
 at several meetings of the Synod, and in 1798 it was resolved 
 to alter the text of the Confession so as to free it from all 
 Erastianism, and make the church independent of the State 
 in all matters of government and discipline. At the same 
 time and for the same purpose the word authorizing was sub- 
 stituted for the word tolerating in the enumeration of the sins 
 forbidden by the second commandment, as given in the Larger 
 Catechism. Because of these alterations of the Confession of 
 Faith the Rev. Alexander McCoy and the Rev. Robert War- 
 wick, both of the Presbytery of Monongahela, protested and 
 left the church, and on the 27th of Jan., 1801, at Washing- 
 ton, Pa., "constituted themselves into a Presbytery, under 
 the denomination of the Reformed Dissenting Presbytery. ' ' 
 
 Thus sixteen years were spent in formulating the standards 
 of the church ; and having settled all things to their mind, the 
 Synod, at its meeting at Greencastle, Pa., on the 31st of May, 
 1799, "judicially ratified " and "declared the aforesaid Con- 
 fession of Faith, Larger and Shorter Catechisms, together 
 with the Government and Discipline of the Church, and the 
 Directories for Public and Private Worship, to be the Consti- 
 tution and Standards of the Associate Reformed Church 
 in all matters relating to Doctrine, Government, Discipline 
 and Worship. ' ' They declared this to be their fixed testi- 
 mony, and that they will "emit occasional testimonies in par- 
 ticular acts against errors and delusions." They also fixed 
 the terms of admission to membership in the church to be 
 "A profession of faith in the Holy Scriptures of the Old and 
 New Testaments as the perfect and only rule of faith and 
 practice, together with an approbation of the Confession of 
 Faith, Larger and Shorter Catechisms, Form of Church Gov- 
 ernment and Directories for Worship, as therein received; a 
 holy life and conversation, and subjection to the Order and 
 Discipline of the Church. ' ' 
 
48 HISTORY OF 
 
 The Third Presbytery appointed a meeting to be held in 
 Londonderry, New Hampshire, on the 13th of Feb., 1783, for 
 the pnrpose of ordaining William Morrison and installing 
 him as pastor of the Second or West Parish of Londonderry. 
 When the time came no members appeared except Mr. David 
 Annan and his elder, who were not snflEicient to constitute a 
 Presbytery, but the Rev. Samuel Taggart, pastor of the Pres- 
 byterian Church in Coleraine, Mass., was present with the 
 avowed intention of uniting with the Associate Reformed 
 Presbytery at that meeting. Making a virtue of necessity, 
 Mr. Annan admitted Mr. Taggart to membership, and they 
 then constituted as a Presbytery and ordained Mr. Morrison. 
 These facts were reported to Synod at its next meeting, when 
 an act was passed sustaining the validity of Mr. Morrison's 
 ordination, but condemning sharply the irregularity of the 
 whole proceedings. 
 
 In 1786 the Presbyteries were re-arranged by Synod, and 
 Dr. Robert Annan of Boston, David Annan of Peterborough, 
 N. H., Samuel Taggart of Coleraine, Mass., and William Mor- 
 rison of Londonderry, N. H. , were erected into a new Presby- 
 tery, to be known as the Presbytery of Londonderry. On the 
 19th of Oct., 1791, the Synod changed the name of the Pres- 
 bytery to that of the Presbytery of New England. This Pres- 
 bytery, and an independent Presbytery composed of some 
 of the Irish congregations which still lingered, and known 
 by the name of "The Presbytery of the Eastward," coalesced 
 at Londonderry on the 25th of Oct., 1793, and formed what 
 they called the Presbytery of Londonderry. This was done 
 without the knowledge or authority of the Associate Re- 
 formed Synod, but it still claimed jurisdiction over its New 
 England Presbytery, by whatever name it might choose to 
 call itself, and whatever affiliations it might make. This 
 coalesced Presbytery, however, was very careful to hold itself 
 aloof from the Synod, and was composed of Messrs. D. 
 Annan, S. Taggart, W. Morrison and A. Oliver, (Associate 
 Reformed,) and of Jonathan Brown, D. Dana, Mr. Ewer, 
 Solomon Moor, W. Pidgeon and S. Tomb, from the Presby- 
 tery of the Eastward. The Presbyterian congregations in 
 New England felt the influence of their surroundings, and 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 49 
 
 were gradually yielding to Congregationalism in the matters 
 of praise, and discipline, and government, and the Synod re- 
 buked the Presbytery for its laxity, but without accomplishing 
 ing any reformation. Finally, in 1796, the Synod appointed 
 two of its ministers to visit the Presbytery and try to reclaim 
 them. This committee was providentially hindered from 
 going, but Dr. J. M. Mason, in its name, wrote a very earnest 
 and able letter, expostulating with the Presbytery on their 
 irregularities, and sustaining the ground taken by the Synod. 
 Mr. Morrison answered for the Presbytery, and stated that 
 the action of the Synod on the subject of Psalmody and Com- 
 munion was not acceptable to their people generally, and 
 then avowed their independence, and declared that "This 
 Presbytery consider themselves, with Divine aid, competent 
 to all the purposes of judicial authority in the churches or 
 societies under their care; are best acquainted with their 
 customs, temper, and manners, and their situation with re- 
 spect to other denominations." The Presbytery continued 
 to maintain its independence, and the Synod, in 1801, erased 
 its name from the roll and declared it as being no longer "in 
 their connection." Thus perished Associate Reformed Pres- 
 byterianism in New England until resuscitated in 1846 by Dr. 
 Blaikie. This lyondonderry Presbytery remained independ- 
 ent until 1809, when it put itself under the care of the 
 Presbyterian Synod of Albany, and is still connected with 
 the Presbyterian church. 
 
 In 1798 the Synod of the Reformed Dutch Church made 
 overtures for a union of the Presbyterian, the Associate Re- 
 formed and the Dutch Churches. Committees were appointed 
 and a platform for more intimate relations was drafted. 
 This scheme was approved by the Dutch Synod of 1799, but 
 disapproved of by the other bodies. It may be mentioned in 
 this connection that in 1820 the General Synod of the Asso- 
 ciate Reformed Church appointed a committee to confer with 
 any committee which might be appointed by the Dutch 
 Synod on the subject of effecting a union between the two 
 churches. A committee was appointed, and they agreed 
 upon a basis containing eight articles, the first of which was, 
 "The two Churches to be united under the style and title of 
 4 
 
50 HISTORY OF 
 
 the Reformed Protestant Church of North Atnerica.'''' The 
 Dutch Synod overtured the plan to its Classes, and they re- 
 ported almost unanimously in its favor, but the Associate 
 Reformed Synod, in 182 1, declined "for the present all 
 further proceedings relative thereto, resting satisfied with the 
 continuance of the established plan of intercourse and corres- 
 pondence. ' ' This change of course arose most likely from 
 the fact that the party which had inaugurated it was now en- 
 gaged in a negotiation for union with the General Assembly 
 of the Presbyterian Church, and they regarded this latter 
 scheme with greater favor. 
 
 When the Synod had grown until it embraced seven Pres- 
 byteries, nearly forty ministers, and about five thousand com- 
 municants, and scattered from New York to Georgia, it was 
 deemed expedient to organize a delegated supreme judica- 
 tory, so as to lessen, as far as possible, the slow and toilsome 
 travel required of those upon the outskirts of the church. 
 On the 22d of Oct., 1802, at a meeting in New York, the 
 church was divided into four Synods, subordinate to a dele- 
 gated General Synod. The Synod of New York was to be 
 composed of the Presbyteries of New York and Washington, 
 and to hold its first meeting at Newburgh, N. Y., on the last 
 Friday of May, 1803, to be opened with a sermon by William 
 McAuley. The Synod of Pennsylvania to be composed of the 
 Presbyteries of Philadelphia and Big Spring, to meet at 
 Marsh Creek, Adams Co., Pa., on the 25th of May, 1803, and 
 to be opened with a sermon by Dr. R. Annan. The Synod 
 of Scioto to be composed of the Presbyteries of Monongahela 
 and Kentucky, to meet at Chillicothe, O. , on the 2d of May, 
 1804, and to be opened with a sermon by Adam Rankin. 
 The Synod of the Carolinas to be composed of the First and 
 Second Presbyteries of the Carolinas and Georgia, to meet at 
 Ebenezer Church, Fairfield District, S. C, on the 27th of 
 April, 1803, to be opened with a sermon by James Rogers. 
 The General Synod held its first meeting at Greencastle, 
 Franklin Co., Pa., on the 30th of May, 1804, and was opened 
 with a sermon by Dr. John M. Mason, from Titus i. 9, 
 "Holding fast the faithful word." The eight Presbyteries 
 were all represented. The Rev. Alexander Dobbin was 
 chosen moderator and the Rev. James Gray stated clerk. 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 5 1 
 
 In 1801 the Synod resolved to establish a Theological Sem- 
 inary with a more complete organization and a more exten- 
 sive course of study than anything yet attempted in the 
 United States. For the accomplishment of this work Dr. 
 Mason visited Great Britain for the collection of funds and 
 of books for a library, in both of which he was quite success- 
 ful. The Seminary was opened in New York City in 1805, 
 with Dr. Mason as principal Professor and eight students in 
 attendance. It was suspended in its operations in 1821, after 
 educating in whole or in part ninety-six students, many of 
 whom, however, were in no way connected with the Associate 
 Reformed Church. 
 
 The General Synod did its work smoothly and successfully 
 for six or seven years, and then trouble came. When the 
 Associate Reformed Church was organized the Confession of 
 Faith was adopted, pure and simple, as we have seen, with- 
 out any explanation or limitation. Consequently the law of 
 the Church on the subject of comniiuiioii was contained in the 
 twenty-sixth chapter and second section, which reads thus: 
 "Saints by profession are bound to maintain a holy fellow- 
 ship and communion in the worship of God, and in perform- 
 ing such other spiritual services as tend to their mutual edi- 
 fication, as also in relieving each other in outward things, 
 according to their several abilities and necessities, which 
 communion, as God ofFereth opportunity, is to be extended 
 to all those who in every place call on the name of the Lord 
 Jesus." The Synod, however, felt the necessity of some 
 limitation, and at its first meeting placed in the Little Con- 
 stitution the following article: "The members of Synod 
 * * * are willing, as God offereth opportunity, to extend 
 communion to all who in every place call on the name of the 
 Lord Jesus, in conformity to His will; but as occasional 
 communion, in a divided state of the church, may produce 
 great disorders if it be not conducted with much wisdom and 
 moderation, they esteem themselves and the people under 
 their inspection inviolably bound, in all ordinary cases^ to 
 submit to every restriction of their liberty which general edi- 
 fication renders necessary. ' ' To this an explanatory note was 
 appended, in which it is stated that "The principle expressed 
 
52 HISTORY OF 
 
 in this article is not a new principle adopted by the Synod. 
 It is one of the received principles adopted by the Secession, 
 and it is set in a very strong light in Chapter XXVI. of the 
 Confession of Faith. * * * Nq objection can therefore 
 be jnstly stated against it as it stands in the article but what 
 may be made to it as it stands in the Confession of Faith. 
 The application of the principle to particular cases may in- 
 deed be attended with some difficulties. We are not, how- 
 ever, accountable for these difficulties, as they arise from the 
 divided state of the Church of Christ. The article is guarded, 
 and cannot, without the most evident perversion, be con- 
 strued as a license to hold unscriptural communion with 
 other churches. It is the intention of the Synod not to go 
 into connections with any denomination which are incon- 
 sistent with the spirit of what is usually called the cove- 
 nanted reformation." The overture which was laid before 
 Synod in 1789, and approved in 1790, declares in its illustra- 
 tions of Chapter XXVI., among other things, "That a tem- 
 porar>', or what is called occasional communion with sister 
 churches may lawfully, in some instances, take place, is what 
 no man of understanding, who is not much pinched to sup- 
 port some favorite and false hypothesis, will deny. The 
 terms of it are not materially different from the terms of 
 stated communion, only making allowance for a variety in 
 innocent customs and forms. * * * gy occasional com- 
 munion we do not mean the admitting a person to our com- 
 munion whom it would be sinful to continue in it, but a per- 
 son who, on account of local circumstances, cannot continue 
 in it." When this overture was under discussion in the 
 Synod of 1789, Messrs. Henderson, Smith and Logan, gave 
 in a paper at an extra-judicial conference among the mem- 
 bers, in which, with some other demands, they ask: "Will 
 this Synod give up the scheme of occasional communion in 
 all ordinary cases and confine the privilege to the members of 
 our own church ? " It was promptly replied ' ' that the Synod 
 never meant to allow it except in extraorditiary cases." 
 
 To condense and formulate, the established law of the new 
 church was that organic union was not necessary for com- 
 munion, yet as the Church of Christ was divided, and errors 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 53 
 
 were taught in some of its branches, lest these errors might 
 be countenanced and discipline relaxed, communion in all 
 ordinary cases should be confined to its members, and in ex- 
 traordmary cases extended only to such as might under 
 favorable circumstances be admitted to full communion; and 
 this remained the law of the Associate Reformed Church in 
 all its Synods down till the union of 1858. 
 
 On the 25th of May, 1810, Dr. J. M. Mason resigned the 
 pastoral care of the Cedar St. Church in New York, and with 
 a small colony commenced the work of building up a third 
 Associate Reformed congregation in the city. He had great 
 difficulty in getting a suitable house in which to hold his 
 services until their own church building should be erected in 
 Murray street. In their strait the trustees of the Presbyterian 
 congregation, of which the Rev. Dr. Romeyn was pastor, 
 ojBfered the use of their building at all such times as would 
 not interfere with their own services. This was gladly ac- 
 cepted, and Dr. Mason held his services immediately after 
 the conclusion of Dr. Romeyn' s in both the forenoon and 
 afternoon. A large part of Dr. Romeyn' s people were in the 
 habit of remaining to hear Dr. Mason, and in this way the 
 two congregations became very intimate. When the time 
 came for Dr. Mason's first communion his session resolved, 
 in view of the intimate relations of the two congregations, 
 and of the hospitality which they were receiving, to in- 
 vite Dr. Romeyn' s congregation to unite with them. This 
 was accepted, and when Dr. Romeyn' s communion occurred 
 the courtesy was reciprocated. This was certainly a new 
 departure in the history of the Associate Reformed Church, 
 for the practice of her ministers had always been even more 
 conservative and restrictive than her laws, and became the 
 subject of very serious consideration by General Synod at its 
 meeting in May, 181 1. After all the facts had been ascer- 
 tained, Messrs. Henderson and Dick moved, "That the 
 Synod do declare their decided disapprobation of the deport- 
 ment of said brethren (Mason, Matthews and Clarke) in the 
 premises, and command them to return to the established 
 order of this church." This was negatived, and the follow- 
 ing resolution, offered by Messrs. Dickey and Porter, was 
 
54 HISTORY OF 
 
 adopted, with only three negative votes: "That the judica- 
 tories, ministers and members of the church be and they 
 hereby are entreated and required to exercise mutual forbear- 
 ance in the premises; and in the use of their discretion to 
 observ-e mutual tenderness and brotherly love, studying to 
 avoid whatever may be contrary thereto, and giving special 
 heed to the preservation of sound and efficient discipline." 
 Upon this occasion Dr. Mason made a speech of over three 
 hours, which was regarded as the ablest effort of his life, and 
 was long known among his contemporaries as the mighty 
 speech. He contended that his congregation had not violated 
 the law of the church, because their circumstances were very 
 peculiar and extraordinar}', and that they had simply yielded 
 to the necessities of their condition, and it was neither their 
 desire nor intention to continue to do so after the completion 
 of their own building. 
 
 The action of General Synod gave great offence to the 
 Synod of Scioto, which called a special meeting to condemn 
 it. Remonstrances and petitions were brought up to every 
 meeting of General Synod for several }^ears from the Presby- 
 teries of Kentucky and Monongahela, but nothing was accom- 
 plished. As a consequence of this controversy. Dr. Mason 
 published, in 1816, his Plea for Sacramental Communion on 
 Catholic Pri?icipies^ in which he took grounds much in ad- 
 vance of what he had maintained in his speech before Synod, 
 that the '''' 7nembers who hold acknowledged communion with 
 the Head^ whatever be their subordinate variance, ought also 
 to hold communion with each other in those ordinances which 
 mark their communion with the Head." He never favored 
 indiscriminate or promiscuous communion; he insisted upon 
 judging whether a man really was in communion with the 
 "//<?«<3f" before he would acknowledge him to be a '''' 7nem- 
 ber. ' ' He defended the ' ' doctrines of grace ' ' with perhaps 
 more zeal and ability than any man of his day, and to the 
 last refused to hold "Christian fellowship with men who cor- 
 rupt those precious doctrines which relate to the person, of- 
 fices or work of the Saviour, to the way of the sinner's accept- 
 ance with God, or to the renewing and sanctifying work of 
 the Spirit." 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 55 
 
 The necessity for some improvement in the Scottish ver- 
 sion of the Psalms was soon and strongly felt by the Associate 
 Reformed Church, and the General Synod, in 18 10, unani- 
 mously ''''Resolved^ That Drs. Mason and Gray, with Messrs. 
 John X. Clark, James M. Matthews and Alexander Proudfit 
 be and hereby are appointed a committee to procure an im- 
 proved version of Scriptural Psalmody, and to have the same 
 in readiness for such order as the General Synod shall see 
 meet to make at the next stated meeting." Nothing valuable 
 grew out of this movement, but this subject became incident- 
 ally mixed up with the communion controversy, and in 1816 
 the General Synod, against considerable and earnest opposi- 
 tion, passed a resolution to allow congregations to use the 
 version of the Psalms prepared by the Reformed Dutch 
 Church. Only two or three congregations availed themselves 
 of this liberty, and they only for a very short time. 
 
 The Synod soon began to give decided evidence of prema- 
 ture decay. Different causes combined to produce this. The 
 communion and the Psalmody controversies did much towards 
 dividing the church and alienating the confidence of brethren. 
 Two or three unpleasant cases of discipline helped to weaken 
 the bond of affection, particularly the quarrel between Mr. 
 Rankin and Mr. Bishop, which was adjudicated by a commis- 
 sion of the General Synod in such a way as to satisfy neither 
 party and pretty thoroughly ruin the fortunes of the Kentucky 
 Presbytery. There may have been a little lordly domination 
 on the part of some; there certainly was considerable jealousy 
 and suspicion on the part of others. The General Synod 
 met every year in Philadelphia, and the delegates from the 
 Synods of Scioto and the Carolinas, who had always to travel 
 on horseback, could not as a general thing attend, and the 
 power of the church became centralized and fell into the 
 hands of a few. In 1817 the Synod of Scioto asked that the 
 General Synod should meet, occasionally at least, in a more 
 western and central place than Philadelphia, or, if this could 
 not be done, that the church should be divided into two or 
 more separate and independent Synods. Both of these re- 
 quests were refused. The result of all these things combined 
 was that the Synod of Scioto, at its meeting at Rush Creek, 
 
56 HISTORY OF 
 
 Fairfield Co., O., on the 27th of April, 1820, constituted itself 
 into an independent Synod, under the title of the Associate 
 Refor77ied Synod of the West. In 182 1 the Synod of theCaro- 
 linas petitioned the General Synod for a separate and inde- 
 pendent organization. This was granted, and on the ist of 
 April, 1822, it so constituted itself as the Associate Reformed 
 Synod of the South. This left only the Synods of New York 
 and Pennsylvania in connection with the General Synod. 
 
 When General Synod met in Philadelphia in May, 182 1, 
 an overture was received from the General Assembly of the 
 Presbyterian Church, then and there in session, proposing an 
 organic union of the two churches. Committees were ap- 
 pointed by both bodies to conduct the negotiations, and the 
 following plan was agreed upon as a basis of union, viz: i. 
 That the "different Presbyteries of the Associate Reformed 
 Church should either retain their separate organization or be 
 amalgamated with those of the General Assembly at their own 
 choice." 2. That "the Theological Seminary at Princeton, 
 under the care of the General Assembly, and the Theological 
 Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church should be con- 
 solidated." 3, That "the Theological Library and funds be- 
 longing to the Associate Reformed Church should be trans- 
 ferred, and belong to the Seminary at Princeton." This plan 
 was overtured to the Presbyteries. 
 
 The General Synod met in Philadelphia on the 15th of 
 May, 1822. Of the twenty-two delegates commissioned only 
 sixteen attended. The Presbytery at Washington was en- 
 tirely unrepresented, and there was one delegate absent from 
 Saratoga and another from Big Spring. The overture in 
 reference to union with the Presbyterian Church was taken 
 up, and the Presbyteries of Washington and Saratoga reported 
 unanimously against it; Big Spring against it, with a small 
 minority in favor; New York and Philadelphia in favor, with 
 a small minority in each against it. Notwithstanding this 
 Presbyterial rejection, the subject was discussed at length for 
 parts of four days, and then on Tuesday, the 21st of May, it 
 was resolved ' ' That this Synod approve and hereby do ratify 
 the plan of union between the General Assembly of the Pres- 
 byterian Church and the Associate Reformed Church, pro- 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 57 
 
 posed by commissioners from said churches." The vote 
 stood: 
 
 YEAS. 
 
 Rev. James Laurie, D. D. , of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. 
 
 Rev. Ebenezer Dickey, D. D., " 
 
 Rev. John M. Duncan, " 
 
 Elder Joseph Nourse, " 
 
 Elder James Martin, " 
 
 Elder Robert Patterson, " 
 
 Elder John Forsyth, of Murray St. Ch., N. Y. Pres. 
 
 NAYS. 
 
 Rev. Robert Forrest, of the Presbytery of Saratoga. 
 
 Rev. James Otterson, " " 
 
 Elder James Leffertz, " " 
 
 Rev. Thomas Smith, of the Presbytery of Big Spring. 
 
 Elder James McCulloch, " " 
 
 SILENT. 
 
 Rev. William W. Phillips, of the Presbytery of New York. 
 Rev. Robert B. E. McLeod, " " 
 
 Elder Robert Blake, " " 
 
 Rev. John Lind, of the Presbytery of Big Spring. 
 
 Objection was made by Mr. Smith that seven yeas did not 
 constitute a majority of the Synod, and that the resolution 
 was not adopted. The moderator. Dr. Laurie, decided that 
 silent votes were to be reckoned with the majority, and that 
 the resolution was carried. Those who voted in the minority 
 protested against this action, because it was against the voice 
 of the church, as a majority of its congregations, ministers 
 and Presbyteries, were opposed to the union; and because it 
 "was effected by the delegates from the Presbytery of Phila- 
 delphia alone, only one member from the remaining four Pres- 
 byteries voting in its favor. ' ' It was well known that at least 
 Jive of the six absent delegates were opposed to the union. 
 
 A committee was appointed to transfer the library and the 
 funds from New York to Princeton, and to report to the Gen- 
 eral Assembly. Mr. J. Arbuckle, the stated clerk of Synod, 
 and also pastor-elect of the Spruce St. Church in Philadel- 
 phia, was one of this committee, and he asked and obtained 
 
58 HISTORY OF 
 
 leave of absence that he might go immediately to New York 
 and attend to these removals before any legal obstacles could 
 •be placed in the way. The General Assembly was at once 
 advised of all this action, and a union thanksgiving was held 
 the next day in the Assembly's house, when a psalm and a 
 hymn were sung, a prayer offered by one of each party, and 
 then the delegates to the General Synod were invited to take 
 their seats forthwith in the Assembly as constituent members. 
 Messrs. McLeod and Duncan and Elders Nourse and Patter- 
 son took their seats on the following day. The others ex- 
 cused themselves and returned home. The General Synod, 
 or the union part of it, met on Thursday morning in synodic 
 capacity, and adopted the draft of a pastoral letter to the 
 churches in explanation and defence of their course, and di- 
 rected Mr. Arbuckle, their clerk, to deposit all the minutes 
 and documents of the General Synod with the session of the 
 Spruce street congregation, "subject to the future disposal of 
 the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church." They 
 then sung, not the usual 133d Psalm, but the penitential 
 130th Psalm, and "finally adjourned." 
 
 Thus perished the old General Synod, after a somewhat 
 troubled existence of only eighteen years, and with it perished 
 the subordinate Synod of Pennsylvania, for the Presbytery of 
 Philadelphia went into the Presbyterian Church as a distinct 
 Presbyterial organization, in accordance with a provision in 
 the plan of union, and the residuary portion of the Presbytery 
 of Big Spring was gathered up by the Rev. Thomas Smith 
 and committed to the care of the Monongahela Presbytery of 
 the Synod of the West, In 1810 the General Synod passed 
 an act "intermitting the functions of the subordinate Syn- 
 ods," and it is believed that the Synod of Pennslyvania obeyed 
 this injunction and ceased to meet, so that as an intermediate 
 court between its Presbyteries and the General Synod it had 
 passed out of existence several years previously. 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 59 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synod of New York. 
 
 THE General Synod's act of 1810, intermitting the func- 
 tions of the subordinate Synods, was disregarded by the 
 Synod of New York. At its next meeting it remonstrated 
 against the act, and continued on in its course. In the au- 
 tumn of 181 2 it adjourned at Broadalbin to meet in New York 
 city in May, 1814. This meeting did not take place, neither 
 did it meet again until February, 1822. The meeting ap- 
 pointed for 1814 was most likely prevented by the unsettled 
 state of the country, produced by the war then existing be- 
 tween the United States and Great Britain. The subsequent 
 meetings were omitted from a sheer want of interest. The 
 bitter and personal cotroversies upon Psalmody and commun- 
 ion had so distracted and disheartened many of the ministers 
 that they felt very much like letting everything outside of 
 their pastoral charges go by default. The spirit of the body 
 had been largely destroyed, but the action of the General 
 Synod in 1821, in reference to a union with the Presbyterian 
 Church, roused these northern ministers from their lethargy, 
 and they resolved to labor still for the welfare of their mother 
 church. Dr. Robert Proudfit, moderator of the Synod of 
 1812, called a special meeting at Galway, Feb. 13th, 1822. 
 This meeting was well attended by ministers and elders from 
 the Presbyteries of Washington and Saratoga. One elder 
 only attended from the Presbytery of New York. The two 
 following resolutions were passed with but one dissenting 
 vote, that of the Rev. E. K. Maxwell, of Delhi: '^Resolved, 
 That, in the opinion of this Synod, the union proposed with 
 the General Assembly is inexpedient, and calculated to dis- 
 turb the peace of our churches. Resolved^ That this Synod 
 will maintain its existence in its present form, whatever be 
 
6o HISTORY OF 
 
 the decision of the General Synod upon the contemplated 
 union," It was then resolved to hold the next regular meet- 
 ing at Newburgh, on the 13th of the following September. 
 
 The Synod met in Newburgh, according to appointment, 
 and was opened with a sermon from Col. i. 28, by the Rev. 
 James Scrimgeour, senior minister, and was by him consti- 
 tuted with prayer. This was its first meeting as an indepen- 
 dent and supreme judicatory, and the Court of Chancery of 
 New Jersey subsequently decided that it was the successor of 
 the General Synod, or at least next of kin, and thus its legal 
 heir. It contained thirteen ministers and about twenty-five 
 congregations, some of which were very feeble. 
 
 In 1824 the Synod resolved to organize itself into a Domes- 
 tic Missionary Society, with an annual sermon, and subordi- 
 nate societies in all the congregations, which should hold 
 monthly meetings for prayer and information. The machin- 
 ery was rather clumsy, and yet it was the means of developing 
 considerable missionary spirit, and of securing liberal con- 
 tributions. 
 
 In 1823 propositions came from the West and from the 
 South for some closer connection of the several fragments of 
 the Associate Reformed Church. Negotiations upon this sub- 
 ject were carried on for five years, and a convention of dele- 
 gates from the three Synods was held at Pittsburgh, in Sep- 
 tember of 1827, when a plan for the reorganization of a 
 General Synod was agreed upon. The Synods did not ap- 
 prove of the plan. The objections were the great extent of 
 territory and the toil and expense of travel. The Synods, 
 however, resolved to recognize each other as sister churches, 
 and to reciprocate Christian and ministerial fellowship, and 
 to accredit testimonials of private members, probationers and 
 ministers precisely in the same manner as if they were con- 
 nected in one ecclesiastical organization. 
 
 During the month of September, 1826, William Morgan, 
 of Batavia, N. Y., for revelations made by him, was abducted 
 by some of his brother Masons and taken, by relays of horses, 
 through Caledonia and Canandaigua, and back through Ro- 
 chester and Lockport to the mouth of the Niagara river, and 
 there put into a boat at night and taken out into Lake Onta- 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 6l 
 
 rio and seen no more. This produced a very great outburst of 
 feeling throughout the whole country, and especially in west- 
 ern New York. As it took place within the territory of the 
 Synod of New York it was very natural that the subject of 
 Masonry should come up before the Synod as a moral ques- 
 tion, and it did in 1828, when, after mature deliberation, it 
 was ''''Resolved^ That the multiplication and the nature of 
 the oaths administered in the Masonic lodges are unwarranted 
 in the word of God and demoralizing in their tendency; and 
 that our church members be and are hereby enjoined not to 
 connect themselves with the society; and any who may have 
 been initiated are affectionately recommended to withdraw 
 from any further connection with this institution. ' ' Excite- 
 ment continued and even increased in both church and State, 
 so that in 1830 it was further enacted "That this Synod will 
 and hereby do express their decided disapprobation of the 
 principles and usages of Free Masonry, as far as known to 
 them, and warn their people solemnly and affectionately 
 against all connection with the institution. That it be and 
 hereby is enjoined upon church sessions, under the inspection 
 of this Synod, to adopt the most prudent and effective meas- 
 ures to remove the contamination from our churches." A 
 few private members of the church in Delaware county asked 
 the privilege of retaining a silent membership in Masonry, by 
 simply paying their dues without meeting in the lodge. But 
 the Synod in 1831 answered "That the act of Synod, adopted 
 at its last meeting, requires them to withdraw entirely from 
 all connection with and subjection to the society of Free Ma- 
 sons. " This position of Synod was never afterward ques- 
 tioned or modified or in any way disturbed. 
 
 In the early part of the XlXth century the use of ardent 
 spirits by ministers as well as laymen was almost universal. 
 Good men had not yet learned that there might be a criminal 
 temptation in the mere use of intoxicating drinks as a bever- 
 age. They were free to condemn drunkenness as a sin, but 
 they supposed that its sinfulness arose from the abuse of that 
 which, in moderation, was lawful. In 1828 the Synod of 
 New York pronounced intemperance ' ' a great and prevailing 
 evil in our country," and directed its ministers "to preach 
 
62 HISTORY OF 
 
 against this vice, and that they and their elders show an ex- 
 ample of the strictest temperance, abstaining in this matter 
 even from the appearance of evil." The custom of the coun- 
 try hitherto had been to have the bottle always upon the 
 dinner table, upon all special occasions, whether it was at 
 a Synod or a Presbytery, at a marriage or a funeral; but a 
 public opinion began now to grow rapidly, which challenged 
 the propriety and correctness of such a custom, and under its 
 quickening influence the Synod in 1829 passed the following 
 preamble and resolution: "Whereas, The expression of 
 opinion, corroborated by a corresponding practice, has here- 
 tofore and in other cases been useful in arresting the progress 
 of intemperance ; therefore, Resolved^ That this Synod disap- 
 prove of the use of spirituous liquors as a beverage, and that 
 they will themselves entirely abstain from it in all their 
 meetings, and recommend to Presbyteries and Sessions to do 
 the same." Temperance societies began to spring up, in 
 which the members pledged themselves at first to a modified 
 and restricted use of liquors, and finally to a total abstinence. 
 In 1833 the Synod passed an act approving of "the establish- 
 ment of Temperance Societies on scriptural principles, and 
 cordially recommends it to the members of the churches 
 under its care to connect themselves with such societies." 
 The Synod had occasion to speak upon this subject at differ- 
 ent subsequent times, and always condemned the use of 
 spirituous liquors as a beverage. 
 
 The Synod soon realized the absolute necessity of having 
 some periodical under its control, or so connected with it that 
 the homes of the families of the church could be easily 
 reached through its pages. So it directed the establishment 
 of a monthly periodical, to be called the Christian Magazine^ 
 to be published in Geneva, N. Y., and to be edited by the 
 Rev. John F. McLaren. This magazine was very creditably 
 edited, and for eleven years did a good work for the church, 
 and then from sundry causes it was suspended. The want 
 of such an organ was now more painfully felt after having 
 experienced its advantages; so in 1844 Synod ordered the es- 
 tablishment of a similar magazine, to be published by the 
 Rev. David L. Proudfit, in Newburgh, N. Y., and to be 
 
ASSOICATE REFORMED SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 63 
 
 edited by the Rev. Dr. John Forsyth. This was the Chris- 
 tian Instructor^ which was transferred to the Rev. J. B. 
 Dales, in Philadelphia, in 1846, and published by him as a 
 private enterprise. In 1859 it was converted into a weekly 
 paper, and is still published in Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1835 a committee was appointed "to procure a version 
 of the inspired Book of Psalms, so as to embrace a greater 
 variety of metres, retaining our present version, with such 
 amendments as, in a few instances, will render the metre 
 more harmonious and the sense equally near the original." 
 This committee did more or less for twenty years, and the 
 fruits of its labors contributed something towards the im- 
 proved version subsequently adopted by the United Presby- 
 terian Church. This movement was not properly understood 
 by some of the congregations, and, in their misapprehension, 
 they regarded it as a covert effort to get rid of the old Psalms, 
 and from time to time memorialized Synod upon the subject. 
 Then there were two or three of the ministers who claimed 
 the privilege of conforming with the usage of other churches 
 when worshipping with them under certain circumstances. 
 These two facts conspired to bring the subject of Psalmody 
 repeatedly before the Synod. The abstract question of a 
 Scripture Psalmody was never involved in any of the debates. 
 It was simply the degree of toleration under extraordinary 
 circumstances, and the methods for the allaying of the fears 
 of the people. The following final action was unanimously 
 taken in 1842: 
 
 Whereas, The subject of Psalmody has been under consideration of 
 Synod for several years past; and whereas, fears have been entertained in 
 some parts of the church that the Synod had in contemplation to lay aside a 
 Scriptural Psalmody in singing the praises of God in His worship; the Synod 
 consider it their daty to declare that it neither has been nor is now their 
 wish or intention to lay aside the version now in use in singing the praise of 
 God in His worship; therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That the version of the Book of Psalms now in use among us 
 be exclusively used in singing the praise of God in His public and private 
 worship in all the congregations under the care of Synod. 
 
 Resolved, That when our ministers preach in other churches they be and 
 hereby are directed to adhere closely to the principle of a Scripture Psalm- 
 ody, and in no case whatever to sing compositions merely human. 
 
 The Synod in its independent career soon felt hampered 
 
64 HISTORY OF 
 
 and oppressed from a lack of ministers, and realized the im- 
 perative necessity of establishing a Theological Seminary to 
 supply the demand. Dr. Alexander Proudfit and the Rev. 
 Robert Forrest were appointed to apply to the General As- 
 sembly of the Presbyterian Church for the return of the li- 
 brary and funds of the old Seminary, which had been, in 
 1822, transferred to Princeton. This they did in 1823, but 
 met with no encouragement. The Synod got along as best 
 it could until 1829, when it was unanimously resolved "that 
 the present time is the proper time for making a beginning 
 in this good work." A course of study was adopted, Dr. 
 Joseph McCarrell was chosen professor, Newburgh, N. Y., 
 was selected as the location, and the Seminary was opened 
 in the autumn with three students. 
 
 In 1830 it was resolved to make another eflfort towards the 
 restoration of the library and funds. A memorial was drafted 
 and placed in the hands of Dr. McCarrell and John Forsyth, 
 Esq., to be presented to the next General Assembly of the 
 Presbyterian Church. It was also determined that this should 
 be the last application, and if denied should be followed with 
 a suit in the civil courts. In May, 1831, the commissioners 
 appeared before the Assembly, and their memorial was re- 
 ferred to a special committee, which brought in an adverse 
 report. The Assembly did not adopt this report, but referred 
 it and the memorial to the trustees of the Theological Semi- 
 nary at Princeton, "for the purpose of investigating the 
 claims of the memorialists, and if, in the judgment of said 
 trustees, the property in question belongs either in law or 
 equity to the Associate Reformed Synod of New York, the 
 said trustees be hereby advised by this Assembly to deliver 
 the property to the Synod aforesaid." 
 
 In April, 1832, the commissioners met with the Board of 
 Trustees at Princeton, but the Board declined to decide upon 
 the claim, and referred it back to the approaching Assembly 
 with their advice to reject it. When the subject came up in 
 the Assembly of 1832, Dr. IMcCarrell was present and asked 
 the privilege of being heard. This was refused. The read- 
 ing of a written argument prepared by him was then offered 
 and also declined. This Assembly was composed almost en- 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 65 
 
 tirely of different members from that of the previous year, 
 and they had not heard a single word in defence of the claim; 
 yet they refused to hear anything upon the subject, except 
 the report of a select committee upon the opinion or paper of 
 the trustees of the Seminary at Princeton. The conclusion 
 was soon attained, and it was a positive rejection. This shut 
 the door against all further friendly negotiation, and suit was 
 commenced at once in the Court of Chancery, in the State ot 
 New Jersey. The case lingered, like all such suits, until 
 July, 1837, when the Chancellor decided in the Synod's favor 
 on every point presented in the claim. The trustees at 
 Princeton surrendered at once the library and the fund, 
 amounting to about twenty-five hundred volumes and two 
 thousand dollars of money, all of which were transferred to 
 Newburgh, where they still remain. 
 
 The Synod having no Foreign Missionary enterprise of 
 its own, some of its ministers and congregations identified 
 themselves with the American Board of Commissioners for 
 Foreign Missions. This Board always dispensed the Lord's 
 Supper during its annual meeting. Participation in these 
 communion services became a practical question with those 
 ministers who attended its meetings, one of whom was a cor- 
 porate member of the Board. In 1838 the Synod instructed 
 against any participation on these occasions — not because it 
 was opposed to occasional communion under proper circum- 
 stances, but because the Board made all the arrangements for 
 these communion services, thereby implying that it had the 
 right to administer the sealing ordinances of the church, and 
 because of the miscellaneous character of the faith and prac- 
 tice of the crowd which partook of the Supper. To prevent 
 all misunderstanding upon this subject, and to show that the 
 Synod stood firmly upon the original doctrine and general 
 practice of the Associate Reformed Church, the following re- 
 solutions were passed at this same meeting : 
 
 Resolved, ist. That this Synod disapprove of the principle and practice 
 of open communion, or that scheme of communion which would obligate or 
 allow the ministers or members of the Associate Reformed Church to unite 
 in sacramental communion with other churches, and the ministers and mem- 
 bers of other churches to unite in communion with ours, on the ground 
 merely of a general or partial agreement of opinion respecting the doctrines 
 
 5 
 
66 HISTORY OF 
 
 set forth in our Confession of Faith; and the Synod hereby enjoin all the 
 ministers to conform to the constitutional doctrine of the Associate Reformed 
 Church. 
 
 Resolved^ 2d. That occasional communion may be granted to members of 
 other churches, only in extraordinary cases, on application made to the re- 
 spective sessions where such cases may occur, and on the same terms on 
 which applicants are received into stated communion. 
 
 These same principles were reaffirmed in 1855, when the 
 Synod united with the General Associate Reformed Synod of 
 the West, and acquiesced in by that Synod. 
 
 The subject of foreign missions was brought under special 
 consideration in 1834, when the Synod fully recognized it to 
 be a present duty to engage in this work, and directed the 
 congregations to make it a matter of special prayer and to 
 take measures for the collection of funds. In 1835 plans of 
 operation were definitely formed and a board of foreign mis- 
 sions appointed. For the sake of economy in the local ex- 
 penses on the foreign field it was agreed to cooperate for the 
 present with the "Western Foreign Missionary Society" of 
 the Presbyterian Church, located at Pittsburgh. The Rev. 
 James McEwen and wife were appointed as missionaries, and 
 sailed in November, 1835, for India. They located at Allaha- 
 bad, and met with immediate success in the gathering of a 
 school and the organization of a congregation among those 
 who were employed by the government and could speak the 
 English language. But Mr. McEwen's constitution was not 
 suited to the climate, and his health completely failed, and 
 in a little over a year he had to abandon the country and the 
 work. The Synod remained for twelve years without a mis- 
 sionary in the foreign field. Then, in December, 1850, the 
 Rev. Gillian Lansing and wife sailed to join the Syrian mis- 
 sion of the General Associate Reformed Synod of the West, 
 and others soon afterwards followed. 
 
 The anti-slavery feeling, which had been gradually and 
 steadily growing in our country during the first part of 
 this century, soon showed itself in the proceedings of the 
 Synod. Plain people cannot comprehend that system of 
 ethics which divides a man's identity, and warrants him to do 
 as a citizen that which it forbids him to do as a Christian. 
 The first memorial upon the subject of slavery came in 1837, 
 
AS.SOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 67 
 
 from the congregation in Philadelphia. During the next ten 
 years a number of memorials came from different quarters. 
 But the uniform answer of the Synod was, that having no 
 connection with slavery or slave territory, there was no call 
 for a judicial or ecclesiastical utterance. This refusal to speak 
 did not satisfy the conscience of many of the members and 
 ministers of the Church. Slavery, in its relations and its 
 spirit of extension, had become a practical question of every 
 day life. A great political party, known as the " Free Soil," 
 had sprung into existence in opposition to it ; and on the 
 other hand Congress had denied the right of petition on this 
 subject, and had passed a law making it the duty of the north- 
 ern man to help to return the fugitive slave to his southern 
 master, and had permitted slavery to be carried into territory 
 hitherto free. The Presbytery of Philadelphia, moved by 
 these aggressions, memorialized the Synod in 185 1 to issue a 
 testimony against slavery as an ' ' enormous system of immoral- 
 ity." This memorial was referred to a select committee, and 
 in due time Dr. Robert Proudfit brought in a majority report 
 and the Rev. Andrew Bower a minority report. The major- 
 ity report recommended that no testimony be issued, and the 
 reasons for this refusal were three, which may be epitomized 
 thus: First^ That "special testimonies and warnings were 
 only issued against dangerous errors and gross immoralities 
 prevailing at the time, and within the bounds of our 
 Church j" and as there was no slavery within the bounds of 
 our Synod a testimony was not called for. Second^ That 
 slaver}^ is an institution wholly under the control of civil au- 
 thority; and however iniquitous in its origin, the Church can 
 have no control over its continuance, and has neither the 
 right nor the power to abolish it, the kingdom of Christ 
 being not of this world. Third ^ That this is in accordance 
 with the original and uniform policy of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church. The report ended with a protest against 
 any insinuation that may be made that this Synod is a pro- 
 slaver>^ Synod, from either its former or its present action on 
 this subject. This report was adopted by a vote of thirteen 
 ministers and fourteeti elders in its favor, and eighteen min- 
 isters and fo2ir elders in the negative. The question of slav- 
 ery was never again brought to issue in the Synod. 
 
68 HISTORY OF 
 
 The question at issue, however, was not in reality the ab- 
 stract right or wrong of slavery, but the right and the expe- 
 diency of issuing testimonies in reference to civil institutions. 
 The writer was present at this meeting and voted in the neg- 
 ative, and deems it but just to say that every one of these 
 men who voted for the report was conscientiously and 
 avowedly opposed to slavery. The acknowledged leader, 
 who spoke two hours against synodic action, was one of the 
 first men who joined in the organization of the Republican 
 party for the avowed purpose of antagonizing slavery. He 
 did so, according to his theory, as a citizen in the perform- 
 ance of a civil duty, and not as a minister in the discharge 
 of an ecclesiatical duty. He and the most of those ministers 
 who joined with him were not only conservative by natural 
 temperament, but were now old men, whose habits of 
 thought were stereotyped. They had learned in their youth 
 that if the state must not handle things purely ecclesiastical, 
 neither must the church deal with civil institutions. They 
 held that Christians are in duty bound to leaven the world, 
 and that they must do this not in the discharge of their eccle- 
 siastical functions which are for those that are within, but by 
 carrying their educated consciences and pure morality into 
 the discharge of their duties as citizens. Thus they thought 
 and labored and died. They were good men, and greatly 
 beloved, and their memory is still fragrant. 
 
 While the union movement between the Associate and the 
 Associate Reformed Churches was slowly progressing, a pro- 
 position was made to unite the Associate Reformed Synod of 
 New York and the Associate Reformed General Synod of the 
 West into one organization. The difficulties in the way were 
 very few, and a basis was prepared by the Synod in 1854 and 
 overtured to the Presbyteries. This basis was: 
 
 1. That the Confession of Faith, Larger and Shorter Catechisms, together 
 with the Government and Discipline of the Church and the Directories for 
 Public and Private Worship, as judicially ratified by the Associate Reformed 
 Synod at Greencastle, May 31st, 1799, shall be the constitution and standards 
 of the United Church in all matters relating to doctrines, governments, dis- 
 cipline and worship, with this exception — that the appellate powers of the 
 General Synod shall be confined simply to doctrine. 
 
 2. That the institutions and property, real and personal, now or hereafter 
 to be under the control of the respective Synods, whether the legal title is 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 69 
 
 vested in them, or trustees, or individuals, shall so forever continue without 
 any interference in any manner by the General Synod or any other particular 
 Synod. 
 
 Ever>' Presbytery reported in 1855 in favor of the union on 
 this basis, A committee was appointed to carry this action 
 to the General Synod, then in session at Pittsburgh. It was 
 there accepted, and the union was consummated and arrange- 
 ments made for the first meeting of the new General Synod, 
 to be held at Allegheny City, Pa., on the 28th of May, 1856. 
 By this union the independence of the Synod, as a supreme 
 judicatory, was terminated. It brought to the new General 
 Synod 6 Presbyteries, 51 ministers, 7 licentiates, 48 congrega- 
 tions, 3,850 families, 7,700 members, a theological seminary 
 and several missionaries in the foreign field. 
 
yo HISTORY OF 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synod of the West. 
 
 THE course of the General Synod, in reference to Commu- 
 nion and Psalmody, was regarded as a grievance by the 
 Synod of Scioto, and the latter proposed in 1818 to the former 
 that it should hold its meetings in a more central place than 
 Philadelphia, that it might be more fully represented ; or 
 failing in this, that it should divide the church into two or 
 more independent Synods. The General Synod refused to do 
 either, and then appointed a commission, clothed with judi- 
 cial power, to go to Lexington and settle the troubles which 
 were then afflicting the Presbytery of Kentucky. The Synod 
 of Scioto, at its meeting in October, 1818, gave an expression 
 of its feelings by enjoining its three Presbyteries to report to 
 the next meeting their judgment whether the Synod should 
 at that meeting constitute itself into an independent Synod. 
 Guided by the reports of its Presbyteries the Synod at its next 
 meeting, on the 28th of Oct., 1819, adopted the following: 
 '''■Resolved^ That the next meeting of this Synod be held at 
 * * &c. , and that this Synod will then constitute itself in- 
 to an independent Synod, declaring, as they hereby declare, 
 their strict adherence to the Confession of Faith, Larger and 
 Shorter Catechisms, Form of Church Government and Direc- 
 tors for Worship, as received at Greencastle on the 31st of 
 May, 1799, and uniformly acted on as then understood till the 
 year 181 1, on which ground they will reciprocate ministerial 
 and Christian conmmunion with the other branches of the 
 Associate Reformed Church." 
 
 The Synod held its next meeting at Rush Creek, in Fair- 
 field Co., O. , where on the 27th of Ap., 1820, it re-affirmed 
 the resolutions of the previous meeting by a vote of seventeen 
 ayes, two nays, and two silent, and then re-constituted itself 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF THE WEST. 71 
 
 as an independent Synod, under the name of The Associate 
 Reformed Synod of the West. It contained the three Presby- 
 teries of Monongahela, Kentucky, and Ohio ; about twenty 
 ministers, several of whom were superannuated or otherwise 
 inefficient, and more than twice as many congregations, 
 many of which were very small. The Presbytery of Ken- 
 tucky had indeed but little more than a nominal existence. 
 From 1805 to 1810, the counties lying around Lexington con- 
 stituted not only the garden spot of Kentucky but also of the 
 Associate Reformed Church. This region gave more pro- 
 mise of a rich future to the church than any other section of 
 the whole country. The congregations were comparatively 
 numerous ; the Academy of Kentucky was instituted, and the 
 State endowed it with four thousand five hundred acres of 
 land ; a majority of the professors in Transylvania University 
 were ministers of the Associate Reformed Church ; even sub- 
 scriptions were offered for the founding of a western Theolo- 
 gical Seminary at Lexington, which it was expected would 
 rival the one in New York under Dr. Mason ; and such pul- 
 pit orators as Rankin, Bishop, and McCord were very scarce 
 anywhere. But unhappily brotherly love ceased to flourish 
 among the ministers, and jealousies and dissensions entered 
 the Presbytery. A blight soon passed over the fair prospect, 
 and when the Synod of the West was organized, the Aca- 
 demy of Kentucky was closed and its lands all lost, the 
 University of Transylvania was without an Associate Re- 
 formed professor, the congregations shrunk to skeletons, and 
 William H. Rainey was the only settled pastor and efficient 
 minister in the Presbytery. All this from pure mismanage- 
 ment, for the question of slavery had not yet been started to vex 
 the churches, and when it was, a few years later, all of Ken- 
 tucky became lost to the Synod. 
 
 After assuming the responsibilities of an independent body 
 the members of the Synod soon realized that the field for cul- 
 tivation was very large and that the laborers were very few. 
 They commenced at once to take measures for the training of 
 ministers, and on the 28th of May, 1825, resolved to establish 
 a theological seminary in Pittsburgh, Pa., and selected the 
 Rev. Joseph Kerr, of St. Clair congregation, as its first pro- 
 
72 HISTORY OF 
 
 fessor. This institution was opened in December, of the same 
 year, and still exists, and has educated more than seven hun- 
 dred young men for the Christian ministry. A second theo- 
 logical seminary was instituted in 1839, at Oxford, O., over 
 which the Rev. Joseph Claybaugh was called to preside. 
 
 The Synod also urged upon the Presbyteries the necessity 
 of establishing classical schools or academies within their 
 bounds, that they might become feeders to the Seminary by 
 giving the facilities for the preparator}^ education. Quite a 
 number of such schools were organized and conducted with 
 efficiency and success. As an additional inducement and 
 help, 2^ young men'' s fiuid ^2.?> established in 1826 to aid indi- 
 gent and pious young men in preparing for the ministry. 
 From it young men could borrow to a certain amount and 
 return the principal within five years, free of interest. It was 
 the best the church could then afford, and it answered its pur- 
 pose, for it helped many students into the ministry, without 
 doing anything towards pauperizing them in fact or in spirit. 
 
 The First Presbytery of Ohio found some difficulty in de- 
 termining whether the organization of a congregation was 
 complete without <f^<a;^<9«i-, and referred the question in 1824 
 to the Synod. The matter was kept under consideration for 
 a number of years, and then indefinitely postponed. The 
 prevailing opinion in Synod seemed to be that, as every lower 
 office is included in those above, and as the Apostles did not 
 evolve the office of deacon till the ministrations to the poor 
 became so burdensome as to require a distinct class of men to 
 conduct them, so every congregation should be left to deter- 
 mine for itself when it may become necessary to evolve the 
 office of deacon out of the office of ruling elder, and that the 
 condition of one congregation should not be a law unto an- 
 other. 
 
 There was a time when most of the earnest, active anti- 
 slavery sentiment in the country existed in the slaveholding 
 States. Those who gave the original impulse to the anti- 
 slavery sentiment in the church of the West, were generally 
 those who had emigrated from the South. At a meeting of 
 the Synod at Chillicothe, O., in May, 1826, a memorial upon 
 the subject of slavery came from the congregation of Hope- 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF THE WEST. 73 
 
 well, Preble Co. , O. , a congregation which came as a colony 
 from South Carolina. This started a series of discussions, 
 which passed from synod to synod, until, at a meeting in 
 Chillicothe again in 1830, the following was adopted: 
 
 1. Resolved, That the religion of Jesus Christ requires that involuntary 
 slavery should be removed from the church as soon as an opportunity in the 
 providence of God is offered to slave ov^Tiers for the liberation of their 
 slaves. 
 
 2. Resolved, That when there are no regulations of the State to prohibit 
 it, when provision can be made for the support of the freedmen, when they 
 can be placed in circumstances to support the rank, enjoy the rights and 
 discharge the duties of freedmen, it shall be considered that such an oppor- 
 tunity is afforded in the providence of God. 
 
 3. Resolved, That the Synod will, as it hereby does, recommend it to all 
 its members to aid in placing the slaves which are within the jurisdiction 
 of this Synod in the possession of their rights as freedmen; and that it be 
 recommended to them especially to take up annual collections to aid the 
 funds of the American society for colonizing the free people of color in the 
 United States. 
 
 4. Resolved, That the practice of buying or selling slaves for gain by any 
 member of this church be disapproved, and that slave owners under the 
 jurisdiction of the Synod be, as they hereby are, forbidden all aggravations 
 of the evils of slavery by violating the ties of nature, the separation of hus- 
 band and wife, parents and children, or by cruel or unkind treatment; and 
 that they shall not only treat them well, but also instruct them in useful 
 knowledge and the principles of the Christian religion, and in all respects 
 treat them as enjoined upon masters towards their servants by the apostles 
 of our Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
 The Synod in 1838 explained the second resolution by de- 
 claring, ' ' That an opportunity in the providence of God shall 
 be considered as afforded, when the master can emancipate 
 his slave and place him in circumstances where he shall not 
 be liable to be immediately sold into bondage." And in 1839 
 the following preamble and resolution were passed in refer- 
 ence to the third resolution: "As there are two conflicting 
 societies operating in the community — the Colonization and 
 the Anti-Slavery Societies — and as this Synod has recom- 
 mended the former to the patronage of the churches under its 
 care, and as it is desirable the Synod should keep clear of this 
 excitement, and as the church should not be involved by the 
 operation of bodies over which it has no control ; therefore, 
 Resolved,, That this Synod withdraws the recommendation 
 formerly given to the Colonization Society. ' ' 
 
74 HISTORY OF 
 
 Public opinion in later days regarded the resolutions of 
 1830 as a very mild condemnation of slavery, while they were 
 in reality a very advanced attainment upon this subject, and 
 they served their purpose so well that the growing anti-slavery 
 sentiment of the church never sought to disturb them, giving 
 a good illustration of the fact that a mild law faithfully exe- 
 cuted is always more efficacious for good than a severer law 
 imperfectly enforced. The Synod was in earnest, and did 
 design to execute all that it had ordained, for in 1832 it issued 
 a Letter of Warning, and spoke of these resolutions thus: 
 
 Now, brethren, it is expected that the foregoing resolutions will not be as 
 a dead letter, but be respected and reduced to practice. It is expected that 
 Sessions and Presbj'teries will see them enforced. It is expected that slave 
 owners in the church will make conscience of seeking and improving oppor- 
 tunities, and the very first which offer, of liberating their slaves. It is ex- 
 pected that in the meantime they will give satisfactory evidence to their 
 respective Sessions that they do consider slavery a moral evil, and that they 
 do truly desire to get rid of it as soon as they can, and that it is their inten- 
 tion to embrace the first opportunity which God in His providence shall give 
 them for so doing. And it is expected of Sessions that they will require this 
 of slave-owning church members or applicants, etc. 
 
 The abduction of Morgan in 1826 produced a very sudden 
 and very violent anti-Masonic excitement throughout the 
 whole land, which made its appearance in Synod in 1829, 
 through the instrumentality of the Presbytery of Mononga- 
 hela, and when it did come it came perhaps fully as much in 
 the interest of a political party, then forming, as in vindica- 
 tion and furtherance of the truth. The Synod did not dis- 
 cuss the abstract question of Masonry, but instituted an 
 inquiry to see how far the church was contaminated with it; 
 and finding that the Synod was virtually free from it, 
 agreed, upon the motion of Messrs. Kerr and Porter, that, 
 "Whereas, A reference from the Presbytery of Monon- 
 gahela, relative to Masonry, has been brought before this 
 Synod; and whereas^ it is believed that the practice of Free 
 Masonry is contrary to the Standards of this Church; and 
 whereas^ on inquiry being made, it has been ascertained that 
 the several ministers of this Synod are in the practice of de- 
 taining from sealing ordinances those who take unlawful 
 oaths; therefore. Resolved^ That the Synod take no further 
 notice of the subject." 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF THE WEST. 75 
 
 The subject of secret societies in a more general form came 
 before the General Synod at its meeting in Pittsburgh in 
 1846, when the following action was taken: 
 
 1. Whereas, The society of Odd Fellows have been and still are making 
 special efforts to revive and secure popular favor to the principle of secret 
 associations, and especially to give the appearance of morality and religion 
 by the names of ministers of the gospel ; and whereas, we regard the princi- 
 ple itself as inconsistent with the character of true Christianity and highly 
 dangerous to our civil institutions ; therefore. Resolved, That this Synod do 
 hereby express its disapprobation of said society, and warn our people that 
 persistence in a connection with it must subject such as do so to the disci- 
 pline of the church. 
 
 2. Whereas, The order of the Sons of Temperance, though having a 
 more simple object, and free from oaths, is nevertheless organized on the 
 principle of secret associations, thereby sanctioning it ; therefore. Resolved, 
 That, in the judgment of this Synod, it is the duty of professing Christians 
 to stand aloof from its entanglements, and not to give it their sanction or 
 encouragement. 
 
 The custom of the country in the early part of the nine- 
 teenth century not only permitted the use of spirituous liquors 
 as a beverage, but almost exacted it as a token of hospitality. 
 Friendship would not withhold the cup, and would scarcely 
 even allow its rejection. Even ministers in the performance 
 of their pastoral duties were expected to drink, and this was 
 the secret of the fall of not a few of them. Against all this 
 the conscience of good men finally revolted, and a great tem- 
 perance movement was inaugurated. The Synod gave its 
 first deliverance upon this subject in 1834 in the passage of 
 the following resolutions: 
 
 1. That the practice of using ardent spirit as a drink, or mode of express- 
 ing our hospitality to a friend, is calculated to do much injury to society, 
 and, in view of the benevolent effort now in progress for the suppression of 
 intemperance, is calculated to expose the Christian character to reproach ; 
 and, therefore, that it be recommended to all the members of the chxrrches 
 under our care to abstain from it. 
 
 2. That while it is not maintained that the manufacture and vending of 
 ardent spirits are, in themselves, immoral, yet, in consideration of the very 
 general abuse of the article, it is recommended to all under our care to ab- 
 stain from both. 
 
 3. That whilst it is the province of the ordinances of the gospel alone, 
 under the Divine blessing, to produce and promote temperance as a Chris- 
 tian grace, and whilst it is left to the discretion of individuals to promote 
 the cause of temperance as a social virtue in that mode which to them may 
 appear most efficacious, yet a temperance society, established upon proper 
 
76 HISTORY OF 
 
 principles, is well calculated to promote this latter kind of temperance, and 
 is not liable to any serious objections. 
 
 These same views were re-affirmed by the General Synod 
 in 1841, in language more positive and emphatic. 
 
 Scarcity of men and money compelled the Synod to culti- 
 vate its missionary fields for a few years just as it could. 
 But an increase of resources called for some system which 
 would secure greater efficiency. The discussion of plans be- 
 gan as early as 1829, ^^^ i^ ^^33 the Synod resolved to leave 
 the disposal of all licentiates and unsettled ministers to a 
 Committee of Missions to be composed of a minister and an 
 elder from each Presbytery, to serve for seven years, and one- 
 seventh of them to be chosen every year, and to sit during 
 the meeting of the Synod. When the Synod was converted 
 into a General Synod, composed of delegates from the Pres- 
 byteries, the long term of service could not be maintained, 
 and then the committee was changed to one from each 
 Presbytery of the delegates present that year. It thus con- 
 tinued until the union of 1858, and the system was then 
 transferred to the United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 In the constitution of the Associate Reformed Church pro- 
 vision was made for the emitting of occasional testimonies 
 from time to time to protect the doctrinal purity and practi- 
 cal piety of the church from prevailing errors and immorali- 
 ties. In accordance with this the Synod at its meeting in 
 Cadiz, O., in 1825, prepared and issued an exhaustive and 
 elaborate testimony against "Hopkinsian, Socinian and 
 semi-Socinian errors as prevalent in the present day." 
 Other testimonies of this kind were issued by the Synod in 
 1832: one in reference to the Sabbath; another upon revi- 
 vals as conducted with the anxious-bench machinery; another 
 upon evil speaking, and another upon slavery; and still 
 another in 1853 "^n the neglected duty of honoring the 
 Lord with our substance." This last is seasonable at all 
 times and concludes thus: 
 
 The following opinions are of bad practical tendency, and as such we 
 condemn them, and testify against them : 
 
 I. That the common education of children and domestics may be ne- 
 glected without sin, and that we are under no obligation to assist in the 
 education of other children than our own. 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF THE WEST. "^^ 
 
 2. That we are not obliged to assist the poor, unless they are church 
 members and worthy persons. 
 
 3. That we are not bound to assist with our substance in relieving the 
 oppressed, unless we personally assisted in inflicting the oppression. 
 
 4. That it is either sinful or dangerous to assist societies which are moral 
 and benevolent in their character and operations. 
 
 5. That Christians may discharge all their duties and yet neglect to sup- 
 port the Gospel as God has prospered them. 
 
 6. That men have no rule but their own fancy and pleasure to guide them 
 in supporting the Gospel and aiding benevolent societies. 
 
 After years of deliberation the Synod resolved, in 1837, 
 that it was their present duty to engage in the foreign mis- 
 sionary work, and accepted Mr. Wilson Blain's offer to join 
 Mr. McEwen, of the New York Synod, in India. Before 
 Mr. Blain was ready to depart, Mr. McBwen was compelled 
 by ill health to return. Other things intervened, and for the 
 time being the enterprise was abandoned. 
 
 In 1841 the General Synod "resolved that the ministers be 
 requested, as speedily as possible, to take up collections to be 
 appropriated to the support of Mr. Campbell, which collec- 
 tions shall be forwarded to the treasurer of Synod, to be paid 
 over by him to the treasurer of the Mercer County Missionary 
 Society." Denominational Missionary Boards were not yet 
 established, and nearly all the missionary work done outside 
 the American Board was done through the agency of local 
 voluntary societies. This Mercer County Society was com- 
 posed of members of the Presbyterian, the Associate, the As- 
 sociate Reformed and the Covenanter Churches, and had sent 
 out, in Nov., 1835, the Rev. James R. Campbell, of the Re- 
 formed Presbyterian Church. He and Mr. McEwen sailed 
 together. This was only a temporary assistance to meet an 
 emergency, for in 1842 the General Synod "resolved that we 
 will endeavor in reliance on the Great Head of the Church to 
 send out at least one missionary to Palestine by the first of 
 Oct., 1844." In the winter of 1844-45 the Rev. James Bar- 
 nett and his brother-in-law, J. G. Paulding, M. D., sailed for 
 Syria, and located in Damascus. The Synod continued 
 actively and successfully in this foreign work. 
 
 The baptism of adopted children gave to the Synod some 
 trouble, but after much time spent in its discussion the fol- 
 lowing preamble and resolution were adopted in 1837: 
 
78 HISTORY OF 
 
 Whereas, In relation to the principle embraced in the resolution ap- 
 pended to the report under consideration, viz : ' ^Resolved, That where an 
 infant child is taken out of the world and adopted into a family, one of 
 whose heads is a member, or both of whose heads are members of the Chris- 
 tian Church, it is entitled to baptism," and the practice founded on it, there 
 has existed from the days of the Reformation some diversity of opinion in 
 the church ; and whereas. It is a subject which calls for the exercise of 
 Christian forbearance ; therefore. 
 
 Resolved, That it be left to the discretion of Sessions to act in all such 
 cases as may seem to be most conducive to Christian edification. 
 
 In 1836 the Synod accepted an invitation from the Re- 
 formed Presbyterian Church to meet in convention, and see 
 if the Reformed Churches in Amsrica could agree to unite 
 and form but one organization. It sent delegates to the first 
 convention held for this purpose in 1838, in Pittsburgh, and 
 to every subsequent convention until the union of 1858 was 
 consummated. 
 
 The Synod of the West had become unwieldly because of 
 the extent of its territory, and sought relief in 1839 by the 
 adoption of the following expedient: 
 
 1. That this Synod be divided into two Synods, and a General Synod (by 
 delegation) be organized. 
 
 2. That there be two sub-Synods, the one composed of the Lake, Big 
 Spring, Monongahela, Wheeling, Second Ohio and Mansfield Presbyteries ; 
 the other composed of the Chillicothe, First Ohio, Springfield and Indiana 
 Presbyteries. 
 
 3. That the former of these sub-Synods be denominated the First Associate 
 Reformed Synod of the West ; and the other the Second Associate Reformed 
 Synod of the West. 
 
 4. That the General Synod shall have no appellate jurisdiction except in 
 cases of doctrine. 
 
 5. That the General Synod in all matters overtured to the Presbyteries 
 shall be governed in their decision by the majority of an entire vote of the 
 church thus obtained. 
 
 6. That the General Synod shall have its first meeting at New Concord, 
 O., on the second Wednesday of June, 1S41, and be opened with a sermon 
 by the Rev. Joseph Claybaugh. 
 
 7. That the sub-Synods, after their organization, shall each have the ex- 
 clusive direction of the Seminary within its bounds. 
 
 8. That a committee of three be appointed to effect an equal division of 
 the funds and property held by Synod for Seminary purposes as soon as 
 practicable. 
 
 In 1852 all the territory belonging to the Second Synod, 
 lying west of the State of Indiana, was erected into a sub- 
 Synod, denominated the Synod of Illinois. 
 
ASSOCIATE REFORMED SYNOD OF THE WEST. 79 
 
 The General Synod had several ministers and congrega- 
 tions in the Territory of Oregon, and so had the Associate 
 Synod. These ministers believed that they could serve Christ 
 with more efficiency if united into one body. To this the 
 General Synod not only cordially consented, but directed a 
 collection to be taken up in all its congregations in aid of 
 "our brethren in Oregon." This union took place in 1852, 
 when the "United Presbytery of Oregon" was organized, and 
 remained without any immediate and direct connection with 
 the eastern churches until the union of 1858 made them all 
 one. 
 
 The constitution of the Associate Reformed Church had 
 always confined the right of voting for a pastor to the 77iale 
 members. The justice of this restriction was often called in 
 question, and so the whole matter of voting was sent down in 
 overture to the Presbyteries. In accordance with the answers 
 returned the following action was taken in 1853: 
 
 Resolved, That Synod affirm that the right of votiug for pastors is now ex- 
 tended to all communing members in the Associate Reformed Church. 
 
 Resolved, That in accordance with the vote of the several Presbyteries, 
 the extension of the privilege of voting in the temporalities of the church, 
 to pew-holders, and those supporting the ordinances, be left discretionary 
 with the Sessions. 
 
 While the matter of union with the Associate Church was 
 progressing slowly, the Synods of New York and of the West 
 of the Associate Reformed Church concluded that it would be 
 wise and expedient to try a closer union among themselves. 
 After two or three interchanges of commissioners a union was 
 effected in May, 1855, upon the simple constitution of the As- 
 sociate Reformed Church as originally adopted in 1799, and 
 the first meeting of the General Synod of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church of North America convened in Allegheny 
 City, Pa., on the 28th of May, 1856. This organization con- 
 tinued only three years, during which time it consummated 
 a union with the Associate Synod, and in 1858 was merged 
 into the United Presbyterian Church of North America, 
 bringing about 210 ministers, 30 probationers, 360 congrega- 
 tions and 30,000 communicants as its contribution to the new 
 organization. 
 
8o HISTORY OF 
 
 The United Presbyterian Church of 
 North America. 
 
 IN 1836 the Rev. Hugh McMillan, chairman of a committee 
 of the Reformed Presbyterian Church (N. S.), sent a com- 
 munication to the Associate Reformed Synod of the West, 
 proposing a convention of delegates from the Scottish Presby- 
 terian Churches to see if a closer union could be effected. The 
 Synod accepted the invitation and passed the following reso- 
 lutions: 
 
 1. That the union of the different branches of the Christian church on 
 Scriptural principles is an object worthy of the attention, the prayers and 
 the most vigorous efforts of this Synod. 
 
 2. That the above object may, in the judgment of this Synod, be greatly 
 subserved by a convention of the more orthodox churches. 
 
 3. That this Synod is ready to confer by delegation with other orthodox 
 churches on the great subject of ecclesiastical union at any time and place 
 that may be mutually agreed on. 
 
 Similar invitations were sent to the other Synods and re- 
 sulted in a convention, which assembled in Pittsburgh, Oct. 
 17, 1838. The delegates in attendance were Dr. J. T. Pressly, 
 the Rev. Joseph R. Kerr and the Rev. William Wallace, from 
 the Associate Reformed Synod of the West; Dr. JohnMcJim- 
 sey, the Rev. Donald C. McLaren and Elder William McKee, 
 from the Associate Reformed Synod of New York; and Dr. 
 John Black, the Rev. William Wilson and Elder Daniel 
 McMillan, from the Reformed Presbyterian Synod (N. S.) 
 Several days were spent in fraternal conference and in de- 
 votional exercises. Their work was a preparatory work, and 
 special consideration was given to the course which should 
 be pursued while yet in a divided state to promote a nearer 
 approximation preparatory to organic union. After a full 
 and free interchange of views it was 
 
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 8l 
 
 Resolved, As the judgment of this Convention that the ministers of the 
 churches here represented may interchange pulpits ; and it is recommended 
 to both ministers and people to unite, as often as opportunity offers, in meet- 
 ings for prayer and other religious exercises. 
 
 An address was also prepared to the Christian public on the 
 subject of the union of the churches, and an invitation to 
 another convention was given to all those churches which are 
 agreed in adhering to a Scriptural Psalmody. 
 
 A second convention assembled in Philadelphia on the 29th 
 of Sept., 1839, and was composed of delegates from the same 
 three Synods. On this occasion there was a free interchange 
 of views on those subjects on which it had been supposed that 
 there existed some diversity of opinion which might present 
 some difficulty in the way of union, such as Psalmody, com- 
 munion, slavery, testimony-bearing and covenanting. To 
 the surprise of some of the brethren it was found that there 
 existed a remarkable degree of harmony. Provision was made 
 for another convention, and a special invitation was given to 
 the Associate Synod. This third convention met in May, 
 
 1841, and was attended only by delegates from the churches 
 previously represented. It continued in the same line of 
 hunting for hindrances as its predecessors had done. 
 
 The fourth convention convened in Philadelphia in May, 
 
 1842, when delegates also appeared from the Associate Synod. 
 
 For the benefit of the new comers the matter of differences 
 
 and hindrances was again gone over, and the result was the 
 
 unanimous adoption of the following: 
 
 Resolved, That, having discussed the prominent subjects upon which a 
 diversity of sentiment was apprehended to exist, it appears there is such a 
 degree of unanimity on these subjects that there is encouragement for the 
 Convention to take further measures towards a visible ecclesiastical union. 
 
 By this time it became very evident that there was no 
 greater difference in the views of the delegates of the different 
 churches than existed among the ministers of any one of 
 them, and that no church would, in the event of a union, be 
 called upon to tolerate in those from the other churches any 
 thing more than was already tolerated in its own. There was 
 virtually no difference in dogma, and the great difficulty 
 hinged upon the modes of expression and the methods of ex- 
 hibition. The Associate Reformed Church at its organiza- 
 6 
 
82 HISTORY OF 
 
 tioii altered those portions of the Confession of Faith which 
 define the powers of the civil magistrate circa sacra^ so as to 
 make them express clearly the belief of the church. The 
 Associate and the Reformed Churches retained the original 
 text in their Confession of Faith, and then in their Testimony 
 explained the sense in which they received it. Yet all the 
 churches held a common doctrine, and only differed as to 
 where and how they should proclaim it. The Associate Re- 
 formed Church held the Confession of Faith and Catechisms, 
 Presbyterial form of Church Government and Directory of 
 Worship as her fixed testimony^ and also promised to emit 
 occasional testimonies in defence of the truth and in oppo- 
 sition to error, as circumstances might require. The other 
 churches added to the Confession of Faith a Narrative and 
 Judicial Testimony as being of equal authority. All the 
 churches held the doctrine in common that the Church must 
 bear witness for the truth and against error. The difference 
 consisted in the manner or the method. As no principle was 
 involved, some compromise in the matter of preference must 
 be made, and it was finally agreed, in 1844: 
 
 That, in the judgment of this convention, a union between the bodies 
 here represented can be eflFected only by an alteration of the Westminster 
 Confession of Faith, in the 20th, 23d and 31st chapters, and the adoption of 
 a Judicial Testimony against prevailing and dangerous errors of the present 
 time ; and, therefore, that these matters be referred to the Supreme Judica- 
 tories of our respective denominations. 
 
 A committee was appointed to prepare a basis of union in 
 accordance with the above form, and their report was re- 
 ceived and adopted by the seventh convention, which met in 
 Philadelphia on the 21st of May, 1845. ^^ combined the 
 Confession and Testimony by appending to each chapter a 
 list of errors testified against. This basis was not satisfactory 
 to any of the Synods, and another convention assembled in 
 Pittsburgh on the 8th of Sept., 1846. This convention be- 
 came somewhat famous for its refusal to proceed. It was in 
 reality the turning-point in the fortunes of the union, and yet 
 being misunderstood, was misrepresented and condemned by 
 very many. For the vindication of history- and the teaching 
 of a very important lesson, it may be proper to speak of it a 
 little more in particular. 
 
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 83 
 
 The Convention was full, with three from each of the four 
 Synods represented, and Mr. Davidson from the Reformed 
 Dissenting Presbytery. A new basis of union had to be con- 
 structed, and ten subjects were scheduled as covering all the 
 supposed points of difference. These were formulated to the 
 satisfaction of all during the deliberations of six days, and a 
 committee of four was appointed to draft the necessary docu- 
 ments, and the convention then adjourned until the next 
 May, just preceding the annual meetings of the Synods rep- 
 resented. 
 
 On the i8th of May, 1847, ^^^ Convention re-assembled in 
 the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Pittsburgh. Drs. 
 McLaren and Dales of the Synod of New York, and Dr. 
 Davidson of the Reformed Dissenting Presbytery were absent, 
 and Dr. Pressly was present in place of Dr. W. Wallace from 
 the Synod of the West. Drafts of all the documents for a 
 basis of union were presented, except that of a book of dis- 
 cipline. The draft of a testimony prepared by Dr. Anderson 
 was read and referred to a committee of one from each Synod, 
 "to report such alterations and modifications as they may see 
 proper. ' ' David McDill, John N. McLeod, Abraham Ander- 
 son and James B. Scouller, composed this committee. Three 
 of these stated that the testimony read would not be accept- 
 able to their Synods, and that it could not be so amended as 
 to make it acceptable, so the committee, without any debate, 
 reported a recommendation to the convention, "that further 
 proceedings in the effort for organic union among the churches 
 represented be stayed for the present." This recommendation 
 was discussed for half a day, and it was then 
 
 Resolved, That the propositions adopted by the convention in September 
 last on the real or supposed points of difference between the churches rep- 
 resented in this convention, with the votes on them in all cases where they 
 are recorded, be laid before the Synods at their approaching meeting, that 
 they may take such action on them as in their judgment they may deem 
 proper. 
 
 Resolved, That this convention finds nothing more that it can do at pres- 
 ent in furtherance of the object of its appointment. 
 
 Resolved, That the Synods represented in the convention be recommended 
 to prosecute the contemplated union by convention, by committees of cor- 
 respondence, or in whatever other way they may deem most promising. 
 
 The General Synod of the West met immediately after the 
 
84 HISTORY OF 
 
 convention, and being unwilling to relinquish her efforts for 
 a union, appointed delegates to any future convention which 
 might be called. So did the Associate Reformed Synod of 
 New York, and the Associate Synod; while the Reformed 
 Presbyterian Church withdrew entirely from all further 
 efforts. The delegates met in Pittsburgh in the autumn, and 
 amended and adopted the Anderson Testimony, and reported 
 it to their Synods, and, as predicted by the May convention, 
 it was accepted by none. 
 
 All the members of the convention in May, 1847, are now 
 dead except the writer, and he may be allowed to say that 
 those who voted for its sudden termination were not in any 
 sense opposed to the union sought. They were its most 
 ardent friends, more so than those who voted for going on, 
 but they were most thoroughly satisfied, from considerable 
 personal experience, that the present methods would never 
 accomplish the object desired, and that the whole business 
 had better be begun in the new. Nine annual conventions 
 had been held, and the difficulties to be removed were posi- 
 tively increasing instead of diminishing. And what else 
 could be expected ? Every convention gave the first and best 
 part of its labors to the hunting up of difficulties and differ- 
 ences of views. If enough of these could not be readily found, 
 little things were magnified, and mole-hills were made into 
 mountains, so as to accomplish the task. There was no 
 greater diversity of views among the different delegates at 
 any meeting than was to be found among the ministers of 
 each one of the bodies represented; and if slight differences 
 could be tolerated in the Synod, why not in the convention, 
 and in the united body? But the negotiations had generally 
 been confided to a few theological experts, and they must 
 sustain their reputation and develop shades of differences 
 without paying any attention to the almost endless catalogue 
 of agreements. The necessary results of such hypercriticism 
 were suspicion, distrust, an improper magnifying of little 
 things, and a wrangle over metaphysical abstractions which 
 should never appear in the creed of any church. A cordial 
 union could never be effected by such means. The scalpel 
 and the microscope must give place to softer, warmer and 
 gentler agencies. 
 
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 85 
 
 The sudden and abrupt termination of this convention, 
 which would not stay even to consider documents which had 
 been prepared with only too much care, startled the churches 
 and touched the hearts of the masses who yearned for union 
 and were willing to bear and forbear much that the outgoings 
 of their affections might be gratified. The union feeling re- 
 ceived no check, but a positive quickening. It became 
 wider and deeper. Henceforth the methods of operation were 
 kept nearer to the people, and were confined to synodic as- 
 semblies, where all the ministers and many of the elders had 
 a voice. A regular correspondence now commenced between 
 the Associate and the General Associate Reformed Synods, 
 which terminated in the offer of a Basis of Union by the 
 former to the latter, which affair being overtured to the Pres- 
 byteries, was adopted in 1857 by the General Synod. 
 
 The action of the Associate Synod upon this occasion was: 
 
 1. Resolved, That the basis which has been in overture be and it hereby 
 is adopted as a basis of union with the Associate Reformed Church, the 
 declarations without amendment, and the argument and illustrations in their 
 amended form, as a useful guide to the meaning of the declarations. 
 
 2. Resolved, That it be transmitted to the Associate Reformed Synod for 
 their concurrence. 
 
 The General Associate Reformed Synod responded thus: 
 
 Resolved, That the Associate Reformed Church does hereby declare her 
 acceptance of the Testimony proposed as a basis of union by the Associate 
 Synod, and overtvired by the General Synod of 1856 to the Presbyteries, in 
 the confidence that any modifications or amendments necessary to harmonize 
 said basis with the faith and practice held in common by the two churches, 
 or render it more entirely acceptable, will be in due time effected by the 
 United Church, and in the confidence that reasonable forbearance will be 
 exercised toward any member of either body that may feel constrained to 
 dissent from any article in this basis. 
 
 As the time approached for the consummation of the union, 
 those who had labored and prayed for it became very anxious 
 that peace, harmony and unanimity might characterize it. 
 To aid in this result a convention was called to meet in 
 Xenia, O., on the 24th of March, 1858, to seek by united 
 prayer the outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon the churches, 
 that they might be enabled to come together in true love and 
 confidence. A very large number of ministers and laymen 
 from abroad assembled and spent nearly three days in prayer 
 
86 HISTORY OF 
 
 and praise and conference, with the happiest effect, and then 
 adjourned to meet in Allegheny, in May, just before the as- 
 sembling of the Synods, where the same delightful experi- 
 ence was repeated. 
 
 Under these circumstances the two Synods met on the 19th 
 of May, 1858, the Associate in Pittsburgh and the Associate 
 Reformed in Allegheny, when the following joint action was 
 taken by both Synods: 
 
 Whereas, It is understood that the Testimony submitted to the General 
 Synod of the Associate Reformed Church by the Associate Synod was pro- 
 posed and accepted as a term of communion, on the adoption of which the 
 union of the two churches was to be consummated : 
 
 And Whereas, It is agreed between the two churches that the forbearance 
 in love, which is required by the law of God, will be exercised towards any 
 brethren who may not be able fully to subscribe the standards of the united 
 church, while they do not determinedly oppose them, but follow the things 
 which make for peace and things wherewith one may edify another. 
 
 1. Resolved, That these churches, when united, shall be called the United 
 Presbyterian Church of North America. 
 
 2. Resolved, That the respective Presbyteries of these churches shall re- 
 main as at present constituted until otherwise ordered, as eonvenience shall 
 suggest. 
 
 3. Resolved, That the supreme court of this church shall be a General 
 Assembly, to meet annually, to be composed of delegates from the respec- 
 tive Presbyteries, the number of delegates to be according to the proportion 
 of the members constituting each Presbytery, as now fixed by the rules of 
 the Associate Reformed Church, until a change shall be found expedient. 
 
 4. Resolved, That there shall be subordinate Synods, and these shall be 
 the same as those now existing in the Associate Reformed Church, to which 
 Synods the different Presbyteries in the Associate Church shall attach them- 
 selves for the present according to their location : Provided, That the sepa- 
 rate Synods and Presbyteries of the said Associate Reformed and Associate 
 Churches shall also continue as at present constituted until otherwise di- 
 rected. 
 
 5. Resolved, That the General and Subordinate Synods shall be regulated 
 according to the rules presently in force in the Associate Reformed Church 
 until the United Church shall see fit to alter such rules. 
 
 6. Resolved, That the different Boards and institutions of the respective 
 churches shall not be affected by this union, but shall have the control of 
 their funds, and retain all their corporate or other rights and privileges until 
 the interests of the church shall require a change. 
 
 7. Resolved, That these and other regulations found necessary, being 
 agreed upon by the respective Synods at the present meeting, the two Synods 
 shall meet at such place as shall mutually be agreed upon, and after ad- 
 dresses by Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Pressly, the Rev. J. P. Smart and the Rev. J. 
 Prestley be constituted with prayer by the senior moderator, after which a 
 moderator and clerk shall be chosen by the United Church. 
 
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 87 
 
 In accordance with the arrangements thus made, the two 
 Synods met together in the City Hall of Pittsburgh, at 10 
 o'clock, on the 26th day of May, 1858, and after prayer and 
 praise and the contemplated addresses the new body was con- 
 stituted with prayer by the Rev. Dr. Donald C. McLaren, 
 moderator of the Associate Reformed General Synod, and Dr. 
 John T. Pressly was elected by acclamation as moderator of 
 the united body, and Dr. Samuel Wilson as its first stated 
 clerk. 
 
 The Basis of Union was the Westminster Confession of 
 Faith, with a modification in reference to the power of the 
 civil magistrate circa sacra^ the Catechisms, Larger and 
 Shorter, and a Judicial Testimony. The Directory for Wor- 
 ship and the Book of Discipline of both churches were al- 
 lowed to be used until others should be prepared. The Judi- 
 cial Testimony covered important subjects which had not 
 been embraced in the Confession, or not sufficiently elabo- 
 rated to meet present circumstances. It consists of eighteen 
 Declarations^ with arguments and illustrations. The argu- 
 ments and illustrations are only designed to be useful helps, 
 and not authoritative utterances. These declarations were as 
 follows: 
 
 1. We declare. That God has not only in the Scriptures of the Old and New 
 Testaments made a revelation of His will to man as the only rule of faith 
 and practice, but that these Scriptures, viewed as a revelation from God, are 
 in every part the inspired word of God, and that this inspiration extends to 
 the language as well as to the sentiments which they express. 
 
 2. We declare. That our Lord Jesus Christ is not only true and supreme 
 God, being one in essence with the Father, but also the Son of God, in re- 
 spect to his natural, necessary and eternal relation to the Father. 
 
 3. We declare. That God having created man in a state of perfect holi- 
 ness, and in possession of a perfect ability to obey Him in all things, did 
 enter into a covenant with him, in which covenant Adam was the represen- 
 tative of all his natural posterity, so that in him they were to stand or fall, 
 as he stood or fell. 
 
 4. We declare. That our first parents did, by their breach of covenant 
 with God, subject themselves to His eternal wrath, and bring themselves 
 into such a state of depravity as to be wholly inclined to sin, and altogether 
 unable by their own power to perform a single act of acceptable obedience 
 to God ; and that all their natural posterity, in virtue of their representation 
 in the covenant, are born into the world in the same state of guilt, depravity 
 and inability, and in this state will continue until delivered therefrom by the 
 grace and righteousness of the Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
88 HISTORY OF 
 
 5. We declare, That our Lord Jesus Christ did, by the appointment of the 
 Father, and by His own gracious and voluntary act, place Himself in the 
 room of a definite number, who were chosen in Him before the foundation 
 of the world, so that He was their true and proper legal security; and as 
 such did, in their behalf, satisfy the justice of God, and answer all the de- 
 mands which the law had against them, and thereby infallibly obtain for 
 them eternal redemption. 
 
 6. We declare, That in justification there is an imputation to the believer 
 of that righteousness, or satisfaction and obedience, which the Lord Jesus 
 Christ, as the surety of His people, rendered to the law ; and that it is only 
 on the ground of this imputed righteousness that his sins are pardoned and 
 his person accepted in the sight of God. 
 
 7. We declare. That the gospel, taken in its strict and proper sense, as 
 distinguished from the law, is a revelation of grace to sinners as such, and 
 that it contains a free and unconditional offer and grant of salvation through 
 Christ to all who hear it, whatever may be their character or condition. 
 
 8. We declare, That in true and saving faith there is not merely an assent 
 of the mind to the proposition that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Saviour of 
 sinners, but also a cordial reception and appropriation of Him by the sinner 
 as his Saviour, with an accompanying persuasion or assurance corresponding 
 to the degree or strength of his faith that he shall be saved by Him, which 
 appropriation and persuasion are founded solely upon the free and uncondi- 
 tional and unlimited offer of Christ and salvation in Him, which God makes 
 in the gospel to sinners of mankind. 
 
 9. We declare. That the repentance which is a saving grace is one of the 
 fruits of a justifying faith, and of course cannot be regarded as a ground of 
 the sinner's pardon, or as necessary to qualify him for coming to Christ. 
 
 10. We declare, That although the moral law is of perpetual obligation, 
 and consequently does and ever will bind the believer as a rule of life, yet as 
 a covenant he is by his justification through Christ completely and forever 
 set free from it, both as to its commanding and condemning power, and con- 
 sequently not required to yield obedience to it as a condition of life and sal- 
 vation. 
 
 11. We declare. That the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, 
 does, by a direct operation accompanying the Word, so act upon the soul as 
 to quicken, regenerate and sanctify it ; and that without this direct opera- 
 tion the soul would have no ability to perceive in a saving manner the truths 
 of God's Word or yield to the motives which it presents. 
 
 12. We declare, That our Lord Jesus Christ, besides the dominion which 
 belongs to Him as God, has, as our God-man mediator, a two-fold dominion 
 with which He has been invested'by the Father as the reward of His suffer- 
 ings. These are a dominion over the Church, of which He is the living head 
 and law-giver, and the source of all that divine influence and authority by 
 which she is sustained and governed ; and also a dominion over all created 
 persons and things, which is exercised by Him in subservnency to the mani- 
 festation of God's glory in the system of redemption and the interests of His 
 church. 
 
 13. We declare. That the law of God, as written upon the heart of man, 
 and as set forth in the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is supreme 
 
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 89 
 
 in its authority and obligations, and that where the commands of the Church 
 or State are in conflict with the commands of this law, we are to obey God 
 rather than man. 
 
 14. We declare, That slave-holding, that is the holding of unoffending 
 human beings in involuntary bondage and considering and treating them as 
 property, and subject to be bought and sold, is a violation of the law of God 
 and contrary both to the letter and spirit of Christianity. 
 
 15. We declare. That all associations, whether formed for political or 
 benevolent purposes, which impose upon their members an oath of secrecy 
 or an obligation to obey a code of unknown laws, are inconsistent with the 
 genius and spirit of Christianity, and church members ought not to have fel- 
 lowship with such associations. 
 
 16. We declare, That the church should not extend communion, in sealing 
 ordinances, to those who refuse adherence to her profession or subjection to 
 her government and discipline, or who refuse to forsake a communion which 
 is inconsistent with the profession that she makes, nor should communion in 
 any ordinance of worship be held under such circumstances as would be in- 
 consistent with keeping of these ordinances pure and entire, or so as to give 
 countenance to any corruption of the doctrines and institutions of Christ. 
 
 17. We declare. That public social covenanting is a moral duty, the ob- 
 servance of which is not required at stated times, but on extraordinary occa- 
 sions, as the providence of God and the circumstances of the Church may 
 indicate. It is seasonable in times of great danger to the Church, in times 
 of exposure to backsliding, or in times of reformation when the Church is 
 returning to God from a state of backsliding. When the Church has entered 
 into such covenant transactions, they continue to bind posterity faithfully to 
 adhere to and prosecute the grand object for which such engagements have 
 been entered into. 
 
 18. We declare, That it is the will of God that the songs contained in the 
 Book of Psalms be sung in His worship, both public and private, to the end 
 of the world ; and in singing God's praise these songs should be employed 
 to the exclusion of the devotional compositions of uninspired men. 
 
 The first General Assembly met in Xenia, O., on the i8th 
 of May, 1859, ^^^ "^vas opened with a sermon by Dr. J. T. 
 Pressly, and by him constituted with prayer. Dr. Peter Bul- 
 lions, of Troy, N. Y., was elected moderator, and Dr. James 
 Prestley, stated clerk. The principal work of this Assejnbly 
 was to organize the executive machinery of the new body. 
 It was decided to place the beneficent operations of the church 
 in the hands of the following Boards, subject to the supervi- 
 sion of the Assembly: The Board of Foreign Missions, con- 
 sisting of nine members, and located at Philadelphia; a Board 
 of Home Missions, composed of one member of each Presby- 
 tery, with an executive committee of five, located at Xenia, 
 O. ; a Board of Publication, composed of nine members, and 
 
90 HISTORY OF 
 
 located at Pittsburgh; a Board of Church Extension, com- 
 posed of nine members, and located at Allegheny City, Pa. ; 
 and a Board of Education, composed of nine members, and 
 located at Monmouth, Illinois. In 1863, a Board of Missions 
 to the Freedmen was organized, consisting of nine members, 
 and located at Allegheny, Pa. An Aged Ministers' Fund was 
 created in 1862, and developed into a Board of Ministerial 
 Relief in 1873, of nine members, and located at Philadelphia. 
 These Boards have been active and energetic, and have fully 
 vindicated the wisdom of their creation. 
 
 The influences and impulses of the union of 1858 were very 
 benign and happy. A baptism from on high evidently rested 
 upon the new Church, reviving and quickening her in her 
 inner as well as in her outer life, so that she developed a 
 commendable degree of zeal and of life and of well-directed 
 activity. 
 
 But few incidents have marked the course of the United 
 Presbyterian Church. She has done her w^ork quietly, and 
 at the same time tried to meet her responsibilities arising from 
 her surroundings and from the general progress of the age. 
 
 In i860 the Assembly 
 
 Resolved, That the members of the United Presbyterian Church be ex- 
 horted to avoid all association with men of the world in vain and ensnaring 
 recreations, such as promiscuous dancing, theatrical exhibitions, and such 
 like amusements as are adapted to alienate the affections from God and ex- 
 pose the Christian character to reproach, and that pastors and Sessions be 
 careful to warn those under their care in relation to the danger of having 
 any fellowship with the world in any such practices. 
 
 In i860 the session of the congregation of Bovina, N. Y., 
 submitted the question, ' ' Are Sessions, in receiving persons 
 from the denomination of Arians called ' Christians'^ to re- 
 quire that they be re-baptised?" The Assembly answered: 
 
 That in our judgment such applicants for fellowship in the Church should 
 be regarded as unbaptized persons, inasmuch as a community of Arians, 
 denying the true and proper divinity of Jesus and His atonement, by what- 
 ever name they may be denominated, is not entitled to be considered as a 
 part of the visible Church of Christ. 
 
 The validity of Papal baptism was brought before the As- 
 sembly of 1870 and overtured to the Presbyteries; and accord- 
 ing to the answer to this overture, it was enacted in 187 1: 
 
 That while as a general rule Papal baptism should be regarded as invalid, 
 
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 9I 
 
 yet it is believed by many in the Church that there are important exceptions 
 to this rule ; therefore this Assembly judges it expedient to leave the ques- 
 tion of re-baptizing persons from the Papal Church to the discretion of 
 Sessions. 
 
 The Rev. W. C. McCune of Cincinnati published a book 
 upon Church Fellowship, which was not satisfactory to many 
 of his brethren, and for which he was finally put upon trial 
 before the Second Synod of the West and acquitted of teach- 
 ing any serious error. An appeal was taken from this decis- 
 ion to the General Assembly of 1867. The Assembly sus- 
 tained the appeal and found Mr. McCune guilty of " holding 
 and defending serious and fundamental error on the subject 
 of Church Fellowship." "This judgment," says the record, 
 "is not simply because of Mr. McCune's interpretation of the 
 26th chapter of the Confession of Faith, or his determined 
 opposition to the i6th article of the Testimony, a part of the 
 basis of union on which this church was organized, but also 
 because of his enunciation and advocacy of principles which, 
 if fully carried out, would work a complete subversion of the 
 Church as a visible organization." 
 
 This trial contributed nothing to the doctrinal development 
 of the Church, but it did produce some agitation in certain 
 quarters, and a request was made to the Assembly of 1868 to 
 fix more definitely the authority of the Sessions in the admis- 
 sion of members. This the Assembly declined to do, upon 
 the ground that the law of the Church was sufficiently ex- 
 plicit already, and that anything further was unnecessar}^, 
 because 
 
 The sixteenth article of our Testimony lays down the general rule on the 
 subject of communion, by which the Church is to be governed in all ordinary 
 cases. It was not designed to make provision for cases of an extraordiyiaty 
 nature. When cases of this kind occur Sessions, in the exercise of a wise 
 diccretion, must dispose of them as may be for the peace and edification of 
 the church. 
 
 The subject of temperance, in all its phases, has been re- 
 peatedly before the Assembly, and the following resolutions, 
 selected from the many pa.ssed at different times, will show 
 the unequivocal position of the church upon this matter : 
 
 I. That the business of manufacturing and vending intoxicating drinks 
 for drinking purposes is injurious to the best interests of society, and there- 
 fore inconsistent with the law of God, which requires, "Thou shalt love thy 
 neighbor as thyself." 
 
92 HISTORY OF 
 
 2. That the practice of renting houses to be occupied by those who are 
 engaged in the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks to be used as a 
 beverage, or for immoral purposes, is utterly inconsistent with the honor of 
 the Christian religion. — (1859, ^^^ reaffirmed in 1864.) 
 
 That it is inconsistent with membership in the Church of Christ to use or 
 be engaged in the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage. 
 — (1875; reaffirmed in 1877.) 
 
 That church Sessions have full authority, and it is their duty, to enforce 
 the principle of total abstinence where in the exercise of a sound discretion 
 they have reason to believe the safety of the individual and the honor of 
 religion require it. — (1859; reaffirmed in 1864.) 
 
 That it is the imperative duty of all the followers of Christ to abstain from 
 the use of intoxicating drinks of every kind, and that such abstinence is 
 necessary to a consistent Christian life. — (1873.) 
 
 That every church member should consider himself as pledged, by the ob- 
 ligations which he assumes, to total abstinence from all intoxicating liquors 
 as a beverage. — (1877.) 
 
 Individual Christians should use all proper means for the suppression of 
 the liquor traffic. Legal prohibition, moral suasion, and the practice of total 
 abstinence are demanded. — (1878.) 
 
 The exclusive use of a Scripture Psalmody in formal acts 
 of praise has always been one of the distinctive peculiarities 
 of the Scottish Presbyterian Churches of this country. They 
 brought Rouse's version as improved and authorized by the 
 Church of Scotland with them from their fatherland, and 
 continued to use it because they regarded it as the most faith- 
 ful poetic translation of the original. Its literary imperfec- 
 tions were well known, and the desirableness and even neces- 
 sity of some improvement was early felt. In the autumn of 
 1809 Judge Ebenezer Clark, son of the Rev. Thomas Clark, 
 of Salem, and an elder in Argyle, N. Y. , got up congrega- 
 tional petitions to the Presbytery of Washington, requesting 
 it to petition the General Associate Reformed Synod "to fur- 
 nish the Church with a metre version of the Scripture Psalms, 
 Hymns and Songs adapted to the present condition of the 
 church and the improved state of the English language." 
 The General Synod of 1810 gave this matter a very careful 
 and kind consideration, and appointed a committee to procure 
 an improved version of Scripture Psalmody. 
 
 This committee accomplished nothing, and yet the move- 
 ment did much good, for it voiced a strong desire in the 
 Church, and made the subject a familiar topic of conversation 
 among the ministers and people, and thus did something 
 
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 93 
 
 towards liberalizing- that ultra-conservatism wliich stands in 
 the way of every advance. In 1825 ^ writer in the Religions 
 Monitor urged upon the Associate Synod the necessity of pro- 
 viding an amended version. This was not met with much 
 favor at the time, and yet it compelled thought and reflection, 
 and had unquestionably something to do with the movement 
 in that Synod a score of years afterward under the leadership 
 of Dr. Beveridge. In 1835 the Associate Reformed Synod of 
 New York appointed a committee "to procure a version of 
 the inspired Book of Psalms, so as to embrace a greater 
 variety of metres, retaining our present version with such 
 amendments as, in a few instances, will render the metre 
 more harmonious, and the sense equally near the original." 
 A number of years subsequent to this the General Associate 
 Reformed Synod of the West appointed a similar committee 
 for the same purpose. The independent movements thus 
 started in the three bodies, which formed the United Presby- 
 terian Church, continued until the union of 1858, and did 
 much towards the final accomplishment of the desired object 
 by educating the tastes and wishes of the people, so as to 
 make the introduction of a new version possible, and by ac- 
 cumulating a large amount of useful matter. 
 
 The first General Assembly of the United Presbyterian 
 Church took up this matter where the Synods had laid it 
 down, and appointed a committee to continue the work, with 
 the instruction "that the version of the Book of Psalms now 
 used by the United Presbyterian Church be retained, with- 
 out any change that would affect its integrity. And to be 
 used in connection with this, it is desirable to have an en- 
 tirely new version of equal fidelity, and up to the present 
 state of literature and laws of versification. ' ' This committee, 
 in connection with the Board of Publication, finally submitted 
 an amended edition of the version in use, and 138 versions in 
 a variety of metres of 117 Psalms. These were approved by 
 the Assembly of 187 1, and authorized to be used. 
 
 The General Assembly was incorporated in Mar., i860, by 
 the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and its Trustees are thus the 
 legal agents of the United Presbyterian Church in all her in- 
 terests outside the chartered Boards. 
 
94 HISTORY OF 
 
 Historical Record of the Presbyteries and 
 
 Synods. 
 
 THE following record of the organization of the Presby- 
 teries and Synods, and of the changes through which 
 they have passed, was prepared by Dr. A. G. Wallace, Sec- 
 ond Clerk of the General Assembly. 
 
 In consequence of the loss of many important records it is 
 impossible to make it complete, but it is believed to be sufl&- 
 ciently so for practical purposes. 
 
 The union of 1858, by which the United Presbyterian 
 Church was formed, did not affect the organization and the 
 legal relations and powers of the Synods and Presbyteries of 
 the churches entering into it. In the adopting act it was 
 agreed "that the respective Presbyteries of these churches 
 shall remain as at present constituted, until otherwise ordered, 
 as convenience shall suggest;" and in defining the organiza- 
 tion of the General Assembly and the subordinate Synods, it 
 was "provided that the separate Synods and Presbyteries of 
 the said Associate Reformed and Associate Churches shall 
 also continue as at present constituted until otherwise di- 
 rected." — Digest^ p. 222. 
 
 According to this act some of these bodies have continued 
 to meet from time to time to transact business relating to cer- 
 tain pecuniary trusts which had been confided to their care; 
 some being without special trusts, formally dissolved; but 
 the majority simply adjourned to meet at the call of the Mod- 
 erator or at a given time, but have either not since met or 
 have failed to keep a record of their proceedings. They con- 
 tinue to have a nominal legal existence to meet any positive 
 emergency. 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE). 95 
 
 THE ASSOCIATE CHURCH. 
 
 PRESBYTERIES. 
 
 Pennsylvania. — Organized Nov. 2, 1753, by aiitliority of 
 "The Associate Synod" (Anti-Burgher) in Scotland. Min- 
 isters: Alexander Gellatly and Andrew Arnot. Sept. 2, 1765, 
 the members signed articles of agreement with Thomas Clark, 
 and June 9, 1767, with David Telfair and Samuel Kinloch 
 (licentiate) of the (Burgher) Associate Synod of Scotland, ad- 
 mitting them as members of the Presbytery, but allowing 
 them to retain their subordination to their own Synod. This 
 act was condemned by the Synod, but the relation was not 
 dissolved by the Presbytery. May 20, 1776, divided by the 
 organization of the Presbytery of New York. June 13, 1782, 
 a majority entered into union with the Reformed Presbytery, 
 (see Associate Reformed, Pennsylvania,) but the minority 
 maintained the organization of the Associate Presbytery. 
 Ministers: James Clarkson and William Marshall. May i, 
 1800, resolved to divide into three Presbyteries, viz. : Cam- 
 bridge, Philadelphia and Chartiers, and with the Presbytery 
 of Kentucky constitute a Synod. The last meeting recorded 
 was held Nov. 5, 1800. ]\Iay 20, 1801, dissolved by the or- 
 ganization of the Associate Synod of North America. 
 
 New York. — Organized May 20, 1776, at New York city, 
 by authority of the Presbytery of Pennsylvania. Ministers: 
 John Mason, Thomas Clark, Robert Annan, William Logan 
 and Andrew Patton. Territory' : The State of New York and 
 northward and eastward. In the spring of 1780, at New 
 Perth (now Salem), N. Y., agreed upon a basis for union 
 with the Reformed Presbytery, and became the Associate Re- 
 formed Presbytery. (See Associate Reformed, New York.) 
 
 Kentucky. — Organized Nov. 28, 1798, by authority of 
 "The General Associate Synod" in Scotland. Ministers: 
 Robert Armstrong and Andrew Fulton. Territory: The 
 States of Kentucky and Tennessee. Enlarged by the organ- 
 ization of congregations in southern Ohio and Indiana. In 
 1804 Mr. Armstrong and the larger part of his charge re- 
 moved to Massie's Creek and Sugar Creek, O., and in 1815 
 Mr. Fulton and the greater part of his charge removed to 
 
96 HISTORY OF 
 
 Carmel, Ind. ; therefore, May 28, 1821, the name was, by 
 order of Synod, changed to the Presbytery of Miami. (See 
 Miami.) 
 
 Cambridge. — Organized Sept. 8, 1800, at Cambridge, N. 
 Y., by authority of the Presbytery of Pennsylvania. Minis- 
 ters: David Goodwillie, Archibald Whyte and John Banks. 
 Territory: The State of New York, north of the city of New 
 York and eastward. Enlarged, 1820, by the transfer of the 
 congregation in New York from the Presbytery of Philadel- 
 phia. July 21, 1830, divided by the organization of the Pres- 
 bytery of Albany. 1838 a division arose, and the minority, 
 maintaining a separate organization, joined with others, 1841, 
 in organizing a Synod. After the union of the Synods in 
 1854 (see the Synod), these Presbyteries were known as the 
 First and Second Presbyteries of Cambridge. May 25, 1856, 
 by act of Synod, they were consolidated as the Presbytery of 
 Cambridge, and the boundaries were restored as before the 
 division. Entered the union of 1858. Oct, 25, 1859, ad- 
 journed at South Argyle, to meet at the call of the Modera- 
 tor. 
 
 Philadelphia. — Organized Nov. 4, 1800, at New York city, 
 by authority of the Presbytery of Pennsylvania. Ministers: 
 William Marshall, James Clarkson, Francis Pringle, and T. 
 Smith. Territory: The State of Pennsylvania east of the 
 mountains, and the city of New York. Divided, 1820, by the 
 transfer of the congregation in New York city to the Presby- 
 tery of Cambridge. Entered the union of 1858 , ad- 
 journed . 
 
 Chartiers. — Organized June 23, 1800, at Buffalo church, 
 Pa., by authority of the Presbyter>' of Pennsylvania. Minis- 
 ters: John Smith, John Anderson, Robert Laing, Ebenezer 
 Henderson, and William Wilson. Territory: All west of the 
 Allegheny mountains, with the congregations in Virginia and 
 the Carolinas. Last Wednesday of August, 1803, the terri- 
 tory was reduced by the formation of the Presbytery of the 
 Carolinas. Oct. 4, 1808, divided by the organization of the 
 Presbytery of Ohio; May 20, 1817, by transfer of the congre- 
 gations in Xenia and vicinity to the Presbytery of Kentucky; 
 July 9, 1822, by the organization of the Presbytery of AUe- 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE). 97 
 
 gheny; Aug. 23, 1826, by the organization of the Presbytery 
 of Muskingum. Entered the union of 1858. Oct. 19, 1858, 
 at Clinton, adjourned to meet at Washington, Pa., Nov, 30, 
 1858. There is no record to show that the meeting was held. 
 
 OJiio. — Organized Oct. 4, 1808, at Mahoning tent, from the 
 Presbytery of Chartiers, by order of Synod. The order of 
 Synod appointed Shenango church as the place for organiza- 
 tion; the reason for the change is not recorded. Ministers: 
 James Duncan, Daniel McLean, Thomas McClintock, and 
 David Imbrie. Territory: That part of the Chartiers Presby- 
 tery bounded by Yellow creek, the Ohio and Allegheny rivers, 
 without western limit. Nov. 10, 1835, divided by the organ- 
 ization of the Presbytery of Shenango. Entered the union of 
 1858. May 8, 1867, adjourned to meet at the call of the 
 Moderator. 
 
 The Carolinas. — Organizedlast Wednesday of August, 1803, 
 at Steel Creek, N. C, from the Presbytery of Chartiers. 
 Ministers: Peter McMullan, William Dixon, and John Cree. 
 Territory: The Carolinas and Eastern Virginia. In conse- 
 quence of the refusal of the congregations to carry out the act 
 of Synod against slavery, adopted May 20, 1831, the pastors 
 resigned, and the majority of the Presbytery (1832 to 1834) 
 removed to the North. May 29, 1839, the Synod suspended 
 those who refused to carry out its action. They united with 
 the Associate Reformed Synod of the South Apr. 15, 1844. 
 
 Miami. — May 28, 1821, the Synod changed the name of 
 the Presbytery of Kentucky to the Presbytery of Miami. 
 June 3, 1830, enlarged by the addition of the congregations 
 of " The Western Mission." Aug. 8, 1838, divided by the 
 organization of the Presbyteries of Indiana and Illinois. En- 
 tered the union of 1858, and Dec. 28, 1858, at Springfield, 
 O., adjourned. 
 
 Allegheny. — Organized July 9, 1822, at Bethel, Allegheny 
 county, Pa. , from the Presbyteries of Chartiers and Ohio, by 
 order of the Synod. Ministers: Robert Bruce, David Blair, 
 John Dickey, Joseph Scroggs, Hugh Kirkland, and John 
 France. Territory : The valley of the Allegheny river to Pitts- 
 burgh, and eastward to the mountains. July 4, 1849, divided 
 by the organization of the Presbytery of Clarion. Entered 
 7 
 
98 HISTORY OF 
 
 the union of 1858. April 28, 1858, adjourned to meet at Pitts- 
 burgh at the call of the Moderator. No record is known to 
 exist to show that the meeting was held, 
 
 Muskingitm. — Organized Aug. 23, 1826, at Cadiz, O., from 
 the Presbytery of Chartiers. Ministers: John Walker, Samuel 
 Irvine, Thomas Hanna, and Daniel McLane. Territory: West 
 of the Ohio river and the Presbytery of Ohio. Aug. i, 1838, 
 divided by the organization of the Presbytery of Richland. 
 Entered the union of 1858. May 20, 1859, at Xenia, O., ad- 
 journed to meet in Allegheny, Pa., Sept. 29, i860. There is 
 no record of the meeting. 
 
 ^'■The Western Mission.'" — The Synod, May 25, 1827, ap- 
 pointed John Walker, of the Presbytery of Muskingum, and 
 James P. Miller, to be ordained by the Presbytery of Musk- 
 ingum, on a mission to the west and southwest, and author- 
 ized them to meet in Presbytery at such time and place as 
 they may think fit, and transact whatever business connected 
 with the mission field may come before them. Nov. 15, 1827, 
 they constituted as a Presbytery at the house of George Mal- 
 colm, on Clear creek, Indiana. Meetings were held at dif- 
 ferent times. June 3, 1830, the congregations of "The 
 Western Mission ' ' were placed under the care of the Presby- 
 tery of Miami. 
 
 Albany. — Organized July 21, 1830, at Johnstown, N. Y., 
 from the Presbytery of Cambridge, by order of Synod. Min- 
 isters: Peter Bullions, Andrew Stark, James Martin, Peter 
 Campbell, John G. Smart, John Russell and Robert Laing. 
 Territory: All west of the Hudson river and south of a line 
 east from Waterford, N. Y. Nov. 19, 1835, divided by the 
 organization of the Presbytery of Stamford. A division arose, 
 and the Synod, May 26, 1838, recognizing the minority, the 
 majority maintained a separate existence until the union of 
 May 31, 1854. (See New York.) May 29, 1857, boundary 
 rearranged by transferring the congregations south of a line 
 east and west through the Highlands, N. Y., to the Presby- 
 tery of New York. Entered the union of 1858. Oct. 3, 1861, 
 at Albany, adjourned to meet in Argyle in Oct., 1862. There 
 is no record of the meeting. 
 
 Albany. — (See New York.) 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE). 99 
 
 Nczu York. — The majority of tlie Presbytery of Albany, 
 May 28, 1838, refused submission to the action of the Synod 
 in recognizing the minority as the true Presbytery, and con- 
 tinued a separate organization as the Presbytery of Albany. 
 
 , 1846, the name was changed to the Presb3^tery of New 
 
 York. Re-entered the Synod in the union of 1854. May 29, 
 
 1857, the boundaries were readjusted by the Synod trans- 
 ferring the congregations north of a line east and west through 
 the Highlands, N. Y. , to the Presbytery of Albany. Entered 
 the union of 1858. Nov. 10, 1859, adjourned to meet at the 
 call of the Moderator. 
 
 Shenajigo. — Organized Nov. 10, 1835, at Mercer, Pa., from 
 the Presbytery of Ohio, by order of Synod. Ministers; Daniel 
 McLean, John France, Isaac Beggs, Matthew Snodgrass, 
 Alexander Boyd and W. C. Pollock. Territory: North of the 
 west branch of the Big Shenango to New Castle, and a line 
 thence east, and eastward of the Ohio State line to the Pres- 
 bytery of Allegheny. Entered the union of 1858. Jan. 4, 
 1859, adjourned to meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 
 Staviford. — Organized Nov. 19, 1835, at Stamford, Canada, 
 from the Presbytery of Albany, by order of Synod. Minis- 
 ters: John Russell and James Strang, Territory: West of a 
 line north and south through Cayuga Lake. Entered the 
 union of 1858, and continued its organization as United Pres- 
 byterian. 
 
 Vermont. — Organized July 2, 1838, at Barnet, Vt,, from the 
 Presbytery of Cambridge, by order of Synod. Ministers: 
 Thomas Goodwillie and William Pringle. Territory: The 
 State of Vermont. June 5, 1840, by act of Synod, declared 
 dissolved, its ministers suspended and its congregations trans- 
 ferred to the Presbytery of Cambridge. The Presbytery, June 
 26, 1840, refused to submit to the action of the Synod, and 
 June 15, 1841, joined with others in forming a Synod. Re- 
 entered the Synod in the union of 1854, Entered the union 
 of 1858. May 4, 1858, adjourned, and at Ryegate, June 22, 
 
 1858, met as a Presbytery of the United Presbyterian Church. 
 Richland. — Organized Aug. i, 1838, at Wooster, O., from 
 
 the Presbytery at Muskingum, by order of Synod. Ministers: 
 Samuel Irvine, Samuel Hindman, David Lindsay and Joseph 
 
lOO HISTORY OF 
 
 McKee. Territory: North and west of tlie Tuscarawas and 
 Muskingum rivers. May 29, 1844, enlarged to embrace the 
 State of Michigan. Sept. i, 1852, divided by the organi- 
 zation of the Presbytery of Detroit. Entered the union of 
 1858. May 20, 1862, adjourned to meet at the call of the 
 Moderator. 
 
 Indiana. — Organized Aug. 8, 1838, at Bloomington, Ind., 
 from the Presbytery of Miami, by order of the Synod. Min- 
 isters: Nathaniel Ingles, James M. Henderson, George M. 
 Hall and James Dickson. Territory: That part of the Pres- 
 bytery of Miami within the State of Indiana. Aug. 9, 1849, 
 divided by the organization of the Presbytery of Northern 
 Indiana, and the name changed to the Presbytery of Southern 
 Indiana. Entered the imion of 1858. , adjourned, 
 
 Illinois. — Organized Aug. 8, 1838, at Henderson Church, 
 111. , from the Presbytery of Miami, by order of the Synod. 
 Ministers: James C. Bruce and William Bruce. Territory: 
 That part of the Presbytery of Miami within the State of 
 Illinois, and the congregations northward and westward. 
 Aug. 19, 1846, divided by the organization of the Presbytery 
 of Iowa, and June 2, 1848, by the transfer of the congrega- 
 tions south of the latitude of Rock Island to the Presbytery 
 of Iowa. June 2, 1848, the name was changed by order of 
 Synod to the Presbytery of Northern Illinois. Ministers: 
 Thomas Ferrier, R. W. French and Samuel Collins. Terri- 
 tory : All north of the line of Rock Island. Entered the union 
 of 1858. Oct. 7, 1858, at Monmouth, 111., adjourned sine die. 
 
 Iowa. — Organized Aug. 19, 1846, at Crawfordsville, Iowa, 
 from the Presbytery of Illinois, by order of the Synod. Min- 
 isters : William Smith, David Lindsay and George C. Vincent. 
 Territory: That part of the Presbytery of Illinois west of the 
 Mississippi river. June 2, 1848, enlarged by transfer of con- 
 gregations from the Presbytery of Illinois. (See Illinois.) 
 June 30, 1857, divided by the organization of the Presbytery 
 of Monmouth. Entered the union of 1858. , ad- 
 journed to meet . 
 
 Northern Illinois. — (See Illinois.) 
 
 Norther7i Indiana. — Organized Aug. 9, 1849, at Burnett's 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE). lOI 
 
 Creek, from the Presbytery of Indiana, by order of Synod. 
 Ministers: N. Ingles, James Dickson and R. H. Pollock. 
 Territory : That part of the Presbytery of Indiana north of the 
 National road. Did not enter the union of 1858. 
 
 Southern Indiana. — (See Indiana.) 
 
 Clarion. — Organized July 4, 1849, ^^ Cherry Run, Pa., 
 from the Presbytery of Allegheny, by order of Synod. Min- 
 isters: John Hindman, John Dickey, John McAuley and John 
 Todd. Territory-: Northeast of Butler and Indiana turnpike, 
 and including the congregations of Concord, Pine Grove and 
 Clearfield. Entered the union of 1858. Feb, 8, 1859, ad- 
 journed to meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 
 Illinois. — Organized by a separation from the Presbytery of 
 Illinois, 1848, at Sugartree Grove, now Henderson Church, 
 111., under the authority of the Synod, formed in 1841. Min- 
 isters: Andrew Shiland and W. W. Harsha. Territory: The 
 congregations in the State of Illinois. In the union of 1854 
 dissolved by the congregations becoming subordinate to the 
 Presbyteries in whose bounds they were. 
 
 Oregon. — Organized Nov. 28, 1851, at Willamette, by 
 order of Synod. Ministers: Thomas S. Kendall, James P. 
 Miller and S. G. Irvine. Oct. 20, 1852, entered into union 
 with the Associate Reformed Presbytery of Oregon, and con- 
 stituted the United Presbytery of Oregon. Acceded to the 
 union of 1858, and was received by the General Assembly 
 May 25, i860, with the reserved "right of final juris- 
 diction over all matters except such as may be appealed 
 directly to the General Assembly." See Minutes of i860. 
 
 Detroit. — Organized Sept. i, 1852, at Troy, Mich., from 
 the Presbytery of Richland, by order of Synod. Ministers: 
 James M. Smeallie and D. S. McHenry. Territory: All 
 north of the Ohio and Michigan State line. Entered the 
 union of 1858. April 6, 1858, at Troy, adjourned to meet at 
 the call of the Moderator, and June 23, 1858, at Birmingham, 
 met as a Presbytery of the United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Monmonth. — Organized June 30, 1857, at Henderson 
 Church, 111., from the Presbytery of Iowa, by order of Synod. 
 Ministers: John Scott, A. A. Rodgers, J. A. Edie and Elijah 
 McCoy. Territory: South of latitude of Rock Island and 
 
I02 HISTORY OF 
 
 east of Mississippi river; also the congregation of Le Claire, 
 Iowa. Entered the union of 1858. 
 
 Sidlkot. — Organized Dec. 18, 1856, by the act of the mem- 
 bers under the recommendation of the Board of Foreign Mis- 
 sions, and subsequently approved by the Synod. Ministers: 
 Andrew Gordon, E. H. Stevenson and R. A. Hill, Entered 
 the union of 1858, and continued without change as a Presby- 
 tery of the United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 THE SYNOD. 
 
 The Associate Synod of North America. — Organized May 
 20, 1801, at Philadelphia, in accordance with a resolution of 
 the Presbytery of Pennsylvania, adopted May i, 1800. Pres- 
 byteries: Cambridge, Philadelphia, Chartiers and Kentucky. 
 The action of the Synod on slavery in 1838 resulted in the 
 separation and suspension of the Presbytery of the Carolinas. 
 In 1838 parts of the Presbyteries of Albany and Cambridge 
 refused submission to certain acts of the Synod, and main- 
 tained separate organizations. In 1840 the Presbytery 01 
 Vermont refused to acknowledge an order declaring its disso- 
 lution and suspending its members. June 15, 1841, at Cam- 
 bridge, N. Y. , these constituted a Synod bearing the name of 
 the Associate Synod of North America. May 31, 1854, a re- 
 union was effected. May 26, 1858, at Pittsburgh, Pa., en- 
 tered into union with the General Synod of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church, and constituted the United Presbyterian 
 Church of North America. Annual meetings were held until 
 May 31, 1870, when the following order was adopted: "That 
 the Moderator and Clerk be continued in office until their suc- 
 cessors are elected, and that they, together with the trustees 
 of the Synod, are hereby empowered to call future meetings 
 of this Synod; and of such meetings notice shall be given not 
 less than one month previously in the periodicals and papers 
 of the Church. The time and place of such meetings shall be 
 the same as those of the General Assembly." May 30, 1879, 
 adjourned to meet at Xenia, O., at i p. m.. May 27, 1880. 
 
 THE REFORMED CHURCH. 
 The Reformed Presbytery was organized March 10, 1774, 
 at Paxtang, Dauphin co., Pa. Ministers: John Cuthbertson, 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE REFORMED). I03 
 
 Matthew Lind and Alexander Dobbin. Nov. 29, 1781, 
 agreed upon a basis of union with the Presbyteries of the 
 Associate Church, to constitute the Associate Reformed 
 Church. This basis was prepared at a general meeting of the 
 three Presbyteries, held at Pequea, Pa., in the spring of 1779. 
 It was adopted by the Presbytery of New York in the spring 
 of 1780; by the Presbytery of Pennsylvania June 13, 1782. 
 
 THE ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 
 
 PRESBYTERIES. 
 
 The several Presbyteries entering the union met in Synod 
 Nov. I, 1782, according to the agreement of a convention 
 previously held. One of the first acts of the Synod was the 
 perfecting of the union by a rearrangement of the ministers 
 and congregations into Presbyteries, designated as the First, 
 the Second, and the Third. All processes and other matters 
 depending in the several Presbyteries, before the erection of 
 the Synod, were ordered to be brought to an issue by the 
 Presbyteries as newly constituted. 
 
 The First. — Organized Nov. i, 1782, in Philadelphia, from 
 the Reformed Presbytery and the Presbytery of Pennsylva- 
 nia, by an act of the Synod of 1782. Ministers: John Cuth- 
 bertson, D. Telfair, J. Proudfit and J. Smith. Territory: The 
 congregations in Pennsylvania east of the Susquehanna river. 
 Oct. I, 1786, by act of Synod May 31, 1786, the territory was 
 enlarged so as to include the congregations in the State of 
 New York, and the name was changed to the Presbytery of 
 New York. (See New York.) 
 
 The Second. — Organized Nov. i, 1782, in Philadelphia, 
 from the Reformed Presbytery and the Presbytery of Penn- 
 sylvania, by act of the Synod of 1782. Ministers: Matthew 
 Henderson, John Rodgers, J. Murray, William Logan, Mat- 
 thew lyind and Alexander Dobbin. Territory: The congre- 
 gations in "Western Pennsylvania," that is west of the Sus- 
 quehanna river. Enlarged in 1785, so as to embrace all the 
 congregations in the South. The Presbytery was properly 
 the continuation of the Presbytery of Pennsylvania, and 
 therefore the Synod, by act of May 31, 1786, restored the 
 name Pennsylvania. (See Pennsylvania.) 
 
I04 HISTORY OF 
 
 The Third. — Organized Nov. i, 1782, in Philadelphia, from 
 the Presbytery of New York, by the act of the Synod of 1782. 
 Ministers: John Mason, Robert Annan, David Annan and 
 Thomas Clark. Territory: The churches in New York and 
 the adjacent States. This Presbytery was properly the con- 
 tinuation of the Presbytery of New York. By the act of the 
 Synod, which met May 31, 1786, the congregations in New 
 England were from Oct. i, 1786, separated and designated 
 the Presbytery of Londonderry (see Londonderry), and Rev. 
 John Mason and J. Proudfit (now of Salem, N. Y.), and their 
 congregations and contiguous vacancies, were annexed to the 
 First Presbytery, and the name of the First was changed to 
 to the Presbytery of New York. (See the First and New 
 York.) 
 
 Pennsylva)iia. — The original organization was in Nov., 
 1753. (See Associate, Pennsylvania.) June 13, 1782, the 
 majority entered into union with the Reformed Presbytery. 
 The congregations of the United Church west of the Susque- 
 hanna river, were, by the Synod of 1782, constituted the Sec- 
 ond Presbyter}^ (See The Second.) By act of the Synod of 
 1786, the name Pennsylvania was restored. June 24, 1792, 
 divided by the organization of the Second Presbytery of Penn- 
 sylvania, and the name changed to the First Presbytery of 
 Pennsylvania. By act of Synod, Oct. 22, 1802, divided into 
 the Presbyteries of Big Spring and Philadelphia, in order to 
 constitute the Synod of Pennsylvania. (See Big Spring and 
 Philadelphia.) 
 
 New York. — The original organization was May 20, 1776, 
 from the Presbytery of Pennsylvania. (See Associate, New 
 York.) In the rearrangement of the Presbyteries by the 
 Synod of 1782, it was styled the Third Presbytery. (See The 
 Third.) Reorganized Oct. 4, 1786, in New York, as the Pres- 
 bytery of New York, by order of the Synod of 1786, from the 
 First and Third Presbyteries, including all the congregations 
 in the State of New York, and in Pennsylvania east of the 
 Susquehanna river, and Hanover west of it. (See The First.) 
 July 14, 1794, divided by the organization of the Presbytery 
 of Washington. The congregations in Pennsylvania were 
 subsequently transferred to the Presbytery of Pennsylvania. 
 
PRESBYTERIES (associate REFORMED). 105 
 
 After the defection of the Presbytery of Philadelphia in 1822, 
 the jurisdiction was again, 1830, extended to Eastern Penn- 
 sylvania. Aug. 7, 1845, divided by the organization of the 
 Presbytery of Philadelphia, and July 11, 1854, by the organi- 
 zation of the Presbytery of Boston. The majority refused to 
 enter the union of 1858, and attempted to maintain a separate 
 existence. The minority were recognized by the Synod as 
 the Presbytery of New York. Sept. 12, 1876, adjourned to 
 meet at the call of the Moderator or Clerk. 
 
 Londonderry. — May 31, 1786, certain congregations in Bos- 
 ton and Londonderry having been received by the Third Pres- 
 bytery, the Synod divided the Presbytery (see The Third), the 
 congregations in New England, after Oct. i, as the Presbytery 
 of Londonderry. Ministers: David Annan, William Morri- 
 son, and Samuel Taggart. The Synod, which met Oct. 19, 
 1791, changed the name to the Presbytery of New England, 
 but it continued to be popularly known by its former name. 
 May 30, 1801, in consequence of the defection of the Presby- 
 tery from the principles of the Church, and insubordination to 
 Synod, the Synod declared the Presbytery no longer in its 
 connection, and disclaimed all responsibility for any of its 
 transactions. 
 
 The Carolinas and Georgia. — Organized Feb. 24, 1790, at 
 Long Cane, Abbeville district, S. C, by order of the Synod. 
 Ministers : Thomas Clark, Peter McMullan, David Bothwell, 
 John Boyse and James Rogers (licentiate). Territory: The 
 congregations in North Carolina, South Carolina and Geor- 
 gia. Ap. 8, 1801, divided for the organization of the Second 
 Presbytery of the Carolinas, and thereafter known as the First 
 Presbytery of the Carolinas, now known as the First Presby- 
 tery of the Associate Reformed Synod of the South. 
 
 The First Pennsylvania. — (See Pennsylvania.) 
 
 The Second Pennsylvania. — Organized June 24, 1793, at 
 the Yough meeting house (now Bethesda), from the Presby- 
 tery of Pennsylvania, by order of Synod. Ministers: Mat- 
 thew Henderson, John Jamieson, Adam Rankin, Robert War- 
 wick. Territory: All west of the Allegheny mountains. By 
 the act of Synod, May 20, 1800, divided by an order for the 
 formation of the Presbytery of Kentucky. (See Kentucky.) 
 
I06 HISTORY OF 
 
 Ministers after the division: M. Henderson, J. Riddell and 
 David Proudfit, Oct. 22, 1802, the name was changed by act 
 of Synod to the Presbytery of Monongahela. (See Mononga- 
 hela.) 
 
 Washmgton. — Organized July 14, 1794, at Hebron, from 
 the Presbytery of New York, by order of Synod. Ministers : 
 James Proudfit, John Dunlap, George Mairs and James Mairs. 
 Territory: The northern part of the State of New York. 
 Oct. II, 1808, divided by the organization of the Presbytery 
 of Saratoga. Entered the union of 1858. Oct. 9, 1862, ad- 
 journed to meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 
 Kentucky. — Oct. 7, 1799, the Second Presbytery of Penn- 
 sylvania appointed the members residing in Kentucky, viz: 
 Adam Rankin, John Steele and Robert Warwick, with an 
 elder from each of their charges, a ' ' committee ' ' to meet 
 from time to time and transact such business as might come 
 before them. May 20, 1800, the Synod adopted an order for 
 the organization of the Presbytery of Kentucky, at such time 
 and place as may be agreed upon, after sermon by Rev. A. 
 Rankin. Ministers: Adam Rankin, Robert Warwick, John 
 Steele and Abraham Craig. Territory: The congregations 
 in Kentucky, and afterwards enlarged to include southern 
 and central Ohio. Nov. 11, 1800, Mr. Warwick declined the 
 authority of the committee of the Second Presbytery of Penn- 
 sylvania, and withdrew from the Church. Jan. i, 1817, 
 divided by the organization of the Presbytery of Ohio. Aug. 
 30, 1820, reconstituted under the Synod of the West. May 
 21, 1823, strengthened by the temporary transfer of Rev. 
 William Balbridge and his congregations. Cherry Fork and 
 West Fork. Oct. 23, 1837, dissolved by act of Synod. Revs. 
 W. H. Rainey and H. Mayne, and the congregations east of 
 a line due south from the mouth of the Great Miami river, 
 were attached to the First Presbytery of Ohio, and Revs. 
 James McAuley, Jr., and J. E. Hannon and the congrega- 
 tions west of the above line to the Presbytery of Indiana. 
 Subsequently the congregations that remained became subor- 
 dinate to the Synod of the South. 
 
 The Carolinas and Georgia^ Second. — Organized Ap. 8, 
 1801, at Cedar Spring, S. C, by division of the Presbytery 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE REFORMED). 107 
 
 of the Carolinas and Georgia, by order of Synod. Ministers: 
 Alexander Porter, William Dixon, Peter McMuUan and 
 David Bothwell. Territory: All southwest of the Broad 
 river. Now known as the Second Presbytery of the Associate 
 Reformed Synod of the South. 
 
 Monongahela. — Organized June 24, 1793, as the Second 
 Presbytery of Pennsylvania, by order of Synod. Oct. 22, 
 1802, the name was changed by order of Synod to the Pres- 
 bytery of Monongahela. May 9, 1821, reconstituted at Rob- 
 inson's Run, under the Associate Reformed Synod of the 
 West. Divided Aug, 11, 1824, by the organization of the 
 Second Presbytery of Ohio; Jan. 7, 1829, ^7 ^^^ organization 
 of the Presbytery of the Lakes; June 12, 1839, by the organ- 
 ization of the Steubenville Presbytery; Nov. 18, 1840, by the 
 organization of the Presbytery of Blairsville; Oct. 20, 1857, by 
 the organization of the Presbytery of Allegheny. Entered the 
 union of 1858, Nov. 3, 1858, adjourned to meet in the 
 Second United Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Dec. 28, 
 1858, but there is no record of the meeting. 
 
 Big Spring. — Organized May 18, 1803, at "Mr. Logan's 
 church," Fermanagh, now Mexico, Pa., by order of the 
 Synod, from the First Presbytery of Pennsylvania (see Penn- 
 sylvania). Ministers: Wm. Logan, John Young, Thomas 
 Smith, James Walker, James McConnell, William Baldridge 
 and James Harper, Jr. Territory: The Cumberland valley 
 and adjoining counties, and south to the James river. The 
 Presbytery was disorganized by the attempt of the General 
 Synod of 1822 to unite with the Presbyterian Church, and 
 May 26, 1823, ^^s congregations were taken under the care of 
 the Presbytery of Monongahela. Aug. 24, 1825, reorganized 
 at Tuscarora, by authority of the Synod of the West. Minis- 
 ters: Alexander Sharpe, Thomas Smith. Ap. 2, 1834, 
 strengthened temporarily by transfer of Rev. N, C. Weede 
 and the congregations of Bethel, Indiana Co., and connec- 
 tions from the Presbytery of Monongahela. Entered the 
 union of 1858. Ap. 11, i860, adjourned to meet at the call 
 of the Moderator. 
 
 Philadelphia. — Organized May 23, 1803, at Rock Creek, 
 Pa., by order of the Synod, from the First Presbytery of 
 
I08 HISTORY OF 
 
 Pennsylvania (see Pennsylvania). Ministers: Robert Annan, 
 Alexander Dobbin and Ebenezer Dickey. Territor}^': East- 
 ward of the Cumberland valley. In 1822 the majority entered 
 into the union with the Presbyterian Church. The congre- 
 gations remaining were subsequently under the care of the 
 Presbyteries of New York and Big Spring. 
 
 Saratoga. — Organized Oct. 11, 1808, at Broadalbin, N. Y., 
 by order of the Synod of New York, from the Presbytery of 
 Washington. Ministers: James Mairs, Wm. McAuley, John 
 Burns, Robert Proudfit. Territory : North of Orange Co. and 
 west of the Hudson river. May 18, 1810, the Albany congre- 
 gation was transferred by Synod to the Presbytery of New 
 York; Nov. 15, 1827, divided by the organization of the 
 
 Presbytery of Caledonia. Entered the union of 1858. , 
 
 adjourned to meet in Stamford, N. Y., Sept. 6, 1865, but 
 there is no record of the meeting. 
 
 Ohio. — Organized Ap. 9, 1817, at Xenia, by order of the 
 General Synod, from the Presbytery of Kentucky, the divi- 
 sion to be in effect from Jan. i, 1818. Ministers: William 
 Baldridge, Alexander Porter, David Risk, Samuel Crothers, 
 John McFarland and Abraham Craig. Territory: Southwest- 
 ern part of the State of Ohio. May 2, 1820, reconstituted 
 under the Synod of the West. June i, 1824, William Bald- 
 ridge and charge were transferred to the Presbytery of Ken- 
 tucky temporarily. This arrangement terminated about 1828. 
 After the organization of the Second Ohio, Aug. 11, 1824, 
 the Presbytery was known as the First Presbytery of Ohio. 
 May 8, 1833, divided by the organization of the Presbytery 
 of Indiana. Oct. 23, 1837, enlarged by the addition of the 
 part of the Presbytery of Kentucky east of a line due south 
 from the mouth of the Great Miami. Sept. 4, 1839, divided 
 by the organization of the Presbyteries of Chillicothe and 
 Springfield. Entered the union of 1858. At Fairhaven, O., 
 Dec. 21, 1858, adjourned to meet at Springdale, Ap. 5, 1859. 
 There is no record to show that the meeting was held. 
 
 Allegheny. — May 28, 1819, the Synod gave order for the 
 organization of the Presbytery of Allegheny, at Mercer, Pa. , 
 July 7, 1819, from the Presbytery of Monongahela. Minis- 
 ters: Joseph McElroy, James McConnell, A. D. Campbell, 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE REFORMED). 109 
 
 Robert Reid. The Presbytery does not appear to have been 
 organized. 
 
 The First Ohio.—{SQ.& Ohio.) 
 
 The Second (9/^/o.— Organized Aug. 11, 1824, at Crooked 
 Creek, (now New Concord,) O., from the Presbytery of Mon- 
 ongahela, by order of the Synod of the West. Ministers: 
 David Proudfit, Abraham Craig, William Taggart and James 
 Johnson. Territory: All north and east of the Hockhock- 
 ing river, and west of the Ohio, except the congregation of 
 Steubenville. Nov. 15, 1837, divided by the organization of 
 the Presbytery of Mansfield. Ap. 11, 1855, divided by the or- 
 ganization of the Presbytery of Sharon. Sep. 29, 1857, terri- 
 tory enlarged by the restoration of the congregations given to 
 the Presbytery of Sharon. (See Sharon.) Entered the union 
 of 1858. Ap. 14, 1859, at Cambridge, Ohio, adjourned to 
 meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 
 Caledonia. — Organized Nov. 15, 1827, ^^ Seneca, N. Y., 
 from the Presbytery of Saratoga, by order of the Synod of 
 New York. Ministers: Donald C. McLaren, H. S. Wilkin, 
 Wm. Nesbit and David Currie. Territory: The "Western 
 portion" of the Presbytery of Saratoga. Entered the union 
 of 1858. Sep. 18, 1878, adjourned to meet at the call of the 
 Moderator, at a convenient time and place, in Sep. 1879. 
 
 Lakes. — Organized Jan. 7, 1829, ^^ Mercer, Pa., from the 
 Presbytery of Monongahela, by order of the Synod of the 
 West. Ministers: Robert Reid, James L. Dinwiddle, Isaiah 
 Niblock, David Norwood and S. F. Smith. Territory: West 
 of the Allegheny river and north of Beaver county to Lake 
 Erie. Ap. 20, 1853, divided by the organization of the Pres- 
 byteries of Butler and Lawrence. Entered the union of 1858. 
 May 8, 1861, adjourned to meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 
 Indiana. — Organized May 8, 1833, at Springfield Church, 
 111. , from the First Presbytery of Ohio, by order of the Synod 
 of the West. Ministers: James Worth, Samuel C. Baldridge 
 and John Reynolds. Territory: The State of Indiana and 
 Illinois, except the congregation of Richmand, Ind. Oct. 
 23, 1837, enlarged by the addition of that part of the Presby- 
 tery of Kentucky west of a line due south from the mouth of 
 the Great Miami. (See Kentucky.) Ap. 6, 1842, divided by 
 
no HISTORY OF 
 
 the organization of the Presbytery of Illinois, and Ap. 13, 
 1843, ^y ^^^^ organization of the Presbytery of Michigan. 
 Entered the union of 1858. Ap. 13, 1859, adjourned to meet 
 at the call of the Moderator. 
 
 Mansfield. — Organized Nov. 15, 1837, at Mansfield, O., 
 from the Second Presbytery of Ohio, by order of the Synod 
 of the West. Ministers: James Johnston, J. Arbuthnot and 
 J. Walker, Territory: North of the National road and west 
 of the canal, including the congregation of White Eyes. 
 Entered the union of 1858. , adjourned, . 
 
 Chillicothe. — Organized Sep. 4, 1839, at Greenfield, Ohio, 
 from the First Presbytery of Ohio, by order of the Synod of 
 the West. Ministers: Joseph Claybaugh, Robert Stewart, 
 James Caskey, John Graham, William Taylor, Hugh Mayne 
 and W. H. Rainey. Territory: Eastward to the Hockhock- 
 ing river, from a line through Williamsburg, in Clermont co., 
 and Wilmington, in Clinton county, and southward, includ- 
 ing the adhering congregations in Kentucky. Entered the 
 union of 1858. Ap. 20, 1859, adjourned to meet at the call 
 of the Moderator or oldest minister. The last meeting was 
 held Ap. 16, 1863. 
 
 Springfield. — Organized Sep. 4, 1839, at Springfield, O., 
 from the First Presbytery of Ohio, by order of the Synod of 
 the West. Ministers: Samuel Sturgeon, James N. Gamble, 
 J. F, Sawyer, J. C. Porter and J. R. Bonner. Territory: 
 Northward from a line through Greenville, in Darke Co. , and 
 Bellebrooke, in Greene Co., to the National Road, and east- 
 ward to the Presbyteries of Mansfield and Second Ohio. Ap. 
 4, 1854, divided by the organization of the Presbytery of Sid- 
 ney. Ap. 13, 1858, adjourned to meet at Sugar Creek Sept. 
 14, 1858, but there is no record of the meeting. 
 
 Stenbenville. — Organized June 12, 1839, at Paris, Pa., as 
 the Presbytery of Wheeling, from the Presbyteries of Monon- 
 gahela and Second Ohio, by order of the Synod of the West. 
 Ministers: William Wallace, George Buchanan, Samuel Tag- 
 gart, J. M. Galloway, William Taggart, Hugh Parks, William 
 Lorimer and J. Donaldson, Territory: From New Lisbon, 
 O., southeasterly to Georgetown; thence to Washington, Pa. ; 
 thence due south. Oct, 19, 1839, the boundary was changed 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE REFORMED). Ill 
 
 SO as to restore Upper Wheeling (Rev. William Taggart, pas- 
 tor,) and Moorefield to the Second Presbytery of Ohio, and 
 the name was changed to the Presbytery of Steubenville. 
 Entered the union of 1858. At a meeting held in Second 
 Church, Pittsburgh, Pa., Oct. 7, 1858, adjourned to meet in 
 Steubenville, O., Dec. 7, 1858, at which time it met as a Pres- 
 bytery of the United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Blairsville. — Organized Nov. 18, 1840, at Turtle Creek, 
 from Monongahela Presbytery, by order of the First Synod of 
 the West. Ministers: Richard Gailey, J. G. Fulton, Jonathan 
 Gill, William Connor, Joseph Osborne and Matthew McKin- 
 stry. Territor}': North of the Youghiogheny river, east of a 
 line from West Newton, along western boundary of West- 
 moreland Co. to the Allegheny river at the mouth of the Kis- 
 kiminitas. A temporary arrangement, assigning Revs. J. G. 
 Fulton, William Connor, Joseph Osborne and M, McKinstry 
 to the new Presbytery, became permanent, and the territory 
 was east of the Monongahela river. Turtle creek and the Alle- 
 gheny river to the mountains. Divided Ap. 11, 1855, by the 
 organization of the Presbytery of Westmoreland. Sep. 1856, 
 by act of Synod temporarily annexed to the Presbytery of 
 Westmoreland. Re-constituted Nov. 3, 1857. Entered the 
 union of 1858. Oct. 27, 1858, adjourned to meet Ap. 12, 1859, 
 but no formal meeting was subsequently held. 
 
 Illinois. — Organized Ap. 6, 1842, at Peoria, Ills., from the 
 Presbytery of Indiana, by order of the Second Synod of the 
 West. Ministers: James McAuley, John Wallace, Andrew S. 
 Fulton, Joseph Thompson, James C. Porter and John Freetly. 
 Territory: The State of Illinois and northward and westward. 
 Oct. 9, 1851, the Second Synod of the West gave order for 
 the division of the Presbytery into three, viz : The First and 
 Second Presbyteries of Illinois and the Presbytery of Iowa, in 
 order to constitute the Synod of Illinois. 
 
 Michigan. — Organized Ap. 13, 1843, ^^ Oswego, Ind., from 
 the Presbyter}' of Indiana, by order of the Second Synod of 
 the West. Ministers: Wilson Plain, R. R. Coon and John H. 
 Bonner. Territor}^: The State of Indiana, north of latitude 
 40°, and the State of Michigan. Entered the union of 1858. 
 May 15, 1874, adjourned to meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 
112 HISTORY OF 
 
 Philadelphia. — Organized Aug. 7, 1845, ^^ Philadelphia, 
 from the Presbytery of New York, by order of the Synod of 
 New York. Ministers: John F. McLaren, John B. Dales and 
 James B. Scouller. Territor>^: That part of the Presbytery 
 of New York south of 40° north latitude and west of 2° 20' 
 east longitude from Washington. Entered the union of 1858. 
 Ap. 30, 1 86 1, adjourned. 
 
 The First Illinois. — Organized Ap. 13, 1852. at Bethel 
 Church, from the Presbytery of Illinois, by order of the Second 
 Synod of the West. Ministers: James Morrow, M. M, Brown, 
 David MacDill, John M. Gordon. Territory: All that part 
 of the Presbytery of Illinois lying south of a line east and 
 west through the city of Alton. Entered the union of 1858. 
 Ap. 29, 1859, by formal act, recognized the United Presby- 
 terian Presbytery of St. Louis (now Southern Illinois) as its 
 legal successor in all matters, and transferred to it all rights, 
 interests and obligations, to be used according to their true 
 intent and purpose. Adjourned to meet at the call of the 
 Moderator. 
 
 The Second Illinois. — Organized Ap. 13, 1852, at Ellisville, 
 111., from the Presbytery of Illinois, by order of the Second 
 Synod of the West. Ministers: James C. Porter, N. C. 
 Weede, David C. Cochran, R. R. Coon, John Erectly, G. W. 
 Gowdy, Samuel Millen, Robert Ross and John Wallace. 
 Territory: North of a line due east from Alton and east of 
 the Mississippi river. Entered the union of 1858. Ap. 13, 
 1859, too^ " ^ recess to meet at the call of the Moderator." 
 
 lotva. — Organized Ap. 14, 1852, at New London, la., from 
 the Presbytery of Illinois, by order of the Second Synod of 
 the West. Ministers: W. W. Graham, Alexander Pattison, R. 
 N. Fee Joseph Benton, William Dalzell, Samuel Sturgeon. 
 Territory: West of the Mississippi river and north of aline 
 due west from Alton, 111. Entered the union of 1858. Ap. 
 14, 1859, adjourned to meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 
 Oregon. — Organized Oct. 19, 1852, at Union Point, by 
 order of the General Synod of the West. The General Synod 
 appointed Sep. 7, as the time for the organization, and gave 
 discretionary power as to union with the Associate Presby- 
 tery. Ministers: Wilson Plain, James Worth. J. M. Dick and 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE REFORMED). II3 
 
 S. D. Gager. Oct. 20, 1852, entered into union with the As- 
 sociate Presbytery, on a basis agreed upon in convention Sept. 
 17, 1852, and constituted the United Presbytery of Oregon. 
 The General Synod of 1853 approved the action taken. Ac- 
 ceded to the union of 1858, and was received by the General 
 Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church May 25, i860, 
 with the reserved right of final power in case of discipline. 
 
 Butler. — Organized Ap. 20, 1853, at Butler, Pa., from the 
 Presbytery of the Lakes, by the order of the First Synod of 
 the West. Ministers: Isaiah Niblock, William Findley, Wil- 
 liam P. Breaden, James H. Fife, John N. Dick and William 
 C. Pollock. Territory: South of a line east, and east of a 
 line south from Mercer to the Presbytery of Monongahela. 
 Entered the union of 1858. May i, 1861, at White Oak 
 Springs, adjourned to meet at the call of the Moderator or 
 Clerk. 
 
 Lazvrence. — Organized Ap. 20, 1853, at New Castle, Pa., 
 from the Presbytery of the Lakes, by order of the First Synod 
 of the West. Ministers: John Neil, Robert W. Oliver, R. 
 Audley Browne, William A. Mehard and J. P. Chambers. 
 Territory: South of a line west, and west of a line south from 
 Mercer to the Monongahela Presbytery. Entered the union 
 of 1858. At Mercer, Jan. 5, 1859, adjourned to meet at the 
 call of the Moderator. 
 
 Sidney. — Organized Ap. 4, 1854, at Sidney, O., from the 
 Presbytery of Springfield, by order of the Second Synod of 
 the West. Ministers: J. R. Bonner, C. T. McCaughan, Jack- 
 son Duff, J. K. Andrews, J. F. Hutchinson, J. R. Findley 
 and Samuel Wallace. Territory: North of the line between 
 Clark and Champaign counties, extended east and west. 
 Entered the union of 1858. At Belfontaine, O., June 9, 1858, 
 adjourned to meet at Piqua, O., Oct. 12, 1858, at which time 
 and place it met as a Presbytery of the United Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 Boston. — Organized July 11, 1854, at Boston, from the 
 Presbytery of New York, by order of the Synod of New York. 
 Ministers: Alexander Blaikie, David A. Wallace, William 
 McMillan and James Otterson. Entered the union of 1858. 
 Sept. 6, 1876, adjourned to meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 8 
 
114 HISTORY OF 
 
 Sharon. — Organized Ap. ii, 1855, at Sharon O. , from the 
 Presbyteries of Second Ohio and Steubenville, by order of the 
 First Synod of the West. Ministers: Randall Ross, S. M. 
 Hutchinson, D. B. Jones, James McNeal and James Borrows. 
 Territory: East of the Hocking river and south of a line from 
 Logan, McConnellsville, Sarahsville and Woodfield, and 
 thence east to the Ohio river. Sep. 29, 1857, dissolved by act 
 of the Synod, and the part formerly included in the Second 
 Presbytery of Ohio restored to that Presbytery, and the part 
 from the Presbytery of Steubenville transferred to the Presby- 
 tery of Wheeling; the books and papers committed to the 
 Second Presbytery of Ohio. 
 
 Wheeling. — Organized Ap. 11, 1855, at St. Clairsville, O., 
 from the Presbytery of Steubenville, by order of the First 
 Synod of the West. Ministers: William Taggart, Alexander 
 Wilson, Alexander D. Clark, James T. McClure, Alexander 
 Young, J. C. Forsyth and Hugh Parks. Territory: From 
 West Alexander, Pa., by Short Creek and Ohio Creek to Cadiz; 
 thence by the New Philadelphia road to the line of the Second 
 Presbytery of Ohio. Entered the union of 1858. , ad- 
 journed to meet at the call of the IModerator. 
 
 Westmoreland, — Organized Ap. 11, 1855, at Turtle Creek, 
 Pa. , from the Presbytery of Blairsville, by order of the First 
 Synod of the West. Ministers: Matthew McKinstry, J. G. 
 Fulton, William Conner, Samuel Jamison, D. H. Pollock, J. 
 C. Bryson, James Kelso, James H. Fife, and A. G. Wallace. 
 Territory: East of the Monongahela river. Turtle Creek, and 
 the Allegheny river, and south of the Kiskiminitas river. 
 From Sept. — , 1856, to Nov. 3, 1857, enlarged by the tem- 
 porary annexation of the Presbytery of Blairsville. Entered 
 the union of 1858. Ap. 12, 1859, adjourned to meet at the 
 call of the Moderator, or, in case of his absence or disability, 
 at the call of the oldest member. The last meeting recorded 
 was held at Turtle Creek, Ap. 15, 1863. 
 
 Le Claire. — Organized Nov. 11, 1856, at Iowa City, la., 
 from the Presbytery of Iowa, by order of the Synod of Illinois. 
 Ministers: Henry Allen, Robert S. Campbell, Samuel F. Van- 
 natta, and R. N. Fee. Territory: North of a line west from 
 the mouth of Iowa river to the south-west corner of Washing- 
 
PRESBYTERIES (associate REFORMED). II5 
 
 ton Co.; thence to Fort Des Moines; thence westward. En- 
 tered the union of 1858. Aug. 22, 1861, adjourned. 
 
 Allegheny. — Organized Oct. 20, 1857, at the First Church, 
 Allegheny, Pa., from the Presbytery of Monongahela, by order 
 of the First Synod of the West. Ministers: John T. Pressly, 
 John C. Steele, A. G. Shafer, D. G. Bradford, J. C. Bryson, 
 J. ly, Fairley, Samuel Patterson, W. L. McConnel, and James 
 Given. Territory: That part of the Monongahela Presbytery 
 lying west of the Allegheny river and north of the Pittsburgh 
 and Steubenville turnpike. Entered the union of 1858. 
 , adjourned . 
 
 Note. — The Presbyteries of the Synod of New York maintain their organ- 
 ization, and hold stated meetings, in order to preserve certain vested civil 
 rights. 
 
 Synods. 
 
 77?^ Synod of the Associate Reformed Church. — Organized 
 Nov. I, 1782, in the house of William Richards, Philadelphia, 
 Pa., according to arrangements made in general convention 
 Oct. 30. It was composed of the Presbyteries formerly known 
 as the Associate Presbyteries of Pennsylvania and New York 
 and the Reformed Presbytery, numbering fourteen ministers. 
 May 31, 1799, adopted the Confession of Faith, the Larger 
 and Shorter Catechisms, the Form of Church Government, 
 and the Directory for Worship, as amended, as the Constitu- 
 tion and Standards of the Church. Oct. 22, 1802, gave order 
 for its division and dissolution by the organization of the 
 Synod of New York, the jSynod of Pennsylvania, the Synod 
 of Scioto, and the Synod of the Carolinas, and appointed a 
 General Synod of delegates from the Presbyteries, to be held 
 May 30, 1804. Oct. 30, 1802, dissolved. 
 
 The Synod of Neiv York. — Organized May 27, 1803, at New- 
 burgh, N. Y. Presbyteries: New York and Washington. 
 After the dissolution of the General Synod in 1822, continued 
 as an independent Synod. May 17, 1855, entered into union 
 with the General Synod of the West, to constitute the Gen- 
 eral Synod of the Associate Reformed Church of North Amer- 
 ica, to meet the following year. July 3, 1861, it was decided 
 by the civil court that the legal powers and rights of the 
 Synod were not impaired by the union of 1858. Oct. 7, 1878, 
 
Il6 HISTORY OF 
 
 at New York, adjourned to meet at West Hebron, N. Y., 
 Sept. 25, 1879. 
 
 The Synod of Pennsylvania. — Organized May 25, 1803, at 
 Marsh Creek, Pa. Presbyteries: Philadelphia and Big Spring. 
 The Presbyteries were disintegrated and the Synod disorgan- 
 ized in 1822, by the attempt of the General Synod to form a 
 union with the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The Synod of the Carol inas. — Organized May 9, 1803, at 
 Ebenezer church, Fairfield District, S. C. Presbyteries: The 
 First and the Second of the Carolinas and Georgia. May 19, 
 1 82 1, at its own request, it was authorized by the General 
 Synod to become an independent and coordinate Synod; and, 
 Ap. I, 1822, by resolution, did so become independent, under 
 the name. The Associate Reformed Synod of the South, and 
 still exists as a separate ecclesiastical organization. 
 
 The Synod of Scioto. — Organized May 2, 1804, at Chilli- 
 cothe, O. Presbyteries: Monongahela and Kentucky. Oct. 28, 
 1819, resolved to withdraw from subordination to the General 
 Synod, and, at its next meeting, to constitute as an indepen- 
 dent Synod, adhering to the Confession of Faith, Larger and 
 Shorter Catechisms, Form of Church Government and Direc- 
 tories for Worship as received at Greencastle, Pa., on the 31st 
 of May, 1799; and on this ground reciprocating ministerial 
 and Christian communion with other branches of the Associ- 
 ate Reformed Church. Accordingly, Ap. 27, 1820, the Synod 
 dissolved, to be reconstituted as an independent and coordinate 
 Synod, under the name, The Associate Reformed Synod of 
 the West. 
 
 The General Synod. — Organized May 30, 1804, at Green- 
 castle, Pa. Synods: New York, Pennsylvania, Scioto and 
 the Carolinas. Ap, 27, 1820, the Synod of Scioto withdrew 
 and became an independent Synod. (See Scioto.) May 19, 
 1 82 1, the Synod of the Carolinas was authorized to become 
 independent and coordinate. May 21, 1822, against the 
 judgment of a majority of the Presbyteries, the General 
 Synod, by a vote of yeas 7, nays 5, silent 4, adopted a basis 
 of union with the General Assembly of the Presbyterian 
 Church, and on May 23 dissolved. In consequence of this 
 action the Presbyteries of Big Spring and Philadelphia were 
 disorganized, and the Synod of Pennsylvania ceased to exist. 
 
PRESBYTERIES (ASSOCIATE REFORMED). I17 
 
 The Synod of the West. — Organized Ap. 27, 1820, at Rush 
 Creek, O., according to an act of the Synod of Scioto. (See 
 Scioto.) Presbyteries: Monogahela, Ohio and Kentucky. 
 Territory: All west of the Allegheny mountains. May 26, 
 1823, enlarged by the addition of the congregations remain- 
 ing of the Big Spring Presbytery to the Presbytery of Monon- 
 gahela. About 1845 ^^ congregations in Kentucky with- 
 drew. Oct. 19, 1839, adopted resolutions for division into the 
 First and Second Synods of the West, and for the organization 
 of a General Synod, with appellate jurisdiction only in cases 
 of doctrine, and subject to the majority of the entire vote of 
 the church in all matters overtured. Oct. 21, 1839, adjourned 
 sine die. 
 
 The First Synod of the West. — Organized Oct. 21, 1840, at 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. , according to the order of the Synod of the 
 West. Presbyteries: Monongahela, Big Spring, the Lakes, 
 Second Ohio, Mansfield and Steubenville. Feb. 2, 1875, ad- 
 journed to meet at the call of the Moderator. 
 
 The Second Synod of the West. — Organized Oct. 21, 1839, 
 at Chillicothe, O. , according to the order of the Synod of the 
 West. Presbyteries: First Ohio, Indiana, Chillicothe and 
 Springfield. Oct. 13, 1852, divided by the organization of 
 the Synod of Illinois. , i860, at New Zion, adjourned 
 
 The Synod of Illinois. — Organized Oct. 13, 1852, at 
 Oquawka, 111., from the Second Synod of the West by order 
 of the General Synod. Presbyteries: The First and Second 
 
 Presbyteries of Illinois and the Presbytery of Iowa. , 
 
 adjourned . 
 
 The General Synod of the West. — Organized June 9, 1841, 
 at Crooked Creek (New Concord), O. Synods; The First and 
 Second of the West. May 17, 1855, entered into an agree- 
 ment with the Synod of New York for the re-organization of 
 the General Synod on the basis of "the Confession of Faith, 
 Larger and Shorter Catechisms, together with the Govern- 
 ment and Discipline of the Church and the Directories for 
 Public and Private Worship, as judicially ratified by the As- 
 sociate Reformed Synod at Greencastle, May 31, 1799," ex- 
 cept that the General Synod shall not have appellate power 
 
Il8 HISTORY OF 
 
 in cases of discipline, the several Synods to retain exclusive 
 control of the institutions and property belonging to each, 
 and the name of the Supreme judicatory hereafter to be The 
 General Synod of the Associate Reformed Church of North 
 America. May 21, 1855, dissolved. 
 
 The General Synod of North America. — Organized May 
 28, 1856, at Allegheny, Pa. Synods: New York, the First 
 and Second of the West, and Illinois. Twenty-seven Pres- 
 byteries were represented by delegates. This Synod was de- 
 clared to sustain the same relation to the Presbyteries of the 
 united body which the former General Synods sustained to 
 the Presbyteries of the General Synod of the West. Minutes 
 1856, p. 22. A basis of union with the Associate Synod of 
 North America having been overtured and adopted by the 
 Presbyteries, the General Synod, May 22, 1858, by a vote of 
 93 ayes and 4 nays, formally agreed to the consummation of 
 the union. The union was formally consummated in an ag- 
 gregate meeting of the Synods in City Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa., 
 at 10)^ o'clock. May 26, 1858, thus constituting the United 
 Presbyterian Church of North America. After the formal 
 ceremony of union, the General Synod of the United Presby- 
 terian Church was organized by the election of the Rev. John 
 T. Pressly as Moderator, and the Rev. Samuel Wilson as 
 Clerk. Adjourned to meet in Xenia, O., May 18, 1859, at 7^ 
 o'clock p. m. The General Synod of the Associate Reformed 
 Church adjourned May 26, 1858, to meet at Xenia, O., May 
 18, 1859, ^^ 2 o'clock p. m. May 26, i860, the General 
 Synod, at Philadelphia, adjourned to meet in Monmouth, 111., 
 May 16, 1861, but there is no record of the proceedings. A 
 meeting was held in Xenia, O., May 27, 1863, called for the 
 disposition of certain funds. Adjourned to meet at the call 
 of the Moderator. J. T. Pressly was Moderator of both meet- 
 ings, and James Duncan was Clerk of 1863. For the Pro- 
 ceedings of i860 see the United Presbyterian of June 6, i860; 
 and of 1863, see the same of June 11, 1863. 
 
SYNODS (united PRESBYTERIAN). II9 
 
 Historical Record 
 
 OF THE 
 
 GENERAL ASSEMBLY, THE SYNODS, AND THE PRESBYTERIES 
 
 OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF 
 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 IN the Adopting Act it was agreed ' ' that the supreme court 
 of the United Church shall be a General Assembly, to meet 
 annually, to be composed of delegates from the respective 
 Presbyteries, the number of delegates to be according to the 
 proportion of the members constituting each Presbytery, as 
 now fixed by the rules of the Associate Reformed Church, until 
 a change shall be found expedient." — Digest^ p. 222. It was 
 also agreed that the first General Assembly should be held in 
 Xenia, O., on the third Wednesday of May, 1859, at 7:30 p. m. 
 The aggregate assembly, in which the union was formally con- 
 summated. May 26, 1858, adjourned to meet at that time. 
 
 Accordingly the first General Assembly met in the First 
 United Presbyterian Church (formerly the Associate Re- 
 formed Church) of Xenia, at 7:30 p. m. of the i8th of May, 
 1859, ^^^^ after sermon by the Moderator, Rev. John T. 
 Pressly, was by him constituted with prayer. Forty-one 
 Presbyteries were represented, the consolidation not having 
 been completed in all, and 228 delegates, 116 ministers, 112 
 elders were enrolled. The Rev. Peter Bullions was chosen 
 Moderator; the Rev. James Prestley, Principal Clerk, and 
 the Rev. Thomas H. Beveridge, Assistant Clerk. 
 
 The ratio of representation was: From every Presbytery 
 containing two ministers, one minister and one ruling elder ; 
 for five ministers, two ; for eight ministers, three ; for four- 
 teen ministers, four ; and for every additional four ministers, 
 
I20 HISTORY OF 
 
 one minister and one ruling elder. — Digest^ p. 126. In 1861, 
 and thereafter, the ratio was that proposed in the Book of 
 Government, then in overture, until the adoption of the pres- 
 ent rule in 1866, by which the ratio is fixed at one minister 
 and one ruling elder for every seven ministers and for the 
 fraction over seven. 
 
 The first General Assembly fixed the term of office of the 
 Principal Clerk at four years, the Assistant Clerk to be elected 
 annually. The General Assembly of 1868 established the 
 ofiice of Second Clerk, with a term of four years. 
 
 Recent usage has fixed the fourth Wednesday of May for 
 the time of meeting of the General Assembly. — Digest^ p. 126. 
 
 THE SYNODS. 
 
 In the Adopting Act it was agreed "that there shall be 
 subordinate Synods, and these shall be the same as those now 
 existing in the Associate Reformed Church, to which Synods 
 the different Presbyteries in the Associate Church shall at- 
 tach themselves for the present, according to their location." 
 — Digest^ p. 222. The Synods referred to were: The Synod 
 of New York, the First Synod of the West, the Second Synod 
 of the West and the Synod of Illinois. 
 
 The Synod of New York. — Organized at York, Livingston 
 Co., N. Y., Oct. 13, 1858. The Associate Reformed Synod 
 met according to adjournment at 10 a. m. At 2:30 p. m. the 
 United Presbyterian Synod was constituted with prayer by 
 the Rev. Donald C. McLaren, the oldest minister present. 
 The Rev. Joseph T. Cooper was chosen Moderator, and the 
 Rev. J. B. Scouller, Stated Clerk. Presbyteries : Albany, 
 Cambridge, Philadelphia, Stamford and Vermont, of the As- 
 sociate Church ; Boston, Caledonia, New York, Philadelphia, 
 Saratoga and Washington, of the Associate Reformed. Ter- 
 ritory : The State of Maryland, the State of Pennsylvania 
 east of the Susquehanna river, following the eastern branch, 
 the State of New York, and northward and eastward. 
 
 In a suit entered by the Associate Reformed Synod against 
 a body claiming to be the true Synod, the Supreme Court of 
 the State of New York decided, July 3, 1861, that the privi- 
 leges and powers of Synod were not forfeited or impaired by 
 
SYNODS (united PRESBYTERIAN). 121 
 
 the members entering the Synod of the United Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 The Synod, Oct. 15, 1858, gave orders for the organization 
 of the Presbyteries of Albany, Argyle, Boston, Caledonia, 
 Delaware, New York, Philadelphia, Stamford and Vermont. 
 
 The First Synod of the West. — Organized in the Second 
 United Presbyterian Ch. of Pittsburgh, Pa., Oct. 6, 1858, at 
 9:30 a. m. The Synod was constituted with prayer by the 
 Rev. Samuel Findley. The Rev. William Wishart was 
 chosen Moderator, the Rev. R. Audley Browne, Stated Clerk, 
 and the Rev. John B, Clark, Assistant Clerk. Presbyteries: 
 Allegheny, Big Spring, Blairsville, Butler, Lake, Lawrence, 
 Mansfield, Monongahela, Second Ohio, Steubenville, West- 
 moreland and Wheeling, of the Associate Reformed Church; 
 Allegheny, Chartiers, Clarion, Muskingum, Ohio, Richland 
 and Shenango, of the Associate Church. Territory: The 
 State of Pennsylvania west of the Susquehanna river, fol- 
 lowing the eastern branch, and the State of Ohio east of the 
 Hockhocking river, and a line northward from its head- 
 waters to Lake Erie, including also the western part of Vir- 
 ginia. Enlarged, Oct. 2, 1861, by the reception of the Pres- 
 bytery of Detroit from the Second Synod; and May 30, 1874, 
 by the addition of the western part of the State of Michigan 
 to the Presbytery of Detroit. See Presbyteries of Michigan 
 and Detroit. Mm. First Synod JVest^ 1861, p. 6. Afin. Gen. 
 Ass.^ vol. iv., p. 13. Divided, Oct. 7, 1862, by the organi- 
 zation of the Synods of Pittsburgh and Ohio, by the order of 
 the General Assembly. Min, Gen. Ass.^ vol. i., p. 358. 
 The Synod, Oct. 8, 1858, gave orders for the organization 
 of the Presbyteries of Allegheny, Big Spring, Butler, Char- 
 tiers, Conemaugh, Lake, Mansfield, Mercer, Monongahela, 
 Muskingum, Ohio, Steubenville, Westmoreland and Wheel- 
 ing. It was incorporated April 11, 1859, ^Y ^^^ Legislature 
 of the State of Pennsylvania. Min. 1859, p. 5. 
 
 The Second Synod of the West. — Organized at Xenia, O., 
 Oct. 15, 1858, being constituted with prayer by the Rev. 
 Thomas Beveridge. The Rev. James P. Smart was chosen 
 Moderator, and the Rev. R. D. Harper, Stated Clerk, Pres- 
 byteries: Chillicothe, Indiana, Michigan, First Ohio, Sidney 
 
122 HISTORY OF 
 
 and Springfield, of the Associate Reformed Church; Detroit, 
 Southern Indiana, Miami and Richland of the Associate 
 Church. Territory: That part of the State of Ohio west of 
 the First Synod of the West, and the States of Indiana and 
 Michigan. Oct. 7, 1858, the Synod of Illinois transferred to 
 the Second Synod the counties in Illinois east of the Wabash 
 river; May 25, i860, the congregations of Blount Co., Tenn., 
 and places adjacent, were recognized as under the jurisdiction 
 of the Second Synod. Mhi. Gen. Ass., vol. i., p. 107. May 
 30, i860, the Presbytery of Detroit was transferred to the First 
 Synod of the West, subject to the consent of the Synods 
 concerned, /did., p. 123. This consent was given. See 
 First Synod of the West. May 30, 1874, on the dissolution 
 of the Presbytery of Michigan, the western part of the State 
 of Michigan was transferred to the First Synod. Min. Gen. 
 Ass., vol. iv, p. 13. The Synod, Oct. 15, 1858, gave orders 
 for the organization of the Presbyteries of Chillicothe, De- 
 troit, Indiana, Michigan, First Ohio, Sidney, Southern Indi- 
 ana and Xenia. It was incorporated Aug. 29, 1865. 
 
 The Synod of Illinois. — Organized at Monmouth, 111., Oct. 
 12, 1858, being constituted with prayer by the Rev. David 
 MacDill, senior minister. The Rev. Samuel McArthur was 
 chosen Moderator, and the Rev. J. C. Porter, Stated Clerk. 
 Presbyteries: First Illinois, Second Illinois, Iowa and Le 
 Claire, of the Associate Reformed Church; Illinois, Iowa and 
 Monmouth, of the Associate. Territory: The State of Illinois, 
 and north and west without limit. The Synod at its first 
 meeting transferred the counties in Illinois adjacent to the 
 Wabash river to the Second Synod. Divided Aug. 30, i860, 
 by the organization of the Synod of Iowa, and Sept. 29, 1869, 
 by the organization of the Synod of Kansas. Min. Gen. 
 Ass., vol. i, p. 107, vol. iii, p. 10. The General Assembly, 
 June 2, 1865, placed the missions in the State of Minnesota 
 under the care of the Presbytery of Wisconsin. June 4, 1873, 
 the Presbytery of Minnesota was transferred to the Synod of 
 Iowa. Min. Gen. Ass., vol. ii, pp. 156, 176, vol. iii, p. 543. 
 
 The Synod, Oct. 14, 1858, gave orders for the organization 
 of the Presbyteries of Bloomington, Chicago, Des Moines, 
 Kansas, Keokuk, Le Claire, Monmouth and St. Louis. 
 
SYNODS (united PRESBYTERIAN). 1 23 
 
 The Synod of Iowa. — Organized at Oskaloosa, Iowa, Aug. 
 30, i860, 7:30 p. m.. from the Synod of Illinois, by order of 
 the General Assembly. Min. vol. i, p. 107. It was consti- 
 tuted with prayer by the Rev. W. M. Boyse. The Rev. S. 
 Findley was chosen Moderator, and the Rev. Nathan Mc- 
 Dowell, Stated Clerk. Presbyteries: Des Moines, Keokuk 
 and IvC Claire. Territory: The States of Iowa and Minne- 
 sota, and the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, the Pres- 
 bytery of Kansas, however, to remain subject to the Synod 
 of Illinois. Sept. 29, 1869, divided by the organization of 
 the Synod of Kansas. Min. Gen. Ass.^ vol. ii, p. 10. The 
 Presbytery of Minnesota was, Jime 4, 1873, restored to the 
 Synod of Iowa by the General Assembly. Min. Gen. Ass.^ 
 vol. iii, p. 543. 
 
 The Synod of Pittsburgh. — Organized at Indiana, Pa., Oct. 
 7, 1862, 2 p. m. , from the First Synod of the West, by order 
 of the General Assembly. Min.^ vol. i, p. 358. It was con- 
 stituted with prayer by the Rev. Joseph Scroggs. The Rev. 
 Robert Gracey was chosen Moderator, the Rev. J. G. Carson, 
 Stated Clerk, and the Rev. John G. Brown, Assistant Clerk. 
 Presbyteries: Big Spring, Chartiers, Conemaugh, Frankfort, 
 Monongahela and Westmoreland. Territory: That part of 
 the State of Pennsylvania bounded on the east by the Sus- 
 quehanna river, following the eastern branch; and on the 
 west by a line northward from the point on the Allegheny 
 river where it is nearest to Lake Erie (?'. ^., a few miles west 
 of Warren, Pa.) and southward by the Allegheny and Ohio 
 rivers to the mouth of Short creek. West Virginia; thence by 
 Short creek to West Alexander, Pa. ; thence south indefi- 
 nitely. 
 
 The Synod of Ohio. — Organized at Steubenville, O., Oct. 
 7, 1862, 7 p. m., by order of the General Assembly. Min. 
 Gen. Ass. vol. i, p. 358. It was constituted with prayer by 
 the Rev. William Taggart. The Rev. John Comin was 
 chosen Moderator, and the Rev. William Johnston, Stated 
 Clerk, Presbyteries: Mansfield, Muskingum, Steubenville 
 and Wheeling. Territory: From Lake Erie on the north, by 
 the Ohio canal from Cleveland to Massillon; thence to the 
 mouth of Yellow creek; thence by the Ohio river to George- 
 
124 HISTORY OF 
 
 town, Pa. ; thence by Short creek eastward to West Alexan- 
 der, Pa.; thence south indefinitely; on the south not defined; 
 on the west from the mouth of the Hockhocking river to its 
 head-waters; thence by a line north to Lake Erie. 
 
 The Synod of Kansas. — Organized at Leavenworth, Kan., 
 Sept. 29, 1869, 7:30 p. m., from the Synod of Illinois, by 
 order of the General Assembly — Min.^ vol. iii, p. 10 — the 
 Rev. Samuel Jamison presiding. The Rev. J. N. Smith was 
 chosen Moderator, and the Rev. W. C. Williamson, Stated 
 Clerk. Presbyteries: Kansas and Western Missouri. Terri- 
 tory : Southward indefinitely from the States of Iowa and Ne- 
 braska, and west from the meridian of Jefferson City, Mo. , to 
 the crest of the Rocky mountains. 
 
 The Synod of the Pacific. — Organized at Albany, Ore., 
 Sept. 13, 1877, 7:30 p. m., by order of the General Assembly 
 — Alin.^ vol. iv, p. 308 — the Rev. S. G. Ir\dne presiding. 
 The Rev. George McCormick was chosen Moderator, and the 
 Rev. M. M. Gibson, Stated Clerk. Presbyteries: Oregon and 
 San Francisco. Territory : All west of the crest of the Rocky 
 mountains. The Synod was authorized, June 2, 1879, to 
 hold biennial meetings. — Mm. Gen. Ass.^ vol. v, p. 20. 
 
 PRESBYTERIES. 
 The Presbyteries are arranged under the Synods as now 
 constituted; the original ones in alphabetical order, the later 
 ones in the order of their organization. 
 
 THE SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Albany. — Organized at Albany, N. Y., Nov. 9, 1859, from 
 the Presbyteries of Albany and Saratoga, the Rev. Addison 
 Henry presiding. Ministers: Peter Bullions, J. L. Clark, 
 George M. Hall, Addison Henry, S. F. Morrow, David Strang 
 and Andrew Thomas. Territory: North of a line from the 
 southern extremity of Otsego lake to a point on the Hudson 
 river immediately south of Albany, and east of Cayuga lake. 
 Sept. — , 1871, enlarged by the transfer of the congregation 
 of Lisbon from the disorganized Presbytery of St. Lawrence. 
 
 Argyle. — Organized at S. Argyle, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1859, from 
 the Presbyteries of Cambridge and Washington, the Rev. Geo, 
 Mairs presiding. Ministers: Chauncey Webster, Isaac Law, 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 1 25 
 
 J. B. Sconller, W. B. Shortt, W. E. Henniiig, Hugh Brown, 
 Henry Gordon, James C. Forsythe, John Harper, James A. 
 DufF, John B. Dunn, John Crawford, Peter Campbell, John 
 G. Smart, James Law, John W. Harsha, George Mairs, Wil- 
 liam Howden, William Hawthorne. Territory: That portion 
 of the State of New York lying north of Rensselaer county 
 and east of Saratoga and Jefferson counties, and also Canada 
 East. Dec. 2, 1862, divided by the organization of the Pres- 
 bytery of St. Lawrence. From Sept. 21, 1877, to Oct. 23, 
 1878, had jurisdiction, by order of Synod, over the territory 
 of the Vermont Presbytery. 
 
 Boston. — Organized at Lawrence, Mass., Oct. 18, 1859, 
 from the Presbyteries of Boston and New York, the Rev. Al- 
 exander Blaikie presiding. Ministers: Alexander Blaikie, 
 William McLaren, John M. Heron, James Dinsmore and 
 James Williamson. Territory: The States of Massachusetts, 
 Connecticut and Rhode Island. 
 
 Caledonia. — Organized at Rochester, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1859, 
 from the Presbyteries of Caledonia and Albany, the Rev. 
 Donald C. McLaren presiding. Ministers: Donald C. Mc- 
 Laren, John Van Eaton, David Currie, D. C. McVean, Wil- 
 liam S. McLaren, P. C. Robertson, Thomas F. Boyd, F. M. 
 Proctor, J. L. Robertson. Territory: The same as the Pres- 
 bytery of Caledonia, A. R., viz: All that part of the State of 
 New York west of Cayuga lake except the city of Buffalo. 
 
 , 1867, the congregation of Buffalo was received from 
 
 the Lake Presbytery. 
 
 Delaware. — Organized at West Delhi, N. Y., Nov. 9, 1859, 
 from the Presbyteries of Albany and Saratoga, the Rev. John 
 Erskine presiding. Ministers: William J. Cleland, James B. 
 Lee, R. D. Williamson, John Erskine, John Rippey, W. C. 
 Somers, D. C. Niven, John E. Taylor. Territory: South of 
 a line from the southern extremity of Otsego Lake to a point 
 on the Hudson river immediately south of Albany and east 
 of Cayuga Lake. 
 
 First New York. — Organized in Jane St. Church, New 
 York, Nov. 9, 1859, ^s the Presbytery of New York, from the 
 Associate and Associate Reformed Presbyteries of New York, 
 the Rev. Alexander McWilliams presiding. Ministers: H. H. 
 
126 HISTORY OF 
 
 Blair, James Harper, John Brash, James Thompson, S. F. 
 Farmer, W. L. McElhany, Hugh W. Todd, D. Donnan, D. 
 J. Patterson, John Service and Alexander McWilliams. Ter- 
 ritory : So much of the States of New York and New Jersey 
 as lies south of Newburgh, on the Hudson, and east of 2° 30' 
 east longitude from Washington. Nov. 5, 1861, divided by 
 the organization of the Second Presbytery and the name 
 changed to the First Presbytery. (See Second New York.) 
 
 Philadelphia. — Organized at Oxford, Pa., Oct. 25, 1859, 
 from the Associate and Associate Reformed Presbyteries of 
 Philadelphia, the Rev. Joseph T. Cooper presiding. Minis- 
 ters: William Easton, Joseph T. Cooper, John B. Dales, 
 Francis Church, Robert Armstrong, Thomas H. Beveridge, 
 J. H. Andrew, George C. Arnold, William Bruce, James 
 Price and W. W. Barr. Territory : West of the Presbytery of 
 New York to the Susquehanna river, following the eastward 
 branch northward indefinitely, including also the State of 
 Maryland. — Min, Gen. Ass., Vol. i, p. 38. 
 
 Stamford. — Continued from the Presbytery of Stamford, 
 without change. Ministers: John Gillespie, Robert McAllis- 
 ter, D. H. Goodwillie, John B. Wilson, Robert Acheson. 
 Territory: The churches in the Province of Ontario, Canada, 
 without defined boundaries. 
 
 Vermont. — Organized at Barnet, Vt, May 14, i860, from 
 the Associate Presbytery of Vermont, without change, the 
 Rev. Thomas Goodwillie presiding. Ministers: Thomas 
 Goodwillie, Gawn Campbell. Territory: The churches in 
 the State of Vermont, without definite boundaries. May 30, 
 1868, temporarily attached by the General Assembly to the 
 Presbytery of Argyle, until pastoral settlements were made. 
 Sept. 21, 1877, dissolved by the Synod and congregations at- 
 tached to the Presbytery of Argyle in consequence of removals. 
 Reorganized at Greensboro', Vt., Oct. 23, 1878, by order of 
 Synod. 
 
 Second New York. — Organized in the Charles St. Church, 
 New York, Nov. 5, 1861, by order of the Synod, from the 
 Presbytery of New York, the Rev. H. H. Blair presiding. 
 Ministers: H. H. Blair, David J. Patterson, John Brash and 
 David Donnan. Territory: The dividing line was so ar- 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 1 27 
 
 ranged as to include the following congregations: Charles 
 Street, Jane Street, West Forty-fourth Street, First Brook- 
 lyn, Second Brooklyn and Newark. Consolidated with the 
 First, Jan. 17, 1882. 
 
 Sf. Laivrence. — Organized at Hinchinbrook, Canada, Dec. 
 2, 1862, from the Presbytery of Argyle, by order of the 
 Synod, the Rev. Chauncey Webster presiding. Ministers: 
 Chauncey Webster, William Hawthorne and John Harper. 
 Territory: West of Lake Champlain, and north of a straight 
 line from Burlington, Vt., to Oswego, N. Y. Some of the 
 ministers having removed, and some of the congregations 
 having connected with the Canada Presbyterian Church, the 
 Presbytery was fonually dissolved by the Synod Sept. 1-4, 
 187 1, and the Rev. John Harper and the congregation of 
 Lisbon were attached to the Presbytery of Albany. 
 
 THE FIRST SYNOD OF THE WEST. 
 
 In the act of Synod for the organization of Presbyteries, Oct. 
 8, 1858, it was resolved "That any Presbyter whose congre- 
 gation may lie upon, or contiguous to, any dividing line 
 between two Presbyteries shall, for the present, have the 
 privilege of connecting with that Presbytery which is most 
 convenient or easiest of access to him. ' ' Hence many con- 
 gregations are connected with Presbyteries within whose 
 bounds, as defined by the Synod, they were not included. 
 The actual boundaries are therefore somewhat irregular. 
 
 Allegheny. — Organized in the First Church, Allegheny, 
 Pa., Nov. 2, 1858, 2 p. m., from the A. and A. R. Presby- 
 teries, of Allegheny, the Rev. John T. Pressly presiding. 
 (The printed minutes of the Synod, p. 17, give the first 
 Tuesday of Dec. as the appointment for the organization.) 
 Ministers: John T. Pressly, James Rodgers, John C. Steele, 
 D. H. A. McLean, B. F. Sawyer, A. G. Shafer, Samuel 
 Patterson, D. W. Carson, J. L. Fairley, William G. Reed, 
 David G. Bradford, Josiah Thompson, William L. McConnel 
 and James Given. Territory: Beginning at the Armstrong 
 Co. line; thence down the Allegheny and Ohio rivers to 
 the mouth of Saw Mill run ; thence by the Steubenville turn- 
 pike to the Washington Co. line; thence to Georgetown, on 
 the Ohio river; thence by the river to the Ohio and Pennsyl- 
 
128 HISTORY OF 
 
 vania State line; tlieuce to the southwest corner of Lawrence 
 Co. ; thence east and then north of the lines of Lawrence Co. 
 to the Mercer and Harmony road; thence southerly by said 
 road to the Allegheny Co. line; thence to the Allegheny 
 river. Sept. 28, i860, enlarged by the addition of that part 
 of the Ohio Presbytery lying north and east of the road from 
 New Lisbon to Beaver. This line was again modified Oct. 
 3, 1861. (See Cleveland.) Divided Oct. 26, 1859, by the 
 organization of Frankford Presbytery, and also Nov. 7, 1871, 
 by the organization of the Presbytery of Beaver Valley. 
 
 BiUler. — Organized at Kittanning, Pa., Oct. 26, 1858, i 
 p. m., from the Presbyteries of Butler and Shenango, the 
 Rev. Isaiah Niblock presiding. Ministers: Isaiah Niblock, 
 Wm. Galbraith, W. P. Breaden, John N. Dick, Samuel Kerr, 
 W. Smith, A. R. Rankin, W. H. Jamison, W. A. Black, 
 John Jamison and John A. Campbell. Territory: From the 
 south line of the Fifth Donation district, {i. e. a line due east 
 from a point on the Ohio and Pennsylvania State line, about 
 two or three miles north of Sharon, Pa., to the Allegheny 
 river,) by the Meadville and Mercer turnpike, to but not in- 
 cluding the town of Mercer; thence by the Mercer and Har- 
 mony road to Allegheny Co. ; thence by the Butler and Alle- 
 gheny Co. line to the Allegheny river; thence by the river to 
 the south line of the Fifth Donation district; thence by that 
 line to place of beginning, including also congregation of 
 Kittanning on the east side of the Allegheny river. 
 
 Cleveland. — Organized as the Presbytery of Ohio^ at New 
 Lisbon, O., Dec. 14, 1858, 11 a. m., from the Presbyteries of 
 Ohio and Steubenville, the Rev. David Goodwillie presiding. 
 Ministers: David Goodwillie, James McGill, James W. Logue, 
 Samuel W. Clark, S. T. Herron, James Golden. Territory: 
 That part of the State of Ohio lying east of the Ohio canal 
 from Cleveland to Massillon, and east and north of Yellow 
 creek. Sept. 28, i860, divided by the transfer of that part 
 south of the Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad to the Presby- 
 tery of Steubenville; that part north and east of the road from 
 New Lisbon to Beaver to the Presbytery of Allegheny; and 
 the counties of Trumbull and Mahoning, O., to the Presby- 
 tery of Mercer. At the same time the name was changed to 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 129 
 
 the Presbytery of Cleveland. Oct. 3, 1861, the boundaries 
 were re-arranged as follows: From and including the city of 
 Cleveland by a straight line to Canton; thence to New Lis- 
 bon ; thence to the Ohio and Pennsylvania State line, leaving 
 East Palestine to the right; thence by the State line to Lake 
 Erie. Sept. 28, 1876, the congregation of Leetonia was trans- 
 ferred temporarily to Beaver Valley, and Sept. 26, 1878, the 
 congregations of Leetonia, East Palestine and Clarkson were 
 transferred to Cleveland Presbytery. 
 
 Detroit. — Continued from the Presbytery of Detroit without 
 change. The first meeting was held Ap. 13, 1859, '^^^ Rev. 
 J. McClellan presiding. Ministers: James M. Smeallie, An- 
 drew Irons and John McClellan. Territory: That part of the 
 State of Michigan lying north of the State of Ohio. May 30, 
 i860, the General Assembly — Aliit.^ vol. i, p. 123 — authorized 
 the transfer of the Presbytery to the First Synod of the West, 
 subject to the consent of the Synods concerned. This con- 
 sent was given by the Second Synod in i860, and the western 
 boundary was fixed at 7^° longitude west from Washington. 
 The Presbytery was received by the First Synod, Oct. 2, 1861. 
 Enlarged, May 30, 1874, by the addition of that part of the 
 Presbytery of Michigan which was in the State of Michigan. 
 — Mill. Gen. Ass.^ vol. iv, p. 13. 
 
 Lake. — Organized at Cochranton, Pa., Nov. 9, 1858, 2 p. 
 m., from the Presbyteries of the Lakes and Shenango, the 
 Rev. Matthew Snodgrass presiding. Ministers: M. Snod- 
 grass, Joseph H. Pressly, H. H. Thompson, Clark Kendall, 
 H. H. Hervey, William Bruce, Thomas Love, James Bor- 
 rows, Joseph N. Collins, Alex. Murray and Joseph McClin- 
 tock. Territory: South from Lake Erie, by the Ohio and 
 Pennsylvania State line, to the south line of the Fifth Dona- 
 tion district; thence east to the Allegheny river; thence north 
 by the river to its nearest point to Lake Erie. Feb. 5, 1867, 
 the Presbytery transferred the congregation of Buffalo to the 
 Presbytery of Caledonia. 
 
 Mercer. — Organized at Mercer, Pa., Jan. 5, 1859, ^^ ^- ^'j 
 
 from the Presbyteries of Lawrence and Shenango, Rev. R. 
 
 Audley Browne presiding. Ministers: John Neil, D. R. Im- 
 
 brie, William A. Mehard, R. A. Browne, Josiah Alexander, 
 
 9 
 
130 HISTORY OF 
 
 Samuel Alexander, George C. Vincent, Robert McWatty, D. 
 W. French, B. K. Ormond, John Armstrong, Edward Small, 
 W. C. Jackson, James Patterson, William Findley, J. P. 
 Ramsey, A. M. Black, William T. Reed and Joseph Banks. 
 Territory: South, by the Pennsylvania and Ohio State line 
 from the south line of the Fifth Donation district to the 
 southwest corner of Lawrence co. ; thence east and north by 
 the lines of Lawrence co. to the Mercer and Harmony road; 
 thence by said road to and including Mercer; thence north 
 by the Mercer and Meadville turnpike to south line of Fifth 
 Donation district; thence west to State line. Sept. 28, i860, 
 the counties of Trumbull and Mahoning, O., were added 
 from the Cleveland Presbytery, but, Oct. 3, 1861, were re- 
 stored. Divided Nov. 7, 1871, by the organization of the 
 Presbytery of Beaver Valley. 
 
 Beaver Valley. — Organized at New Galilee, Pa. (Rocky 
 Spring Church), Nov. 7, 1871, from the Presbyteries of Alle- 
 gheny and Mercer, by order of the Synod, the Rev, A. G. 
 Wallace presiding. By a misunderstanding of the appoint- 
 ment of Synod, the Presbytery was organized on Nov. 7 in- 
 stead of Nov. 14, This action was confirmed by the Synod, 
 Sept. 26, 1872. Ministers: Samuel Patterson, H. Sturgeon, 
 Samuel Alexander, T. W. Winter, A. Y. Houston, J. H. Pea- 
 cock, A. G. Wallace, J. W. Bain, J. C. Wilson, H. R. Mc- 
 Clelland, J. I. Frazer, D. D. Christy, D. H. A. McLean, 
 R. Audley Browne and J. C. Evans. Territor}^: Beaver co.. 
 Pa. , north of the Ohio river, and Lawrence co. south of a line 
 due east from the intersection of the State line and the line 
 between Coitsville and Poland township, and with the con- 
 gregations of East Palestine, Clarkson and Poland, in the 
 State of Ohio. Sept. 28, 1876, the congregation of Leetonia 
 was temporarily transferred from Cleveland Presbytery, 
 Sept. 26, 1878, the congregations of East Palestine, Clarkson 
 and Leetonia were transferred to the Cleveland Presbytery. 
 
 Ohio. — (See Cleveland.) 
 
 THE SYNOD OF PITTSBURGH. 
 
 Big Spring. — Organized at Newville, Pa., June 8, 1859, 
 from the Presbyteries of Big Spring and Philadelphia, Rev. 
 Joseph McKee presiding. The appointment of the First 
 
PRESBYTERIES (united PRESBYTERIAn). I3I 
 
 Synod of the West for the organization was Nov. 11, 1858, 
 II a. m., but as the territory included a part of the Associate 
 Presbytery of Philadelphia in the Synod of New York, the 
 General Assembly, on memorial of the Philadelphia Presby- 
 tery, authorized the organization and fixed the eastern bound- 
 ary — Min.^ vol. i, p. 38. Ministers: Joseph McKee, James 
 Shields, D. B. Jones, William Carlile, Francis McBirney, 
 James Bruce, Joseph Boyd, William McElwee and John M. 
 Adair. Territory: That part of the State of Pennsylvania 
 lying between the Susquehanna river, following the eastern 
 branch, and the summit of the Allegheny mountains. 
 
 Chartiers. — Organized at Washington, Pa., Nov. 30, 1858, 
 7 p. m. , from the Presbyteries of Chartiers, Monongahela and 
 Steubenville, the Rev. Thomas Hanna presiding. Ministers: 
 Thomas Hanna, William M. McElwee, Samuel Taggart, B. 
 Boyd, James C. Campbell, James G. Rankin, J, T. Browulee, 
 J. R. Thompson, John B. Clark, Alex. Donnan, James G. 
 Carson, William M. Gibson, J. C. Herron. Territory: From 
 West Alexander, Pa., south indefinitely, and west by Short 
 creek to the Ohio river; thence by the river to Georgetown, 
 Beaver Co. , Pa. ; thence to the line of Washington Co. ; thence 
 by that line to the Monongahela river; thence southward in- 
 definitely. Tumlinson's run and King's creek congregations 
 connected with the Allegheny Presbytery, and Canonsburg 
 with the Monongahela. Sept. 30, 1859, Canonsburg was re- 
 stored and Tumlinson's run and King's creek were given to 
 Frankfort Presbytery. 
 
 Conemaugh. — Organized at Shelocta, Pa., Nov. 12, 1858, 
 II a. m., from the Presbyteries of Blairsville, Clarion and Al- 
 legheny (A.), the Rev. David Blair presiding. Ministers: 
 David Blair, William Connor, Samuel Anderson, Matthew H. 
 Wilson, Byron Porter, John C. Telford, J. L-. Purdy, David 
 K. Duff, Henry Q. Graham and Joseph C. Grier. Territory: 
 From the mouth of the Kiskiminitas, by the Allegheny river, 
 to the New York State line; thence southward to the head- 
 waters of the Conemaugh river, on the summit of the Alle- 
 gheny mountains; thence westward by the Conemaugh and 
 Kiskiminitas rivers to the Allegheny river. West Fairfield 
 elected Conemaugh Presbytery. Sal tsburg (April-June), 1859, 
 
132 HISTORY OF 
 
 and Apollo, , i860, were transferred to Westmoreland 
 
 Presbyter>^ Divided Nov. 26, 1872, by the organization of 
 the Presbytery of Brookville. Oct. 20, 1880, Beracha, Smyrna 
 and Mahoning congregations, which in 1872 elected Cone- 
 maugh, were transferred to Brookville, and the congregations 
 of Apollo and Union from Westmoreland to Conemaugh Pres- 
 bytery. 
 
 Mo7iongahela. — Organized at Mansfield, Pa., Nov. 3, 1858, 
 from the Presbyteries of Monongahela and Allegheny (A,), 
 the Rev. S. B. Reed presiding. Ministers: James Prestley, 
 Robert Gracey, James Greer, David R. Kerr, John G. Brown, 
 H. K. Lusk, W. H. Andrew, F. A. Hntchinson, George K. 
 Ormond, Henry C. McFarland, S. B. Reed, A. T. Houston, 
 John C. Boyd and Alexander Calhoun. Territory: From the 
 mouth of Turtle creek by a direct line to Logan's Ferry; 
 thence by the Allegheny and Ohio rivers to the mouth of Saw 
 Mill run; thence by the Steubenville turnpike to the Wash- 
 ington county line; thence southward by that line to the 
 Monongahela river; thence by the river to place of begin- 
 ning, Peter's creek congregation to be included. Oct. 26, 
 1859, divided by the organization of the Frankfort Presby- 
 tery. Sept. 30, 1859, the congregation of Canonsburg, which 
 had elected Monongahela, was transferred to the Chartiers 
 Presbyter>', and Oct. 19, 1869, Peter's Creek was also trans- 
 ferred. May 31, 1880, the congregations of Chase City and 
 Stanton River, Va., were transferred by the General Assem- 
 bly from Mansfield to Monongahela Presbytery. — Min. Gen. 
 Ass., vol. v., p. 188. 
 
 Westmoreland. — Organized at Turtle Creek, Pa., Oct. 27, 
 1858, II A. M., from the Presbyteries of Westmoreland and 
 Allegheny (A.), the Rev. Joseph Scroggs presiding. Minis- 
 ters: Joseph Scroggs, Matthew McKinstry, J. G. Fulton, 
 Samuel Jamison, David H. Pollock, James H. Fife, James 
 Kelso and A. G. Wallace. Territory: From the summit of 
 the Allegheny mountains at the headwaters of the Conemaugh 
 (near Gallitzin, Pa.), southerly indefinitely; west of the Cone- 
 maugh and Kiskiminitas rivers to the Allegheny; thence by 
 the river to Logan's Ferry; thence by direct line to the mouth 
 of Turtle creek, including the congregations of Unity and 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 1 33 
 
 Turtle creek; thence southward by the Monongahela river in- 
 definitely, June 21, 1859, ^^^^ congregation of Saltsburg was 
 received from the Presbytery of Conemaugh, and also, 1860- 
 61, the congregation of Apollo; June 22, 1864, enlarged by 
 the organization of the congregation of Braddock's Fields. 
 Oct. 20, 1880, the congregations of Apollo and Union were 
 transferred to the Presbytery of Conemaugh. 
 
 Frankfort. — Organized at Hanover Church, Oct. 26, 1859, 
 by order of the First Synod of the West, from the Presbyteries 
 of Allegheny and Chartiers, the Rev. W. M. McElwee presid- 
 ing. Ministers: W. M. McElwee, J. G. Rankin, David W. 
 Carson, James C. Campbell, Josiah Thompson, James Hagerty, 
 Marcus Ormond, W. L. Wilson and J. L. Purdy. Territory : 
 From the Ohio river by Cross creek to Cross Creek village; 
 thence to Burgettstown, including Cross Creek and connec- 
 tion ; thence to the Steubenville turnpike at the Washington 
 county line; thence direct to the north of Flaherty's run, on 
 the Ohio river, leaving Gilead on the east; and thence by the 
 river to the mouth of Cross creek. 
 
 Brookville. — Organized at Beaver Run Church Nov. 26, 
 1872, 2 P. M., from the Presbytery of Conemaugh, the Rev. J. 
 C. Greer presiding. Ministers: George C. Vincent, David K. 
 Duff, Joseph C. Greer, M. S. Telford and Samuel C. Brown. 
 Territory: That part of the Presbytery of Conemaugh north 
 of a line from the Allegheny river at the mouth of Crooked 
 creek directly east. 
 
 THE SYNOD OF OHIO. 
 
 Mansfield. — Organized at Mansfield, O., Oct. 22, 1858, 11 
 A. M., from the Presbyteries of Mansfield and Richland, the 
 Rev. Samuel Irvine presiding. Ministers: Samuel Irvine, 
 Richard Gaily, R. G. Thompson, James Y. Ashenhust, David 
 W. Collins, David Paul, John P. Scott, W. H. French, J. W. 
 McFarland, Andrew McCartney and J. I^. McLean. Territory: 
 From, but not including, Cleveland, O. , by the Ohio canal to 
 Newark; thence due west to the western boundary of the 
 First Synod of the West; thence northward to Lake Erie. 
 The congregation of Chase City, in Mecklenburgh Co., Va., 
 was organized July 24, 1872, by the Presbyter>' of which the 
 pastor was a member, and with its connections, remained 
 
134 HISTORY OF 
 
 under its jurisdiction until transferred by the General Assem- 
 bly to the Presbytery of Monongahela, May 31, 1880. — Min. 
 Ge7i. Ass., vol. v., p. 188. 
 
 Muskingum. — Organized at New Concord, O., Nov. 15, 
 1858, from the Presbyteries of Muskingum and Second Ohio, 
 the Rev. Samuel Findley presiding. Ministers: Samuel 
 Findley, Benjamin Waddle, John Wallace, J, M. Henderson, 
 J. H. Peacock, Thomas Brown, John Comin, James McNeal, 
 James Duncan, John Patterson, James P. Lytle, S. C. Reid, 
 William Johnston, E. B. Calderhead, H. Forsythe and Ran- 
 dall Ross. Territory: From Marietta, O. , north to the south- 
 west corner of Belmont Co. ; thence by the county line to the 
 northwest corner of Belmont Co. ; thence northwest to New- 
 comerstown; thence by the Ohio canal to Newark; thence west 
 to the line of the First Synod of the West; thence by that line 
 southward indefinitely. Oct. 20, 1880, the congregations of 
 Caledonia, W. Va., and Little Muskingum, O., were trans- 
 ferred to it from Wheeling Presbyter^' by order of Synod. 
 
 Steubejiville. — Organized at Steubenville, O., Dec. i, 1858, 
 II a. m., from the Presbyteries of Steubenville and Muskin- 
 gum, the Rev. William Lorimer presiding. Ministers: 
 Thomas Wilson, John S. Easton, William Lorimer, J. 
 McKirahan, J. K. Andrews, J. H. Peacock, Thomas R. Simp- 
 son. Territory: From the Ohio river, at the Mouth of Yel- 
 low creek, west of Massillon,0. ; thence south to Newcomers- 
 town ; thence to the northwest corner of Belmont co. ; thence 
 by the north line of Belmont co. to the Ohio river; thence 
 by the river to the mouth of Yellow creek. Oct. 3, 1859, the 
 line dividing from the Presbytery of Wheeling was changed 
 so as to be from the Ohio river at Warrenton, by Short creek 
 to Cadiz, O. ; thence by the new Philadelphia road through 
 Franklin to the point where the road intersects the line of 
 the Muskingum Presbytery, placing the congregations of 
 Cadiz and Franklin in the Wheeling Presbytery and Warren- 
 ton in Steubenville. Enlarged Sept. 28, i860, by the ad- 
 dition of that part of the Presbytery of Ohio lying south of 
 the Pittsburgh and Fort Wayne railroad. Oct. 3, 1861, the 
 boundar}^ with the Cleveland Presbytery was changed so as 
 to be from Canton to New Lisbon ; thence east, New Lisbon 
 beinor with Cleveland. 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 1 35 
 
 Wheeling. — Organized at Uniontown, O., Oct. 19, 1858, 
 from the Presbyteries of Wheeling and Muskingum, the Rev. 
 William Taggart presiding. Ministers: William Wishart, 
 Alexander Wilson, William Grimes, David F. Reid, Alex. 
 D. Clark, J. S. McCready, Hugh Parks, James T. McClure 
 and J. C. Murch. Territory: From Marietta, O., north to 
 southwest corner of Belmont co. ; thence by western and 
 northern lines of Belmont co, ; to the Ohio river; thence 
 by the river to Short Creek, W. Va., to West Alexander; 
 southern and eastern line undefined. Oct. 3, 1859, enlarged 
 by a change in the line dividing from the Presbytery of 
 Steubenville. (See Steubenville.) Ap. 10, 1877, the congre- 
 gation of Tippecanoe was temporarily attached to, and Oct. 
 20, 1880, Caledonia, W. Va,, and Little Muskingum, O., 
 were transferred to the Presbytery of Muskingum. 
 
 THE SECOND SYNOD. 
 
 The Second Synod of the West, at its meeting Oct. 15, 
 1858, resolved that in general, as far as practicable, the iden- 
 tity of the various Presbyteries should be maintained ; there- 
 fore, but one new Presbytery was organized. There was no 
 general order for the formal organization of the others. The 
 ministers and congregations attached themselves to existing 
 organizations, and the Presbyteries continued with but little 
 perceptible change. If there was no formal reorganization, 
 the first meeting after the above action of Synod is taken as 
 the date of the new reorganization. 
 
 Chillicothe. — Organized at Unity Church, Harshasville, O., 
 Ap. 20, 1859, from the Presbyteries of Chillicothe and Miami, 
 the Rev. Andrew Richie presiding. Ministers: James Ar- 
 buthnot, David MacDill, J. H. Bonner, Andrew Richie, A. 
 W. McClenahan, John Gilmore, William H. Prestley, N. R. 
 Kirkpatrick, Joseph Buchanan, Thomas McCague and Gil- 
 bert Small. Territory: Unchanged, viz.: Eastward from a 
 line through Williamsburg, in Clermont co., O., and Wil- 
 mington, in Clinton co. , to the Hockhocking river and south- 
 ward. 
 
 Detroit. — (See under the First Synod of the West.) 
 
 Indiana. — Organized at Spring Hill, Ind., Ap. 13, 1859, 
 from the Presbyteries of Indiana and Southern Indiana, the 
 
136 HISTORY OF 
 
 Rev. M. Arnott presiding. Ministers: Moses Arnott, Joseph 
 R. Walker, Nathan C. McDill, J. F. Hutchison and Thomas 
 Dickson. Territory: That part of the State of Indiana lying 
 south of the 40° north latitude and east of the New Albany 
 and Salem railroad. The southern boundary is not defined, 
 but the churches in Kentucky, west of a line due south from 
 the mouth of the Great Miami, were included in the former 
 Presbytery. 
 
 Michigan. — Organized at Camden, Ind., Jan. 19, 1859, from 
 the Presbytery of Michigan. Ministers: S. C. Baldridge, 
 Thomas Calahan, James N. Buchanan, John Anderson, David 
 Morrow, Thomas Mercer, J. H. Smith, J. R. Shepherd, Alex- 
 ander McCahan, William Lind, James A. Frazier. Terri- 
 tory: The State of Indiana north of latitude 40° and the 
 State of Michigan north of Indiana. Divided, Oct. 27, 1864, 
 by the organization of the Wabash Presbytery. Dissolved by 
 the General Assembly May 30, 1874 — yl//;^., vol. iv., p. 13. 
 That part within the State of Michigan being transferred to 
 the Presbytery of Detroit, and that part within the State of 
 Indiana to the Wabash Presbytery; the records to be trans- 
 ferred to the Presbytery of Wabash. 
 
 Northern Indiana — (See Wabash.) 
 
 First Ohio. — Organized at Fairhaven, O., Dec. 21, 1858, 
 from the Presbyteries of First Ohio and Miami, the Rev. A. 
 Aten presiding. Ministers: A. Aten, P. Monfort, J. H. Bu- 
 chanan, S. W. McCracken, John Y. Scouller, William David- 
 son, George D. Archibald, Robert H. Pollock, R. K. Camp- 
 bell, William McCune and John S. Robertson. Territor}^: 
 That part of the State of Ohio lying westward from a line 
 through Williamsburgh, in Clermont co., and Wilmington, 
 in Clinton co. , and southward from a line through Greenville, 
 in Darke co., and Bellebrook, in Greene co., including Day- 
 ton and Richmond, Ind. The southern boundary was not 
 defined, but formerly the churches in Kentucky east of a line 
 due south from the mouth of the Great Miami were included. 
 
 Princeton. — Organized as the Presbytery o{ Southern Indi- 
 ana.^ at Bloomington, Ind., May 13, 1859, from the Presby- 
 teries of Southern Indiana and Indiana, the Rev. Wm. Turner 
 presiding. Ministers: John Bryan, John L. Craig, R. Gray, 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 1 37 
 
 James Ingles, William Turner and Thomas Turner. Terri- 
 tory : That part of the State of Indiana south of north latitude 
 40° and west of the New Albany and Salem railroad, includ- 
 ing also the counties in Illinois adjacent to the Wabash river; 
 transferred by the Synod Oct. 7, 1858. Divided Oct. 31, 
 1865, by the organization of the Presbytery of White River. 
 At the same time, by act of Synod Sept. 28, 1865, the name 
 was changed to Princeton. Enlarged, Sept. 29, 1871, by the 
 union of the Presbytery of White River. 
 
 Sidney. — Organized at Urbana, O., Nov, 18, 1858, from the 
 Presbyteries of Sidney and Miami, the Rev. C. T. McCaughan 
 presiding. Ministers: J. R. Bonner, Jackson Duff, Samuel 
 Wallace, C. T. McCaughan, Joseph McHatton, William 
 Wright, James Wallace, Isaac N. Laughead and J. L. Bull. 
 Territory: That part of the State of Ohio lying west of the 
 Mansfield Presbytery, and north of an extension of the line 
 between Champaign and Clark counties, west to the Indiana 
 State line, and the northern lines of Madison and Franklin 
 counties, to the Mansfield Presbytery. 
 
 Southern Indiana. — (See Princeton.) 
 
 Tennessee. — Organized at Nashville, Nov. 13, 1866, by 
 order of the Second Synod, from congregations placed under 
 its jurisdiction by the General Assembly, the Rev. David 
 Strang presiding. Ministers: David Strang, D. S. McHenry, 
 and J. G. McKee. Territory: The State of Tennessee. 
 
 Xenia. — Organized at Springfield, O., Dec. 28, 1858, from 
 the Presbyteries of Springfield and Miami, the Rev. Samuel 
 Wilson presiding. Ministers: Joseph Clokey, R. D. Harper, 
 G. W. Gowdy, Robert E. Stewart, J. P. Wright, Thomas 
 Beveridge, Samuel Wilson, Robert Forrester, J. P. Smart, 
 Cyrus Cummings and Hugh McHatton. Territory: The 
 counties of Clinton, Greene, Clark, Madison, Franklin and 
 Fayette. 
 
 Wabash. — Organized at Providence Church, Clinton co, , 
 Ind., Oct. 27, 1864, by order of the Second Synod, from the 
 Presbytery of Michigan, the Rev. J. P. Wright presiding. 
 Ministers: S. C. Baldridge, J. P. Wright, Thomas Mercer, J. 
 R. Bell, J. R. Shephard, David Morrow. Territory: The 
 State of Indiana from the 40° of north latitude to about the 
 
138 HISTORY OF 
 
 latitude of Warsaw, Ind. Enlarged May 30, 1874, by the 
 addition of that part of the Presbytery of Michigan lying 
 within the State of Indiana. Changed to Northern Indiana 
 in 1882. 
 
 White River. — Organized at Bloomington, Ind., Oct. 31, 
 1865, from the Presbytery of Southern Indiana, by order of 
 the Second Synod, the Rev. Wm. Turner presiding. Minis- 
 ters ^ William Turner, James Ingles, William G. Spencer, 
 John Bryan and M. M. Brown. Territory: That part of the 
 State of Indiana south of the 40° of north latitude, with the 
 counties of Vigo, Clay, Green, Lawrence, Orange and Harri- 
 son for its southwestern border, and including these counties. 
 The Presbytery having expressed a desire for re-union with 
 the Presbytery of Princeton, the Synod, Oct. 19, 1870, au- 
 thorized such a union, if the way be clear. The consolidation 
 was effected at Princeton, Ind., Sept. 29, 1871, the united 
 body to be known as the Presbytery of Princeton. 
 
 THE SYNOD OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Bloomington. — Organized at Peoria, 111., Dec. 22, 1858, 
 from the Presbyteries of Second Illinois and Northern Illinois, 
 the Rev. G. D. Henderson presiding. Ministers: Matthew 
 Clarke, Philip H. Drennen, John M. Gordon, G. D. Hender- 
 son, Elijah McCoy, John W. Pinkerton, W. C. Pollock and 
 William R. Erskine. Territory: Eastern part of central Illi- 
 nois. Changed to Central Illinois in 1882. 
 
 Central Illinois. — (See Bloomington.) 
 
 Chicago. — Organized at Somomauk, 111., Mar. 2, 1859, 
 from the Presbyteries of Northern Illinois and Second Illinois, 
 the Rev. J. L. Freetly presiding. Ministers: J. E. Freetly, 
 R. W. French, Samuel Collins, J. A. McKee, Samuel M. 
 Coon, Samuel F. Thompson, W. P. Curry and Thomas 
 Winter. Territory: Northern part of Illinois and Southern 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 Monmojith. — Organized at Monmouth, 111., Feb. 8, 1859, 
 from the Presbyteries of Monmouth and Second Illinois, the 
 Rev. J. A. Edie presiding. Ministers: James C. Porter, 
 David MacDill, John Scott, N. C. Weede, D. C. Cochran, 
 J. A. Edie, Matthew Bigger, John M. Graham, Samuel Mil- 
 ieu, James C. McKnight, Alexander Young, D. A. Wallace, 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 1 39 
 
 J. A. P. McGaw, Robert Ross, Marion Morrison, J. R. 
 McCallister, John Wallace and A. A. Rogers. Territory: 
 From Rock Island by a line to La Salle; thence by the Illi- 
 nois river to the Mississippi; thence by the river to Rock 
 Island, the ministers and congregations in Peoria Co. being, 
 for the present, connected with the Bloomington Presbytery. 
 Divided Feb. 7, 1865, by the organization of the Presbytery 
 of Rock Island. 
 
 SL Louis. — (See Southern Illinois.) 
 
 Southern Illmois. — Organized as the Presbytery of St. 
 Louis, at Sparta, 111., Ap. 12, 1859, from the Presbytery of 
 First Illinois and Monmouth, the Rev. James Morrow pre- 
 siding. Ministers: James Morrow, M. M. Brown, J. W. Glenn, 
 John G. McLean, W. A. Pollock and John F. Stewart. Ter- 
 ritory : The State of Missouri and that part of the State of Illi- 
 nois .lying south of a line eastward from the mouth of the 
 Illinois river, through Vandal ia to the western boundary of 
 the counties touching the Wabash river, and southward by 
 these lines to the Ohio river: the southern boundary not de- 
 fined. Divided Oct. 31, 1867, by the organization of the 
 Presbytery of Western Missouri. Sept. 23, 1871, the name 
 was changed to Southern Illinois. 
 
 Wisconsin. — Organized at Buffalo Church, Buffalo town- 
 ship, Marquette Co., Wis., Oct. 12, 1864, from the Presbytery 
 of Chicago and Le Claire, by order of the Synod of Illinois, 
 the Rev. William Smith presiding. Ministers: William 
 Smith, James A. Shankland, Isaac W. Collins and James C. 
 Elliott. Territory: The State of Wisconsin and Minnesota. 
 November 5, 1865, divided by the organization of the Pres- 
 bytery of Minnesota. 
 
 Rock Island. — Organized at Pope Creek Church, now Sun- 
 beam, 111., Feb. 7, 1865, from the Presbytery of Monmouth, 
 the Rev. J. A. Edie presiding. Ministers: John A. Reynolds, 
 J. A. Edie, John H. Nash, J. R. McCallister, W. H. McMil- 
 len, William Cooke and John Wallace. Territory: The 
 northern part of the Presbytery of Monmouth, including the 
 congregations of North Henderson, Pope Creek, Cedar Creek, 
 Little York, Pennsylvania, Media, Viola, Lebanon, East 
 Henry, Rock Island and Davenport. 
 
140 HISTORY OF 
 
 THE SYNOD OF IOWA. 
 
 Des Moines. — Organized at Albia, Iowa, Nov. 13, 1858, by 
 order of the Synod of Illinois, from the Asso. and Asso. Ref. 
 Presbyteries of Iowa, the Rev. J. N. Pressly presiding. Min- 
 isters: J. S. Maughlin, John Graham, Joseph White, J. A. 
 Vance, J. N. Pressly and Robert McAyeal. Territory: That 
 part of the State of Iowa lying west of the Iowa river, south- 
 ward to a point ten miles below Iowa City; thence by the 
 western lines of Washington, Jefferson and Van Buren 
 counties to the State line. Divided Oct. 14, 1863, by the or- 
 ganization of the Presbytery of Nebraska; Oct. 16, 1867, 
 by the organization of the Presbytery of Cedar Rapids, and 
 Nov. II, 1879, ^y th^ organization of the Presbytery of Col- 
 lege Springs. 
 
 Keokuk. — Organized at Washington, la., Nov. 4, 1858, by 
 order of the Synod of Illinois, from the Asso. and Asso. Ref. 
 Presbyteries of Iowa, the Rev. S. Mcx\rthur presiding. Min- 
 isters: William M. Boyse, James Brown, J. P. Chambers, 
 J. R. Doig, R. N. Fee, William M. Graham, R. J. Ham- 
 mond, D. Lindsay, Samuel McArthur, N. McDowell, Alex. 
 Story, J. T. Tate, Samuel F. Vanatta and William H. Wilson. 
 Territory: That part of the State of Iowa south of a line due 
 east from a point on the Iowa river ten miles below Iowa 
 City, and southward to the State line by the west lines of 
 Washington, Jefferson and Van Buren counties. 
 
 Le Claire. — Organized at Cedar Rapids, la., Nov. 10, 1858, 
 from the Presbyteries of Le Claire and Iowa, by order of the 
 Synod of Illinois, the Rev. Henry Allen presiding. Minis- 
 ters: H. Allen, Robert S. Campbell, Samuel E. McKee, Jon- 
 athan Stewart, J. D. Cunningham, Hugh Sturgeon, A. J. 
 Allen, John H. Nash and D. L. McLain. Territory : From a 
 point on the Iowa river ten miles below Iowa City due east 
 to the Mississippi river; northward by the Mississippi river 
 on the east and by the Iowa river on the west; the northern 
 boundary undefined. Divided Oct. 12, 1864, by the organiza- 
 tion of the Presbytery of Wisconsin, and Oct. 16, 1867, by 
 the organization of the Presbytery of Cedar Rapids. 
 
 Minjiesota. — Organized at Eden Prairie, Minn., Nov. 5, 
 1866, by order of the Synod of Illinois, from the Presbytery 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 141 
 
 of Wisconsin, the Rev. W.J. Cleland presiding. Ministers: 
 W. J. Cleland, A. B. Coleman, J. R. Bell, J. M. Wallace. 
 Territory: The State of Minnesota west of the Mississippi 
 river and north of the State of Iowa; the northern and western 
 boundaries undefined. June 4, 1873, transferred by the Gen- 
 eral Assembly to the Synod of Iowa. 
 
 Nebraska. — Organized at Nebraska City, Neb., Oct. 14, 
 1863, from the Presbytery of Des Moines, the Rev. T. Mc- 
 Cartney presiding. Ministers: Thomas McCartney, Andrew 
 McCartney, T. P. Proudfit, David C. Wilson, J. S. Maughlin 
 and W. Douthett. Territory: That part of the State of Iowa 
 west of the counties of Taylor, Adams and Adair, and of a 
 line northward from the northwest corner of Adair co. and 
 the territory of Nebraska indefinitely. Divided Oct. 19, 
 1880, by the organization of the Presbytery of Omaha, and 
 the name changed by Synod Sept. 30, 1880, to the Presby- 
 tery of Pawnee. 
 
 Cedar Rapids. — Organized at Fairfax, la., Oct. 16, 1867, 
 from the Presbytery of Le Claire and Des Moines, the Rev. J. 
 L. Bull presiding. Ministers: J. L. Bull, J. G. Freeborn, J. 
 T. Torrence and A. J. Allen. Territory: From the Minne- 
 sota State line at the northeast corner of Winneshiek co., la., 
 south to the southeast corner of Linn co. , west by the south 
 line of Linn and Benton counties to a line northward from 
 the northwest corner of Adair co. to the Minnesota State line; 
 thence to place of beginning. 
 
 College Springs. — Organized at Red Oak, la., Nov. 11, 
 1879, from the Presbyteries of Des Moines and Nebraska, the 
 Rev. D. C. Wilson presiding. Ministers: D. C. Wilson, P 
 H. Drennen, J. H. Tedford, R. T. McCrea, William John 
 ston, David Dodds, J. W. Johnston, J. A. Shankland and S. 
 C. Marshall. Territory : That part of the State of Iowa west 
 of a line beginning on the Missouri State line at the south- 
 east corner of Ringgold co. and running north to the north- 
 east; corner of Union co. ; thence west to the southwest corner 
 of Adair; thence north by the west line of Adair co. to the 
 Minnesota State line. 
 
 Omaha. — Organized at North Bend, Neb. Oct. 19, 1880, 
 from the Presbytery of Nebraska, the Rev. J. C. Evans pre- 
 
142 HISTORY OF 
 
 siding. Ministers: David Inches, Edwin B. Graham, J. C. 
 Evans, George R. Murray, Thomas McCague and Daniel 
 Todd. Territory: The State of Nebraska north of a line 
 west from the Missouri river by the south side of Nebraska 
 City via Lincoln to Grand Island; thence by the South 
 Platte to the west line of the State, including the congrega- 
 tion of Dunbar, but leaving Lincoln with the Presbytery of 
 Pawnee. 
 Pawnee. — (See Nebraska.) 
 
 THE SYNOD OF KANSAS. 
 
 Kansas. — Organized at Leavenworth, Kan., Dec. 9, 1858, 
 by order of the Synod of Illinois, from mission congregations. 
 Ministers: J. N. Smith, J. R. Slentz and B. L. Baldridge. 
 Territory: The Territory of Kansas. Divided Sept. 30, 1869, 
 by the organization of the Presbytery of Garnett. Oct. 11, 
 1878, by the organization of the Presbytery of Concordia. 
 Changed, in 1886, to First Kansas. 
 
 Western Missouri. — Organized at Warrensburg, Mo., Oct. 
 31, 1867, II a. m., from the Presbytery of St. Louis (now 
 Southern Illinois), by order of the Synod of Illinois, the Rev. 
 M. Bigger presiding. Ministers: M. Bigger, Samuel Jami- 
 son, Joseph D. Steele, Josiah Thompson and R. G. Thomp- 
 son. Territory: That part of the State of Missouri lying west 
 of the meridian of Jefferson City. 
 
 Garnett. — Organized at Leavenworth, Kan., Sept. 30, 1869, 
 from the Presbytery of Kansas, the Rev. J. N. Smith presid- 
 ing. Ministers:' J. N. Smith, J. H. Adair, J. W. Martin, 
 David Lindsay, Andrew Renwick, E. C. Cooper and D. T. 
 McAuley. Territory: The State of Kansas south of the Kan- 
 sas Pacific railroad; the congregations of Lawrence and To- 
 peka to remain in the Kansas Presbytery. Divided Nov. 10, 
 1874, by the organization of the Presbytery of Neosho; Oct. 
 14, 1880, further reduced by the transfer of Woodson, Wilson 
 and Montgomery counties to Neosho Presbytery. 
 
 Neosho. — Organized at Americus, Kan., Nov. 10, 1874, 
 
 from the Presbytery of Garnett, the Rev. presiding. 
 
 Ministers: Joseph A. Collins, Jackson Duff", David Thompson, 
 R. J. Thompson, E. C. Cooper, J. Taylor, S. B. Reed and 
 W. H. McCreery. Territory: That part of the State of 
 
PRESBYTERIES (UNITED PRESBYTERIAN). 143 
 
 Kansas south of the Kansas Pacific railroad, and west of the 
 western lines of Osage, Coffey, Woodson, Wilson and Mont- 
 gomery counties, and the churches in Colorado, Divided 
 Dec. I, 1875, by the organization of the Presbytery of Col- 
 orado. Oct. 14, 1880, enlarged by the transfer of the counties 
 of Woodson, Wilson and Montgomery from the Presbytery of 
 Garnett, by the act of Synod. Divided Ap. 12, 1881, by 
 the organization of the Presbytery of Arkansas Valley. 
 
 Colorado. — Organized at Evans, Col., Dec. i, 1875, from the 
 Presbytery of Neosho, the Rev. S. B. Reed presiding. Min- 
 isters: S. B. Reed, W. H. McCreery and J. F. Graham. 
 Territory: The State of Colorado. 
 
 Concordia. — Organized at Concordia, Kan., Nov. 6, 1878, 
 from the Presbytery of Kansas, the Rev. Joseph McKelvey 
 presiding. Ministers: William P. Currie and Joseph Mc- 
 Kelvey. Te-rritory: That part of the State of Kansas north 
 of Kansas Pacific railroad, and west of a line due north from 
 Manhattan on that road to the State line. 
 
 Arkansas Valley. — Organized at Ninnescah, Kan., Ap. 12, 
 1881, from the Presbytery of Neosho, the Rev. David Thomp- 
 son, presiding. Ministers: David Thompson, W. C. Somers, J. 
 S. Turnbull, R. S. McClenahan and E. C. Cooper. Territory: 
 That part of the State of Kansas lying south of the Kansas 
 Pacific railroad, and west of a line from that road at the west 
 line of Dickinson co. ; thence south on the sixth principal 
 meridian to the south line of Harvey co. ; thence east to 
 eastern line of Butler co. ; thence south to the State line. 
 
 THE SYNOD OF THE PACIFIC. 
 Oregon. — Organized at Union Point, Oregon, Oct. 20, 1852, 
 by a union of the A. and A. R. Presbyteries of Oregon, and 
 continued as an independent Presbytery until May 5, 1859, 
 when, at Kendall's Bridge meeting-house, I^inn co. , it was 
 agreed to adopt the basis of union of 1858, and May 25, i860, 
 the Presbytery was admitted into the jurisdiction of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly with the reserved right of final jurisdiction in 
 cases of discipline — Min. Gen. Ass., vol. i, pp. 107, 188. 
 Ministers: Wilson Plain, S. G. Irvine, T. S. Kendall, J. M. 
 Dick, J. Worth, J. E. Hannon and S. D. Gager. Territory: 
 without defined boundaries. 
 
144 HISTORY OF 
 
 Sail Francisco. — Organized at San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 8, 
 1869, by order of the General Assembly — J/m,, vol. II, p. 
 28 — the Rev. William H, Wilson presiding. Ministers: Wil- 
 liam H. Wilson and M. M. Gibson. Territory: The State of 
 California. 
 
 MISSIONARY PRESBYTERIES. 
 
 Sidlkot. — Organized Dec. 18, 1856, and continued without 
 change. Ministers: Andrew Gordon, E. H. Stevenson and 
 R. A. Hill. 
 
 Egypt. — Organized at Cairo, Ap. 13, i860, 3 p. m., by 
 order of the General Assembly — Min.^ vol. i, pp. 41-190 — the 
 Rev. James Barnett presiding. Ministers: James Barnett, 
 Thomas McCague and Gulian Lansing. Territory: Without 
 defined bounds. 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. I45 
 
 Alphabetical List of Congregations 
 
 WITH THEIR 
 
 Historical Record. 
 
 This list gives, ist, the uame of the Congregation ; 2d, its County and 
 State ; 3d, its present Presbytery; 4th, the date of its organization ; and 5th, 
 in the second line, its Pastorates. If the Congregation had a former name, 
 it is given in brackets. 
 
 Adair, Adair Co.; Des Moines; 1878. 
 
 J. F. Martin, 1879-80; O. S. Morrow, 1881-4. 
 
 Adams, Adams Co., Iowa; College Springs; Oct., 1870. 
 
 S. T. Herron, Stated Supply, 1871-5; A. McCartney, S. S., 1875-6; J. 
 Pattison, 1877-9; J- A. McCalmont, 1880-3; J- A. Wiley, 1885- 
 
 Adamsville, Crawford Co., Pa.; Lake; 1853. 
 
 W. Bruce, 1853-60; J.Wallace, 1862-6; W. R. Stewart, 1868-70; T. W. 
 Winter, 1872-80; W. J. McCrory, 1881-2; J. Iv. Clark, 1883- 
 
 Ainsworth, Washington Co., Iowa; Keokuk; 1864. 
 
 J. R. Doig, 1865-9; N. H. Brown, 1871-6; 
 
 Akmeem; Egypt; 1882. 
 
 Albany, N. Y. ; Albany; Oct., 1800. 
 
 Mr. McDonald, in connection with a church in Canada, i8cx>-i8; James 
 Martin, 1824-42; R. J. Hammond, 1843-44; S. F. Morrow, 1846-86; 
 J. A. Uttell, 1887- 
 
 Albany, Ore.; Oregon; 1853. 
 
 S. G. Irvine, 1857- 
 
 Albia, Monroe Co., Iowa.; Des Moines; Nov. 7, 1857. 
 
 J. N. Pressly, 1858-62 ; J. Hadden, 1866-72 ; J. Pattison, 1880-84 ; J. Boyd, 
 
 1887- 
 
 Aledo, Mercer Co., 111., Rock Island; Sept. 22, 1855. 
 
 J. R. McCallister, 1862-7 ; A. W. Clokey, 1869-72 ; T. B. Tumbull, 1873- 
 84 ; W. J. McCrory, 1885-7. 
 
 Alexandria; Egypt; Aug. 26, 1868. 
 
 Alexis, Warren Co., 111.; Monmouth, June, 1871. 
 M.F . McKirahan, 1876-82; J. D. Palmer, 1884- 
 
 10 
 
146 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Allegheny, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; May 24, 
 1873. 
 
 M. M. Patterson, 1875-S3. 
 
 Allegheny, Pa.; ist Church; Allegheny; Nov. 4, 1831. 
 J. T. Presbly, 1833-70; W.J. Robinson, 1873- 
 
 Allegheny, Pa.; 2d Church; Allegheny; Oct. 26, 1837. 
 J. Rodgers, 1838-60; J. B. Clark, 1S60-72; W. H. McMillan, 1873- 
 
 Allegheny, Pa.; 3d Church; Allegheny; May, 1854. 
 
 J. Holmes, 1855-7; D. G. Bradford, 1857-63; J. R. Kerr, 1864-72; J. W. 
 Bain, 1873-74; E. S. McKitrick, 1875- 
 
 Allegheny, Pa.; 4th Church; Allegheny; April 17, i860. 
 
 C. A. Dickey, 1862-69; W. Fulton, 1870-73; W. G. Moorehead, 1875-76; 
 J. M. Fulton, 1877- 
 
 Allegheny, Pa.; 5th Church; Allegheny; Nov. 18, 1862. 
 
 D. M. B. McLean, 1863-65 ; J. W. Witherspoon, 1867- 
 
 Allegheny [Manchester], Pa.; 6th Church; Allegheny; 1849; 
 G. D. Archibald, 1850-55 ; J. C. Steele, S. S., 1857-59; A. D. Clark, 1861- 
 84; D. F. McGill, 1885- 
 
 Allegheny, 7th Church; Allegheny; April 21, 1880. 
 G. W. McDonald, 1880- 
 
 Allerton, Wayne Co., Iowa; Des Moines; June 17, 1876. 
 
 A. R. Munford, 1882-6. 
 
 Alpena, Alpena Co., Mich.; Detroit; Sept. 18, 1884. 
 
 J. L. Thompson, S. S., 1884-6; N. R. Walker, 1887- 
 
 Americus, Lyon Co., Kan.; Neosho; March 15, 1859. 
 
 D. T. McAuley, S. S., 1866-67 ; J. A. Collins, 1870-84 ; A. R. Rankin, 1886- 
 
 Amity, Coshocton Co., O. ; Mansfield; 1861. 
 
 [Mill Creek, A. R., 1818; Supplies; D. F. Reid, 1841-56; W. A. McCon- 
 nell, 1S59-], [Keene, Asso., 1838; J. M. Henderson, 1845-6; J. P. Scott, 
 1854-6 ; W. A. McConnell, 1859-] ; consolidated as Amity in 1861 ; W. 
 A. McConnell till 1864; Supplies; D. A. McClenahan, 1881-2; S. A. 
 Moore, 1884- 
 
 Amity, Jewell Co., Kan.; Concordia; Jan. 30, 1874. 
 R. A. Hamill, 1881-82; W. Wallace, 1887- 
 
 Amity, Tama Co., Iowa; Cedar Rapids; Feb. 27, 1875. 
 
 W.J. McAllister, S. S., 1876-9; J. M. Hamilton, 1S79- 
 
 Andes, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; 1834. 
 J. Laing, 1834-58 ; D. C. Niven, 1859-61 ; J. Bruce, 1S64- 
 
 Andrew, Jackson Co., Iowa; LeClaire; 1857. 
 
 J. Stewart, 1858-65; G. W. Torrence, 1866-73; W. A. Pollock, 1877-79; 
 W. W. Gordon, 1879-85 ; J. M. McArthur, 1886- 
 
 Anthony, Harper Co., Kan. ; Arkansas Valley; March 14, 1880. 
 
 E. C. Cooper, 1885- 
 
 Antrim [Miller's Fork], Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; 
 1824. 
 
 S. Findley, 1824-55 ; W. Lorimer, 1858-65 ; A. H. Caldwell, 1867- 
 Apollo [Warren], Armstrong Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1830. 
 
 W. Galbraith, 1836-39; T. Gilkerson, 1840-59; O. Katz, 1865-73; R. A. 
 Jamison, 1878- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 147 
 
 Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y.; Argyle; Nov., 1792. 
 
 G. Mairs, 1793-1841 ; G. Mairs, jr., 1823-51 ; J. B^Scouller 1852-62; 
 D. M. Ure, 1862-72 ; W. P. Kane, 1873-84 ; T. B. Tunibull, 1884- 
 Arg}de, Redwood Co., Minn.; Minnesota; Jan. 21, 1871. 
 Arkansas City, Cowley Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; March 
 
 R. J. Thompson, 1874-5; R. S. McClenahau, 1878-82; J. O. Campbell, 
 1883-7 ; J. White, 1887- 
 Arlington, Columbia Co., Wis.; Wisconsin; March 30, 1881, 
 
 J. D. Smith, 1881- 
 
 Arlington, Washington Co., Neb.; Omaha; Sept. 16, 1883. 
 Asyoot; Egypt; 1870. 
 
 Atlantic, Cass Co., Iowa; College Springs; October 25, 1875. 
 R. T. McCrea, 1876-S6 ; J. C. Truesdale, 1887- 
 
 Atwood [Concord], Armstrong Co., Pa.; Brookville; 1826. 
 
 J. Hiudmau, 1831-45; W. Smith, 1851-60; D. K. Duff, 1865- 
 
 Austin, Sanilac Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1866. 
 
 J B. Wilson, 1867-71 ; F. W. Vertican, S. S., 1880-83; L. McGee, S. S., 
 1883-5. 
 
 Avondale [a reorganization of White Eyes], Coshocton Co. , 
 
 O. ; Mansfield; 1873. 
 D. A. McClenahan, 1881-2 ; S. A. Moore, 1884- 
 
 Awankha, Punjab, India; Sialkot; 1884. 
 Azaimeh; Egypt; 1885. 
 Azzeeyah; Egypt; 1880. 
 
 Bad Axe, Huron Co., Mich.; Detroit; June 5, 1881. 
 F. W. Vertican, S. S., 1881-3; J. P. Gibson, 1884-5. 
 
 Badoki, Punjab, India; Sialkot; March 21, 1883. 
 
 Bagley, Guthrie Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Oct. i, 1881. 
 
 Bagore, Egypt; 1879. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. ; Philadelphia; April, 1826. 
 
 A. White, 1827-33 ; J. G. Smart, 1833-50 ; W. Bruce, 1855-73 ; W. A. Edie, 
 1875-9; T. W. Anderson, 1880- 
 
 Barclay, Black Hawk Co., Iowa; Cedar Rapids; 1879. 
 Barlow, Washington Co., O; Muskingum; 1850. 
 
 S. M. Hutchison, 1854-7; J. McNeal, 1857-60; H. Forsyth, S. S., 1861-6; 
 J. Straus, S. S., 1869-70; W. S. Harper, 1872-3; J. D. Palmer, 1876-84; 
 D. W. Irons, 1885- 
 Barnet, Caledonia Co., Vt. ; Vermont; 1790. 
 
 D. Goodwillie, 1790-1830; T. Goodwillie, 1826-67; J. Service, 1868-77; 
 R. N. Hammond, 1879-82 ; D. M. McKinlay, 1884- 
 
 Battle Creek, Ida Co., Iowa; College Springs; July 11, 1883. 
 Bayard, Guthrie Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Nov. 4, 1883. 
 Beaver, Pa.; Beaver Valley; Aug. i, 1853. 
 
 J. A. McGill, S. S., 1853-60; D. H. A. McLean, 1861-8; J. C. W^ilson, 
 1869-72; J. A. Wilson, 1872-6; J. D. Sands, 1876-80; W. A. Edie, 
 1880-87. 
 
148 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Beaver Falls, Beaver Co., Pa. ; Beaver Valley; July 26, 1869. 
 
 J. I. Frazer, 1871-83; E. N. McElree, 1885- 
 Beaver Run, Jefferson Co., Pa.; Brookville; 1842. 
 
 J. Todd, 1843-65 ; A. B. Struthers, 1868-71 ; M. S. Telford, 1873-82 ; J. R. 
 May, 1S86- 
 
 Beech Woods, Jefferson Co., Pa.; Brookville; Feb. 26, 1870. 
 
 M. S. Telford, 1873-82 ; J. R. May, 1886- 
 
 Bellaire, Belmont Co., O. ; Wheeling; April 29, 1872. 
 
 R. G. Wallace, 1874- 
 
 Belle Flower, Ford Co., 111.; Central Illinois; Oct. 21, 1871. 
 
 J. L. Fairley, 1874- 
 
 Bellefontaine, Logan Co., O. ; Sidney; 1832. 
 
 J. N. Gamble, 1833-42; S.Wallace, 1850-4; J. McHatton, 1855-9; W. H. 
 Jeffers, 1862-5 ; J- Williamson, 1867-87 ; 
 Belle Prairie, Hamilton Co., 111.; Princeton; Dec, 1864. 
 A. S. Montgomery, 1870-4. 
 
 Bellevue, Allegheny co.. Pa.; Allegheny; May 21, 1872. 
 
 S. H. Graham, 1874- 
 
 Belmont, Belmont Co., O. ; Wheeling; 1827. 
 
 J. Clokey, 1827-34; vS. McArthur, 1838-51; J. Alexander, 1853-5 ; W. 
 Grimes, 1858- 
 
 Belmore, Putnam Co., O. ; Sidney; April i, 1880. 
 
 R. H. Boyd, 1883- 
 
 Beni Aadi; Egypt; 1883. 
 
 Benkleman, Dundy Co., Neb.; Pawnee; Jan. 8, 1886. 
 
 D. H. Blair, S. S., 1885- 
 
 Benoob, Egypt; Dec. 4, 1880. 
 
 Beracha, Indiana co.. Pa.; Brookville; 1824. 
 
 J. Hindman, 1831-45 ; J. C. Telford, 1850-67 ; D. W. McLane, 1871-5 ; 
 D. H. Blair, 1877-83. 
 
 Berea, Anderson Co., Kan.; Garnett; Feb., 1858. 
 
 J. N. Smith, 1858-69 ; W. R. Erskine, 1871-3 ; S. W. Gilkey, 1881-5. 
 
 Berlin, Sangamon Co., 111.; Central Illinois; 1852. 
 
 J. M. Gordon, 1854-60; B. F. Pinkerton, 1863-4; A. W. McGibbon, 1S66-S. 
 
 Bethany, Webster Co., Neb.; Pawnee; May, 1878. 
 
 Bethel [Brush Creek], Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmore- 
 land; June 22, 1784. 
 
 M. Henderson, 1785-S; J. Jamieson, 1793-5; M. Henderson, 1800-18; J. 
 Walker, 1820-3 ; M. Dick, 1824-35 ; J. Osborne, 1836-47 ; W. Conner, 
 1849-52; A. G. Wallace, 1854-68; J. W. McFarland, 1869-71; W. H. 
 McMaster, 1871-4; J. N. Dick, 1877- 
 
 Bethel, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; 1801. 
 
 E. Henderson, 1802-4 ; H. Kirkland, 1820-34 ; J. Kelso, 1852-65 ; T. F. 
 Boyd, 1867-74. 
 
 Bethel [Little Beaver], Lawrence Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; 
 1800. 
 
 J. Duncan, 1800-4; D. Imbrie, 1806-42; J. W. Harsha, 1844-53; S. Alex- 
 ander, 1855-72 ; J. S. Dice, 1874- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAI. RECORD. 149 
 
 Bethel, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1810. 
 
 H. McRoddeii, 1820-4; N. C. Weede, 1833-48; S. M. Coon, 1850-5 ; H. Q. 
 Graham, 1S56-73 ; D. H. Blair, 1876-7 ; T. P. Patterson, 1879- 
 
 Bethel, Mercer Co., Pa.; Mercer; 1839. 
 
 R. W. Oliver, 1S46-53 ; J. Armstrong, 1856-68; C. Cummins, 1870-85. 
 
 Bethel, Perry Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; 1850. 
 
 D. Steele, 1860-6; J. C. Elliott, 1868- 
 
 Bethel, Peoria Co,, 111.; Central Illinois; June 3, 1853. 
 
 E. McCoy, 1858-66; T. P. Proudfit, 1868-71; J. Harper, 1873- 
 
 Bethel [La Motte; Zwingle], Jackson Co., Iowa; Le Claire, 
 1857. 
 
 J. Stewart, 1858-65; G. W. Torrence, 1866-73; W. A. Pollock, 1877-9; 
 W. W. Gordon, 1879-S5. 
 
 Bethel, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; 1832. 
 
 [Ref. Pres. A. W. Black, 1833-8; J. Hutchman, S. S., 1848-50; D. Ken- 
 nedy, 1850-5 ; J. F. Hill, 1858-66] ; [U. P. 1868; W. D. Ewing, 1870-86; 
 
 Bethesda, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; 1780. 
 
 M. Henderson, 1785-1829; M. McKinstry, 1836-45 ; S. Jamison, 1848-66; 
 D. H. Pollock, 1869- 
 
 Bethsaida [Tipton], Tipton Co., Ind. ; Northern Indiana; 
 Sept. 8, 1849. 
 
 A. McCahan, 1855-8 ; J. P. Wright, 1861-6 ; J. H. Tedford, 1866-77 ; T. T. 
 Miller, 1879-83 ; J. T. Wilson, 1886- 
 
 Beulah, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; June 14, 
 1844. 
 
 W. Conner, 1844-57 ; J- D. Walkinshaw, 1860-5 ; T. F. Boyd, 1867-75 ; 
 A. R. Rankin, 1879-S6. 
 
 Beulah, Monroe Co., N. Y. ; Caledonia; Feb. 12, 1852. [Pre- 
 viously a part of Caledonia.] 
 I. Faries, 1852-8 ; W. J. Robinson, 1859-73 ; W. H. Haney, 1873-83 ; H. H. 
 W^allace, 1884-6 ; J. A. Anderson, 1887- 
 
 Beulah, Crawford Co., Kan.; Garnett; April 26, 1880. 
 
 W. L. Garges, 1882-85. 
 
 Big Spring, Cumberland Co., Pa.; Big Spring; Sept., 1764. 
 J. Rodgers, 1772-81; J. Jamieson, 1784-92; J. McConnell, 1799-1809; A. 
 Sharp, 1824-57; W. L. Wallace, 1861-79; G. M. Reed, 1880- 
 
 Big Spring, Blount Co. , Tenn. ; Tennessee; 1868. 
 
 J. McNeal, 1869-79. 
 Big Springs, Keith Co.; Pawnee; July, 1887. 
 Biggsville, Henderson Co., 111.; Monmouth; June 3, 1866 
 [part of Ellison]. 
 
 D. W. McLane, 1866-68; J. M. Baugh, 1868-9; D. M. Thorn, 1871-2; R. 
 Graham, 1873-86 ; J. A. Renwick, 1887- 
 
 Birmingham, Van Buren Co., Iowa; Keokuk; 1841. 
 
 D. Lindsay, 1842-54 ; S. McArthur, 1855-64 ; J. 8. Ross, 1866-73 ; E. B. 
 Graham, 1876-80; G. Warrington, 1882- 
 
 Blairsville, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1831. 
 
 N. C. W^eede, 1833-8 ; J. G. Fulton, 1839-47 ; M. Clarke, 1853-55 ; W. Con- 
 ner, 1858-64; D. W. Collins, 1865-82; W. H. McMaster, 1882- 
 
 Blanchard, Page Co., Iowa; College Springs; May, 1874. 
 
 R. M. Sherrard, 1881-84. 
 
150 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Bloomfield, Muskingum Co., O. ; Muskingum; March 20, 
 1818. 
 D. McLean, 1824-54; J- P- Ivjtle, 1855- 
 
 Bloomfield, Jeflferson Co., O. ; Steubenville; Oct. 10, 1871. 
 J. M. Jamieson, 1871-6. 
 
 Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind. ; Princeton; Sept. 7, 1833. 
 
 [Asso. Ref., W. D. Turner, 1836-69]; [Ref. Pres., Dr. Wylie, 1838-69]; 
 [Asso., I. N. Laughead, 1839-43; J. Bryan, 1855-62]; [united under 
 Mr. Turner as U. P.]; W. P. McNary, 1870-84; S. R. Lyons, 1885- 
 
 Blue Hill, Webster Co., Neb.; Pawnee; May, 1885. 
 
 Blue Mound, Linn co., Kan.; Garnett; April 22, 1880. 
 O. G. Brockett, 1883-87 ; 
 
 Bluestone, Mecklenburgh Co., Va. ; Board of Missions to the 
 Freedmen; April 20, 1884. 
 
 J. A. Ramsay, 8. S., 1885- 
 
 Bonilla, Beadle Co., Dak.; Omaha; May 17, 1884. 
 
 W. T. Moflfett, S. S., 1884- 
 
 Boolac; Egypt. 
 
 Boston, Mass.; Boston; Nov. 26, 1846. 
 
 A. Blaikie, 1S47-80; J. Hood, 1881- 
 
 Boston, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Feb. 27, 1885. 
 
 D. M. Thorn, 1S85- 
 
 Bovina, Delaware co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Oct., 1809. 
 R. Laing, 1S14-23 ; J. Graham, 1832-53; J. B. Lee, 1856- 
 
 Boyden, Sioux Co., Iowa; College Springs; Nov., 1883. 
 
 W. E. Duulap, 1886- 
 
 Braddock's Field, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; July 
 27, 1864. 
 
 J. S. Easton, 1869-76; W. S. Fulton, 1877-8; S.J. Shaw, 1879- 
 
 Brighton; Washington Co., Iowa; Keokuk; 1845. 
 
 S. F. Vanatta, 1855-63; W. Wright, 1865-9; A. S. Vincent, 1872-9. 
 
 Broadalbin, Fulton Co., N. Y. ; Albany; 1804. 
 
 R. Proudfit, 1804-18; J. Otterson, 1821-7; M. N. McLaren, 1827-33; D. 
 Caw, 1834-45 ; J. M. Graham, 1848-57 ; J. L. Clark, 1858-72 ; A. Henry, 
 1873- 
 Brockway, St. Clair Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1867. 
 
 W. Robertson, 186S-75 ; A. B. McCarroll, 1879-S2 ; J. R. Baird, 1884- 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., ist Church; New York; March 21, r849. 
 
 S. F. Farmer, 1855-61 ; J. T. Wilson, 1862-67 ; M. L. Ross, 1869-72 ; R. T. 
 Wylie, 1872-5 ; J. H. Andrew, 1876- 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., 2d Church; New York; Sept. 8, 1858. 
 
 D. J. Patterson, 1858- 
 
 Brookville, Jefferson Co., Pa.; Brook ville; 1840. 
 
 J. C. Truesdale, 1859-64; A. B. Stnithers, 1868-71 ; G. C. Vincent, 1872-7 ; 
 G. A. B. Robinson, 1878- 
 
 Brownsdale, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; 1859. 
 
 R. M. Patterson, 1861-4; R- G. Young, 1871-5; R. P. McClester, 1880- 
 
 Brownsville, Linn Co., Oregon; Oregon; 1851. 
 W. Blain, 1853-61; J. Worth, 1862-74; T. J. Wilson, 1877- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL. RECORD, 151 
 
 Brownsville, Monroe Co., O. ; Wheeling; 1850. 
 
 S. Ramsay, 1860-1 ; J.J. Imbrie, S. S., 1875-6; M. M. Pollock, 1877-83. 
 
 Bruce, Lapeer Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1846. 
 
 A. Irons, 1853-8; J. M. Maclellan, vS. S., 1860-3, and 1866-70; J. B. Wil- 
 son, 1871-9; W. W. Curry, 1881-7 ; 
 
 Buchanan Hill, Marshall Co., W. Va. ; Wheeling; 1848. 
 H. Parks, 1856-61 ; W. A. Wilson, 1880-1 ; A. J. Hanna, 1882-4. 
 
 Buckland, Auglaize Co., O. ; Sidney; Nov. 11, 1881. 
 
 J. E. Kerr, 1882-4 ; J. C. Gibney, 1886- 
 
 Buena Vista, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; 1875. 
 
 D. Dodds, 1876-7. 
 
 Buena Vista, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Jan. 8, 
 1867 [part of Bethesda, having regular services for several 
 years previous to organization], 
 J. S. Speer, 1867-73 ; D. M. Thorn, 1879-87. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y,, Caledonia; Aug. 9, 1848. 
 
 C. Kendall, 1S50-72 ; H. W. Crabbe, 1873-84; R. C. Dodds, 18S6- 
 
 Buflfalo, Marquette Co. , Wis.; Wisconsin; March 25, 1852, 
 W. Smith, 1864-72; H. B. Turner, 1S77-80; R. G. Campbell, 1882-7; 
 
 Buffalo, Armstrong Co., Pa.; Butler; 1812. 
 
 J. Dickie, 181 1-36; W. Galbraith, 1836-66; R. B. Robertson, 1867-72; 
 1,. McCampbell, 1873- 
 
 Burchard, Pawnee Co., Neb.; Pawnee; June, 1881. 
 
 W. M. Richie, 1884- 
 
 Burgettstown, Washington Co., Pa.; Frankfort; 1802. 
 
 W. C. Brownlee, 1809-12; A. Donnan, 1819-39; R.J. Hammond, 1846- 
 56; S. H. Graham, 1862-71 ; J. Hood, 1872-8; D. W. Carson, 1878- 
 
 Burlington, Otsego Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; June 8, 1835. 
 
 S. Topping, 1840-4 ; J. M. Herron, 1857-8 ; R. G. Wallace, 1861-6 ; S. I. 
 McKee, 1868-70; T. A. Scott, 1874-87; 
 
 Burlington, Des Moines Co., Iowa; Keokuk; Feb. i6, 1876. 
 
 E. D. Campbell, S. S., 1875-7; J- A. Pollock, S. S., 1878-81; P. Swan, 
 1882- 
 
 Butler, Pa. ; Butler; 1805. 
 
 I. Niblock, 1819-64; J. Gailey, 1866-71; G. McCormick, 1872-3; R. G. 
 Ferguson, 1875-84 ; J. S. McKee, 1885- 
 
 Cabin Hill, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; 1832. 
 
 J. Laing, 1834-58; J. E. Taylor, 1859-66; J. M. Smeallie, 1868-8; A. F, 
 Ashton, 1870-74; A. S. Biddle, 1875-9; W. J. Martin, 1880-6. 
 
 Cadiz, Harrison Co., O. ; Wheeling; Asso. Ref, Oct. 30, 
 
 1 813; Asso., about 1814. 
 
 [Asso. Ref.], W. Taggart, 1814-38; A. Wilson, 1840-51; J. C. Forsyth, 
 1852-8; [Asso.], J. Walker, 1814-18; T. Hanna, 1821-49; J- R- Doig, 
 1849-52; S. Patton, 1853-4; J. S. McCready, 1856-64; consolidated, 
 1864; W. T. Meloy, 1865-78 ; S. R. Frazier, 1878-80; S. M. Bailey, 
 1881-86; R. G. Ramsay, 1887- 
 
 Cairo, Egypt; Feb. 15, 1863. 
 
 Calcutta [West Union], Columbiana Co., O. ; Steubenville; 
 
 1815. 
 E. N. Scroggs, 1820-51; J.B.Barclay, 1852-57; T. Andrews, 1861-62; 
 
152 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 J. W. Martin, 1865-68; J. H. Leiper, 1868-81 ; R. A. Gilfillan, 1883-85 ; 
 W. J. McClintock, 1885- 
 
 Caledonia, Livingston Co., N. Y. ; Caledonia; Nov. 3, 1810. 
 J. Campbell, 1813-17; W. Boyse, 1819-23; D. C. McLaren, 1826-52; W. 
 S. McLaren, 1S53-70; D. F. Bonner, 1S71-84; R. M. Russell, 1884- 
 
 Caledonia, Switzerland Co., Ind. ; Indiana; 1833. 
 
 W. Home, 1834-48; R. N. Kirkpatrick, 1854-6; T. Dickson, 1858-62; 
 A. McBride, 1S73-9; N. R. Walker, 1879-S2 ; J. E. Black, 1886- 
 
 Caledonia, Ritchie Co., W. Va. ; Wheeling; 1843. 
 D. B. Jones, 1849-55 ; D. M. Sleeth, 1874- 
 
 Caledonia, Wabasha Co., Minn.; Minnesota; March 19, 1861. 
 J. D. Smith, S. S., 1868-70; J. T. Tate, S. S., 1870-1 ; J. L. Whitla, S. S., 
 1871-2; J. T. Tate, S. S., 1873-5; J. Rodgers, S. S., 1S76-78; B. Mc- 
 Cullough, S. S., 1878-80. 
 
 Caledonia, Columbia Co., Wis.; Wisconsin; Sept. 4, 1862. 
 H. Brown, 1867-76; H. B. Turner, 1877-8; D. P. George, S. S., 1879-^; 
 J. D. Smith, 1881- 
 
 California, Branch Co., Mich.; Sidney; June 16, 1865. 
 J. E. Kerr, 1885- 
 
 Cambridge, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; April 19, 1769. 
 
 J. Dunlap, 1791-1816; D. C. McLaren, 1820-6; W. Howden, 1829-34; 
 P. Gordon, 1835-40; T. C. McLaury, 1842-52; W. B. Shortt, 1853-86; 
 S. J. Kyle, 1887- 
 
 Cambridge, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1822. 
 
 D. McLean, 1824-37; J. McGill, 1838-47; T. Brown, 1850-9; W. H. Mc- 
 Farland, 1860- 
 
 Camp Creek, Carroll Co., IlL ; Chicago; Oct., 1850. 
 
 S. F. Thompson, S. S., 1864-8; C. H. Mitchell, 1872- 
 
 Camp Run, Butler Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; Sept. 28, 1872. 
 
 J. Patterson, 1874-9. 
 Canonsburg [Speer's Spring], Washington Co., Pa.; 
 Chartiers; 1830. 
 A. McCahan, 1831-43 ; T. Callahan, 1844-8 ; W. Wallace, 1850-1 ; D. Paul, 
 1853-5; W. H. Andrew, 1857-9; J- W. Bain, 1861-7; J. G. Carson, 
 1867-9 ; W. Weir, 1870-3 ; J. S. Spear, 1874- 
 
 Cannonsburg, Hancock Co., O. ; Sidney; Asso., 1836; Asso. 
 Ref., 1847. 
 
 [Asso.] S. McLean, 1842-9; J. M. Snodgrass, 1851-6; [Asso. Ref.] J. R. 
 Bonner, 1851-9; [U. P.] J. Rodgers, 1863-68; W. Wright, S. S. and 
 pastor, 1876-81 ; J. E. Kerr, 1882-4. 
 
 Carbon Centre, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; Sept. 10, 1878. 
 Carmel, Jefferson Co., Ind., Indiana; [organized in 1798, as 
 Drennon's Creek, in Henry Co., Ky., and removed to In- 
 diana in 1812]. 
 A. Fulton, 1798-1818; A. Isaac, 1820-7; J. Wallace, S. S., 1831-2 ; J. M. 
 Henderson, 1834-44; M. Arnott, 1847-74; H. P.Jackson, 1876- 
 
 Carnahan Creek, Riley Co., Kan.; Concordia; 1862. 
 
 J. P. Finney, S. S., 1867-71; W. P. Currie, S. S. and pastor, 1873-83; 
 G. E. Carnahan, 1886- 
 
 Carrollton, Carroll Co., O. ; Steubenville; 1841. 
 
 J. Golden, 1851-7 ; J. W. Martin, 1862-5 ; J. R. Slentz, 1867-9; A. J. Allen 
 1872-82 ; N. E. Wade, 1886- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 1 53 
 
 Cascade, Dubuque Co., Iowa; Le Claire; Oct. 27, 1862. 
 J. Sawhill, 1863-75 ; W. Donaldson, 1877-86. 
 
 Cass Centre, Cass Co., Iowa; College Springs; 1867. 
 
 W. M. Graham, S. S., 1871-5 ; R. T. McCrea, 1876- 
 
 Cassville [Moorefield], Harrison Co., O. ; Wheeling; 1837. 
 
 H. Parks, 1837-56; W. G. Waddle, 1859- 
 
 Cedar Creek, Warren Co., 111.; Rock Island; July 4, 1835. 
 
 J. C. Porter, 1841-63; J. A. Reynolds, 1863-72; J. M. Atchison, 1873-84; 
 W. Donaldson, 1886- 
 
 Cedar Rapids [Kingston], Iowa; ist Church; Cedar Rapids; 
 1851. 
 
 H. sturgeon, 1856-9; J. L. Fulton, 1864-68; D. M. Gordon, 1868-74; 
 J. Duncan, 1875-84; J. A. Monteith, 1885- 
 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2d Church; Cedar Rapids; Sept. 11, 
 1874. 
 
 J. T. Wilson, 1875-7 ; J- H. Niblock, 1880-87. 
 Cedarville, Greene Co., O. ; Xenia; 1844. 
 
 J. H. Buchanan, 1848-54; J. P. Wright, 1856-60; J. A. McCall, 1863-64; 
 W. H. Haney, 1865-72 ; H. F. Wallace, 1875-83 ; A. M. Campbell, 1885- 
 
 Center [Slippery Rock], Lawrence Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; 
 1820. 
 
 J. Ferguson, 1823-4 ; D. Norwood, 1826-33 ; J- Neil, 1838-57 ; J. B. Bar- 
 clay, 1862-7 ; J. H. Peacock, 1S67-73 ; J. D. Glenn, 1874-81 ; A. K. DuflF, 
 1882-87. 
 
 Center, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; May 2, 1859. 
 
 D. S. Kennedy, 1862-72 ; J. B. Waddell, 1873-86. 
 
 Center Ridge, Montgomery Co., Iowa; College Springs; June 
 I, 1882. 
 
 T. T. Miller, 1883-86; R. Hood, 1886- 
 
 Centerview, Johnson Co., Mo.; Western Missouri; Dec. 21, 
 1867. 
 
 J. Thompson, 1868-73 ; G. W. Torrence, 1874-76 ; J. A. Sherrard, 1880-2 ; 
 W. S. Moflfatt, 1883-6 ; 
 
 Centerville, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; Sept., 1848. 
 
 W. T. McAdam, 1852-3 ; R. McWatty, 1855-9 ; A. R. Rankin, 1859-61 ; 
 S. C. Reid, 1865-7 ; W. D. Ewing, 1870-86 ; 
 
 Centerville, Appanoose Co., Iowa; Des Moines; March 18, 
 1872. 
 
 G. R. Murray, 1876-9; M. B. Brownlee, S. S., 1882- 
 
 Chariton, Lucas Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Sept. 15, 1858. 
 
 J. K. Black, S. S., 1868-9; G. P. Raitt, S. S., 1872-3; S. F. Clark, S. S., 
 1875-6; R. B. Stewart, S. S., 1879-83; Albert Gordon, 1884- 
 
 Chartiers, Canonsburgh, Pa.; Chartiers; 1775. 
 
 M. Henderson, 1781-95 ; J. Smith, 1796-1802 ; J. Ramsay, 1805-49 ; J- B. 
 Clark, 1853-60; D. H. French, 1861-6; D. M. B. McLean, 1871-80; 
 W. B. Smiley, 1882- 
 
 Chartiers, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; Jan. 18, 1883. 
 
 E. P. Paxton, 1885- 
 
 Chartiers Cross Road, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; 18 10. 
 
 S. Findley, 1814-20; J.Graham, 1820-9; ^- McCahan, 1831-7; T. L. 
 10* 
 
154 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Speer, 1843-51; J. Andrews, 1853-8; J. C. Hen-on, 1860-7; H. A. Mc- 
 Donald, 1869-72; J. A. Crier, 1874-83; J. H. Timmons, 1884- 
 
 Chase City, Mecklenburgh Co., Va. ; 1872. 
 
 J. Y. Ashenhust, S. S., 1872-77; became extinct about 1882; organized 
 under Freedmen's Board, March 10, 1882; M. Clarke, Missionary and 
 S. S., 1878-81 ; J. A. Ramsay, S. S., 1882-; J. H. Veazey, 1883- 
 
 Cherry Fork, Adams Co., O. ; Chillicothe; 1803. 
 
 D. Risk, 1804-9 ; W. Baldridge, 1809-30; R.Stewart, 1832-51; D. Mc- 
 Dill, 1853-76; J. S. Martin, 1877- 
 
 Cherry Run, Clarion Co., Pa.; Brookville; May 6, 1858. 
 S. C. Reid, 1860-4; W. A. Black, 1867-72; M. S. Telford, 1873-82. 
 
 Chesley, Ontario, Can.; Stamford; 1875. 
 
 W. Findley, 1876-9. 
 
 Chetopa, Labette Co., Kan.; Garnett; May 10, 1869. 
 
 W. A. Findley, 1870-2; J. D. Graham, 1876-86; J. A. Thompson, 1887-7. 
 
 Chiastin, Lane Co., Oregon; Oregon; Feb., 1854. 
 
 J. M. Dick, 1854- 
 
 Chicago, 111.; Chicago; i860. 
 
 W. C. Jackson, 1861-68; J. M. Baugh, 1869-73; J. W. Bain, 1874-77; 
 W. T. Meloy, 1878- 
 
 Chicopee, Hamden Co., Mass.; Boston; Feb. 15, 1886. 
 
 G. Kerr, 1887- 
 
 Chikaskia, Sumner Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; Nov. 30, 
 1879. 
 L. Magee, 1885-6. 
 
 Cincinnati, O. ; ist Ohio; 1833. 
 
 J. C. Steele, 1838-41; J. Prestley, 1842-54; G. D. Archibald, 1855-60; 
 J. D. Turner, 1861-8; W. H. French, 1870- 
 
 Clarence, Cedar Co., Iowa; Le Claire; i860. 
 
 L. I. Crawford, S. S., 1864-65 ; J. S. Buchanan, 1S66-72 ; J. B. Galloway 
 1874-9; T. H. Brown, 1880-4; W. F. Johnston, 1885- 
 
 Glarinda, Page Co., Iowa; College Springs; Feb. 22, 1863. 
 
 D. C. Wilson, 1866-87 ; 
 
 Clarksville, Mercer Co., Pa.; Mercer; 1840. 
 
 B. K. Ormond, 1858-69; C. Cummins, 1870-6; W.J. Snodgrass, 1878- 
 
 Clayton, Adams Co., 111.; Monmouth; 1845. 
 
 S. Millen, 1849-56 ; J. H. Brown, 1864-9 ; J- A. Edie, 1869-78 ; J. V. 
 Pringle, 1879-87. 
 
 Clearfield, Taylor Co., Iowa; College Springs; Oct. 26, 1881. 
 
 J. W. Cleland, 1883-7 ; 
 
 Clear Fork, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1847. 
 
 J. C. Brownlee, 1854-5; D. Thompson, 1861-74; J- W. Martin, 1882- 
 
 Cleveland, O. ; ist Church; Cleveland; Nov. 5, 1843. 
 
 J. W. Logue, 1843-9; J. McGill, 1849-61; J. S. McConnell, S. S., 1862-65; 
 D. M. B. McLean, 1865-70; H. A. McDonald, 1872-5; J. L. Aten 
 1876-9; J. M. French, 1881- 
 
 Cleveland, O. ; 2d Church; Cleveland; May ti, 1883. 
 
 A. H. Elder, S. S., 1883-6; Pastor, 1887- 
 
 Clifton, Greene Co., O. ; Xenia; 1859. 
 
 W. A. Campbell, 1861-77; R. C. Wyatt, 1778-85; S. M. Bailey, 1886- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. I55 
 
 Clinton [Union], Butler Co., Pa.; Bntler; 1845. 
 
 I. Niblock, 1845-52; J. Jamisou, 1855-60; W. R. Hutchison, 1861-73; J. 
 M. Imbrie, 1875-8; S. B. Stewart, 1882- 
 
 Clintou, Allegheny Co. , Pa. ; Frankfort [part of Montour] ; 
 
 1797. 
 W. Wilson, 1800-42; J. Scott, 1843-5; T. B. Hanna, 1849-52; J. Thomp- 
 son, 1858-66; D. K. McKnight, 1872-86. 
 
 Clinton, Worcester Co., Mass.; Boston; Jan, 8, 1883. 
 
 Clintonville, Venango Co., Pa.; Butler; 1850. 
 
 W. A. Black, 1854-8; D. Forsyth, 1860-67; J. C. McElree, 1869-85. 
 
 Cochranton [Sugar Creek], Crawford Co., Pa.; Lake; 1815. 
 
 A. D. Campbell, 1817-20; S. F. Smith, 1828-46; H. H. Thompson, 
 1847-65; D. Donnan, 1866- 
 
 Coila, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; Aug., 1785. 
 
 T. Beveridge, 1789-98; J. Banks, 1799-1802; A. Bnllious, 1808-57; H. 
 Gordon, 1857- 
 
 Coin, Page Co., Iowa; College Springs; June 12, 1880. 
 
 R. M. Sherrard, 1881-3; J. Pattison, 1884- 
 
 Coldwater, Comanche Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; July 7, 
 1885. 
 
 W. R. Hutchison, 1886- 
 
 CoUege Springs [Amity], Page Co., Iowa; College Springs,; 
 June, 1857. 
 
 S. Anderson, 1867-9; M. Morrison, 1871-6; W. Johnson, 1877- 
 
 Colona, Henry Co., 111.; Rock Island; Dec. 22, 1866. 
 S. H. Weed, 1868-76; J. M. Moore, 1879-81; J. A. Gehrett, 1883-4. 
 
 Columbus, O. ; Xenia; Jan. 8, 1887. 
 
 Columbus City, Louisa Co., Iowa; Keokuk; 1844. 
 
 W. H. Andrew, 1848-51; A. Story, 1853-75; J. Brown, 1876-83; M. Tid- 
 ball, 1884- 
 
 Commerce, Oakland Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1845. 
 
 D. S. McHenry, 1852-57; D. H. Goodwillie, 1861-82; R. M. Sherrard, 
 1885- 
 
 Concord, Franklin Co., Pa.; Big Spring; 1815. 
 
 J. Brown, 1815-19; A. McCahan, 1828-30; R. Gracey, 1837-43; D. B. 
 Jones, S. S., 1856-60; J. McKee, S. S., 1861-4; J- A. McGill, 1865-85; 
 J. B. Work, 1886- 
 
 Concordia, Cloud Co., Kan., Concordia; Nov. 25, 1876. 
 
 p. D. Patterson, 1879-82 ; H. T. Jackson, 1883- 
 
 Conemaugh, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1798. 
 
 D. Blair, 1818-39; T. Gilkerson, 1840-54; W. Conner, 1859-63; D. W. 
 Collins, 1865-74; W. McKu-ahan, 1876-S2. 
 
 Connellsville, Fayette Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Oct. 30, 1876. 
 
 D. F. Mustard, 1885-6. 
 
 Connotton, Harrison Co., O. ; Steubenville; Aug. 20, 1849. 
 
 J. Golden, 1851-7; J. W. Martin, 1862-5; J. R- Slentz, 1867-9; A.J. Allen, 
 1872-82; N. E. Wade, 1886- 
 
 Coraopolis, Allegheny Co. , Pa.; Monongahela; Sept. 21, 1886. 
 
 J. A. lyawreuce, 1S86- 
 
156 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Corning, Adams Co., Iowa; College Springs; Oct. 19, 187 1. 
 
 S. T. Herron, S. S., 1871-5; A. McCartney, S. S., 1875-8; S. T. Herron, 
 S. S., 1884- 
 
 Corydon, Wayne Co., Iowa; Des Moines; 1856. 
 
 L. Proudfit, 1868-81. 
 Cottonwood Falls, Chase Co., Kan.; Neosho; May 25, 1872. 
 
 J. Taylor, S. S., 1876-84. 
 Coultersville, Randolph Co., 111.; Southern Illinois [Grand 
 Cote, Ref. Pres., became United Presbyterian 1870]. 
 
 W. S. Brattan, 1859-73; J. H. Peacock, 1873-5; J. H. Gibson, 1877-86. 
 
 Cove, Fulton Co., Pa.; Big Spring; 1783. 
 
 M. Lind, 1783-98; J. Young, 1799-1803:5. Lind, 1808-17; T. B. Clarkson, 
 1823-7; F. \V. McNaughton, 1828-57; J. Bruce, 1858-63; R. G. Fergu- 
 son, 1866-74; J- E. Black, 1878-83; J. L. Grove, 1885- 
 
 Covington, Wyoming Co., N. Y, ; Caledonia; Sept., 1827. 
 
 D. Strang, 1836-55; D. S. McHenry, 1858-64; A. B. Gilfillan, 1869- 
 
 Crawfordsville, Wa.shington Co., Iowa; Keokuk; Oct., 1838. 
 
 W. Smith, 1841-9; J. D. McNay, 1851-2; N. McDowell, 1854-65; \V. M. 
 Richie, 1866-71 ; T. Brown, 1872-9; J. H. Elliott, 1881- 
 
 Creston, Union Co., Iowa; College Springs; April i8, 1881. 
 
 L. N. Lafferty, S. S., 1884-6, pastor, 1886- 
 
 Crete, Indiana Co., Pa; Conemaugh; May, 1854. 
 
 B. Porter, 1856-9 ; M. H. Wilson, 1859-62 ; M. S. Telford, 1864-72 ; H. Q. 
 Graham, 1874- 
 
 Cross Creek, Brooks Co., W. Va. ; Frankfort; before 1800. 
 
 T. Allison, 1802-38; D. Thompson, 1838-47; J. C. Campbell, S. S., 
 1869-72; W. H. Hunter, 1875-6; S. Collins, S. S., 1877-80. 
 
 Crosswell [Davisville], Sanilac Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1863. 
 
 D. M. Gelvin, 1867-72 ; J. McGill, 1873-7. 
 
 Cuba, Crawford Co., Mo.; Southern Illinois; Sept. 12, 1868. 
 
 J. Howie, S. S., 1868-H; N. A. Whitehill, 1881- 
 
 Cutler [Concord], Perry Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; Ref. 
 
 Pres., Oct., 1841; U. P. 1870. 
 M. Harshaw, 1842-74; T. C. McKelvey, 1880-3; G. G. Wilson, 1887- 
 
 Cuylerville, Livingston Co., N. Y. ; Caledonia; March, 1847. 
 
 J. B. Scouller, 1847-52; W. C. Somers, 1853-6; F. M. Proctor, 1858-66; 
 J. Rippey, 1866- 
 
 Dalton [Newman's Creek], Wayne Co., O.; Mansfield; 1820. 
 
 S. Irvine, 1821-; J. McKee, 1837-41; J. R. Doig, 1842-8; D. W. Collins, 
 1850-2 ; J. Y. Ashenhust, 1854-6 ; A. McCartney, 185&-61 ; W. M. Gib- 
 son, 1861-3 ; J. G. Madge, 1870- 
 
 Dalton, Whitfield Co., Ga. ; Tennessee; Ap. 2, 1887. 
 Darlington [Brush Run], Beaver Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; 
 1800. 
 
 J. Duncan, 1800-4; D. Imbrie, 1806-42; B. F. Sawyer, 1844-60; H. Stur- 
 geon, 1862- 
 
 Davenport, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Oct. 30, 1868. 
 
 R. Stewart, 1868-72; J.;H. Wright, 1875-9; J- R- Frazier, 1880- 
 
 Davenport, Scott Co., Iowa; Rock Island; 1855. 
 
 J. R. McCalister, S. S., 1855-7; H. Wallace, 1863-71 ; J. U. McClenahan, 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAI^ RECORD. 157 
 
 1873-4; J. Boyd, S. S., 1880-3; S. B. Reed, S. vS., 1883-4; W. A. 
 Spaulding, S. S., 1885- 
 
 Davidson, Potter Co., Dak.; Omaha; 1886. 
 
 Dayton [Glade Run], Armstrong Co., Pa. ; Brookville; 1831. 
 
 J. Hindman, 1831-52 ; D. K. Duff, 1856-86. 
 
 Dayton, O. ; ist Ohio; i860. 
 
 J. B. Foster, S. S., 1861-3 ; W. S. McClanahan, S. S., 1865-6; R. Stew- 
 art, S. S., 1866-8; J. W. McNary, 1874-8; D. H. French, 1880- 
 
 Decatur, Adams Co., O. ; Chillicothe; Aug. 4, 1848. 
 
 A. W. McClanahan, 1848-62; J. M. Waddle, 1863-8; T. Mercer, 1873-81. 
 
 Deer Creek, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; 1802. 
 
 J. McConnell, 181 1-45; A. G. Shafer, 1847-68; S. M. Hood, 1870- 
 
 Deer Creek, Lawrence Co., Pa.; Mercer [part of Mahoning]; 
 
 1795- 
 J. Duncan, 1800-15 ; R. Douglass, 1820-3 I D. Goodwillie, 1826-33 '1 J- P- 
 
 Ramsay, 1835-57 ; J. Alexander, 1857-77 ; H. S. Boyd, 1878- 
 [New Bedford, Free Pres.; about 1850; J. C. Bigham, S. S., 1854-67; 
 U. P., 1866; about 1870 dissolved, part going into Deer Creek.] 
 
 DeKalb, Crawford Co., O. ; Mansfield; 1844. 
 
 R. G. Thompson, 1845-60; S. M. Coon, S. S., 1867-8; W. Wishart, 
 1869-77 ; S. J. S. Moore, 1881-4 ; T. M. Knox, 1886- 
 
 Delancey [Lansingville], Delaware Co., N, Y. ; Delaware; 
 1849. 
 W. J. Cleland, 1849-57 ; R. D. Williamson, 1859-61 ; D. S. McHenry, 
 1867-75 ; T. Park, 1878- 
 
 Delaware, Delaware Co., N, Y. ; Feb. 5, 1879. 
 L. E. Hawk, S. S., 1881- 
 
 Denver, Colo; Colorado; June 3, 1883. 
 
 C. B. Hatch, S. S., 1883-5 ; J- D- Rankin, 1885- 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa; Des Moines; Oct. 13, 1858. 
 
 J. H. Young, 1859-63; T. McCague, S. S., 1864-6; R. Turnbull, 1867-72 ; 
 J. P. Cowan, 1874-8 ; T. J. Kennedy, 1878-83 ; T. A. Shaw, 1884- 
 
 Detroit, Mich.; Detroit; May 8, 1853. 
 
 S. Patton, 1854-7 ; J- P- Scott, 1859-78 ; R. Turnbull, 1878- 
 
 Dewitt, Clinton Co., Iowa; LeClaire; Sept., 1855. 
 
 R. S. Campbell, 1856-68 ; D. Nicoll, 1869-84 ; J. P. Gibson, 1885- 
 
 Dexter, Dallas Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Nov. 2, 1879. 
 
 O. S. Morrow, 1881-4. 
 
 Dickson, Dickson Co., Tenn. ; Tennessee; Oct. 9, 1869. 
 
 S. F. Thompson, S. S., 1868- 
 
 Donegal, Westmoreland Co., Pa; Westmoreland; 1801. 
 
 J. Cree, 1803-6; J. Scroggs, 1815-72; G. C. Vincent, 1885- [Name 
 changed to Fairmount, 1886.] 
 
 Dunbar, Otoe Co., Neb.; Omaha; April 6, 1880. 
 
 H. B. Turner, 1881-4; C. Riddle, 1886- 
 
 Dundas, Pulaski Co., Mo.; Southern Illinois; March 9, 1883. 
 
 East Brady, Armstrong Co., Pa; Butler; 1871. 
 
 D. Dodds, 1872-3; J. S. McKee, 1875-80; W. Robertson, 1881-3, 
 
158 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 East Brook, Lawrence Co., Pa.; Mercer; May 8, 1840. 
 
 T. Mehard, 1 841-5 ; R. A. Browne, 1846-50; W. A. Mehard, 1851- 
 
 East Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; May 30, 
 1849. 
 
 J. McKirahan, 1850-4; J. B. Dunn, 1857-61; J. M. Orr, 1864-5; W. R. 
 Gladstone, 1868-77 i G- T. Galbraith, 1877-82 ; W. H. Haney, 1884- 
 
 East Liverpool, Columbiana Co. O. ; Steubenville; 1851, 
 
 S. W. Clark, 1851-8; T. Andrews, 1861-2 ; J. W. Martin, 1865-8; J. C. 
 Taggart, 1869- 
 
 East Palestine, Columbiana Co., O. ; Cleveland; 1835. 
 
 S. Patterson, 1849-55; H. Sturgeon, 1862-66; A. Y. Houston, 1867-72; 
 W. W. Curry, 1875-78; S. Collins, 1880-1 ; T. W. Winter, 1882-87. 
 
 East Salem, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; June 26, 1820. 
 J. White, 1825-7 ; D. Gordon, 1832-43 ; D. W. French, 1847-55 ; H. Brown, 
 1858-67 ; J. B. Clapperton, 1869-76 ; R. J. Cunningham, 1876-87 ; 
 
 East Union, Muskingum Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1842. 
 
 S. Wallace, 1843-9; J- Comin, 1851-60; S. Ramsey, 1862-3; J. R. Boyd, 
 1863-7 ; D. Paul, 1872-6 ; F. M. Spencer, S. S., 1881-2 ; J. H. Nash, 1883- 
 
 East Union, Allegheny Co., Pa. ; Allegheny, June 3, 1850. 
 J. Given, 1854-7 ; E. N. McElree, 1863-6 ; W. Weir, 1866-9 ; J. A. Bran- 
 don, 1871-6; J. M. Witherspoon, 1877-82; W. F. Miller, 1884- 
 
 East Unity [Scrub Grass], Venango Co., Pa; Butler; 1800. 
 
 T. McClintock, 1803-32 ; W. C. Pollock, 1835-52 ; W. A. Black, 1854- 
 58 ; D. Forsyth, 1860-7 ; J- C. McElree, 1869-85. 
 
 Ebenezer, Crawford Co., Pa.; Lake; May 27, 1865. 
 
 J. Burrows, 1865-86. 
 
 Ebenezer, Mercer Co., Pa.; Butler; Oct. 20, 1880. 
 
 J. J. Imbrie, 1883- 
 Eden, Gibson Co., Ind. ; Princeton; 1840. 
 
 S. C. Baldridge, 1840-53 ; R. Gray, 1856-65 ; J. McCrea, 1868-73 ; W. G. 
 Spencer, 1878-82; A. S. Montgomery, S. S., 1883- 
 
 Eden, Cherokee Co., Iowa; College Springs; 1880. 
 
 Edgerton, Johnston Co., Kan.; Garnet; March 7, 1869. 
 
 J. W. Martin, S. S., 1869-73; J. N. Smith, 1876-81; W. H. Anderson, 
 1882-5. 
 
 Elderton, Armstrong Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1845. 
 
 B. Porter, 1856-76 ; J. B. Jackson, 1877- 
 
 Elk City, Clarion Co., Pa.; Brookville; June lo, 1878. 
 Elkhorn Valley, Holt Co., Neb.; Omaha; June, 1881. 
 
 T. H. Pollock, 1883-85. 
 
 Ellison, Henderson Co., 111.; Monmouth; (Bethel Asso., Aug. 
 2, 1836. 
 
 W. Bruce, 1837-47 ;1N. McDowell, 1848-54 ; E. McCoy, 1856-58 ;) 
 (Asso. Ref. 1838 ; J. L. Freetly, 1842-46 ; W. R. Erskine, 1852-58) com- 
 bined in 1858 ; J. McArthur, 1859-72 ; J. H. Montgomery, 1875-83 ; 
 W. J. Buchanan, 1884- 
 
 Elmira, Stark Co., 111.; Monmouth ; June 15, 1850. 
 
 N. C. Weede, 1850-7; J. M. Graham, 1857-65; J. H. Montgomery, 1866- 
 73; J. M. Henderson, 1873-84; J. F. Ross, 1886- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 1 59 
 
 Elvira [Pleasant Prairie], Clinton Co., Iowa; Le Claire; Dec. 
 24, 1853. 
 
 J.B.Clark, 1854-5; R.S.Campbell, 1856-68; D. Nicoll, 1869-72; R. 
 Johnson, 1S74-6 ; G. W. Hamilton, 1877-80; W. G. M. Hays, 1S81-6; 
 S. R. McGlaughlin, 1886- 
 
 Emporia, Lyon Co., Kan.; Neosho; Sept. 10, 1869. 
 
 J. A. Collins, 1870-3; J. Barnett, S. S., 1876-81 ; C. Riddle, S. S., 1881-3 ; 
 W. I. Brooks, S. S., 1883-5 ; J. A. Reed, 1886- 
 
 Englewood, Cooke Co., 111.; Chicago; April, 1887. 
 
 Erie, Pa.; Lake; 1811. 
 
 R. Reid, 1812-44; J. Pressly, 1845-74; J. C. Wilson, 1876- 
 
 Etna, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; Feb. 13, 1868. 
 
 A. H. Calvert, 1868- 
 
 Eugene [Pleasant Ridge], Ringgold Co., Iowa; College 
 Springs: Aug. 28, 1871. 
 
 W. Brown, 1S71-7; P. H. Drennen, 1879-81; J. C. White, 1882-4. 
 
 Evansburg [Conneaut Lake], Crawford Co., Pa. ; Lake; 1826. 
 
 M. Snodgrass, 1S27-56; W. Bruce, S. S., 1856-60; J. B. Waddle, 1863-71 ; 
 S. M. Black, 1873-4; J. McNab, 1875-85. 
 
 Evansburg, Butler, Co., Pa.; Allegheny; 1838. 
 
 W. P. Breaden, 1843-7; W. A. Mehard, 1850-1; T. Drennen, 1853-7; 
 W. H. Jamieson, 1858-63 ; J. F. Martin, 1866-71 ; J. S. Brandon, 
 1873-8; J. M. Dight, 1880- 
 
 Ewart, Poweshiek Co., Iowa; Des Moines; May 4, 1776. 
 
 J. Gilmore, 1876- 
 
 Ewing, Holt Co., Neb.; Omaha; Feb. 26, 1886. 
 Fairfax, Linn Co., Iowa; Cedar Rapids; 1858. 
 
 J. T. Torrence, 1865-9; J- M. Gordon, 1869-71; J. D. Whitham, 1874- 
 83; M. M. Pollock, 1886- 
 
 Fairfield, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; 1801. 
 
 J. Cree, 1803-6; J. Scroggs, 1815-72; W. H. Vincent, 1874-87. 
 
 Fair Grove, Tuscola Co., Mich.; Detroit; Oct. 8, 1873. 
 W. Robertson, S. S., 1877-8; J. B. Wilson, 1879-87; 
 
 Fair Haven, Preble Co., O. ; ist Ohio; 1834. [Part of Hope- 
 well.] 
 
 J. Morrow, 1835-42 ; J. Reynolds, 1845-46 ; J. Y. ScouUer, 1847- 
 
 Fairmount; [see Donegal.] 
 
 Fairview, Guernsey Co. , O. ; Muskingum, 
 
 S. Findley, 1824-34; A.Miller, 1838-40; H.Forsyth, 1842-61; G. W. 
 Gowdy, 1863-7; S. M. Hutchison, 1867-74; I- N. White, 1875- 
 
 Fairview [Bear Creek], Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; passed from 
 Pres. to Asso. Ref., 1834. 
 
 J.Johnston, 1835; J. Green, 1835-44; R. Oliver, 1844-45; J- K. Riddell, 
 1847-48 ; J. H. Fife, 1849-55 ; J. A. Campbell, 1857-9 1 W. P. Breaden, 
 1860-71 ; D. Dodds, 1872-7 ; A. B. C. McFarland, 1878- 
 
 Fairv'iew [Rock Bluff], Cass Co., Neb.; Omaha; i860. 
 
 T. McCartney, 1861-8; R. B. Stewart, 1871-3; J. A. Shankland, S. S., 
 1876-9; G. R. Murray, 1880- 
 
 Fairview, Poweshiek Co., Iowa; Des Moines; 1883. 
 
 S. I. Lindsay, 1883-6 ; J. Pettigrew, 1887- 
 
l6o ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Fairview, Mitchell Co., Kan.; Concordia; May 17, 187^. 
 
 J. M. McKelvey, 1873-81. 
 
 Fairview, Dundy Co., Neb.; Pawnee; July 13, 1887. 
 Fall Creek, Highland Co.; O. ; Xenia; 1818. 
 
 J. Brown, 1826-6; J. Graham, 1834-9; J. Arbuthnot, 1841-51 ; A. Ritchie 
 1853-9; '^- H. Dysart, 1 861-2 ; J. P. Tedford, 1881-5. 
 
 Fall River, Mass.; Boston; June, 1846. 
 
 D. A. Wallace, 1851-4; W. McLaren, 1854-66; J. R. Kyle, 1867-75; 
 J. H. Turnbull, 1876-85 ; W. J. Martin, 1886- 
 
 Fleming, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; Nov. 6, 1869. 
 
 D. R. Imbrie, 1872-2 ; D. M. Thorn, 1873-6 ; J. H. Veazey, 1877-83 ; D. 
 R. Imbrie, 1884-6; A. Flick, 1887- 
 
 Florida, Montgomery Co., N. Y. ; Albany; 1786. 
 
 J. Banks, 1803-16; J. Donaldson, 1817-20; P. Campbell, 1823-43; G. M. 
 Hall, 1849-62; R. D. Williamson, 1862-70; R. Rogers, 1871- 
 
 Fort Gratiot, St. Clair Co., Mich.; Detroit; June 30, 1882. 
 
 D. H. Goodwillie, 1883- 
 
 Four Mile, Beaver Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; July, 1812. 
 
 E. N. Scroggs, 1820-49; J. A. McGill, 1851-3; D. H. A. McLean, 1861-6 ; 
 J. C. Evans, 1867-71 ; J. Thompson, 1875-8; J. A. Edie, 1880-6. 
 
 Four Mile, Perry Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; Feb. i6, i88s. 
 
 G. G. Wilson, 1887- 
 
 Four Mile, Clay Co., Kan.; Concordia; Oct. 5, 1885. 
 
 G. E. Carnahan, 1886- 
 
 Frankfort Springs [Harmon's Creek; King's Creek], Beaver 
 Co., Pa.; Frankfort; Aug., 1790. 
 J. Anderson, 1792-1830; W. M. McElwee, 1833-78; D. C. Stewart, 1881- 
 Franklin, Venango Co., Pa.; Lake; 1862. 
 
 A. H. Caldwell, 1865-7; J- McCartney, 1868-72; G. T. McClelland, 
 1874-6 ; N. Winegart, 1878-84. 
 
 Franklinville, Cattaraugus Co. , N. Y. ; Caledonia; June, 1867. 
 
 W. Donaldson, 1870-4; D. G. McKay, 1876- 
 
 Frazer, Huron Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1882. 
 
 A. McLeod, 1883-87. 
 
 Fredericksburg [Salt Creek,] Wayne Co., O. ; Mansfield; 
 1818. 
 
 S. Irvine, 1821-61 ; T. J. Kennedy, 1866-9; R- R- Atchison, 1871-8; 
 W. S. Harper, 1879-83 ; J. McNaugher, 1885-6 ; 
 
 Freeport, Armstrong Co., Pa.; Butler; 1820. 
 
 [Asso.; after 1858 known as the ist U. P.], H. Kirkland, 1820-34; W. 
 Galbraith, 1836-66; R. B. Robertson, 1867-72. [Asso. Ref., 1849; 2d 
 U. P., J. Jamison, 1855-60; E..N. McElree, 1863-74;] consolidated, 
 1877 ; A. E. Linn, 1877-81 ; H. C. Marshall, 1883-5. 
 
 Fremont, Sanilac Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1862. 
 
 N. A. Whitehill, 1877-8 ; A. B. McCarrell, 1879-S2 ; J. R. Baird, 1884- 
 
 Fresno, Fresno Co., Cal. ; San Francisco; May 28, 1886. 
 W. W. Gordon, 1886- 
 
 Galt, Ontario, Canada; Stamford; July 8, 1824. 
 
 J. Strang, 1833-57; R. Acheson, 1858-73; W. H. Andrew, 1S76-9; D. A. 
 Duff, 1880- 
 
WITH TIIKIR IIISTORICAI. RKCORD. l6l 
 
 Garner, Hancock Co., Iowa; Cedar Rapids; Sept. 21, 1872. 
 W. F. McLaughlan, 1880-2 ; J. E. Stewart, 1S83-5 ; S- I. Lindsay, 1886- 
 
 Garnett, Anderson Co., Kan.; Garnett; Oct. 17, 1859. 
 
 J. N. Smith, 1860-74; C. H. Strong, 1876- 
 
 Garretsville, Delaware Co., N. Y, ; Delaware; May 20, 1879. 
 
 T. C. Scott, 1S75-87. 
 Georgetown, Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; 1825. 
 
 J. Burrows, 1858-60; J. A. Bailey, 1S63-9; G. C. Brown, 1871-3; W. R. 
 Bruce, 1875- 
 Gerlaw [Spring Grove], Warren Co., 111.; Monmouth; June 
 22, .1855. 
 
 J. C. McKnight, 1856-60; W. M. Graham, 1860-3; T. P. Patterson, 
 1864-8; D.' Inches, 1869-74; R.Johnson, 1876-80; W.J. McCroi-y, 
 1883-4; A. W. Jamieson, 1S85- 
 
 Gettysburg, [Rock Creek], Adams Co., Pa.; Big Spring; 
 April 8, 1753. 
 
 A. Dobbin, 1774-1809; C. G. McLean, 1814-42; R. Gracey, 1844-9; D. 
 T. Carnahan, S. S., 1852-4; J. R. Warner, S. S., 1854-7; W. McElwee, 
 1858-63 ; J. S. Woodburn, 1864-5 ; J- Jamison, 1868-84. 
 
 Gilead, Wood Co., O. ; Sidney; Aug 6, 1854. 
 
 J. Duff, 1854-68; Wm. Wright, 1868-73; J. C. Bigham, S. S., 1874-7; 
 W. Wright, 1879-81 ; D. W. Irons, 1883-4. 
 
 Glade Run, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; 1812. 
 
 J. France, 1820-41; W. Douthett, 1849-54; J. G. Barnes, 1862-70; I. T. 
 Wright, 1872-81 ; R. E. Lackey, 1884- 
 
 Glade Run, Carroll Co., O. ; Steubenville; 1818. 
 
 J. Donaldson, 1823-34; J. Patterson, 1837-50; J. B. Barclay, 1852-7; 
 J. Boyd, 1859-65 ; I. N. White, 1866-75 ; J- S. McMunn, 1883- 
 
 Glen Dale, Scott Co., Minn.; Minnesota; Aug. 4, 1861. 
 
 J. L. Whitla, S. S., 1868-71 ; J. Rodgers, 1871-5; S. T. Herron, 1878-83. 
 
 Goldfield, Wright Co., Iowa; Cedar Rapids; March i, 1884. 
 
 J. Duncan, 1885- 
 
 Goorneh; Egypt; 1882. 
 
 Goshen, Perry Co., O. ; Muskingum; Sept. 21, 1832. 
 
 D. Lindsay, 1834-41 ; J. B. Forsyth, 1847-51 ; W. S. Harper, S. S., 
 1875-7; E. H. Huston, S. S., 1878-84. 
 
 Graham's Church, Orange Co., N. Y. ; New York; 1802. 
 
 J. Mcjimsey, 1802-9; A. J. Stansbury, 1810-16; J. Mcjimsey, 1819-54; 
 A. McWilliam, 1855-9; J- Erskine, 1861-85; J. E. vStewart, 1887- 
 
 Grand Mound, Clinton Co., Iowa; LeClaire; Aug. 28, 1879. 
 
 J. P. Gibson, 1885- 
 Grand Prairie, Washington Co., Iowa; Keokuk; Oct., 1859. 
 
 J. R. Doig, 1865-6 ; H. T. Ferguson, 1875-82 ; N. R. Walker, 1883-6. 
 
 Grant's Hill, Jefferson Co., O. ; Steubenville; 1866. 
 
 H. Y. Leiper, 1870- 
 
 Greeley, Anderson Co., Kan.; Garnett; June 8, 1878. 
 
 S. W. Gilkey, 1881-5 ; O. G. Brockett, 1887- 
 
 Greeley [successor to Evans]; Weld Co., Col.; Colorado; 
 
 Feb. 25, 1884. 
 [Sept. 5, 1874; S. B. Reid, S. S., 1874-6; T. B. McKee, 1876-7; D. M. 
 
 II 
 
1 62 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Gordon, 1878-S0; S. B. Reed, 1881-82; Dissolved, 1884.] H. F. Wal- 
 lace, 1885- 
 
 Greenfield [Hop Run], Highland Co., O. ; Xenia; 1809. 
 
 J. Crothers, 1811-18; J. Brown, 1826-6; J. Graham, 1834-9; J. Arbuth- 
 not, 1841-51 ; A. Ritchie, 1853-65; R. K. Campbell, 1865-70; J. P. 
 Tedford, 1881-5. 
 
 Greenfield, Adair Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Feb. 16, 1878. 
 
 J. F. Martin, 1879-83. 
 
 Greensboro, Orleans Co., Vt. ; Vermont; 1845. 
 
 G. Campbell, 1850-61; H.Brown, 1864-7; H. Brown, S. vS., 1867-70; 
 A. S. Stewart, 1878-81 ; A. McBride, 1882- 
 
 Greensburg, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Sept. 
 19, 1857. 
 J. G. Fulton, S. S., 1869; J. B. Jackson, 1873-5; J. Stevenson, 1S78-84; 
 J. A. Brandon, 1885-7. 
 
 Greenville, Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; 1801. 
 
 D. McLean, 1802-40; D. H. A. McLean, 1841-52; W. C. Jackson, 1854- 
 61 ; J. H. Tedford, 1862-5 ; J- R- Brittain, 1866- 
 
 Greenville, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1861. 
 
 J. T. Wilson, 1861-6; G. P. Raitt, 1866-9; D. H. Blair, 1876-7; T. P. 
 Patterson, 1879-84. 
 
 Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; May 26, 1880. 
 S. Bigger, 1880-5; J- T. Wilson, S. S., 1886- 
 
 Greenwood, Jackson Co.; Mo.; Western Missouri; March 17, 
 1868. 
 
 R. Ross, S. S., 1868; J. P. Dysart, S. S., 1869; J. M. McKitrick, 1870-3; 
 M. M. Brown, S. S., 1875-6; W. Wright, 1876-83; J. A. Morrow, 1886- 
 
 Gnjranwala, Punjab, India; Sialkot; Mar. 30, 1884. 
 Gurdaspur, Punjab, India; Sialkot; 1881. 
 Grove City [Pine Grove], Mercer Co., Pa.; Butler; Sept. ii, 
 1879. 
 W. B. Barr, 1879-85 ; J. C. McElree, 1885-6 ; J. A. Reed, 1887- 
 
 Guinston [Muddy Creek], York Co., Pa.; Big Spring; 1754. 
 J. Clarkson, 1773-1808; A. Gordon, 1818-25; J. Adams, 1S33-55 ; F. Mc- 
 Burney, 1856-68; S.Jamison, 1871- 
 
 Halsey [Harmony], Linn Co., Ore.; Oregon; 1854. 
 
 T. S. Kendall, 1854-70; R.J. Thompson, 1876-7; T.J. Wilson, 1877- 
 
 Hamilton, O. ; ist Ohio; 1817. 
 
 D. MacDill, 1818-47; W. Davidson, 1848-74; A. W. Clokey, 1874-6; 
 J. W. Bain, 1877-82 ; E. C. Simpson, 1882- 
 
 Hanover, Beaver Co., Pa.; Frankfort; about 1825. 
 
 J. Prestley, 1837-40; J.J. Buchanan, 1842-4; T. Calahan, 1849-54; W. 
 L. McConnell, 1857-8; J. Hagerty, 1858-61; W.M.Richie, 1862-5; 
 J. L. Purdy, 1867-81 ; M. S. Telford, 1882- 
 
 Hanover [Apple River], Jo Daviess Co.. 111.; Chicago; Sept., 
 1841. 
 T. Ferrier, 1841-53 ; [Galena branch, 1845 ; W. W. Harsha, 1846-54 ; R. 
 Acheson, 1857-8;] W. P. Currie, 1858-66; J. D. Smith, 1870-8; J. A. 
 Monteith, 1879-84; J. C. White, 1885- 
 
 Harbor, Lawrence Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; Aug. 20, 1852. 
 W. G. Reed, 1854-7; T. W. Winter, 1861-5 ; D. R. Imbrie, S. S., 1868-9; 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 163 
 
 J. Armstrong, S. S., 1870-3; A. Y. Houston, S. S., 1876-9; J- J- Im- 
 brie, S. S., 1879-82; A. P. Hutchison, 1885- 
 Harlansburg, Lawrence Co., Pa.; Butler; 1854. 
 
 N E Brown, 1866-86; M. B. Patterson, 1S87- 
 
 Harmarville [Indiana], Allegheny Co., Pa. ; Allegheny ; Oct. 
 i^, 1838. 
 
 T Gilmore 1842-56; W. G. Reed, i860- 
 
 Harmony [Boiling Spring], Bntler Co., P^- j, ^^J^^^ 1800. 
 
 T. McClintock, 1803-32 ; W. C. Pollock, 1835-52 ; S. Kerr, 185^ 
 
 TTflrrnonv Peoria Co. 111.; Central Illinois; 1836. 
 
 ^Tp P-kerto^ 1845 7; R- R- Coon, 1848-54; J- W. Pinkerton. 1858-62; 
 J. M. Gordon, 1862-9; J. HariDer, 1873- 
 
 Harrisville, Harrison Co., O. ; Wheeling; Jan., 1866. 
 
 J. p. Dysart, 1869-70; D. R. Imbrie, 1873-7; J- M. Parrar, 1878-84, 
 O. G. McDowell, 1S85-6. 
 Hartstown [Crooked Creek], Crawford Co Pa; Lake; 1830. 
 
 S. F. Smith, 1831-46; W. Dalzell, 1850-50; H. H. Hervey, 1853- 
 Hayesville, Ashland Co., O.; Mansfield; 1832. . „, ^. 
 
 k Hmdman, 1832-41 ; J- h. McLean, 1843-55 ; J- Y. Ashenhust, i856-,2 , 
 G. M. Reed, 1876-80 ; \V. Wishart, 1881-5 ; W. S. Rae, 1887- 
 Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; 1792. ^ ^^ , , 
 
 G Mairs 1793-4T J- Gray, 1798-1803; A. Denham, 1806-23; J- McAuky, 
 
 if27-35; J Middlemiss,' 1836-8; A. Shand, 1839-50; J- /""baU, 
 
 i8sU G H. Robertson, 1858-60; I. N. White, 1861-3 ; J- R- Fishes, 
 
 1866-74 ; T. Wylie, 1875-6 ; J. Hood, 1878-81 ; W. S. McEachrou, 1881- 
 
 Hebron, Porter Co., Ind. ; Northern Indiana; 1830. 
 
 W. Blain, 1842-7 ; J. N. Buchanan, 1851- 
 
 Hebron, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; Aug. 30, 1850. 
 
 H. C. McFarland, 1858-64; D. Barclay, 1867- 
 
 Henderson, Warren Co., 111. ; Monmouth; 1830. 
 
 J C Bruce, 1833-48; J- Scott, 1849-66; T. G. Morrow, 1869-72; D. A. 
 Wallace, 1874-5 ; D. MacDill, 1877-84; R- J- Davidson, 1&85- 
 
 Hiawatha, Brown Co., Kan.; Kansas; Oct. 28, 1876. 
 
 J. p. Black, 18S1-2; L. M. Williamson, 1885-7. 
 
 Hio-h Point, Ness Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; 1886. 
 
 High Ridge, Belmont Co., O. ; Wheeling; [Ref. Dis. Pres.], 
 
 ^J.^Anderson, 1824-51; J.Alexander, 1853-5; W.Grimes, 1858-71; T. 
 Love, 1872-85. 
 Hoboken, New Jersey; New York; Nov. 29, i^M- 
 
 W. G. McElhenny, 1855-60; S. C. Marshall, 1861-3; H. AH^n 1B66-7, 
 R Armstrong, 1868-71 ; J- Price, 1874-7 ; W. H. McKee, 1878^ ; J. C. 
 
 Scott, 1880-5. . , T7 11 
 
 Hodgeman Centre; Hodgeman Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; 
 
 1886. n 
 
 Holland Creek, Dickinson Co., Kan.; Neosho; May 5, 1877. 
 
 S. Alexander, S. S., 1881-2. 
 
 Holyoke, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; Dec. 25, 1874. 
 
 W. p. Shaw, 1877- 
 
 Honier City, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; June 17, 1873. 
 
 H. Q. Graham, 1874- 
 
164 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Homestead, Rock Island Co., 111.; Rock Island; 1852. 
 
 A. A. Rodgers, 1856-8; W.Cooke, 1859-70; R. S. Campbell, 1872-8; 
 S. A. Moore, 1879-81. 
 
 Hookstown, Beaver Co., Pa.; Frankfort; 1846. 
 
 T. Calahan, 1848-54; M. Ormond, 1859-67; A. I. Young, 1869-72; J. P. 
 Davis, 1872-4; S. C. Reid, 1879-82; W. McKirahan, 1884- 
 
 Hoopeston, Vermillion Co., 111. ; Central Illinois; May 5, 1872. 
 
 R. C. Wyatt, S. S., 1873-6; T. A. Houston, 1879-87; 
 
 Hopewell, York Co., Pa.; Big Spring; 1801. 
 
 C. Campbell, 1801-4; J. Wilson, 1808-12; D. B.Jones, 1843-7; W. Car- 
 lile, 1848-56; J.Boyd, 1857-8; F. McBurney, 1859-68; S.Jamison, 
 1871-5 ; J. Jamison, 1875- 
 
 Hopewell, Preble Co., O. ; ist Ohio; Sept., 1808. 
 
 A.Porter, 1814-33; A. Bower, 1834-7; S. W. McCracken, 1840-59; J. 
 McHatton, 1861-75; J. C. Campbell, 1878-84; E. H. Huston, 1884- 
 
 Hopewell, Perry Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; 1832. 
 
 S. C. Baldridge, i832-i5; J. Thompson, 1840-6; J. Morrow, 1849-53; W. 
 Wright, 1859-63; T. D. Davis, 1864-8; J. E. Richie, 1868-74; W. L. 
 Garges, 1880-1 ; G. G. Wilson, 1887- 
 
 Hopewell, Lincoln Co., Tenn. ; Tennessee; 1871. 
 
 J. W. Wait, 1873-8 ; D. Strang, 1878- 
 
 Hopewell, Mitchell Co., Kan.; Concordia; May 7, 1876. 
 
 J. McKelvey, S. S., 1876-7; J. P. Finney, 1879- 
 
 Hopkinsville, Warren Co., O. ; ist Ohio; 1815. 
 
 J. Graham, 183(^4; P. Montfort, 1836-46; H. Allen, 1847-55; R- K. 
 Campbell, 1856-65; H. Y. Leiper, 1867-9; J- H. Elliott, 1870-80; S. A. 
 Buck, 1880-3; R- S. McClenahan, 1887- 
 
 Howard, vSteuben Co., N. Y. ; Caledonia; 1826. 
 
 J. Campbell, J. Skellie, and others as S. S.; P. C. Robertson, 1858-83; 
 J. C. Hammond, 18S4-7. 
 
 Howard, Elk Co., Kan.; Neosho; Jan. 18, 1873. 
 
 W. H. Reid, 1884-6. 
 
 Huntsville [Cherokee], Logan Co., O. ; Sidney; 1831. 
 
 J.Wallace, 1832-61; W. C. Dunn, 1S65-70; J. H. Buchanan, 1870-9; 
 A. H. Orr, 1882- 
 
 Iberia, Morrow Co., O. ; Mansfield; March 30, 1829. 
 
 S. Hindman, 1830-48; J. L. Bull, 184S-53; W. H. French, 1857-70; 
 M. L. Ross, 1872-4; J. P. Robb, 1875- 
 
 Idana (Hebron, Chapmanville) , Clay Co., Kan.; Concordia; 
 Oct. 16, 1875. 
 
 J. McKelvey, 1882-3 ; J- M. McKitrick, 1884- 
 
 Idaville [Burnett's Creek], White Co., Ind. ; Northern Indi- 
 ana; 1843. 
 J. Thompson, 1847-52; T. Calahan, 1858-63; J. R. Reasoner, 1865-7; 
 G. Small, 1869-77; M. Tidball, 1881-4; A. K. Strane, 1885- 
 
 Indiana, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1817. 
 
 D. Blair, 1818-62; W. Fulton, 1864-70; W. S. Owens, 1871-7; J. D. 
 Brownlee, 1877- 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind.; Indiana; 1849. 
 
 J. C. Steele, 1849-53 ; S. Wallace, 1854-8 ; G. Small, S. S., 1860-7 ; A. W. 
 Clokey, S. S., 1867-8 ; [Services suspended and property sold ; revived 
 with new property 1872;] J. L- Clark, S. S., 1872-4; J. P. Robb, S. S., 
 1874-5; H. G. McVey, S. S., 1875-6; J. P. Cowan, 1880- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 165 
 
 Indian Creek, Montgomery Co., Iowa; College Springs; June 
 I, 1882. 
 
 W. R. Cox, 1882-6 ; R. Hood, 1886- 
 
 Indianola, Warren Co., Iowa; Des Moines; 1863. 
 
 A. McCartney, 1866-71 ; J. Calhoun, 1873- 
 
 Ireton, Sionx Co., Iowa; College Springs, Nov., 1883. 
 
 W. E. Dunlap, 1886- 
 
 Irwin, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Oct. 17, 1874. 
 [Part of Bethel, Westmoreland Co. ; from 1861 services 
 were held regularly until separate organization.] 
 E. N. McElree, 1875-9; C. B. Hatch, 1880-3; J. M. Achison, 1884- 
 
 Irwin [Kirkman], Shelby Co., Iowa; College Springs; April, 
 1881. 
 
 H. B. Turner, 1885- 
 
 Jacksonville, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1841. 
 
 M. H. Wilson, 1848-62 ; M. S. Telford, 1864-72 ; W. McKirahan, 1876-82. 
 
 Jamestown [Caesar's Creek], Greene Co., O. ; Xenia; 1844. 
 
 C. Cummins, 1846-61 ; W. A. Robb, 1863- 
 
 Jamestown, Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; Oct. 30, 1853. 
 
 H. H. Hervey, 1853-8; T.J. Kennedy, 1859-66; H. F. Stewart, 1867-8; 
 J. R. Wallace, 1871- 
 
 Jamestown, Cloud Co., Kan.; Concordia; April 17, 1883. 
 H. T. Jackson, 1883-6. 
 
 Jawilly; Egypt; Jail. 21, 1879. 
 
 Jefferson, Jefferson Co., Pa.; Brookville; 1828. 
 
 J. McCarroll, 1836-7; J. McAuley, 1838-41; J. Todd, 1843-58; J. C. 
 Truesdale, 1859-64; A. B. Stmthers, 1868-71 ; G. C. Vincent, 1872-7; 
 G. A. B. Robinson, 1878- 
 
 Jeflferson, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; Oct. 30, 1857. 
 
 J. D. Glenn, 1859-61; J. W. McFarland, 1867-9; C. B. Hatch, 1872-3; 
 R. B. Stewart, 1875-9; J- C. Hunter, 1881-5; T. W. Young, 1887- 
 
 Jeflferson, Wayne Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Jan. 2, 1871. 
 
 L. Proudfit, 1872-81 ; A. R. Muuford, S. S., 1882-6. 
 
 Jersey City, N. J. ; i.st Church; New York; Oct. 15, 1862. 
 
 R. A. Hill, 1864-70; T. H. Pollock, 1871-6; G. A. B. Robinson, 1877-8; 
 A. S. Biddle, 1879-82; W. G. Martin, 1887- 
 
 Jersey City, N. J.; 2d Church; New York; April 4, 1871. 
 
 R. Armstrong, 1872- 
 
 Jersey City, N. J. ; Summit Avenue; New York; June 13, 1882. 
 
 A. S. Biddle, 1882- 
 
 Jetmore, Hodgeman Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; 1886. 
 
 Jhelum, Punjab, India; Sialkot; 1885. 
 
 Johnstown, Fulton Co., N. Y. ; Albany; March, 1828. 
 
 J. G. vSniart, 1830-7; A.Gordon, 1844-5 ; A. Thomas, 1858-63; J. A. 
 Williamson, 1864- 
 
 Johnstown, Cambria Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; Aug. i, 1871. 
 
 J. W. Swaney, S. S., 1873-6; S. M. Black, 1878-81 ; J. H. Gibson, 1881- 
 
 Jonathan's Creek, Perry Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1805. 
 
 A. Craig, 1808-25; «• Waddle, 1829-36; E. B. Calderhead, 1841-54; J. 
 White, 1862-79; J. H. Leiper, 1882-4; R- B. Patton, 18S6- 
 
l66 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Jordan's Grove [Unity], Randolph Co., 111.; Southern Illi- 
 nois; 1828. 
 
 [Asso., T. S. Kendall, S. S., 1843-4; B. Porter, 1851-6;] J. P. Wright, 
 1861-1; R. N. Fee, 1862-71; T. B. McKee, 1875-6; R. C. Hamilton, 
 1877-79; W.J. Gillespie, 1879-83; W. P. McNary, 1885-6. 
 
 Kalida, Woodson Co., Kan.; Neosho; Nov. 5, 1870. 
 
 J. Duff, S. S., 1871-83 ; E. C. Cooper, S. S., 1873-4 ; J. Duff, S. S., 1875-81. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo.; Western Missouri; March 12, 1869. 
 
 W. C. Williamson, S. S., 1869-70; J. K. Martin, 1871-3 ; D. M. Mc- 
 Clellan, 1874- 
 
 Kenton, Hardin Co., O. ; Sidnev; Asso. Ref., 1840; Asso., 
 
 1841; U. P., 1859. 
 
 [Asso. Ref.] J. S. McCracken, 1843-51 ; J. F". Hutchison, 1853-7; [Asso.] 
 J. Wallace, S. S., 1841-7 ; J. L. Bull, 1848-58; [U. P.] B. Waddle, 
 1859-79; J. A. Henderson, 1880-5; J- C. Roe, 1887- 
 
 Keokuk, Iowa; Keokuk; Asso. Ref., 1853; Asso,, 1855. 
 
 [Asso. Ref] W. M. Boyse, 1853-61; [Asso.] J. Brown, 1856-75; D. E. 
 Shaw, 1876-85 ; W. C. Williamson, 1S85- 
 
 Keota, Keokuk Co., Iowa; Keokuk; June 18, 1873. 
 
 R. H. Barnes, 1875-82 ; R. Hood, 1882-5. 
 
 Kerr Ridge, Crawford Co., Pa.; Lake; 1852. 
 
 A. Murray, 1857-60; J. Jamison, S. S., 1864-5 i J- L. Clark, 1876-83. 
 
 Kingsville, Johnson Co. , Mo. ; Western Missouri ; Nov. 8, 
 1867. 
 R. G. Thompson, S. S., 1867-9; J- ^- Graham; 1870-3; J. K. Martin, 
 S. S., 1874-5; W. Stevenson, 1878-84; J. A. Morrow, 1886- 
 
 King's Creek, Beaver Co., Pa.; Frankport; 1854. 
 
 J. L. Purdy, 1860-80; J. McKelvy, 1885- 
 
 Kirkwood [Young America], Warren Co., 111.; Monmouth; 
 1858. 
 
 J. B. Foster, 1864-7; W.J. McSurely, 1867-8; J. M. Waddle, 1869-76; 
 L. N. Lafferty, 1877-83; W. T. McConnell, 1884- 
 
 Kittanning, Armstrong Co., Pa.; Butler; 1845. 
 
 J. N. Dick, 1849-76; S.J. Glass, 1878-84; D. McCaw, 18S6- 
 
 Knapp, Dunn Co., Wis.; Wisconsin; Feb. 16, 1883. 
 Knoxville, Jefferson Co., O. ; Steubenville; 1837. 
 
 W. Lorimer, 1838-48; J. C. Campbell, 1848-53; J. H. Peacock, 1859-67; 
 J. B. Borland, 1871-87. 
 
 Knoxville, Marion Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Oct. 22, 1853. 
 
 J. White, 1856-8; J. A. Vance, 1860-63; D. F. Bonner, 1865-70; H. F. 
 Wallace, 1S72-5 ; J. H. Nash, 1877-8; J. M. McKitrick, 1880-3; J- C. 
 Calhouu, S. S., 1883-4. 
 
 Knoxville, Knox Co., Tenn. ; Tennessee; March 18, 1877. 
 S. B. Reed, S. S., 1877-81 ; J. S. McCuUoch, S. S., 1881- 
 
 Koos; Egypt; April 3, 1882. 
 
 Kortright, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Dec, 1792. 
 
 W. McAuley, 1795-1851 ; C. Irving, 1847-70; A. M. Smeallie, 1872- 
 
 Lacona, Warren Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Nov. 15, 1865. 
 
 A. McCartney, 1866-8; D. Harris, 1870-7; A. McCartney, 1879-83; Al- 
 bert Gordon, 1885- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 167 
 
 Lancaster, Jefferson Co., Ind. ; Indiana; Oct. 30, 1882. 
 La Prairie (Fairfield) Marshall Co., 111.; Monmouth; 1844. 
 
 N. C. Weede, 1849-61; J.F.Graham, 1863-5; M. Morrison, 1866-70; 
 H. H. Houston, 1875-84. 
 
 Latrobe, Westmoreland Co. , Pa. ; Westmoreland; May 29, 1853. 
 W. Conner, S. S., 1855-7; J. B. Jackson, 1873-7; J. Stevenson, 1878-82; 
 G. C. Vincent, 1885- 
 Laurel Hill, Fayette Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; 1791. 
 
 D. Proudfit, 1798-1824; M. McKinstry, 1836-45; D. H. Pollock, 1849-53; 
 J. H. Fife, 1856-61 ; T. F. Boyd, 1865-7; T. P. Patterson, 1870-7; S. B. 
 McBride, 1878- 
 
 Lawrence, Kan.; Kansas; June 18, 1867. 
 
 J. C. Herron, 1S67-75 ; J. A. Nelson, 1877-84 ; R. A. George, 1886- 
 
 Lawrence, Mass.; Boston; 1854. 
 
 S. F. Thompson, 1855-7 ; J. Diusmore, 1859-62 ; J. Hogg, 1868-75 ; J. A. 
 Burns, 1876-8; R. A. McAyeal, 1879- 
 
 Leavenworth, Kan.; Kansas; May i, 1858. 
 
 B L Baldridge, 1858-66; W. P. McNary, 1866-9; '^- M. Spencer, 1871-9; 
 H. C. Marshall, 1880-2 ; J. A. Monteith, S. S., 1884-5 ; W. J- Gillespie, 
 1886- 
 Lebanon, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1838. 
 
 S. Wallace, 1843-9; J. Duncan, 1850-74; R. C. Criswell, 1878-85; C. E. 
 White, 1886- 
 
 Lebanon, Mercer Co., Pa.; Mercer; Nov., 1849. 
 
 G. C. Vincent, 1849-69; R. T. McCrea, 1869-74; C. Cummins, 1876-85. 
 
 Lebanon, Lincoln Co., Tenn. ; Tennessee; 1865. 
 
 A. B. Coleman, 1868- 
 
 Lebanon, Laclede Co., Mo.; Southern Illinois; April i, 1883. 
 
 J. F. Martin, 1883-87. 
 
 LeClaire Prairie, Scott Co., Iowa; Leclaire; 1849. 
 
 S. E. McKee, 1857-9; S. S. Ralston, 1860-82 ; J. C. Warnock, 1883- 
 
 Leechburg, Armstrong Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; March 14, 
 1881. 
 
 J. Dodds, 1884- 
 
 Leesburg, Lawrence Co., Pa.; Mercer; 1859. 
 
 W. Findley, S. S., 1865-7 ; W. H. Jeffers, S. S., 1868-9 ; J- Armstrong, S. 
 S., 1870-2; J. L. Robertson, 1875-6 ; J. C. Bigham, 1877- 
 
 Leipsic [Poplar Ridge], Putnam Co., O. ; Sidney; Oct., 1836. 
 S. McLean, 1842-9; J. M. Snodgrass, 1851-8; J. Rodgers, 1863-8; W. 
 Wright, S. S., 1870-3 ; J. C. Bigham, S. S., 1876-7 ; R. H. Boyd, 1883-4. 
 Lenox, Taylor Co., Iowa; College Springs; Sept. 19, 1874. 
 
 J. W. Johnston, 1878-85. 
 
 Lenox, Chase Co., Neb.; Pawnee; July 19, 1887. 
 
 Levin, Douglas Co., Minn.; Minnesota; 1871. 
 
 J. L. Whitla, 1873-85. 
 Lexington [Troy], Richland Co., O. ; Mansfield; Nov., 1821. 
 
 J. Johnston, 1822-42; S. Findley, 1843-6; D. C. Cochran, S. S., 1849-50; 
 R. Gailey, 1850^75 ; T. P. Dysart, 1875-9; J. K. Martin, 1880-4. 
 
 Liberty, Trumbull Co., O. ; Cleveland; 1805. 
 
 J. Duncan, 1805-15 ; R. Douglass, 1820-3 ; D. Goodwillie, 1826-75 ; W. R. 
 Cox, 1877-80 ; G. A. Roseburg, 1881- 
 
1 68 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 lyiberty, Gage Co., Neb.; Pawnee; June 20, 1883. 
 
 S. B. Moore, 1884- 
 
 Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; Albany; 1804. 
 
 T. White, i8i2-i3;J. Douglass, 1823-30; J. Beveridge, S. S., 1833-5; A. 
 Lewis, S. S., 1835-7; J. McAuley, 1847-52; J. M. Heron, 1856-6; J. 
 Harper, 1858-72 ; B. J. Forrester, 1875-6 ; J. Service, 1877-84 ; R. A. 
 Elliott, 1887- 
 
 Lisbon, Waukesha Co., Wis.; Wisconsin; 1847. 
 
 G. W. Gowdy, 1850-54; S. M. Coon, 1855-62; J. A. Vance, 1867-77; T. 
 E. Turner, 1878- 
 
 Little Muskingum, Washington Co., O. ; Steubenville; Sept. 
 
 3, 1847. 
 
 Supplies; H. Forsyth, S. S., 1862-5; H. Parks, S. S., 1866-78; D. M. 
 Sleeth, S. S., 1878-84. 
 
 Little York, Warren Co., 111.; Rock Island; April 28, 1863. 
 
 W. H. McMillan, 1864-70; W. T. Campbell, 1871-4; D. Anderson, 1875-8 ; 
 G. W. Hamilton, 1880-5 ; J- H. Clark, 1887- 
 
 Living Lake, Washington Co., Iowa. ; Keokuk; April 15, 1868. 
 J. Patterson, 1868-72; H. T. Ferguson, 1875-82; N. R. Walker, 1883-6. 
 
 Locust Grove, Adams Co., O. ; Chillicothe; Sept. 29, 1884. 
 
 Logan's Ferry, Allegheny Co., Pa. ; Westmoreland, Dec, 1857. 
 J. Given, 1859-73; A. Young, S. S., 1875- 
 
 Londonderry, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1818. 
 
 D. McLean, 1824-7 ; A. Isaac, 1827-40 ; J. Marshall, 1844-54 ! J- Patterson, 
 1855-67 ; R. H. Boyd, 1S70-5 ; J. W. Taylor, 1876- 
 
 Lone Grove, Pawnee Co., Neb.; Pawnee; April 21, 1877. 
 R. Gray, 1882-5. 
 
 Loveland, Larimer Co., Colo.; Colorado; Nov. 25, 1875. 
 
 W. H. McCreery, S. S., 1875-80; W. R. Stevenson, S. S., 1881-83; J. A. 
 Ferguson, 1883- 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. ; San Francisco, 1884. 
 
 J. M. Hervey, S. S., 1884- 
 
 Lower Chanceford, York Co. , Pa, ; Big Spring; March 26, 1771. 
 J. Cuthbertson, S. S., 1771-91 ; C. Campbell, i8oi-4;J. Wilson, 1808-12; 
 D. B. Jones, 1843-7; W. Carlile, 1848-56; J. Boyd, 1857-8; T. F. Baird, 
 1861-5 ; D. G. Bruce, 1869-72 ; A. S. Aiken, 1875- 
 
 Low Point, Woodford Co., 111. ; Central Illinois; Nov. 13, 1854. 
 
 p. H. Drennen, 1S58-69; W. Bruce, 1872-4; R. B. Nesbit, 1875-80; W. 
 M. Story, 1881- 
 
 Lumber City, Clearfield Co., Pa.; Brookville; Sept. 15, 1868. 
 
 J. C. Greer, 1872-9. 
 
 Luxor; Egypt; March 30, 1882. 
 
 Lyndon, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. ; Caledonia; Feb. 29, 1840. 
 W. Howden, S. S., 1840-9; D. C. McVean, 1850-65; R. G. Campbell, 
 1870-80 ; J. D. Lytle, 1881-6 ; J. L. Thompson, 1887- 
 
 Lyndon, Osage Co., Kan. ; Garnett; May i, 1872. 
 
 S. Alexander, 1882- 
 
 Maasera; Egypt; 1880. 
 
 Macedon, Mercer Co., O. ; Sidney; Aug. 27, 1857. 
 W. Wright, 1878-81 ; J. C. Gibney, 1886- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RKCORD. 169 
 
 McCune [Jacksonville; Dunbar], Crawford Co., Kan.; Gar- 
 nett; July 30, 1870. 
 
 J. H. Adair, vS. vS., 1871-4; D. D. Christy, S. S., 1877-9; J. D. Graham, 
 S. S., 1881-2; J. A. Shannon, S. S., 1883-4. 
 
 McDonald, Washington Co. , Pa. ; Monongahela; Feb. 26, 1876. 
 
 W. G. Nevin, S. S., 1876-7 ; J. M. McArthur, 1877-9; W. D. Irons, 1880- 
 
 McKeesport, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Oct. 10, 
 1851. 
 
 A. G. Wallace, 1854-7 ; M. McKinstry, 1857-61 ; A. H. Elder, 1863-75 ; 
 J. Kelso, 1877-85 ; A. I. Young, 1886- 
 
 McMahon's Creek, Belmont Co., O. ; Wheeling; 1827. 
 
 J. Clokey, 1827-36; S. McArthur, 1838-49; J. Alexander, 1853-5; W. 
 Grimes, 1858-63 ; W. S. Moffatt, 1868-82. 
 
 Madison, Jefferson Co., Ind. ; Indiana; Sept. 16, 1844. 
 
 J. Brown, 1844-55; S. Collins, 1860-7; J- F. Hutchison, 1868-76; J. A. 
 Kennedy, 1878-83;;. L. Ateu, S. S., 1883- 
 
 Madison, Westmoreland Co. , Pa. ; Westmoreland ; Aug. 7, 
 
 i860. 
 A. B. Fields, 1862-7; J- A. Nelson, 1872-5; S. B. Stewart, 1878-9; J. A. 
 Scroggs, 1881-3 ; J. A. Lawrence, 1884-6 ; D. M. Thorn, 1887- 
 
 Mahoning, Mahoning Co., O. ; Beaver Valley; 1795. 
 
 J. Duncan, 1800-15 I J- Neil, 1838-43 ; R. W. Oliver, 1846-53 ; W. G. Reed, 
 1854-7; T. W. Winter, 1861-72; W. T. McConnell, 1873-83; A. P. 
 Hutchison, 1885- 
 
 Mahoning, Indiana Co., Pa.; Brookville; Oct. i, 1827. 
 
 J. Hindman, 1831-45; J. C. Telford, 1850-67; D. M. Thorn, 1868-70; D. 
 W. McLane, 1871-5; D. H. Blair, 1877-83. 
 
 Mair; Egypt; 1883. 
 
 Majors, Buffalo Co., Neb.; Omaha; Dec. 20, 1882. 
 I. A. Wilson, 1885- 
 
 Mansfield, Richland Co., O. ; Mansfield; 1819. 
 
 J. Johnston, 1822-51 ; W. Dalzell, 1853-7 ; D. Paul, 1857-65 ; D. H. French, 
 1866-79; J. A. Anderson, 1880-87; W. H. Vincent, 1887- 
 
 Mansfield, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; Dec. 30, 1856. 
 A. Calhoun, 1858-61 ; G. K. Ormond, 1870-3 ; C. B. Hatch, 1876-9; T. C. 
 Atchison, 1881- 
 
 Maple Ridge, Alpena Co., Mich.; Detroit ; Feb. 11, 1886. 
 Marali, Punjab, India; Sialkot; March 21, 1882. 
 Marissa, St. Clair Co., 111. [Hill Prairie]; Southern Illinois; 
 1870. 
 
 J. W. Glenn, 1872-9; S. R. Lyon, 1880-5 ; E. McKee, 1885- 
 
 Marshalltown, Marshall Co., Iowa; Cedar Rapids; Oct 19, 
 1867. 
 
 W. M. Richie, 1881-4; W. B. Cherry, S. S., 1885- 
 
 Martin, Allegan Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1842. 
 
 W. T. Canning, 1854-7; T.J. Wilson, 1864-8; J. Anderson, 1868-77; D- 
 R. Miller, 1881- 
 
 Martin's Ferry, Belmont Co., O. ; Wheeling, 1851. 
 
 D. G. Bradford, 1856-7 ; R. G. Campbell, 1863-7 ; J. R. Slentz, 1870-3 ; 
 W. Weir, 1874-85 ; A. E. Brownlee, 1886- 
 
 II* 
 
170 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Meade Centre, Meade Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; 1886. 
 Mechanicsburg, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1850. 
 
 J. C. Greer, 1857-65; S. McArthur, 1866-70; D. H. Blair, 1876-7; T. P. 
 Patterson, 1879. 
 
 Mechanicstown, Carroll Co., O. ; Steubenville; about 1S35. 
 
 J. Donaldson, 1841-4; W. H. Jamison, 1846-54; J. Boyd, 1859-69; S. M. 
 Coon, 1871-82;;. S. McMuuu, 1883- 
 
 Mellawi; Egypt; 1876. 
 
 Mercer, Pa., ist Church [Cool Spring]; Mercer; 1802. 
 
 T. McClintock, 1803-5;!. Walker, 1811-14; I- Beggs, 1827-36; D. H. A. 
 McLean, 1 841-5 ; G. C. Vincent, 1847-52; D. W. French, 1856-75; J. 
 M. French, 1875-80; J. S. McKee, 1881-4; H. W. Crabbe, 1885- 
 
 Mercer, Pa., 2d Church; Mercer; 1805. 
 
 J. Galloway, 1811-18; J. L. Dinwiddle, 1820-34; A. Bower, 1839-42; W. 
 T. McAdam, 1847-53; R- McWatty, 1854-82;]. A. Grier, 1883- 
 
 Mercersburg, Franklin Co., Pa.; Big Spring; Aug., 1822. 
 
 T. B. Clarkson, 1S23-7 ; F. W. McNaughton, 1828-57 ; J. Bruce, 1858-63; 
 R. G. Ferguson, 1866-74; J. E. Black, 1878-83. 
 
 Meredith, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; May 26, 1870. 
 
 R.J. Creswell, 1871-3; J. C. Hammond, 1876-83; H. S. McAyeal, 1887- 
 
 Mexico [Fermanagh], Juniata Co., Pa.; Big Spring; 1777. 
 
 W. Logan, 1777-1805 ; T. Smith, 1806-32; J. Shields, 1835-62; J. 
 McCartney, 1862-7 ; F. McBurney, 1869- 
 
 Mifflin, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; 1803. 
 
 J. Kerr, 1804-18; S. Weir, 1820-44 ; J. J. Buchanan, 1846-9; H. C. McFar- 
 land, 1853-7; J. D. Glenn, 1859-61 ; C. B. Hatch, 1871-5; J. C. Hunter, 
 1881-5. 
 Millersburg, Holmes Co., O. ; Mansfield; Asso., Aug. 7, 1825; 
 Asso. Ref., 1 84 1. 
 [Asso.] S. Irvine, 1837-52; J. P. Scott, 1855-9; [Asso. Ref.] D. F. Raid, 
 1841-7; [U. P.] W. M. Gibson, 1863-73; A. D. McCarroll, 1874-7; A. 
 F. Kirkpatrick, 1880-2 ; J. Galley, 1885- 
 
 Milo, Warren Co., Iowa; Des Moines; May 9, 1881. 
 
 Milo, Vernon Co., Mo.; Southern Illinois; Dec. 7, 1884. 
 
 Milton [Esquesing], Ontario, Canada; Stamford; 1824. 
 
 D. Coutts, 1836-42; J. D. Cunningham, 1844-48; J. Gillespie, 1851-S3; 
 A. F. Kirkpatrick, 1884- 
 
 Miltonvale, Cloud Co., Kan.; Concordia; June i, 1882. 
 
 W. I. Brooks, S. S., 1885; pastor, 1886- 
 
 Milroy [Bethesda], Rush Co., Ind. ; Nov. 18, 1835. 
 
 J. N. Pressly, 1838-51 ; N. C. McDill, 1852-9 ; J. I. Frazer, 1861-5; W. A. 
 Hutchison, 1867-9; J- G. Freeborn, 1870-1 ; A. R. Rankin, 1873-6; J. 
 F. Hutchison, 1876- 
 
 Minden, Kearney Co., Neb.; Pawnee; April 10, 1884. 
 
 J. A. Duff, 18S6- 
 
 Minyah; Egypt; 1885. 
 
 Mishta; Egypt; July, 1881. 
 
 Mission Creek, Pawnee Co., Neb.; Pawnee; 1872. 
 
 W. A. Pollock, S. S., 1875-6; M. Morrison, 1878- 
 
 Mitchell, Knox Co., Neb.; Omaha; 1883. 
 
 W. R. Baldridge, S. S., 1884- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 17I 
 
 Monmouth, 111., ist Church; Monmouth; May 9, 1853. 
 
 D. A. Wallace, 1856-60; A. Young, 1S59-63 ; D. G. Bradford, 1863-67; R. 
 B. Ewing, 1868-9; J. G. Barnes, 1870-80; T. H. Hanna, 1880- 
 
 Monmouth, 111., 2d Church; Monmouth; 1862. 
 
 D. A. Wallace, 1S63-8; A. Young, 1863-71; D. M. Ure, 1872-4; W. T. 
 Campbell, 1875- 
 
 Monroe [Worthington], Richland Co., O. ; Mansfield; 1825. 
 
 J. Johnston, 1833-8; W. Laughridge, 1839-40; G. Wilson, 1842-4; R. 
 Gailey, 1849-63; D. H. French, 1866-68; G. M. Reed, 1876-80; J. K. 
 Martin, 1882-84. 
 
 Monroe, Jasper Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Aug. 12, 1861. 
 
 D. F. Bonner, 1865-6; W. Johnston, 1867-70; J. F. Martin, 1871-9; W. 
 E. Shaw, 1879- 
 
 Morea [Palestine], Crawford Co., 111.; Princeton; 1859. 
 
 A. McHatton, 1861-77 i O. G. Brockett, 1878-82 ; W. D. Ralston, 1887- 
 
 Morganville [Sunday Creek], Morgan Co., O. ; Muskingum; 
 1830. 
 S. L. Haft, 1837-44 ; J. Burrows, 1852-7 ; Supplies — 
 
 Morning Sun [Beech Woods], Preble Co., O. ; ist Ohio; Ref. 
 Pres., 1820; U. P., 1870. 
 
 [Ref Pres.] G. McMillan, till death; J. H. Cooper, 1867-74; [U. P.] H. 
 A. McDonald, 1877-8; J. M. Johnston, 1879-81 ; R. H. Hume, 1882- 
 
 Morning Sun [Virginia Grove], Louisa Co., Iowa; Keokuk; 
 
 1840. 
 J. Duff, 1844-7; W. M. Graham, 1850-60; T. A. Sanson, 1862-4; W. Lor- 
 imer, 1865-70; H. Wallace, 1871-7; W. T. Moffett, 1878-83; T. C. 
 McKelvey, 1885- 
 
 Moteah; Egypt; Nov. 8, 1871. 
 
 Mt. Ayr, Ringgold Co., Iowa; College Springs; i860. 
 
 W. Brown, 1869-77 ; J. H. Tedford, 1879-85 ; G. T. Scott, 1887- 
 
 Mt. Chestnut, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; 1857. 
 
 J. A. Clark, 1859-76; T. W. Young, 1879-84. 
 
 Mt. Gilead, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; June 27, 1843. 
 
 R. Armstrong, 1847-53 ; J- C. Brysou, 1855-66 ; D. K. McKnight, 1872-4 ; 
 G. H. Getty, 1884-5 ; J. A. Lawrence, 1886- 
 
 Mt. Hermon, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; March, 1857. 
 
 J. Duncan, 1857-66; J. T. Campbell, 1869- 
 
 Mt. Hope, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; 1800. 
 
 T. Allison, 1802-37 ; D. Thompson, 1838-47 ; J. T. Brownlee, 1851- 
 
 Mt. Jackson, Lawrence Co., Pa. ; Beaver Valley; 1820. 
 
 D. Norwood, 1826-33; J- Neil, 1S3S-60; C. Cummins, 1861-9; H. R. 
 McClelland, 1870-85. 
 
 Mt. Joy, Scioto Co., O. ; Chillicothe; Nov. 8, 1851. 
 
 Supplies; J. B. Gowdy, S. S., 1882. 
 
 Mt. Nebo, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; 1838. 
 
 W. Burnett, 1845-50; J. Greer, 1852-5; J. L. Fairley, 1856-69; D. R. 
 Imbrie, 1870-2 ; W. J. Cooper, 1874-7 ', D. R. Imbrie, 1878- 
 
 Mt. Pleasant, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; 1795. 
 
 W. C. Brownlee, 1809-12 ; A. Donnan, 1819-52 ; J. R. Thompson, 1853-61 ; 
 W. A. McConuell, 1865- 
 
172 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; 1802. 
 
 M. Dick, 1807-23; R. Gailey, 1839-49; D. H. Pollock, 1849-53; J. H. 
 Fife, 1856-61 ; A. B. Fields, 1862-7 ; J- A. Nelson, 1872-5 ; R. B. Tag- 
 gart, 1877-83; H. S. Wilson, 1884- 
 
 Mt. Pleasant [Swamp Creek], Butler Co., O. ; ist Ohio; 1802. 
 
 D. Risk, 1809-13; S. P. Magaw, 1818-40; J. M. Graham, 1842-7; S. P. 
 Berry, 1849-50; J. S. Robertson, 1852-66; S. R. Frazier, 1867-71 ; A. F. 
 Ashton, 1874-84; S. A. Livingston, 1887- 
 
 Mt, Pleasant [Providence], Clinton Co., Ind. ; Northern In- 
 diana; 1832. 
 
 J. Reynolds, 1832-40; R. R. Coon, 1842-8; J. P. Wright, 1850-5; S. C. 
 Baldridge, 1856-61; T. Mercer, 1864-70; J. C. White, 1875-80; A. K. 
 Strane, 1881-5 ; J. T. Wilson, 1886- 
 
 Mt. Pleasant, Butler Co., Pa.; Allegheny; Ref. Pres., 1825, 
 U. P., 1859. 
 T. Guthrie, 1826-65; J. F. Martin, 1866-71;;. vS. Brandon, 1873-8; J. M. 
 Dight, 1880- 
 
 Mt. Pleasant, Beaver Co., Pa.; Frankfort; Aug. 8, 1877. 
 [Part of Service.] 
 
 J. H. Breaden, 1S79-86. 
 
 Mt. Prospect, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; Feb. 4, i860. 
 
 T. Balph, 1864-74; J. P- Davis, 1875-86. 
 
 Mt. Washington, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; Jan. 27, 
 1884. 
 D. M. Clelaud, S. 8., 18S5 ; pastor, 1886- 
 
 Mt. Varnum, Butler Co. , Pa. ; Butler. 
 
 J. K. Riddell, 1847-8; J. H. Fife, 1849-55;;. A. Campbell, 1857-9; W. A. 
 Black, 1860-73; J- H- Dodds, 1874-7; R- A. GilfiUan, 1879-82; R. C. 
 Dodds, 1883-85. 
 
 Mountville [Eight-Tracts], Lawrence Co., Pa.; Beaver Val- 
 ley; Oct. 28, 1807. 
 
 A. Murray, 1811-46; J. McClintock, 1847-56; A. Irons, 1859-63; J. M. 
 Donaldson, 1865-70; D. D. Christy, 1871-3;;. Patterson, 1874-82. 
 
 Mount Zion [Lower Piney], Armstrong Co., Pa. ; Brookville. 
 
 J. Hindman, 1831-52 ; D. K. Duff, 1856-70 ; J. M. Imbrie, 1882- 
 
 Mulberry [Bethel], Bates Co., Mo.; Western Missouri; March 
 28, 1868. 
 
 W. p. Currie, S. S., 1868-70; J. P. Wright, 1871-4; J. Taylor, 1876-8; S. 
 W. Lorimer, 1880-6 ; 
 
 Muddy Run, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Philadelphia; 1742. 
 
 [The oldest organization in the Church, having associated as a worship- 
 ping assembl}- ten years before the arrival of the Rev. J. Cuthbertsou. 
 Never had an installed pastor, but was supplied as an out station of 
 Octoraro.] 
 
 Mumford, Monroe Co., N. Y. ; Caledonia; May 13, 1869. 
 [Previously a part of Caledonia. ] 
 W. H. Haney, 1873-83; J. A. Nelson, 1884-84; C. H. Robinson, 1886- 
 
 Murray, Wells Co., Ind.; Northern Indiana; 1846. 
 
 D. Morrow, 1857-63; A. Mayn, S. S., 1866-71; R. Gray, 1873-9; J- 
 McCrea, S. S., 18S0- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. I73 
 
 Murraysville, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Oct. 
 
 12, 1877. 
 A. R. Rankin, 1879-86. 
 
 Nails Creek, Dickson Co., Tenn. ; Tennessee; 1869. 
 S. F. Thompson, S. S., 1869- 
 
 Naklialeli; Eg}'pt; 187 1. 
 
 Nassau [Pleasant Grove], Mahaska Co., Iowa; Des Moines; 
 Nov. 28, 1870. 
 
 J. Shearer, S. S., 1874-6; S. F. Clark, 1878- 
 
 Neshannock, Lawrence Co. , Pa. ; Beaver Valley ; Ref. Pres. , 
 1814; U. P., 1869. 
 
 [Ref. Pres. The successive pastors were Gibson ; Gibson ; A. 
 
 W. Black ; George Scott ; J. Hutchman ; G. R. McMillan ; John Alford ; 
 T. W. Wylie; became U. P., 1869;] J. B. Whitten, 1S69-74; W. E. 
 Shaw, 1876-8; E. N. McElree, 1879-85; N. Winegart, 1885- 
 
 New Alexandria, Westmoreland Co. , Pa. ; Westmoreland ; 
 Aug. 19, 1805. 
 
 M. Dick, 1807-16; J. G. Fulton, 1840-7; J. W. Duff, 1848-50; O. Katz, 
 1861-86. 
 
 Newark, N. J. ; New York; 1850. 
 
 G. Donuan, 1851-62; A. A. McConnell, 1S66-9; A. Crawford, 1869-77; 
 W. M. Gibson. 1878-81; D. W. Lusk, 1881-3; R. T. Wyley, 18S5-6 ; 
 J. A. Shaw, 1887- 
 
 New Athens, Harrison Co., O. ; Wheeling; 1851. 
 Supplies, 1851-67; R. G. Campbell, 1S67- 
 
 New Bethlehem, Beaver Co., Pa.; Frankfort; 1864. 
 
 D. F. Mustard, 1872-5; A. H. Orr, 1875-80 ; J. A. Shrader, 1882- 
 
 New Brighton [Big Beaver; New Bethel;] [Falls of Beaver], 
 Beaver Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; Asso. , 1803; Asso. Ref, 
 1825; U. P-, 1858. 
 
 [Asso.] David Imbrie, 1806-8; [discontinued, and revived previous to 
 1820;] J. France, 1820-41; B. F. Sawyer, 1844-58; [Asso. Ref. J M. 
 Kerr, 1828-30; T. L,. Speer, 1840-3 ; J. McLean, 1848-55; consolidated, 
 1858; J. D. Glenn, 1863-7; A. G. Wallace, 1868-84; W. B. Barr, 1885- 
 
 Newburg, N. Y. ; New York; Dec. 6, 1859, 
 
 R. Armstrong, 1861-8; J. G. D. Findley, 1869- 
 
 New Castle, Pa., ist Church; Beaver Valley; Dec. 25; 1849. 
 
 R. A. Browne, 1S50-67 ; J. W. Bain, 1868-73 ; R. A. Browne, 1873- 
 
 New Castle, Pa., 2d Church; Beaver Valley; April 29, 1884. 
 J. Q. A. McDowell, 1886- 
 
 New Concord [Crooked Creek], Muskingum, Co., O. ; Musk- 
 ingum; 1812. 
 
 A. Craig, 1812-23; D. Proudiit, 1824-30; J. Welsh, 1835-6; B. Waddle, 
 1836-58; J. C. Murch, 1860-76; D. Paul, 1876- 
 
 New Florence, Westmoreland Co., Pa. ; Conemaugh; Dec. 23, 
 1875- 
 
 D. W. McLane, 1876-80; S. M. Black, 1881- 
 
 New Jefferson, Harrison Co., O. ; Steubenville; Aug. 14, 1838. 
 
 J. Bryan, 1841-53 ; J. McKirahan, 1856-63; T. R. Simpson, 1S66-70; J. A. 
 INIorrow, 1870-85. 
 
 New Kingston, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Aug. 7, 1857. 
 
 J. Service, 1S62-7 ; A. W. McGibbon, 1870-83 ; G. H. Getty, 1S86- 
 
174 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 New Lebanon, Columbiana Co., O. ; Steubenville; 1831. 
 
 J. Donaldson, 1836-42; W. H. Jamison, 1846-54; I. N. White, 1866-75; 
 H. H. Brownlee, 1877-80; J. W. Best, 1881- 
 
 New Lisbon, Columbiana Co., O. ; Cleveland; April 22, 1839. 
 
 S. T. Herron, 1846-68 ; T. A. Scott, 1869-72 ; W. G. Nevin, 1873-5 ; A. H. 
 Elder, 1877-82 ; \V. Wallace, 1S87- 
 
 New Market, Harrison Co., O. ; Steubenville; June 24, 1839. 
 
 J. Bryan, 1841-53 ; J. McKirahan, 1856-63; T. R. Simpson, 1866-70; J. A. 
 Morrow, 1870-85. 
 
 New Salem, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; May 30, 1836. 
 
 J. Duncan, 1850-4; W. Johnston, 1856-66; W. C. Somers, 1869-74; J. W. 
 Martin, 1874- 
 
 Newton, Jasper Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Dec. 3, 1870. 
 
 E. S. McMichael, 1872-9 ; J. A. Ferguson, 1879-82 ; J. A. McCalmont, 1886- 
 
 Newton, Kan.; Neosho; March 7, 1884. 
 
 C. L. McCracken, S. S., 1885 ; R. C. Wyatt, S. S., 1885- 
 
 New Vernon, Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; Oct. 24, 1853. 
 
 J. Burrows, 1858-60; J. A. Bailey, 1863-9; G. C. Brown, 1871-3; W. R. 
 Bruce, 1875-84. 
 
 New Wilmington, Lawrence Co., Pa., ist Church; Mercer; 
 1809. 
 
 A. Murray, 181 1+ ; A. Boyd, 1833-8; D. R. Imbrie, 1842-67 ; J. R. Miller, 
 1867-9 ; J- M. Donaldson, 1870-4 ; J. H. Gibson, 1876-80 ; H. G. McVey, 
 i8Sr- 
 
 [Neshannock, Free Pres. ; 1850; U. P., 1S66; J. C. Bigham, S. S., 
 
 1854-67 ; absorbed in New Wilmington ist, 186S.] 
 
 New Wilmington, 2d Church; Mercer; March 27, 1850. 
 
 W. A. Mehard, 1852-72 ; E. T. Jeffers, S. S., 1S74-83 ; J. A. Kenedy, 1884- 
 
 New York City, Charles Street; New York; March, 1830. 
 
 J. Irvine, 1831-5 ; H. H. Blair, 1S36-77 ; W. J. Gillespie, 1877-9 ; J- White, 
 1880-7 
 
 New York City, Seventh Avenue; New York; March, 1830. 
 
 J. Irvine, 183 1-5 ; W. J. Cleland, 1843-6; J. Harper, 1850-68; S. H. Gra- 
 ham, 1871-4 ; R. W. Kidd, 1876- 
 
 New York City, W. 51st St. [Jane Street]; New York; Feb. 
 3. 1839. 
 
 P. Gordon, 1840-6; A. H. Wright, 1847-53; J- Brash, 1855-68; G. D. 
 Matthews, 1868-74; R- Scott, 1875-7; A. H. Harshaw, 1878-80; W. M. 
 Gibson, 1881-3; A. H. Harshaw, 1885- 
 
 New York City, W. 25th Street; New York; Oct 31, 1849. 
 
 J. Thompson, 1853-71 ; vS. J. Stewart, 1872-4; J. Kirkpatrick, 1875-80; J. 
 B. Clapperton, 18S2- 
 
 New York City, W. 44th Street; New York; Nov. 25, 1855. 
 
 J. B. Whitten, 1857-9; G. Campbell, 1861-77; W. N. Richie, 1877-82; D. 
 A. McClenahan, 1882-5 ; H. H. Wallace, 1886- 
 
 New York City, 119th St., [B. 127th St.]; New York; Feb. 
 20, 1873. 
 
 G. T. Galbraith, 1875-6; J. Price, 1878-80; R. E. Lackey, 1881-3; W. R. 
 Harshaw, 1885-7. 
 
 New Zion, Fillmore Co., Neb.; Pawnee; Jan. 13, 1877. 
 
 D. Forsythe, 1880- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. I75 
 
 Ninnescah, Sedgwick Co., Kan.; iVrkansas Valley; Dec. 26, 
 
 1876. 
 J. S. Turnbull, 1877- 
 
 Noblestown, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; 1792. 
 
 W. Wilson, 1800-30; J. Rodgers, 1831-8; J. M. French, 1841-3 ; F. A. 
 Hutchinson, 1850-69; W.' P. Shaw, 1870^5; W.B.Cherry, 1878-83; 
 G. T. Scott, 1884-5. 
 
 Norfolk, Va. ; Board of Missions to the Freedmen; April 25, 
 1886. 
 
 M. Clarke, Missionary, 1883-6 ; W. L. Wallace, 1886- 
 
 North Arg>^le, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; 1830. 
 
 D. vStalker, 1831-52; W.'e. Kenning, 1853- 
 
 North Bend, Dodge Co., Neb.; Omaha; July 19, 1861. 
 
 I. A. Wilson, 1867-76; D. Inches, 1877-87. 
 
 North Branch, Madison Co., Iowa; Des Moines; June 5, 1869. 
 C. T. McCaughan, 1869-70; G. P. Raitt, 1874-80; G. W. Torrance, S. S., 
 
 1880. 
 
 North Buffalo, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; 1778. 
 
 M. Henderson, 1781-95; R. Laing, 1 797-1805 ; D. French, 1811-54; W. 
 M. Gibson, 1855-61 ; R. C. Welch, 1867-8; J. Stevenson, 1871-6; S.J. 
 Kyle, 1877-87. 
 
 North Cedar, Jackson Co., Kan.; Kansas; April i, 1880. 
 J. S. Colvin, 1883- 
 
 North English, Iowa Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Dec. i, 1886. 
 J.A.Burns, 1872-6; J. B. Gowdy, 1880-81; S.I. Lindsay, 1883-6; J. 
 Pettigrew, 1887- 
 
 Northfield, Summit Co., Ohio; Cleveland; Sept. 15, 1833, 
 
 J. Banks, 1834-9; J. W. Logue, 1843-83; W. C. Lawther, 1884- 
 
 North Hamden, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Oct. 13, 1881. 
 
 W. G. Martin, 1884-87. 
 
 North Henderson, Mercer Co., 111.; Rock Island; 1842. 
 
 R. W. French, 1844-8; N. McDowell, 1849-54; J. A. Edie, 1857-69; J. 
 M. French, 1872-5; J. T. McCrory, 1877-80; W. A. Spalding, 1881-4; 
 T. H. Brown, 1885-6; J. D. Lytle, 1886- 
 
 North Kortright, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; March 13, 
 1850. [Part of Kortright.] 
 J. Erskine, 1852-60; J. M. Smeallie, 1861-8; R. B. Taggart, 1869-73; 
 R. C. Monteith, 1875-87. 
 
 North Page, Page Co., Iowa; College Springs; April 3, 1870. 
 
 J. A. Shankland, S. S., 1873-6; D. Dodds, 1878- 
 
 North Shenango, Crawford Co., Pa.; Lake; Feb. 9, 1849. 
 
 W. Dalzell, 1850-50; H. H. Hervey, 1853- 
 
 Northwood, Logan Co., O. ; Sidney; June 14, 1859. 
 
 W. H. Jeflfers, 1863-5; J- W. Taylor, 1868-71; A. Smith, 1872-6; J. W. 
 Kerr, 1880-5. 
 
 Nortonville, Jefferson Co., Kan.; Kansas; Oct. 11, 1874. 
 
 J. Alter, 1877-84; W. L. Garges, 1885- 
 
 Norwich, Muskingum, Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1863. 
 
 J. R. Boyd, 1863-7 ; D. Paul, 1869-72 ; W. S. Harper, 1875-7 ; E. H. 
 Huston, 1878-84. 
 
176 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Oakdale [Elkhorn], Washington Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; 
 Ref. Pres., 1868; U. P., 1870. 
 
 J. M. Henderson, 1872-7 ; H. M. Pressly, 1878-86. 
 
 Oak Grove [Whiteoak Grove], McLean Co., 111.; Central 
 Illinois; Sept. i, 185 1. 
 
 E. S. McCaughey, 1854-5 ; W. R. Erskine, 1859-65 ; N. R. Kirkpatrick, 
 1866-71 ; J. L. Fairley, 1872-4; T. G. Morrow, 1875-81 ; R. J. David- 
 son, 1882-5; C- R- Birnbach, S. S., 1885-5 ; J- B. Gowdy, 1886- 
 
 Oak Grove, Lawrence Co., Pa. ; Beaver Valley; 1873. 
 
 W. E. Shaw, 1876-8; E. N. McElree, 1879-85; N. Winegart, 1885- 
 
 Oak Grove, Butler Co., Pa.; Allegheny; Aug. 27, 1878. 
 
 J. M. Duncan, 1885-7. 
 
 Oakland, Indiana Co., Pa.; Brookville; June 10, 1859. 
 
 J. T. Wilson, 1861-61; G. P. Raitt, 1866-9; J- Given, 1876-82. 
 
 Oakland, Beaver Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; Aug. 19, 1870. 
 
 J. C. Evans, 1872-9; J. Patterson, 1881- 
 
 Oakland, Hancock Co., W. Va. ; Frankfort; Oct. 22, 1875. 
 
 J. H. Breaden, 1878-9 ; J. McKelvey, 1885- 
 
 Oakland, Spencer Co., Ind. ; Princeton; Aug. 17, 1881. 
 W. G. Spencer, S. S., 1881-3; A. S. Montgomery, S. S., 1884- 
 
 Octoraro, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Philadelphia; Oct. 20, 1754. 
 
 A. Gellatly, 1754-61; J. Smith,' 1772-94; E. Dickey, 1796-1822 ; W. 
 Easton, 1827-78; D. Anderson, 1880- 
 
 Ohio [Flaugherty's Run], Beaver Co., Pa.; Frankfort; 1820. 
 
 J. Rodgers, 1831-8; W. H. Walker, 1839-41 ; A. Murray, 1843-54; W. L. 
 Wilson, 1859-62; J. W. Witherspoon, 1863-6; J. P. Sharp, 1870-3. 
 
 Oil City, Venango Co., Pa.; Lake; April 15, 1864. 
 
 J. McNab, 1867-73 ; J- W. Swaney, 1877-82 ; J. W. Smith, 1883-5 ; W. E. 
 Stewart, 1886- 
 Olathe, Johnson Co., Kan.; Garnett; Nov. 10, 1866. 
 
 A. Renwick, 1869-74 ; J. U. McClenahan, 1878-9 ; T. P. Dysart, 1881-2 ; 
 A. N. Hagerty, 1885-7. 
 
 Olena, Henderson Co. , 111.; Monmouth; Sept. 8, 1859. [Part 
 of Ellison.] 
 
 C. Thompson, 1863-66; A. McMillan, 1869-71; W. R. Erskine, 1874-5; 
 J. K. Martin, 1876-9; R. W. McBride, 1879-84; J. C. Calhoun, 1885- 
 
 Olive Branch [Rising], Butler Co., Neb.; Omaha; Jan. 8, 
 
 1884. 
 Olivet, Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; Sept., 1840. 
 
 A. McCahan, 1843-4; M.H.Wilson, 1848-59; S.Anderson, 1859-67; 
 J. C. Telford, 1867-79; A. S. Stewart, 1884-6. 
 
 Omaha, Neb., ist Church; Omaha; Jan., 1868. 
 
 T. McCague. S. S., 1868-71; J. Duncan, S. S., 1872-3; T. McCague, 
 S. S., 1873-5 ; J- McCartney, S. S., 1875-7 ; D. R. Miller, S. S., 1877-9 i 
 E. B. Graham, 1880- 
 
 Omaha; Park Ave.; Omaha; Oct. 14, 1886. 
 J. A. Henderson, 1887- 
 
 Omaha; Central; Omaha; 1887. 
 
 Ontario, Richland Co., O. ; Mansfield; 1849. 
 
 J. L. McLean, 1849-53; D- W. Collins, 1854-64; S. M. Hutchison, 
 1865-7 ; W. Wishart, 1S69-77 ; J. M. Moore, 1881-85. 
 
WITH THKIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 1 77 
 
 Orchard, Antelope Co., Neb.; Omaha; Aug. 3, 1883. 
 L. Proudfit, 1884- 
 
 Oskaloosa, Mahaska Co., Iowa; Des Moines; June 17, 1849, 
 
 R. N. Fee, 1849-55; R. A. McAyeal, 1856-78; W. A. Spalding, 1879-81 ; 
 J. C. Calhoun, 1882-3; O- S. Morrow, 1884- 
 
 Ottawa, Franklin Co., Kan.; Garnett; July 20, 1867. 
 
 E. C. Cooper, S. vS., 1868-9; D. R. Imbrie, 1870-2; W. R. Hutchison, 
 1873-85; H. M. Fressly, 1886- 
 
 Otter Lake, Lapeer Co., Mich,; Detroit; April 15, 1881. 
 J. B. Wilson, 1 881-7. 
 
 Oxford, Chester Co., Pa.; Philadelphia; 1754. 
 
 A. Gellatly, 1754-8; M. Henderson, 175S-S1 ; J. Smith, 1783-94; E. 
 Dickey, 1796-1822; W. Easton, 1827-54; J. H. Andrew, 1855-63; E. T. 
 Jeffers, 1865-72; G. A. B. Robinson, 1873-6; R. T. Wylie, 1877-S0; 
 A. H. Crosbie, 1881-87. 
 
 Oxford, Butler Oo., O. ; ist Ohio; 1837. 
 
 S. W. McCracken, S. S., 1837-40; T- Claybaugh, 1840-55; A. Yonng, 
 S. S., 1855-8; W.J. McvSurely, 1859-66; M. Ormond, 1867-71; J. F. 
 Black, 1874-8; J. Dodds, 1879-81; S. R. Frazier, 1882-5; H. A. Mc- 
 Donald, 1886- 
 Page Center, Page Co., Iowa; College Springs; June 24, 1874. 
 
 D. C. Wilson, 1874- 
 
 Palmetto, Bedford Co., Tenn. ; Tennessee; 1865. 
 
 J. McNeal, S. S., 1867-9; Creswell, Waite, and other Supplies. 
 
 Palo Alto, Jasper Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Dec. 3, 1870. 
 
 E. S. McMichael, 1872-9 ; J. A. Ferguson, 1879-82 ; J. A. McCalmont, 
 1886- 
 
 Pana, Christian Co., 111.; Central Illinois; June 22, 1866. 
 
 J. V. Pringle, 1869-78. 
 
 Parker [Lawrenceburg], Armstrong Co., Pa.; Butler; 1834. 
 J.Johnston, S. S., 1834-5; J. Green, 1835-41; R. W. Oliver, 1844-5; 
 J. K. Riddell, 1847-8 ; J. H. Fife, 1849-55 ; W. G. Nevin, 1872-3 ; J. T. 
 Wilson, 1874-8; W. Robertson, 1878-83. 
 
 Paris [Herman's Creek], Washington Co., Pa.; Frankfort; 
 about 1805. 
 
 G. Buchanan, 181 1-38; J. M. Galloway, 1839-55; J. C. Campbell, 1855- 
 75; J. R. May, 1876-9; W. J. Cooper, 1880- 
 
 Parks, Dundy Co., Neb.; Pawnee; July 12, 1887. 
 Parnassus, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Feb. 4, 
 1876. 
 
 Supplies ; C. H. Marshall, 1885- 
 
 Paterson, N. J.; New York; April 30, 1857. 
 
 H. W. Todd, 1857-69; R. D. Williamson, 1870-1 ; J. Teas, 1872-77; A. 
 Smith, 1877- 
 
 Patterson [Montpelier], Madison Co., Iowa; Des Moines; 
 Dec. 3, 1867. 
 G. P. Raitt, 1874-6; G. W. Torrence, 1883- 
 
 Patterson's Mills, Washington Co., Pa. ; Frankfort; May, 1883. 
 J. Pettigrew, 1884-86. 
 
 Pawnee City, Neb. ; Pawnee; May 6, 1867. 
 
 R. J. McCready, 1871- 
 12 
 
178 ALPHABETICAL LLST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Paxton, Ford Co., 111.; Central Illinois; Oct. 3, 1859. 
 
 R. McCracken, 1861-5 ; J. C. Truesdale, 1S66-71 ; W. M. Richie, 1872-7; 
 E. D. Campbell, 1877-81 ; T. G. Morrow, 1881- 
 
 Peck, Sanilac Co., Mich.; Detroit; March 11, 1880. 
 Pepin, Pepin Co., Wis.; Minnesota; Nov. 16, 1867. 
 
 D. F. Raid, S. S., 1867-76; B. McCullough, S. vS., 1S76-S6. 
 
 Peru, Madison Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Oct. 25, 1870. 
 
 C. T. McCaughan, 1870-82. 
 
 Peter's Creek, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; Oct. 5, 1795. 
 
 J. Smith, 1796-1803; R. Bruce, 1808-14; A. Wilson, 1817-39; J. Brown, 
 1840-3; J. C. Herron, 1845-53; J. B. Whitten, 1854-6; A. Y. Houston, 
 1858-64 ; J. Patterson, 1867-72 ; R. M. Patterson, 1873-82 ; R. H. Hood, 
 18S4- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., ist Church; Philadelphia; 1767. 
 
 W. Marshall, 1769-1S02 ; J. Shaw, 1805-10; W. C. Brownlee, 1812-14; 
 J.Banks, 1816-26; T. Beveridge, 1827-35; C.Webster, 1837-45; F. 
 Church, 1S56- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 2d Ch. ; Philadelphia; 1831. 
 
 J. Forsyth, 1834-6 ; J. B. Dales, 1840- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 3d Ch. ; Philadelphia; 1837. 
 
 A. T. McGill, S. S., 1837-8; J. T. Cooper, 1839-71 ; J. C. Wilson, 1872-5 ; 
 S. G. Fitzgerald, 1876- 
 
 Philadelpliia, Pa., 4th Ch. ; Philadelphia; Aug. 20, 1844. 
 
 J. B. Scouller, 1844-6; A. Bower, 1847-51 ; R. W. Oliver, 1853-4; G. C. 
 Arnold, 1855-63; D. M. Gordon, 1864-7; W. C.Jackson, 1868-78; A. 
 Crawford, 1879-83 ; J. M. Farrar, 1884- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 5th Ch. ; Philadelphia; March, 1848. 
 
 D. T. Carnahan, 1848-9; J. L. Fairley, 1850-2; R. Armstrong, 1853-60; 
 T. H. Hanna, 1S62-7; A. Calhoun, 1868-73; S. G. Fitzgerald, 1874-5; 
 T. M. Watson, 1876-7; J. H. Wright, 1879-80; I. T. Wright, 1882- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 7th Ch. ; Philadelphia; 1855. 
 
 J. Price, 1856-73; J. B. Whitten, 1875-82; D. W. Lusk, 1883-5; M. G. 
 Kyle, 1886- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 8th Ch. ; Philadelphia; 1767 [Part of the 
 ist Church until 1845. See "Scouller's Manual" under 
 Webster, Chauncey]. 
 
 C. Webster, 1837-56 ; W. W. Barr, 1859- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 9th Ch. ; Philadelphia; i860. 
 
 J. Crowe, 1860- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., loth Ch. ; Philadelphia; 1863. 
 
 J. M. Hutchison, 1S65-9 ; S. S. W^hite, 1871-6; J. Teas, 1878- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., North Ch. ; Philadelphia; 1867. 
 
 L. Marks, S. S., 1867-8; W. S. Owens, 1869-71; J. R. Kerr, 1872-5; H. 
 A. McDonald, 1878-81; J. Q. A. McDowell, 1882-4; M. W. Pressly, 
 1S86- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 12th Ch. ; Philadelphia; April 4, 1882. 
 J. Price, S. S., 1882- 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 13th Ch. [Falls of Schuylkill]; Phila- 
 delphia; 1885, 
 
 Pigeon Creek, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; 1818. 
 A. Wilson, 1820-34; B. Boyd, 1834-60; D. S. Littell, 1861-86. 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAI. RECORD. 1 79 
 
 Pine Creek, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; Ref. Pres., 
 1805-7; U. P., 1874. 
 
 [Ref. Pres.] M. Williams, from orgauizatiou until about 1825; T. 
 Guthrie, 1S27-56; T. Johnston, 1860-73; [U. P.] N. E- Wade, 1875- 
 84; R. H. Park, 1885- 
 
 Piney Fork, Jefferson Co., O. ; Stenbenville; 1800. 
 
 A. Calderhead, 1808-12; T. Hanna, 1821-35; J. Clokey, 1836-47; W. 
 Ivorimer, 1854-8; J. M. Jamieson, 1860- 
 
 Piper City [New Brenton], Ford Co., 111.; Central Illinois; 
 May 14, 1867. 
 
 J. C. Bigham, 1867-74; W. Morrow, S. S., 1877-82; W. R. Baldridge, 
 1882-3; W. H. Ferguson, 1885- 
 
 Piqua, Miami Co., O. ; Sidney; 1815. 
 
 J. Reynolds, S. vS., 1829-30; J. C. Porter, 1834-40; J. M. Gordon, 1841- 
 50; J. K. Andrews. 1851-6; S. Wallace, 185S-69; J. H. Brown, 1869- 
 84 ; J. W. Kerr, 1885- 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., ist Church; Monongahela; Nov. 24, 1801. 
 
 E. Henderson, 1802-4; R- Bruce, 1808-46; A. Anderson, 1847-9; H. W. 
 Lee, 1849-55 ; S. B. Reed, 1857-9 ; W. J. Raid, 1862- (H. C. Marshall, 
 Asso. Pas., 1885.) 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 2d Ch. ; Monongahela; 1815. 
 
 J. McElroy, 1816-24; J- Kerr, 1825-9; J. R. Kerr, 1830-43; J. F. Mc- 
 Laren, 1846-51; J. Ekin, 1854-7; J- Prestley, 185S-66; T. H. Hanna, 
 1^67-75 ; J. R. Kyle, 1876-9 ; A. H. Harshaw, 1881-3 ; D. S. Littell, 
 
 1886- 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 3d Ch. ; Monongahela; April 13, 1836. 
 
 J. t^kin, 1838-9; W. A. McKinney, 1840-40; J. L. Dinwiddie, 1843-4; 
 R. A. Browne, S. vS., 1844-5; J- G. Brown, 1846-72; vS. R. Frazier, 
 1872-9; J. T. McCrory, 1880- 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 4th Ch. [Bayardstown]; Monongahela; 1837. 
 
 M. Kerr, 1837-9 ; W. Burnett, 1840-1 ; Reorganized in 1849; V. Cockins, 
 1850-1 ; R. Gracey, 1853-67 ; J. M. Cockins, 1868-71 ; J. Gailey, 1872-7 ; 
 J. D. Turner, 1878- 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 5th Ch. ; Monongahela; 1859. 
 
 S. B. Reed, 1860-74; J. M. Johnston, 1874-8; J. M. Hervey, 1879-84; 
 T. W. Young, 1S84- 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 6th Ch. [East Liberty]; Monongahela; Sept. 
 30, 1856. 
 
 H. C. McFarland, 1858-65; J. S. Hawk, 1S65-9; R- B. Ewing, 1870- 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 7th Ch. [lyawrenceville] ; Monongahela; Feb. 
 12, i860. 
 
 W. H. Andrew, 1860-75; A. G. McCoy, 1876-8; J. D. Sands, 1880- 
 
 Pittsburgli, Pa., 8th Ch. ; Monongahela; June 21, 1868. 
 
 J. S. Sands, S. S., 1868-80; J. M. Wallace, 1882- 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 9tli Ch. [Binninghani]; Monongahela; 1841. 
 
 L. H. Long, 1848-9; G. K. Orniond, 1852-8; W. M. Coleman, 1859-75; 
 J. A. Gordon, 1S76-S1 ; A. E. Linn, 1882- 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., loth Ch. [Wylie Avenue]; Monongahela; 
 April 16; 1872. 
 
 W. H. Knox, 1873- 
 
 Pittsburgli, Pa., nth Ch. [Temperanceville]; Monongahela; 
 1847. 
 
l8o ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 L. H. Long, 1848-9; A. Calhoun, 1858-61 ; Supplies to 1868; G. A. B. 
 Robinson, 1869-72 ; G. K. Ormond, 1874-83; S. J. S. Moore, 1885- 
 
 Plain Grove, Lawrence Co., Pa.; Mercer; Oct. 19, 1859. 
 
 J. B. Whitten, 1861-72 ; J. C. Bigham, 1877- 
 
 Plaiuview, Holt Co., Neb.; Omaha; Oct. 20, 1883. 
 
 L. Proudht, S. S., 1884- 
 
 Platte Valley, Taylor Co., Iowa; College Springs; Dec. 15, 
 1873- 
 
 J. W. Johnston, 1878-83 ; J. W. Clelaud, 1883-7. 
 
 Pleasant Hill, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; Sept. 24, 1867. 
 R. Johnson, 1869-73 ; J. W. Martin, 1874-82 ; J. H. Nash, 1884- 
 
 Pleasant Lawn, Montgomery Co., Iowa; College Springs; 
 Dec. 15, 1885. 
 
 W. R. Cox, 1SS5-6. 
 
 Pleasant Ridge, Monroe Co., O. ; Wheeling; Sept., 1845. 
 
 J. McNeal, 1854-5 ; S. Ramsay, 1860-61 ; H. Parks, S. S., occasionally 
 for years; M. M. Pollock, 1877-83. 
 
 Pleasant Ridge, Texas Co., Mo.; Southern Illinois; Nov. 21, 
 1885. 
 N. A. Whitehill, 1886- 
 
 Pleasant Unity [Port Byron], Rock Island Co., 111.; Rock Is- 
 land; 1852. 
 \V. Dalzell, vS. vS., 1852-4; S. E. McKee, 1857-9; S. S. Ralston, 1S61-7; 
 R. S. Campbell, S. S., 1870-2; S. H. Weed, 1874-7; J. M. Moore, 
 S. S., 1879-81 ; J. A. Gehrett, 1883-4. 
 
 Pleasant Valley [Dutch Creek], Keokuk Co., Iowa; Keokuk; 
 1846. 
 
 J. T. Tate, 1854-70 and '75-84; J. Lackey, 1871-5 ; R. Hood, S. S., 
 1884-5. 
 
 Pleasant Valley, Marion Co., Kan.; Neosho; April 21, 1877. 
 J. Taylor, S. S., 1878-81 ; J. T. Wilson, S. S., 1882- 
 
 Pleasant Valley, Whitman Co., Wash. Ter. ; Oregon; May i, 
 
 1885. 
 J. Alter, S. S., 1885- 
 
 Pleasant Valley, Allen Co., Ind. ; Northern Indiana; May, 
 
 1885. 
 
 Plum Creek, Indiana Co., Pa.; Brookville; May 12, 1849. 
 S. Browne, 1853-65; S. Browne, S. S., 1871-8; J. Given, 1879- 
 
 Plumer, Venango Co., Pa.; Lake; March 18, 1870. 
 J. L. Robertson, 1870-4 ; J. L. Clark, 1876-83. 
 
 Plymouth, Lyon Co., Kan.; Neosho; July 31, 1869. 
 
 D. T. McAuley, S. S., 1870-3; J. Taylor, S. S., 1876-7; J. Barnett, S. S., 
 1878-81. 
 
 Poland, Mahoning Co., O. ; Cleveland; 1804. 
 
 J. Duncan, 1804-15; R. Douglass. 1820-3; D. Goodwillie, 1826-59; J; M. 
 Henderson, 1S59-65; T. W. Winter, 1866-72; W. T. McConnell, 1873- 
 82; H. H. Houston, 1885- [Church removed to Struthers 1885.] 
 
 Portersville, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; 1841. 
 
 W. Douthett, 1841-9; J.N. Smith, 1853-7; A. Irons, 1859-63; J. M. 
 Donaldson, 1S65-70; W. Galbraith, 1872-3; J. A. Clark, 1876- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. l8l 
 
 Port Huron, St. Clair Co., Mich.; Detroit; Aug. 19, 1868. 
 
 T. Bracken, 1869-72; T. W. Monteith, 1873-86; T. A. Scott, 1887- 
 
 Portland, Park Co., Ind. ; Princeton; April 29, 1859. 
 
 W. G. Spencer, 1865-77; J- K. Black, 1883- 
 
 Portland. Ore.; Oregon; April 24, 1884. 
 
 W. R. Stevenson, 1884- 
 
 Power, Crawford Co., Pa.; Lake; April 17, 1865. 
 
 D. Donuan, 1866- 
 
 Pratt Creek, Benton Co., Iowa; Cedar Rapids; 1865. 
 
 W. A. Pollock, 1865-72; J. T. Wilson, 1873-4; J. R. Doig, 1875-S1 ; D. 
 W. McLaue, 1883- 
 
 Pretty Prairie, Kingman Co., Kan,; Arkansas Valley; March 
 
 23, 1876. 
 
 E. C. Cooper, 1878-85. 
 
 Princeton, Ind.; Princeton; Ref. Pres., 1816; Asso., 1834; 
 Asso. Ref., 1835. 
 
 [Ref. Pres., and after 1870 United Presbyterian] J. Kell, 1820-38; G. Mc- 
 Master, 1840-6; J. McMaster, 1846-74; [Asso.] J. h. McLean, 1S39-43 ; 
 [Asso. Ref.] S. C. Baldridge, 1837-53; J. L. Craig, 1854-65; [United 
 Presbyterian after 1858;] S. F. Clark, 1S70-4; [consolidated 1874] ; W. 
 H. McMaster, 1874-82 ; J. A. Gordon, 1883- 
 
 Prospect, Butler Co. , Pa.; Butler; 1835. 
 
 W. Findley, 1837-56; J. A. Clark, 1859- 
 
 Prosperity, Randolph Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; May, 1867. 
 
 J. R. Finney, 1868-73; J- M. McKitrick, 1873-80; R. E. Wilkin, 1883- 
 
 Providence, R, I.; Boston; May, 1847. 
 
 J. Sanderson, 1849-53 ; A. Thomas' 1855-7 ; J- T. Robb, 1S60-73 ; M- S. 
 * McCord, 1874- 
 
 Puckety, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; 1795. 
 
 J. McConnell, 1811-33 ; J. G. Fulton, 1838-9; W. A. McKinney, 1840- 
 42; J. W. Duff, 1843-8; J. C. Bryson, 1850-4; J. Given, 1859-73, 
 M. M. Patterson, 1875-83 ; C. H. Marshall, 1885- 
 
 Pulaski [Crocker], Crawford Co., Mo.; Southern Illinois; 
 March 9, 1879. 
 
 N. A. Whitehill, 188 1-3. 
 
 Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; 1803. 
 
 J. Millar, 1819-26; A. Gordon, 1828-42; I. Law, 1847-61; T. Lawrence, 
 1862-7; S. Bigger, 1868-80; E. D. Campbell, 1S81-4; J. A. Reynolds, 
 
 1885- 
 
 Putnam, Fayette Co., Iowa; Le Claire; 1868. 
 D. Todd, S. S., 1868-71 ; A. McMillan, 1876-84. 
 
 Raccoon, Beaver Co., Pa.; Frankfort; 1823. 
 
 J. Prestley, 1837-40; J.J. Buchanan, 1842-4; R.Armstrong, 1847-52; 
 W. L. Wilson, 1859-62; J. W. Witherspoon, 1863-6; J.' P. Sharp 
 1870-83; H. W. Miller, 1884- 
 
 Rankin [Sugar Branch], Vermillion Co., 111.; Central Illi- 
 nois; Nov. 13, 1867. 
 
 J. D. Whitham, 1S67-70; J. T. Torrence, 1875-83. 
 
 Red House, St. Clair Co., Mich.; Detroit; 1868. 
 
 W. T. Rawson, S. S., 1868-70; W. Robertson, S. S., 1870-5, 
 
l82 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Red Oak, Montgomery Co., Iowa; College Springs; Nov. i, 
 1871. 
 N. E. Wade, S. S., 1871-2 ; S. W. Lorimer, 1876-7 ; W. R. Cox, 1880-6. 
 
 Reeseville, Greene Co., O. ; Xenia; 1867. 
 
 W. A. Robb, 1867-82. 
 
 Remington, Beaver Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; Aug. 29, 1870. 
 J. C. Evans, 1872-9; J. J. Imbrie, S. S., 1879-82; John Patterson, S. S., 
 1885- 
 Reynoldsburgli [Truro], Franklin Co., O. ; Xenia; 1817. 
 
 'S. McLean, 1827-8; D. Lindsay, 1834-7; R. Forrester, 1838-61; J. W. 
 McNary, 1863-72; J. M. McArthur, 1874-7; R. H. Park, 1878-84; 
 J. K. Martin, 1886- 
 
 Reynoldsville, Jefferson Co., Pa.; Brookville; 1872. 
 W. J. Cooper, 1878-S0. 
 
 Rich Hill, Armstrong Co., Pa.; Butler; 1810. 
 
 J.Dickie, 181 1-49; W.Smith, 1851-60; T. M. Seaton, 1863-70; J. L. 
 Grove, 1872-84. 
 
 Richland, Rush Co., Ind. ; Indiana; April, 1839. 
 
 J. N. Pressly, 1839-51 ; N. C. McDill, 1852- 
 
 Richland, Linn Co., Kan.; Garnett; Aug., 1863. 
 
 W. R. Erskine, S. S., 1872-3; J. A. Shannon, 1884- 
 
 Richmond [Yellow Creek], Jefferson Co., O. ; vSteubenville; 
 1803. 
 
 G. Buchanan, 1811-12; H. Parks, 1832-7; W. Lorimer, 183S-58; J. H. 
 Peacock, 1859-67; J. B. Borland, 1871-87. 
 
 Richmond, Wayne Co., Ind.; ist Ohio; April, 1830. 
 
 W. M. Boyse, 1833-53 ; A. Aten, 1858-66 ; N. E. Wade, 1866-9 ; J. W. 
 Clokey, 1870-2 ; E. C. Simpson, 1874-81 ; A. Gilchrist, 1882- 
 
 Richmond, Indiana Co., Pa.; Brookville; April 13, 1875. 
 
 J. Given, 1876- 
 
 Richmond, Franklin Co., Kan.; Garnett; June 18, 1884. 
 
 S. W. Gilkey, 1884-5. 
 
 Ridge, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; Sept. i, 1846. 
 
 J. McGill, 1846-8; T.Brown, 1850-9; J. C. Brownlee, 1854-5; S. C. 
 Reid, 1856-9; J. Patterson, 1861-7 ; W. C. Somers, 1869-74; J. T. 
 Campbell, 1875- 
 
 Robinson [part of Montours], Washington Co., Pa.; Frank- 
 fort; Sept. 1833. 
 
 W. Wilson, 1833-42; J. Scott, 1843-5; J. G. Rankin, 1849-68; W. R. 
 McKee, 1869- 
 
 Robinson's Run, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; 1790. 
 
 J. Riddell, 1794-1829; M.Kerr, 1834-5; W.Burnett, 1836-8; J. Grier, 
 1839-78; J. W. English, 1879- 
 
 Rochester, N. Y. ; Caledonia; 1848. 
 
 J. Van Eaton, 1849-53 ; W. T. McAdam, 1854-7 ; T. F. Boyd, 1857-62 ; 
 J. P. Sankey, 1864- 
 
 Rock Island, 111.; Rock Island; July 4, 1854. 
 
 J. R. McCalister, S. S., 1854-60; W. H. Jeffers, i86a-i ; H. Wallace, 
 1863-71 ; J. A. Reynolds, 1872-85 ; J. H. Brown, 1885- 
 
 Rock Prairie, Rock Co., Wis.; Wisconsin; March 5, 1867. 
 
 R. G. Wallace, 1867-73 ; D. McLachlau, 1875-86. 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 183 
 
 Rock Run, Stephenson Co., 111.; Chicago; Sept., 1846. 
 
 N.H.Brown, 1864-5; A. vSmith, 1866-9; T.E.Turner, S. S., 1875-7; 
 J. G. Stewart, 1884-7. 
 
 Rock Valley, Sioux Co., Iowa; College Spring.s; Aug. 12, 
 1883. 
 
 W. J. Graham, 1883-4 ; C. h. McCracken, 1887- 
 
 Rocky Spring, Beaver Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; 1827. 
 
 M. Kerr, 1828-30; T. L. Speer, 1840-3; S. Patterson, 1S49- 
 
 Romine Prairie, Marion Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; 1870. 
 
 J. W. Long, 1876- 
 
 Rome, Adams Co., O. ; Chillicotlie; July, 1862. 
 
 By supplies. 
 
 Rome, Fairbault Co., Minn.; Minnesota; Oct. 28, 1871. 
 
 E. A. Brownlee, 1872- 
 
 Rometown, Erie Co., Pa.; Lake; Dec, 1878. 
 
 H. H. McMaster, S. S., 1878-81. 
 
 Roney's Point, Ohio Co., W. Va. ; Wheeling; 1871. 
 
 M. M. Marling, 1871-85. 
 
 Roseville, Placer Co., Cal. ; San Francisco; Jan. 30, 1873. 
 
 D. Morrow, S. vS., 1873-6; J. H. Niblock, S. S., 1877-8; D. S. McHenry, 
 S. S., 1880-1 ; G. T. Scott, S. S., 1885-6. 
 
 Rush Creek, Fairfield Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1803. 
 
 A. Craig, 1808-25; B. Waddle, 1829-36; E. B. Calderhead, 1841-61 ; J. H. 
 Buchanan, 1862-4; R. H. Boyd, 1875-82; R. S. McClenahan, 1883-6. 
 
 Rushsylvania, Logan Co., O., Sidney; Dec. 21, 1875. 
 A. Smith, S. S., 1875-6; J. W. Kerr, 1880-5. 
 
 Rushville, Rush Co., Ind. ; Indiana; Oct. i, 1879. 
 
 A. P. Hutchison, 1881-5 ; S. R. Frazier, 1886-6; N. L. Heidger, 1887- 
 
 Ryegate, Caledonia Co., Vt. ; Vermont; 1790. 
 
 D. Goodwillie, 1790-1822 ; T. Ferrier, 1822-5 ; W. Pringle, 1830-52 ; G. M. 
 Wiley, 1863-7; W. Bruce, 1868-70; H. Brown, S. S., 1870-2; A. Y. 
 Houston, 1873-5; J. B. Clapperton, 1876-81; D. Harris, 1886- 
 
 St. Charles, Madison Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Feb. 19, 1855. 
 
 A. J. Graham, 1869-72 ; G. P. Raitt, 1874-84 ; W. R. Baldridge, 1887- 
 
 St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; 1804. 
 
 J. Kerr, 1804-25 ; J. Dickey, 1830-9 ; A. H. Wright, 1842-6 ; J. Clokey, 
 1848-55; J- C. Boyd, 1858- 
 
 St. Clairsville, Belmont Co., O. ; Wheeling; 1830. 
 
 H. Parks, 1832-40 ; A. Young, 1842-57 ; J. B. Johnston, 1859-74 ; T. Balph, 
 1875- 
 St. Louis, Mo., ist Church; Southern Illinois; March, 1840. 
 
 J. B. Scouller, S. S., 1842-3; H. H. Johnston, 1844-7; T. M. Cunning- 
 ham, 1853-7; J. McLean, 1857-62; J. G. Armstrong, 1863-9; H. W. 
 Crabbe, 1869-72; J. A. Wilson, 1876-86; D. C. Stewart, 1887- 
 
 St. Louis, Grand Avenue; Southern Illinois; Oct. 22, 1883. 
 
 T. C. McKelvey, S. S., 1883-5; D. Livingston, S. S., 1885- 
 
 Salem, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; July 23, 1751. 
 
 Organized in Ireland and came to Salem 1766; T. Clark, 1751-82; J. 
 Proudfit, 1783-1802; A. Proudfit, 1795-1835; J. Lillie, 1836-7; E. 
 Halley, 1838-48; T. T. Farrington, 1850-7; J. C. Forsyth, '1858-70; 
 W. A. Mackenzie, 187 1- 
 
184 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Salem, Boone Co,, Ind. ; Northern Indiana; 1837. 
 
 J. H. Bonner, 1841-4; J. D. Glenn. 1854-8; J. R. BeH, 1861-70; J. D. 
 Glenn, 1870-4 ; J. McCrea, 1876-9 ; C. Murch, 1882-3 ; S. H. McDill, 
 1887- 
 
 Salinas, Monterey Co., Cal. ; San Francisco; Dec, 1869. 
 
 W. H. Wilson, 1869-72 ; G. McCormick, 1873- 
 
 Salineville [North Branch of Yellow Creek], Columbiana Co. , 
 O. ; Stenbenville; 1837. 
 
 J. Donaldson, 8. S., 1839-44; W. H. Jamison, 1S46-54 ; J. Golden, 1857- 
 60; J. Boyd, 1861-8; S. M. Coon, 1871-82; W.J. Graham, 1884-6; 
 G. B. Smith, 1887- 
 
 Saltsburg, Indiana Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Sept., 1827. 
 
 Supplies; O. Katz, 1861-86. 
 
 Salt Creek, Muskingum Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1836. 
 B. Waddle, 1836-49; J. Comin, 1851-87. 
 
 Sandy [Sandy Creek], Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; 1841. 
 
 H. H. Thompson, 1847-55 ; J- Burrows, 1858-60; L. I. Crawford, 1870-4; 
 N. Winegart, 1878-85. 
 
 Sandy Lake [Rocky Spring], Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; 1810. 
 J. Walker, 1811-14; I. Beggs, 1823-36; E. Small, 1839-61 ; J. A. Bailey, 
 1863-7; L. L Crawford, 1870-9; J. C. Herron, 1884- 
 
 San Francisco, Cal., ist Church; San Francisco; Jan. 7, 1866. 
 
 J. T. Cooper, S. S., 1865-6; M. M. Gibson, 1867- 
 
 San Francisco, Cal., 2d Ch. ; San Francisco; May 18, 1883. 
 T. B. Stewart, 1883- 
 
 San Jose, Santa Clara Co., Cal. ; San Francisco; Nov. 6, 1874. 
 
 A. Calhoun, 1874- 
 
 Santa Ana, Los Angeles Co., Cal.; San Francisco; Dec. 26, 
 
 1876. 
 D. S. McHenry, S. S., 1876-8; T. J. C. Webster, 1879- 
 
 Savannah [Vermillion], Ashland Co., O. ; Mansfield; Sept. 
 
 1831. 
 
 (Asso. Ref., J. Arbuthnot, 1832-39; A. Miller, 1842-4; J. Andrews, 1844- 
 
 51). (Asso. 1837; J. Ashenhust, 1856-9;) W.Bruce, S. S., 1861-2 ; R. 
 
 Stewart, S. S., 1865-6; S. M. Coon, S. S., 1866-71; W. F. Miller, 
 
 1872-82 ; J. A. Sherrard, 1883-4; J. Stevenson, 1885- 
 
 Savanna, Carroll Co., 111.; Chicago; Ap. 1887. 
 Scioto, Jackson Co., O. ; Chillicothe; Sept. 28, 1848. 
 
 T. Mercer, 1871-3; J. B. Gowdy, S. S., 1882- 
 
 Scottdale, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; July 22, 
 
 1875- 
 
 J. A. Nelson, until organization; Supplies; R. B. Taggart, 1879-81; 
 J. M. Moore, 1885- 
 
 Scotch Grove, Jones Co., Iowa; Le Claire; 1856, 
 
 A. J. Allen, 1857-64; W. D. Ralston, 1865-84; G. W. Morrison, 1887-7. 
 
 Scotch Hill [Wolf Creek], Mercer Co., Pa.; Butler; 1837. 
 
 J. Green, 1837-46; W. C. Pollock, S. S., 1855-60; D. Forsyth, 1860-7; 
 W. Cooke, 1873-80; J. J. Imbrie, 1883-7. 
 
 Scotch Ridge, Wood Co., O. ; Sidney; 1842. 
 
 J. Miller, S. S., 1843-7; J. Duff, 1851-69; S. C. Hubbell, 1871-7; J. T. 
 Caldwell, 1880- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 185 
 
 Scotch Valley, Pawnee Co., Neb.; Pawnee; 1872. 
 
 J. R. McCready, 1873-80. 
 
 Scotland [Ruhamah], Greene Co., Ind. ; Princeton; 1847. 
 
 J. Ingles, 1858- 
 
 Scroggsfield, Carroll Co., O. ; Stenbenville; 1818. 
 
 J.Donaldson, 1823-34; J. Patterson, 1837-54; J. S. Easton, 1855-66; 
 W. R. Erskine, 1867-70; W. C. Dunn, 1871- 
 
 Service, Monroe Co., Iowa; Des Moines; 1857. 
 
 J. Hadden, 1866-9; S. C. Marshall, 1870-7; J. Pattison, 1880-4; J- Boyd, 
 
 1887- 
 
 Service [Mill Creek], Beaver Co., Pa.; Frankfort; about 1790. 
 
 J. Anderson, 1792-1830; W. M. McElwee, 1833-51; D. W. Carson, 
 1852-77; J. C. Roe, 1879-83; W. J. Golden, 1885- 
 
 Sewickley, Westmoreland Co. , Pa. ; Westmoreland. 
 
 A society was formed 1780, but after a few years was discontinued ; 
 organized 1805 ; M. Dick, 1806-36 ; R. Gailey, 1839-49 ; D. H. Pollock, 
 1854-60; W. Iv. McConnell, 1860-5; J. D. Walkinshaw, 1865-9; W. R. 
 Stevenson, 1872-81; J. A. Lawrence, 1884-6; D. M. Thorn, 1887- 
 
 Sewickley, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; May 3, 1864. 
 
 W. A. Mackenzie, 1865-71; D. S. Kennedy, 1872-8; W. L. Wallace, 
 1879-86. 
 
 Sharon, Wells Co., Ind.; Northern Indiana; 1842. 
 
 S. C. Baldridge, 1863-6 ; Supplies ; A. K. Strane, 1881-5. 
 
 Sharon, Mercer Co., Pa.; Mercer; 1858. 
 
 B. K. Ormond, 1858-80; J. A. Bailey, 1883- 
 
 Shavertown, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Aug. 11, 1886. 
 Shelocta, Armstrong Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; Nov. i, 1856. 
 B. Porter, 1856-76; J. B. Jackson, 1877- 
 
 Shenango, Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; 1800. 
 
 D. McLean, 1800-55; J- A. Collins, 1858-63; J. B. Waddell, 1866-71; 
 J. Armstrong, 1875-7 ; D. F. Dickson, 1880-3 ; J- C. Herron, 1884- 
 
 Shenango, Beaver Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; 1801. 
 
 J. Galloway, 1811-18; J. L. Dinwiddie, 1820-34; J. M. Galloway, 
 1837-8 ; T. Mehard, 1841-5 ; R. A. Browne, 1846-59 ; W. Findlay, 
 1859-66; R. T. McCrea, 1869-74; A. Y. Houston, S. S., 1876-9; 
 J. J. Inibrie, S. S., 1879-82. 
 
 Shiloh, Henry Co., Ind.; Indiana; Sept. 16, 1832. 
 
 J. N. Pressly, 1838-40; W. Lind, 1841-6; S. Millen, 1847-9; R- E. Stew- 
 art, 1850-5; J. F. Hutchison, 1857-66; H. W. Crabbe, 1868-9; T. P. 
 Dysart, 1869-73; S. M. Bailey, 1877-81; J. A. Pollock, 1882-86. 
 
 Shiloh, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; April 12, 1864. 
 
 W. R. Hutchison, 1864-73; J- M. Imbrie, 1875-8; S. B. Stewart, 1882- 
 
 Shushan, see East Salem. 
 
 Sialkot, Punjab, India; Sialkot; Dec. 26, 1856. 
 
 Sidney, Shelby Co., O. ; Sidney; Oct., 1829. 
 
 J. Reynolds, S. S., 1829-31; J. C. Porter, S. S., 1834-36; S. Sturgeon,, 
 1S37-40; C. T. McCaughan, 1841-57; J. G. Armstrong, 1859-63; M. M. 
 Gibson, 1S64-7 ; J. W. Bain, 1867-8; J. A. Bailey, 1869-76; R. J. 
 Miller, 1878-80 ; J. T. Wilson, 1881-2 ; J. P. Sharp, 1883- 
 
 Silver Creek, Hardin Co., O. ; Sidney; Oct. 20, 1881. 
 J. A. Henderson, S. S., 1881-3; J. E. Kerr, 1885- 
 
 13 
 
l86 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Sinnoris; Egypt; March 25, 1873. 
 
 Slippery Rock [The Mouth of Wolf Creek], Butler Co., Pa.; 
 Butler; 1809. 
 
 A.Murray, 1811-46; J. D. Wolf, 1848-55; A. R. Rankin, 1857-61; 
 N. E. Brown, 1866-86 ; M. B. Patterson, 1887- 
 
 Smith's Creek [Smyrna], Warren Co., 111.; Monmouth; 1854. 
 S. Millen, 1856-69; R. E. Wilkin, 1875-82; E. F. Reid, S. S., 1882- 
 
 Smyrna, Indiana Co., Pa.; Brookville; 1845. 
 
 S. Brown, 1853-65 ; D. W. McLane, 1871-5 ; D. H. Blair, 1877-83. 
 
 Somerville, Gibson Co., Ind. ; Princeton; June 2, i860. 
 
 R. Gray, S. S., 1862, and pastor until 1866; J. McCrea, 1868-73; W. G. 
 Spencer, S. S., 1877-82; A. S. Montgomery, S. S., 1884- 
 
 Somonauk, DeKalb Co., 111.; Chicago; March 18, 1846. 
 
 R. W. French, 1848-60; W. T. Moffett, 1861-77; D- S. Kennedy, 1878- 
 
 South Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; Aug. 17, 1785. 
 
 T. Beveridge, 1789-98; R. Laing, 1805-11 ; P. Bullions, 1818-25; J. P. 
 Miller, 1829-51; J. Thompson, 1852-3; J. A. Du£f, 1857-60; J. H. 
 Andrew, 1864-74; A. W. Morris, 1875- 
 
 South Buffalo, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; 1811. 
 
 D. French, 1811-52; J. G. Carson, 1856-67; A. McLachlan, 1873- 
 
 Southfield, Oakland Co., Mich.; Detroit; April 16, 1850. 
 
 J. M. Smeallie, 1852-60; W. Robertson, 1861-8 ; R. M. Patterson, 1868- 
 70; J. P. Gibson, 1874-84; J. A. Sherrard, 1885- 
 
 South Henderson, Henderson Co., 111.; Monmouth; 1835. 
 
 J. L. Freetly, 1842-6; R. Ross, 1849-57; J. A. P. McGaw, 1858-67; 
 S. W. Lorimer, 1868-75 ; A. Renwick, 1876- 
 
 Sparta, Randolph Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; 1836. 
 
 W. M. Graham, 1844-7; D- MacDill, 1849-56; J. F. Stewart, 1857-70; 
 W. J. Gillespie, 1870-7; J. W. McNary, 1878-85; H. R. McClelland, 
 1886- 
 Spring Creek, Christian Co., 111.; Central Illinois; 1853. 
 
 N. H. Brown, 1865-9; J- V. Pringle, S. S., 1874-7; I- A. Wilson, S. S., 
 1878-85. 
 Springdale, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; Nov. 4, 1873. 
 W. G. Reed, 1875- 
 
 Springfield, Mercer Co., Pa.; Butler; 1810. 
 
 J. Walker, 1811-14; I. Beggs, 1827-36; E. Small, 1839-61; S. C. Reid, 
 1865-78 ; W. B. Barr, 1879-85 ; J. P. Davis, 1886- 
 
 Springfield, Clarke Co., O. ; Xenia; about 1816. 
 
 J.Steele, 1817-36; J. F. Sawyer, 1837-48; R. W. Henry, 1850-3; J. 
 Clokey, 1855-75 ; J. Kyle, 1877- 
 
 Springfield, Randolph Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; 1812. 
 
 J. Reynolds, 1826-9; S. C Baldridge, 1830-6; J. McAuley, 1839-47; 
 M. M. Brown, 1849-54; J. W. Glenn, 1855-66; J. Todd, 1870-2; S. B. 
 Moore, 1873-83. 
 
 Spring Hill [New Zion], Decatur Co., Ind. ; Indiana; July 30, 
 
 1825. 
 
 J. Worth, 1830-52; J. R. Walker, 1852-67; S. A. Taggart, 1868-68; W. 
 Johnston, 1871-6; W. M. Richie, 1877-9; A. S. Vincent, 1880- 
 
 Stamford, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Dec, 1792. 
 
 W. McAuley, 1795-1809; R.Forrest, 1810-43; J- D. Gibson, 1845-86; 
 F. B. Murch, 1887- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 1 87 
 
 Stamford, Ontario, Can.; Stamford; 1824. 
 
 J. Russell, 1826-54; D- H. Goodwillie, 1855-61; J. McGill, 1863-73; R. 
 Acheson, 1874- 
 
 Stanwood [Fremont], Cedar Co., Iowa; Le Claire; 1868. 
 
 J. S. Buchanan, 1868-70; W. Lorimer, 1870-2; D. Forsyth, 1873-7; 
 T. H. Brown, 1880-84 ; W. F. Johnston, 1885- 
 
 Sterling, Rice Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; May 27, 1877. 
 
 R. J. Thompson, 1882-4 ; A. J. Hanna, 1885- 
 
 Sterling, Burleigh Co., Dak.; Omaha; June 15, 1884. 
 G. W. Hamilton, S. S., 1886- 
 
 Sterling Valley, Cayuga Co., N. Y. ; Caledonia; 1820. 
 
 D. Currie, 1826-42, 1846-53; J. Edgar, 1859-74; R. H. Hume, 1876-82; 
 A. W. Lytle, 1884- 
 
 Steubenville, O. ; Steubenville; 1805. 
 
 G. Buchanan, 181 1-55; J. K. Andrews, 1856-63; J. W. Clokey, 1864-8; 
 T. J. Kennedy, 1870-3 ; S. J. Stewart 1874-7 ; W. S. Owens, 1877-86 ; 
 W. R. Harshaw, 1887- 
 
 Stewart's Station, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; 
 Jan. 5, 1869. 
 
 D. A. Duff, 1871-9; A. D. McCarrell, 1881- 
 
 Stone Valley, Huntingdon Co., Pa. ; Big Spring; 1801. 
 T. Smith, 181 1-25; J. S. Easton, 1836-55; J. M. Adair, 1859- 
 
 Stowe, Summit Co., O. ; Cleveland; Sept. 15, 1833, 
 
 J. W. Logue, 1843-83; J. T. Torrence, 1859-60; W.Wallace, 1885-87. 
 
 Suft, Egypt; 1879. 
 
 Sugar Creek, Greene Co., Ohio; Xenia; Asso., Sept. 2, 1804; 
 Asso. Ref , 1845. 
 
 [Asso.] R. Armstrong, 1804-11; F. Pringle, 1814-18 ; T. Beveridge, 
 1821-4; J. Templeton, 1830-8; G. M. Hall, 1839-45; C. Cummins, 
 1846-53; [Asso. Ref.] H. H. Johnston, 1848-51; R. W. Henry, 
 1853-5; R. E. Stewart, 1856-60; consolidated, i860; J. B. McMichael, 
 1862-78 ; W. S. McClure, 1881- 
 
 Sugar Grove, Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; June, 1870. 
 
 J. Burrows, 1870-86. 
 
 Sugar Run, Union Co., O. ; Sidney; 1841. 
 
 R. Forrester, S. S., 1841-3; I. N. Laughead, 1843-64; J. W. Taylor, 
 1865-7 ; J- Gilmore, 1871-4; D. M. Gordon, 1875-8 ; E. E. Cleland, 1878- 
 
 Summerset, Warren Co., Iowa; Des Moines; 1853.' 
 
 T. P. Dysart, 1863-7 ; J- Boyd, 1869-77 ; T. B. McKee, 1881-7. 
 
 Summit, Mercer Co., Pa.; Lake; Jan. 14, 1874. 
 
 S. M. Black, 1875-7 ; A. S. Abbey, 1879-85. 
 
 Sunbeam [Pope Creek], Mercer Co., 111.; Rock Island; 1852. 
 
 M. Bigger, 1854-60; J. H. Nash, 1861-76; D. F. Mustard, 1877-84. 
 
 Sunbury, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; Jan. 19, 1842. 
 
 W. p. Breaden, 1845-80; R. C. Dodds, 1883-85. 
 
 Sunny Dale, Sedgwick Co., Kan.; Arkansas Valley; May 17, 
 
 1877. 
 W. C. Somers, 1877-83 ; H. T. Ferguson, 1884- 
 
 Superior, Nuckolls Co., Neb.; Pawnee; Oct. 29, 1884. 
 
 J. McCrea, 1886- 
 
1 88 AI.PHABETICAI. LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Susquehanna, Indiana Co., Pa.; Brookville; Pres., 1844; 
 became Asso., 1854. 
 [Pres.] D. Mills, 1844-51 ; [Asso.] J. L. Purdy, 1854-9; J- Given, 1876- 
 
 Sutton, Worcester Co., Mass; Boston; 1856. 
 
 J. Williamsou, 1S56-64; P. Y. Smith, 1866-85; W. Galbraith, 1886- 
 
 Sycamore [Mill Creek], Warren Co., O. ; ist Ohio; 1798. 
 
 J. Warwick, 1799-1800 ; J. Graham, 1830-4; P. Monfort, 1836-46 ; H. Allen, 
 1847-55 ; R- K. Campbell, 1856-65 ; H. Y. Leiper, 1867-9 ; J- H. Elliott, 
 1870-80; S. A. Buck, 1880-3; R- S. McClenahan, 1887- 
 
 Talleycavey, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; July 13, 1868. 
 
 Supplies, 1868-78; D. R. Imbrie, 1878-84; R. H. Park, 1885- 
 
 Tarentum, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; 1835. 
 
 J. G. Fulton, 1838-9; J. Gilmore, 1842-56; J. H. Timmons, 1860-84; 
 D. R. McDonald, 1885- 
 
 Tarkio, Atchison Co., Mo.; College Springs; June, 1881. 
 
 R. H. Barnes, 1882-5 ; W. P. McNary, 1886- 
 
 Taylorstown, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; Aug. 2, 1872. 
 
 J. Morrow, 1873-83 ; T. P. Proudfit, 1884- 
 
 Telfer, Ontario, Can.; Stamford; 1830. 
 
 J. B. Wilson, 1855-67 ; J. Weir, 1869-73; J. C. Herron, 1879-83. 
 
 Thompsonville, Hartford Co., Conn.; New York; Dec. 22, 
 
 1845- 
 P. Gordon, 1847-52; J. McLaughlan, 1854-8; J. M. Heron, 1858-61 ; G. 
 M. Hall, 1868-71 ; C. L. McCracken, 1873-84; R. N. Hammond, 1885- 
 
 Thornville, Perry Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1829. 
 
 B. Waddle, 1829-36; E. B. Calderhead, 1841-61 ; J. H. Buchanan, 
 1862-4; R. H. Boyd, 1875-82; R. S. McClenahan, 1883-6. 
 
 Tingley, Union Co., Iowa; College Springs; July 12, 1883. 
 Tionesta, Forrest Co., Pa.; Brookville; Jan. 26, 1884. 
 Tippecanoe, Harrison Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1876. 
 
 J. W. Taylor, 1876-85. 
 
 Topeka, Kan.; Kansas; Dec. 17, 1870. 
 
 J. T. Wilson, S. S., 1870-2; yearly Supplies, 1872-9; W. E. Dunlap, 
 S. S., 1879-82 ; M. F. McKirahan, S. S., 1882-6, pastor, 1886- 
 
 Toronto [vSloan's Station], Jefferson Co., O. ; Steubenville; 
 March 12, 1870. 
 J. H. Leiper, 1874-6; J. Buchanan, S. S., 1880- 
 
 Traer, Tama Co., Iowa; Cedar Rapids; Feb. 25, 1875. 
 D. Livingston, 1876-85; J. M. Henderson, 1886- 
 
 Tranquillity [West Fork], Adams Co., O. ; Chillicothe; 1807. 
 
 W. Baldridge, 1809-30; R. Stewart, 1832-S; J. Graham, 1841-9; M. 
 Morrison, 1850-6; J. Gilmore, 1S57-71 ; T. Stewart, 1871-8; W. Wal- 
 lace, 1879-81 ; J. A. Renwick, 1882-87. 
 
 Troy, N. Y. ; Albany; 1834. 
 
 p. Bullions, 1834-64; H. P. McAdam, 1865-71; R. D.Williamson, 1872- 
 
 Troy, Oakland Co., Mich.; Detroit; April 18, 1850. 
 
 J. M. Smeallie, 1852-60; W. Robertson, 1S61-8; R. M. Patterson, 1868- 
 70; J. P. Gibson, 1874-84; J. A. Sherrard, 1885- 
 
 Tumlinson's Run, Beaver Co., Pa. ; Frankfort; March 18, 1834. 
 
 J. McCarroU, 1837-54; M. Ormond, 1859-67; A. I. Young, 1869-72; 
 J. P. Davis, 1872-4; S. C. Reid, 1879-82; W. H. Lytle, 1884-7. 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. 1 89 
 
 Turtle Creek, Allegheny Co., Pa. ; Westmoreland; June, 1829. 
 
 M.Dick, 1829-35; J.Osborne, 1836-51; J. G. Fulton, 1852-9; D. H. 
 Pollock, 1860-9; S. A. Taggart, 1870-1 ; A. I. Young, 1872-85; R. A. 
 Gilfillan, 18S6- 
 
 Tuscarara, Juniata Co., Pa.; Big Spring; 1800. 
 
 T. Smith, 1801-32; J. vShields, 1835-62; J. McKee, assistant and S. S., 
 1858-64 ; J. A. McGill, 1865-85 ; J. B. Work, 1886- 
 
 Ulysses, Butler Co., Neb.; Omaha; Dec. i, 1883. 
 Union [Lower Robinson's Run], Allegheny Co., Pa. ; Monon- 
 gahela; 1794. 
 J. Riddell, 1794-1816; M. Kerr, 1819-28; A. S. Fulton, 1833-9; J- Ekin, 
 1839-53; W. McMillan, 1855-7; ^- Marks, 1860-7; J- D. Turner, 
 1868-74; J- A. Douthett, 1876- 
 
 Union, Butler Co., Pa., Butler; 1806. 
 
 [Ref. Pres.] M. Williams, 1808-25; T. C. Guthrie, 1826-45; A. Walker, 
 1851-4; [U. P.] R. M. Patterson, 1861-7 ; R. G. Young, 1871-5; R. P. 
 McClester, 1880- 
 
 Union, Randolph Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; 1828. 
 
 J. Reynolds, 1828-9; S. C. Baldridge, 1830-6; J. McAuley, 1839-43; W. 
 M. Graham, 1844-7; D. MacDill, 1849-56; J. F. vStewart, 1857-60; H. 
 Allen, 1860-5; M. M. Marling, 1865-70; T. P. Proudfit, 1872-83; W. 
 J. Gillespie, 1884-6. 
 
 Union, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; Aug. 7, 1858. 
 
 J. D. Walkinshaw, 1860-5 ; S. B. McBride, 1870-7 ; R. A. Jamison, 1878- 
 
 Union, Madison Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Sept. 4, 1869. 
 
 C. T. McCaughan, 1869-75 ; J. Sawhill, 1877- 
 
 Union, Lincoln Co., Tenn. ; Tennessee; Jan. 9, 1886. 
 
 J. A. Myers, S. S., 1886- 
 
 Uniontown [Upper Wheeling], Belmont Co., O. ; Wheeling; 
 1805. 
 
 A. Calderhead, 1808-13; W. Taggart, 1814-55; D- F- Reid, 1857-64; 
 [Asso. Ref. vSynod, W. S. Moffatt, 1869-81;] R. G. Campbell, 1870-81; 
 J. C. Scouller, 1883- 
 
 Unionville [Darby], Union Co., O. ; Sidney; 1826. 
 
 J. Wallace, 18-52-9; I. N. Laughead, 1843-64; J. W. Taylor, 1865-7; 
 J. Gilmore, 1871-4; D. M. Gordon, 1875-8; E. E. Cleland, 1878- 
 
 Unity, Harrison Co., O. ; Wheeling; 1815. 
 
 J. Walker, 1815-45; W. Wishart, 1847-68; W. G. Waddle, 1869- 
 
 Unity, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; April 2, 1833. 
 W. Conner, 1837-49 ; J. Kelso, 1852-72 ; E. Z. Thomas, 1873- 
 
 Unity, Adams Co., O. ; Chillicothe; 1846. 
 
 J. Arbuthnot, 1854-66; J.Stewart, 1867-71; J. P. Finney, 1871-6; E. 
 McKee, 1877-85 ; J. K. Montgomery, 1887- 
 
 Unity, Butler Co., O. ; ist Ohio; 1849. 
 
 P. Monfort, 1850-9 ; J. Welsh, 1860-2 ; J. I,. Aten, 1864-75 ; R. C. Fin- 
 ney, 1878-87. 
 Unity, Mahaska Co. Iowa; Des Moines; Dec. 2, 1867. 
 
 W. Gilbraith, 1869-70 ; J. Gilmore, 1876-82 ; J. C. Calhoun, S. S., 1884-5 ; 
 A. R. Munford, 1886- 
 
 Unity, Tama Co., la.; Cedar Rapids; 1887. 
 Utica, Licking Co., O. ; Mansfield; about 1849. 
 
 J. H. Peacock, 1850-8; G. W. Torrence, S. S., 1861-3; T. P. Dysart, 
 1875-9 ; J- Gailey, 1881-5. 
 
190 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Utica, Venango Co., Pa.; Lake; March 18, 1859. 
 
 A. H. Caldwell, 1865-7; L. I. Crawford, 1870-3; N. Winegart, 1878-85. 
 
 Utica, Seward Co., Neb.; Omaha; June 16, 1884. 
 
 Valley Center, Sedgwick Co. , Kan. ; Arkansas Valley ; Dec. 
 3, 1885. 
 
 Valley Falls [Grasshopper Falls], Jefferson Co., Kan.; Kan- 
 sas; 1866. 
 
 D. Forsyth, 1869-73 ; J. Alter, 1877-84. 
 
 Venice [Miller's Run], Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; 
 Asso., 1849; Asso. Ref., 1853. 
 
 [Asso.] A. Anderson and T. Beveridge, S. S., 1850-5; [Asso. Ref.] J. L. 
 Fairley, 1853-5 ; consolidated, 1858 ; A. R. Anderson, 1860- 
 
 Vermillion, Marshall Co., Kan.; Pawnee; May, 1883. 
 
 M. Morrison, 1883- 
 
 Vernon, Waukesha Co., Wis.; Wisconsin; Sept. 6, 1847. 
 
 G. W. Gowdy, 1850-4; S. M. Coon, 1855-62; J. Lackey, 1866-70; J. 
 Dodds, 1872-8; J. B. Galloway, 1881- 
 
 Verona [Valley Church], Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; 
 
 1857- 
 H. K. Lusk, S. S., 1858-61 ; R. H. Boyd, 1864-9; J- D. Irons, 1873-87. 
 
 Victoria, Adams Co., Iowa; College Springs; March, 1879. 
 
 _ J. Taylor, 8. S., 1884- 
 
 Vienna, Rush Co., Ind. ; Indiana; Sept. 11, 1847. 
 
 R. E. Stewart, 1850-5; J. F. Hutchison, 1857-9; J- I- Frazer, 1861-5 ; A. 
 Aten, 1866-70; A. R. Rankin, 1873-6; J. F. Hutchison, 1876- 
 
 Viola [Twin Grove], Mercer Co., 111.; Rock Island; 1855. 
 
 D. C. Cochran, 1857-62 ; J. R. McCalister, 1862-7 ; J- M. Wallace, 1868- 
 70; W. S. McClanahan, 1871-87. 
 
 Viola, Chase Co., Neb.; Pawnee; April 12, 1887. 
 
 Volga, Clayton Co., la.; Le Claire; March 30, 1880. 
 
 S. p. Montgomery, 1886- 
 
 Wahoo, Saunders Co., Neb.; Omaha; 1881. 
 
 J. H. Morrow, 1882-7. 
 
 Waitsburgh, Walla Walla Co., Wash. Ter. ; Oregon; June 25, 
 
 1885. 
 Walton [Morrisdale], Ontario, Can.; Stamford; Mav 8, i860. 
 
 J. L. Robertson, 18668; D. Mann, 1871-6; W. H. Reid, i88'o-3. 
 
 Walton, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Oct. 25, 1865. 
 
 N. K. Crowe, 1868-72; S. W. Meek, 1873-6; W. M. Howie, 1878- 
 
 Walton, Harvey Co., Kan.; Neosho; April 24, 1874. 
 
 C. Riddle, 1879-81 ; J. T. Wilson, 1882-6 ; D. F. Mustard, 1887- 
 
 Wampum, Lawrence Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; Oct. 8, 1875. 
 J. J. Imbrie, S. S., 1876-9; A. Y. Houston, S. S., 1880-2; J. B. Whitten, 
 
 1S83-5. 
 
 Warm Springs, Crook Co., Ore.; July 19, 1864. [Composed 
 of Warm Spring Indians.] 
 
 R. W. McBride, 1S84- 
 
 Warren, Huntington Co., Ind.; Northern Indiana; 1847. 
 
 D. Morrow, 1857-63; A. Mayn, S. S., 1868-71; R. Gray, 1873-9; J- Mc- 
 Crea, S. S., 1879- 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. I91 
 
 Warrensbnrg, Johnson Co., Mo.; Western Missouri; 1867. 
 
 S. Jamison, 1868-70; J. C. Steele, 1S72-6; J. Taylor, S. S., 1880-2. 
 
 Washington, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; Asso. Ref., 
 1820; Asso., 1816. 
 [Asso. Ref.] J. Graham, 1820-9; merged in the Asso. before 1858 ; [Asso.] 
 D. Carson, 1834-4; T. Beveridge, 1836-50; T. Hanna, 1850-62; J. R. 
 Johnston, 1863- 
 
 Washington, Guernsey Co., O. ; Muskingum; 1824. 
 
 S. Findley, 1824-36; A. Miller, 1838-40; H. Forsyth, 1842-52; W.John- 
 ston, 1856-66; S. M. Hutchison, 1867-74; I- N. White, 1875- 
 
 Washington, Washington Co., Iowa, ist Church; Keokuk; 
 Oct. 14, 1841. 
 
 G. C. Vincent, 1841-7 ; W. H. Andrew, 1848-51 ; W. H.Wilson, 1853-69; 
 W. C. Williamson, 1871-85. 
 
 Washington, Washington Co., Iowa, 2d Church; Keokuk; 
 
 1855. 
 S. F. Vanatta, 1855-63; A. Conner, 1865-9; R- B. Taggart, 1874-6; H. G. 
 McVey, 1877-80 ; J. R. Logue, 1883- 
 
 Waterford, Erie Co., Pa.; Lake; 1812. 
 
 R. Reid, 1812-41 ; J. J. Findley, 1842-53; T. Love, 1854-64; H. P. Jack- 
 son, 1865-9; P- W. Free, 1870- 
 
 Watson's Run, Crawford Co., Pa.; Lake; March 6, 1869. 
 S. M. Black, 1873-4 ; J. McNab, 1875-85. 
 
 Wayne [Beaver Dam], Erie Co., Pa.; Lake; 1859. 
 
 J. Iv. Aten, 1860-3 ; A. S. Abbey, 1872-7 ; H. H. McMaster, 187S-82. 
 
 Welda, Anderson Co., Kan.; Garnett; Aug. 17, 1880. 
 
 T. Brown, 1882-5. 
 
 Wellsville, Cohimbiana Co., O. ; Steubenville; 1848. 
 
 J. C. Campbell, 1848-55 ; J. Andrews, 1859-69 ; J. D. Brownlee, 1870-5 j 
 J. A. Bailey, 1877-82 ; J. G. Kennedy, 1884- 
 
 Wellsville, Franklin Co., Kan.; Garnett; April 14, 1885. 
 West Alexander [Three Ridges], Washington Co., Pa.; 
 Wheeling; 1838. 
 J. Shaw, 1840-52; J. C. Murch, 1852-9; J. Stevenson, 1859-70; M. Or- 
 mond, 1872-6 ; W. M. Coleman, 1877- 
 
 West Beaver, Columbiana Co., O. ; Steubenville; about 1818. 
 
 E. N. Scroggs, 1820-38; J. W. Harsha, 1840-4; S. T. Herron, 1846-68; 
 J. H. Leiper, 1868-74; H. H. Brownlee, 1877-80; J. W. Best, 1881- 
 
 West Bethel, Crawford Co., 111.; Princeton; June, 1869. 
 
 H. McHatton, 1874- 
 
 West Charlton, Saratoga Co., N. Y. ; Albany; 1792. 
 
 J. Mairs, 1794-1835; A.Johnston, 1837-55; A. Henry, 1858-63; W. N. 
 Randies, 1864-72; W. M. Gibson, 1873-8; W. E. Stewart, 1882-5; A. 
 Wareham, 1886- 
 
 West Chester, Washington Co., Iowa; Keokuk; May 8, 1876. 
 J. Lackey, 1877-82 ; J. T. Tate, 1884- 
 
 West Delhi, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; Nov. 25, 1841. 
 
 W. J. Cleland, 1847-63; A. Thomas, 1863-7; A. G. King, 1868- 
 
 West Fairfield, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1844. 
 H. Q. Graham, 1856-73; D. W. McLane, 1876-80; S. M. Black, 1881- 
 
192 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 West Galway, Fulton Co., N. Y. ; Albany; March 26, 1867. 
 D. Anderson, 1871-5. 
 
 West Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y. ; Argyle; 1785. 
 
 P. Bullions, 1818-23; J. Irvine, 1824-31; A. Anderson, 1833-47; J. Bal- 
 lantine, 1848-9; J. McKee, 1851-7 ; W. R. McKee, 1860-7; G. W. 
 Wiley, 1868- 
 
 West Kortright, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; Delaware; 1850. 
 [Previously a part of Kortright.] 
 
 J. M. McNulty, 1852-6 ; J. Rippey, 1856-66 ; R. T. Doig, 1868- 
 
 West Liberty, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; Sept. 21, 187s. 
 
 W. P. Shaw, 1877- 
 
 West Mecca, Trumbull Co., O. ; Mercer; Dec. i6, 1882. 
 
 J. E. Stewart, S. S., 1882-3; Supplies, 1883- 
 
 West Middlesex [Beulah], Mercer Co., Pa., Mercer; 1841. 
 
 R. W. Oliver, 1846-53; J. Armstrong, 1856-68; W. J. Snodgrass, 1869- 
 
 West Middletown, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; 1810. 
 
 8. Findley, 1814-22 ; W. Wallace, 1828-33 ; S. Taggart, 1835-85. 
 
 Westminster, Keokuk Co., Iowa; Keokuk; Feb. 11, 1867. 
 J. T. Tate, 1868-70 ; T. E. Turner, 1870-2 ; J. Lackey, 1872-6 ; J. T. Tate, 
 1878- 
 
 West Newton, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; Westmoreland; Nov. 
 5, 1850. 
 
 A. G. Fergus, 1851-1 ; D. H. Pollock, 1854-60; W. L. McConnell, 1860-5 ; 
 J. D. Walkinshaw, 1865-9 ; W. R. Stevenson, 1872-81 ; J. S. Garvin, 
 1882- 
 
 West Union, Adams Co., O. ; Chillicothe; 1812. 
 
 W. Baldridge, 1812 ; Supplies; J. Caskey, 1836-38; J. Graham, 1841-9 ; 
 A. W. McClanahan, 1853-5 ; A. W. McClanahan, 1858-60 ; J. Arbuth- 
 not, 1862-6; J. P. Finney, S. S., 1874-6; E. McKee, S. S., 1877-81. 
 
 West Union [Union], Indiana Co., Pa.; Conemaugh; 1816. 
 
 D. Blair, 181S-58; S. Anderson, 1852-67; J. C. Telford, 1867- 
 
 West Union, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Allegheny; 1842. 
 
 J. Given, 1854-7; J- G. Barnes, 1S62-70; N. E. Wade, 1875-84; R. H. 
 Park, 1885- 
 
 West Union, White Co., 111.; Princeton; 1853. 
 
 J. Morrow, S. S., 1853-5; J- L. Craig, S. S., 1855-7; T. Turner, S. S., 
 1858-60; A. S. Montgomery, 1864-82. 
 
 West Unity, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; 1834. 
 
 J.Johnston, S. S., 1834-5; J. Green, 1835-46; W. P. Breaden, 1847-58; 
 W. A. Black, 1860-5; W. H. Jamieson, S. S., 1867-72; J. E. Dodds, 
 1874-7 ; R. A. Gilfillan, 1879-82 ; J. J. Imbrie, 1883- 
 
 Wheatland, Will Co., 111.; Chicago; Mav, 1848. 
 
 R. W. French, S. S., 1848-60; T. Dickson, 1862-5; S. F. Clark, 1865-70; 
 W. J. McAllister, 1872-4; J. W. Buchanan, 1874-84; J. C. Lynn, 1885- 
 
 Wheeling, W. Va. ; Wheeling; Nov. 24, 1833. 
 W. Wallace, 1833-49 ; J. T. McClure, 1850- 
 
 Wheeling, Washington Co., Pa.; Chartiers; Aug. 15, 1836. 
 J. Shaw, 1843-52 ; J. C. Murch, 1853-9 ; J- A. McKee, 1860- 
 
 Wliite Oak, Mahaska Co., Iowa; Des Moines; Oct., 1869. 
 
 S. F. Clark, 1878-82 ; J. Gilmore, S. S., 1883-4. 
 
WITH THEIR HISTORICAL RECORD. I93 
 
 White Oak Sprincrs, Butler Co., Pa.; Butler; 1816. 
 
 I. Niblock, 1819-36 ; W. Findley, 1837-51 ; T. Drennen, 1853-7 ; W. H. 
 Jamison, 1858-78; T. W. Yoimg, 1879-84. 
 
 Whitinsville, Worcester Co., Mass; Boston; Dec. 30, 1874. 
 
 (Organized Oct. 3, 1871. R. Harkness, 1873-4. Dissolved 
 
 May 22, 1874; reorganized Dec. 30, 1874.) 
 
 J. L. Thompson, 1878-82 ; J. C. Mackey, 1883-4; J. R. McAllister, S. S., 
 
 1885-7. 
 
 Wilkinsburg, Allegheny Co., Pa.; Monongahela; Nov. 21, 
 
 1882. 
 
 M. M. Patterson, 1884- 
 
 Willamette, Linn Co., Ore.; Oregon; July 9, 1850. 
 
 T. S. Kendall, S. S., 1850-4; S. G. Irvine, 1857-74; A. M. Acheson, 1877- 
 
 Wilsonville, Furnace Co., Neb.; Pawnee; Sept., 1882. 
 J. S. Ross, 18S3-6. 
 
 Wilton, Will Co., 111.; Chicago; May 14, i860. 
 
 R. W. French, 1861-82 ; W. W. White, 1885-6 ; J. W. Cleland, 1887- 
 
 Winchester, Jefferson Co., Kan.; Kansas; Dec. i^, 1869. 
 
 D. Forsyth, S. S., 1869-71 ; J. S. McMunn, 1877-82; W. Wright, 1883- 
 
 Winfield, Henry Co., Iowa; Keokuk; Oct., 1865. 
 J. M. Henderson, 1865-71 ; T. L. Thome, 1877- 
 
 Winterset, Madison Co., Iowa; Des Moines; 1855. 
 
 C. T. McCanghan, 1865-70 ; J. U. McClenahan, 1875-7 ; A. M. Camp- 
 bell, 1 88 1-4. 
 
 Woonsocket, Sanborn Co., Dak.; Omaha; April 4, 1885. 
 
 W. T. Moffett, S. S., 1885- 
 
 Wooster, Wayne Co., O. ; Mansfield; 1815. 
 
 S. Irvine, 1821-37; J. McKee, 1837-49; H. Sturgeon, 1852-6; J. W. Mc- 
 Farland, 1857-62; R. H. Pollock, 1865-76 ; D. A. Wallace, 1878-83 ; 
 R. A. Gilfillan, 1885-6 ; J. A. Wilson, 1887- 
 [Asso. Ref., ; J. H. Peacock, 1844-51 ; merged in Asso. about 1858.] 
 
 Worthington, Armstrong Co., Pa.; Butler; June 19, 1851. 
 J. N. Dick, 1851-4; J.Jamison, 1855-60; T. M. Seaton, 1863-70; J. L. 
 Grove, 1872-84; D. McCaw, 1886- 
 
 Wurtemburg, Lawrence Co., Pa.; Beaver Valley; Feb., i860, 
 
 J. H. Peacock, 1S67-73; J. D. Glenn, 1874-81 ; J. B. Whitten, 1883-5. 
 
 Wyoming, Jones Co., Iowa; Le Claire; Nov. 4, 1859. 
 
 L.I. Crawford, 1864-9; J- U. McClenahan, 1869-72; W. Donaldson, 
 1877-86. 
 Xenia, O., ist Church; Xenia; 1810. 
 
 J. Steele, 1817-36; J. R. Bonner, 1838-45; R. D. Harper, 1846-68; W. G. 
 Moorehead, 1871-5 ; T. H. Hanna, 1875-80; J. H. Wright, 1881- 
 
 Xenia, O. , 2d Church; Xenia; Oct. 21, 1811. 
 
 F. Pringle, 1814-18 ; T. Beveridge, 1820-4; S.Wilson, 1830-55; R. B. 
 Ewing, 1859-68; J. G. Carson, 1869- 
 
 Xenia, O., 3d Church; Xenia; Ref. Pres., 1848; U. P., 1869. 
 
 [Ref. Pres.] J. A. Crawford, 1853-60; R. McCaslin, 1861-6 ; [U. P.] 
 W. H. McMillan, 1870-3 ; R. Turnbull, 1874-8 ; W. G. Moorehead, 
 1878-85 ; J. W. Smith, 1886- 
 
 Xenia Prairie, Clay Co., 111.; Southern Illinois; 1862. 
 
 A. R. Rankin, 1866-72; W. Stevenson, 1875-7; S. S. Stewart, 1883- 
 
194 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONGREGATIONS 
 
 Yellow Creek [Big Yellow Creek], Jefferson Co., O. ; Steuben- 
 ville; 1818. 
 
 E.N. Scroggs, 1820-3; J- Donaldson, 1823-34; J. Patterson, 1837-54; 
 J. S. Easton, 1855-6; T. R. Simpson, 1856-61; J. Golden, 1864-9; 
 H. Y. Leiper, 1870- 
 
 York, Livingston Co., N. Y. ; Caledonia; 1813. 
 
 H. S. Wilkin, 1823-33 ; A. Blaikie, 1836-45 ; J. M. Heron, 1848-52 ; J. 
 Van Eaton, 1853-80; H. A. McDonald, 1881-5 ; A. K. Duff, 1887- 
 
 York, Page Co., Iowa; College Springs; Feb. 16, 1878. 
 
 R. H. Barnes, 1882- 
 
 Yorkville, Racine Co., Wis.; Wisconsin; Jan. 5, 1847. 
 
 S. Collins, 1847-60; J. A. Shankland, 1861-70; J. H. Morrow, 1874-80; 
 J. M. McArthur, S. S., 1881-6. 
 
 Youngstown, ist Church, Mahoning Co., O. ; Cleveland; 
 Oct. 10., 1859. 
 G. K. Ormond, 1861-70 ; J. M. Wallace, 1871-81 ; S. R. Frazier, 1884- 
 
 Yonngstown, 2d Church, Mahoning Co., O. ; Cleveland; 1887. 
 
 Zafarwal, India; Sialkot; Nov., 1879. 
 
 Zerabi; Egypt; June i, 1882. 
 
 Zion, Douglas Co., Minn.; Minnesota; Oct. 2, 1862. 
 
 J. L. Whitla, 1873-85. 
 
THE MINISTRY. I95 
 
 The Ministry* 
 
 ABBEY, Alexander Smith: 
 
 Was born Feb. 28, 1834, in Wayne township, Erie Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1862, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny one year after licensure; was licensed Sept. 8, 
 1869, by the Lake Pres., and ordained May 7, '72, by the 
 same; pastor of Wayne, Erie co., Pa., May, 1872-Feb. 6, 
 ''^']\ at Summit, Erie Co., 1879-85. Principal of Jamestown 
 Seminary for eight years, and of the Waterford Academy for 
 two. 
 
 ACHESON, Allen Morrow: 
 
 Was born Feb. 22, 1849, in Muskingum Co., O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Monmouth in 1874, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 licensed June 5, 1876, by the Pres. of Monmouth, and or- 
 dained May 2, ''']^^ by the same; installed July 12, 1877, at 
 Willamette, Oregon. 
 ACHESON, Robert (A.): 
 
 Was born near Market Hill, Ireland; was graduated at the 
 University of Glasgow, Scotland, and studied theology at the 
 Independent Theological Hall in Glasgow; was licensed in 
 1856 by the Independent Ch. in Scotland, and ordained Sept. 
 10, '57, by the Associate Pres. of Northern Illinois; pastor at 
 Galena, 111., Sept. 1857-May, '58; of Gait, in Canada, June, 
 1858-June, ''']'i)\ and Stamford, Canada, since Nov., 1874. 
 ADAIR, John McCleary (A.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 10, 1831, in Indiana, Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Jefferson in 1854, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed July 3, 1858, by the Pres. of Conemaugh, and or- 
 
 *(A.) after a name means Associate before the union of 1858, when the 
 United Presbyterian Church was formed; and (A. R.) Associate Reformed. 
 An asterisk (*) marks those that are dead. 
 
196 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 dained Mar. 16, '59, by the Asso. Pres. of Philadelphia, and 
 installed at Stone Valley, Huntingdon Co., Pa., where he still 
 remains. Publication: Slavery viewed from the Bible Stand- 
 point, 1863, p. 17. 
 
 ADAIR, James Hill*: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. John M., was born Feb. 19, 1829, i^i 
 Indiana, Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1857, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 11, i860, by Cone- 
 maugh Pres., and ordained June 20, '66, sine titulo^ by the 
 same. He labored as a Domestic Missionary in southeast 
 Kansas until 1878, when he joined the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 resided at Galesburg, Kansas. Died Aug. 24, 1885. 
 
 ADAIR, William (A. R.):* 
 
 Was received as a licentiate from the Presbyterian Ch., 
 Nov. 15, 1804, by the Pres. of Big Spring; was ordained Ap. 
 7, 1807, by the same, and at the same meeting accepted a call 
 to Old Providence, in Augusta Co. , and the Sinks, in Monroe 
 Co. , Va. ; because of the distance from the members of Pres- 
 bytery his installation never took place; resigned Old Provi- 
 dence Ap. 19, 1809, because of the "hundred miles, three 
 mountains and six rivers" which interposed between his two 
 congregations, and gave instead his half time to Sinking 
 Creek and Antonie's Creek, in Greenbrier Co.; resigned the 
 Sinks Nov. 22, 1813, and next spring the Greenbrier 
 churches; on the 25th of May, 1814, he asked of Presbytery 
 and received ' ' permission to cease from discharging the func- 
 tions of the gospel ministry." 
 
 ADAMS, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 8, 1792, three miles west of Canonsburg, 
 Pa. ; was graduated in 1819 at Jefferson, and studied theology 
 with Dr. Anderson at Service, and Dr. Ramsay at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed Aug. 29, 1821, by Chartiers Pres., and or- 
 dained May 15, '23, by Miami; was installed at the same time 
 as pastor at Massie's Creek, Greene Co., O. He was deposed 
 from the ministry in July, 1838, for drunkenness, and after 
 some time moved to Madison, Ind, where he engaged in teach- 
 ing, and died Sept. 16, 1842, and was buried at Carmel, Ind. 
 
THE MINISTRY. I97 
 
 ADAMS, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 7, 1785, in county Armagh, Ireland; was 
 gradnated at Glasgow University, and studied theology with 
 Dr. William Taylor, of Perth, and was licensed in 1819 by 
 the Associate Burgher Ch. of Scotland. He acted as mission- 
 ary until 1832, when he came to the U. S. ; was ordained 
 Sept. II, ^7,2,^ by the Pres. of Philadelphia; pastor of Guin- 
 ston, York Co., Pa., Sept. 1833-Ap. '55, and died very sud- 
 denly July 14, 1862. 
 AIKEN, Alexander Scott: 
 
 Was born Feb. 3, 1846, near Princeton, Lawrence Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1870, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 1873, by the Pres. of 
 Beaver Valley, and ordained Ap. 29, '75, by Big Spring, and 
 installed pastor of Lower Chanceford, York Co., Pa. He 
 served in the civil war as sergeant in the i6th Pennsylvania 
 Cavalry. Publication: Biographical Sketch of the Rev. John 
 Cuthbertson, p. 36. 
 ALEXANDER, John R. : 
 
 Was born May 23, 1849, i^ Plain township, Wayne Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Ohio Central College, Iberia, O., in 1871, 
 and studied theology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 21, 1874, by the Pres. of Mansfield; was appointed in the 
 ensuing autumn to the Foreign Missionary work in Egypt, 
 and was ordained by his Presbytery Jan. 20, '75, and sailed 
 February the loth, reached his field in March, and after 
 learning the language has been mainly occupied with the in- 
 terests of the Native College at Asyoot. 
 
 ALEXANDER, Josiah A.*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 8, 1819, in Washington Co., Tenn. ; was 
 educated at Franklin, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed June 17, 1851, by the Pres. of Chartiers, and or- 
 dained Oct. 27, 1853, by Muskingum; was pastor of Belmont 
 and connections, in Belmont Co., O., Oct. 1853-May, 1855; of 
 Deer Creek, Lawrence Co., Pa., May, 1857-June 8, ^yy. Died 
 Ap. 12, 1883, at New Wilmington, Pa. 
 
 ALEXANDER, Samuel (A.): 
 
 Was born in Washington Co. , Tenn. ; was graduated at 
 
198 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Franklin in 1849, ^^^ studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed Oct, 5, 1852, by the Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 August 21, 1855, by Ohio; was pastor of Bethel congregation, 
 and Leetonia, Pa., Aug., 1855-Feb. 21, '72; S. S. at Clarkson 
 Lawrence Co., Columbiana Co., O., 1874-9; pastor of Lyn- 
 don, Kan., June 27, 1882- 
 ALIvEN, Andrew Jackson (A.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 16, 1824, in Illinois; was graduated at 
 Washington in 1849, ^^^ studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed in May, 1852, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained 
 in Oct., 1857, ^y Iowa; was pastor of Scotch Grove, la., Oct., 
 1857-Feb., 1864; of Carrollton and connections in Ohio, Dec. 
 3, 1872-Sept. 12, '82; was for many years a teacher. 
 ALLEN, Henry (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 8, 181 7, in county Tyrone, Ireland; was edu- 
 cated at Miami University, and studied theology at Oxford; 
 was licensed in Mar., 1846, by First Pres. of Ohio, and or- 
 dained in Ap., 1847, ^y th^ same; was pastor of Sycamore 
 and Hopkins ville, Warren co., O., Ap., 1847-Ap. '55; of 
 Iowa City, la., July, 1856-Nov., '60; of Union, Randolph co., 
 111., Dec, 1860-5; was called to Second Ch., Cincinnati, July, 
 1865, but without installation returned the call in July, 1866; 
 was installed at Hoboken, N. J., in Mar., 1867, and died Dec, 
 25, of the same year, from heart disease. Publications: 
 Three sermons in the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Church, vols. 
 1-3-4- 
 ALLISON, Thomas (A.)*: 
 
 Was born June 3, 1771, most probably in York co, , Pa., 
 but was reared in Washington co, ; was educated at Canons- 
 burg Academy previous to its being chartered as a college, 
 and studied theology with Dr. John Anderson at Service; 
 was licensed May i, 1800, by the Presbytery of Pennsylvania, 
 and ordained Feb. 10, 1802, by Chartiers, and installed at 
 Mount Hope, in Washington co.. Pa., and Cross Creek, 
 Brooke co., Va. This charge he retained until Mar. 6, 1838, 
 when, because of age and infirmity, he resigned. He died 
 Ap. 6, 1840, from congestion of the bowels. 
 ALTER, Joseph: 
 
 Was born Dec. 1841, in Plum township, Allegheny co., 
 
THE MINISTRY. I99 
 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Wooster University in 1873, and 
 studied theology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 18, 1876, by the Pres. of Mansfield, and ordained Dec. 12, 
 '^'j']^ by Kansas; pastor of Valley Falls and Nortonville, Jeffer- 
 son CO., Kansas, Dec. 12, 1877-Sept. 10, '84; missionary in 
 Washington Territory since Oct., '84. Served in the civil 
 war in the 12 2d regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 
 was wounded in the battle of Fredericksburg, Va. 
 ANDERSON, Abraham, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born near Newville, Cumberland co.. Pa., Dec. 7, 
 1789, of Irish parents, who had recently settled there. The 
 family soon moved to western Pennsylvania, where he labored 
 upon the farm until after his majority. During the war with 
 England he served for a year under General Harrison, after 
 which he commenced his studies, and was graduated at Jef- 
 ferson in 181 7. He spent one year with Dr. John Anderson, 
 and finished his theological studies under the direction of 
 Presbytery. From 1818 to 1821 he was Prof, of Languages 
 in Jefferson College, and at the same time studied theology 
 and prosecuted a course of medical studies with Dr. Eether- 
 man. He was licensed Aug. 29, 182 1, by the Pres. of Char- 
 tiers, and ordained in Sept., 1822, by the Pres. of the 
 Carolinas; was pastor of Steele Creek and Bethany, in 
 Mecklenburg co., N. C, Sept., 1822-33, and of West He- 
 bron, Washington co., N. Y., 1833-47, and then collegiate 
 pastor with Dr. Beveridge, at Venice, Pa., till his death, 
 which took place May 9, 1855, in Canonsburg. He was 
 Prof of Didactic and Polemic Theology in the Seminary at 
 Canonsburg, i847-'55. Publications: A Circular to the 
 Churches in the Carolinas in 1824; a Sermon on Covenant- 
 ing; a Criticism on Decision in a Church Case in Vermont; 
 Lectures on Theology. 
 ANDERSON, Abraham (A.)*: 
 
 Was born near Canonsburg, Pa., in 1818: was graduated at 
 Jefferson in 1842, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed in June of 1846 by the Pres. of Ohio, and ordained 
 in Sept., '47, by Allegheny; was pastor of the First Asso. 
 Congregation of Pittsburgh, 1847, until his death, July 27, 
 1849. 
 
200 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ANDERSON, Abraham Ramsey: 
 
 Was born Feb. 3, 1832, near Canonsburg, Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Jeflferson in 1855, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed June 15, 1858, by the Pres. of Chartiers, and ordained 
 Ap. 17, '60, by the same, and installed as pastor of Venice 
 congregation, in Washington co.. Pa. 
 
 ANDERSON, David (A.)*: 
 
 Was born and educated in Scotland, and was licensed and 
 ordained by a Pres. of the United Session Ch., and was 
 twenty -seven years pastor of a congregation in Scotland; he 
 was, upon his arrival in this country, received Oct. 30, 1839, 
 by the Asso. Pres. of Philadelphia; accepted a call to the con- 
 gregations of Carlisle and Unity, Pa., on the 26th of March, 
 1841, and was installed on the 28th of the following Oct, In 
 May, 1842, during a meeting in Philadelphia, and while put- 
 ting his daughter aboard a steamer for Baltimore, met with 
 an accident, from which he died in a few hours. 
 
 ANDERSON, David: 
 
 Was born June 28, 1840, in Belfast, Ireland; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1869, and studied theology at Monmouth; 
 was licensed in Ap., 1870, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 4, '71, by Albany; pastor in West Galway, N. Y., 1871 
 -Sept., '75, of Little York, 111., Feb., 1876-Oct., '78, and 
 commenced Ap., 1880, as S. S. in Octoraro, Pa., and pastor 
 since May 10, 1881. He serv^ed as a private in the Round- 
 head regiment during part of the Rebellion, and was severely 
 wounded at the second battle of Bull Run. Publication: 
 History of the Congregation of Little York, 111., 1876, 26 
 pages. 
 
 ANDERSON, James Auld: 
 
 Was born March i, 1854, at West Alexander, Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1877, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1880, by Wheeling Pres. 
 and ordained Nov. 9, '80, by Mansfield; pastor of Mansfield, 
 Nov. 9, 1880-Jan. 19, '87; Beulah, N. Y., May 2, 1887- 
 
 ANDERSON, John, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in England, near the Scotch border, and of 
 Scotch parents, about the year 1748. An only child and 
 
THE MINISTRY, 20I 
 
 soon fatherless. He was graduated at one of the Scottish 
 Universities, and studied theology at the Associate Divinity 
 Hall, and was licensed by a Presbytery of the Secession 
 Church, but his voice was so weak and his manner so hesita- 
 ting that his services in the pulpit were not called for, and 
 for years he was employed as a corrector of the press. In 
 June, 1783, he sailed for the United States with his aged 
 mother, who died at sea, and landed in August, at Philadel- 
 phia, He lost a valuable library in the passage. He itiner- 
 ated for four years under the care of the Asso, Presbytery of 
 Pennsylvania, and was then ordained sine titiilo in Philadel- 
 phia Oct. 31, 1788. In the Autumn of 1792 he was installed 
 as pastor of Mill Creek and Harmon's Creek, (now Service 
 and Frankfort,) in Beaver county, Pa,, and remained until 
 his death, Ap, 6, 1830, which occurred while attending 
 Presbytery at North Buffalo, April 21, 1794, he was ap- 
 pointed Professor of Theology for the Associate Church, and 
 so continued until the spring of 1819, when he resigned be- 
 cause of the infirmities of age, 
 
 Dr, Anderson was a man of mark in every sense. He was 
 remarkably small, his statiire not much exceeding five feet, 
 with a large head enveloped in a forest of thick tangled hair, 
 "Nature," says one of his pupils, "in setting him up had for- 
 gotten to supply the convenience of a neck, and there seemed 
 to have been a great lack of muscle where it ought to have been, 
 as his head was constantly inclined to his breast at an angle 
 of forty-five degrees, ' ' His voice was low, though not unmu- 
 sical, and he spoke with much hesitation and embarrassment, 
 so that a fair writer could take down his discourses without the 
 use of phonography. He had brilliant and piercing black eyes, 
 which possessed such strength and endurance that he never 
 used glasses even in extreme old age. He was, in temper, 
 somewhat irascible, although distinguished for meekness and 
 humility, and was very impatient of contradiction, so far as 
 related to matters of principle. When his temper had gained 
 a momentary ascendency he would immediately manifest the 
 deepest humiliation and penitence, and solicit again and again 
 the pardon of those against whom he had spoken with severity, 
 and confess with great grief this infirmity of his nature. 
 14 
 
202 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 He was noted for his abstraction of mind and entire igTio- 
 ranee of the common affairs of life. On one occasion when 
 leaving Philadelphia, where Synod had been in session, Mr. 
 Young, with whom he had lodged, knew that he had no 
 money and gave him enough to take him home, but knowing 
 his habits, concluded to watch him until he got out of the city, 
 and soon found him in a book store where he had already 
 spent his last dollar, without any thought of how he was to 
 get to Beaver county. It was no uncommon thing for him to 
 bring back from a journey nothing of a large supply of linen 
 except what was on his back. His habit was to take a book 
 to read when he mounted his horse, and he soon became so 
 absorbed in it as to be oblivious to all else, and "old gray," 
 understanding his ways, would generally betake himself to 
 what grass and food he could find, and things would remain 
 thus for an hour at a time. He rarely or never succeeded in 
 going to Presbytery or Synod without losing himself. He 
 would even lose himself in going to his own church, and 
 when services were over he would sometimes mount the first 
 gray horse he found and ride away, without any regard to 
 ownership. He once set out from home upon a cold day in 
 the winter to attend a distant meeting of Presbytery, and in- 
 dulged himself for a while in his usual practice of reading 
 till the severity of the weather compelled him to desist. He 
 now found himself in a place which he could not recognize, 
 and began to urge his horse forward with unwonted activity; 
 but having ridden all day without discovering any habitation, 
 or meeting any person from whom he could obtain directions, 
 as a last resort, in the evening, he gave the reins to the 
 horse, thinking he might lead him to some shelter for the 
 night. The horse, thus left to himself, soon brought him to 
 an opening in the woods and made directly for a habitation 
 at a little distance. The Doctor knocked at the door and it 
 was opened by an aged lady, of whom he inquired, in a sup- 
 plicating tone, whether he could get lodgings for the night. 
 The lady proved to be his wife, and the house his own, 
 around which he had been riding all day at the distance of a 
 mile or two. He once put on the horse a saddle for his wife, 
 and put it on with the horns behind; when told of his error 
 he expressed astonishment that saddles should have horns. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 203 
 
 As a theological lecturer he was exceedingly methodical, 
 and confined himself to the Medulla and Compend of John 
 Mark, in the unfolding of which he lectured nearly every day 
 of the session from three to four hours at a time. History 
 and Exegesis and the other departments of a modern course 
 were almost wholly neglected. As a preacher he was very 
 different, for he was plain and practical. In the pulpit he 
 seemed to forget that there was such a thing as controversial 
 divinity in existence, and dwelt upon the simplest truths of 
 the gospel in the most simple manner possible. Occasionally 
 a thought, or whole train of thought, would break in upon 
 him that seemed to stir up his soul from its lowest depths. 
 "The change that came over him at such times was astonish- 
 ing. The tongue of the stammerer now spoke plainly, his 
 form would dilate, his voice would roll like thunder, and his 
 little black eyes would sparkle like two burning torches." 
 
 But his most noted characteristic was his spirituality as a 
 man. Dr. Alex. McClelland was under his instruction for 
 three years, and during all that time, summer as well as win- 
 ter, was a member of his family, and had opportunities of 
 knowing him better than any other man, and he writes of 
 him thus: "To say that he was animated by a profound rev- 
 erence for the Supreme Being, never named Him without 
 making a perceptible pause in his discourse, paid marked re- 
 gard to the Divine laws and institutions, was a strict observer 
 of the Lord's Day, etc., etc., would be to talk quite prettily 
 and appropriately of some persons; but, applied to John An- 
 derson of Service Creek would be ridiculous bathos. God 
 was his life^ his soul^ his all in all! In God his whole moral 
 man lived and moved and had its being. He walked with 
 Him constantly as a personal friend; and I doubt whether 
 there was a moment when He was not present to him as a 
 distinct object of thought. Very soon this fact struck me so 
 forcibly that I determined to make the old man my particular 
 study, and began to play the spy on him to a greater extent 
 than, under other circumstances, would have been dignified 
 or proper. Ten times a day have I gone to his study door 
 and peered through the key-hole to see what he was doing, 
 and eight times out of the ten I found him upon his knees. 
 
204 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 My little sleeping apartment was next to his, and often, long 
 after our old wooden clock had commenced striking the small 
 hours, I heard the low breathing of one in earnest devotion, 
 Seeking an explanation, I was told by the old lady, after 
 some cross-questioning, that being extremely subject to ner- 
 vous wakefulness, he found nothing better to do than rise 
 and spend a half hour in prayer. This mode of composing 
 unquiet nerves appeared to me a strange business, and I re- 
 solved to know more about it. Searching carefully the par- 
 tition, I found a large cranny, to which I applied my ear with 
 such good effect that I was able to catch much of what he 
 said, and such praying I never heard before nor expect to 
 hear again. It was not prayer in the common acceptation of 
 the term, but an outgiish of holy, child-like confidence in a 
 Father with whom he was in familiar colloquy; sometimes 
 taking the form of a confession of unworthiness, sometimes 
 that of an humble interrogatory, then passing over into a sort 
 of argumentative pleading, in which he would remind his 
 Heavenly Father of His engagements in the everlasting cove- 
 nant, of some gracious promise in the Word, of the blood- 
 shedding on Mount Calvary, of His past providential dealings, 
 and all this with such deep feelings of love, gratitude, self- 
 abasement and triumphant hope that I was absolutely as- 
 tounded and tore myself away, aghast at the presumption 
 with which I had been violating the sanctity of a place, holy 
 as Heaven itself; stealing like a vile thief and eavesdropper 
 into the nuptial chamber where the Lord was communing 
 with his mystic spouse. To my mind there was something 
 awful in the thought of a mortal creature holding such close 
 correspondence with the invisible world, nestling itself, if I 
 may so speak, in the very bosom of God. Many a night it 
 robbed me of sleep, and when, on the following morning, the 
 little man joined our family circle in his usual quiet and un- 
 obtrusive way I would gaze at him as if I saw a spirit. 
 Happy old man! Death must have been comparatively a 
 very trifling change to him, for the hallowed employments 
 and pleasures on which he entered were those which formed 
 the whole happiness of his earthly existence. ' ' 
 
 Publications: Essay on Various Subjects Relative to the 
 
THK MINISTRY. 205 
 
 Present State of Religion: Glasgow, 1782. A Discourse Upon 
 the Divine Ordinance of Singing Praise: 1791. A Vindica- 
 tion of this Discourse: 1793. Vindiciae Cantus Dominici: 
 i8cx). The Appropriation which is in the Nature of Saving 
 Faith: 1793. A Series of Letters to the Rev. Dr. Hemphill, 
 of South Carolina, on the Union of 1782: 1803. Precious 
 Truths: 1806. Notes to Brown's Dictionary of the Bible: 
 1807. A Series of Dialogues on Church Communion: 1820. 
 ANDERSON, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1791, in Ireland; when he came to this coun- 
 try he identified himself with the "McCoyites," and was 
 educated under their auspices, and ordained about 1822 by 
 the Reformed Dissenting Presbytery. He was for many 
 years pastor of the Reformed Dissenting congregation of 
 Clear Ridge, Guernsey co., O. August 24, 1853, ^^^ ^^^^ ^^i^ 
 congregation united with the Second Pres. of Ohio. He re- 
 mained pastor until his death, Sept. i, 1855, when his con- 
 gation joined the Asso. Ref, congregation of Fairview, with 
 the families of which it was intermixed. 
 ANDERSON, John (A. R.): 
 
 Was born July 6, 1826, in Port Hope, Canada, and reared 
 in Argyle, N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1852, and 
 studied theology at Newburgh; was licensed Oct. 9, 1855, by 
 the Pres. of Washington, and ordained by Michigan, June 
 20, '57; was pastor of Oswego and New Paris, in Elkhart co., 
 Ind., June, i857-'68, and of Martin, Mich., i868-Ap. 10, 
 1877. United with the Presbyterian ch. and is at School- 
 craft, Mich. 
 ANDERSON, Samuel (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. i, 1826; in Fredericksburg, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1846, and studied theology at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed in June, 1850, by the Richmond Pres., 
 and ordained sine titulo by the same July 17, '50; spent two 
 years as a missionary in Illinois and Wisconsin ; was installed 
 as the colleague of the Rev. David Blair, in the united charge 
 of Indiana and Union, Aug. 3, 1852, by the Allegheny Pres- 
 bytery. Immediately after the union of 1858, Nov. 12, this 
 charge was divided, Mr. Blair retaining Indiana and Mr. 
 Anderson the Union branch, with which, Ap. 12, 1859, ^^ 
 
206 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 associated the congregation of Olivet for one-third of his 
 time, both of which he resigned Ap. 19, '67, He was pastor 
 of Amity, now College Springs, in la., from June 26, 1867, 
 till his death, Dec. 20, 1869. 
 ANDERSON, Thomas W. : 
 
 Was born near West Hebron, Washington Co. , N. Y. , Dec. 
 27, 1855; was graduated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 27, 1879, ^Y Alle- 
 gheny Pres. ; was ordained June 28, '80, by Philadelphia, and 
 installed as pastor of the United Presbyterian Church in 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 ANDERSON, William Harvey: 
 
 Was born Aug. 17, 1851, near Cedarville, Greene Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Wooster University in 1878, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Apr. 13, 1881, by Xenia 
 Pres., and ordained Jan. 11, '82, by Garnett; pastor at Edger- 
 ton, Johnson Co., Kan., Jan. 11, 1882-Oct. 20, '85. 
 
 ANDREW, James Hervey (A.): 
 
 Was born May 23, 1823, ^^ Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Washington in 1849, ^^^ studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed Oct. 5, 1852, by the Pres. of Chartiers, and or- 
 dained Feb. 20, '55, by Philadelphia; was pastor of Oxford, 
 Pa., Feb. 20, 1855-July 29, '63; South Argyle, N. Y., Ap. 
 1864-Jan. 13, '74; First Ch., Brooklyn, N. Y. since May 15, 
 1876- 
 
 ANDREW, William Hume, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of James H., was born in Xenia, O. , July 28, 1818; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1843, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed June 16, 1847, ^Y ^^^ Pres. of 
 Miami, and ordained Sept. 17, '48, by Iowa; was pastor of 
 Washington and Columbus City, la., Sept. 1848-Ap. '51; of 
 North Liberty, Adams Co., O., Ap. 1853-Ap. '54; joined the 
 Asso. Ref. Pres. of Chillicothe in May, 1854; was pastor in 
 Ripley, O., May, 1854- Ap. '57; of the Asso. Ref Ch. at 
 Canonsburg, Pa., June 30, 1857-July 26, '59; was appointed 
 Dec. 27, 1857, as S. S. at Lawrenceville, (now 7th Pitts- 
 burgh,) and installed as pastor Sept. 18, i860, and resigned 
 Dec. 28, '75; was installed in Jan., 1876, in Gait, Upper 
 
THE MINISTRY. 207 
 
 Canada, where he died March 30, 1879, from heart disease. 
 In May, 1850, the Associate Synod appointed him Missionary 
 to the Island of Trinidad; in May, 1851, he sailed, and landed 
 June 28, in the island, and found the Missionary buildings 
 greatly out of repair, and the ground now occupied by the 
 Free Church of Scotland. Upon reporting these facts to the 
 Board of Missions he was re-called and landed in Baltimore, 
 Oct. 24, 1851. 
 ANDREWS, John K. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 10, 1821, in Allegheny Co., Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1846, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, 1849, by the Second Pres. of Ohio, and 
 ordained June 8, '52, by Springfield; was pastor in Piqua, O., 
 June, 1852-Oct. 26, '56; in Steuben ville, O., Nov. 1 856-' 63; 
 was chaplain of the 126th Ohio Regiment, Oct., 1862-Nov., 
 '64; united with the Presbyterian Ch. in 1863; and is at Bed- 
 ford, Pa. 
 ANDREWS, Joseph (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 22, 1815, at Mount Pleasant, Fayette Co., 
 Pa. ; was educated at Franklin College and Oxford Seminary; 
 was licensed Ap. 11, 1843, by the Pres. of Mansfield, and or- 
 dained Nov. 6, '44, by the same; was pastor of Savannah, O., 
 Nov. 6, 1844-N0V. I, '51; of Chartiers Cross Roads, Wash- 
 ington Co., Pa., May 31, 1853-Autumn, '58; of Wellsville, 
 O., June 14, 1859-June 16, 1869, when he died. 
 
 ANDREWS, Thomas*: 
 
 Was born Ap. lo, 1835, near Haysville, Ashland Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1856, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1859, by Steubenville Pres., 
 and ordained by the same June 12, '60, sine titiilo; was pastor 
 of the congregations of Calcutta and East Liverpool, in 
 Columbiana Co., O., Ap. 8, 1861, till Oct. 6, '62, when he 
 died from consumption. 
 
 ANNAN, David (A.)*: 
 
 A younger brother of Dr. Robert, was born in Cupar, Fife- 
 shire, Scotland, Ap. 4, 1754; he came while young to Amer- 
 ica, and was educated at Queen's College, in New Brunswick, 
 N. J., in the first or second class educated at that institution; 
 
2o8 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 studied theology, most likely, with his brother Robert; was 
 licensed by the Asso. Pres. of New York, and also ordained 
 by the same in Oct., 1778, at Walkill, N. Y., and settled im- 
 mediately afterward at Peterborough, in Hillsborough Co., 
 New Hampshire. In May, 1786, the Asso. Ref Synod 
 erected Messrs. Annan, Morrison and Taggart, with their 
 charges, into the Pres. of Londonderry, and in 1791, on Mr. 
 Annan's motion, changed its name to New England, al- 
 though in 1794 it took again its old name. In the summer 
 of 1792 he resigned his charge, and was received by certificate 
 into the Pres. of New York Sept. 12, 1792, and in the spring 
 of 1793 received and accepted a call to Neelytown and con- 
 nections in Orange Co., N. Y., and the third Wednesday of 
 Sept. was appointed for his installation. But he changed his 
 mind and declined the call, and communicated, Nov. 13, 
 1793, to Pres. his reasons for so doing, and returned to New 
 England. Dr. Blaikie states that "he had respectable talents, 
 and might have retained the confidence of his people, but his 
 intemperate habits, his licentious and corrupt conversation, 
 and his haughty and overbearing manner, deprived him of all 
 respect and regard. His wife was an estimable woman, yet 
 was compelled by his brutal treatment to pass the whole 
 night with her children in the woods, and finally divorced 
 him on the ground of extreme cruelty." He was deposed 
 from the ministry in 1800 by the Pres. of Londonderry, and 
 soon afterward went to Ireland, where he died in 1802. 
 ANNAN, Robert, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1742, in Cupar, Fifeshire, Scotland; was grad- 
 uated at the university of St. Andrew's, and studied theology 
 with the elder Moncriefif; he was licensed in the spring of 
 1 761 by the Asso. Presbytery of Perth, when only nineteen 
 years old, and sailed the following summer with John Mason 
 and John Smart for New York. He connected himself im- 
 mediately with the Asso. Presbytery of Pennsylvania, and in 
 Oct., 1762, received a call from Marsh Creek and Conewago, 
 Adams Co., Pa., and was ordained and installed there June 
 8, '63. He resigned this charge in Ap., 1768, and during 
 the following year was installed as pastor of Little Britain 
 and connections in Orange Co., N. Y. During the revolu- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 209 
 
 tionary war he was a consistent and earnest patriot, and de- 
 fended the American cause in the pulpit and out of it. 
 While the army lay in winter quarters at Newburgh, General 
 Washington, accompanied by the Marquis Lafayette, Colonel 
 Hamilton and General Knox, paid him a friendly visit in 
 recognition of his valuable services. He resigned Neely- 
 town, etc., in the summer of 1783, and was pastor of the 
 Federal Street Ch., in Boston, Mass., Sept. 23, 1783, till Aug. 
 6, '86, when he took charge of the Old Scots' Ch., Spruce 
 street, Philadelphia, where he remained till 1802, and then 
 took charge of the new Asso. Ref. congregation in Baltimore, 
 Md. This he resigned in 1812, and retired to his farm in 
 Lancaster Co., Pa., near Andrews' bridge, on the Octoraro. 
 He still continued to preach as he had opportunity, and as 
 Mr. Dickey, of Oxford, preached only every fourth Sabbath 
 in his Octoraro branch, he frequently preached there gratui- 
 tously. He preached in Octoraro on the last Sabbath in 
 Nov., 1819, from Rom. v. 2: "By whom also we have access 
 by faith into this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope 
 of the glory of God. ' ' Not being able to finish the discussion, 
 he appointed the next Sabbath to complete it, and while on 
 his way to the church was thrown with great violence from 
 his carriage, was taken up insensible and so remained two or 
 three days, and then died Dec. 5, 1819. Publications: An 
 Overture Illustrating the Westminster Confession of Faith, 
 prepared by order of the Synod in 1787. He wrote most of 
 this. A Narrative of the Division Among the Members of 
 the Associate Body in the United States: 1789. On Univer- 
 sal Salvation: 1790. The Connection Between Civil Govern- 
 ment and Religion: 1790. A long newspaper controversy 
 with Dr. Rush, of Philadelphia, on Capital Punishment: 
 1790. 
 ARBUTHNOT, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born near Gettysburg, Pa., Dec. i, 1796, and spent 
 the most of his youth near Wheeling, W. Va. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1823; studied theology privately and mainly 
 with his pastor, the Rev. James Harvey; was licensed in 
 1825, by the Pres. of Washington (Presbyterian) and was or- 
 dained Ap. 4, '26, by the Pres. of Lancaster; was pastor of 
 
2IO THE MINISTRY. 
 
 the Presbyterian Ch. at Pleasant Hill, Muskingum Co., O., 
 Ap., i826-'3i; joined the Asso. Ref. Second Pres. of Ohio in 
 the spring of 1831; was pastor of Plymouth, Vermillion and 
 Eden, in Richland Co., O., June 21, 1832-41; of Greenfield 
 and Fall Creek, O., 1841-51; of Unity, Adams Co., i854-'66; 
 was also Principal of the Grammar School in North Liberty, 
 Adams Co., 1851-3. Died at Wheat Ridge, Adams Co., O., 
 Ap. 10, 1880. 
 
 ARCHIBALD, George D., D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 15, 1820, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1847; studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Mar. 28, 1849, ^y the Pres. of Mononga- 
 hela, and ordained by the same June 25, '50; was pastor ot 
 Manchester, Allegheny Co., Pa., i850-'55; of Cincinnati, 
 1855-60; joined the Presbyterian Ch. in Jan., 1861, and was 
 in it pastor of the First Ch., Madison, Ind., i86i-'66; of 
 Westminster Ch., New York city, 1866-68; President of 
 Hanover College 1868-70; Prof, of Homiletics, Polity and 
 Pastoral Theology in Danville Theological Seminary, 1870- 
 '83, except one year, when the Seminary was suspended, dur- 
 ing which he was President of Wilson Female College, at 
 Chambersburg, Pa. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, James G., D. D.: 
 
 Was born July 24, 1836, in Ballymena, Ireland; was grad- 
 uated at Queen's College, Belfast, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed May 31, 1859, ^7 Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 15, '59, by Sidney; pastor of Sidney, O, Nov., 
 1859-Oct. 27, '63; of St. Louis, Mo., Nov., i863-'69. He 
 then joined the Protestant Episcopal Church, and was rector 
 of several Episcopal Churches, the last at Augusta, Ga. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Oct., 1828, at Leesburg, Mercer Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1853, ^^^^ studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Aug. 14, 1855, by the Pres. of Law- 
 rence, and ordained by the same Sept. 16, '56; was pastor of 
 Bethel and Beulah, in Mercer Co., 1 856-' 68; S. S. at Lees- 
 burg and Harbor i870-'73; pastor of Shenango, Oct. 12, 
 1875-Sept. II, ''']-]. Died June 25, 1879, at Greenville, Pa. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 211 
 
 ARMSTRONG, Robert (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Midholm, Roxborouglishire, Scotland, and 
 was graduated at the University of Edinburgh, and studied 
 theology with Archibald Bruce at Whitburn; was licensed in 
 the autumn of 1796 by the Asso. Pres. of Kelso, and ordained 
 June 15, '97, by the same. He was both licensed and or- 
 dained with the intention of going to America. In 1796 
 some Scotch Seceders, living near Lexington, Ky., applied to 
 the Synod for a preacher, and in answer Mr. Armstrong and 
 Mr. A. Fulton were sent in the summer of 1797. They tar- 
 ried during the subsequent winter in western Pennsylvania, 
 and arrived in Kentucky in the summer of 1798, and on the 
 28th of Nov. organized, according to instruction, the Pres. 
 of Kentucky, subordinate to the General Associate Synod of 
 Scotland. He was installed Ap. 23, 1799, as pastor of Davis' 
 Fork, Miller's Run and Cane Run, and so labored until the 
 autumn of 1804, when he and his three congregations became 
 so heartily sick of slavery that they rose en masse and mi- 
 grated to Greene Co. , O. Here they were organized into two 
 congregations, Massie's Creek and Sugar Creek, and on the 
 2d of Sept. the Presbytery ordered him to take charge of them 
 without the formality of re-installation. In 181 1 he gave up 
 the Sugar Creek branch, and continued at Massie's Creek 
 until January 9, 1821, when he resigned with the intention of 
 going to Flat Rock, Ind., but before he could accomplish this 
 he died Oct. 14, 182 1. He was remarkable for the smallness 
 of his body, both low in stature and slight in form, but pos- 
 sessed a vigorous mind and good acquirements, and received 
 a very respectable vote in the Synod of 182 1 as the only com- 
 petitor of Dr. Ramsay for the Professorship of Theology. 
 Publications: Some Letters to Friends in Scotland; A Ser- 
 mon on Romans viii. 32, and a Charge delivered at the in- 
 stallation of the Rev. W. Hume. 
 ARMSTRONG, Robert, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 13, 1813, at Faughanvale, in Ireland; was 
 graduated at the Western University Pa. in 1844, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 31, 1846, by the 
 Pres. of Monongahela, and ordained June 29, '47, by the same; 
 was pastor of Mount Gilead, Allegheny Co., Pa., June, 1847- 
 
212 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ^V- ^9) '53; of the Third Asso. Ref., Phila., Pa., May 15, 
 1855-N0V. 20, '60; of Newburgh, N. Y., Mar. 12, i86i-Oct. 
 21, '68; of Hoboken, N. J., Dec. 2, i868-Ap. 25, '71; was in- 
 stalled in the Second Ch., Jersey City, Jan. 10, 1872. Pnbli- 
 cations: Thirteen Reasons why a Christian should not be a 
 Free Mason, 1871; The Sabbath Vindicated, i6mo., 1880. 
 ARNOLD, George Cavit (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 19, 1825, i^ Allegheny Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1849, ^^^ studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 14, 1852, by the Pres. of Monongahela, and 
 ordained Jan. 10, '55, by Philadelphia; was pastor of the Sec- 
 ond Asso. Ref. congregation of Philadelphia, now the Fourth 
 U. P., from his ordination till his death. In Feb., 1863, he 
 had a severe hemorrhage of the lungs, which interrupted his 
 labors, and in Sept. he made a visit to western Wisconsin for 
 the sake of its climate, but receiving no benefit started on his 
 return to the East, and arrived in Chicago on Saturday, the 
 28th, and died there in a hotel on Monday, the 30th of Nov., 
 1863. He was tutor i849-'50, and subsequently declined the 
 Professorship of Mathematics in Jefferson College, and was 
 co-editor of the Christian Instructor 1859-62. He was a 
 writer of vigor and elegance, and contributed largely to the 
 periodical press. 
 ARNOTT, Andrew (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1722, in Portmoak, in Kinrosshire, Scotland; 
 was thoroughly educated and licensed by the Asso. Pres. of 
 Kinross; was ordained in 1752, and installed at Midholm; 
 came with Mr. Gellatly in 1753 to Lancaster Co., Pa., where 
 they organized the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania, Nov. 2, 1753. 
 After spending a year in missionary labors he returned in 
 1754 to Scotland, and resumed his charge at Midholm, where 
 he continued until his death, which occurred May 18, 1803. 
 ARNOTT, Moses (A.)*: 
 
 Was born June 18, 1820, in Cambridge, Washington Co., 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1841, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Canonsburg; was licensed June, 1845, ^Y Allegheny, 
 and ordained June 15, '46, by Cambridge Pres. ; was pastor 
 of Carmel and Bethel, in Jefferson Co., Ind., i847-'74. Died 
 at Hanover, Ind., July 3, 1874. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 213 
 
 ARTHUR, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Peebles, in Scotland, where his father was the 
 minister; entered the Anti-burgher Hall, then under William 
 Moncrieff, in 1781, and was there a class-mate of Archibald 
 Whyte and John Cree; was licensed in 1786, and soon after 
 emigrated to the U. S. It is not certainly known when and 
 by whom ordained, but was a member of the Asso. Ref. Pres. 
 of Pennsylvania in 1793, and passed in May, 1794, to the 
 Asso. Ref Pres. of New York, and during the summer sup- 
 plied Neelytown and connections, in Orange Co. On the 
 22d of Oct. he received a unanimous call from these churches, 
 with a salary "of ;^I50, parsonage, barn, sufficient land for 
 two horses, four cows, and smaller cattle in proportion." He 
 declined the call "for a variety of reasons which he could 
 not with propriety mention." In 1795 he joined the Presby- 
 terian Ch., and settled at Pequea, Pa., and died there in 1827. 
 
 ASHENHURST, James Young (A.): 
 
 Was born June 29, 1818, in Brown Co., O. ; was educated 
 at Franklin, and studied theology privately; was licensed 
 Oct. 28, 1844, by the Ref Dissenting Pres., and ordained by 
 the same May 19, '45; was pastor of Short Creek, Three 
 Ridges, Forks of Wheeling and Forks of Yough, May, 1845- 
 Oct., '52, when, having united with the Asso. Ch., he and 
 one or two others resigned their charges for the purpose of 
 combining feeble churches in the same neighborhood; was 
 pastor of Dalton, O., Ap., 1854-Oct., '56; was installed at 
 Haysville and Savannah Nov., 1856; resigned the latter in 
 '59 and the former in Nov., '72. Spent from the autumn of 
 1872 till May, '77, in exploring Mecklenberg Co., Va., and 
 in organizing and supplying Chase City and Stanton River. 
 Retired in May, 1877, because of ill-health, to Blaine, Bel- 
 mont Co., O. 
 
 ASHENHURST, JAMES OLIVER: 
 
 Son of James Y. Was born Aug. 11, 1861, at Haysville, 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1883, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 12, 1887, ^Y 
 Wheeling, and ordained Sept. 27, '87, by Mansfield, and in 
 Oct. sailed as missionary for Egypt. 
 
214 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ASHTON, Andrew Foster: 
 
 Was born in White Creek, Washington Co., N. Y., Feb. 
 17, 1837; was graduated at Westminster in 1861, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Mar. 29, 1864, by the Pres. 
 of Xenia, and ordained sine titulo Oct. 19, '66, by Michigan; 
 was S. S. two years in Centreville, Mich., and one year in 
 Vinton, Iowa; was pastor of Cabin Hill, Delaware Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 18, 1870-Jan., '74; at Mt. Pleasant, Butler Co., O., Ap. 
 7, 1874-Sept. 30, '84. 
 
 ATCHISON, John Mitchel: 
 
 Was born in Muskingum Co., O. ; was graduated at Musk- 
 ingum in 1869, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 in Ap., 1872, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Feb. 18, 
 ''']'^^ by Rock Island; pastor of Cedar Creek, Warren Co., 111., 
 Feb. 18, 1873-Jan. 3, '84; Irwin, Westmoreland Co., Pa., 
 Sept. I, 1884- 
 
 ATCHISON, Robert Ramsey*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 20, 1843, i^ Muskingum Co., O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1866, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 20, 1869, by the Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained Feb. 21, '71, by Mansfield; pastor at Fredericksburg, 
 O., Feb. 21, 1871-Oct. 15, '78. Died Oct. 6, 1882, of con- 
 sumption. 
 
 ATCHISON, Thomas Cunningham: 
 
 Was born Oct. 31, 1855, at Bloomfield, O. ; was graduated 
 at Muskingum in 1878, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed June 8, 1880, by Rock Island Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 12, '81, by Monongahela; pastor at Mansfield, Allegheny 
 Co., Pa., since ordination. 
 
 ATEN, Adrian (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 30, 1800, near New Castle, Henry Co., Ky., 
 whither his father had removed from his native place in 
 Washington Co., Pa. The family came from Holland, and 
 more remotely from Scotland, where the name was spelled 
 "Aytoun." He was graduated at the Ohio University, 
 Athens, in 1824; studied theology with the Rev. John 
 Thompson, of Springdale, Hamilton Co., and was licensed 
 by the Miami Pres. (Presbyterian) Ap. 10, 1826. On Nov. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 215 
 
 13, '27, he was ordained and installed by the same Pres. as 
 pastor of the church at "New Jersey," now Carlisle, Warren 
 Co., O. The next autumn he was encouraged by an out- 
 pouring of the Spirit, when eighty-one made a profession of 
 religion. He resigned in Oct., 1833; was of Springdale con- 
 gregation the pastor from 1834 till '41: served a church in 
 Rossville, Butler Co., for a year; was pastor of the congrega- 
 tion of Red Oak, Brown Co., from 1842 till '46, when, because 
 of the action of the Assembly of 1845 ^^pon slavery, he left 
 the Presbyterian Ch., and on the 8th of Dec, 1846, joined the 
 Asso. Ref Pres. of Chillicothe; was pastor of the Asso. Ref. 
 congregation at Springdale i848-'57; supplied the church at 
 Richmond, Wayne Co., Ind., 1858-66; was pastor of Vienna 
 congregation. Rush Co., Ind., 1 866-' 70, when from the in- 
 firmities of age he retired from the active duties of the minis- 
 try, and died Dec. 22, 1881, at Hamilton, O. During his 
 ministry he preached 5,010 times. During the first 20 years 
 he averaged 130 sermons per year; during the first 40 years 
 he averaged 113, and during the first 50 years the average was 
 over 99 per year. 
 ATEN, John Long: 
 
 Son of Adrian, was born at Glendale, Hamilton Co.. O. , 
 Aug. 7, 1836; was graduated at Miami in 1855, and studied 
 theology at Oxford; was licensed Ap. 8, 1857, ^7 ^^^ First 
 Pres. of Ohio (A. R.), and was ordained Feb. 8, '60, by Lake; 
 was pastor of Wayne congregation, Erie Co., Pa., Feb., 1860- 
 Feb., '63; of College Corner, Butler Co., O., Jan., 1864-Dec., 
 '75; of Cleveland, O., Ap. 11, 1876-June, '79; S. S., Madison, 
 Ind. 
 
 AUSTIN, James G. (A.): 
 
 Was born in Ireland; was educated at the Pennsylvania 
 University and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 June 26, 1844, by the Pres. of Philadelphia, and ordained 
 July 6, '48, by Cambridge; pastor of Hemmingsford and 
 Hinchinbrook, in Canada, July, 1848-July, '51; accepted, Ap. 
 16, 1861, a call from the congregation of Martin, in Michigan, 
 and arrangements were made for his installation, but, for pru- 
 dential reasons, it was subsequently postponed. On the nth 
 of Oct. he was suspended, and on the loth of Dec, 1861, de- 
 
2l6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 posed from the ministry and excommunicated from the 
 church by the Pres. of Michigan, and was lately engaged in 
 secular pursuits near Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 BAILEY, John Archibald: 
 
 Was born May 22, 1835, at Candor, Washington Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1859, ^^^^ studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 3, 1862, by Lake Pres., and 
 ordained by the same June 23, '63; was installed over George- 
 town, New Vernon and Rocky Spring June 23, 1863; was re- 
 leased from the last, Feb. 5, '67, and from the other two Feb. 
 2, '69; was pastor of Sidney, O., June 15, 1869-May 16, '76; 
 Wellsville, O. , Jan. 10, 1877-Dec. 12, '82; Sharon, Pa.. June 
 12, 1883- 
 
 BAILEY, Samuel M. : 
 
 Was born Sept. 18, 1848, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 educated at Westminster, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed May 2, 1876, by Frankfort Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 12, ''']']^ by Indiana, and was pastor of Shiloh congregation, 
 Henry Co., Ind., Ap. 1877-Jan. 3, '81; of Cadiz, O., June 14, 
 i88i-Jan. 26, '86; Clifton, Greene Co., O., Ap. 27, 1886- 
 
 BAIN, John Wallace: 
 
 Was born Ap. i, 1833, near Hanover, Ind.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1858, and studied theology at Xenia, O. ; 
 was licensed in Ap., 1859, ^Y ^^^ Pres. of Southern Indiana, 
 and ordained Nov. 12, '61, by Chartiers; was pastor of Can- 
 onsburg. Pa., Nov.,i86i-June, '67; of Sidney, O., Sept., 
 1867-Sept., '68; of New Castle, Pa., Sept, i868-Ap., '73; 
 Third Ch., Allegheny, Ap., 1873-June, '74; Chicago, 111., 
 July, 1874-June, ''^']^ and Hamilton, O., Oct. 1877-Mar. 3, '82. 
 Joined the Presbyterian Church and is pastor in Altoona, Pa. 
 Publications: God's Songs and the Singer; Secret Orders; 
 The Bible in the Schools; A Sermon on The Theatre; A 
 Sennon on Our Position on Communion; A Sermon in Reply 
 to Professor Swing's Weakness of Christianity; Several Ad- 
 dresses. 
 
 BAIRD, James Robertson: 
 
 Was born Ap. 23, 1828, at Lanark, Ontario, Canada; was 
 educated at Ottawa, and studied theology four years with 
 
THE MINISTRY. 217 
 
 Prof. H. B. Knight; was licensed in March, i860, by the 
 Wesleyan connection, came to the State of New York in 
 1862, and was ordained May 4, 1864 by the Wesleyan Church, 
 and labored in its ministry until June, 1881, when he joined 
 the United Presbyterian Church; pastor of Brockway and 
 Fremont, Mich, since June 10, 1884. 
 
 BAIRD, Thomas Frame*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 14, 1824, near Antrim, O. ; was graduated 
 at Madison College, Antrim, in 1856, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed June 28, 1859, by Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 23, '61, by Big Spring; was pastor 
 of Lower Chanceford, York Co., Pa., from his ordination 
 until his death, which occurred June 14, 1865, from brain 
 fever. 
 
 BALDRIDGE, Benjamin Logan (A. R.): 
 
 Twelfth and youngest son of the Rev. William; was born 
 Feb. 9, 1821, in Adams Co., O. ; was graduated at Miami in 
 1845, and studied theology at Oxford; was licensed in May, 
 1848, by the Pres. of Indiana, and ordained Jan. 10, '51, by 
 Michigan; was pastor of Centreville, Mich., Jan. 10, 1851- 
 autumn of '57; was sent by the Synod of 1857 ^^ ^ missionary 
 to Kansas, and laboring for some time in Leavenworth city, 
 organized a congregation and was settled as its pastor. This 
 relation was dissolved in May, 1866, was then chaplain of the 
 Kansas State Prison; and was, June 8, 1876, commissioned 
 as chaplain in the U. S. army. 
 
 BALDRIDGE, Samuel Caldwell (A. R.) :* 
 
 Son of the Rev. William; was born Feb. 18, 1801, in Rock- 
 bridge Co., Va. ; was graduated at Miami in 1826, in the first 
 class graduated by that institution; studied theology in Alle- 
 gheny in the second class entered under Dr. Kerr. He was 
 licensed Ap. 29, 1829, ^Y ^^^ First Pres. of Ohio, and or- 
 dained June 3, '30, by the same; took charge of the Asso. Ref. 
 Churches in Randolph Co., 111., in the spring of 1830, al- 
 though not formally installed, because of the remoteness of 
 the locality, until May, 1833, and then by the newly organ- 
 ized Pres. of Indiana. He resigned this charge in May, 1836; 
 was installed at Princeton, Ind. , in the spring of 1837, with 
 
 15 
 
2l8 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 whicli was associated for some time the congregation at 
 Carmi, 111.; resigned in 1853; was pastor of Providence con- 
 gregation, Jefferson Co., Ind., summer of 1856-61; of Sharon, 
 Wells Co., Ind., July, 1863-66; and died Aug. 4, 1867, near 
 Ogden, Henry Co., Ind. His last words were, "I am happy." 
 
 BALDRIDGE, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1760 in Lancaster Co., Pa., where his grand- 
 parents, Irish Covenanters, had settled in 1745; in 1764 his 
 parents removed to the Catawba river, in Lincoln Co., North 
 Carolina, and in 1776, at the age of sixteen, he joined a com- 
 pany of cavalry and served in the army to the end of the 
 Revolutionary war. He then commenced the study of the 
 languages with Rev. Robert Findley, and soon passed to 
 Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. , where he was graduated in 
 1790 at the head of a class of twelve. He studied theology 
 for a year with Mr. Dobbin, of Gettysburg, and finished with 
 Dr. Nesbit, of Carlisle, Pa. ; was licensed in the spring of 
 1792 by the Pres. of Pennsylvania, and ordained by the same 
 in Aug., '93; was pastor of the churches in the Forks of the 
 James River, Rockbridge Co., Va., 1793-Oct. 18, 1803; re- 
 mained as stated supply of these same congregations in con- 
 nection with Timber Ridge till June, 1809, when he ac- 
 cepted a call to Cherry Fork and West Fork, Adams Co., O., 
 where many of his families had gone; here he remained until 
 his death, which occurred Oct. 26, 1830, from "dropsy of the 
 chest." He was twice elected President of Washington Col- 
 lege, at Lexington, Va., but declined because the scarcity of 
 ministers would not warrant his withdrawal from active min- 
 isterial work. Publications: Three Sermons ;in the Pulpit of 
 the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 
 BALDRIDGE, Wilson Reid: 
 
 Was born in 1857, in McLean Co., 111., and joined the 
 church of White Oak Grove when twelve years old; was grad- 
 uated in 1879, ^t Monmouth, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed April 4, 1882, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained 
 Sep. 12, '82, by Bloomington; pastor of Piper City, Ford Co., 
 111., Sep. 12, 1882-Sep. 12, '83; S. S. of Mitchel, Neb., 
 1883-7; pastor St. Charles, Madison Co., la., May, 1887- 
 
THR MINISTRY. 219 
 
 B ALLANTINE, James (A. ) * : 
 
 Was born in Dec. 1819, in county Antrim, Ireland, and in 
 1828 his father came to America and the family followed in 
 1831; settled in Canonsburg, Pa., and connected themselves 
 with the Asso, Ref congregation. He learned a trade and 
 married, and, by working at his trade, acquired the means to 
 defray the expenses of his education. He was educated at 
 Jefferson, but not graduated, and, having transferred his ec- 
 clesiastical connection to the Asso. Church, he studied the- 
 ology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 15, 1847, ^Y Char- 
 tiers Pres. ; was ordained Sep. 19, '48, by Cambridge, and 
 installed pastor at West Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., 
 where he died Oct. 24, 1849, from pneumonia. 
 BALPH, Thomas, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 17, 1831, in Butler Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Butler Academy, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 29, 1863, by Butler Pres., and ordained Oct. 30, 
 '64, by Chartiers; was pastor at Mount Prospect, Washington 
 Co., Pa., Oct. 30, 1864-Ap. 30, '74; and at St. Clairsville, O., 
 since Jan. 26, 1875. He was eight years a teacher, and was 
 county superintendent of Butler in 1857, and had been or- 
 dained a ruling elder Jan., 1858, by Dr. Niblock, in Butler. 
 
 BANKS, John, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in or about the year 1763, in Sterling, Scotland; 
 received a thorough classical and theological education, and 
 was settled for a short time as a pastor in the Associate Pres- 
 bytery of Edinburgh. He came to this country in 1796, and 
 for a year supplied the Asso. congregation in New York, left 
 vacant by the resignation of Mr. Cree; was pastor of Cam- 
 bridge (Coila), Washington Co., N. Y., Sep., 1799-June, 1802; 
 of Florida, Montgomery Co., Sep. 30, 1803-Feb., '16; S. S. 
 in Philadelphia i8i6-'i8, and then pastor June 1818-April 
 '26. He opened a classical school in Philadelphia, and also 
 took charge of the preparatory department in the University 
 of Pennsylvania, and taught a private class in Hebrew, com- 
 posed mainly of city ministers. At the division of the Asso- 
 ciate Seminary into eastern and western he was elected, in 
 May, 1820, as professor of the eastern, in Philadelphia. As 
 a Hebraist he had no superior in this country. He wrote the 
 
220 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 language with great ease, and could quote from memory from 
 almost any part of the Hebrew Bible, April lo, 1826, he 
 died very suddenly from apoplexy. Publication : A Sermon 
 on the Unsearchable Riches of Christ, preached in 1802 at 
 the ordination of Thomas Hamilton. 
 BANKS, Joseph (A.):* 
 
 Son of Rev. Dr. John; was born July 27, 1806, at Florida, 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 
 1823; studied theology with his father imtil his death, in 
 1826; was licensed Oct. i, 1828, by the Pres. of Philadelphia, 
 and ordained Oct. 15, '31, by the Pres. of the Carolinas; was 
 pastor of Bethany and Sardis, in S. C, and Pisgah and Nob 
 Creek, in N. C, Oct., i83i-'33; was settled in the congrega- 
 tions of Northfield, Stow and Springfield, in Summit Co., O., 
 i834-'39; was chaplain of the Western Penitentiary of Penn- 
 sylvania; was missionary in the island of Trinidad i843-'5i; 
 in 185 1 he established The Frietid of Missions^ a semi- 
 monthly paper, and died in Mercer, Pa., April 8, 1859, from 
 consumption. 
 
 BARCLAY, David: 
 
 Was born Jan. 27, 1836, in Moorfield, Harrison Co., Ohio; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1857, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed June 24, 1864, by the Pres. of Wheel- 
 ing, and ordained by the same, sine tihdo^ July 6, '65; was 
 installed June 25, 1867, in Hebron congregation, by the Pres- 
 bytery of Monongahela. Publication: Chapter H of the His- 
 tory of Monongahela Presbytery. 
 BARCLAY, Joseph B. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1820 in Ireland; was graduated at Franklin 
 in 1848, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 Oct. 12, 1851, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained by the 
 same in July, '52, and installed pastor of Glade Run and West 
 Union, and Calcutta. October i, 1857, he was deposed from 
 the ministry " for immorality of conduct." He was, July 2, 
 1861, restored by the Presbytery of Mercer, was pastor of 
 Centre congregation, Mercer Presbytery, Ap., 1862-68; 
 moved to Lee's Summit, Mo., in 1871, and soon afterward 
 abandoned the ministry and became engaged in secular busi- 
 ness in or near Kansas City, Mo., where he died Nov. 13, 1880. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 221 
 
 BARCROFT, Ambrose (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1805 in Blount Co., Tenn. ; was graduated 
 at Washington College, in Washington Co., Tenn., and stud- 
 ied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed July 26, 1842, by 
 Chartiers Pres., and ordained by Illinois in the autumn of '43, 
 and installed at Apple Creek, 111., where he died in the au- 
 tumn of 1844. 
 BARNES, John Gibson *: 
 
 Was born Dec. 4, 1833, in Mercer Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1856, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 4, 1861, by Mercer Pres., and ordained Aug. 
 12, '62, by Allegheny; was pastor at West Union and Glade 
 Run, Allegheny Co., Pa., 1 862-' 70; of the First Church, 
 Monmouth, 111., 1870, until his death, which took place March 
 16, 1880, from consumption. 
 BARNES, Robert Hanna : 
 
 Was born in Mercer Co., Pa. ; graduated at Monmouth in 
 1873, ^"^ studied theology at Monmouth and Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 15, 1874, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained June 
 23, ^'j^^ by Keokuk; pastor of Keota, Keokuk Co., la., June 
 23, 1875-June 5, '82; Tarkio, Atchison Co., Mo., Dec. i, '82 
 -'85, and York, Page Co., la., June 5, '82- 
 BARNETT, James, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 16, 1817, in Hanover, Dauphin Co., Pa., 
 but his parents soon after that moved to Butler and then War- 
 ren Co., Ohio. They left the Presbyterian and joined the 
 Asso. Ref. Ch., from attachment to the Old Psalms. He was 
 graduated at Miami in 1839, and studied theology at Oxford; 
 was licensed in Ap., 1842, by the First Pres. of Ohio, and 
 traveled over 3,000 miles in Illinois and Iowa in a tour of mis- 
 sionary prospecting; was chosen by General Synod, in the 
 spring of 1844, ^s missionary to Palestine, and was ordained 
 July 23, by his Presbytery, and sailed in Jan., 1845, landed at 
 Beirut, Syria, Feb. 18, and after commencing the study of 
 the Arabic language, and prospecting the country, began 
 mission work in Damascus in 1846. In Dec, 1854, he re- 
 moved to Egypt, and, with the Rev. Thomas McCague, 
 founded the mission in Cairo. In 1875 he retired from the 
 mission and returned home, and as health allowed labored in 
 
222 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 the home missionary field, principally at Emporia, Lyon Co., 
 Kan., until his death, Oct. 2, 1884, from cystitis. 
 BARR, James Smith, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Dec. 22, 1832, in Somerset township, Washing- 
 ton Co., Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1858, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed by the Pres. of Chartiers 
 June 19, i860, and being appointed the next spring as mis- 
 sionary to India, was ordained June 25, '61, by Chartiers; 
 sailed Sept. 23, and arrived at Sialkot, in Northern India, in 
 December. He is still stationed there, and is specially en- 
 gaged as a theological teacher of native young men preparing 
 for the ministry. 
 BARR, William Bicket: 
 
 Was born Nov. 10, 1851, at McAlevy's Fort, Huntingdon 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 1875, studied the- 
 ology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 23, 1878, by 
 the Pres. of Big Spring, and ordained June 10, '79, by Butler; 
 pastor of Springfield three-fourths and Pine Grove one-fourth 
 time, June 10, 1879-Ap. 28, '85; New Brighton, Pa., July 14, 
 1885- 
 BARR, William Wilson, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 11, 1832, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1855, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed June 15, 1858, by the Pres. of Chartiers, and or- 
 dained Sept. 28, 1859, by the Asso. Pres. of Philadelphia; has 
 been pastor of the Eighth United Presbyterian Ch., Phila- 
 delphia, since his ordination. Was editor of the Evangelical 
 Repository 1860-1879, and co-editor of the Ou^istian Instruc- 
 tor for a number of years, and Moderator of the General As- 
 sembly of 1875. Publications: Secret Societies, pp. 21; 
 Christian Beneficence, pp. 8; The Psalms and their Use, pp. 
 14; How to keep the Sabbath, pp. 12; Historical Sketch of 
 the Eighth United Presbyterian Ch., Philadelphia, pp. 12. 
 BASFIELD, Titus (A. and Colored)*: 
 
 Was born a slave in 1806, in Virginia, and after being 
 taken to Blount Co., Tenn., was purchased and freed by the 
 Rev. David Carson; was educated at Franklin, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 29, 1842, by Musk- 
 ingum Pres., and ordained in Ap., '50, by Ohio; was en- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 223 
 
 gaged for nearly twenty years as missionary in Canada West 
 among the fugitive slaves that had located there. Declined 
 the union in 1858, and retired in feeble health to Washington, 
 la., where he died Ap. 17, 1881. In i860 he published an 
 Avitobiography, pp. 75. 
 BAUGH, John M: 
 
 Was born in Highland Co. , O. ; was graduated at Mon- 
 mouth in 1865, and studied theology at Monmouth; was 
 licensed in May, 1865, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 25, '66, by Bloomington; pastor of Biggsville, 111,, i866-'67; 
 of Bloomington, 111., 1868-69; ^^ Chicago, 1869-Ap. 2, '73. 
 Joined the Presbyterian Ch. , and is pastor at Oskaloosa, la. 
 
 BEARD, James D. : 
 
 Was born in Union Co., O. ; educated at Franklin and 
 studied theology privately; was licensed in the spring of 1862 
 by the Des Moines Pres., and ordained by the same in the 
 spring of '64; was pastor of Centreville, Appanoose Co., la., 
 1 864-' 66; deposed from the ministry in Oct., 1866. 
 BEGGS, Isaac (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1800 in Mercer Co., Pa.; studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed Aug. 8, 1826, by Ohio Pres., 
 and ordained by the same Sept. 19, '27; was pastor of Mercer, 
 Springfield and Rocky Springs, in Mercer Co., Pa., Sept., 
 i827-'36; was deposed from the ministry in 1839 for im- 
 morality; taught school for a short time in the south, after 
 which he returned to Butler Co. and died. 
 BELL, James R. *: 
 
 Was born in Mercer Co. , Pa. ; graduated at Westminster in 
 1857, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 24, 
 i860, by the Pres. of Xenia, and ordained Oct. 11, '61 by 
 Michigan; was pastor of Salem, Boone Co., Ind., i86i-'7o; 
 of Elvaston, Hancock Co., 111., 1871-Ap. i, '73, when he 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch. and took the congregation with 
 him, and continued pastor until his death, Sept. 3, 1883. 
 
 BERRY, Samuel P. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1823 ^^ the bounds of Robinson Run congre- 
 gation, Allegheny Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 
 1844, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 
 
224 'I'HE MINISTRY. 
 
 29, 1847, ^y Monongahela Pres., and ordained Dec. 27, '49, 
 by First Ohio, and installed at Mt. Pleasant, Butler Co., O., 
 and died Dec. 9, 1850, of consumption. Publication: A Ser- 
 mon in Vol. I of the Pulpit of the Associate Reformed Church. 
 BEST, John William : 
 
 Was born Mar. 12, 1850, near Clarksville, Mercer Co. , Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1875, and studied theology 
 at New Haven, Conn., and Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 27, 
 1878, by Mercer Pres., and ordained June 14, '81, by Steuben- 
 ville; pastor of West Beaver, and New Lebanon, Columbiana 
 Co., O., since June 14, 1881. 
 BEVERIDGE, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 9, 1796, at Kirkaldy, Scotland, and settled 
 in Newburgh, N. Y., in 1818, and was ordained a ruling 
 elder in the Asso. Ref congregation of that place in 1823. 
 He was received as a student of theology by the Pres. of New 
 York in 1826, and spent the session of 1827 i^ ^^^^ ^^f- Dutch 
 Seminary at New Brunswick, N. J. His studies were then 
 intermitted until the opening of the Seminary at Newburgh, 
 where he completed his course; was licensed Jan. 4, 1832, by 
 the Pres. of New York, and ordained sine titulo Nov. 8, '32, 
 by Caledonia; was S. S. at Erin, in Chemung Co., N. Y., 
 1833-36, and pastor 1836-May 14, '51, and died Mar. 4, 
 1855, in Newburgh, of heart disease, 
 BEVERIDGE, Thomas (A.)*: 
 
 Was born at Eastside, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1749; was 
 graduated at one of the Scottish universities; studied theol- 
 ogy with William Moncrieff, of Alloa; soon after licensure he 
 became assistant of Adam Gib, of Edinburgh; was ordained 
 in the early spring of 1784 by the Asso. Pres, of Edinburgh, 
 and immediately sailed for America; joined the Asso, Pres. 
 of Pennsylvania May 4, of the same year; itinerated for sev- 
 eral years and organized churches in Cambridge and in New 
 York city; was installed as pastor of Cambridge, N. Y,, with 
 one-fourth of his time in South Argyle, Sept, 10, 1789, In 
 1784 he drafted the Narrative and Testimony of the Associate 
 Church, In the month of June, 1798, Mr. Beveridge set out 
 for Barnet, in Vermont, to assist Mr. Goodwillie at his com- 
 munion, and was taken ill with dysentery by the way. Still 
 
THE MINISTRY. 225 
 
 he preached on Saturday, assisted at the communion on Sab- 
 bath, although so ill that he had to sit, and preached on Sab- 
 bath evening. He was confined to his bed for the next three 
 weeks," during which time Mr. Goodwillie was very ill from 
 the same disease, and two of his children had died. On the 
 last Sabbath of his life Mr. Beveridge found a considerable 
 number of people in the house, drawn thither from sympathy 
 with the afflicted family, and raised himself up in bed, and 
 after prayer and praise, preached an excellent sermon, an 
 hour in length, from Psalm xxxi. 23: "O love the Lord, all 
 ye His saints. ' ' His disease was greatly aggravated by the 
 exertion, and at the dawn the next morning he said, "I am 
 a dying man, and am dying fast; are you not also persuaded 
 I am dying?" Being answered affirmatively he said, "It is 
 well; I am not afraid to die." He called the family around 
 him to pray with them for the last time. He prayed audibly 
 for the Church of Christ in general, the Secession body in 
 particular, his own congregation, and especially the younger 
 portion of it, his brethren in the ministry, Mr. Marshall, of 
 Philadelphia, and Mr. Goodwillie by name, and for all those 
 who had ministered to him in his illness. He then solemnly 
 committed his own soul into his Redeemer's hands, and con- 
 cluded, in allusion to David's words at the close of the 72d 
 Psalm, with these words : ' ' The prayers of Tho?nas Beveridge 
 are now ettdedy In the afternoon he asked Mr. Goodwillie if 
 he knew when the Son of Man would come. He replied that 
 he thought it would be about ten o'clock, or at furthest about 
 cock-crowing, and the answer proved prophetic, for just at 
 ten, on the night of the 23d of July, he expired without a 
 struggle or a groan. Of him his son. Dr. Beveridge, says, 
 "Those who best remember his ministry all unite in testifying 
 that he did not excel as an orator. He^ retained his Scotch 
 pronunciation, and, although of a mild disposition, it is said 
 that in his public speaking his manner was sometimes severe 
 and stern. In more important things, however, his qualifica- 
 tions for the ministry were beyond the ordinary standard, and 
 his ministerial labors, both in the pulpit and out of it, were 
 held in much esteem." 
 
226 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 BEVERIDGE, Thomas, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Son of Rev. Thomas; was born in Cambridge, N. Y., Oct. 
 9, 1796; was graduated at Union in 1814; studied theology 
 with Dr. John Anderson; was licensed by the Pres. of Char- 
 tiers Aug. 18, 1819; was ordained by the Asso. Pres. of Ken- 
 tucky Jan. 9, '21, and installed pastor of the congregations of 
 Xenia and Sugar Creek, O. ; resigned, because of ill-health, 
 in Feb., 1824; itinerated for three years; located as S. S. in 
 Philadelphia in Feb., 1827, ^^^ ^^^^ installed as pastor in 
 June, 1828; in Oct., 1835, he was elected Professor in the 
 Associate Theological Seminary in Canonsburg, Pa. , and re- 
 signed his pastoral charge in Nov. and moved there; in addi- 
 tion to his duties in the Seminary he became pastor of a 
 church in Washington, which he served until the autumn of 
 1849, and was then co-pastor with Dr. Anderson, of the con- 
 gregation of Miller's Run (Venice), till the removal of the 
 Seminary, in 1855, to Xenia, O. ; he resigned his professor- 
 ship Oct. 14, 1871, and was retired on a pension. He died in 
 Xenia, May 30, 1873. He was a man of fine culture and great 
 symmetry of character. Publications: His sermons and lec- 
 tures were carefully written out, but he published nothing 
 except through the pages of the Religious Monitor^ to which 
 he often contributed. He also labored for years upon a new 
 Metrical Version of the Psalms. 
 
 BEVERIDGE, Thomas Hanna, (A.)*: 
 
 Son of Dr. Thomas; was born in Philadelphia, Mar. 31, 
 1830; was graduated at Jefferson in 1847; studied theology in 
 Canonsburg; was licensed by the Presbytery of Chartiers Oct. 
 29, 1850, and ordained by Philadelphia Oct. 31, 1853, and in- 
 stalled pastor of a newly organized congregation in Philadel- 
 phia; in 1858 he became assistant editor of the Evangelical 
 Repository^ and died suddenly, while on a short visit to friends 
 in the country, Aug. 15, i860, from congestion of the brain. 
 Publications: A Biography of the Rev. Thomas Beveridge 
 Hanna; two or three sermons. He also transcribed for the 
 press and edited ' ' Lectures on Theology, ' ' by Dr. A. Ander- 
 son. 
 
 BIDDIvE, Arney Silvanus: 
 
 Was born June 12, 1848, in Mercer County, Pa.; was grad- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 227 
 
 iiated at Monmouth in 1872, and studied theology at the sem- 
 inaries in Monmouth, Newburgh and Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 14, 1874, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained Sept. 21, 
 1875, by Delaware; pastor at Cabin Hill, Delaware Co., N. 
 Y., Sept., 1875-Feb., 1879; First Jersey City, N. J., congre- 
 tion, Feb., 1879-June 20, '82; Summit Ave., Jersey City, 
 since Aug. i, 1882. 
 
 BIGGER, Matthew, (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born at New Concord, O. ; was educated at Muskingum, 
 and studied theology in Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 11, 
 1850, by the Second Pres. of Ohio, and ordained in June, '54, 
 by Second Illinois, and installed pastor of Pope Creek con- 
 gregation; was released in '60; was chaplain of the 50th Illi- 
 nois regiment 1861-1865; supplied in Illinois and Missouri 
 till 1870, when he joined the Presbyterian Ch., and died Dec. 
 21, 1872, as pastor of the Presbyterian Ch. at Bushnell, 111. 
 
 BIGGER, Samuel: 
 
 Was born at Bavington, Washington Co., Pa., Ap. 7, 1842; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1864, and studied theology 
 at Xenia and Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 4, 1866, by the 
 Presbytery of Monmouth; was ordained and installed as pas- 
 tor of Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y., Sept. 29, 1868, by 
 the Presbytery of Argyle; and resigned Sept. 7, '80; pastor 
 at Greenwich, same Co., Nov. 15, 1880-5. Joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. in 1886. Publication : A History of the Put- 
 nam congregation. 
 
 BIGHAM, James Cunningham: 
 
 Was born May 24, 1830, at Millersburg, O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1852; studied theology privately; was licensed 
 Sept. 23, 1853, ^y the Free Presbyterian Presbytery of Cen- 
 tral Ohio; was ordained by the Free Presbytery of Mahon- 
 ing Oct. 10, '55, si7ie titulo; was stated supply of the Free 
 Pres. congregation of Neshannock, Pa., Jan., 1855-Jan., ''(i']\ 
 joined the United Presbyterian Church ; pastor of New Bren- 
 ton. 111., Ap., i867-'74; was installed pastor of Plain Grove 
 and Leesburg, Pa., Dec. 20, 1877. Publications: A Sermon, 
 ' ' The Spoiler Spoiled ;' ' A Sermon, ' ' Choosing Civil Rulers ;' ' 
 A Sermon, "That Day;" Eight Papers on "Secret Oath- 
 
228 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Bound Societies." Also editor of the Free Presbyterian 
 
 Monthly i86c^'65. 
 
 BIRNBACH, Conrad Rudolph: 
 
 Was born Aug. 4, 1858, in Berlin, Germany; was gradu- 
 ated in 1877, at King William's Gymnasium, Berlin, and 
 studied theology in the University of Berlin, and took a post- 
 graduate course at Kampen, in the Netherlands; taught an- 
 cient languages at Elberfeldand Ploetzensee 1880-1; licensed 
 in Dec, 1881, by the Secession Classis of Kampen, came to 
 the U. S. in 1884, and was ordained Jan. 10, 1885, by the 
 German Reformed Classis of Cincinnati; joined the United 
 Presbyterian Church in June, 1885; and transferred in Ap., 
 1886, to the Asso. Ref. Ch. of the South. 
 BISHOP, Robert Hamilton, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born July 26, 1777, in the parish of Whitburn, Lin- 
 lithgowshire, Scotland; was graduated at the University of 
 Edinburgh in 1798, and studied theology four years with Pro- 
 fessor Lawson, at Selkirk; was appointed by the Burgher 
 Synod, Ap. , 1802, to go with Dr. Mason to America, in view 
 of which he was licensed June 28, 1802, by the Associate Bur- 
 gher Presbytery of Perth; sailed in Sept. from Greenock with 
 Dr. Mason and Rev. Messrs. Scrimgeour, Calderhead, Forrest, 
 Easton and Laurie, and attended the Asso. Ref Synod in 
 Oct. in New York, by which he was appointed to Kentucky, 
 where he arrived in March. In the summer of 1803 he re- 
 ceived and accepted a call to the congregations of Ebenezer, 
 Jessamine Co. , and New Providence, Mercer Co. ; at the same 
 time he was elected to a professorship in the Transylvania 
 University at Lexington, which was fifteen miles distant from 
 Ebenezer and twenty-seven from New Providence. When he 
 gave his trials for ordination, in the spring of 1805, the Pres- 
 bytery refused to ordain him unless he would resign his pro- 
 fessorship, upon the ground that it would interfere with his 
 usefulness to the Asso. Ref. Church, to which he owed all his 
 labors. He demurred, and was prosecuted and rebuked by 
 Presbytery. Upon a reference to Synod it was decided that 
 resignation was not indispensable, and that the Presbytery 
 must proceed to ordination. After a year's further delay the 
 Pres. of Kentucky did ordain and install him in June, 1808. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 229 
 
 In i8i2 the Pres. appointed Messrs. Bishop and Rankin to 
 draft a circular letter to the churches on the duty of support- 
 ing the gospel. This letter, written by Mr. Bishop, advocated 
 the tithe law, and became the occasion of a permanent breach 
 between him and Mr. Rankin, and led to the dissolution of 
 his pastoral relation to the Ebenezer congregation, in Oct., 
 1814. In the autumn of 181 1 Mr. Bishop, in connection 
 with three other clergymen, commenced the publication of a 
 religious monthly, which continued for two years, called the 
 "Evangelical Record and Western Review." In the second 
 volume Mr. Bishop published a defence of the circular letter, 
 in which he made grave charges against Mr. Rankin. For 
 this he was called to account by his Presbytery, which re- 
 fused to allow him to justify himself by proving the truth 
 of his charges, upon the ground that whether true or false 
 it was a censurable offence to spread them out before the 
 public instead of proceeding according to the discipline of the 
 church. He was consequently suspended from the ministry 
 in Oct., 1815. He refused submission and appealed to the 
 General Synod, which, in May, 1816, set aside the proceed- 
 ings of the Presbytery as irregular, and directed it to rebuke 
 Mr. Bishop for bringing a grievous charge against a brother 
 in public print. He refused to receive a rebuke, and for- 
 warded his reasons to Synod, which, in 181 7, appointed a 
 committee to proceed to Kentucky and gather and report the 
 facts. This commiteee did nothing, so the General Synod, 
 in May, 1818, appointed a Cormnission^ consisting of J. M. 
 Mason, Ebenezer Dickey and John Lind, ministers, and John 
 Kennedy, of Hagerstown, Md., Silas E. Weir, of Philadel- 
 phia, and Gov. Jeremiah Morrow, of Ohio, to repair to Lex- 
 ington, with full powers to take testimony and issue the case. 
 A quorum met in September, and required Mr. Bishop to sub- 
 mit to the rebuke previously ordered, and then called upon 
 him to prefer his charges. This he did, and after his tes- 
 timony was all given in Mr. Rankin requested eight days to 
 prepare his defence. At the end of that time he handed in a 
 paper declining the authority of the commission. The trial 
 went on, and issued in a rebuke to Mr. Bishop and the suspen- 
 sion of Mr. Rankin from the ministry. 
 
230 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 During a year of these troubles he devoted his Sabbaths to 
 the instruction of the negroes, and established a Sabbath- 
 school, the first one organized for their benefit, in Lexington. 
 In Oct., 1819, he left the Asso, Ref. Ch. and joined the Pres- 
 byterian, and was S. S. to the McCord Ch., in Lexington, 
 1819-1823. In the autumn of 1824 he accepted the presi- 
 dency of Miami University at Oxford, O., and was inaugu- 
 rated Mar. 30, '25. In 1825 ^^ organized a Presbyterian Ch. 
 in Oxford, and supplied it until 1831, and continued to preach 
 to the students in the chapel as long as he remained at the 
 head of the University. He resigned the presidency in 1841, 
 although he held the professorship of history and political 
 science three years longer. In the autumn of 1844 ^^ re- 
 moved to Pleasant Hill, near Cincinnati, and took charge of 
 the "Farmers' College." On Thursday, Ap. 26, 1855, he 
 heard his class as usual, but on going to the college on Fri- 
 day morning his strength failed him so that he could make 
 no exertion. He lingered on till 5 o'clock Sabbath morning, 
 when he died. Mrs. Bishop, who had come with him from 
 Scotland, died two weeks afterwards. He was a man of great 
 power in the pulpit, and exceedingly gifted in prayer. Pub- 
 lications: A volume of Sermons, 1808, the first volume of 
 sermons printed west of the Allegheny mountains: Memoirs 
 of David Rice, 1824; Elements of Logic, 1833; Sketches of 
 the Philosophy of the Bible, 1833; Elements of the Science of 
 Government, 1839; The Western Peacemaker, 1839; Several 
 Special Sermons and Addresses, and liberal contributions to 
 the periodical press. 
 BLACK, Andrew M., D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Ap. i, 1814, near Belfast in Ireland; was edu- 
 cated at Franklin and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed in July, 1845, t»y Muskingum Pres. , and ordained 
 Nov. 5, '46, by the same; was pastor of Mount Pleasant, Jef- 
 ferson Co., O., Nov., 1846-53; and a stated supply for 
 neighboring churches while at New Wilmington and Mon- 
 mouth; was teacher in the academy at New Concord and in 
 Muskingum College 1 836-' 40; Prof, in Franklin College 
 i840-'53; in Westminster College i853-'64; in Monmouth 
 College and Seminary 1864-74. He also taught in different 
 
THE MINISTRY. 23 1 
 
 Other places for four years, making in all forty-two years em- 
 ployed in teaching. For the improvement of his health he 
 retired to the mountainous regions of West Virginia, where 
 he is engaged in secular business. 
 
 BLACK, James Ewing: 
 
 Was born in Adams Co., O. ; was graduated at Lincoln 
 College, Mo., and studied theology at Newburgh; was licensed 
 May 8, 1877, by the First Pres. of New York, and ordained 
 Nov. II, '78, by Big Spring; pastor of Mercersburg, Frank- 
 lin Co., and the Cove, Fulton Co., Pa., 1878-Mar., '83; Cal- 
 edonia, Ind., Sept. 9, 1886- 
 BLACK, James Knox: 
 
 Was born Feb. 25, 1825, in Fairfield Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at the Ohio University in 1855, and studied theology at 
 Oxford and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 7, 1858, by the First 
 Pres. of Ohio, and ordained sine titulo July 30, '61, by the 
 same; spent ten years in the missionary field of Minnesota 
 and Iowa, especially at Owatonna and Chariton ; then at Cali- 
 fornia, Mich.; pastor at Portland Mills, Ind., Nov. 6, 1883- 
 Ap. 15, '85. 
 
 BLACK, James P. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 8, 1837, near Savannah, Ashland Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1858, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap, 9, 1861, by Mansfield, and or- 
 dained June 26, '64, by Des Moines; was pastor of Albia and 
 Service, Monroe Co., la., 1864-Ap., '66; of Boonsboro' and 
 Jacksonville, in the Conemaugh Pres., 1877-9, and S. S. in 
 different fields; pastor at Hiawatha, Kansas, Ap. 5, 1881- 
 Sept. 26, '82; joined the Presbyterian Ch. and is in Nebraska. 
 Publication: The Saviour's Peace, a tract, 1877. 
 
 BLACK, John F. : 
 
 Was born in Butler Co. , Pa. ; graduated at Washington and 
 Jefferson in 1866, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 11, 1872, by Butler Pres., and ordained Ap. 21, 
 '74, by First Ohio; was pastor at Oxford, O., Ap., 1874-Oct. 
 2, '78; S. S. Oshkosh, Wis., i882-'85. 
 BLACK, Samuel M. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 21, 1846, at Paris, Washington Co., Pa.; 
 
232 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1868, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 19, 1 871, by Frankfort Pres., 
 and ordained sine titulo June 24, '73, by Lake; was pastor of 
 Evansburg and Watson's Run, Crawford Co., Pa., June 24, 
 1873-July 14, '74; Summit, Lake Pres. i875-'77; and Johns- 
 town, Cambria Co., Pa., Ap. 25, i878-'8i; West Fairfield 
 and New Florence, Westmoreland Co., Dec. 12, 1881- 
 
 BLACK, William Alexander (A.): 
 
 Was born in Letter Kenny, Donegal Co., Ireland; was 
 graduated at Duquesne College in 1848, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 15, 1851, by the Pres. of 
 Allegheny, and ordained Aug. 29, '54, by Shenango; was 
 pastor of East Unity and Shenango 1854-58; of Mt. Varnum 
 and West Unity i860-' 65; and Mt. Varnum with Cherry Run 
 till 1873. 
 
 BLACKSTOCK, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born at Ballynahinch, in Ireland; educated in Scot- 
 land; licensed by an Asso. Pres. in Ireland; supplied for 
 some time the church in Ballynahinch, and, coming to 
 America, landed Dec. 25, 1792, at Charleston, S. C. ; was or- 
 dained June 8, '94, by the Pres. of the Carolinas and Georgia; 
 was pastor of Steele Creek, Ebenezer and Neeley Creek, S. 
 C, 1794-1804; was S. S. of New Perth, New Sterling and 
 Rocky Spring i8o4-'ii; was subsequently settled at Wax- 
 haws, N. C, and again at Tirzah, S. C, where he died in 
 1830 or 1831. 
 
 BLAIKIE, Alexander, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 4, 1804, in Pictou, Nova Scotia; was edu- 
 cated at the Pictou Academy, and studied theology in the 
 Seminary of the United Presbyterian Ch. of Nova Scotia; 
 was licensed June 28, 1830, by Pictou Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 10, '31, by the same; came to the U. S. and labored as 
 a home missionary for two years, principally in founding 
 churches in the West, under the auspices of the Asso. Ref. 
 Ch. ; was pastor in York, Livingston Co., N. Y., Jan., 1836- 
 Feb., '45; commenced May 20, 1846, to establish an Asso. 
 Ref. congregation in Boston, Mass. , and was installed as its 
 pastor July 18, 1847, ^^^ resigned, in consequence of age, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 233 
 
 July 13, 1880. Died in Philadelphia, Dec. 31, 1885. Publi- 
 cations: Philosophy of Sectarianism, 1854, i2mo., pp. 362; 
 The Schools, a pamphlet, 1853; A Catechism on Praise, 1853; 
 The Organ and other Instruments, 1862; Francis and Isaac; 
 Histor}^"of Presbyterianism in New Engiand for 200 years, 
 i2mo. , pp. 512, 1881. 
 
 BLAIN, Wilson (A. R,)*: 
 
 Was born Mar, 2, 1813, in Ross Co., O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1835, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap, 18, 1838, by the Pres. of Chillicothe, and 
 ordained Oct. 17, '39, by the same; pastor of Hebron, Porter 
 Co., Ind., i842-'47; in May, 1847, was appointed by General 
 Synod as missionary to Oregon; started overland in the spring 
 of 1848, and in the autumn arrived at Oregon city, where he 
 remained two years and organized a congregation. In 1850 
 he removed to Union Point, Linn Co., and organized a 
 church, of which he was pastor i853-'6i. He was a member 
 of the Legislature for three years; was several years editor of 
 the Spectator^ the only newspaper in the territory, and main- 
 tained an academy i852-'56. He died Feb. 22, 1861, from a 
 tumor in the left lumbar region of over eight pounds weight. 
 BLAIR, David (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 21, 1787, in Antrim Co., Ireland, and came 
 to the U. S. in 1802; was educated at Jefferson, and studied 
 theology with Dr. John Anderson at Service, Pa. ; was 
 licensed Aug. 29, 1816, by Chartiers Pres. ; accepted, May 2, 
 181 7, a call from "the congregations north of Conemaugh," 
 upon the condition of receiving and being permitted to fill 
 appointments for one year in the south; Oct. 14, 1818, was 
 ordained and installed by the Pres. of Chartiers as pastor of 
 the United Congregations of Conemaugh, Crooked Creek 
 and Indiana; resigned Conemaugh Nov. 17, 1839; received 
 Samuel Anderson as colleague Aug. 3, 1852; the charge was 
 divided Nov. 12, 1858, and Mr. Blair retained Indiana alone; 
 in Oct. 1862, he was released and retired from the active 
 duties of the ministry, and died in Indiana, Feb. 28, 1882. 
 BLAIR, David Humphrey: 
 
 Was born Ap. 21, 1841, four miles north of Bellefontaine, 
 O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 187 1, and studied theology 
 16 
 
234 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 2, 1873, by Monmouth Pres., 
 and ordained by Conemaugh, June 28, '76; pastor of Bethel, 
 Mechanicsburg, Greenville and East Union, June, 1876-Aug. 
 
 1, ^'j']-^ of Mahoning, Smyrna and Beracha, Oct. 2, 1877-Jan. 
 16, '83; S. S. Benkleman, Neb. 
 
 BLAIR, Hugh Henry (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 19, 1809, near Girard, in Erie Co., Pa., and 
 during the next year his parents, who were Irish by birth, 
 moved to Pittsburgh, and he was brought up under the min- 
 istry of Dr. Bruce; was graduated at the Western University 
 in 1831, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 Sept. 16, 1834, by the Allegheny Pres., and ordained Aug. 
 24, '36, by Albany; was pastor of the Charles St. Ch,, New 
 York, Aug., 1836, until his death. In 1874 he received an 
 injury in his spine, which, after a few months, compelled him 
 to confine himself to his chamber, and for the last year to his 
 bed, and died Jan. 7, 1877. A man of magnificent physical 
 frame and intense in everything. 
 BLAIR, William Henry: 
 
 Was graduated at Monmouth in 1859, and studied theology 
 at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 18, 1861, by Monmouth Pres., 
 and ordained in Ap. '63, by Michigan; pastor at Centerville, 
 Mich., Ap. i863-'66; joined the Presbyterian Ch. and is at 
 Burr Oak, Mich. 
 
 BONNER, David Findley: 
 
 Was born Ap. 2, 1842, in Greenfield, Highland Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Muskingum in i860, and studied theology 
 at Xeniaand Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1864, by Musk- 
 ingum Pres., and ordained June 16, '65, by Des Moines; was 
 installed at Knoxville and Monroe, in la., at ordination, and 
 released from Monroe Ap. 11, '66, and from Knoxville Ap. 
 14, '70; was pastor at Caledonia, Livingston Co., N. Y., Feb. 
 
 2, 1871-Jan., '84. Joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is located 
 near Montgomery, N. Y. Publications: The Constitutional 
 Right of the Bible to a Place in our Public Schools, 1875, pp. 
 20; The Ecclesiastical Position and Work of Woman, 1878 
 pp. 44; Instrumental Music in Worship of God, Divinely 
 Authorized, 8vo., pp. 65, 1881, and numerous contributions 
 to the papers of the church. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 235 
 
 BONNER, James R. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1805 near Dayton, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1833, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 22, 1836, by the First Pres. of Ohio, and 
 ordained on the first Wednesday of June '38, by the same; 
 was pastor of Xenia, O., 1838-Ap. 10, '45; of Canonsburg 
 and Lima, Hancock Co., O., 1851-Oct., '59; died Mar. 8, 
 1870. Publication: A Sermon in Vol. III. of the Pulpit of 
 the Associate Reformed Church. 
 
 BONNER, John Hunter (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 27, 1808, in Chillicothe, O. ; was educated 
 at Chillicothe Academy and Miami University, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 22, 1836, by the First 
 Pres. of Ohio, and ordained Oct. 27, 1841, by Indiana; was 
 pastor of Salem, Boone Co., Ind., Oct., 1841-April, '44; of 
 Bethel, Jefferson Co., Ind., April, 1845-50; he also performed 
 a large amount of Domestic Missionary work. Publications: 
 Charity a Duty, and an Appropriate Work of the Sabbath, a 
 Sermon, 1850; The Terror of the Wicked on the Day of Judg- 
 ment, a Sermon, 1852. 
 
 BORLAND, John Brown: 
 
 Was born Jan., 22, 1843, ^^ Bridgeville, Allegheny Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1864, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 27, 1867, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and was ordained by Steubenville Sept. 12, '71; pastor 
 of Richmond and Knoxville, Jefferson Co., O., Sept. 12, 1871- 
 
 BORROWS, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 3, 1821, in Washington Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1847, ^'^•^ studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1850, by Second Ohio, and 
 ordained Oct. 27, '52, by the same; pastor of Sandy Creek, 
 Wolf Creek, and Mt. Perry, Morgan Co., O., Oct., i852-'57; 
 Georgetown, Vernon and Sandy, Mercer Co., Pa., Ap. 6, 1858 
 -Feb. 8, '60; joined the A. R. Synod of the South; returned 
 to the Lake Pres. in Sept., 1881, with his pastoral charge; 
 pastor of Ebenezer from 1865, and of Sugar Grove from 1870 
 till his death. May 13, 1886, from paralysis. 
 
236 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 BOTHWELL, David (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland; was graduated at Glasgow University, 
 and studied theology with John Brown at Haddington; was 
 licensed in 1787 by the Presbytery of Monaghan, and soon 
 afterward ordained by the same; arrived at Charleston, S. C, 
 in Dec., 1789; was pastor of Buck Head and Big Creek, near 
 Louisville, Georgia, from his ordination until his death, which 
 took place in June, 1801. 
 BOWER, Andrew (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 25, 1805, in Washington Co. , Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at the Western University in 1829; studied theology 
 one year with Dr. Bruce, of Pittsburgh, one year at Canons- 
 burg, and two years at Allegheny; was licensed June 26, 1832, 
 by Monongahela Pres., and ordained sine titiilo Mar. 5, '34, 
 by First Ohio. Between this and the following autumn, ac- 
 companied by Jeremiah Morrow, just licensed, he traveled 
 through the West, Illinois mainly, and organized thirty-four 
 missionary stations, most of which grew into churches, bap- 
 tized twenty adults, admitted over two hundred into church 
 membership, and raised by collections money enough to pay 
 the expenses of the mission; was pastor at Hopewell, Preble 
 Co., O., Dec, 1834-June, ''y]\ of Mercer, Mercer Co., Pa., 
 Feb. 2, 1839-June, '42; of Second Asso. Ref , Philadelphia, 
 Mar. 7, 1847, until his death. He died Dec. 31, 1851, of con- 
 sumption. His last words were, "Asleep in Jesus; Oh! how 
 sweet, how sweet!" On the first of the preceding Nov. he 
 was carried into his church, placed at the head of the com- 
 munion table, where he dispensed the elements, spoke of the 
 love of Christ, commended his people to the grace of God, 
 charged them to meet him at the marriage supper of the 
 Lamb, had them sing the 133d Psalm, and pronounced the 
 benediction, and thus closed his ministry. Publications: 
 Several Sermons. 
 BOYCE, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1757, in Ireland, and came to this countr}^ be- 
 fore the Revolution, and settled in Long Cane, Abbeville Co., 
 S. C. ; was graduated at Dickinson in 1787; attended Dr. Nes- 
 bit's theological lectures while in College, and studied one 
 summer with Matthew Lind, at Greencastle; was licensed in 
 
THE MINISTRY. 237 
 
 the autumn of 1787 by the Presbytery of Pennsylvania, and 
 ordained July i, 1789, by the same; went immediately South 
 after licensure, and began as stated supply and subsequently 
 as pastor of Hopewell, S. C, and Coddle Creek, Gilead and 
 Prosperity, a hundred miles distant, in N. C. He died Mar. 
 18, 1793, of consumption. 
 
 BOYD, Alexander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born, educated and licensed in Ireland; came to the U. 
 S. in 1832 and joined the Associate Ch., and was ordained in 
 '33 by the Pres. of Ohio; was pastor of New Castle, New 
 Wilmington and Mt. Pleasant, 1833-Oct., '38; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch., and in it filled several pastorates, and died 
 Dec. 9, 1865, in Iowa. 
 
 BOYD, Bankhead (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1810, in Newton-Limavaddy, County Derry, 
 Ireland; came to America in 1824; "^^^ graduated at Jefferson 
 in 1829; studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed May 
 29, 1833, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Sept. 24, '34, by 
 the same ; was pastor of Pigeon Creek, Washington Co. , Pa. , 
 Sept., 1834, until his death, Feb. 3, i860. 
 
 BOYD, Hugh Stewart: 
 
 Was born Mar. 20, 1845, ^^ Clokeyville, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1875, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 8, 1876, by Cleveland 
 Pres., and ordained June 11, '78, by Mercer; pastor of Deer 
 Creek, in Lawrence Co,, Pa., June 11, 1878- 
 
 BOYD, John Carnahan, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 6, 1832, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1854, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1857, by Blairsville Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 14, '58, by Monongahela; pastor of St. Clair, 
 Allegheny Co., Pa., since ordination, and is Corresponding 
 Secretar>^ of the Board of Publication; delegate to the ist Pan- 
 Presbyterian Council, 1877; editor of the Evangelical Reposi- 
 tory, i88i-'85. Publications: An Anniversary Discourse; 
 The History of the Synod of Pittsburgh; History of the Sec- 
 ond Associate Reformed Presbytery of Pennsylvania. 
 
238 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 BOYD, JosephXA. R.): 
 
 Brother of Thomas F. Was born May 2, 1829, i^ Muskin- 
 gum Co., O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1853; studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1856, by West- 
 moreland Pres., and ordained May 6, '57, by Big Spring; 
 pastor of Lower Chanceford and Hopewell, York Co., Pa., 
 May, 1857-Ap. 8, '58; Mechanicstown, etc., O., Oct., '59- 
 Oct, '69; of Summerset, Warren Co., la., Dec, i869-'77; 
 Alvia and Service, la., Ap. 5, 1887- Publications: A Ser- 
 mon on Civil Government, i860. 
 
 BOYD, Joseph Reid*: 
 
 Was born July 23, 1835, in Guernsey Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1859; studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 8, 1862, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained Aug. 
 26, ^6t,^ by Muskingum; was pastor of Norwich and East 
 Union, O., i863-'67; of Wilmington, Clinton Co., O., 
 1 867-' 69; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and served it at Lib- 
 erty, Ind. , and Lancaster, O. ; died at Bowling Green, Feb. 
 15, 1886. Publications: Assassination of President Lincoln; 
 A Sermon, 1865; The Great Railroad Strike, 1877; A 
 Thanksgiving Sermon. 
 
 BOYD, Robert H. : 
 
 Was born May 25, 1835, at Darlington, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Franklin in i860; studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1862, by Monongahela Pres., and 
 ordained by the same Ap. 12, '64; was pastor of Verona, Al- 
 legheny Co., Pa., Ap., 1864-June 29, '69; of Londonderry, 
 Guernsey Co., O., June 14, 1870-June 15, '75; Thornville 
 and Rush Creek, Muskingum Co., O., June, 1875-June 13, 
 '82; Leipsic and Belmore, Putnam Co., O., Jan. 16, 1883, 
 and in 1884 exchanged Leipsic for Canonsburg. 
 
 BOYD, Thomas Frame (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 26, 1828, in Muskingum Co., O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1853, and studied theology at New- 
 burgh and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1856, by the Sec- 
 ond Pres. of Ohio, and ordained Dec. 28, '57, by Caledonia; 
 was pastor in Rochester, N. Y., 1857-June 4, '62; of Laurel 
 Hill, Fayette Co., Pa., i865-'67; of Beulah and Bethel, West- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 239 
 
 moreland Pres. , 1867-Dec., '74; joined the Presbyterian Ch., 
 and is at Marysville, Kan. 
 BOYSE, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Entered the Theological Seminary in New York in 1814, 
 and was licensed in 1818, and ordained in '19, by the Pres. 
 of Saratoga; was pastor of Caledonia, Livingston Co., N. Y., 
 autumn, 1819-June 25, '23; was a member of the First Pres. 
 of Ohio 1824-Oct. '25, most of which time he supplied in 
 Kentucky; joined the Reformed Dutch Ch. in 1826, and was 
 S. S. at Woodstock, Ulster Co., N. Y., i826-'37; he then 
 moved to the city of New York, where he died in 1853. 
 Publications: A i2mo vol., containing Writings and Letters 
 — Religious, Historical and Pastoral, 1838. 
 BOYSE, William Magaw (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1807 in South Carolina, and principally 
 brought up in Preble Co., O. ; was graduated at Miami Uni- 
 versity in 1829, ^^^^ studied theology at Allegheny; was li- 
 censed June 14, 1832, by the First Pres. of Ohio, and or- 
 dained by the same Sept. 11, '33; was pastor of Richmond, 
 Wayne Co., Ind., and Ebenezer, Sept., i833-'53; of Keokuk, 
 la., 1853, until his death, Oct. 31, 1861, which resulted from 
 typhoid fever. 
 
 BRACKEN, Thomas*: 
 
 Was born Dec. i, 1842, at Canonsburg, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1865, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 24, 1868, by the Pres. of Michigan, and ordained 
 Aug. 19, '69, by Detroit; was pastor at Port Huron, Mich., 
 Aug., 1869-Ap. 16, '72; S. S. at Oil City, Pa., i874-'75; and 
 died Nov. 5, 1875, at Niles, Mich. 
 BRADFORD, David Gibson (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Washington, Pa., and graduated at Washing- 
 ton in 1 85 1, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Mar. 7, 1855, by the Pres. of Steubenville, and ordained Ap. 
 8, '56, by Wheeling; was pastor of West Alexander and 
 Martinsville, in Washington Co., Pa., 1856-Oct., '57; of 
 Second Asso. Ref Church, Allegheny City, 1857-Ap. 14, '63; 
 of First Ch., Monmouth, 111., summer of 1863-67; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. and has filled several pastorates in it, and is 
 at Augusta, 111. 
 
240 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 BRANDON, James Alexander: 
 
 Was born in 1840, in Lawrence Co., Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1868, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed July 5, 1870, by Mercer Pres., and ordained Sept. 12, 
 '71, by Allegheny; pastor of East Union, Allegheny Co., 
 Sept., 1871-Sept. 12, '76; Greensburg, Pa., Sept. i, 1885- 
 June, 1887. 
 
 BRANDON, James Stewart*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 31, 1846, in Lawrence Co., Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap, 11, 1872, by Butler Pres., and 
 ordained June 10, '73, by Allegheny; was pastor of Hvansburg 
 and Mt. Pleasant in Butler Co., Pa., June, 1873-June 11, '78, 
 and died at Beaver Falls, Nov. 28, 1879, from consumption. 
 During part of the civil war he served as an artilleryman. 
 
 BRASH, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1824, educated, licensed and ordained in Scot- 
 land; was received by the Pres. of New York Sept. 18, 1854, 
 upon credentials from the Pres. of Glasgow and Annandale of 
 the United Presbyterian Church; was pastor of Jane Street, 
 New York, i855-'68; South Boston, Mass., 1868-70; united 
 with the Presbyterian Ch., and died Mar. 21, 1881, at South 
 Amboy, N. J. 
 
 BRATTON, William S.*: 
 
 Was born in 1822 in York district, S. C. ; was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1858; studied theology privately with 
 Dr. Hugh McMillan, and was licensed in the spring of 1859 
 by the Ohio Pres. of the Ref. Pres. Church, and ordained 
 Dec. 15, 1859, ^y t^^ Western Pres. of the Ref. Pres. Church; 
 was pastor of Grand Cote, Randolph Co., 111., 1859, until his 
 death, which occurred Jan. 11, 1873, at Coultersville, 111. He 
 came into the United Presbyterian Church, Aug. 10, 1870, 
 with his congregation. 
 
 BREADEN, John Hall: 
 
 Son of Rev. William; was born Jan. 23, 1852, at Coulters- 
 ville, Butler Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1874, 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 2, 1877, 
 by Butler, and ordained June 11, '78, by Frankfort; pastor of 
 
THE MINISTRY. 241 
 
 Oakland, West Va., June, 1878-June, '79; Mt. Pleasant, 
 Beaver Co., Pa., Oct. 23, 1879-Ap. 13, '86. 
 
 BREADEN, William Philip (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 22, 1815, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1837, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 29, 1840, by the Pres. of the Lakes, and was or- 
 dained May II, '43, by the same; was pastor of Evansburg 
 and Portersville, in Butler Co., 1843-June 30, '47; of Unity 
 and Sunbury Oct. 3, 1847; resigned Unity in 1858, and in 
 i860 took Fairview for half time until June, 1871, and re- 
 mained pastor of Sunbury until his death, which occurred 
 May 13, 1880. The day before his death, when he spoke 
 with great difficulty, he sent this message: "Tell the breth- 
 ren of the Presbytery I die having no confidence in the flesh, 
 placing all my hope in Christ alone and the great atonement, 
 and in that faith I expect to pass safely into eternity." 
 
 BRITTAIN, Jeremiah Reed, D. D. 
 
 Was born July 26, 1839, near New Brighton, Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1863, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Aug. 9, 1865, by Mercer Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 4, '66, by the Lake; pastor since ordination of 
 Greenville, Mercer Co., Pa., Publications: Address at the In- 
 stallation of Dr. Jeffers as President of Westminster College; 
 a Sermon on Bible Temperance, pp. 25; Historical Sermon, 
 pp. 28; Memorial of James W. Linn, pp. 24; The Ministry 
 and Secular Education, an Address, pp. 25. 
 
 BROCKETT, Oliver Garland: 
 
 Was born Aug. 27, 1845, at West Union, Ills. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1875, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 3, 1878, by Princeton Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 9, '78, by the same; pastor of Morea, Crawford Co., 111., 
 Sept. 9, 1878-Oct. 27, '82; Blue Mound, Linn Co., Kan., July 
 II, 1883- Ap. 6, '87. 
 
 BROOKS, William Irwin: 
 
 Was born Sep. 28, 1854, near Huntsville, O. ; was graduated 
 at Geneva College, O., in 1880, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed and ordained Ap. 4, 1883, by Sidney 
 Pres.; pastor at Miltonville, Kan., since Sep. 21, i^ 
 
242 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 BROWN, George, (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received by the Asso. Ref. Presbytery of Philadelphia, 
 Jan. II, 1853, from the Presbyterian Church of Canada; was 
 transferred to the Presbytery of Saratoga in 1855, and in a 
 few months afterward passed to the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 BROWN, George Cochran*: 
 
 Was born in 1844 at Baden, Beaver Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1868, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 12, 1870, by Allegheny Pres. , and ordained 
 June 13, '71, by the Lake; was pastor of Georgetown and New 
 Vernon, Mercer Co., 1871-May 6, '''J2)\ died in Allegheny May 
 22, 1874, from consumption. 
 
 BROWN, Hugh*: 
 
 Was born in 1806 in Glasgow, Scotland; was graduated at 
 the University of Glasgow, and studied theology in the Semi- 
 nary of the Relief Church ; was licensed by the Glasgow Pres- 
 bytery about 1830, and ordained in 1831; was pastor of the 
 Relief Church at Balfron, Sterlingshire, i83i-'54; supplied in 
 Glasgow and Ireland until 1861, when he came to Canada and 
 finally the U. S. ; joined May, 1862, the Second Pres. of New 
 York; was pastor of Greensboro', Vt., Jan. 5, 1864-Ap., '67; 
 of Caledonia and De Korra, Wis., Sept., 1867, until his death, 
 May 15, 1876. Publication: Sermons and Addresses, pp. 450, 
 1879. 
 
 BROWN, Hugh, (.A): 
 
 Was born May 6, 1810, in Guiness, county Down, Ireland; 
 was graduated at Belfast College, and studied theology in 
 Glasgow, Scotland, where he was also licensed by the Glas- 
 gow Pres. of Original Burgher Seceders; was transferred to 
 the Pres. of Belfast, and by it ordained and installed over the 
 congregation of CarrydufF. After a few years he came to 
 America and in Nov., 1848, joined the Asso. Pres. of New 
 York, (Bullions,) and in Jan., 1849, was installed in South- 
 wark, Philadelphia; resigned in Oct., and was suspended for 
 intoxication; disregarded the sentence to a large extent, and 
 disobeyed citations until, in 1852, he was deposed. He then 
 passed to Canada and preached for some time to a Presbyte- 
 rian Ch. in Spencerville. In 1857 he applied to the Pres. of 
 
THE MINISTRY. 243 
 
 Cambridge for restoration and admission, which were granted 
 in Sept. ; was pastor of East Salem, Washington Co., N. Y., 
 May 4, 1858 to May 7, '67; S. S. in Vermont, two years; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch. ; filled for a few years a pastorate 
 in Saratoga Co., from which he retired because of total 
 blindness; lives at Shushan, N. Y. 
 BROWN, James, D. D., (A.): 
 
 Was born Oct. 31, 1812, in Alyth, Perthshire, Scotland; 
 was graduated at Hanover, Ind., in 1835, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed June 26, 1839, by the Indiana 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 10, '40, by Chartiers; was pastor of 
 Peter's Creek, Sept., 1840-Dec. 5, 1843; of Madison and con- 
 nections, Ind., May, 1844; released from Mt Pleasant and 
 Vernon May, '48, and from Madison Nov., '55; Keokuk, la., 
 Ap., 1856-June 24, '73; S. S. at Keokuk 1874-75; pastor at 
 Columbus City, la., July, 1876-Ap. 4, '83; was Moderator 
 of the General Assembly in 1876. Delegate to the Presby- 
 terian Council in 1880. Publications: Farewell Discourse at 
 Madison; The Sure Refuge, a Sermon, Acts xx:32; The In- 
 justice of American Slavery. 
 
 BROWN, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1789 in county of Tyrone, Ireland; re- 
 ceived a collegiate, theological and medical education in the 
 University of Edinburgh; was ordained by the "Evangelical 
 Association of Ireland;" came to America about 181 2, and 
 supplied Presbyterian churches in Perry Co., Pa., for two or 
 three years; was called in Dec, 1815, by the congregation at 
 Concord, in Franklin Co., Pa., but as the Big Spring Pres- 
 bytery had some doubts as to the validity of his ordination 
 that question was referred to the General Synod, and the or- 
 dination was sustained, and he was installed as pastor in 
 June, 181 7, although he had supplied the place for two years; 
 he resigned Oct. 5, 1819; was S. S. at Timber Ridge and Old 
 Providence, Va., i8i9-'22; joined the Monongahela Pres. in 
 1823, after the dissolution of the Big Spring Pres. by the 
 union of 1822; was pastor of Fall Creek and Hop Run, High- 
 land Co., O., May 23, 1826, till Nov., same year; settled as 
 a practicing physician in Pittsburgh in 1829; became dissi- 
 pated, and after preparatory discipline was, in Oct., 1835, de- 
 
244 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 posed from the ministry for intemperance and contumacy; in 
 
 1839 he retired to Bridgewater, Beaver Co., Pa., where he 
 
 died Dec. 20, 1854. His last days were reported as his best 
 
 days. 
 
 BROWN, John Gemmell, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 14, 1824, in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at the Western University in 1842, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed June 24, 1845, ^Y Monongahela, and 
 ordained Dec. 29, '46, by the same; was pastor of the Second 
 Asso. Ref., now Third United Presbyterian Ch. Pittsburgh, 
 1846-Jan., '72; was Moderator of the General Assembly in 
 1874, and Corresponding Secretary of the Board of Home 
 Missions, May, i872-'85. Has for many years been very 
 active in promoting the education of deaf and dumb children 
 in and about Pittsburgh, and has been largely instrumental 
 in founding the Western Pennsylvania Institution for the in- 
 struction of the Deaf and Dumb, (a State institution,) and 
 has been the President of its Board of Trustees since 1874 and 
 its General Superintendent since 1878, and President since 
 1886. Publications: A Sermon on the Twentieth Anniver- 
 sary of his Settlement; a Sermon on the Sabbath following 
 the Assassination of President Lincoln, in Ap., 1865. 
 BROWN, John Hervey, D. D. : 
 
 Grandson of Rev. A. Porter, was born Feb. 20, 1834, in 
 Hamilton, O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1862, and 
 studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 2, 1863, by 
 Monmouth Pres., and ordained Sept. 12, '64, by the same; 
 was pastor at Clayton, 111., Sept., 1864-Ap. 13, '69, Piqua, 
 O., Sept. 2, 1869-July 16, '84, Rock Island, 111., Dec. 22, 
 1885- Publications: The Abiding Word, a Sermon; The 
 History of the United Presbyterian Church, Piqua; The 
 Wonderfulness of Scripture, a Sermon. 
 BROWN, Mitchell Matthews (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 10, 1820, in Israel township, Preble Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Miami University in 1840, and studied 
 theology at Oxford; was licensed in May, 1844, by the First 
 Pfes. of Ohio, and ordained Oct. 16, '46, by the First Pres. 
 of Illinois; pastor of Springfield, Randolph Co., 111., spring 
 i849-'54; was Principal of Union Academy at Sparta, 111., of 
 
THE MINISTRY. 245 
 
 the Female Seminary at Bloomington, Ind,, and President of 
 Lincoln College, Greenwood, Mo. Publication: A Tract, 
 ' ' Come to Jesus. ' ' 
 
 BROWN, Newton Ebenezer: 
 
 Was born Jan. 15, 1840, near Harrisville, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1862, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 27, 1864, by the Butler Pres., and 
 ordained June 26, '66, by the same; pastor over Slippery Rock 
 and Harlansburg, in Butler Co., Pa., June 26, 1866-Jan. 19, 
 '86. 
 
 BROWN, Nathan Harvey: 
 
 Brother of M. M., was born Oct. 10, 1834, at Morning Sun, 
 O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in i860, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 3, 1861, by Monmouth, 
 and was ordained Oct. 13, '62, by Chicago Pres. ; was pastor 
 of Shannon 111., Oct., 1862-Ap., '65; of Spring Creek, 
 Bloomington Pres., June, 1865-Ap., '69, and at Ainsworth, 
 la., June, 1871-Dec., '86. 
 
 BROWN, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1772 in Spartanburg District, S. C, and edu- 
 cated at Dickinson, and was reported by the Pres. of the 
 Carolinas, in 1801, as a student of theology^ under its care; in 
 1803 he was transferred to the Pres. of Kentucky to finish his 
 studies under Mr. Rankin, and was by it licensed in Mar., 
 1805, and ordained Oct., 1807; was pastor of Jones, Barton 
 and Livingston Creek, in Dickson Co., Tenn., 1807-Ap., '12; 
 of Salem, Caldwell Co., Ky., 1812-Nov., '27, where he also 
 maintained an academy. At this last date he left his charge 
 without any formal resignation or dissolution, and went into 
 south-western Tennessee, and there died July i6, 1828. 
 
 BROWN, Thomas (A.): 
 
 Brother of Dr. James; was born Sept. 6, 1814, in Alyth, 
 Perthshire, Scotland; was educated at Xenia Academy, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg ; was licensed June 20, 1848, 
 by Miami Pres., and ordained Feb. 26, '50, by Muskingum; 
 pastor of Cambridge, Birmingham and the Ridge, Guernsey 
 Co., O., at Urbana, O., 1850-Ap. 13, '59; S. S. at Urbana, 
 O., 1859-61; Massie's Creek, O., Oct. 24, i86i-'6; at Cen- 
 
246 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 tralia, 111., 1868-71; pastor Crawfordsville, la., Ap. 9, 1872- 
 
 Ap. 7, '79; Welda, Anderson Co., Kan., Aug. 1882-Oct. 20, 
 
 1885. 
 
 BROWN, Thomas Hugh*: 
 
 Son of Thomas, was born Mar. 7, 1855, at Cambridge, O. ; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 9, 1879, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained Oct. 12, '80, by Le Claire; pastor of Clarence, and 
 Stan wood, la., July i, 1880-Oct. i, '84; North Henderson, 
 111., Ap. I, 1885-Ap. 13, '86. Died Sep. 8, 1886, of con- 
 sumption. 
 BROWN, William: 
 
 Was graduated at Monmouth in 1865, and studied theo- 
 logy at Monmouth; was licensed in 1868 by Monmouth 
 Pres., and was ordained June 16, '69, by Des Moines; pastor 
 at Mt. Ayr. and Pleasant Ridge, la., June, 1869-Ap. 5, '77; 
 S. S. at Eugene and Tingley, la. 
 BROWNE, Robert AuDLEY, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 3, 1821, in Steubenville, O. , and reared in 
 Pittsburgh; was graduated at the Western University in 1840, 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 
 1843, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Dec. 31, '44, by 
 the same; was S. S. for one year of the Second Asso. Ref. 
 congregation in Pittsburgh ; was pastor of Eastbrook and She- 
 nango, Lawrence County, Pa., from 1846, resigning the former 
 in 1850, and the latter in '59; of New Castle, (a new or- 
 ganization out of part of his original charge) i850-'67, and 
 again of New Castle since 1873. During his first pastorate 
 of New Castle he was absent two years and four months as 
 chaplain of the psalm-singing "Roundhead" regiment in 
 the civil war. He was a member of the State Senate 1865- 
 1868. He was president of Westminster College 1867-70. 
 In 1875 he was the nominee of the Prohibition party of Penn- 
 sylvania for Governor, and Moderator of the General Assem- 
 bly of 1869. 
 
 BROWNE, Samuel (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Sept. 1828, in Ireland; was graduated at Bel- 
 fast College, and studied theology in Edinburgh; was licensed 
 in 1 85 1 by the General Assembly Presbytery of Monaghan, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 247 
 
 and ordained Aug. 16, 1853, by the Presbytery of Blairsville, 
 (Asso. Ref.); was pastor of Plum Creek, Indiana Co., Pa., 
 Aug. 1853-1865. 
 BROWNLEE, Anderson Ebenezer: 
 
 Was born, Oct. 25, 1855, near Claysville, Wash. Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Washington and Jefferson in 1881, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed, June 12, 1883, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained, Sep. 21,' 86, by Wheeling; 
 pastor at Martins Ferry, Ohio, since ordination. 
 
 BROWNLEE, Ebenezer Archibald: 
 
 Was born June 16, 1831, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1851, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg and Xenia; was licensed June 17, 1856, by Char- 
 tiers Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ Mar. 8, '61, by Kansas; 
 pastor of Rome, Faribault Co., Minn., since July 18, 1872. 
 
 BROWNLEE, Henry Herschell: 
 
 Brother of J. D. ; was born Mar. 18, 1854, in Franklin 
 township, Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster 
 in 1873, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 May 2, 1876, by Steubenville Pres., and ordained Sept. 19, 
 '77, by the same; was pastor of West Beaver and New 
 Lebanon Sept., 1877-Ap. 13, 1880. Joined the Presbyterian 
 Church, and supplies at Grand Forks, Dakota. 
 
 BROWNLEE, James Carson (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1824, i^ Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1849, ^'^^ studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed in Oct., 1852, by the Allegheny Pres., and or- 
 dained Feb. 23, '54, by Muskingum; was pastor of Ridge and 
 Clear Fork, Guernsey Co., O., Feb. 1854-55, ^^^ ^i^^ Ap. 
 12, 1858, from consumption. 
 
 BROWNLEE, James Day: 
 
 Was born Feb. 4, 1842, in Washington Co., Pa, ; was edu- 
 cated at Washington and Westminster Colleges, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 5, 1869, by Char- 
 tiers Pres., and ordained May 10, '70, by Steubenville; was 
 pastor of Wellsville, O., May, 1870-Dec. 31, '75; of Indiana, 
 Pa., since Oct. 19, 1877. Publication: Free Masonry as a 
 Religion, a Sermon, pp. 16, 1873. 
 
248 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 BROWNLEE, John Templeton, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Ap, 24, 1824, i^^^i" West Middletown, Washing- 
 ton Co., Pa.; was graduated at Washington in 1844, ^^^ 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 13, 1849, 
 by Chartiers Pres. , and ordained Oct. 31, '50, sine titiUo^ by 
 Albany; took charge of Mt. Hope congregation, Washington 
 Co., Pa., in June, 1851, and has been its pastor since Feb. 19, 
 1852; was delegate to the Presbyterian Council of 1884, and 
 Moderator of the Gen. Assembly of 1886. Publications: 
 Quarter Centennial History of his College Class, pp. 38, 1868; 
 History of Presbytery of Chartiers, pp. 47, 1877; Sermon at 
 the Ordination of W. M. Gibson, Nov. 19, 1855. 
 
 BROWNEEE, Martin Beveridge: 
 
 Brother of John T. ; was born in Washington Co. , Pa. , 
 June 7, 1845; was graduated at Washington and Jefferson in 
 1869, and studied theology at Monmouth and Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 15, 1873, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained, 
 sine titulo^ June 11, '78, by the same, and was employed 
 while a probationer mainly in Kansas, and since June, 1878, 
 has been S. S. at Berea and Richland, Kan. and Centreville, 
 Iowa. 
 
 BROWNLEE, Wiluam Craig, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1783 in Scotland; was graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Glasgow, and studied theology in the Anti-burgher 
 Hall; was licensed by the Asso. Pres. of Sterling in 1806; 
 came to the U. S. in 1808, and was ordained May 3, 1809, by 
 the Chartiers Pres. ; was pastor of Mt. Pleasant and Burgetts- 
 town, Washington Co., Pa,, 1809-Sept., '12; of Philadelphia 
 Nov., i8i2-Oct., '14; joined the Dutch Ch., and was rector 
 of the Academy of New Brunswick, N. J., 181 5-' 17; was 
 pastor of the Presbyterian Ch. in Baskenridge, N. J., 1818- 
 '25; was professor of languages in Rutgers College, i825-'26; 
 was a pastor in the Collegiate Dutch Ch. in New York city 
 1826-48, and emeritus pastor until his death, which occurred 
 in i860, after suffering twelve years from paralysis. Publica- 
 tions: His publications were quite numerous, and many of 
 them relate to Roman Catholicism. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 249 
 
 BRUCE, David Graham: 
 
 Brother of James; was bom July 13, 1833, at Amsterdam, 
 Jefferson Co. , O. ; was educated at Jefferson and Westminster 
 Colleges, and studied theology at Allegheny and Xenia; was 
 licensed Sept. 4, 1866, by Delaware Pres., and ordained May 
 18, '69, by Big Spring; was pastor of Lower Chanceford, 
 York Co., Pa., May, i869-June26, '72; Mediapolis, la., Sept 
 9, 1875-Jan. 15, '79; joined the Presbyterian Ch,, and is at 
 Good Hope, 111. 
 
 BRUCE, James (A.): 
 
 Nephew of James C. ; was born May 15, 1831, at Hillsville, 
 Lawrence Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Hanover, Ind., in 1852, 
 and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 2, 
 1855, by the Pres. of Ohio, and ordained by the Asso. Pres. 
 of Philadelphia, May 13, '58; was pastor of Mercersburg and 
 the Cove, INIay, 1858-Feb. 10, '6t,^ and of Andes, N. Y,, since 
 May 10, 1864, ^ 
 
 BRUCE, James C. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1800, and was graduated at Franklin in 1826, 
 the first graduate of the institution, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed June 30, 1830, by Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained, sn^e tUuIo^ by the same, August 27, '31; 
 was pastor of Henderson River, Warren Co., 111., May 11, 
 i833-'48. In the summer of 1848 he united with the Asso. 
 Synod (Bullions and Stark), and Ap. 18, 1853, joined the 
 Second Asso. Ref. Pres. of Illinois; and was pastor of Blue 
 Mound and Wyoming Valley, Wis., 1854, until his death, 
 which took place in 1857 from phthisis. 
 
 BRUCE, Robert, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1776 in Scone, county of Perth, Scotland; was 
 graduated at the University of Edinburgh in 1801, and studied 
 theology for five years in the Associate Hall under Professor 
 A. Bruce; was licensed in 1806 by the Presbytery of Perth; 
 was immediately "missioned" by the Synod to the U. S., 
 and, in company with Dr. Alex. Bullions, landed at New 
 York on the 8th of Dec. of the same year; was ordained Dec. 
 14, 1808, by the Pres. of Chartiers, and installed at the same 
 time as pastor of Pittsburgh and Peter's Creek; resigned the 
 
 17 
 
250 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 latter in 18 13, and remained in Pittsburgh until his death, 
 which occurred June 14, 1846. The last sermon he ever 
 preached was from the text, "In my Father's house are many 
 mansions." He was an exceedingly diligent and laborious 
 student all his life. He was President of the Western Uni- 
 versity i820-'43, and of Duquesne College i844-'46. Publi- 
 cations: An Address before the Pittsburgh Philosophical 
 Society, 1824; a Volume of Sermons, 1829. 
 BRUCE, William (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of James C. ; was born June 2, 1812, in Youngs- 
 town, Trumbull Co., O. ; was educated at Franklin, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 15, 1836, 
 by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Sept. 14, '37, by Miami; 
 was pastor of Ellison, 111., i837-'47; Adamsville, Crawford 
 Co., Pa., 1 853-' 60; S. S. Conneautville, Pa,, 1856-60; Rye- 
 gate, Vt, 1868-Aug. 10, '70; Low Point, Woodford Co., 111., 
 1872-Sept. 28, '74; Died Aug. 26, 1881, at Low Point, 
 BRUCE, William, D. D. (A.)=^: 
 
 Was born Mar. 9, 1828, in vScotland; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1850, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed in Sept., 1853, by the Richland Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 26, '55, by Philadelphia; was pastor of Baltimore congre- 
 gation, Md., 1855-May 6, '73, and of Maisse's Creek, O., Ap, 
 27, i875-'8o; was Professor of Didactic Theology in the Theo- 
 logical Seminary in Xenia from Oct., 1874, until his death; 
 was Moderator of the General Assembly of 1879. Died Nov. 
 10, 1880, of consumption, 
 BRUCE, William R, : 
 
 Was born May 14, 1844, at New Sheffield, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1871, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed June 10, 1873, by Frankford Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 6, '75, by the Lake; pastor of Georgetown 
 and New Vernon, Mercer Co., Pa., since ordination; resigned 
 New Vernon, Dec. 9, '84; was a soldier in the Union army 
 during the civil war. 
 
 BRUNTON, William (A, R,)=^: 
 
 Was received by the Presbytery of Washington, N, Y. , in 
 1828, from the Asso. Burgher Ch. of Scotland, and after 
 
THE MINISTRY. 251 
 
 remaining two or three years passed to one of the churches in 
 Canada. 
 
 BYRAN, John (A.): 
 
 Was born August 5, 1811, in Beaver Co., Pa. ; was educated 
 at Jefferson, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 July 8, 1840, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Sept. 7, '41, by 
 Muskingum; was pastor of Jefferson, New Market and Sharon 
 congregations, Harrison Co., O., Sept., 1841-autumn of '53; 
 Bloomington, Ind., 1855-62; supplied for a time, and is in- 
 firm at Bloomington, Indiana. 
 
 BRYSON, John C. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 17, 1 821, in Washington Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Bethany College, West Va., in 1846, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 11, 1849, by Steuben- 
 ville Pres., and ordained Nov. 12, '50, by Blairsville; was 
 was pastor at Puckety, Westmoreland Co., 1850-Oct. 31, '54; 
 Mt Gilead, Allegheny Co., Sept., 1855-Sept. 18, '66; S. S. 
 at Fairview, Johnson Co., Mo., i868-'72; resides at Warrens- 
 burg, Mo. , without charge. 
 
 BUCHANAN, George (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1782, in York Co., Pa., of Covenanter parent- 
 age; was prepared for college by Mr. Dobbin, and was grad- 
 uated at Dickinson in 1805, and studied theology in New 
 York under Dr. Mason; was licensed in Dec, 1809, by the 
 Philadelphia Pres., and ordained June 19, '11, by Mononga- 
 hela, and installed pastor of Steubenville, Yellow Creek, and 
 Herman's Creek; resigned Yellow Creek Dec. 9, 1812, and 
 Herman's Creek Ap. 10, 1838, and remained pastor of Steu- 
 benville until his death, Oct. 14, 1855. Nearly his last utter- 
 ance was : "When this struggle is over I shall be freed from 
 contending with a sinful world, from resisting temptations 
 and fighting with spiritual wickedness in high places. I shall 
 be done with warning sinners, and if they will not heed my 
 admonitions, but cast them from them, they must bear the 
 consequences. And now, what wait I for? I know that I 
 shall receive the crown of righteousness which God will give 
 to him who is faithful to the end, and shall be received to that 
 city whose builder and maker is God." 
 
252 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 BUCHANAN, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Brother of J. Hervey; was born Mar, 21, 1822, in Fairfield 
 Co., O. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1841, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 30, 1844, by the Second 
 Pres. of Ohio, and ordained July 23, '46, by Springfield, and 
 installed as pastor in Cedarville, O., where he died Ap. 11, 
 1847. Publication: A Sermon in Vol. IV. of the Pulpit of 
 the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 
 BUCHANAN, James Hervey (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born July 10, 1816, near Lancaster, Fairfield Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1835, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 1840, by the Second Pres. of 
 Ohio, and ordained, sine titiilo^ Oct. 12, '42, by the same; 
 was S. S. at Birmingham, Allegheny Co., Pa., 1842-7; pas- 
 tor of Cedarville, Greene Co., O., May, 1848-Dec., '54; in- 
 stalled at Huntsville and Roundhead in June, 1870; demitted 
 Huntsville Ap. 29, 1879, and Roundhead Ap. 6, '81; supplied 
 Homestead, 111., 1881-3; Principal of Oxford Female Insti- 
 tute, Ohio, 1855-67. Died Oct. 18, 1883, of embolism of the 
 heart. Publications: Messiah's Kingdom, a Sermon, 1852; 
 Divinity and Humanity of Jesus Christ, a Sermon, 1853. 
 
 BUCHANAN, James Nelson (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 10, 1824, ^^^^.r Thornville, Licking Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Muskingum in 1848, and studied theology 
 at Oxford; was licensed Ap. 28, 185 1, by Michigan Pres., and 
 ordained Nov. 28, '51, by the same, and installed pastor of 
 Hebron, Ind., and is yet in charge. 
 
 BUCHANAN, James W. : 
 
 Was born June 24, 1829, i^ Mercer Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1857, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed May i, 1861, by Butler Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 3, '65, by Michigan; was S. S. of Caledonia and Orangeville, 
 in Michigan, 1864-Sept., '69, and then pastor until '73; sup- 
 plied Wheatland, Will Co., 111., from Oct., 1874, and pastor 
 Nov. 2, 1875-Mar. II, '84; S. S. Utica, Neb., 1885- 
 BUCHANAN, John Junkin (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of Rev. George; was born Jan. 24, 1817, at Steuben- 
 ville, O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1837, and studied 
 
THE MINISTRY. 253 
 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 28, 1841, by Steu- 
 benville Pres., and ordained Nov. 3, '42, by Monongahela; 
 was pastor of Raccoon and Hanover, Beaver Co., Nov., 1842 
 -Mar. 26, '44; of Mifflin, Allegheny Co., Pa., May 5, 1846- 
 Sept. 25, '49; died in Allegheny City, July 27, 1853, f^'om 
 consumption. 
 
 BUCHANAN, Joseph: 
 
 Son of the Rev. George; was born June 5, 1820, in Steu- 
 benville, O. ; was educated at Franklin, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed May 15, 1843, ^Y Steubenville 
 Pres. ; spent many years as the Principal of the High School 
 in Steubenville, and Superintendent of the Public Schools, 
 preaching occasionally in the near vacancies; was ordained 
 sine titulo^ Sept. 13, 1876, by Steubenville, and is a stated 
 supply. 
 
 BUCHANAN, Joseph Henderson*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 22, 1833, in Washington Co., Pa.; gradu- 
 ated at Muskingum in i860, and studied theology at Allegheny 
 and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 16, 1861, by Muskingum, and 
 ordained by the same, June 18, '62; was pastor of Thornville 
 and Rush Creek from his ordination until his death. He 
 spent six months (Oct. '63-Ap. '64,) in the Freedmen's Mis- 
 sion in Vicksburg, Miss. , and died from dysentery Sept. 6, 
 1864, at West Rushville, Ohio. 
 
 BUCHANAN, Joseph S. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 31, 1806, in Washington Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Jeiferson 1837, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 17, 1839, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 24, '40, by Steubenville; was installed pastor of 
 West Alexander, Middle Wheeling and Short Creek at ordina- 
 tion; was released from Middle Wheeling in 1850, and from 
 the others in '54, because of ill health; taught a classical 
 school at Portersville, Pa., 1854-56; was pastor of Clarence, 
 Cedar Co., la., i866-'72, and then retired from active labors 
 to Monmouth, 111., where he died Mar. 31, 1887. Publica- 
 tions: A Sermon on the Sanctification of the Sabbath, 1870; 
 A Farewell Sermon, 1872. 
 
254 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 BUCHANAN, Walter Joseph: 
 
 Son of Rev. Joseph S., was born Sept. 8, 1857, in Jackson 
 Co., O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1879, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 5, 1883, by Monmouth 
 Pres., and was ordained June 6, '84, by the same; pastor of 
 Ellison, Henderson Co., 111., since June 6, 1884. 
 
 BUCHANAN, William Howell: 
 
 Was born Sept. 21, 1829, ^^ Cross Roads, Washington Co., 
 Pa.,; was graduated at Monmouth in 1859, and studied the- 
 ology at Monmouth; was licensed July 12, 1859, by Mon- 
 mouth Pres., and ordained July 11, '60, by the same; was 
 pastor of Elvaston, 111., 1860-Sept., '68; was Superintendent 
 of Freedmen's Mission, at Vicksburg, Miss., i868-'7i; joined 
 the Presbyterian Cli. in Dec, 1871, and has held pastoral 
 charges in St. Louis and Texas, and is now at New Bedford, 
 Mass. 
 
 BUCK, Samuel Alexander*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 27, 1851, at College Corner, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1875, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 9, 1877, by the First Pres. of Ohio, and or- 
 dained by the same, Sept. 22, '80; S. S. at Indianapolis, 1878 
 -'9; was pastor of Sycamore and Hopkinsville, O., Sept. 
 1880-Sept. 25, '83. Died from typhoid dysentery, Aug. 14, 
 1884. 
 
 BULL, James L. (A.): 
 
 Was born at Massie's Creek, O. ; was graduated at Miami 
 in 1842, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 July I, 1846, by Miami Pres., and ordained by the same July 
 8, '47; S. S. for one year in Michigan; installed pastor of 
 Kenton and Iberia, O. , in 1848; resigned Iberia in '53, and 
 Kenton after the union of '58, so that the two congregations 
 there might unite; of Tranquility, la., i864-'8; missionated 
 ten years, and, since 1878, has been Principal of Traer Acad- 
 emy, Iowa. 
 
 BULLIONS, Alexander, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1779 in Perthshire, in Scotland. His parents 
 belonged to the Kirk, but at the age of sixteen he made a 
 profession of religion in the Associate Church; was graduated 
 
THE MINISTRY. 255 
 
 at the University of Edinburgh in 1801, and studied theology 
 for five years in the Associate Hall under Prof. Bruce, of 
 Whitburn; was licensed May 20, 1806, by the Pres. of Perth; 
 wished to go as a missionary to India, but for political reasons 
 no British vessel would at that time carry out a missionary, so 
 he sailed with Dr. Robert Bruce for New York, where he 
 landed Dec. 8, 1806; passed to Cambridge, N. Y., in Jan., 
 1807 ; received a call in June, and after declining it, finally 
 accepted, and was ordained by the Cambridge Presbytery in 
 April, 1808, and installed pastor in Cambridge, and died in 
 this pastoral relation June 26, 1857. A man of great vigor of 
 body and of mind, and of strong and quick impulses, and fre- 
 quently sung of mercy and of judgment. In 1830 a difficulty 
 began to spring up in his Presbytery, which seriously involved 
 him. It assumed a variety of phases and passed through 
 many stages in both Presbytery and Synod, until an act of 
 suspension was passed on the 5th of Oct., 1837, and fol- 
 lowed by deposition soon afterward. On the 7th of Feb., 
 1838, he declined the authority of the Presbytery, and as the 
 great majority of the congregation clung to him, a long and 
 expensive lawsuit followed. Dr. Bullions carried his case to 
 the neighboring Presbytery of Vermont, which assumed the 
 right to review it and to restore him to the ministry. The 
 trouble reached to other Presbyteries and finally terminated in 
 a schism. The majority of the Presbytery of Albany, the 
 minority of the Presbytery of Cambridge, and the entire Pres. 
 of Vermont associated together, and on the i5tli of June, 
 1841, organized a rival Synod, under the title of the Associate 
 Synod of North America. After thirteen years this breach 
 was healed and the Doctor died in peace. Publications: A 
 Tract, entitled Marah's Waters Sweetened, or Afflictions and 
 Consolations of the Righteous; another on Repentance; an- 
 other on Pardon; and many contributions to the periodic 
 press. 
 
 BULLIONS, David GooDwiLUE (A.)*: 
 
 A son of Dr. Alexander; was born June 24, 1817, in Cam- 
 bridge, N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1835, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in July, 1841, by the 
 Ohio Pres., and ordained by the Bullions Pres. of Cambridge 
 
256 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Aug-. 26, '42 ; colleague of his father in Cambridge i842-'57; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch. and was pastor of the congrega- 
 tion of West Milton, in Saratoga Co., N. Y., from 1857 until 
 his death, Sept. 29, 1864. 
 
 BULLIONS, Peter, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Dec, 1791, at Moss Side, near Perth, Scotland; 
 was graduated at the University of Edinburgh in 18 13, and 
 studied theology with Professor Paxton in the Associate Hall; 
 was licensed in June, 1817, by the Pres. of Edinburgh, and 
 sailed in July for New York; was ordained March 4, 1818, by 
 the Cambridge Presbytery; was installed at his ordination as 
 pastor of S. Argyle and W. Hebron, in Washington Co. , N. 
 Y. ; resigTied the latter Jan. 27, 1823, ^^^ ^^^ former Feb. 2, 
 '25. In 1832 he began preaching in Troy, N. Y. , being then 
 and for many years afterward a resident of Albany, and when 
 an Associate Church was organized in 1834 in Troy he was 
 installed as pastor. In 1852 he resigned and made a lengthy 
 visit to his native land, and- when he returned was recalled 
 and installed as his own successor in Troy, where he remained 
 in active service until his death, which occurred Feb. 13, 1864. 
 He was Professor of Languages in the Albany Academy 1825 
 -1849, ^^^ was Moderator of the General Assembly of 1859. 
 Publications: Several Sermons; A Series of Grammars, Eng- 
 lish, Latin and Greek, which passed through many editions; 
 A Latin-English Dictionary, 1012 pp., 1862. 
 
 BURD, George W. (Colored)*: 
 
 Was born in Va. and educated at Westminster and became 
 a teacher in the Freedmen's Mission in Tenn., in 1869; was 
 licensed in 1870 by the Tennessee Pres., and ordained in Ap., 
 '71, by the same; had charge of the Vicksburg branch of this 
 mission Jan., i87i-'72; left the U. P. C. , and soon afterwards 
 died from the smallpox. 
 
 BURGESS, Robert: 
 
 Was born Ap., 18, 1822, in Poland, Mahoning Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1845, ^^^ studied theology one 
 year at Canonsburg, one at Princeton, and finished with Dr. 
 Alex. Bullions; was licensed in 1848 by Cambridge Pres., 
 (Bullions'); in 1850 joined the New School Covenanters, and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 257 
 
 preached for a short season under their care in Tenn. , where 
 he became so disgusted with slavery that he joined the Free 
 Presbyterian Ch., and was ordained and preached for some 
 time in Hartford, Trumbull Co., O. When the Free Ch. dis- 
 solved after the civil war he joined the U. P. C, and supplied 
 two years in Kansas and Iowa. In 1867 he united with the 
 New School Presbyterian Ch., and preached for several years 
 at Montrose and Woodbine, in Iowa; then taught for a sea- 
 son; he was never installed, and lives at Cleveland, O., with- 
 out any church connection. 
 
 BURNETT, William. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1808 in Abbeville district, S. C. ; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1832, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap., 23, 1835, by the Second Pres., of 
 Ohio, and ordained Ap., 13, '36, by Monongahela; was pas- 
 tor of Robinson's Run, Allegheny Co., Ap., 1836-Ap., '38; 
 was Pres. of Franklin College 1839-40; pastor of the Fourth 
 A. R. Ch., Pittsburgh, June, 1840-Sept., '41; of Mt. Nebo, 
 Allegheny Co., 1845-Dec., 31, 1850, certified to the Presby- 
 terian Ch. ; died Aug. 20, 1854. Publication: A Sermon in 
 Vol. I of the Pulpit of the Associate Reformed Church. 
 
 BURNS, John, (A. R.):* 
 
 Was born in Fenwick, Ayrshire, Scotland; graduated at 
 Glasgow University; entered the Burgher Theological Hall 
 under Dr. Lawson in 1792; was licensed and ordained by the 
 Burgher Presbytery of Glasgow; came to the U. S., in 1803; 
 joined the Asso. Ref Pres., of New York in Mar., 1804, and 
 transferred in May by the Synod to the Pres., of Washington. 
 In the spring of 1805 he received a call from Stamford and 
 Bertie, in Canada West, and entered immediately upon the 
 duties of the pastorate, although not formally installed until 
 Sept., 18, 1806, because of the distance and difficulty of ac- 
 cess. The Stamford Ch. was subsequently dismissed by the 
 Presbytery of Saratoga, to unite with one of the Canada 
 churches. Mr. Burns died in 1822 in the communion of the 
 United Secession Church. 
 
 BURNS, John Auld*: 
 Was born in Jacksonville, Greene Co., Pa., July 2, 1843; 
 
258 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1869, and studied theology 
 
 at Monmouth; was licensed Ap., 19, 1871, by the Monmouth 
 
 Pres., and ordained Sept., 20, '72, by Des Moines; pastor of 
 
 North English, in Poweshiek Co., la., Sept., i872-'76; of 
 
 Lawrence, Mass., Aug., 4, 1876, until his death, Mar., 28, 
 
 1878. 
 
 CALAHAN, Thomas, (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Washington Co., Pa., about 1820; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1840, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Mar., 29, 1843, ^Y Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained by the same July 16, '44; was pastor of Canons- 
 burg, i844-'48; of Hanover and Hookstown, June 20, 1849- 
 Ap., II, 54; supplied Cass, Hancock Co., O. ; pastor Bur- 
 nett's Creek, Ind. , i858-'63; chaplain for a time in the army; 
 S. S., at Elvira, Clinton Co., la., 1867; deposed from the 
 ministry Oct. 2, 1868, and is teaching in Missouri. 
 
 CALDERHEAD, Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1750 in or near Glasgow, Scotland, of High- 
 land parents; was graduated at Glasgow University, and 
 studied theology in the Burgher Hall with John Brown, of 
 Haddington; was ordained in 1777, and was pastor of the 
 Burgher congregation of Horndean, near Berwick-on-Tweed, 
 1777-1802; was one and the oldest of the five Burgher minis- 
 ters who came to the U. S. in the autumn of 1802 with Dr. 
 J. M. Mason. The very day he left Hordean he was married 
 to a young Covenanter maiden, Margaret Brown, who was 
 thirty-two years his junior. He started the next week after 
 landing in New York for Elizabethtown, above Pittsburgh, 
 where the Rev. Matthew Henderson was located, and spent 
 the winter in supplying that vicinity; was pastor of West 
 Middletown, Washington Co., Pa., and Short Creek, West 
 Virginia, i8o3-'5; of Short Creek, Jefferson Co., O., i8o5-'8. 
 Upon one occasion during his residence here he was absent 
 from home but a few days, yet when he returned he found 
 one of his children dead and buried. The shock was so great 
 that he went to bed immediately and slept without waking 
 for forty-eight hours. He removed in 1808 to Wheeling 
 township, Belmont Co., O., where he was pastor of Union 
 Town, Cadiz and Piney Fork until his death, Jan. 31, 1812. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 259 
 
 While ill Jefferson Co. the Rev. William Taggart, D. D. , and 
 the Rev. Samuel Findley, D. D,, commenced studying the 
 languages and sciences with him, and moved with him to 
 Belmont Co., and remained with him until the autumn of 
 1809, when they were received by Presbytery as students of 
 theology, and passed to the Theological Seminary of New 
 York. He died of gravel. He published nothing, but left 
 hundreds of carefully-prepared sermons in manuscript, many 
 of which are still preserved. 
 
 CALDERHEAD, Ebenezer Brown (A. R.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. Alexander; was born Jan. 4, 1810, in Bel- 
 mont Co., O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1836, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed on May 19, 1840, by 
 Steubenville Pres. , and ordained Aug. 11, '41, by Second 
 Ohio; installed pastor of Jonathan's Creek and connections, 
 Perry Co., O., Aug., 1841; resigned Jonathan's Creek Ap. 12, 
 '54, and Rush Creek and Thornville Jan. 22, '61, since which 
 he has had no pastoral charge, living mostly at New Athens, O. 
 
 CALDWELIy, Alexander Brown: 
 
 Was born Ap. 29, 1856, at Dehra-Dhoon, in north-western 
 India, Asia; was graduated at Monmouth in 1878, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 15, 1880, by Musk- 
 ingum Pres., and ordained, Ap. 19, '81, by the same for the 
 Foreign Missionary work, and sailed for northern India May 
 26, 1881, and is stationed at Gurdaspur. 
 
 CALDWELL, Albert Hamilton: 
 
 Was born June 12, 1839, in Harrison Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1859, ^^^ studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 15, 1863, by Steubenville Pres., and or- 
 dained Feb. 8, '65, by the Lake; pastor of Franklin and 
 Utica, Pa., i865-'67; and of Antrim, O., since Jan. i6, 1867. 
 
 CALDWELL, John Thompson: 
 
 Was born Jan. 29, 1853, i^ Norwich, Muskingum Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Muskingum in 1876, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 16, 1879, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained Jan. 21, and installed June 8, '80, by Sidney, at 
 Scotch Ridge, Wood Co., O. 
 
26o THE MINISTRY. 
 
 CALHOUN, Alexander, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 17, 1833, near Savannah, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1856, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 14, 1857, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained 
 Aug. 25, '58, by the same; was pastor of Savannah and Au- 
 burn, O., Aug., 1858-Oct., '58; of Temperanceville and 
 Mansfield, Allegheny Co., Pa., Dec. 16, 1858-Oct. i, '61, and 
 remained as S. S. in Temperanceville until Aug., 68; pastor 
 of the Fifth Ch., Philadelphia, Aug., '68-July, '73; com- 
 menced laboring in San Jose, Cal., Aug. 9, 1874, as a mis- 
 sionary, by the appointment of the Gen. Ass., organized a 
 church in the following Nov., and was installed Ap. 10, 1879, 
 as pastor. 
 
 CALHOUN, Johnson C. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 2, 1853, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1878, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 13, 1881, by Des Moines Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 12, '82, by the same; pastor of Oskaloosa, la., Ap., 1882- 
 June 12, '83; Knoxville and Unity, la., May, 1884-Ap. 15, 
 '85; Olena, 111., since June 19, 1885. 
 
 CALHOUN, Joseph: 
 
 Was born Nov. 27, 1842, at Hookstown, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 23, 1872, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 12, '73, by Des Moines; pastor of Indianola, la., 
 since ordination. 
 
 CALVERT, Alexander Hamilton: 
 
 Was born Mar. 16, 1837, in Beaver Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1865, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Dec. 24, 1867, by Frankfort Pres., and ordained 
 Dec. 22, '68, by Allegheny; pastor of Etna, Allegheny Co., 
 since ordination. Has been a teacher for many years. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Allen Ditchfield, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 15, 1791, at Chorley, Lancastershire, Eng- 
 land. While yet a child the family emigrated and settled in 
 Baltimore, Md. , where he was reared ; he was graduated at 
 the University of Pennsylvania in 181 1, and studied theology 
 in New York under Dr. Mason; was licensed in 1815 by the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 26 1 
 
 Philadelphia Pres., and ordained in June, 'i8, by Mononga- 
 hela, and installed pastor of Meadville and Sugar Creek, in 
 Crawford Co., Pa. When the Synod of Scioto organized as 
 the Synod of the West, Ap, 27, 1820, and independent of the 
 Gen. Synod, he declined its jurisdiction and connected with 
 the Red Stone Pres. of the Presbyterian Ch., and at the same 
 time left his pastoral charge. He was pastor of the First 
 Pres. congregation in Nashville, Tenn., 1820-27; and from 
 1827-40 devoted most of his time, and at his own expense, to 
 the founding and upbuilding of the Presbyterian Theo. Sem. 
 at Allegheny City. Died Sept. 20, 1861, at his country resi- 
 dence, near Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 CAMPBELL, A1.VIN Melanchthon: 
 
 Was born Feb. 17, 1857, at Dewitt, la. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1879, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 20, 1880, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 17, 1 88 1, by Des Moines; pastor of Winterset, la., Oct. 
 17, i88i-Oct. 21, '84; Cedarville, O., Ap. 14, 1885- 
 CAMPBELL, Charles (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1768 in Stewardstown, county Tyrone, Ireland; 
 was graduated at Glasgow University, and studied theology 
 in the Burgher Hall, in Scotland, under John Brown of Had- 
 dington; was licensed in 1789, and was ordained in a pastoral 
 charge in the county of Londonderry, under the care of the 
 Associate Presbytery of Derry. He came to this country in 
 1801 "under a sentence of suspension from the holy ministry 
 by the Associate Presbytery of Derry, in Ireland, but fully 
 purged of scandal and restored to the communion of the 
 church, and was admitted to preach the gospel under the care 
 of Presbytery (the First Presbytery of Pennsylvania), in order 
 to make trial of his humble and pious deportment previous to 
 his restoration to the ministerial office. " Synod was offended 
 at this and rebuked the Presbytery for being "incautious and 
 precipitate," and referred the whole case to the Synod of 
 Pennsylvania, which at its first meeting. May, 1803, restored 
 him to the full exercise of the ministry. During all this time 
 he was supplying the congregations of Lower Chanceford and 
 Hopewell, in York Co., Pa., and in the summer of 1803 was 
 installed as their pastor. He died Ap. 7, 1804. 
 
262 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Eluott Davidson * : 
 
 Was born Feb. 12, 1852, at Futtegurh, India. His father, 
 the Rev. D. E. Campbell, and mother {nee Maria L Bigham) 
 went in 1850 to India, as missionaries under the Presbyterian 
 Board, They were stationed at Futtegurh, and labored with 
 success until the Sepoy mutiny broke out in 1857. I'h^Yj 
 with two children younger than he, were massacred in that 
 mutiny on the 13th of June. He was providentially pre- 
 served, because when the family returned in the spring from 
 their brief vacation at the Himalaya range he was so ill that 
 they were compelled to leave him in charge of the Rev. Wil- 
 liam Jay, chaplain of the garrison at Landowr. Here he re- 
 mained until the mutiny was quelled, and was brought to 
 this country in 1859 by the Rev. William Janvier, of the 
 Presbyterian Board, and was then taken to the home of his 
 widowed grandmother, in Millersburg, O. He was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1871; studied theology one winter in Alle- 
 gheny, two in Xenia, and a fourth in the Free Church Col- 
 lege at Edinburgh, Scotland; was licensed Ap. 21, 1874, by 
 Mansfield Pres., and organized the mission in Burlington, la., 
 and supplied it until July, 1877; was ordained Dec. 10, ''']']^ 
 by Bloomington; pastor at Paxton, Ford Co., 111., Dec, 
 1877-June 24, '81; at Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y., Sept. 
 20, i88i-Oct. 20, '84. Died of consumption Aug. 15, 1885. 
 CAMPBELL, Gawn, M. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born June 20, 1823, "^ Barnamaghery, Ireland; was 
 educated throughout at Belfast College; was licensed Nov. 7, 
 1843, by th^ Pres., of Down, and came to this comitry in 
 1850, and was ordained in Oct., of that year by the Asso. 
 Pres., of Vermont; was pastor of Greensboro', Vt., Oct., 
 1850-Oct., 29, '61; of W. 44th St., New York, Nov. 21, 
 1861-July 17, ''^']. Gave all his time to the practice of medi- 
 cine. Died Feb. 20, 1887. Publications: Catechism on Some 
 of the Principles and Practices of the United Presbyterian 
 Church, 1867; A Catechism on the Sacraments of Baptism 
 and the Lord's Supper, 1868; A History of West Forty-fourth 
 St., Church, 1868; The Death of Aaron, 1870. 
 CAMPBELL, James, (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 181 2 in Scotland; came to this countr}^ in 
 
THE MINISTRY. 263 
 
 youth and was graduated at Union in 1837, and studied the- 
 ology at Newburgh; was licensed in 1840 by the Pres., of Sar- 
 atoga, and ordained, sine titulo, Oct. 17, '43, by New York; 
 was pastor of E. Springfield, Otsego Co., N. Y., May 7, 1845- 
 '46; was S. S., for several years at Howard, Steuben Co., N. 
 Y. , after which he retired to a farm in Howard township, and 
 there died Sept., 28, 1865. 
 CAMPBELL, James Casner (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 19, 1823, in Washington Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1845, andstudied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 14, 1847, by Steubenville Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 14, '48, by the same; was pastor at Wellsville, 
 O., Nov. 1848-55, andKnoxville until 1853; Paris, Washing- 
 ton Co., Pa., i855-'75; of Hopewell, Butler Co., O,, Mar. 26, 
 1878-Jan. 26, '84. For seven years he was principal of the 
 Wellsville Academy and for six years of the Paris Academy. 
 Died Aug. 19, 1884, of dysentery. 
 
 CAMPBELL, James Oscar: 
 
 Was born Mar. 21, 1858, at Service, Beaver Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Mt. Union, O., in 1879, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Xenia and Union in N. Y. ; was licensed Ap. 25, 1882, by 
 Xenia Pres., and ordained Sep. 5, '83, by Arkansas Valley; 
 pastor of Arkansas City, Kan., Sept. 5, 1883-Mar. 8, 1887. 
 
 CAMPBELL, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Glenlion, Perthshire, Scotland, and came with 
 his father Donald to this country in 1802, and settled in Gal- 
 way, Saratoga Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1808, 
 and studied theology in New York; was licensed Ap. 20, 
 1812, by Saratoga Pres., and ordained July 8, '13, by the 
 same, and installed pastor of Caledonia, Livingston Co., 
 N. Y., where he died. May i, 181 7. 
 
 CAMPBELL, John Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born March 21, 1825, in Johnson Co., Ind. ; was 
 graduated at Indiana University in 1845, ^^^^ studied theo- 
 logy at Oxford ; was licensed in Ap., 1848, by Indiana Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 28, '54, by Butler; was pastor of Putney- 
 ville and Pine Creek, Nov., i854-'57; of Mt. Varnum and 
 Fairview, Butler Presbytery, 1857-59; died Aug. 8, i860. 
 
564 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 CAMPBELL, Joseph Collins*: 
 
 Brother of William A., was born at Union Springs, Lancas- 
 ter Co., Pa., Feb., 12, 1843; ^"^'^^ graduated at Westminster 
 in 1867, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed June 
 20, 1870, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained by the same 
 Nov. 18, '72; was pastor of the Sixth Ch., Philadelphia, from 
 his ordination to his death, which occurred Aug. 31, 1879, 
 from consumption. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Joseph Thomas; 
 
 Was born Feb., 3, 1838, in Antrim, O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1865, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 11, 1866, by Muskingum Pres., and 
 ordained by the same Oct. 26, '69; pastor of Mt. Hermon, 
 Guernsey Co. , O. ; since ordination, and S. S. for one-fifth 
 time at the Ridge since Jan., 1875- 
 
 CAMPBELL, Peter, (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Nov. 1784, in Cromie, Perthshire, Scotland; 
 was graduated at the University of Glasgow in 1814, and 
 studied theology in Edinburgh; was licensed Aug. 3, 1819, 
 by the Associate Pres., of Glasgow. In 1820 he emigrated to 
 the U, S. ; was ordained, sine tiUtlo^ Sept. , 28 of the same 
 year, by the Pres., of Philadelphia; labored as a missionary 
 for over two years in Virginia and the Carolinas; was pastor 
 of Florida, Montgom. Co., N. Y., Feb., 20, 1823-Sept. 1843; 
 spent twelve years in missionary work in Vermont and 
 Canada East, after which he retired from the active duties of 
 the ministry and settled in Cambridge, N. Y., where he died 
 Oct. 19, 1866. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Robert Gowen, D. D. : 
 
 Was born in Lower Chanceford, York Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1858, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 9, 1862, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained by 
 the same Nov. 24, '63; was pastor of Martin's Ferry, Nov., 
 1863-Sept., '67; of New Athens, O., 1867-June 8, '86. He 
 was President of Franklin College i867-'7i, and has been 
 Prof, of Latin and German since 1871. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Robert Gregg: 
 
 Was born Ap. 29, 1834, in county Down, Ireland, and came 
 
THE MINISTRY. 265 
 
 in early youth to Noblestown, Pa. ; graduated at Jefferson in 
 1863, and studied theology at Allegheny and Xenia; was li- 
 censed May I, 1866, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. I, '70, by Caledonia; pastor of Lyndon, Cattaraugus Co., 
 N. Y., Sept. I, 1870-N0V. 24, '80; Buffalo, Marquette Co., 
 Wis., June 21, 1882-Mar. 27, '87. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Robert K. (A. R.): 
 
 Brother of James C. ; was born May 6, 1832, in Washing- 
 ton Co., Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1852, and studied 
 theology' at Allegheny and Oxford; was licensed Ap. 4, 1855, 
 by the First Pres. of Ohio, and ordained by the same, Aug. 
 26, '56; was pastor of Sycamore, O., Ap., 1856-Ap., '65; of 
 Greenfield, O., Nov., i865-'7o; joined the Presbyterian Ch., 
 and has been pastor at South Salem, O., ever since. Publi- 
 cations: Systematic Beneficence, A Sermon, i860; History of 
 South Salem Presbyterian Church, 1873. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Robert Sleeth (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 16, 1823, at Antrim, O. ; was graduated at 
 Madison in 1850, and studied theology at Allegheny; was li- 
 censed Ap. 12, 1854, by the Second Pres. of Ohio, and or- 
 dained June 12, '56, by Iowa; was pastor of De Witt and 
 Elvira, la., June, 1 856-' 68; of Homestead, Rock Island Co., 
 111., Nov. II, 1872-Ap. 10, '78; supplied Davenport, la., a 
 year, and died without charge at New Concord, O., Jan. 10, 
 1880. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Thomas (A.)*: 
 
 Cousin of the poet Campbell; was bom Feb. i, 1763, in 
 Ireland, and graduated at Glasgow, in Scotland, and studied 
 theology with Dr. Bruce, of Whitburn; was ordained in 1798, 
 and held a pastoral charge for a number of years in connec- 
 tion with the Asso. Pres. of Market Hill, Ireland; came to 
 this country in the spring of 1807, and united with the Asso- 
 ciate Ch. on the i6th of May; was sent by Synod to the Char- 
 tiers Pres. , and was assigned as supply to the Buffalo congre- 
 gation. Dr. John Anderson was appointed to assist him in 
 holding a communion in the autumn of 1807. This the 
 Doctor failed to do, and gave to the Presbytery the following 
 reason: "That Mr. Campbell had publicly taught that there 
 
266 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 is not an appropriation of Christ to ourselves in the essence of 
 saving faith; and that we have nothing but human authority 
 or agreement for confessions of faith, testimonies, covenanting 
 and fast days before dispensation of the Lord's Supper. And 
 as Mr. Anderson judged that these propositions were incon- 
 sistent with some articles in our testimony, it appeared most 
 proper not to join with Mr. Campbell in the communion till 
 the matter should be inquired into." The Presbytery sus- 
 tained the reason, and at the next meeting tried Mr. Camp- 
 bell for error in doctrine in seven different particulars, found 
 him guilty and suspended him. He appealed to Synod, 
 which, at its meeting in May, 1808, "disapproved of Mr. 
 Anderson's conduct in said instance, because he had not first 
 written Mr. Campbell on the subject or sought an interview 
 with him, and likewise of the Presbytery sustaining said ex- 
 cuse." After giving a history of the Presbytery's proceedings 
 the Synod resolved that ' ' On the ground of the aforesaid ir- 
 regularities, they reverse the sentence of suspension passed by 
 them on Mr. Campbell." The Synod then concluded not to 
 send the case back to the Presbytery, but to issue it at once. 
 After much consideration and many explanations by Mr. 
 Campbell, it was finally concluded to rebuke and admonish 
 him. "After a few remarks he declared his submission, and 
 a brother having been employed in prayer he was accordingly 
 rebuked and admonished by the Moderator, and in this man- 
 ner the affair was issued." Armed with full extracts from 
 the minutes of the Synod, Mr. Campbell returned to the Pres- 
 bytery, where a not very welcome reception awaited him. 
 After some debate about the genuineness of the papers he had 
 presented, he resumed the possession of them, and entered a 
 formal declinature of the authority both of the Presbytery of 
 Chartiers and of the Associate Synod. Presbytery at once 
 suspended him, and after due citations, which he disregarded, 
 he was, on the 17th of April, 1810, formally deposed from the 
 office of the Gospel ministry and from the communion of the 
 Associate Church. 
 
 Mr. Campbell in Aug., 1809, appealed to the pious of all 
 parties by a printed "declaration and address," inviting all 
 to join him upon the simple platform of the Bible. A con- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 267 
 
 siderable number responded to the appeal, and a "Christian 
 Association" was organized upon Brush Run, in Washing- 
 ton Co., Pa., on the 7th of Sept., 1810, and on the 4th of the 
 following Oct., he made an unsuccessful application to the 
 Presbyterian Synod for ministerial fellowship. He was soon 
 after joined by his distinguished son, the Rev. Alex. Camp- 
 bell, who came fresh from the University of Edinburgh, 
 where he had imbibed the views of the Independents from 
 Greville Ewing. And on the 4tli of May 1811, the most of 
 those belonging to the Christian Association^ 30 in all, organ- 
 ized into a church with no creed but the Bible, and elected 
 Mr. Campbell as their elder, and licensed his son Alexander 
 as a preacher. During the summer a difficulty arose over 
 the baptism of an infant, which, after much discussion, re- 
 sulted in the conversion of the Campbells, father and son, and 
 a large portion of the Brush Run congregation, to the regular 
 Baptist views, so that they were all immersed on the 12th of 
 June, 1812, by Elder Luse, of the Baptist Church, and in 1813 
 they joined the Redstone Baptist Association. The liberal 
 views of the Campbells and their followers, known as Disci- 
 ples^ soon began to stir up trouble with conservative Baptists, 
 so that from some congregations they were excluded, and 
 from others they withdrew and organized separate congrega- 
 tions, which confederated under the name of the "Disciples 
 of Christ. " Thus, instead of uniting all believers into one 
 organization upon the platform of the Bible, without any 
 human creed, another sect was started, with a very definite 
 creed, both written and unwritten, and the Catnpbellite Bap- 
 tists are now numbered by the hundred thousand. Mr. 
 Campbell continued to preach in this connection till old age, 
 and died, Jan. 4, 1854, in the ninety-first year of his age, at 
 the residence of his son, in Bethany, West Virginia. 
 
 CAMPBELL, William Alexander: 
 
 Was born Nov. 26, 1828, in Lancaster Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Delaware College, Newark, Del., in 1856, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed June 26, i860, by Philadel- 
 phia Pres., and ordained Sept. 3, '61, by Xenia; was pastor 
 of Clifton, Greene Co., O., Sept., 1861-July 31, ^']']^ since 
 which he has been the general agent for the endowment of 
 Westminster Collesfe. 
 
268 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 CAMPBELL, William Taggart, D. D. : 
 
 Was bora July 21, 1836, in Antrim, O. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1870, and studied theology at Monmouth; was 
 licensed Feb. 22, 1871, by Le Claire Pres., and ordained June 
 14, same year, by Rock Island; pastor of Little York, 111., 
 June 1871-Dec., '74; of Second Church, Monmouth, 111., 
 since Feb. 25, 1875. Corresponding Secretary of the Board 
 of Education since 1878. 
 CANNING, William T. (A. R.): 
 
 Was received by the Monongahela Pres., June 29, 1852, 
 from the Free Church of Scotland, of the Province of New 
 Brunswick, and passed in the following winter to the State of 
 Mich., where he was pastor of Martyn, April i854-'7, and then 
 was certified to the Presbyterian Ch., in Canada. 
 
 CARLILE, William (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 4, 1815, in Shippensburg, Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1841, and studied theology in Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 9, 1843, ^Y ^^^ ^^S Spring Pres., and or- 
 dained by the same Oct. 25, '48; was pastor of Lower Chance- 
 ford and Hopewell, in York Co., Pa., Oct., 1848-May 15, '56, 
 since which he has preached as his health would allow, mak- 
 ing his home with his sisters in Shippensburg. 
 
 CARNAHAN, David T. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born July 5, 1820, in St. Clair, near Pittsburgh; 
 graduated at the Western University in 1840, and studied 
 theolog}^ at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 1842, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained June 24, '45, by the same; 
 was pastor of Lafayette and Mt. Pleasant, in Ind., i845-'47; 
 of the Third Asso. Ref. congregation of Philadelphia, June i, 
 1848-Aug. 27, '49; supplied Pottsville, Pa., 1849-51, and 
 was pastor Oct. 22, 1851-Sept. 28, '52: was S. S. at Cham- 
 bersburg and Gettysburg i852'-54; joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch. , and was pastor in Baltimore, Gettysburg, and Oil City, 
 Pa. , and is now on the Pacific coast. 
 
 CARNAHAN, George Edward: 
 
 Was born, Jan. 27, 1859, ^^ Culmerv-ille, Allegheny Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1881, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 7, 1885, by Allegheny 
 
THE MINISTRY. 269 
 
 Pres., and ordained June 15, '86, by Concordia; pastor of 
 Four Mile, Clay Co., Kan. since ordination. 
 CARSON, David (A.)*: 
 
 Was bom Oct. 25, 1799, in Greencastle, Franklin Co., Pa., 
 and brought up under the ministry of John Lind; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1819; studied theology in New York 
 under Dr. Mason until the suspension of the Seminary, and 
 finished under Dr. Banks, in Philadelphia; was licensed Oct. 
 8, 1823, by the Asso. Pres. of Philadelphia, and ordained 
 Nov. II, '24, by Miami; was pastor of Big Spring, Pistol 
 Creek and Monroe, in east Tennessee, Nov., 1824-Ap., '34. 
 He was elected Professor of Hebrew and Church History in 
 the Asso. Seminary at Canonsburg in Oct., 1833, and, having 
 accepted, arrived in Canonsburg the following June; but the 
 fatigue and exposure of the journey brought on a lung trouble, 
 from which he died Sept. 25, 1834, before entering upon the 
 active duties of his professorship. Publications: A Review 
 of the Hopkinsiau System, and occasional articles in the 
 periodical press. 
 CARSON, David Walker, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. David; was born Oct. 21, 1830, at Mary- 
 ville, Blount Co., Tenn. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1847, 
 and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Jan. 7, 
 1 85 1, by the Pres. of Chartiers, and ordained Oct. 5, '52, by 
 the same; was pastor of Service, Pa., 1852-Sept. 5, ''^']\ was 
 installed Oct. 10, 1878, at Burgettstown, Pa. ; was Moderator 
 of the General Assembly of 188 1. 
 CARSON, James Gillespy, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. David; was born near Maryville, Blount 
 Co., Tenn., Feb. 11, 1833; was graduated at Jefferson in 
 1849, ^^<^ studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 
 22, 1855, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Nov. 13, '56, by 
 the same; was pastor of South Buffalo, Washington Co., Nov., 
 1856-May, '67; of Canonsburg, Oct., 1867-Oct., '69; of 
 Second Church, Xenia, O., since Dec, 1869. Has been Pro- 
 fessor of Homiletics and Pastoral Theology in the Xenia 
 Theological Seminary since 1873. Publications: An Address 
 on the Relation of Church Members to Secret Societies; and 
 articles in the periodical press and several Doctrinal Tracts. 
 
270 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 CARVER, Thomas G. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in England; educated and ordained under the 
 auspices of the "Congregational Union of England and 
 Wales;" came to the U. S. during the spring of 1848, and 
 united with the Pres. of New York on the 15th of June; com- 
 menced as S. S. in July in Fall River, Mass., but in Mar., 
 1849, h^ ^^^^ ^^^ church irregularly and joined the Methodist, 
 and soon afterward the Episcopal Church. Died in Harrison, 
 N. Y., in 1886. 
 
 CASKEY, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1806 in Rockbridge Co., Va., but the family 
 moved two or three years afterward to Cherry Fork, Adams 
 Co., O., where he spent his youth; he was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1831, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 21, 1835, by the First Pres. of Ohio, and or- 
 dained May 25, '36, by the same; was installed when ordained 
 as pastor of West Union and Russellville, in Adams Co., 
 O. ; resigned West Union in 1838, and assumed Ripley, in 
 Brown Co. ; resigned Russellville in 1851, and died in Ripley 
 Feb. 9, 1854, from prostration following an inflammatory at- 
 tack. Publications: Two Sermons in the Pulpit of the Asso. 
 Ref. Church. 
 
 CAW, David (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Scotland, and educated and ordained in the 
 United Secession Ch. ; came to the U. S. in 1832, and joined 
 the Asso. Ref. Synod of New York, and was installed in Feb. , 
 '34, as pastor at Broadalbin, Fulton Co., N. Y. After eight 
 or ten years a trouble sprung up, and the Presbytery, at the 
 request of the congregation, dissolved the relation May 14, 
 '45. During the summer he was certified to the United 
 Secession Ch. of Canada. 
 
 CHAMBERS, John P. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Ireland, and probably educated there; was 
 licensed Aug. 15, 1849, by the Lake Pres., and ordained, sme 
 tihilo^ by the same May 9, '50; was pastor of Pine Grove, 
 Venango Co., Pa., Nov. 19, 1850-May 20, '52; of Middletown, 
 la., June, 1857-Dec. , '62; in 1865 left the church, and is in 
 the Presbyterian Ch. in Iowa without charge. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 27 1 
 
 CHERRY, W. B. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 24, 1848, at New Plymouth, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Muskingum in 1871, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1874, by Allegheny Pres., and 
 ordained Mar. 26, '78, by Monongahela; was pastor of Nobles- 
 town, Pa., Mar. 26, 1878-June 26, '83; S. S. Marshalltown, 
 la., 1885- 
 CHRISTY, David Dunbar: 
 
 Was born Sept. 7, 1835, in Butler Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Madison and Franklin, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 12, 1854, by the Second Asso. Ref. Pres. of 
 Ohio, and ordained by the Presbytery of Saltsburg, (Presby- 
 terian Church,) July 3, i860; was pastor of Washington and 
 Centre 1860-63; studied medicine, (homeopathy); was S. S. 
 at Zelienople, Butler Co., 1866-68; pastor of Mountville, 
 Lawrence Co., Pa., 1871-73; settled in Osage Co., Kan., and 
 preaches occasionally and practices medicine. 
 CHURCH, Francis (A.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 3, 1806, in Newbury, England; was edu- 
 cated at Wills' Academy, in Newbury. In view of the eman- 
 cipation of the slaves in the West Indies soon to take place, 
 he went, in 1834, to the island of Barbadoes and engaged in 
 the teaching of the children of the blacks. In the island 
 there were no Presbyterian ministers or churches, so he 
 united with the Wesleyans. As he was in the habit of hold- 
 ing meetings in school houses, the Wesleyans insisted upon 
 his entering the ministry; so after studying theology with the 
 Rev. William Fiddler for a couple of years he was licensed in 
 1841 by the Wesleyan Quarterly Meeting. In Feb., 1844, 
 they sent him as missionary to the island of Trinidad. Here 
 he fell in with the Scotch Presbyterians, and in Feb., 1848, 
 resigned his Wesleyan charge, and on the 29th of Mar. , was 
 received by the Presbytery of the Free Church of Scotland, 
 and on the 7th of Dec. was ordained by it, and was pastor of 
 San Fernando until May 12, 1855, when his wife's health re- 
 quired a northern climate. He came to Philadelphia and 
 joined the Asso. Church, having had the Associate Mission in 
 Savannah Grande for two or three years under his care or 
 supervision before leaving Trinidad. Has been pastor of the 
 
272 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 First Associate congregation in Philadelphia since Jan. lo, 
 
 1856. 
 
 CHRYSTIE, James, D. D., (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in New York city and brought up under the min- 
 istry of Dr. Mason and educated at Columbia College. At an 
 early age he married the daughter of a prominent member of 
 the Collegiate Dutch Ch., and united with that church and 
 went into business some time before he became a student of 
 theology. He studied theology in New York under Dr. 
 Mason 1812-15; was licensed in 1815 by the Dutch Classis of 
 New York, and ordained in '16 by the Classis of Washing- 
 ton; was pastor of the Dutch Ch., of Greenwich, Washington 
 Co., N. Y., i8i6-'i8; joined the Asso. Ref. Church and was 
 pastor at Newburgh, N. Y., Sept., i8i8-'2i. While pastor 
 at Newburgh he wrote and published his ' ' Strictures upon 
 Dr. Mason's Plea for Holy Communion on Catholic Princi- 
 ples." In Oct., 1821, he joined the Reformed Presbyterian 
 Church, (Covenanter,) and for many years held a prominent 
 position in that church as pastor and professor of theology, 
 and was then deposed from the ministry in 1858 for immor- 
 ality; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1863. 
 
 CIvAPPERTON, James B. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 12, 1836, in Hamden, Delaware Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1866, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 28, 1868, by Delaware 
 Pres,, and ordained June 22, '69, by Argyle; was pastor of 
 E. Salem, Washington Co., N. Y., June, 1869-Feb., '76; 
 and of Ryegate, Ver., June 10, 1876-July 3, '81; W. 25th St. 
 New York, Sept. 5, 1882.- 
 
 CLARK, Alexander Downs, D. D., (A. R.):* 
 
 Was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., Dec. 23, 1813, and was 
 early taken by his parents to Belmont Co., O. ; entered 
 Franklin College in 1831, and was graduated in 1839; during 
 the greater part of this time he acted as tutor in languages; 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed April 30, 1844, 
 by the Second Pres., of O., and ordained Aug., 12, '46, by the 
 same. He became President of Franklin College and S. S. , 
 at New Athens in the spring of 1845, and was elected Pro- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 273 
 
 fessor of Biblical Iviterature and Criticism in the Theological 
 Seminary, in Allegheny in '47; spent his winters in the Semi- 
 nary and summers in the College until '61, when he dissolved 
 his connection with the College and became pastor of the 
 Sixth Ch., Allegheny. Continued as pastor and professor 
 until his death, Ap. 12, 1884. 
 CLARK, George M. : 
 
 Was born in Scotand, and educated in Pictou, Nova Scotia; 
 was pastor in Shelbourne, Nova Scotia, for some time, and 
 then came to the U. S. in 1868; was pastor in East Boston, 
 Mass., Oct., 1869-July, '70, and afterward passed to Canada. 
 
 CLARK, James Armstrong: 
 
 Was born Dec. 4, 1831, in Roberton Parish, Roxburgh- 
 shire, Scotland; was educated at the Free Church Normal 
 College in Edinburgh, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 15, 1857, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap, 12, '59, by Butler; was installed at ordination 
 pastor of Prospect and Mt. Chestnut, Butler Co. ; released 
 from the latter Feb. 2, 1876, and in its stead installed at Por- 
 tersville. May 5, 1876. 
 CLARK, James Henderson: 
 
 Was born Sept. 14, 1855, in Guernsey Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Muskingum in 1883, ^^^ studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1886, by Muskingum Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 13, '87, by Rock Island; pastor of Little York, 
 111., since ordination. 
 CLARK, John Baird (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 18, 1823, i^ Guernsey Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1847, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed May 28, 1851, by the Second Pres. of Ohio, 
 and ordained Oct. 19, '54, and installed by Iowa pastor of Le 
 Claire and connections, where he was killed by lightning 
 July 28, 1855. 
 CLARK, John Barr, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 9, 1827, ^^^^ Cadiz, O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1848, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed Oct. i, 1851, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 May 12, '53, by Chartiers; was pastor of Chartiers congrega- 
 
274 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 tion May, 1853-Sept., '60; of the Second Ch., Allegheny, 
 Nov. I, i860, until his death. He was colonel of a regiment 
 of volunteers during fourteen months of the civil war; was 
 Moderator of the General Assembly of 1865, and Correspond- 
 ing Secretary of the Board of Missions to the Freedmen 1863 
 -'70. Died Jan. 13, 1872, from disease of heart and kidneys. 
 
 CLARK, John X. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1782 at Greencastle, Franklin Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Dickinson in 1805, and studied theology four 
 years in New York, in the first class which took the whole 
 course; was licensed Sept. 12, 1809, by Big Spring, and was 
 ordained in '10 by New York; was pastor of the Second Asso. 
 Ref. or Pearl Street congregation, in New York city, 1810- 
 Sept. 30, 1817. He was deposed Ap. 13, 1820, for drunken- 
 ness, and restored in Ap., 1822, by the unanimous vote of 
 Pres., and died Sept. 13, 1824, in Greencastle, Pa. 
 CLARK, Joseph Leal (A. R.): 
 
 Was born June 20, 1827, in Kortright, Delaware Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1855, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed May 13, 1857, by Saratoga Pres., 
 and ordained July 22, '58, by the same; was pastor of Broad- 
 albin, Fulton Co., N. Y., July, 1858-June 10, '72; was S. S. 
 for two years at Indianapolis, Ind; pastor of Kerr Ridge and 
 Plumer, Crawford Co., Pa., Oct. 10, 1876-June 4, '83; Adams- 
 ville, same county, July 2, 1883- 
 
 CLARK, Samuel Findley: 
 
 Brother of John B., of Le Claire; was born in Guernsey Co., 
 O., Ap. 6, 1837; was graduated at Madison in 1861, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 1862, by 
 Muskingum Pres., and ordained Ap. 13, '65, by Chicago; 
 was pastor of Wheatland, 111., Ap., 1865-Oct. 11, '70; First 
 Ch., Princeton, Ind., Nov. 17, 1870-Ap. 16, '74; and Nassau 
 and White Oak, la., since Oct. 4, 1878, resigning the latter 
 June 13, '82. 
 
 CLARK, Samuel Watt (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born May 27, 1816, in Jefierson Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Bethany College, W. Va., 1843, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 1846, by Steubenville 
 
THE MINISTRY. 275 
 
 Pres., and ordained Aug. 3, '47, by Monongahela; was pastor 
 of St. Clair, near Calcutta, Columbiana Co., O., Aug., 1847- 
 Dec. 14, '58; served in the Ohio Legislature and Constitu- 
 tional Convention; resided at Richmond, O., without charge, 
 where he died Mar. 24, 1881, from paralysis. 
 CLARK, Thomas, M. D. (A)*: 
 
 Was born in 1722 or '3 in Scotland; was graduated at Glas- 
 gow University, where he also took the degree of Doctor of 
 Medicine, and commenced the study of theology in the Asso- 
 ciate Hall, and finished after the schism of 1747 in the Burgher 
 Hall under Ebenezer Erskine, and was licensed Ap., 1748, by 
 the Presbytery of Glasgow. He was immediately sent to 
 Ballybay, in Ireland, in answer to a petition from a portion of 
 Mr. Jackson's congregation (Synod of Ulster), who had seceded 
 because of the Socinianism of their pastor. Here he was 
 ordained and installed July 23, 1751, by the Associate Burgher 
 Presbytery of Glasgow. He labored here with great success, 
 but amid many trials and persecutions. He refused to swear 
 by "kissing the book," believing it unscriptural ; and al- 
 though he entered the army while a theological student, and 
 fought against the Pretender, yet he would not take the Oath 
 of Abjuration, because it recognized the king as the head of 
 the Church. Taking the advantage of these things, his So- 
 cinianized Presbyterian enemies had him arrested by the civil 
 authorities Jan. 23, 1754, while in the very act of moderating 
 in a call in the congregation of New Bliss. All that night 
 he was kept under guard in a tavern, and the next day was 
 taken and imprisoned in the jail of Monaghan. From this 
 place of confinement he wrote frequent letters of comfort and 
 instruction to his people, and they freely visited him. He 
 preached to as many of them as could convene every Sabbath, 
 and during his incarceration baptized thirteen infants, and 
 married one couple, who were afterward under his pastoral 
 care in South Carolina. When the day of trial came his com- 
 mitment was found to be erroneous and the whole thing a 
 fraud, and he was immediately discharged. He was urged to 
 prosecute his persecutors, with every assurance of success, but 
 he refused, saying : ' ' Vengeance is mine ; I will repay, saith 
 the Lord." 
 
276 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 In 1763 he received two invitations to visit two settlements 
 in America, one in Rhode Island and the other near Albany, 
 N. Y. Wearied with his contendings, he regarded these calls 
 favorably, and his Presbytery gave him leave of absence for a 
 year; but when he came to sail from Newry, on the i6th of 
 May, 1764, it was found that the mass of his congregation, to 
 the extent of three hundred souls, were ready to sail with him. 
 After arriving in New York a portion of his parishioners went 
 to Abbeville, South Carolina, where some friends had gone 
 before, while the great majority settled with him in Salem, 
 N. Y. His pastoral relation had never been disturbed; his 
 church had simply been transplanted, and he continued on in 
 Salem as the pastor of the eight ruling elders and one hun- 
 dred and j&fty communicants and children that had come with 
 him from Ballybay. 
 
 In the spring of 1782 he resigned his charge; made a year's 
 visit to his old parishioners in Abbeville, S. C. He then re- 
 turned north, identified himself with the Associate Reformed 
 Church, presided as its Moderator in 1783, and missionated 
 for two years. After this he returned to Abbeville county in 
 1785, and was soon afterward installed pastor of Cedar Spring 
 and Long Cane, where he died of apoplexy on the 25th of 
 Dec, 1792. 
 
 He was a man of blunt manners and of great eccentricities 
 of character, but he was wholly devoted to the cause of Christ 
 and in active labors exceedingly abundant. Wherever he 
 went and in whatever he was engaged, he preached Christ, and 
 the Lord greatly blessed his labors. He had a marvelous 
 ability in adapting himself to circumstances and in turning 
 them to good. While once preaching, two dogs met in front 
 of the pulpit and began a fight. After they were ejected and 
 quiet restored, instead of going on with his sermon, he asked 
 his people if they knew what those dogs had been doing. He 
 said they had been preaching, and that the subject of their 
 discourse was original sin and the consequences of the fall, 
 and then added some illustrations and applications which they 
 never forgot. On one occasion, while traveling in Vermont, 
 he fell into company with a stranger with whom he rode a 
 good part of the day. Coming at last to a place where their 
 
THE MINISTRY. 277 
 
 roads parted, they bade each other farewell, and rode each 
 on his own way for a short distance. The Doctor then stopped 
 and called to his fellow-traveler to come back, that they had 
 forgotten something. When met again at the forks of the 
 road the Doctor said: "Sir, we have been traveling together 
 some hours, enjoying each other's company, and may never 
 meet again. I think it would be well, before parting, to have 
 a word of prayer. ' ' They dismounted, and, kneeling by the 
 roadside, the Doctor made an appropriate and fervent prayer. 
 He then proposed to the other that he should pray. He de- 
 clined to do so, and being much importuned at last acknowl- 
 edged that he had never prayed in his life. The Doctor would 
 take no denial. He told him that if he had never prayed 
 hitherto it was certainly high time to begin. The man, find- 
 ing that there was no escape, kneeled down and said, ' ' lyord, 
 thou knowest that I can't pray at aU." "That," said the 
 Doctor, "is an excellent beginning; only persevere, and you 
 will do well. ' ' This was the means of the conversion of that 
 man, who became an active and useful Christian. Sabbath 
 morning once found him in the tavern of a Virginia hamlet, 
 where there was no place for religious worship; multitudes 
 were crowding in from the surrounding neighborhood, and he 
 soon learned that a horse-race was the order of the day. He 
 mingled with the throng, and just before the event was to 
 come off he raised himself into an elevated position, and, with 
 a loud voice, called out: "There is danger, my friends, there 
 is danger here; let us ask God to take care of us and bless 
 us;" and immediately commenced a prayer, which produced 
 a very general and powerful impression. Seeing his advan- 
 tage he followed this with a sermon, and when that was over 
 the crowd concluded that it was too late for the race, and dis- 
 persed. Publications: Some Letters (4) from the Rev. Thos. 
 Clark, minister of the Gospel, to his congregation at the new 
 meeting house in Ballybay, while prisoner in Monaghan jail, 
 pp. 52, 1754; Plain Reasons, a pamphlet in defence of the 
 use of the Psalms in praise; a Pastoral and Farewell Letter to 
 the Associate Congregation in Ballybay by their Former Pas- 
 tor, pp. 72, printed in Salem in 1811. This letter was un- 
 finished; he was in the very act of writing it when he died. 
 
278 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 He had just finished writing, "What I do thou knowest not 
 now; but thou shalt know hereafter." Here his pen dropped 
 from his fingers forever, for he was dead. 
 CLARKE, Matthew (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Aug. 10, 1823, i^ Pittsburgh, Pa.; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1848, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Mar. 26, 1851, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 Aug. 16, '53, by Blairsville; was pastor of Blairsville, Pa., 
 Aug., 1853-May I, '55; Bloomington, 111., Oct. 30, 1856- 
 May 31, '63; of Laporte, Ind., Oct. 6, 1865-Sept. 30, '68; 
 had charge of Chase City, Stanton River and Norfolk, Va., 
 1878-86, under the Freedmen's Board. He was for some 
 time Professor of Mathematics in Kenyon College, at Gam- 
 bier, O., and principal of the High School, Hyde Park, near 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 CLARKSON, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Scotland in 1738, and was graduated at one of 
 the universities; studied theology at the Anti-burgher Hall; 
 was ordained July 14, 1772, by the Associate (Anti-burgher) 
 Pres. of Glasgow, and came immediately to this country in 
 obedience to Synodic appointment. He connected himself at 
 once with the Presbytery of Pennsylvania, and was pastor of 
 Muddy Creek, now Guinston, York Co., Pa., Aug. 25, 1773- 
 Mar., 1808, although he was unable for the last three years 
 to do anything except act as Moderator of the Session. The 
 congregation continued to minister to his support until his 
 death, which occurred Oct. 30, 1811. He declined going into 
 the union of 1782, and, in connection with Mr. Marshall, 
 continued the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania. 
 
 CLARKSON, Thomas Beveridge (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. James; was born in 1794 at Guinston, York 
 Co., Pa.; was educated atjefierson, and studied theology with 
 Dr. John Anderson at Service; was licensed Ap. 4, 1820, by 
 Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Aug. 13, '22, by the same; 
 was pastor of Mercersburg, Franklin Co., and McConnells- 
 burg, Fulton Co., Pa., Oct. 8, 1823-Dec., '27. He remained 
 near Mercersburg in feeble health until the spring of 1836, 
 when he died from consumption. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 279 
 
 CLAYBAUGH, Joseph, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born July i, 1803, in Frederick Co., Md., and while 
 yet a child the family moved first to Westmoreland Co., Pa., 
 and then to Ohio. He received his preparatory education in 
 the Chillicothe Academy; was graduated at Jefferson in 1822, 
 and studied theology with the Rev. John Steele, of Xenia; 
 was licensed May 26, 1824, by the Presbytery of Ohio, and 
 ordained May 18, '25, by the same; was pastor of Chillicothe, 
 O., May, '25-39; of Oxford, O., 1840-Sept., '55. He was 
 principal of the Chillicothe Academy i825-'7, ^^^ professor 
 of theology in the Asso. Ref. Seminary, Oxford, O., from 
 1839 until his death, which occurred Sept. 9, 1855, from scrof- 
 ula. His last words were, "I see the King in His glory." 
 Publications: The Christian Professon, ai6mo. volume; Five 
 Sermons in the Pulpit of the Associate Reformed Church. 
 Dr. Claybaugh was a good scholar, an accomplished professor, 
 an eloquent preacher, a Christian gentleman, and a man of 
 high-toned piety. His health was always feeble, so that he 
 often rose from his bed to go and preach, and the marvel ever 
 was how he accomplished so much in the midst of his physi- 
 cal weakness. 
 
 CLAYBAUGH, William M. : 
 
 Son of the Rev. Dr. Joseph ; was born in Chillicothe, O. ; 
 was educated at Miami University, and studied theology at 
 Oxford and Allegheny; was licensed Jan. 4, i860, by the First 
 Pres. of Ohio, and ordained Ap. 11, '61, by Le Claire; was 
 pastor of Iowa City, la., i86i-'2; of Hartford, Conn., Ap. 30, 
 1863-5; I'hird Ch., Boston, Mass., Ap. 18, 1865-';; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch., and is pastor of Buck Creek, near Ur- 
 bana, O. 
 CLELAND, David M. : 
 
 Son of Rev. William J. ; was born July 2, 1858, in West 
 Delhi, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 
 1882, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 
 1885, by Sidney Pres., and ordained by Monongahela Ap. 27, 
 '86; pastor of Mt. Washington, near Pittsburgh, since Dec. 28, 
 1886. 
 CLEIvAND, Ebenezer Erskine: 
 
 Son of the Rev. William J. ; was born Aug. 13, 1853, ^^ 
 
28o THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Delhi, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Monmouth 
 in 1872, and studied theology at Xenia and Allegheny; was 
 licensed May 23, 1876, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Nov. 12, 
 '78, by Sidney; pastor of Sugar Run and Unionville, Union 
 Co., O., since ordination. 
 CLELAND, John Wilson: 
 
 Son of Rev. William J., was born June 7, 1855, at West 
 Delhi, Delaware Co. , N. Y. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 
 1879, ^^^ studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 11, 
 1882, by Sidney Pres., and ordained Oct. 15, '83, by College 
 Springs; pastor of Clearfield and Platte Valley, Taylor Co. , la. , 
 Oct. 15, 1883-Mar. 30, '87; of Wilton, 111., since Sep. '87. 
 CLBIvAND, William Johnson (A.)* : 
 
 Was born Feb. 14, 1814, in Portersville, Butler Co., Pa. ; was 
 educated privately, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed July 7, 1841, by the Pres. of Ohio, and ordained May 
 18, '43, by Albany; was pastor of the Second Asso. congrega- 
 tion of New York May, 1843-Ap. '46; of West Delhi, Dela- 
 ware Co., N. Y., June, 1847-June, '63; missionary to Owa- 
 tonna, Freeborn and Wilton, Minn., i863-'4, and of Wilton 
 until his death, which occured Aug. 31, 1876. 
 CLEMENTS, Alexander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland, educated at Belfast, and licensed by 
 the Pres. of Dungannon. He was received Jan. 20, 1848, by 
 the Asso. Pres. of New York (Stark's); was called to the new 
 organization, the Fourth Ch., New York, and was ordained 
 and installed May 25, '48. In 1853 ^^ ^^^ ^^^ congregation, 
 now known as the Twenty-eighth Street, united with the 
 Asso. Ref. Pres. of New York. He declined the union of 
 1858, and subsequently joined the Presbyterian Ch., and died 
 soon afterward in New York city. 
 CLOKEY, Alexander Wilson: 
 
 Son of Dr. Joseph; was bom in 1842, in Jefferson Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Wittenberg College, O., in 1864; studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed in 1867 by Xenia Pres., and 
 ordained Jan. 23, '68, by Indiana; S. S. at Indianapolis 1867-8; 
 pastor of Aledo, 111., 1869-July, '72; Hamilton, O., June 16, 
 1874-June 20, '76; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is located 
 in Germantown, Pa. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 28l 
 
 CLOKEY, Joseph, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born December 25, 1801, in Dauphin Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1822, and studied theology at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed July 4, 1826, by Chartiers Pres., and or- 
 dained Sep. 18, '27, by Muskingum; was pastor from time of 
 ordination of Belmont, McMahan's Creek and Mt. Pleasant, 
 Jefferson Co., O. ; resigned the former two in 1836 and asso- 
 ciated Piney Fork with the last; resigned these in 1847. I^ 
 1840 he passed from the Asso. to the Asso. Ref Ch. ; was pas- 
 tor of St. Clair, Alleghen> Co., Pa., 1848-55; of Springfield, 
 O., Mar. 1855-75; was Prof of Pastoral Theology and Sacred 
 Rhetoric in theTheo. Sem. at Xenia i859-'74, and Moderator 
 of the General Assembly of i860. Died suddenly Dec. 8, 1884, 
 from congestion of kidneys. 
 
 CLOKEY, Joseph W. : 
 
 Son of Dr. Joseph; was born Feb. 22, 1839, in Jefferson Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Wittenberg College, Springfield, O. , and 
 afterwards at Jefferson in 1862, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Mar. 31, 1863, by Xenia Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 6, '64, by Steuben ville; was pastor of Steubenville, O., 
 Sept. 1864-Dec. 28, '68; of Richmond, Ind., Ap. 28, 1870- 
 June 25, '72; joined the Presbyterian Ch. Ap. 10, 1873, and 
 is pastor of First Ch. , New Albany, Ind. 
 
 COCHRAN, David Calhoun (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. i, 1814, in Harrison Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1842, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 30, 1845, by Steubenville Pres., and ordained, 
 sine titulo^ July 17, '49, by Mansfield; was pastor at Ellis- 
 ville, Fulton Co., 111., July, 185 1-' 6; of Twin Grove, 111., 
 i857-'62; S. S. of Center, Kan., i866-'8; without charge 
 at Summit, Leavenworth Co., Kan., where he died Oct., 30, 
 1883. 
 
 COCKINS, James M. : 
 
 Brother of Vincent; was born Oct., 24, 1843, at Hickory, 
 Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 1865, 
 and studied theology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 10, 1867, by Sidney Pres., and was ordained Oct. 6, '68, 
 by Monongahela; was pastor of the Fourth Ch., Pittsburgh, 
 18 
 
282 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Oct., i868-May 3, '71; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is 
 
 at Ripley, O. 
 
 COCKINS, Vincent (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Washington Co., Pa., in 1827; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1846, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Mar., 27, 1849, ^Y Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 by the same Dec. 31, '50; was pastor of the Fourth Ch., Pitts- 
 burgh, from his ordination until his death, Dec. 16, 1851. 
 Publications: The Christian, a Living Sacrifice; A Sermon 
 in the Pulpit, Vol. Ill, of the Asso. Ref Church. 
 COLEMAN, Archibald B. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 15, 1830, in Indiana Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1859, ^^^ studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1861, by Conemaugh Pres., and 
 ordained July 8, '62, by the same; has been pastor of Lebanon, 
 Lincoln Co., Tenn., since July 10, 1868. 
 COLEMAN, William M. : 
 
 Was born in Ireland and reared in Pittsburgh; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1854, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed in June, 1857, by Allegheny Pres., (Associate,) and 
 ordained Ap. 12, '59, by Monongahela; was pastor of Ninth 
 Ch., Pittsburgh, (Birmingham,) Ap., 1859-June 29, '75, and 
 of W. Alexander, Washington Co., Pa., since Dec. 4, 1877. 
 
 COLLINS, David Wallace, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Brother of Dr. Samuel; was born Mar. 31, 1823, ^^ Xenia, 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1845, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed June 20, 1848, by Miami Pres., 
 and ordained Aug., 11 '49, by Northern Indiana; was pastor 
 of Dalton, O., Jan. 25, 1850-Ap. 20, '52; Mansfield and 
 Ontario June 23, 1854-Ap. 4, '64; of Blairsville, Pa., Dec. 
 9, 1865-Ap. ,11 '82. Is editor of the Christian Instnictor, 
 Publication: Musical Instruments in Divine worship con- 
 demned by the Word of God, pp. 100, 1881. 
 
 COLLINS, Isaac Wright*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 25, 1833, at North Shenango, Crawford 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 1859, ^^^ studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 8, 1861, by Lake 
 Pres., and ordained Mar. 2, 1863, by Chicago; was pastor of 
 
THE MINISTRY. 283 
 
 Neshannock and W. Salem, in La Crosse Co., Wis., 1862-5; 
 died May 20, 1865, of consumption. 
 COLLINS, Joseph Alexander (A.): 
 
 Brother of Dr. Samuel; was born Ap. 9, 1829, ^^^^ Xenia, 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1852, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg and Xenia; was licensed June 18, 1856, by 
 Xenia Pres., and ordained Aug. 10, '58, by Shenango; was 
 pastor of Shenango, Pa., Aug.; 1858-Sept. 15, '63; associate 
 editor of The Prcsbyteria^i Witness^ Cincinnati, i865-'8; pas- 
 tor of Emporia and Americus, Kansas, June 15, i87o-'3; and 
 of Americus, until Aug. 21, '84; now co-editor of the Chris- 
 tian Instructor. 
 
 COLLINS, Samuel, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 23, 1821, at Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1842, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed July i, 1846, by Miami Pres., and ordained sine 
 titulo^ Sept. 10, '47, by the same. He spent the first four- 
 teen years of his ministry in the Home Mission work, resid- 
 ing at Yorkville, Wis. During this time he declined mission- 
 ary appointments by his Synod to the Island of Trinidad in 
 1848, to Oregon in 1850, to California in 1851, and to India 
 in 1853; was released from his Home Mission work in Feb. 
 i860; was pastor of Madison, Ind., Feb. i86o-Ap., '67; one 
 year in the Freedmen's Mission at Nashville, Tenn. ; Assis- 
 tant Superintendent and Superintendent of the Board of Pub- 
 lication Ap. I, 1868-July 18, '79; was S. S. of Ohio congre- 
 gation, 1874-Ap. '80, dividing with Cross Creek from Sept. 
 1877, and pastor of East Palestine, O., Ap., 1880-Dec. 13, '81. 
 
 COLVIN, Jesse Snyder: 
 
 Was born June 17, 1855, at New Haven, O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1880, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 5, 1882, by Chicago Pres., and ordained June 27, 
 '83, by Kansas; pastor at North Cedar, Kan., since ordina- 
 tion. 
 COMIN, John, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 13, 1815, near Antrim, Ireland; was gradu- 
 ated at Muskingum in 1847, ^^^ studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed in May, 1849, ^Y Second Ohio, and or- 
 
284 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 dained May 28, '51, by the same; installed at ordination pastor 
 of Salt Creek and East Union, Muskingum Co., O. ; demitted 
 the latter in i860, delegate to the Presbyterian Council of 
 1880. Died June 18, 1887. 
 
 CONNELLY, Henry (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 5, 1798, near Newville, Pa., but reared 
 from early boyhood near Stewartville, in Westmoreland Co. ; 
 was graduated at Washington in 1824, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny and Princeton; was licensed Ap. 30, 1829, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained Sept. 21, '32, by New 
 York; was pastor of Bloomingburg, Sullivan Co., N. Y., 
 1832-Aug. 24, '48. During most of the time he was Princi- 
 pal of the Bloomingburg Academy, and during the subsequent 
 part of his life was agent of the American Colonization Soci- 
 ety. Died in Newburgh, N. Y., Aug. 8, 1868. He pub- 
 lished an amended edition of the Psalms in Metre. 
 
 CONNER, Abijah*: 
 
 Son of William; was born in 1830, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; 
 educated at Franklin, and studied theology partly at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1859, ^y Monmouth Pres., and 
 ordained Oct. 16, '60, by Wheeling; pastor of Short Creek, 
 Tent and Middle Wheeling, West Va., Oct., i86o-Ap. 14, 
 '63; missionary to the Freedmen, Memphis, Tenn., i863-'4; 
 pastor of the Second congregation of Washington, la.. Mar., 
 1865-9; ^^^^ ^^^- 7» ^^7°- 
 CONNER, WiLUAM (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born May 17, 1799, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was edu- 
 cated at Jefferson, and studied theology with the Rev. Alex. 
 McCahan; was licensed Ap. 14, 1836, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 12, ^T,y, by the same; was pastor of Unity, 
 Allegheny Co. , from Ap. 1837, and of Beulah, Westmoreland, 
 Co., from 1844; resigned Unity and took Bethel, in Westmore- 
 land, Ap. 23, '49; resigned Bethel Ap. 25, 1852, and Beulah in 
 1857; of Blairsville and Conemaugh Ap., 1859, until his death, 
 which occurred Sept. 28, 1863, from neuralgia of the stomach. 
 Publication : A Sermon, in Vol. IV. of the Pulpit of the Asso. 
 Ref. Church. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 285 
 
 COOKE, William: 
 
 Was born in county Derry, Ireland; was partly educated at 
 Belfast, Ireland, and graduated at Franklin in 1856, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1857, by 
 Wheeling Pres., and ordained Nov. 10, '59, by Monmouth; 
 was pastor of Homestead, 111., Nov., 1859-Ap. '70; of Scotch 
 Hill, Butler Co., Pa., July, i8;3-Ap. i, '80. 
 
 COON, Reune Runyon (A. R.): 
 
 Was born June 11, 1815, in Somerset Co., New Jersey; aca- 
 demic classical education, and studied theology at Oxford ; was 
 licensed in Oct., 1840, by the First Pres. of Ohio, and ordained 
 in May, '42, by Indiana; was pastor of Providence, Frankfort 
 and Mt. Hope, Clinton Co., Ind., May 1842-May, '48; of 
 Harmony, Peoria Co., 111., May, 1848-Oct., '54; returned to 
 the Regular Baptist Ch., in which he had his early training, 
 and is pastor at Sublette, Lee Co., Ill, Publications: Future 
 and Endless Punishment, i2mo., pp. 368, 1850, Cincinnati; 
 A Sermon, in Vol. IV. of the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 
 COON, Samuel McClarty (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 3, 1816, in Plum township, Allegheny Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1838, and studied theology 
 at the Presbyterian Sem. in Allegheny; was licensed Oct. 18, 
 1844, by the Ohio Pres., (Presbyterian,) and ordained Ap. i, 
 '45, by the same; was missionary under the Free Ch., Canada, 
 i847-'8; joined the Asso. Ref. Ch., and was pastor of Bethel 
 and Brush Valley, Indiana Co., Pa., Jan., 1850-Ap., '55; of 
 Lisbon and Vernon, Wis., Oct., 1855-Ap., '62; missionary to 
 the Freedmen in Mississippi 1864-5; S. S. in Savannah, O. , 
 i866-'7i, and pastor of Salineville and Mechanicstown, O., 
 Dec, 1871-Ap., '82. Died Oct. i, 1886. Publication: Tract 
 U. P. Board No. 3, of Publication, pp. 12. 
 
 COOPER, Ebenezer Calvin: 
 
 Was born Oct. 23, 1842, in Perry Co., 111.; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1862, and studied theology at Monmouth; 
 was licensed June 20, 1867, by Kans. Pres., and obtained 
 license, sine titulo^ Mar. 18, '69, by the same; labored as mis- 
 sionary and S. S. in the Neosho Pres. Kan. for ten years; 
 pastor of Lincoln and Pretty Prairie, Kingman Co., Kan., 
 
286 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Aug. 5, 1879-Ap. 9, '85; Anthony, Kan., since June 17, '85. 
 
 COOPER, James H. : 
 
 Was born May 3, 1835, near Glenwood, Rush Co., Ind. ; 
 was graduated at Miami in 1861, and studied theology one 
 year privately, one year at Xenia, and two years in the Re- 
 formed Presbytery Sem. in Philadelphia; was licensed Ap. 6, 
 1864, by the Ohio Ref. Pres. Presbyter^', and ordained Sept. 
 12, '66, by the Chicago Presbytery (R. P.); was pastor of 
 Mount Vernon, la., Sept., 1866-Nov., '67; Morning Sun, O., 
 Nov., 1867-Oct., '74. In the autumn of 1870 he and the 
 larger part of his congregation joined the United Presbyterian 
 Church; S. S. at Topeka, Kan., for one year. Joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch., and is pastor at Mount Vernon, la. 
 
 COOPER, Joseph Tate, D. D., LL. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 26, 1813, in Baltimore, Md. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1834, with the honors of his class, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed July 4, 1838, 
 by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Sept., 25, '39, by the 
 same; was pastor of the Second Asso. congregation in Phila- 
 delphia, Sept., 1839-Aug., 15, '71; was special missionary to 
 California for one year of this period, and organized the 
 United Presbyterian congregation in San Francisco; was edi- 
 tor of the Evangelical Repository for twenty-eight years and 
 co-editor of the Christian Instructor for three years ; was Mod- 
 erator of the General Assembly of 1862, and Stated Clerk of 
 the Gen. Ass., i863-'75, and professor of didactic and polemic 
 theology in the Seminary at Allegheny i87i-'86. He was a 
 delegate to the First Pan-Presbyterian Council in Edinburgh 
 in 1877. Publications: Lectures on Odd Fellowship, i8mo. ; 
 The Spiritual Arithmetic, i8mo., pp. 247, 1858; Inquire 
 Vindicated (part of the Webster controversy,) pamphlet, pp. 
 45, 1843; Ministerial Consecration, a Sermon, 1861; The 
 Friends of an Inspired Psalmody Defended, pamphlet, pp. 28, 
 1850; Answers to Questions Without Answers, a pamphlet; 
 Sketch of William Bruce, D. D. , pp. 100, 1881, and a great 
 number of elaborate and exhaustive editorials during his 
 thirty years of editorial labors. Died Aug. 22, 1886. 
 COOPER, WiLUAM James: 
 
 Was born in July, 1842, at Paris, Washington Co., Pa.; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 287 
 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1870, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth and Allegheny; was licensed July 25, 1871, by 
 Frankfort Pres., and ordained June 9, '74, by Allegheny; 
 was pastor of Mt. Nebo, Allegheny Co., Pa., June, 1874-Ap. 
 '^^', of Reynoldsville, Pa., Aug., 1878-Mar. 25, '80; of Paris, 
 Pa., since June 15, 1880. 
 COUTTS, David (A.): 
 
 Was born and educated and licensed in Scotland; was or- 
 dained by the Stamford Pres., in June, 1836, and installed 
 pastor of the congregation of Esquesing, in Canada; he and 
 part of his congregation abruptly left the Associate Synod in 
 Oct., 1842, and joined the United Secession Synod of Canada. 
 
 COWAN, James P. : 
 
 Was born May 16, 1847, at Richland, Ind., and was gradu- 
 ated at Miami and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 Sept. 5, 1872, by Indiana Pres., and ordained June 14, '74, by 
 Des Moines; pastor of Des Moines City, la., June, 1874-Ap., 
 '78; of Indianapolis, Ind., since July 7, 1880. 
 COWPER, James Steenson (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1822 in Dunfermline, in Scotland; was 
 graduated at Union, N. Y., in 1847, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed May 22, 1850; by New York Pres., 
 and ordained Jan., 22, '52, by Washington; was pastor of 
 Oxbow, N. Y., Jan., 1852-Ap. 4, '54; returned to Scotland, 
 took a pastorate in the Free Church, and died in 1866 at 
 North Queensferry. Publication: A Sermon, in Vol. Ill, of 
 the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 COX, William Robert: 
 
 Was born Feb. 24, 1850, near Tarentum, Pa. ; was educated 
 at Westminster and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 11, 1876, by Brookville Pres., and ordained May 
 I, '77, by Cleveland; was pastor of Liberty, O., May, 1877- 
 May I, '80, and of Red Oak, la., June 2, i88(^Aug, 31, '86; 
 Lenox, la., since Nov. i, 1886-. Taught two years in the 
 Dayton Academy. 
 
 CRABBE, Henry Wilson: 
 
 Was born May 21, 1839, at Canonsburg, Carroll Co., O. ; 
 after finishing his Sophomore year he entered the army as a 
 
288 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 private, and continued in the service until after the battle of 
 Stone River, when he was discharged for physical debility. 
 In about a year he recuperated and re-entered Westminster, 
 where he was graduated in 1865, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed in Ap., 1867, t>y Sidney Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 22, '68, by Indiana; was pastor of Shiloh, Henry 
 Co., Ind., Ap. , 1 868-' 9; of St. Louis, spring 1869-Sept, 14, 
 '72; of Buffalo, N. Y., May, 1873-Dec. 11, '84; ist Mercer, 
 Pa., Aug. 25, 1885-Sept. 27, '87. 
 
 CRAIG, Abraham (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. John; was born in Ireland, and partly edu- 
 cated there; was graduated at Dickinson in 1795; studied 
 theology privately; was licensed by First Pres. of Penn., and 
 ordained by the same in 1800; was pastor of Cynthiana, Har- 
 rison Co., Ky., 1800-6; of Jonathan's Creek, Rush ville and 
 Crooked Creek, O., 1808-23; ^<^oh umbrage at the Synod, 
 and refused to attend Presbytery or Synod, or obey the ap- 
 pointments of either, and in 1828 declined the authority of 
 Synod. The Second Pres. of Ohio, by synodic direction, 
 suspended him May 6, 1829, for contumacy and insubordina- 
 tion. He died about 1855, in Greene Co., unwept and un- 
 honored. 
 CRAIG, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland about 1744, and was educated in Scot- 
 land ; was licensed and ordained by the Associate Ch. of Ire- 
 land, and filled a pastorate in it for some twenty years. He 
 came to the U. S. in 1793, and connected with the Asso. Ref. 
 Pres. of Pennsylvania. In the autumn of the year of his arri- 
 val he accepted a call to the Big Spring congregation at New- 
 ville, Pa., and entered at once upon the charge. In the 
 spring of 1794 Mr. Logan, of Juniata Co., came as the Com- 
 missioner of Pres. to install him, and found him dead, and 
 buried him on the day he was to be installed. 
 
 CRAIG, John Liggett (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 7, 1828, in Allegheny City; was graduated 
 at Duquesne College in 1846 and at Jefferson in 1847, ^^^ 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 26, 1851, 
 by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Oct. 12, '54, by Indiana; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 289 
 
 was pastor of Princeton, Ind., from Dec. 30, 1854, until his 
 death. He entered the army during the civil war as chaplain 
 of the 17th regiment of Indiana Mounted Veterans, and died 
 July II, 1865, at Macon, Georgia, of camp fever. 
 CRANE, James C. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was licensed and ordained as a domestic missionary in 
 May, 181 7, by the Pres. of New York, and in 1820 was dis- 
 missed to the Presbyterian Church. 
 CRAWFORD, Archibald: 
 
 Was born Sept. 24, 1836, in Ireland; was graduated at An- 
 tioch College, Yellow Springs, O., and studied theology at 
 the Presbyterian Sem. at Auburn, N. Y. ; was licensed by the 
 Presbyterian Pres. of Cayuga, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1861; returned 
 to Ireland, and was ordained Oct. 15, '64, by the Pres. or 
 Cavan. After a short pastorate in Ireland returned to the 
 U. S. , and was pastor of the United Presbyterian congrega- 
 tion of Newark, N. J., Oct. i, 1869-Ap. i, '77; of the Fourth 
 Ch., Philadelphia, May 3, 1879-Oct. 30, '83. 
 CRAWFORD, John, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in the town of Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y., 
 May 8, 1827; was graduated at Union in 1847, among the 
 very highest on the merit roll of a class numbering eighty- 
 five graduates ; studied theology at Newburgh ; was licensed 
 May 30, 1852, by Washington Pres. ; after spending several 
 years in the home missionary field he was appointed, in June, 
 1856, by the Synod of New York, as missionary to Syria. In 
 view of this he studied medicine the next winter in Philadel- 
 phia, and was ordained Ap. 13, '57, by Washington Pres.; 
 sailed Oct. i, and arrived at Damascus Nov. 26, and has re- 
 mained in Syria ever since. When the Syria Mission was 
 transferred to the Presbyterian Ch. of Ireland, his ecclesiasti- 
 cal relations were not changed. 
 
 CRAWFORD, Luke Irwin: 
 
 Was born in Mercer Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Westmin- 
 ster in 1858, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 4, 1861, by Mercer Pres., and ordained June 16, '64, by 
 he Claire; pastor of Wyoming, Jones Co., la., June, i864-'9; 
 Sandy Lake and Utica and Sandy, Mercer Co., Pa., installed 
 
290 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 July I, 1870; resigned Utica in '73, Sandy July, '74, and 
 Sandy Lake Aug. 12, '79; was also editor of the weekly paper 
 at Sandy Lake. 
 
 CREE, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1754, in Perth, Scotland; was graduated at 
 Glasgow, and studied theology in the Theo. Hall of the Gen. 
 Asso. Synod; was licensed in Scotland in 1786, and came to 
 this country in 1790; supplied the Asso. Ch. in New York 
 city for a year, and was then ordained and installed its pastor 
 Oct. 12, '92; remained pastor until '94 or '95; pastor of the 
 Asso. congregation in Rockbridge Co., Va., until 1803; Dec, 
 14, 1803, he accepted a call from Fairfield and Donegal, in 
 Westmoreland Co., Pa., and entered immediately upon the 
 duties of the pastorate. Arrangements were made for his in- 
 stallation, but a trouble sprung up in the Pres. which inter- 
 ferred with the carrying of them out, and before new measures 
 could be taken he died, so that he was never formally installed, 
 although two years and a half in the charge. He died Ap. i, 
 1806. 
 
 CRESWELL, Robert Johnson: 
 
 Was born July 23, 1844, in Fairview, W. Va. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology at New- 
 burgh; was licensed Sept. 11, 1869, ^Y ^^^ Pres. of Tenn., 
 and ordained Dec. 26, '71, by Delaware; was pastor of Mere- 
 dith, Delaware Co., N. Y., Dec, 1871-73; was connected for 
 a time with the Freedmen's Mission in Tenn., and was Prin- 
 cipal of Andes Collegiate Institute 1 873-' 74; was for a season 
 lecturer of the New York State Temperance Society; passed 
 in 1875 to the Presbyterian Ch., and has had several charges 
 in Dakota and Minnesota. 
 
 CRISWELL, Robert C. : 
 
 Was born Mar. i, 1849, i^ Butler Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1874, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, 1877, by the Beaver Valley Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 17, '78, by Muskingum; pastor of Lebanon, 
 Guernsey Co., O., Ap. 17, 1878-Oct. 21, '85; Ontario, O., 
 since June 8, 1886. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 29I 
 
 CROSBIE, Alexander Hodder: 
 
 Was born Mar. 5, 1855, in Washington, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Washington and Jefferson in 1878, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1881, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 ordained Nov. 3, '81, by Philadelphia, pastor at Oxford, 
 Chester Co., Pa., Nov. 3, i88i-May 22, '87; 119th St., New 
 York, since Sep. 1887- 
 CROTHERS, Samuel, D. D., (A. R)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 22, 1783, in Franklin Co., Pa., and his 
 father's family removed to Kentucky in 1787; was educated 
 at Lexington Academy, and studied theology in New York 
 under Dr. Mason; was licensed Nov. 9, 1809, by the Ken- 
 tucky Pres., and ordained Jan. 31, '11, by the same; was in- 
 stalled pastor of Chillicothe and Hop Run, (Greenfield,) O., 
 at ordination; resigned the former in '13 and the latter Ap. 
 10, '18; went to Winchester, Ky,, in 1818, and preached and 
 taught there for a year. He did not sympathize with the 
 movement to make the Asso. Ref Synod of Scioto indepen- 
 dent of the General Synod; so in 1819, while in Kentucky, 
 he united with the Presbyterian Ch. , and came back to Green- 
 field, O., and organized a Presbyterian Ch., mainly from his 
 old Hop Run congregation. He was pastor of this new or- 
 ganization from June 24, 1820, until his death, which occurred 
 July 20, 1856, from apoplexy, while on a visit to a son at 
 Oswego, 111. Publications: Gospel of the Jubilee, i8mo., pp. 
 222, 1839; Life of Abraham, i2mo., pp. 220, 1847; and 
 numerous sermons and pamphlets, mostly in opposition to 
 slaver}^ 
 
 CROWE, James: 
 
 Was born Mar. 13, 1824, in Manorcunningham, county 
 Donegal, Ireland; was graduated at Westminster in 1859, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 4, i860, by 
 Mercer Pres., and ordained Nov. 20, '60, by Philadelphia; 
 pastor of the Ninth Ch., Philadelphia, since his ordination. 
 He had been in business in Philadelphia and had been or- 
 dained a ruling elder in the Second Asso. congregation before 
 he entered college in 1854. 
 
 CROWE, Nelson K. : 
 
 Was born Dec. 15, 1830, at Princeton, Ind. ; was graduated 
 
292 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 at the State University of Indiana, and studied theology at 
 New Albany, Ind. , (Presbyterian); was licensed in Ap. 1855, 
 by the Presbytery of O. , (Ref. Pres.), and was ordained Jan. 
 ^5) '57) by the Western Presbytery of that church, as pastor 
 of Unity and Hill Prairie, la. In 1866 he united with the 
 United Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor at Walton, Dela- 
 ware Co., N. Y., 1868-July, 1872, after which he joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. , and is now at Oak Ridge O. 
 
 CUMMINS, Cyrus (A.)*: 
 
 Was born July 10, 181 2, in Kishacoquillas valley, Mifflin 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Washington in 1840, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in July, 1844, by 
 Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Oct. 23, '46, by Miami; 
 was installed pastor of Caesar's Creek and Sugar Creek, 
 Greene Co., O., at ordination, and demitted the latter in '53 
 and the former in Ap., '61; of Mt. Jackson, Lawrence Co., 
 Pa., Oct., 1861-Sept., '69; installed at Bethel and Clarks- 
 ville, Mercer Co., Pa,, Ap., 1870; demitted the latter in Dec, 
 ' 76, and associated Lebanon with the former. Resigned both 
 Aug. 25, '85. Died Sept., 12, 1887, of apoplexy. Publica- 
 tions: Against Affinity Marriages, pp. 12, 1869; A Thanks- 
 giving Sermon, 1868. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM, John D., (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1816 near Hickory, Washington Co. , Pa., but 
 his father's family soon afterward moved to a farm near New 
 Concord, O. ; was graduated at Washington in 1839, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1843, 
 by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Oct. 16, '44, by Stamford; 
 was pastor of Esquesing, in Upper Canada, 1844-May, '48; 
 was domestic missionary in Iowa for four or five years; in 
 July, 1853, he was installed pastor of Otter Creek, in Jackson 
 Co., la., and in the summer of '60 he and his congregation 
 withdraw from the United Presbyterian Presbytery of Le 
 Claire and connected themselves with the residuary Associate 
 Synod. In 1874 he and his congregation left Otter Creek, 
 and going as a colony settled in Wayne Co., la., where he 
 died in 1876. 
 CUNNINGHAM, Robert John: 
 
 Was born May 28, 1850, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; educated 
 
THE MINISTRY, 293 
 
 privately and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. II, 1876, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained Aug. 23 of 
 the same year by Argyle; pastor of East Salem, Washington 
 Co., N. Y., Aug. 23, 1876-Ap. '87, joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and is located at Cawfordsville, Ind. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM, Thomas M., D. D., (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1829, i^ New Concord, O., was graduated at 
 Muskingum in 1848, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 16, 185 1, by the Second Pres., of O., and or- 
 dained Oct. 12, '52, by First Illinois; was pastor in St. Louis, 
 Mo., Ap. i853-'57; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and held pas- 
 torates in Chicago, and Indianapolis, and Philadelphia, and 
 San Francisco; and died in Oakland, Cal., Feb. 22, 1880. 
 CURRIE, David (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 21, 1793, in Moffat, Scotland, and princi- 
 pally educated in his native country; studied theology^ one 
 year, i823-'4, at Princeton Seminary; was licensed Aug. 31, 
 1824, by Saratoga Pres., and ordained Jan. 5, '26, by the 
 same; was pastor of Sterling, Cayuga Co., N. Y., May 11, 
 1826-June 20, '42; recalled and again pastor Oct. 20, 1846- 
 June 29, '53; was then for a number of years Country Super- 
 intendent of Common Schools, and died at Sterling Valley, 
 Feb. 22, 1875. Publications: Two Sermons in the Pulpit of 
 the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 
 CURRIE, Ebenezer*: 
 
 Brother of Walter P.; was born at Massie's Creek, Greene 
 Co., O., Feb. 10, 1834; united with the church when fifteen 
 years old; was graduated at Miami in 1861, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed June 24, 1862, by Xenia Pres,, 
 and ordained Oct. 8, '63, by the same; sailed Mar. 4, 1865, 
 as a missionary for Egypt, and died in Alexandria, Oct. 18, 
 1869, from Syrian fever contracted in Palestine. Nature, 
 culture and grace had specially fitted him for the missionary 
 work. 
 
 CURRIE, Walter Pinkerton (A.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 11, 1828, in Greene Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1852, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed Oct. 29, 1855, ^Y Miami and ordained Sept., 23, 
 
294 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 '58, by Northern Illinois; was pastor of Hanover, Jo Daviess 
 Co., 111., i858-'66; eight years a home missionary; and pas- 
 tor of Carnahan's Creek, Kan., Ap. 6, 1876-June 20, '83; in- 
 firm, resides at Garrison, Kan. 
 CURRY, William Wallace: 
 
 Was born Dec. 14, 1848, near Centreville, Butler Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1871, and studied theology 
 at Princeton and Allegheny; was licensed May 6, 1873, by 
 Cleveland Pres., and ordained Ap. 14, '75, by Beaver Valley; 
 was pastor of East Palestine, O., Ap., 1875-Ap., '78; of Bruce, 
 Mich., May 5, i88i-May, '87. 
 CUTHBERTSON, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 3, 17 18, in Ayrshire, Scotland, and studied 
 theology with the Rev. John McMillan; he was licensed May 
 16, 1744, and ordained, sine tituto^ Oct. 6, '44, by the Ref. 
 Pres. of Scotland, then consisting of John McMillan, Thomas 
 Naime and Alexander Marshall. In 1750 he was sent to Ire- 
 land and preached to the little societies of Old Dissenters or 
 Convenanters which were scattered through the northern 
 counties of that island. On the 20th of June, 1751, he sailed 
 from Derry Loch for America, and landed on Monday, 5th of 
 Aug., at New Castle, on the Delaware. This was undertaken, 
 most probably, at his own suggestion, but by the direction of 
 his Pres. There were at this time over five hundred Coven- 
 anters, adults and minors, scattered through that portion of 
 eastern Pennsylvania now covered by the counties of Chester, 
 Lancaster, Dauphin, York, Adams, Cumberland, Franklin 
 and Fulton. Mr. Cuthbertson visited all these within the 
 first month, preaching to eleven different clusters. He went 
 over this circuit every year for many years, and generally 
 held an annual communion in some central place to which 
 all resorted. The first was held Aug. 23, 1752, at Stony 
 Ridge, Cumberland Co., when about two hundred and fifty 
 communed, and the services on the Sabbath lasted for nine 
 hours. He was about one-third of his time in the saddle, and 
 in addition to his regular circuit, he visited Orange Co., N. Y., 
 three times, and Washington Co. twice, and at least once some 
 little clusters of families in Connecticut, Rhode Island and 
 New Hampshire, and as far westward as Washington Co. , Pa. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 295 
 
 111 Dec. 1773, Matthew Lind and Alexander Dobbin came 
 from Ireland to his assistance, and these three, with several 
 ruling elders, organized, Mar. 10, 1774, the Reformed Pres- 
 byterian Pres. of America, at Paxtang, six miles east of 
 Harrisburg, Pa. He now confined his labors principally to 
 Chester, Lancaster and York Cos. ; went with his Pres. into 
 the union of 1782 with the Asso. Pres., and continued in 
 the communion of the Asso. Ref. Ch. until his death, which 
 occurred Mar. 10, 1791. He was buried in the Lower Octo- 
 raro graveyard, where his tombstone can still be seen. After 
 1783, when he gave up Octoraro to Mr. Smith, he remained 
 the nominal pastor of Lower Chanceford, in York Co., and 
 Muddy Run, in Lancaster. The probabilities are that he was 
 never formally installed anywhere, but sustained a paternal 
 rather than pastoral relation to all the congregations which 
 he served. His diary, which is now in the possession of the 
 Rev. Joseph Buchanan, of Steubenville, O., shows that in 
 America he preached on 2,452 days, baptized 1,806 children, 
 married 204 couples, and rode on horseback about 70,000 
 miles, nearly equal to three times around the world. 
 DALES, John Blakely, D. D., LL.D., (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Aug. 6, 1815; was grad- 
 uated at Union in 1835, and studied theology at Newburgh, 
 N. Y. ; was licensed May 15, 1839, by the Pres. of New York, 
 and June 4, 1840, ordained and installed by the same as pas- 
 tor of the First Asso. Ref. congregation of Philadelphia, Pa. , 
 which office he still retains. Was editor of the Christian In- 
 structor \%\(y-']'^\ was Prof in Newburgh Theo. Sem. 1867-76; 
 was Moderator of the Gen. Ass. of 1867, and has been Cor. Sec. 
 of the United Presbyterian Board of For. Mis. since 1859. Del- 
 gate to the Presbyterian Council in 1880. Publications: " Ro- 
 man Catholicism, " a Sermon, 1842; "The Dangers and Duties 
 of Young Men," 1851; History of the Asso. Ref. Ch. and of 
 its Missions, in The Church Memorial, 1859; Biographical 
 Sketches of Dr. John Mason and Dr. Thomas Clark, in 
 Sprague's Annals; A number of special articles, historical 
 and biographical, in the Instructor^ in addition to his num- 
 erous editorials; The Gospel Minister, a Sermon, in Vol. V. 
 of the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Ch. ; Memorial Sermon on the 
 
296 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Fortieth Anniversary' of his Pastorate, 1881; History of the 
 United Presbyterian Ch. in SchafF-Herzog Encyclopedia, 1883. 
 
 DALZELL, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in county Down, Ireland, Oct. 31, 1820, and 
 came to America in 1827; "^^^ graduated at Duquesne Col- 
 lege in 1845, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 May II, 1848, by the Asso. Ref Pres. of the Lake, and or- 
 dained and installed Jan. 30, '50, by the same as pastor 01 
 Crooked Creek; resigned Oct. 10 of the same year, and spent 
 two years as missionary in Iowa; pastor of Mansfield and On- 
 tario, O., i853-'57; joined the Presbyterian Ch. in 1857, and 
 served two years at Kenton, O. ; six years at Hanover and 
 connections; three years at Corinth and Monroeville; four 
 years at Madison and Clarkson; three years at Mineral Ridge. 
 His health finally failed him, and he retired to Niles, O., 
 where he died Sept. 21, 1877. 
 
 DAVIDSON, Robert Jackson: 
 
 Was born July 24, 1852, in Thompsonville, Conn. ; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed May 10, 1881, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained Sept. 26, '82, by Bloomington; pastor of Oak Grove, 
 McLean Co., 111., Sept., 1882-Ap. 8, '85; Henderson, 111., 
 July 5, 1885- 
 
 DAVIDSON, William, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Brooke Co., W. Va., Oct. 2, 1817; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1839, and studied theology with the 
 Rev. William Neil; was licensed at High Ridge, Belmont 
 Co., O. , by the Ref. Dis. Pres. in Sept., 1840, and ordained 
 at the same place and by the same Pres. in May, '43; was 
 pastor of the congregations at Vienna and College Comer, 
 Ind., and Carthage and Piqua, O. In Mar., 1848, he joined 
 the Asso. Ref. Ch., and succeeded Dr. McDill as pastor in 
 Hamilton, O., where he died July 21, 1875, after having been 
 thrown aside from active duties for more than a year by par- 
 alysis. Publications: Several Sermons and Addresses, and 
 after his death a i2mo volume upon the Parables. 
 
 DAVIS, James Porter: 
 
 Was born Oct. 31, 1842, at South Shenango, Crawford Co., 
 
THE MINISTRY. 297 
 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1871, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Allegheny; was licensed May 3, 1871, by the Lake, 
 and ordained Sept. 3, 1872, by Frankford; was pastor of 
 Hookstown and Tumblinson Run, Sept., 1872-Aug., '74; of 
 Mt. Prospect, Washington Co., Pa., June 29, 1875-Ap., 13, 
 '86; Springfield, Mercer Co., Pa., Jan. 18, 1887- 
 
 DAVIS, Thomas D. : 
 
 Was graduated at Erskine College, Due West, S. C, in 
 1856; was licensed by the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Memphis in 
 1858; received by the Pres. of Kansas in June, 1859, and was 
 ordained by the same in '61; was S. S. Uniontown and 
 Franklin mission stations 1861-63; pastor of Hopewell, in 
 Perry Co., 111., i864-'68; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is 
 located at Camp Point, 111. 
 
 DEFRAEST, David R. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Greenbush, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1785; 
 was educated at New Brunswick, N. J. , and was licensed by 
 the Dutch Classis at New Brunswick in 1818; was pastor 
 of Cato, Cayuga Co., N. Y., 1821-5; was received Sept. 11, 
 1833, by the Asso. Pres. of Albany. He traveled through the 
 church for a few years, and then retired to Troy, N. Y., 
 where he died in 1851. 
 DENHAM, Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1773, in Ireland; was educated in Scotland; 
 was licensed and ordained by the Asso. Pres. of Down, Ire- 
 land; landed in New York in Jan., and was received by the 
 Asso. Ref. Pres. of New York on the ist of May, 1805; was 
 appointed as S. S. for one year in the congregations of Little 
 Britain and Bloomingburg, in Orange Co. ; was called in 
 March of 1806 to the pastorate of Hebron, Washington Co., 
 N. Y. ; entered upon his duties in July, and was installed as 
 pastor on the 23d of the following Oct. In the autumn of 
 1823 ^^ resigned and moved to New York, but a year after- 
 ward, at the solicitation of many of the congregation, he re- 
 turned, preached during the winter, received and accepted a 
 call May 23, 1825, t>ut a strong protest against his installa- 
 tion from a large part of the officers and members of the con- 
 gregation was presented to Pres. at its meeting on the 3d of 
 Nov. He returned the call, went back to New York, united 
 
 19 
 
298 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 with the Ref. Dutch Ch. in 1827; remained three years in its 
 ministry without any charge; then abandoned the duties of 
 the ministry and gave all his time to secular business, and 
 died in 1848. 
 DICE, John Smith: 
 
 Was born Nov. 12, 1844, in Poland, Mahoning Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 27, 1872, by the Pres. of 
 Mercer, and ordained Ap. 21, '74, by Beaver Valley, and in- 
 stalled pastor of Bethel, in Lawrence Co., Pa., where he 
 still is. 
 DICK, Jeremiah Murray (A. R.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. Mungo; was born in Sewickly township, 
 Westmoreland Co., Pa., Mar. 5, 1818; was graduated at the 
 Western University in 1837, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1841, by Blairsville Pres., and 
 spent nearly ten years as a missionary in the west; then he 
 was ordained Nov. 12, '51, and has spent the remainder of 
 his ministry in Oregon. 
 
 DICK, John, Norman, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. Mungo; was born June 26, 1822, in 
 Sewickly, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was graduated at the 
 Western University in 1840, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 25, 1843, ^Y Blairsville Pres. , and 
 ordained Oct. 16, '49, by the Lakes; was pastor of Kittan- 
 ning. Pa. (with Worthington till '54), Oct., 1849-Feb., '76; 
 of Bethel, Westmoreland Co., since Ap., 1877. Publication: 
 A Sermon before a Society in Jefferson College. 
 
 DICK, Mungo, (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1772, in Fifeshire, Scotland; was graduated 
 at the University of Edinburgh, where he took every honor 
 of his class except one; studied theology in the Burgher Semi- 
 nary, and was licensed by the Asso. Burgher Pres., of Perth. 
 Came to this country in the summer of 1804, and in Sept. of 
 that year joined the Asso. Ref Pres. of New York, but 
 passed west of the mountains almost immediately, and was 
 ordained, sine titulo^ Ap. 10, 1806, by Monongahela, and in- 
 stalled Ap. I, 1807, as pastor of Sewickly, Mt. Pleasant and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 299 
 
 Dennistontown, Westmoreland Co. In 1816 he resig-ned 
 Dennistontown, and in Sept., 1823, Mt. Pleasant. In 1824 
 he took the charge of Brnsh Creek (now Bethel), in Westmore- 
 land Co., for half time, which he resigned Ap. 14, 1835, and 
 was also released from Sewickly Ap. 27, 1836, and died May 
 2, 1839. During the years i829-'30, between the death of 
 Dr. Joseph Kerr and the election of Dr. J. T. Pressly, he was 
 appointed pro. tern. Professor of Theology. 
 
 DICKEY, Charles Andrews, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Dec. 25, 1838, in Wheeling, West Va. ; was grad- 
 uated at Washington in 1858, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1861, by Wheeling Pres. ; or- 
 dained Ap. 8, '62, by Allegheny; pastor of the Fourth Ch., 
 Allegheny, Ap. , 1862-Ap., '69; united with the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and pastor of the First Ch., St. Louis, Mo., 1869-75; of 
 Calvary, Philadelphia, since 1875. 
 
 DICKEY, Ebenezer D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 12, 1772, near Oxford, Chester Co., Pa., 
 where his grandparents had settled when they came from Ire- 
 land. He was called Ebenezer by his parents from a grateful 
 recognition of the merciful providence of God, and from his 
 birth his mother's earnest prayer was that he might be a 
 faithful minister of the gospel. He was graduated with honor 
 in 1792 by the University of Pennsylvania, and studied the- 
 ology with the Rev. John Smith, of Octararo, Pa. ; was 
 licensed in 1794 by the First Pres., of Pennsylvania, and or- 
 dained by the same in '96, and installed as pastor of Oxford 
 for the three-fourths and Octoraro for the one-fourth of his 
 time. At the so-called union of 1822 Mr. Dickey went with 
 his Presbytery into the Presbyterian Ch. This terminated 
 his connection with Octoraro, which joined the Associate 
 Church, but Oxford went with him, and he remained its pas- 
 tor until his death. May 31, 1831. Of this congregation his 
 father and grandfather had been ruling elders, and his son 
 became his successor in the pastorate. Publications: A Tract 
 to Parents, published by the American Tract Society; A Plea 
 for Christian Communion; Travels in Europe for Health. 
 
300 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 DICKEY, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Washington Co. , Pa. ; was educated at Wash- 
 ington, Pa., and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 30, 1829, by the Pres., of Monongahela, and ordained 
 Sept. 30, '30, by the same, and installed pastor at St. Clair, 
 Allegheny Co., where he remained until his death, in Mar., 
 1839. 
 
 DICKEY, John P. (A.): 
 
 Was born in Ireland; was educated at the Western Univer- 
 sity, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed May 
 29, 1833, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained June, 4, '34, by 
 Allegheny, and installed as pastor of Turtle Creek, Bethel 
 and Freeport. The autumn of that same year he visited Ire- 
 land, expecting to be chosen co-pastor with his father, and 
 left behind him a conditional resignation of his charge; as he 
 never returned, the pastoral relation was formally dissolved by 
 Presbytery the next summer. He still (1881-) holds a pas- 
 toral charge in Ireland. 
 
 DICKIE, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1783 in Ireland; was graduated at the Univer- 
 sity of Glasgow, and studied theology at the Asso. Hall under 
 Prof. Bruce, of Whitburn; was licensed in 1805 by the Asso. 
 Pres. of Newton-Iyimavady, Ireland; arrived in the U. S. in 
 the spring of 1807; was ordained May 13, '11, by the Pres. of 
 Ohio, and installed pastor of the congregations of Kittanning, 
 Buffalo, Upper Piney and Rich Hill, in Armstrong Co. , Pa. ; 
 resigned these one after the other, except the last, which he 
 retained until his death, which occurred Aug. 24, 1849, from 
 dropsy. Publications: Slavery, examined in the light of the 
 New Testament. 
 
 DICKSON, David French : 
 
 Grandson of David French; was born July 9, 1847, ^^^^ 
 Venice, in Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated at West- 
 minster in 1874, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 10, ''']']^ by Allegheny Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 13, '80, by the Lakes; pastor of Shenango, Mercer Co., June 
 17, 1880-Feb. 13, '83; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is at 
 East Palestine, O. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 30I 
 
 DICKSON, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 29, 1804, near Newville, Pa., and in 1806 
 the family moved to Westmoreland Co. He was converted 
 under the ministry of John Walker, of New Athens, O., and 
 baptized by him in 1826. When he proposed to study for 
 the ministry his father refused to aid him, upon the ground 
 that the profession was not lucrative. He was educated at 
 Franklin, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensrd 
 in Oct., 1835, by the Pres. of Muskingum, and ordained Nov. 
 9) '37i by Miami, and installed as pastor of Raccoon, Ind., 
 now Portland Mills, which he retained until his death, Nov. 
 9, 1865. He declined going into the union of 1858, and was 
 elected in 1862 by the residuary Asso. Synod as their Prof, of 
 Theology. 
 DICKSON, Thomas (A. R.): 
 
 Was received from the United Presbyterian Ch. of Upper 
 Canada, Ap. 30, 1855, by the Second Asso. Ref. Pres. of Illi- 
 nois; S. S. of Caledonia, Switzerland Co., Ind., i858-'62; 
 pastor of Wheatland, Will Co., 111., May 14, 1862-65; re- 
 ceived a dismission to leave the country, and the last known 
 of him he was in the island of New Zealand. 
 DICKSON, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Often written Dixon; was born about 1760, in Ireland, and 
 received his literary and part of his theological education in 
 Scotland; came as a teacher to South Carolina, and was re- 
 ceived in 1794 by the Asso. Ref. Pres, of the Carolinas and 
 Georgia as a student of theology, and finished his course with 
 Peter McMullan, of Due West; was licensed in 1795 by his 
 Pres., and ordained June 5, '97; was pastor of King's Moun- 
 tain, Turkey Creek and Bullock's Creek, York district, S. C, 
 1797-Mar. 26, 1828; on the 2ist of Sept., 1802, he and Peter 
 McMullan declined the authority of the Asso. Ref. Ch., and 
 Jan. 12, 1803, were received into the Asso. Ch. He died in 
 Nov., 1831. 
 DIGHT, John M. : 
 
 Was born May 30, 1843, i^ Mercer Co., Pa. : was graduated 
 at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., 1874; studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 13, 1879, by Lake Pres., 
 and ordained June 8, '80, by Allegheny; pastor Mt. Pleasant 
 
302 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 and Evansburg, Butler Co., since ordination; was Superin- 
 tendent of Public Schools of Mercer Co., i875-'8. Publica- 
 tion: An Address before the County Teachers' Institute, 1876. 
 
 DINSMORE, James (A.): 
 
 Was received in Nov., 1853, by the Asso, Pres. of New- 
 York (Bullions), as a licentiate from the Presbyterian Ch. of 
 Ireland, and was ordained Mar. i, '54, by the same; was pas- 
 tor of Sixth Ch., Eleventh street. New York, 1854-9; Law- 
 rence, Mass., Oct. 18, 1859-Ap. 16, '62; returning to New 
 York and engaging in secular pursuits, his name was dropped 
 from the roll in the autumn of 1866. He was in 1880 a dyer 
 in the city of New York. 
 
 DINWIDDIE, James Lemonte, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Grandson of David Dunwoody, the first Covenanter ruling 
 elder ordained in this country (1754); was born Feb. 23, 1798, 
 near Gettysburg, Pa. ; was graduated at Washington in 1816, 
 and studied theology in New York; was licensed in May, 
 1820, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained by the same Nov. 
 22, '20; was pastor in Mercer and connections, Pa., Nov., 
 1820-May, '34; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor 
 of one of its Philadelphia churches 1834-41 ; returned to the 
 Asso. Ref. Ch. , and was pastor of the Second Ch. , Pittsburgh, 
 Mar., 1843-4; Sept. 13, 1843, ^^^ was elected to the Profes- 
 sorship of Biblical Literature and Sacred Criticism in the Al- 
 legheny Theo, Sem. ; had an attack of paralysis of the brain 
 in Feb., 1846, which unfitted him for all public duties. In 
 Jan., 1849, he had another attack, and in a few hours died. 
 DOBBIN, Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 4, 1742, in Londonderry, Ireland: was edu- 
 cated in literature and theology in the Glasgow University, 
 and was licensed and ordained, within six weeks, in 1773, by 
 the Convenanter Presbytery of Ireland, with the special de- 
 sign of coming with Mr. Lind to America. He landed at 
 New Castle, Del., in Dec, 1773, and with Messrs. Cuthbert- 
 son and Lind organized at Paxtang, Dauphin Co., Pa., Mar. 
 10, 1774, the Reformed Presbyterian Presbytery of America; 
 was pastor of the congregation of Rock Creek, now Gettys- 
 burg, Adams Co., Pa,, 1774-1809, together with the Covenan- 
 ter conereofation near Greencastle for one-fourth time until 
 
THE MINISTRY. 3O3 
 
 the union of 1782, and half-time to Marsh Creek after Mr. 
 Murray's death. He maintained, 1 788-' 99, a private classical 
 boarding school in his own house, which became very popu- 
 lar, in which over sixty professional men were classically 
 educated, of whom twenty-five were clergymen. He was re- 
 garded as one of the very best Latin, Greek and Hebrew 
 scholars in the country, and before the establishment of the 
 Theo. Sem. in New York was regarded as the Theological 
 Professor of his church, not by any appointment of Synod, 
 but by the voluntary choice of the students. He was the first 
 Moderator of the General Synod of the Associate Reformed 
 Church at its organization in 1804. In Oct., 1808, he had a 
 severe hemorrhage of the lungs, which settled into consump- 
 tion and terminated fatally June i, 1809. 
 
 DODDS, David: 
 
 Was born Dec. 19, 1838, at Prospect, Butler Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 26, 1871, by Butler Pres., and 
 ordained June 4, '72, by the same; was pastor of East Brady 
 and Fairview, Butler Co., June, 1872-Ap. 20, '73; Fairview 
 alone till May 20, ''']']\ North Page, la., since Jan. i, 1878. 
 
 DODDS, James: 
 
 Was born Oct. 10, in 1838, in Roxburghshire, Scotland; 
 emigrated to Canada West; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1868, and studied theology at Knox Seminary, in Toronto, 
 and at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 1870, by Mononga- 
 hela Pres., and ordained Mar. 14, '72, by Wisconsin; pastor of 
 Vernon, Wis., Mar., 1872-June 13, '78; of Oxford, O., June 
 10, 1879-Mar. I, '81; Leechburg, Armstrong Co., Pa., Dec. 
 16, 1884-Sept. 6, '87. 
 DODDS, James Ezra*: 
 
 Was born June 27, 1840, near Prospect, Butler Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1870, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 26, 1872, by Allegheny Pres., 
 and ordained Sept., 22, '74, by Butler; pastor of Mt. Varnum 
 and West Unity, Sept., 1874-Ap. ''']']:, died Ap. 9, 1877. 
 
 DODDS, Robert Clarence: 
 Was born June 10, 1853, "ear Clintonville, Venango Co., 
 
304 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Pa., and was graduated at Westminster in 1880, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed, Ap. 4, 1882, by Butler 
 Pres., and ordained, Ap. 17, 1883, by the same; pastor of 
 Sunbury and Mt. Varnum, Butler Co., Pa., Ap., 1883-Dec. 
 30, '85; Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 23, 1886- 
 
 DOIG, James Rolla, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 29, 1812, in Salem, Washington Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Union in 1837, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1841, by Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 21, '42, by Richland; was pastor of 
 Dal ton, O., 1842-48; of Cadiz, O., May 1850-autumn, '52 ; 
 of Grande Prairie and Ainsworth, la., i865-'6, and of Ains- 
 worth alone till '69; of Pratt Creek, Benton Co., la., 1875, 
 until his death. Was Prof, in Franklin College i848-'55; 
 was President of Washington College, la., 1855-64, and Prof, 
 in Monmouth College, 1869-74, Died Nov. 5, 1881. 
 
 DOIG, Robert Timothy: 
 
 Was born Oct. 30, 1842, in Andes, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; 
 was educated at Westminster, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed May i, 1867, by the Pres of Delaware, and or- 
 dained Oct. 29, '68, by the same; pastor of West Kortright, 
 Delaware Co., N. Y., since Oct., 1868. 
 
 DONALDSON, James: 
 
 Was born Ap, 8, 1820, in Ceres, Fifeshire, Scotland; was 
 graduated at the University of Edinburgh in 1848, and 
 studied theology^ in the United Presbyterian Hall in Edin- 
 burgh; was licensed by the United Presbyterian Pres., of 
 Edinburgh, Sept. 14, 1852; performed probationary and mis- 
 sionary work in Scotland and Shetland i852-'6; evangelistic 
 work in New York city i857-'6i; S. S. of the Presbyterian 
 churches at Frostburg and Lonaconing in Maryland; or- 
 dained June 3, 1862, by the North River Pres., of the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. ; pastor at Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N. Y., 
 1862-3; City Missionary in Montreal, Canada, 1863-6; pas- 
 tor of the Canadian Presbyterian churches of East and West 
 Adelaide, Middlesex Co., Ontario, Canada, i867-'7i; Port 
 Burwell and Vienna, Can., 187 1-' 3; Wardsville and New- 
 burg, Can., i875-'9; joined the Stamford Presbytery of the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 305 
 
 United Presbyterian Cli., in 1880, because of a change of 
 views on Secret Societies. 
 DONALDSON, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1787 in Con par- Angus, Scotland; was gradu- 
 ated at the University of Edinburgh, and studied theology in 
 the Associate Hall; was licensed in 1814, came to America 
 in 1816, and was ordained Mar. 26, '17, by Cambridge Pres. ; 
 pastor of Florida, Montgomery Co. , N. Y., 1817-Feb. 22, '20; 
 Yellow Creek, Glade Run and Scroggsfield, O. , May 17, 
 1823-Dec. 10, '34; joined the Asso. Ref. Ch. in 1836, and 
 was S. S. of New Lebanon and Mechanicstown, in the Pres. 
 of Steubenville, for five or six years; in 1847 joined the Asso. 
 Pres., of Cambridge, (Bullions,) and when the two Associate 
 Synods united in 1854 he was attached to Muskingum Pres. ; 
 refused to go into the union of 1858; adhered to the residu- 
 ary Synod, and died Dec. 31, 1871, from apoplexy. Publica- 
 tions: The Glory of Heaven, pp. 300; The Doctrine of Elec- 
 tion, 1841, pp. 72. 
 DONALDSON, John McBurney*: 
 
 Was born May, 11, 1837, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1859, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 16, 1862, by Frank- 
 fort Pres., and ordained Sept. 27, '65, by Butler; pastor of 
 Mountville and Portersville, Butler Co., Pa., Sept., 1865- 
 Feb. 22, '70; First Ch., New Wilmington, Aug. 23, 1870, 
 until death, Nov. 26, '74, from typhoid fever. 
 DONALDSON, William: 
 
 Was born Nov. 24, 1842, at Hickory, Washington Co., 
 Pa.; was graduated at Washington and Jefferson in 1866, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 5, 1869, ^7 
 Chartiers Pres., and ordained Dec. 7, '70, by Caledonia; pas- 
 tor of Franklinville, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 1870-Ap., '74; 
 of Cascade and Wyoming, Dubuque Co., la., July, 1877- 
 Mar. 2, '86; Cedar Creek, la., June 14, 1886- 
 
 DONNAN, Alexander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1775 in Scotland, and educated under the 
 auspices of the Associate Ch. ; was licensed by the Pres. , of 
 Kilmarnock; was ordained and installed in 1800 as the sue- 
 
306 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 cesser of the Rev. Francis Pringle, in the congregation of 
 Gilnakirk, near Belfast, Ireland; came to this country in 1818, 
 and was pastor of Mt. Pleasant and Burgettstown, Washing- 
 ton Co., Pa., May 28, 1819-May 12, '39, and of Mt. Pleasant 
 till Ap. 20, '52, and died June 3, 1859. 
 
 DONNAN, David (A.): 
 
 Was born in July, 1822, in Princeton, Schenectady Co., 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1845, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed and ordained the same day, 
 June 20, 1850, by Albany Pres., and spent a year by Synodic 
 appointment as missionary in the State of Michigan; pastor 
 of Newark, N. J., Dec, 1851-Sept. 24, '62; Cochranton, 
 Crawford Co., Pa., since Ap., 1866. 
 
 DORRANCE, John W. : 
 
 Was born June 30, 1849, ^^ Nebo, Jefferson Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1876, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1883, by Beaver Valley 
 Pres., and ordained by Arkansas Valley; pastor of Pretty 
 Prairie, Kingman Co., Kan., since ordination. 
 
 DOUGLASS, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was ordained in June, 1823, ^Y ^^^^ Presbytery of St. Law- 
 rence (Presbyterian), and installed pastor of the church in Lis- 
 bon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. When that congregation re- 
 turned to the Asso. Ref. Ch., in Jan., 1826, he came with it 
 as its pastor and was received by the Washington Presbytery. 
 This pastoral relation was dissolved Aug. 3, 1830; was in- 
 stalled in Oct., 1831, as pastor of five small congregations in 
 the district of New Castle, Upper Canada; in Nov., 1833, he 
 and these congregations were regularly dismissed to connect 
 with the United Secession Ch. of Canada; was subsequently 
 pastor at Coburg. 
 DOUGLASS, Robert (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1791, in Washington Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Jefferson and studied theology with Dr. John Anderson, at 
 Service; was licensed in Sept., 1818, by the Pres., of Char- 
 tiers, and ordained May 3, '20, by Ohio, and installed pastor of 
 Poland, Liberty and Deer Creek, which he served until his 
 death, Dec. 14, 1823. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 307 
 
 DOUTHETT, John Albert: 
 
 Was born May 19, 1851, in Butler Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1873, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Feb. 9, 1876, by Frankfort Pres., and ordained 
 Nov. 14, '76, by Monongahela; pastor of Union congregation, 
 Allegheny Co., since ordination. 
 
 DOUTHETT, William (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1798 near Jamestown, Mercer Co., Pa.; was 
 educated at Jefferson, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed Sept. 3, 1828, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 in '32 by Ohio; pastor of Windham, Palmyra and Milton, in 
 the eastern edge of Ohio, 1832-41; in 1841 took charge of 
 Mineral Ridge and Cross Roads, in Mercer, and Portersville, 
 in Butler Co., Pa.; resigned Cross Roads in '47, and the 
 others in '49; Glade Run 1849-Ap., '54; removed to Iowa in 
 July, 1856, and supplied two years in eastern Iowa; went to 
 Clarinda, Page Co., and organized a congregation there in 
 1858, and supplied it and some north of it until 1861; he then 
 performed missionary labor in Nebraska until the spring of 
 '66, when he returned to Pennsylvania and supplied Upper 
 Piney, Clarion Co., and Beechwoods, Jefferson Co., until his 
 death. He died Oct. 6, 1872, of neuralgia of the heart, while 
 on a visit to some friends near New Castle, Pa. 
 
 DRENNEN, Philip Howell (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 26, 1826, at Elizabeth, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Washington in 1850, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 13, 1853, by Blairsville Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 30, '55, by Second Illinois; pastor of Bethel, 111., 1855- 
 Ap. '57; Low Point, 111., 1858-Ap. '69; labored as a supply 
 for several years in Kansas and Illinois, and was pastor of 
 Eugene, la.. May 13, 1879-Sept. 7, '81. Publication: Civil 
 Government, a Sermon, 1862. 
 DRENNEN, Thomas (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1825, i^ Belmont Co., O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1848, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed May 28, 1851, by Second Ohio, and ordained Sept. 
 27, '53, by Butler Pres., and installed pastor of Evansburg 
 and White Oak Springs, which he served until his death. 
 
308 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 which occurred from consumption, Nov. 26, '57, while on a 
 visit to Bloomington, 111. 
 DUFF, Albert Kennedy: 
 
 Was born Mar. 31, 1854, in Darlington township, Beaver 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1879, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap, 13, 1881, by Brook- 
 ville Pres., and ordained June 27, '82, by Beaver Valley; pas- 
 tor of Center, Lawrence Co., Pa., June 27, 1882-Jan. 30, '87; 
 York, N. Y., since Ap., 1887. 
 
 DUFF, David Alexander* : 
 
 Was born Jan. 31, 1845, near St, Clairville, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1865, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 16, 1867, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained 
 June 15, '69, by Caledonia; pastor of Geneva, N. Y., June, 
 1869-May, '70; of Stewart Station, Westmoreland Co., Pa., 
 Jan. I, 1871-Ap. 9, '79; of Gait, Ontario, Canada, since Oct. 
 20, 1880. He was chairman of the committee and the princi- 
 pal worker which prepared the "Bible Songs." Died Sept. 
 12, 1887. 
 DUFF, David Kennedy (A.): 
 
 Was born May 8, 1825, in Enon Valley, Lawrence Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1849, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Nov. 15, 1853, by Ohio Pres., and 
 ordained Oct. 2, '56, by Clarion; was installed at ordination 
 over the congregations of Dayton, Lower Piney and Perrys- 
 ville, in Armstrong Co., Pa. ; in 1865 resigned Perrysville and 
 took Atwood; resigned Piney in '70, and Dayton June 15, 
 '86. He was captain in the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry for 
 three years of the civil war. 
 DUFF, James Agnew (A)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 26, 1825, "^^^ Darlington, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1852, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 2, 1855, t>y Ohio Pres., and 
 ordained Feb. 3, '57, by Cambridge; was pastor of South 
 Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y., Feb. 1857, until his death, 
 Oct. 6, i860, from typhoid fever. 
 DUFF, Jackson (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 24, 1814, at Paint Lick, Garrard Co., Ky. ; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 309 
 
 was graduated at Miami in 1839, and studied theology at Ox- 
 ford; was licensed Ap. 5, 1843, by First Ohio, and ordained 
 June 27, '44, by First Illinois; pastor of Harrison and Vir- 
 ginia Grove, la., June, 1844-47; of Scotch Ridge, Wood Co., 
 O., June, 1853- Ap., '69; home missionary the rest of the time 
 in Ohio, Iowa and Kansas. Died Feb. 9, 1886, at Center 
 Ridge, Kans. 
 
 DUFF, John Alexander: 
 
 Was born Feb. 5, 1858, near Wilkinsburg, Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1881, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Dec. 26, 1883, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained June 30, '85, by the same; pastor at Minden, 
 Neb., since Ap. 2, 1886. 
 
 DUFF, John W. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1815, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1839, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 13, 1843, ^7 Blairsville Pres., and ordained 
 Dec. 5th of same year, by the same; was pastor of Puckety, 
 Westmoreland Co., 1843-Ap., '48; of Blairsville and New 
 Alexandria, June, 1848, until his death. He died Mar. 6, 
 1850, from typhoid fever. Publication: A Sermon, in Vol. 
 III. of the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 
 DUNCAN, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was of Scotch Covenanter parentage; born and brought up 
 in western Pennsylvania, and was educated at Canonsburg 
 Academy previous to the founding of Jefferson College, and, 
 joining his wife's church, studied theology with Dr. John An- 
 derson, of Service, Pa.; was licensed in Sept., 1796, by the 
 Pres. of Pennsylvania, and ordained in 1800 by the same; 
 pastor of Mahoning (Bethel), Lawrence Co., Pa., and Dar- 
 lington 1800- Ap. II, '04, when he resigned the latter two, 
 and, having organized congregations at Poland and Liberty, 
 he regarded them as mere branches of Mahoning, and thus 
 remained pastor of Poland, Liberty and Mahoning until his 
 suspension from the ministry. He preached some errors in 
 relation to original sin and Christ's atonement and interces- 
 sion, and published a book in their defence. For these he 
 was tried and suspended by Presbytery; he appealed to the 
 
3IO THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Synod, which, at its meeting in Canonsburg, May, 1815, re- 
 moved the suspension, and after certain retractions on his 
 part censured and warned him. On returning to his congre- 
 gation he read a statement of his case in Synod, denying that 
 he had retracted any of his errors, except one, and that it was 
 for that one he had been censured. Presbytery called him to 
 account for this public misrepresentation, he remained obsti- 
 nate, and was suspended from the ministry and from the 
 communion of the church. He went West and united with 
 the Presbyterian Church, and held a pastorate sixty miles be- 
 low Cincinnati, in Kentucky, until 1824, when he moved to 
 Vevay, Ind. ; published a book against slavery, and spent the 
 remainder of his life in preaching the gospel from cabin to 
 cabin in the new settlements in the west. He died on one of 
 these mission tours at a house on the borders of Indiana, 
 where he had put up for the night. He was a large man in 
 person, a keen controversialist, of more than ordinary clear- 
 ness and grasp of mind. In personal and financial matters 
 he was very careless, and grossly addicted to the use of to- 
 bacco. It was no unusual thing for him, while preaching, to 
 take a bite of tobacco, and on one occasion he stopped in the 
 middle of his sermon and went down to one of his elders and 
 borrowed a chew, and then returned and finished his sermon. 
 His son. Dr. Duncan, was for many years a very distinguished 
 member of Congress from Cincinnati. Publications: A Treat- 
 ise on the Covenant of Works; Man's Fall and his Recovery 
 through Jesus Christ, 1813; a Treatise on Civil Government 
 and the Extent of the Civil Powers respecting Religion, to 
 which were added some strictures on a late publication en- 
 titled, "The Two Sons of Oil;" on Slavery, 1824. 
 
 DUNCAN, James, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 15, 1822, in Londonderry, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Madison, Antrim, O., in 1847, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1850, by Second Ohio, 
 and was ordained Sept. nth of the same year by the same 
 Pres. ; was pastor of Lebanon, Guernsey Co., O., Sept., 1850 
 -Oct. ,'74, and New Salem until Aug. 30, '54; of First Cedar 
 Rapids, la., Mar. 3, 1875-Nov. 5, '84; S. S., Goldfield, Wright 
 Co., la., July 1,1884. Publications: Some Sermons and Ad- 
 dresses. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 3II 
 
 DUNCAN, James Matthews: 
 
 Was born Jan. 17, 1850, in Indiana Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1879, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed, Ap. 11, 1882, by Conemaugh Pres., and ordained 
 June 9, '85, by Allegheny; pastor of Oak Grove, Butler Co., 
 Pa., June 9, 1885-July, '87. 
 DUNCAN, John Mason, D. D- (A. R.)*: 
 
 Grandson of Dr. John Mason, of New York; was born in 
 July, 1790, in Philadelphia. When his grandmother was re- 
 turning from a visit to Ireland the provisions on their ship 
 became exhausted, and the grave question arose how they 
 were to subsist. The conclusion of their deliberations was 
 that all on board should determine by lot who should be sac- 
 rificed to keep the rest alive. His grandmother, Mrs. Mar- 
 garet Duncan, was one of those upon whom the fatal lot fell. 
 She then made a solemn vow that if God would spare her life 
 by bringing the ship soon to land she would, by His help, 
 erect a church in commemoration of this supplicated deliver- 
 ance. In a few hours the Capes of the Delaware were discov- 
 ered, and the crew and passengers were all saved from canni- 
 balism or death by starvation. She was subsequently able to 
 provide the means, and a church was built, which for many 
 years stood in Philadelphia on 13th street above Market, and 
 in which Dr. Dales preached almost a score of years, and from 
 the proceeds of the sale of which his present church on Race 
 street was largely built. Until the day of her death she 
 rigidly kept the anniversary of her vow in strict retirement 
 and in fasting and prayer. 
 
 Dr. Duncan was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania 
 in 1805, at the early age of fifteen; studied theology with his 
 uncle in the Seminary in New York; licensed in 181 1 by the 
 Pres. of Philadelphia, and ordained in Aug., '12, by the same, 
 and installed pastor of the Asso. Ref. congregation in Balti- 
 more, Md., which relation he maintained until his death, 
 which took place Ap. 30, 1851, from paralysis. His last ut- 
 terance was, ' ' The Lord is my portion. ' ' 
 
 In the union of 1822 he went into the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 when his Pres. (the old Asso. Ref. Pres., but after the union 
 the Second Pres. of Philadelphia) saw fit to dissolve in the 
 
312 THK MINISTRY. 
 
 autumn of 1824, according to the terms of the union, that the 
 members might attach themselves to the other Presbyteries 
 within the bounds of which they resided, the Baltimore Pres. 
 refused to receive him because of his denunciation of creeds, 
 as held forth in a sermon preached the previous summer be- 
 fore the Theological Seminary at Princeton, N. J,, under the 
 title of "A Plea for Ministerial I^iberty." Mr. Duncan then 
 declared himself independent of the Presbyterian Ch. , and in 
 conjunction with two or three others organized an "Indepen- 
 dent Presbytery." The Synod of Baltimore, when it refused 
 to sustain his appeal in 1825, declared his pastoral relation 
 dissolved and attached his Ch. to the Pres. of Baltimore. The 
 great majority of his congregation remained with him and 
 shared his fortunes to the last. A small minority seceded 
 and sued for the church edifice, but were unsuccessful. Hence 
 the congregation is known to this day as the Asso. Ref., al- 
 though in connection with the Southern Presbyterian Ch. 
 under the pastoral supervision of Dr. Layburn. Publications: 
 A Plea for Ministerial Liberty, 1824; A Reply to Dr. Miller 
 in the Duncan Case, i2mo., 1826; An Essay on the Origin, 
 Character and Tendency of Creeds as Instruments of Eccle- 
 siastical Power, i2mo., 1834; Lectures on the General Princi- 
 ples of Moral Government, as exhibited in the first three 
 chapters of Genesis, 1832; The Eunuch's Confession, or Scrip- 
 tural Views of the Sonship of Jesus Christ; A Fast Day Ser- 
 mon. 
 
 DUNLAP, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 15, 1757, in Lanarkshire, Scotland; came 
 to America with his father in 1774, and served in the army of 
 the Revolution; made a profession of religion in Salem, N. Y. ; 
 was classically educated at an academy in New Jersey, and 
 studied theology with the elder Dr. Mason in New York; was 
 licensed Oct. 13, 1789, by the Pres. of New York, and was 
 ordained July 22, '91, by the same; was pastor of Cambridge, 
 Washington Co., N. Y., July 1791-Sept. 3, '16; was mission- 
 ary in Central New York under the care of the Young Men's 
 Missionary Society of New York, 1816-22; retired to Cam- 
 bridge and supplied vacant pulpits as he found it convenient 
 until his death. He died Mar. 7, 1829, ^^^^^ ^ cancer, after 
 having submitted to a painful surgical operation. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 313 
 
 DUNLAP, William Edgar: 
 
 Was born Feb. 26, 1850, near Newville, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1874, and studied theology at Xenia and 
 Allegheny ; was licensed Ap. 10, 1877, by Sidney, and ordained, 
 sine tihdo^ Sept. 25, '79, by Kansas; was S. S. at Topeka, 
 Kans., May, 1879-82; S. S. Salineville, O. ; pastor at Boy- 
 den, la., Feb. 12, 1886- 
 DUNN, John Beveridge (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 17, 1832, in Delaware Co., N. Y. ; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1853, ^^^ studied theology at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed in Ap., 1856, by the Pres. of Albany, and 
 ordained Nov. 12, '57, by Cambridge; was pastor of E. Green- 
 wich, Washington Co. , N. Y., Nov., 1857-Sept. 24, '61; died 
 unmarried at his old home Feb. 3, 1862, from consumption. 
 DUNN, William Craine: 
 
 Was born Ap. 3, 1837, at Utica, Venango Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminister in 1859, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Monmouth and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 16, 1863, by Michigan 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 12, '65, by Sidney; was pastor of 
 Huntsville, O., Ap., 1865-Feb. '70; of Scroggsville, O., since 
 May, 1871. 
 DYSART, Joseph P. : 
 
 Was born in New York City in 1841 and reared in Dela- 
 ware Co. ; was graduated at Union in 1865, and studied the- 
 ology at Newburgh; was licensed in 1867, by Delaware Pres., 
 and ordained June 14, '70, by Wheeling; pastor of Harrisville, 
 O., June, 1870-N0V. 2, 1870, joined the Presbyterian Ch., 
 and was pastor in Albany i87i-'3; of the Dutch church in 
 Glen, N. Y., i874-'9, Presbyterian Ch., N. Granville, N. Y., 
 i88o-'83, and is now in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 DYSART, Thomas H.*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 9, 1835, at St. Clairsville, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1857, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed June 12, i860, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained June, 
 '61, by Chillicothe; was pastor of Fall Creek, Highland Co., 
 O., June, i86i-'62; Urbana, O., Dec. 2, 1862, until his death. 
 He labored six weeks in the service of the Christian Commis- 
 sion, and died Aug. 2, 1864, from camp diarrhoea. 
 20 
 
314 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 DYSART, Thomas Perry*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 6, 1836, at St. Clairsville, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1857, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, 1861, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 16, '63, by Des Moines; was pastor of Somerset, la., Ap., 
 1863-N0V., '67; of Shiloh, Ind., Aug. 10, 1869-Nov. 30, '73; 
 of Lexington and Utica, O., July i, 1875-Sept. i, '79; of 
 Olathe, Kan., July 21, 1880, until his death, Aug. 23, 1882, of 
 typhoid fever. 
 
 EASTON, John S., D. D., (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 7, 1806, in Ancrum, near Jedburgh, Scot- 
 land, and reared principally in Argyle, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Union in 1830, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 24, 1834, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained 
 by the same May 5, '36; was pastor of Stone Valley, Lewis- 
 town and Kishacoquillas, in Penn., May, 1836-Feb. 20, '55; 
 Scroggsfield and Yellow Creek, O., March, i855-'66; of Brad- 
 dock's Field, Allegheny Co., Pa., Dec, 21, 1869-Sept. 5, '76; 
 was several years assistant editor of the United Presbyterian^ 
 and Moderator of the General Assembly of 1872. Died July 
 25, 1879, from paralysis. 
 
 EASTON, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born and educated in Scotland, and became pastor of 
 the Burgher Ch., of Morpeth, in the Pres., of Cold Stream, 
 and came to the U. S. in Oct., 1802, with Dr. John M. Mason, 
 and labored for six months under the direction of the Pres- 
 bytery of New York; joined the Pres. of Washington in July, 
 1803, and while laboring in its northern portion received a 
 call from the Scotch congregation of St. Philip Street, Mon- 
 treal, Canada, which he accepted in 1804. After the war 
 with England, 1812-' 15, had interrupted his relations with his 
 Presbytery and the U. S., he never renewed them, and in 1818 
 he and several other ministers organized the Presbytery of 
 Upper Canada, subordinate to the Burgher Synod of Scot- 
 land. 
 
 EASTON, William, D. D., (A.)*: 
 
 Elder brother of John S. ; was born Oct. 2, 1804, in An- 
 crum, Scotland; came when a lad to Argyle, N. Y. ; was 
 
THE MINISTRY, 315 
 
 graduated at Union in 1822, and studied theology at Phila- 
 delphia under Dr. Banks; was licensed June 7, 1826, by the 
 Philadelphia Pres., and ordained by the same, and installed 
 in Octoraro, Lancaster Co., Pa., June 7, 1827; resigned Oct. 
 22, '78, and died June 12, 1879, Publications: A Memorial 
 Sermon, preached on the forty-fifth anniversary of his minis- 
 try', June 9, 1872; also a number of elaborate controversial 
 papers. 
 EDGAR, John: 
 
 Was born Aug. 24, 1828, in Buenos Ayres, in the Argen- 
 tine Republic, S. A. , and in early years was brought to New- 
 burgh, N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1849, ^^^ studied 
 theology at Newburgh; was licensed June 2, 1857, by the 
 Pres. of New York, and ordained Nov. 16, '59, by Caledonia; 
 pastor of Sterling, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Nov., 1859-May 5, 
 '74; was elected June, 1874, to the Professorship of English 
 Literature in Westminster College, and in 1875, transferred 
 to the chair of Latin. Died Dec. 15, 1880, of scarlet fever. 
 EDIE, Joseph Austin, (A.): 
 
 Was born Aug. 25, 1827, i^ Clinton, Allegheny Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1851, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1855, by Allegheny Pres., 
 and ordained May 7, '57, by Monmouth; pastor of North 
 Henderson, 111., May, 1857-Oct. '69; Clayton, Adams Co., 
 111., Dec, 1869-Ap. 4, '78; of Four Mile, Beaver Co., June 
 22, 1880-June '86. He was Sec. of the Board of Education 
 for fourteen years, 1 859-' 73, and member of the Senate of 
 Monmouth College i859-'78. 
 
 EDIE, William Alexander: 
 
 Was born Sept., 27, 1848, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; educated 
 at Allegheny Academy, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, 1874, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 19, '75, by Philadelphia; pastor in Baltimore, Md., Oct., 
 1875-July 8, '79; at Beaver, Pa., Dec. 21, 1880-Jan. 23, '87; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is at Connellsville, Pa. 
 EKIN, John, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 15, 1812, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated by the Western University in 1835, and studied 
 
3l6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. ii, 1838, by Monon- 
 galiela Pres., and ordained May 2, '39, by the same; was 
 pastor of the Second Asso. Ref. Ch., Pittsburgh, May, 1839- 
 Aug., '39; of Union, Allegheny Co., Dec, 1839-Dec. 27, '53; 
 of the First Asso. Ref., Pittsburgh, Ap. 11, 1854-Nov. 3, '57. 
 In 1858 he joined the Presbyterian Ch. , and was for a short 
 time pastor in Le Claire, la. ; he then took charge of Monroe, 
 in Louisiana, but at the breaking out of the civil war was 
 compelled to flee north; was for a season clerk in the Quarter- 
 master's Department with his kinsman. Gen. James A. Ekin; 
 was four years in charge of a Female Seminary in Xenia, O., 
 then pastor in Topeka, Kan., where he died Sept. 30, 1869. 
 Publication: A Sermon, in Vol. I of the Pulpit of the Asso. 
 Ref. Church. 
 ELDER, Alexander Harry: 
 
 Was bom Nov. 12, 1835, at Pleasant Unity, Westmoreland 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1859, ^^^ studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1862, by West- 
 moreland Pres., and ordained July 7, '63, by the same; pastor 
 of McKeesport, 1863-Sept., 1875; of New Lisbon, O., Jan. 
 30, 1877-Ap. II, '82; S. S. Second Cleveland, O., i883-'6; 
 pastor of Cleveland since July, 1887. Publication: The Com- 
 ing Man: a Lecture. 
 
 ELLIOTT, James Couch: 
 
 Was born Jan. 6, 1830, near Sparta, 111. ; was graduated at 
 the Indiana State University in i860, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth; was licensed May 7, 1862, by St. Louis Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 7, '63, by Chicago; pastor of Wyoming, 
 Wis., Dec, 1863-Feb. 12, '68; Bethel, in Perry Co., 111., since 
 Oct. 15, 1868. 
 
 ELLIOTT, James Henry: 
 
 Was born Aug. 29, 1836, at Fair Haven, Preble Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Miami in 1864, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed July 11, 1866, by First Ohio, and or- 
 dained Sept. 17, '68, by Nebraska; S. S. at Pawnee City, 
 Neb., 1 868-' 9; pastor of Sycamore and Hopkinsville, O., 
 Jan., i87a-Ap. 6, '80; of Crawfordsville, la., since Oct. 21, 
 1881. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 317 
 
 ELLIOTT, Robert A. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 13, 1861, at Murray sville, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Washington and Jefferson in 1883, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1886, by Westmore- 
 land Pres., and ordained Aug. 30, '87, by Albany; pastor at 
 Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 ENGLISH, John W. : 
 
 Was born Oct. i, 1849, in Muskingum Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1876, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 12, 1879, by Wabash Pres., and ordained Sept. 
 30, '79, by Monongahela; pastor of Robinson Run since ordi- 
 nation. 
 
 ERSKINE, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1820, in county Monaghan, Ireland, and edu- 
 cated at Belfast, and licensed by the Presbytery of Monaghan, 
 in the Presbyterian Ch. ; came to America in 1851, and was 
 ordained Jan. 8, '52, by Saratoga; was pastor at N. Kortright, 
 Delaware Co., N. Y., Jan., 1852-Sept., '60, and at Graham's 
 Church, Orange Co., N. Y., Mar. 13, 1861, till death, Sept. 
 26, 1885. 
 
 ERSKINE, William Ralph (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 17, 1819, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Washington in 1845, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1850, by Steubenville Pres. , 
 and ordained Ap. 14, '52, by Second Illinois; pastor at Elli- 
 son, 111., May 15, 1852-June 15, '58; of White Oak Grove, 
 111., May 2, 1859-Oct. II, '65; of Scroggsfield, O., June 11, 
 1867-Jan., '70; of Berea, Franklin Co., Kan., Ap. 12, 1871- 
 Sept. 4, '73; of Olena, 111., Ap. 30, 1874, until death, which 
 occurred Feb. 5, 1875. 
 
 EVANS, John Calvin: 
 
 Was born Oct. 22, 1838, in Connoquinessing, Butler Co., 
 Pa. ; was educated at Franklin, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed June 19, 1866, by Allegheny Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 17, '67, by the same; pastor of Four Mile, Sept., 
 1867-June, '71; of Remington and Oakland, Beaver Co., Ap., 
 1872-Sept., '79, and of Columbus, Neb., Ap., i88o-'83; sus- 
 pended from the ministry in 1884 for dishonesty. 
 
3l8 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 EWING, Robert Boyd, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 17, 1827, in Wayne Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1850, and studied theology privately with Dr. 
 Wishart; was licensed in Aug., 1857, ^Y Muskingum Pres,, 
 and ordained Jan. 20, '59, by Xenia; pastor of Second Ch., 
 Xenia, 1859-Jan. 14, '68; First Ch., Monmouth, 111., Ap., 
 1868-Dec. 28, '69; of the Sixth Ch., Pittsburgh, since Mar. 
 29, 1870; was Moderator of the General Assembly of 1877. 
 
 EWING, Samuel Currie, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 20, 1831, near Irwin Station, in Westmore- 
 land Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1856, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1859, by Alle- 
 gheny Pres., and ordained May 9, '60, by the same. The 
 General Assembly of 1859 selected him to go as missionary to 
 China when his studies were completed, but in i860 his des- 
 ignation was changed to Egypt. He sailed Oct. 6, i860, and 
 landed at Alexandria Nov. 13; has itinerated in both Lower 
 and Upper Egypt, but has labored principally in Alexandria 
 and Cairo. 
 
 EWING, William D. : 
 
 Brother of Samuel C. ; was born Sept. 3, 1836, at Irwin 
 Station, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was graduated at Franklin 
 in 1861, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 II, 1866, by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained Feb. 22, '70, 
 by Butler; pastor of Centreville and Bethel, Butler Co., Feb. 
 22, 1870-June 15, '86. 
 FAIREEY, James L. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born and educated in Ireland, and licensed by the 
 Monaghan Pres. ; was received Aug. 27, 1849, ^Y ^^^ Asso. 
 Ref. Pres. of Philadelphia, and ordained Feb. 14, '50, by the 
 same, sine titulo; was pastor of Third Asso. Ref. Ch., Phila- 
 delphia, Sept. 26, 1850-Dec. 22, '52; of Venice, Allegheny 
 Co., Pa., June 28, 1853-Dec. 25, '55; Rehoboth and Mt. 
 Nebo, same county. May, 1856-69; S. S. at White Oak 
 Grove, 111., i872-'4; at Lodi and Belleflower, 111., i874-'6, 
 and pastor there since Dec, 1876. 
 FARIES, Isaiah (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 22, 1822, at Charlestown, Ind. ; was gradu- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 319 
 
 ated at Miami in 1846, and studied theology at Oxford; was 
 
 licensed in Mar., 1849, by First Ohio, and ordained Dec. 14, 
 
 '52, by Caledonia; pastor of Beulah, N. Y., 1852-spring of 
 
 '58; joined the Presbyterian Ch. in 1859, ^^^ "^^^ pastor of 
 
 Phelps, N. Y., 1859-65, and now resides in Minneapolis, 
 
 Minn. 
 
 FARMER, Samuel F. (A.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 24, 1824, i^ Robinson township, Allegheny 
 Co., Pa., and was educated at Franklin; studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed June 20, 1854, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 15, '55, by New York; was pastor of Wil- 
 liamsburg, Long Island, N. Y., Nov., 1855-61. In 1861 he 
 united with the Presbyterian Ch., and was Prof, in Highland 
 University, Kan. ; is now at Belle Vernon, Pa. 
 FARRAR, James McNall: 
 
 Was born June i6, 1853, at Candor, Washington Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1875, and studied theology 
 at Princeton, N. J, ; was licensed in May, 1878, by Frankford, 
 and ordained Dec. 10, '78, by Wheeling; pastor of Harris- 
 ville, O., from ordination till June 10, 1884; of 4th Philadel- 
 phia since Sept. 29, 1884. 
 
 FARRINGTON, Thomas T. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 182 1, in Newburgh, N. Y. ; was graduated at 
 Union in 1839, ^^^ studied theology at Newburgh; spent two 
 years before the mast in a whaling voyage in the Pacific 
 ocean on account of his health; was licensed in May, 1845, 
 by New York Pres., and ordained Aug. 12, '46, by Caledonia; 
 was pastor of Geneva, N, Y., 1846-50; of Salem, N. Y., 
 June II, 1850-Aug. 4, '57. In Dec, 1857, he was installed 
 pastor at Oxbow, N. Y. , and refused to go into the union of 
 1858, and remained in the residuary Synod of New York. In 
 '64 he went to Newburgh, N. Y., as the successor of Dr. Mc- 
 Carrell, where he died suddenly from apoplexy while walking 
 in his garden preparatory to preaching on the 5th of June, 
 1875- 
 FEE, Robert Newton (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 3, 1822, in Chester District, S. C. ; was 
 graduated at the Indiana State University in 1844, and studied 
 
320 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 theology at Oxford; was licensed in Ap., 1847, by Indiana 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 29, '49, by Illinois; pastor of Oska- 
 loosa, la., Nov., 1849-Ap., '55; of Harrison, la., Sept., 1855- 
 Ap., '61; Jordan's Grove, 111., Oct., 1862-Ap., '71; one year 
 missionary in Washington Territory; four years missionary 
 and teacher among the Nez Perce Indians; missionary to the 
 Warm Spring Indians, in Oregon, i878-'9; retired to Lewis- 
 ton, Idaho, as an invalid, and died there Mar. 12, 1887. 
 
 FERGUS, Alexander Gilfillan (A. R.)*: 
 
 Born Nov. 18, 1823, ^^ Elizabeth, Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Washington in 1845 with the first honors of his class, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1850, by 
 Blairsville Pres., and by the same ordained Sept. 2, '51, and 
 installed pastor of Sewickly and W. Newton, in Westmore- 
 land Co., and died on the 30th of the same month from in- 
 flammation of the bowels. Yet during this short pastorate of 
 less than a month he was permitted to perform all the duties 
 peculiar to the ministerial office, for he sat as a member of 
 Presbytery and of Synod, received members into the church, 
 baptized, administered the Lord's Supper, and ordained a 
 ruling elder. Publication: A Sermon, in Vol. III. of the 
 Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 
 FERGUSON, Harvey Thompson: 
 
 Was born Aug. 24, 1846, in Richland Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Ohio Central College in 187 1, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed June 23, 1874, by Mansfield Pres., and 
 ordained June 23, '75, by Keokuk; pastor of Living Lake 
 and Grand Prairie, Washington Co., la., June 27, 1875-Ap. 
 24, '82; Sunny Dale, Kan., since 1884. 
 FERGUSON, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland and educated in Scotland; was received 
 Ap. I, 1821, by Monongahela Pres., as a licentiate from the 
 Pres. of Tyrone, Ireland; was ordained by Monongahela in 
 Sept., 1823, ^^^ installed as pastor of Harmony and connec- 
 tions; was deposed from the ministry June 23, 1824, for drunk- 
 enness. 
 
 FERGUSON, James Alexander: 
 
 Was born May 5, 1851, in Pittsburgh; was graduated at 
 
THE MINISTRY. 321 
 
 Monmouth in 1876, and studied theology one year at Mon- 
 mouth with Dr. Scott, one year at Allegheny, and one year in 
 Edinburgh, Scotland; was licensed Ap. 11, 1877, by Rock 
 Island Pres., and ordained Nov. 6, '79, by Des Moines; pastor 
 of Newton and Palo Alto, la., from his ordination until Nov. 
 9, '82; S. S. at Loveland, Colo., 1883, and pastor since Sept. 
 12, '84. 
 FERGUSON, Robert Gracey, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 16, 1842, at Dry Run, Franklin Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1862, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1865, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 17, '66, by Big Spring; pastor of Mercers- 
 burg and the Cove, 1866-June, '74, and of Butler, Pa., Jan. 
 18, 1875-July 8, '84; President of Westminster College since 
 1884. 
 FERGUSON, William H. : 
 
 Was graduated at Franklin in 1873, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed by Detroit in Sept. 1878, and ordained 
 Sept. 9, '85, by Central Illinois; spent some years in teach- 
 ing, and has been pastor at Piper City, 111. , since ordination. 
 
 FERRIER, Thomas (A.)=^: 
 
 Was born in 1782 in Perth, Scotland; was graduated at 
 Glasgow University, and studied theology at Edinburgh ; was 
 licensed in 181 2, and labored for some years as missionary in 
 the Orkney Islands; came to the U. S. in 182 1, and was or- 
 dained Sept. 27, '22, by Cambridge Pres. ; pastor of Ryegate, 
 Vt, 1822-July 6, '25; was four years S. S. in Upper Canada; 
 itinerated for a time, and then began preaching at Apple 
 River, Jo Daviess Co., 111., in Nov., 1840, and was pastor of 
 the same 1844-53; ^i^^ i^ Galena, Mar. 20, 1854. 
 
 FIELDS, Alexander Ballantyne*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 16, 1835, at Shirland, Allegheny Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1857, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed June 11, 1861, by Westmoreland 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 4, '62, by the same; pastor of Mt. 
 Pleasant and Madison, Nov., 1862-Nov., '67; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch., and after filling several pastorates was injured 
 by the cars, and died Oct. 15, 1886, at Brockwayville, Pa. 
 
322 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 FIFE, James Hultz (A. R.) *: 
 
 Was born Aug. ii, 1821, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1843, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 31, 1847, by Monongaliela Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 25, '49, by the Lake; was pastor of Fairview, 
 Lawrenceburg and Mt. Varnum Ap., 1849-Dec., '55; of Mt. 
 Pleasant and Laurel Hill from 1856 until his death, July 26, 
 1861, from dysenter}^ 
 FINDLEY, James Galloway Dinwiddie: 
 
 Son of Dr. William; was born Dec. 10, 1839, in Butler 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1861, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 15, 1867, by Mer- 
 cer Pres., and ordained Oct. 14, '69, by First New York; 
 pastor in Newburgh, N. Y., since ordination. He enlisted 
 as a private in 8ist Ohio regiment of volunteers Aug. 11, 
 1862; promoted Sergeant Major immediately; First Lieuten- 
 ant, Jan. 3, 1864, and Adjutant in March; was wounded at 
 the battle of Winchester, Va., Sept., 19, 1864, and mustered 
 out July I, 1865. 
 FINDLEY, John JuNKiN, (A. R.)*: 
 
 Brother of Dr. William; was born in Mercer Pa., May 25, 
 1815; was graduated at Franklin in 1837, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 29, 1840, by Lake 
 Pres., and ordained May 12, '42, by the same; was pastor of 
 Waterford and McKean, Erie Co., Pa., 1841-Nov. 22, '53; 
 turned to secular pursuits, and died Feb. 6, 1862. 
 
 FINDLEY, John Ross (A. R.): 
 
 Son of Rev. Dr. Samuel; was born in Sept., 1829, in 
 Washington Guernsey Co. , O. ; was educated at Franklin 
 and studied theology at Oxford; was licensed in Ap. 1852, by 
 Chillicothe Pres., and ordained in Oct., '53, by Springfield; 
 pastor of Urbana, O., Oct., 1853-Sept. '56; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch., and is at Bradford, Pa. 
 
 FINDLEY, Samuel, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 11, 1786, in Allegheny Co., Pa. The 
 family was of Covenanter stock. When fourteen years old he 
 heard the Rev. Dr. John Black, of Pittsburgh (just ordained), 
 preach in a grove near his father's farm, in Butler Co., and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 323 
 
 was SO miich impressed that when going home he turned aside 
 into the woods, and, kneeling by a fallen tree, dedicated him- 
 self to the work of the gospel ministry, resolving to serve his 
 father faithfully until twenty-one years old, and then to ask 
 for his liberty to shift for himself. Three years afterward his 
 father opened a little country store and made him the clerk. 
 In stocking the store some school books were purchased, and 
 by some mistake or providence a Latin grammar appeared in 
 the lot. This he appropriated and began the study of Latin at 
 night, which he pursued with such assiduity for a year and a 
 half as to injure his eyesight and general health, and compel 
 cessation. About 1806 he and the late Rev. Dr. Taggart put 
 themselves under the tuition of the Rev. Alex. Calderhead, 
 of Belmont Co. , O. , and studied the languages and sciences 
 until 1809, when they were received as students of theology 
 and sent to the Seminary in New York. In 1810, through 
 the influence of his uncle, the Hon. William Findley, of 
 Westmoreland Co., then in Congress, he was appointed to 
 take the census of Butler Co. , and this brought him a liberal 
 compensation sufficient to sustain him during the remainder 
 of his student's life. He was licensed Sept. 2, 1813, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained June 22, '14, by the same. 
 At ordination he was installed pastor of West Middletown and 
 Cross Roads, in Washington Co. , Pa. , and Short Creek, Ohio 
 Co., Va. ; was released from the first June 12, 1822, from the 
 second in 1820, and from the last Sept. 8, 1824. ^^ the 
 bounds of the Short Creek congregation he established and 
 carried on the "Union Academy." About 1820 his health 
 began to fail, yet he continued to preach when unable to 
 stand up, and delivered his discourses from a reclining pos- 
 ture. He finally became unable to do even this, and in 1823 
 went to New York and submitted to a painful surgical opera- 
 tion, which retained him there for six months. During all this 
 time the Rev. Dr. Knox took him to his home and family and 
 tenderly nursed him for the Saviour's sake. When suffi- 
 ciently restored to resume labor he sought a new charge, and 
 in the spring of 1824 commenced preaching to the united 
 charge of Washington, Fairview and Miller's Fork, Guern- 
 sey Co., O., although he was not formally dismissed from his 
 
324 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 old charge and certified to the Second Pres., of Ohio until 
 Sept., 1824. I^ 1836 he resigned Washington and Fairview, 
 and confined his labors to Miller's Fork, now called Antrim, 
 until 1855, when he resigned to take the agency of raising 
 funds for the founding of Madison College at Antrim. 
 
 • He was a man of great energy and activity in devising and 
 carrying out schemes of usefulness. While in Virginia he 
 established a classical academy, and did the same in Washing- 
 ton and in Antrim, O. The last he had erected into a col- 
 lege, and while engaged in raising means to establish it firmly 
 he was, in 1856, stricken with paralysis, which terminated 
 his active labors and caused the miscarriage of his educational 
 scheme. He rallied so as to be able to preach occasionally, 
 but his work was virtually done. He resided mainly there- 
 after with his eldest son, the Rev. Dr. William T. , and died 
 in his family in Newark, N. J. , Feb. 22, 1870. He inaugu- 
 rated the era of periodical literature in the Asso. Ref Church 
 in the west by commencing the monthly publication of the 
 Religious Exajniner in 1827, which he continued until the 
 beginning of 1835, and then passed it over to Dr. David 
 MacDill to be combined with his periodical. Publications: 
 Two Sermons, in the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 FINDLEY, Samuel, Jr., D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Son of Dr. Samuel; was born Oct. 26, 1818, at West Mid- 
 dletown, Washington Co., Pa. ; when five years old was taken 
 by his father to Guernsey Co., O. , where he was reared; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1839, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed July 7, 1841, by Second Ohio, and or- 
 dained, sine titido^ Oct. 12, '42, by the same; S. S. for a year 
 at Lafayette, Ind; pastor of Troy and Sulphur Springs, in 
 Richland Co., Oct., i843-'6; ill health turned him to teach- 
 ing, and he became Principal of the Academy at Edinburgh, 
 Wayne Co., and the Academy at Chillicothe; was President 
 of Madison College at Antrim, O., i853-'6, and for a short 
 time Principal of Urbana Female Seminar}\ In Oct., 1856, 
 he united with the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor of the 
 Sixth Ch., Pittsburgh, May, i857-'6i; Prof, of Logic and 
 Rhetoric in the Western University i86i-'3; taught a classi- 
 cal school in Pittsburgh i863-'5; pastor of Fourth Ch., Day- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 325 
 
 ton, O., i865-'7o; Carlisle Station, Warren Co., iSyo-'S, and 
 S. S. at Somerville, Butler Co., O., i879-'84, and is at Roxa- 
 bell, O. He was two years and a half editor of the Pennsyl- 
 vajiia Teacher, a monthly magazine, and has been corres- 
 ponding member of the American Entomological Society. 
 Publication: Rambles Among Insects, iSmo., pp. 280, 1878. 
 
 FINDLEY, William, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 4, 1808, in Mercer, Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Jefferson in 1828, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Princeton; was licensed May 16, 1832, by Lake Pres., and 
 ordained May 25, '37, by the same; was pastor of Prospect 
 and White Oak Spring, Butler Co., May, i837-'57, exchang- 
 ing the latter for Portersville in 1851; of Shenango July 1859 
 -'66; for fifteen years associated with Westminster College as 
 professor or financial agent; pastor of Williamsford and Ches- 
 ley, Canada, July 7, 1876-Ap. 15, '79. Died May 9, 1886. 
 FINDLEY, William Abel: 
 
 Was born Oct. 10, 1839, in Muskingum Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Muskingum in 1862, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 5, 1865, by Allegheny Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 3, '67, by First New York; pastor of East 
 Eleventh St., New York, Ap. i867-'8; at Chetopa, Kan., 
 1870-Dec. 19, 1872. Without charge at Independence, Mo., 
 since 1873. 
 FINDLEY, William Thornton, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Son of Rev. Dr. Samuel; was born June 2, 1814, in Wash- 
 ington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Franklin in 1838, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 12, 1839, 
 by Second Ohio, and ordained, sine titiilo, Ap. 19, '43, by the 
 same; pastor of Chillicothe, O., i844-'55. In 1855 he joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor of Springfield, O., 1855 
 -'9; of Xenia, 1859-69, and has been pastor in Newark, N. 
 J., since 1869. Publications: Some twenty-two separate Ser- 
 mons and Addresses, 1847-80. 
 FINNEY, James Patterson: 
 
 Was born Feb. 27, 1837, at Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson, Co., 
 O. : was graduated at Westminster in 1861, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 19, 1865, by Mansfield 
 
326 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ Nov. 15, '66, by Wabash; 
 was S. S. of Carnahan Creek, Kan., 1867-71; pastor of 
 Unity, Adams Co., O., Oct., 1871-Aug. 23, '76; of Hopewell, 
 Kan., since June 19, 1879. 
 
 FINNEY, James R.*: 
 
 Was born in 1834 in Logan Co., O. ; was "^graduated at 
 Miami in i860, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 June 26, 1866, by Xenia Pres., and ordained June 20, '67, by 
 Kansas; was pastor of Prosperity, Randolph Co., 111., May i, 
 1868- Ap. 16, '73; died July 18, 1873. 
 FINNEY, RuFUS C. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 23, 1849, ^^ ^^w Plymouth, Vinton Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1873, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 17, 1877, by Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 23, '78, by First Ohio; pastor of 
 Unity, Butler Co., O., Ap., '78-July i, '87; was principal of 
 Coulterville Academy, 111., for two years. 
 
 FINNEY, Thomas J. : 
 
 Was born Sept. , 12, 1852, at Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1878, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 20, 1881, by Mansfield 
 Pres., and ordained June 14, '82, by the same; sailed in Sept., 
 '82, -for the foreign field, and is located at Mansoora, Egypt. 
 FISHER, Jacob P. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. i, 1812, in Harrison Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Muskingum in 1839, ^^ fi^^^ graduate of the institution, 
 and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in the sum- 
 mer of 1843 ^y Muskingum Pres., and ordained Oct, 27, '44, 
 by Miami; pastor of Cherry Fork, Adams Co., O., Oct., 1844 
 -'52; died near Washington, Pa., Ap. 8, 1853, from cancer 
 of the stomach. 
 FISHER, John Robertson: 
 
 Was born June 17, 1839, in Cambridge, Washington Co., 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Williams College, Mass. , and studied 
 theology at Princeton; was licensed May 2, 1865, by Argyle 
 Pres., and ordained June 14, '66, by the same; pastor in Heb- 
 ron, N. Y., June, 1866-June, '74; joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and is located at South Orange, N. J. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 327 
 
 FISHER, Junius Adams*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 26, 1854, at Portersville, Butler Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1878, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 6, 1881, by Keokuk Pres., and or- 
 dained, sinetitulo^ May 3, '81, by the same, and died Oct. 4, 
 1881. 
 FITZGERALD, Samuel G. : 
 
 Was born May 9, 1847, in Juniata Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1870, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 28, 1872, by Big Spring Pres., and ordained 
 May 4, '74, by Philadelphia; pastor of Fifth Ch., Philadel- 
 phia, May, 1874-Dec. 30, '75, and of Third Ch. since Mar. 
 7, 1876. 
 FLICK, Albert: 
 
 Was born June 4, 1857, in Butler Co., Pa., and graduated 
 at Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pa.; in 1884; studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed June 29, 1886, by Beaver 
 Valley Pres., and ordained June 28, '87, by Allegheny; pas- 
 tor of Fleming cong., Allegheny Co., Pa., since ordination. 
 
 FORREST, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1768 in Dunbar, Scotland; was graduated at 
 the University of Edinburgh, and studied theology with Dr. 
 Lawson at the Burgher Hall; was ordained in 1796; was pas- 
 tor of the Associate congregation of Saltcoate, in Ayrshire, 
 1796-1802; sailed Sept. i, 1802, with Dr. John M. Mason, 
 and joined the Asso. Ref. Synod in Oct.; was pastor of Pearl 
 Street in New York, Ap. 26, 1804-June 14, '08; of Stamford, 
 Delaware Co., N. Y., Jan. 15, i8io-'43, and died Mar. 17, 
 1846. Publications: Conversion of an Aged Sinner, a Narra- 
 tive, 1807; Great Encouragement to Perseverance in Mission- 
 ary Labors, a Sermon, 1815; A Testimony on the Doctrines 
 of Original Sin and of Atonement, prepared by order of the 
 Associate Reformed Synod of New York, 1831. He was also 
 a liberal contributor to the Christian Magazine, i832-'42; a 
 Sermon, in Vol. II. of the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Church. 
 
 FORRESTER, Benton John*: 
 
 Was born June 12, 1845, at Prospect, Butler Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1870, and studied theology at 
 
328 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Monmouth and Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 1871, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained Jan. 21, '75, by Albany; 
 pastor of Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Jan., 1875-Sept. 
 30, '76; joined the Presbyterian Ch. in 1878, and in it was 
 pastor of Marlette, Mich., Feb. 25, 1879-Ap., '81. Died at 
 Prospect, Pa., Nov. 22, 1883, of consumption. 
 FORRESTER, Robert (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Scotland, and spent much of his youth in Bal- 
 timore, Md. ; studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 June 13, 1837, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Nov. 7, '38, 
 by Richland ; pastor of Truro, Franklin Co. , O. , from his or- 
 dination until his death, Nov. i, 1861. 
 
 FORSYTH, David: 
 
 Was born Jan. 30, 1829, ^^ McConnellsburg, Fulton Co., 
 Pa.; was graduated at Muskingum in 1855; studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed in July, 1858, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 15, i860, by Butler; was pastor of Unity, 
 Clintonville and Scotch Hill, 1860-Oct., '67; was missionary 
 to the freedmen at Leavenworth, Kan. ; pastor of Stanwood, 
 la.. Mar., 1873-Oct., '77; of New Zion, Neb., since Sept. 6, 
 1881. 
 FORSYTH, Hugh (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 3, 1817, at Rixville, Muskingum Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1838, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed in Ap., 1841, by Second Ohio, and 
 ordained May 24, '42, by the same; was installed at ordina- 
 tion over Fairview and Washington, Guernsey Co., O. ; re- 
 signed Washington, Ap., '52, and Fairview, Feb., '61; S. S. 
 at Barlow, Washington Co., i86i-'6; at Cambridge, O., 
 without charge. 
 FORSYTH, James B. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland, educated at Franklin, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1844, by Musk- 
 ingum Pres., and ordained July i, '47, by the same; pastor of 
 Goshen, Perry Co., O., 1847-51: supplied for two years in 
 Iowa, and died at Kingston in that State in 1853 °^ '54- 
 FORSYTH, James C. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born June 24, 1826, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 329 
 
 uated at Washington in 1848, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1851, by Blairsville Pres., and 
 ordained Oct. 27, '52, by Steubenville; pastor of Cadiz, O., 
 1852-8; of Salem, N. Y., June 29, 1858-May 14, '70; entered 
 the Dutch Ch., and was pastor of Farmer Village, N. Y., 
 i87o-'5, and has been pastor of the Presbyterian Ch. in Mont- 
 gomery, N. Y., since 1875. 
 FORSYTH, John, D. D., LL. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 31, 1810, in Newburgh, N. Y. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Rutgers College, N, J., in 1829; studied theology in 
 Newburgh under Dr. McCarrell, in Edinburgh under Dr. 
 Chalmers, and in Glasgow under Dr. Dick ; was licensed Ap. 
 14, 1833, by the Pres. of Aberdeen, Scotland, and ordained 
 July 2, '34, by New York; pastor of the Asso. Ref congrega- 
 tion in Philadelphia^i834-Dec., '36; of the Union Ch., New- 
 burgh, N. Y., 1 837-' 47; was Prof of Biblical Literature in 
 the Theo. Sem., Newburgh, i837-'42; Prof, of Latin in 
 Princeton College 1847-53; Prof of Biblical Literature and 
 Ecclesiastical History in the Newburgh Seminary 1 852-' 58; 
 declined going into the union of 1858, and united with the 
 Ref Dutch Ch. ; Prof of English Language and Literature 
 in Rutgers College i860-' 3; Prof, of Moral Philosophy and 
 History and Chaplain in the U. S. Military Academy at West 
 Point 1871-82. Died Oct. 17, 1886. Publications: Memoirs 
 of Alexander Proudfit, D. D., 1844; Pastor's Councils to a 
 Young Christian, 1844; Seven Sermons; Five Addresses; 
 Sketches of Scottish History, in Christian Magazine^ 1836; 
 History of the Marion Controversy, in Christian Magazine^ 
 1837; History of the Associate Reformed Church, in Rupp's 
 History of All Denominations, 1844; Historical Essays on the 
 Reformation in Holland and Geneva, and on the Synod of 
 Dort, in the Christian Iiitelligencer^ 1856; Sketch of the Life 
 and Times of Rev. W. Romaine, 1856; Sketches of the Lives 
 of the early Governors of New York, 1863; History of the 
 Public Schools in Newburgh, 1863; Editorials in the Chris- 
 tian Instrnctor^ i844-'6; Additional Notes to the Epistle of 
 James in Henry's Commentary, London edition, 1848; Trans- 
 lation and Enlargement of Moll's Exposition of Psalms 42-50, 
 in Lange's Commentary, 1871; Translation and Enlargement 
 21 
 
330 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 of Schmoller's Exposition of Joel, with a new version, in 
 Lange's Commentary, 1874; Letters to the Scottish Guardian^ 
 Glasgow, 1846-61; Thomas Boston, in the New Brunswick 
 Review^ 1849; Twenty-three Articles in the Princeton Re- 
 view^ 1843-69; Five Articles in the Theological and Literary 
 Review (Dr. Lord), 185 1-' 7; Ten Letters in Sprague's Annals; 
 Letters in the Memorial of Rev. Thomas De Witt, D. D. ; 
 Memoirs of Rev. Joseph McCarrell, D. D. in, "Men of Note 
 in Cumberland Valley," 1876; Analytical Index of Princeton 
 Reviezv for 1825-8; Index to Topics Discussed in Forty Vol- 
 umes of Princeton Review^ 1829-68. 
 
 FOSTER, James Bonner*: 
 
 Was born July 6, 1837, at Morning Sun, Preble Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Miami in 1858, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 6, 1859, by First Ohio, and or- 
 dained, sine titulo^ Jan. 3, '61, by the same; S. S. at Dayton, 
 O., 1861-3; pastor of Young America, 111., i864-'7; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch. , and was pastor in Cincinnati and Cum- 
 minsville, O. ; died Feb. 27, 1873, while on a visit to Due 
 West, S. C, on account of his health. 
 FRANCE, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1773 in Moniave, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was 
 graduated at Glasgow University, and studied theology in the 
 Burgher Hall; was licensed by the Pres. of Stirling, and or- 
 dained by the Pres. of Forfar in 1806; was pastor of the con- 
 gregation of Kirriemuir for a number of years; came to this 
 country in 1819, and united with the Associate Church; was 
 pastor of Glade Run and New Bethel, Butler and Beaver 
 counties. Pa., Ap., i820-'4i. He died in 1861 in his son's 
 house in Harlem, Carroll Co., O. 
 
 FRAZER, James Ingles: 
 
 Was born Sept. i, 1836, near Hookstown, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1854, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg and Xenia; was licensed Oct. 19, 1858, by Char- 
 tiers Pres., and ordained Ap. 25, '61, by Indiana; pastor of 
 Milroy and Vienna, Rush Co., Ind., i86i-Ap., '65; Superin- 
 tendent of Freedmen's Mission one year on Davis' Bend, and 
 two years at Vicksburg, Miss. ; pastor of Beaver Falls, Pa. , 
 Feb. 21, 1871-Ap. 10, '83. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 33 1 
 
 FRAZIER, James Adair (A. R.) *: 
 
 Was born Jan. 17, 1819, near West Union, Adams Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Miami in 1845, ^"^ studied theology' at Ox- 
 ford; was licensed in Ap., '48, by Michigan, and ordained in 
 June, 1849, by ^^^ same; was pastor of Martin, Mich., June, 
 1 849-' 50; in spring of 1850 was chosen foreign missionary 
 by the General Synod, and sailed Dec. 12 for Syria. His 
 wife dying, he returned to this country in 1853 on account of 
 his family, and sailed again for Syria Sept. 30, 1854. His 
 house, library and everything were burnt in the massacre of 
 i860, the mission was broken up, and he was forced to return 
 to the United States. Oct. '25, 1862, he sailed a third time 
 for Syria, and died in Damascus, Aug. 30, 1863, from conges- 
 tion of lungs. 
 
 FRAZIER, James R. : 
 
 Was born at St. Clairsville, Belmont Co., O., Aug. 9, 1854! 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1877, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1879, by Wheeling Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 24, '80, by Delaware; has been pastor of 
 Davenport, Delaware Co., N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 FRAZIER, Samuel Robinson: 
 
 Was born in Belmont Co., O., Feb. 23, 1846; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1862, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 11, 1865, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained June 
 II, '67, by First Ohio; pastor of Mt. Pleasant, Butler Co., 
 0.,June II, 1867-N0V. 28, '71; of Third Ch., Pittsburgh, 
 July 28, 1872-Mar, 25, '79. Professor in the Imperial Uni- 
 versity, Yokohama, Japan, 1879-1884; Youngstown, O., since 
 May 5, 1884. 
 
 FRAZIER, Samuel Robinson: 
 
 Was born in 1847 in Ohio Co., West Va. ; was graduated at 
 Washington and Jefferson in 1874, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 1877, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Dec. 11, '78, by Wheeling; was pastor of Cadiz, 
 O., Dec, 1878-June 8, '80; Oxford, O., Sept. 26, 1882-Sept. 
 29, '85; Rushville, Ind., Dec, '85-Ap., '87; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch., and is at Columbus, Ind. 
 
332 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 FREE, Peter W. : 
 
 Was born Sept. 9, 1839, at S. Shenango, Crawford Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1868, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth and Xenia; was licensed May 4, 1869, by Lake 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 6, '70, by the same; pastor of 
 Waterford, Erie Co., Pa., since ordination. 
 
 FREEBORN, James G. : 
 
 Was born in Eastern Ohio, and educated academically at 
 Richmond, O. ; studied theology at Monmouth ; was licensed 
 in Ap., 1862, by Des Moines Pres., and ordained in the sum- 
 mer of '63 by the same; was pastor of Boonsboro', la., 1863 
 -'70; of Milroy, Rush Co., Ind., June 14, 1870-Oct. 31, '71; 
 left the church in 1872, and preaches to an Independent 
 church in Kansas. 
 
 FREETLY, John L. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Mar., 1812, in Lancaster Co., Pa.; was soon 
 left an orphan and brought up by friends in York Co. ; was 
 graduated at the Western University in 1836, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 17, 1839, ^Y Mononga- 
 hela Pres., and ordained June 2, '42, by Illinois; was pastor 
 of S. Henderson and Ellison June, 1842-Ap., '46; S. S. at 
 Ross Grove and other places for many years; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. in 1868, and died on his farm near Harmony, 
 111., Dec. 22, 1878. 
 FRENCH, David (A,)*: 
 
 Was bom in Aug., 1783, in Salem, N. Y. ; was educated at 
 Union, and studied theology with Dr. Anderson at Service; 
 was licensed Nov. i, 1809, by Cambridge Pres., and ordained, 
 sine tihilo^ Aug. 28, 1810, by Chartiers; pastor of North Buf- 
 falo, Washington Co., Pa., from July 2, 1811, until Jan. 3, 
 '54, when he resigned because of paralysis, and died Mar. 30, 
 1855. A man of great worth and of good influence every 
 way, and specially distinguished for his ability and unction 
 in prayer. He gave five sons to the ministry of his church. 
 
 FRENCH, Daniel Houston. D. D. : 
 
 Son of Rev. David; was born Dec. 11, 1830, in Washing- 
 ton Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1857, ^^^ studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed June i, 1859, by Mansfield 
 
THE MINISTRY. 333 
 
 Pres., and ordained May 2, 1861, by Chartiers; was pastor of 
 Chartiers congregation May, 1861-June, '66; was installed 
 over Mansfield and Monroe, O., in Aug. 1866; was released 
 from the latter in 1868, and the former in Sept., 1879; pastor 
 of Dayton, O., since Ap. 6, 1880, 
 
 FRENCH, David WiSHART, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. David; was born May 20, 1818, in Wash- 
 ington Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Washington in 1842, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 16, 1846, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Sept. 8, '47, by Cambridge; 
 was pastor of East Salem, Washington Co., N. Y., Sept., 
 1847-Mar. 28, '55; of Mercer, Pa., Oct., 1856, until his death; 
 died suddenly Mar. 16, 1875. 
 
 FRENCH, John McClellan (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. David; was born Nov. 18, 1812, in Buffalo 
 township, Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Franklin 
 in 1835, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 July 8, 1840, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Oct. 22, '41, 
 by the same; was pastor of Noblestown, Pa., from his ordina- 
 tion until his death, which occurred Oct. 10, 1843. 
 
 FRENCH, John McClellan: 
 
 Son of the Rev. David, and half-brother of his namesake; 
 was born July 19, 1844, in Buffalo township, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Washington and Jefferson in 1868, and 
 studied theology at Xenia and Princeton; was licensed in 
 Ap., 1871, by Xenia Pres., and ordained June 27, '72, by 
 Rock Island; was pastor of North Henderson, 111., June, 
 1872-Sept. 30, '75; of Mercer, Pa., Nov. i, 1875-July 18, '80; 
 of Cleveland, O., since Ap. 12, 1881. Publication: History 
 of the First United Presbyterian Church of Mercer, 1876. 
 FRENCH, Rensselaer W. (A.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 11, 1814, in the town of Wooster, Otsego 
 Co., N. Y. ; was educated at Franklin and Muskingum, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in July, 1843, 
 by Richland Pres., and ordained in Oct., '44, by Illinois; 
 pastor of N. Henderson, 111., with Viola and Rock Island as 
 preaching stations, Oct., 1844-May, '48; of Somonauk, De 
 Kalb Co. (which he had organized in 1846), with Wheatland, 
 
334 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 thirty-two miles distant, as preaching station, May, 1848- 
 June, '60; was installed in the autumn of 1861 for half-time, 
 but gave his whole time at Wilton, Will Co., 111., a congre- 
 gation which he had organized in i860; resigned Sept. 5, '82. 
 Publication: Pre-millennialism Defended, pp. 66, 1879. 
 FRENCH, William Hanna, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. David; was born Nov. 9, 1828, in Wash- 
 ington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1852, and 
 stndied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 17, 1856, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Aug. 27, '57, by Richland; 
 pastor of Iberia, O., Aug., 1857-Ap., '70; President of Ohio 
 Central College, Iberia, i868-'70, and pastor in Cincinnati, 
 O., since May, 1870. 
 FUIvTON, Andrew (A.)*: 
 
 Was born and educated in Scotland, and licensed Dec. 17, 
 1793, by the Asso. Pres. (Anti-burgher) of Kilmarnock; was 
 ordained June 28, '97, by the Pres. of Perth, with a view to 
 being sent on a mission to the State of Kentucky, in response 
 to an application that had been made to the General Synod 
 by several individuals residing in that State. He and his 
 fellow missionary, the Rev. Robert Armstrong, sailed on the 
 8th of Aug., and landed at New York Oct. 13, 1797. There 
 being no public conveyance across the Allegheny mountains 
 in those days, they traveled on foot from Carlisle, Pa., to Pitts- 
 burgh. As they arrived at Pittsburgh, just at the beginning 
 of winter, it was thought inexpedient that they should at- 
 tempt to descend the Ohio river before the next spring. Early 
 in the following spring they descended the river in a flat boat 
 to Maysville, Ky. In Nov., 1798, according to the instruc- 
 tions of the General Synod of Scotland, they constituted 
 themselves into the Associate Presbytery of Kentucky, sub- 
 ordinate to that Synod. Mr. Fulton was installed in the 
 autumn of 1798 as pastor of the congregation of Drennon's 
 Creek, Henry Co. , Ky. He labored here with great diligence 
 and success for seventeen years, when the greater part of his 
 congregation, from conscientious opposition to slavery, re- 
 moved to Carmel, near Madison, in Jefferson Co., Ind. By 
 the direction of Presbytery he followed them in Nov., 1815, 
 and remained their pastor in their new home until his death 
 
THE MINISTRY. 335 
 
 He died of fever Sept. 10, 1818, in the sixty-third year of his 
 age. 
 
 FULTON, Andrew Smith (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was bom about 1805 in Allegheny Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at the Western University in 1828, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 27, 1831, by Monongahela Pres. , 
 and ordained May 28, '33, by the same; was pastor of Union, 
 Allegheny Co., May, 1833-Aug. 17, '39; of Peoria, 111., 1839 
 -'43; died at Tarentum, Pa., without charge. Mar. 10, 1845. 
 Publication: A Sermon in Vol. V. of the Pulpit of the Asso. 
 Ref Church. 
 
 FULTON, James McFarland, D. D. : 
 
 Brother of William, was born Aug. 31, 1849, i^ Belmont 
 Co., O. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1872, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 3, 1876, by Lake 
 Pres., and ordained May i, ^^']^ by Allegheny; pastor of the 
 Fourth Ch., Allegheny, since ordination. 
 
 FULTON, John Lockhart, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 11, 1836, in Washington Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Monmouth in 1862, and studied theology at Mon- 
 mouth; was licensed Ap. 2, 1863, ^Y Monmouth Pres., and 
 ordained in Ap., '64, by Le Claire; was pastor of Cedar 
 Rapids, la., 1864-67; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is 
 pastor in Allegheny, Pa. 
 
 FULTON, Jonathan Gilmore (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 14, 1817, in Pittsburgh; was graduated at 
 the Western University in 1833, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed May 25, 1837, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained June 5, '38, by the same; was pastor of Puckety 
 and Tarentum June, 1838-Aug. 17, '39; Blairsville, Pa., Jan., 
 1840-Ap., '47; of Turtle Creek, Westmoreland Co., Feb., 
 1852-Sept., '59; was appointed chaplain of the 6ist Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers Sept., 1861, but had to resign after 
 some time because of dullness of hearing; organized the con- 
 gregation of Braddock's Field in 1864, and continued in 
 charge until Ap. 11, 1869, and died in Pittsburgh, Ap. 17, 
 1870. 
 
336 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 FULTON, WiLUAM*: 
 
 Was born June 11, 1837, on the Atlantic ocean; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1859, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 14, 1863, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 25, '64, by Conemaugh; was pastor of Indiana, Pa., 
 Oct., 1864-May 4, '70; of Fourth Allegheny Ch. June 14, 1870, 
 until his death, which occurred in Allegheny June 25, 1873. 
 
 FULTON, William Sigerson*: 
 
 Son of Jonathan G. ; was born Feb. 14, 1853, at East Lib- 
 erty, Pa. ; was graduated at Yale in 1875, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 27, 1877, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Dec. 31, ''^^^ by Westmoreland; was in- 
 stalled at Braddock's Field, Pa., at ordination, but resigned 
 on the i6th of the following Oct. because of ill health; S. S. 
 at Stewart's Station, Pa,, and pastor elect of the Eighth Ch., 
 Pittsburgh; died Ap. 20, 1881. 
 
 GAGER, Stephen Decatur (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Windham, Conn., but spent much of his youth 
 in Orange Co. , N. Y. ; received an academic education, and 
 studied theology in Newburgh; was licensed May 16, 1843, 
 by the Pres. of New York, and ordained, sine titido^ July 18, 
 '50, by Mansfield; has always labored in the Home Mission- 
 ary field, and has been for many years in Oregon. 
 
 GAILEY, John: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Richard; was born in Westmoreland Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1861, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1865, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 24, '66, by Butler; pastor of Butler, 
 Pa., 1866-Dec. 26, '71; of Fourth Ch., Pittsburgh, Mar. 26, 
 1872-Oct. 17, ''']^\ of Utica, O., Feb. 11, 1881-June 9, '85; 
 Millersburg, O., since Jan. 9, 1886. 
 GAILEY, Richard (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 31, 1806, in Letterkenny, Ireland; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1835, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 11, 1838, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 30, '39, by the same; pastor of Sewickly and Mt. 
 Pleasant Ap., 1839-Aug., '49; of Monroe and connections, O., 
 1850, until his death, which occurred Ap. 2, 1875, at Lexing- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 337 
 
 ton, O. During many of his later years he was also engaged 
 in teaching. 
 
 GALBRAITH, George Thomas: 
 
 Was born Ap. 22, 1845, in Barnet, Vt. ; was graduated at 
 Dartmouth College, N. H., and studied theology at Newburgh; 
 was licensed Ap. 15, 1874, by the Vermont Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 21, '75, by First New York; was pastor of the 127th St. 
 congregation, New York, from ordination until Aug. i, '76; 
 of E. Greenwich, N. Y. June 27, 1877-Sept. 5, '82; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch., and is at Liberty, N. Y. 
 
 GALBRAITH, William (A.): 
 
 Was born July 17, 1808, in Barnet, Vt. ; was graduated at 
 Union in 1831, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed July 8, 1835, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Nov. 
 23, '36, by Allegheny; was pastor of Freeport and Buffalo, and 
 Warren, in Armstrong Co., Pa., Nov. i836-'66; Cedar and 
 Unity, la., Dec. 15, 1869-Ap. 15, '70; Portersville, Butler Co., 
 Sept. 3, i872-'3; and Sutton, Mass., since Oct. 12, '86. 
 
 GALLOWAY, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa., Aug. 4, 1786; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1805, and commenced the study of 
 the law, but the death of his preceptor was the means 01 
 changing his thoughts and purposes, so that in the autumn 
 of 1806 he entered the Seminary in New York under Dr. 
 Mason. He was licensed June 28, 18 10, by the Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 10, '11, by the same, and installed 
 pastor of Mercer, Shenango and Mahoning. He resigned 
 the last Ap. 12, '15, and the other two Ap. 8, '18, because of 
 declining health, and died May 21, 1818, of consumption. 
 
 GALLOWAY, John Bunyan: 
 
 Was born Ap. 4, 1843, i^ Ayrshire, Scotland; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1871, and studied theology at Monmouth; 
 was licensed in the spring of 1873, by Monmouth Pres., and 
 ordained Dec. 19, '74, by Le Claire; was pastor of Clarence, 
 la., Dec, 1874-July 15, '79; of Vernon, Wis., since Dec. 28, 
 1881; was corporal in the i42d Illinois regiment in the civil 
 
 war. 
 
338 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 GALLOWAY, John Mason (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. James; was born Jan. 8, 1813, in Mercer, 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1832, and studied theology 
 at Princeton and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1836, by 
 Lake Pres., and ordained May 23, '37, by the same; was pas- 
 tor of Shenango, May, 1837-Aug., '38; of Herman's Creek 
 (now Paris) June 12, 1839-55; left the church, and was pastor 
 of the Presbyterian congregation in Clearfield, Pa., 1 857-' 64; 
 died Ap. 4, 1865, of consumption. 
 
 GAMBLE, James M. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 8, 1810, at Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami in 1829, ^^^ studied theology at Allegheny ; was licensed 
 June 14, 1832, by First Ohio, and ordained Sept. 10, '33, by 
 the same; was pastor of Bellefontaine, O., from ordination to 
 death; he died Dec. 19, 1842. 
 GAMBLE, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received June 22, 1825, from the Belfast Pres. of the 
 United Secession Ch. of Ireland by the Pres. of Monongahela; 
 was rebuked for drunkenness in 1825; was suspended in 1826, 
 and deposed Oct. 4, 1828. 
 GARGES, William Louis: 
 
 Was born Ap. 10, 1849, ^^ Fincastle, Va. ; was graduated at 
 Muskingum in 1876, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed June 17, 1879, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 6, 1880, by Southern Illinois; was pastor at Hopewell, 
 Perry Co., Ills., from ordination to Dec. 6, '81; of Beulah, 
 Crawford Co., Kans., Oct. 18, 1882-Ap. 8, '85; Nortonville, 
 since June 16, 1885. 
 GARVIN, James Stewart: 
 
 Was graduated at Westminster, in 1879, ^^^ studied theol- 
 ogy at Allegheny; was licensed June 28, 1881, by Beaver 
 Valley Pres., and ordained Dec. 20, '82, by Westmoreland; 
 pastor at West Newton, Pa., Dec. 20, 1882- 
 GEHRETT, J. A. : 
 
 Was ordained Sept. 6, 1875, by the Pittsburgh Methodist 
 Conference; joined the United Presbyterian Ch. in 1881; pas- 
 tor of Colona and Pleasant Unity, 111., Jan., 1883-Ap., '84; 
 Cedar Creek, 111., June 9, 1884-Ap. 15, '85. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 339 
 
 GELLATLY, Ai^Exander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about the years i720-'2, in Perth, Scotland; was 
 liberally educated, and studied theology in the Anti-burgher 
 Hall; was licensed in the spring of 1752, and ordained in 
 Aug. of the same year, with the view of going under synodic 
 appointment to America in answer to repeated applications 
 from families in Chester and Lancaster counties, in Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was the father of the Secession Church in Amer- 
 ica. In company with the Rev. Andrew Arnot, of Midholm, 
 who remained in the country only a year, he sailed in the 
 early summer of 1753 for America, and in Lancaster Co., Pa., 
 on the 2d of Nov. of the same year, these two organized the 
 Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania, subordinate to the Asso. (Anti- 
 burgher) Synod of Scotland. This was during the period of 
 the Great Schism in the Presbyterian Church, and the New- 
 castle Pres. belonging to the "New Side" Synod of New 
 York, and which had been organized to antagonize the Done- 
 gal Pres., which adhered to the "Old Side" Synod of Phila- 
 delphia, invited Arnot and Gellatly to cast in their lot with 
 them. This they resused to do, and forthwith that Presby- 
 tery issued a warning to their churches against these men as 
 schismatics and separatists (forgetting the raiso7i d'etre of 
 their own Presbytery and Synod), and as being heretical on 
 the gospel offer, the nature of faith, etc. Mr. Gellatly an- 
 swered this in a book of two hundred and forty pages. 
 Messrs. Findley and Smith of the Presbytery replied, and 
 Mr. Gellatly followed with a rejoinder of two hundred and 
 three pages. This unexpected controversy ended favorably 
 to the Seceders, for it brought them prominently before the 
 
 public. 
 
 Mr. Gellatly settled at Middle Octoraro, in Lancaster Co., 
 and Oxford, Chester Co. Here he labored with great dili- 
 gence during the remainder of his life. He died Mar. 12, 
 1 76 1, leaving a widow and an infant daughter, neither of 
 whom long survived him. He was a man of vigorous intel- 
 lect, of great wit, and of gentle and amiable spirit. He never 
 wavered in his adherence to what he believed to be truth, 
 and never shrunk from any effort or sacrifice necessary to its 
 defence. 
 
340 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 GELVIN, Daniel McLean: 
 
 Was born Nov. 6, 1832, in Mercer Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1864, and studied theology at Monmouth; 
 was licensed in Ap., 1866, by Monmouth Pres,, and ordained 
 Oct. 30, '67, by Detroit; pastor of Davisville, Sanilac Co., 
 Mich., i867-'72; has since been in the Domestic Missionary 
 field in Kansas. 
 
 GEORGE, David Patterson*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 26, 1847, ^t Mechanicstown, Carroll Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1871, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 16, 1874, 
 by Steubenville Pres., and ordained Aug. 23, '78, by Wis- 
 consin; after missionating in the West was S. S. at Caledonia, 
 Wis., Ap., 1878-Oct., '80; at Marysville, Tenn., spring of 
 1881 till his death, Aug. 10, 1881. 
 
 GEORGE, James, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born and educated and licensed in Scotland; came to 
 the U. S. in 1830, and was ordained Sept. 21, 1831, by the 
 Asso. Ref. Pres. of New York; was pastor of White Lake, 
 Sullivan Co., N. Y., i83i-'2; passed to the Presbyterian Ch. 
 in Canada, and was there pastor of Stratford, and afterward 
 at Scarborough, and was then Vice-Principal of Queen's Col- 
 lege at Kingston, Upper Canada, until his death, which took 
 place in 1870. 
 
 GEORGE, Robert Alexander: 
 
 Was born Oct. 22, 1856, at Scroggsfield, O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1882, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 31, 1885, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Oct. 4, '86, by First Kansas; pastor at Lawrence, 
 Kan., since ordination. 
 
 GETTY, George Hale: 
 
 Was born Feb. 5, 1857, at West Hebron, N. Y., and was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1881, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. i, 1884, by Allegheny Pres., and 
 ordained July 15, '84, by Monongahela; pastor at Mt. Gilead, 
 July 15, 1884-Sept. 22, '85; New Kingston, N. Y., June 26, 
 1886- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 34 1 
 
 GIBNEY, Joseph Carson: 
 
 Was born Nov. ii, 1852, near Uniontown, Belmont Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1881, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Xenia; was licensed Aug. 18, 1885, by Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained June 9, '86, by Sidney; was pastor 01 
 Buckland, Auglaize Co., and Macedon, Mercer Co., O., since 
 ordination. 
 GIBSON, James Patterson: 
 
 Brother of Dr. Matthew; was born Aug. 10, 1849, ^^^^^ Ox- 
 ford, Chester Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1 87 1, and studied theology at Allegheny and Xenia; was li- 
 censed Mar. 26, 1873, by the Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 22, '74, by Detroit; pastor of Troy and Southfield, Oak- 
 land Co., Mich., from ordination till Jan. 4, '84; Bad Axe, 
 Mich., Sept. 2, 1884-June 3, '85; De Witt, la., Aug. 26, 1885- 
 GIBSON, John Dunlap, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Aug. 20, 1815, in Cambridge, N. Y. ; was edu- 
 cated academically, and studied theology at Newburgh ; was 
 licensed Ap. 2, 1838, by Washington Pres., and ordained 
 Jan. 6, '39, by Caledonia; was pastor of Seneca, Ontario Co., 
 N. Y., Jan. 1839-spring of '44, and of Stamford, Delaware 
 Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1845-Dec. 29, '85; has been President of 
 Delaware Co. Bible Society for more than 40 years. Publica- 
 tions: The Great Commission, a Sermon, 1859; Christ, the 
 Infallible Teacher and Sovereign Saviour, a Sermon. 
 
 GIBSON, John Henry: 
 
 Brother of Dr. Matthew; was born Aug. 10, 1852, near Ox- 
 ford, Chester Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1872, 
 and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed in Ap. 1874, by 
 Detroit Pres., and ordained Dec. 14, '76, by Mercer; was pas- 
 tor of the First Ch., New Wilmington, Pa., Dec, 1876-Ap. 
 I, '80; of Johnstown, Cambria Co., Pa., June 27, 1881-June 
 8, 86; Connellsville, Pa., Sept. 6, 1887- 
 GIBSON, JosiAH Hutchman: 
 
 Was born Mar. 3, 1847, at Center ville, Butler Co., Pa. ; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1873, and studied theology at 
 Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1875, by the First 
 Ohio, and ordained Mar. 13, '77, by Southern Illinois; pastor 
 of Coultersville, Ills,, Mar. 13, 1877-Aug, 3, '86. 
 
342 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 GIBSON, Matthew McCormick, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Dec. ii, 1837, near Oxford, Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in i860, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed in May, 1863, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained 
 July, 21, '64, by Sidney; was pastor at Sidney, O., July, 1864- 
 Feb. 28, '67; was sent as S. S. to the congregation in San 
 Francisco, Cal., in 1867, ^^^ ^^^ been pastor of it since 1869; 
 was Moderator of the Gen. Ass. of 1887. 
 
 GIBSON, W11.LIAM M., D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Jan, 26, 1832, in Washington Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Washington in 1851, and studied theology at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed Oct. 3, 1854, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 ordained Nov. 29, '55; was pastor of North Buffalo, Washing- 
 ton Co., Pa., 1855-N0V. 12, '61; of Millersburg and Dalton, 
 O., for two years, and then the former alone, i863-'73; West 
 Charlton, N. Y., Oct. 30, 1873-Sept. i, '78; of Newark, N. J., 
 Sept. 26, 1878-Feb. 7, '81; Jane street, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1881- 
 June 19, '83. 
 GIFFEN, John: 
 
 Was born Aug. i, 1846, near St. Clairsville, O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1871; studied theology at Xenia and 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1874, by Wheeling Pres., 
 and, having been appointed to the foreign missionary field, 
 was ordained Jan. 26, '75, by the same, and sailed on the loth 
 of Feb. for Egypt, where he has since labored, mainly in the 
 educational department of the Mission at Asyoot. 
 
 GIFFEN, John Kelly: 
 
 Was born June 3, 1853, at St. Clairsville, O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1879, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 12, 1881, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained June 
 14, '81, by the same, and joined the Egyptian Mission, and is 
 located at Asyoot. 
 
 GILCHRIST, Alexander: 
 
 Was born Mar. 25, 1856, in West Hebron, N. Y. ; was grad- 
 uated at Wooster in 1879, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed June 7, 1881, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained 
 June 13, '82, by First Ohio; pastor at Richmond, Ind., since 
 ordination. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 343 
 
 GILFIIylvAN, Andrew Boyd: 
 
 Was born Feb. 12, 1842, in Upper St. Clair, Allegheny Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1864, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 27,- 1867, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained May 12, '69, by Caledonia; pastor of Cov- 
 ington, Wyoming Co., N. Y., since ordination. 
 GILFILLAN, Robert Addison: 
 
 Was born Jan. 16, 1844, at North Liberty, Mercer Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1874, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed May 8, 1878, by Butler Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 16, '79, by the same; pastor of Mt. Varnum 
 and West Unity, Butler Co., Pa., from ordination to Ap. 4, 
 '82; Calcutta, O., Jan. 26, 1883-Ap. 20, '85; Wooster, O., 
 Sept. 22, 1885-Jan. 19, '86; Turtle Creek, Pa., Dec. 21, 1886. 
 GILKERSON, Thomas (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 18 14 in Caledonia, Vt. ; was graduated at Jef- 
 ferson in 1834, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed July i, 1839, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained in 
 Oct., '40, by Allegheny; was pastor of Conemaugh and War- 
 ren, Armstrong Co., Pa., from ordination until '54, and the 
 latter until his death. He died at Apollo, Feb. 10, 1859, ^^ 
 congestion of the lungs. 
 GILKEY, Seth Wilson: 
 
 Was born Nov. 2, 1850, near Wheeler, Mercer Co., Pa. ; was 
 graduated at Westminster, in 1877, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 30, 1880, by Mercer Pres., and 
 was ordained Dec. 29, '81, by Garnett; pastor of Berea and 
 Greely, Anderson Co., Kans., Dec. 29, i88i-Ap. 8, '85; Prof, 
 in Tarkio College, Mo., since 1885. 
 GILL, Jonathan (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 9, 1777, in Huntingdon Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 18 10, and studied theology in the Ref. 
 Pres. Seminary in Philadelphia; was licensed in 1814 by the 
 Reformed Presbyterian Pres. of Pittsburgh, and ordained in 
 '16 by the same; was pastor at Xenia, O., i8i6-'23;at Thomp- 
 son's Run, Pa., 1823-33; joined the Asso. Ref. Ch. in 1840; 
 was for years a Prof, in the Western University, and also the 
 Principal of an Academy. He died in Ap., 1846, after a short 
 but severe illness. 
 
344 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 GILLESPIE, John (A.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 23, 1823, i^ Banbridge, Ireland; was gradu- 
 ated at Belfast College, and studied theology in the General 
 Assembly's Seminary; was licensed in May, 1848, by the Ban- 
 bridge Pres. ; was received by the Asso. Pres. of Albany June 
 20, 1850, and ordained June 26, '51, by Stamford; pastor of 
 Milton, Halton Co., Ontario, Canada, June 26, 1851-Sept. 11, 
 1883. 
 
 GILLESPIE, Jonathan (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 9, 1830, of Covenanter parentage, on the 
 Walkill, Orange Co., N. Y., but reared within the bounds of 
 the Asso. Ref. congregation of Bloomingburg; was graduated 
 at Union in 1850, and studied theology at Newburgh and at 
 Due West, in S. C. ; was licensed May 19, 1852, by the New 
 York Pres., and ordained Dec. 29, '53, by the same; was pas- 
 tor of Hamptonburg, N. Y., 1853-Feb., '57; accepted Jan. 
 23, '57, a call to Hebron, N. Y., and while making arrange- 
 ments for the removal of his family was taken ill, and died 
 on the 2 2d of Ap. A young man of great excellence and 
 promise. 
 
 GILLESPIE, William John: 
 
 Was born Oct. 3, 1842, in Ballynahinch, county Down, Ire- 
 land; was graduated at Westminster in 1866, and studied the- 
 ology in the Ref, Pres. Seminary, Allegheny, Pa. ; was li- 
 censed in Ap., 1868, by the Ref. Pres. of Allegheny, and or- 
 dained Oct., 17, '69, by the Ref. Pres. of Illinois; installed at 
 Old Bethel in 1869, and Sparta, 111. (U. P.), Nov. 11, 1870- 
 Aug. 14, ^']']\ Charles street, N. Y., Aug. 30, 1877-June 16, 
 '79; Jordan's Grove, 111., Dec. 16, 1879-Dec. 26, '83; Union, 
 111., Jan. 9, 1884-May 8, '86. 
 
 GILMORE, John (A. R.): 
 
 Was bom Nov. 2i, 18 18, in Harrison Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1838, and studied theology at Allegheny 
 and Newburgh; was licensed July 6, 1841, by Steubenville 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 27, '42, by Monongahela; pastor of 
 Tarentum and Harmausville, Pa., Sept., 1842-Dec. i, '56; 
 of Tranquillity, O., May 10, 1857-Feb. 9, '71; Sugar Run and 
 Unionville, O., Ap. 11, 1871-Ap. 15, '74; of Unity and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 345 
 
 Ewart, near Oskaloosa, la., from Mar. 27, 1876; resigned 
 Unity Ap. 10, '82. 
 GIVEN, James (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 2, 1823, ^^ Cullybackey, county Antrim, 
 Ireland; was graduated at Franklin in 1850, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1853, ^7 Mononga- 
 hela Pres., and ordained Sept. 12, '54, by the same; was pas- 
 tor of East and West Union, Allegheny Co., Pa., Sept., 1854 
 -Sept. 22, '57; of Puckety and Logan's Ferry June 21, 1859- 
 Ap. 8, '73; of Richmond, Susquehanna and Oakland, Indiana 
 Co., Pa., Oct. 16, 1876; added Plum Creek, in 1879, and 
 dropped Oakland in 1882. He never missed a recitation dur- 
 ing the four years of his seminary course, and never missed 
 preaching on a single Sabbath, from illness, since his licen- 
 sure, and never took a vacation. Served seven weeks in the 
 militia, time of Lee's invasion, and a short period in the 
 Christian Commission at Louisville, Ky. Publication: A 
 Fast Day Sermon, 1863. 
 
 GLADSTONE, William R.*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 4, 1840, in Andes, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1865, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth and Allegheny; was licensed May 3, 1866, by the 
 Delaware Pres., and ordained Sept. 8, '68, by Argyle; was 
 pastor of E. Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y., Sept., 1868 
 -Jan. 2, ^']']\ died Feb. 13, 1877, of consumption. 
 GLASS, Samuel James: 
 
 Was born at Remington, Allegheny Co., Pa., Feb. 26, 1854; 
 was graduated at the Western University in 1875, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 27, 1877, by Monon- 
 gahela Pres., and ordained June 11, '78, by Butler; pastor of 
 Kittanning, Pa., June 11, 1878-Nov. 21, '84; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. , and is located at Brookville, Pa. 
 
 GLEN, James Wilson (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 28, 1821, in Saratoga Co., N. Y. ; was grad- 
 uated at Oberlin College in 1852, and studied theology at Ox- 
 ford; was licensed x-lp. 11, 1855, by the First Illinois, and 
 ordained Dec. 28, '55, by the same; was pastor of Springfield, 
 Randolph Co., 111., 1855-July 11, '66; of Neshannoc, Wis., 
 22 
 
346 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 1 867-' 69; installed over Marissa and Mud Creek, St. Clair 
 Co., 111., May, 1872; dropped the latter in Jan., '74, and died 
 at Marissa, June 18, 1879, of consumption. 
 GLENN, John D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 24, 1827, i^^ West End, Pittsburgh; was 
 graduated at Duquesne College in 1846, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny and Oxford; was licensed Mar. 28, 1849, ^7 
 First Ohio Pres., and ordained June 15, '50, by Michigan; 
 was pastor of Murray and Warren, Wells Co., Ind., June, 
 1850-Oct., '52; of Salem, Boone Co., Ind., 1854-Oct. 12, 
 '58; of Mifflin, Allegheny Co., Pa., Feb. 25, 1859-Dec. 
 3, '61; chaplain in the army for a short period; pastor of New 
 Brighton, Pa., Ap. 14, 1863-Aug. 6, '67; of Salem, Ind., 
 i870-'74; of Centre and Wurtemburg, Lawrence Co., Pa., 
 Nov. 17, 1874-Ap. 12, '81; died Feb. 4, 1883, at Great Bend, 
 Kan., of paralysis. 
 
 GLOVER, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland, and studied theology at Allegheny 
 and Oxford; was licensed Ap. 6, 1852, by Springfield Pres., 
 and ordained by Second Illinois in the spring of '54; pastor 
 of Peoria, 111., i854-'57; was deposed from the ministry for 
 immorality in 1858; died in July, 1859. 
 
 GOLDEN, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 3, 1823, near Harlem Springs, Carroll Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1846, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1849, by Steuben ville Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 17, '50, by the same; pastor of CarroUton 
 and Conotton, O., June, i85i-'57; Lebanon and Yellow 
 Creek, same Presbytery, 1857 until his death, Sept. 22, 1869. 
 Publication: A Sermon, in Vol. III. of the Pulpit of the 
 Asso. Ref. Church. 
 GOLDEN, William James: 
 
 Was born Jan. 27, 1858, at Gavers, Columbiana Co. , O. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1880, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 18, 1883, by Steubenville Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 13, '85, by Frankfort; S. S. at Los An- 
 geles, Cal., July, i883-'4; pastor of Service, Beaver Co., Pa., 
 Sept., 1885- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 347 
 
 GOODWILUE, David (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 26, 1749, in Tanshall, fifteen miles north of 
 Edinburgh, Scotland; was graduated at the University of 
 Edinburgh, and studied theology with Prof. Moncrieff, of 
 Alloa; was licensed by the Associate Presbytery of Kirkcaldy 
 in Oct., 1778. Under the direction of the Synod he supplied 
 vacant churches in Ireland and the North of England, as 
 well as in Scotland, until in 1787, when he was appointed to 
 go to America. He arrived in New York on the 5th of May, 
 1788, and was received by the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania on 
 the 28th of the same month, and was ordained, sine titiilo^ on 
 the 31st of the following Oct. in Philadelphia. On July 5, 
 '90, he was called to Barnet, in Vermont, and was installed 
 as pastor on the 8th of the following February. He gave 
 one-sixth of his time to the church in Ryegate untill 1822, 
 and continued as pastor in Barnet until his death, Aug. 2, 
 1830. He was the first Presbyterian minister settled in Ver- 
 mont, and remained for nine years as the only settled minister 
 of any denomination in the county of Caledonia. He served 
 his people amidst the privations of pioneer life in various 
 ways. In 1805 he represented his town in the Legislature of 
 the State. In 1807 he was chosen Town Clerk and Town 
 Treasurer, and was reelected every year until 1827, when he 
 declined. In 1808 he was appointed the first postmaster in 
 Barnet, and held the office for ten years. Having studied 
 medicine in Scotland, he was for a number of years the only 
 physician in the community. 
 
 GOODWILLIE, David, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Son of David Goodwillie; was born in Barnet, Vt., Aug. 
 28, 1802; was graduated at Dartmouth, N. H., in 1820; stud- 
 ied theology under Dr. Banks in Philadelphia; was licensed 
 Sept. 23, 1823, ^y Cambridge Pres., and ordained and installed 
 Ap. 26, 1826, by the Asso. Pres, of Ohio, as pastor of the 
 congregations of Poland, Liberty and Deer Creek, in Eastern 
 Ohio, the families of which were scattered over fourteen town- 
 ships. Feb. 26, 1833, he resigned the charge of Deer Creek, 
 and Ap. 12, '59, that of Poland, and on the 9th of Aug. 1875, 
 that of Liberty. 
 
348 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 GOOD WILLIE, David Henderson (A.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. Dr. David Goodwillie; was bom Oct. 25, 
 1828, in New Bedford, Pa. ; was graduated in 1850 at Jeffer- 
 son, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Sept. 
 25, 1853, by the Pres. of Shenango, and ordained Sept. 27, 
 '55, by Stamford; was pastor of Stamford, in Canada West, 
 Sept., 1855-May, '61; Commerce, Mich., June 18, 1861-July 
 12, '82; Fort Gratiot, S. S. and P., 1882; was Professor of 
 Natural Sciences in Westminster College in i853-'4. Publi- 
 cations: God's Hand in the War, a Pamphlet, 1865; Counsels 
 to Youth, a Tract, 18 pages, 1880. 
 
 GOODWILLIE, Thomas, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Son of David Goodwillie; was born in Barnet, Vt, Sept. 
 
 27, 1800; was graduated at Dartmouth, N. H., in 1820; 
 studied theology with Dr. Banks, and was licensed Sept. 23, 
 1823, by Cambridge Pres. ; was ordained and installed Sept. 
 
 28, '26, by the same as assistant and successor of his father in 
 Barnet, where he remained until his death, Feb. 11, 1867. 
 In 1827 th^ Legislature of Vermont invited him to open its 
 session with a sermon, which he did, and the Legislature gave 
 him a unanimous vote of thanks, published the sermon, which 
 was a faithful exhibition of the Legislature's moral responsi- 
 bilities and duties, and elected him chaplain for the session. 
 Publications: Historical Sketches of Caledonia County, Ver- 
 mont, and of the Town of Barnet; Biography of Governor 
 Mattocks, of Vermont; Biographical Sketch of his father, in 
 Sprague's Annals. 
 
 GORDON, Albert: 
 
 Was born Mar. 5, 1858, near Hanover, Ind. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1880, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 18, 1883, by Indiana Pres., and was ordained 
 Oct. 21, '84, by Des Moines; pastor at Chariton {}4) Oct., 
 1 884- and Lacona (}^), Ap. 21, 1885- 
 
 GORDON, Alexander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1789, in Montrose, Scotland; was graduated at 
 the University of Edinburgh, and studied theology with Pro- 
 fessor Paxton; was licensed June 25, 181 7, and four weeks 
 afterward sailed for America in company with the Rev. Peter 
 
THE MINISTRY. 349 
 
 Bullions. He united with the Asso. Pres. of Philadelphia in 
 Oct. of the same year, and was ordained by this Pres., Aug. 
 20, 'i8; pastor at Guinston, York Co., Pa., Aug. 20, 1818- 
 Oct. 20, '25; pastor of Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y., July 
 2, 1828-Aug. 3, '42, and of Johnstown, Fulton Co., N. Y., 
 July, 1844, till his death, which occurred suddenly from an 
 attack of cholera morbus, Aug. 20, 1845. Publications: Nu- 
 merous and elaborate essays published in the Religious Mon- 
 itor. 
 GORDON, Andrew, D. D. (A)*: 
 
 Son of Alexander; was born Sept. 17, 1828, in Putnam, 
 Washington Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1850; 
 studied theology at Canonsburg, and was licensed Nov. 2, 
 1853, by tl^^ Asso. Pres. of Albany; was appointed by Synod 
 to go as misionary to Sialkot, in North India, in view of 
 which he was ordained Aug. 29, 1854, by the Pres. of Albany, 
 and sailed in Sept. He came home in 1865 greatly debilitated 
 and remained so for years, but having gained strength to war- 
 rant active labors he returned in 1875 to Northern India and 
 was located at Gurdaspur; returned home on a visit. Died 
 Aug. 13, 1887. He was preparing a version of the Psalms in 
 the Urdoo language. Publication: Our India Mission, 8vo, 
 pp. 516, 1886. 
 GORDON, David (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1804, in Montrose, Scotland, and came to this 
 country with his elder brother, Alexander, in 1817; studied 
 theology with the Rev. Alex. Bullions, D. D., and was li- 
 censed in June, 1830, by the Cambridge Pres. ; was ordained 
 May 2, '32, by the same, and installed as pastor in East 
 Salem, Washington Co., N. Y. ; was chosen in 1843 by the 
 Asso. Synod as a missionary to the Island of Trinidad; re- 
 signed his charge June 20, 1843, ^^*^ sailed soon afterward for 
 Trinidad, where he died Dec. 24, 1844. 
 GORDON, David M. (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Alex. ; was born Dec. 29, 1832, in Putnam, 
 Washington Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1859, and 
 studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Dec. 31, 1 861, by the 
 Pres. of Xenia, and ordained Nov. 11, '64, by Philadelphia; 
 pastor of the Fourth Ch., Philadelphia, Nov. 11, i864-'67; of 
 
350 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Cedar Rapids, la., Ap., i868-summer of '74; of Unionville 
 and Sugar Run, O., Jan., 1875-Ap., '78, and S. S. at Evans, 
 Colorado, from May, 1878, and died Aug. 23, 1880, from con- 
 sumption. 
 GORDON, Henry (A.): 
 
 Was born in the county of Meath, in Ireland, Jan. i, 1826; 
 was educated classically in his native country, and studied 
 theology in the Ref. Pres. Seminary in Philadelphia; was li- 
 censed in Ap., 1848, by the Northern Pres. of the Ref Pres. 
 Ch., and was ordained in July, '48, by the same; spent two 
 years as a missionary in Nova Scotia; was pastor of the Ref. 
 Pres. congregation at Flackville, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 
 i850-'57; and of the Asso. congregation at Coila, Washing- 
 ton Co., N. Y., since Sept. i, 1857; was for a time chaplain 
 of the 123d New York regiment. Publications: Several Ad- 
 dresses to Young Men. 
 GORDON, John Alexander, D. D. : 
 
 Was born in Henderson Co., Ills.; was graduated at Mon- 
 mouth in 1868, and was for several years Prof of English Lit- 
 erature in his alma mater; studied theology privately; was 
 licensed Feb. 7, 1876, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained Nov. 
 24, '76, by Monongahela; pastor of the Ninth Ch., Pittsburgh, 
 Nov., 1876-Mar. 29, '81; Princeton, Ind., June 12, 1883- 
 
 GORDON, John McDaniel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 8, 1813, near Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1837; studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Oxford; was licensed Ap. 22, 1840, by the Pres. of Springfield, 
 and ordained Sept., 8, 1841 by the same; was pastor of 
 Piqua, O., Sept., i84i-'5o; labored for several years as a 
 missionary in the west; organized a congregation at Berlin, 
 Sangamon Co., 111., and was its pastor Oct., 1854-60; was 
 financial agent of Monmouth College for a year; was pastor of 
 Harmony, Peoria Co., 111., June, 1862-69; was S. S. and 
 afterward pastor of Fairfax, la.. Mar., 1869, until his death, 
 which occurred Sept. 28, 187 1, from paralysis. Publication: 
 A Sermon, in Vol. V. of the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Ch. 
 GORDON, Peter (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1801 in Glasgow, Scotland, and was graduated 
 
THE MINISTRY. 351 
 
 at the University of that city, and studied theology there for 
 two years; came to this country in 1827, ^^^^ finished his the- 
 olosfical course with Dr. Alex. Bullions and under the care of 
 the Asso. Pres. of Cambridge. He changed his ecclesiastical 
 connection and was licensed July 9, 1829, by the Asso. Ref. 
 Pres. of Washington, N. Y,, and was ordained, sine titulo^ by 
 the same, on the 29th of the following October. For three 
 years he performed missionary work in Northern New York 
 and Canada; became S. S. of West Cambridge, Washington 
 Co., in 1832, and when that young enterprise returned to the 
 mother Ch. in Cambridge in 1835 he became pastor of the 
 consolidated congregation, and so remained till 1840; was pas- 
 tor of Jane St. Ch., New York city, i84o-'46; of Thompson- 
 ville. Conn., Ap. 2, 1847-52; was S. S. of Lowell, Mass., for 
 a year, and then sailed to Australia, where he spent three or 
 four years in very active and self-sacrificing ministerial work. 
 After his return he supplied two or three congregations for a 
 short time, and died at West Cambridge, N. Y., Sept. 15, 
 1865, from a tumor. Publications: A Sermon, in Vol. V. of 
 the Pulpit of the Asso. Ref. Ch. ; numerous letters in the 
 Christian Instructor. 
 
 GORDON, William Wilbrrforce: 
 
 Was born July 22, 1853, at Fair Haven, Preble Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1876, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 2, 1879, by First Ohio, and ordained 
 Sept. 10, '80, by Le Claire; was S. S. at Andrew and Bethel, 
 Jackson Co., la., July, 1879-Sept. '80, and installed as pas- 
 tor Sept. 15, 1880, and resigned Ap. 10, '85; Fresno, Cal., 
 since Feb. 21, 1887. 
 GOWDY, George W. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 23, 1823, ^-t Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1841; studied theology at Oxford, O., 
 and two annual sessions at Edinburgh, Scotland; was licensed 
 1848 by the Pres. of Springfield, and ordained in the summer 
 of '50 by the same; was pastor of Vernon, Wis., i850-'4; S. 
 S. at Columbus, O., 1856-8; was several years co-editor of 
 the Presbyterian Witness in Cincinnati; was pastor of Fair- 
 view, Guernsey Co., O., Ap. 22, 1863-7; was Principal of 
 the Academy at McKeesport, Pa., and died Sept. 21, 1869. 
 
352 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 GOWDY, James Brown: 
 
 Son of the Rev. George W. Gowdy, and grandson of the 
 Rev. Dr. John Graham; was born Ap. 24, 1853, ^^ West Union, 
 Adams Co., O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1876, and 
 studied theology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 2, 1879, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained June 15, '80, by 
 Des Moines; pastor at North English, la., June, 1880-May, 
 '81; S. S. Mount Joy and Scioto, O., i882-'86; Oak Grove, 
 111., Sept. 15, 1886- 
 
 GRACEY, Robert, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 10, 1811, near Newville, Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1835, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 27, 1836, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Aug. 3, '37, by Big Spring; was installed at the same 
 time pastor of Chambersburg and Concord, Franklin Co., 
 Pa. ; was released from Concord Oct. 18, '43, and installed for 
 half-time Oct. 30, '44, at Gettysburg; resigned Gettysburg 
 Oct. 10, '49, and Chambersburg Oct. 20, '52; pastor of the 
 Fourth A. R. Ch., Pittsburgh, 1852-Dec. 31, '67; was en- 
 dowment agent of the Allegheny Seminary, and died July 10, 
 187 1, from general nervous debility. 
 
 GRAHAM, Andrew Jackson: 
 
 Was born Oct. 5, 1833, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1864, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth and Allegheny; was licensed in Ap. , 1866, by 
 Monmouth Pres., and ordained June 15, '70, by Des Moines; 
 was pastor of St. Charles, Madison Co., la., June, 1870-Oct., 
 '72, and since Jan., 1873, has been editor of a paper in Indi- 
 anola, Warren Co., Iowa. 
 
 GRAHAM, Edwin Brown: 
 
 Was born Jan, 25, 1851, at Oquawka, 111.; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1874, and studied theology at Xenia; was li- 
 censed Ap. 13, 1876, by Keokuk Pres., and ordained Sept. 6, 
 '76, by the same; was pastor of Birmingham, la., Sept., 1876- 
 Ap. 5, '80; Omaha, Neb., since May 13, 1880. Publica- 
 tions: The Conscious Existence of the Soul After Death, pp. 
 48, 1879; In the Coils, i2mo., pp. 352, 1882. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 353 
 
 GRAHAM, Henry (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received from the Pres. of Root, Ireland, Aug. i, 
 1821, by the Pres. of Monongahela. * * * 
 GRAHAM, Henry Quigley (A. R.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. Dr. John; was born in Washington Co., 
 Pa., July 20, 1824; was graduated at Washington in 1849, 
 and studied theology at Oxford; was licensed Ap. 14, 1852, 
 by the Pres. of Chillicothe, and ordained, sine titiilo^ Sept. 
 20, '54, by the same; served as a home missionary in Mil- 
 waukee, July, 1853-July, '55; was pastor of Bethel, Indiana 
 Co., and Fairfield, Westmoreland Co., Pa., Sept. 20, 1856- 
 Dec. 10, ''^'iy\ Homer City and Crete, same county, since Dec. 
 9, 1874. 
 
 GRAHAM, James Douglass: 
 
 Was born Ap. 18, 1848, in Bovina, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1872, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 9, 1874, by First New York, 
 and ordained Mar. 22, '76, by Garnett; pastor at Chetopah, 
 Labette Co., Kan., Mar. 22, 1876-Jan. 19, '86; now Synodic 
 Missionary. 
 GRAHAM, John, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 17, 1789, in Dauphin Co., Pa.; was educated 
 in the Philadelphia Academy under Drs. Wylie and Gray; 
 studied theology in the Seminary in New York; was licensed 
 in the spring of 1819 by Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 Aug. 30, '20, by the same; was pastor of Cross Roads and 
 Washington, Washington Co., Pa., Aug. 30, 1820-Oct. 8, 
 '29; of Sycamore and Hopkinsville, Warren Co., O., May, 
 i830-'34; of Greenfield and Fall Creek, O., i834-'9; of West 
 Union and West Fork, Adams Co., 1841, until his death, 
 July 14, 1849. H^ was Prof, of Languages in Washington 
 College, Pa., 1823-8, and Principal of the Academy in Chil- 
 licothe 1839-40. Publications: A Sermon, in Vol. II of the 
 Pulpit of the Associate Reformed Church. 
 GRAHAM, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1794 in Montrose, in Scotland, and when fif- 
 teen years old had his hip joint dislocated, which lamed him 
 for life, and turned his thoughts from being a sailor, and ulti- 
 
354 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 mately brought him under the Seceder influences which 
 moulded his life. He became a tailor and settled in Edin- 
 burgh in the employment of an elder in Dr. Jamieson's 
 church (Seceder). He became anxious to study for the min- 
 istry, but his relatives, some of whom were wealthy, belonged 
 to the Kirk, and would give no assistance. By working at 
 his trade and teaching school he procured the means, and 
 was graduated at the University of Edinburgh, and studied 
 theology with Professor Paxton, who declined going into the 
 union of 1820. He was one of the six students that composed 
 Professor Paxton's first class in his newly organized hall; was 
 licensed by the original Seceders at Kilwinning in 1829 ^7 
 the Pres. of Ayr; sailed for the U. S. in Sept., 1831; united 
 with the Pres. of Albany, and was ordained by the same in 
 Oct., '32; was pastor of Bovina, Delaware Co., N. Y., Oct., 
 1832-Sept., '53; in 1856 he went to Iowa for the benefit of 
 his health, and purchased a farm near Winterset, in Madison 
 Co., where he died Ap. 22, 1870. Publications: An Autobi- 
 ography and Sermons, pp. 206, 1870; and a large number of 
 articles in the Evangelical Repository^ mainly condensed ser- 
 mons over the signature, ' ' Delaware. ' ' 
 GRAHAM, John French*: 
 
 Was born July 8, 1835, in Washington Co., Pa., and when 
 seven years old removed with his parents to Warren Co., 111. ; 
 was graduated at Washington, la., in i860, and studied the- 
 ology one year at Xenia and two at Monmouth ; was licensed 
 Ap. 3, 1862, by the Pres. of Monmouth, and ordained Sept. 
 30, '63, by the same; was pastor of Fairfield, Marshall Co., 111., 
 Sept. 1863-June, '65; supplied in vacancies as his feeble health 
 would allow for five years; was pastor of Kingsville, Mo., 
 Sept. 30, 1870-Oct., '73; was laid aside for three years by ill 
 health; moved to Denver, Col., in 1876, for sake of the clim- 
 ate, and was soon after elected chaplain of the House of Rep- 
 resentatives in the State Eegislature. Died Nov. 8, 1880, of 
 consumption. 
 GRAHAM, John McKee (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 28, 1816, in Todd Co., Ky. ; was graduated 
 at Miami in 1838, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Oxford; was licensed Ap. 15, 1841, by First Ohio, and ordained 
 
THE MINISTRY. 355 
 
 by the same June 22, '42; was pastor of Mt. Pleasant, O., 
 Ap., 1842-Jnne, '47; of Broadalbin, N. Y., Jan., 1848-Dec., 
 '57; of Elmira, 111., Dec, 1857-Nov., '65; treasurer and finan- 
 cial agent of Monmouth College Nov., i865-'7; pastor of Har- 
 rison, la., 1876-9; resides at Pasadena, Cal., without charge. 
 
 GRAHAM, Russell: 
 
 Was born Feb. 24, 1847, ^^ Reynoldsburg, Franklin Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1870, and studied the- 
 ology at Monmouth and Xenia; was licensed in the spring of 
 1872 by the Pres. of Chicago, and ordained Ap. 29, ''J2>i ^y 
 Monmouth; pastor at Biggsville, 111., Ap. 29, '73-' 86; Prof, 
 in Monmouth College since 1886. Publication: Sabbath 
 School Notes, Ap.-Oct., 1879. 
 
 GRAHAM, Samuel H. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 25, 1834, at Reynoldsburgh, Franklin Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Westminster, in 1858, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 11, '60, by Sidney Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 12, '62, by Frankfort; was pastor at Bur- 
 gettstown, Washington Co., Pa., Aug., 1862-June 6, '71; 
 Seventh Avenue, New York city, Sept. 20, 1871-Oct. 27, '74, 
 and at Bellevue, Allegheny Co., Pa., since Dec. 22, 1874. 
 
 GRAHAM, William James: 
 
 Was born Sept. 17, 1854, at Wattsville, Carroll Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1880, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 18, 1883, by Steubenville Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 15, '83, by College Springs; pastor of Rock 
 Valley, la., Oct. '83-Dec. i, '84; Salineville, O., Dec. 17, 
 '84-Sept.,'86. 
 
 GRAHAM, William Mills (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 5, 1814, in Todd Co., Ky. ; was graduated 
 at Miami in 1838, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Oxford; was licensed Ap. 15, 1841, by First Ohio, and or- 
 dained in the summer of '44 by Illinois; was pastor of Union 
 and Sparta, Randolph Co., 111., summer of 1844-Sept., '47; 
 Virginia Grove and Harrison, Louisa Co., la., July, 1850- 
 '60; of Spring Grove, Warren Co., 111., i860-' 63; died Dec. 
 5, 1863. 
 
356 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 GRAHAM, William McCreary*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 20, 1834, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Madison College in 1858, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1861, by Conemaugh 
 Pres., and ordained June 13, '67, by Delaware; was pastor at 
 E. Springfield, Otsego Co., N. Y., i867-'8; was S. S. at 
 Cass Centre, la., for a number of years; joined the Presbyte- 
 rian Ch., and died at Atlantic, la., Sept. 21, 1886. 
 
 GRAY, James, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 25, 1770, in Corvoam, Monoghan Co., Ire- 
 land; was graduated at the University of Glasgow in 1793, and 
 studied theology with Dr. John Rogers, of Ballybay, Ireland; 
 was licensed by the Burgher Pres. of Monoghan in 1796, and 
 sailed for the U. S. in May, 1797; joined the Pres. of Wash- 
 ington Sept. 20, and was by it ordained and installed at Heb- 
 ron, Washington Co., N. Y., on the 13th of Nov., '97; resigned 
 Oct. 26, 1803, and was pastor of Spruce St., Philadelphia, for 
 ten or twelve years. During the greater part of this time he and 
 Dr. S. B. Wylie conducted a classical academy of great celeb- 
 rity. He then moved to Baltimore and opened a select 
 school for six or eight years, and in the spring of 1823 retired 
 to Gettysburg, Pa., to make his home with his step-son, the 
 Rev. C. G. McLean, where he died Sept. 20, 1824. A 
 scholar of remarkable attainments. Publications: Present 
 Duty, a Sermon; The Priesthoods of Melchisedec, Aaron and 
 the Lord Jesus Christ, i2mo. ; The Fiend of the Reformation 
 Detected; Concio ad Clerum; The Meditorial Reign of the 
 Son of God, 8vo. ; The Theological Review^ one year. 
 
 GRAY, John Alexander: 
 
 Was born June 6, 1848, in Belmont Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1873, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed by Muskingum Pres., Ap. 16, 1879, and ordained, 
 sine titulo^ Aug. 16, '81, by the same; was Prof, of Mathe- 
 matics in Central College, Ohio, 1874-5, and has been Prof, 
 of Mathematics in Muskingum College since 1876. 
 
 GRAY, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1823 in Hamilton, O. ; was graduated at Union 
 in 1849, ^^^ studied theology at Oxford; was licensed in Ap., 
 
THE MINISTRY. 357 
 
 1855, by Indiana Pres, and ordained in Ang., '56, by the 
 same; pastor at Eden, Ind., May, 1856-Ap., '62; atSummer- 
 ville, Ind., Ap., i862-'65; S. S. at Boonville and Buffalo, 
 i866-'8; infirm for a period; pastor of Murray and connec- 
 tions, Ind., Ap. 9, 1873-9; Lone Grove, Neb., Jan. 24, 1882- 
 '6; joined the Presbyterian Ch. in 1886, and died Feb. 17, 
 1887. 
 
 GREEN, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Jan., 1798, in county Derry, Ireland; was 
 graduated at Glasgow University, and studied theology with 
 Dr. Dick in Glasgow; was licensed by a United Secession 
 Presbytery in Ireland, and ordained by the same; came to the 
 U. S. in 1834, and joined the Pres. of Monongahela, and be- 
 gan supplying in Bear Creek, Lawrenceburg and Unity, in 
 Butler Co., Pa., in 1835, and was installed as pastor Oct. 4, 
 1837, in the Unity branch. Resigned in 1846, and moved in 
 1855 to Montezuma, Poweshiek Co., la.; joined the Presby- 
 terian Ch. in 1856, and after having become very infirm died 
 Sept. 4, 1863. 
 
 GREER, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born July 29, 1822, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at the Western University in 1844, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed June 30, 1847, ^y Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained by the same Ap. 13, '52; was pastor of 
 Mt. Nebo and Rehoboth, in Allegheny Co., 1852-5; and died 
 Ap. 4, 1855. 
 
 GREER, Joseph Collins (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 13, 1827, ^lear Murraysville, in Westmore- 
 land Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1852, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny and Oxford; was licensed May 29, 1855, 
 by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained Aug. 19, '57, by the 
 same; pastor of Mechanicsburg and Centre 1857-Ap. 11, '65; 
 S. S. at Susquehanna and Lumber City, Pa., i865-'73; Pas- 
 tor of Lumber City 1873-Feb. 7, '79; was Capt. of Company 
 "H," 206th Pennsylvania Volunteers, until the close of the 
 civil war; was Principal of the Lumber City Academy 1873- 
 '79. 
 
358 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 GRIER, Isaac, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1776 in Greene Co., Georgia; was graduated 
 at Dickinson in 1800, and studied theology with Rev. Alex- 
 ander Porter, then at Cedar Spring, S. C. ; was licensed Sept. 
 2, 1802, by the Second Pres. of the Carolinas, and ordained 
 in 1804 by the First Pres. of the Carolinas; was installed at 
 his ordination in the charge of Sardis, Providence and Wax- 
 haw, in North Carolina; in 1808 he demitted Waxhaw and 
 assumed Steele Creek; in 1815 he resigned Providence, and 
 in 1842 his entire charge, because of the infirmities of age. 
 He died Sept. 2, 1843. ^^ "^^^ particularly successful in in- 
 fluencing the young men of his charge to study for the min- 
 istry. Nearly two-thirds of his Presbytery consisted of min- 
 isters who had been born and reared within the limits of his 
 pastoral charge. He interested himself very much in the 
 religious instruction of the colored people, and catechised 
 them every Sabbath during the intermission between services, 
 and during the summer season preached a sermon for their 
 special benefit, and a large proportion of his communicants 
 were colored. 
 GRIER, James, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. i, 1813, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1835, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 11, 1838, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Aug. 29, '39, by the same; was pastor of Robinson 
 Run, Allegheny Co., Aug., 1839-Mar. 26, '78; died Nov. 11, 
 1886. Publications: A Prospect for the Unconverted, a Ser- 
 mon, Pulpit Asso. Ref Church, Vol. I. ; The Death of the 
 Righteous, a Sermon in the same. Vol. IV. ; Temperance, a 
 Lecture; Are All Infants Saved? a Sermon. 
 
 GRIER, James Alexander, D. D. : 
 
 Was born May 8, 1846, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 educated at Monmouth, and studied theology at Newburgh; 
 was licensed in Ap., 1873, by the First Pres. of New York, 
 and ordained June 23, '74, by Chartiers; pastor of Cross 
 Roads, Washington Co., June 23, 1874-May 22, '83; Second 
 Mercer, Pa., Aug. 21, 1883; also Prof, in the Theo. Sem., 
 Allegheny, since 1886. Publications: Secret Societies, i2mo., 
 68 pp., 1878; Sabbath School Notes, and numerous articles 
 for the periodical press. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 359 
 
 GRIMES, William, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 26, 1821, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1850, and studied tlieolog>- at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed June 20, 1854, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 ordained Aug. 18, '58, by Muskingum; was installed at ordi- 
 nation over Belmont, High Ridge and McMahan's Creek, 
 Belmont Co., O. ; was released from the last in Mar. 1862, 
 and from High Ridge in June, 1871, and still retains Belmont. 
 
 GROVE, John Lemmon: 
 
 Was born Oct. 20, 1841, at Muddy Creek Forks, York Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1869, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 26, 1871, by Big Spring 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 23, '72, by Butler; pastor of Worth- 
 ington and Rich Hill, Armstrong Co. , Pa. , from ordination 
 till Nov., '84; Cove, Fulton Co., Pa., May, 1885- 
 
 GUTHRIE, Thomas C, D. D.*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 7, 1796, in county Antrim, Ireland; was 
 graduated at the Western University in 1823, ^^^ studied 
 theology under Dr. Wylie in Philadelphia; was licensed in 
 1825 by the Pittsburgh Presbytery of the Ref. Pres. Ch., and 
 ordained Ap. 26, '26, by the same; was pastor of Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, Butler Co., Pa., i826-'65. In Oct., 1859, he and his 
 congregation joined the U. P. Presbytery of Allegheny. He 
 retired to Sparta, 111., in 1874, and died there Mar. 22, 1876. 
 
 HADDEN, John*: 
 
 Was born May 8, 1838, near Norwich, Muskingum Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1862; studied theology 
 at Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 20, 1864, by Mus- 
 kingum Pres., and ordained June 21, '66, by Des Moines; pas- 
 tor of Albia, Monroe Co., la., from ordination until death, 
 and for a part of that time of Service also. He died Aug. 25, 
 1872, at Albia. 
 HAFT, Stephen L. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1807 near Canonsburg, Pa.; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1828, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 23, 1835, by Second Ohio Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 18, '37, by the same; was pastor of Sharon and Wolf 
 Creek, and Sunday Creek, Noble and Morgan counties, O., 
 
360 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Ap., 1837-Mar. 30, '44, and died Mar. 7, 1847. Publication: 
 A Sermon in Vol. III. of the A. R. Pulpit. 
 HAGERTY, Andrew Neely: 
 
 Was born Mar. 27, 1852, at Mt. Hope, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Lafayette in 188 1, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1884, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Jan. 14, '85, by Garnett; pastor at Olathe, Kan. , 
 from ordination until July 19, 1887. 
 
 HAGERTY, James A. (A. R.) *: 
 
 Was born Nov. 15, 1822, near Independence, Washington 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Madison College, Antrim, O., in 
 1854, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 14, 1857, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Dec. 21, '58, 
 by Allegheny ; was pastor of Hanover, Beaver Co. , Pa. , from 
 ordination until his death. He died July 20, 1861, from con- 
 sumption. 
 
 HALL, George Maxwell (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 26, 1807, in Hebron, Washington Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1831, and studied theology at 
 Cononsburg; was licensed July 8, 1835, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Sept., 16, '36, by Miami; was pastor of Madison 
 and Big Creek, Ind., Sept., 1836-June 26, '39; Sugar Creek, 
 Greene Co., O., Oct. 25, 1839-June 25, '45. Mr. Hall and 
 his people sympathized with Dr. Heron in his troubles with 
 the Synod, and in 1843 declined the authority of Synod, and 
 with Dr. Heron constituted the Free Associate Presbytery of 
 Miami. A year afterward he submitted and returned to the 
 Synod, and thus dissolved that Presbytery. He was pastor of 
 Florida, Montgomery Co., N. Y., Sept. 5, 1849-Ap., '62; of 
 the Second Ch., Boston, Mass., Ap. 17, i865-'68; Thomp- 
 sonville. Conn., 1868-June 30, '71. His health having be- 
 come infirm, he retired to Cambridge, N. Y., where he died 
 Dec. 27, 1874. 
 HALLEY, Ebenezer, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1801 in Scotland; was graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Edinburgh in 182 1, and studied theology in the 
 United Secession Hall under Dr. John Dick; was licensed 
 Ap. 5, 1825, ^^^ soon afterward ordained; was pastor in the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 361 
 
 city of St. Andrews 1825-8; in the city of Leitli i828-'38; 
 came to the U. S., joined the Asso. Ref, Synod of New York, 
 and was pastor of the church in Salem, Washington Co. , N. 
 Y., Sept. 3, 1838-May 30, '48; united with the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and was pastor of the Second Street Ch., in Troy, N. Y., 
 i848-'55; of the Third Ch., Albany, N. Y., i855-'75, when 
 he was retired on a pension; was chaplain to the State Sen- 
 ate, i873-'8i; died Oct. 31, 1881. 
 
 HAMILL, Robert Anderson*: 
 
 Was born May 11, 1841, in Marysville, Tenn., and was 
 educated at Washington College, la. ; entered the army in 
 1 86 1, and served through the civil war, and was badly dis- 
 abled; was licensed in 1875 in the Cumberland Presbyterian 
 Ch., and was received in Sept., 1878, by the Concordia Pres. 
 as a licentiate; attended Xenia Seminary one session, and 
 was ordained June 22, '81, by Concordia; pastor of Amity, 
 Kan., from ordination until Oct. 11, '82, and died Aug. 31, 
 1884. 
 
 HAMILTON, George Winfield: 
 
 Was born in New Wilmington, Pa. ; was graduated at Mon- 
 mouth in 1872, and studied theology at Xenia and one year 
 at the Pres. Sem. at Chicago; was licensed June 8, 1875, by 
 Le Claire Pres., and ordained Mar. 27, ''']']^ by the same; pas- 
 tor of Elvira, la.. Mar., 1877-Sept. 15, '80; of Little York, 
 111., Oct. 27, 1880-Dec. 22, '85, S. S. Sterling, Dak., 1886- 
 
 HAMILTON, John McLean: 
 
 Was born June 5, 1852, in Fairview, Guernsey Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1876, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 10, 1878, by Des Moines Pres., and 
 ordained May 14, '79, by Cedar Rapids, and installed at 
 Amity, Grundy Co., la. 
 
 HAMILTON, Robert Calvin, M. D. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 9, 1847, at Morning Sun, O. ; was gradu- 
 at Westminster in 1871, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed in Ap., 1873, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained Dec. 
 14, '^']']^ by Southern Illinois; pastor of Jordan's Grove, 111., 
 Dec, 1877-Ap. I, 1879; resides at Lebanon, Mo. 
 
 23 
 
362 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 HAMILTON, Thomas (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1776 near Washington, Pa.; was educated at 
 the Canonsburg Grammar School and Dickinson College, and 
 studied theology with Dr. John Anderson, at Service; was li- 
 censed May I, 1800, by the Asso. Pres. of Penn., and ordained 
 June 10, 1802, by the same; was pastor in New York city 
 from his ordination until his death. He died Aug. 23, 1818. 
 Publications: A Sermon appended to Mr. Miller's sketch of 
 his life; another Sermon in Vol. XV of the Religious Moni- 
 tor. 
 
 HAMMOND, James C. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 14, 1845, ^^ Philadelphia, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1875, by Allegheny Pres., and 
 ordained June 27, '76, by Delaware; pastor of Meredith, Del- 
 aware Co., N. Y., June 27, 1876-Aug. 28,' 83; Howard, 
 N. Y., May 6, 1884-May 15, '87. Served in the Illinois vol- 
 unteers during the civil war Oct. 1863-Sept., '65. 
 
 HAMMOND, Robert Johnston (A.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 21, 1820, near New Athens, O., was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1838, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed in June, 1842, by Muskingum Pres., and was or- 
 dained Nov. 9, '43, by Albany; pastor at Albany, N. Y., 
 1843-July, '44; Burgettstown, Washington Co., Pa., 1846- 
 '56; residing without a charge at Americus, Lyon Co., Kan. 
 
 HAMMOND, Robert N. : 
 
 Was born Sept. 2, 1852, in Aughnacloy, county Tyrone, 
 Ireland; was graduated at Westminster in 1874, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 26, 1876, by Xenia Pres., 
 and ordained Feb. 19, '79, by Vermont; was pastor at Barnet 
 Centre from ordination until Sept. 5, '82; Thompson ville, 
 Conn., Sept. i, 1885- 
 HANEY, William H. : 
 
 Was bom Mar. 12, 1840, at Norwich, Muskingum Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Muskingum in 1863, ^^^ studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1864, by Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained June 8, '65, by Xenia; was pastor of 
 Cedarville, O., 1865-Oct., '72, of Beulah and Mumford, N. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 363 
 
 Y., June 18, 1873-Oct. 15, '83; East Greenwich, N. Y., June 
 10, 1884-Aug. 21, '87. 
 
 HANNA, Albert J. : 
 
 Was bom June i8, 1859, at New Athens, O. ; was graduated 
 in 1879 at Franklin, and studied theology at Princeton and 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1882, by Wheeling Pres., and 
 ordained Nov. 21, '82, by Wheeling; pastor at Buchanan Hill, 
 Marshall Co., W. Va., Nov., 1882-June i, '84; of Sterling, 
 Kan., May i, 1886- 
 
 HANNA, John H. : 
 
 Was received in 1878 by the Stamford Pres. from the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. of Canada, and has spent most of his time in 
 Kansas, and went to Europe in 1886- 
 HANNA, Thomas, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 4, 1799, at North Buffalo, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1818, and studied theology 
 with Dr. Anderson at Service; was licensed Aug. 16, 1820, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Dec. 10, '21, by the same; 
 installed at ordination over Cadiz, Piney Fork and Willis' 
 Creek, O. ; in a few years demitted the last; in Nov., '35, gave 
 up Piney Fork, and finally Cadiz in Ap., '49; was pastor of 
 Washington, Pa., May, 1851-summer of '62; was Stated 
 Clerk of the Asso. Synod 1842-58. His health failed very 
 much during the last two years of his life, but his death took 
 place from paralysis Feb. 9, 1864. 
 HANNA, Thomas Beveridge (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Dr. Thomas; was born Mar. 27, 1828, near 
 Cadiz, O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1844, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1848, by Mus- 
 kingum Pres., and ordained Dec. 13, '49, by Chartiers; was 
 pastor of Clinton, Allegheny Co., Pa., from his ordination 
 until his death. He died Feb. 5, 1852, from inflammation 
 of the bowels, which was the result of a severe attack of 
 bilious colic. Publications: After his death a volume of four- 
 teen sermons was published. 
 HANNA, Thomas Henderson, D. D. : 
 
 Was born May 5, 1837, in Washington Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1856, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 
364 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 was licensed Ap. 17, i860, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 Feb. 18, '62, by Philadelphia; was pastor of the Fifth Ch., 
 Philadelphia, Feb., 1862-67; of the Second Ch., Pittsburgh, 
 Oct., 1867-Oct., '75; First Ch., Xenia, O., Oct., 1875-Aug., 
 '80; First Ch., Monmouth, 111., since Nov. i, 1880. Dele- 
 gate to Presbyterian Council of 1884. 
 HANNAY, Thomas, D. D.*: 
 
 Was born in 1806 in Scotland, and educated there, and or- 
 dained in 1842 by the New York Pres. of the Ref. Pres. Ch. ; 
 was pastor of the Conecocheague congregation, (Covenanter,) 
 Franklin Co., Pa., 1842-4. After other labors in the mother 
 church he joined the Stamford Pres. of the United Presbyte- 
 rian Ch. in 1872, and remained without charge at Williams- 
 ford, Ontario, Canada, until his death, June 7, 1881. 
 HANNON, John Ewing (A. R.)*: 
 
 (Sometimes spelled Heanon); was born Feb. 4, 1800, near 
 Newville, Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1829; studied 
 theology two years with Mungo Dick, one year with Dr. 
 Pressly and one year with Dr. Chalmers in Edinburgh ; was 
 licensed Ap. 25, 1832, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained, 
 sine titiilo^ Nov. 13, '33, by the same; pastor of Hinkston and 
 Lexington, Ky., 1835-8; in Elkhart Co., Ind., while engaged 
 more or less in secular business he preached at Leesburg, New 
 Paris, etc., 1838-51; removed to Linn Co., Ore., where he 
 performed missionary work, and died June 17, 1863, from 
 cancer of the stomach. 
 HARKNESS, Robert*: 
 
 Was born, educated and ordained in Scotland; was received 
 by the Boston Pres. in 1872; was pastor of Whitinsville, Mass., 
 Jan. 21, 1873-Ap. 22, '74, and then passed to Canada, and 
 died in 1881 in Scotland. 
 
 HARPER, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Came to the U. S. when well advanced in years, and joined 
 the First Asso. Ref Pres. of Pennsylvania in Dec, 1799, "duly 
 attested from the Pres. of Derry in the kingdom of Ireland." 
 He passed at once to the extreme western point of Virginia, 
 and supplied a cluster of little churches at Abbington, Beaver 
 Creek, Silver Spring, Rock Spring, Glade Spring and Forks 
 
THE MINISTRY. 365 
 
 of Holston in Washington and Russell counties. Here he 
 
 died Sept. 15, j8o2. 
 
 HARPER, James, Jr. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. James; arrived from Ireland in Oct., 1800, 
 and was immediately received by the First Pres. of Pennsyl- 
 vania on testimonials from the Asso. Pres. of Derry. He 
 joined his father in southwestern Virginia and assisted him 
 in his wide spread charge during the remainder of his life, 
 and succeeded him in the pastoral relation in 1803. In 1805 
 the General Synod transferred Mr. Harper and these churches 
 from the Big Spring Pres. to the Pres. of Kentucky in the 
 Synod of Scioto. The probabilities are that Mr. Harper did 
 not long survive the transfer, and as this Pres. was distracted 
 and unhappy in all its history, making everything to wither 
 that came under its rule, so these churches soon passed from 
 its roll. 
 HARPER, James, D. D., hh. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born in 1823 in Ireland; was graduated at the Royal 
 Belfast College and Seminary; was licensed in 1848 by the 
 Belfast Presbytery, and ordained Oct. 31, '50, by the Asso. 
 Pres. of Albany, U. S. ; was pastor of the Second Asso. Ch. 
 New York City, (now Seventh Avenue,) 1850-Nov. i, '68; 
 Prof, of Theology in the Newburgh Seminary 1867-78, and 
 in the Xenia Seminary since 1879; was Moderator of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly in 1868. Publications: Sundry newspaper, 
 magazine and review articles; a Sermon preached before the 
 Gen. Ass., in 1869; and papers read by appointment before the 
 Synod of New York; A Counterblast to the Organ, pp. 99, 
 1881. 
 
 HARPER, John (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in county Antrim, Ireland, and was brought up 
 in the Old School Covenanter Church; came to the U. S., in 
 1848, and united with the Asso. Ch., in East Salem, N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Union in 1853, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg and Xenia; was licensed July 28, 1856, by Wash- 
 ington Presbytery, Asso. Ref , and ordained Dec. 8, '58, by 
 the same; was pastor of Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 
 1858-July, '72; of Bethel and Harmony, Peoria Co., 111., 
 since May 3, 1873. 
 
366 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 HARPER, Robert D., D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 27, 1823, i^ Washington .Co., Pa., and 
 reared principally in Allegheny City; was graduated at the 
 Western University in 1841, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Mar. 26, 1844, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained July 22, '46, by Springfield; was pastor in 
 Xenia 1 846-' 68; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor 
 at Indianapolis, Ind., for a short time, and then transferred 
 to North Broad Street, Philadelphia. He was ten years Sec- 
 retary of the Board of Home Missions of the United Pres- 
 byterian Church, and Moderator of her General Assembly in 
 1861. Publications: The Church Memorial, i2mo., pp. 407, 
 1858. 
 
 HARPER, William Speer: 
 
 Was born Nov. 16, 1848, in Guernsey Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Muskingum in 1869, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed June 20, 1871, Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 Aug. 21, '72, by the same; pastor of Barlow, O., 1872-Aug. 
 26, '73; Buena Vista, Pa., Sept. i, 1874-Dec. 15, '74; Nor- 
 wich, O., Aug. 17, 1875-N0V. 13, '77; ii6th Street, New 
 York, Ap. 9, 1878-Feb. 10, '79; of Fredericksburg O. , Ap. 
 15, 1879-Oct. 17, '83. 
 
 HARRIS, Daniel: 
 
 Was born June 14, 1835, i^ Clinton Co., Ind.; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1862, and studied theology at Mon- 
 mouth; was licensed Ap. 2, 1863, by Monmouth Pres., and 
 ordained Aug. 2, '64, by the same; pastor of Fountain Green, 
 111., Aug., 1864-Dec. 28, '69; Lacona, Warren Co., la., Nov. 
 7, 1870-N0V. 15, ''']']\ Principal of the Lacona Academy. 
 Pastor Ryegate, Vt, Feb. 9, 1886- 
 
 HARRIS, Eleazar (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was a native of the south, and was graduated at Transyl- 
 vania University, at Lexington, Ky., and entered the Theo- 
 logical Seminary in New York in 1811; was licensed July 13, 
 1815, with Charles Strong, by the First Pres., of the Caroli- 
 nas, and ordained in Oct., '20, by the same; was pastor of 
 Ebenezer, Fairfield county, S. C. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 367 
 
 HARRIS, James R. : 
 
 Was born in Warren Co., 111.; took a partial course in 
 Monmouth and studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed 
 in April, 1862, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained in '63 by 
 the same; was pastor of Ellisville, 111., i863-'5; at Ross 
 Grove, 111., i866-'7; he then joined the Congregational Ch., 
 afterward he became a Spiritualist, and finally turned to secu- 
 lar pursuits. 
 
 HARSH A, John Walker (A.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 9, 1808, in Argyle, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Union in 1834, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 27, 1838, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 28, '40, by Ohio; was S. S. for a year at New Lisbon and 
 W. Beaver, in Columbiana Co., O., and then pastor i840-'44; 
 of Bethel, Lawrence Co. , Pa., 1844-53; was obliged to resign 
 because of a disease of the throat; was Prof, of Latin and 
 English Literature in Westminster College 1853-6, since 
 which he has resided at Argyle, unable to labor because of 
 nervous pain and prostration, preventing any sleep for three 
 and even six nights in succession. Publications: Pardon of 
 Sin, i6mo., pp. 241, 1853; Song of the Redeemed, i2mo., 
 pp., 482, 1870; a Sermon for the Times, 1856; An Address 
 on the Course and Design of Collegiate Study, and a number 
 of Essays in the periodicals of the Church. 
 
 HARSH A, WiLUAM WiLLiTT, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born May 23, 1821, in West Hebron, Washington Co., 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1843, ^^^ studied law in 
 Salem, N. Y. When about commencing practice his views 
 of duty changed, and he studied theology privately and was 
 licensed Ap. 28, 1846, by Cambridge Pres. (Bullions'), and 
 ordained by it in Oct. of the same year; was pastor of Galena, 
 111., Nov., 1846-Mar. '54. He then united with the Presby- 
 terian Church, and was pastor of Savanna, 111., 1854-5; of 
 Dixon, 111., 1855-61; of South Church, Chicago, 1861-9; 
 of Jacksonville, 111., i869-'85; and is now President of Belle- 
 vue College, Neb. 
 HARSHAW, Aedrew Henry: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Michael; was born Sept. 13, 1848, at Cut- 
 
368 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ler, Perry Co., 111.; was graduated at Westminster in 1874, 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 11, 1877, 
 by Southern Illinois Pres., and ordained May 7, '78, by Sec- 
 ond New York; pastor of Jane Street, New York, May, 1878- 
 Dec, 27, '80; of Second Ch., Pittsburgh, Feb. 13, i88i-Dec. 26, 
 '83; co-editor of The Midland i884-'5; pastor of West 51st 
 St., New York, July 13, 1885- Publications: Do You Pray 
 in Secret? a Tract, pp. 26, 1880; frequent articles in The 
 Midland and United Presbyterian. 
 
 HARSHAW, Michael*: 
 
 Was born in 1807 in coimty Armagh, Ireland; came to the 
 U. S. in 1826, and settled in Armstrong Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at the Western University in 1838, and studied theology 
 with Dr. John Black, of Pittsburgh; was licensed in 1840 by 
 the Pittsburgh Pres. of the Ref. Pres. Ch., and ordained Nov. 
 
 9, '42, by the Western Pres. of the same Ch. ; was pastor of 
 Six Mile Prairie (Cutler) 111., from his ordination until his 
 death. He came with his congregation in 1870, when the 
 Western Pres. of the Ref. Pres. Ch. united with the United 
 Presbyterian Ch. He died of dysentery Aug. 11, 1874. 
 
 HARSHAW, William Roseborough: 
 
 Son of Rev. Michael; was born Oct. 11, 1856, at Cutler, 
 111. ; was graduated in 1883 at Westminster, and studied the- 
 ology at Union Sem., New York city; was licensed Dec. 30, 
 1884, by Southern Illinois Pres., and ordained Nov. 10, '85, 
 by New York; pastor East 119th St., New York city, Nov. 
 
 10, 1885-May, '87; Steubenville, O., since May, 1887. 
 HARVEY, William: 
 
 Was born Oct. 30, 1835, in Glasgow, Scotland, and came 
 to the U. S. in 1850; was graduated at Westminster in 1862, 
 and studied theology at Allegheny ; was licensed Ap. 12, 1864, 
 by the Pres. of Detroit, and ordained Aug. 29, '65, by the 
 same. He sailed Sept. 30, 1865, as missionary to Egypt. 
 His labors have been confined principally to the Fayoum and 
 Cairo. 
 HATCH, Cyrus Blanchard: 
 
 Was born near Franklin, Pa. ; was graduated at the West- 
 ern University in 1869, and studied theology at Allegheny 
 
THE MINISTRY. 369 
 
 and Monmouth; was licensed June 27, 1871, by Monongaliela 
 Pres., and ordained June 25, '72, by the same; was pastor of 
 Mifflin and Jefferson, in Allegheny Co., 1872-Dec. 31, '75; 
 Mansfield, same Co., Mar. 28, 1876-May 31, '79; of Irwin's 
 Station, Westmoreland Co., Ap. 13, 1880-Sep. 4, '83; S. S. 
 at Denver, Col., 1884; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is at 
 Dravosburg, Pa. 
 
 HAWK, James Steene:* 
 
 Was born in Allegheny Co., educated at Franklin and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1864, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained June 27, '65, by the same; 
 was pastor of East Liberty, Pittsburgh, June, 1865- Aug. 3, 
 '69; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and died in charge of San 
 Rafael, Cal., Oct. 28, 1874. 
 
 HAWK, IvEsuE Elliott: 
 
 Was born Sept. 26, 1851, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1877, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Jan. 20, 1880, by the Butler Pres., 
 and ordained Feb. 17, '82, by Delaware; S. S. at Pepacton, 
 Delaware Co., N. Y., Feb., 1882, and pastor Oct. 8, 1882- 
 
 HAWTHORNE, William (A.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 18, 1816, in county Down, Ireland; was 
 graduated at Belfast College, and studied theology in the Free 
 Church Hall in Edinburgh; was licensed in May, 1849, ^Y 
 the Presbytery of Banbridge, Ireland, and ordained Sept. 26, 
 '52, by Cambridge; pastor of Hemmingsford and Hinchin- 
 brook, Canada East, 1852-May, i860; Hemmingsford and 
 Covey Hill, i860-' 70. A severe injury disabled him from 
 preaching for four years, and by that time the St. Lawrence 
 Presbytery had been dissolved and the United Presbyterian 
 congregations in this part of Canada had formed Canadian con- 
 nections, so in 1876 Mr. Hawthorne joined the Presbytery of 
 Montreal of the Presbyterian Ch., of Canada, and has been 
 laboring under its care as far as his health allows, retaining 
 his home at Hemmingsford. 
 
 HAYS, William Gilbert McDill: 
 
 Was born Sept. 20, 1853, at Sunbeam, Mercer Co., 111.; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1878, and studied theology at 
 
370 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Xenia; was licensed Mar. 30, 1880, by Monmouth Pres,, and 
 ordained June 28, '81, by Le Claire; pastor of Elvira, la., 
 June 28, i88i-Mar. 2, '86 S. S., at Waitsburg, Wash. Ter. 
 HEIDGER, Nicholas Euther: 
 
 Was born Nov. 6, 1856, in Pillig, Circuit of Coblentz, 
 Prussia, and was reared a Roman Catholic; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1884, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 13, 1886, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained June 
 14, '87, by Indiana; pastor at Rushville, Ind., since ordina- 
 tion. 
 HEMPHILE, John D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born of Covenanter parentage in 1761, in county Derry, 
 Ireland; came to Philadelphia, Pa., in 1783, and in 1785 re- 
 moved to Chester District, S. C, was graduated at Dickinson in 
 1792, and studied theology with Alex. Dobbin, in Gettysburg, 
 and Mat. Lind, of Greencastle; was licensed May 27, 1794, 
 by the First Pres. of Penn., and ordained by it in the follow- 
 ing Oct. ; assumed the pastoral care of Hopewell, Union and 
 Ebenezer congregations, Chester District, S. C, in the fall 
 of 1795, although not installed until Sept., 19, 1796. He re- 
 mained pastor until about a year before his death, when from 
 failure of memory he was constrained to resign. He was a 
 man of mark in many ways, a profound theologian, a clear 
 expositor of Scripture, a strong reasoner, and yet practical in 
 all things. He had his congregations divided into districts, 
 and in each of these the families met together on the "silent 
 Sabbaths" in each others' houses and spent two or three 
 hours in praise and prayer, and the reading of Scripture and 
 of sermons, and in repeating the Larger and Shorter Cate- 
 chisms. The elders also drilled the youth in the Catechisms 
 on the Sabbath at church between the services. The result 
 was a people thoroughly instructed in doctrines and of godly 
 life, and old Hopewell sent out three colonies to the west, one 
 of which divided into three congregations, and all of which 
 were an honor to the mother church. 
 
 Dr. Hemphill was always opposed to slavery, although he 
 lived and died in its midst. By his second wife he became 
 legally possessed of a number of slaves, yet he never claimed 
 them as his property. They were always assessed and known 
 
THE MINISTRY. 37I 
 
 as the "servants of Mrs. Hemphill," but he saw to it that 
 they were brought up in the nurture and admonition of the 
 Lord, and most of them and many of their descendants lived 
 and died as consistent members of his church. He died May 
 20, 1832. Publications: A Discourse Upon the Duty and 
 Occasions of Fasting, with an Appendix, 8 vo., pp. 160; A 
 Sermon on Permanent Peace, Vol. IH Associate Reformed 
 Pulpit. 
 HENDERSON, Ebenezer (A.)*: 
 
 The third son of the Rev. Matthew, Sr. ; was born at Ox- 
 ford, Chester Co., Pa.; was educated mainly by his father 
 and at the academy at Canonsburg; studied theology with Dr. 
 J. Anderson at Service; was licensed in Aug., 1799, by the 
 Asso. Pres. of Penn,, and ordained, sine tittdo^ June 24, 1800, 
 by Chartiers on the second day of its first meeting; accepted 
 a call from the united congregations of Pittsburgh, Turtle 
 Creek and Bethel, Dec. 30, 1801, although not installed until 
 the following summer, and was released April 13, 1804. He 
 went immediately, according to Synodic appointment, to sup- 
 ply the churches in the Carolinas. About the first of Sept. , he 
 took a fever and started for home on horseback, but was so 
 ill and delirious by the time he arrived at Staunton Va., that 
 he could go no further, and there died in an inn and was 
 buried by strangers, and to this day a sandstone marks his 
 resting place, upon which is inscribed: " Here lies the body 
 of the Rev. Ebenezer Henderson, a native of Pennsylvania, 
 who departed this life September 17, 1804." 
 
 HENDERSON, George D., (A.)*: 
 
 Grandson of the Rev. Matthew, Sr. ; was born Mar. 13, 
 1818, in Washington Co., Pa.; was educated at Muskingum 
 and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 8, 
 1847, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Oct. 19, '49, by 
 Illinois; was pastor of Granville, Putnam Co., 111., i849-'65; 
 removed to Monmouth, 111,, where he was Superintendent of 
 Schools, Financial Agent, Treasurer and Trustee of the Col- 
 lege, and Secretary of the Board of Education. He died Nov. 
 15, 1877, of toxemia. 
 HENDERSON, James McConnell (A.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 28, 1805, in Washington Co., Pa.: was 
 
372 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 graduated at Franklin in 1830, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed Ap. 11, 1833, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained May 8, '34, by Miami, and installed pastor of 
 Carmel, Madison and Big Creek, in Indiana; resigned the last 
 two in the fall of '35, and Carmel in the autumn of '44; in- 
 stalled over the congregations of Northfield, Claysville and 
 Keene, in the Muskingum Pres., in the spring of '45; resigned 
 the last in '46; exchanged Claysville for New Concord in '55; 
 resigned Northfield in '58, and also New Concord in '59, that 
 that congregation might unite with the Asso. Ref. congrega- 
 tion vacated by Dr. Waddle and call a new man; was pastor 
 of Poland, Mahoning Co., O., i859-'65; of Winfield, la., 
 i865-'7i; ofElkhorn, 111., i872-'7. Retired as infirm. 
 
 HENDERSON, John Armstrong: 
 
 Was born July 9, 1853, ^^^^ Washington, Guernsey Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 8, 1879, by Xenia Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 7, '80, by Sidney; pastor of Kenton, Ap. 7, 
 1880-June 12, '85; 2d Omaha since Ap., 1887. 
 
 HENDERSON, John McClennahan: 
 
 Son of the Rev. James M. ; was born Dec. 17, 1843, at 
 South Hanover, Ind, ; was graduated at Westminster in 1864, 
 and studied theology at Xenia and Monmouth ; was licensed 
 Ap. 5, 1867, by Keokuk Pres., and ordained May 2, '68, by 
 Monmouth; was pastor of Third Ch., Monmouth, May, 1868- 
 Dec, '72; of Elmira, 111., Dec. 31, 1873-Aug. 27, '84; Traer, 
 la., Nov. 18, 1886; was for a short time Assistant Financial 
 Agent of Monmouth College, and for a number of years Cor- 
 responding Secretary of the Board of Education. Publica- 
 tion: History of the United Presbyterian Congregation of 
 Elmira, Stark Co., 111., 1877. 
 
 HENDERSON, Matthew, Sr. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1735 in Fifeshire, Scotland; was graduated at 
 Glasgow University, and studied theology in the Anti-burgher 
 Hall, then presided over by Alex. Moncrieff"; was licensed in 
 1756, and ordained in the summer of '58 by the Asso. Pres. 
 of Perth and Dunfermline, and immediately sent to America 
 to reinforce Messrs, Gellatly and Proudfit. Pretty soon after 
 
THE MINISTRY. 373 
 
 his arrival he settled as pastor of Oxford, Chester Co. , Pa. , 
 and Pencader, in the edge of the State of Delaware, near the 
 present village of Newark; two-thirds of his time to the 
 former, where he resided, and one-third to the latter. Here 
 he remained until 1781, when he became pastor of Chartiers 
 and Buffalo, in Washington Co., Pa, the first settled minister 
 of the Associate Ch. west of the Allegheny mountains. 
 
 He was not present at the meeting of his Pres. in June, 
 1782, when the union of the Associate Ch. with the Reformed 
 took place, and would most likely have opposed it, but he 
 acquiesced and entered the Asso. Ref. Synod. This Synod in 
 1787 appointed the elder Dr. Mason, Robert Annan and John 
 Smith to prepare an "Illustration and Defence of the West- 
 minster Confession, " as a step in the formulating and fixing 
 of the standards of the church. While the report of the com- 
 mittee (known as "The Overture") was under consideration 
 in the Synod of 1789, and before half of its chapters had 
 passed under review, Mr. Henderson presented a paper 
 drafted by himself and also signed by John Smith and Wil- 
 liam Logan, to the following purport: "Will the Synod ap- 
 prove the judicial act and testimony of the Associate Presby- 
 tery of Scotland and their act concerning the doctrine of 
 grace? Will the Synod adopt the declaration made by that 
 Presbytery respecting civil dominion and qualifications neces- 
 sary to the being of a magistrate ? Do the Synod think that 
 the renovation in the Covenant in the Secession is a renova- 
 tion of the National Covenant and Solemn League ? Do the 
 Synod profess themselves to be under the formal obligations 
 of these covenants considered as ecclesiastical deeds? Will 
 the Synod give up the scheme of occasional communion in all 
 ordinary cases, and confine the privilege to the members ot 
 our own church? " The members of the Synod had an extra- 
 judicial conference upon the questions thus submitted, but 
 failed to satisfy their authors. The next day these three 
 withdrew, although Messrs. Smith and Logan subsequently 
 returned to the Synod. Mr. Henderson never returned, but 
 went to the Asso. Pres., and, after acknowledging his error 
 in going into the Asso. Ref. Ch. , was received as a member. 
 
 He was a man of large size and very erect figure, of very 
 
374 THK MINISTRY. 
 
 swarthy complexion, had a keen, black eye, and voice of re- 
 markable power and distinctness. He always enjoyed good 
 health, and possessed great muscular power, yet such had 
 been his labors and exposure that at sixty he had become 
 considerably infirm. He possessed great physical courage, 
 and yet was much troubled with the fear of death. A kind 
 Providence removed him so suddenly as to disappoint all his 
 fears. On the morning of Oct. 2, 1795, he went out to where 
 two of his sons were cutting down a bee-tree, and while watch- 
 ing the operation at what he supposed to be a safe location, 
 the tree fell sooner than was expected, because of a decayed 
 centre, and also in an opposite direction. The point of one 
 of the outer limbs struck him upon the head and instantly 
 killed him. He had much to do with the incipient measures 
 which finally resulted in the establishment of Jefferson 
 College, 
 
 HENDERSON, Matthew (the younger) (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was the eldest son of the Rev. Matthew, and was born Jan. 
 10, 1762, on the Octoraro Creek, in Chester Co., Pa.; was 
 educated partly by his father, but mone particularly by his 
 neighbor, the Rev. John Smith, who had been appointed by 
 the Pres. to instruct young men "in Philosophy." In 1781 
 he removed with his father to Canonsburg, Pa., and studied 
 theology mostly with his father, although it is believed that 
 he returned for a season to enjoy the instructions of Mr. Smith. 
 He was licensed in May, 1784, by the Second Asso. Ref Pres., 
 which embraced all the churches west of the Susquehanna. 
 This was the first licensure which took place in the Asso. Ref. 
 Ch., and Mr. Henderson was the first minister of any of the 
 Scottish churches trained and educated in America. He was 
 ordained by the Second Pres. in Nov., 1785, and installed pas- 
 tor of The Forks of the Yough, now Bethesda, some twenty- five 
 miles south of Pittsburgh, and also of Brush Creek, now Bethel, 
 Westmoreland Co., about ten miles distant. These were the 
 places of worship, while the families of his charge were scat- 
 tered over a territory forty or fifty miles long and twenty wide. 
 In 1788 he gave up Brush Creek and took in its place a small 
 congregation near Brownsville, but in 1800 he changed back 
 to the original charge. In '18 he resigned Brush Creek, and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 375 
 
 in '29, because of the infirmities of age, gave up Betliesda. 
 He died July 21, 1835. A sermon of his was published in the 
 second volume of the A. R. Pulpit — theme, Rest for the 
 Weary. 
 
 HENNING, William Edward (A.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 25, 1824, ^^ Mullaghlass, county Antrim, 
 Ireland; was graduated at Belfast College and Presbyterian 
 Seminary; was licensed Feb. 12, 1850, by Newry Pres. ; came 
 to the U. S. in 1852, and was ordained June 30, '53, by Cam- 
 bridge Pres. (Bullions); pastor of North Argyle, Washington 
 Co., N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 HENRY, Addison*: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. Robert W. ; was born about 1833 in St. 
 Clair, Allegheny Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1854, 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1857, 
 by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Nov. 3, '58, by Saratoga; 
 was pastor of W. Charlton, Saratoga Co., N. Y., from his 
 ordination until his death; died Dec. 6, 1863, of scrofulous 
 abscess in his back. 
 
 HENRY, Andrew: 
 
 Was born in Aug., 1845, i^i Ballymoney, Ireland; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1867, ^"^ studied theology at New- 
 burgh and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1869, by West- 
 moreland Pres., and ordained June 13, '71, by First New 
 York; was pastor of East Eleventh St., New York, June, 1871- 
 -^P- 23, '73; of Broadalbin, Fulton Co., N. Y., since Sept. 16, 
 1873- 
 HENRY, Robert W., D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1825 i^ St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pa. ; was 
 graduated at Duquesne College in 1846, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 28, 1849, t»y Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Dec. 17, '50, by Springfield; was pastor 
 of Springfield, O., Dec, 1850-June 9, '53; of Sugar Creek, 
 O., Dec, 1853-Aug., '55; joined the Presbyterian Ch. and 
 was assistant pastor with Dr. McElroy in New York, and 
 then pastor in Philadelphia. He died Oct. 8, 1869, i^ Alex- 
 andria, Eg}'pt, of Syrian fever. 
 
376 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 HENRY, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 7, 1830, near Bloomington, Ind. ; was grad- 
 ated at the Indiana State University, and studied theology at 
 Oxford; was licensed in Oct., 1854, by Indiana Pres., and or- 
 dained by the same in the autumn of '55, sine titulo^ although 
 he had received a call which he declined becaused of ill 
 health. Died Ap. 18, 1856, from consumption. 
 HERON, Andrew, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 13, 1788, in Glasserton, Wigtonshire, Scot- 
 land; was educated in languages and mathematics in the 
 High School of Whithorn; came to the U. S. in 1807 and 
 taught school in Florida and Cambridge, N. Y., and continued 
 his literary studies with Dr. Alex. Bullions. In 1810 he en- 
 tered the Theo. Sem. at Service, Pa., under Dr. J. Anderson, 
 and spent his summers at Jefferson College; was licensed 
 Sept. I, 1813, by the Chartiers Pres., and ordained Ap. i, 
 '15, by the Pres. of the Carolinas; was pastor of Timber 
 Ridge and Ebenezer, in Rockbridge Co., Va., Ap., 1815- 
 July, '32; of Caesar's Creek, Greene Co., O., Aug. 1832-45. 
 In 1843 he was suspended for "insubordination," because he 
 had gone to hear the Rev. H. H. Blair preach on a week-day 
 in his church at Caesar's Creek. As Mr. Blair had been de- 
 posed by the Synod for adhering to the Bullions party, Dr. 
 Heron's conduct was regarded as giving countenance and ap- 
 proval to the "exscinded brethren" in their divisive and 
 contumacious course, and as he refused to acknowledge any 
 error in his conduct he was adjudged and treated as insubor- 
 dinate. His neighbor, the Rev. G. M. Hall, sympathized 
 with him, and as the greater part of their congregations ad- 
 hered to them, they organized the "Free Associate Presby- 
 tery of Miami." A year afterward Mr. Hall returned to 
 the Synod, and this dissolved their Pres., and Dr. Heron re- 
 signed his charge and moved into Xenia, and in July, 1845, 
 united with the Asso. Ref. Ch. In 1848 he united with the 
 New School Covenanters and took charge of the congre- 
 gation of Garrison Creek, in Fayette Co., Ind. Here he 
 remained for eleven years, when he deemed it best, be- 
 cause of the growing infirmities of age and increasing deaf- 
 ness, to retire from the pastorate. As his Synod declined 
 
THE MINISTRY. 377 
 
 going into the union of 1858, contrary to his judgment and 
 wishes, he united with the Indiana Pres. of United Presby- 
 terian Ch. in Sept., 1859. No longer able to labor in the 
 ministry, he removed to Cedarville, O. , where he lived in re- 
 tirement until his death, which occurred Sept. i, 1873. He 
 was Prof, of Languages in Washington College, Lexington, 
 Va., 1815-19, and Stated Clerk of the Associate Synod 1827- 
 '42. He was a man of many moral excellencies and mental 
 accomplishments. He possessed a memory of wonderful re- 
 tention, and the scope of his reading was very wide and 
 varied. When cut off by deafness from familiar intercourse 
 with others he gave himself wholly to reading, and when 
 blindness denied him this boon he fell back upon the vast 
 accumulations of his faultless memory, and he could repeat 
 with surprising accuracy whole poems and sections of poems. 
 Shortly before his death he repeated the hundred and fifty 
 Psalms, in the Scotch version, within three days, just for his 
 "own amusement." He conducted family worship to the 
 last, when blind and deaf, and in his usual form, reading the 
 Psalm and chapter from memory, and rarely making a mis- 
 take. When eighty-three years old he received injuries from 
 a fall which confined him to his bed for months, during which 
 time he composed in his mind a sermon which he entitled, 
 "The Angels at School." He was permitted to preach it to 
 several of the neighboring churches while supported by 
 crutches and unable to see his audience or hear his own 
 voice. This was his last sermon, and it was written out by 
 other hands and published in the Oct. number of the Evan- 
 gelical Repository of 1872. 
 HERON, John McCampbell (A. R.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. Dr. Andrew; was born Aug. 3, 1823, i^ 
 Rockbridge Co., Va. ; was graduated at Miami University 
 in 1844, and studied theology at Oxford and with Dr. Heron; 
 was licensed in May, 1846, by Springfield Pres., and ordained 
 May 17, '48, by Caledonia; was pastor of York, Livingston 
 Co., N. Y., May, 1848-Dec. 14, '52; of Lisbon, St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., Mar. 20, 1856-Sept. 23, '56; Burlington Green, 
 Otsego Co., N. Y., Mar., 1857-spring '58; of Thompsonville, 
 Conn., i858-'6i; S. S., in Hartford, Conn., i864-'7; his 
 24 
 
378 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 health being feeble, took appointments for several years from 
 the Board of Home Missions, and is now residing without 
 charge in Philadelphia. Publication: The Pocket Manual, 
 pp. 1 60, 1882. 
 HERRON, James Clokey (A.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 26, 1821, near Clokey, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1840, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed Ap. 2, 1844, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 15, '45, by the same; was pastor of Peter's 
 Creek Oct., 1845-Nov. 18, '52; Chartiers Cross Roads June, 
 i86o-Ap., '67; Lawrence, Kan., June 18, 1867-July 29, '75; 
 of Telfer, Ontario, Canada, Sept. 16, 1879-Sept. 11, '83; 
 Shenango and Sandy Lake, Pa., Oct., 10 and 24, 1884- 
 HERRON, Samuel Thompson (A.): 
 
 Was born June 7, 1818, in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at the Western University in 1841, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1844, by Allegheny Pres., 
 and ordained May 20, '46, by Ohio; pastor of New Lisbon 
 and West Beaver, Columbiana Co., O., i846-'68; spent a 
 year in Mt. Pleasant, la. ; labored eight years as a missionary 
 in Adams Co., la., and organized three congregations; pas- 
 tor of Eden Prairie and Glendale, in Minn., Sept. 13, 1878- 
 July 3, '83; S. S. at Corning, la. Publication: A Sermon on 
 Slavery, 1856. 
 HERVEY, James McMath (nephew of Hugh H.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 30, 1853, at Tarentum, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1875, and studied theology' two years in 
 Yale Theo. Sem., and one at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 
 1879, ^y Westmoreland Pres., and ordained Aug. 5, '79, by 
 Monongahela; pastor of Fifth Ch., Pittsburgh, Aug. 9, 1879- 
 Feb. 18, '84; S. S. Los Angeles, Cal., 1884-Oct., 1887. 
 HERVEY, Hugh Henry, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Oct. 10, 1826, near Banbridge, county Down, 
 Ireland; was graduated at the Western University in 1848, 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed March 26, 
 1851, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained June 15, '53, by 
 the Lake; pastor of Hartstown and North Shenango, Craw- 
 ford Co. , Pa. , since ordination, and Jamestown, Mercer Co. , 
 
THE MINISTRY. 379 
 
 until 1858. Publications: A Memorial Sermon of the Rev. 
 Dr. Joseph H. Pressly. 
 
 HILL, Robert Alexander (A.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 20, 1820, at Buffalo, Armstrong Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at the Western University, and studied theol- 
 ogy in the Ref. Pres. Sem., in Philadelphia; was licensed in 
 1847 by the Northern Presbytery, (Ref. Pres.,) and ordained 
 by the same Sept. 4, '48; was pastor in Ryegate, Vt., Sept., 
 i848-'5i; at Paterson, N. J., 1851-55; united with the 
 Asso. Presbytery of Albany in 1855, and tendered his services 
 to the Board of Foreign Missions to take the place of Mr. 
 John Harper (who declined the appointment). Accompany- 
 ing Mr. Stevenson to Northern India, they sailed Aug. 22, 
 1855, and arrived at Calcutta Jan. 22, 1856. He labored 
 principally at Sialkot; lost everything in the Sepoy mutiny; 
 returned to the U. S. in 1863, and was pastor in Jersey City, 
 N. J., 1864-N0V., '70; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is in 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 HILL, Samuel (A. R.): 
 
 Was received in Feb., 1846, from the Presbyterian Ch., by 
 the Blairsville Presbytery, and left the church within a year. 
 
 HINDMAN, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 7, 1795, at Saltsburgh, Indiana Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1824, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed in July, 1828, by Allegheny Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. i, '31, by the same; pastor of Glade Run 
 and Lower Piney, in Armstrong Co., and Mahoning and 
 Beracha, in Indiana, Pa., from his ordination; resigned Maho- 
 ning in March, '45, and the others in April, '52, and died 
 Nov. 26, i860, from paralysis. He protested against the 
 union of 1858, and declined to enter the United Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 HINDMAN, Samuel (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. John; was born in Indiana Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1824, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Nov. 4, 1828, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 28, '30, by Muskingum; was installed at 
 ordination pastor of Mansfield, West Union and Washington, 
 
380 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 O. In '41 his charge was re-arranged and divided into two, 
 and he remained pastor of North and South Washington, in 
 Marion Co., O. ; resigned North Washington in '46, and South 
 Washington in '57; was installed in Nov., '57, as pastor of 
 Pleasant Divide, in Monroe Co., la. He opposed the union 
 of 1858, and declined to go into the United Presbyterian Ch., 
 and died in 1868. 
 
 HOGG, John, D. D.*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 30, 1833, at Gladsmuir, Haddingtonshire, 
 Scotland, and united with the church at fifteen years of age; 
 was graduated at the Edinburgh University in 1853, and 
 studied theology in the United Presbyterian Hall until 
 1856, when he was sent out by a Scottish society to open a 
 Protestant school in Alexandria, Egypt; returned to Scot- 
 land in 1859, finished his theological course, and was li- 
 censed in Nov., 1859, by the Pres. of Edinburgh (United 
 Presbyterian); returned immediately to Alexandria as a mis- 
 sionary under the Board of the United Presbyterian Ch. 
 of North America, and was ordained May 22, i860, by the 
 Missionary Presbytery of Egypt. Broken down in health, 
 he visited, in 1872, Scotland and the United States. He 
 labored principally in Alexandria and Asyoot, and largely 
 in the educational department of the mission. Died at 
 Asyoot, Feb. 27, 1886. Publications: Translations made and 
 printed in whole or in part in Arabic, The Poor Uad Who 
 Found a Precious Treasure, 30 pp., 1864; The Shining Lamp, 
 30 pp., 1864; Life of Lord Haddo, 30 pp., 1864; Dr. Mac- 
 Duff's Child's Theology, 1865; Why I Became an Evangeli- 
 cal, 80 pp., 1868; Students' Bible Hand-Book, Part First, 
 160 pp., 1868; Notes on International Series of Lessons for 
 Sabbath-school Teachers, for 1881; Neither is their Salvation 
 in Any Other, pp. 80, 1881. In English— First Ten Years 
 of Missionary Work in Egypt, in ten letters, in Times of 
 Blessing, Scotland, 1876. Translations not yet printed, from 
 lack of leisure to revise and distance from any printing press, 
 but circulating in Arabic MSS. among students, elders, etc. — 
 Patterson's Notes on the Shorter Catechism, to the Tenth 
 Commandment, 1 863-' 64; The Younger Hodge's Outlines 
 of Theology, chapters i-viii, i863-'4; Angus' Bible Hand- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 381 
 
 Book, one-third of the vohime; Abstract of Fairbairn's Ty- 
 pology; Abstract of Fairbairn on Prophecy. Introduction to 
 each^'of the books of the Old Testament, with analysis of the 
 prophetical books and discussions on difficult passages— The 
 Mosaic Dispensation, a Preparation for Christ; Translation 
 of Rawlinson's Bampton Lectures on the Historical Evi- 
 dences of Christianity; Schaflf's History of the Christian 
 Church, Vol. I; Principal Crawford Baird's Lecture on the 
 Mysteries of Christianity; Dean of Canterbury's (Dr. Smith) 
 Prophecy, a Preparation for Christ; Prof MacGregor's Chris- 
 tian Doctrine, Edinburgh, 1874; Prof Calderwood's Text 
 Book on Moral Philosophy; Dr. P. Davidson's (Edinburgh) 
 Hand-Book' for Catechumens, and a number of tracts on the 
 Errors of the Plymouth Brethren; The Pastoral Office; The 
 Christian's Relation to the Moral Law; The Charismata, and 
 Especially the Gift of Prophecy; The Righteousness which 
 i5 of God, etc., etc., 1868-1885. 
 
 HOGG, John: 
 
 Was graduated at Westminster in 1864, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Xenia; was licensed Mar. 17, 1864, by Xenia Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 31, '64, by Stamford; was pastor of Port 
 Hope, Ontario, Canada, Aug., i864-'8; Lawrence, Mass., 
 1868-N0V. 23, '75, and now a missionary of the Presbyterian 
 Ch. of Canada in Manitoba. 
 
 HOLLIDAY, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received in June, 1847, ^^om the Presbyterian Ch. by 
 the Pres. of Indiana, and in Ap., 1849, returned to his orig- 
 inal connection. 
 
 HOLMES, James (A. R.) *: 
 
 Was born in Xenia, O. ; was graduated at Miami Univer- 
 sity, and studied theology at Oxford; was licensed in Ap., 
 1854, by Springfield Pres., and ordained May 3, '55, by Mo- 
 nongahela; was pastor of the Third Ch., Allegheny, from his 
 ordination until his death. Died Jan. 14, 1857. 
 
 HOOD, John: 
 
 Was born Dec. 30, 1843, ^lear Service, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1870, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed June 6, 1871, by Frankfort Pres., 
 
382 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 and ordained by the same Ap. 9, '72; pastor of Burgettstown, 
 Pa., Ap., 1872-Ap., '78; of Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., 
 May 7, 1878-Aug. 14, '81; Boston, Mass., Sept. 7, 1881- 
 HOOD, Robert: 
 
 Was born July 18, 1856, at Indiana, Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1879, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 11, 1882, by Conemaugh Pres., and ordained 
 Dec. 12, '82, by Keokuk; pastor at Keota, la., Dec, 1882- 
 Dec. 8, '85; Indian Creek and Center Ridge, la., since Oct. 
 10, 1886. 
 HOOD, Robert H. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 19, 1855, at Elder's Ridge, Indiana Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1881, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 11, 1883, by Conemaugh 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 9, '84, by Chartiers; pastor of Peter's 
 Creek, Washington Co., Pa., Oct. 9, 1884. 
 
 HOOD, Samuel M. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 17, 1844, in Indiana, Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1866, and studied theology at Allegheny ; was 
 licensed Ap. 28, 1868, by Conemaugh Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 13, '70, by Allegheny; pastor of Deer Creek, Allegheny 
 Co., Pa., since his ordination. 
 HORNE, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 19, 1778, in Falkirk, Sterlingshire, Scot- 
 land; was graduated at Glasgow University, and studied the- 
 ology in the Burgher Hall under Dr. Lawson; was ordained 
 Sept. 21, 1802, at Braehead, and spent a long pastorate in his 
 native land. In the spring of 1833 ^^ emigrated to Canada, 
 and in '34 settled in Switzerland Co., Ind. ; joined the Asso. 
 Ref. Ch., and was pastor of Caledonia 1834-48. In Oct., 
 1848, he ceased from active labors and retired to his son's 
 house, in Yorktown, Delaware Co., Ind., where he died sud- 
 denly Dec. 17, 1848, from heart disease. He had just finished 
 writing an excellent article upon ' ' The Legitimate and Good 
 Use of the Moral Law," which was afterward published in 
 the United Presbyterian^ April number, 1849. 
 HOUSTON, Alexander Young (A.): 
 
 Was born Aug. 18, 1824, ^^ Coitsville, Trumbull Co., O. ; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 383 
 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1853, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed in Sept., 1855, by Shenango Pres., 
 and ordained Mar. 19, '58, by Chartiers; pastor of Peter's 
 Creek, Washington Co., Pa., Mar., 1858-Dec. '64; Palestine 
 and Clarkson, Allegheny Co., May, 1867- Ap. 16, '72; Rye- 
 gate, Vt., Feb. 13, 1873-Feb., '75; S. S. of Mahoning and 
 Harbor, lyawrence Co., Pa., i876-'9; Wampum, i88o-'2. 
 
 HOUSTON, Hugh H. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 16, 1845, "^^^ Mercer, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1871, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 9, 1873, ^Y Mercer Pres., and ordained Mar. 
 2, '75, by Monmouth; pastor of La Prairie, in Marshall Co., 
 111., Mar. 2, 1875-Aug. 27, '84; Poland, O., Dec. 15, 1885. 
 Publication: History of La Prairie Congregation, pp. 24, 
 1877. 
 
 HOUSTON, Thomas Alexander: 
 
 Brother of Hugh H. ; was born Ap. 14, 1850, near Mercer, 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1874, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1877, by Mercer, 
 and ordained Sept. 2, '79, by Bloomington; pastor of Hoopes- 
 ton, Vermillion Co., 111., Sept. 2, 1879-Mar. 22, '87; Centre, 
 Lawrence Co., Pa., since Sept. 20, 1887. 
 
 HOWDEN, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Dec, 1783, near Haddington, in Scotland; was 
 academically educated and studied theology privately; was 
 ordained by a Congregational Association, and labored with 
 the Haldaneites; performed missionary work in the North of 
 England, in Scotland and in Ireland; came to the Province 
 of New Brunswick about 1820, and spent seven years there 
 in missionary work; came to the U. S. in 1828, and joined 
 the Asso. Ref. Presbytery of Washington on the 28th of Nov., 
 and at the same time took pastoral charge of the congregation 
 of Cambridge, although not formally installed until Sept. 29, 
 1829. ^^ resigned this charge June 11, '34, and spent the 
 following year in Scotland. In the spring of '36 he com- 
 menced laboring as a missionary in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 
 and organized a congregation at Lyndon in '40, and supplied 
 Lyndon, with its out-stations, at Franklinville, Freedom and 
 
384 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Cuba, until '49, when he passed for a time to Canada, and 
 then returned to the U. S. , but never resumed active labors. 
 He died at his daughter's house in Aurora, Cayuga Co., N. 
 Y., Feb. 15, 1865. He had many eccentricities which made 
 him appear odd to strangers, but his sermons were alwa}'s full 
 of excellent matter, expressed in good language, and delivered 
 with warmth and earnestness. 
 
 HOWIE, James, M. D.*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 18, 1807, in London Parish, Ayrshire, Scot- 
 land; was graduated at Glasgow University, where he also 
 took the degree of M. D. ; studied theology at the United 
 Secession Hall under Drs, Mitchell, Dick, Duncan and Bal- 
 mer; was licensed in 1835 by the United Secession Pres. of 
 Forfar. He devoted his time mainly to medicine, and prac- 
 ticed in the great parish of Ardnamurchan, in Argyleshire, 
 i844-'65; came to the U. S. and was ordained Sept. 9, 1868, 
 by the Pres. of St. Louis; opened the United Presbyterian 
 Church in Cuba, Crawford Co., Missouri, in '68, and served 
 it as S. S. for several years, and then retired from active 
 labors; died Jan. 16, 1887. Publications: My Home, Country 
 and Church, pp. 500, 1840; Sketches in Britain, and Queen 
 Victoria's first visit to Scotland, blank verse, pp. 200, 1842; 
 A Voice from Benresipol, pp. 500, 1858; Isabella, or Grace 
 Triumphant, a Memoir, pp. 100, 1866; Liberty Lost and 
 Won, in blank verse, ready for the press. 
 
 HOWIE, William Maurice: 
 
 Was born Sept. i, 1845, i^ Waukesha, Wis; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1875, and studied theology at Xenia and 
 Newburgh; was licensed June 13, 1877, by Keokuk, and or- 
 dained June II, '78, by Delaware; pastor of Walton, Delaware 
 Co. , N. Y. , since ordination. 
 
 HUBBELL, Spencer C. : 
 
 Was born July 29, 1834, in Shenango, Crawford Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1862, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 3, 1865, by Lake, and or- 
 dained Ap. 20, '69, by Muskingum; pastor of Scotch Ridge, 
 Wood Co., O., Nov., 1871-July, '"]']. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 385 
 
 HUME, Robert Henry: 
 
 Was born Aug. 14, 1848, near Lisbon, Otsego Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1874, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed May 4, 1875, by Argyle, and ordained 
 Sept. 13, '76, by Caledonia; pastor of Sterling Valley, Cayuga 
 Co., N. Y., from ordination till Oct. 17, '82; of Morning Sun, 
 O., Dec. 26, 1882- 
 
 HUME, William (A.)*: 
 
 Was born and educated in Scotland; was licensed in 1799 
 by the Asso. Pres. of Kirkcaldy, and appointed in the autumn 
 of that year by the Gen. Asso. Synod to reinforce the Pres. of 
 Kentucky; was ordained Feb. 5, 1800, by Kirkcaldy Pres., and 
 sailed the following summer, and arrived in Kentucky in the 
 early part of 1801. He was pastor of the Asso. congregation 
 near Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 2, i8oi-'2i. In the spring of 
 182 1 he joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor in Nash- 
 ville from that time until his death, which occurred in 1835. 
 
 HUNTER, James Connel*: 
 
 Was born at Shaver's Creek, Huntingdon Co., Pa., May 17, 
 1849; was graduated at Westminster in 1876, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 7, 1879, by Butler, 
 and ordained, sine tittdo^ Sept. 21, '80, by the same; pastor of 
 Mifflin and Jefferson, Allegheny Co., Jan. 25, i88i-Mar. 31, 
 '85; died Feb. 27, 1887. 
 HUNTER, William Minteer: 
 
 Was born Jan. 30, 1844, in Harrison Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1874, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Sept. 9, 1874, by Steubenville Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 28, '75, by Frankfort; was pastor of Cross Creek, W. Va., 
 Sept. 1875-Oct., '76; joined the Presbyterian Ch. in 1881, and 
 is at Union Point, O. 
 
 HUSTON, Edward Hunter: 
 
 Was born Dec. 7, 1846, in Muskingum Co., O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1874, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed June 19, 1877, by Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 6, '78, by the same; pastor of Norwich and 
 Goshen, Muskingum Co., Nov. 6, 1878-Sep. 16, '84; Hope- 
 well, Preble Co., O., Oct. 28, 1884- 
 
386 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 HUTCHISON, Adolphus Power: 
 
 Was born Dec. 29, 1850, at New Wilmington, Pa. ; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1877, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 13, 1881, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained May 6, '81, by Princeton; pastor at Rushville, Ind., 
 May 6, i88i-Feb. 19, 85; Mahoning, O., June 23, 1885- 
 
 HUTCHISON, Fulton A. (A.): 
 
 Was born Oct. 18, 1820, at New London, Chester Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Washington in 1844, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed June 28, 1848, by the Philadel- 
 phia Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ Oct. 19, '49, by South- 
 ern Indiana; pastor of Noblestown, Pa., Sept. 16, 1850-June, 
 '69; has since been S. S. in different congregations in New 
 York, Philadelphia and Dayton. Publications: Christian 
 Patriot, a Sermon, 1852; Evils, a lecture before the Beaver 
 Academy, pp. 24, 1855; Devotement of the Church to the 
 Cause of Missions, Sermon, pp. 24, 1853. 
 
 HUTCHISON, George Andrew: 
 
 Was born Nov. 5, 1837, in Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1862, and studied theology at Princeton and 
 Monmouth; was licensed in the spring of 1863 by Schuyler 
 Pres. (Presbyterian), and ordained in '66 by Chillicothe Pres. 
 (United Presbyterian), and supplied at West Liberty. About 
 1868 he joined the Presbyterian Ch. ; was a short time pastor of 
 Doddsville, 111., and then in Nebraska; removed to Kansas and 
 joined the Baptist Ch. , and is in connection with it in Denver, 
 Col. 
 HUTCHISON, John Calvin, Ph. D. : 
 
 Was born Oct. 5, 1832, in Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1856, and studied theology at Oxford 
 and Monmouth; was licensed in April, 1859, by Monmouth 
 Pres., and ordained June 6, '62, by the same; has been Prof, 
 of Mathematics and Natural Science in Monmouth College 
 since 1858. 
 HUTCHISON, John Findley, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 10, 1826, near Bellbrook, Greene Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1850, and studied theology with 
 the Findlevs in Chillicothe and at Oxford; was licensed June 
 
THE MINISTRY. 387 
 
 9, 1852, by Springfield Pres., and ordained Oct. 19, '53, by 
 the same; was pastor of Kenton, O., 1853-Jan., '57; of Sliiloh 
 and for 2 years Vienna, Ind., April, 1857-April, '66; Princi- 
 pal of the Female Seminary in Xenia i866-'8; pastor of Madi- 
 son, Ind., July, 1868-Oct., '76; of Milroy and Vienna, Ind., 
 since Nov. 21, 1876; was President of the Board of Education 
 in Madison, Ind., for five years; was a member of the com- 
 mittee of the General Assembly on the new version of the 
 Psalms, and attended every meeting; also a member of the 
 committee which prepared the " Bible Songs." 
 HUTCHISON, Joseph Miller D. D. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 21, 1836, at Fredericksburg, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in i860, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed in Ap. , 1862, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained 
 May 5, '65, by Philadelphia; pastor of Tenth Ch., Philadel- 
 phia, May, 1865-N0V., '69; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 has been pastor in Jefferson ville, Ind., since 1871. 
 HUTCHISON, Samuel M. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 3, 1824, ^^ Taylorstown, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1848, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed April 14, 1852, by Second 
 Ohio Pres., and ordained Ap. 20, '54, by the same; was pas- 
 tor of Barlow and Bethel, Washington Co., O., Ap. 1854-7; 
 Mt. Vernon, O., 1860-June 16, '63; Ontario and Shelby, O. ; 
 i865-'7; Washington and Fairview, O., 1867, until death 
 July 13, 1874. 
 HUTCHISON, William Andrew: 
 
 Was born in Oct., 1837, near Sidney O. ; was graduated 
 at Miami University in 1863, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 12, 1865, by Sidney Pres., and ordained in 
 the spring of '67; pastor of Milroy, Ind., i867-'9; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. , and is now at Franklin, O. 
 HUTCHISON, William Ross: 
 
 Was born Sept. 19, 1829, near Oxford, Chester Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1857, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 27, i860, by Philadelphia 
 Pres., and ordained Sept., 10, '61, by Butler; pastor of Clin- 
 ton, Butler Co., Pa., Sept., 1861-June 25, '73; Ottawa, Kan., 
 Dec. 23, 1873-June 15, '85; Coldwater, Kan., Oct., 1886- 
 
388 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 IMBRIE, Dayid(A.)*: 
 
 Was born of Scotch parents, Aug. 28, 1777, in Philadelphia, 
 and while an infant was taken by his parents to Scotland, 
 where the family remained until some time after the termina- 
 tion of the war of independence, when they returned to this 
 country and settled in western Pennsylvania. He finished 
 his literary course in Canonsburg Academy a few months be- 
 fore it was chartered as Jefferson College, and was one of the 
 nine students who founded the "Franklin Literary Society." 
 Nov. 14, 1797; studied theology with Dr. John Anderson at 
 Service; was licensed Dec. 14, 1803, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 3, 1806, by the same; was pastor of Little 
 Beaver (now Bethel), Brush Run (now Darlington) and with 
 Big Beaver until Ap. 19, 1808, from his ordination until his 
 death. On Sabbath morning, June 13, 1842, he went to 
 Bethel Church, and soon after his arrival was stricken with 
 apoplexy, and died in the house of a member near by. Pub- 
 lication: A Defence, a trial in which he was charged by a 
 neighboring Presbyterian minister with misrepresenting him 
 in regard to the Sonship of Christ. 
 
 IMBRIE, David Reed (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. David; was born Jan. 24, 1812, at Darling- 
 ton, Beaver Co. , Pa. ; was educated at Darlington Academy 
 under Dr. George Scott, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed July 16, 1839, ^Y Ohio Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 26, '42, by Shenango; was installed at ordination as pastor of 
 New Wilmington, Mt. Prospect and New Castle, Pa. ; re- 
 signed the last in '47, and Mt. Prospect in '53, and New 
 Wilmington in '67. In 1870 he moved to Kansas and served 
 the Ottawa congregation as S. S. until his death Jan. 29, 
 1872. 
 
 IMBRIE, David Reed: 
 
 Son of Rev. David R. ; was born Ap. 7, 1849, at New Wil- 
 mington, Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1868, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1870, by 
 Chillicothe Pres., and ordained Jan. 25, '72, by Allegheny; 
 was pastor of Fleming and Mt. Nebo, Allegheny Co., Jan., 
 1872-Dec. 10, '72; of Harrisville, Harrison Co., O. , June 10, 
 
THE MINSITRY. 389 
 
 1873-Ap. 10, '']'j\ and pastor of Mt Nebo and Tally-Cavey, 
 Allegheny Co., since Ap. 9, 1878. 
 IMBRIE, John Johnston: 
 
 Son of the Rev. David R. ; was born June 29, 1844, at New 
 Wilmington, Pa. ; was educated at Westminster, and studied 
 theology at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 6, 1872, by the Gar- 
 nett Pres., and ordained, sine tittilo, Nov. 10, '75, by Wheel- 
 ing; S. S. at Brownsville and Pleasant Ridge, Monroe Co., 
 O., i875-'6; S. S. at Wampum, Lawrence Co., Pa., i876-'9; 
 and of Remmington, Harbor and Shenango i879-'82; Scotch 
 Hill, Ebenezer and W. Unity May 2, 1883- 
 
 IMBRIE, J. M. : 
 
 Was born in 1842, near Lowelville, Mahoning Co., O. ; was 
 educated at Westminster; studied law and practiced two years 
 at Rock Bluff, Neb., where he was ordained a ruling elder; 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1873, by 
 Nebraska Pres., and ordained Aug. 30, '75, by Butler; pastor 
 of Clinton and Shiloh, Butler Co., Pa., Aug. 1875-May 7, '78; 
 Mt. Zion, Armstrong Co., Pa., S. S. i883-'5, and pastor 1885- 
 
 INCHES, David: 
 
 Was born Oct. 18, 1834, in Perthshire, Scotland; was grad- 
 uated at Monmouth in 1868, and studied theology at Mon- 
 mouth; was licensed in June, 1868, by Ee Claire Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 30, '69, by Monmouth; pastor of Spring 
 Grove, 111., Sept., 1869-Feb. 17, '74; Third Ch., Monmouth, 
 Ap. 15, 1874- Aug. 27, '76; North Bend, Neb,, Aug. 30, 
 1877-Mar. 30, '87. 
 
 INGLES, James (A.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 10, 1821, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1845, and studied theology at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed in Ap., 1852, by the Richland Pres., and 
 ordained in Ap., '54, by Northern Illinois; was pastor at 
 Rock Run, 111., Ap., 1854-57; and has been at Scotland, Ind., 
 since Ap., 1858. 
 
 INGLES, Nathaniel (A.) *: 
 
 Nephew of Dr. John Anderson; was born near Service, 
 Beaver Co., Pa., May 5, 1798; was graduated at Jefferson in 
 1825, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed July 
 
390 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 2, 1828, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained July 14, '29, by the 
 same; was installed Sept. 17, 1831, pastor of Raccoon and 
 Burnett's Creek, Parke Co., Ind. ; resigned Raccoon (Portland 
 Mills), Ap., '35; out of Burnett's Creek was organized a new 
 congregation called Pleasant Run, he continued pastor of it 
 and Burnett's Creek until '44, when Pleasant Run was de- 
 mitted; resigned Burnett's Creek May 12, '59; itinerated till 
 '63, when he moved to Edina, Knox Co., Mo., where he died 
 Aug. 30, 1864, of paralysis. He did not go into the union of 
 1858, but remained with the Associate Synod. 
 
 IRONS, Andrew (A.)*: 
 
 Was born July 17, 1820, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Washington, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was li- 
 censed Oct. 29, 1850, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained in the 
 autumn of '53 by Detroit; pastor of Bruce, Mich., 1853-8; ot 
 Portersville and Mountville, Butler Co., Pa., Nov., 1859- 
 Dec. 27, '63, at which latter date he died. 
 
 IRONS, Davidson William: 
 
 Was born Sept. 11, 1848, at New Sheffield, Beaver Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1872, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed June 16, 1874, by Frankfort 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 4, '83, by Sidney; pastor at Gilead, 
 Wood Co., O., Sept. 4, 1883-Sept. 16, '84; Barlow, O., since 
 Aug. 13, 1885. 
 
 IRONS, John Douds: 
 
 Was born Aug. 11, 1842, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology at Xenia 
 and Allegheny; was licensed July 11, 1872, by Frankfort 
 Pres., and ordained May 13, '73, by Monongahela; pastor of 
 Verona, Westmoreland Co., May, 1873-June 28, '87; was 
 Tutor or Prof, in Westminster i87o-'2; President of Mus- 
 kingum College since Sept., 1887. Served as a private in 
 One Hundred and Fortieth Pennsylvania Volunteers Aug. 15, 
 1862-June 3, '65; was in twenty-one regular battles, and was 
 on the front at Lee's surrender. 
 
 IRONS, William Dickson: 
 
 Brother of John D. ; was born July 16, 1852, at New Shef- 
 field, Beaver Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1875, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 39I 
 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed July 8, 1879, 
 by Frankfort Pres., and ordained June 29, '80, by Mononga- 
 hela; pastor of McDonald, Allegheny Co., since ordination. 
 IRVINE, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1797 in Jacksop, Washington Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Union in 1819, and studied theology with 
 Dr. Banks in Philadelphia; was licensed in Sept., 1822, by 
 Miami Pres., and ordained July 7, '24, by Cambridge; was 
 pastor of West Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., July, 1824- 
 Sept, '31; Second Ch., New York, Nov. 17, 1831, until his 
 death, Nov. 25, 1835. "An eloquent and faithful and un- 
 usually successful preacher of Christ's gospel." 
 IRVINE, John (A. R.): 
 
 Was received Sept. 29, 1853, by the Presbytery of Butler 
 from "the Presbytery of New Brunswick, adhering to the 
 Westminster Confession of Faith." After traveling two years 
 among the churches he received a certificate to join some other 
 church. 
 
 IRVINE, Samuel, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born June 25, 1787, at Dergh Bridge, Tyrone county, 
 Ireland; his parents came to the U. S. in 1788, and in 1796 
 settled in Huntingdon Co. , Pa. ; was educated at Jefferson, 
 and studied theology with Dr. John Anderson at Service; was 
 licensed Aug. 12, 1819, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained 
 Feb. 28, '21, by Chartiers; was installed at ordination as pas- 
 tor of Salt Creek, Wooster, Newman's Creek, and Mohecan, 
 O. After some time, as the population and membership in- 
 creased, he resigned the last two, and in '37 he resigned Woos- 
 ter, and in its stead took charge of Millersburg until 1852. 
 On the ist of Ap., '6i, he tendered the resignation of Salt 
 Creek, but before Presbytery had time to act in the matter he 
 died on the 22d of April. 
 
 IRVINE, Samuel Glasgow, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Son of the Rev. Dr. Samuel; was born Aug. 14, 1826, at 
 Wooster, O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1845, ^^^^ studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed July 9, 1850, by Musk- 
 ingum Pres., and ordained Mar. 12, '51, by the same; was 
 President of Muskingum College 1850-51; was installed 
 
392 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Nov. 20, 1852, as pastor of Willamette, in Linn Co., Oregon, 
 and also of Albany, Linn Co., in June, 1857; resigned Wil- 
 lamette in Nov. , ' 74, and still retains Albany. He was Mod- 
 erator of the General Assembly of 1878. 
 
 IRVING, Clark (A. R.):. 
 
 Was born May 10, 1810, in county Armagh, Ireland. His 
 parents came to the U. S. in 1813, and settled at Montgom- 
 ery, N. Y. , where he was brought up. He was graduated at 
 Union in 1838, and studied theology at Newburgh; was li- 
 censed in the spring of 1841 by New York Pres. ; had charge 
 of the classical school in Newburgh in connection with the 
 Theological Seminary i84i-'6; was ordained Sept. 9, '46, 
 sine titulo^ by Saratoga; was pastor of Kortright, Delaware 
 Co., N. Y., as assistant and successor of the Rev. William 
 McAuley, June 16, 1847-Sept., '70; had charge of the class- 
 ical department of Stamford Academy i870-'6, and then re- 
 tired to Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y. 
 
 IRWIN, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was in his youth a resident of South Carolina, and most 
 likely pursued his studies privately. He was licensed in May, 
 1802, by the Second Pres. of the Carolinas, and ordained in 
 Dec. following by the same; was pastor of Generostee and 
 Diamond Hill 1804-14; of Generostee and Rocky Springs 
 1816, until his death in the spring of '24. A man of many 
 excellencies and much beloved, but very tedious in all his ex- 
 ercises. His friend and neighbor, the Rev. Alex. Porter, 
 while sitting behind him in the pulpit, once tried to stop him 
 in a sermon, and several times pulled his coat and showed 
 him his watch. But it was no use; the reply of the good man 
 was, "But I hasten," and then branching out upon a new 
 theme he would entirely forget the hint. Very frequently the 
 twilight of the Sabbath evening would find him still in his 
 pulpit. 
 
 ISAAC, Andrew (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Carrs Croft, near Perth, Scotland, in 1789; 
 was educated and licensed in his native country, and came to 
 the U. S. in 1819, and was ordained Oct. 31, '20, by Char- 
 tiers Pres. ; was pastor of Carmel and connections, Ind. , 
 
THE MINISTRY. 393 
 
 i820-'7; of Londonderry and Sharon, O., Sept. 17, 1827, 
 until his death Sept. 12, 1840, which was very sudden and 
 quiet, for Mrs. Isaac waked in the morning and found him 
 dead by her side. 
 
 JACK, Alexander B. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1834, and principally educated in Scotland; 
 came to the U. S. in 1855, and attended two winters at New- 
 burgh; was licensed May 6, 1857, ^Y New York Pres,, and 
 ordained on the 25th of the following month by the same, 
 and at the same time installed pastor of the Union Ch., New- 
 burgh, N. Y. ; declined going into the union of 1858; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch., and when pastor at Hazleton, Luzerne 
 Co., Pa., died May 21, 1886. 
 
 JACKSON, Hugh Park: 
 
 Was born Ap. 18, 1836, at Cedarville, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1859, and studied theology at Xenia and 
 Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 28, 1865, by Xenia Pres., and 
 ordained Dec. 19, '65, by the Lake; was pastor at Waterford, 
 Erie Co., Pa., Dec. 19, 1865-Sept. 19, '69; was superintend- 
 ent of schools at Cedarville i872-'75; was installed Ap. 12, 
 1876, as pastor at Carmel, Jefferson Co., Ind. Publication: 
 Farewell Sermon at Waterford. 
 
 JACKSON, Hugh Thomas: 
 
 Was born Oct. 10, 1849, ^^ Baltimore, Md. ; was graduated 
 at Muskingum in 1880, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 18, 1883, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 Nov. 15, '83, by Concordia; pastor of Concordia, Kan., since 
 ordination. 
 
 JACKSON, Joseph Buffington: 
 
 Was born Nov. 21, 1845, '^^^^ Apollo, Armstrong Co., Pa.; 
 saw service in the civil war; was graduated at Washington 
 and Jefferson in 1869, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Sept. 5, 1871, by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 8, '73, by the same; was installed pastor of Greensburg 
 and Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., Pa., Ap. 8, 1873, and re- 
 leased from Greensburg Dec. 21, '75, and from Latrobe Ap. 
 10, ^yy; pastor of Shelocta and Elderton, Armstrong Co., Pa., 
 since Dec. 11, 1877. 
 25 
 
394 '^H^^ MINISTRY. 
 
 JACKSON, WiLUAM Cunningham (A.)*: 
 
 Was born at Cedarville, O., Dec. 21, 1827; was graduated 
 at Centre College, Ky., in 1848, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed in Nov., 1852, by Miami Pres., and 
 ordained Feb. 7, '54, by Slienango; pastor of Greenville, 
 Mercer Co., Pa., Feb., 1854-July 2, '61; of Chicago, 1861- 
 Mar., '68, and of the Fourth United Presbyterian congrega- 
 tion in Philadelphia Mar., 1868, until his death, which re- 
 sulted from a cancer Dec. 22, 1878. 
 
 JAMIESON, Alvin W. : 
 
 Was born July 16, 1861, near Davenport, la.; was gradu- 
 ated in 1882 at Monmouth, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. i, 1884, by Le Claire Pres., and or- 
 dained Aug. 25, '85, by Monmouth; pastor of Gerlaw, Warren 
 Co., Ill, Aug., 1885- 
 
 JAMIESON, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born at Thornhill, south of Glasgow, in Scotland, in 
 1747; was graduated at St. Andrew's University, and studied 
 theology with John Brown, of Haddington; was licensed and 
 ordained by a Burgher Presbytery; came to this country in 
 the autumn of 1783, and in Nov. of the same year united 
 with the Asso. Ref. Ch. ; was pastor of Big Spring congrega- 
 tion at Newville, Pa., Sept. 22, 1784-spring of '92; was in- 
 stalled Oct. II, 1793, as pastor of Hannastown and its con- 
 nections in the present counties of Westmoreland and Indiana, 
 Pa. ; was released from Hannastown and Bethel and gave all 
 his time to Loyalhanna and Conemaugh, Aug. 12, 1795; was 
 deposed by Synod in 1797 for false and injurious abuse of the 
 Synod and some of its members, and for errors in doctrine in 
 reference to faith and the offer of the gospel to the reprobate. 
 He continued to reside upon his farm in Indiana Co. , and died 
 July I, 1821, from paralysis. He was appointed by his Pres- 
 bytery as Instructor in Theology, and Alex. Porter, Alex. 
 McCoy and David Proudfit studied theology with him. Pub- 
 lication: An Account of the Disputes between the Associate 
 Reformed Synod and the Rev. John Jamieson, 1800. 
 
 JAMIESON, Jesse Mitchel, D. D. : 
 Was born near Fairfield, Westmoreland Co., Pa., July 30, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 395 
 
 1831; was graduated in 1856 at Westminster and studied the- 
 ology in Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1859, ^Y ^^^ United 
 Presbyterian Pres. , of Allegheny, and ordained May i, '60, 
 by Steubenville; was installed pastor May 20, i860, of Piny 
 Fork, Harrison Co., O., and is still in charge. Prof, of Lan- 
 guages in Hopedale College, 1 873-' 80. Publications : A Ser- 
 mon on Slavery, 1863; a Sermon on Regeneration, in 1870. 
 
 JAMISON, John (A. R.): 
 
 Brother of Samuel; was born Aug. 2, 1823, "^^^ West Mid- 
 dletown, Washington Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 
 1850, and studied theology in Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 12, 1853, by the Pres., of Steubenville, and ordained Aug. 21, 
 '55, by Butler; was pastor of Freeport and connections Aug., 
 1855-60; was S. S. in the oil regions, Kerr Ridge, etc., 
 i864-'5; was installed Ap. 14, 1868, pastor of Gettysburg, in 
 Adams Co., Pa., and Duncannon, Perry Co.; resigned the 
 Duncannon branch July i, '74, and took charge of Hopewell, 
 in York Co. ; resigned Gettysburg Sept. 30, 1884. 
 
 JAMISON, Robert Addison: 
 
 Was born at West Middletown, Washington Co., Pa. ; was 
 graduated in 1874 at Westminster, and studied theology at 
 Princeton and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1877, by the 
 Beaver Valley Pres., and ordained Sept. 3, '78, by West- 
 moreland, and installed pastor of Apollo and Union, in Arm- 
 strong Co., Pa. 
 
 JAMISON, Samuel (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 2, 1820, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Washington in 1843, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1847, by Steubenville Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 16, '48, by Blairsville; was pastor of 
 Bethesda, Allegheny Co., Pa., Aug, 16, 1848-Dec., '66; of 
 Warrensburg, Johnston Co., Mo., Aug., 1868-Mar. '70; 
 Guinston, York Co., Pa., since April 25, 1871. 
 JAMISON, William Humphrey (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was bom in 1820, in county Derry, Ireland; educated in 
 Belfast, and at Canonsburg Pa., and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 30, 1845, by Steubenville Pres., 
 and ordained June 23, '46, by the same; was pastor of Me- 
 
396 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 chanicstown, Yellow Creek and New Lebanon, O., June, 
 i846-'54; joined the Free Church, and was pastor in Darling- 
 ton, Beaver Co., Pa., for three years; returned to the Asso. 
 Ref. Church, and was pastor of Evansburg and White Oak 
 Springs, Butler Co., Pa., from 1858, resigning the former 
 in '62, and the latter Jan. 16, '78. Died at New Lisbon, O., 
 Ap. 13, 1886. 
 
 JEFFERS, Eliakim Tupper, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 6, 1841, at Upper Stewiacke, Nova Scotia ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1862, and studied theology at 
 Princeton and Allegheny; was licensed Dec. 28, 1864, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained Sept. 25, '65, by Philadel- 
 phia; was pastor of Oxford, Chester Co., Pa., Sept., 1865- 
 July 31, '72; President of Westminster College, Sept. 25, 
 i872-'83; was Moderator of the General Assembly of 1880; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., in 1883, and became Prof, of 
 Theology in Lincoln University, Pa. Publication: God Re- 
 vealed in Christ, a Sermon, 1881. 
 
 JEFFERS, William Hamilton, D. D. LL. D. 
 
 Was born May i, 1838, at Cadiz, O. ; was graduated at 
 Geneva College, O., in 1855, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed in May, 1859, by Sidney Pres., and ordained 
 Nov. II, '62, by the same; pastor of Bellefontaine and North- 
 wood, O., Nov., 1862-June, '65; Prof, of Latin and Hebrew 
 in Westminster College, Jan., 1867-July, '69; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. ; was Prof, of Greek in the Wooster University, 
 O., Sept., 1870-Mar., '75; pastor of the Euclid Avenue Pres., 
 Church in Cleveland, O., Ap., 1875-June, '^y, Prof, of Old 
 Testament Literature in the Western Theo. Sem. , Allegheny 
 (Presbyterian), since autumn of 1877. 
 
 JENKINS, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 "A gentleman of liberal education and extensive theologi- 
 cal knowledge, who was in the employment of the Northern 
 Missionary Society as schoolmaster and catechist among the 
 Oneida Indians, was taken on trial for licensure" by the 
 Presbytery of Saratoga in 1808; he was also ordained in Feb., 
 1809, by the same, and labored as a domestic missionary un- 
 til Jan. 26, '19, when, having accepted a call to the pastorate 
 
THE MINISTRY. 397 
 
 of the Burger congregation at Markham, Upper Canada, he 
 was transferred to the Burgher Church of Canada. 
 
 JENNB, Oscar: 
 
 Was educated and ordained in the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and joined the Presbytery of Monmouth in 1875; was 
 S. S. at Mission Creek, Neb., 1876-7; soon afterward retired 
 from the church, and is residing on a farm in the vicinity ot 
 Mission Creek. 
 JOHNSON, RuFus: 
 
 Was born Dec. 19, 1837, at Chillicothe, O. ; was graduated 
 at the Urbana Collegiate Institute, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed June 15, 1866, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained June 15, '69, by Monmouth; pastor of Pleasant Hill, 
 Guernsey Co., O., June, 1869-Ap. 8, '73; of Elvira, la., Dec. 
 9, 1874-Feb. 9, '76; Spring Grove, near Monmouth, 111., 
 1876-May 15, '80. 
 
 JOHNSTON, Andrew (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1809; came to the 
 U. S. in 1829, ^"^ settled with a sister in Geneva, N. Y., 
 where he attended for some time at Hobart College, and then 
 commenced the study of law. He soon changed his views 
 and aims of life, and studied theology at Newburgh; was 
 licensed May 16, 1837, by New York Pres., and ordained in 
 the autumn of the same year by Saratoga; was pastor of West 
 Charlton, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 1837-May 16, '55; was S. S. 
 at Hobart, N. Y. , one year; joined the Presbyterian Ch. in 
 1856, and was pastor in Hopewell, Orange Co., N. Y., for a 
 number of years; joined the Reformed Dutch Ch. in 1872, 
 and was pastor at Glenville, near Schenectady, N. Y., 1872- 
 '5; retired to Schenectady and died there March 20, 1880. 
 
 JOHNSTON, Henry H. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 24, 1819, in Chillicothe, O. ; was graduated 
 at Miami in 1840, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 20, 1843, by Chillicothe Pres. , and ordained, sine 
 titiilo^ in the autumn of '44 by Illinois; pastor in St. Louis 
 1845-Ap. '47; of Sugar Creek, Greene Co., O., June, 1848- 
 Ap. 8, '51; S. S. in Dayton for some time; East Boston, Mass., 
 Jan., 1857-Sept. 8, '58; declined going into the union of 
 
398 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 1858, and entered the Reformed Dutch Ch., and was pastor 
 of Hastings-on-the-Hudson i86i-'5, and S. S. at Leyden 
 Centre, 111., 1867-May, '80. Died suddenly at St. Edward, 
 Boone Co., Neb., Jan. 18, 1881, of pulmonary apoplexy. Pub- 
 lication: The Attitude of the Church in the Work of Mis- 
 sions, a Sermon before General Synod of 1850, Vol. I., Asso- 
 Ref Pulpit. 
 
 JOHNSTON, James, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1784 in York Co., Pa.; was graduated at 
 Washington in 1814, and studied theology in New York under 
 Dr. Mason; was licensed June 27, 182 1, by Monongahela 
 Pres. , and ordained May 2, '22, by the same; was pastor of 
 Mansfield and Lexington, O., May, i822-'5i, and died in 
 York Co., Pa., March 12, 1858. 
 JOHNSTON, Jeremiah Rankin, D. D. : 
 
 Was born near Mercersburg, in Franklin Co., Pa., Mar. 21, 
 1836; was graduated at Westminster in 1859, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1861, by Big 
 Spring Pres., and ordained June 18, '63, by Chartiers, to the 
 pastorate of Washington, Pa., which he still retains; was dele- 
 gate to the Presbyterian Council of 1884. He has written 
 voluminously for the papers of the United Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 JOHNSTON, John Black, D. D.*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 13, 1802, in Indiana Co., Pa., and was 
 reared in the Covenanter Church; was graduated at Franklin 
 in 1830, and studied theology in the Ref Pres. Seminary at 
 Pittsburgh ; was licensed by the Ref Pres. Presbytery of Pitts- 
 burgh in 1832, and ordained in June, 1834, by the Western 
 Presbytery; was pastor of Miami, Logan Co., O., i834-'45; 
 missionary to Hayti; joined the United Presbyterian Pres. of 
 Sidney in Nov., 1858; pastor of St. Clairsville, O., July, 
 1859-June 9, '74; remained without charge at St. Clairsville 
 until his death, Oct. 24, 1882. Publication: The Prayer 
 Meeting, i2mo. 
 
 JOHNSTON, JosiAH Melanchthon*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 12, 1830, in Westmoreland Co., Pa., and 
 reared in the Covenanter Church; was graduated at Geneva 
 
THE MINISTRY. 399 
 
 College, O., in 1854, and studied theology in the Ref. Pres. 
 Seminary, and also in the Asso. Ref. at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 20, 1858, by the Presbytery of Pittsburgh (Ref, 
 Pres.), and ordained Ap. 20, '59, by the Rochester Pres. of 
 the same church; was pastor at Syracuse, N. Y., Ap., 1859- 
 Sept., '66; was missionary among the Freedmen in Natchez, 
 Miss., i865-'6, and at Washington, D. C, i866-'7o; pastor 
 at Parnassus, Westmoreland Co., Pa., and Manchester City, 
 1871-2; joined the United Presbyterian Church in Jan., 1873, 
 and was pastor of the Central Ch., Allegheny, Jan., 1873- 
 June 16, '74; of Fifth Ch., Pittsburgh, Nov. 19, 1874-Oct., 
 '78; of Morning Sun, O., Ap. i, 1879, until his death, July 
 3, 1881. 
 
 JOHNSTON, J. W11.LIAM: 
 
 Was born Aug. 23, 1849, ^^ Millersburg, O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1875, and studied theology at Newburgh; 
 was licensed in May, 1877, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 16, 1878, by Des Moines; pastor of Lenox and Platte 
 Valley, la., Nov. 11, 1878-Ap. 28, '83; Platte Valley and 
 Lenox, Dec. 22, '85- 
 
 JOHNSTON, Joseph (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was a minister of the Presbyterian Ch. and S. S. of the 
 congregations of Bear Creek, Unity and Lawrenceburg, in 
 Butler Co., Pa., when he united with the Lake Pres. in May, 
 1834. His congregations came into the Asso. Ref. Ch. with 
 him, and his relations towards them as S. S. continued. In 
 the summer of 1835 he visited his friends in Europe, and 
 never returned. 
 
 JOHNSTON, MoSES R. (Colored)*: 
 
 Step-son of Titus Basfield; was graduated at Westminster 
 in 1868, and licensed by Monmouth Pres. ; took charge of the 
 Mission at Nashville, Tenn., under the Freedmen' s Board in 
 the summer of '69, and as a licentiate supplied the congrega- 
 tion; was ordained Nov. 3, '69, by the Pres. of Tennessee. 
 He continued in his relation to the Mission until '72, when 
 he left it and joined the Presbyterian Ch., and died Ap. 30, 
 1877, at Baton Rouge, La. 
 
400 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 JOHNSTON, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Came in 1817 as a licentiate from Ireland; first joined the 
 Presbyterian Pres. of Albany, and then the Asso. Ref. Pres. 
 of Saratoga, Jan. 4, 1818, by which he was ordained Feb. 19, 
 '18; labored a short time among the churches, and then passed 
 to some other denomination. 
 
 JOHNSTON, William, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 18, 1831, in Belmont Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Madison College, O., in 1849, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Nov. 15, 1854, by Second Pres. of 
 Ohio, and ordained Ap. 23, '56, by the same; pastor of Wash- 
 ington and New Salem, O. , Ap., 1856-Ap., '66; of Monroe, 
 la., Ap., 1867-N0V., '70; Spring Hill, Ind., May, 1871-Dec., 
 '76; College Springs, la., since July 11, 1877; Moderator of 
 the Gen. Ass. of 1885. 
 
 JOHNSTON, William F. : 
 
 Was born Aug. 19, 1856, at Andrew, la. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1882, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Aug 26, 1884, by Le Claire Pres., and ordained Oct. 
 27, '85, by the same; pastor of Clarence and Stanwood, la., 
 since ordination. 
 
 JOHNSTONE, William O., D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 17, 1822, at Coote Hill, Ireland; was gradu- 
 ated at Belfast College and Seminary; was licensed in July, 
 1844, by Banbridge Presbytery, and ordained Dec. 25, '45, by 
 the Pres. of Northumberland, in England; was pastor of 
 Blythe, Northumberland, i845-'5i; came to the U. S. in 
 1851, joined the Asso. Ref. Ch., and was pastor in Kensing- 
 ton, Philadelphia, from 1851 till his death. In Nov., 1852, 
 passed to the Presbyterian Ch. and took the congregation with 
 him. Died Jan. 16, 1883. 
 
 JONES, Dargo Bliss (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born 'in 1806 in Massachsetts; was graduated at the 
 Western University in 1838, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 1842, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 30, '43, by Big Spring; was pastor of 
 Lower Chanceford and Hopewell, York Co., Pa., 1843-Ap, 
 30, '47; of Harris ville and Caledonia, Ritchie Co., W. Va., 
 
THE MINISTRY. 4OI 
 
 Oct. 6, i849-'55; S. S. at Concord, Franklin Co., Pa., 1856- 
 Ap., '60; retired to Monmouth, 111., where he died Mar. 27, 
 
 JUNKIN, Anthony Cannon (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 28, 1829, in Greene Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Miami in 1852, and studied theology at Oxford; was licensed 
 Ap. 7, 1854, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ 
 May 6, '56, by Boston; labored as an evangelist principally 
 in Lowell, Mass., and New York city. Joined the Presbyte- 
 rian Ch. in June, 1859, ^'^^ filled several pastorates, and is 
 now at Downs, Kan. 
 
 JUNKIN, Georgk, D. D., LL. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born near New Kingston, Cumberland Co., Pa., Nov. 
 I, 1790; was graduated at Jefferson in 1813, and studied the- 
 ology in the Seminar)/ in New York; was licensed by the 
 Asso. Ref. Pres. of Monongahela Sept. 11, 1816, and was or- 
 dained at Gettysburg, sine titiilo^ by the Pres. of Philadel- 
 phia June 29, '18; was pastor of Milton and Pennel, North- 
 umberland Co., Pa., 1819-1830; joined the Presbyterian Ch. 
 at the union of 1822; was Principal of the Pennsylvania Labor 
 Academy, Germantown, i830-'32; President of Lafayette 
 College, Easton, Pa., 1832-41, and i844-'48; President of 
 Miami University, Oxford, O., 1841-44, President of Wash- 
 ington College, Lexington, Va., i848-'6i; died in Philadel- 
 phia May 20, 1868. Publications: The Vindication, or his- 
 tory of the trial of Albert Barnes; A Treatise on Justification; 
 Lectures on the Prophecies; The Great Apostacy; Political 
 Fallacies; A Treatise on Sanctification ; The Tabernacle, or 
 the Gospel according to Moses. He edited the Religious 
 Farmer i828-'9, and The Educator in 1838, and published 
 some Sermons and Addresses. 
 
 KANE, William Patterson: 
 
 Was born Ap. 13, 1847, ^^ Scroggsfield, O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1871, and studied theology at Newburgh; 
 was licensed Sept. 13, 1872, by Steubenville Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 28, ''']-}^^ by Argyle; pastor of Argyle, Washing- 
 ton Co., N. Y., from ordination till May 6, 1884. Joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch., and is at Lafayette, Ind. 
 
402 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 KATZ, Oliver: 
 
 Was born Dec. 17, 1827, i^ Plum township, Allegheny Co. , 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1851, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 15, 1855, by Westmoreland 
 Pres., and ordained Dec. 31, '61, by the same; pastor of Salts- 
 burg and New Alexandria, Indiana Co., Pa., from ordination 
 till Dec. 21, 1886. 
 KEELING, W. B. (A. R.): 
 
 Pastor in Wenona, Marshall Co, 111., 1865-7. 
 KELSO, James (A. R.): 
 
 Was born May 28, 1824, near Noblestown, in Allegheny 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1846, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed June 27, 1849, ^V Mononga- 
 hela Pres., and ordained May 25, '52, by Blairsville; installed 
 pastor of Bethel and Unity, Allegheny Co. , at ordination ; was 
 released from the former in Ap., '65, and from the latter Jan. 
 I, '72; pastor of McKeesport, Allegheny Co., June 19, 1877- 
 Dec. '15,85. 
 KENDALL, Clark (A. R.): 
 
 Was born near Xenia, O., and was graduated at Miami 
 University in 1845, ^"^ studied theology at Oxford; was li- 
 censed in Ap. 1848, by Springfield Pres., and ordained June 
 20, '50, by the Lake; was pastor in Buffalo, N. Y., June 1850- 
 Ap. 23, '72; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and after a short 
 pastorate in Western New York retired to Xenia, O. 
 
 KENDALL, John (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of Dr. T. S. ; was born in Greene Co. , O. ; was edu- 
 cated at Jefferson and studied theology with Dr. Anderson; 
 declined licensure in 1815, and became editor of a secular 
 newspaper in Xenia, O. After an editorial career of ten or 
 twelve years he changed his mind and took licensure Aug. 28, 
 1827, from the Pres. of Chartiers, and was ordained Aug. 20, 
 '28, by Philadelphia. He was soon afterward attacked by 
 catalepsy, which disqualified him for ministerial labor. After 
 living for some years in a secluded state, he died, 
 
 KENDALL, Thomas Simpson, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 14, 1809, near Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Jefferson in 1830, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 
THE MINISTRY. 403 
 
 licensed June 26, 1834, by Miami Pres., and ordained Dec. 
 26, '34, by the same; was pastor in Blount Co., Tenn., May, 
 i836-'42. 
 
 In May, 1831, the Asso. Synod passed its final act upon the 
 subject of slavery, in which it excluded from its communion 
 all slaveholders. This produced considerable dissatisfaction 
 throughout the church, and particularly in the South. A 
 letter explanatory, and yet enforcing the act, was addressed 
 by the Synod of 1840 to the people under the care of the 
 Pres. of the Carolinas. Mr, Kendall was about the only min- 
 ister who was willing to undertake the publication of that 
 letter in the congregations of the South, and he was by no 
 means anxious to do so, but as his motto was to go wherever 
 duty called, he consented. In the summer of 1840 he visited 
 the congregations in South Carolina, and although excluded 
 frequently from their pulpits, he read and explained the letter 
 wherever he could get the people assembled. The result was 
 not conciliation but excitement, which finally culminated in 
 a riot at Smyrna, S. C, when "certain lewd fellows of the 
 baser sort " gave him a coat of tar and feathers and dismissed 
 him from the State. This purged the Asso. Ch. of the sin of 
 slaveholding, and at the same time entirely extinguished 
 the Pres. of the Carolinas. 
 
 After leaving Tennessee he preached for some time in Ran- 
 dolph and Warren counties, in 111., and then received a call 
 from West Point, la. While here, and before his installation, 
 he consented to join a small party of Seceders from Illinois, 
 wdio had arranged to emigrate overland to the Territory of 
 Oregon. They started in Ap., 1845, ^^^ suffered great hard- 
 ships on the journey from scarcity of provisions and means 
 of transportation. He finally separated from the party and 
 procured ponies from the Indians to carry his goods and two 
 little motherless daughters, and, he on foot, they crossed the 
 mountains to Oregon. One time they were on the very brink 
 of starvation when Mr. Kendall, in wading a mountain 
 stream, providentially stumbled over a fine large salmon, 
 which he succeeded in kicking on land. He arrived at Ore- 
 gon City Nov. the nth, took up a claim, built a cabin, and 
 labored at splitting rails for his neighbors to procure the 
 
404 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 means of living. Yet every Sabbath, clothed in buckskin 
 garments of his own make, he preached the gospel wherever 
 he could assemble a few hearers. 
 
 In 1848 he moved up to Linn county, and just then the gold 
 fever broke out in California, and being in abject poverty he 
 started for the Sacramento and washed for gold all winter. 
 He was successful in his labors, but he loaned out his gains, 
 and when spring came and he wished to return home he 
 could only get a herd of cattle in return, and to convert them 
 into money he was compelled to spend the summer and 
 autumn in butchering. After fifteen months' absence he re- 
 turned to Oregon with some nine thousand dollars, which 
 secured ample comforts for his family ever afterward. He 
 immediately resumed work in the church, and in July, 1850, 
 he organized the congregation of Willamette, and in 1854 the 
 congregation of Calipooia, near his home, and in 1856 the 
 congregation of Harmony, ten miles distant. To these last 
 two he ministered during the remainder of his life. 
 
 Although tall in stature, erect in form, and possessing an 
 unusually vigorous constitution, his labors and hardships 
 finally bore their appropriate fruit, and in 1868 his health be- 
 gan to fail. In the spring of 1870 he came east to recruit and 
 to attend the meeting of the General Assembly, to the Mod- 
 eratorship of which he was unanimously chosen. Autumn 
 found him worse instead of better, and he hastened home, 
 where he arrived on Saturday, the 12th, of Nov. but the 
 Sabbath found him too ill to preach, and he gradually sunk 
 until the 5th of Dec, when he died. 
 
 Had Dr. Kendall's surroundings been more favorable, and 
 his opportunities for study better, he would have been one of 
 the most remarkable men of the church. As it was, he had 
 but few superiors as a preacher. His mind was strong and 
 quick, so that in argument and doctrinal discussion he was 
 very apt, and he often debated in public and was never 
 worsted. He was brilliant as well as strong; eloquent in the 
 best sense of the word. His imagination was excellent and 
 his power of description wonderful, and his audience moved 
 to tears was no unusual sight. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 405 
 
 KENNEDY, David Stewart, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 25, 1834, at Yoiingstown, O. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1858, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 4, 1861, by Mercer Pres., and ordained Sept. 
 4, '62, by Chartiers; was pastor of Centre, Washington Co., 
 Pa., Sept., 1862-Oct. 16, '72; of Sewickly, Allegheny Co., 
 Dec. 10, 1872-June II, '78; and of Somonauk, 111., since 
 Sept. 5, 1878. 
 KENNEDY, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1768 in Ireland, and educated in Scotland; 
 came to the U. S., in 1796 as a licentiate from one of the 
 Asso. Presbyteries of Ireland, and followed Messrs. Arm- 
 strong and Fulton to Kentucky in 1798; spent several years 
 in missionary work in Knox, Washington, Cocke and Blount 
 counties, Tenn., and in 1807 was ordained by the Pres., of 
 Kentucky; was pastor of Salem, Tenn., and connections 
 1807-Ap. 24, '26; died in 1827. 
 KENNEDY, James Armstrong: 
 
 Was born Jan. 27, 1848, at Harrison, Louisa Co., la.; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1873, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed June 14, 1876, by Keokuk Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 5, '78, by Indiana; pastor of Madison, Ind., 
 Sept., 5, 1878-Ap. 18, '83; 2d Ch., New Wilmington, Pa., 
 Feb. 4, 1884- Two years County Superintendent of Schools. 
 Publication: A Manual and Course of Study for Common 
 Schools. 
 KENNEDY, Joseph Gilfillen: 
 
 Was born Sept. 24, 1852, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Monmouth in 1880, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed June 29, 1882, by Le Claire Pres., and 
 ordained June 24, '84, by Steubenville; pastor of Wellsville, 
 O., since ordination. 
 KENNEDY, Thomas J., D. D.: 
 
 Was born Feb. i, 1832, in Beaver Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1852, and studied theology at Xenia; was li- 
 censed June 15, 1858, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Sept. 
 6, '59, by Lake; pastor of Jamestown and Kinsman, Mercer 
 Co., Sept., 1859-66; Fredericksburg, O., June 1866-Nov., '69; 
 Steubenville, O., Jan. 13, i87C^Ap. 9, '73; of Des Moines, la., 
 
4o6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 June 9, 1878-Ap. II, '83; Principal of Hookstown Academy 
 1853-5; of Beaver Seminary 1875-7; President of Amity 
 College since 1883- 
 
 KERR, David Reynolds, D. D., LL. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Son of Rev. Dr. Joseph; was born Mar. 31, 181 7, in Alle- 
 gheny Co., Pa. ; was graduated at the Western University in 
 1837, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 
 1840, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ Jan. 
 21, '42, by the same; accepted a call from the First Asso. Ref. 
 Ch. of Pittsburgh Ap. 16, '44, but declined installation for 
 a time because of feeble health, and returned the call June 
 24, '45. Has been Prof, of Ecclesiastical History and Church 
 Government in the Theo. Sem. at Allegheny since 1851; 
 has been chief editor of the United Presbyterian since 1845; 
 and editor and publisher of the United Presbyterian Review 
 i860-' I ; was Moderator of the Gen. Ass. of 1866, and delegate 
 to the Pan- Presbyterian Councils of 1877 and 1880. 
 
 KERR, George: 
 
 Was born Dec. 22, 1856, in Grafton, Mass. ; was graduated 
 in 1881 at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, [and studied 
 theology in the United Presbyterian Hall in Edinburgh; was 
 licensed in 1885 by the United Presbyterian Pres. of Edin- 
 burgh, and ordained Ap. 14, '86, by Boston; S. S. Chicopee, 
 Mass., Ap., 1886, and pastor from Ap. 12, '87. 
 
 KERR, James Erwin: 
 
 Was born Ap. 10, 1840, in Homes Co., O. ; was educated at 
 Maumee city, O. , and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 Ap. 6, 1881, by Sidney Pres., and ordained Feb. 28, '82, by 
 the same ; pastor of Canonsburg and Buckland, Hancock Co. , 
 O., Feb. 1882-June 24, '84; Silver Creek, Hardin Co., O., 
 Oct. 5, 1885- 
 
 KERR, John Finley (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 18 13 in Brown Co., O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami in 1838, and studied theology at Allegheny and Ox- 
 ford; was licensed Ap. 22, 1841, by Chillicothe Pres, and or- 
 dained in '43 by Indiana; was pastor at Oswego, Kosciusko 
 Co., Ind., from his ordination until his death, which occurred 
 Oct. 21, 1851. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 407 
 
 KERR, Joseph, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of a Burgher minister of the same name; was born in 
 1778 in county Derr>', Ireland; was graduated at Glasgow 
 University in 1798, and studied theology for a time with the 
 Rev. Dr. Rogers, of Ballybay, a Burgher minister. In 1801 
 he came to the U. S. and tarried for a season near Newville, 
 Pa., and studied theology under the direction of the First 
 Asso. Ref. Pres., of Pennsylvania. In 1802 he removed to 
 Western Pennsylvania, and was licensed Ap. 27, 1803, by 
 the Pres. of Monongahela, and ordained Ap. 25, '04, by the 
 same; was installed Oct. 17, '04, as pastor of Mifflin and St. 
 Clair, near Pittsburgh ; was released Nov. i8, 'i8, from Mifflin, 
 and June 22, '25, from St. Clair; was pastor of the Asso. Ref. 
 Ch., in Pittsburgh from Oct., 1825, ^i^til his death, which 
 took place Nov. 15, 1829, from bilious colic. In 1825 ^^^ 
 Synod of the west founded a Theological Seminary at Pitts- 
 burgh, (since transferred to Allegheny,) and Dr. Kerr was its 
 first Professor. His annual salary as Professor was $200, all 
 of which he gave for the first two years to found a Young 
 Men's Fund, to assist needy young men in their studies for 
 the ministry, and for the other two years he gave $150 yearly 
 to the same object, and the remainder of his salary for the 
 creation of a Library Fund. 
 
 KERR, Joseph Reynolds (A. R.)*: 
 
 Oldest son of the Rev. Dr. Joseph; was born in St. Clair, 
 Allegheny Co., Pa., Jan. 18, 1807; was graduated at the 
 Western University in 1826, and studied theology in the 
 Sem., under his father; was licensed Sept. 2, 1829, by Monon- 
 gahela Pres., and ordained July 28, '30, by the same; was 
 pastor of the First Ch. in Pittsburgh from his ordination 
 until his death, which resulted from consumption June 14, 
 1843. He was one of the most finished pulpit orators that 
 his church ever produced. Publications: The Responsibili- 
 ties of Literary Men, an address before the Alumni of the 
 Western University, 1836; A Sermon on Dueling, 1838, sug- 
 gested by the Graves and Cilley duel. 
 KERR, Joseph Reynolds Jr., D. D. : 
 
 Son of the Rev. Joseph R. ; was born after his father's death 
 in the autumn of 1843; was graduated at Franklin in 1861, 
 
408 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 
 1863, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Ap. 11, '64, by 
 Allegheny; was pastor of Third Ch., Allegheny, Ap. 1864- 
 Mar. 18, '72; North Ch., Philadelphia, Ap. 29, 1872-Nov. 
 30, '75; passed to the Presbyterian Church, and has since 
 been pastor of the Fourth Ch., New York city. 
 
 KERR, Joseph W. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 12, 1848, in Holmes Co., O. ; was educated 
 at the National Normal School, Lebanon, O., and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 2, 1878, by Sidney Pres., 
 and ordained June 10, '79, by the same; pastor of Northwood 
 June, 1879, 7^ time, and Rushsylvania, O., ^ time Ap. 22, 
 i88o-'85; Piqua, O., June 7, 1885. 
 
 KERR, Moses (A. R.)*: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. Dr. Joseph; was born, educated and 
 ordained in Ireland, and held a pastoral charge there for a 
 short time in the Burgher Pres. of Antrim; came to the U. 
 S. in the autumn of 1818, and united with the Monongahela 
 Pres. ; was pastor of Union, near Pittsburgh, May 5, 1819- 
 Nov., '27; of Rocky Spring and New Brighton, Sept. 5, 
 1828, until his death, Oct. 11, 1830. 
 
 KERR, Moses (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Dr. Joseph; was bom at Mt. Lebanon, Al- 
 legheny Co., Pa., June 30, 1811; was graduated ot the West- 
 ern University in 1828, and studied theology in the Sem. 
 under his father and his temporary successor, the Rev. Mungo 
 Dick; was licensed Ap. 27, 1831, by Monongahela Pres., and 
 ordained, sine tititlo^ Oct. 9, '32; Ap. 22, 1832, he accepted a 
 call from the First Asso. Ref Ch. , Allegheny, just organized, 
 and commenced his labors there, but before the time set for 
 his installation had come he was suffering from a severe hem- 
 orrhage of the lungs, and returned the call. The Pres. , how- 
 ever proceeded with his ordination and released him from the 
 call. He went to Europe for a year, and upon his return felt 
 warranted to take a pastoral charge, and was installed at Rob- 
 inson Run, Allegheny Co., in Oct., 1834, but his old trouble 
 soon returned, and he was released Ap. 14, '35; was pastor of 
 the Third Asso. Ref. Ch., Pittsburgh, Oct., 1837-Nov. 19, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 409 
 
 '39. He died from consumption Jan. 26, 1840. For a year 
 he was Prof, of Languages in the Western University, and 
 Prof of Biblical Literature and Criticism in the Seminary 
 during the winter of 1835. He possessed eminent qualifica- 
 tions for the ministry, and when health allowed he often ex- 
 hibited pulpit power of the very highest order. After his 
 death several of his sermons were published, one is in the 
 third volume of the Asso. Ref. Pulpit. 
 KERR, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received Oct. 10, 1797, by the Pres. of New York from 
 the Asso. Pres. of Monoghan; was called to the church in 
 Newburgh, N. Y., in the summer of 1798, although not form- 
 ally installed until Ap. 6, '99; resigned Jan. 14, '02. On the 
 28th of May, 1803, he was deposed from the ministry for a 
 breach of the seventh commandment committed about the 
 time of his ordination in Ireland. On the 29th of June, 1803, 
 he was restored to the communion of the church, and on the 
 17th of May, 1804, was unanimously restored to the ministry 
 upon the ground that since his deposition his deportment has 
 been " blameless and exemplary, becoming his situation and 
 his former profession of penitence." The General Synod 
 sent him to the Synod of the Carolinas, and he died on the 
 6th of June, 1805, in Savannah, Georgia. 
 
 KERR, Samuel, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born in 1826 near Ramelton, county Donegal, Ireland; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1848, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 9, 1851, by the Pres. of Ohio, 
 and ordained Sept. 8, '52, by Shenango; pastor of Harmony 
 congregation, Butler Co., Pa., since Jan. i, 1853. Publica- 
 tion: History of Harmony Congregation, a Sermon, preached 
 October 24, 1876. 
 KETCHEN, Thomas (A.)*: 
 
 Was born, educated and licensed in Scotland; came to this 
 country in 1820, and was ordained in Dec. 20, by the Asso. 
 Pres. of Philadelphia; pastor of Shiloh and Nelly's Creek, S. 
 C. , i82i-'32. In 1832 he declined the authority of the Asso. 
 Synod because of its recent act upon slavery, and united with 
 the Asso. Ref Synod of the South. He was never after- 
 26 
 
4IO THE MINISTRY. 
 
 wards in the pastorate, but preached as opportunity afforded, 
 and taught school at Winsborough and elsewhere; he died 
 Sept. 26, 1855. 
 KIDD, John (A. R.): 
 
 Was received in Ap., 1855, ^Y ^^^ Presbytery of Michigan 
 from the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and some 
 time during the following year he passed to the Presbyterian 
 Ch. of Canada. 
 KIDD, Robert Wilson: 
 
 Was born July 6, 1848, at McCoysville, Juniata Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1873, and studied theology 
 at Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 29, 1875, by Big Spring Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 12, '76, by First New York; pastor Seventh 
 Avenue, New York, since ordination. 
 
 KIER, Samuel M. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 14, 1825, i^ Armstrong Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1851, and studied theology at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed June 9, 1857, by Miami Pres., and ordained 
 Feb. 21, '61, by Le Claire; was pastor of Vinton and Tran- 
 quillity, la., i86i-'4; Barclay, la., 1864-5; supplied two 
 years in Buchanan Co., la., and officiated as postmaster in 
 Chatham. In 1867 he joined the Presbyterian Ch. and is en- 
 gaged in missionary work in Iowa. 
 
 KIMBALL, Joseph, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1820 in Newburgh, N, Y. ; was graduated at 
 Union in 1839, and studied theology at Newburgh; was li- 
 censed in the spring of 1842 by New York Pres., and ordained 
 May 31, '44, by the same; pastor of Hamptonburg, Orange 
 Co., N. Y., May, 1844-May, '53; at Hebron, Washington 
 Co., N. Y., June 6, 1853-Sept. i, '56; joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch. and was pastor at Brockport, N. Y. ; joined the Dutch 
 Ch. and was a short time at Fishkill Landing, N. Y., and 
 then pastor of the First Dutch Ch., Brooklyn, N. Y., from 
 1865 until his death. On the 24th of May, 1874, while 
 preaching an historical sermon in his own pulpit, he was 
 taken with a fainting fit, from the effects of which he never 
 recovered; was taken to Newburgh, where he died on the 6th 
 of the following Dec. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 411 
 
 KING, Adam G. : 
 
 Was born June 22, 1839, on the Atlantic ocean, and reared 
 in Delaware Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1864, and studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 
 4, 1866, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained June 18, '68, by 
 Delaware; pastor of West Delhi, Delaware Co., N. Y., since 
 ordination. 
 KIRKLAND, Hugh (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland, educated in Scotland, and licensed by 
 the Asso. Pres. of Market Hill, Ireland. He first emigrated 
 to Canada, where he was ordained by a Presbytery designated 
 " The Presbytery of the Canadas;" afterward he came to the 
 U. S., and on the 6th of Aug., 1819, joined the Pres. of Char- 
 tiers; he was pastor of Turtle Creek and Bethel, Allegheny 
 Co., and Freeport, Sept. 6, i820-'34. In 1834 a difficulty 
 arose between him and his Presbytery, which resulted in his 
 declining the authority of the Associate Ch. He never con- 
 nected himself with any other denomination during the re- 
 maining twenty-five or thirty years of his life. He was 
 drowned in the Ohio river by falling from a steamboat be- 
 tween Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. 
 KIRKPATRICK, Adrian Frazier: 
 
 Was born Oct. 12, 1855, near Decatur, Brown Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh and Xenia; was licensed Ap. i, 1879, by Chilli- 
 cothe Pres., and ordained Jan. 18, 1881, by Mansfield; pastor 
 of Millersburg, O., from ordination till Nov. 26, '82; Milton, 
 Canada, Ap. 9, 1884- 
 KIP-KPATRICK, John: 
 
 Was born in Ireland, educated at Belfast and ordained by 
 the Pres. of Ballybay May 28, 1868; was pastor of the West 
 25th St. Ch., New York, Jan. 27, 1875-Jan. 27, '80; he is 
 now pastor in Toronto, Canada. 
 KIRKPATRICK, Newton Reed (A. R.): 
 
 Was born July 24, 1823, ^^ Cherry Fork, Adams Co., O. ; 
 was educated at Miami University, and studied theology at 
 Oxford; was licensed June 9, 1852, by Chillicothe Pres., and 
 ordained June 22, '54, by Indiana; pastor of Bethel and Cale- 
 donia, Ind., June, 1854-June 13, '56; taught the N. Liberty 
 
412 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Academy i857-'8; because of the failure of health he farmed 
 in Ross Co., O., i859-'66, preaching only occasionally; S. S. 
 and pastor at White Oak Grove, 111., i866-'7i; missionary at 
 Cassville, W. Va., and Warfield, Ky,, for a time; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. in 1885. Publications: A Sermon, in Vol. 
 V, Associate Reformed Pulpit. 
 
 KNOX, Thomas M. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 29, 1856, in Wayne Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Wooster in 1882, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 16, 1884, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 20, '86, by the same; pastor of De Kalb, O., since ordination. 
 
 KNOX, William Hugh: 
 
 Was born in 1842 in county Antrim, Ireland; was gradu- 
 ated at the Western University in 1870, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed June 25, 1872, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 21, '73, by the same; pastor of Wylie 
 Avenue Ch., Pittsburgh, since ordination. 
 
 KYIvE, Joseph: 
 
 Was born Nov. 20, 1849, ^^^ar Cedarville, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1872, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 25, 1876, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 24, ''']']^ by the same; pastor of Springfield, O., since ordina- 
 tion. 
 
 KYLE, Joshua R. : 
 
 Was born at Cedarville, O. ; was graduated at Miami in 
 1859, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed in Mar., 
 1862, by Xenia Pres., and ordained, sine titiilo^ Oct. 12, '64, 
 by St. Louis; pastor of Fall River, Mass., June 27, 1867- 
 Sept. 7, '75; Second Ch., Pittsburgh, Nov. 12, 1876-Sept. 
 30, '79; joined the Ref. Dutch Ch., Dec, 1880, and is at Port 
 Jackson, N. Y. 
 
 KYLE, Melvin Grove: 
 
 Was born May 7, 1858, in Harrison Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Muskingum in 1881, and studied theology at Xenia and 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1885, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained May 10, '86, by Philadelphia; pastor of 7th Ch., 
 Philadelphia, since ordination. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 413 
 
 KYLE, Samuel John: 
 
 Was born Sept. 27, 1850, at Cedarville, O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1872, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed May 23, 1876, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Ap, 17, 
 '>']']^ by Chartiers; pastor of N. Buffalo, Washington Co., Pa., 
 Ap. 17, 1877-Ap. 5, '87; of Cambridge, N. Y., since May, 
 1887. 
 LACKEY, John: 
 
 Was born Oct. 18, 1825, in Crawford Co., Pa.; was edu- 
 cated at Westminster, and studied theology at Xenia; was li- 
 censed Sept. 6, 1864, by Mercer Pres.; was in the Freedmen's 
 Mission 1863-6; was ordained Nov. 14, '66, by Wisconsin; 
 pastor of Vernon, Wis., Nov., 1866-spring of '70; Pleasant 
 Valley, Washington Co., la., Jan. 3, 1871, adding Wesmin- 
 ster the following year; released Sept. 5, 1876; West Chester, 
 same county, Ap. 4, 1877-Aug. 28, '82; resides at Washing- 
 ton, la. 
 LACKEY, Ralph Erskine: 
 
 Son of the Rev. John; was born May 14, 1854, in Lawrence 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 6, 188 1, by Keokuk 
 Pres., and ordained May 3, '81, by the same; pastor 127th 
 Street, New York, Dec. 19, i88i-Dec. 21, '83; Glade Run, 
 Allegheny Co., Pa., 1884- 
 
 LAFFERTY, Linus Nelson: 
 
 Was born Mar. 6, 1847, near Pain's Corners, Trumbull Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1874, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Newburgh and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 11, 1876, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Sept. 18, '-]-], by Monmouth; 
 pastor of Kirk wood. 111., till Ap. 3, '84; S. S. Creston, la., 
 1884, and pastor Aug. 31, '86- Publication: Exclusive Use 
 of the Bible Hymn-Book, a Sermon, 1880. 
 
 LAING, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1788 in Perthshire, Scotland; was graduated 
 at Glasgow University in 1815; continued the study of theol- 
 ogy, with interruptions, 1816-25; was licensed in 1825 by 
 the Relief Pres. of Glasgow; came to the U. S. in 1830; 
 joined the Dutch Ch. , and was ordained by the Classis of 
 
414 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Washington in '32, pastor of the Dutch congregation of Ar- 
 gyle, N. Y., 1832-3; joined the Asso. Ref. Synod of New 
 York in 1833, and was pastor of Andes and Cabin Hill, Dela- 
 ware Co., N. Y., from 1834 until his death, Nov. 18, 1858, 
 from congestion of the lungs. 
 LAING, Robert (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1750 in Scotland, and was educated there, and 
 ordained in Aug., 1785, and pastor of an Asso. congregation 
 in Dunse 1785-93; came to the U. S. in 1795, and joined the 
 Asso. Ch. ; was pastor at Buffalo, Washington Co., Pa., 1797- 
 1805; accepted a call to S. Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y., 
 in May, 1804, assumed charge in 1805; was pastor Mar. 26, 
 1806-Sept. 2, '11; pastor at Bovina, Delaware Co., N. Y., 
 1814-June, '23; died at Bovina May 29, 1839. 
 
 LANSING, GuLiAN, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Feb. i, 1825, ^t Lishaskill, Albany Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Union in 1848, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed May 22, 1850, by the Pres., of New 
 York, and, having been appointed missionary to Syria by the 
 Synod of New York, was ordained Aug. 7, '50, by New York 
 and sailed on the 12th of the following Dec; was missionary 
 in Damascus, Syria, i85i-'7, and has been in Egypt since 
 1857, where his labors have been abundant and wonderfully 
 blessed, although his health has often been very imperfect. 
 Delegate to the Presbyterian Council of 1877. Publications: 
 Egypt's Princes, i2mo., pp. 425, 1864, and many elaborate 
 letters to papers and magazines. 
 
 LANSING, John V. S. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was graduated at Hamilton College in 1821; studied the- 
 ology at Princeton, and was licensed in 1824 by the Classis of 
 Dutch Seceders, and ordained in '24 by the same; pastor of 
 Wynantskill and Poestenkill, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 1824-6; 
 of Tappan and Clarkstown i826-'7; joined the Asso. Ref. 
 Pres., of New York, and was pastor at Bloomingburg, Sulli- 
 van Co., N. Y., 1829-32: died in 1832 from consumption. 
 
 LAUGHEAD, Isaac Newton (A.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 12, 1810, at Massie's Creek, Greene Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1833, ^^^^ studied theology 
 
THE MINISTRY. 4^5 
 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed July lo, 1838, by Miami Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 14, '39, by Indiana; pastor of Blooming- 
 ton, Monroe Co., Ind., i839-'43; Darby and Sugar Run, 
 Union Co., O. : June, 1843-Jnne '64; moved to la., and sup- 
 plied for six or eight years in the vicinity of Washington, and 
 is now retired as infirm. 
 LAUGHRIDGE, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Richland Co., O., about 1810; was graduated 
 at Oberlin in 1835, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed in Ap., 1838, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained in 
 April, '39, by the same; was installed at ordination over 
 Worthington, Pine Run and Martinsburg, O., and died Feb. 
 10, 1840, of quinsy. 
 
 LAURIE, James D. D., (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 11, 1778, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and re- 
 ceived his entire education, literary and theological, in the 
 University of his native city, was licensed by the Asso. Bur- 
 gher Presbytery of Edinburgh in 1800. Having been ap- 
 pointed by the Burgher Synod to come to this country with 
 Dr. J. M. Mason he was ordained by his Presbytery and sailed 
 in Aug., 1802. In March, 1803, he visited the city of Wash- 
 ington, to which the seat of government had been removed 
 two years before, with the design of gathering an Asso. Ref. 
 congregation, and where Joseph Nourse and a few others 
 favorable to such an enterprise resided. The city at that 
 time existed only on paper and in the landmarks of the sur- 
 veyor; so on his way he asked the stage-driver how far it was 
 to the city, and received the answer: "Sir, we have been 
 driving through it for the last two miles." 
 
 A congregation was immediately formed, and in June he 
 was installed as its pastor. They worshipped for four yearg 
 in the old Treasury building, which was burnt in 1814 by the 
 British, during which time he exerted himself to raise means 
 for building a church edifice. For this purpose he visited the 
 principal cities of the Union, from Boston to Savannah, and 
 in 1807 a substantial, and for that day elegant, brick edifice 
 was opened for divine service. It was the second place of 
 Protestant worship erected in Washington, and in it for forty- 
 
41 6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 six years he continued to preach the riches of the gospel of 
 Christ with great fulhiess and very considerable power. As 
 the congregation was feeble it was necessary' to supplement 
 his income from some secular pursuit, so he accepted a clerk- 
 ship in the office of the Register of the Treasury, and held it 
 and preformed its duties with great punctuality and exactness 
 to the day of his death. In 1822 he was Moderator of the 
 General Synod and voted for the union, and with his Presby- 
 tery — the Presbytery of Philadelphia — went into the Presby- 
 terian Church. His congregation went with him. 
 
 *'His discourses might generally be termed massive; com- 
 pactly arranged; rich in thought; copious in argument and 
 illustration, and almost invariably exhausting his theme." 
 Once he took a manuscript into the pulpit, after a severe ill- 
 ness, and apologized for it to the congregation, stating that as 
 they were aware of his infirm health they would excuse him 
 for appearing before them 07i crutches. For the last eight 
 years of his life he had assistant pastors, the last of which was 
 the late Rev. David X. Junkin. He died Ap. 18, 1853, from 
 pleuro-pneumonia. 
 LAW, Isaac (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of James; was born Sept. 3, 1815, in Salem, N. Y., 
 was graduated at Union in 1836, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed June 26, 1840, by the Pres. of Cam- 
 bridge, and was ordained, sine titnlo., by the same Jan. 27. '42; 
 was S. S. at Hinchinbrook and Hemmingsford, in Lower Can- 
 ada, i843-'7; pastor of Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y., 
 1847-61. He died, greatly beloved, Jan. 28, 1861. 
 LAW, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1810 in Salem, N. Y. ; was graduated at Union 
 in 1834, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 July 17, 1838, by the Pres. of Cambridge, and ordained May 
 13, '40, by Richland; was pastor of Killbuck, Red Haw and 
 Clear Creek, in Richland and Wayne counties, O., i840-'43; 
 of Big Spring and Pistol Creek, in Blount Co., Tenn., 1846- 
 '52; and died July 26, 1872, in Philadelphia. 
 LAWRENCE, James Alvin: 
 
 Was born June 29, i860, at Londonderry, Guernsey Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1880, and studied theol- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 417 
 
 ogy at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 18, 1883, by Mnskingum 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 2, '84, by Westmoreland; pastor of 
 Madison and Sewickley, Westmoreland Co., Pa., Sept. 2, 
 1884-Sept. 5, '86; Mt. Gilead and Coraopolis, Allegheny Co., 
 Pa., Nov. 2, 1886- 
 LAWRENCE, Thomas, D. D. : 
 
 Was born June 5, 1832, at Crossford, Lanarkshire, Scot- 
 land, but reared in Allegheny City, Pa.; was graduated at 
 the Western University in 1858, and studied theology at 
 Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Dec. 26, i860, by Alle- 
 gheny Pres., and ordained Sept. 8, '62, by Argyle; was pas- 
 tor of Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y., Sept., 1862-June 18, 
 '67; spent two years in Germany in the Universities of Bonn 
 and Leipsic; transferred his connection in Sept., 1869, to the 
 Presbyterian Ch., and is now a Prof, in Biddle University, 
 established at Charlotte, N. C. , for the Freedmen. 
 
 LAWTHER, William Coventry: 
 
 Was born Nov. 9, 1853, in Kittanning, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1879, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed June 13, 1882, by Steubenville Pres., and ordained 
 July 15, '84, by Cleveland; pastor of Northfield, Summit Co., 
 O., since ordination. 
 LEE, Hans W. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 29, 1825, ^^^^ Cadiz, O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1844, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed in June, 1849, ^Y Muskingum Pres., and ordained in 
 the summer of '50 by Allegheny; pastor of the First Ch., 
 Pittsburgh, 1850-spring of 1855, and while on a visit to the 
 West, on account of ill health, was taken with typhoid fever, 
 and died Oct. 12, 1855, at Crawfordsville, la. "Winning as 
 a man, attractive as a preacher, sympathizing as a pastor, and 
 confiding as a friend. ' ' 
 
 LEE, James Bascown, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Brother of Hans W. ; was born June 11, 1833, at Cadiz, O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1851, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 2, 1854, by the Pres. of Musk- 
 ingum, and ordained Sept. 7, '56, by Albany, and was in- 
 stalled in Bovina, Delaware Co., N. Y., where he is still in 
 
4l8 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 charge. He is Trustee in Hamilton College, N. Y., and 
 President of the Delaware Co. Temperance Society. Publi- 
 cation: How to Make a Will, 8vo., pp. 130, published by the 
 American Tract Society. 
 
 LEIPER, Hugh Y. : 
 
 Brother of Joseph H. ; was born May 12, 1838, at Hooks- 
 town, Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1863, 
 and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed in Ap., 1866, by 
 Frankfort Pres., and ordained July i, '67, by First Ohio; 
 pastor of Sycamore and Hopkinsville, Warren Co., O., July, 
 1867-July, '69; of Yellow Creek and Grant's Hill, Jefferson 
 Co., O., since Jan. i, 1870. 
 
 LEIPER, Joseph Harper: 
 
 Was born Feb. 5, 1837, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at the Hookstown Collegiate Institute, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 30, 1867, by Xenia Pres., and 
 ordained June 30, '68, by Steubenville; was installed June 30, 
 1868, pastor of Calcutta, Columbiana Co., O., and West 
 Beaver; resigned the latter and assumed Sloan Station, Jan. 
 I, '74, and resigned it Dec. 31, '75, and gave whole time to 
 Calcutta until in 1881; pastor of Jonathan's Creek, O., June 
 13, 1882-Aug. 27, '84; connected with the Christian States- 
 man in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 LEWIS, Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received by the Pres. of Washington from a church in 
 Nova Scotia; supplied the church in Lisbon, St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., from Sept., 1835, till Aug. 26, '37, when he 
 passed to one of the Canada churches. 
 LILLIE, James, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Kelso, Scotland, about 1805; was graduated at 
 the University of Edinburgh; studied theology with Drs. Law- 
 son and Dick; was ordained in '29 over a United Secession 
 Ch. in Montrose; came to the U. S. in 1835; was pastor 
 of Franklin St., New York city, summer of 1835-Feb., 
 '36; of Salem, N. Y., Feb. 12, 1836-June 26, '37; passed 
 to the Dutch Ch., and was pastor at Rhinebeck for two or 
 three years, and at Clove, Ulster Co., N. Y., i844-'5; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor in Carlisle, Pa., for two 
 
THE MINISTRY. 419 
 
 or three years, and about the same length of time in New 
 Jersey. He next joined the Baptist Ch., and became a Prof, 
 in a college in Wisconsin, and afterward of a theological sem- 
 inary in Upper Canada. He then went to London, England, 
 studied medicine and entered upon its practice. He died in 
 1875 while making a visit to some friends in Kansas. "A 
 man of noble presence, a grand preacher and a scholar of ripe 
 and varied culture," but too restless to be successful. 
 LIND, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Matthew; was born Mar. 14, 1784, in 
 Franklin Co., Pa.; was graduated with the first honors by 
 Dickinson in 1802; studied theology two years with his 
 brother-in-law, Dr. Hemphill, of S. C, and Alex. Dobbin 
 and John Young, and two years in the Sem. in New York, 
 being one of its first eight students; was licensed Aug. 4, 
 1807, by the Pres. of Big Spring, and ordained Oct. 4, 
 '08 by the same; was installed as pastor of Greencastle, 
 Hagerstown, West Conecocheague and the Great Cove at his 
 ordination; resigned the latter two in '17, and died in Hagers- 
 town, Md., Sept. 20, 1824. He was offered the Professorship 
 of Theology as Dr. Mason's successor, he was offered the 
 Presidency of Dickinson College, and called to the Murray 
 St. Ch. in New York, but declined them all, preferring to 
 remain where he was born among his people who had been 
 his father's people. 
 LIND, Matthew (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1732 at Cairn Castle, in county Antrim, Ire- 
 land; was educated at Glasgow, in Scotland, and ordained by 
 the Ref Presbyterian Pres. of Scotland in 1760; was pastor 
 of the Covenanter congregation at Aghadowey, county of 
 Londonderry, Ireland, i76o-'73; came to America in 1773, 
 and in connection with Alex. Dobbin and John Cuthbertson 
 organized the Ref Presbyterian Pres. of America on the loth 
 of Mar., 1774, at Paxtang, Dauphin Co., Pa., and went into 
 the imion which formed the Asso. Ref Ch. in 1782; was pas- 
 tor of Paxtang and of Stony Ridge, in Cumberland Co., 
 1 774-' 83; of Greencastle, Chambersburg, W. Conecocheague 
 and the Great Cove 1 783-' 98, and died Ap. 21, 1800, from 
 injuries occasioned from beiug thrown from his horse. 
 
420 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 LIND, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Scotland in 1799, and educated and ordained 
 under the auspices of the United Secession Ch., and studied 
 theology with Dr. John Dick; came to the U. S. in 1840 and 
 joined the Pres. of Indiana; was pastor of Shiloh, Ind., 1841- 
 '46; S. S. at Caledonia and Orangeville, Mich., 1847-64; died 
 at Caledonia, Sept. 28, 1871. 
 
 LINDSAY, David (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 31, 1800, near Hilton, county Down, Ire- 
 land, and came to the U. S. in 1808 and settled in Jefferson 
 Co., O. His great-grandfather, together with five brothers, 
 came from' Scotland into Ireland in the army of William of 
 Orange and fought in the battle of Boyne in 1690. Mr. 
 Lindsay was educated at Franklin and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Ap. 18, 1833, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 26, '34, by the same; was installed over 
 Jonathan's Creek, Goshen and Truro in 1834, and resigned 
 the last in '37 and the others in '41; was pastor of Bir- 
 mingham, la., Sept., '42-Ap., '54; while missionating in '57 
 he was so injured by the upsetting of a stage coach as to put 
 him upon crutches for the remainder of his life, still he per- 
 formed some missionary work until '67, when he retired to 
 Garnett, Kan., and their died July 5, 1880, from dysentery. 
 
 LINDSAY, Samuel I. : 
 
 Was born May 19, 1853, ^^ Fairview, Guernsey Co., O. ; 
 was educated at Monmouth and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 25, 1782, by Xenia Pres., and ordained June 
 II, '83, by Des Moines; pastor of Fairview and North English, 
 la., June, 1883-Oct. i., '86; of Garner, la., since Nov. 16, 86- 
 LINN, Ardman Ethmer: 
 
 Was born Aug. 20, 1851, near Greenville, Mercer Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1874, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed May 3, 1876, by the Lake Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 18, ^'j'], by Butler; pastor of Freeport, Pa., 
 from ordination to Oct. 27, '81; of 9th Pittsburgh since Jan. 
 10, '82. 
 
 LITTELL, David S. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 24, 1836, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 
THK MINISTRY. 421 
 
 ated at Westminster in 1857, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was liceased June 26, i860, by Frankfort Pres., and 
 ordained Jnly i8, '6i, sine titulo^ by the same; pastor of 
 Pigeon Creek, Washington Co., Pa., Oct. 17, 1861-June 14 
 '86; 2d Ch., Pittsburgh, 1886- 
 LITTELL, Joseph Anderson: 
 
 Was born Feb. 14, 1858, at Service, Pa. ; was educated at 
 Westminster and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 
 5, 1885, by ist O., Pres., and ordained Jan. 4, '87, by 
 Albany; pastor at Albany, N. Y. , since ordination. 
 LIVINGSTON, David: 
 
 Was born June 22, 1847, ^^ Reynoldsburg, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1873, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 2, 1876, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Nov. 
 29, '76, by Cedar Rapids; pastor of Traer, la,, Nov. 29, 1876- 
 Oct. 21, '85; S. S. Grand Avenue, St. Louis 1885- 
 
 LIVINGSTON, Samuel Austin: 
 
 Was born June 7, 1861, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Washington and Jefierson in 1884, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed and ordained May 10, '87, 
 by ist O. ; pastor of Mt. Pleasant, Butler Co., O., since ordi- 
 nation, 
 LOGAN William (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1743 in Scotland; was graduated at Edinburgh 
 University in 1770, and studied theology with Prof. Mon- 
 criefF at Alloa; was appointed by the Asso. Synod to go to 
 America in spring of 1773, this he declined to do, and his 
 Presbytery refused to license him. He changed his mind and 
 agreed to comply with the Synod's appointment, and was 
 licensed Sept. 14, 1773, by the Pres., of Sterling, and im- 
 mediately sailed from Glasgow in company with John Mur- 
 ray; he was ordained in '75 by the Pres., of Pennsylvania; 
 pastor of Fermanagh and connections in Juniata Co., Pa., 
 1777-1805. He went into the union of 1782 and remained 
 and died in the Asso. Ref. Church. In 1803 he became un- 
 able to ride to his church because of a physical infirmity, 
 although his general health remained resonably good. Under 
 these circumstances the congregation assembled at his dwell- 
 
422 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ing-house, which was large and roomy, and he there con- 
 tinued his regular Sabbath services. On the 19th of May, 
 1805, he preached in the morning as usual, and according to 
 his custom retired to his study to rest during the half hour of 
 intermission before conducting the second service. A noise 
 was heard in his room, and upon entering in his people found 
 that he had fallen and was insensible, and in a few minutes 
 died. 
 LOGUE, James Robert: 
 
 Son of the Rev. James W., was born Ap. 7, 1856, in 
 Northfield, O. ; after spending four years at Oberlin, was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1877, taught three years, and then 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1882, by 
 Cleveland Pres., and ordained Sept. 24, '83, by Keokuk; pas- 
 tor of 2d Ch., Washington, la., since ordination. 
 
 LOGUE, James Washington, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born July 17, 1812, in Lower Chanceford, York Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Union in 1836, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed July 6, 1841, by Chartiers, and 
 was ordained Oct. 4, '43, by Ohio; was pastor of Northfield, 
 and S. S. of Stowe, Summit Co., O., Oct., 1843-Sept. 11, 
 '83, and Cleveland Nov. 3, 1 843-' 49. Publications: A Ser- 
 mon on Slavery, 1861; a Sermon on Presbyterian Ch. Gov- 
 ernment, 1870; Lectures on Confession of Faith, in Kvangeli- 
 cal Repository^ i862-'7i; a series of articles on Pre-milleuna- 
 rianism, 1879. 
 
 LONG, Joseph W. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 3, 1843, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Monmouth and studied theology at Monmouth; was 
 licensed Sept. 29, 1874, by Bloomington Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 27, '76, by Southern Illinois; pastor of Romine Prairie, 
 Marion Co., 111., since Sept., 1876. 
 
 LONG, Leander H. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born July i, 1826, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at the Western University in 1844, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 31, 1847, ^Y Mononga- 
 hela Pres., and ordained July 25, '48, by the same; was pas- 
 tor of Birmingham and Temperanceville July, 1848-June 26, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 423 
 
 '49; of Urbana, O., i849-'52; S. S. in Columbus i852-'4; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was in it pastor of Urbana 
 Jan., 1855-Feb., '65; was, during this pastorate, chaplain for 
 a year in the army; practiced at the Urbana bar as a, lawyer 
 i865-'76, and served two terms in the Legislature of Ohio; 
 pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Lebanon, O., 1876- 
 1882, and is in Denver, Col. Publications: Two Sermons; 
 one in Vol. II, the other Vol. V of the Asso. Ref. Pulpit. 
 
 LORIMER, Samuel Wallace: 
 
 Son of Rev. William; was born Feb. 23, 1843, ^^ Rich- 
 mond, O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1862, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed April 19, 
 1865, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Dec. 12, '66, by 
 Keokuk; was pastor of Middletown and New London, la., 
 Dec, 1866-Nov, '67; S. Henderson, 111., Sept., 1868-Mar., 
 '75; Red Oak, la., Aug., 1876-Sept., '-]-]; Mulberry, West 
 Missouri, Ap. 7, 1880-Aug. 24, '86. 
 
 LORIMER, William (A. R.):* 
 
 Was born Ap. 11, 1810, near New Concord, O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1836, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 18, 1837, by the Second Ohio, and ordained 
 Ap. 18, '38, by the same; was pastor of Richmond and Knox- 
 ville, O., 1838-48; Richmond alone 1848-54; Richmond and 
 Piney Fork 1 854-' 58; Antrim, O., 1 858-' 65; Morning Sun, 
 la., 1865-70; Stanwood, la., Nov., 1870-June, '72; Olena, 
 111., Nov., 1872, till death, Jan. 30, 1873. 
 
 LOVE, Thomas, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born May 19, 182 1, in Shepherdstown, Belmont Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1852, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed May 31, 1853, by Steubenville 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 15, '54, by the Lake; was pastor of 
 Waterford and McKean, Erie Co., Pa., Nov., 1854-Ap., '64, 
 and of High Ridge, Belmont Co., O., Dec, 1876-Oct. 21, 
 1885. 
 LOWRY, Joseph (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in South Carolina in 1777; was graduated at 
 Columbia College, S. C, in 1808, and studied theology in 
 New York under Dr. Mason; was licensed in 1814 by the 
 
424 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 First Pres. of the Carolinas, and ordained in Oct., '14, by 
 
 Second Carolinas; was pastor of Bethel and connections, in 
 
 Jefferson Co., Ga. , from his ordination until his death, July 
 
 23, 1841. He was far above the average both as man and as 
 
 minister. 
 
 LUKE, Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received in 1844 by the Pres. of Washington from Ire- 
 land or Scotland; supplied the church in Lisbon, St. Law- 
 rence Co., N. Y., for a year, and then passed to the Presby- 
 terian Ch. of Canada. 
 LUSK, Davis William: 
 
 Was born Dec. 15, 1851, at Kammerer, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1877, ^'^^ studied the- 
 ology at Union, N. Y. city; was licensed Mar. 11, 1879, by 
 Second New York, and ordained Mar. 22, '81, by the same; 
 pastor in Newark, N. J., Mar. 22, 1881-June 19, '83; Frank- 
 ford, Pa., Nov. 26, 1883-Mar. 30, '85; joined the Presbyte- 
 rian Ch. , and is in Newark, N. J. 
 LUSK, Hugh King (A.)* 
 
 Was born in Washington Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at the 
 Western University in 1842, and studied theology at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed June 9, 1846, by Chartiers Pres., and or- 
 dained Oct. 20, '47, by Cambridge; was pastor of the residu- 
 ary church of Cambridge, N. Y., Oct., 1847-May 6, '57; S. 
 S. at Verona, Allegheny Co., 1858-June '61; died Jan. 25, 
 1862, of consumption. 
 
 LYLE, James (A.):* 
 
 Was born about 1795 in Eastern Pennsylvania; was edu- 
 cated at Dickinson, and studied theology at Service and at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Aug. 20, 1823, by Ohio Pres., and 
 ordained May 4, '25, by the Carolinas; was pastor of Bethel, 
 Little River and Smyrna, in Fairfield and Chester counties, 
 S. C, 1825-34; was suspended from the ministry for drunk- 
 enness and impurity in 1837; soon afterwards moved to Texas, 
 where in 1840 he was killed in a quarrel. 
 
 LYNN, John Calvin: 
 
 Was born May 10, 1851, at Gordan's Grove, Randolph Co., 
 111.; was graduated at Monmouth in 1881, and studied the- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 425 
 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 8, 1884, by Xenia Pres. and 
 ordained May 7, '85, by Chicago; pastor of Wheatland, Will 
 Co., 111., since ordination. 
 LYONS, John Chambers (A. R.): 
 
 After being deposed for immorality by the Presbyterian 
 Ch. in Ireland was received Aug. 13, 1844, ^y the Pres. of 
 New York on false credentials, purporting to come from the 
 Secession Presbytery of Down, in Ireland, and was installed 
 pastor of the A. R. congregation in Kensington, Philadelphia, 
 on the iSth of the following Nov. During the winter some- 
 thing of the deception was ascertained, and when called to an 
 account Mr. Lyons made such a confession and explanation 
 as lead the Presbytery to dismiss the matter with a rebuke. 
 News from Ireland soon showed that the confession and ex- 
 planation were not true, and in July, 1845, he was formally 
 deposed from the ministry. In a short time afterward he and 
 his congregation were received by the Asso. Pres. of New 
 York, (Stark, &c.,) and on the 6th of November, 1850, he 
 was by it suspended from the ministry and loosed from his 
 charge. He then studied medicine, and has ever since prac- 
 ticed in Kensington, in Philadelphia. 
 LYONS, Samuel Ross: 
 
 Was born Ap. 28, 1849, ^^^^ Winnsboro', S. C. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 7, 1880, by Southern Illinois, and ordained 
 Aug. 3, '80, by the same; pastor of Marissa, St. Clair Co., 111., 
 Aug. 3, i88(>-May 85; Bloomington, Ind., Aug. 27, 1885- 
 LYTLE, Allen William: 
 
 Was born Aug. 19, 1853, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Muskingum in 1879, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed June 28, 1881, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 8, '83, by Caledonia; pastor of Sterling 
 Valley, N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 LYTLE, D. Smith: 
 
 Was born Jan. 3, 1847, ^^ Indiana Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1879, ^^^ studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 14, 1881, by Xenia Pres., and ordained June 7, 
 '81, by the same, for the foreign missionary work. Stationed 
 at Sialkot, N. India. 
 
 27 
 
426 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 LYTlvE, James Dudgeon: 
 
 Was born Ap. 6, 1854, in Ligonier Valley, Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1877, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1880, by Westmoreland, and or- 
 dained June 28, '81, by Caledonia; pastor of Lyndon, Cat- 
 taraugus Co., N. Y., June, '8i-June 8, '86; N. Henderson, 
 111., since Sep., 1886. 
 LYTLE, James Pollock, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland Co. Pa., Dec. 
 6, 1821; was educated at Jefferson, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 15, 1851, by Allegheny Pres., 
 and ordained, sine titulo^ Sep. 18, '53, by Miami; was editor 
 of the Presbyterian Witness^ in Cincinnati, i853-'6; has been 
 pastor of Bloomfield congregation, Muskingum Co., O., since 
 Sept., 1855. Publications: Memoir of Joseph Scroggs, D. D. ; 
 Memoir of R. H. Pollock, D. D. ; Progress, the Law of Christ's 
 Kingdom, an Address to the Theological Students at Xenia; 
 An Address at the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of 
 Dr. Scroggs; Christ's Mediatorial Government, a Sermon be- 
 fore Synod. 
 
 LYTLE, William H. : 
 
 Was born Aug. 13, 1853, ^^ Fredericksburg, O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1879, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 17, 1884, by Mansfield Pres., and 
 ordained June 17, '84, by Frankfort; pastor of Tumlinson's 
 Run; Beaver Co., Pa., since ordination; Resigned June 26, 
 1887. 
 McADAM, Hugh Parks: 
 
 Was born May 16, 1837; at Cadiz, O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1857, and studied theology at Allegheny: was 
 licensed Ap. 8, 1862, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained July, 
 20, '65, Albany; was pastor in Troy N. Y., July 1865-Jan. 9, 
 '71; joined the Reformed Dutch Church and was pastor at 
 Lodi, N. Y., 16 years, joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is at 
 New York Mills, N. Y. 
 McADAM, William Taggart, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Aug. 5, 1823, in Harrison Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1842, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 23, 1845, by Second Ohio, and ordained 
 
THK MINISTRY, 437 
 
 May 19, '47, by the Lake; was pastor in Mercer, Pa., 1847- 
 Sept. '53; in Rochester, N. Y., Ap. i854-'7; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. and was pastor at Sharon, Pa., i857-'6o; chap- 
 lain of volunteers Aug., 1861-June, '65; was pastor at Che- 
 rokee, la., 1 874-' 79; and is now post chaplain in the U. S. 
 Army and stationed at Fort Omaha, Neb. 
 
 McAllister, Robert (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in county Down, Ireland; was graduated at Bel- 
 fast College and Seminary; was licensed by the Pres. of Ban- 
 bridge; came to Canada in 1854, and was ordained Mar. 27, 
 '55, by the Asso. Pres. of Stamford; was pastor at Port Rob- 
 inson, Canada West, from ordination until his death, in 1863. 
 
 McAllister, wiluamJohn*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 25, 1832, in Washington Co. , N. Y. ; was grad- 
 uated at Monmouth in 1870, and studied theology at Mon- 
 mouth; was licensed Ap. 27, 1871, by Chicago Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 10, '72, by the same; pastor at Wheatland, 
 111., Ap., 1872-Ap. 74; of Amity, Tama Co., la., 1876, until 
 his death, which took place Feb. 9, 1879, at Tracer, la. 
 McARTHUR, James (A.): 
 
 Brother of Samuel; was born Jan. 8, 1815, in Cambridge, 
 Washington Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1841, 
 and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed July 3 
 1845, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Sept. 11, '46, by 
 Cambridge; was pastor at Ryegate, Vt, Sept., 1846-Dec., '57; 
 at Ellison, 111., July, 1859-Aug., '72; was superintendent of 
 schools in the county of Henderson, 111., for four years; is 
 now at Monmouth, infirm. Publications : A Sermon on Faith ; 
 Farewell Sermon at Ryegate. 
 
 McARTHUR, John M. : 
 
 Son of the Rev. James; was born Jan. 9, 1850, in Barnet, 
 Vt. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1872, and studied the- 
 ology at Newburgh and Xenia; was licensed in Aug., 1873, 
 by Monmouth Pres., and ordained Oct. 29, '74, by Xenia; 
 pastor at Reynoldsburg, O., Oct., 1874-Aug., '-j-j; at McDon- 
 ald, near Pittsburg, Aug. 20, 1877-Nov. 4, '79: at Yorkville, 
 Wis., S. S., i88i-'3; pastor June 20, 1883-Sep. 21, '86; An- 
 drew, la., Oct. 27, 1886- 
 
428 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 McARTHUR, Samuel (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 28, 1805, in Cambridge, N. Y. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Union in 1834, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed June 13, 1837, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 Nov. I, '38, by Muskingum; was pastor of McMalion's Creek 
 and Belmont, O., Nov., 1838-Ap. '51; Birmingham, la., 1855- 
 '64; East Union and Mechanicsburg, Pa., i866-'74; supplied 
 Clear Fork, O., i874-'7; was President of Muskingum College 
 i85i-'5, and of Birmingham College, la., for six years; died 
 at New Concord, O., March 11, 1881. 
 
 McAULEY, Duncan Turner: 
 
 Son of the Rev. James; was born May 16, 1826, in Ogdens- 
 burg, N. Y. ; studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed in 
 the spring of 1861 by St. Louis Pres., and ordained May 7, 
 '62, by the same; pastor of Washington, Randolph Co., 111., 
 1862-65; S. S. at Americus, Kan., 1866-7; S. S. at Plymouth 
 and Big Creek, Kan., 1870-3; pastor of Big Creek Sept. 3, 
 1873-Mar. 31, '75; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is S. S. 
 at Fruitland, 111. 
 McAULEY, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. William; was born in 1792 in county 
 Monoghan, Ireland; was graduated at Glasgow University, 
 Scotland, and studied theology at Belfast; was licensed and 
 ordained in Ireland, and came to the U. S. in 1819; supplied 
 in Montreal, Canada, a year; was pastor of the Presbyterian 
 Ch. in Ogdensburg, N. Y., 1820-6; of the Asso. Ref Ch. in 
 Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., Ap. 18, 1827-Aug. 25, '35; 
 for the sake of a milder climate he missionated in Southern 
 Ohio, Kentucky and Southern Illinois; was installed over 
 Springfield and Union, in Randolph Co., 111., in 1839; re- 
 signed Union in '43, and Springfield in spring of '47; was 
 pastor of Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., July 4, 1847-July 
 4, '52; retired to Ogdensburg, N. Y., and lived without 
 charge until his death, Dec. 10, 1865. 
 McAULEY, John (A.): 
 
 Was born in Ireland, and when a student of theology in 
 the Presbyterian Ch. connected himself with the Asso. Ch. ; 
 was licensed Nov. 16, 1836, by Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained in July, '38, by Allegheny and installed pastor of 
 
THE MINISTRY. 429 
 
 Jefferson, Upper Piney and Cherry Run, in Clarion Co., Pa., 
 the latter of which he still retained in 1858, having demitted 
 the others in Ap. '41. He and his congregation refused to 
 go into the union and remained in the residuary Asso. Synod. 
 He differed with his synod on the Headship of Christ and 
 some other things, which finally resulted in his being sus- 
 pended Sept. II, '67, by the Pres. of Clarion for insubordina- 
 tion. Dec. 31, '67, he was received by the Pittsburgh Pres. 
 of the Ref Presbyterian Ch. (O. S.) When they covenanted 
 in 1870 in Pittsburgh he became dissatisfied with the "Bond" 
 and some other things, which led him in the spring of ''jt^ to 
 decline the authority of the Ref Pres. Synod, and May i, 
 1873, he joined the "Reformed Presbytery " at its meeting in 
 Allegheny. This is an independent Covenanter Pres. which 
 then consisted of the Rev. David Steele,V)f Philadelphia, and 
 the Rev. J. J. Peoples, of Northwood, O. The latter has 
 since withdrawn, and Dr. Steele is dead. Mr. McAuley still 
 resides at Sligo, Clarion Co., Pa. 
 McAULEY, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1765 in county Monoghan, Ireland; was grad- 
 uated at the University of Glasgow, and studied theology 
 with John Brown, of Haddington, and was licensed in 1789 
 by the Asso. Burgher Pres. of Armagh. When he had de- 
 livered his trials for licensure, the members of Pres. , according 
 to the custom of the times, criticised them unmercifully, and 
 in this case very unjustly, for they were above the capabilities 
 of a large part of the Pres. Mr. McAuley was so galled at 
 the injustice that he claimed to be heard in answer, and then 
 administered an excoriation which astonished the fathers and 
 brethren and clearly revealed to them the kind of stuff of 
 which he was made. He was ordained in 1790 by the same 
 Pres., and was a very successful pastor at Tulliallan i79o-'4. 
 He came to the U. S. in the summer of 1794, and on the 2d 
 of Sept. joined the Asso. Ref Pres. of Washington, and soon 
 received a call to the congregations of Kortright and Stam- 
 ford, in Delaware Co., N. Y., where he was installed June 
 25, 1795. In 1810 he resigned Stamford, and retained Kort- 
 right until his death, which occurred Mar. 24, 1851. 
 
 The people with whom he settled were all beginners and 
 
430 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 poor, and could give him a very inadequate salary, so that he 
 was compelled to take a farm and labor upon it for his sup- 
 port. He toiled thus year after year until he was past middle 
 life, amid difficulties, privations, the pinchings of poverty 
 and the anxieties incident to a large family; isolated from 
 congenial minds, without either the ability to purchase books 
 or the time to peruse them, yet he was one of the most popu- 
 lar and acceptable preachers in his Synod. He was unques- 
 tionably very much above the average in ability, and if his 
 circumstances and surroundings had been such as to develop 
 his powers thoroughly he would have become noted. As it 
 was, those who knew both well regarded him as being deci- 
 dedly superior to his distinguished brother, the Rev. Thomas 
 McAuley, D. D., LL. D. He held the affections of his peo- 
 ple through three or four generations, so that they gave him 
 a colleague in his old days, and listened to him gladly when 
 so old and blind and infirm that he had to be helped into the 
 pulpit. 
 
 Although his life had been one of difficulties, to which were 
 added sorrows, still his native wit and humor continued in a 
 quiet way to the last. He was once called to marry the 
 nephew of one of his neighbors, a worthy Covenanter of the 
 old stamp, who was disposed to measure the value of religious 
 services by their length. Mr. McAuley, as his habit was, 
 made the marriage service quite short; and when he pro- 
 nounced the young couple husband and wife, "Humph," said 
 the uncle, "they are nae mair married than they were be- 
 fore." Some time afterward the uncle concluded to take to 
 himself a wife, and as no minister of his own church could be 
 gotten he was forced, much against his will, to apply to Mr. 
 McAuley, who cheerfully consented to "tie the knot" for 
 him. When the evening for the marriage arrived and the 
 parties had presented themselves, Mr. McAuley said a word 
 or two to the bride, and then addressed the bridegroom in a 
 regular discourse upon his duties and responsibilities to such 
 length that the poor man, fairly wearied out, was forced to 
 take a seat, leaving the lady standing alone. Mr. McAuley 
 then closed the service, and after the customary congratula- 
 tions, he, with a significant smile, asked the good Covenan- 
 ter, "Do you think ihaX you are married?" 
 
THE MINISTRY. 431 
 
 McAYEAL, HOWARD S. 
 
 Son of Dr. Robert, was born Nov. 8, i860, at Oskaloosa, 
 la. ; after spending two years in Edinburgh University was 
 graduated at Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pa., in 1883, and 
 studied theology one year in Montreal, Can., two years in 
 Allegheny, Pa., (Presbyterian) and one in Xenia; was 
 licensed May 13, 1887, by College Springs Pres., and or- 
 dained June 30, '87, Delaware; pastor of Meredith, N. Y., 
 since ordination. Publications; Two or three Sermons. 
 
 McAYEAL, Robert Archibald D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 25, 1825, i^ Washington Co., Pa., but 
 brought up in Westmoreland under the ministry of Mungo 
 Dick; was graduated at Geneva, O., 1854; studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 15, 1855, by Westmoreland 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 8, '56, by Iowa; pastor of Oska- 
 loosa, la., Nov., 1856-N0V. 7, '78, during which time he 
 spent one year as chaplain in the army; pastor at Lawrence, 
 Mass., since Jan. 21, 1879. He was Moderator of the General 
 Assembly of 1871. 
 
 McBRIDE, Andrew: 
 
 Was born Jan. 4, 1843, in Hopewell, Muskingum Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Muskingum in 1867, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed May 9, 1871, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 9, '73, by Indiana; was pastor of Caledonia, Ind., 
 Ap., 1873-June 29, '79, of Greensboro, Vt., May 2, 1883- 
 Publication: An Essay on Conversion. 
 
 McBRIDE, Robert William: 
 
 Was born Oct. 22, 1848, in Philadelphia, Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Monmouth in 1875, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 4, 1878, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 5, '79, by the same; pastor of Olena, Henderson Co., 
 111., Sept. 5, 1879-Aug. 27, '84; Missionary to the Warm 
 Springs Indians, in Oregon, 1884- 
 
 McBRIDE, Samuel Bruce: 
 
 Was born June 21, 1840, near Canonsburg, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1862; enlisted in the volunteer infantry 
 service in the civil war Aug. 12, 1862, and was discharged 
 Dec. 18, '63, "by reason of wound received in action;" 
 
432 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 studied theology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed May 
 I, 1867, by Chartieis Pres., and ordained Sept. 6, '70, by 
 Westmoreland; pastor of Union, Westmoreland Co., Sept., 
 1870-June 19, '^']\ of Laurel Hill, Fayette Co., since Aug. 
 13, 1878. Publication: True Philantrophy, tract No. 13, 
 United Presbyterian Board of Publication. 
 McBURNEY, Francis (A.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 4, 1827, ^^^^r Broughshane, county Antrim, 
 Ireland; was graduated at Belfast College, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 3, 1854, by Chartiers 
 Pres., and ordained Aug. 14, '56, by Philadelphia; pastor of 
 Guinston, York Co., Pa., Aug., 1856-Oct. 6, '68; of Mexico, 
 Juniata Co., Pa., since Sept. 28, 1869. 
 McCAGUE, Thomas (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 25, 1825, in Ripley, O. ; was graduated at 
 Jefferson in 185 1, and studied theology at Oxford; was li- 
 censed Ap. 9, 1853, by Chillicothe Pres., and ordained May 
 9, '54, by the same; sailed as missionary to Egypt in Oct., 
 1854; remained in the field until Mar., '61, when ill health 
 compelled him to return home. He has since labored as a 
 missionary in the home field, and resides at Omaha, Neb. 
 McCAHAN, Alexander, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1794 in Ireland, and educated at Belfast; was 
 licensed by the Asso. Pres. of Coleraine, and ordained Dec. 2, 
 '28, by the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Big Spring; pastor of Cham- 
 bersburg and Concord, Pa., Dec, 1828-Oct. 6, '30; installed 
 over Canonsburg and Cross Roads, Washington Co., Pa., 
 Sept. 21, '31; released Ap. 12, 1837, from the latter, and 
 Mar. 28, '43, from the former; pastor of Jacksonville and 
 Olivet, Indiana Co., Pa., Aug., 1843-Ap. '44, when he be- 
 came S. S. to the latter for some time; was pastor of Beth- 
 saida, Tipton Co., Ind., June, 1855-8; retired in two or three 
 years to Canonsburg, Pa., where he died Oct. 4, 1873. 
 McCAIvL, John Atkinson *: 
 
 Was born Feb. 23, 1834, at New Athens, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1859, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 9, 1862, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained Mar. 
 31, '63, by Xenia, and installed at Cedarville, where, on the 
 23d of the following Aug. , he died from bilious colic. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 433 
 
 McCALISTER, John Randolph (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Hopewell, York Co., Pa.; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1848, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 14, 1852, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 in Oct., '55, by Second Illinois; S. S. Rock Island, 111., 
 1854-60; pastor of Aledo and Viola, 111., 1862-7. His 
 labors have been chiefly misssionary; S. S. at Whitinsville, 
 Mass., 1885-';. 
 McCALMONT, James Andrew: 
 
 Was born at Hickory, Washington Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1874, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 10, 1877, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 July 14, '80, by College Springs; pastor of Adams, Taylor 
 Co., la., July 14, 1880- Aug. 29, '83; Newton and Palo Alto, 
 la., Nov. 26, 1886- 
 
 McCAMPBELL, Luther: 
 
 Was born June 4, 1846, near New California, Union Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1871, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 10, 1872, by Sidney 
 Pres., and ordained June 24, ^^t,^ by Butler; pastor of Buffalo, 
 Armstrong Co., Pa., since ordination. 
 
 McCARRELL, Alexander Donnan: 
 
 Was born at Hickory, Washington Co. , Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1868, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed May 3, 1870, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Oct. I, '74, by Mansfield; was pastor of Millersburg, 
 O., Oct., 1874-Sept. 8, '-JT, Stewart Station, Pa., Feb. 15, 
 1881- 
 McCARRELL, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Western Pennsylvania, was graduated at Jef- 
 ferson in 1824, ^^^^ studied theology at Canonsburg; was li- 
 censed Sept. I, 1829, ^y Chartiers Pres., and ordained, sine 
 titulo^ Sept. 16, '30, by Miami; was pastor of Upper Piney 
 and Cherry Run, in Clarion Co., Pa., June, 1831-37; of 
 Tumlinson Run, Beaver Co., Pa., Nov. 28, 1837-Jan. 3, '54; 
 he died in 1856. 
 McCARRELL, Joseph, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born July 9, 1795, at Shippensburg, Cumberland Co., 
 
434 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Pa, While preparing for college the country was startled by 
 the report that the British had burned Washington and were 
 marching upon Baltimore, Such was the patriotic ardor in 
 Shippensburg that every man in town, capable of bearing 
 arms, hurried to the defense of Baltimore, and among these 
 was Joseph McCarrell, who witnessed the bombardment of 
 Fort McHenry. He returned to his books and was graduated 
 at Washington in 1815, and studied theology in New York 
 under Dr, J. M. Mason; was licensed June 19, 1821, by Big 
 Spring Pres,, and ordained Mar. 14, '23, by New York; was 
 pastor of the First Asso. Ref Ch, of Newburgh, N, Y., from 
 his ordination until his death, which occurred Mar. 29, 1864. 
 In 1829 ^^ was elected Prof, of Theology in the resuscitated 
 Seminary of Newburgh, and discharged the duties thereof for 
 thirty years, and during much of the time alone. He had 
 read through the whole of the Hebrew Bible before he en- 
 tered the Theological Seminary as a student, and as Professor 
 always insisted that every student should read the entire 
 Bible in the original Hebrew and Greek before licensure. 
 
 As a teacher he was very fond of treating subjects analyti- 
 cally, and he was master of that mode of discussion. As a 
 preacher he was solemn, instructive and impressive. As a 
 writer he was clear and forcible. Dr. Forsyth, of Newburgh, 
 N, Y., when a boy was a parishioner, then a pupil, a fellow 
 professor and a life-long friend, says of Dr. McCarrell: "In 
 all my intercourse with men, never have I met with one in 
 whom masculine vigor of intellect was combined with more 
 of the gentle grace of the gospel ; nor one who surpassed him 
 in childlike simplicity, unselfishness and profound reverence 
 for all sacred things. He had his failings, no doubt, but even 
 they leaned to virtue's side." Publications: A Missionary 
 Sermon, 1826; An Answer to a Discourse preached by Dr, 
 W. E. Channing at the dedication of the Second Unitarian 
 Ch,, in New York, 1827; An Address on the Sabbath, 1827; 
 Speech before the Gen. Ass. of the Presbyterian Ch., of 183 1, 
 in support of a claim of the A. R. Synod of New York, to 
 the property transferred to Princeton by the Gen. Synod of 
 the A. R. Ch., at the union in 1822; The Way of Salvation, 
 a Sermon, 1834; Ministerial Responsibilities, a Sermon, 1834; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 435 
 
 Review of the Opinions of Dr. N. W. Taylor, 1834; Review 
 of Stuart on Romans, 1835; The Atonement, a Sermon, 1837; 
 A Sermon at the funeral of Mr. D. N. Carithers, 1838; An 
 Address to Students of the Seminary, 1839; Bible Temper- 
 ance, in three Sermons, 1841; The Seraphim, an Address, 
 1847; Fishers of Men, an Address, 1848; The Book, an Ad- 
 dress, 1849; The Christian's Hope, a Sermon, 1850; An Essay 
 upon Capital Punishment, 1852; A God-sent Ministry, the 
 World's Great Need, an Address, 1852; An Essay upon the 
 Geology of the Bible, 1856; The Cherubim, a Sermon on 
 Genesis iii. 24. 
 
 McCARROLL, Andrew B. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 4, 1847, i" Ireland; was graduated at West- 
 minster in 1873, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 Mar. 30, 1876, by Xenia Pres., and ordained June 10, '79, by 
 Detroit; pastor of Brock way and Fremont, St. Clair Co., 
 Mich., June 10, 1879-Nov. 8, '82; founded a colony in 1887 
 in Kan. 
 McCARTEE, Robert, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 30, 1791, in New York city; was graduated 
 at Columbia, and studied theology with Dr. Mason; was 
 licensed in Ap., 1816, by New York Pres., and ordained in 
 May, '17, by Philadelphia; pastor of the Spruce Street Asso. 
 Ref. Ch., in Philadelphia, 1817-Ap. 21, '21; went into the 
 union of 1822, and was pastor of the Canal St., Presbyterian 
 Ch., in New York, 1822-36; of Port Carbon, Schuylkill Co., 
 Pa,, 1836-40; Goshen, N. Y., i84o-'9; joined the Asso. Ref. 
 Synod of New York, and was pastor of the Union Ch. , New- 
 burgh, N. Y., i849-'56; of the Presbyterian Ch., in Twenty- 
 second St., New York, i856-'62; retired to Yonkers, and 
 died Mar. 12, 1865. 
 
 McCartney, Andrew: 
 
 Was born Aug. 25, 1823, ^^^ Po^^ Glenore, county Antrim, 
 Ireland; was graduated at Franklin in 1852, and studied the- 
 ology at Canonsburg and Xenia; was licensed June 17, 1857, 
 by the Asso. Pres., of Muskingum, and ordained Dec. 8, '58, 
 by the United Presbyterian of Mansfield; was pastor of Dal- 
 ton, O., Dec, 1858-May, '61; was S. S., in Topeka, Valley 
 
43^ THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Falls, etc., in Kan., i86i-'6; pastor at Lacona and Indian ola, 
 la., from Mar., 1866, released from the former in June, '68, 
 and from the latter in '71; after supplying elsewhere, was re- 
 called to Lacona May, 1879-Ap. 11, '83. 
 McCartney, Joseph*: 
 
 Was born May 29, 1828, in Armagh, Indiana Co. , Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1857, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 3, 1859, by Conemaugh Pres., 
 and ordained, sine titiilo^ June 20, '60, by the same; was 
 pastor of Mexico, Juniata Co., Pa., Nov., 1862-July 10, '67; 
 Franklin, Venango Co., r868-Sept., '72; S. S. at Omaha, 
 Neb., i876-'7, where he died Oct. 17, 1877, 
 McCartney, Thomas*: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. Andrew; was born in 1829, in Port 
 Glenore, in Ireland; was graduated at Antrim, O., in 1854, 
 and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed April 14, 1859, 
 by Muskingum Pres., and ordained July 10, '60, by Xenia; 
 was missionary, S. S. and pastor at Nebraska City and Rock 
 Bluff, Neb., 1861-8; died Mar. 10, 1869. 
 
 McCAUGHAN, Charles Thompson, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born June 19, 1814, at Rock Ridge, Trigg Co., Ky. ; 
 was graduated at Miami in 1837, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny and Oxford ; was licensed Ap. 22, 1840, by First 
 Ohio, and ordained Oct. 13, '41, by Springfield; pastor of 
 Sidney, O., Oct. 1841-Dec. '57; Principal of the Urbana Fe- 
 male Seminary, i856-'9; Principal of the Mansfield Academy, 
 Pa., 1861-4; installed pastor of Winterset, la., and connec- 
 tions, Aug. 30, 1865, and was released from Montpelier 
 April, '68; from Winterset and North Branch Nov. 9, '70, 
 and Union June 16, '75, and from Peru, Ap. 10, '82. Pub- 
 lications: The Temporal Support of Religion, a Sermon, 
 1845; The Value of the World when the Soul is Lost, 
 Asso. Ref. Pulpit, Vol. I, 1850; The Glory of a Christian 
 Church, Asso. Ref. Pulpit, Vol. V, 1854; Odd Fellowship, 
 a Sermon; History of the Asso. Ref. Presbytery of Spring- 
 field, 1880. 
 
 McCAUGHEY, Elijah S. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born May 4, 1821, in Stark Co., O. ; was educated at 
 
THE MINISTRY. 437 
 
 Franklin, and studied theology [at Allegheny; was licensed 
 in Ap., 1851, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained in Ap., '54, 
 by Second Illinois; installed soon after ordination over White 
 Oak Grove, McLean Co. , Ills. , and suspended from the min- 
 istry Ap. 30, '55, for "unministerial and unchristian conduct." 
 Engaged in secular pursuits, 
 McCAW, David: 
 
 Was born Nov. 17, 1852, in Bloomington, Ind. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1882, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 7, 1885, by Keokuk Pres., and or- 
 dained, July 8, '86, by Butler; pastor of Kittanning and Wor- 
 thington. Pa., since ordination. 
 
 McCHORD, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born March 29, 1785, in Baltimore, Md., and in 1790 
 his father removed the family to Lexington, Ky., where they 
 United with Mr. Rankin's church. In 1801 Mr. McChord 
 entered Transylvania University, but in the spring of 1803 he 
 left it and entered the office of Henry Clay to study law. His 
 preceptor's engagements were so numerous that he could find 
 no time to hear his pupil's recitations except upon the Sab- 
 bath. Against this his conscience, enlightened by a religious 
 education, remonstrated, and the result was an entire change 
 of views and feelings, and he resolved to study for the minis- 
 try. He re-entered the university and was graduated in 1805, 
 when he went to the Theo. Sem. in New York, where he re- 
 mained four years, and was licensed Nov. 3, 1809, by the 
 Pres. of Kentucky. In April, '11, he was ordained by the 
 same. In ' 12 he published in the Evangelical Recoi'd a series|of 
 papers which he afterwards revised and published in ' 14 in an 
 octavo volume, under the title of "The Body of Christ." 
 The design of this work was to harmonize the doctrines of a 
 limited atonement and an unlimited offer of the gospel, which 
 he did by propounding a new theory of the headship of 
 Christ, in which he held that the atonement was made neither 
 for all mankind, nor yet for the elect as such, although none 
 but the elect would ever receive its benefits; but that it was 
 made for His body — that body corporate, of which from time 
 to time individuals became members by regeneration. His 
 Presbytery took exceptions to his theory, and in Oct., 1815, 
 
438 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 he was suspended from the ministry. He appealed to the 
 General Synod, but was unable, because of severe illness, to 
 attend its meeting in May, '16, and in his absence the Synod 
 enjoined him to submit to his suspension until he could be 
 heard. He submitted and appeared before the Synod in May, 
 '17, and defended himself in a speech of remarkable elo- 
 quence and power. The Synod decided: "That so much of 
 the libel against Rev. J. McChord as goes to charge him with 
 denying that any are represented in Adam who are not united 
 to him by natural generation, thereby making representation 
 consequent on natural generation; and so much of the libel 
 as charges him with denying that any are represented by 
 Christ in the covenant of grace until they are united to Christ 
 in regeneration, thereby making representation in Christ con- 
 sequent to regeneration, is relevant and true." He refused to 
 submit further and declined the authority of the Synod, and 
 in the autumn was received into the Presbyterian Ch. by the 
 Pres. of West Lexington. 
 
 In i8i3-'i4 a number of young persons in Lexington, not 
 professors of religion, from the very high estimate they had 
 of Mr. McChord' s talents, undertook to build a place of pub- 
 lic worship on the supposition that a congregation might 
 easily be gathered to attend upon his ministry, allowing him 
 to attach it to whatever church he saw fit. It was the man 
 and not the denomination for which they cared. On the 30th 
 of July, 1815, this new edifice was formally opened, the pews 
 sold, and the thing made a financial success, and it has ever 
 since been known as the "McChord Church." When he 
 united with the Presbyterian Ch. in '17, the congregation 
 went with him, although he had never been installed. He 
 was a man of unquestioned piety, and Dr. MacDill, who often 
 heard him, pronounced him "a profound theologian, an im- 
 pressive speaker, talented, eloquent, and possessing a brilliant 
 imagination," yet his success was but limited in this church, 
 which had been built for his sake rather than the gospel's 
 sake. He left Lexington in the autumn of '19 and took 
 charge of the Bourbon Academy at Paris, Ky., where he 
 died May 26, 1820, from fistula, from which he had long and 
 greatly suffered. Publications : A Sermon on Divine For- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 439 
 
 giveness, 1812; A Sermon on the Signs of the Times, 1813; 
 The Body of Christ, 8vo., 1814; A Sermon on "National 
 Safety," preached before the Legislatnre of Kentucky, 18 15; 
 His Defence before the General Synod in 181 7; A Volnme of 
 Sermons, 1818; A Volume of Posthumous Discourses, 1822. 
 
 McCLANAHAN, Alexander W. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 28, 1821, near W. Union, Adams Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Miami in 1844, and studied theology at Ox- 
 ford; was licensed in the spring of 1847 by the Pres. of Chilli- 
 cothe, and ordained in '48 by the same; was pastor of Decatur, 
 Brown Co., O., i848-'55; went to Illinois, but in '57 was 
 recalled to his old charge, where he remained until he died. 
 In '62 he was suspended from the ministry for marrying his 
 deceased wife's sister; he appealed to Synod, and after its 
 confirming the sentence, but before he heard the decision, he 
 died Oct. 29, 1862, from typhoid fever. 
 McCLANAHAN, William Steel: 
 
 Was born Jan. 26, 1836, in Adams Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in i860, and studied theology at Monmouth; 
 was licensed Mar. 31, '64, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 22, '65, by First Ohio; was S. S. for a year at Dayton, 
 O. ; pastor of Grandview and Harrison, la., 1867-Sept. 29, '70; 
 of Viola, 111., May 4, 1871-Jan. 19, '87; Homestead, 111., since 
 Sept., 1887. 
 McCLELLAN, David Martin: 
 
 Was born May 23, 1837, in Hebron, Washington Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1861, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap, 12, 1864, by Argyle Pres., and 
 ordained, sine titulo^ Sept. 10, '67, by Conemaugh; was pas- 
 tor of Homer City, Indiana Co., Pa., June i, 1868-June 17, 
 '73; of Kansas City Mo., since Nov. 26, 1874. 
 
 McClelland, george t. : 
 
 Was born in 1844 at Pardoe, Mercer Co., Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1869, ^"^ studied theology at Monmouth 
 and Princeton; was licensed in the spring of 1872 by Keokuk 
 Pres., and ordained May 5, '74, by Lake; pastor of Franklin, 
 Venango Co., Pa., May, 1874-May 2, '76; S. S. at Garretts- 
 ville, N. Y.,Kittanning, Pa., and Millersburg, O. 
 
440 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 McCLELIvAND, Hugh R. : 
 
 Was born May 23, 1846, at Pardee, Mercer Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1867, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1868, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 27, '70, by Mercer; pastor of Mt. Jackson, 
 Lawrence Co., Pa., Oct. 27, 1870-Sept. 14, '85; Sparta, 111., 
 May 8, 1886- 
 
 McCLENAHAN, David A. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 24, 1853, ^^^^ Fairview, Guernsey Co., O. ; 
 was graduated in 1876 at Muskingum, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 21, 1880, by Mus- 
 kingum Pres., and ordained Sept. 20, '81, by Mansfield; pas- 
 tor of Avondale and Amity, Cochecton Co., O., Dec. 18, 1881- 
 Sept. 19, '82; West 44th St., New York, Nov. 13, 1882-Nov. 
 20, '85; Prof, of Hebrew in the Theo. Sem., Allegheny, Pa., 
 since 1885. 
 
 McCLENAHAN, James Urie*: 
 
 Was born in Aug., 1836, at Fairview, O. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1866, and studied theology at Monmouth; was 
 licensed Ap. 11, 1867, by Rock Island Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 9, '69, by Le Claire; was pastor at Wyoming, Jones 
 Co., la., Sept. 1869-Oct. 15, '72; Davenport, la,. May, 
 i873-'4; Winterset Jan. 2, 1875-Sept, 23, ''^']\ Olathe, Kan., 
 June 12, '78, until death Oct. 12, 1879. 
 
 McCIvENAHAN, Robert Stewart: 
 
 Was born in June, 1838, in Antrim, Guernsey Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1874, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 6, 1876, by Monmouth Pres., and 
 ordained Jan. 9, '78, by Neosho; pastor of Arkansas City, 
 Kan., from ordination till 1882; Thornville and Rush Creek, 
 O., June 18, 1883-6; Sycamore, O., Ap. 26, 1887- 
 McCLESTER, Robert Patterson: 
 
 Was born at New Scottsville, Beaver Co. , Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1875, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed May 8, 1878, by Brookville Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 14, '80, by the same; pastor of Brownsdale and 
 Union, Butler Co., since June 15, 1880. 
 
THE MINSITRY. 441 
 
 McCLINTOCK, Joseph (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 18, 1810, in Washington Co., Pa,; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1837, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed June 21, 1843, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 ordained, sine titulo^ Aug. 13, '46, by Miami; was pastor of 
 Mountville and New Castle, Lawrence Co., Pa., Sept., 1847- 
 '56; after a long retirement at Worth, Pa., he went to Chase 
 City, Va., in 1875, and there died Mar. 7, 1879. 
 McCLINTOCK, Thomas (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1762 about thirty miles from the city of Sligo, 
 in Ireland; in 1784 he came to the U. S. and taught school 
 for several years at Canon's Mills, now Canonsburg, in Wash- 
 ington Co., Pa. Here he prosecuted his classical studies in 
 the academy which preceded Jefferson College, and studied 
 theology for six winters with Dr. Anderson at Service. He 
 was licensed June 21, 1801, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 Jan. 27, '03, by the same. On the 7th of Ap., '03, he ac- 
 cepted a call to Cool Spring, now Mercer, Pa., and to Scrub- 
 grass, now East Unity, Venango Co., and to Boiling Spring, 
 now Hannony, Butler Co., and was installed on the 8th of 
 May. On the 2d of May, '05, he resigned Cool Spring, and 
 retained the other two until his death, which occurred at his 
 residence in the Harmony congregation on the loth of Mar., 
 1832. 
 McCLINTOCK, William James: 
 
 Was born Mar. 27, 1853, near Harrisville, Butler Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., in 1878; 
 taught four years, and then studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Jan. 21, 1885, by Butler Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 7, '85, by Steubenville; pastor of Calcutta, Columbiana 
 Co., O., since ordination. 
 
 McCLURE, James T., D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born July 19, 1822, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Duquesne College, Pittsburgh, in 1846, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 28, 1849, 
 by Monongahela Pres., and ordained May 8, '50, by Steuben- 
 ville; pastor in Wheeling, W. Va., since ordination; delegate 
 to the Pan-Presbyterian Council in 1877. Publication: 
 Science and the Bible, 12 mo., 1882. 
 28 
 
442 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 McCLURE, William Sloan: 
 
 Was born Sept, 4, 1853, at W. Middletown, Washiiig-ton 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 1877, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 14, 1880, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Jan. 13, '81, by Xenia; pas- 
 tor of Sugar Creek, Greene Co. , O. , since ordination. 
 McCONNELL, Alexander Archibald*: 
 
 Was graduated at Franklin in 1863, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed June 27, 1865, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Feb. 6, '66, by Second New York; was 
 pastor of Newark, N. J., i866-'9; joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and died in the pastorate of Crawford, N. J., Sept. 17, 
 
 I87-3- 
 
 McCONNELL, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1771 in Ireland; was educated in literature 
 and theology in Scotland; was licensed by an Asso. Pres. in 
 Ireland, and came to the U. S. in 1797; was ordained in the 
 spring of 1799 by the First Asso. Ref. Pres. of Pennsylvania; 
 was pastor of Big Spring, Cumberland Co., Pa., 1799-Nov. 
 6, 1809; commenced labor in Deer Creek and Puckety, Alle- 
 gheny Co., in Ap., '11, and was installed on the 4th of Sept. ; 
 was released from the latter Ap. 2, ^23^ ^^^ from the former 
 Jan. 15, '45, and died Mar. 3, 1848. 
 
 McCONNELL, John Stark: 
 
 Was graduated at Franklin in 1858, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1861, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained, sme titulo^ Sept. 4, '62, by Cleveland; 
 was S. S. in Cleveland, O., 1862-6; joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and is pastor at Lawrenceville, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 McCONNELL, William Alexander: 
 
 Was born Jan. 11, 1830, in Mansfield, O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1857, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed June 16, 1858, by Mansfield Pres., (A. R.,) and or- 
 dained June 15, '59, by Mansfield (United Presbyterian); 
 pastor of Amity and connections June, 1859-Sept., '64; of 
 Mt. Pleasant, Washington Co., Pa., since Oct., 31, 1865. 
 Publications: Jacob Wrestling, a Sermon, 1870; Why Are 
 You Not a Communicant? a tract, United Presbyterian B. 
 Pub., 1880. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 443 
 
 McCONNELL, William Landis (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 19, 1829, near Canonsburg, Pa. ; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1853, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed June 25, 1856, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Mar. 9, '58, by Allegheny; was pastor of Han- 
 over, Beaver Co., i858-'8; of Sewickley and West Newton 
 Dec. 25, 1860-' 5; and died in Allegheny July 18, 1866, from 
 consumption. 
 
 McCONNELL, William Thompson: 
 
 Was born Ap. 13, 1847, near W. Middletown, Washington 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 1871, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 1873, by Char- 
 tiers Pres., and ordained Nov. 18, '73, by Beaver Valley; pas- 
 tor of Mahoning and Poland from ordination; resigned 
 Poland Ap. 11, 1882, Mahoning June 24, '83; Kirkwood 111., 
 Ap. 24, 1884- Publications: The Bible in the Public Shools, 
 a Sermon; No Night There, a Sermon; Addresses at Dr. 
 Goodwillie's Semi-Centennial Celebration. 
 
 McCORD, Matthew S. : 
 
 Was born in Ireland; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1872, and studied theology at Newburgh; was licensed in Ap., 
 1874, by First New York Pres., and ordained Dec. 29, '74, 
 by Boston ; pastor in Providence, R. I. , since ordination. 
 
 Mccormick, George: 
 
 Was born Nov. 24, 1847, ^^ Spring Run, Franklin Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Amherst in 1869, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. ii, 1871, by Allegheny 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 22, '72, by Butler; was pastor of 
 Butler, Pa., Oct., 1872-Ap. 22, '73; of Salinas, Cal., since 
 Sept. 29, 1873. 
 
 McCOY, Albert Gallatin, Ph. D. : 
 
 Was born May 7, 1849, ^^ Calcutta, O. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1874, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed June 16, 1875, hy Des Moines Pres., and ordained 
 Sept, 26, '76, by Monongahela; was pastor of the Seventh 
 Ch., Pittsburgh, Sept., 1876-Dec. 31, '78; editor of the Chris- 
 tian Instructor^ Chicago, 111., Jan., 1879- Ap. 1882. 
 
444 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 McCOY, Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1754 in Ireland, and having gone through 
 a preparatory course and ready for college, the family in 1774 
 came to the Province of Pennsylvania. His father soon after- 
 ward died, and the altered circumstances of the family dis- 
 couraged him from further preparation for the ministry, and 
 he settled upon a farm and married. He subsequently con- 
 cluded to go on with his studies, and entered Dickinson in 
 1792, and studied theology with the Rev. John Jamieson of 
 Westmoreland Co., and was licensed May 4, 1795, by the 
 Second Pennsylvania Presbytery. He was by the same Pres. 
 ordained Oct. 29, '95, and installed over Three Ridges, West 
 Alexander, Pa., and Short Creek, in Ohio Co., West Va. 
 These congregations had just seceded from the Presbyterian 
 Ch., because of the introduction of Watts' Psalms and 
 Hymns. 
 
 The Asso. Ref. Synod at its meeting in May, 1799, in 
 in Greencastle, Pa., adopted its "Constitution and Stan- 
 dards," and in doing so modified the doctrine of the West- 
 minster Confession of Faith "concerning the power of the 
 civil magistrate in matters of religion." Against this modi- 
 fication or change Mr. McCoy protesed, and on the 29th 
 of June declined the further authority and jurisdiction of the 
 Asso. Ref. Church. On the nth of Nov., 1800, the Rev. 
 Robert Warwick pursued the same course and for the same 
 reason. These two ministers, with two ruling elders, met 
 together on the 27th of Jan., 1801, in the town of Washing- 
 ton, Pa., and "did, by solemn prayer, constitute themselves 
 into a Presbytery, under the denomination of The Reformed 
 Dissenting Presbytery. ' ' 
 
 His two congregations adhered to him, and for some years 
 he gave a part of his time to a third congregation near Farm- 
 ington, across the river, in Belmont Co. , O. On account of 
 an infirmity that made it difficult for him to ride on horse- 
 back, he resigned his charge about 1820 and moved to Pitts- 
 burgh, and preached there until his successor, the Rev. John 
 Pattison, died in 1825, when he returned, and riding to his 
 places of preaching in a gig (a new importation), served his 
 two original congregations for seven or eight years, when the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 445 
 
 infirmities of age compelled liim to give them over to a suc- 
 cessor, the Rev. William Neil. He died June 17, 1834, from 
 paralysis. Publication: The Narrative of the Reformed Dis- 
 senting- Presbytery. 
 
 McCOY, Elijah (A.)*: 
 
 Grandson of the Rev. Alexander; was born in 1808 in Ohio 
 Co., West Va. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1837, and 
 studied theology with his pastor, the Rev. William Neil; 
 was licensed in May, 1840, by the Reformed Dissenting Pres., 
 and ordained, sine titiilo^ by the same, in the autumn of the 
 same year. He accepted, Sept. 13, '41, a call from Eagle 
 Greek, Cherry Fork, Scioto, Brush Creek and Xenia, and 
 continued to preach for these little societies, without installa- 
 tion, until the union of the Reformed Dissenting Pres. with 
 the Associate Synod in 1851. He did not unite with the 
 Asso. Synod until 1853, and then supplied for five years in 
 various places; was pastor at Trivoli, Peoria Co., 111., 1858- 
 '66. He died June 20, 1875, at Kirkwood, 111. He died in 
 church, having just finished serving a communion table. 
 
 McCOY, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Joined the Asso. Ref. Pres., of Springfield in June, 1845, 
 from the Asso. Ref. Synod of the South; passed in a few 
 months to the Pres., of Illinois, and in 1847 received a certi- 
 ficate to connect elsewhere. Died Ap. 12, 1879, in Texas, in 
 the Presbyterian Ch. 
 
 Mccracken, clark leal: 
 
 Was born Jan. 28, 1848, in Kortright, Delaware Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1869, and studied theology at 
 Princeton and Newburgh; was licensed Ap, 26, 1871, by 
 Delaware Pres., and ordained Oct. 28, '73, by Boston; pastor 
 at Thompsonville, Conn., Oct. 28, '73-Oct. 21, '84; Rock 
 Valley, la., since July 13, 1887. Publications: An Historical 
 Sermon; Memorial of Elijah Churchill; Index to Kitto's 
 Bible Illustrations. 
 
 Mccracken, John Steele (A. R.)*: 
 
 Brother of Samuel W. ; was born Ap. 25, 1804, near Cin- 
 cinnati, O. ; was graduated at Miami U., in 1838, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny and Oxford; was licensed Ap. 15, 1841, 
 
446 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 by First Ohio Pres., and ordained sine titulo^ Aug. 23, '43, 
 by the same; was S. S. at Kenton, O., 1843-6, and pastor 
 until 1 85 1. As broken health would allow, he taught and 
 supplied neighboring vacancies during the remainder of his 
 life. He died in Xenia, April i, 1863, of chronic cystitis. 
 Mccracken, Robert: 
 
 Was born in 1823 i^ Castlewellan, county Down, Ireland; 
 was graduated at Queen's College, Belfast, and studied the- 
 ology with Drs. John and Andrew Black, of Pittsburgh; was 
 licensed in 1847, and ordained in May, '48, by the Presbytery 
 of Pittsburgh of the Ref Pres. Church (N. S.); was installed 
 in May, 1848, over the Covenanter congregations of Austin- 
 town, O., and Pleasant Hill, Pa.: resigned the former in '51, 
 and the latter in '58; was pastor of Walnut Hill, Marion Co., 
 111., 1858-60; joined the United Presbyterian Ch. ; was pas- 
 tor of Paxton, 111., 1861-5, where he still lives, although 
 prevented by ill health from preaching. In 1876 he trans- 
 ferred his membership to the Congregational Church. 
 
 Mccracken, Samuel W. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1800 or 1801 near Cincinnati, O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Miami in 1831, and studied theology privately, with 
 one year at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1835, by First 
 Ohio, and ordained, sine titnlo^ Ap. 20, '36, by the same; 
 was Prof, of Languages in Miami University 1835-7, ^^^ ^f 
 Mathematics 1837-40, and during much of this time S. S., 
 in Oxford; was pastor of Hopewell, Preble Co., O., from 
 spring of 1840 until his death, which occurred Sept., 10, 
 1859, from acute cystitis. 
 McCREA, James: 
 
 Was born Oct. 21, 1818, in Belmont Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Madison College in 1855, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Aug. 7, i860, by Muskingum Pres., and 
 ordained Aug. 8, '65, by the same; pastor of Somerville and 
 Eden, Ind., Aug. 20, 1868-April 17, '73; of Salem, Ind., June 
 23, 1876-Ap. 12, '79; S. S. in Wells Co., Ind., i88o-'5; pastor 
 Blue Hill and Superior, Neb., Mar. 4, 1886-Sept. 20, 1887. 
 McCREA, Robert T: 
 
 Was born in Black Lick township, Indiana Co. , Pa. ; was 
 
THE MINISTRY. 447 
 
 graduated at Westminster in 1863, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed April 9, 1867, by Conemaugh Pres. 
 and ordained Nov. 9, '69, by Mercer; was pastor of Lebanon 
 and Shenango, Lawrence Co., Nov., 1869-Aug., '74; of At- 
 lantic and Cass Centre, Cass Co., la., since Oct. 6, '76: re- 
 signed Atlantic March 31, '86. 
 McCREADY, Jonathan Sharp (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 15, 1828, at New Galilee, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1852, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburgh; was licensed Oct. i, 1855, by Ohio Pres., and 
 ordained Aug. 7, '56, by Muskingum; was pastor at Cadiz, O., 
 from his ordination until his death. On the i4tli of Aug., 
 1862, he entered the army as captain of volunteers, and after 
 seeinsf much active service was wounded in the battle of the 
 Wilderness, from the effects of which he died Sept. 7, 1864, 
 in the house of Mr. W. K. Carson, in Baltimore. He was a 
 man of excellent abilities as well as of noble and generous 
 impulses. 
 
 McCREADY, Robert J. : 
 
 Brother of Jonathan, S. , was educated at Franklin, and 
 studied theology at Xenia; was licensed June 17, 1868, by 
 Wheeling Pres., and ordained Ap. 28, '71, by Nebraska; pas- 
 tor at Pawnee City, Neb, since ordination. 
 McCREERY, William H. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 17, 1839, in Ligonier Valley, Westmore- 
 land Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 1870, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 19, 1872, 
 by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ Sept. i, 
 '74, by the same; went to Colorado for the benefit of his health, 
 and there organized the congregation of Loveland in 1875, 
 and supplied it until June, 1880. Superintendent of schools, 
 Larimer Co., Col., 1883- 
 
 McCRORY, James Thomas: 
 
 Was born Aug. 26, 1846, in Morgan Co., O., and moved to 
 western Illinois in '60; was graduated at Monmouth in 1875, 
 and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 11, 1876, 
 by Rock Island Pres., and ordained Ap. 12, ''']']^ by the same; 
 was pastor of N. Henderson, 111., April, 1877-June 10, '80; of 
 the Third Ch., Pittsburgh, since Aug. 8, 1880. 
 
448 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 McCRORY, William James: 
 
 Was born Feb. 15, 1853, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1879, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed April 13, 1880, by Allegheny Pres., and 
 ordained Oct. 10, '81, by the Lake; pastor of Adamsville, 
 Crawford Co., Pa., 188 1-' 2; Gerlaw, Warren Co., 111., Feb. 
 10, 1883-Aug. 5, '84; Aledo, 111., Ap. 28, 1885-May, '87. 
 
 Mcculloch, John Scouller, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Sept. 5, 1829, at Big Spring, Cumberland Co.. 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1854, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1857, by Big Spring Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 23, '59, by Bloomington; was pastor in 
 Peoria, 111., Aug., 1859-Sept., '64; was Chaplain of 77th Illi- 
 nois Volunteers Ap. 5, 1864-July 28, '65; pastor of ii6th 
 St., New York, Ap. 3, 1866-Aug. i, ''']']; President of Knox- 
 ville College, Tenn., since Aug., 1877. Publication: History 
 of the United Presbyterian Ch. , a Synopsis, published by tlie 
 Board of Publication. 
 
 McCULLOUGH, Boyd: 
 
 Was born in 1825 in Rathfriland, county Down, Ireland, 
 and brought by his parents in 1832 to Jefferson Co., Pa. 
 The family belonged to the old school Covenanters, and he 
 was educated under the auspices of that church. He was 
 licensed in Ap., 1852, by the Lakes Presbytery (Ref. Pres.), 
 and ordained July 4, '55, by the same; was pastor at Novi, 
 Mich., i855-'7i; spent a year in England, Ireland and Scot- 
 land among the Covenanter societies. After returning to this 
 country and itinerating for a time he joined the United Pres- 
 byterian Ch. in Aug., '75, and was S. S. at Caledonia and 
 Pepin, Wabasha Co., Minn., 1876-86. 
 
 McCUNE, William C. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Beaver Co., Pa., about 1830; was graduated at 
 Jefferson in 1851, and studied theology at Allegheny. The 
 Monongahalea Pres. declined to license him Ap. 12, 1854, but 
 he was licensed on the 25th of the following Dec. by the First 
 Pres. of Ohio, and ordained, sine titulo^ by the same Jan. 15, 
 '56. He organized a mission church in Cincinnati and labored 
 there as missionary and pastor until July, '67. He published 
 
THE MINISTRY. 449 
 
 a work upon Church Fellowship, for which he was brought 
 into the courts of the church in '66, and the case having been 
 appealed to the General Assembly of '67, it was there de- 
 cided that he was guilty of " holding and defending serious 
 and fundamental error on the subject of church fellowship." 
 He then united with the Presbyterian Ch. and soon after- 
 ward organized a non-denominational congregation in the 
 suburbs of Cincinnati, which resulted in an important trial 
 before the Presbytery of Cincinnati; and although not con- 
 victedlof positive error, it became the cause of his transferring 
 his ecclesiastical relations to the Congregational Ch., in which 
 he held a pastorate in Texas, and is now in the Presbyterian 
 Ch. in Southern Kansas. His great aim was the abolition of 
 all denominational lines. 
 
 McDHvL, Andrew Thomas: 
 
 Was born July 2, 1837, near Biggsville, Henderson Co., 
 111. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1862, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 10, 1867, by Monmouth 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 14, '69, by Chicago; pastor of Ross 
 Grove, 111., Ap,, i869-'7i; was President of Amity College, 
 la., for five years; was founder and editor of the children's 
 papers, Olive Plants^ Little Preacher^ and Young Christian^ 
 at Chicago, 1876-Dec,, '80; assistant editor of the Christian 
 Instructor'^ i88o-'5; connected with the newspaper press in 
 California. 
 MacDILL, David, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 27, 1790, in S. Carolina; was graduated at 
 Transylvania University, Ky., in 1813, and studied theology 
 four years in New York under Dr. Mason ; was licensed Aug. 
 6, 181 7, by the Pres. of Ohio, and ordained Oct, i, '18, by 
 the same; was pastor of Hamilton, O., and for a while of 
 Concord also, Oct., 1818-June, '47; of Sparta, 111., Ap,, 
 i849-'56; retired to Monmouth, 111., and preached occasionally 
 in vacancies and wrote much for the press. He was long 
 editor of the Christian Intelligencer and of the Evangelical 
 Guardian; was connected with the United Presbyterian^ 
 while yet a monthly, in Cincinnati, and editor of the Western 
 United Presbyterian when located at Monmouth. He wrote 
 more for the periodic press than any man in the church in 
 
450 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 his day, having written very frequently during forty years 
 for all its papers. The style of his articles was always clear, 
 pointed and terse, and the matter seasonable and judicious. 
 The same qualities characterized his preaching, while his 
 manner was quiet and subdued. He was reverent and de- 
 vout in the pulpit, and yet frequently indulged in sarcasm, 
 of which he was a thorough master. He died June 15, 1870, 
 in Monmouth. 
 
 MacDILL, David, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Aug. 26, 1826, in Preble Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Centre College, Ky., in 1849, ^^^^ studied theology at Ox- 
 ford and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 7, 1852, by First Ohio 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 8, '53, by Chillicothe; was pastor 
 at Cherry Fork, O. , Sept., 1853-June i, '76, and pastor of 
 Henderson, 111., March 3, 1877-July i, '84; was Professor of 
 Philosophy in Monmouth College Sept. i, i876-'85; Professor 
 in Theo. Sem., in Xenia, since Sept., 1885. Publications: 
 Life of Judge Morrison, i8mo., 1863; Secret Societies, i8mo., 
 1866; The Bible a Miracle, 8vo., 1872; The Higher Critics, 
 pp. 173, 1881. 
 
 McDILL, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1806 in Preble Co., O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami in 1829, ^^^ studied theology with the Rev. Alex. 
 Porter; was licensed in Dec, 1832, by First Ohio Pres., and 
 ordained June 22, '35, by Indiana; was pastor near S. Han- 
 over, Ind., June, 1835-May, '38, and died July 27, 1840, from 
 consumption. 
 
 McDILL, Nathan Caldwell, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Hopewell, Preble Co. , O. ; was graduated at 
 Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1848, and studied theology 
 at Oxford; was licensed in May, 1 851, by First Ohio Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 23, '52, by Indiana; was at ordination in- 
 stalled pastor of Richland and Milroy, Rush Co., Ind; in 
 '59 he resigned the latter and still retains the former. Pub- 
 lications: Charge to Drs. Carson, McMichael and Moorehead 
 at their inauguration at Xenia in 1873; Coming to Jesus, a 
 tract, by the Board of Publication, 1880. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 45I 
 
 McDILL, Samuel Hampton: 
 
 Son of Dr. Nathan C. ; was born Feb. 20, i860, at Rich- 
 land, Ind. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1884, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 27, 1886, by Indiana 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 8, '87, by Northern Indiana; pastor 
 of Salem, Boone Co., Ind., since ordination. 
 
 McDonald, David Rentoul: 
 
 Was born July 10, 1856, in Glasgow, Scotland; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1881; Prof, one year in Grove City 
 College, Mercer Co., Pa., and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 7, 1885, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 6, '85, by the same; pastor at Tarentum, Pa., since or- 
 dination. 
 
 Mcdonald, George White: 
 
 Was born Oct. 31, 1851, at Pitmiddle, Perthshire, Scot- 
 land; was graduated at Westminster in 1877, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 27, 1879, ^7 ^^^^ 
 Allegheny Pres., and ordained July 6, '80, by the same, and 
 installed pastor of Seventh Ch. , iVllegheny. 
 Mcdonald, H. Anderson: 
 
 Was born Oct. 29, 1839, in Bloomfield, Muskingum Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1866, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Xenia; was licensed Dec. 29, 1868, by Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 14, '69, by Chartiers; was pastor of 
 Chartiers Cross Roads Oct., 1869-Oct. 15, '72; Cleveland, O., 
 Dec. 3, 1872-Aug. 30, '75; Morning Sun, O., June 19, 1877- 
 Ap. 23, '78; of North Ch., Philadelphia, June 11, 1878-Oct. 
 II, '81; of York, N. Y., Dec. i, i88i-Dec., '85; Oxford, O., 
 Jan. 5, 1886- 
 
 McDOWELL, John Quincy Adams: 
 
 Was born Nov. 20, 1853, i^^ Worth Township, Mercer Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1878, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 5, 1881, by Allegheny 
 Pres., and ordained Feb. 13, '82, by Philadelphia; pastor of 
 North Ch., Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 13, 1882-Nov. 28, '84; 
 2d New Castle, Pa., since May 5, 1886. 
 
 Mcdowell, Nathaniel (A.): 
 
 Was born July 29, 1821, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 
452 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 graduated at Washington in 1843, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed July 9, 1846, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained sine titulo^ July 13, '47, by the same; pastor of 
 Bethel, Smith Creek and N. Henderson, 111., 1849-54; Craw- 
 fordsville, la., i854-'65; has retired to Indianola, la. 
 
 Mcdowell, oswell gifford: 
 
 Was born in Mercer Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Westmin- 
 ster in 1881, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Jan. I, 1884, by Mercer Pres., and ordained in May, '85, by 
 Wheeling; pastor at Harrisville, O., May, 1885-Oct. 6, '86; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is pastor at New Bethlehem, 
 Clarion Co., Pa. 
 
 McEACHRON, George Mairs (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 3, 1826, in Argyle, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Union in 1848, and studied theology at Newburgh; was 
 licensed June 30, 1851, by Washington Pres., and ordained 
 Jan, II, '53, by New York; was pastor at Mongaup, Sulli- 
 van Co., N. Y., i853-'8; joined the Ref. Dutch Ch. and was 
 pastor in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1 858-' 66; joined the Presby- 
 terian Ch. and was pastor of a church in New York city for a 
 few years, and remained without a charge until his death in 
 July, 1884. 
 McEACHRON, Willard Scouller: 
 
 Was born Mar. 17, 1854, in Argyle, Washington Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated in 1878 at Princeton, and studied theology 
 at Princeton; was licensed May 3, 1881, by Argyle Pres., and 
 ordained Dec. 27, '81, by the same; pastor of Hebron, Wash- 
 ington Co., N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 McELHENNY, George: 
 
 Was born Mar. 27, 1810, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Darlington Academy, and studied theology privately; was 
 
 licensed by the Free Presbyterian Pres. of Mahoning, 
 
 and ordained Sept. 30, '50; was S. S. in different Free Pres- 
 byterian Churches; joined the United Presbyterian Ch. about 
 1870; supplied for a time, and is retired at Darlington, Pa. 
 
 McELHENNY, William G. (A.)*: 
 
 Was graduated at Jefferson in 1846, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1850, by Shenango Pres., 
 
THE MINISTRY. 453 
 
 and ordained May 10, '55, by New York; was pastor in Ho- 
 
 boken, N. J., from his ordination until his death, May 20, 
 
 i860. 
 
 McELREE, Edward Newton: 
 
 Was born June 6, 1838, in Harrisville, Butler Co., Pa. ; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1858, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed May 7, 1862, by Butler Pres., and 
 ordained June 16, '63, by the same; pastor at Freeport, Pa., 
 1863-Ap., '74; at Irwin, Westmoreland Co., Oct. 19, 1875- 
 Ap. 8, '79; at Neshannock and Oak Grove, Lawrence Co., 
 June 24, 1879-Feb. 6, '85; Beaver Falls, Ap. 14, 1886- 
 McELREE, JohnC.*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 12, 1835, in Harrisville, Butler Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1865, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 29, 1867, by Butler Pres., 
 and ordained May 5, '69, by the same; pastor at East Unity 
 and Clinton ville, Venango Co., Pa., from ordination till Sept. 
 22, '85; Grove City, Pa., Nov. 18, 1885, until death, Ap. 5, 
 1886. 
 Mcelroy, Joseph, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born near Newville, Pa., Dec. 29, 1792; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1812, and studied theology in New York under 
 Dr. Mason; was licensed June 19, 1816, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 6, by the same; pastor of the First 
 Asso. Ref. Ch. of Pittsburgh, Nov., i8i6-Jan. 14, '24; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch. , and was pastor of the Scotch Ch. , New 
 York city, May, 1824, until his death, Sept. 16, 1876. 
 McELWEE, William (A. R.): 
 
 Was educated at Princeton, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Sept. 25, 1857, ^Y Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 10, '58, by Big Spring; was installed at 
 Gettysburg and Chambersburg, Pa., Nov., '58; resigned the 
 latter Sept. 11, '61, and the former Ap. 10, '63; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. ; was pastor in Philadelphia for a few years, 
 and is at Bowling Green, O., but not in the ministry. 
 
 McELWEE, William Meek, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. i, 1802, in York Co., S. C. ; was graduated 
 at the College of South Carolina in 1820, and studied theol- 
 
454 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ogy with the Rev. J. Miishat for a year and finished at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed Aug, 3, 1825, ^Y ^^^^ Pres. of the 
 Carolinas; was ordained Ap. 5, '27, by the same; was pastor 
 of Tirzah and Sharon, York Co., S. C, Ap., 1827-Oct., '32; 
 took charge of King's Creek (now Frankfort), and Service, 
 in Beaver Co., Pa., in Mar., '33; resigned the latter in July, 
 '51, and continued to serve the former until July, '78, 
 when he retired from active labor after a pastoral service 
 of fifty-three years, and died June i, 1886, at Frankford 
 Springs, Pa. Publications: Two Sermons in the Asso. Ref. 
 Pulpit, Vol. IV. ; The Memoirs of Drs. J. Ramsey, A. Ander- 
 son and T. Beveridge, and a large number of articles in the 
 Evangelical Repository. 
 
 McEWEN, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1801 in Crieff, Perthshire, Scotland; was aca- 
 demically educated in Philadelphia, and studied theology at 
 Princeton; was ordained, sijie titulo.^ Ap. 24, '34, by Phila- 
 delphia (Presbyterian). In 1834 the Asso. Ref. Synod of 
 New York resolved to engage in the work of Foreign Mis- 
 sions, but not feeling able to maintain a station alone it was 
 agreed to cooperate for the present with "The Western For- 
 eign Missionary Society," a local society of the Presbyterian 
 Ch. with headquarters at Pittsburgh. The Synod was to 
 select the missionary and support him as far as possible, and 
 the Society to supplement. Mr. McEwen joined the Asso. 
 Ref. Pres. of New York, and was chosen as the missionary. 
 He and his wife sailed on the i6th of Nov., 1835, in company 
 with the Rev. Mr. Campbell, of the Ref Presbyterian Ch. 
 (N. S.), and Messrs. Winslow and Dwight, of the Ceylon 
 Mission. This missionary band commenced their work im- 
 mediately at sea by keeping up daily religious service, which 
 resulted in such a revival of religion that there were but few 
 sailors aboard the ship who remained unconverted when they 
 arrived at Calcutta. Mr, McEwen located at Allahabad, and 
 met with immediate success in the gathering of a school and 
 the early organization of a church of thirteen members from 
 among those who were employed by the Government and 
 could speak the English language. The climate was not 
 suited to his constitution, and he was able to remain only a 
 
THE MINISTRY. 455 
 
 little over a year, when his health failed so completely that 
 it was with great difficulty he could get out of the country. 
 He arrived home in 1838, resigned his appointment, spent a 
 year in Scotland recuperating, and then joined the Presbyte- 
 rian Ch., and was pastor at Delhi, N. Y., until his death, 
 Mar. II, 1845, from consumption. 
 McFARLAND, A. Boyd C. : 
 
 Was born in Belmont Co., O. ; was graduated at Monmouth 
 in 1875, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 13, 1878, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained Sept. 10, '78, by 
 Butler; pastor of Fairview, Butler Co., Pa., since ordination. 
 
 McFARLAND, Henry Cowan (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 4, 1823, ^^ Shirland, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1848, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 26, 1851, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 12, '53, by the same; was pastor of 
 Mifflin, Allegheny Co., Ap., 1853-Nov. 3, '57; installed over 
 East Liberty and Hebron June 22, '58; released from the latter 
 June 28, '64, and from the former Ap. 11, '65; was for a few 
 years S. S. at Verona. Now without charge at Pittsburgh 
 because of infirm health. 
 McFARLAND, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was graduated at Transylvania LTniversity, Lexington, Ky., 
 in 1808, and studied theology in New York with Dr. Mason; 
 was licensed Aug. 23, 181 2, by the Pres. of Kentucky, and 
 ordained June 28, '14, by the same; was pastor of Chillicothe, 
 O., June, 1814-Ap. 10, '18. When the Synod of Scioto left 
 the General Synod and organized as the Synod of the West, 
 he declined the new organization, joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch. in 1820, and was pastor at Paris, Bourbon Co., Ky., 
 June 13, '20, until his death, July 28, 1828. 
 McFARLAND, James Wilson (A.): 
 
 Brother of the Rev. Dr. William H. ; was born at New 
 Athens, O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1851, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 2, 1854, by Mus- 
 kingum Pres., and ordained Sept. 24, '57, by Richland; was 
 pastor of Wooster, O., 1857-62; was chaplain all through the 
 civil war; S. S. at Jefferson, Allegheny Co., 1866-8; Irwin 
 
456 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Station and Bethel, Westmoreland Co., 1869-71; Is now in 
 
 California without charge. 
 
 McFARLAND, William Henderson, D. D. : 
 
 Was born June 14, 1832, near New Athens, O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1854, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed in June, 1857, ^7 Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained Jan. 7, '60, by the same; pastor at Cambridge, O., 
 since ordination; was chaplain of the 97th Ohio volunteers 
 for three years during the civil war, and was in twenty-eight 
 battles. Delegate to the Presbyterian Council of 1884. 
 
 McGAW, James Alexander Porter, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Fairhaven, Preble county, O., Feb. 4, 1835. 
 The next autumn his parents moved to Oquawka, 111., where 
 they died, and he was reared by his uncle, Daniel M. Gor- 
 don. He was graduated at Miami in 1856, and studied the- 
 ology at Oxford; was licensed in Ap., 1857, by First Ohio, 
 and ordained Aug. 3, '58, by the Second Asso. Ref. of Illi- 
 nois; was pastor at S. Henderson, 111., Aug., 1858-Feb., '67; 
 was Prof, of English Literature in Monmouth College 1867- 
 '8; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor in Urbana, 
 Ohio, and in Rock Island, 111. , and is now at Toledo, O. 
 
 McGEE, Levi: 
 
 Was ordained Aug. 18, 1874, by the Wesleyan Methodist 
 Church; joined the United Presbyterian Ch., in 1883, sup- 
 plied Austin, etc., Mich., i883-'5; pastor of Chikaskia, Kan., 
 Nov. 19, 1885-Sept. 28, '86. 
 
 McGIBBON, Andrew W. : 
 
 Was born March 30, 1838, in Cabin Hill, Delaware Co., 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1864, and studied 
 theology at Monmouth; was licensed in Ap., 1865, by Mon- 
 mouth Pres., and ordained Ap. 25, '66, by Bloomington; 
 was pastor of Berlin, Sangamon Co., 111., Ap., 1866-Sept., 
 '68; at New Kingston, Delaware Co., N. Y., May, 1870-Dec. 
 25, '83; joined the Ref. Dutch Ch., and in 1886, the Presby- 
 terian; is at Wappinger's Falls, N. Y. 
 
 McGILL, Alexander Taggart, D. D. LL. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born at Canonsburg, Pa., Feb. 24, 1807; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1826, and remained as tutor for two 
 
THE MINISTRY. 457 
 
 years; studied law at Milledgeville, Ga,, and was admitted to 
 the bar of Georgia, in 1830; in 1831 commenced the study 
 of theology at Canonsburg, and was licensed by the Asso. 
 Pres., of Philadelphia June 24, '34; was ordained by the 
 same Sept. 29, '35, as pastor of Carlisle and Unity; resigned 
 Nov. 2, '37; in Oct., '38, joined the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 was pastor of the Second Pres. Ch., of Carlisle i838-'42; 
 Prof in the Presbyterian Theo. Sem., in Allegheny, Pa., 
 i842-'52; transferred to the Theo. Sem. at Columbia, S. C, 
 1852; returned to Allegheny 1853, ^^^ was transferred to the 
 Theo. Sem. at Princeton, N. J., in 1854, where he still re- 
 mains. Publications: Numerous Special Sermons and Ad- 
 dresses, and newspaper and magazine articles. 
 
 McGILIv, David Frazier: 
 
 Was born March 22, 1857, at West Alexander, Pa. ; was 
 graduated at Washington and Jefferson in 1881, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 12, 1883, by Char- 
 tiers Pres., and ordained Ap. 21, '85, by Allegheny; pastor 
 of 6th Church, Allegheny, since ordination. 
 
 McGILL, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was most probably reared in eastern Pennsylvania; was 
 graduated at Dickinson in 1794, and studied theology pri- 
 vately; was licensed by the First Pres. of Pennsylvania, and 
 joined the Second Pres. of the Carolinas as a probationer 
 Ap. 8, 1801, and was by it ordained in May, 1802; was pas- 
 tor of Little River and Rocky Springs, in Abbeville District, 
 S. C, May, i8o2-'7. He was suspended in 1806 for "cer- 
 tain misdemeanors," that is, domestic difficulties, but Synod 
 sustained his appeal and restored him. He was a weak man, 
 neither apt to teach nor useful as a pastor, yet excepting his 
 domestic difficulties his character was never tarnished. He 
 probably labored under partial derangement, which resulted 
 in his separation from his wife and his leaving the ministry. 
 In 1807 he went west, settled in Ohio, lived as a recluse, and 
 died about 1830 unknown to the world around him. 
 McGILL, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 181 2 in Scotland; was graduated at the West- 
 ern University in 1832, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 29 
 
458 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 was licensed July 20, 1836, by Shenango Pres., and ordained 
 in Sept., '38, by Muskingum; was pastor in Cambridge, O., 
 1838-47; in Cleveland, O., i849-'6i; of Stamford, Canada 
 West, 1863-73; of Croswell, Sanilac Co., Mich., from 1873 
 until his death, Aug. 8, 1887. Publications: iVn iVddress 
 before the Students of Muskingum College, 1842; An Ad- 
 dress before the Literary Societies of Franklin College, 1843; 
 A Sermon on Benevolence before the St. Andrew's Society, of 
 Cleveland, 1851; An Efficient Ministry, an address before the 
 Xenia Theological Seminary, 1857. 
 
 McGIIvL, John A. (A.): 
 
 Was born near McAlevy's Fort, Huntingdon Co., Pa. ; was 
 educated at Jefferson and Franklin, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 30, 1850, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 7, '51, by Ohio; was pastor of Four Mile, 
 Beaver Co., 1851-Nov., '53; was six years Principal of Beaver 
 Academ}', during five of which he was S. S. for the Beaver 
 congregation, which he had organized; pastor of Eleventh St., 
 New York, May 28, 1861-March 30, '64; of Tuscarora and 
 Concord, Pa., Ap. 26, 1865-Sept. 29, '85, removed to Dalton, 
 Ga., on account of climate. 
 MacHATTON, Alexander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 12, 1817, in Scott Co., Ky; was graduated at 
 South Hanover in 1842, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed June 30, 1846, by Miami Pres., and ordained in 
 Sept., '60, by Northern Indiana; pastor of La Porte, Ind., 
 Sept, 1850-Aug., '53; pastor of Morea, Crawford Co., 111., 
 July, 1861-April 4, ''^•]\ joined the Presbyterian Ch. in April, 
 '79, and died in Morea, Aug. 7, 1884. 
 
 MacHATTON, Hugh (A.): 
 
 Brother of the Rev. Alex, ; was born January 19, 1825, i^ 
 Greene Co. , O. ; was graduated at South Hanover, Ind. , in 
 1851, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in 
 1855 by the Pres. of Miami, and ordained by the same in '58 
 sine titnlo; spent a number of years in the missionary field of 
 111. and Minn. ; was pastor of Massie's Creek, Greene Co., O., 
 autumn of 1867-Ap. 2; '72; pastor of West Bethel, Crawford 
 Co., 111., since Sept. 17, 1874. 
 
THE MINISTRY, 459 
 
 MacHATTON, Joseph (A. R.): 
 
 Brother of Alex. ; was born in Greene Co., O. ; was gradn- 
 ated at South Hanover and studied theology at Oxford ; was 
 licensed in Ap., 1854, by the Springfield Pres., and ordained 
 Nov. 6, '55, by Sidney; was pastor of Bellefontaine, O., Nov., 
 1855-Ap., '59; of Hopewell, Preble Co., O., June 4, 1861- 
 Ap., 7, '75; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and has charge of a 
 congregation at Bloom, 111. 
 McHENRY, David Smith (A.): 
 
 Was born July 28, 1823, i^ Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1845, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 13, 1849, ^Y Chartiers Pres., and ordained, sine 
 tihdo^ Nov. 10, '50, by Philadelphia; was pastor of Com- 
 merce and Nankin, Mich., May, i852-Jan.,'57; of York and 
 Covington, N. Y., May, 1858-Nov. 15, '64; he had been 
 sent by his Presbytery to serve for a season under the Chris- 
 tian Commission in the army on the James River, and con- 
 tracted a low malarial fever which disqualified him for pas- 
 toral labors; was pastor of Lansingville, Delaware Co., N. 
 Y., 1867-Oct. ; '75, when broken health induced him to go to 
 Santa Ana, Cal., where he organized a church and took charge 
 of it for two years; was S. S. at Roseville, Placer Co., Cal., 
 for a time; and then retired to Santa Ana. 
 
 McILFATRICK, John (A.): 
 
 Was received in Oct., 1855, by the Albany Pres. as a licen- 
 tiate from the Presbyterian Ch. of Canada; was ordained, ^z;/^ 
 titulo^ Sept. 2, '56, by Ohio Pres., and declined to enter the 
 union of 1858. 
 McINNIS, T. G. (A. R.): 
 
 Was educated and ordained in the Presbyterian Ch. ; sup- 
 plied the pulpit of the Thirteenth Street Asso. Ref. congre- 
 gation, Philadelphia, during the winter of 1821-2; joined the 
 Pres. of Philadelphia (A. R.) in Ap., 1822; went with his 
 congregation and Presbytery into the union of May, 1822, and 
 died in that relation Aug. 26, 1824. 
 McJIMSEY, John, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 18, 1772, near Gettysburg, Adams Co., Pa. ; 
 made a profession of religion when only fifteen years old; was 
 
460 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 graduated at Dickinson in 1792, and studied theology under 
 the direction of his pastor, the Rev. Alex. Dobbin, and also 
 of the Rev. John Smith, of Octoraro; was licensed in May, 
 1794, by the First Pres. of Pennsylvania. He spent the fol- 
 lowing autumn and winter in Kentucky, and the summer of 
 1795 in the State of New York, where he was solicited to 
 settle, but declined, as he had resolved to make Kentucky 
 the field of his labor, to which he also had a call. In passing 
 through New York city, on his return to the West, he was 
 attacked by yellow fever and brought to the very brink of the 
 grave. Having been carefully nursed in the family of Dr. J. 
 M. Mason, the well-known Mrs. Isabella Graham kindly said 
 to him on parting: "I wish you all prosperity, and affliction^ 
 too^ when necessary." He was ordained Dec. 24, 1795, by 
 the Presbytery that had licensed him. It was now too late 
 in the season to cross the mountains, and the Pres. revoked 
 his appointment and sent him to Orange Co., N. Y., where 
 he soon received a unanimous call, and was installed Dec. 22, 
 1796, as pastor of Neelytown. In 1802 he organized Gra- 
 ham's Ch., ten miles distant, out of a wing of his congrega- 
 tion, and served the two on alternate Sabbaths. He resigned 
 Oct, 18, 1809, and was installed July 13, '10, as pastor of the 
 Asso. Ref. Ch. of Albany, N. Y., and so remained till Oct. 7, 
 '13. He opened a classical school in Albany for two years; 
 was Principal of the Academy in Poughkeepsie i8i5-'i9; 
 Nov., 1819, he took charge of the Academy of Montgomery, 
 Orange Co., and at the same time became S. S. to his old 
 congregations of Neelytown and Graham's Ch. In the spring 
 of '32 he gave up his connection with the Academy and with 
 Neelytown and was installed as pastor of Graham's Ch., where 
 he remained until his death. He died in the harness, for he 
 preached regularly and performed pastoral labors to the last. 
 He kept up his habits of study, and wrote carefully and mem- 
 orized his sermons when eighty years of age. He had a great 
 grief during a large part of his life, for his wife had been de- 
 prived of her reason for very many years, although she recov- 
 ered it a short time before she died, at the age of seventy- 
 seven; and one of his sons, educated for the ministry, 
 inherited his mother's infirmity. He went to Newburgh to 
 
THE MINISTRY. 46 1 
 
 attend a meeting of the Presbytery- and was taken with a vio- 
 lent attack of cholera morbus, which terminated his life Aug. 
 26, 1854, after he had preached the gospel for sixty years. 
 He possessed a good mind, well stored and finely cultured. 
 His sermons were always interesting because of the richness 
 of their matter, the chasteness of their style and the earnest- 
 ness of their delivery. His manners were plain and simple, 
 and at the same time dignified, even courtly. His whole life 
 was one of great consistency, purity and Christian elevation. 
 Publications: He published sermons under the titles: The 
 Christian's Hope of Immortality; Sin and Death, or Grace 
 and Life; The World no Equivalent for the Loss of the Soul; 
 The Christian's Privilege and Duty; also a sermon occasioned 
 by the death of his wife. 
 McKAY, Daniel Graham: 
 
 Was born July 12, 1847, ^^ Pardoe, Mercer Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1872, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 7, '74, by First New York Pres., 
 and ordained May 15, '76, by Caledonia; pastor at Franklin- 
 ville, N. Y., May, '76-Sep., '87; E. Salem, N. Y., since Oct., 
 1887. 
 McKEE, Edward: 
 
 Was born Ap. 14, 1843, i^ Kortright, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Union in 1871, and studied theology at 
 Princeton and Newburgh; was licensed in Ap., 1874, by Del- 
 aware Pres., and ordained Ap. 12, '''j']^ by Chillicothe; pastor 
 of Unity, in Adams Co., O., Ap. 12, 1877-Dec. 8, '85; Marissa, 
 111., Dec. 31, 1885- 
 McKEE, James A. (A.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 22, 1828, at West Alexander, Washington 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1849, and studied the- 
 ology- at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 5, 1852, by Chartiers 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 27, '54, by Northern Illinois; was 
 pastor of Wheatland, Will Co., 111., 1854-Ap., '59; pastor of 
 Wheeling, Washington Co., Pa,, Aug. 9, 1860-Sept. 13, '87. 
 McKEE, James P. : 
 
 Brother of Joseph G. ; was born June 27, 1843, ^le^i" Hills- 
 borough, county Down, Ireland; united with the church when 
 fourteen years old, and came to Mercer Co., U. S., in 1861; 
 
462 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1868, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed June 15, 1870, by Lake Pres., and 
 ordained to the foreign missionary work Sept. 20, '70, by the 
 same; sailed on the 5th of the following Nov., and has labored 
 principally at Gujranwala, Northern India. 
 McKEE, John Shields: 
 
 Was born June 22, 1850, in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at the Western University in 1870, and studied theology three 
 years at Allegheny and one year in the Free Church College, 
 Edinburgh, Scotland; was licensed June 24, 1873, by Monon- 
 gahela Pres., and ordained Oct. 19, '75, by Butler; pastor at 
 East Brady Oct., i875-'8o; ist Mercer Jan. 18, i88i-Aug. 26, 
 '84; Butler, Pa., Jan. 20, 1885- 
 
 McKEE, Joseph (A.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 27, 1811, near Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1832, and studied the- 
 ology at Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1836, by Musk- 
 ingum Pres., and ordained in Sept., '37, by the same; was 
 installed pastor of Wooster and Dalton, O., Sept., ^T^y^ and 
 released from the latter in '41, and from the former in '49; 
 was appointed by Synod to go with James P. Miller as mis- 
 sionaries to Oregon, but the funds proving insufficient for 
 both, he declined; was pastor of West Hebron, Washington 
 Co., N. Y., Mar. 20, 1851-July i, '57; S. S. at Duncannon, 
 Tuscarora and Concord, Pa., 1857-Ap., '64; pastor of Ne- 
 braska City and connections, Otoe Co., Neb., 1869-Ap. 26, 
 '72: his health having failed he moved to California, and 
 sinee Aug., 1878, has been a teacher in the Chinese Mission 
 School at Los Angeles. 
 
 McKEE, Joseph G.*: 
 
 Was born in 1832 in Ireland; was graduated at Westmin- 
 ster in i860, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 
 2, 1862, by Lake Pres., and ordained Sept. 9, '63, by Mercer. 
 On the 13th of Oct., '63, in connection with the Rev. M. M. 
 Brown and several teachers, he inaugurated a mission to the 
 Freedmen of Nashville, Tenn., under the care of the Presby- 
 teries of Chillicothe, Xenia and First Ohio. This station 
 came under the care of the Freedmen' s Board, and Mr. Mc- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 463 
 
 Kee continued to be its Superintendent until his death, Sept. 
 25, 1868. The Board announced his death to the General 
 Assembly in the following terms: "The members of the 
 Board unanimously testify to his great purity as a Christian 
 and his eminent usefulness as a laborer in this part of Christ's 
 vineyard. Indeed, we have never seen him surpassed as an 
 efficient worker, while his power to plan and see his way out 
 of embarrassing difficulties was extraordinary." 
 
 McKEE, Samuel Ewing (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 26, 1826, in Allegheny Co., P.; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1851, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, 1856, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained May 13, '57, by Le Claire; pastor at Le Claire Prairie 
 and Port Byron, la., 1857-Ap., 59; was tutor in Jefferson Col- 
 lege i85i-'3; has devoted his time principally to teaching, 
 and is now so engaged in Washington, Iowa. 
 
 McKEE, Samuel Irwin*: 
 
 Was born in 1839 in Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1862, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 17, 1866, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 29, '68, by Delaware; was pastor of Burlington, Otsego 
 Co., N. Y., Sept., i868-Ap. 26, '70; joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and died in Washington, Pa., Aug. 17, 1885. 
 McKEE, Thomas Boston: 
 
 Was born in Wooster, Wayne Co., O., Ap. 5, 1844; was 
 graduated at the Ohio Central College in 1871, and studied 
 theology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 1873, 
 by Mansfield Pres., and ordained Sept. 21, '75, by Southern 
 Illinois; was pastor at Jordan's Grove, 111., Sept., 1875-Aug. 
 22, '76; at DeKalb, Crawford Co., O., June 22, 1879-Sept., 
 '80; at Summerset, la., June 20, i88i-Jan. '87. 
 
 McKEE, William Henry: 
 
 Was born in 1850 in Edinburgh, Scotland; was educated 
 at Rutgers College, and studied theology in New York city; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, 1871, by the Baptist Association of New 
 York city, and ordained June 17, '74, by the Bap. Asso., of 
 Oswego, N. Y. ; joined the United Presbyterian Ch., and was 
 pastor at Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 17, 1878-May, 13, '79; passed 
 
464 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Aug. 2, '81, to the Presbyterian Ch., and was suspended by 
 its Des Moines Presbytery in 1887, for contumacy. 
 McKEE, William Raltson: 
 
 Brother of James A., was bom Sept. 13, 1832, in Ohio Co., 
 West Va. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1854, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 19, 1859, by Wheeling 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 4, '60, by Argyle; was pastor at 
 West Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., Sept., 1860-Sept,, 
 '67; pastor of Robinson, Washington Co., Pa., since Oct. 
 18, '69. Publication: Historical Sketch of Robinson Congre- 
 gation, 1875; The Duty of Church Members to Support the 
 Church, 1878. 
 McKELVEY, Joseph: 
 
 Was born Sept. 15, 1836, in Fairfield, Westmoreland Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1863, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed in May, 1866, by Mercer Pres., 
 and ordained June 20, '67, by Kansas; was missionary to 
 China i868-'7o; was located in Leavenworth, Kan., under 
 the care of the Board of Freedmen's Mission for three and 
 a half years, and pastor of Fairview, Mitchel Co., Kan., June 
 14, 1878-June 26, '81; Idana, Kan., Feb. 25, 1882-Jan. i, 
 '83; Oakland and Kings Creek, W. Va., Feb.4, 1885, -re sign- 
 ing Oakland Ap. 12, '87. 
 McKELVEY, Theodore Cameron: 
 
 Was born July 17, 1854, near Coultersville, Randolph Co., 
 111. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 7, 1880, by Southern Illi- 
 nois Pres., and ordained Sept. 7, '80, by the same; pastor of 
 Cutler, Perry Co., 111., Sept. 7, 1880-June 20, '83; S. S. 
 Grand Avenue, St. Louis, 1883-5; pastor at Morning Sun, 
 la., Sept. I, 1885- 
 
 MacKENZIE, William A. : 
 
 Was born May 14, 1836, near Wellsville, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1861, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 15, 1863, by Steubenville Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 5, '65, by Allegheny; pastor of Sewickley, Alle- 
 gheny Co., Ap., 1865-June 13, '71; of Salem, N. Y., since 
 Nov. 14, 187 1. Publication: History of the United Presby- 
 terian Church of Salem, N. Y., pp. 45, 1876. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 465 
 
 MACKEY, John Crawford: 
 
 Was educated and licensed by the Reformed Presbyterians 
 (Gen. Syd.) and ordained Feb. 20, 1880, by their Northern 
 Presbytery, pastor of Whitinsville, Mass., (United Presby- 
 terian) Ap. 24, 1883-July 30, '84; Jane St., New York, Oct. 
 7, '1884-Mar. 5, '85; deposed for immorality in 1887. 
 McKINLAY, Duncan Murray: 
 
 Was born Feb. 6, 1852, in York, Livingston Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1877, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 28, 1880, by Caledonia Pres., 
 and ordained March 18, '84, by Vermont; pastor of Barnet, 
 Vt. , since ordination. 
 McKINNEY, William A., (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Orange Co., N. Y. ; was academically edu- 
 cated, and studied theology at Newburgh ; was licensed May 
 16, 1837, by New York Pres., and ordained in '38 by the 
 same; served the congregation in Buffalo, N. Y., for a sea- 
 son; was pastor of the Second Asso. Ref. Ch., Pittsburgh, 
 Pa., Ap. 23, 1840-N0V. 19, '40; called to Puckety, Alle- 
 gyeny Co., Pa., where he died in the summer of 1842. 
 
 McKINSTRY, Matthew (A. R.)=^: 
 
 Was born Oct. 30, 1803, near Mexico, in Juniata Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at the Western University in 1832, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1835, by Mon- 
 ongahela Pres., and ordained Ap. 27, '36, by the same; was 
 pastor of Bethesda and Laurel Hill, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; 
 Ap., 1836-Aug. 19, '45; took charge of McKeesport in '57, 
 but ill health compelled him to give up in '61. When not 
 in the pastorate, because of much ill health, he tried by sup- 
 erintending the county schools, and in every other way possi- 
 ble, to make himself useful, for he was a man of good ability 
 devoted to his work. He died Dec. 10, 1872. 
 McKIRAHAN, Joseph (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 12, 1812, near St. Clairsville, O. ; was 
 educated at Franklin, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed in 1846 by Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 April 23, '50, by Cambridge; was pastor of E. Greenwich, 
 Washington Co., N. Y., Ap., 1850-May 24, '54; was two 
 
466 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 years S. S. in Michigan; was pastor of New Jefferson and 
 New Market, Harrison Co., O., 1856-Sept. 8, '63; he preached 
 as his health would permit for a few years in the vacancies of 
 his Presbytery, and when he could no longer travel he pro- 
 cured a hand printing press with the design of writing and 
 printing sermons for children, so thoroughly was his heart 
 set upon preaching the gospel. During the greater part of 
 his life he suffered much from rheumatism, and finally be- 
 came so crippled as to be scarcely able to move. He died in 
 Glencoe, O. , Nov. 19, 1873. 
 McKIRAHAN, Matthew Foster: 
 
 Nephew of Joseph; was born Jan. 23, 1847, in Belmont 
 Co., O. ; was graduated at Geneva College, O. , in 1873; 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1875, 
 by Sidney Pres., and ordained May 30, ''^d^ by Monmouth; 
 pastor at Alexis, Warren Co., 111., May 30, 1876-Aug. 27, 
 '82; S. S. in Topeka, Kan., Sept., 1882, and pastor, June 
 15, '86. Publication: An Anniversary Sermon, 1880. 
 McKIRAHAN, William: 
 
 Brother of M. F. ; was born in 1845 near St. Clairsville, O. ; 
 was graduated at Geneva College, O., in 1873, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1875, by Sidney 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 14, 1876, by Conemaugh; pastor of 
 Conemaugh and Jacksonville, Indiana Co., Pa., from ordina- 
 tion till Sept. II, 1882; Hookstown, Pa., Jan. 15, 1884- 
 McKITRICK, Eben S. : 
 
 Was born in Londonderry, O., Aug. 9, 1850; was grad- 
 uated at Miami in 1871, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed May 12, 1874, by Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained June 15, '75, by Allegheny; pastor of Third Ch., 
 Allegheny City, since ordination. 
 McKITRICK, Joseph M. : 
 
 Was born near Londonderry, Guernsey Co. , O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1868, and studied theology at Mon- 
 mouth; was licensed in Ap., 1870, by Bloomington Pres., and 
 ordained Nov. 2, '70, by W. Missouri; pastor of Greenwood, 
 Mo., 1870-Oct. 15, '73; of Prosperity, in Southern 111., Nov. 
 20, 1873-Sept. 15, '80; of Knoxville, la., Nov. 18, i88o-Ap. 
 II-' 83; Chapman ville, Kan., Sept. 11, 1884. 
 
the ministry. 467 
 
 Mcknight, David Kennedy: 
 
 Was born Aug. 13, 1846, in Allegheny Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 duated at Washington and Jefferson in 1867, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed June 28, 1870, by Monon- 
 gahela Pres., and ordained July 9, '72, by Frankfort; was 
 installed at ordination over Clinton and Mt. Gilead, Alle- 
 gheny Co., Pa.; released from the latter Oct. 21, '74, and the 
 former, Sept. 21, '86. 
 
 Mcknight, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in eastern Penns)dvania Feb. 5, 1870; was grad- 
 uated at Dickinson in 1792, and studied theology privately, 
 mainly with Mr. Dobbin, of Getty.sburg, Pa. ; was licensed 
 Ap. 3, 1794, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained in '97 by 
 the Pres. of the Carolinas and Georgia; pastor of Coddle 
 Creek, Iredell Co., N. C, from his ordination until his death 
 Sept. 17, 1831. 
 
 Mcknight, James Carlisle (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 24, 1826, near Cochranton, Crawford Co., 
 Pa.; was graduated at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., in 
 1850, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 
 19, 1852, by Lake Pres., and ordained June 10, '56, by 
 Second Illinois; was pastor of Spring Grove, 111., June 1856- 
 Mar., '60; has been S. S. in different places in the west. 
 
 McLACHLAN, Alexander: 
 
 Was born July 10, 1843, in Kilninver, Argyleshire, Scot- 
 land, and reared in Delaware Co., N, Y. ; was graduated at 
 Union in 1870, and studied theology at Newburgh; was 
 licensed Ap. 26, 187 1, by Delaware Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 15, '73, by Chartiers; pastor of S. Buffalo, Washington Co., 
 Pa., since ordination. 
 McLACHLAN, Donald: 
 
 Brother of Alexander; was born July 29, 1841, in Kilnin- 
 ver, Argyleshire, Scotland, and reared in Delaware Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1867, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed in Sept., '69, by Delaware Presby- 
 tery, and ordained Oct. 10, '72, by Wisconsin; pastor of 
 Rock Prairie, Rock Co., Wis., July i, 1875-Mar. 31, '86. 
 
468 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 McLANE, Daniel Webster: 
 
 Was born June 22, 1837, in Indiana Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1862, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny and Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 6, 1865, by Mon- 
 mouth Pres., and ordained Oct. 16, '66, by the same; pastor 
 at Biggsville, 111., i866-'8; at Mahoning and connections, 
 Armstrong Co., Pa., Ap. 15, 1871-Mar. 10, '75; of New Flor- 
 ence and West Fairfield, Westmoreland Co., June 10, 1876- 
 July 31, '80; Pratt Creek, la., 1883. 
 McLAREN, Donald Campbell D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in New York city Oct. 2, 1794, and spent his 
 boyhood mainly in Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at 
 Union in 1813; taught school for two years, and studied 
 theology for four years in New York under Dr. Mason: was 
 licensed in the spring of 1819 by Saratoga Pres., and or- 
 dained Jan. 26, '20, by Washington ; was pastor of Cambridge, 
 N. Y., i820-'6; of Caledonia, N. Y., autumn, 1826-July '52, 
 and then lived in Geneva, N. Y., until his death. May 7th, 
 1882. Publications: The Boa Constrictor, or Fourier Asso- 
 ciations Exposed, 1844; Cupful of Truth to the Cup-bearers 
 of Drunkenness, a poem, pp. 24, 1845; ^ pamphlet on 
 Psalmody and another on Usury; a Metrical Version of the 
 Book of Psalms. 
 McLAREN, John Finlay, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Brother of Dr. Donald; was born Feb. 7, 1803, at Manlius, 
 Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1825, ^"^ 
 studied theology at Princeton; was licensed June 26, 1828, by 
 Caledonia Pres., and ordained Jan. 7, '30, by the same; was 
 pastor at Geneva, N. Y., Jan., 1830-Ap., '45; at Hagerstown, 
 Md., Ap., 1845-Ap., '46; First Asso. Ref., Pittsburgh, May 
 5, 1846-March 25, '51; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was 
 agent of the Board of Missions till 1856; President of the 
 Western University, Pittsburgh, 1856-9; Chaplain of the 
 Tenth Reg., Pennsylvania Reserves, 1 862-' 64; supplied 
 churches in Michigan i867-'74; was editor of the Christian 
 Magazine^ organ of the Asso. Ref. Synod of New York, pub- 
 lished at Geneva, 1832-43. Died Mar. 14, 1883, at Prince- 
 ton, N. J. Publications: Quite a number of sermons and 
 addresses in addition to his magazine articles and editorials. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 4^9 
 
 McIvAREN, Malcolm Neil, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Brother of Dr. Donald; was born July i, 1799, in Albany, 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1824, and studied theology 
 at Princeton and privately; was licensed June 6, 1826, by 
 Washington Pres., and ordained Aug. 30, '27, by Saratoga; 
 was pastor in Broadalbin, Fulton Co., N. Y., i827-'33; of 
 Hamptonburg, Orange Co., N. Y., i833-'43; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. ; pastor of First Ch., Rochester, i843-'7; 
 then of the Central Dutch Ch., Brooklyn, i847-'9; and of the 
 Dutch Ch., in Newburgh i850-'9; of the Presbyterian Ch. iu 
 Caledonia i860-' 71, and retired to Auburn, N. Y., where he 
 died July 2, 1887. 
 
 MacLAREN, William, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Perthshire, Scotland, and spent much of his 
 youth in Montgomery Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 
 1831, and studied theology at Newburgh; was licensed in 
 May, 1836, by Saratoga Pres., and ordained in Sept. of the 
 same year by New York; was pastor of Franklin St. Ch., 
 New York city, Sept., 1836-May 30, '54; of Pearl St., Fall 
 River, Mass., Oct., i854-'66; joined the Presbyterian Ch. ; 
 was President of "Ohio Central College," at Iberia, from 
 which he retired in 1877, and resides with his son, the Rev. 
 Robert F., in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 McLaren, William Stevenson (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of Dr. Donald; was born July 8, 1824, in Cambridge, 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1843, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny, Newburgh and Edinburgh, Scotland; was 
 licensed in the summer of 1848 by Caledonia Pres., and or- 
 dained July 17, '50, by the same; was pastor of Geneva, N. 
 Y., July, 1850-Dec. 14, '52; of Caledonia, N. Y., Ap. 19, 
 1853-Sept. 8, 1870; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and died at 
 Santa Barbara, Cal., July 12, 1874, of consumption. 
 MacLAUGHLAN, James (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 10, 1831, in Londonderry, Ireland; was edu- 
 cated at Belfast; came to the U. S. in 1849, and studied the- 
 ology at Newburgh; was licensed in May, 1854, by New York 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 12 of the same year, by the same; 
 was pastor at Thompson ville, Conn., Sept., i854-'8; returned 
 
470 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 to Ireland on account of his health; was pastor of the Second 
 Ramelton congregation in the Irish Presbyterian Ch. spring 
 of 1859-Oct., '71; was sent out by his church to Canada, and 
 by the Chatham Pres., Can., to supply in the Scotch Ch. 
 in Chicago, 111., where he was pastor July, i872-'82. He 
 and his congregation were transferred to the Presbyterian 
 Ch. of the U. S. Is pastor at Argyle, 111. 
 
 McLAUGHLAN, Wiluam Fay: 
 
 Was born Jan. 31, 1840, in Kells, county Antrim, Ireland- 
 was educated at Griswold College, la., and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1880, by Cedar Rapids 
 Pres., and ordained July 22, '80, by the same; pastor of Gar- 
 ner, la., July 22, 1880-Sept. 26, '82. 
 
 Mclaughlin, samuel r. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 20, i860, at Clifton, la. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1883, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 6, 1885, by Keokuk Pres., and ordained Oct. 26, 
 '86, by Le Claire; pastor at Elvira, la., since ordination. 
 
 McLAURY, Thomas C. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 19, 1805, in Kortright, Delaware Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1828, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed in Sept., 1831, by Saratoga Pres., 
 and after teaching several years was ordained Sept. 23, '36, 
 by New York; was pastor of White Lake, Sullivan Co., N. 
 Y., 1836-Ap., '42; of Cambridge, N. Y., May 30, 1842-July 
 21, '52; accepted a call to Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 
 where he died, Jan. 6, 1853, during the very week he was to 
 have been installed. 
 
 McLEAN, Charles G., D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1787 in county Armagh, Ireland, and came to 
 the U. S. in 1797 with his step-father, the Rev. Dr. James 
 Gray; was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 
 1808, and studied theology in New York with Dr. Mason; 
 was licensed in the spring of 1812 by Philadelphia Pres., and 
 ordained in the spring of '14 by the same; was pastor at Get- 
 tysburg, Pa., i8i4-'42. He and his congregation went with 
 their Presbytery into the Presbyterian Ch. at the union of 
 1822, but sympathizing with Dr. John M. Duncan in his 
 
THE MINISTRY. 47 1 
 
 trouble, joined him and Dr. John Chambers in the formation 
 of an Independent Presbytery in 1825, with which he re- 
 mained until 1842, when he joined the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 had charge of a church in Baltimore for two years; was pastor 
 of the Ref. Dutch Ch. at Fort Plain, Montgomery Co., N. Y., 
 i844-'5i, and then Principal of a Female Seminary in Indi- 
 anapolis, Ind., where he died, July 4, i860. He was a man 
 of good abilities, and, except in the matter of the expediency 
 of creeds and confessions, preached with much fullness and 
 faithfulness the same old Gospel he had been taught in his 
 youth. 
 
 McLEAN, Daniel (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 10, 1771, in Lancaster Co., Pa.; was edu- 
 cated at the Canonsburg Academy, the predecessor of Jeffer- 
 son College, and studied theology with Dr. John Anderson at 
 Service for six years; was licensed in Sept., 1799, by the Pres. 
 of Pennsylvania. The Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania at its 
 meeting in Philadelphia in^May, 1800, resolved that at its next 
 regular meeting, to be held in the same city. May 20, 1801, it 
 would constitute as the Associate Synod of North America, 
 and it also ordained that Messrs. J. Smith, J. Anderson and 
 R. Laing, with ruling elders, should meet at Canonsburg, on 
 Monday, the 23d of June, 1800, to perform all necessary pres- 
 byterial work, and particularly to ordain Ebenezer Hender- 
 son, and to make provision for the ordination of William 
 Wilson at Monture, etc. When the Synod met in 1801 it 
 designated this organization as the Pres. of Chartiers. Mr. 
 McLean was ordained in the autumn or winter of 1800 by 
 Chartiers Pres. while in this incipient state of organization, 
 and was installed Jan. i, 1802, pastor of Shenango and Sandy 
 Creek, which covered considerable territory in Mercer and 
 Crawford counties, Pa., including Greenville. In the au- 
 tumn of 1840 he resigned all but Shenango, and was released 
 from it May i, 1855. Died June 5, 1856. 
 
 McLEAN, Daniel (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 2, 1792, in Washington Co., Pa.; was edu- 
 cated at Jefferson, and studied theology for a time with his 
 uncle, the Rev. Daniel McLean, of Shenango, and finished 
 
472 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 with Dr. Ramsay; was licensed Aug. 20, 1823, by Ohio Pres., 
 and ordained in Dec, '24, by Chartiers; installed pastor of 
 Bloomfield, Cambridge and Londonderry, O., in Dec, '24; 
 after three years resigned Londonderry, and then Cambridge 
 in ''2,'J^ and finally Bloomfield in '54; was settled near Du- 
 buque, and then Keokuk, la., and died Sept. i, i860, while 
 on a visit to Bloomfield. 
 
 McLEAN, D.\NiEL Henry Anderson, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Son of the first Rev. Daniel; was born Ap. 5, 1816, at She- 
 nango, in Crawford Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 
 1836, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 
 4, 1840, by Shenango Pres., and ordained Sept. 2, '41, by 
 the same; was installed pastor of Mercer and Salem, Mercer 
 Co., at ordination; in the spring of '45 he resigned Mercer 
 and gave all his time to the other branch, which was now 
 divided into three congregations, West Greenville, Kinsman 
 and Delaware, until May, '52; was S. S. at Verona in '57; in- 
 stalled over Beaver and Four Mile in '61; resigned the latter 
 in '66, and the former in Ap., '68; was Prof, of Mathematics 
 in Westminster Ap., 1852-6; Principal of Pittsburgh High 
 School Sept., 1856-Sept., '59; Assistant editor of the United 
 Presbyterian Jan., 1858-Jan., '62; Principal of the Beaver 
 Ladies' Seminary Ap., 1867-July, '72. Publications: A Lec- 
 ture on Slavery; Perseverance of the Saints, an answer to a 
 Methodist minister. 
 
 McLEAN, Daniel McBane*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 24, 1840, near Wellsville, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1859, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Sept. 3, 1861, by Steubenville Pres., and or- 
 dained Jan. 13, '63, by Allegheny; was pastor of Fifth Ch., 
 Allegheny, Jan., i863-'5; Cleveland, O., 1865-Nov. 8, '70; 
 Chartiers, Washington Co., Jan. 5, 1871, until his death Mar. 
 21, 1880, from consumption. 
 
 Maclean, John (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Oct. 12, 1823, i^ Pittsburgh, Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at the Western University in 1843, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 31, 1846, by Monongahela, 
 and ordained Sept. 26, '48, by the same; was pastor at New 
 
THE MINISTRY. 473 
 
 Brighton, Pa., Sept. 25, 1848-Ap. 10, '55; St. Louis, Mo., 
 1857-Jan. 22, '62; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pas- 
 tor of the N. Ch., St. Ivonis, of Bloomington, 111., of Clinton, 
 111., and is now in the U. S. Marine Hospital Service, Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 McLEAN, John Latta (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 22, 1802, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1834, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed in 1838 by Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 22, '39, by Indiana; was pastor of Princeton and 
 Midway, Ind., Nov. 22, 1839-Ap. 24, '43; installed over 
 Mansfield, Haysville and Clear Creek in 1843; substituted 
 Ontario for Clear Creek in '49; was released from Mansfield 
 and Ontario May 11, '53, and from Haysville in Ap., '55; 
 pastor of Chesterville, Sulphur Springs and Alum Creek, 
 Morrow Co., O., June i859-'63; retired to Monmouth, 111., 
 and in 1871 to Red Oak, la., where he died Mar. 29, 1874. 
 
 McLEAN, Samuel (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of Daniel Jr. ; was born in Washington, Co., Pa.; 
 was educated at Jefferson and studied theology at Canons- 
 burg; was licensed in 1825 ^Y Ohio Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 18, '27, by Muskingum; was pastor of Jonathan's Creek and 
 connections Ap., 1827-Sept. 17, '28; of Poplar Ridge and 
 Plainsfield, in the Miami Pres., Oct. 21, 1842, until his death,. 
 April 16, 1849. 
 
 MACLELLAN, John M.*: 
 
 Was born in 1802 in Perthshire, Scotland; was graduated 
 at St. Andrew's University, and studied theology in Glasgow; 
 was licensed in 1832 by the Pres., of Edinburgh, and or- 
 dained Aug. 27, '33, by Lanark; migrated to Canada, where 
 he remained for years in connection with the United Presby- 
 terian Ch., of Canada; came to the U. S., and joined the 
 Presbytery of Detroit in Aug., 1858; was S. S. at Romeo, 
 Mich., i86a-'63; pastor of Davisville and Fremont, Mich., 
 July 14, 1863-6; of Bruce 1866-70; died in Detroit Oct. 23, 
 1876. 
 
 McLEOD, Angus: 
 
 Was born in Canada May 10, 1833; was educated at Knox 
 30 
 
474 I'HE MINISTRY. 
 
 College, Toronto; was licensed Ap. lo, 1881, by the Pres., of 
 Lindsay, and ordained in 1881, by Chatham; pastor for a 
 short time of Florence and Dawn; came to U. S. and pastor 
 of Frazer Ch., Huron Co., Mich., Feb. 12, 1883-Mar. 29, '87; 
 returned to the Presbyterian Ch., Canada. 
 
 McLEOD, Robert B. E. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1789 in Albany, N. Y. ; was graduated at 
 Columbia N. Y., in 1806, and studied theology in New York 
 under Dr. Mason; was licensed in Sept., 1811, by New York 
 Pres., and ordained May 7, '12, by the same; was pastor of 
 the Scotch Ch., in Cedar St., N. Y., May, i8i2-'23, the suc- 
 cessor of Dr. Mason and predecessor of Dr. McElroy. He 
 and his congregation went with the New York Pres., into the 
 Presbyterian Ch., in 1822. He spent several years in the South, 
 and was pastor of the Presbyterian Ch., in South East, Put- 
 nam Co., N. Y. , from the autumn of 1829 until his death, 
 Aug. 23, 1856. 
 
 McM ASTER, John, D. D.*: 
 
 Was born in Donegon, county Antrim, Ireland, Mar. i, 
 1806; was brought to America in 1811; was graduated at the 
 Western University in 1827, ^"^ studied theology in the Ref. 
 Pres. Sem., Pittsburgh; was licensed Ap. 8, 1830, by the 
 Pittsburgh Pres., (R. P.,) and ordained Jan. 26, '52, by the 
 Northern Pres. (R. P.); was pastor of Duanesburgh, Sche- 
 nectady Co., N. Y., i832-'7; at Walnut Hill, i837-'4o; in- 
 stalled in the Covenanter congregation in Princeton, Ind., in 
 June, 1840; continued thus till Aug. 9, 1870, when he and 
 his church were received into the United Presbyterian Ch., 
 and died in these relations, July, 11, 1874, from heart dis- 
 ease. 
 
 McM ASTER, Henry Hugh: 
 
 Was born in South Shenango, Crawford Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1873, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed May 3, 1876, by Lake Pres., and 
 ordained Dec. 10, '78, by the same; was pastor of Wayne, 
 Erie Co., Pa., Dec. 10, 1878-82; joined the Presbyterian Ch. 
 and is near Uniontown, Pa. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 475 
 
 McMASTER, William H. : 
 
 Was born July 4, 1841, at Adamsville, Crawford Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1868, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed May 3, 1870, by Monongahela 
 Pres. , and ordained Sept, 5, '71, by Westmoreland; pastor of 
 Bethel, Westmoreland Co., Sept., 1871-Sept. i, '74; of 
 Princeton, Ind., Dec. 29, 1874-Nov. 15, 1881; Blairsville, 
 Pa., Dec. 13, 1882. Publication: Bad Statesmen, a Thanks- 
 giving Sermon in 1879. 
 
 McMICHAEL, Ethan St. Clair: 
 
 Was born June 7, 1842, near Butler, Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1869, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed June 20, 1871, by Butler Pres., and ordained Nov. 
 19, '72, by Des Moines; pastor of Newton and Palo Alto, la.. 
 Nov., 1872-May 23, '79; joined the Presbyterian Ch. Nov., 
 1880; pastor of Third Ch., Springfield, 111. 
 
 McMICHAEL, Jackson Burgess, D. D. : 
 
 Was born July 22, 1833, near Poland, Mahoning Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1859, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed May 7, 1861, by Lake Pres., and or- 
 dained Oct. 9, '62, by Xenia; pastor at Sugar Creek, Greene 
 Co., O., Oct., 1862-July 30, '78; was Prof, of Church His- 
 tory and Polity in the Xenia Sem. i873-'8; has been Presi- 
 dent of Monmouth College since Sept., 1878. Delegate to 
 the Presbyterian Council of 1884. 
 
 McMillan, Andrew: 
 
 Was born May 3, 1833, in Tiffin, Seneca Co., O. ; was ed- 
 ucated at Washington College in Iowa, and studied theology 
 at Monmouth; was licensed in Ap., 1866, by Keokuk Pres., 
 and ordained June 9, '69, by Monmouth; pastor of Olena, 
 111., June, 1869-Aug. 28, '71; of Oelwein and Putnam, Fay- 
 ette Co., la., July 25, 1876-Dec. 9, '84; S. S., Brighton, la., 
 1885- 
 
 MacMILLAN, William (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 6, 1826, in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Duquesne, Pittsburgh, in 1847, ^"^ studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 27, 1850, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 2, '53, by Boston; was pastor at 
 
476 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Ivowell, Mass., Nov., 1853-Nov., '54; of Union Ch., Allegheny 
 Co., Pa., Ap., 1855-N0V. 3, '57; joined the Presbyterian Ch., 
 and is at Ross, O. 
 McMillan, William Harrison, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Dec. 18, 1837, in Iberia, Morrow Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Washington College in Iowa, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 8, 1863, by Keokuk 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 4, '64, by Monmouth; pastor of 
 Little York, Warren Co., 111., Oct., 1864-Ap. 13, '70; Third 
 Ch., Xenia, Aug. 12, 1870-Jan, 28, '73; Second Ch., Alle- 
 gheny, since Ap, 8, '''jt^. Was Moderator of the Gen. Ass. in 
 1883; delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Council in 1880 and 
 1884. Publications: A History of the Second United Pres- 
 brterian Ch., Allegheny, pp. 28, 1876; The Verbal Inspira- 
 tion of the Scriptures, a Sermon; The Value of the Catechet- 
 ical Instruction of Children, a Sermon. 
 McMULLAN, Peter (often written McMillan), (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland perhaps as early as 1750; was educated 
 in Scotland, and licensed and ordained by some Anti-Burgher 
 Pres. in Scotland or Ireland. Was pastor for some time of 
 the Anti-Burgher congregation of Ahoghil in Ireland. In 
 1789 he appeared in upper S. Carolina, and fraternized with 
 Dr. Thomas Clark, and associated with him and David Both- 
 well and John Boyce to organize on the 24th of Feb., 1790, 
 the Asso. Ref. Pres. of the Carolinas and Georgia; was in- 
 stalled pastor at Due West Corner, Abbeville District, S. C, 
 most probably in the spring of 1794. This relation was dis- 
 solved in 1 801 at the request of the congregation. In 1798 
 "he was found guilty of intoxication and profane swearing, 
 and censured accordingly." In 1801 he was "silenced " 'for 
 drunkenness, and in the spring of 1802 was restored. Upon 
 the charge that the Asso. Ref. Ch. had altered the Confession 
 of Faith in reference to the power of the magistrate in eccle- 
 siastical matters, had "buried" the Scottish Testimony and 
 Covenants, and abolished communion Fast Days, he and the 
 Rev. William Dickson informed the Second Pres, of the Car- 
 olinas, to which they belonged, on the 2d of Sept., 1802, that 
 they declined the further authority of the Asso. Ref. Synod. 
 They immediately applied to the Asso, Pres, of Chartiers for 
 
THE MINISTRY. 477 
 
 admission, and Dr. John Anderson and the Rev. W. Wilson 
 were sent down as a commission to investigate their case. 
 On the i2th of Jan., 1803, this commission met, and at the 
 conchision of their investigation admitted the applicants to 
 ministerial membership, and the Synod at its meeting. May 
 25, 1803, erected Messrs. McMullan and Dickson, and the 
 Rev. John Cree, of Rockbridge Co., Va., into the Asso. Pres. 
 of the Carolinas, and ordered them to hold their first meeting 
 and organize as a Pres., at the Steel Creek Ch., in Mecklen- 
 burg Co., N. C, on 31st of Aug., 1803. 
 
 Mr. McMullan preached for a time and mostly in his own 
 house, but his habits of dissipation grew so that he was sus- 
 pended from the ministry in 1806, and by the advice and di- 
 rection of the Synod was formally deposed in 1807. Soon 
 afterwards he went West, and settled in Middle Tenn., where 
 he died. 
 McMUNN, James Stewart: 
 
 Was born June 20, 1844, near Washington, Guernsey Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1873, and studied theol- 
 og}' at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1875, by 
 Muskingum Pres., and ordained, sine titiilo^ Oct. 19, '76, by 
 the same; pastor at Winchester, Jefferson Co., Kan., Dec. 11, 
 1877-Ap. 16, '82; Mechanicstown and Glade Run, O., Ap. 
 17, 1883- 
 
 McMURRAY, William, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born July 3, 1783, in Salem, N. Y. ; was graduated at 
 Union in 1804, and studied theology in New York under Dr. 
 Mason; was licensed June 20, 1809, by Washington Pres., 
 and ordained Jan., 1810, by the same; pastor at Lansingburg, 
 N. Y., Jan., 1810-Sept. 25, 1811; joined the Ref. Dutch Ch., 
 and was pastor of Rhiuebeck, N. Y., i8i2-'20, and Market 
 St., New York, i820-'35. A man of good abilities and of 
 very great purity and loveliness of character. Dr. Matthews, 
 his life-long friend, says: "I never saw a death-bed scene of 
 such varied joys, such wonderfully enlarged views of divine 
 truth and of the promises which reveal it; such an entire su- 
 periority to every earthly tie and feeling. His spirit often 
 seemed to have soared away so far toward heaven as to have 
 lost all view of earthly cares, and to be waiting with its eyes 
 
478 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 fixed upward, and upward only, for the signal that would call 
 it to its heavenly home." He died, Sept. 24, 1835, from ty- 
 phus fever. 
 McNAB, Joseph: 
 
 Was born Nov. 19, 1839, in York, Livingston Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1862, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed May 3, 1865, by Caledonia Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 17, '67, by the Lake; pastor of Oil City, 
 Pa., Sept., 1867-Aug. 4, '73, and of Evansburg and Watson's 
 Run, Crawford Co., Pa., Oct. 12, '75-Sep. 7, '85. 
 
 McNARY, James Webster: 
 
 Was born Oct. i, 1837, in Canonsburg, Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1859, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 15, 1862, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Oct. 
 8, '63, by Xenia; pastor at Reynoldsburg, O., Oct., 1863- 
 June, '72; at Dayton, O., Ap. 27, 1874-Mar. 27, '78; Sparta, 
 111., Ap. 10, 1878-July 16, '85; joined the Presbyterian Ch., 
 and is at Oshkosh, Wis. 
 McNARY, William Pollock: 
 
 Brother of James W., and great grandson of Rev. John 
 Murray; was born Sept. 16, 1839, in Canonsburg, Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1861, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Mar. 28, 1865, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Dec. 
 
 8, '66, by Kansas; pastor of Leavenworth, Kan., Dec, 1866- 
 Dec. 16, '69, and at Bloomington, Ind., Nov. 2, 1870-Ap. 9, 
 '84; Jordan's Grove, 111., 1885-May 8, '86; Editor of The 
 Midland 1884-6; pastor Tarkio, Mo., since 1886; in the civil 
 war was Adjutant of the 123d and 193d Regts. Penn. Volun- 
 teers, and Lieut. -colonel of the Fifty-fifth. Publication: A 
 Sermon on Masonry. 
 
 McNAUGHER, John: 
 
 Was born Dec. 30, 1857, in Allegheny, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1880, and studied theology at Xenia, with 
 one year post-graduate course in Scotland; was licensed Ap. 
 I, 1884, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained Ap. 22, '85, by 
 Mansfield; pastor at Fredericksburg, O., Ap. 22, 1885-Nov. 
 
 9, '86; elected Prof of New Testament Theology in the Alle- 
 gheny Seminary in autumn of 1886. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 479 
 
 McNAUGHTON, Findley W. (A.): 
 
 Was born in Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y. ; was grad- 
 uated at Union in 1822, and studied theology with Dr. Banks 
 in Philadelphia; was licensed June 19, 1826, by Cambridge 
 Pres., and ordained May 20, '28, by Philadelphia; was pastor of 
 Mercersburg, Franklin Co., Pa., and the Cove, May, 1828- 
 '57. In '45 he and the Rev. C. Webster withdrew from the 
 Asso. Synod, because of its "lack of fidelity to Reformation 
 attainments," in its negotiations with the Asso. Ref Ch. , in 
 the matter of an organic union. They formed and main- 
 tained a Presbytery until 1856, when Mr. Webster returned 
 to the Synod, and Mr. McNaughton in '57 joined the Ref 
 Pres. Ch., (N. S.,) and subsequently the Presbyterian Ch., 
 and is residing upon his farm in Fulton Co. , Pa. 
 
 McNAY, John D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Washington Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Jef- 
 ferson in 1845, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 20, 1848, by Chartiers, and ordained Ap. 9, '51, 
 by la.; pastor at Crawfordsville, Washington Co., la., Ap., 
 1851-Sept., '52; declined going into the union of 1858; was 
 for many years pastor of the Asso., congregation at Palestine, 
 Crawford Co., 111., where he died Oct. 17, 1879. 
 
 McNEAIv, James (A.): 
 
 Was graduated at Franklin in 1850, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed Nov. 31, 1853, ^Y Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained Aug. 10, '54, by the same; was S. S. at 
 New Castle, Monroe Co., O., i854-'5; joined the Asso. Ref 
 Pres. , of Steubenville, and was pastor of New Castle, Browns- 
 ville and New Matamoras i855-'7; ^^ Barlow and Bether, 
 Washington Co., O., 1857-Ap. 10, '60; joined the Congrega- 
 tional Ch., and labored for three years in its churches in 
 southern Ohio; joined the United Presbyterian Pres. of 
 Monmouth in '63; was S. S. at New Paris, Preble Co., O., 
 i865-'7; was pastor at Palmetto, Tenn., 1867-9; ^^ Pistol 
 Creek and Big Spring, Tenn., i869-'79; joined the Presby- 
 terian Ch., South, and is laboring as a missionary in south- 
 eastern Tenn. 
 
480 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 McNEEL, Samuel G. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 29, 1822, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1851, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; v/as licensed Oct. 16, '51, by Richland Pres., and 
 ordained, sine iitulo, ]\Ay 21, '52, by Shenango; was pastor 
 of Pleasant Run, Carroll Co., Ind., from Jan. 26, 1854. He 
 and his congregation did not go into the union of 1858; was 
 editor of the Associate Presbyterian from 1858, and Synodic 
 Teacher of Theology from May 29, 1866, until his death in 
 June 1881. 
 
 McNIECE, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland and educated in Scotland; was one of 
 the Irish patriots that came to the U. S., with Emmett; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and preached and taught in 
 Westchester Co., N. Y. ; founded the Canal St., congrega- 
 tion in New York; became Principal of the Academy in 
 Salem, Washington Co., New York, and joined the Asso. Ref 
 Pres., of Washington in 1819, but the burning of the Aca- 
 demy building changed his plans, and he soon returned to 
 southern New York and the Presbyterian Ch. 
 
 McNULTY, Joseph McCarrell, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Sept. 18, 1827, at Fayetteville, Franklin Co., Pa.; 
 was educated at the Newburgh Classical Institute, and studied 
 tlieology at Newburgh with his uncle. Dr. McCarrell; was 
 licensed May 6, 1851, by New York Pres., and ordained Sept. 
 I, '52, by Saratoga; pastor at W. Kortright, Delaware Co., 
 New York, Sept., 1852-Jan. 16, '56; Hobart, N. Y., June 26, 
 1856-N0V., '57; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor 
 at Clarkson, N. Y. ; Montgomery, N. Y. ; Wenona, Minn. ; 
 Jersey City, N. J. ; and at Woodbridge, N. J. , since Aug. 14, 
 1874. 
 McRODDEN, Hugh (A. R.): 
 
 Was received by the Monongahela Pres., as a probationer 
 from the United Asso. Synod of Ireland Nov. 17, 1819; was 
 ■ordained and installed over Bethel, Indiana Co., Pa., Nov. 15, 
 1820; was deposed Sept. 8, 1824, ^^^ drunkenness. 
 
 McSURELY, William Jasper, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Sept. i, 1834, in Adams Co., O. ; was graduated 
 
THE MINISTRY. 481 
 
 at Miami in 1856, and studied theology at Oxford; was 
 licensed Ap. 14, 1858, by the Chillicothe Pres., and ordained 
 May 5, '59, by First Ohio; was pastor at Oxford, O., May, 
 1859-July 31, '66; joined the Presbyterian Ch. ; pastor at 
 Kirkwood, 111.; and Hillsboro, O., since Dec, 1869. 
 
 McVEAN, Daniel C. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 15, 1818, in Caledonia, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Union in 1844, and studied theology at Newburgh; was 
 licensed in June, 1847, by Caledonia Pres., and ordained Jan. 
 30, '50, by the same; was pastor at Lyndon, Cattaraugus Co., 
 N. Y., Jan., 1850-Sept., '65; died Sept. 7, 1867. 
 McVEY, Hugh Given: 
 
 Was born in Muskingum Co. , O. ; was graduated at Mus- 
 kingum in 1871, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed May 12, 1874, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 6, '75, by Indiana; was S. S. at Indianapolis June, 1875- 
 June, '76; pastor of Second Ch., Washington, la., Sept. 26, 
 1877-Dec. 6, '80, and of First Ch., New Wilmington, Pa., 
 since Mar. 29, 1881. 
 McWATTY, Robert, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 10, 1828, in Monaghan, Ireland; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1850, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 21, 1853, by Lawrence Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 29, '54, by the same; pastor in Mercer, Pa., Sept., 1854- 
 June 8, '82; is now chaplain in the U. S. Army in New 
 Mexico. 
 McWILLIAM, Alexander (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Aug. 8, 1824, ^^ Wigtonshire, Scotland; was 
 graduated at Union in 1850, and studied theology at New- 
 burgh; was licensed May 12, 1853, ^Y Caledonia Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 11, '55, by New York; pastor of Graham's Ch., 
 Orange Co., N. Y., Sept., 1855-June, '59; joined the Re- 
 formed Dutch Ch., and was pastor at Walpack, N. J., 1860- 
 '70; has been of East Millstone, N. J., since 1870. 
 
 MADGE, James G. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 13, 1837, at Bethel, Mercer Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in i860, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 17, 1866, by Mercer Pres., and 
 
482 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ordained Aug. 9, '70, by Mansfield; pastor at Dal ton, O., 
 
 since ordination. 
 
 MAG AW, Samuel Patterson (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 3, 1793, in South Carolina; was graduated 
 at Transylvania University, Ky., in 1813, and studied the- 
 ology in New York under Dr. Mason; was licensed Aug. 7, 
 1817, by the Pres. of Kentucky, and ordained Sept. 30, '18, 
 by Ohio; was installed pastor at ordination of Mt. Pleasant, 
 Butler Co., O., and Clear Creek, sixteen miles distant. This 
 latter he resigned in 1838, and it has since become extinct; 
 he remained with the former until his death. Mar. 18, 1840, 
 and was buried at his old Clear Creek Ch. 
 
 MAGILL, Daniel Elnathan: 
 
 Was born May 30, 1855, at Cumminsville, Huntingdon 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1884, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 7, 1887, by Garnett Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 7, '87, by the same; pastor at Welda, 
 Kan., since ordination. 
 
 MAIRS, George (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born at Drumbeg, Monaghan Co., Ireland, Ap., 1761; 
 was graduated at Glasgow University, and studied theology 
 with John Brown, of Haddington; was licensed by the Burgher 
 Pres. of Monaghan, and ordained and installed by the Pres. 
 of Ballybay as pastor of the Burgher congregation at Coote- 
 hill, county Cavan. After a few years of successful labor he 
 resigned May 2, 1793; sailed on the 12th of the same month 
 for New York, where he arrived ist of Aug., passed imme- 
 diately to Washington Co., N. Y., where he joined the Asso. 
 Ref Pres. of New York; installed over Hebron and Argyle 
 Nov. 13, 1793; resigned Hebron Dec. 16, '94, and remained 
 pastor in Argyle till his death Oct. 11, 1841. 
 
 MAIRS, George, Jr. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of George; was born in Argyle, N. Y., in Mar., 1798; 
 was graduated at Union in 1820; studied theology one year 
 with Dr. Mason and finished with his father; was licensed by 
 the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Washington Mar. 5, 1823; was or- 
 dained and installed Sept. 3 of the same year as assistant and 
 successor of his father; resigned June 10, '51, and continued 
 to reside in Argyle until his death, Ap. 10, 1882. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 483 
 
 MAIRS, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Brother of George; was born at Driimbeg, in Ireland, about 
 1766 or 17 67; was educated at the University of Glasgow, and 
 studied theology with Brown, of Haddington; was licensed 
 and ordained by the Burgher Pres., of Monaghan; came to 
 this country in 1793 with his brother; joined the Asso. Ref. 
 Pres. of New York; was called Jan. 8, '94, and installed Feb. 
 20, as pastor of Galloway, Charlton, Corrybush, (Princetown,) 
 and Remsensbush, (Florida), resigned the latter two May 6, 
 1795, and remained pastor of the other two, consolidated as 
 West Charlton, till 1835, when he went to live with his chil- 
 dren in New York city, where he died Sept. i8, 1840. 
 
 MANN, David: 
 
 Was born and educated in Scotland, and ordained Dec. 27, 
 1855, by the Annandale Pres. of the United Presbyterian Ch. 
 of Scotland; was pastor of the congregation of Walton, in 
 Canada, July 11, 1871-May 2, '76, and then passed to one of 
 the Canadian churches. 
 
 MARKS, Lafayette, D. D. : 
 
 Was born in Hancock Co. , W. Va. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1856, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 13, 1859, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 10, '60, by the same; pastor of Union Ch., Allegheny Co., 
 Ap., 1860-Mar. 26, '67; North Ch., Philadelphia, S. S. 1867- 
 '8; He passed to the Presbyterian Ch., and has ever since been 
 pastor of a congregation in Wilmington, Del. 
 
 MARLING, Moses Morton: 
 
 Was born Nov. 5, 1835, at Roney's Point, W. Va. ; was gra- 
 duated at Jefferson in 1857, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, 1861, by the Pres. of Wheeling, and or- 
 dained Ap. 3, '64, siJie titulo^ by Kansas; pastor of Union, 
 Randolph Co., 111., i865-'7o; of Roney's Point, West Va., 
 1871-June 16, '85. Published an Address on the Inspiration 
 of the Holy Scriptures. 
 
 MARSHALL, Clark Hindman: 
 
 Was born July 20, 1861, at Dayton, Armstrong Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Princeton in 1882, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1884, by Brookville Pres., 
 
484 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 and ordained Dec. 15, '85, by Westmoreland; pastor of 
 Puckety and Parnassus since ordination. 
 
 MARSHALL, Hugh C. : 
 
 Was born May 4, 1849, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Westminster and studied theology at Union Theolo. Sem., 
 New York city; was licensed Ap. 23, 1878, by Second New 
 York, and ordained Feb. 19, '80, by Kansas; pastor in 
 Leavenworth, Kan., i88o-'2; Freeport, Pa., 1883-5; S. S. 
 Oakland Mission, 1885- 
 
 MARSHALL, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Washington Co., Pa.; was educated at Frank- 
 lin and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in 
 June, 1843, t>y Muskingum Pres., and ordained by the same 
 in Sept., '44; was pastor at Londonderry, Guernsey Co., O., 
 Sept., 1844-54; united with the Presbyterian Ch., and died 
 Ang. 24, 1858, at Doddsville, 111. 
 
 MARSHALL, Samuel C, D. D.; 
 
 Was born May 3, at New Concord, O. ; was graduated at 
 Muskingum in 1856, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Oct. 26, 1859, by Muskingum Pres,, and ordained 
 July 16, '61, by New York; was pastor of Hoboken, N. J., 
 July, i86i-Ap. '63; of Service, Monroe Co., la., 1870-June, 
 "^^^'^ was Prof, of Languages at Muskingum College 1864-9; 
 President of Amity College, la., Sept., 1877-83; Pres. of 
 Tarkio College, Mo., i884-'6. 
 
 MARSHALL, William (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1740 near Abernethy, in Fifeshire, Scot- 
 land; his father was a respectable farmer and a ruling elder in 
 Alexander MoncriefF's congregation. He was graduated at 
 one of the universities, and studied theology in the Divinity 
 Hall under the elder Moncrieff; was licensed in the spring of 
 1763 by the Asso. Pres. of Perth, and sailed in August for 
 Philadelphia; was ordained Aug. 30, 1765, by the Asso. Pres. 
 of Pennsylvania; was pastor of the congregation of Deep Run, 
 in Bucks Co., Pa., Aug., 1765-Ap. 19, '69, and of the Asso. 
 congregation in Philadelphia, Ap., 1769, until his death. 
 
 In Philadelphia he first preached in the Burgher meeting 
 house in Shippen street, but as it was limited by deed for the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 485 
 
 use of a Burgher congregation, and Mr. Telfair was expected 
 back from Scotland to occupy it, a lot of ground was pur- 
 chased on Spruce street, above Third, and a church erected 
 in 1 77 1. This building, during the occupancy of the British, 
 1 777-' 8, was converted into a hospital for the Hessians. 
 
 When a majority of the Pres. of Pennsylvania voted, June 
 14, 1782, to consummate a union with the Ref. Pres., Messrs. 
 Marshall and Clarkson and three elders protested and appealed 
 to the Synod in Scotland; and claiming that the powers of 
 the Asso. Pres. were vested in those who adhered to its true 
 principles and constitution, Mr. Marshall, as Stated Clerk, 
 took the minutes and papers of the Presbytery, and with the 
 minority retired to the Session House, chose Mr. Clarkson as 
 Moderator, and continued the Presbytery as the Asso. Pres. 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The three contracting Presbyteries met in the house of Elder 
 Richards, in Philadelphia, and organized the Synod of the 
 Asso. Ref. Ch. Nov. i, 1782. The five Elders, the Board of 
 Trustees and the majority of the congregation in Spruce 
 street applied to the Synod for advice as to what they should 
 do, inasmuch as their pastor, Mr. Marshall, refused to come 
 with them into the union. The request was referred to Drs. 
 Mason and Annan, and they "advised the congregation to 
 deal gently with Mr. Marshall, for they hoped he would see 
 his error and soon return to his brethren." Things remained 
 in this condition until the spring of 1786, when the Trustees 
 and members petitioned the State Legislature to alter the 
 Deed of Trust, which confined the property to a congregation 
 " in subordination to the Associate Synod of Scotland." Mr. 
 Marshall remonstrated, and cited the elders, most of whom 
 were also Trustees, before the Asso. Pres., where the Moder- 
 ator, Mr. Beveridge, said: "It is a matter of notoriety that 
 you have applied to the Legislature of the State to repeal a 
 part of the Deed of Trust, and this is Erastianism, and for 
 this you are called to answer." The Presbytery then deposed 
 from office and excommunicated from the church four of the 
 elders, and suspended the other one. The charter of the 
 church confined the management of its property to communi- 
 cants, so this action of the Presbytery would depose them 
 
486 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 from office as Trustees. They informed the Presbytery that 
 they were not under the jurisdiction of the Asso. Pres., but 
 had gone with the majority of the Presbytery under which 
 they had always been into the union, and as they had con- 
 tributed the means for the building of the church, they de- 
 signed to hold it as their property and for their own use. 
 On the following Sabbath, when Mr. Marshall came to hold 
 services, the house was locked and guarded, and after ineffect- 
 ively demanding admission, he turned aside to a neighboring 
 house and preached. On the next Sabbath the pulpit was 
 filled by an Asso. Ref minister, and soon afterward Dr. Rob- 
 ert Annan was called from Boston and installed as pastor in 
 Spruce street. Mr. Marshall entered suit for the property, 
 and for nearly three years the case hung in court. In Jan., 
 1789, it came to trial and the jury disagreed. In July, 1790, 
 it came up again before Judges McKean and Rush, and after 
 a most elaborate argument by the attorneys — for the case in- 
 volved a new point of law — the judges gave opposite charges 
 to the jury. Mr. Marshall lost his cause, and thus ended one 
 of the most celebrated cases ever tried before the Pennsylva- 
 nia courts. 
 
 In the fall of 1786 the Legislature repealed the clause in the 
 Deed of Trust which subordinated the congregation to the 
 Synod of Scotland. Upon the termination of the suit Mr. 
 Marshall and his friends went immediately to work and erected 
 a church edifice on Walnut street, which they entered July 31, 
 1 791, and over which, sixty years afterward, there was also a 
 protracted lawsuit. 
 
 Mr. Marshall was two or three inches over six feet in height 
 and quite fleshy, was dignified and courteous in manners, and 
 good at repartee. When the yellow fever was in Philadel- 
 phia he wrote a ' ' Theological Tract on the propriety of re- 
 moving from places where the yellow fever prevails. ' ' As he 
 was leaving the city at this time, because of the yellow fever, 
 a friend on the other side of the street accosted him, saying: 
 "The wicked flee when no man pursueth, but the righteous 
 are as bold as a lion." He immediately replied: "A prudent 
 man foreseeth the evil and hideth himself, but the simple pass 
 on and are punished." He preached at the organization of 
 
THE MINISTRY. 487 
 
 the Associate Synod, and was its first Moderator. His salary 
 never exceeded ^220, and lie was compelled to keep boarders 
 for the support of his family. He preserved his Scottish ac- 
 cent and dialect to the last, and was not in any sense an ora- 
 tor; yet he was an instructive and profitable preacher, so that 
 such men as Dr. Rush occasionally waited on his ministry. 
 He was exceedingly conservative, and adhered rigidly to all 
 traditional forms and ceremonies of his early education, even 
 to the "lining" of the Psalms one line at a time. Of his 
 communion service, a son of one of his elders writes thus: 
 "The action sermon, fencing the tables, etc., occupied so 
 much time that, although we began precisely at ten o'clock, 
 it was about two o'clock before the communicants were seated 
 at the first table. Then his addresses at the table were very 
 long, and I believe we did not get away from four till half- 
 past four in the afternoon. While he was distributing the 
 tokens on Saturday afternoon he would repeat the Song of 
 Solomon in what I suppose would be called intoning.'''' He 
 died Nov. 17, 1802, from a liver trouble, and the Governor 
 and the Chief Justice of the State and other men of note at- 
 tended his funeral in token of their esteem. He left but one 
 child, a son, and his descendants are now members of the 
 Episcopal Ch. Publications: A Sermon on Psalmody, 1773; 
 A Catechism for Youth ; A Vindication of the Associate Pres- 
 bytery, an answer to Dr. Annan, 1791; Some Remarkable 
 Passages in the life of Thomas Beveridge; A Theological 
 Tract on the Propriety of removing from places where the 
 yellow fever prevails; An Act of the Associate Presbytery 
 against Occasional Hearing, to which he afterward appended 
 a review of the different Religious Denominations in the 
 United States in order to illustrate the propriety of the Act. 
 MARTIN, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland about 1725; was educated in Scotland, 
 and studied theology in the Anti-burgher Divinity Hall, class 
 1749, and was ordained at Bangor, Ireland, in 1753; was re- 
 ceived by the Pres. of Pennsylvania, at Pequea, Pa., Aug. i, 
 1775, upon the following certificate: 
 
 These are certifying that the bearer, Rev. James Martin, has for many 
 years been a member of the Asso. Pres. of Moira and Lisbum, in Ireland, 
 
488 THK MINISTRY. 
 
 and behaved soberly and inoffensively, suitable to liis character as a minister 
 and Christian, as far as known to us; and having signified a design to remove 
 to America and obtain the allowance of the Asso. Synod of Scotland for that 
 purpose, he departs hence with an unblemished reputation, and there is no- 
 thing to hinder his admission as a member of the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania. 
 Done by order of the Asso. Pres. of Moira and Lisburn, met at Moira, 7th of 
 March, 1775. FRANCIS PRINGLE, Pby. Clerk. 
 
 The church at Marsh Creek, Adams Co. , Pa. , had written 
 to him in Ireland in a congregational capacity, encouraging 
 him to come to this Province, and the Pres. appointed him 
 to supply at Raphoe, Hanover, Conewago and Marsh Creek 
 during Aug. and Sept., but for some reason he did not settle 
 in Adams Co. For two years he itinerated in North Carolina, 
 Virginia, and in Franklin, Adams, Cumberland and North- 
 umberland counties, Pa. Received a call from North Caro- 
 lina. in 1776, which Pres. would not sustain because of inade- 
 quate salary. It is stated in the minutes of the Pres. Oct. 15, 
 1777, that "Mr. Martin having departed from our communion 
 is ordered to attend next meeting to be dealt with on this 
 head." By letter at a subsequent meeting he declined the 
 further authority of the Pres., having joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch., May 22, 1777, and was suspended for contumacy, etc. 
 He labored in central Pennsylvania in connection with the 
 Presbyterian Ch., and died in June 1795, in the pastorate of 
 Penn Valley Ch. 
 
 MARTIN, James, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born May 12, 1796, in Albany, N. Y. ; while a mere 
 child the family moved to Argyle, where he was brought up; 
 was graduated at Union in 1819; studied theology principally 
 with Dr. Banks in Philadelphia; was licensed Sept. 2, 1822, 
 by Cambridge Pres., and ordained by the same May 10, '24; 
 pastor in Albany, N. Y., May, 1824-July, '42; was editor of 
 the Religions Monitor for six years; was Dr. Ramsey's suc- 
 cessor as Prof, of Hebrew and Didactic Theology in Canons- 
 burg 1842-6, where he died June 15, 1846, from hemorrhage 
 of the lungs. Publications: The Imputation of Adam's First 
 Sin to his posterity, i2mo., 1834; A Sermon on The Duty of 
 Submission to Church Rulers Explained and Defined, 1841, 
 and numerous contributions to the Monitor. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 489 
 
 MARTIN, John F. : 
 
 Was born Oct. 3, 1837, in Brush Valley, Indiana Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Washington in i860, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 16. 1863, by Conemaugh 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 15, '66, by Allegheny; was pastor 
 of Mt. Pleasant and Evansburg, in Butler Co., Nov., 1866- 
 Ap., '71; of Monroe, la., June, 1871-June, '79, and of Green- 
 field, Adair Co., la., Dec. 23, 1879-Sept. 24, '83; Lebanon, 
 Mo., iS84-June, '87. 
 
 MARTIN, John Kell: 
 
 Was born July i, 1842, in Lawrence Co., Ind. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1865, and studied theology one year at 
 Monmouth and three years in the Ref Presbyterian Sem. in 
 Philadelphia; was licensed Mar, 22, 1867, by the Ref Presby- 
 terian Pres. of Philadelphia (N. S.), and ordained Ap. 16, '68, 
 by the Western Pres. of the same church; was pastor at Wal- 
 nut Hill, Marion Co., 111., Ap. 16, 1868-Jan., '71; of Kansas 
 City, Mo., spring, 1871-Nov., ^^y, S. S. at Kingsville, Mo., 
 1874-5; pastor at Olena, 111., May 26, 1876-Nov. i, '79; of 
 Lexington, O., Sept. 16, 1880, and Monroe 1882-Sept. 30, 
 '84; Reynoldsburg, O., 18S6-, Mr. Martin came into the 
 United Presbyterian Ch. with his Pres. when the Western 
 Presbytery of Ref Presbyterian Ch. united with the United 
 Presbyterian Synod of Illinois at Paxton, Sept. 2, 1870. Pub- 
 lications: Parody on Poe's Raven, Commencement Exercise, 
 1865; Two or Three Sermons, and an Oration July 4, 1877. 
 
 MARTIN, John Scott : 
 
 Was born Dec. 22, 1850, at Little York, 111. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1875, and studied theology at Newburgh; 
 was licensed in May, 1876, by Rock Island Pres., and or- 
 dained and installed Oct. 25, '''j']^ by Chillicothe, at Cherry 
 Fork, Adams Co., O. 
 
 MARTIN, John Williamson: 
 
 Was born Nov. 10, 1834, in Jefferson Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1858, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 14, i86i, by Steuben ville Pres., and or- 
 dained by the same Ap. 8, '62; was pastor of Carrollton and 
 connections, O., Ap., 1862-Ap., '65; of East Liverpool and 
 
 31 
 
490 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Calcutta, O., July, 1865-June, '68; was S. S. at Edgertoii, 
 Johnson Co., Kan., 1869-Oct., 'jy, Pleasant Hill and N. 
 Salem, O., from Nov. 17, 1874; resigned the former and as- 
 sumed Clear Fork, June 13, 1882. 
 
 MARTIN, Samuel, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Dec. 9, 1836, in Jefferson Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1861, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Xenia; was licensed in Mar., 1865, by Steubenville Pres., 
 and ordained July 3, '66, by the same; sailed soon afterward 
 for the foreign missionary field, and has labored ever since in 
 Northern India. 
 
 MARTIN, William Grant: 
 
 Was born Ap. 10, 1853, near Irondale, Jefferson Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Mt. Union College in 1879, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 15, 1884, by Steubenville 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 5, '84, by Delaware; pastor at North 
 Hamden, Delaware Co., N. Y., Nov. 5, 1884-May 10, '87; 
 pastor of Jersey City, N. J., since Aug. 16, '87. 
 
 MARTIN, William James: 
 
 Was born June 19, 1854, in Philadelphia, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1876, and studied 
 theology at Newburgh and Allegheny; was licensed May 8, 
 1879, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Sept. 7, '80, by 
 Delaware; pastor at Cabin Hill, Delaware Co., N. Y., Sept. 
 7, 1880-June, '86; Fall River, Mass., June 13, 1886- 
 
 MASON, John, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born near Mid-Calder, county of Linlithgow, Scotland, 
 in 1734; was graduated (it is believed) at Edinburgh Univer- 
 sity; studied theology with Alexander Moncriefif, of Aber- 
 nethy; at the age of twenty he lectured in the Latin language 
 with as much ease as in the English; at twenty-four he was 
 made Assistant Professor of Logic and Moral Philosophy in 
 the Anti-burgher Theological Hall; in the spring of 1761 he 
 was ordained and sent out to America, and was installed dur- 
 ing the following summer as pastor of the Associate Congre- 
 gation of Cedar street, in New York city. He went into the 
 union of 1782 which formed the Asso. Ref Ch. He was emi- 
 nentlv useful in his church and in the community because of 
 
THE MINISTRY. 49I 
 
 his industry and wisdom. When it was proposed to establish 
 an Archbishopric in colonial days and model the Episcopal 
 Ch. after the Established Ch. in England, he opposed it vig- 
 orously in the public prints and did much toward preventing 
 it. When the British took possession of New York he sent 
 his family to a safe place in the country and entered the 
 American camp as a chaplain. He was a man of sound and 
 vigorous mind, of extensive learning and fervent piety. As 
 a preacher he was very judicious and instructive, and as a pas- 
 tor especially faithful and diligent. He understood human 
 nature well, and gave advice with much point and aptness. 
 When Dr. Alexander Proudfit left college he was strongly 
 tempted from ambitious views to turn to the law, but thought 
 best to seek the advice of his father's friend, to whom he 
 stated that he had not fully determined as to the profession 
 he would choose. Dr. Mason saw at once the cause of his in- 
 decision, and simply answered: "Alexander, if you leave the 
 service of Christ in the ministry for the pursuit of worldly 
 honors. He will raise up others to serve Him, but you may be 
 lost." This settled the question, and Dr. Proudfit became 
 one of the most active and useful ministers of his day. 
 
 Dr. Mason was of middle stature, not corpulent, had black 
 hair and a penetrating black e5'e. He was distinguished for 
 his courtly manners, staid deportment and decision of charac- 
 ter. He was strict in his family discipline and uncommonly 
 systematic in all his habits. As a speaker his delivery was 
 plain but energetic. His people loved him and confided in 
 him as a father. After laboriously serving his charge for 
 thirty years, his recollection suddenly failed him one day in 
 the midst of his sermon, and he was unable to proceed. He 
 simply stated that he regarded this as a divine admonition of 
 his speedy dismission from earth, and admonished them to be 
 prepared for the divine will. He passed to his house and to 
 his last illness, and died on the 19th of Ap., 1792. The dis- 
 tinguished Mrs. Isabella Graham, who ministered at his death- 
 bed, said: "He had a sore conflict with the king of terrors, 
 who seemed allowed to revel through every part of his mortal 
 frame. His legs were mortified to his knees. He had not 
 been able to lie down for four weeks, and died in his chair. 
 
492 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Like his Master, he groaned but never complained. He had 
 a draught of his Master's cup, but the bitter ingredient deser-- 
 tion made no part of it." He often told her "All is well, 
 and all zuill be ivell.'''' 
 
 MASON, John Mitchell, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of Dr. John; was born in New York city, Mar. 19, 
 1770; was graduated at Columbia College in 1789; studied 
 theology for two years with his father and Dr. Livingston, of 
 the Ref Dutch Ch., and finished in the University of Edin- 
 burgh; was licensed in Nov., 1792, and ordained and installed 
 Ap. 18, '93, by the Asso. Ref. Pres. of New York, as the suc- 
 cessor of his father in Cedar street; was released May 25, 
 1810, and became pastor of a colony which organized in Mur- 
 ray street. He was Prof of Theology in the Seminary in 
 New York from its organization in 1805 till its suspension. 
 He edited and did nearly all the writing for the Christian 
 Magazine i8o4-'o8. He was Provost of Columbia College 
 i8ii-'i6. In 1819 paralysis began to manifest itself, and in 
 182 1 he resigned his connection with the Seminary and his 
 pastoral charge of Murray street congregation; united with 
 the Presbyterian Ch. and accepted the Presidency of Dickin- 
 son College at Carlisle, Pa. ; resigned this position in 1824; 
 returned to New York and died Dec. 26, 1829, ^^ ^ state of 
 entire mental imbecility. As a pulpit orator he had no rival 
 in America. His publications were: Catholic Communion; 
 Letters on Frequent Communion; Considerations on Lots; 
 EssaA'S on Episcopacy; The Church of God; Twenty-Six 
 Sermons; Seven Orations, etc.; and a political pamphlet 
 published in 1800 in opposition to the election of Thomas Jef- 
 erson, which are collected in four volumes. 
 
 MATTHEWS, George D. : 
 
 Was received in May, 1868, by the Second Pres. of New 
 York from the United Presbyterian Pres. of Galloway, Scot- 
 land; was pastor in Jane St., New York, May, 1868-Feb. 20, 
 '74; joined the Presbyterian Ch. and is now pastor in Quebec, 
 Canada. 
 
 MATTHEWS, James M., D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 18, 1785, in Salem, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 
THE MINISTRY. 493 
 
 at Union in 1803, and finished his theological conrse in New 
 York under Dr. Mason; was licensed in 1807 by the New 
 York Pres. , and subsequently ordained by the same. He 
 supplied in the South Dutch Ch., Garden St., New York, 
 i8ii-'i2; in 1813 he received a call to the pastorate of this 
 church, and the Pres. of New York referred the question to 
 the General Synod, whether, under the circumstances, "the 
 Presbyter}' of the New York be permitted to put the call into 
 Mr. Matthews' hands." After a pretty lively discussion it 
 was decided to present. Having been largely aided by the 
 Seminary funds while a student, the question of refunding by 
 those who left the church came up for the first time. It was 
 moved by Dr. Mason, seconded by Dr. R. Proudfit, and 
 unanimously adopted by the Synod: "That no judicatory of 
 this church shall give to any minister or probationer who may 
 have been assisted in his education from the public funds of 
 this church permission to accept a call from any other church, 
 or a certificate of his standing with a view to join another 
 church, without repayment, or the security of repayment, of 
 the amount he may have received from said fund." 
 
 Having joined the Ref Dutch Ch. he was pastor of the 
 Garden St. Ch. i8i3-'4o; he was Assistant Professor of Dr. 
 Mason in the Theo. Sem. iSoq-'iS, for five years after he left 
 the church; was Chancellor of the University of New York 
 183 1-' 9; he died in New York in 1870. 
 
 MAUGHUN, Joseph S. (A.): 
 
 Was graduated at Franklin in 1849, ^.nd studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 15, 1851, by Allegheny 
 Pres., and ordained, sine tihtlo^ Oct. 21, '52, by Southern In- 
 diana; pastor of Greyfriars, Hopewell and Union, Scott Co., 
 Ind., July, 1853-Ap. , '57; has been variously employed in 
 Page and Monona counties, la., since 1858; not now actively 
 engaged in the duties of the ministry. 
 
 MAXWELL, Ebenezer K. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Galway, Saratoga Co. , N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Union in 1805, and studied theology in New York with 
 Dr. Mason; was licensed Sept. 11, 1810, by Saratoga Pres., 
 and ordained Feb. 5, '12, by the same; was installed at his 
 
494 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ordination over the Asso. Ref. congregation at Delhi, Dela- 
 ware Co., N. Y. In 1822 his Pres. opposed the contemplated 
 union with the Presbyterian Ch., but as he was in favor of it 
 he and his congregation passed in 1823 to the Presbyterian 
 Ch. He remained at Delhi, and died in 1840. 
 
 MAY, John Ross: 
 
 Was born Feb. 19, 1841, at Venice, Washington Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Washington and Jefferson in 1868, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 21, 1870, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Aug. 15, '76, by Frankford; 
 pastor at Paris, Washington Co., Pa., Aug., 1876-Jan, 22, 
 '79; Beaver Run and Beech Woods, Pa., June 16, 1886- 
 
 MAYN, Alexander: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Hugh; was born Jan. 24, 1830, in Fleming 
 Co., Ky. ; was graduated at South Hanover, Ind., in 1857, 
 and studied theology at Oxford, O., and Due West, S. C. ; 
 was licensed Ap. 7, i860, by the Second Asso. Ref Pres. of 
 the Carolinas, and ordained May 4, '61, by the Asso. Ref. 
 Pres. of Arkansas; has spent his time largely in teaching in 
 various academies; was S. S. for Murray, Warren and Pleas- 
 ant Valley, in the Wabash Pres., 1868-71; and at Promise 
 City, la., i873-'4. 
 
 MAYNE, Hugh (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 31, 1794, in the parish of Saintfield, county 
 Down, Ireland; received his collegiate and theological educa- 
 tion in Glasgow, Scotland; was licensed by the Pres. of Bel- 
 fast, and came to this country in 1823 and connected himself 
 with the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Kentucky, and was by it or- 
 dained, sine tihilo^ Dec. 7, '24; pastor of Shiloh, Mt. Olivet 
 and Flemingsburg, Ky. , which he had supplied for three pre- 
 vious years. May 17, 1826-Ap., '38. He demitted his charge 
 because of ill health, and moved to Ind. where he engaged in 
 teaching until his health was in great measure restored, when 
 he moved to 111. and preached as home missionary for a year 
 or two, when his health failed again and he returned to teach- 
 ing, but soon died. This occurred Oct. 31, 1852, in Union 
 Co., 111. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 495 
 
 MEEK, Stafford W.: 
 
 Was born near Sparta, 111.; was graduated at Monmouth 
 in 1871, and studied theology at Chicago and Newburgh; was 
 licensed in the spring of 1872 by Delaware Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 3, 'jT,, by the same; was pastor of Walton, Delaware 
 Co., N. Y., Sept., 1873-N0V. 14, '76; joined the Congrega- 
 tional Ch., and is now pastor at Ravenna, O. 
 
 MEHARD, Thomas (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1815 in Larne, Ireland, and brought by his 
 parents to Western Pennsylvania in 1818; was graduated at 
 the Western University in 1835, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 11, '38, by Monongahela Pres., and 
 ordained June 30, '41, by the Lake; pastor of Shenango, 
 Turkey Run and East Brook, Pa., from his ordination until 
 his death, July 16, 1845. 
 
 MEHARD, WiLUAM Agnevv^, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 29, 1825, ^^^ Harmony, Butler Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Duquesne College, Pittsburgh, in 1845, and 
 studied theology in Allegheny; was licensed May 11, 1848, 
 by Lake Pres., and ordained May 9, '50, by the same; was 
 pastor of Portersville, Evansburg and Centerville, Butler Co. , 
 May, 1850-Aug. 20, '51; was installed over New Wilming- 
 ton and East Brook, Lawrence Co., Pa., Aug. 19, 1852; re- 
 signed the former Aug. 27, '72, and still retains the latter; 
 has been Prof of Mathematics and Hebrew in Westminster 
 College since 1858. 
 MELOY, John Calvin: 
 
 Was born Feb. 15, 1836, at Taylorstown, Washington Co., 
 Pa.; was graduated at Washington in i860, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1863, by Chartiers 
 Pres., and ordained June 27, '64, by Philadelphia; was pastor 
 of the Sixth Ch., Philadelphia, June, 1864-Oct., '65; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch. and is at West Newton, Westmoreland 
 Co., Pa. 
 MELOY, William Taggart, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Oct. 4, 1838, in Washington Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Washington in i860, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1864, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 
496 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ordained June 2, '65, by Wheeling; pastor of Cadiz, O., June, 
 1865-Mar. 20, '78; of Chicago, 111., since Oct. 2, 1878; was 
 Lieutenant in the Union army during a part of the civil war. 
 Publications: History of the United Presbyterian Congrega- 
 tion of Cadiz, a Sermon, pp. 26; The Church at Lansington, 
 a Story of Pastoral Life, 12 mo, pp. 208. 
 
 MELVIN, William (A.): 
 
 Was received in 1856 by the Pres. of Albany as a licentiate 
 from the Presbyterian Ch. of Ireland; was ordained in the 
 summer of 1858 by the Asso. Pres. of New York; pastor in 
 Providence, R. I., i858-'9; traveled in the domestic mission- 
 ary field until 1875, when he left the church. 
 
 MERCER, Thomas: 
 
 Was born Mar. 18, 1826, at Jackson, O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1851, and studied theology at Xenia and Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 16, 1857, by Chillicothe Pres., and 
 ordained Jan. 19, '59, by the Asso. Ref Pres. of Michigan; 
 pastor of Camden, Mt. Hope and Providence, Clinton Co., Ind., 
 Jan., 1859-Ap. 13, '70; of Scioto, Jackson Co., O., Ap., 1871- 
 Ap., '''jy^ of Decatur, Brown Co., O., June 21, 1873-Ap. 6, '81. 
 
 MIDDLEMASS, Jasper (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1799, educated and licensed in Scotland, and 
 came to this country in the spring of 1833, and in Oct. of 
 that 3' ear was ordained by the Asso. Ref. Pres. of New York; 
 was pastor at White Lake, Sullivan Co., N. Y., Oct., 1833- 
 June, '35; of Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., June 23, 1836 
 -Oct., '38; joined the Reformed Dutch Ch., and was pastor of 
 Blooming Grove; Berne and Salem, N. Y. ; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. and preached a number of years in the west, and 
 died Jan. 17, 1881, in Malcom, Poweshiek Co., la. 
 
 MILLAR, James (A.): 
 
 Was born, edncated and ordained in Scotland; came to this 
 country in 1818, and united with the Associate Ch. ; pastor at 
 Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y., Nov. 4, 1819-Feb. i, '26. 
 In Oct., 1826, he was deposed from the ministry by the 
 Synod for fornication, and his subsequent histor>' is not 
 known. 
 
THK MINISTRY, 497 
 
 MILLEN, Hugh Wilson: 
 
 Was born Mar. 26, 1851, in Jefferson Co., Pa. ; was edncated 
 at Westminster and stndied theology at Allegheny ; was li- 
 censed Jan. 16, 1883, by Brookville Pres., and ordained Sept. 
 16, '84, by Frankfort; pastor of Raccoon, Beaver Co., Pa., 
 since ordination. 
 
 MILLEN, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 22, 1818, in Chester District, S. C. ; was 
 gradnated at Indiana State University in 1842, and studied 
 theology at Oxford; was licensed Ap. 22, 1845, by Indiana 
 Pres., and ordained in July, '47, by the same; pastor of 
 Shiloh, Ind., i847-'49; of Clayton, 111., i849-'56; Smith 
 Creek, 111., 1856-Dec. 28, '69; died Sept. 28, 1871. 
 
 MILLER, Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was cousin of the celebrated Hugh Miller, and was born 
 in Scotland; was graduated at Edinburgh University, and 
 studied theology part in Edinburgh under Dr. Chalmers and 
 part in Allegheny; was licensed in Ap., 1837, by Mononga- 
 hela Pres., and ordained June 20, '38, by Second Ohio; pastor 
 of Washington and Fairview, O., i838-'4o; of Savannah and 
 Plymouth, Ashland Co., O., May, 1842-Ap., '44; joined the 
 Presb)-terian Ch., and because of family troubles his wife pro- 
 cured a divorce, and he was suspended from the ministry. 
 He asked to be received back into the Second Pres. of Ohio, 
 of the Asso. Ref Ch., but was refused because of his being 
 divorced. He was remarried to his former wife, and was 
 taken back, and preached for a time in the vacancies of the 
 Mansfield Pres., and then became insane, and was taken to 
 the asylum at Dayton, where he died Jan. i, 1867. He was 
 a very superior scholar, and an unexceptionable preacher, 
 but a martyr to chronic neuralgia, by which his temper was 
 made very irritable and his reason finally destroyed. 
 
 MILLER, David Reed: 
 
 Was born Jan. 13, 1846, at Canonsburg, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1874, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 29, 1877, by Chartiers Pres, and ordained 
 Dec. 4, '77, by the same; was S. S. at Omaha, Neb., Dec, 
 1877-July, '79; pastor at Martin, Mich., since Ap. 16, 1881. 
 
498 the; ministry. 
 
 MILLER, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 14, 1803, in the parish of London, Ayrshire, 
 Scotland; received his literary and theological education in 
 Glasgow; was licensed in 1828 by the United Presbyterian 
 Pres. of Kilmarnock; spent several years in missionary work 
 in the Highlands and in the Orkney Islands; came to the U. 
 S. in 1839, and fixed his residence in Perry Co., O., without 
 any special design of further engaging in ministerial labors. 
 In 1841 the Second Asso. Ref. Pres. of Ohio recognized and 
 employed him as a probationer, and on the 19th of Ap., '43, 
 ordained him sine titnlo. He supplied Scotch Ridge, O., for 
 some time, and also other vacancies until '55, when he went 
 west and labored as a home missionary in what is now the 
 Des Moines Pres. until his death, Jan. 26, 1867. A man of 
 good education and ability, but slow of speech. 
 MILLER, James Patterson (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. i, 1792, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Jefferson, and, although he left the institution in 1814, for 
 some reason his Bachelor's degree was not conferred until 
 1818; was Principal of an Academy at Winchester, Va., 1815- 
 '16; studied theology with Dr. Anderson at Service i8i6-'i7; 
 taught a classical school in Cadiz for a year or two, and then 
 did the same at Steuben ville; was taken on trial for licensure 
 in 1 82 1, and finally concluded not to receive licensure, and 
 turned politician, became editor of a newspaper and was the 
 first man in Ohio who publicly urged the claims of General 
 Jackson to the Presidency. His wife (Elizabeth Roberts, of 
 Canonsburg), died suddenly in Dec, 1824, which brought 
 such convictions of conscience that he immediately abandoned 
 his political aspirations, returned to his original design, 
 studied Hebrew for a season with Dr. Ramsay, and received 
 licensure from the Pres. of Chartiers in Aug., 1825; was or- 
 dained, sine titiilo^ Sept. 6, '27, by Muskingum; spent two 
 years as missionary in the new Western States; was installed 
 pastor of South Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y., in Oct., 1829. 
 In 1850 the Asso. Synod chose him missionary to Oregon; he 
 accepted the appointment; resigned his pastoral charge in 
 Mar., 1851; sailed from New York Ap. I5tli, and landed in 
 Oregon on the 8th of June. He labored actively and success- 
 
THE MINISTRY, , 499 
 
 fully for three years; organized a congregation and was instru- 
 mental in forming the Associate and Associate Reformed 
 ministers of the Territory into the United Presbyterian Pres. 
 of Oregon. On the 8th of Ap., 1854, he was instantly killed 
 by the explosion of the boilers of a steamboat upon which he 
 was returning home from a visit to Portland. He was a man of 
 gigantic physical form, possessed a good mind and fair schol- 
 arship, but of slow and hesitating speech. He was exceed- 
 ingly practical in everything, and made a very accurate and 
 useful member of church courts. His benevolence and hos- 
 pitality were large, his temper was good, and his social 
 qualities very superior. Publication: Biographical Sketches 
 and Sermons of some of the First Ministers of the Associate 
 Church in America, octavo, 1839. 
 MILLER, James Russell, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 20, 1840, at Frankfort Springs, Beaver Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1862, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 22, 1865, by Steuben- 
 ville Pres., and ordained Sept. 11, '67, by Mercer; was pastor 
 of First Ch., New Wilmington, Pa., Sept., i867-'69; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor in Philadelphia, and 
 also in Rock Island, 111., and is now in Philadelphia, the 
 Superintendent of the Sabbath School Literature of the Pres- 
 byterian Ch. 
 
 MILLER, Robert J. : 
 
 Brother of Dr. James R. ; was born Feb. i, 1853, in Beaver 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1873, remained one 
 year as tutor of mathematics, and then studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed Sept. 22, 1876, by Muskingum Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 2, '78, by Sidney; was pastor at Sidney, O., Ap., 
 1878-N0V. 30, '80, and is now editor for the Board of Publi- 
 cation in Pittsburgh. 
 
 MILLER, Thomas Taylor: 
 
 Was born Nov. 18, 1846, in Cadiz, O. ; was graduated at 
 Muskingum in 1876, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Xenia; was licensed in Ap., 1878, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained Sept. 6, '79, by Wabash; pastor of Bethsaida, Tipton 
 Co., Ind., Sept. 6, 1879-Aug. 22, '83; Elliott and Center 
 Ridge, la., Oct 10, 1883-Dec. i, '84 and Mar. 31, '86. 
 
500 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 MILLER, William Franklin: 
 
 Was born June 5, 1839, near Grove City, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1863, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Oct. i, 1869, by Butler Pres., and or- 
 dained Sept. 18, '72, by Mansfield; pastor at Savannah, Ash- 
 land Co., O., from ordination till June, '82; East Union, Pa., 
 June, 1884. Publication: A Sermon on Revivals, 1879. 
 
 MITCHELL, Charles Herbert: 
 
 Was born Dec. 7, 1846, in Rush Co., Ind. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1869, and studied theology at Monmouth; 
 was licensed Ap. 18, 187 1, ''by Monmouth Pres., and ordained 
 June 12, '72, by Chicago; pastor of Camp Creek, 111., June 12, 
 1872-Sept., '87; Keota, la., since Oct., 1887. 
 
 MITCHELL, George Graham: 
 
 Was born in Union Co., O. ; was graduated at Washington 
 College, la., in i860, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed in Ap. , 1863, by Keokuk Pres., and ordained Ap. 18, 
 '65, sine titiilo^ by Wabash; was S. S. at Lafayette, Ind., 
 i865-'68; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is at Oxford, O. 
 
 MOFFATT, William S. : 
 
 Was born May 29, 1833, '^^ Greenville Co., S. C. ; was 
 graduated at Erskine College, S. C, in 1854, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny and Due West, S. C. ; was licensed 
 Ap. 25, 1857, by the Asso. Ref Pres. of Memphis, and or- 
 dained Ap. 23, '59, by the same; pastor of Prosperity and 
 New Hope, Fulton Co., Ark., 1859-65; labored in West 
 Tenn. i865-'67; after being S. S. for a year, was pastor since 
 Ap. 19, 1869, of Uniontown and McMahon's Creek, in Bel- 
 mont Co., O., which were under the care of the Asso. Ref. 
 Synod of the South. On the 14th of June, 1881, he and 
 these congregations joined the United Presbyterian Pres. of 
 Wheeling; resigned Uniontown, Oct. 19, '81, and MclNIahon's 
 Creek, Sept. 19, '82; Centerview, Mo., Nov. 13, 1883-Oct. 
 6, '86. 
 MOFFET, William Turner: 
 
 Was born July 27, 1837, in Bloomington, Ind. ; was gradu- 
 ated at the Indiana State University in 1857, and studied the- 
 ology at Monmouth; was licensed in Ap., i860, by Southern 
 
THE MINISTRY. 5OI 
 
 Indiana Pres., and ordained Ap. 2, '61, by Chicago; was 
 pastor of Somonauk, 111., 1861-Nov. 27, ''']^\ of Morning Sun, 
 Ia.,Ap. 2, 1878-83; missionary to Dakota, 1883. 
 
 MONFORT, Peter (A. R.)*: 
 
 His ancestors came from Holland in 1640 and first located 
 in New York. He was born Mar. 14, 1784, in Adams Co., 
 Pa., and the family moved in 1799 to the Miami Valley; he 
 studied privately for nine years with the Rev. Messrs. Thomp- 
 son, Stowe, Marshall and Welsh, and was licensed in the 
 spring of 18 13 by the Presbyterian Pres. of Miami, and or- 
 dained in '14, by the same; was pastor at Yellow Springs, O., 
 for four years, and at Unity and Pisgah for eleven years, and 
 at Findlay for three years. In 1836 he joined the First Pres. 
 of Ohio of the Asso. Ref. Ch., and was pastor at Sycamore 
 1 836-' 46; at Jacksonburg and connections, near Piqua, 1846 
 -'9; of Unity, at College Corner, O., spring of 1850-Oct. 4, 
 '59, and died in 1865. He was the father-in-law of the Rev. 
 Messrs. Samuel W. McCracken, James Williamson of Iowa; 
 Gilbert Gordon and Thomas S. Lee, of Kentucky. 
 
 MONTEITH, Junius Augustus: 
 
 Was born Aug. 29, 1850, near Little York, Warren Co., 
 111. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1877, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 2, 1879, by Monmouth Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 19, '79, by Chicago; S. S. and pastor at 
 Hanover, Jo Daviess Co., 111., Oct. 19, 1879-Mar. 11, '84; 
 Cedar Rapids, la., 1885- 
 MONTEITH, Robert Campbell: 
 
 Was born Aug. 15, 1848, in Martin, Allegan Co., Mich.; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1872, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth, Newburgh and Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 8, 
 1874, by Rock Island Pres., and ordained June 16, '75, by 
 Delaware; pastor at N. Kortright, Delaware Co., N. Y., 
 June, 1875-May 10, '87. 
 
 MONTEITH, Thomas Wilson: 
 
 Was born Dec. 3, 1843, at Martin, Allegan Co., Mich.; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1869, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth and Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 29, 187 1, by 
 Michigan Pres., and ordained July 8, '^^^ by Detroit; pastor 
 
502 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 at Port Hnroti, St, Clair Co., Mich., from ordination till June 
 
 29, '86. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, Andrew Spence: 
 
 Was born June 16, 1822, in Newberry Co., S. C. ; was edu- 
 cated at Viney Grove Academy, and studied theology at Due 
 West, S. C. ; was licensed in Aug., 1854, by the Asso. Ref. 
 Pres. of Tennessee, and ordained in Dec, '54, by the same; 
 was installed at ordination over Head Springs, Bedford Co., 
 Tenn., and when the civil war broke out the congregation 
 was about equally divided in their sympathies with the North 
 and the South. He continued for about a year to preach to 
 the Union party, the present Palmetto congregation, and 
 then his personal safety compelled him to go North. In the 
 spring of 1864 ^^ joined the United Presbyterian Ch., and 
 was S. S. for West Union, White Co., 111., i864-'7o; was then 
 installed as pastor, and continued in that relation until Dec, 
 '82; S. S. of Somerville and Eden, Ind., 1884- 
 MONTGOMERY, John H. : 
 
 Was born May 4, 1836, in New Vernon, Mercer Co., Pa., 
 and worked upon the farm until twenty- two years old; entered 
 IMonmouth in Oct., 1858; read church history during his 
 junior year, and in his senior year (1862) entered the army as 
 a private soldier, and continued his studies, particularly in 
 Hebrew, Greek and Theology. After two years' service he 
 had the offer of chaplaincy in a colored regiment of volun- 
 teers, and returned home, and was examined and licensed 
 and ordained Jan. 26, 1864, by Monmouth Pres., and served 
 as chaplain in the Sixteenth U. S. colored infantry until Oct., 
 1865. He then returned to Monmouth and was graduated in 
 June, 1866; was pastor at Elmira, 111., Sept, 18, i866-Ap. i, 
 '73; was thrown aside from active labors by severe ill health 
 for two years; pastor of Ellison, 111., Oct. i, 1875-Ap. 4, '83; 
 S. S. Vermillion and Lone Grove, Neb., 1885. Publications: 
 Unity of the Church, a small volume published by the West- 
 ern Tract Society; The Christian, a similar volume, pub- 
 lished by the United Presbyterian Board of Publication. 
 MONTGOMERY, John Knox: 
 
 Was born Aug. 4, 1861, at Belfast, Marshall Co., Tenn,; 
 was educated at Indiana State University, and studied theol- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 503 
 
 ogy at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 14, 1886, by Princeton Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 22, '87, by Chillicothe, as pastor of Unity, 
 Adams Co., O. 
 MONTGOMERY, Samuel Pattison: 
 
 Was born Dec. 21, 1855, ^^^ Bntler Co., Pa.; was edncated 
 at the Pittsburgh Academy, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1886, by Butler Pres., and or- 
 dained Dec. 21, '86, by Le Claire; pastor at Volga, Clayton 
 Co., la., since ordination. 
 
 MOORE, James M. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 31, 1854, in York, Jefferson Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Muskingum in 1876, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1879, by Wheeling Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 13, '79, by Rock Island; S. S. at Colona 
 and Pleasant Unity, Henry Co., 111., July i, i879-'8i; pastor 
 at Ontario, O., Nov. 17, 1881-June 9, '85; Scottdale, Pa., 
 1885- 
 MOORE, Samuel Adams: 
 
 Twin brother of James M. ; was born in York, Jefferson 
 Co., O., Mar. 31, 1854; was graduated at Muskingum in 1876, 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1879, 
 by Wheeling Pres., and ordained Dec. 2, '79, by Rock Island; 
 pastor of Homestead, Rock Island Co,, 111., Dec, 1879-Ap. 
 12, '81; Prof, at Iberia, O. ; Amity and Avondale, O., Oct. 
 24, 1884-Sept. 20, '87. 
 MOORE, Samuel B. : 
 
 Was born May 2, 1838, in Perry Co., O. ; w^as graduated at 
 Muskingum in 1865, and studied theology at Xenia; was li- 
 censed in Ap., 1870, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained June 
 4i '73) by Southern Illinois; pastor of Springfield, Randolph 
 Co., 111., June 4, 1873-Ap. 3, '83; Liberty, Neb., Dec, 4, 
 1884- 
 MOORE, Samuel James Steele: 
 
 Was born May 24, 1856, near New Concord, O. ; was grad- 
 uated in 1877 at Muskingum, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Nov. 9, 1880, by Muskingum Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 20, '81, by Mansfield; pastor of De Kalb con- 
 gregation, Crawford Co., O., Sept., 1881-July 15, '84; nth 
 Pittsburgh, July 28, 1885- 
 
504 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 MOORE, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was educated and licensed in the Presbyterian Cli., and 
 supplied at Oxbow, Jefferson Co., N. Y., but as he and the 
 mass of that congregation had no sympathy with the new 
 school measures, then so popular in central and western New 
 York, he joined the Asso. Ref Pres. of Washington, Nov. 4, 
 1834, and was by it ordained on the lotli of the following 
 Feb., and continued at Oxbow. In July, 1835, he went to 
 Lisbon, St, Lawrence Co., N. Y., to assist the Rev. J. Beve- 
 ridge at a communion; was taken ill and lingered on until 
 the 5th of Dec. , when he died and was buried among a strange 
 people. 
 
 MOOREHEAD, William Gallogly, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 19, 1836, at Rix Mills, Muskingum Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Muskingum in 1858, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 16, 1861, by Mus- 
 kingum Pres., and ordained July i, '62, by Sidney; served as 
 missionary in northern and central Italy under the direction 
 of the American and Foreign Christian Union i862-'7o; was 
 pastor of First Ch., Xenia, Mar., 1871-Jan. 26, '75; Fourth 
 Ch., Allegheny, Ap. 5, 1875-Jan. 18, '76; of the Third Ch., 
 Xenia, Dec. 17, 1878-Sept. 15, '85; has been Prof of Biblical 
 Literature and Greek Criticism in the Xenia Theo. Sem. 
 since 1873. Publications: A Commentary on one of the Gos- 
 pels, in Italian; numerous and extended papers on the Millen- 
 nial Controversy. 
 
 MORRIS, Abraham Wilson: 
 
 Was born Jan. 23, 1842, at Service, Beaver Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1872, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth and Newburgh; was licensed Aug. 26, 1874, by 
 Monmouth Pres., and ordained Sept. 7, '75, by Argyle; has 
 been pastor at S. Argyle, Washington Co. , N. Y. , since or- 
 dination. He served as a private in the Sixth Iowa regiment 
 through the civil war, July, 1861-July, 1865, and lost a leg in 
 one of the battles near Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 MORRISON, George Watson: 
 
 Son of Rev. M. Morrison; was born Sept. 18, 1861, in 
 Monmouth, 111. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1884, and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 505 
 
 studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 7, 1886, by Paw- 
 nee, and ordained Ap. 27, '87, by J^e Claire; pastor of Scotch 
 Grove, la., from ordination to Aug. 14, '87, and sailed for the 
 India mission in Oct., '87. 
 
 MORRISON, Marion, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born June 2, 182 1, in Adams Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Miami in 1846, and studied theology at Oxford; was li- 
 censed Ap. 30, 1849, ^y Chillicothe Pres., and ordained Aug. 
 21, '50, by the same; pastor of Tranquillity, Adams Co., O., 
 Aug., 1850-Ap., '56; was Prof, of Mathematics in Monmouth 
 College 1856-62; published the JVes/ern United Presbyterian 
 for several years in Monmouth ; was Chaplain of the Ninth 
 Illinois Infantry in the civil war, Aug., 1863-Aug. ; '64, pastor 
 of Fairfield, 111., Jan. i, 1866-Dec. i, '70; of College Springs, 
 la., May 29, 1871-Aug. 30, '76; General Missionary for the 
 West i876-'7, planting mission stations and organizing 
 churches, principally in Nebraska and Kansas; pastor of Mis- 
 sion Creek and connections. Neb., since Aug. 28, 1878. 
 Publications: The Life of the Rev. David MacDill, D. D., 
 pp. 450; History of the Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, 
 pp. too; a Sermon in the Third Volume of the Associate Re- 
 formed Pulpit; An Address Before the Students of Theology 
 at Monmouth. 
 
 MORRISON, William, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1748 in Scotland, and came to America when 
 a young man to obtain an education for the ministry. Prince- 
 ton College was soon afterward closed because of the war of 
 the revolution, and he was compelled to finish his course under 
 private teachers. He studied theology with Dr. Robert An- 
 nan; was licensed in 1782 by the Asso. Pres. of New York, 
 and ordained Feb. 12, '83, by the Third Asso. Ref. Pres. ; 
 was pastor of Londonderry, N. H., from his ordination till 
 his death. He identified himself during his whole ministry 
 with the Londonderry Pres. through all its changes. He was 
 a man greatly beloved. The people of his charge defrayed 
 all the expenses of his funeral, and erected a monument with 
 the following inscription, which tells their estimate of his 
 worth: "In memory of the Rev. William Morrison, D. D., 
 32 
 
5o6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 for thirty-five years the beloved pastor of this church. From 
 nature he inherited an energetic and capacious mind, with a 
 heart of tender sensibility; from grace, all the virtues which 
 adorn the man and the Christian. As a divine, a preacher 
 and a pastor, he held acknowledged eminence. "With apos- 
 tolic simplicity and genuine eloquence he preached Jesus 
 Christ and Him crucified. He died in sweet peace and ani- 
 mated hope Mar. 9, 1818, aged seventy. When this monu- 
 ment, erected by his mourning flock, shall have gone to 
 decay, his dear memory will still remain, for the righteous 
 shall be in everlasting remembrance." 
 MORROW, David (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Oct. i, 1823, in Guernsey Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Miami University in 1852, and studied theology at Oxford; 
 was licensed May 11, 1854, by Michigan Pres., and ordained 
 June 20, '57, by the same; was installed pastor at Murray 
 June 20, 1857, and at Warren, Ind., Nov. 15, 1857; resigned 
 both in 1863; S. S. of Roseville, Cal. i873-'6. 
 MORROW, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 21, 1799, in Westmoreland co.. Pa.; was 
 educated at Miami University, and studied theology privately; 
 was licensed in May, 1837, by the Reformed Dissenting Pres., 
 and ordained, sine titiilo^ Jan. 2, 1840, by First Ohio (A. R.); 
 was pastor of Washington and Hopewell, Southern Illinois, 
 i849-'6i, performed general missionary work, and retired to 
 Tildin, Illinois, where he died Oct. 27, 1884. 
 MORROW, James Hutchison: 
 
 Was born in Rural Valley, Armstrong Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1868, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Dec. 13, 1870, by Conemaugh Pres., and 
 ordained July 2, '72, by Detroit; pastor at Yorkville, Wis., 
 June 15, 1874-June 18, '80; Wahoo, Neb. Dec. 5, 1882- 
 
 MORROW, Jeremiah (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of Governor Morrow ; was born in Warren Co. , O. ; 
 was graduated at Miami in 1831, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 30, 1834, by First Ohio, and or- 
 dained Ap. 21, '35, by the same; was pastor of Fairhaven, 
 Preble Co., O., Ap. 1835-June, '42; died at Chillicothe July 
 26, 1843, ^'^ consumption. 
 
THE MINSITRY. 507 
 
 MORROW, John: 
 
 Was born in March, 1840, in county Tyrone, Ireland, and 
 reared in Allegheny City; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1870, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Feb. 
 27, 1872, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained Sept. 30, '73, by 
 Chartiers; pastor of Taylortown, Washington Co., Pa., from 
 ordination till June 12, 1883; left the Church June 29, 1886, 
 because of change in doctrinal views. 
 
 MORROW, Joseph Armstrong: 
 
 Brother of David; was born Oct. 27, 1832, in Guernsey 
 Co., O. ; was graduated at Miami in 1858, and studied the- 
 ology at Monmouth and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 26, 
 i860, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ Oct. 16, 
 '62, by Chicago; spent eight years in the western missionary 
 field; pastor of New Jefferson and New Market, Harrison Co., 
 O., Sept., 1870-April 20, '85; Greenwood and Kingsville, 
 Mo., May 22, 1886- 
 
 MORROW, Orville Sumner: 
 
 Was born May 5, 1853, ^^ Martinsburgh, Knox Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Lincoln College, Mo., in 1875, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed May 6, 1879, by West Mis- 
 souri Pres., and ordained Mar. 30, '81, by the same; pastor of 
 Dexter and Adair, la., June 15, i88i-Ap. 15, '84; Oskaloosa, 
 la., since 1885. 
 
 MORROW, Samuel Frame, D. D., (A.): 
 
 Was born Jan. 29, 1819, near Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 South Hanover in 1836, and spent several years teaching; 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 25, 1845, 
 by Miami Pres., and ordained July 8, '46, by Albany; was 
 pastor in Albany, N. Y., July 8, 1846-July, '86. Publica- 
 tions: A History of the Associate Ch., of Albany; The In- 
 spiration of the Scriptures, a Sermon before the Albany Bible 
 Society, 1876. 
 
 MORROW, Thomas Gillespie: 
 
 Was born Sept. 13, 1844, in Rural Valley, Armstrong Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1865, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia and Monmouth; was licensed Dec. 26, 1867, 
 by Monmouth Pres., and ordained Ap. 14, '69, by the same; 
 
5o8 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 pastor of Henderson, 111., Ap. 1869-Feb. 6, '72; of Wenona, 
 111., Oct. 12, 1872-Ap. 12, '81; Paxton, 111., Oct. 25, 1881- 
 
 MORROW, William: 
 
 Brother to David; was born Aug. 5, 1834, in Guernsey Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Antrim College, O. , and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 16, 1861, by Muskin- 
 gum Pres., and ordained July 14, '63, by the same; was pas- 
 tor of Salem 111., i865-'7; was Superintendent of public 
 schools at Chenoa, 111., four years, and at Piper City for two 
 years; was S. S. at Piper City, Ford Co., Ill,, 1877-82; in 
 Ap. 1882 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is pastor at Bloom, 
 111. 
 MULLIGAN, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received Oct. 21, 1819, by the Asso. Ref Pres. of New 
 York as a probationer from the Pres. of Down, Ireland, and 
 was ordained, sine titiilo^ in June, '21, by the same. He went 
 with his Presbytery into the union of 1822, devoted himself 
 to the work of education, and was long known as an eminent 
 teacher in New York city. 
 
 MUNFORD, Andrew Robert: 
 
 Was born Oct. 8, 1849, near Sparta, Randolph Co., 111.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1876, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 6, 1880, by Southern Illinois Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 12, '82, by Des Moines; pastor of Aller- 
 ton and Jefferson, Wayne Co., la., June 2, 1882-Oct. 19, '86; 
 Unity, la., Nov. 16, 1886- 
 MURCH, Chauncey: 
 
 Son of the Rev. James C. ; was born Jan. i, 1856, at W. 
 Alexander, Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Muskin- 
 gum in 1876, and studied theology at Xenia and Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 18, 1882, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 7, '82, by Wabash; pastor of Salem, Boone Co., Ind., 
 Oct., 1882-Aug. 22, '83; sailed for the foreign field in Oct., 
 1883, and is located at Luxor, in Egypt. 
 
 MURCH, Frank Bell: 
 
 Son of Rev. James C. ; was born June 6, i860, at New Con- 
 cord, O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1882, and studied 
 theolog}' at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, i^ 
 
THE MINISTRY. 509 
 
 by Allegheny Pres., and ordained Jan, 11, 1887, by Delaware; 
 pastor of Stamford, N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 MURCH, James C. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 20, 1820, at Sandgate, Vt. ; was graduated 
 at the Dennison University, Granville, O., in 1846, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 29, 1850, 
 by Chartiers Pres,, and ordained Nov. 7, '51, by Southern In- 
 diana; was pastor of West Alexander, Pa., Sept. 5, i853-'9; 
 New Concord, O., Feb., 1860-Feb,, '76; of Scotch Ridge, 
 Wood Co., O., Jan, 15, 1879, until his death, May 27, 1879. 
 
 MURDOCH, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about 181 3 at Barnamoghery, county Down, Ire- 
 land; received his collegiate and theological education at Bel- 
 fast; was for a short time pastor at Dromara, and then sus- 
 pended for drunkenness; came to America and was restored 
 to the ministry in Jan., 1856, by the Pres, of New York. He 
 preached for some time in the vacancies, and then returned 
 to his old vice, was again suspended from the ministry, and 
 died from and under the effects of strong drink. 
 
 MURPHY, D, : 
 
 Was received in Ap., i860, from the Presbyterian Ch. (N. 
 S,) by the Pres. of Detroit. He labored more or less in the 
 active duties of the ministry within the bounds of the Presby- 
 tery until 1870, when he passed from the church. 
 
 MURRAY, Alexander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1776 in Guinston, York Co., Pa.; was edu- 
 cated at Jefferson, and studied theology with Dr. Anderson. 
 He was licensed in Oct., 1809, by Chartiers Pres., and or- 
 dained July 10, 'it, by Ohio; was pastor of Mountville and 
 Slippery Rock, Butler Co., Pa., from his ordination until his 
 death, June 15, 1846, from diabetes. During these thirty- 
 five years he was prevented but five Sabbaths from perform- 
 ing his ministerial duties. He was faithful, laborious and 
 amicable. 
 
 MURRAY, Alexander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 3, 1801, near Rochester, N. Y, ; was aca- 
 demically educated, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed in Aug., 1842, by Allegheny Pres,, and ordained 
 
5IO THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Sept. 20, '43, by Chartiers; was pastor of Ohio congregation, 
 Beaver Co., Pa., 1843-Ap. 18, '54; of Black Creek, Sullivan 
 Co., Ind., 1 854-' 6; of Oakland, Venango Co., and Kerr's 
 Ridge, Crawford Co., Pa., June i, 1858, until his death. He 
 was somewhat indisposed when Synod, at Allegheny City, 
 adjourned on Wednesday, and he reached Freeport, where he 
 rapidly sank and died on the next Sabbath, the 8th of Oct., 
 i860. 
 
 MURRAY, George Reed: 
 
 Great-grandson of the Rev. John Murray; was born June 
 25, 1845, i^ Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated at West- 
 minster in 187 1, and studied theology at Newburgh and 
 Princeton; was licensed Ap. 7, 1874, by First New York 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 11, '76, by Des Moines; was pastor 
 at Centreville, Appanoose Co., la., 1876-Sept. 24, '79; at 
 Fairview, Saline Co., Neb., since Oct. 18, il 
 
 MURRAY, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1748 at Lockerbie, in the Valley of the 
 Annan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where his father, the Rev. 
 George Murray, was pastor of an Associate (Anti-burgher) 
 congregation; he was graduated at Glasgow University, and 
 studied theology in the Associate Hall at Alloa; was licensed 
 in the summer of 1773 by the Presbytery of Sanquehar; on 
 the 2d of the following Sept. was appointed to go to America, 
 and before the month was out, sailed from Glasgow as the 
 companion of William Logan. He was ordained, sine titulo^ 
 Ap. 17, 1776, by the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania; was pastor 
 of Marsh Creek, Adams Co., Pa., Nov. 2, 1777, until his 
 death, which occurred in the summer of 1785. His only son, 
 George Murray, was for many years a leading elder in the 
 Chartiers congregation in Washington Co., Pa. 
 
 MUSH AT, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Washington Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at 
 Union in 1807, and studied theology with Dr. Anderson at 
 Service; was licensed Sept. 20, 1809, by Cambridge Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 18, '11, by the same; was pastor of Virgin 
 Springs, N. C. , i8i2-'25. A pulmonary attack compelled 
 him for a time to give up the active duties of the ministry. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 5 II 
 
 and in 1827 ^^ became a justice of the peace, joined the Free 
 Masons, and finally became a licensed lawyer. The Presby- 
 ter}' dealt with him several times, and finally in 1831 deposed 
 him from the ministry for his "connection with the Masonic 
 Society," for his "contempt of the judicatories of the 
 church," and for "his desertion of the holy ministry." He 
 became decidedly skeptical in his religious belief. 
 
 MUSTARD, David French: 
 
 Was born Dec. 25, 1842, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Dec. 26, 1871, by Monongahela 
 Pres. , and ordained Oct. 8, '72, by Frankfort; pastor of New 
 Bethlehem, Pa., 1872-Jan. 12, '75; of Mount Ayr, la., June 
 6, 1875-Ap. 4, ''']']\ at Sunbeam, 111., Nov. 13, 1877-Dec. 15, 
 '84; Connellsville, Pa., June 9, 1885-July i, '86; Walton, 
 Kan., since Mar., 1887. 
 
 MYERS, James Alexander: 
 
 Was born Ap. 13, 1829, in Mecklenburgh Co., N. C. ; was 
 graduated at Erskine College, S. C, in 1857, and studied 
 theology at Due West, S. C. ; was licensed in 1859, by 2d 
 Pres. of the Asso. Ref. Synod of the South, and ordained in 
 1864, by the same; after two or three pastorates in this Synod 
 joined the United Presbyterian Church in March, 1886, and 
 is S. S. of Union, in Lincoln Co., Tenn. 
 
 NASH, John Holuday, (A.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 25, 1830, in Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Washington in 1849, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed in June, 1853, ^ly the Asso. Pres. of Monmouth, 
 and ordained Oct. 10, '57, by the same; pastor at Le Claire, 
 la., Oct., 1857-Ap., '60; at Sunbeam, 111., Jan. i, i86i-Oct., 
 '76; at Knoxville, la., Ap., 1877-Oct., '78; East Union and 
 Pleasant Hill, O., Aug. 21, 1883- 
 NEIL, John(A. R.):* 
 
 Was born in 1804 in county Antrim, Ireland, and brought 
 in his childhood by his parents to this country, and was reared 
 in Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Washington in 
 1834, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 14, 1836, by the Monongahela Pres., and ordained Aug. 4, 
 
512 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 '38, by the Lake; was installed in 1838 as pastor of Mt. Jack- 
 son, Centre and Mahoning; was released from Mahoning in 
 1843, ^"^ from Centre in '57, and from Mt. Jackson in Mar. 
 i860, and died in this last place July 27, 1862, from paral- 
 ysis. 
 
 NEIL, William*: 
 
 Was born about 1800 in Ireland; was educated at Franklin 
 and studied theology with the Rev. Alexander McCoy of 
 W. Va. ; was licensed May 13, 1829, ^Y ^^^^ Reformed Dis- 
 senting Pres., and ordained Ap. 19, '31, by the same; ac- 
 cepted a call Oct. 18, 1831, from Three Ridges, Short Creek, 
 Forks of Wheeling and Miller's Run, in Washington Co., Pa., 
 and West Va. ; was for a number of years pastor, after which 
 he joined the Reformed Pres. Ch., and then the Associate 
 Pres. of Chartiers on the 5th of Sept., 1849; retired soon 
 afterward from the active duties of the ministry, and died 
 about i860-' 5. He was a man of most excellent mind and 
 theological culture, but very unattractive as a speaker. He 
 was the theological preceptor of Dr. Davidson and others. 
 
 NELSON, John Anderson*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 16, 1842, at New Concord, O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1867, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Mar. 30, 1869, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 9, '72, by Westmoreland; was pastor at Mt. Pleasant and 
 Madison, in Westmoreland Pres., Ap. 1872-July 31, '75; S. 
 S. at Topeka, Kan., 1876-7; pastor at Lawrence, Kan., Oct. 
 9, 1877-Ap. 2, '84; of Mumford, N. Y., May, 1884, till his 
 death, Nov. 8, 1884. 
 
 NESBIT, Archibald (A.): 
 
 Was born, educated, licensed and ordained in Scotland. 
 On coming to this country he joined the Associate Pres., of 
 New York, of the Stark and Blair connection, and in 1852 
 was received therefrom by the Asso. Ref. Pres. , of Spring- 
 field; was S. S. for a year at Yellow Springs, Greene Co., O. ; 
 and pastor in Chicago, 111., i854-'7, when he and a majority 
 of the congregation seceded from the church. He subse- 
 quently returned to Scotland and joined the Kirk. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 513 
 
 NESBIT, Robert Bryson*: 
 
 Was born June 21, 1850, at Cedarville, Greene Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1871, and studied theology at 
 Xenia and Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 9, 1874, by First 
 New York, and ordained Oct. 13, '75, by Bloomington; was 
 pastor at Low Point, Woodford Co., 111., Oct., 1875-Sept. 15, 
 '80; died of typhoid fever Oct. 14, i88t, at Cedarville, O. 
 
 NESBIT, William |(A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1794 or 1795 in eastern Pennsylvania; was 
 graduated at Washington in 1816, and studied theology in 
 New York under Dr. Mason; was licensed Aug. 8, 1820, by 
 Big Spring Pres., and ordained Jan, 2, '23, at Stamford, N. 
 Y. , by Saratoga Pres. , and installed a few days afterward as 
 pastor of Seneca congregation, Ontario Co., N. Y. He fell 
 into intemperate habits, and was suspended from ministerial 
 duties in 1831 by the Caledonia Pres. On the 8th of Nov., 
 1832, his pastoral relation was dissolved at his own request, 
 and at the same time he was restored to the ministry. He 
 continued to supply his old congregation until the early part 
 of 1834, when he was again suspended for drunkenness, but 
 he appealed to the Synod of New York, which met in New- 
 burgh on the 29th of Aug. , and his appeal was sustained by 
 a majority of tzvo^ and he was restored. On his return he left 
 the stage-coach at Geneva, within six miles of his home, and 
 while awaiting the means of transportation died suddenly and 
 alone in the hotel. 
 
 NEVIN, Joseph C. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 6, 1835, in Washington Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1854, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Dec. 29, 1858, by Monongahela Pres. ; was ap- 
 pointed by the First General Assembly at its meeting in 
 Xenia as missionary to China, and was ordained accordingly 
 Sept. 30, 1859, by Monongahela, and sailed on the 17th of 
 Dec, and arrived at Canton, China, on the nth of June, i860. 
 He located in Canton and labored there until Oct., 1877, 
 when the mission was abandoned and he was sent to labor 
 among the Chinese at Los Angeles, Cal. , which is his present 
 field. 
 
514 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 NEVIN, William Gustavus: 
 
 Was born May 28, 1848, in Hopewell township, Beaver Co., 
 Pa. ; was educated at Westminster, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed in May, 1871, by Lake Pres., and or- 
 dained June 5, '72, by Butler; was pastor at Parker City, Arm- 
 strong Co., June, 1872-Ap, 15, '73; New Lisbon, Columbiana 
 Co., O., Nov. 3, 1873-Aug. 30, '75; S. S. at McDonald, 
 Washington Co., Pa., 1876-7; joined the Presbyterian Ch., 
 and is pastor at Sharon, Pa. 
 
 NIBLOCK, Isaiah, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1794 in county Monaghan, Ireland; was grad- 
 uated at Glasgow, and studied theology in the Secession Hall 
 in Glasgow with Dr. John Dick; was licensed by the Burgher 
 Pres. of Monaghan in 1817; came to the U. S. in 1818, and was 
 ordained Nov. 17, '19, by the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Mononga- 
 hela; was pastor of Butler (with White Oak Springs till 1836), 
 Pa., Nov. 17, 1819, till his death June 29, 1864, from decay 
 of vital powers. Publication: A Fast Day Sermon in 1832, 
 because of the cholera. 
 
 NIBLOCK, John Howard: 
 
 Son of Dr. Isaiah; was born in Butler, Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in i860, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 27, 1864, by Butler Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 12, '65, by Wisconsin; was pastor at Oshkosh, Wis., 
 Oct., 1865-Mar., '77; pastor of Second Ch., Cedar Rapids, la., 
 June 15, i88o-Ap. i, '87. Was also Prof of Natural Sciences 
 in the Collegiate Institute of Cedar Rapids. 
 
 NICHOL, Alvin Mitchell*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 13, 1846, near Fairview, Belmont Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1871, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny and Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 15, 1873, by 
 Rock Island Pres., and, being appointed to the foreign field, 
 was ordained Mar. 24, '74, by the same. He sailed A p. 18, 
 1874, for Egypt, and labored in that country, principally at 
 Mansurah, until failure of health compelled him to return in 
 1885; died July 20, 1887. 
 
 NICOLL, David: 
 
 Was born Feb. 22, 1841, in Andes, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 515 
 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1867, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth; was licensed June 18, 1868, by Delaware Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 17, '69, by he Claire; was pastor of De 
 Witt (and Elvira, until June 12, '72), Clinton Co., la., from 
 ordination till Aug. 27, '84; S. S. Battle Creek, la., 1885. 
 NIVEN, Duncan Campbell (A. R.): 
 
 Was bom Feb. 18, 1829, ^^ Bloomingburg, Sullivan Co., 
 N. Y. ; was academically educated and studied law. After 
 practicing law a number of years he studied theology privately 
 with the Rev. Dr. James Harper and James Thompson in 
 New York city, and was licensed in Mar., 1859, by the Asso. 
 Pres. of New York, and ordained in June of the same year by 
 the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Saratoga; was pastor of Andes, Dela- 
 ware Co., N. Y., June, 1859-Dec. i, '61; joined the Presby- 
 terian Ch., and is at Highland, N. Y. 
 NORWOOD, David (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received Ap. 21, 1824, ^Y ^^^ Pres. of Monongahela as 
 a probationer from the United Secession Pres. of Armagh, 
 Ireland; was ordained in Ap., 1826, by Monongahela; was 
 pastor of Mahoning, Mt. Jackson and Slippery Rock, Ap., 
 1826-Oct. 16, '33. In June, 1838, he left the church. 
 OBURN, William (A.): 
 
 Studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in 1846 by 
 Muskingum Pres., and ordained, si;ie titulo^ Aug. 10, 1847, 
 by the same. He labored in the missionary field, particularly 
 in Illinois and Iowa; declined going into the union of 1858, 
 and continued on laboring under the care of the residuary 
 Synod. He retired from the active duties of the ministry and 
 resides at Galion, O. 
 OLDHAM, Moses McQuarter (A.)*: 
 
 Was born at Cambridge, O., Aug. 27, 1817; was educated 
 at Franklin, and studied theology with the Rev. Elijah Mc- 
 Coy; was licensed in May, 1844, by the Ref Dis. Pres., and 
 ordained Dec, '47, by the same; was pastor of Salt Fork 
 1847-Oct., '52; united with the Associate Synod and came 
 into the union of 1858. His health was long infirm, and for 
 many years he was not actively engaged in the ministry. He 
 resided at Springfield, O., but died Oct. 27, 1883, at New Or- 
 leans, La. 
 
5l6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 OLIVER, Andrew (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 31, 1762, in Roxburghshire, Scotland, and 
 attended a classical school in the north of England: at four- 
 teen he united with the church, and in 1786 married Eliza- 
 beth Ormiston and came to this country, and after living two 
 years at Saco, Me,, came to Londonderry, N. H., where he 
 was induced by the Rev. William Morrison to study under 
 his direction for the ministry. He was licensed in 1792 by 
 the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Londonderry, and ordained by the 
 same in '93; was pastor of the Asso. Ref Ch. at Pelham, 
 Mass. , for ten years, before the termination of which the Lon- 
 donderry Pres. had become detached from the Asso. Ref Ch. , 
 and was in a state of independency previous to its union with 
 the Presbyterian Ch. in 1809. In 1804 he visited New York 
 and was^received as a member by the Asso. Pres. of Cambridge, 
 and for a few months took appointments from it, but soon 
 afterwards returned to Massachusetts. In 1806 he visited 
 Springfield, Otsego Co. , N, Y. , and organized a congregation 
 in connection with the Presbyterian Ch. Here he remained 
 as pastor until 1827 or 1828, when an unhappy division arose, 
 caused by persons who did not relish his Calvinistic doctrines. 
 He then joined the Saratoga Pres. of the Asso. Ref. Ch., and 
 organized another congregation under its auspices, and min- 
 istered to it as pastor until his death, on the 24th of Mar., 
 1833, K^ was a man very much beloved, and often moved 
 his hearers to tears. 
 
 OLIVER, Robert W., D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was the son of an Irish officer in the British army, and was 
 bom in Scotland, but reared by his widowed mother in Ire- 
 land, where he received a fair academic education. When not 
 over eighteen and while an ensign in the ist Royal Regiment, 
 he was sent out by the government as school teacher in the 
 barracks at Quebec for the benefit of the soldiers' families. 
 He was soon transferred to the barracks at Montreal, and 
 while there aided in the famous escape of Maria Monk from 
 one of the nunneries of that city; was in active service and 
 severely wounded during the Canadian Rebellion; resigned 
 his government situation and came to Pittsburgh ; was gradu- 
 ated at the Western University, and studied theology at AUe- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 517 
 
 gheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 1843, ^Y IMonongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 26, '44, by the Lake; pastor of Bear Creek, 
 Lawrenceburg and Mt. Vernon 1844-Ang. 20, '45; of Bethel, 
 Beulah and Mahoning, Nov. 10, 1846-Aug. 9, '53; of Second 
 Asso. Ref. (now Fourth United Presbyterian), Philadelphia, 
 Nov. 13, 1853-Aug. 29, '54. He then joined the Episcopal 
 Ch., and after holding several parishes became Theological 
 Professor in the Diocesan Institute of Nebraska, Nebraska 
 City, and is now in Omaha. 
 ORMOND, Benjamin Kelso, (A. R.): 
 
 Brother of Dr. George K. ; was born in Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Washington in 1852, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 11, 1855, by Mononga- 
 hela Pres., and ordained Sept. 9, '58, by Lawrence; pastor at 
 Sharon, Mercer Co., Pa., Sept., 1858-Dec. 28, '80; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch., in 1881, and is in Toledo, O. 
 
 ORMOND, George Kelso, D. D., (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Washington Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Union 
 in 1848, and studied theology at Newburgh and Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 27, 1850, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 13, '52, by the same; was pastor of Birmingham, 
 near Pittsburgh, Ap., 1852-June 22, '58; of Youngstown and 
 Warren, Mahoning Co., O., Sept. 3, i86i-Feb. i, '70; of 
 Mansfield, Allegheny Co., Pa., Dec. 27, 1870-Dec. 30, '73; 
 of Temperanceville, near Pittsburgh, April 21, 1874-Sept. 
 25, '83, joined the Presbyterian Ch, 
 
 ORMOND, Marcus*: 
 
 Brother of Dr. George K. ; was born about 1830 in Wash- 
 ington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Frankin in 1855, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1858, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained Aug. 22, '59, by Allegheny; 
 pastor of Hookstown and Tumblinson Run, Beaver Co., Pa., 
 Aug., 1 859-' 67; Oxford, O., 1867-Oct. 12, '71; West Alexan- 
 der, Washington Co., Pa., June 11, 1872-Oct. 12, '76; in the 
 civil war he entered the army as a private, rose to be captain, 
 and was then made chaplain. Died suddenly, Nov. 25, 1881. 
 
 ORR, Alexander Henderson: 
 
 Was born Sept. 24, 1846, near Evansburg, Butler Co., Pa.; 
 
5l8 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1869, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1874, by Chartiers Pres. , and 
 ordained Sept. 7, '75, by Frankfort; pastor at New Bethle- 
 hem, Beaver Co., Pa., from ordination until Sept. 21, '80; 
 Huntsville, O., Jan. 17, 1882- 
 
 ORR, James Murdoch*: 
 
 Grandson of the Rev. Alex. Porter; was born Mar. 31, 
 1838, near Fairhaven, Preble Co., O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami in 1859, ^^^ studied theology at Allegheny; was li- 
 censed Ap. I, 1862, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained Mar. 
 TO, '64, by Argyle; pastor of East Greenwich, Washington 
 Co., N. Y., from ordination till death, Ap. 18, 1865. 
 OSBORNE, Joseph (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1813 near Stewartsville, Westmoreland Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at the Western University in 1832, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1835, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained Ap. 26, '36, by the same; 
 was installed at ordination pastor of Turtle Creek and Bethel, 
 in Westmoreland Co. ; was released from the Bethel branch in 
 '47, and died Oct. 31, 1851. 
 OTTERSON, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 11, 1791, in New York city; was educated 
 at Columbia College, and studied theology in New York 
 under Dr. Mason; was licensed in 1820 by the Pres, of New 
 York, and ordained Sept. 12, '21, by Saratoga; was pastor at 
 Broadalbin, Fulton Co., N. Y., 182 1-' 27; joined the Ref. 
 Dutch Ch., and was pastor of Oyster Bay and Hempstead 
 1827-34; at Freehold, N. J., 1835-8; at Rockaway, N. J., 
 i84o-'5; entered the Presbyterian Ch. and was pastor at 
 Johnstown, N. Y., 1845-52; joined the Asso. Ref. Ch. again, 
 Oct. 7, 1853, and supplied principally in the Boston Pres. 
 until the autumn of '55, when he returned to the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and was for some years pastor of Wilmington, Del., and 
 died Sept. 17, 1867. A man of very considerable power. 
 
 OWENS, William Steele, D. D. : 
 
 Was born July 25, 1842, in Clough, county Down, Ireland; 
 served nine months in the army; was graduated at Westmin- 
 ster in 1866, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 
THE MINISTRY. 519 
 
 Ap. 21, 1868, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained May 18, 
 '69, by Philadelphia; was pastor of the North Ch., Philadel- 
 phia, 1869-Aug. 15, '71; at Indiana, Pa., Nov. 10, 1871-June 
 26, '-]-]; at Steubenville, O., Sept. 21, i877-'86; Sec. of Board 
 of Domestic Missions since 1885. 
 
 PALMER, James D. : 
 
 Was born in 1848, at Cambridge, O. ; was graduated at 
 Muskingum in 1871, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Xenia; was licensed May 12, 1874, by Muskingum Pres., and 
 ordained Aug. 23, '76, by the same; pastor at Barlow, Wash- 
 ington Co., O., Aug. 23, 1876-Ap. 15, '84; Alexis, 111., Dec. 
 30, '84. 
 PARK, Robert Henry: 
 
 Was born Dec. 22, 1849, near Letterkenny, county Done- 
 gal, Ireland; was educated at the National Normal School, 
 and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Mar. 28, 1878, by 
 Xenia Pres., and ordained Oct. 29, '78, by the same; pastor 
 at Reynoldsburg, O., Oct. 29, 1878-Aug. 26, '84; West Union 
 and Pine Creek, Allegheny Co., Pa., May 12, 1885- 
 
 PARK, Thomas: 
 
 Was born Ap. 16, 1845, in Scotland; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1876, and studied theology at Newburgh; was 
 licensed Ap. 17, 1877, by Cedar Rapids, and ordained May 
 14, '78, by Delaware; has been pastor at De L,anoey, Dela- 
 ware Co., N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 PARKS, Hugh (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 28, 1808, in Belmont Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1826, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed May 26, 1830, by Second Ohio, and ordained Ap. 26, 
 '32, by the same; was installed pastor of Yellow Creek and St. 
 Clairsville, O., Ap., 1832, and in Ap., '37, resigned Yellow 
 Creek and accepted Moorefield. In 1840 he resigned St. 
 Clairsville and in '56 Moorefield; pastor of Buchanan Hill 
 1856-61; supplied for a few years as health permitted, and 
 then resided without charge at St. Clairsville, O., until his 
 death, Jan. 6, 1882. 
 PATTERSON, David J. : 
 
 Was born Oct. 19, 1811, near Pointpass, county Armagh, 
 
520 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Ireland, and was brought by his parents in 1818 to Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. ; was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania 
 in 1835, and studied theology in the Ref. Pres. Sem. in Phil- 
 adelphia; was tutor under Dr. S. W. Crawford in the Univer- 
 sity Academy 1836-46; was licensed in the spring of 1846, by 
 the Philadelphia Pres. (Ref. Pres.), and ordained in Ap., 48, 
 by the Northern Pres. (Ref. Pres.); and installed over the ist 
 Ref. Presbyterian Ch. of Brooklyn, N. Y., which he had 
 gathered during the previous three months. In July, 1858, he 
 joined the United Presbyterian Ch., and some 60 of his mem- 
 bers insisted upon doing the same, and were organized Sept. 
 8, 1858, as the 2d United Presbyterian Ch. of Brooklyn, and 
 in Feb., 1859, ^^ "^^^ installed as its pastor, and has so con- 
 tinued. 
 PATTERSON, James, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born July 15, 1812, in Pittsburgh, Pa., was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1830, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed July 2, 1834, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Sept. 
 13, '37, by Ohio; was pastor at Scroggsfield and Yellow Creek, 
 O., Sept., i837-'54; was Pres. of Westminster College 1854- 
 '66; Pres. of "Ohio Central College." at Iberia, for one year; 
 pastor of Living Lake, near Washington, la., from 1868 until 
 his death, Sept. 23, 1872. 
 
 PATTERSON, John (A.): 
 
 Was born June i, 1822, in Ireland; was graduated at Frank- 
 lin in 1852, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 in June, 1854, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained July 5, '55, 
 by the same; was pastor at Londonerry, O., July, 1855-Ap. '67; 
 at Peter's Creek, Washington Co., Pa., Sept. 16, 1867-Ap. 30, 
 '72; was installed Aug. 25, '74, as pastor of Mountville and 
 Camp Run, Lawrence Co. ; resigned the latter Ap. 10, '79, and 
 the former Ap. 11, '82; of Oakland for one-half time Oct. 27, 
 1881. At Cadiz in Feb., 1858, he and the Rev. J. S. ]\Ic- 
 Cready engaged in a four days' discussion with two Univer- 
 salist ministers upon the question: "Do the Scriptures Teach 
 the Ultimate Holiness and Salvation of all Mankind?" 
 
 PATTERSON, John Fulton, M. D.*: 
 
 Was born JMay 27, 1842, in Logan Co., O. ; was academically 
 
THE MINISTRY. 521 
 
 educated, and graduated in the medical department of Penn- 
 sylvania University in 1865; was ordained a ruling elder in 
 Oxford, Pa., in 1866; studied theology at Xenia and Prince- 
 ton; was appointed in Mar., 1872, as missionary at Damascus, 
 in Syria, in view of which he was licensed Ap. 16, '72, by 
 Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Sept. 26 following, by the 
 same. He returned from Syria in 1877, on account of his 
 health, and resided in Xenia, O., until his death. Mar. 23, 
 1882. 
 
 PATTERSON, Matthew Brown: 
 
 Was born Nov. 11, 1855, in P'ayette Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminister in 1882, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 15, 1885, by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 5, '87, by Butler; pastor of Harlansburg and Slippery 
 Rock, Lawrence and Butler counties. Pa., since ordination. 
 
 PATTERSON, Matthew McKinstry: 
 
 Was born Dec. 3, 1845, ^^ Elizabeth, Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1870, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed June 17, 1874, by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained 
 June 15, '75, by the same; pastor of Puckety and Allegheny 
 June 15, 1875-Dec. 18, '83; Wilkinsburg, Pa., Mar. 18, 1884- 
 
 PATTERSON, Phiup D. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 3, 1849, ^^^^ Etna, Fairfield Co., O. ; was 
 educated at Monmouth and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 17, 1877, 
 by Muskingum Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ Feb. 15, '78, 
 by Wisconsin; pastor at Concordia, Kan., Dec. 3, 1879-Oct. 
 II, '82. 
 
 PATTERSON, Richard Miller: 
 
 Was born May 15, 1832, near Noblestown, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1857, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, i860, by Butler Pres., and ordained Nov. 
 II, '61, by the same; installed at ordination over Brownsdale 
 and Union; resigned the former in Oct., '64, and the latter in 
 Sept., '67; pastor at Troy and Southfield, in Mich., Oct. 15, 
 1868-N0V. 29, '70; of Peter's Creek, Washington Co., Pa., 
 Feb. 6, 1873-Ap. 12, '82; was Superintendent of the Freed- 
 men's School, at Knoxville, Tenn., i866-'7. 
 
522 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 PATTERSON, Samuel (A. R.): 
 
 Was born June i8, 1819, in county Derry, Ireland; was 
 graduated at Duquesne College in 1845, ^^^*^ studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 1848, by Monongahela 
 Pres. , and ordained Sept. 25, 1849, ^Y ^^^^ same; installed at 
 ordination over Rocky Spring, Beaver Co., Pa., and East 
 Palestine, O. ; demitted the latter in 1855, and still pastor ot 
 the former. 
 PATTERSON, Thomas Proudfit: 
 
 Was born Ap. i, 1832, at New Concord, O. ; was graduated 
 at Madison, Antrim, O., in 1859, and studied theology at Al- 
 legheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 1862, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 28, '64, by Monmouth; was pastor of 
 Spring Grove, III., Oct., 1864-Dec. 26, '68; Laurel Hill, 
 Westmoreland Pres., June 21, 1870-Sept. 4, '77; pastor of 
 Bethel and connections, in Conemaugh Pres., since June 5, 
 1879. 
 PATTISON, Alexander (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 14, 1806, in Harrison Co., O. ; was educated 
 at Antrim Academy, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed June 15, 1842, by Second Ohio Pres., and ordained, 
 sine titiilo^ June 19, '44, by the same; was pastor of New Lon- 
 don and Middletown, in Iowa, Jan., i850-'6o; both before 
 and after this pastorate he labored in the missionary field and 
 organized seventeen congregations in Iowa. He is now in- 
 firm, and resides in Birmingham, la. 
 
 PATTISON, John*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 27, 1840, near Sparta, 111. ; spent his youth 
 mainly in Oregon, and served one year in the army; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1869, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth and Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 28, 1872, by 
 Monmouth Pres., and ordained June 20, ''^']^ by Des Moines; 
 pastor of Adams, la., June, 1877-June 25, '79; Albia and Ser- 
 vice, la., Oct. 18, i88o-Ap. 15, '84; Coin, la., Sept. 22, 1884, 
 till death, Jan. 30, 1887. 
 
 PATTON, Andrew (A.)*: 
 
 Was received Oct. 28, 1774, in the city of New York, by 
 the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania, as a probationer for the min- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 523 
 
 istry, upon credentials from the Pres. of Moira, in Ireland, 
 and supplied the churches in Orange Co., N. Y., during the 
 winter, and in Adams and Cumberland counties. Pa., during 
 the summer of 1775, and in New York, Schenectady and 
 Cambridge the following winter. On the 3d of May, '76, he 
 was ordained, sine iitulo^ at Guinston, York Co., Pa., by the 
 Pres. of Pennsylvania. The Pres. on the 20th of May, '76, 
 resolved to divide, and Mr. Patton was assigned to the new 
 Pres. of New York. On the 7th of May, '''^^^ he was received 
 back by the Pres. of Pennsylvania and sent to supply in Vir- 
 ginia and the Carolinas. On the i6th of Ap., '78, he was 
 prudentially and temporarily suspended from the ministry. 
 Having neglected repeated citations to return and clear his 
 character, the Pres., Ap. 4, 1781, deposed him from the min- 
 istry and excommunicated him with the higher sentence of 
 excommunication, because "he has finally apostatized from 
 his profession and fallen into open profanity," etc. He be- 
 came excessively and shamefully wicked. 
 
 PATTON, George, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 24, 1828, in Ireland, and brought to Phila- 
 delphia when only two years old; was graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania in 1852, and studied theology at New- 
 burgh; was licensed in May, 1855, by Philadelphia Pres., and 
 ordained in June, '56, by Caledonia; was pastor at Seneca, 
 Ontario Co., N. Y., i856-'7i, and has been pastor of the 
 Third Presbyterian Ch., Rochester, N. Y., since 1871. In 
 Mar., 1859, he joined the Presbyterian Ch. 
 
 PATTON, Robert Braden: 
 
 Was born Sept. 13, 1854, near Cadiz, O. ; was graduated at 
 Wooster University in 1881, and studied theology at Prince- 
 ton, with a post-graduate course in the University of Berlin, 
 Germany; was licensed Jan. 15, 1884, by Philadelphia Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 17, '86, by Muskingum; pastor at Jona- 
 than's Creek, Perry Co., O., Aug. 17, 1886-Sept. 6, '87; Co- 
 lumbus, O., S. S. since Oct., '87. 
 PATTON, Samuee(A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1830 near New Athens, O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1849, ^'^^ studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 
524 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 licensed Oct. 21, '52, by Muskingum Pres. , and ordained 
 Dec. 16, '53, by the same; was pastor at Cadiz, O. , Dec, 
 1853-July 12, '54; was installed Dec. 29, 1854, in Detroit, 
 Mich., and died while on a visit at his father's house, Nov., 
 15, 1857, of pneumonia. 
 
 PATTON, William W. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1820 at Cedar Springs, Abbeville District, 
 S. C. ; was graduated at Miami University in 1842, and 
 studied theology at Due West, S. C. ; was licensed by the 
 Second Pres. of the Carolinas, and ordained by the Pres. of 
 Georgia; joined the United Presbyterian Ch. Ap. 10, 1849; 
 received a call, and was about settling in St. Louis, when he 
 was attacked with cholera and died in Sept., 1849. 
 
 PAUL, David, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 22, 1827, i^^ Belmont Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Muskingum in 1850, and studied theology at Oxford one 
 winter; was Prof, of Languages for a year at "Geneva Hall," 
 Northwood, Logan Co. , O. , during which time he continued 
 the study of theology with the Ref. Presbyterian students 
 under their Prof., the Rev. J. B. Johnston, D. D., and then 
 spent one winter at Allegheny; was licensed June 9, 1852, by 
 Springfield Pres., and ordained Dec. 13, '53, by Mononga- 
 hela; was pastor at Canonsburg Dec, 1853-Dec 25, '55; re- 
 ceived a call, and was acting pastor of Mansfield, O., although 
 never formally installed, Ap., 1857-65; was Pres. of Mus- 
 kingum College 1865-June, '79, during which time he was 
 pastor of Norwich Aug. 19, 1869-Jan. 28, '72; of East Union 
 June 10, 1872-June II, '76; pastor of New Concord since 
 Sept. 19, '76, and since his resignation of the Presidency of 
 the College has given all his time to pastoral duties; dele- 
 gate to the Presbyterian Council in 1880; was Moderator of 
 the Gen. Ass. in 1882. 
 
 PAXTON, William Edward: 
 
 Was born Oct. 7, 1856, at College Corner, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pa., in 1881, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 23, 1884, 
 by First Ohio Pres., and ordained Oct. 15, '85, by Mononga- 
 hela; pastor of Chartiers, Allegheny Co., Pa., since ordination. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 525 
 
 PEACOCK, James Hunter (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 28, 1816, in Stoystown, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at the Western University in 1839, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 29, 1842, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 11, '43, by Mansfield; pastor at Mt. 
 Vernon, Martinsburg, Wooster and Utica, O., June i, 1844- 
 Sept 2, 1858; Richmond and Knoxville, O., Aug. i, 1859- 
 Ap. 4, '67; Centre and Wirtemburg, Pa., Ap. 21, 1867-Sept. 
 24, ^72)\ Coulterville, 111., Oct. i, 1873, until his death, Feb. 
 I, 1875- 
 PENNY, Joseph, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received Oct. 21, 1819, by the Pres. of New York as a 
 probationer from the Pres. of Down, in Ireland; was ordained, 
 sine titido^ in June, '21, by New York. He soon joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. , and was for a number of years pastor of the 
 First Presbyterian Ch. of Rochester, N. Y., and then pastor 
 of the Congregational Ch. in Northampton, Mass. 
 PERKINS, Wiluam: 
 
 Was received in May, 1861, by the First Pres. of Ohio from 
 the Free Presbyterian Ch. ; was for two years chaplain of the 
 107th Reg. of Illinois volunteers. In the spring of 1864, 
 while the Pres. was taking preliminary steps to investigate 
 certain charges preferred against him, he notified them that 
 he had united with the Congregational Association of South- 
 ern Illinois. They sent the history of the case to that Asso- 
 ciation, and struck his name from the roll. 
 
 PETTIGREW, Joseph: 
 
 Was born Feb. 3, 1836, in county Down, Ireland; was ed- 
 ucated privately, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 16, 1883, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 30, '84, by Frankfort; pastor at Patterson's Mills, Beaver 
 Co., Pa., Ap. 30, 1884-Oct. 12, '86; N. English and Fair 
 view, la.. May, 1887- 
 
 PHILLIPS, William Wirt, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 23, 1796, in Florida, Montgomery Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1813, and studied theology 
 three years in New York under Dr. Mason and a fourth year 
 in New Brunswick; was licensed in the spring of 1816 by the 
 
526 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Dutch Classis of New Brunswick, and ordained in Ap., '18, by 
 the Asso. Ref. Pres. of New York; was pastor of Pearl St. Asso. 
 Ref. congregation of New York, Ap., i8i8-'23; went into 
 the Presbyterian Ch. at the union of 1822, and was pastor of 
 the First Presbyterian Ch., then in Wall St., now at Fifth 
 Avenue and 12th St., New York, from 1823 until his death, 
 Mar. 20, 1865, of enteritis. 
 PINKERTON, Benjamin Frankun: 
 
 Was born June 30, 1838, near Fayetteville, Lincoln Co., 
 Tenn. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1862, and studied 
 theology at Monmouth; was licensed in June, 1862, by Bloom- 
 ington Pres., and ordained in Aug., '63, by the same; pastor 
 at Berlin, 111., Aug., 1863-Aug. , '64; was missionary in Har- 
 lem, N. Y., Sept., 1864-June, '65; as missionary to Egypt, 
 sailed Sept. 30, 1865. In '69 he became a convert to Ply- 
 mouthism, and abjured the faith of the United Presbyterian 
 Ch., and was dismissed from the mission. Pie returned to 
 the U. S. and labored in the Western States to promote the 
 interests of his new faith, and then returned to Egypt and 
 tried to indoctrinate the Protestant communities of that coun- 
 try and Syria with the peculiarities of his religious system, 
 and did considerable mischief. 
 PINKERTON, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born and educated within the bounds of the First 
 Pres. of Ohio,, and by it licensed in Jan., 1823, and ordained 
 in Aug., '24. He died in Oct., 1824. 
 PINKERTON, John Pressly (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 7, 1820, near Fairhaven, O. ; was educated 
 at Miami, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 26, 1844, by the Illinois Pres., and ordained Oct. 17, '45, 
 by the same; pastor at Peoria and Harmony, 111., 1845, until 
 his death, which occurred in Allegheny City, June 10, 1847. 
 PINKERTON, John W. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Preble Co., O. ; was graduated at Miami Uni- 
 versity in 1856, and studied theology at Oxford; was licensed 
 Ap. 9, 1857, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained Aug. 3, '58, 
 by Second Illinois; pastor at Smithville, Peoria Co., 111., 
 i858-'62; joined Lake Pres. in Sept., '62, and supplied three 
 
THE MINISTRY. 527 
 
 or four years within its bounds; joined the Presb5'terian Ch., 
 in 1866, and died Feb. 12, 1875, in lola, Kan. 
 POLLOCK, David H. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born near Elizabeth, Allegheny Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at the Western University in 1843, ^^^^ studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1846, by Blairsville Pres., 
 and ordained Aug. 21, '49, by the same; pastor of Laurel 
 Hill and Mt. Pleasant, Aug., 1849-Oct., '53; of Sewickly and 
 West Newton, Ap., 1854-Ap., '60; of Turtle Creek, Sept., 
 i86o-Ap., '69; at Elizabeth since Dec, '69. 
 POLLOCK, John Abraham: 
 
 Was born Oct. 6, 1850, at Hunts ville, O. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1876, and studied theology at Xenia, and New 
 College, Edinburgh, Scotland; was licensed Feb. 12, 1878, by 
 Sidney Pres., and ordained Nov. 12, '78, by Keokuk; S. S. at 
 Burlington, la., July i, i878-'8i ; pastor of Shiloh, Henry Co., 
 Ind., June 20, 1882-Ap. 27, '86. 
 POLLOCK, J. T. : 
 
 Was received Mar. 10, 1864, by Wheeling Pres., from the 
 Ref. Presbyterian Ch. (O. S.); on the 17th of Sept., 1866, re- 
 ceived a certificate of dismission at his own request. 
 POLLOCK, Matthew M. : 
 
 Brother of David H. ; was born Oct. 17, 1842, near Eliza- 
 beth, Allegheny Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1864, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 
 1867, by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained by Wheeling 
 Sept. 19, ''']']\ was Superintendent of the Freedmen's Mission 
 at Memphis, Tenn., and S. S. at Jefferson and Mifflin, Alle- 
 gheny Co. , Pa. ; pastor of Brownsville and Pleasant Ridge, 
 Monroe Co., O., Sept. 19, 1877-Sept. j8, '83; Fairview, la., 
 Oct. I, 1886- 
 
 POLLOCK, Robert Hamill, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 15, 1817, in Ligonier Valley, Westmore- 
 land Co., Pa. ; was educated at Franklin, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1845, t>y Allegheny 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 22, '46, by Northern Indiana. In 
 going to the meeting of Pres. he was taken ill, and was com- 
 pelled to go to bed. Without requiring him to deliver his 
 
528 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 trials, the Pres. came to his sick room and ordained him 
 there; pastor at Pittsburgh, Ind., Oct., 1 846-' 50; organized 
 and supplied a mission church in Cincinnati in i850-'65, dur- 
 ing which time he started and conducted the Presbyterian 
 Witness ; was pastor at Wooster, O., 1865-Jan., '76; at Mt. 
 Vernon, Ap. 17, 1876, until his death, which occurred very 
 suddenly on the evening of the 20th of July, 1877. ^^ ^^^^ 
 attended a temperance meeting in the Baptist Ch., where he 
 had spoken twice; when it was over he mounted his horse, 
 and before he arrived at his home he was seen, in the clear 
 moonlight, by a gentleman and lady sitting at the door of their 
 dwelling, to sway back and forth on his horse, then lean for- 
 ward and fall easily to the ground. They immediately went 
 to him and found him dead. Publications: The Saviour's 
 Claim, a small book for the young, published by the United 
 Presbyterian Board of Publication; Examination of the The- 
 ory of Visible Disci pleship; and a large number of fugitive 
 and newspaper publications. 
 POLLOCK, Thomas Harris: 
 
 Was born Oct. i, 1825, "^^^ Spruce Creek, Huntingdon 
 Co., Pa. ; was educated academicall}^, studied law and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in Lancaster Co., Pa., in Feb., 1862. Re- 
 moved in 1863 to Philadelphia, attended the Ref Pres. (N. S.), 
 Seminary for the term of 1866 and '67, and the next two terms 
 at the Newburgh Sem. ; was licensed Ap. 4, 1869, by Phila- 
 delphia Pres., and ordained May 17, '71, by Second New 
 York; was pastor in Jersey City, N. J., May, 1871-June 6, 
 '76; accepted a call in Ap., 1878, to Amity and Avondale in 
 Mansfield Pres., but before installation he withdrew his ac- 
 ceptance, and entered the missionary field of the northv/est. 
 POLLOCK, William Alexander (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 10, 1825, ^^ Cedarville, Greene Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1852, and studied theology at 
 Oxford; was licensed in Ap., 1857, by First Ohio Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 17, '58, by First Illinois; was pastor at 
 Chester, 111., Nov., 1858-June, '61; was Principal of Rich- 
 land Academy, Ind., i86i-'5; installed over Vinton and Pratt 
 Creek, la., in Nov., 1865; released from the former in June, 
 '66, and from the latter Mar. 21, '72; pastor at Andrew and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 529 
 
 Bethel, la., June 29, 1877-Feb. 4, '79; was S. S. at Mission 
 Creek, Neb., 1875-6; dismissed to the Presbyterian Ch., Oct. 
 4, 1881. 
 
 POLLOCK, William C. (A.)*: 
 
 Was graduated in 1823 at Jefferson, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Ap. 18, 1833, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained May 27, '35, by Ohio; pastor of Harmony and 
 Unity, in Butler Co., Pa., May, 1835-May 4, '52. In Oct., 
 1852, he joined the Asso. Ref. Ch., remained in Butler Co. 
 supplying >Scotch Hill and other j)laces until i860, when he 
 removed to Sangamon Co. , 111. , where he resided (having been 
 long on the infirm list), until his death in 187- 
 
 PORTER, Alexander (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1770, in Abbeville District, S. C, just west of 
 Parson's Mountain; was educated at Dickinson, and studied 
 theology with Dr. Nesbit, of Carlisle, Pa. , and the Rev. John 
 Jamieson, of Hannahstown, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 licensed Ap. 5, 1796, by Second Pres. of Pennsylvania, and 
 ordained Ap. 2, '98, by the Carolinas; was installed pastor of 
 Cedar Springs and Long Cane, Abbeville District, S. C. , at 
 ordination; in the autumn of 1803 he resigned Long Cane, 
 and in Sept. '13, he also demitted Cedar Springs because of 
 feebleness of health. In 1814 he concluded to seek a change 
 of climate, and followed some of his people and some families 
 from Hopewell to Preble Co., O., where he was soon joined 
 by others. He became the pastor of the congregation ot 
 Hopewell in Preble Co., and continued to be until Sept., 1833, 
 when he resigned because of the infirmities of age. He 
 preached occasionally for a year longer, as his health would 
 permit, and died Mar. 29, 1836. Mr. Porter was a man of 
 great worth and influence, was a preacher of much simplicity 
 and yet of great power, and as a pastor was unexcelled. He 
 built up in his new home a large congregation, which, after 
 his death, divided into three, and he was instrumental in 
 leading a large number of young men into the ministry. 
 
 Just before his death he took leave of his family. Begin- 
 ning with his wife, he called them to his bedside one by one 
 according to their age, and gave them his last advice, and took 
 
530 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 a solemn, though as he hoped, not an eternal farewell. An 
 old and intimate friend came in at this time, and he said: 
 "John, I have this morning been looking to see what Stephen 
 saw, but have not seen it yet; but I hope I shall this day." 
 Exhausted by the effort, he began to sink into the arms of 
 death, when he suddenly turned his head towards his friend 
 and exclaimed with much animation, "John, all things are 
 yours, whether Paul or Apollos, or Cephas, or the world, or 
 life, or death, or things present, or things to come; all are 
 yours, and ye are Chirst's, and Christ is God's," and died. 
 PORTER, Byron (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 24, 1824, i" Bridgewater, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Washington in 1845, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed June 26, 1849, ^Y Ohio Pres., 
 and ordained, sme titulo^ Aug. 12, '50, by the same; was pas- 
 tor of Unity, Randolph Co., 111., June, 1851-Ap., '56; was 
 installed in July, 1856; pastor of Shelocta, Elderton and 
 Crete, Indiana Co., Pa.; was released from Crete in '59, and 
 retained the other two until his death, Nov. 28, 1876. 
 
 PORTER, James C. (A. R.)* : 
 
 Son of the Rev. Alexander; was born at Cedar Springs, 
 Abbeville District, S. C, Dec. 6, 1809; was graduated at Jef- 
 ferson in 1830, and studied theology with his father and at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 30, 1834, by First Ohio Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 21, '35, by the same; was pastor at Piqua, 
 O., Ap., 1835-May 19, '40; installed over Cedar Creek and 
 Pope Creek, Mercer Co., 111., in Oct., '41; resigned the latter 
 in '50 and the former in spring of '63. He was confined to 
 his bed for fourteen months, during three of which he was 
 speechless, and died at Little York, 111., Nov. 15, 1863, of a 
 gradual decay of vital powers. He was one of the founders of 
 Monmouth College. 
 
 POTTER, Cyrus K. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born near Noblestown, Pa. ; was graduated at Wash- 
 ington in 1850, and studied theology at Allegheny; was li- 
 censed May 31, 1853, by Steubenville Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 3, '57, by Second Illinois; accepted in '57 a call from 
 White Oak Grove, but returned it to Pres. before installation. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 53 1 
 
 He soon afterward joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is now 
 witliont charge at Stnart, la. 
 
 PRESSLY, Harvey M. : 
 
 Was born Sept. 19, 1845, i^ Randolph Co., 111.; was edu- 
 cated at Monmouth, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 6, 1877, by Southern Illinois, and ordained Aug. 
 6, '78, by the same; pastor at Oakdale, Washington Co., 111., 
 Aug. 6, 1878-Jan. 25, '86; Ottawa, Kan., June 15, 1886- 
 
 PRESSLY, John Newton (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 20, 1813, in Hopewell, Preble Co., O. ; was 
 educated at Miami University, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny and Due West, S. C. ; was licensed by the Second Pres, 
 of the Carolinas, and ordained June 27, '38, by Indiana; was 
 pastor of Bethesda, Shiloh and Richland, Rush Co., Ind., 
 June 27, 1838-Ap. 15, '51; at Lafayette, Ind., June, i85i-'6; 
 S. S. at Indianola, la., 1857-8; pastor of Albia and Service, 
 Monroe Co., Nov., i858-'62; S. S. at Grandview and Harri- 
 son, until his death, Aug. 22, 1866. 
 
 PRESSLY, John Taylor, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 28, 1795, in Abbeville District, S. C. ; was 
 graduated at Transylvania University, Ky., in 1812, and 
 studied theology in New York under Dr. J. M, Mason; was 
 licensed in the spring of '15 by the Second Pres. of the Caro- 
 linas, and ordained July 3, '16, by the same; was pastor at 
 Cedar Springs, S. C, July, 1816-Nov., '31; was Prof, of The- 
 ology in the Synod of the South, i825-'3i; was elected Prof, 
 of Theology by the Synod of the West Oct. 10, 183 1, and com- 
 menced his career as such in the Allegheny Seminary on the 
 5th of Jan. following; was installed pastor of the First Ch. of 
 Allegheny City, Aug. 23, 1833, and continued as professor and 
 pastor until his death, Aug. 13, 1870. He was the Modera- 
 tor at the organization of the United Presbyterian Ch. in 
 1858. In person he was large and dignified, and possessed 
 unusual health and strength of body. He was systematic in 
 all things, and particularly in his plans of study, and being a 
 hard and laborious student he performed for a great portion 
 of his life the work of two men, and for several years that of 
 three, for he established and edited for some time the Preacher^ 
 
532 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 now known as the Utiited Presbyterian. As a preacher he 
 was simple, clear, earnest and Scriptural, and particularly ex- 
 celled in expository lecturing. As a Professor of Theology 
 he had few, if any, superiors. He was a master in every de- 
 partment of the course of study, and made his instructions so 
 clear that only the veriest dullard could fail to understand 
 him, and with his students he was oracular. Publications: 
 Baptism; Psalmody; Church Fellowship, each in a small vol- 
 ume; The Grace of Christ, a Sermon in the Associate Re- 
 formed Pulpit, Vol. I; a large number of Introductory Lec- 
 tures and fugitive pieces. 
 
 PRESSLY, Joseph Herst, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of Dr. John T. ; was born Ap. 20, 1817, in Abbeville 
 District, S. C. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1838, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1841, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained Aug. 20, '45, by Lake; was 
 pastor in Erie, Pa., from his ordination until his death. He 
 died Nov. 3, 1874. 
 
 PRESSLY, Mason Wylie: 
 
 Was born July 24, 1859, at Coddle Creek, Cabarrus Co., 
 N. C. ; was graduated at Erskine College, S. C, in 1879, and 
 studied theology at Due West, S. C, and a post-graduate year 
 at Princeton; was licensed in Ap. , 1881, by the ist Pres. of 
 the Asso. Ref. Synod of the South, and ordained Nov. 25, 
 '82, by the same; pastor in Chester, S. C, Nov. 25, 1882- 
 Mar., '86; joined the United Presbyterian Ch., and pastor of 
 the North Ch., Philadelphia, since May, 1886, 
 
 PRESTLEY, James, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 23, 1815, in county Down, Ireland, and 
 brought in July, 1819, by his parents to Pittsburgh, Pa., where 
 he was reared; was graduated at the Western University in 
 1833, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 27, 1836, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained May 25, '' 2)^.^ 
 by the same; was pastor of Raccoon and Hanover, Beaver 
 Co., May, 1837-Sept. 8, '40; pastor in Cincinnati, O., au- 
 tumn, 1842-Dec., '54; Franklin St., New York, spring, 1855- 
 Sept, '58; Second Ch., Pittsburgh, Dec, 1858-Dec., '66; 
 was Stated Clerk of General Synod of the Asso. Ref. Ch. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 533 
 
 1843-58, and of the General Assembly of the United Presby- 
 terian Ch. 1859-63. He published and edited the Uiiited 
 Presbyterian^ a monthly magazine, printed in Cincinnati 
 i847-'53, seven volumes; also the Pulpit of the Associate Re- 
 forfued CJnirch^ a monthly magazine containing sermons by 
 Asso. Ref. ministers, i850-'4, five volumes. Because of do- 
 mestic difficulties he was suspended from the ministry Nov. 
 15, 1866, and allowed himself to be divorced by his wife. 
 Marrying again, his previous wife still living, he was deposed 
 from the ministry and excommunicated from the church Ap. 
 13, 1869. He was subsequently restored by Presbytery to the 
 private membership of the church, and pending an appeal he 
 got a certificate from a United Presbyterian session, and was 
 received by the "Christian Union," a congregational organi- 
 zation in Ohio, and restored to the ministry and preached 
 under its auspices as occasion offered, while he retained his 
 home at Mansfield Valley, near Pittsburgh, where he died 
 Ap. I, 1885. Publications: In addition to his editorial work 
 he wrote the Biographical Sketches of Joseph Kerr, D. D., 
 and his son Joseph R. Kerr, which are published in Sprague's 
 Annals. 
 PRESTLEY, WiLUAM Hazlett (A. R.): 
 
 Brother of Dr. James; was born in Pittsburgh, Pa.; was 
 graduated at Miami in 1852, and studied theology at Oxford; 
 was licensed in 1854, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained, sine 
 titulo^ June 12, '55, by Big Spring; pastor at Chillicothe, O., 
 Nov., 1856- Feb., '75. In 1869 he and the congregation 
 united with the Presbyterian Ch. ; was pastor of Tuscola, 111., 
 and of Decatur, 111. 
 PRICE, James (A.): 
 
 Was born Oct. 12, 1827, near Hillsborough, county Down, 
 Ireland; was graduated at Franklin in 185 1, and studied the- 
 ology at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 3, 1854, by Chartiers 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 4, '56, by Philadelphia; pastor of 
 the present Seventh Ch., Philadelphia, Sept., 1856-July 7, 
 '73; Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 25, 1874-Dec. 24, ^']']\ of 127th 
 St. Ch., New York, Ap. 23, 1878-Nov. 6, '80; organized the 
 1 2th Ch., Philadelphia, Ap., 1882; S. S. till May 19, '84, and 
 pastor ever since. Publications: The Sabbath-school, a Ser- 
 
534 '^HE MINISTRY. 
 
 moil, pp. i6, 1859; Pastoral Letter on Non-attendance on 
 Comiiinnion Services, 1864; The Vineyard^ a monthly tract 
 periodical, Jan., 1868-June, 1868; The Irish Presbyterian 
 Church, an historical pamphlet, 1870; A Biographical Sketch 
 of the Rev. H. H. Blair, pp. 37, 1877; Revivals of Religion, 
 Tract No. 15 of the United Presbyterian Board of Publica- 
 tion, pp. 48, 1880; numerous sermons and articles in the Re- 
 pository^ etc. 
 
 PRINGLE, Francis (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1747 in Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire, Scotland; was 
 educated in the grammar school of his native place, and 
 studied theology with the younger INIoncriefif at Alloa; was 
 licensed in 1778 by the Asso. Pres. of Kirkcaldy, and ordained 
 by the Asso. Pres. of Belfast on the 25th of Aug., 1772; was 
 pastor of the Asso. congregation of Gilnahirk, near Belfast, 
 in Ireland, including his previous supplying, 1768-autumn of 
 '98. Some of the young men of his charge had taken the 
 "United Irishmen's Oath," and became implicated in the 
 rebellion, and as he was strongly loyal, trouble ensued, and 
 he resigned, returned to Scotland and accepted from his 
 Synod a mission to Nova Scotia. He landed in New York 
 Sept. 26, 1799, and being unable to get a vessel for Nova 
 Scotia, because of the yellow fever in the city, remained and 
 preached for the Asso. congregation of New York until the 
 next spring, and then on the 29th of Ap., 1800, was received 
 to membership by the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania. He was 
 pastor at Carlisle, Pa., Aug. 27, 1802-May 14, '32. Pie was 
 Stated Clerk of the Associate Synod from its organization in 
 1801 until 1827, when, having attained the age of eighty 
 years, he deemed it time to resign. After giving up his pas- 
 toral charge in '32, he retired to the house of his oldest son, 
 who, after graduation in the University of Edinburgh, had 
 come to this country and been for many years in the employ- 
 m.ent of the Bank of New York. Still he could and would 
 preach, and supplied some of the churches in Washington 
 Co., N. Y. In the spring of '33 he visited Newark, N. J., 
 where he preached and spent the Sabbath at the house of a 
 a friend. As he v^^as dressing himself next morning his foot 
 caught in a fold of the carpet, in consequence of which he 
 
the; ministry. 535 
 
 fell and fractured his thigh near the hip-joint. He was car- 
 ried to his son's home on a litter, and in a few months the 
 fractnred limb became dropsical, and his health gradually de- 
 clined until the 2d of Nov., 1833, when he died in great peace. 
 
 He was a remarkable textuary. You might recite any pas- 
 sage of the Bible, and he could at once give the book, chapter 
 and verse; or if you should mention the place, he could quote 
 the passage. As might be expected, he was eminently a 
 Scriptural preacher, and he had rare gifts for teaching or re- 
 proving the old or young, both in public and in private. He 
 was in "afflictions oft," and always bore them with a patient 
 and submissive spirit. He had thirteen children, all of whom 
 except two died before their parents. His third son, a man 
 of superior abilities and a graduate of Dickinson College, be- 
 came partially deranged and was drowned during his father's 
 absence. The news of this heart-rending event reached the 
 father just as he was about to enter the pulpit on Sabbath 
 morning. With ready submission to the will of God, and 
 with the most calm self control, he went through all the pub- 
 lic services of the day, and yet for many years afterward he 
 could not allude to the subject without manifest emotion. 
 
 A casual visitor was present in the family when a letter was 
 received announcing the sudden death of his son James, a 
 pastor in North Carolina. Neither parent betrayed any vio- 
 lent emotion. In a calm voice Mr. Pi ingle said to his wife: 
 ' ' Peggy, James never cost us a tear until now. ' The Lord 
 gave and the Lord hath taken away; blessed be the name of 
 the Lord. ' Let us retire and pray that we may obtain strength 
 to bear with Christian fortitude our terrible bereavement." 
 He was respected, even revered, by Christians of other de- 
 nominations, who loved to make him many and valuable 
 presents. Even "those without " regarded him with rever- 
 ence. Two men were working on the turnpike near Carlisle 
 when he once passed on foot. The one said to the other, 
 "There goes Mr. Pringle, he looks thinner than usual." 
 "Yes," replied the other, "but he is all in Heaven excepting 
 what you see of him." Notwithstanding his affability and 
 benevolence, he was firm and even stern when right and 
 wrong were involved, and he was often original in the man- 
 
536 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ner of his reproofs. Some of his rural parishioners, unused 
 to sedentary habits, would occasionally fall asleep during the 
 sermon. He would let them enjoy their nap until he thought 
 they were sufficiently refreshed, then, without a pause in his 
 discourse, he would bring down his Psalm Book upon the big 
 Bible which always lay shut, with such force as to produce a 
 tremendous crack that was sure to " murder sleep." Publi- 
 cations: The Qualifications and Duties of the Ministers of 
 Christ, a Sermon preached before the Synod of Ireland in 
 1796; Prayer for the. Prosperity of Ziou, a Sermon. 
 PRINGLE, Francis, Jr. (A.)*: 
 
 Son of Rev. Francis; was born near Belfast, in Ireland, 
 about 1789; was graduated at Dickinson in 1808, and studied 
 theology with Dr. Anderson at Service; was licensed Oct. i, 
 1812, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Nov. 29, '14, by 
 Chartiers; was pastor at Xenia and Sugar Creek, O., from his 
 ordination until his death, which occurred Mar. 15, 1818, from 
 consumption, while on a visit to his brother James, in North 
 Carolina. 
 
 PRINGLE, James (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Francis; was born in 1788 near Belfast, Ire- 
 land ; was graduated at Dickinson in 1808, and studied theology 
 with Dr. Anderson at Service; was licensed Oct. i, 1812, by 
 the Philadelphia Pres, , and ordained Ap. 8, ' 14, by the Pres. 
 of the Carolinas; was pastor of Steel Creek and connections, 
 in N. C, from his ordination until his death. He died from 
 lung fever on the 28th of Oct., 1818, in the same bed in which 
 his younger brother Francis had died the previous March. 
 They were very much attached to each other, had been class- 
 mates in College and Seminary, were licensed at the same 
 time, were buried in the same grave and lie beneath the same 
 monument. The}' were both young men of superior intellect 
 and high culture, and James was particularly distinguished 
 for great originality, a vivid imagination and ardent feelings. 
 
 PRINGLE, James V. : 
 
 Was born Sept. 9, 1845, i^^ Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Denison University, O., and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed May 13, 1863, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained 
 
THE MINISTRY. 537 
 
 May II, '65, by Mansfield; was pastor of Utica and Mt. Ver- 
 non, O., May, 1865-Dec., '67; of Pana, 111., Ap. 13, 1869- 
 Feb. 20, ''']']^ and at Clayton, 111., Aug. 27, 1879-Ap. 6, '87; 
 Clarinda, la., since Sept., 1887. Publication: Heliodorus' 
 Mission to the Temple, a poem pp. 10, i860. 
 
 PRINGLE, William (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1790, in Perth, Scotland; his father, the Rev. 
 Alex. Pringle, D. D., was for more than sixty years the senior 
 minister of the Asso. congregation of Perth, and his mother 
 was a Moncriefif of Culfargie. He was graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Edinburgh, and studied medicine, and as soon as 
 admitted to practice emigrated to Canada. He soon after- 
 ward changed his mind, returned home, and studied theology 
 with Dr. Dick at Glasgow; was licensed Ap. 15, 1823, by the 
 Pres. of Perth; came to the U. S. in the autumn of 1827; was 
 ordained June 29, '30, by Cambridge Pres. ; pastor in Ryegate, 
 Caledonia Co., Vt, June, 1830-June 21, '52. He spent the 
 last few years of his life upon a work called " The Cosrnogra- 
 phy of Scripture^'''' which was almost finished. He was schol- 
 arly and a good writer, but his delivery was unattractive from 
 a mouthing of his words. He died suddenly on the morning 
 of Dec. 14, 1855, from organic disease of the heart, while sit- 
 ting at the breakfast table. 
 
 PROCTOR, Francis Mitchell (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 6, 1830, at Lexington, Richland Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1856, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1857, by Mansfield Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 9, '58, by Caledonia; pastor at Cuylerville, 
 Livingston Co., N. Y., Nov., 1858-Feb., '66, since which 
 time he has not been physically able to engage in the work of 
 the ministry, and resides at Mansfield, O. 
 
 PROUDFIT, Alexander, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. James; was born at Pequea, Pa., in Nov., 
 1769. He was graduated at Columbia College, N. Y., in 
 1792, and studied theology with his father and Dr. J. H. 
 Livingston of the Dutch Ch. ; was licensed Oct. 7, 1794, by 
 the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Washington, and by the same ordained 
 and installed May 13, '95, as the assistant and successor of 
 34 
 
538 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 his father in Salem, N. Y. He was one year, 1820, assistant 
 Prof, in the Theo. Sem. in New York. On the 8th of Oct., 
 1835, he resigned the charge of Salem, and accepted the Sec- 
 retaryship of the New York Colonization Society, which he 
 resigned in the autumn of 1842. He died of catarrhal fever 
 at New Brunswick, N. J., Ap. 17, 1843. He possessed an 
 excellent and well-cultured mind, was an earest and instruc- 
 tive preacher, and a laborious and skillful pastor. His 
 .marked characteristics were consistent piety and benevolent 
 activity. 
 
 The following is a list of his publications: 
 The Gospel Designed for all Nations, a Missionary Ser- 
 mon, 1798 
 
 An Act on the Kingly Authority of our Lord Jesus 
 Christ, prepared by order of the Associate Reformed 
 
 Synod, 1798 
 
 The Spiritual Steward, a Synodic Sermon, 1802 
 
 The One Thing Needful, six Sermons, 1804 
 
 The Female Laborer in the Gospel, 1805 
 
 The Barren Fig Tree, and the Healing Balm, two Ser- 
 mons, 1806 
 
 The Ruin and Recovery of Man, Sixteen Sermons, . . 1806 
 Our Danger and Duty, two Fast-Day Sermons, .... 1808 
 Ministerial Labor and Support, preached at the Inaugu- 
 ration of Dr. H, Davis, as President of Middleburg 
 
 College, 1810 
 
 Life and Immortality Brought to Light in the Gospel, . 1815 
 Tidings of Great Joy for All People, a Bible Society 
 
 Sermon, 1816 
 
 The Extent of the Missionary Field, 1817 
 
 Personal Sobriety, 1820 
 
 Ministerial Duty and Encouragement, 1820 
 
 Lectures on the Parables, 1820 
 
 The Duties of the Watchman, a Synodic Sermon, . . , 1822 
 
 An Address in Reference to the Jews, 1825 
 
 An Address before the American Tract Society, .... 1825 
 
 An Address to Colored Emigrants, 1836 
 
 In addition to these he wrote nine or ten tracts which were 
 printed and circulated by a female tract society in his congre- 
 gation before the American Tract Society was organized. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 539 
 
 PROUDFIT, David (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in York Co., Pa., Mar. 23, 1770; received his 
 literary training at Dobbin's Classical School, Gettysburg, 
 Pa. ; studied theology with the Rev. John Jamieson, and was 
 licensed Ap. 5, 1795, by the Second Pres. of Pennsylvania; 
 was ordained and installed by the same Nov. 14, '98, over 
 Laurel Hill, including Dunlap's Creek, i8oi-'i2, and East 
 Liberty i8i2-'i6; was transferred to Crooked Creek, Muskin- 
 gum Co., O., Ap. 21, 1824, where he died June 11, 1830. 
 PROUDFIT, David Law (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of Dr. Robert; was born in 1811 at Broadalbin, Ful- 
 ton Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1831, and studied 
 theology in Newburgh; was licensed by the Pres. of New 
 York in the spring of 1835, and ordained, sine titulo^ by the 
 same, in Sept., '36. He organized an Asso. Ref congrega- 
 tion in Buffalo, N. Y. and served it for a short time, when 
 he contracted a cold, which seriously and permanently 
 affected his vocal organs. In 1838 he was appointed Prof ot 
 Biblical Literature in the Seminar}^ at Newburgh, but offici- 
 ated only two years, when he went into the book publishing 
 business, and died in Newburgh, Dec. 11, 1847, from bron- 
 chial consumption. 
 
 PROUDFIT, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born near Perth, in Scotland, in the year 1732; was 
 graduated at one of the universities, and studied theology 
 with Alexander Moncrieff, of Abernethy ; was licensed in 1753 
 by the Pres. of Perth, and in July, '54, was ordained by the 
 same in view of going as a missionary to America. He 
 landed in Boston in Sept. of the same year, and proceeded 
 without delay to join Mr. Gellatly in eastern Pennsylvania. 
 For four years he performed itinerant missionary work, and 
 was then installed as pastor in Pequea, Lancaster Co., Pa. 
 He went into the union of 1782, which formed the Asso. Ref. 
 Ch. ; and in the autumn of '83 was transferred to Salem, N, 
 Y,, where he died from paralysis, Oct. 22, 1802. He was dis- 
 tinguished for the gravity of his deportment, and for his pru- 
 dence and wisdom in everything. His familiarity with the 
 Scriptures was such that he could give the chapter and verse 
 of any passage repeated. His religious experience was so 
 
540 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 deep and his religious knowledge so thorough and minute, 
 
 that when he had sunk back to the imbecility of childhood 
 
 in relation to every other subject, he could still bear his part 
 
 in religious conversation with the same apparent relish and 
 
 almost with the same degree of intelligence as in his better 
 
 days. 
 
 PROUDFIT, John Williams, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of Dr. Alexander; was born in Salem, N. Y., Sept. 22, 
 1803; was graduated at Union in 1821, and studied theology 
 with his father and at Princeton; was licensed by the Asso. 
 Ref Pres. of Washington Ap. 13, 1825, and ordained, sine 
 titulo^ by the same, Nov. 4th of the same year; was transferred 
 Sept. I, 1827, to the Presbyterian Ch., to take charge of a 
 congregation at Newburyport, Mass.; in 1833 became Prof of 
 Languages in the University of New York, and filled the 
 same Professorship in Rutgers College from 1840 to 1859, a.nd 
 died Mar. 9, 1870, at New Brunswick, N. J. 
 
 PROUDFIT, Leonard: 
 
 Was born Feb. 22, 1833, near Geneva, N. Y. ; was gradu- 
 ated at the Michigan University in 1859, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Allegheny; was licensed May 2, 1866, by Lake Pres.; 
 was ordained Oct. 18, '68, by Des Moines, and installed pas- 
 tor of Corydon and Promise City, in Wayne Co., la. ; resigned 
 Promise City in '72, and became pastor of Jefferson for part 
 time; resigned both Corydon and Jefferson July i, '81; pastor 
 of Orchard, and S. S. of Plainview, Neb., 1884- 
 
 PROUDFIT, Robert, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Hopewell, York Co., Pa., June 6, 1777; was 
 graduated at Dickinson in 1798; studied theology with his 
 cousin, Dr. Alex. Proudfit, in Salem, N. Y. ; was licensed by 
 the Pres. of Washington Ap. 20, 1802, and ordained by the 
 same, and installed Ap. 18, '04, in Broadalbin, Fulton Co., 
 N. Y. ; resigned in Oct., 1818, and became Prof of Languages 
 in Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., and so remained as 
 active or emeritus professor until his death, Feb. 11, i860. 
 
 PROUDFIT, Thomas Patterson: 
 
 Grandson of the Rev. David; was born Mar, 3, 1835, near 
 New Concord, O. ; was graduated at Madison College in 1859, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 541 
 
 and studied theology in Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 
 1862, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained by the same July 
 14, '63, as a missionary in the home field of Nebraska; was 
 pastor of Bethel, Peoria Co., 111., June, 1868-May, '71, and of 
 Union, Randolph Co., 111., Ap. 24, 1872- Ap. 3, '83; Taylors- 
 town, Washington Co., Pa., Oct. 2, 1884-. Was Teacher of 
 Latin and Greek in the Sparta High School i873-'76. Pub- 
 lications: Christ's Willingness to Save Sinners, A Sermon, 
 1868. 
 
 PURDY, James Leiper (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 17, 1821, near Clinton, Allegheny Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1850, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed June 14, 1853, ^Y Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 18, '54, by Clarion; pastor of Pine Grove, 
 Susquehanna and Clearfield, Pa., Oct., i854-'59; was installed 
 pastor of King's Creek, Jan., i860, by Frankfort Pres., and 
 also of Hanover in '67; was released from the former in Ap., 
 1880, and from the latter in Ap., 1881; died suddenly Aug. 
 10, 1885, at Florence, Pa. 
 
 QUACKENBUSH, Daniel McL., D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born in Washington Co, N. Y. ; was graduated at Co- 
 lumbia College in 1836, and studied theology at New Bruns- 
 wick; was licensed in 1839 by the Second Pres. of Cambridge, 
 and ordained in Dec, '41, by the same; was pastor of the 
 Second Hebron congregation 1841-Nov. 15, '48; joined the 
 Ref. Dutch Ch., and was pastor of Warwarsing, Fishkill 
 Landing, in Brooklyn, Hasting, and New York city. 
 RAE, Wesley Spurgeon: 
 
 Son of an officer in the British army; was born at Belfast, 
 Ireland, in Oct., 1841; was a midshipman i853-'6; educated 
 by private and government tutors, and at Queen's College, 
 Belfast, and King's College, London; was ordained in 1864, 
 by a Congregational Council; was pastor of a Congregational 
 congregation in Buckinghamshire, i864-'7o; near Montreal, 
 Can., i87o-'2; was for a time member of the Ohio Conference, 
 Methodist Episcopal Ch. ; out of the active duties of the min- 
 istry for several years; joined the United Presbyterian Ch. in 
 Sept., 1886, and pastor at Haysville, O., since July 30, 1887. 
 
542 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 RAINEY, William H. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was a native of eastern Pennsylvania; was graduated at 
 Dickinson in 1798, and studied theology privately; was 
 licensed Oct. 30, 1800, by First Pres. of Pennsylvania, and 
 ordained most probably about 1803 by the Pres. of Kentucky. 
 He spent his whole ministry in the State of Kentucky, prin- 
 cipally in Bourbon and Harrison counties; was released from 
 Hinkston, Bourbon Co., Ap. 11, 1832, and remained without 
 charge until his death, which took place a few years later. 
 
 RAITT, George P. : 
 
 Was born at Bovina, Delaware Co. , N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in i860, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed in May, '61, by Delaware Pres., and ordained July 
 17, '66, by Conemaugh; pastor of Taylorsville and connec- 
 tions, Pa., July, 1866-June, '69; was S. S. at Chariton, la., 
 several years; was installed Sept. 8, '74, overMontpelier, North 
 Branch and St. Charles, Madison Co., la.; resigned the first 
 of these in '76, the second in '80, and the last Ap. 15, '84. 
 RALSTON, Samuel Shannon, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born May 11, 1809, near Nashville, Tenn. ; was grad- 
 uated at Jackson College, Tenn. , and studied theology at Due 
 West, S. C. ; was licensed May 6, 1837, by the Second Asso, 
 Ref Pres. of the Carolinas, and ordained in June, '38, by 
 Tennessee; was pastor at Head Springs, Tenn., June, 1838- 
 Oct., '43; Mt. Zion, Mo., Oct., 1843-Nov. '60, and of Le 
 Claire Prairie, la., i86i-Feb. 8, '82. Publications: A New 
 Theory of the Apocalypse, 8vo., pp. 208, 1858; Five Argu- 
 ments for the Post-Millennial Theory of the Second Advent, 
 a Pamphlet, pp. 32, 1873. His Apocalypse was the result 01 
 fifteen years' laborious investigation. In a private letter he 
 says: "That mystic symbol, the 'four living creatures' (page 
 92-103), well nigh cost me my life. The subject took fast 
 hold of me, and could not be dismissed either by day or night. 
 For six days and nights the subject was pursued incessantly. 
 During that time I did not sleep one moment; could not 
 leave off until the results were formulated and filed for subse- 
 quent use. By that time I had become weak, had lost my 
 appetite, and my voice was almost gone. I verily thought I 
 should never sleep again, but the inquiry being gone through. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 543 
 
 God gave his beloved sleep." After twenty-two years he 
 still expressed his entire confidence in the theory, but re- 
 gretted that he allowed himself to guess as to the parts to be 
 enacted by the existing nations, and would be glad to elimi- 
 nate all such conjectures. 
 RALSTON, William D. : 
 
 Was born Aug. 9, 1835, at Slate Lick, Armstrong Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1859, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed May i, 1861, by Butler Pres., and 
 ordained Aug. 28, '63, by Le Claire; pastor of Scotch Grove, 
 Jones Co., la., Aug. 25, 1865-Ap. i, '84; Morea, Crawford 
 Co., 111., Jan. , 1887-. Publication: Restricted Communion, 
 a Tract, pp. 1876; Talks on Psalmody, i8mo., pp. 199, 1877. 
 RAMSAY, James, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 23, 1771, in Lancaster Co., Pa., of Cov- 
 enanter parents. While yet a child, the family moved to 
 Washington Co., and Mr. Ramsay made a profession of faith 
 in the Presbyterian Ch. under Dr. McMillan. At twenty-one 
 he moved to a farm near Frankfort, Beaver Co. , where, be- 
 cause of the introduction of Watts' Psalms and Hymns into 
 the Presbyterian Ch., he joined the Asso. Ch. under the min- 
 istry of Dr. John Anderson. He commenced his classical 
 studies with his pastor, and was further educated in the Can- 
 onsburg Academy, and studied theology with Dr. Anderson; 
 was licensed Dec. 14, 1803, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. 4, '05, by the same; was pastor of Chartiers congrega- 
 tion Sept. 1805-June, '49. In 1 82 1 he was chosen Prof, of 
 Theology by the Asso. Synod, and discharged the duties of 
 that office until 1842, when he resigned, having long deter- 
 mined that he would not hold that office after reaching the 
 age of seventy. He died Mar. 6, 1855, at the house of his 
 son-in-law, the Rev. Dr. W. M. McElwee. 
 
 Dr. Ramsay was tall in stature and thin, possessed a sharp 
 and shrill voice and a slow delivery; yet the richness of his 
 matter and the earnestness of his manner made him a profita- 
 ble and by no means an uninteresting preacher. As a pro- 
 fessor he performed most excellent service, and retired amidst 
 the benedictions and grateful remembrances of the whole 
 church. 
 
544 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 RAMSAY, James Paxton (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Dr. James; was born Aug. 26, 1809, near 
 Canonsbnrg, Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1827, ^"^ 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Aug. 27, 1833, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained July i, '35, by Ohio; 
 pastor of Deer Creek, Lawrence Co., Pa., July, i835-'57; was 
 prevented from further ministerial work by feeble health, and 
 died Jan. 30, 1862, at New Wilmington, Pa. 
 
 RAMSAY, John Adams: 
 
 Was born Oct. 4, 1846, near Portland Mills, Parke Co., 
 Ind. ; was graduated at the State University of Indiana in 
 1873, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 5, 
 1881, by Princeton Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ May 19, 
 '81, by the same; Missionary at Chase City and Blue Stone, 
 Va., 1881- 
 
 RAMSAY, Sample: 
 
 Was graduated at Franklin in 1853, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed in July, 1856, by Shenango 
 Pres. ; ordained in '60 by Wheeling; pastor of New Matamoras, 
 Pleasant Ridge and Brownsville, in the Pres. of Wheeling, 
 i860-' I ; East Union, O. , Aug. 19, 1862-Oct. 7, '63; joined 
 the Asso. Synod, and is now pastor of its congregations of 
 West Liberty and New Brighton, Pa. 
 
 RAMSEY, Robert George: 
 
 Was born Oct. 25, 1861, in Washington Co., 111.; was edu- 
 cated at Monmouth, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Aug. 5, 1886, by Southern Illinois, and ordained 
 June 14, '87, by Wheeling; pastor of Cadiz, O., since ordina- 
 tion. 
 
 RANDLES, Wiluam N.*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 14, 1837, at W. Hebron, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Union in 1859, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed May 6, 1862, by Argyle Pres., and or- 
 dained May 4, '64, by Albany; pastor at W. Charlton, Sara- 
 toga Co., N. Y., May, 1864-Ap. 30, '72; passed to the Ref. 
 Dutch Ch., and was pastor at Glenville, Schenectady Co., N. 
 Y., 1873, until his death, Nov. 19, 1881. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 545 
 
 RANKIN, Adam (A. R.)^ 
 
 Was licensed in 1782, and ordained in 1784, and became 
 pastor of the Mt. Zion Ch. in Lexington, Ky., and of Pisgah, 
 six miles in the country, in 1784. He was the first Presby- 
 terian pastor in Lexington, and perhaps in all that immediate 
 region. The Pres. of Transylvania under the care of the 
 Gen. Ass. of the Presbyterian Ch. was early organized in this 
 part of Kentucky. The use of Watts' Psalms and Hymns 
 was authorized, and they were supplanting the Scotch version 
 of the Psalms hitherto exclusively in use. Mr. Rankin op- 
 posed this substitution and carried it as "a question of con- 
 science" to the Gen. Ass. of 1789. Subsequently the matter 
 came into Pres. Hard things were said in Pres. and out of it 
 by both Mr. Rankin and those ministers who had introduced 
 Watts. The result was he was regularly charged before Pres. : 
 First, for saying that on some extraordinary occasions he re- 
 ceived special directions from God, through the medium of 
 dreams; and second, that he had repeatedly charged his 
 brethren who used Watts with deism and blasphemy. He 
 was found guilty and suspended. He denied positively the 
 truth of both charges. No doubt but that he did attach too 
 much importance to dreams; it was one of his peculiarities. 
 But that he was sometimes directed from heaven in dreams 
 he distinctly disavowed. As to the second charge, he formu- 
 lated his accusation thus: "To say that anything dictated by 
 the Spirit of God in the Old Testament is opposed to the 
 spirit of the New is blasphemous; for both Testaments were 
 dictated by the same Spirit and cannot be opposed to each 
 other; nothing can be a stronger support for deism than to 
 set the Word of God at odds against itself" 
 
 Mr. Rankin declined the authority of his Presbytery, and 
 his own congregations remained with him, and large portions 
 of many of the surrounding congregations sympathized with 
 him, and these he organized into new societies. Transylva- 
 nia Presbytery regarded all this as schismatical and proceeded 
 to depose him. This was about 1793. Instead of starting a 
 new denomination, he applied to the Second Asso. Ref. Pres. 
 of Pennsylvania for admission. The Rev. John Young, of 
 precious memory, was sent out to investigate the situation, 
 
546 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 and Mr. Rankin was received to the fellowship of the Asso. 
 Ref. Ch. and his congregations supplied the material for the 
 organization of the Pres. of Kentucky, which took place in 
 1800. 
 
 In 1812 began that unfortunate difficulty between him and 
 Dr. Robert H. Bishop, which resulted so disastrously to the 
 interests of the Asso. Ref. Ch. in Kentucky. (See article 
 Bishop, Robert H.) The Comviission of the General Synod, 
 which visited Kentucky in 1818, to adjudicate the matter be- 
 tween Messrs, Bishop and Rankin, rebuked the former and 
 suspended the latter. Mr. Rankin refused to submit to this 
 suspension, as he had declined the authority of the Conmiis- 
 sion^ but he carried the matter no further, and showed no in- 
 clination to be any longer connected with the Asso. Ref. Ch. 
 He was now superannuated, worn out with years and labors, 
 and no longer able for active duties. There is a tradition 
 that in 1824 he started on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the 
 Holy Land, and when he had arrived at Philadelphia his 
 strength failed him and he died and was buried there. 
 
 There can be no question that Mr. Rankin was "encom- 
 passed with infirmities," that he was sensitive, a little jeal- 
 ous, impulsive and strong of will, so that he soon put himself 
 on the defensive, and always with his face to the foe, and he 
 had the misfortune of living at a time when ecclesiastical 
 things did not always run smoothly. On the other hand, it is 
 just as certain that he was loyal to the truth and valorous in 
 its defence, however faulty in his methods. He was of un- 
 questioned ,piety, and commanded the full confidence of those 
 among whom he lived. He possessed unusual eloquence and 
 power in the pulpit, and often moved a whole congregation to 
 tears. 
 
 The Cormnission worshipped one Sabbath in Mr. Rankin's 
 church, but he did not recognize any of them as ministers, 
 and gave out the first eight or ten verses of the thirty-fifth 
 Psalm, which the congregation sang with a fervor which 
 showed that they were thinking of the Commission. 
 
 One day, in his country congregation, after the period for 
 "intermission," he did not come in, and Mr. Meek, one of 
 his old elders, went out to hunt him up, and found him in a 
 
THE MINISTRY. 547 
 
 neighboring cane-brake, prostrate upon his face, with his 
 Bible open before him and wet with tears. When told that 
 the time was past and the people waiting, he answered, "I 
 have not had the Master's presence for the last week, and I 
 cannot go. I cannot preach." When further urged, he asked 
 Mr. Meek about the meaning of the text and to suggest some- 
 thing for him to say, for that he was deserted and knew not 
 what to say. Mr. Meek finally induced him to cast himself 
 upon his Master's support and make the trial. The result 
 was a sermon of surpassing power and unction, so as to be 
 memorable among his great sermons, of which there were not 
 a few. 
 RANKIN, Alexander Reed (A.): 
 
 Was born Oct. 15, 1828, in Washington, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Washington in 1847, and studied theology in Canons- 
 burg; was licensed Oct. 2, 1851, by Muskingum Pres., and 
 ordained Aug. 17, '52, by Northern Indiana; pastor of Morea, 
 111., Aug., i852-'6; Slippery Rock, Butler Pres., Feb., 1857- 
 '61; then thrown aside for several years by illness; was pastor 
 of Xenia Prairie, 111., i866-'72; Milroy and Vienna, Ind., 
 Jan., 1873-June 27, '76; Murraysville and Beulah, Westmore- 
 land Co., Pa., June 10, 1879-Feb. 16, '86; Americus, Kan., 
 since Mar. 31, 1886. 
 RANKIN, James Doig: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Alex. R. ; was born July 14, 1855, in Craw- 
 ford Co., 111.; was graduated at Westminster in 1882, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 10, 1884, 
 by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained Sept. 25, '85, by Colo- 
 rado; pastor in Denver, Col., since ordination. 
 
 RANKIN, James Graham (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of Alex. R. ; was born in Warren, Jefferson Co., O., 
 in 182 1 ; was graduated at Washington in 1842, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 15, 1847, by Char- 
 tiers Pres., and ordained Oct. 18, '47, by Northern Indiana; 
 was pastor of Robinson congregation, Washington Co., Pa., 
 from Ap. , 1849, until his death, Nov. 6, 1868. 
 RAWSON, William T. : 
 
 Was received in Ap., i860, by the Pres. of St. Louis from 
 
548 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 the Baptist Ch., having been ordained Ap, 4, 1850, by a Bap- 
 tist Council. After supplying in Illinois for three or four 
 years he went to Michigan in 1865, and supplied Marlette 
 and its connections, in Sanilac and Lapeer counties, i865-'78; 
 and joined the Presbyterian Ch. in Ap., 1881. 
 
 REASONER, JohnR.*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 10, 1836, in Muskingum Co., O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in i860, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 22, 1863, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 18, '65, by Wabash; pastor at Idaville, Ind., Ap., 1865- 
 '6; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor at Elmwood 
 and at Collinsville, 111., where in a fit of insanity he com- 
 mitted suicide. May 21, 1885. 
 
 REED, George Murray: 
 
 Was born July 22, 1848, near Canonsburg, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1873, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny and Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 7, 1875, by First 
 New York Pres., and ordained Ap. 18, '76, by Mansfield; 
 pastor of Haysville and Monroe, Ashland Co., O., Ap., 1876- 
 Ap. 20, '80, and at Newville, Pa., since Sept. 28, 1880. 
 
 REED, James Alexander: 
 
 Was born Feb. 20, 1855, in New York city; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1882, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 29, 1884, by Mercer Pres., and ordained Dec. 11, 
 '85, by Neosho; pastor at Emporia, Kan., Feb. 25, 1886-Dec., 
 '86; Grove City, Mercer Co., Pa., Ap. 19, 1887- 
 
 REED, Samuel Barr, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born June 6, 1831, in Huntingdon Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1853, and studied theology at Canons- 
 burg and Xenia;'; was licensed May 16, 1856, by Philadelphia 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 29, '57, by Allegheny; was pastor of 
 First Ch., Pittsburgh, Ap., 1857-July 11, '59; Fifth Ch., 
 Pittsburgh, Feb. 28, 1860-Mar. 31, '74; S. S. at Evans, Col., 
 1874-6, and at Knoxville, Tenn., 1877-1881. He was Prof, 
 of Theology in Knoxville College during his residence there; 
 pastor at Evans, Col., Ap. 7, 1882-Ap. 6, '83, and supplied 
 at Davenport, la., until his death, Ap. 10, 1884. Publica- 
 tions: A Sinner Saved, a Tract; The Polished Jewel, an 
 
THE MINISTRY. 549 
 
 Address; a lyectnre on Pastoral Visitation; a Thanksgiving 
 
 Sermon, 
 
 REED, William G. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in 1828 in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated at 
 Duquesne in 1846, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Mar. 28, 1849, ^Y Monongahela Pres. , and ordained 
 Mar. 28, '54, by Lawrence; pastor of Mahoning and Harbor 
 Mar., 1854-7; of Harmarville, Allegheny Co., since Aug., 
 i860, and of Springdale as a branch since Dec. 14, '75. 
 
 REID, Archibald (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 12, 1809, in Argyle, Washington Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1836, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed July 17, 1840, by Cambridge Pres., 
 and ordained Jan. 20, '42, by the same; pastor at Cambridge, 
 N. Y., from his ordination until his death Feb. 27, 1847. 
 REID, David Fullerton (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 5, 1810, in Indiana Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1838 and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 13, 1841, by Blairsville Pres., and ordained in 
 Nov., '41, by Mansfield; pastor of Millersburg, Mill Creek 
 and White Eyes, O., Nov., i84i-'56; Uniontown and Egypt, 
 O., July, i857-'64; S. S. at Pepin, Wis., i867-'76; his health 
 having failed, he retired to Lockport Station, Westmoreland 
 Co., Pa., where he died Dec. 13, 1880. 
 REID, Edward Fortescue, Ph. d: 
 
 Was born at Kinross, Scotland, of Irish parents; was partly 
 educated at Queen's College, Belfast; came to the U. S. in 
 1858, and was graduated at Hanover, Ind., in 1861; served in 
 the cavalry throughout the civil war, rising from a private to 
 a captain; taught at Hanover, and at Wooster, O. ; was Prof, 
 of Languages in Ohio Central College, i868-'7o; Pres. of the 
 same i870-'74; Prof, of Latin and Hebrew in Monmouth 
 since 1874; studied theology privately; licensed Aug. 31, 1881, 
 by Monmouth Pres., and ordained Ap. 29, '83, by the same; 
 S. S. of Smith Creek, Warren Co., 111., since 1882. 
 REID, John (A. R.): 
 
 Was received May 23, 1849, by the Pres. of New York as a 
 licentiate from the Duncannon Pres. in Ireland; and ordained 
 
550 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 June 28, '50, by that Pres. ; pastor at Bloomingburgh, N. Y., 
 June, 1850-Ap., '58, after which he returned to Ireland. 
 REID, Robert, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 5, 1781, near Belfast, Ireland; came to Phil- 
 adelphia in 1798; was graduated at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1805, and studied theology in New York under 
 Dr. Mason; was licensed in 1809 by the Philadelphia Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 21, '12, by Monongahela; was at ordination 
 installed as pastor of Erie and Waterford, Pa., giving to the 
 former three-fourths of his time and to the latter the other 
 fourth; resigned Waterford June 30, '41, and retained Erie 
 until his death, May 15, 1844. He was largely instrumental 
 in founding the Academy in Erie, and supported it in every 
 way; being a very superior mathematician, he gave in it oc- 
 casional lectures on astronomy as long as he lived. Upon one 
 occasion he was thrown from his carriage upon his head and 
 greatly stunned; after consciousness returned he found that he 
 had lost all knowledge of Hebrew, and was compelled to be- 
 gin with the alphabet in reacquiring it. In the war of 181 2 
 he acted as chaplain to Perry's fieet, and served in the same 
 capacity for the army on land, and when the enemy approached 
 he took his place in the ranks to assist in repelling the attacks. 
 Publications: A Funeral Sermon on the Death of Lieut. 
 Brooks, U. S. N., 1813; The Reign of Truth and Righteous- 
 ness (about to commence), a Sermon, 1824; Observations on 
 Dr. Watts' Preface to the Psalms of David, a pamphlet, 1825; 
 The Seven Last Plagues, being Dissertations on the Prophe- 
 cies of the Book of Daniel, and on the Book of Revelation, 
 8vo., 1828; Helps to Christian Devotions, consisting of Criti- 
 cal Translations of and Dissertation on the first twenty-three 
 Psalms, i2mo., 1833; Two Tracts on Church Government, 
 1839 and 1841. 
 REID, Samuel C. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 26, 1824, i^ Beaver Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1849, ^"^ studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed Oct. 18, 1853, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Oct. 
 26, '56, by Muskingum; was pastor of Ridge and Clearfork, 
 O., Oct., 1856-Ap., '59; of Cherry Run, Clarion Co., Pa., 
 May, i860-' 64; installed over Centreville and Springfield, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 55 1 
 
 Butler Pres., June, 1865; resigned the former in '67 and the 
 
 latter Jan. 15, '78; pastor of Hookstown and Tumlinson Run, 
 
 Pa., Jan. 14, 1879-Ap. 11, '82; died from paralysis, Feb. 4, 
 
 1887. 
 
 REID, William Hervey: 
 
 Was born July 7, 1827, at Massie's Creek, Greene Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Miami University in 1855, and studied the- 
 ology at Oxford under Dr. Claybaugh, and in the Ref Pres. 
 Sem. in Philadelphia; was licensed May 20, i860, by the Ref. 
 Presbyterian Pres. of Philadelphia, and ordained in '62 by 
 the Northern (Ref. Pres.); was pastor at West Barnet, Vt., 
 i862-'7; joined the United Presbyterian Ch. in 1872; pastor 
 at Walton, Ontario, Canada, Jan. 7, i88o-'3; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch., in 1886, and is at Melvern, Kan. 
 
 REID, William James, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Aug. 17, 1834, in S. Argyle, Washington Co., 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1855, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 2, 1861, by Argyle Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 7, '62, by Monongahela; has been pastor of 
 First Ch., Pittsburgh, since ordination. Was Secretary of 
 the Board of Home Missions, i868-'72; was Chairman of the 
 Committee to prepare the Digest, 1876; and has been Princi- 
 pal Clerk of the General Assembly since 1875; delegate to 
 the Presbyterian Council of 1884. Publications: Unseen 
 Battles of Youth, a Sermon; The Nation's Duty to the Na- 
 tion's Dead, a Sermon; Lectures on the Revelation, 8vo., pp. 
 610; United Presbyterianism, i8mo. , pp. 192, 1881. 
 
 RENWICK, Andrew: 
 
 Was born Oct. 11, 1842, at Idaville, White Co., Ind. ; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1865, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed June 27, 1866, by Wabash Pres., and or- 
 dained, sine titiilo^ Nov. 26, '67, by the same; was S. S. at 
 Lafayette, Ind., i867-'9; pastor at Olathe, Kan., May 2, 1869- 
 June 24, '74; at S. Henderson, 111., since Oct. 24, 1875. 
 Publication: A Historic Discourse of South Henderson, pp. 
 32, 1876. 
 RENWICK, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was licensed Jan. i, 1807, by the Second Pres. of Carolina, 
 
552 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 and ordained June 28, '09, by the same; was pastor of Gil- 
 der's Creek, Newberry Co., S. C, and supply to Warrior's 
 Creek i8o9-'i4, and then preached as supply in that section 
 of country until his death. He was a man of more than ordi- 
 nary intellect and attainments, and in conversation very 
 ready and very Jiiient^ but in preachingland praying he hesi- 
 tated and stammered. A good man, and in many ways a use- 
 ful man. 
 REN WICK, John Arthur: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. Andrew; was born May 16, 1852, at 
 Idaville, Ind. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1879, and 
 studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 9, 1881, by 
 Wabash Pres. , and ordained Ap. 19, '82, by Chillicothe; pas- 
 tor of Tranquillity, Adams Co., O., Ap. 19, 1882-Ap., '87; 
 Biggsville, 111., May, 1887- 
 REYNOIvDS, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 25, 1804, in Cumberland Co., Pa., and 
 reared in the Forks of Yough, Allegheny Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1823, ^^^^ studied theology with the 
 Rev. Alex. Porter; was licensed in Oct., 1825, ^Y First Ohio 
 Pres., and ordained June 28, '26, by the same; was supply 
 and pastor-elect at Kaskaskia, 111., i826-'9; S. S. of Sidney 
 and Piqua, O., i829-'3i; pastor of Providence and Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, Clinton and Montgomery counties, Ind., 1 832-' 40; Con- 
 cord and Clear Creek, O., 1840-Ap., '45; Fairhaven, Preble 
 Co., O., 1845 until his death, Sept. 4, 1846. 
 
 REYNOLDS, John Abercrombie, D. D. : 
 
 Son of the Rev. John; was born Dec. 9, 1836, at Frankfort, 
 Clinton Co., Ind.; was graduated at Miami in 1859, and 
 studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed in June, 1861, 
 by First Ohio Pres., and ordained June 17, '63, by Mon- 
 mouth; was pastor of Cedar Creek, Warren Co., 111., June, 
 i863-'72; at Rock Island, 111., Oct. 15, 1872-Oct. 13, '85; 
 Putnam, N. Y., since Dec. 9, 1885. Publication: Faith and 
 Assurance, a Sermon, pp. 22. 
 
 RICHEY, John Elliott*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 15, 1839, at Norwich, O. ; was graduated 
 at Muskingum in 1865, and studied theology at Allegheny 
 
THE MINISTRY. 553 
 
 and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 16, 1867, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained July 14, '68, by St. Louis; was pastor of Hope- 
 well, Perry Co., 111., from his ordination until his death, Dec. 
 30, 1874. 
 
 RICHIE, William Marshall: 
 
 Was born May 16, 1832, near Mansfield, O. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1857, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 9, 1861, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained Sept. 
 II, '62, by Frankfort; was pastor at Hanover, Pa., Sept., 
 1862-June 20, '65; Crawfordsville, la., Ap. 26, 1866-June 21, 
 '71; Paxton, 111., Oct. 27, 1872-Ap. 10, ''']']\ Springhill, Ind., 
 May 2, 1877-Ap. 2, '79; S. S. in Martin, Mich.; pastor at 
 Marshalltown, la., Ap. 11, i88i-'83; Burchard, Neb., since 
 May 23, 1884- 
 
 RICHIE, William Nelson: 
 
 Was born Feb. 13, 1846, in Shelby Co., Tenn. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1873, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Mar. 27, 1876, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained 
 Nov. 19, ''']']^ by Second New York; pastor of the 44th St. 
 Ch., New York, from ordination to Mar. 20, '82, when he 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch,, and is located in Philadelphia. 
 
 RIDDELL, John, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1758, in county Monaghan, Ireland; was grad- 
 uated at Glasgow University, Scotland, in 1782, and studied 
 theology in the Burgher Hall under John Brown, of Hadding- 
 ton; was licensed June 14, r788, and ordained on the i8th of 
 Nov. of the same year by the Burgher Pres. of Monaghan; 
 was pastor of the congregation of Donaghloney, in county 
 Down, Nov., i788-'93. He emigrated to the U. S., and on 
 the 15th of May, 1794, was received by the Second Asso. Ref. 
 Pres. of Pennsylvania, and accepted the same day a call from 
 the congregations of Robinson Run and Union, a short dis- 
 tance west of Pittsburgh, and was installed Aug. 15, '94. He 
 resigned Union Sept. 11, '16, and retained the other until his 
 death, Sept. 4, 1829. ^^ possessed a mind of a very superior 
 order; was not only scholarly, but he thought clearly, log- 
 ically, profoundly, and had very great influence in his eccles- 
 iastical relations. He was very much attached to the distinc- 
 
 35 
 
554 I'HE MINISTRY. 
 
 tive principles of the Asso. Ref. Ch,, and in the Old General 
 Synod steadily opposed every innovation, and was one of the 
 leaders in the reorganization of the Synod of Scioto into the 
 Independent Synod of the West. His last illness was pro- 
 tracted and painful, but he was upheld by the arm of his 
 Master, and cheered by the light of his countenance. Some 
 of his last words were: "It is nothing to die in Christ; I am 
 sinking fast, but I am not afraid, for the arm of God is sup- 
 porting me. ' ' His very last words were : " I am going home. ' ' 
 
 RIDDELL, Joseph Kerr (A. R.)*: 
 
 Youngest son of Dr. John; was born near Noblestown in 
 Allegheny Co. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1832, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny ; was licensed Ap. 19, 1843, by Steuben- 
 ville Pres., and ordained, sine titiilo, in Ap., '45, by Mans- 
 field; was pastor of Bear Creek, Mt. Varnum and Lawrence- 
 burg, in Butler Co., Pa., 1847-Sept. 6, '48. He soon after- 
 ward left the ministry, and studied and practiced medicine, 
 and was drowned Ap. 8, 1875, in the Boisd'Arc, near Elwood, 
 Texas. 
 
 RIDDLE, Cunton: 
 
 Was born Sept. 29, 1851, near Clintonville, Venango Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1873, and studied the- 
 ology at Newburgh ; was licensed Ap. 7, 1875, by First New 
 York Pres., and ordained Sept. 27, '78, by Neosho; pastor at 
 Walton, Harvey Co., Kan., Ap. 2, 1879-Ap. 12, '81; Dunbar, 
 Neb., Nov. 16, 1886- 
 RILEY, John R. (colored): 
 
 Was received in 1867, as a licentiate from the Presbyterian 
 Ch. of Canada, and employed by the Freedmen's Board in 
 Tennessee; was ordained in 1868, by the Pres. of Tennessee, 
 and transferred to the Mission in Leavenworth, Kan. ; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch. in 1870, and located in Louisville, Ky., 
 and subsequently in Washington city. 
 RIPPEY, John, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 24, 1828, near Geneva, N. Y. ; was gradu- 
 uated at Union in 1851, and studied theology at Newburgh 
 and Princeton; was licensed Dec. 14, 1852, by Caledonia Pres. , 
 and ordained Aug. 6, '56, by Saratoga; pastor of W. Kort- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 555 
 
 right, Delaware Co., N. Y., Aug., 1856-Nov., '66; at Ciiyler- 
 ville, Iviviiigston Co., N. Y., since Dec. 26, 1866. 
 RISK, David (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland, and educated in Scotland, studying 
 theology under Dr. Lawson in class of 1794, a classmate of Dr. 
 James Laurie; was licensed by the Burgher Pres. of Derry, in 
 Ireland; was received Jan. 14, 1802, by the Asso. Ref. Pres. 01 
 New York, and ordained in Nov. 1804, by Kentucky; pastor 
 of Cherry Fork and Eagle Creek, Adams Co., O., i8o4-'8; 
 declined a call to Hopewell, Preble Co., before Mr. Porter's 
 arrival; pastor of Mt. Pleasant, Sycamore and Clear Creek, 
 Butler and Warren counties, O., i8o8-'i3; married the widow 
 of Israel Ludlow of Cumminsville, O., turned farmer and 
 lived and labored upon her farm, which is now included in 
 the bounds of the beautiful "Spring Grove Cemetery " at Cin- 
 cinnati, where he died in Oct., 1818. 
 
 RITCHIE, Andrew (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in New Leeds, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Dec. 26, 
 1826; came to the U. S. in 1848; was graduated at Woodward 
 College in Cincinnati in 185 1, and studied theology at Ox- 
 ford; was licensed in 1852 by First Ohio Pres., and ordained 
 in '53 by Chillicothe; was pastor at Greenfield and Fall Creek, 
 Highland Co., O., i853-'65; united with the Presbyterian Ch. , 
 and has been editor and secretary of the Western Tract Soci- 
 ety, Cincinnati, O. He has published about a dozen diflferent 
 works, running from 96 to 576 pages each. 
 
 ROBB, John PorterfieIvD, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Mar. 18, 1830, in Harrison Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1854, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed in June, 1858, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 28, '60, by Boston; was pastor in Providence, R. I., Ap., 
 1860-Sept., '73; S. S. i874-'5, in Indianapolis, Ind. ; pastor 
 of Iberia, Morrow Co., O., since Nov. 17, 1875; is also Presi- 
 dent of Ohio Central College at Iberia. 
 ROBB, William Andrew: 
 
 Brother of John P. ; was born July 13, 1832, in New Athens, 
 Harrison Co., O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1855, 9-"^ 
 studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 10, 1861, by 
 
556 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Wheeling Pres., and ordained Ap. 23, '63, by Xenia; has been 
 pastor of Jamestown, Greene Co., O., since ordination. He 
 was Prof, of Mathematics in Muskingum College during 1857. 
 ROBERTSON, Gilbert Hamilton (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in S. Argyle, Washington Co. , N. Y. ; was grad- 
 uated at Union in 1849, ^^^ studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed Oct. 22, 1855, by the Asso. Pres. of Cambridge, 
 and ordained July 13, '58, by the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Wash- 
 ington; was pastor of Hebron, N. Y., July, 1858-Mar. 28, '60; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor in Troy, N. Y., 
 in Springfield, 111. , and in Louisville, Ky. Has no ecclesias- 
 tical connections, and is editor at Sandwich, 111. 
 ROBERTSON, James Lovejoy: 
 
 Was born Sept. 5, 1837, in Steubenville, O. ; was graduated 
 at Geneva College, O., in 1855, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed June 9, 1857, by Steubenville Pres., and 
 ordained July 12, '59, by Caledonia; was pastor in Geneva, 
 N. Y., July, 1859-May 15, '67; joined the Presbyterian Ch., 
 and held several pastorates, and is at Hadley, Pa. 
 ROBERTSON, John Lyfier: 
 
 Was born at Thorold, Ontario, Canada; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1864, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Mar. 28, 1865, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Mar. 22, 
 '67, by Stamford; pastor of Walton, Canada, 1867-8; Plumer, 
 Venango Co., Pa., i870-'4; Leesburg and Plain Grove, Mer- 
 cer Co., Pa., 1874-' 7; joined the Presbyterian Ch., of Canada, 
 and became pastor at Strabane. 
 ROBERTSON, John S. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was graduated at Du- 
 quesne College in 1846, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 28, 1849, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained June 9, '52, by First Ohio; was pastor of Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, in Butler Co., O., June, 1852-Ap. 3, '66; at Walton, 
 Ontario, Canada, i866-'8; was S. S. at Lowell, Mass., 1869; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch. , and is pastor at Waterman, 111. 
 ROBERTSON, Peter Cowan (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 17, 1811, in Argyle, Washington Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1839, and studied theology at 
 
THE MINISTRY. 557 
 
 Newburgh; was licensed June i, 1842, by New York Pres., 
 and ordained July 23, '47, by the same; was pastor at White 
 Lake, Sullivan Co., N. Y., Ap. 8, 1848-July 7, '52; S. S. at 
 Freedom and Eagle Village, Cattaraugus and Wyoming coun- 
 ties, N. Y., for a year, and pastor at Howard, Steuben Co., 
 N. Y., Oct. 27, 1858-June, '83; had been S. S. for some time 
 before installation at both White Lake and Howard, 
 ROBERTSON, Robert B.*: 
 
 Brother of John S. ; was born in 1839 in Allegheny Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1865, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1865, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 30, '67, by Butler; pastor at Freeport 
 and Buffalo, Armstrong Co., from his ordination until his 
 death, Sept. 14, 1872. Publication: He was the principal one 
 in preparing and arranging the Music of the United Presbyte- 
 rian Psalter, 
 ROBERTSON, William: 
 
 Was born Mar. 14, 1828, in Glasgow, Scotland, studied 
 theology privately under the direction of the Pres. of Detroit; 
 was licensed Nov. 15, i860, by the Detroit Pres., and ordained 
 Mar. 26, '61, by the same; was pastor of Troy and Southfield, 
 Mich., Mar., i86i-Ap. 21, '68; Block way, Red House and 
 Clyde, Mich., Sept., i868-Ap., '75; General Missionary in 
 Mich., Ap., 1875-Sept., '78; pastor at Parker's Landing, 
 Armstrong Co., Pa., Jan. 21, 1879-Jan. 15, '84. 
 
 ROBINSON, Charles Henry: 
 
 Son of Dr. W. J.; was born Oct. 23, i860, at Beulah, Mon- 
 roe Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1883, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1886, by 
 Allegheny Pres., and ordained July 27, '86, by Caledonia; 
 pastor at Mumford, Monroe Co., N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 ROBINSON, George Alexander Boyd: 
 
 Was born July 17, 1844, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Jefferson in 1866, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 21, 1868, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained June 29, '69, by the same; was pastor at Temperance- 
 ville, near Pittsburgh, June, 1869-Mar. 26, '72; Oxford, 
 Chester Co., Pa., May 19, 1873-Mar. 27, '76; Jersey City, N, 
 
558 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 J., June 27, 1877-Ap. 9, '78; Brookville and Jefferson, Jeffer- 
 son Co., Pa., since May 8, 1878. 
 ROBINSON, Joseph B. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received June 15, 1848, by the Asso. Ref. Pres. of New 
 York from the Congregational Union of England and Wales; 
 was pastor at E. Springfield, Otsego Co., N. Y., Oct. 9, 1849- 
 '52; transferred in the autumn of 1854 to the Presbyterian 
 Ch. in Canada. 
 ROBINSON, William John, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Aug. 5, 1833, in Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y. ; 
 was graduated at Union in 1856, and studied theology at New- 
 burgh and Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 21, 1858, by Wash- 
 ington Pres., and ordained Dec. 6, '59, by Caledonia; was 
 pastor of Beulah, Monroe Co., N. Y., Dec, 1859-Jan. 22, '73; 
 First Ch., Allegheny, since Ap. 9, 1873; delegate to the Pres- 
 byterian Council of 1884. 
 
 ROCKWELL, Abner Otis: 
 
 Was born May 10, 1820, in Cambridge, Crawford Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1843, and studied theology at 
 the Allegheny Sem. (Pres.); was licensed Sept. 3, 1845, ^Y 
 Beaver Pres. (Pres.), and ordained Jan. 16, '48, by New Lis- 
 bon (Pres.); pastor of Hubbard and Coitsville, O. , 1848- Ap., 
 '53; Mingo, Pa., Oct., 1853-Oct., '58; Lebanon, Allegheny 
 Co., Pa., Oct., 1858-Oct., '68; Frankfort, Washington Co., 
 Pa., 1869-Oct., '76; joined the United Presbyterian Ch., in 
 1883, and is engaged in Home Mission work. 
 
 RODGERS, Andrew A. (A.)*: 
 
 Grandson of the Rev. John; was born in 1829 ^^ Monroe 
 Co. , Mo. ; was graduated at Washington in 1849, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 17, 1853, by 
 Chartiers Pres., and ordained Aug. 21, '56, by Iowa; was 
 pastor of Homestead, Rock Island Co., 111., Aug., 1856-Ap., 
 '58; engaged in missionary work for a year, then ceased to 
 preach, and in i860 dropped from the roll of the church. 
 He ceased preaching because he had become skeptical. He 
 never renounced Christianity nor became an opponent of the 
 gospel or the church, but kept up the forms of worship as 
 long as he lived. His mental and spiritual history was a 
 
THE MINISTRY. 559 
 
 very sad one. He claimed that his doubts were constitutional, 
 and his mind was perhaps more at fault than his heart. He 
 died Feb. 17, 1875. 
 
 RODGERS, James, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 22, i8cx), at Ballinahinch, in county Down, 
 Ireland, and received a liberal English education with a view 
 to the profession of a civil engineer. In 1820 he came to the 
 U, S. and settled in Crawford Co., Pa. ; changed his plans of 
 life and resolved to study for the ministry. He was graduated 
 at the Western University in 1826, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed in the summer of 1830 by the Alle- 
 gheny Pres., and was ordained Oct. 20, '31, by Chartiers; 
 pastor of Noblestown and Ohio congregations, Chartiers Pres. , 
 Oct., 1831-June, '38; Allegheny City (now Second United 
 Presbyterian), July, 1838-Ap. 4, '60; was Superintendent of 
 the Board of Publication, 1859 until his death, July 23, 1868. 
 In his last moments he seemed to those about him to be suf- 
 fering greatly, but he insisted that he did not suffer at all, 
 saying: "I know I am sick; I must be very sick, but I have 
 no pain. I wonder if this is dying; it is so strange." Among 
 his last words he was heard to say, " Peace, peace, peace; all 
 is peace." Publication: Lectures on Pilgrim's Progress, 8vo. 
 
 RODGERS, James: 
 
 Was ordained July 12, 1833, by York Pres. of the United 
 Presbyterian Ch. of Canada; was received Oct. 21, 1859, by 
 the Pres. o^ Xenia; was S. S. to Canonsburg and Leipsic, 
 Hancock Co., O., for 1863, and pastor Oct., 1864-8; S. S. at 
 Vandalia, Owen Co., Ind., 1869-70; S. S. for Eden Prairie 
 and Glendale, in Scott Co., Minn., for a year, and then pastor 
 July 16, 1872-Oct. I, 1875; S. S. for Caledonia, in Wabasha, 
 Minn., 1876-8, and is without charge and infirm at Hastings, 
 Minn. 
 
 RODGERS, John, M. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1745 in Crieflf, Perthshire, Scotand; was grad- 
 uated at the University of St. Andrews, and studied theology 
 with the younger Moncrieff at Alloa, to which he added a 
 full course of medecine. 1770 he was appointed by his 
 Synod as a missionary to America, and was ordained during 
 
560 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 the summer and sailed in the autumn in company with John 
 Smith. They had a long, tedious passage, and landed late in 
 the winter. They were instructed by the Synod to require 
 the Pres. of Pennsylvania to annul the agreement made in 
 1767 with Telfair and Kinlock, who had been sent out by the 
 Burgher Synod, and, in case of the Presbytery's refusal, to 
 organize a new Pres. On the 4th of June, 1771, they met 
 with the Pres. at Pequea, Lancaster Co., Pa., and submitted 
 their instructions. On the evening of the next day the Pres. 
 took action on this matter, and admitted " they had taken 
 some steps inconsistent with their subordination to the 
 Synod," but unanimously resolved that "they do not judge 
 it for edification, in their present peculiar circumstances, ex- 
 plicitly to comply with the Synod's demands." The com- 
 missioners were sensible men, and when they had gotten on 
 the ground and fully understood the circumstances of the 
 case, they concluded that the Pres. had acted more wisely 
 than the Synod, and they pursued the matter no further, but 
 handed in their certificates and quietly took their seats as 
 coordinate members; and this was the last trouble that the 
 Scotch Burgess Oath ever gave to Seceders in America. 
 
 Mr. Rodgers was pastor of the congregations of Big Spring, 
 at Newville, Cumberland Co., Pa., and East Conecocheague, 
 near Brown's Mill, four miles from Greencastle, and of West 
 Conecocheague, at Slate Hill, near Mercersburg, in Franklin 
 Co., 1772-Ap. 4, '81. In Oct., 1777, the Pres. first began to 
 consider the case of Mr. Rodgers, "of whom it is known that 
 he has taught a number of tenets which the Pres. judge not 
 agreeable to our received principles." The investigation 
 lingered on until Ap. 4, '81, when he was "deposed from the 
 ministry and excommunicated from the fellowship of the 
 church with the lesser sentence of excommunication." The 
 doctrinal errors for which he was deposed were, "That man- 
 kind in their fallen state are not under the law as a covenant; 
 that the law written on Adam's heart and the law given at 
 Sinai are two distinct laws; that the latter is no part of the 
 Covenant of Works; that Christ did not purchase by his 
 obedience and death any blessings of the Covenant of Grace." 
 Messrs. Proudfit, Henderson, Marshall and Clarkson were 
 
THE MINISTRY. 56 1 
 
 against him, while Messrs. Smith, Logan and Murray de- 
 fended him. When Messrs. Marshall and Clarkson, in June, 
 1782, protested against the adoption of the basis of union 
 with the Ref Presbyterian Pres. , and withdrew, it left Mr. 
 Rodgers' friends in the majority, and they restored him to 
 the ministry. He went into the union and was present at 
 the organization of the Asso. Ref Synod, Nov. i, 1782. He 
 was pastor of the congregations at Timber Ridge, Rockbridge 
 Co., and Old Providence, Augusta Co., Va., 1 783-' 90. In 
 1789 charges were preferred against him in Synod, and 
 Messrs. Dobbin, Boyse and Smith were appointed to go to 
 investigate them. Upon their report Synod in 1790 sus- 
 pended him, and as he had received a thorough medical edu- 
 cation, he concluded to give up the ministry and give his time 
 to the practice of medicine. He soon acquired a large prac- 
 tice, and continued it until his death, which took place in 
 1812 on his farm at Timber Ridge. He left eight sons and 
 two daughters, and many of his descendants are worthy mem- 
 bers of the United Presbyterian Ch. at Mercer, Pa., and 
 around Monmouth, 111. 
 ROE, John Calvin: 
 
 Was born May 4, 1847, i^ Richland Co., O. ;was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1871, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 18, 1877, ^Y Mansfield Pres., and ordained 
 July 8, '79, by Frankfort; pastor at Service, Beaver Co., Pa., 
 July 8, i87Q-Oct. 15, '82; Kenton, O., June 21, 1887- 
 ROGERS, James (A. R.)=^: 
 
 W^as born Aug. 2, 1768, in county Monaghan, Ireland; was 
 graduated at Glasgow University, and studied theology two 
 terms with Dr. Lawson, at Selkirk, Scotland, and was then 
 licensed Sept. 8, 1789, that he might go to South Carolina 
 with a brother and a sister. He landed at Charleston, S. C. , 
 on the 25th of Dec, and soon went to Fairfield and Abbeville 
 Districts; was present at Long Cane at the organization of 
 the Asso. Ref Pres, of the Carolinas and Georgia, Feb. 24, 
 1790, and officiated as clerk, and was ordained Feb. 23, '91, 
 by this Pres. He was installed at ordination in the pastorate 
 of Ebenezer in Fairfield District, and of Canon Creek and 
 King's Creek in Newberry District. About 1815 he resigned 
 
562 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 the Newberry churches and retained Ebenezer until his death 
 in the summer of 1830, from the effects of a polypus. He was 
 decidedly attractive and popular as a preacher, and equally so 
 as a man in his private intercourse. 
 ROGERS, Robert: 
 
 Was born July 13, 1847, ^^ Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at the Western University in 1866, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed June 30, 1868, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained May 31, '71, by Albany; pastor of Flor- 
 ida, Montgomery Co., N. Y. , since ordination. 
 
 ROSEBURG, George A. : 
 
 Was born July 20, 1848, in Columbiana Co., O. ; was grad- 
 uated in 1872 at Westminster, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1880, by Steuben ville Pres., and 
 ordained Dec. 13, '81, by Cleveland; pastor of Liberty, Trum- 
 bull Co., O., since ordination. 
 
 ROSS, James Francis: 
 
 Was born Mar. 6, 1859, ^^ Monmouth, 111. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1881, andstudied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 Ap. I, 1885, by College Springs Pres., and ordained Dec. 29, 
 '86, by Monmouth; pastor at Elmira, 111., since ordination. 
 
 ROSS, John S.*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 27, 1828, near Lexington, Richland Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1861, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, '63, by Allegheny, and 
 ordained Ap. 5, '65, by Keokuk; pastor of Birmingham, la., 
 Oct., 1866-June, 'yy, Wilsonville, Neb., 1883-Ap. 7, '86. 
 Died Jan. 20, 1887. 
 
 ROSS, Martin L. : 
 
 Was born in Ireland, and came to the U. S. when quite 
 young. While clerking in Philadelphia he studied at night, 
 and thus fitted himself for college; was graduated at Mon- 
 mouth in 1866, and studied theology at Monmouth and New- 
 burgh; was licensed in Ap., 1867, by Rock Island Pres., and 
 ordained May 4, '69, by Second New York; pastor of First 
 Ch., Brooklyn, N. Y., May, 1869-Mar. 4, '72; of Iberia, Mor- 
 row Co., O., Mar., 1872-Mar. 25, '74; joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and is in Philadelphia. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 563 
 
 ROSS, Randal (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 19, 18 18, near West Newton, Westmoreland 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Washington in 1844, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1847, ^Y Blairs- 
 ville Pres., and ordained Ap. 25, '49, by Second Ohio; in- 
 stalled pastor of Cumberland and Sharon, Noble Co., O., at 
 ordination ; was released from the former in ' 53 and from the 
 latter Ap. i, '60. In 1850 he started a classical school, which 
 prospered, and in '60 was known as Sharon College, and had 
 80 students. In '59 he bought out and conducted as a Radi- 
 cal Republican paper the Noble County Cojisoh'dated Republi- 
 can. Thus situated the war broke out and his patriotism 
 boiled over; he resigned his pastoral charge, sold his news- 
 paper, and at the close of his college commencement, Oct. 16, 
 '61, announced the suspension of further exercises, and on the 
 same evening enlisted as a private in the 62d Ohio volunteers 
 — infantry. He was soon elevated to the office of sixth cor- 
 poral, and fought at Winchester and at Port Republic and 
 through the seven days' fight before Richmond, and partici- 
 pated in the bombardment of Fort Sumter by the Monitors, 
 ^P- 7) '63- During this time he had also filled by detail the 
 positions of ordnance officer, of regimental postmaster and 
 chief clerk of the brigade commissary. In July, '63, un- 
 known to him. Gov. Todd, of Ohio, got an order from the 
 War Department for his discharge, and then presented him 
 with a conmission as chaplain of the 15th Regiment. He 
 joined his new regiment immediately, and remained with it 
 until the war was over, going through the battles of Chicka- 
 mauga. Lookout Mountain and some twenty others. His 
 four years' military history was very remarkable. He served 
 in twenty-one States of the Union, made fourteen trips and 
 voyages by water; was in scores of battles, and yet was never 
 captured or wounded, or in an ambulance or hospital from 
 sickness. During his service he was a regular correspondent 
 of the United Presbyterian and other papers. He devoted 
 the remainder of his life to the founding and building up of 
 Lincoln College, at Greenwood, Mo. He became prematurely 
 infirm, and died at Greenwood, Ap. 20, 1877. 
 
564 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ROSS, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 4, 1815, near Newville, Pa., and reared in 
 Belmont Co., O. ; was educated at Franklin, and studied the- 
 ology at Oxford; was licensed in 1848, and ordained in Nov., 
 '49, by Second Illinois; pastor at S. Henderson, 111., Nov., 
 1849-Ap. 8, '57; was one of the founders of Monmouth Col- 
 lege, and served it for years as Financial Agent or as Profes- 
 sor. His health became very infirm, and after years of suffer- 
 ing he died Oct. 30, 1873. 
 
 RULE, Alexander Hume: 
 
 Was born in May, 1843, in Hindley, Roxburghshire, Scot- 
 land; was graduated at Monmouth in 1868, and studied the- 
 ology at Monmouth; was licensed in 1870 by Monmouth 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 20, '71, by Cedar Rapids; was tutor 
 in Monmouth 1868-70; pastor at Vinton, la., Sept., 1871- 
 July 25, '72; and soon afterward sailed for Egypt as a foreign 
 missionary. His views upon the subjects of church organiza- 
 tion, ordinances, etc., suddenly changed, and in the spring of 
 ''jT, he returned from Egypt, withdrew from the United Pres- 
 byterian Ch., and fully identified himself with the Plymouth 
 brethren, and has labored with and for them ever since. 
 
 RUSSEL, Isaac (A. R.): 
 
 Was received in 1856 by the Second Asso. Ref. Pres. of 
 Illinois from the Free Ch. of Scotland, and soon passed else- 
 where. 
 RUSSELL, John, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1796 in Kinrosshire, Scotland; was graduated 
 at Edinburgh University, and studied theology under Dr. 
 John Dick; was licensed in Ap., 1823, by the Pres. of Elgin; 
 came to the U. S. in 1825, and joined the Asso. Pres. of Cam- 
 bridge, and was by it ordained Oct. 31, '26; was installed in 
 Nov., 1826, as pastor of Stamford, Thorald and Beaver Dam, 
 in Ontario, Canada. He soon confined his services to the 
 first, where he died, Mar. 3, 1854, from asthmatic consump- 
 tion. 
 
 RUSSELL, Robert McWatty: 
 
 Was born Ap. 6, 1858, at Balm, in Mercer Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1880, and studied theology at 
 
THK MINISTRY. 565 
 
 Alleglieny; was licensed Ap. i, 1884, by Allegheny Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 9, '84, by Caledonia; pastor of Caledonia, 
 N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 SANDS, James Davidson: 
 
 Was born Feb. t6, 1853, in Allegheny Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1872, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Mar. 30, 1875, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Dec. 19, '76, by Beaver Valley; pastor at Beaver 
 Dec, 1876-Feb. 24, '80; Seventh Ch., Pittsburgh, since Mar. 
 30, 1880. 
 SANDS, John Scott, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Sept. i, 1844, in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1864, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 27, 1867, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 21, '68, by the same. He gathered and organized 
 the Eighth Ch. in Pittsburgh in June, 1868, and served it as 
 actual pastor until June 29, '80; then joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and is pastor of the Arch St. Ch., Philadelphia. 
 
 SANDERSON, Joseph, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born May 23, 1823, i^^ Ballibay, Ireland; was gradu- 
 ated at Belfast in 1845, ^^^ studied theology under the care 
 of the Asso. Pres. of New York (Stark and Blair), and was by 
 it licensed in 1849, ^^^ ordained in '49; pastor in Providence, 
 R. I., i849-'53; ^^ ^ Presbyterian Ch. in New York city 
 i853-'69; .. Congregational Ch. in Conn. i872-'8; now Editor 
 of the Pulpit Treasury. 
 SANKEY, James Patterson, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Ap. 10, 1839, in Londonderry, Guernsey Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1859, ^^^ studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 15, 1862, by the Muskingum 
 Pres., and ordained June 30, '64, by Caledonia; pastor in 
 Rochester, N. Y., since ordination. Has published a number 
 of sermons and addresses. Delegate to the Presbyterian 
 Council of 1884. 
 
 SANSON, Thomas Alexander: 
 
 Was born Oct. 20, 1834, in Albany, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Union in 1858, and studied theology at Princeton; was li- 
 censed in Ap. , 1861, by Albany Pres., and ordained June 24, 
 
566 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 '62, by Keokuk; pastor of Morning Sun, Louisa Co., la., 
 June, 1862-65; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is pastor at 
 Argyle, N. Y. 
 SAVAGE, John Adams, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 9, 1800, in Salem, N. Y. ; was graduated at 
 Union in 1822, and studied theology privately, principally 
 with B. K. Maxwell, of Delhi, and Robert Forrest, of Stam- 
 ford, N. Y. ; was licensed May 4, 1825, by the Pres, of Wash- 
 ington, and ordained, sine titulo^ Feb. 12, '27, by the same; 
 was S. S. at Fort Covington, Franklin Co., N. Y., i826-'3i; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor in Ogdensburg, 
 N. Y., 1832-50; Pres. of Carroll College, Waukesha, Wis., 
 from 1850 until his death, Dec. 13, 1864. 
 
 SAWHILL, James: 
 
 Was born Feb. 22, 1829, near Taylorstown, Washington 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1851, and studied the- 
 ology at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 3, '54, by Chartiers 
 Pres., and ordained June 18, '63, by Le Claire; pastor at Cas- 
 cade, la., June, 1863-Ap. 14, '75, and of Union, la., since 
 Jan. 18, '^-j. 
 SAWYER, Benjamin Franklin (A.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 17, 181 7, in Allegheny Co., Pa., and was 
 educated privately, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 22, 1842, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained May 
 15, '44, by Ohio, and installed pastor of Darlington and New 
 Brighton, Beaver Co. , Pa. ; resigned New Brighton Oct. 6, 
 '68, and Darlington- Ap. 4, '60; joined the residuary Asso. 
 Synod, and is pastor of small Asso. congregations in Darling- 
 ton and Four Mile. 
 SAWYER, James French (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 7, 1810, in Piqua, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami in 1833, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 21, 1835, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained, 
 sine titnlo, Ap. 20, '36, by the same; pastor of Springfield, O., 
 autumn of 1837-spring of '48; died July i, 1849, of consump- 
 tion in Allegheny, Pa. 
 
 SCOTT, George Thomas: 
 
 Was born Dec. 25, 1842, in New York city; was graduated 
 
THE MINISTRY. 567 
 
 at tlie Kansas State University in 1880, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 3, 1883, by First Ohio, and or- 
 dained Oct. 14, '84, by Monongahela; pastor at Noblestown, 
 Pa., Oct. 14, 1884-Sept. 22, '85; Mt. Ayr, la., Jan., 1887- 
 SCOTT, George Washington: 
 
 Son of the Rev. G. W. Scott, native missionary in India; 
 was born in 1857 in Sialkot, North India; was educated at 
 Westminster College and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 13, 1880, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 12, '82, by Brookville, and passed in Ap., 1883, to the Ref. 
 Presbyterian Ch., and has returned to India. 
 SCOTT, John, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 4, 1807, at Jedburgh, Scotland, and came 
 to the U. S. in 1818. After attaining his majority he spent 
 nearly ten years in hard work as a stone-cutter in building 
 locks upon the canals in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and in 
 lumbering in the cypress swamps in the Lower Mississippi. 
 Having concluded to study for the ministry, he took a partial 
 course in Franklin, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 22, 1842, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Sept. 
 I9,'43, by the same; pastor of Robinson and Monteurs, Sept., 
 1843-July, '45; sailed Aug. 25, '45, by appointment of Synod, 
 for the Island of Trinidad, where he arrived on the 21st of 
 Sept. After a few months' residence he was assurred by his 
 physician that his health could not possibly bear the demands 
 of the climate, and that he should return immediately. He 
 and Mr. Banks closed the mission premises, left the island, 
 and arrived at Boston on the 6th of the following May. His 
 old congregations in Washington Co., Pa., recalled him, but 
 he declined. He performed very profitable missionary work 
 in Southern Iowa until the spring of '48, when, for a year, he 
 took charge of the little church in Keokuk, and in the autumn 
 of '49 was installed pastor of Henderson, Warren Co., 111., 
 which he retained until '66. In 1858 he was elected Prof, 
 of Ch. History in the Theo. Sem. at Monmouth, and con- 
 tinued to discharge the duties of this office until this Sem. 
 was united with that at Xenia, when he was retired upon an 
 annual pension of $800. 
 
 He possessed a mind of great clearness and strength, and 
 
568 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 had made very large attainments in theological knowledge. 
 He was always decided, prompt and courageous in presenting 
 and defending the truth. When preparing for college he at- 
 tended a temperance meeting in the Huntsville, O., church 
 and made a speech against total abstinence. He was imme- 
 diately complimented by some drimken roughs, which led 
 him to reflect upon his position, and he concluded that views 
 upon this matter which were specially pleasing to that class 
 of people could not be right, and he signed the pledge. While 
 in Washington, la., a braggart Universalist preacher appeared 
 and challenged any one to a debate upon the final salvation 
 of all men. The citizens selected Dr. Scott to meet him. 
 The debate lasted two days and a half, when the challenger 
 acknowledged defeat and withdrew. Dr. Scott, however, 
 was not through, and he continued his side of the debate 
 two days longer. 
 
 He died at Monmouth, Aug. 4, 1877, and of no particular 
 disease; he gradually wore out. His natural cheerfulness and 
 strong faith sustained him until near the end. On the day 
 before his death Satan took the advantage of his weak and 
 prostrate condition and made his last assault, and tempted 
 him sorely until he cried out: "Oh, that I could believe." 
 Many passages of Scripture were read to him, and he seemed 
 to grow calmer, but still in great gloom and filled with 
 anxiety. Then the words of our Lord to Peter were repeated 
 to him: "I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not." 
 Fear seemed to be dispelled, and after a little while he looked 
 up and said: "The Lord's faithfulness has brought me back," 
 and he assured those about him that he had perfect peace. 
 At last he suffered greatly, not from acute pain, but from 
 the distressing depression of weariness and nervous exhaus- 
 tion, until he exclaimed, "Oh, what shall I do? "Oh, for 
 rest in Christ!" The Lord had pity on him, and gave His 
 beloved sleep. 
 SCOTT, John Culbertson: 
 
 Was born Sept. 29, 1850, in Jefferson Co., Ind. ; was grad- 
 uated at Hanover in 1873, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 8, 1875, by Indiana Pres., and ordained Ap. 26, 
 '80, by First New York; pastor in Hoboken, N. J., Ap. 26, 
 1880-July 13, '85. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 569 
 
 SCOTT, John Preston, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born May 8, 1830, at New Scottsville, Beaver Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1850, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed June 14, 1853, ^Y Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Jan. 31, '55, by Richland; pastor of Millersburg 
 and Keene, O., Jan., 1855-Sept., '59; in Detroit, Mich., Nov. 
 30, 1859-Jan. 29, '78; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is pas- 
 tor at lycbanon, O. 
 SCOTT, Robert*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 7, 1830, in Strathaven, Scotland; was edu- 
 cated in literature and theology in Glasgow; was licensed 
 Jan. 8, 1856, by the United Presbyterian Pres. of Glasgow, 
 and ordained Nov. 16, '60, by the Pres. of Ottawa, Canada; 
 was a pastor in Canada for fourteen years; came to the U. S., 
 and was pastor of Jane street. New York, May 4, 1875, until, 
 his death. He died July 19, 1877, of paralysis. 
 
 SCOTT, Thomas AnCxEla: 
 
 Was born Oct. 27, 1843, i^ London, Ontario, Canada; was, 
 graduated at Westminster in 1866, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny and Monmouth; was licensed Mar. 23, 1869, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained Nov. 2, '69, by Cleveland;, 
 was pastor at New Lisbon, O., Nov., 1869-Mar. 18, '72; pas- 
 tor of Burlington, Otsego Co., N. Y., June 30, 1874-Jan. 9, 
 '87. In 1879 ^ "^'^ organization at Garrettsville, six miles, 
 south, composed largely of his previous members, was for- 
 mally recognized as part of his charge; Port Huron, Mich., 
 since Jan. 30, 1887. 
 SCOTT, Theodore L. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 21, 1847, in Middle Lancaster, Butler Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1873, ^^^^ studied theol- 
 ogy at Monmouth and Newburgh; was licensed in Ap., 1874, 
 by First New York Pres., and ordained Aug. 26, '74, by 
 Beaver Valley; sailed soon after as a missionary to India, and 
 is stationed at Jhelum, North India. 
 
 SCOULLER, James Brown, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Brother of Dr. John Y. ; was born July 12, 1820, near New- 
 ville, Cumberland Co., Pa.; was graduated at Dickinson in 
 1839, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 36 
 
•570 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 19, 1842, by Big Spring Pres. ; S. S. St. Louis i842-'3; or- 
 dained Nov. 13, '44, by New York; pastor of the Second 
 Asso. Ref. congregation (now Fourth United Presbyterian) in 
 Philadelphia, Nov., 1844-Dec., '46; of Cuylerville, Living- 
 ston Co., N. Y., Jan., 1847-Ap., '52. Both of these congre- 
 gations were organized by him. Was pastor of Argyle, Wash- 
 ington Co., N. Y., May 31, 1852-Mar. 31, '62; was editor of 
 Christian Instructor^ Philadelphia, Ap. , 1862-Ap., '63. Ill 
 health compelled him to retire from all active labors to New- 
 ville, Pa., where he has ever since resided. Publications: 
 History of the Inhabitants of Mt. Lebanon, in Syria, 1845; A 
 Fourth of July Address, 1847; Two Lyceum Addresses, 1847- 
 '8; The Revolution of 1848 in Europe, a New Year Sermon, 
 1849; Growth in Grace, a Sermon, Associate Reformed Pul- 
 pit, Vol. I; Requisites for a Successful Ministry, an Address 
 at the close of the session of the Newburgh Seminary, 1854; 
 The Origin of the English Race, a Lyceum Lecture, 1854; 
 History of the Associate Reformed Congregation in Lisbon, 
 St. Lawrence co. , N. Y., 1855; Forty Letters from Abroad, 
 principally from Italy and Egypt, i86o-'i; Assurance of 
 Salvation, five articles; a series of papers on Christian Experi- 
 ence; The Temptation of Jesus, a Lecture; History of the 
 Associate Reformed Synod of New York, pp. 43, 1877; His- 
 tory of the United Presbyterian Church of Big Spring, at 
 Newville, Pa., pp. 45, 1878; History of the Big Spring Pres- 
 bytery, pp. 126, 1879; History of Mifflin Township and of the 
 Borough of Newville, in Scott's Quarto History of Cumber- 
 land County, Pa., 1879; Biographical Sketches of Early Asso- 
 ciate Reformed Ministers, i879-'8o; History of the Presby- 
 tery of Argyle, pp. 166, 1880; History of Patronage in the 
 Church of Scotland, Repository, 1880; A Manual of the 
 United Presbyterian Church, 8vo., pp. 648, 1881; History of 
 the Associate and Associate Reformed Churches in Cyclopedia 
 Britannica, Amer. edition, 1883; and on a variety of subjects 
 in the church papers, 1844-87. 
 -SCOULLER, John Crawford: 
 
 Son of Dr. J. Y., as born Nov. 3, 1858, in Fair Haven, O, ; 
 ■was graduated at Washington and Jefferson in 1880, and 
 •studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 27, 1882, 
 
THE MINSITRY. 571 
 
 by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Sept. 18, '83, by Wheel- 
 ing; pastor at Uniontown, O., since ordination. 
 
 SCOULLER, John Young, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 13, 1816, near Newville, Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1841, and studied theology at Alleghenyj 
 was licensed May i, 1844, by the Big Spring Pres., and or- 
 dained July 21, '47, by First Ohio; has been pastor of Fair- 
 haven, Preble Co., O., since his ordination; was Moderator of 
 the General Assembly of 1873. 
 
 SCRIMGEOUR, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1757 near Edinburgh, Scotland; was graduated 
 at the Edinburgh University in 1777, and greatly distinguished 
 for his classical attainments, and studied theology five years 
 with John Brown, of Haddington; was licensed in Ap., 1782, 
 by the Burgher Pres. of Edinburgh; in 1784 was ordained 
 and installed as pastor of the Burgher congregation at North 
 Berwick. He was a popular preacher and labored with suc- 
 cess until 1794, when he was shocked and depressed in both 
 body and mind by some circumstances connected with his 
 father's death, and was compelled to resign his charge. Wheu 
 his health was somewhat recruited he became the superin- 
 tendent of a theological book-store in Edinburgh, and sup- 
 plied neighboring churches occasionally. In 1802 he came 
 to this country with Dr. J. M. Mason, and joined the Asso. 
 Ref. Pres. of New York; was pastor at Newburgh, N. Y. 
 from Aug. 11, 1803, till Jan. 24, '12, when he was transferred 
 to the charge of Eittle Britain, a few miles out in the country, 
 where he remained until the summer of 1824, when the in- 
 firmities of age compelled him to resign. He died Feb. 4, 
 1825. He was six feet high, of good presence, and possessed 
 a deep, rich voice, which remained unimpaired to the last, 
 notwithstanding the enormous quantities of snuff which he 
 took, for he often preached with his "mull" in hand. He 
 was a rich and instructive, even attractive preacher. His 
 sermons were modeled after those of his theological preceptor, 
 a nice skeleton filled out almost entirely with Scripture quo- 
 tations. Although very solemn in the pulpit, he would some- 
 times say and do ludicrous things without regarding them as 
 
572 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 such and without losing his own seriousness. He once ob- 
 served one of his hearers in a profound slumber, when he 
 stopped in his sermon and asked a parishioner sitting near to 
 wake him up. The nudge, however, was so gentle as-. to 
 make no impression on his somnolent neighbor. The good 
 pastor, perceiving how the case stood, exclaimed with the 
 greatest gravity and the broadest Scotch: ^^S/iak him, Daw- 
 vid, shak him." His only publication is a Sermon in the 
 Asso. Ref Pulpit, Vol. II., entitled: "Christ Forsaken on 
 the Cross." 
 
 SCROGGS, Elijah Newton (A.)*: 
 
 The youngest son in a family of twenty-one children; was 
 born July 22, 1786, on the Big Spring, south of Newville, Pa. ; 
 was educated at Canonsburg, and studied theology with Dr. 
 Anderson at Service; was licensed Aug. 25, 1819, by Ohio 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. i, '20, by the same. He was at his 
 ordination installed as pastor of W. Beaver, Long's Run and 
 Four Mile Square, in Columbiana and Carroll counties, O., 
 and Beaver Co., Pa. He afterward organized the congrega- 
 tion of Scroggsfield, called after him, and added it to his 
 charge. His charge was subsequently rearranged and he 
 confined his labors to Four Mile Square and W. Union or 
 Calcutta until Ap., '49, when he was released from the 
 former, and died Dec. 20, 1851, in [the pastorate of the 
 latter. 
 
 SCP.OGGS, Joseph, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Nephew of the Rev. Elijah; was born Mar. i, 1793, near 
 Newville, Pa. ; when eight years old his parents moved to 
 Washington Co. ; was graduated with honor at Jefferson in 
 1809 at the age of sixteen, and studied theology with Dr. 
 Anderson at Service; was licensed in Oct., 1813, by the Ohio 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 18, 1815, by Chartiers; was installed 
 at his ordination as pastor of the congregations of Fairfield 
 and Donegal, in Westmoreland Co., Pa., and so continued 
 until Sept. 3, 1872, when he resigned after a pastorate of 
 fifty-seven years, although he continued to supply these con- 
 gregations until his death, which took place on the 21st of 
 the following Ap. Intellectually, morally, spiritually and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 573 
 
 ministerially, Dr. Scroggs was very much more than ordi- 
 nary, and he also possessed wonderful physical powers. He 
 had so rich a vein of wit and humor that it was said of him 
 that he did not like any man who could not appreciate a joke. 
 His conversational powers were also of the first order. 
 
 SCROGGS, Joseph A. : 
 
 Son of Dr. Joseph; was born July 28, 1836, at Ligonier, 
 Westmoreland Co. , Pa. ; was educated partly at Westminster 
 and partly at home with his father, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Feb. 23, 1874, by Xenia 
 Pres., and ordained Mar. 27, '80, by Tennessee. Before 
 studying for the ministry he was for years a teacher, and 
 also a soldier during nearly all the period of our civil war. 
 Pastor at Madison, Westmoreland Co., Pa., Oct. 25, 1881- 
 Sept. 4, '83. 
 SEATON, Thomas McCain*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 13, 1829, ^^^ Butler Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1858, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Nov. 14, 1861, by Butler Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 28, '63, by the same; was pastor of Worthington and Rich 
 Hill, Armstrong Co., Ap., 1863-May 4, '70; died Sept. 16, 
 1 87 1, from consumption. 
 
 SERVICE, John: 
 
 Was born Oct. 9, 1825, in Ireland; was educated classically 
 and theologically in Airdale, England; was licensed and or- 
 dained at Belfast on the same day in Ap., 1854, by the Irish 
 Evangelical Society (Congregational). Labored as a mis- 
 sionary to the Roman Catholics in the south and west of Ire- 
 land Ap., 1854-Mar., '59; came to the U. S. , and was installed 
 pastor of a new congregation in 29th St., New York, Feb. 17, 
 i860, and in the autumn of the same year the West 44th St. 
 congregation was added; resigned in Ap., '61; pastor of New 
 Kingston, Delaware Co., N. Y., spring of 1862-Mar., '67; 
 Barnet, Vt, fall of 1868-Mar. 8, ''']']\ Lisbon, St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., June 15, 1877-Sept. 19, '84. United with the 
 Presbyterian Ch. , and is in Orange Co., N. Y. 
 
 SHAFER, Alexander Geary (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 11, 1817, in Beaver Co. , Pa.; was educated 
 
574 '^^'^ MINISTRY. 
 
 at the Frankfort academy, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 31, 1846, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained Aug. 3 '47, by the same; was pastor at Deer Creek, 
 Allegheny Co., Pa., from ordination until his death, which 
 occurred July i, j868, from lightning. 
 
 SHAND, Alexander M. D., LL. B. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. i, 1808, in Dundee, Scotland; was gradu- 
 ated at St. Andrews about 1830, and studied theology with 
 Dr. Alex. Symington of Paisley; was licensed by the Re- 
 formed Presbyterian Pres., and soon afterwards joined the 
 Scotch Independents, and subsequently the United Secession. 
 In 1838, he came to the U. S., and was ordained July 23, 
 '39, by Washington Pres. (A. R.), and was pastor at Hebron, 
 N. Y., July 1839-N0V. '50; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 preached for a time at Sharpsburg, near Pittsburg. Studied 
 law and took the degree of LL. B. , went to Michigan and 
 joined the Episcopal Ch., and was located in Detroit. Grad- 
 uated in the Medical Department of the University at Ann 
 Arbor in 1862; made violent rebel speeches, and was twice 
 arrested by the military authority; went home to Scotland, 
 and preached for a short time in the Scotch Episcopal Ch., 
 then joined the Independents and returned to this country, 
 where he joined the Congregationalists and preached some in 
 New Jersey; returned to Scotland, and connected himself 
 with the Established Kirk, and was sent out in 1876, to 
 supply a church in Canada, but soon returned to Scotland, 
 and died at Girvan, March 20, 188 1. 
 
 SHANNON, John Addison: 
 
 Was born, Ap. i, 1856, at Mercer, Pa.; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1877, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed. May 3, 1881, by Mercer Pres., and ordained, Dec. 
 5, '83, by Garnett; S. S. at McCune, Crawford Co., Kan., 
 1883-4; pastor Richland, Linn Co., Kan., Nov. 18, 1884- 
 Oct. 4, '86. 
 
 SHANKLAND, James Alexander: 
 
 Was born Nov. 16, 1818, in S. Argyle, Washington co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1844, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed July 17, 1849, by Cambridge 
 
THE MINISTRY. 575 
 
 Pres. An affection of the lungs in '51 threw him aside from 
 the ministry for six or seven years; was ordained Ap. 11, '60, 
 by Chicago Pres. ; was S. S. at Rock Run and Shannon, 111., 
 i859-'6i; was S. S. , and pastor at Yorkville, Racine Co., 
 Wis., i86i-Mar. '70; pastor at Verona, Dane Co., Wis., July, 
 1870-July, '73; S. S. of North Page, Page Co., la., Oct. 1873 
 -July, '76; was missionary at Fairview and Dunbar, Neb.^ 
 i876-'9. 
 
 SHARP, Alexander D. D., (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 12, 1796, near Newville, Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Jefferson in 1820, and studied theology in New York 
 with Dr. Mason until the suspension of the Seminary, and 
 finished with Dr. Riddell; was licensed in the spring of 1823 
 by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Sept. 8, '24, by the 
 same; was installed Sept. 29 as pastor of Big Spring, at New- 
 ville, and of Chambersburg, Pa. ; resigned the latter Sept. i r, 
 '28; gave one-third of his time to Shippensburg i838-'48, 
 but retained the pastorate of Big Spring until his death Jan. 
 28, 1857. He was elected Prof of Theology to succeed Dr. 
 Joseph Kerr, but declined. He was a man of good presence, 
 of excellent mind and judgment, and exerted a strong influ- 
 ence in the community and the church. In his latter days 
 he became very much interested in prophecy, and lectured 
 upon several of the books in the Old Testament and upon the 
 Revelation, and left a large amount of manuscript upon this 
 subject. Publications: Three Sermons in the Asso. Ref. 
 Pulpit. 
 
 SHARP, James P. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 5, 1845, ^^ Berlin, Holmes Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Washington and Jefferson in 1867, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 10, 1869, by Mans- 
 field Pres., and ordained Sept., 27, '70, by Frankford; was 
 installed at ordination as pastor of Raccoon and Ohio; re- 
 signed the latter June 15, ^jt,^ and the former May, '83, Sid- 
 ney, O., July 3, 1883. 
 
 SHARP, Joseph Jonathan: 
 
 Was born July 5, 1841, in Lawrence Co., Pa. ; was educated 
 at Westminster, and studied at Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 
 
576 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 7, 1886, by Westmoreland Pres. , and ordained June 28, '87, 
 by Beaver Valley ; pastor at Mt. Jackson since ordination. 
 
 SHAW, John Alexander: 
 
 Was born Sept. 8, 1858, at Bellecenter, Logan Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1885, and studied theology 
 at Xenia, and Union, N. Y. ; was licensed Jan. 18, 1887, by 
 New York Pres., and ordained Sept. 13, '87, by the same; 
 pastor in Newark, N. J. since ordination. 
 
 SHAW, David Edwin: 
 
 Grandson of Rev. W. Conner; was born Aug. 27, 1850, 
 near Turtle Creek, Allegheny Co., Pa.; was graduated at 
 Princeton in 1870, and studied theology at Allegheny and in 
 New College, Edinburgh, Scotland; was licensed Ap. 16, 
 1873, by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained Ap. 11, '76, by 
 Keokuk; pastor in Keokuk, la., Ap. 11, 1876-June, '85; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is Prof, of Theology in 
 Lincoln University, Pa. 
 
 SHAW, Joseph LL. D. (A.)* 
 
 Was born in 1778, in the parish of Rattray, Perthshire, 
 Scotland; was graduated at Edinburgh University in 1794 
 when only sixteen years old, and where Robertson, Blair, 
 Playfair, Dugald Stewart, etc., were his instructors. He 
 never ceased to regret commencing his collegiate course at so 
 early a period, before his faculties were sufficiently developed 
 to enable him to take the full advantage of all the instruction 
 which he there enjoj'ed. He studied theology for five years 
 in the Asso. Hall under Mr. Bruce, of Whitburn, and was 
 licensed in 1799. When Mr. Marshall died, the church in 
 Philadelphia applied to the General Asso. Synod of Scotland 
 for a successor, and he was unanimously recommended. In 
 1805 he came to this country and commenced his labors in 
 Philadelphia, although not ordained and installed until Nov. 
 6, 1806. In 1809 he went to Guinston, York Co., to hold a 
 communion, and was taken with an influenza prevalent there, 
 which so affected his lungs that he was unable to preach for 
 several years, and in 1810 resigned his charge. He was Prof, 
 of Languages in Dickinson College, i8i3-'i5; was Prof, of 
 Languages in the famous Academy in Albany, N. Y., from 
 
THE MINISTRY. 577 
 
 1815 until his death. While on a visit to Philadelphia he 
 died in Aug., 1824, at the house of Archibald Mclntyre, from 
 inflammation of the stomach. 
 
 Dr. Shaw was in person short and thick, and firmly built, 
 and possessed a mind of superior order, more solid than bril- 
 liant, and was highly cultivated. His manner in the pulpit 
 was uncommonly quiet and unpretending, and to the multi- 
 tude by no means pleasing, while his sermons were written 
 with remarkable care in respect to both sentiment and style, 
 and were always relished by intelligent and reflecting hearers. 
 Publications: Four or five Sermons at different times, and a 
 Series of Dissertations on the Sanctification of the Church 
 and the Gospel Ministry, in the Monitor. 
 
 SHAW, Joseph (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1816 in Brown Co., O. ; was educated at 
 Franklin, and studied theology privately; was licensed May 
 29, 1839, by the Reformed Dissenting Pres., and ordained in 
 '40 by the same. In Ap. , 1843, ^^ ^"^ ^^^ congregations 
 joined the Chartiers Pres. of the Asso. Ch., when the validity 
 of his ordination was called in question, because the Presby- 
 tery which ordained him was composed of only one minister 
 and two ruling elders. The Synod decided that the ordina- 
 tion, although irregular, was valid. At his ordination he 
 was installed pastor of Three Ridges and the Heads of Wheel- 
 ing; on the 5th of Sept., '43, Wheeling was added to his 
 charge. He resigned Oct. 5, '52, and in the spring of '53 
 moved to Bellefontaine, O., and united with the Presbyterian 
 Ch., and conducted a high school. Died in Dec, 1875. 
 
 SHAW, Samuel Julius: 
 
 Brother of David E. ; was born Mar. 28, 1853, ^^^^ Turtle 
 Creek, Allegheny Co., Pa.; was graduated at Princeton in 
 1873, ^^^ studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 
 10, 1877, ^y Allegheny Pres., and ordained Sept. 2, '79, by 
 Westmoreland; pastor at Braddock's Field since ordination. 
 
 SHAW, Thomas Alfred: 
 
 Brother of W. E. ; was born Aug. 6, 1854, near Erwin, 
 Westmoreland, Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Wooster Univer- 
 sity in 1882, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 
578 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Sept. 25, 1883, by Des Moines Pres., and ordained June 10, 
 '84, by the same; pastor at Des Moines since ordination. 
 
 SHAW, William Ekin: 
 
 Nephew of Dr. J. Ekin; was born July 24, 1845, near 
 Turtle Creek, Allegheny Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Mon- 
 mouth in 1872, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Mar. 30, 1875, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 Jan. 18, '76, by Beaver Valley; pastor of Neshannock and 
 Oak Grove, Jan., 1876-Sept. 17, '78; pastor at Monroe, la., 
 since Nov. 5, 1879. 
 
 SHAW, William Patton: 
 
 Was born Mar. 10, 1827, ^^ Lawrence Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1854, the first graduate of that insti- 
 tution, and studied theology in the Ref Pres. Sem. at Xenia 
 under Drs. G. McMasters and H. McMillen; was licensed Ap. 
 5, 1854, by the Pittsburgh Pres., (R. P.,) having studied 
 theology mainly before going to college, and ordained Aug. 
 30> '55) by the Ref Presbyterian Pres. of Chicago; pastor of 
 Mt. Vernon and Red Oak, in la., with the supervision of the 
 missions at Washington, Morning Sun and Andrew, Aug., 
 1855-Oct., '56; New Richland, Logan Co., O., May, 1857- 
 May 25, '64; Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Dec. 7, 1864- 
 May 12, '69; joined the United Presbyterian Church, Sept. 
 14, 1869, and was pastor at Noblestown, Allegheny Co., Pa., 
 June 28, '70-Mar. 30, '75; pastor of Holyoke and West 
 Liberty, Butler Co., since June 25, 1877. 
 
 SHEARER, James: 
 
 Was born in central Ohio; was graduated at Franklin in 
 1853, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed June 
 19, 1855, by Chartiers Pres., and adhered to the residuary 
 Asso. Synod at the union of 1858, and was ordained Oct. 13, 
 1858, by the Indiana Pres. of that Synod, and ministered for 
 a time at Carmel, Ind. ; joined the Keokuk Pres. of the United 
 Presbyterian Ch. in 1871; was S. S. at Pleasant Grove, la., 
 1874-6, and resides at Albia, la., without charge. 
 SHEPHERD, Jacob R. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born and educated in Holland, and licensed by the 
 "True Reformed Ch. of Holland," which seceded from the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 579 
 
 Established Ch. in 1837. In 1851 lie was received by the 
 Asso. Ref. Pres. of Michigan, and ordained as a missionary 
 to his fellow countrymen around Holland, Ottawa Co., Mich., 
 and thus labored for thirteen or fourteen years; he then sup- 
 plied a year each in Layfayette and Idaville, Ind., and in Ap., 
 1869, was transferred by certificate to the "True Reformed 
 Ch. of Holland in the United States." 
 
 SHERIFF, Robert (A. R)*: 
 
 Was an Irishman by birth and education; came to Canada 
 and then to the U. S., and was received Oct. 29, 1802, by the 
 Asso. Ref, Pres. of Washington as a student of theology, 
 and after studying under its care and delivering the usual 
 trials, it was resolved Feb. 24, 1804, "That as Mr. Sheriff 
 has been formerly licensed by another Presbytery, and has 
 given general satisfaction, the Presbytery now recognize him 
 as a licentiate under their care, and as such give him appoint- 
 ments to preach the gospel." He was ordained Feb. 7, 1805, 
 by Washington Pres. ; was pastor at Lisbon, St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., Feb., 1805-Mar. 2, '08, when he passed to the 
 Secession Ch. in Canada, where he died in the summer of 
 1822. 
 
 SHERRARD, John Andrew: 
 
 Was born in 1854 in Cambridge, Guernsey Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Muskingum in 1876, and studied theology at 
 Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 16, 1879, by Mus- 
 kingum Pres., and ordained Sept. 22, '79, by West Missouri; 
 pastor of Centerview Sept. 14, i88c)-Oct. i, '82; Savannah, 
 O., June 12, 1883-Oct. 22, '84; Troy and Smithfield, Mich., 
 June 30, 1885. 
 
 SHERRARD, Robert Mahafey: 
 
 Was born at Cambridge, Guernsey Co. , O. ; was graduated 
 at Muskingum in 1876, and studied theology at Xenia and 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 16, 1879, by Muskingum Pres., 
 and ordained May 10, '81, by College Springs; pastor of 
 Blanchard and Coin, Page Co., la., from ordination; resigned 
 Coin Ap. I28, '83, and Blanchard Dec. i, '84; Commerce, 
 Mich., Oct. 27, 1885- 
 
580 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 SHIELDS, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 11, 1812, in Pittsburgh; was graduated at 
 the Western University in 1830, and studied theology one 
 year under the Rev. Mungo Dick, and two years with Dr. 
 Pressly; was licensed Ap. 2, 1834, by the Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained June 18, '35, by Big Spring; was pastor of Fer- 
 managh (now Mexico) and Tuscarora, Juniata Co., Pa., from 
 his ordination until his death. In the spring of 1862 his 
 health failed him, and about the first of Aug. he started for 
 Minnesota, hoping to gain some benefit from its pure and 
 bracing air. But on the journey he grew worse, so that when 
 he had reached Prarie du Chien, Wis. , he was compelled to 
 stop, and there, after a fortnight of severe illness, died on the 
 19th of Aug. He was not gifted with fluency of utterance, 
 but possessed a good mind, clear and logical; was very fond 
 of good books and cultured companions, and made good use 
 of both, so that as a writer he was decidedly above the aver- 
 age minister, both in style and matter. His great modesty 
 and diffidence prevented him from taking any prominent 
 part in public meetings. 
 
 SHILAND, Andrew D. D., (A.): 
 
 Was born July 4, 1820, in Cambridge, N. Y. ; educated at 
 Union and studied theology at Princeton; was licensed in 
 1846, by the Second Pres., of Cambridge, and ordained Nov. 
 25, '47, by New York; was pastor of a small church in Phila- 
 delphia i847-'8; of Second Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., 
 i849-'53; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is now without 
 charge in New York City. 
 
 SHORTT, William Benjamin (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 21, 1826, in county Armagh, Ireland; was 
 graduated at the Royal College in Belfast, and studied the- 
 ology there and at Newburgh, N. Y. ; was licensed Sept. 27, 
 1850, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Dec. 13, '53, by 
 Washington; pastor in Cambridge, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1853- 
 July 2, '86; was delegate to the Presbyterian Council of 1884. 
 
 SHRADER, John Andrew: 
 
 Was born near Butler, Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster 
 in 1876, and studied theology at Allegheny, and one year in 
 
THE MINISTRY. 581 
 
 Edinburgh, Scotland; was licensed May 7, 1879, by Butler 
 Pres., and ordained Feb. 7, '82, by Frankfort: pastor of New 
 Bethlehem, Beaver Co. , since ordination. 
 
 SIMPSON, Elihu Calvin: 
 
 Was born Aug. 6, 1849, ^t Morning Sun, Preble Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1871, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Mar. 19, 1873, by 
 Tennessee Pres., and ordained May 5, '74, by First Ohio; 
 pastor at Richmond, Ind., from ordination to Sept. 13, 1881; 
 of Hamilton, O., since Ap. 25, 1882. 
 
 SIMPSON, Thomas R., M. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 12, 1816, in Philadelphia; was educated at 
 Lafayette and Washington Colleges; studied medicine at Jef- 
 ferson and Pennsylvania Medical Colleges, and theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed July 21, 1843, t>y Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 10, '44, by Philadelphia; pastor ot Carlisle 
 and Petersburg, Pa., Oct., i844-'55; of Yellow Creek, Jef- 
 ferson Co., O., i856-'6i; S. S. of the Yellow Creek Mission 
 till '65; of Jefferson and New Market, Harrison Co., O., 1865- 
 '70; now resides in Allegheny City without charge. 
 
 SINCLAIR, James (A. R.): 
 
 Was born and educated and ordained in Ireland in connec- 
 tion with the Ref. Pres. Ch. ; was received in Sept. 1849, by 
 the Pres., of New York; supplied at Burlington and other 
 places in the Saratoga Pres., for two years, and then moved 
 to Canada. 
 
 SINCLAIR, Matthew (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1763 in York Co., Pa.; was graduated at 
 Dickinson in 1788, and studied theology with Dr. Nesbit, 
 Pres. of the College; was licensed Ap. 13, 1791, by the Pres., 
 of Pennsylvania, and ordained, sine titiilo^ Aug. 20, '92, by 
 the same. He died Mar. 16, 1793, at Salem, Washington co., 
 N. Y. He and the Rev. John Young were boys together, 
 classmates in college and in their theological studies; were 
 licensed the same day, and ordained at the same time, and 
 married sisters, daughters of Elder George Clark, of Green- 
 castle, Pa. 
 
582 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 SKELUE, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 28, 1807, in Argyle, Washington Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1834, and studied theology at 
 Newburgh; was licensed June 4, 1839, by Caledonia, and or- 
 dained sine titulo^ June 21, '41, by the same; was S. S. at 
 Caledonia, Mich,; at Howard, in Steuben Co., N. Y. ; joined 
 the Second Asso. Pres., of Cambridge (Bullions) in 1851; re- 
 fused to go into the union of 1858, and declined fraternizing 
 with the residuary Asso. Synod, and thus fell out of all church 
 connection; settled at Mt. Carroll, in Carroll Co., 111., and 
 preached in that county pretty steadily for years to little 
 clusters of people; became ver}' infirm, and died March 22, 
 1882. 
 SLEETH, David M. : 
 
 Was born Dec. 17, 1843, in Londonderry, Guernsey Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1871, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Nov. 11, 1873, by Wheeling Pres., 
 and ordained Dec. 2, '74, by the same; pastor of Caledonia, 
 Richie co., West Va., since ordination. 
 
 SLENTZ, John R. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1819; was graduated at Franklin in 1841, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed in June, 1846, 
 by Ohio Pres., and ordained, sine titiilo^ Nov. 9, '48, by 
 Albany; pastor of Cherry Run, Oakland and Allegheny, in 
 Venango Co., Pa., June 1852-Sept. 23, '56; at Garnett la., 
 i860-' I ; of Cherry Run, Venango Co., Pa., Sept. 3, 1861- 
 Feb. 8, '65; of Carrollton and Connotten, O., 1867-9; Mar- 
 tinsville, Belmont Co., O., Sept. 30, 1870, until his death 
 Sept. 8, 1873. 
 
 SMALL, Edward (A.): 
 
 Was born in Jackson, Washington Co., N. Y. ; was gradu- 
 uated at Union in 1833, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed June 13, 1837, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 Oct., 8, '39, by Shenango; pastor of Springfield and Rocky 
 Spring, Mercer Co., Pa., Oct., 1839-Ap., '61, and is without 
 charge near Mercer. 
 SMALL, Gilbert (A.): 
 
 Was born in Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y. ; was graduated 
 
THE MINISTRY. 583 
 
 at Union in 1849, ^"^ studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed Nov. 15, 1853, by Cambridge Pres., and ordained 
 Nov. I, '56, by Miami; was pastor of N. Liberty, Adams Co., 
 O., Nov., 1856-Oct., '59; was S. S. in Indianopolis, Ind., 
 i860-' 7; pastor at Pittsburgh, Carroll Co., Ind., 1868-9; 
 Burnett's Creek, Ind., 1869-Sept. 25, ''']']\ joined the Presby- 
 terian Ch., and supplies a congregation near Idaville, Ind. 
 
 SMART, James Patterson (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of Dr. John G. ; was born July 14, 1814, in Hunt- 
 ingdon, Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1833, and studied 
 theology at Canonsburg; was licensed July 19, 1837, by Phil- 
 adelphia Pres., and ordained July 9, '39, by Miami; was pas- 
 tor of Massie's Creek, Greene Co., O., from ordination until 
 death, which took place Feb. 28, 1861, from bronchial con- 
 sumption. 
 
 SMART, John Gardner, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Grandson of the Rev. John Smart, who came to this country 
 in 1761 with Drs. Mason and Annan, and returned again to 
 Scotland; was born Aug. 3, 1804, in Huntingdon, Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1822, and studied theology in Phil- 
 adelphia under Dr. Banks, during which time be brought 
 out the first American edition oi Cicero' s Orations^ with notes 
 in English, long known to students as Smart's Cicero. He 
 was licensed Aug. 17, 1826, by the Philadelphia Pres., and 
 ordained Nov. 5, '29, sine titiilo^ by Cambridge; pastor at 
 Johnstown, Fulton Co., N. Y., July 21, 1830-Sept., '37; in 
 Baltimore, Md., May 2, 1838-June, '50; for family reasons he 
 made his home in Coila, Washington Co., N. Y., and sup- 
 plied vacant churches as he had opportunity. He died July 
 18, 1862, while on a visit at a friend's house at Shoreham, 
 Vt. , from inflammation of the bowels, after four days of great 
 suffering. The Smart brothers were very unlike, yet they 
 were equally esteemed for their genuine mental and moral 
 worth. They were both good writers and contributed to the 
 periodic literature of their church. 
 
 SMEALLIE, Alexander Murray: 
 
 Brother of James M. ; was born Jan. 31, 1843, ^^ Princetown, 
 Schenectady Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1867, and 
 
584 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 studied theology at Princeton, N. J. ; was licensed Ap. 2"]^ 
 1870, by Delaware Pres., and ordained Jan. 30, '72, by the 
 same ; pastor at Kortright Centre, Delaware Co. , N. Y. , since 
 ordination. 
 
 SMEALLIE, James M. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born June 12, 1820, in Princeton, Schenectady Co., 
 N. Y. ; was educated at Union, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed and ordained, sine titulo^ on the same 
 day, the 20th of June, 1850; was pastor of Troy and South- 
 field, Oakland Co., Mich., Sept. i, 1852-Mar. 4, '60; at N. 
 Kortright, N. Y., Feb. 19, i86i-'8; at Cabin Hill, same 
 county, June 4, '68, until his death on the 7th of the follow- 
 ing Sept. When near his end and in great suffering he was 
 heard to murmur: "O, faith ! faith ! This is thy trial," and 
 after a pause, he added: "And this is thy triumph," and 
 died. 
 
 SMEALLIE, Peter*: 
 
 Brother of J. M. ; was born in Princetown, Schenectady Co., 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1853, and studied theology 
 privately with the Rev. A. Thomas; was licensed in 1859 t>y 
 Saratoga Pres., and ordained Jan. 2, '66, by Delaware. He 
 devoted his time mainly to teaching in Jackson, Miss., 1853 
 -'5; Principal of the Academy in Johnstown, N. Y., 1855- 
 '64, also of the Collegiate Institute at Andes, N. Y., 1864- 
 '7; died Feb. 4, 1867. 
 
 SMILEY, William Brownlee: 
 
 Was born Dec. 7, 1856, in Robinson Twp., Washington 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated in 1879, at Westminster, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 3, 1881, by Alle- 
 gheny Pres., and ordained Oct. 12, '82, by Chartiers; pastor 
 of Chartiers, Canonsburg, Pa., since ordination. 
 
 SMITH, Alexander: 
 
 Was born Aug. 22, 1831, in county Derry, Ireland; was 
 graduated at Monmouth, in 1865, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 6, 1865, by Monmouth Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 11, '66, by Chicago; was pastor of Shannon 
 and Rock Run, 111., Ap., 1866-Aug. 25; '69; at Port Hope, 
 in Ontario, Canada, May 4, 1870-May 2, '71; Northwood, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 585 
 
 O., Feb. 26, 1872-Dec. 19, '76; Paterson, N. J., since Dec. 
 4, 1877. 
 
 SMITH, Grorge Buchanan: 
 
 Was born in 1856, at Youngstown, O. ; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1882, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 14, 1885, by Cleveland, and ordained May 
 
 17, '87, by Steubenville; pastor at Salineville, O., since or- 
 dination. 
 
 SMITH, James DouCxREy: 
 
 Was born Nov. 6, 1837, in Marshall, Calhoun Co., Mich.; 
 was reared in the Episcopal church, and made a profession of 
 religion in i860, in the United Presbyterian congregation of 
 Chicago; was graduated at Monmouth in 1866, and studied 
 theology at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 3, 1868, by Mon- 
 mouth Pres., and ordained Ap. 13, '70, by Chicago; was pas- 
 tor of Hanover, Jo Daviess Co., 111., Oct. 17, 1870-Nov. 9, 
 '78; Arlington and Caledonia, Columbia Co., Wis., 1882. 
 Publication: History of the United Presbyterian Congrega- 
 tion of Hanover, 111. 
 
 SMITH, James Nelson (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 2, 1822, near Wooster, O. ; was educated at 
 Franklin, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 Nov. 7, 1850, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Dec. 2, 
 '51, by Shenango; was pastor of Portersville, Butler Co., Pa., 
 i853-'57. He went west and commenced a missionary work 
 of his own; commenced preaching in Ap., 1857, in the 
 vicinity of Berea, Kan. ; organized a congregation in Feb. 
 1858, and in Oct., '60, commenced serving Garnett in con- 
 nection with Berea; in Oct., '69, resigned Berea and gave his 
 whole time to Garnett until June, '74, when he resigned; was 
 pastor at Edgerton, Kan., Ap. i, 1876 — Oct., '81; died Jan. 
 
 18, 1882. 
 
 SMITH, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in the year 1747, near Sterling, in Scotland; was 
 graduated at the University of Glasgow, and studied theology 
 with the younger Moncrieff at Alloa. He was ordained in 
 1769 by the Asso. Pres. of Sterling, with a view of going as 
 a missionary to America. In the late autumn of 1770 he and 
 37 
 
586 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 John Rodgers sailed for this country, not only as mission- 
 aries, but also as commissioners from the Asso. Anti-Burgher 
 Synod to the Pres. of Pennsylvania, which was under its care. 
 On the 9th of June, 1767, this Presbytery had admitted David 
 Telfair and Alexander Kinlock to membership without re- 
 quiring them to renounce their connection with the Burgher 
 Church. The S}"nod condemned this action, and charged the 
 departing missionaries to require the Presbytery to annul it 
 and to obliterate the minute of it, and failing to do so to or- 
 ganize a new Presbytery. On the 4th of June, 1771, they 
 met with the Presbytery at Pequea, Pa., and gave in their 
 credentials and instructions, and the Presbytery made some 
 apology for their course and promised to be more discreet in 
 the future, but refused to annul the past or to obliterate the 
 minute. The new missionaries were satisfied and took their 
 seats. Before the year was out Mr. Smith received calls from 
 Guinston, York Co., and Middle Octoraro, Lancaster Co., 
 Pa. This latter he accepted and was installed May 6, 1772. 
 Mr. Henderson's removal to Chartiers, in Washington Co., 
 left Oxford vacant, and upon the 19th of Mar. 1783, Mr. 
 Smith added it to his charge, and at the same time Mr. 
 Cuthbertson resigned the charge of the Covenanter, congrega- 
 tion of Octoraro, and it coalesced with Mr. Smith's, and he 
 henceforth used their stone church, which was a mile north 
 of the old Seceder one. 
 
 Mr. Smith was one of the earliest and most zealous advo- 
 cates of a union with the Reformed Presbyterians, and at- 
 tended all the conventions which for five years were held 
 to bring about this event, and voted for it in his Presbytery 
 in June, 1782, when the thing was finally consummated. 
 Smarting under some disappointments in the autumn of 1794, 
 he repudiated the Asso. Ref. Ch., or as the Synod recorded 
 it, "broke off in a clandestine, irregular and schismatical 
 manner all connection with this Synod." This terminated 
 his pastoral relations with his charge. In 1795 or 1796 he 
 united with the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania, and in Nov., 
 1796, was installed as pastor of Chartiers and Peter's Creek, 
 in Washington Co., Pa., as the successor of his old neighbor, 
 Matthew Henderson. This relation with the Chartiers 
 
THE MINISTRY. 587 
 
 branch was terminated Jan. 21, 1802, upon their own petition. 
 Charges of immorality and disobedience to ecclesiastial au- 
 thority were soon afterwards preferred against him, and on 
 the 31st of Aug., 1803, he was suspended by the Chartiers 
 Pres. for contumacy, as he would not answer at their bar. 
 This terminated his pastoral supervision of Peter's Creek, 
 He appealed his case to Synod, which, in May, 1804, re- 
 moved the sentence of suspension and administered a rebuke, 
 and appointed him as S. S. to a very promising mission in 
 Alexandria, in the District of Columbia, and renewed the 
 appointment in the meeting of 1805. In the autumn of 1805 
 he was compelled to leave Alexandria, because of gross scan- 
 dals which not only injured his influence for good, but finally 
 destroyed the mission. For these scandals, which involved 
 a disregard of the Seventh Commandment, he was put on 
 trial by the Pres. of Philadelphia, and after various Presby- 
 terial processes, and the advice of Synod, was in Nov., 1806, 
 deposed from the ministry, and excommunicated from the 
 fellowship of the church. Pie continued to reside upon a 
 little farm in the vicinity of Canonsburg until his death, 
 which occurred suddenly from heart disease on the 25th of 
 Mar., 1825. He had attended the funeral of a neighbor, a 
 Mr. Weller, near the Presbyterian Cli., south of Canonsburg, 
 and returned with the family to the house of the deceased, 
 and several friends being present, he delivered a very solemn 
 and pertinent address. He remained over night, and having 
 taken his seat at the breakfast table the next morning asked 
 a blessing, and reclining his head backward, immediately ex- 
 pired without a struggle or a groan. 
 
 In mental force, in theological learning and in pulpit power 
 Mr. Smith had few equals, and perhaps no superiors among 
 all the ministers with whom he was ecclesiastically associated, 
 and for twenty years his influence in Presbytery and Synod 
 was equal to that of the elder Mason or Dr. Annan, and soon 
 after the union of 1782 he was designated by the Asso. Ref. 
 Synod as a suitable person to take the oversight and instruc- 
 tion of its theological students. An unhappy temper, soured 
 by disappointment, made the last ten years of his ministry 
 neither comfortable to himself nor profitable to his church, 
 
588 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 aud led him into sinful ways and habits. His fall was deep 
 and peculiarly sad, but towards the close of his life he gave 
 ver}- considerable evidence of repentance and reformation, and 
 was received into the communion of the Presbyterian Church. 
 SMITH, John Wiluam: 
 
 Was born near Jamestown, Crawford co.. Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1879, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed in Sept., 1882, by the Lake Pres., and 
 ordained May 15, '83, by the same; pastor at Oil City, Pa., 
 May, 1883-Dec. 8, '85; of Third Ch., Xenia O., since June 
 15, 1886. 
 
 SMITH, Philip Young*: 
 
 Was born Ap. 14, 1833, in Lanarkshire, Scotland; was 
 graduated at Glasgow University, and studied theology in 
 L'^'nion Seminary, New York; was licensed Sept. 15, 1863, ^Y 
 Second New York Pres., and ordained Feb. 28, '66, by Bos- 
 ton ; was pastor at Wilkinsonville, Worcester co. , Mass. , from 
 ordination till his death, July 21, 1885. 
 SMITH, RoELOF H. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born and educated at Holland, and ordained June 28, 
 1846, by the Groning Classis of that country, was installed 
 in 1 85 1 as pastor of a congregation of native Hollanders at 
 Drenthe, near Holland, in Ottawa Co., Mich. In June, 1853, 
 he and his congregation transferred their connection from the 
 Reformed Dutch Ch., to the Asso. Ref Presbytery of Michi- 
 gan. Remained in charge until death May 12, 1886. 
 
 SMITH, Samuel Ferguson (A. R.)*: 
 
 Sixth son of the Rev. Thomas, of Tuscarora; was born in 
 the summer of 1799 upon the ocean, and reared in Juniata Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at the Western University in 1823, ^^^^ 
 studied theology privately, except his last year, which was 
 spent at Allegheny, that being the first year of that Seminary's 
 existence. He was licensed Aug 17, 1826, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 3, '28, by the same; was pastor of 
 Sugar Creek, (now Cochranton,) Crawford Co., Pa., from his 
 ordination until his death, Mar. 19, 1846. 
 SMITH, Thomas (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 20, 1755, in Ireland; was graduated at Glas- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 589 
 
 gow University, and studied theology with the younger ]\Ion- 
 crieff at Alloa, in Scotland. He was licensed in 1776, and 
 soon afterward ordained and installed as pastor of the Asso- 
 ciate congregation at Ahanghel, in county Antrim, Ireland. 
 He resigned in 1798, most probably because of some troubles 
 arising out of the "Irish Rebellion;" came to this country 
 in 1799, and, after supplying a year in York Co., Pa., was 
 installed in 1801 as pastor of Tuscarora, Juniata Co., Pa., and 
 after Mr. Logan's death, Fermanagh (Mexico) was added to 
 his charge in 1806. He retained these relations until his 
 death, Feb. 12, 1832, although for a year or so he had become 
 too feeble to preach. 
 
 Mr. Smith was small in person, active, temperate, courte- 
 ous, orthodox, a strong churchman and a good preacher. 
 He was very much opposed to union with the Presbyterian 
 Ch. in 1822; led the opposition in General Synod, raised the 
 point of order that seven yeas was not a majorty of sixteen 
 members present, and drafted the protest of those who voted 
 in the negative. When General Synod was dissolved he 
 came home and gathered up the fragments of the Pres. of Big 
 Spring, and carried them to the Pres. of Monongahela and 
 the Synod of the West, until the ordination of Dr. Alex. Sharp 
 enabled him to resuscitate his old Pres. To his adopted 
 country he gave seven sons and five daughters. 
 SMITH, Thomas (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Dumfries, Scotland; was graduated at Edin- 
 burgh University, and studied theology with the younger 
 Moncriefif. In 1790 he was appointed by Synod to go as a 
 missionary to America, but failed to go. After traveling and 
 supplying for ten years in Scotland he came to the U. S. upon 
 his own motion and responsibility in the year 1800, and 
 united with the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania. He traveled 
 for eleven years in the Asso. Synod before he received a call, 
 and was then installed in 181 1 as the first and only pastor of 
 the Asso. congregation in the town of Huntingdon, Pa. He 
 continued in this relation until his death in 1825. 
 SMITH, Thomas Gibson (A. R)*: 
 
 Was born in 1756 in Scotland, and came to America in 
 1774; studied theology privately and partly with the Elder 
 
590 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Mason in New York; was licensed May 27, 1789, by the Pres. 
 of New York, and ordained May 6, '91, by the same; pastor 
 of Little Britain and Shawangunk, Orange Co., N. Y., May, 
 1791-May 14, 1800; joined the Ref. Dutch Ch., and was pas- 
 tor of the churches of Kleyn Esopus, Blooniingdale and Hur- 
 ley, i8oo-'8; of Tarrytown and Unionville, N. Y., 1808, until 
 his death, Ap. 10, 1837. 
 
 SMITH, William (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1807 in York Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Frank- 
 lin in 1835, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed 
 •July 10, 1839, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Aug. 25, 
 '41, by Illinois; was pastor of Pisgah and Tirzah, Washington 
 Co., la., Aug., i84i-'9;of Rich Hill and Concord, Armstrong 
 Co., Pa., June, i85i-'6o; of Buffalo, Marquette Co., Wis., 
 Oct. 12, i864-'72, and died July 16, 1873. 
 
 SMYTH, Charles B. (A.) 
 
 Was born, educated, licensed and ordained in Ireland; came 
 to the U. S. in 1850, and on the 31st of Oct. of that year 
 joined the Asso. Pres, of Albany, but soon after joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch., and was pastor at Delhi, Delaware Co., 
 N. Y., i85i-'8; in the spring of 1869 he joined the First 
 United Presbyterian Pres, of New York, and was pastor of 
 East Eleventh St., New York city, Sept. 13, 1869-May 16, 
 '70, and then went back to the Presbyterian Ch. till 1882. 
 when he returned to the United Presbyterian Ch,, and was 
 suspended in 1886. 
 
 SNODGRASS, John M. (A.): 
 
 Was graduated at Jefferson in 1849, and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed June 18, 1850, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained in Oct., '51, by Miami; was installed pastor of 
 Poplar Ridge jand Canonsburg, in Putnam and Hancock 
 counties, O. , at ordination; demitted the latter in 1856 and 
 retained the former (changed in name to Leipsic), until the 
 union. He declined going into the union of 1858, and re- 
 mained with the residuary Asso. Synod, and now serves in 
 the pastorate of Spring Branch, Wayne Co., la. 
 
 SNODGRASS, Matthew (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1792 in the Shenango congregation, Crawford 
 
THE MINISTRY. 59I 
 
 Co. , Pa. ; was educated at Jeiferson and studied theology at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed Ap. 28, 1826, by Ohio Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 20, '27, by the same; was installed at ordina- 
 tion over Cherry Run and Conneaut, Crawford Co., Pa.; re- 
 signed the former in Jan., 1838, and retained the latter with 
 Fairfield and French Creek until 1856, when he was released 
 from all except Fairfield, and from it on the 3d of Feb., '64. 
 He remained without charge until his death, Mar. 25, 1870. 
 SNODGRASS, William John: 
 
 Was born Mar. 4, 1845, ^^^ S. Shenango, Crawford Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1867, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Sept. i, 1868, by Lake 
 Pres., and ordained Aug. 24, 1869, by Mercer; was installed 
 at ordination over W. Middlesex, in Mercer Co., and added 
 Clarksville, for one-third time, Dec. 27, 1878. 
 
 SOMERS, William Carr (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 2, 1820, in Barnet, Vt, ; was educated at 
 Union and studied theology at Newburgh; was licensed May 
 22, 1850, by New York Pres., and ordained May 21, '53, by 
 Caledonia; pastor at Cuylerville, Livingston Co., N. Y., May 
 1853-N0V. 12, '56; Hobart, Delaware Co., N. Y., 1858-Oct. 
 '65; Ridge, Guernsey Co., O., 1869-May 12, '74; Sunny Dale, 
 Sedgwick Co., Kan., Aug. 21, 1877-July 31, '83. 
 SOMERVILLE, David (A.)*: 
 
 Was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, and was graduated at 
 the University of that city, and studied theology with Prof. 
 Moncrieff; was licensed by the Asso. Pres., of Glasgow, and 
 was ordained as pastor at Strathaven in 1769 or 1770. Here 
 he labored very usefully for twenty years, and was then 
 forced to resign because of feebleness arising from a great loss 
 of blood from the nose. In 1790 or '91 he came to this coun- 
 try; joined the Asso. Pres., of Pennsylvania, and preached, 
 as his health allowed him, in the vacancies in Pennsylvania 
 and Virginia, and died in 1793 in Rockbridge Co., Va. 
 SOUTHERLAND, W. B. : 
 
 Was received Sept. 28, 1864, by the Second New York 
 Pres., from the Congregational Ch. ; was pastor of 28th 
 street. New York, Feb. i865-'66; supplied a year or so at 
 Thomsonville, Conn., and then left the denomination. 
 
592 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 SPALDING, William Alvin: 
 
 Was born July 20, 1850, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1876, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 3, 1878, by Keokuk Pres., and or- 
 dained June 24, '79, by Des Moines; pastor at Oskaloosa, 
 Mahaska Co., la., June, 1879-May i, '81; N. Henderson, 111., 
 Aug. 23, i88i-Dec. 15, '84; S. S. Davenport, la., 1885. 
 
 SPEER, John Stuart: 
 
 Was born Nov. 25, 1836, in Guernsey Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in i860, and after serving as a captain in 
 the civil war and signal officer in the U. S. Army he studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1866, by the 
 Muskingum Pres., and ordained Sept. 3, '67, by Westmore- 
 land; was pastor at Buena Vista, Allegheny Co., Pa., Sept., 
 1867-Dec. 16, '73; at Canonsburg, Pa., since Ap. 21, 1874. 
 SPEER, Thomas Latta, (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 4, 1808, in Peter's township, Washington 
 Co., Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1834, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 17, 1838, by Second 
 Ohio, and ordained May 14, '40, by Monongahela; was pas- 
 tor of New Brighton and Rocky Springs, Pa., May 14, 1840 
 -May 16, '43; of Chartiers Cross Roads, Washington Co., 
 1843, until his death, which occurred Nov. 25, 1851, from 
 hemorrhage of lungs. 
 
 SPENCER, Francis Marion, D. D. : 
 
 Brother of William G. ; was born Feb. 24, 1842, near Cedar- 
 ville, O. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1868, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Mar. 29, 1870, by Xenia 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 29, '71, by Kansas; was pastor in 
 Leavenworth, Kan., Sept., 1871-Aug. 12, '79; President of 
 Muskingum College, June, i879-'86. 
 SPENCER, William Guthrie*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 8, 1836, near Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1861, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Mar. 29, 1864, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Ap. 26, 
 '65, by Southern Indiana; was pastor at Portland Mills, Ind., 
 Ap., 1865-Ap. 3, '78; of Somerville and Eden, Ind., Ap. 3, 
 1878-Sept. 12, '82. Died Feb. 29, 1884, from enlargement 
 
THE MINISTRY. 593 
 
 of the spleen. Publication: History of the Princeton Pres., 
 
 1878. 
 
 STALKER, Duncan (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1783 in Comrie, Perthshire, Scotland; was li- 
 censed Aug. 6, 1805, by the Asso. Pres. of Perth, and ordained 
 in Dec, 1807, and installed pastor at Peebles. Here he re- 
 mained for over twenty years and came to the U. S. in 1830; 
 was pastor at N. Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y., Nov., 1831 
 -June, '52; died Dec. 5, 1853, from paralysis. 
 STANSBURY, Arthur J. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in New York city in 1781, and was graduated at 
 Columbia College in 1799, and studied and practiced law for 
 a short time; entered the Theo. Sem. in New York in 1807; 
 was licensed in May, 1810, by the Pres. of New York, and 
 ordained Oct. 25, '10, by the same; pastor at Graham's Ch., 
 Orange Co., N. Y., Oct., i8io-July 31, '16; pastor at New- 
 burgh, N. Y., Nov. 31, i8i6-May, '17; joined the Presbyte- 
 rian, Ch., and was pastor of the First Ch., Albany, N. Y., 
 until deposed from the ministry for immorality, Feb. 26, 1821. 
 He was for many years congressional reporter for the National 
 Intelligencer. Died at his son's house in Philadelphia, Sept. 
 27, 1865. Dr. Mcjimsey, who preceded and also succeeded 
 him at Graham's Ch., and always kept up intercourse with 
 him, stated that in his declining years he gave evidence of 
 being a true Christian. 
 
 STARK, Andrew, LL. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1790 in Sheilknows, Sterlingshire, Scotland; 
 spent six years in the University of Glasgow, and was gradu- 
 ated Master of Arts in 1811 ; studied theology three years with 
 Prof Paxton, then taught Latin and Greek for three years in 
 London; returned to Scotland and finished his theological 
 course, and was licensed in Oct., 1817, and ordained Sept. 16, 
 '18; was pastor of South Shields, Sept., 1818-June 14, '19; 
 taught a year in the family of Sir Fredrick Vane at his country 
 seat on the Cumberland Lakes, and then came to the U. S., 
 landing in New York Oct. 6, 1820. He joined the Asso. Ch., 
 and was pastor of the Grand St. Ch., in New York from May, 
 1822, until his death. He became involved in trouble with 
 his Synod because of his friendship with the Bullions, and he 
 
594 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 shared with them their fate and was associated with them in 
 their separate Synod. His health became so feeble that he 
 was compelled to take a vacation from labor, and sailed in 
 Jnne, 1849, ^^^ Scotland. He grew steadily worse and died 
 Sept, 18 at Denny Loanhead, Scotland, from nervous pros- 
 tration. 
 STEELE, Daniel: 
 
 Was received Ap. 12, 1859, by the Pres. of St. Louis from 
 the Presbyterian Pres. of Kaskaskia (O. S.); was pastor of 
 Bethel, Randolph Co., 111., i86o-'6; returned to the Presby- 
 terian Ch. in 1870, and resides without charge at Rantoul, 
 Champaign Co., 111. 
 STEELE, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 17, 1772, in York Co., Pa., but his parents 
 moved soon afterward and settled as pioneers on the Hinks- 
 ton Fork of the Licking River, in Bourbon Co., Ky. Here 
 he was reared and received his primary instruction. At that 
 day every minister on the frontier was a classical teacher. 
 Mr. Steele was graduated at Dickinson in 1792, a classmate 
 of Dr. Mcjimsey, and studied theology with Dr. Nisbet at 
 Carlisle, and also with John Young at Timber Ridge, Rock- 
 bridge Co., Va. He was licensed May 25, 1797, by the First 
 Asso. Ref. Pres. of Pennsylvania, and ordained, sine titulo^ 
 Aug. 12, '99, by the same. He was soon afterward installed 
 as pastor of the congregations of Millersburg, Shiloh, Flem- 
 ing and Mt. Olivet, situated in the four counties of Bourbon, 
 Nicholls, Fleming and Montgomery, in Kentucky. This re- 
 quired him to be fully one-half of his time on horseback. In 
 1803 he resigned the two most distant branches and retained 
 two which were only thirty miles apart. Many of his parish- 
 ioners did not like the state of society in Kentucky and moved 
 from time to time into Ohio, and particularly into Greene 
 Co. He finally followed in 181 7 and took the pastoral charge 
 of the Asso. Ref. congregations of Xenia and Springfield 
 until Oct. 12, 1836, when he resigned because of the infirmi- 
 ties of age, and moved his family to Oxford, O., for its facili- 
 ties for the education of his sons. Having just accomplished 
 this, without a groan or a struggle he suddenly died on the 
 morning of the nth of Jan., 1837. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 595 
 
 His mind was logical and somewhat scholastic. He was a 
 close, clear reasoner, who made no nse of the imagination. 
 He possessed an nnsnally good library, with the contents of 
 which he was very familiar, so that he was an able, clear- 
 headed theologian, well read in chnrch history and versed in 
 ecclesiastical affairs. Great reliance was placed on his judg- 
 ment in all matters of discipline and church order. He 
 served long and with much ability as clerk of both Presby- 
 tery and Synod. 
 
 STEELE, John Cunningham, (A. R.): 
 
 Son of Rev. John; was born Dec. 22, 1812, in Bourbon Co., 
 Ky. ; was graduated at Miami University in 1832, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 11, 1837, by First 
 Ohio, and ordained June, 14, '38, by the same; was pastor 
 in Cincinnati, O., June, i838-'4i; was partially thrown aside 
 from the ministry for several years by feeble health ; was pas- 
 tor of Indianapolis, Ind., i849-'53, and then for a long time 
 disqualified from pastoral labor, although able to supply most 
 of the time; was one year Prof of Mental and Moral Philo- 
 sophy and Logic in Duquesne College, in Pittsburgh; was 
 pastor at Warrensburg, Mo., May 14, 1872-June 30, '76, 
 where he still remains without charge. Publication: The 
 Genealogy of Our Saviour in the United Presbyterian Quar- 
 terly Review^ Vol. I. 
 
 STEELE, Joseph Drake (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. John; was born Aug. 30, 1820, in Xenia, 
 O. ; was graduated at Miami in 1840, and studied theology 
 at Oxford and Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 26, 1844, by 
 Monongahela Pres. , and ordained, sine titiilo^ June 24, '57, 
 by Iowa; spent many years in purely missionary work, and 
 frequently on new ground, and sometimes in feeble health. 
 Resided for years at Warsaw, Benton Co., Mo., and engaged 
 in teaching, and preached as opportunities presented them- 
 selves. Died May 15, 1882, of consumption. 
 
 STEPHENSON, Robert*: 
 
 Was born in 1820 in Belfast, Ireland, and was there edu- 
 cated in literature and theology; was ordained in May, '60, 
 by the Ref. Presbyterian Pres. of Philadelphia ; joined the 
 
596 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 United Presbyterian Pres. of Monongahela Ap. 30, 1872, 
 and died Jan. 30, 1874. 
 
 STEPHENSON, Thomas: 
 
 Was born Feb. 27, 1833, at Sidney, O. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1862, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Monmouth; was licensed Mar. 30, 1864, by Monmouth Pres., 
 and ordained June 14, '65, by Bloomington: pastor of Peoria, 
 June, 1865-May '66; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and has 
 been pastor in several charges. 
 
 STEVENSON, Ephraim H. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 20, 1820, at Wagontown, Chester Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Delaware College, Newark, Del., in 1844; 
 was Principal of the Hopewell Academy for four years, and 
 then studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 8, 
 185 1, by Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Nov. 4, '52, by 
 Ohio, sine titiilo; was S. S. at Stowe and Springfield, Summit 
 Co., O., until 1855, when he was appointed by Synod to go as a 
 missionary to North India. He reached his field of labor in 
 the spring of 1856, and labored there for ten yeai'S, when fail- 
 ing health compelled his return. He preached as health and 
 circumstances would allow for a time, and then became Prin- 
 cipal of the Academy in New London, Chester Co., Pa., and 
 afterwards of the Andes Collegiate Institute, Delaware Co., 
 N. Y., where he died very suddenly Sept. 20, 1879, from 
 heart disease, while hearing a class in Eatin. 
 
 STEVENSON, Josias: 
 
 Was born Nov. 12, 1828, near Londonderry, Ireland; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1854, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed June 30, 1858, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained 
 Dec. I, '59, by the same; pastor at W. Alexander, Pa., Dec. 
 1859-Nov. 2, '70; N. Buffalo, Pa., June 13, 1871-Feb. 8, '76; 
 of Greensburg and Latrobe, Pa., May, 9, 1878-Dec. 19, '82, 
 and Greensburg alone Ap. 8, '84; Savannah, O. ; June 30, 
 1885. 
 STEVENSON, William: 
 
 Was born Jan. 22, 1842, in Muskingum Co., O., was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1871, and studied theology at Mon- 
 mouth and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 2, 1873, ^Y Mon- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 597 
 
 mouth Pres., and ordained Oct. 5, '75, by Southern Illinois; 
 pastor at Xenia Prairie, 111., Oct. 1875-Aug. 15, '^']\ at 
 Kingsville, Mo., July 16, 1878-Ap. 4, '84. 
 
 STEVENSON, William R. : 
 
 Brother of Josias; was born Ap. 4, 1842, at Scrogg-sfield, 
 Carroll Co., O. ; was graduated at Washington and Jefferson 
 in 1868, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 May 10, 1870, by Steubenville Pres., and ordained, sine titiilo^ 
 Sept. 19, '71, by Conemaugh; pastor at Sewickley and W. 
 Newton, Westmoreland Co., Pa., Dec. 17, 1872-Oct. 19, '81; 
 Portland, Ore., S. S. 1884. Publication: Biographical His- 
 tory of Class 1868, pp. 32. 
 STEWART, Albert Struthers: 
 
 Was born Sept. 26, 1847, at Cortsville, in Mahoning Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1873, and studied the- 
 ology at Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 6, 1875, by First New 
 York Pres., and ordained Oct. 23, '78, by Argyle; was pas- 
 tor at Greensboro, Vt, Oct., 1878-Jan. 17, '81; Olivet, 
 Indiana Co., Pa., Sept. 8, 1884-Dec. 14, '86. 
 
 STEWART, David Chambers: 
 
 Son of Robert E. ; was born Sept. 5, i860, at Belbrook, O. ; 
 was graduated at the Indiana University in 1884, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 7, 1886, by Southern 
 Illinois, and ordained July 15, '87, by the same; pastor in St. 
 Louis, Mo., since ordination. 
 STEWART, David Craig: 
 
 Brother of Robert B. ; was born Jan. 1850, near St. Clairs- 
 ville, O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1872; spent three 
 years as clerk and cashier in a bank in Iowa; studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1879, by Wheeling Pres., 
 and ordained Feb. 16, '81, by Frankfort; pastor of Frankfort 
 Springs, Beaver Co. , Pa. , since ordination. 
 
 STEWART, George (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1782 at Greencastle, Franklin Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Dickinson in 1805, and studied theology in 
 New York with Dr. Mason; was licensed in June, 1809, by 
 the Pres. of New York, and ordained in Ap., '10, by the 
 same; was pastor in Bloomingburgh, Sullivan Co., N. Y., 
 
598 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 from his ordination until his death, Sept. 20, 1818. He was 
 a good preacher in the best sense of the term, wise in all his 
 ways, a superior pastor and distinguished for his deep and 
 consistent piety. 
 STEWART, Henry F. *: 
 
 Was born in 1842 in Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated at 
 Jefferson in 1862, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 10, 1866, by Frankfort Pres., and ordained ]\Iay 
 7, '67, by the Lake; was pastor at Jamestown, Mercer Co., 
 Pa., from ordination iintil death, Sept. 20, 1868. 
 
 STEWART, John Edie: 
 
 Was born Ap. 22, 1847, in Guernsey Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1880, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Dec. 26, 1882, by Mercer Pres., and ordained 
 Aug. 8, '83, by Cedar Rapids; pastor of Garner, la., Aug., 
 1883-June 30, '85; Graham's Church, Orange Co., N. Y., 
 since June, 1887. 
 STEWART, John Finney (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Aug. 12, 1828, at Monroe, Butler Co., O. ; was 
 educated at Farmer's College, and studied theology at Ox- 
 ford; was licensed in Sept., 1855, by First Ohio Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 2, '57, by Second Illinois; pastor of Union and 
 Sparta, 111., Ap., 1857, till i860, and Sparta till Oct. 5, '70; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is now at Boulder, Col., 
 without a charge. 
 STEWART, John Graham: 
 
 Son of Robert E. ; was born July 31, 1851, at Vienna, Rush 
 Co. , Ind. ; was graduated at Indiana State University, and 
 studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 11, 1883, by 
 Xenia Pres., and ordained Ap. 27, '84, by Chicago; pastor of 
 Rock Run, Stephenson Co., 111., from ordination until June 
 16, '87. 
 STEWART, Jonathan (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 2, 1827, at Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami University in 1853, ^"^ studied theology at Oxford 
 and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 2, 1856, by Springfield 
 Pres., and ordained Sept., 22, '58, by Le Claire; was pastor 
 of Andrew and La Motte, Jackson Co., la., Sept., 1858-65; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 599 
 
 Unity, Adams Co., O., 1867-Mar., '71; Tranquillity, O., 
 Sept. 27, 1871, until his death. Mar. 2, 1878. 
 STEWART, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 6, 1797, in Ohio Co., W. Va., but when six 
 years old the family moved to Belmont Co., O. ; was educated 
 in the Grammar School of Steele and McMillen in Xenia, 
 then in the Classical School at New Athens, which ripened 
 into Franklin College, and finally in the Academy at New 
 Washington, which grew into Madison College; and studied 
 theology in Allegheny. He was licensed May 26, 1830, by 
 Second Ohio Pres. , and ordained in Dec. '32, by First Ohio; 
 was installed at ordination over Cherry Fork and West Fork, 
 Adams Co., O. ; resigned the latter in '38, and gave all his 
 time to the former until his death, Nov. 24, 1851. 
 
 STEWART, Robert, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 31, 1839, at Sidney O. ; was graduated at 
 Jefferson in 1859, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 12, 1864, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained Nov. 
 9, '66, sine titnlo^ by First Ohio; was S. S. at Ashland and 
 Savannah, O., July i, 1865-6; at Dayton O., July i, i866-'8; 
 at Davenport, N. Y., S. S., Aug. 16, i868-'9, and pastor Aug. 
 17, 1869-Sept. I, 1872; was Prof of Exegetics and Honiiletics 
 in Newburgh Theo. Sem., Oct., 1873-Oct., '78; editor of 
 Evangelical Repository^ 1 879-' 80. Missionary to Northern 
 India since 1881. 
 STEWART, Robert Beli.: 
 
 Was born in Belmont Co., O. ; was graduated at Franklin 
 in 1859, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 
 5, 1868, by Wheeling Pres., and ordained Nov. i, 1871, by 
 Nebraska; pastor at Rock Bluflf, Neb., Nov., 1871-July 2, ''^2i\ 
 Jefferson, Allegheny Co., Pa., July i, 1875-Mar. 25, '79; S. S. 
 Chariton, la., i879-'83. 
 
 STEWART, Robert Ewing (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 23, 1825, "^^^ New Richmond, O. ; was 
 graduated at Miami University in 1846, and studied theology 
 at Oxford; was licensed Ap. 4, 1849, ^Y Indiana Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 8, '50, by the same; pastor of Vienna and Shiloh, 
 Ind., Ap., 1850-Ap., '55; Sugar Creek, O., Sept., 1856, until 
 
6oO THE MINISTRY. 
 
 his death, Oct. i6, i860. Publications: Sermons in Vols. I. 
 and III of the Asso. Ref. Pulpit. 
 
 STEWART, Samuei. B: 
 
 Was born Dec. 24, 1844, in Indiana Co., Pa.; was educated 
 at Franklin, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 June 20, 1876, by Westmoreland Pres., and ordained June 18, 
 '78, by the same; was pastor of Madison, Westmoreland Co., 
 June, 1878-July I, '79; Clinton and Shiloh, Butler Co., Pa., 
 Ap. 4, 1882-Oct. 31, '87. 
 
 STEWART, Samuel J. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 8, 1845, in Viola, 111. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1870, and studied theology at Newburgh; was 
 licensed Ap. 27, 1871, by Chicago Pres., and ordained Ap. 17, 
 '72, by First New York; pastor of West 25th St., New York, 
 Ap., 1872-Jan. 19, '74; Steubenville, O., Mar. 16, 1874-Feb. 
 13, ''']']\ joined the Congregational Ch., and was pastor in 
 Fitchburg, Mass., Ap. 4, 1877-Sept., '79; of the Unitarian 
 Ch., in Bangor, Me., i88o-'82; turned lawyer, and is located 
 in Kansas. 
 
 STEWART, Samuel S. : 
 
 Was born Sept. 13, 1849, ^^ Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Ohio Central in 1877, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 14, 1880, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Jan. 16, 
 '83, by Southern Illinois; pastor of Xenia Prairie, Clay Co., 
 111., since ordination. 
 
 STEWART, Thomas Beatty: 
 
 Son of Robert E. , and grandson of Dr. John Graham ; was 
 born Oct. i, 1854, in Glenwood, Rush Co., Ind. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Indiana University in 1880, and studied theology two 
 years at Xenia and one year in the Presbyterian Theo. Sem. 
 of the Pacific; was licensed Aug. 29, 1882, by Indiana Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 11, '83, by California. In the autumn of 
 '82 he took charge of a mission in San Francisco, Cal., organ- 
 ized it as the Second Ch., May 18, '83, and was installed as 
 its pastor Aug. 4, 1884. 
 STEWART, William Everett: 
 
 Was born Sept. 14, 1850, at Freedom, Beaver Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1878, and studied theology at 
 
THK MINISTRY. 6oi 
 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1881, by Beaver Valley Pres., 
 and ordained May 16, '82, by Albany; pastor at West Charlton, 
 Saratoga Co., N. Y., May, 1882-Tuly 19, '85. 
 STEWART, William Reid: 
 
 Was born Jan. 31, 1846, in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1865, and studied theology at Xenia 
 and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1867, by Westmoreland 
 Pres., and ordained May 5, '68, by the Lake; pastor of Adams- 
 ville, Crawford Co., May, i868-'7o; was sent by the Gen. 
 Ass. in 1870 to Salem, Ore. ; in 1872 transferred himself and 
 congregation to the Presbyterian Ch. ; remained in Salem 
 until Oct., 1875; served a church in Mendocino, Cal. ; one in 
 Laporte, la. ; one at Marengo, la. , and is now at Williamsburg, 
 la. 
 STORY, Alexander (A.): 
 
 Was born Dec. 30, 1820, in S. Shenango, Crawford Co.,, 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1841, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed June 24, 1845, ^Y Shenango 
 Pres., and ordained, sine titulo^ July 12, '47, by the same;, 
 made a missionary tour through Michigan and W^isconsin,, 
 then unbroken ground by the Asso. Ch. ; was installed pastor 
 of Columbus City and Grandview, la., in Oct., 1853; "^'^^ ^^~ 
 leased from the latter in Mar. , 59, and from the former June 
 23) '75; is now editor of the Gazette in Washington, la. 
 STORY, William Murray: 
 
 Was born July 25, 1853, near Jamestown, Mercer Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1877, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1880, by the Lake Pres., 
 and ordained June 23, '81, by Bloomington; pastor at Low 
 Point, Woodford Co., 111., since ordination. 
 
 STRANE, Archibald Kirkwood: 
 
 Was born in Allegheny Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at West- 
 minster in 1878, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 Ap. 13, 1881, by Xenia Pres., ahd ordained Oct. 8, '81, by 
 Wabash; pastor of Mt. Pleasant, Clinton Co., Ind., Oct., 1881 
 -June 30, '85; Idaville, Ind., Nov. 13, 1885- 
 STRANG, David (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. James; was born in 1799 in Buchlyvie, 
 38 
 
602 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 thirteen miles west of Sterling, Scotland; was graduated at 
 St. Andrew's University, and coming to this country studied 
 theology two years in Cambridge, N. Y., and finished at 
 Canonsburg; was licensed July 8, 1835, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Sept., 16, '36, by Stamford; was pastor at 
 Peoria, (York,) Wyoming Co., N. Y., Sept., 1836-Sept. '55; 
 supplied vacant churches in Central Ohio, Tenn., and 111., 
 and died Dec. 8, 1872, at Monmouth, 111. 
 STRANG, David: 
 
 Son of Moses, a younger brother of the Rev. James and 
 David; was born May 22, 1837, in Cambridge, Washington 
 Co., N. Y., although reared near Reynoldsburgh, Franklin 
 Co., O. ; was graduated with honor at Westminster in 1861; 
 was married the following week and settled down as assistant 
 farmer to his father imtil Aug., 1862, when he joined the 
 Pennsylvania "Roundhead Regiment," (looth,) and shared 
 its fortunes during the remainder of the civil war, being 
 severely wounded at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House 
 May 12, 1864. When the war was virtually over, but before 
 being mustered out of the army, he was appointed by the 
 Gen. Ass. of May, 1865, without his knowledge, to go to 
 Egypt and take charge of the mission press lately given by 
 the Mahah Rajah Duleep Singh. He accepted, and after 
 making some necessary arrangements sailed in Feb. 1866, 
 with his wife and daughter Isabella, then four years old, and 
 now a missionary at Mansura, Egypt. In addition to direct 
 missionary work he had charge of the press three years in 
 Cairo and six in Alexandria, and was one year connected with 
 the Training College in Asyoot. In 187 1 he was licensed by 
 the Pres. of Egypt, without any intention of receiving sub- 
 sequent ordination, but simply to keep clear of that unauthor- 
 ized and irresponsible "lay preaching," which was begin- 
 ning to be popular in many places. He was, however, or- 
 dained Ap. 16, '76, by the Pres. of Egypt. Pie never at- 
 tended a theological seminarv, but regards his old farmer 
 father as his theological instructor, a man who was more 
 thoroughly read in Puritan and Scottish theological literature 
 than the majority of the ministers of our day. 
 
 During a part of his residence in Egypt the U. S. was re- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 603 
 
 presented, or rather misrepresented, by George H. Butler, as 
 Consul General. His course of life was offensive to good 
 morals and American pride, and after the mission had remon- 
 strated in vain with the State Department at Washington, 
 Mr. Strang exposed his corruptions and misdemeanors through 
 the press of the United States and Constantinople. For this 
 an employe of the consulate assaulted him at the railroad 
 station in Alexandria, but he learned from painful experience 
 that all ministers are not non-resistant. After a year of pain- 
 ful suffering from ophthalmia Mr. Strang was compelled in 
 1876 to return to the U. S., and since Ap., '78, has had the 
 pastoral care of Hopewell congregation, in Lincoln, Tenn., 
 hoping still that his eyes may some day allow his return to 
 Egypt. 
 
 STRANG, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1792 in Buchlyvie, near Sterling, in Scotland; 
 was educated and licensed under the auspices of the United 
 Secession Synod; came to the U. S. and was received in 
 Aug., 1832, by the Asso. Pres. of Albany, was was ordained 
 in July, '33, by the same; was pastor of Dumfries Gait, 
 Ontario, Canada, from his ordination until his death, Oct. 22, 
 1857, from general debitity. 
 
 STRAUS, Juuus: 
 
 Was received Ap. 4, 1866, by the First Pres. of Ohio from 
 the O. S. Presbyterian Ch. ; supplied for three years in or 
 about Cincinnati, and two at Barlow, O. ; returned to the 
 Presbyterian Ch., and is pastor at Batavia, O. 
 STRONG, Charles, (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was a native of South Carolina; was graduated in 1808 at 
 South Carolina College, and studied theology for four 3-ears 
 in New York under Dr. Mason; was licensed July 13, 1815, 
 by the First Pres. of the Carolinas, and ordained Nov. 8, '16,' 
 by the same; was pastor at Cannon's Creek, King's Creek 
 and Prosperity, in Newberry Co., S. C, from his ordination 
 until his death, July 20, 1824. A man of zeal and ability, 
 and gave good promise of great usefulness had his life been 
 spared. His wife, Nancy Harris, was the grandaughter of 
 Hugh Harris and Ellen Reynolds, whom Dr. Thomas Clark 
 
6o4 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 married while he was in jail in Monaghan, Ireland. (See 
 Thomas Clark.) 
 
 STRONG, Charles Henry: 
 
 Was born Dec. 20, 1848, at Ellettsville, Monroe Co., Ind. ; 
 was graduated at the Indiana State University in 1872, and 
 studied theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 10, 1875, by 
 Princeton Pres. , and ordained Ap. 5, '76, by Garnett; pastor 
 of Garnett, Kan., since Ap. 5, 1876. Publications: The 
 Progress of our Country, an Address, 1877; The Responsibili- 
 ties Resting Upon Our Common School Teachers, an Ad- 
 dress; The Waldensian Church, an Address, 1880. 
 
 STRONG, Thomas M. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1797, at Cooperstown, N. Y. ; his father was a 
 lawyer and moved to New York city in 1800; he was gradu- 
 ated at Columbia College in 1816, and studied two years in 
 New York under Dr. Mason and one year in Princeton; was 
 licensed in 18 19 in the Presbyterian Ch., and supplied in 
 Norfolk, Va., and was ordained in Oct., 1821, by the Asso. 
 Ref. Pres. of Big Spring; was pastor of Shippensburg and 
 Chambersburg, Pa., Oct., 1821-Aug., '22; joined the Ref. 
 Dutch Ch., and was pastor at Flat Bush, Long Island, N. 
 Y., Oct., 1822, until his death, June 14, 1861. He was 
 Stated Clerk of the General Synod of the Dutch Ch., 1828- 
 '61. He possessed great symmetry of mind and of character; 
 was very studious and wonderfully methodic. He wrote two 
 sermons every week without any special regard to their use, 
 so that ten years before his death he had more than three 
 hundred sermons in advance, awaiting delivery. 
 
 STRUTHERS, Allan B. : 
 
 Was graduated at Monmouth in 1864, and studied theology 
 at Monmouth; was licensed in Mar., 1866, by Monmouth 
 Pres., and ordained Sept. 8, '68, by Conemaugh; pastor of 
 Biookville, Jefferson, and Beaver Run, Jefferson Co., Pa., 
 Sept., 1868-Dec., 12, '71; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 is now at Piqua, O. 
 STURGEON, Hugh (A.): 
 
 Was graduated at Jefferson in 1846, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed June 18, 1850, by Chartiers 
 
THE MINISTRY. 605 
 
 Pres., and ordained May 6, '52, by Richland; was pastor at 
 Wooster, O., May, 1852-Ap. '56; Kingston, Linn Co., la., 
 summer 1856-Ap., '59; installed over Darlington and Pales- 
 tine, by Allegheny Pres., June, 1862; dropped the latter in a 
 few years, and still retains the former. 
 STURGEON, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 When perhaps fifty years old was received Aug. 27, 1833, 
 from the Newton Pres., N, J., of the Presbyterian Ch. by the 
 Pres. of Monongahela; was pastor at Sidney, O., Nov., 1837- 
 May, '40; for several years did missionary work in Illinois 
 and Iowa, and finally located at Dutch Creek, Washington 
 Co., la., and died Ap. 11, 1854, at Birmingham, while re- 
 turning home from a meeting of Presbytery at Keokuk. 
 SWAN, Peter: 
 
 Was born Feb. 21, 1851, near Pittsburgh, Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1878, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1881, by Steubenville Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 24, '82, by Keokuk; pastor at Burlington, Des 
 Moines Co., la., since ordination. 
 
 SWANKY, James Wallace*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 26, 1847, "^^^ Hookstown, Beaver Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1870, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1872, by Frankfort Pres., 
 and ordained, sine titido^ J^^ly 9) '74) by Conemaugh; was S. 
 S. at Johnstown, Pa., Ap, , 1873-Sept., '76; pastor at Oil 
 City, Pa., Ap. 30, 1877-Oct. 4, '82. Died Jan. 2, 1883, of 
 spinal meningitis. 
 
 TAGGART, Alexander Patterson*: 
 
 Was born in 1850 in Beaver Co,, Pa.; was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1870, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed June 11, 1872, by Frankfort Pres., and ordained 
 Ap. 28, '74, by the same; was S. S. for a few months at W. 
 Beaver, and died near Chase City, Mecklenburgh Co., Va., 
 Feb. 12, 1875. 
 
 TAGGART, James Clark: 
 
 Was born July 31, 1840, near E. Palestine, Columbiana 
 Co., O. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1866, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 16, 1868, by Alle- 
 
6o6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 gheny Pres., and ordained June 30, '69, by Steuben ville; 
 pastor at E. Liverpool, Columbiana Co., O., since ordination; 
 served three years in the army during the civil war. 
 
 TAGGART, Robert Brewster: 
 
 Was born Sept. 16, 1842, in E. Palestine, Columbiana Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1865, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia and Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 8, 1868, by 
 First New York Pres., and ordained Sept. 2, '69, by Dela- 
 ware; pastor at N. Kortright, N. Y., Sept., 1869-Ap. 29, '73; 
 Second Ch., Washington, la., June 9, 1874-Ap. 13, '76; Mt. 
 Pleasant, Westmoreland Co., Pa., Sept. 4, 1877-June 13, '83; 
 Prof, in Westminster College i885-'6. Publications: A 
 number of articles in the Evangelical Repository. 
 
 TAGGART, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1750, in Londonderry, New Hampshire; 
 was graduated at Dartmouth in 1774, and ordained in 1781 
 by one of the independent Presbyteries of New England; 
 joined the Third Asso. Ref. Presbytery Feb. 13, 1783; was 
 pastor in Coleraine, Franklin Co., Mass., from his ordination 
 until his death, which took place Ap. 25, 182 1. Passed out 
 of the Asso. Ref. Ch., with the Pres, of Londonderry. In 
 1803 he was elected to Congress and served {or fourteen years; 
 during all this time his pastoral relation with his congrega- 
 tion was not disturbed. 
 
 TAGGART, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 26, 1803, in county Antrim, Ireland; was 
 graduated at the Western University in 1831, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. i, 1834, by Monon- 
 gahela Pres., and ordained Ap. 14, '35, by the same; was in- 
 stalled at ordination over W. Middletown, Washington Co., 
 Pa., and Mt. Vernon; resigned the latter in 1845 ^^^ ^^ 
 former in Ap., 1855; went west and received a call from Har- 
 mony, 111. ; was afflicted with the ague, and returned next 
 year to Penn., and in Sept., 1856, was recalled by his old 
 congregation at W. Middletown, where he remained until 
 Sep. 1884; died Oct. 21, 1885. 
 
 TAGGART, Samuel Alexander: 
 
 vSon of Rev. Samuel; was born Oct. 2, 1844, at W. Middle- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 607 
 
 town, Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1865, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed in Ap,, 1867, by Sidney 
 Pres., and ordained May 12, '68, by Indiana; pastor at Spring 
 Hill, Ind., May 1868-Nov. '68; pastor at Turtle Creek, Pa., 
 Dec. 20, 1870-Ap. II, '71; joined the Presbyterian Ch. in 
 1871, and has been, since 1871, State Secretary of the Young 
 Men's Christian Association of Pennsylvania. 
 
 TAGGART, William, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1783; spent the last three years of his classical 
 and literary education, in connection with Dr. S. Findley, 
 with the Rev. Alex. Calderhead at St. Clairsville, O. ; studied 
 theology four years in New York under Dr. Mason; was 
 licensed Sept. 2, 1813, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 Nov. 9, '14, by the same; was installed at ordination over 
 Cadiz and Upper Wheeling, Harrison and Belmont counties 
 O. ; he resigned the former June 20, '38, and retained the lat- 
 ter until '55, and died Sept., 11, 1865, at Uniontowu, O., 
 from the decay of age. 
 
 TARR, Casper W. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 18, 1856, at Holliday's Cove, Hancock Co., 
 W. Va. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1878, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 2, 1881, by Frankfort 
 Presbytery, and ordained Sept. 25, '82, by Neosho. 
 TATE, John Torrence (A.): 
 
 Was born Nov. 5, 1820, near Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1846, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 18, 1850, by Miami Pres., and ordained Sept., 
 15, '53, by Iowa; pastor of Pleasant Valley, Keokuk Co., la., 
 1 854-' 70; recalled and pastor of the same since July 6, '75,, 
 and Westminster from '78-' 87. 
 TAYLOR, James Walker: 
 
 Was born Sept. 8, 1828, in New Athens, O., but brought 
 up in Iberia, Morrow Co. ; was graduated at Westminster in. 
 1858, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed in Ap.,, 
 1862, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained June 14, '65, by Sid- 
 ney; pastor of Darby and Sugar Run, June, 1865-Dec. '67; 
 North wood, O., Feb. i868-Ap., '71; Londonderry and Tippe- 
 canoe, Guernsey Co., O., since Aug. 17, 1876. 
 
6o8 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 TAYLOR, John: 
 
 Was born in Cabin Hill, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1867, and studied theology at Mon- 
 mouth and Newburgh; was licensed July 2, 1867, by Dela- 
 ware Pres., and ordained June 12, '72, by Minnesota; pastor 
 of Argyle, Redwood Co., Minn., July 20, 1872-Oct. 15, '73; 
 S. S. and pastor of Cottonwood Falls, Chase Co., Kan., 1876- 
 Mar. 21, '83; Victoria la., S. S. 1884. 
 
 TAYLOR, John: 
 
 Was born July 25, 1844, at Cadiz, O. ; was graduated at 
 Muskingum in 1873, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Sept. 6, 1875, by West Missouri Pres., and ordained 
 May 9, '76, by the same; pastor at Bethel, Mo., Aug. 3, 
 1876-July 16, '78; S. S. at Warrensburg, Mo., i88c>-'3. 
 
 TAYLOR, John Erwin: 
 
 Was born in Allegheny Co. , Pa. ; was graduated at Frank- 
 lin in 1853, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 14, 1857, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained Aug. 24, 
 '59, by Saratoga; pastor at Cabin Hill, Delaware Co., N, Y., 
 Aug., 1 859-' 66; became disabled and had to give up the 
 active duties of the ministry; joined the Congregational Ch. 
 and is engaged in gold mining in Colorado. 
 
 TAYLOR, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was most probably an Irishman by birth and education; 
 about 1823 he became S. S. to the Presbyterian congregation 
 in Madrid, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., and Sept. 2, 1826, he 
 and the congregation joined the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Washing- 
 ton; became pastor of the Madrid church in 1827, ^"^ ^^- 
 signed Sept. 2, ^2i7i because of the infirmities of age, and soon 
 afterward died. 
 
 TAYLOR, William (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1809 near Cadiz, O. ; was academically edu- 
 cated, and studied theology- with the Rev. Alex. McCoy; was 
 licensed May 13, 1829, by the Ref Dissenting Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 19, '31, by the same; was pastor of the Dissenting 
 congregations of Cherry Fork, Eagle Creek, Scioto, Brush 
 Creek and Xenia, in Ohio, Ap., 1831-May, '38. On the 
 28th of May, 1838, he joined the Asso. Ref Pres. of Chilli- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 609 
 
 cotlie, and as his health was beginniti^^ to fail he took no 
 charge, but taught a classical school in Ripley, O., as long as 
 able. He died May i, 1842, from consumption. 
 
 TEAS, John: 
 
 Was born Oct, 28, 1848; was graduated at the College of 
 the City of New York, and studied theology at Newburgh; 
 was licensed May 5, 1871, by the Second Pres. of New York, 
 and ordained May 7, '72, by First New York; pastor in Pat- 
 erson, N. J., May, 1872-Ap., ''^']\ Tenth Ch., Philadelphia, 
 since Jan. 14, 1878. 
 
 TEDFORD, James Harvey: 
 
 Was born Mar. 4, 1832, at Portland Mills, Ind. ; was grad- 
 uated at South Hanover in 1856, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed June 8, 1859, by Michigan Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. i, '62, by Mercer; pastor at Greenville, Mercer 
 Co., Pa., Ap., 1862-May 2, '65; Bethsaida, Tipton Co., Ind., 
 June, 1866-Sept. 25, '77; Mt. Ayr, la., June 10, 1879-85; 
 is now editor at Mt. Ayr. 
 TEDFORD, James Pringi^e*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 13, 1853, i^ Louisa Co., la.; was educated 
 at Monmouth, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 Ap. 6, 1881, by the Keokuk Pres., and ordained May 31, '81, 
 by Chillicothe; pastor of Greenfield and Fall Creek, O., from 
 ordination until his death, Feb. 10, 1885, from consumption. 
 
 TELFAIR, David (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born and educated in Scotland, and ordained in 1746 
 in the Associate Ch., and when the Synod divided in 1747 he 
 adhered to the Burgher wing, and became pastor at the 
 Bridge of Tieth. On the 12th of Nov., 1765, the Burgher 
 Synod appointed him and Samuel Kinloch, a licentiate, to go 
 to America, and "remain until Ap., 1767, unless it should 
 see fit to recall or extend their appointments. They were to 
 preach not only in Philadelphia and New Cambridge, N. Y. 
 (the places whence petitions had come to Synod for preachers), 
 but in any other places where they might find an opening." 
 They landed in the early summer of 1766, and Mr. Telfair 
 spent most of his time with the Burgher congregation in 
 Shippen St., Philadelphia. When Ap., 1767, came, Telfair 
 
6lO THE MINISTRY. 
 
 and Kinloch concluded to remain permanently in this coun- 
 try, and on the 9th of June, '67, they joined the Asso. Pres. 
 of Pennsylvania (Anti-burgher). They both changed their 
 minds, and in 1769 Mr. Kinloch returned to Scotland, and 
 soon became pastor of the Burgher Ch. in Paisley, and so re- 
 mained until his death. In 1768 Mr. Telfair returned to 
 Scotland, resumed his charge at the Bridge of Tieth, and re- 
 mained until '71, when he came back to America, remained 
 as an independent Burgher minister until Aug. 12, '80, when 
 he joined the Ref. (Covenanter) Pres., and with that Presby- 
 tery came into the Asso. Ref Ch. at the union of 1782. He 
 served his old church in Shippen St., from his return in '71 
 until '88, when he resigned because of his age, and died in 
 Philadelphia in 1789, and was buried in the old burying 
 ground on Shippen St., near Fourth. 
 
 TELFORD, John Cree(A.): 
 
 Grandson of the Rev. John Cree; was born Aug. 22, 182 1, 
 near East Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1844, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 20, 1848, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Jan. 
 I, '50, by Clarion; pastor of Mahoning and connections Jan., 
 1850-Ap., '67; W. Union and Olivet, in Indiana Co., Pa., 
 since May, 1867, resigning Olivet Ap. 15, 1879. . 
 
 TELFORD, Morrison Samuel: 
 
 Brother of John C. ; was born July 3, 1834, in Hebron, 
 Washington Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1861, and studied theology at Xenia and Allegheny; was li- 
 censed in Ap., 1863, by Conemaugh Pres., and ordained June 
 16, '64, by the same; pastor of Jacksonville and Crete, June, 
 1864-Ap., 18, '72; Beaver Run, Beechwoods and Cherry 
 Run, Jefferson Co., Pa., Feb. 6, 1873-Ap. 12, '82; Hanover, 
 Beaver Co., Pa., June 13, 1882- 
 
 TEMPLETON, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1805 in Union Co., Pa., and went in early 
 life to Canonsburg; was graduated at Jefferson in 1824, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed July 8, 1829, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained July 26, '30, by Miami; pas- 
 tor at Sugar Creek, O., July, 1830-July, '38; Granville, Put- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 6x1 
 
 nam Co., 111., Nov., 1839, until his death, Dec. 3, 1843, ^^^^ 
 inflammation of the lungs. 
 THOMAS, Andrew (A.): 
 
 Was received in the spring of 1854 by the Asso. Pres. of 
 New York; pastor of Williamsburg, Long Island, N. Y., May 
 18, 1854-Dec., '55; Providence, R. I., Dec. 20, i855-'57; 
 Johnstown, N. Y., May, 1858-July 14, '63; W. Delhi, Dela- 
 ware Co., N. Y., 1 863-' 67; and soon after left the church. 
 
 THOMAS, Elam Z. : 
 
 Was born May 23, 1841, in Lawrence Co., Pa.; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1872, by Butler Pres., and 
 ordained Dec. 16, '73, by Westmoreland; pastor of Unity, 
 Westmoreland Co., Pa., since ordination. Served for one 
 year in the ranks during the civil war. 
 
 THOME, James Lane: 
 
 Was born Jan. 13, 1848, in Washington Co., Pa. ; was grad- 
 uated at Monmouth in 1872, and studied theology in Xenia 
 and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 27, 1875, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. 4, ^y/^ by Keokuk; pastor at Winfield, 
 Henry Co., la., since ordination. 
 
 THOMPSON, Charles*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 26, 1831, in Salem, N. Y. ; was educated at 
 Monmouth and studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed 
 Ap., 1862, by Chicago Pres., and ordained June 17, '63, by 
 Monmouth; pastor of Oquawka and Olena, 111., from his or- 
 dination until his death, Jan. 2, 1866. 
 THOMPSON, David (A.): 
 
 Was born in July, 1806, at Coothill, county Cavan, Ire- 
 land; was graduated at Jefferson in 1829, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Canonsburg; was licensed Mar. 18, 1834, by Chartiers 
 Pres., and ordained Sept., 12, '38, by the same; pastor of Mt. 
 Hope and Cross Creek, Sept., 1838-June 15, '47; Clear Fork, 
 Guernsey Co., O., June, i86i-May, '74. Most of the time 
 between these pastorates was spent in missionary work in the 
 Territories of Oregon and Washington. Is retired and in- 
 firm at Monmouth, 111. Publications: Songs to be Sung in 
 the Worship of God, pp. 21, 1848; How to Make a Will, pp. 
 
6l2 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 lOo; a large number of elaborate and exhaustive papers in 
 the Repository ^ among which are Common Benefits, Whether 
 Purchased by Christ; The Use of Instrumental Music in 
 Divine Worship; Popish Baptism not Valid. 
 
 THOMPSON, Horatio, D. D., (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Ap. i, 1799, in Cambridge, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Union in 1823, and studied theology in Philadelphia under 
 Dr. Banks; was licensed July 10, 1828, by Cambridge Pres., 
 and ordained in Mar., '34, by the Carolinas, as pastor of Ebe- 
 nezer. Timber Ridge and Broad Creek, Va. The Associate 
 Pres., of the Carolinas declined the authority of the Asso. 
 Synod in 1839 and remained independent until Ap. 15, 1844, 
 when it was united with the Asso. Ref. Synod of the South. 
 It contained at that time only Dr. Thompson and John Pat- 
 rick. About this time Dr. Thompson's charge was rear- 
 ranged so that it was composed of Timber Ridge and Old 
 Providence, and so remained until his death. May 3, 1882. 
 THOMPSON, Hugh Hogue, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Oct. 13, 1819, in Belmont Co., O. ; was educated 
 at Franklin and Madison Colleges, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 23, 1845, t)y Second Ohio Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 9, '47, by the Lake; pastor of Cochranton, 
 Crawford Co., Pa., Oct., 1847-Feb. 7, '65; in connection with 
 Sandy Creek, Sept., 1847-May, '55, and Meadville, May, 
 1855-May, '60; Urbana, O., June, 13, 1865-Ap. 2, '78. Pub- 
 lication: The History of Sidney Pres., pp. 88, 1879. 
 
 THOMPSON, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born June 20, 1821, in Washington Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at Jefferson in 1845, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed June 13, 1849, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 ordained July 13, '52, by Cambridge; pastor of S. Argyle, N. 
 Y., July, 1852-Mar., '53. On Mar. 29, 1853, ^^ "^^^ trans- 
 ferred to a new congregation on W. 25th St., New York, 
 where he remained until his death, which occurred suddenly 
 from apoplexy Ap. 28, 1871. 
 
 THOMPSON, James Lorimer: 
 
 Was born July 26, 1851, near Smithfield, O. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1874, and studied theology at Xenia and Alle- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 613 
 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 11, 1877, by Stenbenville Pres., and 
 ordained June 11, '78, by Boston; pastor of Whitinsville, 
 Mass., from ordination until Ap. 12, '82; S. S. Alpina, Mich., 
 i884-'6; Lyndon, N. Y., July, '87. 
 THOMPSON, John, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was received in 1851 by the Asso. Pres. of New York from 
 the Free Ch. of Scotland, and installed pastor of the First 
 Ch., in Grand St., New York; in June, 1853, he and the con- 
 gregation passed to the Presbyterian Ch. He subsequently 
 returned to Scotland, and joined the Kirk. 
 
 THOMPSON, Joseph (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1812 in Carroll Co., Ind. ; was educated at 
 Academy, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Aug. 2, 1838, by the Pres. of Indiana, and ordained in '40, 
 by Illinois; pastor at Hopewell, Perry Co., 111., i84o-'46; of 
 Camden and Burnett's Creek, Ind., from 1847 until his death, 
 which occurred at his home in White Co., Dec. 7, 1852, from 
 typhoid fever. The writing of the "Hoosier's Nest" has fre- 
 quently been credited to him. This is a mistake, for that 
 poem was written by John Findley, of Richmond, Ind., for 
 the Indiaiiapolis Journal^ where it was published in Jan., 
 1830. Mr. Thompson had his peculiar characteristics, which 
 every one could see, but back of these lay a wonderful amount 
 of genuine principle and tireless industry. 
 
 THOMPSON, Joseph Addison: 
 
 Son of Samuel F. ; was born Feb. 8, i860, at Ross' Grove, 
 De Kalb Co., 111.; was graduated at Monmouth in 1882, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1886, by 
 New York Pres., and ordained Ap. 7, '87, by Garnett; pastor 
 of Chetopa, Labette Co., Kan., from ordination until July 
 14, '87; President of Tarkio College since July, 1887. 
 THOMPSON, Joseph Russell (A.)*: 
 
 Brother of the Rev. James; was born Sept. 15, 1823, in 
 Washington Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1848, and 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Oct. 28, 1851, 
 by Chartiers Pres., and ordained Ap. 28, '53, by the same; 
 was pastor of Mt. Pleasant, Washington Co., Pa., from ordi- 
 nation until his death, Dec. 16, 1861. There was a third 
 
6l4 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 brother, Alexander Wilson Thompson, born Dec. 26, 1816, 
 who died as a licentiate Nov. 12, '54, on the eve of his 
 settlement as the snccessor of his brother at S. Argyle, N. Y. 
 These three brothers were men of excellent mind and ster- 
 ling character, and left pleasant memories. 
 THOMPSON, JosiAH (A.): 
 
 Was born near Canonsburg; was graduated at Jefferson in 
 1845, and studied theology at the Western Theo. Sem., Alle- 
 gheny (Presbyterian); was licensed Oct. 21, 1856, by Char- 
 tiers Pres., and ordained Jan. 14, '58, by the same; pastor of 
 Clinton, Allegheny Co., Pa., Jan., 1858-Ap. 25, '66; of Cen- 
 treview, West Mo., 1868-Aug. 29, '73; Four Mile, Beaver 
 Co., Pa., Feb. 19, 1875-Feb. 4, '78; returned to his farm near 
 Centreview, Mo., and in Ap. 1880, joined the Presbyterian 
 Ch. , and is without charge. 
 
 THOMPSON, Robert Graham (A. R.) 
 
 Was born May 31, 1816, in Butler Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Madison College, Antrim, O., in 1839, and studied theol- 
 ogy at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 19, 1843, ^y Second Ohio 
 Pres., and ordained Aug. 14, '45, by Mansfield; was installed 
 at ordination over Auburn, in Richland Co., DeKalb, in 
 Crawford Co. , and Eden, near Tiffin, in Seneca Co. , O. ; 
 exchanged Eden for Upper Sandusky in '56; resigned Au- 
 burn in '58, and the others in '60; was Principal of De- 
 Kalb Academy 1857-Ap., '63; was chaplain of 64th Ohio 
 Regiment in the civil war July i, 1863, till mustered out 
 Jan. 5, '66; organized and supplied Kingsville and Holden, 
 in West Mo., in 1866; gave up the former in '69 and the lat- 
 ter in '74; still preaches as his health allows. 
 
 THOMPSON, Rankin J.: 
 
 Son of Rev. David; was born in 1844 in Washington Co., 
 Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 1868, and studied the- 
 ology at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 18, 187 1, 
 by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Ap. 14, '74, by Garnett; 
 was pastor of Halsey and Calipooia, in Oregon, for a short 
 time; supplied Arkansas City and El Paso, in Kan., and after 
 being infirm several years, pastor of Sterling, Kan., Nov. i, 
 1882-Sept. 9, '85. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 615 
 
 THOMPSON, Samuel Findley (A. R.): 
 
 Was born May 17, 1828, near Fairview, Guernsey Co., O., 
 and brought up near Auburn, Crawford Co. ; was graduated 
 at Franklin in 1850, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Oxford; was licensed Ap. 21, 1852, by Mansfield Pres., and 
 ordained Aug. 7, '55, by Boston; pastor at Lawrence, Mass., 
 Aug., 1855-July 10, '57; pastor of Ross Grove, DeKalb Co., 
 111., May 4, 1858-Ap. 3, '62; resigned because of asthma, 
 and tried rest and farming for two or three years; was S. S. 
 at Camp Creek, Chicago Pres., i864-'68; was sent as a mis- 
 sionary to Tenn., and commenced labor July, 1868, at Dick- 
 son and Nails Creek; congregations have been organized in 
 both places, and he serves them still. 
 
 THOMPSON, William Rowland: 
 
 Was born in Ohio, educated at Hopedale College, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed June 8, 1886, by Wheel- 
 ing Pres., and ordained Sept. 20, '87, by the same; pastor of 
 High Ridge, O., and Buchanan Hill, W. Va., since ordina- 
 tion. 
 
 THORN, Daniel McLean: 
 
 Was born June 15, 1838, in Lawrence Co., Pa.; was grad- 
 uated at Westminster in 1864, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed in Aug. of 1866 by Mercer Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 14, '68, byConemaugh; pastor of Mahoning, Armstrong 
 Co., Pa., Oct., i868-'7o; Biggsville, 111., Aug. 28, 1871- 
 Aug., '72; Emsworth, Allegheny Co., Pa., Sept. 8, 1873- 
 May 2, '76; Buena Vista, Westmoreland Co., Pa., Dec. 16, 
 i879-'87; pastor Madison and Sewickly, Pa., since Sept. 6, 
 1887. 
 
 THYNE, Joseph: 
 
 Was born Nov. 20, 1830, in Albany, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Union in 1858, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 June 26, i860, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Aug. 22, '61, by 
 Delaware; pastor at Springfield, Otsego Co., N. Y., Aug., 
 i86i-'66; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and served a congre- 
 gation in N. J., i866-'9; since which time he has been a 
 teacher in Fulton Co. , N. Y. 
 
6l6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 TIDE ALL, Milford: 
 
 Was born Dec. i6, 1852, near Chili, Coshocton Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Monmouth in 1876, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 8, 1879, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 9, '81, by Wabash; pastor at Idaville, White Co., 
 Ind., Ap. 9, i88i-Ap. 12, '84; Columbus City, la., May 23, 
 1884. 
 TIMMONS, Joseph Hamilton: 
 
 Was born Jan. 25, 1830, in Brook Co., W. Va, ; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1854, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 19, 1859, by Wheeling Presbytery, 
 and ordained June 13, '60, by Allegheny; pastor at Taren- 
 tum, Allegheny Co., Pa., June 13, i860-' 84; Chartiers Cross 
 Roads, Sept. 5, 1884. 
 
 TODD, Daniel: 
 
 Was born at Old Monkland, near Glasgow, Scotland; was 
 graduated at Glasgow University and studied theology in the 
 United Presbyterian Divinity Hall, Edinburgh: was licensed 
 in Jan., 1856, by the United Presbyterian Presbytery of 
 Glasgow; came to the U. S. in i860, and was ordained May 
 14, '62, by Chicago; pastor of Chemung, 111., i862-'4; S. S. 
 at Highland, la., i868-'79. 
 
 TODD, Hugh Wallace (A.): 
 
 Was received in 1856 by the Asso. Pres., of New York as 
 a licentiate from the Congregational Ch. of Scotland, and 
 was ordained in the spring of '57 by New York Pres. ; pastor 
 at Paterson, N. J., spring 1857-July 27, '69; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch., and is at Vandalia, 111. 
 TODD, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Jan. 25, 1806, near New Sheffield, in Beaver Co., 
 Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1837, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed July 6, 1841, by Chartiers Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 6, '43, by Allegheny; pastor from ordina- 
 tion at Jefferson, Beaver Run and Upper Piney, in Jefferson 
 and Clarion counties, Pa. ; resigned Jefferson in 1858 to take 
 charge of the Brookville Academy; resigned Academy and 
 the two congregations in June, 1865; traveled for health's 
 sake for tour years; pastor of Springfield, Randolph Co., 111., 
 
THE MINISTRY. 617 
 
 May 1870-Ap. '72, and afterwards retired to Burgettstown, 
 Pa., and from active labors, where he died Sept. 30, 1881. 
 
 TOMB, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Son of David Tomb, one of the ruling elders who came 
 with Dr. Clark from Ireland; was born Jan. i, 1766, at Wall- 
 kill, N. Y. ; was educated at Columbia College, and studied 
 theology with James Proudfit and the elder Dr. Mason; was 
 licensed May 27, 1789, by New York Pres., and ordained by 
 the "Presbytery at Eastward" in 1792 or 1793, and the coa- 
 lescence of that Presbytery with the Pres. of L/ondonderry 
 returned him to the Asso. Ref. Ch. for a short time; pastor at 
 New Market, N. H., Oct., 1794-7; Newbury, Mass., Nov., 
 1797-1805; of the Presbyterian Ch., Salem, N. Y., from Feb. 
 19, 1806, until his death. Mar. 28, 1832. A man of very 
 much more than average ability. 
 TOMPKINS, G. T.: 
 
 Was licensed in 1870 by Rock Island Pres., and ordained 
 June 14, '71, by the same; supplied Grandview, la., and then 
 left the church. 
 
 TOPPING, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1802 at Fairview, county Armagh, Ireland; 
 united with the Asso. Ch. near Castleblaney in 1819; received 
 a good classical and academic education, and came to Amer- 
 ica in 1834; taught school for a year, and then studied theol- 
 ogy at Newburgh; was licensed in May, 1839, by the Pres. 
 of New York, and ordained in Feb., '40, by Saratoga; pastor 
 a;t Burlington Green, Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb., 1840-June 19, 
 '44: Seneca, Ontario Co., N. Y., Nov., 1844, until his death, 
 Oct. 8, 1855, from typhoid dysentery. He was peculiarly and 
 tenderly devoted to his work. To his watchers he said: " It 
 is no difference to me which way the balance turns." Again: 
 "I will soon drink the wine new in my Father's kingdom." 
 When too feeble to speak above a whisper he suddenly turned 
 his eyes upward and fastened them there, and, clapping his 
 hands, he cried out: "Up! up! up!" He then folded his 
 hands, and without a struggle, calmly died. 
 
 TORRENCE, George Watt: 
 
 Was born Jan. 15, 1829, ^^ Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 39 
 
6l8 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Franklin in 1853, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 in Aug., 1857, by Miami Pres., and ordained June 16, '59, by 
 Kansas; pastor at Americus, Kan., June, 1859-Ap., '60; was 
 S. S. for some time at Martinsburg, O. ; missionary to the 
 freedmen i863-'4; a soldier in the civil war i864-'5; pastor 
 at Andrew and Bethel, in Iowa, 1866-Oct. 22, '73; Center- 
 view, Mo., Oct. II, 1874-Aug. 22, '76; East Union, O., 
 June II, 1879-Aug. 31, '80; S. S. and pastor North Branch 
 and Patterson, la., 1882- 
 ^ORRENCE, Hugh Wallace: 
 
 Was born Feb. 28, 1842, in New Brighton, Beaver Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1863, and studied the- 
 ology at Princeton; was licensed Mar. 29, 1865, by First New 
 York Pres., and ordained July 30, '67, by Philadelphia; was 
 pastor of Sixth Ch., Philadelphia, July, 1867-Oct. 17, '70; 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is pastor at Charleston, W. 
 Va. 
 
 TORRENCE, James Templeton: 
 
 Brother of George W. ; was born Mar. 20, 1832, at Xenia, 
 O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1853, ^^^ studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed June 9, 1857, by Miami Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 13, '59, by Cleveland; pastor of Stow and 
 Springfield, Summit Co., O. , Sept., 1859-May 14, '61; Fair- 
 fax, la.. May 20, 1865-Feb. 2, '69; of Sugar Branch, Rankin, 
 111., Sep. 13, 1875-Ap. 12, '83. 
 
 TOWNLEY, William*: 
 
 Was born Feb. 24, 1806, in Springfield, N. J. ; was grad- 
 uated at Princeton in 1830, and studied theology at Princeton; 
 was licensed in 1833, and ordained in '34, by the Presbyterian 
 Pres. of Elizabeth town; was settled as pastor successively at 
 Centerville, N. J., in 1835; Fish Pond, N. Y., in '38; Simp- 
 son's Prairie, Ind., in '44; at Crown Point, in Ind., '47; 
 joined the United Presbyterian Pres. of Monmouth in '60, 
 and for ten years performed very efficient missionary work. 
 Died Jan. 15, 1872, of congestion of the brain. 
 
 TRIS, Abraham C. (A.): 
 
 Was born July 13, 1817, at Zierikee, Netherlands; was 
 educated at the grammar school of Arnheim, and studied 
 
THE MINISTRY. 619 
 
 theology under the auspices of the Seceders from the Holland 
 Ref. Ch. ; was licensed Oct. 31, 1845, by the Seceder Classis 
 of Guelderland, and ordained Dec, 19, '45, by the Seceder 
 Classis of Zealand; installed at ordination as pastor at Groede; 
 called in 1851 from Holland as minister of the Dutch Re- 
 formed Seceder congregation in Albany, N. Y. ; joined the 
 Asso. Pres. of Albany in 1854; supplied Lacona, la., 1856- 
 '64; missionary to the Jews in New York and Secretary of the 
 American Society for Promoting Christianity among the 
 Jews, i864-'76; now residing at Howard, Kan. Publications: 
 Netherland as it is, 1848; The Return of Israel, 1856; The 
 Throne of Christ, i860; An Appeal in Behalf of the Jewish 
 Mission, 1867; An Inviting Call to the Children of Israel, a 
 Jewish tract published in English, Hebrew, German and 
 Spanish, 1871-75; edited the Star of BetJilchem^ a monthly 
 periodical, i87i-'76; The Witnesses and Their Testimony, 
 a pamphlet, 1878; The Antichrist and the Signs of his Com- 
 ing, a pamphlet, 1879; ^^ Israel a Nation or a Sect? 1879; 
 The Eastern or Turkish. Question, 1880; Satan, 1886. 
 
 TRUESDALE, John Clark: 
 
 Was born June 22, 1833, at Fredericksburg, O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Franklin in 1851, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed in the spring of 1857, ^Y Richland Pres., and 
 ordained Oct. 15, 1859, ^Y Conemaugh; was pastor at Brook- 
 viile and Jefferson, in Jefferson Co., Pa., Oct., 1859-Ap., '64; 
 Paxton, 111., 1866-Oct., '71; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 settled at Apple Creek, O. ; returned to the United Presbyter- 
 ian Ch. in 1886; pastor at Atlantic, la., since Aug., 1887. 
 
 TURNBULL, James H. : 
 
 Brother of Richard; was bom July i, 1842, at Hindley, 
 Roxboroshire, Scotland; was graduated at Monmouth in 1869, 
 and studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed in Ap., 1871, 
 by Monmouth Pres., and ordained June 19, '72, by Cedar 
 Rapids; pastor of Tranquillity, la., June, 1872-Oct. 6, '75; of 
 Fall River, Mass., Sept. 5, 1876-Oct. 14, '85; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. of Canada. 
 TURNBULL, James Scott: 
 
 Was born Mar. 21, 1845, ^" Greene Co., O. ; was graduated 
 
620 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 at Westminster in 1871, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 29, 1874, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Sept. 26, 
 '76, by Neosho; pastor of Ninniscah and Alta, Sedgwick Co., 
 Kan., since Aug. 22, 1877, resigning Alta Jan. i, '87. 
 TURNBULL, Richard: 
 
 Was born June 22, 1840, in Roxburghshire, Scotland; was 
 graduated at Monmouth in 1865, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 4, 1866, by Monmouth Pres., 
 and ordained Nov. 13, ''6']^ by Des Moines; pastor in Des 
 Moines, la., Nov., 1867-Ap. 16, '72; Third Ch., Xenia, Ap. 
 28, 1874-Sept. 17, '78; Detroit, Mich., since Nov. 21, 1878. 
 
 TURNBUIvL, Thomas Beveridge: 
 
 Was born in Monmouth, 111., Ap. 27, 1847; "^^^ graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1870, and studied theology at Monmouth 
 and Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 29, 1872, by Monmouth 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 16, '73, by Rock Island; pastor of 
 Aledo, 111., Ap., 1873-Sept. 25, '84; Argyle, N. Y., since 
 Dec. 31, 1884. Publication: A Sermon on Praise, pp. 30, 
 1879. 
 TURNER, Hugh Blair: 
 
 Was born Dec. 13, 1847, i^ Greene Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1872, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Jan. 26, 1875, by Xenia Pres., and ordained Feb. 27, 
 '^lli by Wisconsin; installed June 14, 1877, over Caledonia 
 and Buffalo, Marquette Co., Wis.; released from the former 
 Feb. 15, '78, and the latter in '80; of Dunbar, Neb., June 28, 
 i88i-Ap, 2, '84; Irwin, la. 
 
 TURNER, James Duff: 
 
 Was born Feb. 26, 1834, at Wilkinsburgh, Allegheny Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1859, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 26, i860, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 10, '61, by First Ohio; pastor in 
 Cincinnati Oct., i86i-Mar., '68; Union congregation, Alle- 
 gheny Co., Pa., June, 1868-June 30, '74; E. Eleventh St., 
 New York, Aug. 26, 1874-Dec. 24, ''']']\ Fourth, Pittsburgh, 
 since Ap. 23, 1878. 
 TURNER, Thomas (A. R.): 
 
 Brother of William D. ; was born in Anderson Co., S. C, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 621 
 
 about 1810; was graduated at Miami in 1832, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1835, by First Ohio 
 Pres., and ordained in the Asso. Ref. Synod of the South; 
 was received in Ap., 1858, by First Asso. Ref. Pres. of Illi- 
 nois from the Asso. Ref Pres. of Georgia, and supplied for 
 nearly two years West Union, in White Co., 111., when he 
 reconnected himself with the Asso. Ref. Synod of the South 
 because of his views upon slavery; now without charge. 
 
 TURNER, Thomas Ebenezer: 
 
 Was born Aug. 30, 1843, ^^ Ogden, Ind. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1866, and studied theology at Monmouth; was 
 licensed in Ap., 1868, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained 
 Dec. 28, '70, by Keokuk; pastor of Westminster, Washing- 
 ton Co., la., Dec, 1870-Mar. 14, '72; S. S. in Tennessee and 
 Illinois, 1872-8; pastor of Lisbon, Wis., since Aug. 22, 1878. 
 
 TURNER, William Dickey (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was bom Aug. 6, 1806, in Anderson Co., S. C. ; was grad- 
 uated at Miami University in 1832, and studied theology 
 mainly with Professors Bishop, McGuffy, Scott and Armstrong 
 of the University, who taught a theological class, and finished 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 21, 1835, by First Ohio Pres., 
 and ordained June 16, '36, by Indiana; was installed at ordi- 
 nation pastor of Bloomington, Ind., and remained until blind- 
 ness and feeble health compelled him to resign in 1869; re- 
 mained at Bloomington as an invalid. Died of heart disease 
 Aug. 6, 1883. 
 
 URE, David Meikleham, D. D. : 
 
 Was born May 10, 1834, in Sterlingshire, Scotland; was 
 graduated at Miami in 1858, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 8, 1861, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Oct. 8, '62, by Argyle; pastor at Argyle, N. 
 Y., Oct., 1862-Jan. 16, '72; Second Ch., Monmouth, 111., 
 Oct. 30, 1872 -Aug. 4, '74; General Agent and Treasurer of 
 Monmouth College, 1874-86. 
 
 VAN ATT A, Peter R. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1814; and received in 1853 by the Asso. Ref. 
 Pres. of Michigan from the Presbyterian Pres. of Logansport, 
 (O. S.) After two or three years supplying in Illinois he re- 
 
622 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 turned to the Presbyterian Cli., and lived at Lafayette, Ind., 
 where he died Aug. i6, 1885. 
 
 VANATTA, Samuel Findley (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 12, 1826, at Bridgeport, Belmont Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1849, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 12, 1853, by Steubenville Pres., 
 and ordained June 14, '55, by Iowa; was pastor of Brighton and 
 Washington, la., June, 1855-autumn of '63. In 1863 he and 
 his wife were appointed by the United Presbyterian Synod of 
 Iowa to go as missionaries to the Freedmen down the Missis- 
 sippi river. While on the steamer Brazil, between Vicksburg 
 and Natchez, they were fired upon by rebel guerrillas, and 
 Mrs. Vanatta was killed by a cannon ball, and he was so 
 severely wounded in the hip that he died May 30, 1864, in 
 the hospital at Vicksburg. 
 
 VANCE, John A. (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 12, 1823, near Mountville, Lawrence Co., 
 Pa. ; was educated at Jefferson, and studied theoldgy at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed June 21, 1848, by Shenango Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 27, '49, by Iowa; pastor of Pleasant Divide, 
 Monroe Co., la., Sept.. 1849-Ap., '56; Knoxville, la., 1860- 
 Ap. 15, '63; S. S. at Middletown, la., 1863-7; pastor of Lis- 
 bon and connections, in Waukesha Co., Wis., from 1867 until 
 his death. May 10, 1877. 
 
 VAN EATON, John, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 31, 1817, near Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami in 1843, ^"^ studied theology with Dr. Andrew Heron 
 and at Oxford Seminary; was licensed in Ap. , 1846, by Spring- 
 field Pres., and ordained Oct. 3, '49, by Caledonia; pastor in 
 Rochester, N. Y., Oct., 1849-June 29, '53; at York, Livings- 
 ton Co., N. Y., from the autumn of 1853 ^^^til his death. Mar. 
 5, 1880, from an affection of the heart. Publication: Lec- 
 tures on Haggai and Zechariah; i2mo. , pp. 366, 1882. 
 
 VAN NEST, Abraham Rynier, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in 1823 in New York city; was graduated at 
 Rutgers in 1841, and studied theology at New Brunswick; 
 was licensed in 1847 ^Y the Dutch Classis of New York, and 
 ordained in '48 by the same; was pastor of the Asso. Ref. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 623 
 
 Union congregation in Newbnrgh, N. Y., May, 1848, until 
 Nov. following; returned to the Ref. Dutch Ch., and was 
 pastor of 2ist St. Ch., New York, 1848-62; American Chap- 
 lain in Paris, France, i863-'4; in Rome, Italy, i864-'5; and 
 in Florence, Italy, 1866-75; pastor of the Third Dutch Ch., 
 Philadelphia, since May, 1878. 
 
 VEAZEY, John H. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 17, 1844, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was educated 
 privately, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 20, 1875, by Frankfort Pres., and ordained June 26, ''']']^ 
 by Allegheny; pastor of Fleming, Allegheny Co., Pa., June, 
 1877-83; Chase City, Va., 1884- 
 
 VERTICAN, F. W. : 
 
 Was received in Sept., 1878, by the Allegheny Presbytery 
 from the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has supplied sev- 
 eral congregations. 
 VINCENT, Alvan Stuart: 
 
 Son of Dr. George; was born Ap. 13, 1841, at New Athens, 
 O. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1868, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed May 11, 1870, by Mercer 
 Pres., and ordained Ap. 18, '72, by Keokuk; was pastor of 
 Brighton, la., Ap., 1872-Dec. 8, '79; at Spring Hill, Decatur 
 Co., Ind., since Ap. 17, 1880. In 1861 he left college and 
 volunteered in the Second Ohio Cavalry; served in the ex- 
 treme west, in Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas and the Indian 
 Territory, and came out of the service in the autumn of 1865 
 with the rank of captain. 
 
 VINCENT, George Carothers, D. D., LL. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Ap. 4, 1813, in Harrisville, Butler Co., Pa.; was' 
 graduated at Franklin in 1836, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed June 30, 1840, by Muskingum Pres.,, 
 and ordained Nov. 23, '41, by Illinois; pastor of Washington 
 and Grandview, la., 1841-Sept. 8, '47; Mercer Cross Roads 
 and Lebanon, Mercer Co., Pa., Dec. 1847-Dec. 28, '52; 
 Greek Prof in Westminster College and continued to be pas- 
 tor of Lebanon until 1869; Pastor of Brookville and Jeiferson, 
 Jefferson Co., Pa.; 1872-Aug. 3, '77. President of Franklin 
 College June 28, i877-'84. He was also editor of the West- 
 
624 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 minster Herald 2l\\^ assistant editor of the United Presbyterian 
 for six years. Pastor at Latrobe and Fairmount, Pa., since 
 Ap. 14, 1885. 
 
 VINCENT, William Hanna: 
 
 Son of Dr. George; was born Oct. 24, 1848, in Mercer, Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology 
 at Newburgh and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 17, 1872, by 
 First New York Pres., and ordained June 16, '74, by West- 
 moreland; pastor of Fairfield, Ap. 10, 1872-July '87; Mans- 
 field, O., since Aug. 9, 1887. 
 
 WADDELL, Joseph Buchanan*: 
 
 Was born July 20, 1836, in Ohio Co., W. Va. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in i860, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 9, 1862, by Wheeling, and ordained Sept. 
 15, '63, by the Lake; pastor of Evansburgh (and Shenango, 
 Pa., part of the time) Sept., 1863-May '71; of Center, Wash- 
 ington Co., Pa., June 10, 1873, till death. Died Feb. 12, 
 1886. 
 
 WADDLE, Benjamin, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 2, 1802, near Wheeling, W. Va. ; was classi- 
 cally educated at Wheeling Academy, and studied theology 
 ai Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 28, 1828, by Second Ohio 
 Pres., and ordained May 6, '29, by the same; pastor of Jona- 
 than's Creek, Rush Creek, Thornville (and for a year Zanes- 
 ville,) O., May 1829-Ap. '36; in the summer of 1836 he be- 
 came pastor of Crooked Creek, Salt Creek, Lebanon and 
 East Union, but in '49 these congregations had so increased 
 that he resigned all but Crooked Creek, now known as New 
 Concord, Muskingum Co., O. , which he retained until Nov. 
 '58; pastor of Kenton, Hardin Co., O. , from Dec, 1859, un- 
 til his death, May 16, 1879. He was one of the founders of 
 Muskingum College, and for a time its President and an act- 
 ing Professor. He also represented Hardin Co., in the State 
 Legislature for one term. He had an eye single to his Mas- 
 ter, so that his influence everywhere and in all relations was 
 for good. 
 
 WADDLE, John McMaghen: 
 
 Was born July 4, 1837, near Wheeling, W. Va. ; was grad- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 625 
 
 uated at Franklin in 1858, and studied theology at Allegheny 
 and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 7, 1862, by Wheeling Pres., and 
 ordained May 14, '63, by Chillicothe; pastor at Decatur, 
 Brown Co., O., May, i863-'68; of Young America, Warren 
 Co., 111., 1868-Aug. 27, '76; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and 
 is now pastor at Knoxville, 111. 
 
 WADDLE, William Glenn, D. D. : 
 
 Son of Dr. Benjamin; was born Feb. 12, 1835, at Rushville, 
 Fairfield Co., O. ; was graduated at Muskingum in 1855, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Oct. 13, 1857, by 
 Second Ohio Pres., and ordained Nov. 16, '59, by Wheeling; 
 was installed at ordination over Cassville, Tippecanoe and 
 Franklin, in Harrison Co., O. ; resigned Franklin June 10, 
 '62, and Tippecanoe Oct. 21, '69; was installed over Unity 
 Nov. 30, '69, and still serves it and Cassville. With the 
 consent of his congregation he was elected and served as a 
 member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention of i873-'4. 
 
 WADE, Nixon Everette: 
 
 Was born in Londonderry, Ireland; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1863, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Xenia; was licensed June 21, 1865, by Butler Pres., and or^ 
 dained May 7, '66, by First Ohio; pastor at Richmond, Ind., 
 May, 1866-Oct. 5, '69; Red Oak, la., Ap., 1871-June 20, '73; 
 West Union and Pine Creek, Allegheny Co., Pa., June 8, 
 1875-June 10, '84; Carrollton and Connotton, O., June 14, 
 1886- 
 
 WAIT, Joshua W.*: 
 
 Was born Aug. lo, 1840, in Ottawa, Canada; was graduated 
 at W^estminster in 1870, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Mar. 27, 1870, by the Pres. of Tennessee, and 
 ordained Mar. 11, '73, by the same; pastor of Hopewell, 
 Lincoln Co., Tenn., Mar., 1873-Mar. 28, '78; died Dec. 17, 
 1878, at Americus, Kan., of consumption. 
 
 WALKER, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received in the spring of 1799 by the First Asso. Ref, 
 Pres. of Pennsylvania as a probationer from the Asso. Pres. 
 of Down, Ireland, and was ordained on the 4th of Sept., 1799, 
 by Big Spring; was pastor of Shippensburg and Chambers- 
 
626 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 burg, Pa., Sept., I7q9-Aiig. 8, 1820; of Brush Creek, West- 
 moreland Co., Pa., Dec, 1820-Ap. 9, '23; for a number of 
 years he supplied vacancies, and died Feb. 28, 1851, at 
 Savannah, O. 
 WALKER, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1786 in Washington Co., Pa. ; was educated at 
 Jefferson, and studied theology with Dr. Anderson at Service; 
 was licensed in the summer of 1809 by the Pres. of Ohio, and 
 ordained July 11, '11, by the same; pastor of Mercer and con- 
 nections in Pennsylvania, 1811-Sept. 14, '14; was installed 
 over Unity, Mt. Pleasant and Cadiz, Harrison Co., O., in 
 the summer of 1815; as his congregations increased he re- 
 signed Cadiz in '18, but retained the others until his death, 
 which occurred Mar. 8, 1845, from erysipelas. He was not 
 distinguished for scholarship, but possessed an exceedingly 
 enthusiastic temperament, which made him very energetic 
 and active in his labors. He was a pioneer in the temperance 
 cause even to total abstinence; was very decided in his oppo- 
 sition to Free Masonry, and was intensely bitter in his hos- 
 tility to slavery. He was always ready, even anxious, to 
 defend his views nnd oppose what he regarded as error. 
 Hence he was engaged in a number of public discussions, the 
 most memorable of which was with iVlexander Campbell, the 
 founder of the Campbellite Baptists. He was desirous of es- 
 tablishing a classical school in Harrison Co., and as none of 
 the villages would take hold of the matter, he, in connection 
 with a neighbor, laid out a town upon the adjacent parts of 
 their farms, called it New Athens, started a classical school, 
 and rested not until he succeeded in getting from the Legis- 
 lature the charter of Franklin College. He studied medicine 
 in his youth, and practiced more or less in an amateur way 
 during his whole ministry, and in his later years felt a neces- 
 sity to open a regular practice, for the burning of his house, 
 a boundless hospitality, and a general financial mismanage- 
 ment, made him sometimes very poor. 
 
 WALKER, John H. : 
 
 Was graduated in 1861 at Washington College, la., and 
 studied theology at Xenia and Monmouth; was licensed Aug. 
 20, 1862, by Keokuk Pres., and ordained Oct. 10, '63, by 
 
THE MINISTRY. 627 
 
 Chicago; was S. S. of the Second United Presbyterian Ch. in 
 Chicago i863-'5; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is pastor 
 in Chicago. 
 
 WALKER, Joseph*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 24, 1827, in Adams Co., Pa., and reared at 
 Jonathan's Creek, Perry Co., O. ; was graduated at Miami in 
 1852, and studied theology at Newburgh and Allegheny; was 
 licensed in 1855 by the Second A. R. Pres. of Ohio; was 
 Prof of Mathematics in Madison College i856-'9, and the 
 same in Muskingum College i859-'6i; was ordained Feb. 
 20, '62, by he Claire; supplied for a season at Cedar Rapids, 
 la., but his health proving insufficient for pastoral work he 
 returned to Ohio and resumed his professorship in Muskin- 
 gum College in the autumn of 1862 and retained it until 
 his death, which occurred Dec. 17, 1869, f^"oni consumption. 
 WALKER, Joseph R. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Oct. 17, 1822, in Dublin, Ireland; received his 
 preparatory education in his native city, and was graduated 
 at Duquesne College in 1847, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Mar. 27, 1850, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained May 14, '52, by Indiana; pastor at New Zion, 
 Decatur Co., Ind., May, 1852-Sept., 1868; joined the Pres- 
 byterian Ch., and died at Greensburg, Ind., without charge, 
 June 15, 1886. Publications: The Decrees of God, Asso.' 
 Ref. Pulpit, Vol. V; a pamphlet on Slavery. 
 
 WALKER, Nathaniel Ross: 
 
 Was born June 29, 1851, in Steubenville, O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1874, and studied theology at Yale 
 and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 11, 1877, by Steubenville 
 Pres., and ordained Nov. 11, '79, by Indiana; pastor of Cale- 
 donia, Ind., from ordination till Oct. i, '82; of Living Lake 
 and Grand Prairie, la., Nov., i, 1883-Ap. 6, '86; Alpena 
 Mich., since Spring 1887. 
 
 WALKER, William Houston (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1815 in Mercer Co., Pa.; was graduated at 
 Franklin in 1833, and studied theology at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed in the summer of 1838 by Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 26, '39, by Chartiers; pastor of Ohio cougrega- 
 
628 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 tion, in Beaver Co., Pa., from liis ordination till his death, 
 June 23, 184 1. 
 
 WALKINSHAW, James Daugherty: 
 
 Was born Feb. 14, 1832, at Saltsburg, Indiana Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1854, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Oct, 27, 1858, by Westmoreland 
 Pres. , and ordained June 20, '60, by the same; pastor of Beu- 
 lah and Union, June, i86o-'65; W. Newton and Sewickley, 
 1865-Dec. 21, '69; joined the Presbyterian Ch. ; was pastor 
 at Martinsburg, O., and then of Upper Buffalo, Washington 
 Co. , Pa. , and of Wellsburgh, West Va. and Millersburg, O. 
 
 WALLACE, Alexander GiLFiLLAN, D. D. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 2, 1829, iiear Bridgeville, Allegheny Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated in 1847 ^^ Jefferson, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1852, by Monongahela 
 Pres., and ordained June, 6, '54, by Blairsville; was installed 
 pastor of McKeesport and Bethel, Westmoreland Co., at or- 
 dination; was released from the former Ap. i, '57, and from 
 the latter Ap. i, '68; pastor of New Brighton, Beaver Co., 
 Ap. i868-Ap. 27, '84. He has been the Second Clerk of the 
 Gen. Ass. since May, 1868, and Corresponding Secretary of 
 the Board of Church Extension since May, 1870. Editor 
 of the Evangelical Repository since May, 1886. Publications: 
 The Settlement of the Reformed Churches in Western Penn- 
 sylvania, United Presbyterian Quarterly, 1861; Sketch of 
 M. Henderson, Jr., in Sprageu's Annals; ofG. C. Arnold in 
 Wilson's Historical Almanac; several historical addresses at 
 church anniversaries, and numerous articles in the Repository^ 
 the histriictor and the U?iited Presbyteriaji. 
 
 WALLACE, David Alexander, D. D., LL. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Nephew of Dr. William; was born June 16, 1826, in Ox- 
 ford township, Guernsey Co. , O. ; was graduated at Miami 
 in 1846, and studied theology at Oxford and Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 10, 1849, by Second Ohio Pres., and 
 ordained June 3, '51, by New York; pastor at Fall River, 
 Mass., June, 1851-Jan. '54; at E. Boston, Mass., Nov. 15, 
 1854-Sept. 10, '56; First Ch., Monmouth, 111., Oct. 1856- 
 Aug. 23, '60; Second Ch., Monmouth, Dec. 30, 1863-Dec. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 629 
 
 29, '68; Henderson, 111., Dec. 22, 1874-Dec. 28, '75; Woos- 
 ter, O., from Ap. i6, 1878, iintil his death. He was Principal 
 of Wheeling Academy i842-'4; President of Muskingum 
 College i846-'9; Principal of North Ward Public School, 
 Wheeling, Va., i849-'5o; President of Monmouth College 
 Oct. I, 1856-Jan. I, '78; was Moderator of the General As- 
 sembly of 1864. Delegate to the Presbyterian Council of 
 1880. Died suddenly Oct. 21, 1883, from nervous asthma. 
 Publications: The Theology of New England, 12 mo., pp. 
 100, 1856; The Bible, a College Text Book, an Address, 
 1856; The Missionary, an Address, 1858; Church Member- 
 ship, i6mo., pp. 96, 1868; The Mission of the United Pres- 
 byterian Church, an Address, 1872, and regular contributions 
 for years to the United Presbyterian. 
 
 WALLACE, Henry: 
 
 Was born Mar. 19, 1836, at W. Newton, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Jeiferson in 1859, and studied theology at Allegheny and 
 Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 3, 1862, by Monmouth Pres., 
 and ordained Ap. i, '63, by the same; pastor at Rock Island 
 and Davenport, June, 1863-Ap. i, '71; Morning Sun, la., 
 Dec. 19, 1871-Ap. 4, '77; health failed and is editor at Win- 
 terset, la. Publication: The Doctrines of the Plymouth 
 Brethren, 1880. 
 WALLACE, Homer Hugo: 
 
 W^as born Mar. 16, 1854, at Ray-Milton, Venango Co., Pa. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1880, and studied theology 
 at Princeton and Allegheny; was licensed Dec. 12, 1882, by 
 Lake Pres., and ordained May 7, '84, by Caledonia; pastor of 
 Beulah, Monroe Co., N. Y., May 7, 1884-Aug. 19, '86; of W. 
 44th St., New York, since Sept. 21, 1886. 
 
 WALLACE, Hugh Forsythe: 
 
 Brother of Dr. David; was born Nov. 12, 1843, at Fair- 
 view, Guernsey Co., O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1868, 
 and studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 19, 1871, 
 by Monmouth Pres., and ordained June 12, '72, by Des 
 Moines; pastor of Knoxville, la., June, 1872-June 30, '75; 
 Cedarville, O., Oct. 26, i875-'83; S. S. Greely, Col., i883-'5; 
 pastor Ap. 3, '85. Publication: A Memorial Volume of his 
 brother, the late D. A. Wallace, D. D. 
 
630 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 WALLACE, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 10, 1801, in York Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1827, and studied theology with Dr. Alex. 
 Bullions at Cambridge, N. Y. ; was licensed July 9, 1830, by 
 Philadelphia Pres., and ordained Oct. 25, '32, by Miami; was 
 installed at ordination pastor of Darby and Cherokee (now 
 Huntsville),0. ; resigned Darby in 1839, and gave three-fourths 
 of his time to Huntsville and the other fourth to Bellefontaine, 
 and then to Kenton until 1848; resigned Huntsville, because 
 of infirmities, Ap. 10, 1861; preached occasionally as health 
 allowed, making his home at Huntsville, then at Bellefon- 
 taine, and finally at Bellecentre. He died suddenly Nov. 30, 
 1878, at Mr. W. W. Templeton's house, from cholera morbus. 
 He was a most excellent man, much blessed in his ministry 
 and greatly devoted to his work, and spent the last year or so 
 of his life in reading the Old Testament entirely through in 
 the original Hebrew. 
 
 WALLACE, James M. : 
 
 Was born July 5, 1835, in Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1864, and studied theology at Allegheny 
 and Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 3, 1867, by Chicago Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 29, '68, by Rock Island; pastor of Viola, 
 Mercer Co., 111., Sept., 1868-Oct. 20, '70; at Youngstown, 
 O., Feb. 7, 1871-Dec. 13, '81; 8th Ch., Pittsburgh, Jan. 17, 
 1882- 
 W ALL ACE, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Nov. 1799, in county Antrim, Ireland; was 
 educated at Belfast, and studied theology in Edinburgh; was 
 licensed by the Asso. Pres. of Ahoghil, and having come to 
 America, was received Aug. 13, 1823, ^Y ^^^^ Asso. Pres. of 
 Philadelphia, and ordained June 28, '24, by the Pres. of the 
 Carolinas; was pastor at New Lebanon, Monroe Co., Va., 
 June, 1824-Mar. 23, '32; joined the Asso. Ref Pres. of Mo- 
 nongahela, Oct. 22, 1835; supplied for several years in South- 
 ern Illinois; in 1853 joined the Illinois Pres. of the Asso. 
 Synod (Bullions'), and through its union with the old Synod 
 came into the union of 1858, and soon afterward retired from 
 the active duties of the ministry to a farm near Little York, 
 Warren Co., 111., where he died Dec. 20, 1875. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 63I 
 
 WALLACE, John (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1803 in Ohio; was graduated at Jefferson in 
 1823, ^"'^ studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Aug, 
 16, 1829, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained, sine titiilo^ Ap. 
 6, '32, by Miami; in 1831 he accepted a call to Carmel and 
 connections, in Indiana, but subsequently returned it on 
 account of the feebleness of his health, and went to Vicks- 
 burg, Miss., where he died Mar. 22, 1833, from consumption. 
 
 WALLACE, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received in 1857 ^Y ^^^^ Second Asso. Ref. Pres. of 
 Ohio from the Ref. Presbyterian Ch. (O. S.); was pastor at 
 Adamsville, Crawford Co., Pa., May 6, 1862-May i, '66; re- 
 turned in Sept., 1866, to the Old School Covenanters, and 
 died about 1878, at Adamsville, from the infirmities of age. 
 WALLACE, Joseph (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was graduated at Union in 1809, and studied theology in 
 New York under Dr. Mason; was licensed July 12, 1813, by 
 New York Pres., and ordained, sine iitulo^ in May, '14, by 
 the same. He was very careless about the fulfillment of his 
 appointments, and so fell under the censure of the Gen. 
 Synod; never held a pastoral charge; was a member of the 
 Philadelphia Pres., at the time of the union of 1822, and with 
 it went into the Presbyterian Ch. ; the last known of him he 
 was residing in Beaufort, S. C. 
 WALLACE, Joseph R. : 
 
 Brother of James M. ; was born Ap. 21, 1842, in Hopewell 
 township, Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster 
 in 1868, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 May 4, 1870, by Lake Pres., and ordained June 14, '71, by 
 the same; pastor of Jamestown, Mercer Co., Pa., since ordi- 
 nation. 
 
 WALLACE, Robert Gemmill: 
 
 Was born Feb. 7, 1832, near Guinston, York Co., Pa., and 
 taken in 1834, by his parents, to Logan Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Franklin in 1854, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Feb. 16, 1858, by Miami Pres., and ordained June 
 6, '61, by Delaware; was pastor at Burlington, Otsego Co., 
 N. Y., June, i86i-'6; P^ock Prairie, Wis., 1867-Sept. 24, 
 
632 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 '73; Bellaire, Belmont Co., O., Jan. 7, 1874-Oct. 5, '87; San 
 Diego, Cal. S. S. Nov. 1887. 
 
 WALLACE, Robert Howard, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Nov. 12, 1796, in Orange Co., N. Y. ; was self- 
 educated, although Union College subsequently conferred 
 upon him the honorary degrees of A. M. and D. D., and stu- 
 died theology with the Rev. Dr. J. Mcjimsey; was licensed 
 in 1824 by New York Pres., and ordained in '25 by the same; 
 was pastor at Little Britain, Orange Co., N. Y., from his or- 
 dination until his death, Feb. 9, 1868. He declined going 
 into the union of 1858, and remained with the residuary A. 
 R. Synod of New York. A man of good ability, and as his 
 health was always feeble he literally preached for forty years 
 as if the day of reckoning were close at hand. This gave 
 much of the seriousness, solemnity and unction which char- 
 acterized his preaching. 
 
 WALLACE, Robert Howard (A. R.): 
 
 Son of Dr. Robert H. ; was born Dec. 20, 1828, in Little 
 Britain, Orange Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1850, 
 and studied theology at Newburgh; was licensed May 16, 
 1854, by New York Pres., and ordained in June, '55, by Sara- 
 toga; pastor at E. Springfield, June, 1855-Oct. 8, '56; assis- 
 tant pastor with his father at Little Britain, Dec. 30, 1857- 
 Feb., '68, and pastor till '83. After the union of 1858 he 
 joined the Presbyterian Ch. Is now at Caldwell, N. Y. 
 
 WALLACE, Samuel (A. R.)^: 
 
 Brother of Dr. William; was born Jan. 16, 1816, near 
 St., Clairsville, O. ; was graduated at Franklin in 1839, 
 and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed in Ap. , 
 1842, by Second Ohio Pres., and ordained June 26, '43, by 
 the same; pastor of E. Union, Lebanon and Cumberland, O., 
 June, 1843-Ap. 10, '49; Rellefontaine, O., June 25, 1850- 
 Ap. 18, '54; Indianapolis, Ind., Oct., 1854-Ap., '58; Piqua, 
 O., Ap. 13, 1858-Ap. 15, '69. Died Aug. 26, 1869. Publi- 
 cation: The Great Salvation, a Sermon, A. R. Pulpit, 
 Vol. V. 
 
 WALLACE, Washington: 
 
 Brother of James M. ; was born Jan. 9, 1840, at New Scotts- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 633 
 
 ville, Beaver Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1873, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 
 II, 1874, by Cleveland Pres., and ordained Aug. 6, '79, by 
 Chillicothe; pastor of Tranquillity, Adams Co., O. , Aug. 
 1879-July 28, '8t; Amity, Kan., since Feb., 1887. 
 
 WALLACE, William, D. D. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1800 near Noblestown, Allegheny Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Washington in 1824, ^"<^ studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 14, 1827, ^y Monongahela 
 Pres. and ordained Oct. 3, '28, by the same; was installed at 
 ordination over Wheeling and Short Creek, Va., and W. Mid- 
 dletown, Pa.; released from the last, Ap. 2, '53, from Short 
 Creek Ap. 11, ^t^j^ and from Wheeling in May, '49; was pas- 
 tor at Canonsburg, Pa., Sept. 24, 1850, until his death, from 
 typhoid fever, Jan. 31, 1851. In Aug., 1850, he was elected 
 Prof to Moral Science in Jefferson Callege. Publication: 
 Mighty to Save, a Sermon, A. R. Pulpit, Vol. IL 
 WALLACE, William: 
 
 Son of Dr. David A. ; was born Aug. 20, 1857, in New Con- 
 cord, O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1878, studied the- 
 ology one year at Allegheny and finished with his father; 
 licensed Ap. 16, 1884, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained Jan. 
 I3» '85, by Cleveland; pastor of Stowe, Summit Co., O., Jan. 
 13, '85-Ap., '87; New Lisbon, O., since May, 1887. 
 WALLACE, William Lockhart, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Aug. 22, 1834, in Pittsburgh; was graduated in 
 1857 ^^ Jefferson, and studied theology at Allegheny, was 
 licensed May 9, i860, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained June 
 13, '61, by Big Spring; pastor of Big Spring, at Newville, 
 Pa., June, i86i-May 15, '79; at Sewickley, Allegheny Co.^ 
 Pa., June 27, 1879-June 25, '86; principal of Freedmen's 
 Mission College, Norfolk, Va., since Aug., 1886. Publica- 
 tions: Should Christians Dance? a Sermon; Characteristics of 
 the Christian Minister, a Sermon; a Thanksgiving Sermon, 
 1880. 
 
 WAREHAM, Albert: 
 
 Was born Jan. 6, 1861, in Butler Co. , Pa.; was graduated 
 at the Polyteclmic Institute, Allegheny in 1882, and studied 
 40 
 
j534 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 theology in Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 7, 1885, by Alle- 
 gheny Pres. , and ordained Sept. 7, '86, by Albany; pastor of 
 ,West Charlton, N. Y., since ordination. 
 
 WARNER, John R. (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Allegheny City; was graduated at Duquesne 
 in 1846, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Sept. 25, 1849, ^y Monongahela Pres., and ordained Ap. 13, 
 '53, by Big Spring; pastor at Pottsville, Schuylkill Co., Pa,, 
 Ap. 13 until Sept. 30, of 1853; S. S. for Chambersburg and 
 Gettysburg, Pa., i854-'57; joined the Presbyterian Ch. and 
 was pastor near Gettysburg for a short time, and ever since 
 at Kirkwood, Mo. 
 
 WARNOCK, James Campbell: 
 
 Was born Dec. 4, 1850, at Rock Island, 111. ; was graduated 
 at the Iowa State University, and studied theology in the 
 United Presbyterian Seminary, in Edinburgh, Scotland; was 
 licensed Sept. 5, 1882, by Rock Island Pres., and ordained 
 June 26, '83, by Le Claire; pastor of Le Claire Prairie, la., 
 since ordination. 
 
 WARRINGTON, George: 
 
 Was born Dec. 13, 1842, in Dover, Del.; was graduated at 
 Amherst, and studied theology at Princeton; was first lieuten- 
 ant in the army Nov., 1863-Oct., '64; was licensed Ap. 14, 
 1869, by the Pres. of New Brunswick, (Old School Pres.,)and 
 ordained by the West Jersey Pres., May 9, '71; pastor Glass- 
 boro', N. J., May, 1871-Dec., '71; Bald Eagle and Beech 
 Creek, Pa., Sept., 1873-Oct., '74; Manalapan, N. J., Dec, 
 1874-May 3, '80; joined the United Presbyterian Pres. of 
 Philadelphia in May, 1880; pastor of Birmingham, la., since 
 Oct. 26, 1882. 
 
 WARWICK, Robert (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland about 1760, and studied theology with 
 Brown of Haddington, in Scotland, and was ordained by the 
 Burgher Pres. of Derry; came to America in 1792, and joined 
 the Asso. Ref Pres. of Pennsylvania, and was in 1793 in- 
 stalled pastor of Laurel Hill, Dunlap's Creek and Spring 
 Hill, in Westmoreland and Fayette counties. Pa. ; was re- 
 leased from Eaurel Hill Aug. 5, '95, and from the other two 
 
THE MINISTRY. 635 
 
 Dec. 12, '98; havinjT received and accepted a call from Mill 
 Creek, Bank Lick and Sngar Creek, in southwestern O. , he 
 removed to the vicinity of Cincinnati in the spring of 1799. 
 On the nth of Nov., 1800, he declined the authority of the 
 Asso. Ref Ch., assigning as his reason its alteration and 
 modification of the Confession of Faith. Alexander McCoy 
 had done the same thing a year before, and they met at 
 Washington, Pa., Jan. 27, 1801, and formed themselves into 
 an Independent Presbytery, and styled it The Reformed 
 Dissenting Presbytery. By it Mr. Warwick was installed oil 
 the 6th of Sept., 1802, as pastor of Mill Creek or Sycamore 
 in Warren Co., O. , for one-third of his time; the other two- 
 thirds were distributed over a wide field, including Cincinnati 
 and extending into the State of Indiana. Here he worked 
 for many years most faithfully and laboriously. In 1832 an 
 appointment was made by his Pres. for him to preach at St. 
 Joseph, Cass Co., Mich., 200 miles distant from his home. 
 He started in a gig, but the roads were too rough and the 
 labor too great for his years, and he died on the way. 
 WATSON, Andrew, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Feb. 15, 1834, in Oliverburn, Perthshire, Scot- 
 land; was graduated at Carroll College, Waukesha, Wis., ii:i 
 1857, and studied theology at Princeton and Allegheny, and 
 medicine in Philadelphia; was licensed May 10, i860, by 
 Allegheny Pres., and ordained May 15, '61, by Monmouth; 
 was appointed in i860 to the Egyptian mission, and sailed iiie 
 the autumn of '61; in 1870 he was appointed Prof, of System- 
 atic Theology in the theological department of the Egyptian 
 Training College, and has in Arabic manuscript an extended 
 exposition of the Shorter Catechism as a text-book. 
 
 WATSON, Thomas Mehard: 
 
 Was born in Lawrence Co., Pa.; was graduated at West- 
 minster in 1871, and studied theology at Allegheny; was- 
 licensed Ap. 9, 1875, by Mercer Pres., and ordained May 16, 
 '76, by Philadelphia; was pastor of Fifth Ch., Philadelphia, 
 May, 1876-Mar. 8. '77; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is- 
 engaged in secular business in western Pennsylvania. 
 WEBSTER, Chauncey(A.)*: 
 
 Was born May 20, 1799, in Hartford, Washington Co., N. 
 
636 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Y. ; became a printer and spent his early life in Albany. 
 Here he met with the Asso. Chnrch for the first time, delib- 
 erately esponsed its pecnliar doctrines and practices, joined 
 its communion, and was ordained as a ruling elder by Dr. 
 James Martin Ap. 9, 1826. In 1823 ^^^ formed a partnership 
 with George Wood, and started a printing office and was very 
 successful. Feeling the necessity of a periodical devoted to 
 the interests of the Asso. Ch., he started the Monitor in 1824, 
 which still lives as S\\^ Evangelical Repository^ and published 
 it for eighteen years, during part of which he was editor also. 
 In 1830 he formed a new partnership with Packard & Hoff- 
 man, and they started a new daily paper as the advocate of 
 the new anti-Masonic movement, and hired Thurlow Weed, 
 of Rochester, to edit it for one thousand dollars per year. 
 This was the beginning of the present powerful Albany 
 Evening Journal. 
 
 Mr. Webster was a diligent reader of standard theological 
 works, and particularly those of the Puritan period, and 
 finally concluded to give up a very profitable business and go 
 into the ministry. He studied under the direction of his pas- 
 tor, Dr. Martin, and spent one year in the Seminary at Can- 
 onsburg. Was licensed June 20, 1836, by Albany Pres. and 
 ordained Nov. 2, '37, by Philadelphia. Was installed at or- 
 dination as pastor of the Walnut St. Ch., Philadelphia. In 
 1845, because of a difficulty between himself and his Synod, 
 he declined its authority, and joined by Mr. McNaughton, of 
 Mercersburg, formed an independent Pres. of their own, v/liich 
 they styled the Associate Presbytery of Philadelphia. A 
 small minority of his congregation adhered to Synod, sued 
 for and recovered the church property. Mr. Webster's peo- 
 ple built upon Bainbridge street, and subsequently because 
 the Eighth United Presbyterian Church. On the 8th of Ap., 
 1856, he returned to his old Synod and resigned his charge. 
 He was pastor in Queensbury, Warren Co., N, Y., July 185;- 
 '60; of the United Presbyterian congregations at Hinchen- 
 brook and Gore, Canada East, 1861-70; retired from the 
 active duties of the ministry, and resided at Webster's Mills, 
 Fulton Co., Pa., where he died April 18, 1880. 
 
 Mr. Webster was constitutionally a polemic, and as a 
 
THE MINSITRY. 637 
 
 natural result was involved in a large amount of ecclesiastical 
 troubles, some of which commenced even before he entered 
 the ministry, when he ventured a pamphlet anent the Stark 
 difficulty. Notwithstanding this propensity, he was simpler 
 hearted and companionable and an instructive preacher. He 
 concluded one of the last letters he ever wrote thus: "I am 
 now in my eighty-first year, and of little use to the world, 
 but the 17th chapter of John, and many other similar por^ 
 tions of the Bible, give me much consolation and contentment 
 of mind." 
 
 WEBSTER, Thomas Johnson Clarkson: 
 
 Grandson of the Reverends Chauncey Webster and Thomas 
 B. Clarkson; was born Sept. 16, 1853, in Philadelphia, and 
 reared near Mercersburg, Pa. ; was graduated at Mercersburg 
 College, in 1874, and studied theology at Xenia and Prince- 
 ton; was licensed Ap. 3, 1877, by Xenia Pres. and ordained 
 Ap. 10, '79, by San Francisco; pastor at Santa Ana, L<os An- 
 geles Co., Cal., since June 6, 1879. 
 
 WEED, Samuel Henry: 
 
 Was born Nov. 5, 1843, "^ Henry Co., Ind. ; was gradu- 
 ated at the Indiana State University in 1864, and studied 
 theology at Monmouth; was licensed May 12, 1866, by 
 Wabash Pres., and ordained Oct. 23, '67, by Rock Island; 
 pastor of Colona, 111., June 15, 1869; added Pleasant Unity 
 Jan. 29, '74; resigned the former Ap. 11, '76, and the latter 
 Ap. 10, ''']']\ failure of health compelled him to relinquish 
 the active duties of the ministry, and he has been more or 
 less engaged in the printing business. 
 
 WEEDE, Nathaniel Cooper (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 23, 1808, in Cedar Spring congregation, 
 Abbeville District, S. C, where his great-grandfather had 
 settled in colonial days; in 1815 or '16 the family formed one 
 of the colony which went to Preble Co., O. ; was graduated 
 at Miami in 1829, ^"^ studied theology with Mungo Dick at 
 Sewickley, and Dr. Pressly in Allegheny; was licensed July 
 5, 1832, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained Nov. 13, '33, by 
 Monongahela; was installed pastor at Bethel, Brush valley 
 and Blairsville, Ind. Co., Pa,, at ordination; resigned the 
 
638 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 last in '41 and the other two in the antnmn of '48; became 
 S. S. of La Prairie, Marshall Co., 111., in the spring of '49, 
 fend in '50 organized the congregation of Elmira, in Stark 
 Co., and in '51 became pastor of both congregations; re- 
 signed the latter in '57 and the former in '61, and preached 
 but little for a number of years, because of injuries re- 
 ceived from a fall from a horse. Died Oct. 5, 1887, in St. 
 Charles, la. 
 WEIR, John*: 
 
 Was born in July, 1836, in Selkirkshire, Scotland; was 
 graduated at Westminster in 1866, and studied theology at 
 Monmouth; was licensed in the spring of 1868 by Monmouth 
 Pres., and ordained May 5, '69, by Stamford; pastor at Telfer, 
 Ontario, Can., May, 1869-Ap, 29, '73; died there May 28, 
 
 1873- 
 
 WEIR, Samuel (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1778, in Coleraine, Ireland; was educated 
 throughout in Glasgow University, and licensed and or- 
 dained in Ireland; came to the U. S. in 1818 and was pastor 
 over Mifflin, Allegheny Co., Pa., Oct., 1820-July 16, '44; 
 died Jan. 31, 1850. 
 WEIR, William: 
 
 Son of Samuel; was born Oct. 23, 1839, in Allegheny Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1862, and studied the- 
 ology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 5, 1865, by Allegheny 
 Pres., and ordained June 19, '66, by the same; pastor at E. 
 Union June, 1866-June 30, '69; Canonsburg, June, 1870-June 
 17, '73; Martin's Ferry, Belmont Co., O., Nov. 9, 1874-June 
 16, '85. Publication: A Fair Sample, a Romance of old 
 Jefferson, 1879. 
 WELLER, Sidney (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Orange Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at Union 
 in 1820; was Principal of Washington Academy, Salem, N. 
 Y., i820-'4, during which time he studied theology with Dr. 
 Alex. Proudfit; was licensed May 4, 1825, by Washington 
 Pres., and ordained in '27 by New York. Soon after his or- 
 dination he went to the valley of Virginia, and finally settled 
 at Brinkleyville, Halifax Co., N. C, as a planter, and joined 
 
THE MINISTRY. 639 
 
 the communion of the Episcopal Church, although he never 
 sought ordination to its ministry. 
 
 WELSH, James: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Johnston; was born Sept. 21, 1835, at New 
 Concord, O. ; was graduated at Miami in 1857, and studied 
 theology at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 6, 1859, by First Ohio 
 Pres, and ordained Dec. 4, '60, by the same; pastor at College 
 Corner, O., Dec, 1860-Oct., '62; joined the Presbyterian Ch. 
 in 1865, and is now at Bonaparte, la. 
 
 WELSH, Johnston (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 15, 1809, near Cadiz, O. His father was 
 an unbeliever, and his early training was iinder skeptical in- 
 fluences. During his collegiate course he was teacher of a 
 Grammar School in Washington, O., for eighteen months. 
 This brought him into contact with Dr. Samuel Findley, 
 under whose instructions he was converted, and by whom he 
 was baptized in 1829. When his attention was first waked 
 to religious things his views of doctrines were decidedly 
 Arminian, as they always are where the natural heart is the 
 teacher, but he patiently and thoroughly investigated, point 
 by point, the whole system, and deliberately adopted Calvin- 
 ism. He was graduated at Franklin in 1832, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 23, 1834, by Second 
 Ohio Pres., and ordained Ap. 22, '35, by the same; was in- 
 stalled pastor at New Concord, O., at his ordination, but was 
 compelled in '36 to resign, because of severe hemorrhages from 
 the lungs; was President of Franklin College from 1836 until 
 his death, Ap. 17, 1837, from his old ailment. He was a 
 portly man, considerably above the middle size, with a fair 
 complexion, possessed a superior memory and strong reason- 
 ing powers. His last words were those of the proto-martyrj 
 "Lord Jesus, receive my Spirit." 
 
 WELSH, Robert C.*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 15, 1838, at Locust Hill, in Washingtoii 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1861; iserved as a lieu- 
 tenant in the 22d Pennsylvania Cavalry during the first part 
 of the civil war; studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 17, 1866, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained May 14, '67^ 
 
640 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 by the same; pastor at North Buffalo, Washington Co., Pa., 
 from his ordination until his death, Dec. 22, 1868. 
 
 WESTLAKE, Henry: 
 
 Was born Feb. 20, 1841, at Millbrook, Mercer Co., Pa,; 
 received an academic education, and studied theology under 
 the direction of "the committee on the training of young 
 men," according to the Discipline of the Methodist Ch. ; was 
 licensed in 1876, and ordained in '78, by the Allegheny Con- 
 ference of the Wesleyan Methodists; took appointments for 
 four years; joined the United Presbyterian Pres. of Butler, 
 Ap., 1882, and has supplied within its bounds. 
 WHITE, Charles Edgar: 
 
 Was born Oct. 9, 1855, in Washington, Guernsey Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Muskingum in 1883, and studied theology 
 at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 20, 1886, by Alle- 
 gheny Pres., and ordained Sept. 14, '86, by Muskingum; 
 pastor of Lebanon, Guernsey Co., since ordination. 
 
 WHITE, Isaac Newton: 
 
 Was born Aug. 17, 1835, near Hickory, Washington Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Jefferson in 1855, and studied theology 
 at Xenia; was licensed July 24, 1859, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 ordained May 7, '61, by Arg>'le; pastor of Hebron, Washing- 
 ton Co., N. Y., May, 1861-Nov. 10, '63; New Lebanon and 
 Glade Run, Columbiana Co., O., 1866-July 6, '75; Fairview 
 and Washington, Guernsey Co., O., since Oct. 26, 1875. 
 
 WHITE, James (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in 1794, in Muthill, Perthshire, Scotland; was 
 reared under the ministry of Mr. Muckersie, the author of a 
 well-known catechism; was graduated at Glasgow University, 
 and studied in the Asso. Divinity Hall with Prof Paxton; 
 was licensed in the spring of 1819 by the Pres. of Sterling. 
 His preaching was very popular, so that during the five years 
 he remained in Scotland he received thirteen calls, one of 
 which was from Dunfermline, where Ralph Erskine had 
 preached. He went into the United Secession Ch. when 
 constituted by the union of the Burghers and Anti-Burghers 
 in 1820, but soon became dissatisfied and identified himself 
 with the Paxton party. He landed in New York in Oct., 
 
THE MINISTRY. 641 
 
 1824; was ordained by the Cambridge Pres. July 6, '25; was 
 pastor of E. Salem, Washino-ton Co., N. Y., from his ordina- 
 tion until his death, which occurred Dec. 13, 1827. He was 
 short and thick-set, with light hair and light complexion. 
 His sermons were written with care, and in a style of much 
 grace and beauty. He had a marked predilection for the de- 
 scriptive kind of preaching, and possessed remarkable graphic 
 powers. After his death a volume of his sermons was pub- 
 lished in this country and republished in Scotland. 
 WHITE, James, D. D. : 
 
 Was born Jan. 17, 1832, near New Concord, O. ; was grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1856, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed Ap. 16, 1861, by Muskingum Pres., and 
 ordained Ap. 15, '62, by the same; pastor of Jonathan's Creek, 
 Perry Co., O., Ap., 1862-Dec. 9, '79; Charles St., New York, 
 Feb. 3, 1880-Sept. 13, '87; Arkansas City, since Oct., 1887. 
 Was Principal of Madison Academy at Mt. Perry, O., for ten 
 years. Delegate to the Presbyterian Council of 1884. 
 WHITE, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was received Oct. 15, 1834, by Caledonia Pres. as a proba- 
 tioner, and was ordained May 14, '35, by the same; was 
 pastor at Seneca, Ontario Co., N. Y., May, 1835-Jan. 26, 't^j\ 
 supplied at Oxbow, Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; received and ac- 
 cepted a call from this congregation June 10, 1838; his instal- 
 lation was unavoidably delayed, and on the 21st of Oct., '39, 
 he returned the call and received a certificate to connect with 
 a church in Canada. 
 
 WHITE, John Calvin: 
 
 Was born Sept. 10, 1841, in Mercer Co., Pa.; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1870, and studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 30, 1872, by Mercer Pres., and ordained Ap. 
 14, '75> by Wabash; pastor of Mt. Pleasant, Clinton Co., Ind., 
 Ap., 1875-Ap. II, '80; Eugene, Ringgold Co.. la., June 23, 
 1882-Aug. 28, '84; Hanover, 111., Oct. 16, 1885. 
 
 WHITE, Joseph (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Washington Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Wash- 
 ington in 1845, and studied theology at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 12, 1848, by Steubenville Pres., and ordained 
 
642 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 June 12, '56, by la.; pastor at Knoxville, la., June 1856-58; 
 supplied elsewhere for a short time; became au invalid, and 
 died July 12, 1872, at Knoxville. 
 
 WHITE, Samuel Steward*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 6, 1846, in Muskingum Co., O. ; v^^as grad- 
 uated at Muskingum in 1868, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 19, 1870, by Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained Nov. 2, '71, by Philadelphia; was pastor of the Tenth 
 Ch., Philadelphia, from his ordination until his death, Aug, 
 16, 1876. 
 WHITE, Thomas (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Argyle, N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 
 1806, and studied theology in New York under Dr. Mason; 
 was licensed June 20, 1809, by Washington Pres., and or- 
 dained Jan. 24, '10, by the same; pastor at Whitehall, N. Y., 
 Jan., i8io-Feb. 11, '12; immediately afterward he took 
 charge of the Lisbon congregation in St. Lawrence Co., Nc 
 Y. In the spring of 1813 the British made a descent upon 
 Ogdensburg, and the militia of Lisbon was called out. Mr. 
 White volunteered both as chaplain and common soldier. 
 On the first Sabbath of Mar., 1813, he returned to Lisbon and 
 preached from 2 John, 8th verse, "Look to yourselves," etc., 
 a sermon of such power that it was lovingly talked of forty 
 years afterward. This proved to be a farewell sermon, for 
 during the week Ogdensburg was taken, and the inhabitants 
 of Lisbon fled in dismay to their former homes in Washing- 
 ton Co. and elsewhere, and did not return until after peace 
 was proclaimed. On the 29th of June the Pres. dissolved 
 the pastoral relation between Mr. White and the congrega- 
 tion, "because of its dispersion by the war." He soon after- 
 ward took charge of Seneca congregation, in Ontario Co., N. 
 Y., which he retained until 1822, and died there in 1824. 
 
 WHITE, William (A. R.): 
 
 Was received May 30, 1853, ^Y ^^^^ Washington Pres. as a 
 licentiate from the Northern Pres. of the Ref. Pres. Ch. ; was 
 ordained July 6, '54, by Saratoga Pres.; pastor at Burlington 
 Green, N. Y., from July, 1854, till Aug., 1857, when he was 
 dismissed to the Presbyterian Ch. in Canada. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 643 
 
 WHITE, WiLBERT Webster: 
 
 Was born, Jan. 16, 1863, in Ashland Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Wooster in 1881, and studied theology at Xenia, and 
 a post-graduate course at New Haven; was licensed Ap. 16, 
 1884, by Mansfield Pres., and ordained May 5, '85, by Chi- 
 cago; pastor of Wilton, Wills Co., 111., May 5, 1885-Sept. 
 20, '86; President of Tarkio College, Mo., since 1887. 
 
 WHITEHILL, Nelson Alexander: 
 
 Was born near Cambridge, O., Dec. 20, 1844; was gradu- 
 ated at Monmouth in 1875, and studied theology at Xenia; 
 was licensed Ap. 7, 1876, by Des Moines Pres., and ordained 
 June 21, '']'], by Detroit; pastor at Brcckway, &c., Mich., 
 June i877-'Ap. 13, '78; Caledonia and Campbell, Kent Co., 
 Mich., Oct., 18, 1878-Dec., '80; Cuba, Crawford Co., Mo., 
 ^ since June, 1881, and Pleasant Ridge, y^ since Nov. '86. 
 
 WHITHAM, John Dement: 
 
 Was born Mar. 22, 1815, in Ohio Co., W. Va. ; was grad- 
 uated at Washington in 1835, and studied theology at Prince- 
 ton; was licensed May 25, 1840, by the Pres. of Philadelphia, 
 (O. S. Presbyterian,) and ordained Oct. 12, '41, by the Pres. 
 of Washington, Pa.; pastor of Unity, Pa., and Wolf Run, 
 Va., Oct. 1841-Ap. 18, '43; S. S. and pastor of Keene, Co- 
 shocton Co., O., July, 1843-June, '45; Canal Fulton, O., Oct. 
 1845-Ap., '49. Because of the refusal of the General Assem- 
 bly to make slavery a term of communion, he left the Pres- 
 byterian Ch., and in June, 1849, joined the Free Presbyterian 
 Ch., and in it was S. S. of Mt. Jackson, Pa., and Lowell, O., 
 June, 1849-Ap., '57; Paint Valley O., May, 1857-May '64; 
 joined the Mansfield Pres. of the United Presbyterian Ch., 
 June 21, 1864, and after supplying several churches was pas- 
 tor of Sugar Branch, Ford Co., 111., Oct. 2, 1867-Ap. 15, '74; 
 pastor at Fairfax and Florence, Linn Co., la., Sept. 2, 1874- 
 Sept. 26, '83. 
 
 WHITTEN, James Blair (A.): 
 
 Was born June 18, 1831, in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Washington in 1849, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed Nov. 3, 1852, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained 
 Oct. 26, '54, by Chartiers; pastor of Peter's Creek, Washing- 
 
644 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 ton Co., Pa., Oct. 1854-June 17, '56; West 44th St., New 
 York, Ap. 14, 1857-Sept. 27, '59; Plain Grove, Lawrence 
 Co., Pa., for half time, June 18, 1861-Nov. 26, '72; the other 
 half time as S. S. of Harlansburg until '64, and then Ne- 
 shannock from 1869 to '74; S. S. also of Oak Grove, Pa., Aug. 
 1872-Oct. '74; pastor of Seventh Ch., Philadelphia, Jan. 25, 
 1875-Sept. 13, 1882-Wurtemburg and Wampum, Pa., Jan. 
 9, 1883; resigned Wampum Ap. 14, '85, and Wurtemburg 
 Dec. 14, '85. 
 WHITLA, Jesse L. : 
 
 Was born Nov. 23, 1831, at Glade Run, Carroll Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1856, and studied theology 
 at Xenia and Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 31, 1859, ^Y 
 Mercer Pres. ; travelled 20,000 miles under the direction of 
 the Home Board, and was ordained Aug. 13, '62, by Detroit; 
 pastor of Nankin, Mich., Aug. 1862-Feb. 2, 65; was thrown 
 aside for three years by ill health; was S. S. of Eden Prairie 
 and Glendale, Minn., i868-'7i; Caledonia, Minn., 1871-2, 
 and pastor of Zion and Levin, Douglas Co., Minn., Nov. 17, 
 1875-Mar. 31, '86; Edgerton, Kan., Oct. 4, 1886- 
 WHYTE, Archibald (A.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 25, 1755, in Peebleshire, Scotland; was 
 graduated at Edinburgh University in 1781, and studied the- 
 ology with the younger Moncrieff at Alloa; was licensed in 
 Aug., 1786, by the Pres. of Edinburgh. In 1787 the General 
 Asso. Synod appointed him and David Goodwillie to go to 
 America. He landed at New York May 5, 1788, and joined 
 the Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania, by which he was ordained 
 May 26, '89, at Guinston, York Co., Pa. In 1790 he received 
 a call from a congregation in South Carolina, which he de- 
 clined because of slavery. This was the only call he ever 
 received. In 1790 he married Margaret Kerr, of Marsh Creek, 
 Adams Co., Pa., and in '92 purchased 320 acres of land in 
 Argyle, N. Y., on which he built a house, which was ever 
 afterward his home, and in which he died in the ninety-fourth 
 year of his age. For about ten years he itinerated constantly 
 over the whole territory of the church, from Vermont to 
 South Carolina, and from the Connecticut to the Ohio river. 
 All this was done on horseback, with bad roads and few 
 
THE MINISTRY. 645 
 
 bridges, and in most of it his wife was his travel in^^ com- 
 panion. She was the better horseman, and it is said that she 
 would ride on before him through the deep waters to be 
 forded, and the difficult and dangerous places to be passed, 
 and then give him directions how to follow. As he advanced 
 in life he restricted the bounds of his itinerancy, and ulti- 
 mately confined it to Cambridge Pres. He preached for the 
 last time on the 5th of Oct., 1845, both forenoon and after- 
 noon, in North Argyle. He died Jan. 6, 1849. 
 
 He was exceedingly methodical in all things, and kept an 
 accurate diary of all his doings and wanderings, from which 
 it appears that he preached in fifty-four different places in 
 Scotland and in seventy-four in America. Of him as a 
 preacher Dr. P. Bullions says that "his sermons were excel- 
 lent, fully written out, and in respect to spirit, sentiment and 
 style were all that could be desired; but his delivery was 
 labored, embarrassed, and often exceedingly painful to his 
 hearers." He was a man of deep devotion and active piety, 
 and regarded as a valuable member of Church Courts, because 
 of his good sense, enlightened views and sound judgment. 
 WHYTE, Archibald, Jr. (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Archibald; was born Aug. 3, 1800, in 
 Argyle, N. Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1822, and studied 
 theology with Dr. Banks in Philadelphia; was licensed June 
 19, 1826, by Cambridge Pres., and ordained Dec. 5, '27, by 
 Philadelphia; was pastor in Baltimore, Md., Dec, i827-'33; 
 became pastor of Steele Creek and Bethany, S. C, in 1833.' 
 In 1839 he, in connection with the Pres. of the Carolinas, 
 declined the authority of Synod because of its action anent 
 slavery, but his habits in regard to sobriety were gradually 
 growing worse, so that about 1841 or '42 his Pres. felt con- 
 strained to dejiose him from the ministry for drunkenness. 
 He never wholly reformed, and turned planter and politician, 
 and died in Sept., 1865. He never lost faith in nor affection 
 for the church of his fathers, and whether at home or abroad, 
 sober or otherwise, he insisted upon the observance of family 
 worship. In all the relations of life he lived orderly and 
 wielded considerable influence, and was regarded as one of 
 most polished political orators in the State. 
 
646 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 WILEY, George Martin: 
 
 Was born Dec. 13, 1830, in Putnam, Washington Co., N. 
 Y. ; was graduated at Union in 1859, and .studied theology at 
 Princeton; was licensed May 6, 1862, by Argyle Pres., and 
 ordained Oct. 10, '63, by Vermont; pastor at Ryegate, Vt, 
 Oct., i863-'67; at W. Hebron, N. Y., since Ap. 7, 1868. 
 WILEY, James Albert: 
 
 Was born June 21, 1855, at'Fair Haven, O. ; was graduated 
 at Monmouth in 1882, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. i, 1885, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained Aug. 
 27, '85, by College Springs; pastor of Adams, Adams Co., la., 
 since ordination. 
 WILKIN, Henry S. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1796 near Goshen, Orange Co., N. Y. ; was 
 graduated at Union in 1816, and studied theology in New 
 York with Dr. Mason; was licensed in 1820 by New York 
 Pres., and ordained Jan. 2, '23, by Saratoga; pastor at York, 
 Livingston Co., N. Y., Jan., 1823-34; at Springfield, Otsego 
 Co., N. Y., June 24, 1835-44; retired from the active duties 
 of the ministry, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., 186-. 
 
 WILKIN, Ralph Erskine: 
 
 Was born Aug. 19, 1841, in Londonderry, Guernsey Co., 
 O. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1869, and studied theology 
 at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 5, 1871, by Keokuk Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 10, '72, by the same; pastor of Sandusky 
 and Summitville, Lee Co., la., Sept., 1872-Dec. 29, '74; of 
 Smith Creek, Warren Co., 111., May 21, 1875-Ap. 6, '82; 
 Prosperity, Randolph Co., 111., May 2, 1883- 
 
 WILLIAMS, Melanchthon Brown: 
 
 Son of the Rev. Gershon Williams of the Presbyterian Ch. ; 
 was born July 16, 1797, in Cambridge, N. Y. ; was graduated 
 at Princeton in 1814, and studied theology with Drs. Alex. 
 McLeod and Samuel B. Wylie; was licensed in May, 1818, 
 by the Northern Pres. of the Reformed Presbyterian Ch., and 
 ordained in Ap., '20, by the same; was pastor in Kortright, 
 Delaware Co., N. Y., nearly forty years, anc" joined the United 
 Presbyterian Ch. in 1862, and soon afterward retired to Cam- 
 bridge, N. Y. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 647 
 
 WILLIAMSON, James*: 
 
 Was born in Scotland; was graduated at the University of 
 Edinburgh, and studied theology in the United Secession 
 Hall; supplied for a time in the Asso. Ch. of Johnstown, N. 
 Y. ; joined the Asso. Ref Pres. of Washington in the spring 
 of 1840, and was S. S. at Oxbow, Jefferson Co., N. Y., 1840- 
 '50; in 1852 joined the Bullions Synod of the Asso. Ch. ; was 
 pastor at Wilkinsonville, Worcester Co., Mass., Feb. 28, 1856 
 -April 20, '64; died Mar. 3, 1866. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, James Andrew: 
 
 Son of Rev. James; was born Mar. 4, 1838, in Johnstown, 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Brown University, R. I., and studied 
 theology privately and at Allegheny; was licensed Sept. 16, 
 1863, by Boston Pres., and ordained Sept. 27, '64, by Albany; 
 pastor at Johnstown, N. Y. , since his ordination. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, John: 
 
 Was born March 9, 1837, in W. Kortright, Delaware Co., 
 N. Y. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1863, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 16, 1866, by Mercer 
 Pres., and ordained June 18, '67, by Sidney; pastor at Belle- 
 fontaine, O., July, 1867-Sept. 6, '87: Omaha Central since 
 Sept. 1887. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, Leamon Wilson: 
 
 Was born June 30, 1856, at Xenia, O. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1880, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 11, '83, by Xenia Pres,, and ordained Mar. 29, 
 '84, by College Springs; pastor at Hiawatha, Kan., July 21, 
 1885-Sept. 6, '87. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, Robert Duncan: 
 
 Was born Feb. 23, 1833, at Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1853, ^"^ studied theology at 
 Canonsburg and Xenia; was licensed June 27, 1857, by the 
 Pres. of New York, and ordained May 5, '59, by Albany; 
 pastor at Lansingville, Delaware Co., N. Y., May, 1859-Sept. 
 24, '61; Florida, N. Y., Oct. 29, 1862, Ap. 5, '70; Paierson, 
 N. J., May 10, 1870-Dec. i, '71; Troy, N. Y., since Feb. 6, 
 1872. 
 
648 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, William Collins: 
 
 Was born Feb. 2, 1842, near Xenia, O. ; was gradnated at 
 Jefferson in 1865, and studied theology at Xenia; was licensed 
 Ap. 13, 1867, by Xenia Pres., and ordained June 15, '69, by 
 West Missouri ; S. S. two years at Kansas City, Mo. ; pastor 
 at Washington, la., Ap. 19, 1871-July 21, '85; Keokuk, la., 
 Sept; 16, '85. 
 WILSON, Alexander (A.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ap., 1792, near Market Hill, county Antrim, 
 Ireland; was graduated at the University of Glasgow, and 
 studied theology in the Asso. Anti-Burgher Hall of Scotland; 
 was licensed in Ireland and soon after sailed for America, and 
 landed at Philadelphia in May, 1816; joining the Asso. Ch. 
 was ordained Oct. 8, '17, by Chartiers Pres.; was installed 
 pastor of Peter's Creek and Horseshoe Bottom, Washington 
 Co., Pa., at ordination; resigned the latter in June, '34, and 
 the former in '38; joined the Asso. Ref Ch. Ap. 16, 1839, and 
 was pastor in Cadiz, O., Jan. 26, 1840-51; retired from active 
 duties, and died Jan. 20, 1867, in Philadelphia. 
 
 WILSON, Andrew (A. R.)*: 
 
 For a time pastor of the Asso. congregation of Crieve, in 
 Ireland; was received Sept. 7, 1801, by the Asso. Ref Pres. 
 of New York; installed pastor of Albany and Lansingburg, 
 N. Y., Ap. 20, 1802; resigned the latter Ap. 19, '04, and the 
 former Sept. 8, '07; went home to Ireland, but after spending 
 a year there returned and joined the Saratoga Pres., Feb. 15, 
 1809; became pastor of Seneca, Ontario Co., N. Y., in Feb., 
 1810, and died there on the 26th of June, 1812. 
 
 WILSON, David C. : 
 
 Was born Sept. 8, 1832, in Brush Valley, Indiana Co., Pa., 
 was graduated at Washington in i860, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed Oct. 14, '62, by Conemaugh Pres., 
 and ordained June 27, '63, by the same; was S. S. at Amity, 
 la., two years; one at St. Croix Falls, Wis. ; pastor at Clarinda, 
 la., Dec. 3, 1866-Mar. 29, '87. 
 WILSON, George (A. R.): 
 
 Was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; was educated at 
 Franklin and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 
THE MINIvSTRY. 649 
 
 Ap. 13, 1841, by Monongahela Pres,, and ordained Nov. 17, 
 '41, by Mansfield; pastor of Worthington, Richland Co., and 
 Pine Run, Licking Co., O., Spring 1842-May, '44; joined 
 the Baptist Ch., preached for a season within the bounds of 
 his old charge, then taught an academy at Morristown. O. , 
 and finally moved to Illinois and settled down as a farmer in 
 the vicinity of Bloomington. 
 
 WILSON, Gilbert Gordon: 
 
 Was born May 6, 1858, at Auburn, Mo. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth in 1884, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 7, 1886, by Southern Illinois, and ordained July 
 6, '87 by the same; pastor of Cutler, Hopewell and Four 
 Mile, 111. , since ordination. 
 
 WILSON, Howard Sloan: 
 
 Was born Feb. 15, 1858, in Philadelphia, Pa. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Westminster in 1880, and studied theology at Alle- 
 gheny; was licensed June 6, 1882, by Allegheny Pres., and 
 ordained June 10, '84, by Westmoreland; pastor at Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, Pa., since ordination. 
 
 WILSON, Isaac Ambrose: 
 
 Was born Feb. 24, 1832, in Concord, Franklin Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1858, and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1862, by Wheeling Pres., 
 and ordained July 5, '66, by Mansfield; pastor at North Bend, 
 Neb., May, 1867-Mar., '76; S. S. at Pana and then at Spring 
 Creek, 111., i878-'85; Majors, Neb., June 18, 1885- 
 
 WILSON, James Cunningham: 
 
 Son of Dr. Samuel; was born May 31, 1840, in Xenia, O. ; 
 was graduated at Jefferson in 1864, and studied theology at 
 Xenia; was licensed Ap. 30, 1867, by Xenia Pres., and or- 
 dained Ap. 13, '69, by Allegheny; pastor at Beaver, Pa., Ap., 
 1869-Mar., 72; Third Ch., Philadelphia, Ap. 15, 1872-Sept. 
 13) '75; S't Brie, Pa., since May 11, 1876. 
 WILSON, James K. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Of the United Associate Synod of Ireland, and more re- 
 cently a missionary in British America; was received Aug., 
 1828, by the Pres. of Big Spring. After supplying in the 
 vacancies for a year or two, he returned to British America. 
 41 
 
650 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 WILSON, James Thomas: 
 
 Was born Nov. 14, 1830, near Elizabeth, Allegheny Co., 
 Pa. ; was educated at Washington and studied theology at 
 Allegheny; was licensed Aug. 23, 1859, by Allegheny Pres,, 
 and ordained Jan, 2, '61, by Conemaugh; pastor of Taylors- 
 ville and connections Jan., i86i-Dec. 31, '61; First Ch., 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., July 17, 1862-Mar. 11, '67; Parker City, 
 Armstrong Co., Pa., Sept. 23, '74-Mar. 31, '78; East ii6th 
 St., New York, June 6, 1879-Aug. 17, '81; was S. S. in 
 Topeka, Kans., i870-'2; pastor at Sidney, O., Ap. 11, 1882- 
 Dec. 5, '82; S. S. Greenwich, N. Y., 1886- Publications: Min- 
 isterial and Christian Duty, a Sermon, 1862; The Hand of 
 God in our Civil War, an Address, pp. 18, 1863; The Bible 
 in Public Schools, a Lecture, pp. 18, 1872. 
 
 WILSON, James Thomas: 
 
 Was born Oct. 10, 1835, in county Antrim, Ireland; studied 
 theology at Monmouth; was licensed in 1872 by Bloomington 
 Pres., and ordained June 18, '''j^^ by Cedar Rapids; pastor of 
 Pratt Creek, la., June, 1873-Sept. 2, '74; Second Cedar Rapids, 
 la., Oct. 6, 1875-Oct. 10, ''jy\ Oshkosh, Wis., June, 1880-July 
 II, '82; Walton, Kans., Dec. 12, 1882-Ap. i, '86. 
 
 WILSON, John A., D. D. : 
 
 Was born Oct. 4, 1839, in Venango Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Westminster in 1864; studied law in Philadelphia and 
 practiced in New Castle, Pa. ; studied theology at Allegheny; 
 was licensed Ap. 11, 187 1, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained 
 Sept. II, '72, by Beaver Valley; pastor at Beaver, Pa., Sept., 
 1872-July I, '76; St. Louis, Mo., July 28, i876-'86; Wooster, 
 0.,Jan. 19, 1887. Delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Councils 
 in 1877 and '84. Publications: Three Lectures on the Dog- 
 mas of Rome. 
 WILSON, John Beattie (A.): 
 
 Was born Mar. 22, 1826, in London, Ontario, Can. ; was 
 graduated at Franklin in 1850, and studied theology at Can- 
 onsburg; was licensed in June, 1854, by Stamford Pres., and 
 ordained Oct., 1855, by the same; pastor at Telfer, Canada, 
 Oct., i855-'67; was general missionary within the bounds 
 of the Pres. of Detroit i867-'7i; pastor at Bruce, Mich., 
 
THE MINISTRY. 651 
 
 1871-Ap. 9, '79; at Fair Grove and Otter Lake, Mich., since 
 June 15, 1880, resigning Fair Grove June 30, '86. 
 WILSON, JosiAH (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Armagh, Ireland; was educated in one of the 
 Scottish universities, where he also took a course in medicine, 
 and then studied theology with John Brown, of Haddington; 
 was licensed and ordained by the Burgher Ch. in Ireland; 
 came to America in 1807, and was pastor of Lower Chance- 
 ford and Hopewell, in York Co., Pa., from Jan. i, 1808, till 
 his death, in Sept., '12. ' He added the practice of medicine 
 to a certain degree to his clerical duties, and was held in high 
 estimation for his learning and consistent piety. 
 
 WILSON, Matthew Henderson (A. R.)*: 
 
 Grandson of the Rev. Matthew Henderson, Jr. ; was born 
 Sept. 16, 1820, near Elizabeth, Allegheny Co., Pa.; was 
 graduated at the Western University in 1842, and studied 
 theology' at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1845, ^Y Blairs- 
 ville Pres., and ordained June 20, '48, by the same; pastor of 
 Jacksonville, Olivet and Smyrna, Armstrong and Indiana 
 counties. Pa., June, 1848-Ap., '57; was, in Ap., 1857, elected 
 President of Madison College, at Antrim, O., and entered 
 immediately upon its duties, but things did not promise as 
 he had expected, and in the autumn of the same year was 
 recalled and reinstalled in his old charge. After the union 
 of 1858, in the adjustment of charges, he resigned Olivet in 
 '59 and took Crete. Died Nov. 30, 1862, from consumption. 
 
 WILSON, Samuel, D. D. (A.)*: 
 
 Son of the Rev. William; was born May 5, 1806, in Alle- 
 gheny Co., Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1824, ^^^ 
 studied theology at Canonsburg; was licensed Aug. 16, 1829, 
 by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Ap. 27, '31, by Miami; 
 pastor at Xenia, O., Ap., 1831-Mar. 18, '56; Prof, of Hebrew 
 and of Didactic, Polemic and Pastoral Theology in the Sem, 
 at Xenia 1855-' 77. Died Sept. 5, 1887. 
 
 WILSON, Thomas (A.): 
 
 Was born in June, 1799, most probably in Washington Co., 
 Pa.; was graduated at Jefferson in 1826, and studied theology 
 at Canonsburg; was licensed Aug. 7, 1832, by Chartiers Pres., 
 
652 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 and ordained Sept. 16, 1835, by Muskingum; was at ordina- 
 tion installed over Sandy, Carmel and North Union, in Carroll 
 Co., O. ; soon resigned Sandy, and also Carmel about 1842, 
 and finally N. Union in '50; remained without charge, and 
 in Dec, 1876, transferred his ecclesiastical connection to the 
 residuary Asso. Synod, and has long had his home at An- 
 napolis, O. 
 
 WILSON, Thomas Jefferson: 
 
 Brother of William L. ; was born Jan. 20, 1838, near 
 Canonsburg, Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1859, and 
 studied theolog}' at Xenia; was licensed Ap. 15, 1862, by 
 Chartiers, and ordained May 5, '64, by Michigan; pastor at 
 Martin, Mich., May, 1864-Aug., '68; sent as missionary to 
 Salem, Oregon. After serving two years he went on account 
 of his health to Willow Creek, Wasco Co., bought a ranche, 
 and went to cattle raising. Here he remained until Dec, 
 1875, except thirteen months at Waitsburg, Washington 
 Territory, by appointment of the Home Board. During his 
 residence on Willow Creek he held religious services regularly 
 on the Sabbath in private houses, school-houses, etc, and for 
 two years preached once or twice per month to the Indians 
 of the Warm Spring reservation with good success. In 1876 
 he returned to Willamette Valley, and has been pastor of 
 Halsey and Brownsville, Linn Co., Ore., since 1877. 
 
 WILSON, WiLUAM (A.)*: 
 
 Was born about 1770 in Ireland; received his literary train- 
 ing in Glasgow, Scotland; came to America in 1791 or '92, 
 and was the first theological student that studied with Dr. 
 John Anderson at Service; was licensed in Ap., 1796, by the 
 Asso. Pres. of Pennsylvania, and ordained in 1800 by the 
 same; was installed at ordination over the congregations of 
 Monteurs, Flaugherty's Run and Noblestown. In a few 
 years he was released from Flaugherty's, and in '30 from 
 Noblestown; Monteurs was now divided into Clinton and 
 Robinson, and these he served until death, in May, 1842. 
 
 WILSON, William Archibald*: 
 
 Was born Aug. 15, 1852, in Tipton Co., Tenn. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Erskine, S. C, in 1872, and studied theology in the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 653 
 
 Asso. Ref. Sem. at Due West; was licensed July 20, 1874, by 
 Arkansas Pres., (A. R.,) and ordained Aug. 9, '75, by the 
 same; labored as Home Missionary in Arkansas, Virginia and 
 Missouri for four years under the direction of the Asso. Ref 
 Synod of the South; joined the Wheeling Pres. of the United 
 Presbyterian Church, Ap. 13, 1880, and was pastor at Buch- 
 anan Hill, Marshall Co., West Va., from Dec. i, 1880, until 
 his death, Nov. i, 1881. 
 
 WILSON, William Hamilton (A.): 
 
 Was born near Clinton, Allegheny Co., Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1847, ^"^ studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed Oct. 29, 1850, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained 
 in Aug., '52, by Miami; pastor at Washington, la., Sept., 
 1853-Sept., '69; Salinas City, Cal., 1869-73; joined the 
 Presbyterian Ch. , and is now at The Dalles, Oregon. 
 WILSON, William Lindsey*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 16, 1834, near Canonsburg; was graduated 
 at Union in 1855, and studied theology at Canonsburg and 
 Xenia; was licensed July 15, 1858, by Chartiers Pres., and 
 ordained Sept. 25, '59, by Frankfort; pastor of Ohio and Rac- 
 coon, Beaver Co., Pa., Sept., 1859-Ap. 16, '62; died in Dec, 
 1862 from consumption. 
 WINEGART, Nathan: 
 
 Was born June 10, 1850, at Fussgoenheim, Rhine Bavaria, 
 Germany; was graduated at Westminster in 1874, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 10, 1877, ^Y Alle- 
 gheny Pres., and ordained May 7, '78, by the Lake, as pastor 
 of Franklin, Utica and Sandy, Venango Co., Pa.; resigned 
 Franklin, Dec. 9, '84, and the others, Ap. 14, '85; pastor of 
 Neshannock and Oak Grove, Pa., Jan. 4, 1886- 
 
 WINTER, Thomas Wead (A.): 
 
 Was born July 27, 1828, three miles north of Xenia, O. ; 
 was graduated at Franklin in 1853; studied theology a season 
 at Canonsburg, but mainly with Dr. W. Wishart; was licensed 
 June 18, 1856, by Muskingum Pres., and ordained Sept. 10, 
 '57, by Northern Illinois; labored at Neshannock, Wis., May, 
 i857-'59; ^^^^ installed Oct. 17, 1861, over Mahoning and the 
 Harbor in Mercer Pres. ; released from the Harbor Dec. 25, 
 
654 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 '65, and installed for its time in Oct., '66, over Poland, O. ; 
 was released Feb. 23, '72, from Mahoning, and Aug. 18, '72, 
 from Poland; pastor at Adamsville, Crawford Co., Pa., Oct. 
 4, 1872-June 17, '80; East Palestine, O., 1882-May 4, '87. 
 
 WISH ART, William, D. D. (A.): 
 
 Was born Feb. 10, 182 1, in Belmont Co., O. ; was gradu- 
 ated at Madison in 1843, and studied theology at Canonsburg; 
 was licensed in June, 1846, by Muskingum Pres., and or- 
 dained Sept. 2, '47, by the same; pastor at Unity, Harrison 
 Co., O., Sept., 1847-Ap., '68; Ontario, Richland Co., O., 
 May, 1869-June, '''j']\ at Haysville, Ashland Co., Mar. 17, 
 i88i-Ap. 21, '85; was Prof, of Languages in Franklin College 
 1 856-' 66. 
 WITHERSPOON, James Wright, D. D. : 
 
 Was born May 4, 1834, in Robinson Twp., Washington 
 Co., Pa. ; was graduated at Westminster in 1859, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny and Xenia; was licensed Ap. 16, 1862, 
 by Frankfort Pres., and ordained Sept. 15, '63, by the same; 
 pastor of Ohio and Raccoon, Beaver Co., Sept., 1863-Dec. 9, 
 '66; Fifth Ch., Allegheny, since Aug. 6, 1867. Has been 
 Corresponding Secretary of the Board of Freedmen's Missions 
 since June, 1870. 
 WITHERSPOON, John McGinness: 
 
 Nephew of James W. ; was born Aug. 26, 1850, at Baving- 
 ton, Washington Co., Pa.; was graduated at Westminster in 
 1873, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed May 
 2, 1876, by Frankfort Pres., and ordained June 12, ''^']^ by 
 Allegheny; pastor of E. Union, Allegheny Co., June 12, 
 1877-Dec. 5, '82. 
 
 WOLFE, Joseph D. (A.): 
 
 Was born near Washington Pa. ; was graduated at Wash- 
 ington in 1842, and studied theolog}^ at Canonsburg; was 
 licensed June 9, 1846, by Chartiers Pres., and ordained in the 
 spring of '48 by Shenango; pastor of Slippery Rock, Butler 
 Co., Pa., 1848-May 1/ '55; left the church about 1859; studied 
 law, and the last known of him was practicing law in Pensa- 
 cola, Florida. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 655 
 
 WOODBURN, James Skiles: 
 
 Was born Oct. 29, 1837, hear Newville, Pa. ; was graduated 
 at Jefferson in 1858, and studied theologfy at Allegheny; was 
 licensed Ap. 8, 1861, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained 
 May 10, '64, by Big Spring; pastor at Gettysburg, Pa., May, 
 1864-Mar. 7, '65; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and was pas- 
 tor at Dickinson, Pa., at Livermore, Pa., and is now at 
 Academia, Pa. 
 
 WORK, Jeremiah Boston: 
 
 Was born Jan. 22, 1855, ^^ ^- Mahoning, Indiana Co., Pa.; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1882, and studied theology 
 at Princeton and Allegheny; was licensed Mar. 31, 1885, by 
 Monongahela Pres., and ordained Nov. 16, '86, by Big 
 Spring; pastor of Tuscarora and Concord, Pa., since ordina- 
 tion. 
 
 WORTH, James (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born June 13, 1800, in Salem Co., N. J., and brought 
 up mainly in Hopewell, Preble Co., O. ; was graduated at 
 Miami in 1826 in the first class graduated by that institution, 
 and studied theology in Allegheny, in the second class en- 
 tered in that Seminary; was licensed Ap. 29, 1829, by First 
 Ohio Pres., and ordained June 3, '30, by the same; was at 
 ordination installed over New Zion, Decatur Co., Ind., and 
 Milroy; in a few years was released from the latter, and from 
 the former in Mar., '52; moved to Oregon and settled in Lane 
 Co., where he preached regularly for five years to the sur- 
 rounding settlers; supplied Eugene City, the county seat, 
 i858-'6i; pastor of Union, Brownville, Ivinn Co., Ore., Mar. 
 I, 1862-Ap., '74; retired from the active duties of the min- 
 istry because of age and deafness, and died at Halsey, Ore. , 
 July 18, 1881, of pyaemia, resulting from a wound in the 
 foot made by a nail. 
 
 WRIGHT, Alexander H. (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born in Ireland and reared in Allegheny Co. , Pa. ; was 
 graduated at the Western University in 1838, and studied 
 theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 13, 1841, by Monon- 
 gahela Pres., and ordained Mar. 29, '42, by the same; was 
 pastor at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pa., Mar., 1842-Dec. 30, 
 
656 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 '46; of the Jane St. Ch., New York, May 24, 1847-Mar. i, '53. 
 In 1853 he organized a new church of two hundred members 
 and built on 25th St. ; received and accepted a call from it, 
 but pending their building operations declined installation. 
 Some trouble arose, and in the summer of 1856 he returned 
 the call to Pres. and took a certificate of dismission; joined 
 the Presbyterian Ch. ; became a teacher in Texas, and there 
 died in 1861. 
 
 WRIGHT, Isaac Thomas: 
 
 Was born Jan. 22, 1846, near Wattsville, Carroll Co., O. ; 
 was graduated at Westminster in 1869, and studied theology 
 at Allegheny; was licensed June 12, 1871, by Steubenville 
 Pres., and ordained June 11, '72, by Allegheny; pastor of 
 Glade Run, Allegheny Co., from ordination until July 3, 
 '81; 5th Ch., Philadelphia, since June 12, 1882. 
 
 WRIGPIT, James Park (A. R.): 
 
 Born in Adams Co., O., May 18, 1819; was graduated at 
 Miami in 1843, ^^^ studied theolog\' at Oxford; was licensed 
 Ap. 21, 1846, by First Ohio Pres., and ordained May 4, '50, 
 by Michigan; pastor of Rossville and Providence, Clinton Co., 
 Ind., May, 1850-May, '55; Cedarville, O., Ap. 1856-Ap. 24, 
 '60; accepted a call to Unity, at Jordan's Grove, 111., in May, 
 1861, and returned it in Oct. ; pastor of Bethsaida, at Tipton, 
 Ind., i862-'6; Salem congregation at Elizaville, Ind., 1868- 
 Dec, '70; Mulberry, Mo., 1871-Sept., 74; S. S. at Nashville, 
 Tenn., i874-'5; teacher at Knoxville, Tenn., i875-'7; S. S. 
 at Topeka, Kan., 1878; joined the Presbyterian Ch., and is at 
 Prairie Home, 111. 
 
 WRIGHT, Joseph Harrison: 
 
 Was born July 19, 1849, i^^ Mullagreenan, county Mona- 
 ghan, Ireland; was graduated at Union in 1871, and studied 
 theology two years at Union Seminary, New York, and one 
 at Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 29, 1874, by Delaware Pres., 
 and ordained May 25, '75, by the same; pastor at Davenport, 
 Delaware Co., N. Y., May., 1875-Jan. 21, 79; Fifth Ch., 
 Philadelphia, May 5, 1879-Dec. '80; First Ch., Xenia, O. ; 
 since Jan. 28, 1881. 
 
THE MINISTRY. gey 
 
 WRIGHT, Wait*: 
 
 Was born Mar. 14, 1830, in Cornwall, Addison Co., Vt. ; 
 was mostly self-educated, and studied theology at Xenia; was 
 licensed Ap. 12, 1876, by Sidney Pres., and ordained June 13, 
 '-]-], by the same; pastor of Canonsburg, Hancock Co., O.,' 
 for half time from ordination, Macedon assumed for quarter 
 time Feb. 2, '78, and Gilead July 2, '79; was Prof of Mathe- 
 matics in Geneva College, O., for three years previous to 
 licensure. Died from heart disease Nov. 7, 1881. 
 WRIGHT, Wellington: 
 
 Was born Jan. 23, 1829, near Decatur, Brown Co., O. ; was 
 graduated at Miami in 1857, and studied theology at Oxford 
 and Monmouth; was licensed in Ap., 1858, by First Ohio 
 Pres., and ordained Oct. 19, '59, by Michigan; pastor at 
 Lafayette, Ind., Oct., 1859-Mar., '63; Brighton, la., 1865- 
 June, '69; S. S. at Lee's Summit and Grand River, Mo., 
 i87i-'4; pastor at Greenwood, Mo., Oct. 7, 1876-Ap. i, '83; 
 Winchester, Kans., since Oct. 3, 1883 ; assumed Valley Falls,' 
 for one-third time Ap., '86. Publication: Close Communion,' 
 pp. 32, 1879. 
 
 WRIGHT, William (A. R.):* 
 
 Was born in Western Ohio; was graduated at Miami in 
 1851, and studied theology at Oxford; was licensed in 1853 
 by Springfield Pres., and ordained Ap. 18, '54, by Sidney; 
 pastor of Quincy, Springhill and Bethel, Logan Co., Ap.,' 
 i854-'8; of Hopewell, Perry Co., 111., 1859-Oct. '63; pastor 
 of Gilead at Grand Rapids, Wood Co., O., 1868, till his death, 
 Mar. 24, 1873. 
 
 WYATT, Richard Calvin: 
 
 Was born in Lincoln, Tenn. ; was graduated at Miami in 
 1869, and studied theology at Monmouth; was licensed Ap. 
 19, 187 1, by Monmouth Pres., and ordained Sept. 20, '']2, 
 by Des Moines; S. S. at Hoopestown, 111., i873-'6; pastoral 
 Clifton, O., Ap., 1878-Ap. 14, '85; Newton, Kan., 1886- 
 
 WYLIE, Robert Templeton: 
 
 Was born Nov. 22, 1844, at Lagrange, Ind.; was edu- 
 cated at Monmouth and Glasgow University, Scotland and 
 studied theology atNewburgh; was licensed in Ap., 1871, by 
 
658 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Michigan Pres., and ordained May 28, '72, by Second New 
 York; pastor of First Brooklyn, N. Y., May, 1872-Nov. 9, 
 '75; Oxford, Pa., May 31, 1877-Oct. 14, '80; S. S. in Michi- 
 gan; Newark N. J., May 25, 1885. Passed May 5, 1887, to the 
 Associate Church. 
 
 WYLIE, Thomas*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 25, 1847, in Martin, Mich, ; was graduated 
 at the University of Michigan in 1870, and studied theology 
 at Newburgh; was licensed Ap. 3, 1873, by First New York 
 Pres., and ordained Jan. 26, '75, by Argyle; was pastor at 
 Hebron, Washington co., N. Y., Jan., 1875-Sept. 18, '76; 
 died at his father's home in Mich., Ap. 3, 1877, from con- 
 sumption. He gave great promise of usefulness. 
 
 WYNKOOP, Richard (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Dec. 16, 1798, in New York city; was graduated 
 at Columbia College in 1819, and studied theology partly at 
 New Brunswick, but principally in New York under a private 
 instructor; was licensed Ap. 5, 1826, by the Second Pres., 
 of New York, (Presbyterian,) and was ordained in '28; pas- 
 tor at Yorktown, Westchester Co., N. Y., 1828-Feb., '34; 
 was installed June 25, 1834, in the Presbyterian congregation 
 of Hagerstown, Md. Some matters of discipline brought the 
 Session in collison with the Presbytery, in consequence ot 
 which the pastor and the mass of the people united with the 
 Asso. Ref. Presbytery of New York on the 6th of Mar., 1838. 
 This congregation originally belonged to the Asso. Ref. Ch., 
 and left after the death of its pastor, John Lind, in 1824, and 
 all the elders of 1838 had been ordained in the A. R. Church. 
 Mr. Wynkoop possessed many strong elements of individu- 
 ality. As a logician he had very few superiors, and of sar- 
 casm he was a thorough master, and for debate he had a posi- 
 tive passion. He was suspended and dismissed from the 
 Seminary in New Brunswick because of his argumentative 
 annoyances to the Professors, and when his church was 
 threatened with a suit in chancery he prepared himself to 
 make the defence in court. He was a man of stern principle, 
 and an ardent and devoted champion of what he believed to 
 be the truth. He had a very special dislike for secret socie- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 659 
 
 ties, and repeatedly bearded Masonry in one of its strongholds. 
 In repartee and retort he was exceedingly ready. The writer 
 was present in Presbytery once when Dr. Duffield made one 
 of his most eloquent and persuasive speeches in opposition to 
 Mr. Wynkoop, tinged with considerable bitterness. He con- 
 cluded by turning to him and saying, "I admire his head, 
 and am sorry that I cannot say so much of his heart." Mr. 
 Wynkoop immediately started to his feet, and in a very pleas- 
 ant tone of voice said, " Mr. Moderator, my head thanks the 
 brother, and my heart forgives him," and the effect of Dr. 
 Duffield' s able speech was entirely destroyed. He was a man 
 of great integrity of character, simplicity of manners and 
 purity of life. His last illnesss, sporadic cholera, was so sud- 
 den and severe that he sank rapidly, and a council of physi- 
 cians prescribed brandy as a stimulant, but he positively re- 
 fused to taste it, saying that he was perfectly willing to die, 
 but that he was not willing to go into the presence of his 
 God under the influence of strong drink. He died Ap. 5, 
 1842. 
 
 YOUNG, Alexander D. D., LL. D., (A. R.): 
 
 Was born June 4, 1815, in Glasgow, Scotland, and brought 
 in 1819 to Pittsburgh; was graduated at the Western Univer- 
 sity in 1838, and studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed 
 Ap. 13, 1841, by Monongahela Pres., and ordained June 23, 
 '42, by Steubenville; pastor at St. Clairsville, O., June, 
 1842-Sept., 1857; First Ch., Monmouth, 111., co-pastor with 
 Dr. D. A. Wallace Jan., 1859-June, '60; then sole pastor 
 until June, '63; of the Second Ch., Monmouth, co-pastor 
 with Dr. Wallace June, 1863-Oct., '68; then sole pastor until 
 July I, '71; S. S. for half time at Logan's Ferry, Pa., since 
 Sept., 1875. Prof in the Theo. Sem. in Oxford, in all de- 
 partments except Church History, Dec. i, 1855-Mar., '58, 
 supplying also the Oxford pulpit during the sessions. Trans- 
 ferred with the Seminary to Monmouth, 111., in Sept., '58, 
 and served as before until Sept., '64; then Prof only of Sys- 
 tematic and Polemic Theology and Homiletics until '74, 
 when the Seminary was united with the one at Xenia; was 
 also Prof of Greek and Hebrew in Monmouth College 1858- 
 '64, and of the Evidences of Christianity 1864-75; l^^s been 
 
66o THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Prof, of Pastoral Theology and Apologetics in the Theo. Sem. 
 in Allegheny, Pa., since 1876. Was Moderator of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of 1863 and Delegate to the Presbyterian Coun- 
 cil of 1884. Publications: An Address before Franklin Col- 
 lege in 1854; A Paper on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 
 prepared by direction of General Assembly, and read before 
 it in 1872; Two Sermons in the Asso. Ref. Pulpit, vols. IV 
 and V. 
 
 YOUNG, Alexander Imbrie: 
 
 Was born Jan. 20, 1843, ^^^^ Portersville, Lawrence Co., 
 Pa. ; was graduated at Monmouth in 1867, and studied the- 
 ology at Monmouth and Allegheny; was licensed June 16, 
 1868, by Allegheny Pres., and ordained June 15, '69, by 
 Frankfort; pastor at Hookstown and Tumblinson Run, June, 
 1869-May I, '72; Turtle Creek, Allegheny Co., Pa., Sept. 3, 
 1872-June 9, '85; McKeesport, Pa., since Dec. 20, 1886. 
 
 YOUNG, John (A. R.)*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 4, 1763, in York Co., Pa.; was graduated, 
 taking the first honor, at Dickinson in 1788, and studied the- 
 ology under Dr. Nisbet, President of the College, and Alex- 
 ander Dobbin, of Gettysburg; was licensed Ap. 13, 1791, by 
 the Asso. Ref. Pres. of Pennsylvania, and ordained Aug. 2, 
 '92, by the same; was pastor of Timber Ridge and Old Provi- 
 dence, Rockbridge and Augusta counties, Va., Aug., 1792- 
 '99; Greencastle, West Conecocheague and the Great Cove, 
 Franklin Co., Pa., 1799 till his death, July 24, 1803. He 
 was a man of good abilities, of fine mental culture and of 
 afifable manners, and was always heard with gladness. As an 
 earnest and instructive preacher he had no superior in his 
 church. The General Synod was to organize and hold its 
 first meeting in his church shortly after his death. As he 
 would not be there to welcome the brethren he left them a 
 charge from his death bed, that as the cause and truth of 
 Christ were committed to their care and keeping they should 
 be faithful to their trust, as they would have to give an ac- 
 count of their stewardship. This charge was delivered in a 
 very impressive manner and with telling effect by Dr. Mason 
 in the conclusion of his opening sermon. His death was 
 
THE MINISTRY. 66 1 
 
 caused by a fever resulting from over-exertion in preaching 
 three times in the open air on a very hot day. 
 YOUNG, John Hugh: 
 
 Was born in Pittsburgh; was graduated at Jefferson in 
 1854; studied theology at Allegheny and in Edinburgh; 
 was licensed Dec. 30, 1857, by Monongahela Pres., and or- 
 dained July 13, '59, by Des Moines; was S. S. and then 
 pastor in Des Moines city, la., i859-'63; joined the Congre- 
 gational Ch. , and has long labored at Ironton, Ohio. 
 YOUNG, Robert Gracey: 
 
 Was born in 1841 near Gettysburg, Pa.; was graduated at 
 the Western University in 1867, and studied theology at Al- 
 legheny; was licensed June 29, 1869, by Monongahela Pres., 
 and ordained Sept. 5, 187 1, by Butler; pastor at Brownsdale 
 and Union, Butler Co., Pa., Sept., 1871-May 4, '75; having 
 some peculiar views upon Faith, the promise of the Spirit, 
 Creeds, etc., he "refused longer to administer the sealing 
 ordinances of the Church upon the human creed," and was 
 formally suspended from the ministry on the 15th of June, 
 1880, and resides at Shrewsbury, York Co., Pa. 
 YOUNG, Samuei.: 
 
 Was born in May, 1837, near Ramelton, Co. Donegal, 
 Ireland; was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 
 1863, and studied theology at the Ref Pres. Sem. in Phila. ; 
 was licensed in 1866, by the Ref Pres. Presbytery of Phila., 
 and ordained May 8, '67, by Chicago; pastor of Bloom, Cook 
 Co., 111., May, 1867-Oct., '74; in Allegheny, Pa., 1875-Mar., 
 '81; joined the United Presbyterian Church in Dec, 1881, 
 and resides in Allegheny. 
 
 YOUNG, Thomas Wii^liam: 
 
 Was born in 1849, in Ardara, Co. Donegal, Ireland, and 
 came to America in 1861; was educated at Westminster, and 
 studied theology at Allegheny; was licensed Ap. 9, 1878, by 
 Cleveland Pres., and ordained May 6, '79, by Butler; pastor 
 of Mt. Chestnut and White Oak Springs, Butler Co., Pa., 
 May 6, 1879-July 8, '84; 5th Pittsburgh, Dec. 27, 1884-Ap. 
 5, '87; pastor of Jefferson, Allegheny Co., Pa. 
 
662 OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Succession of Officers of the General 
 Assembly. 
 
 MODERATORS. 
 
 A.D. PLACE OF MEETING. NAME. PRESBYTERY. 
 
 1858 Pittsburgh, Pa. . . *Rev. John T. Pressly, D. D . . . .Allegheny. 
 
 1859 Xenia, O *Rev. Peter Bullions, D. D . . . . Albany. 
 
 i860 Philadelphia, Pa. . *Rev. Joseph Clokey, D. D . . . . Xenia. 
 
 1861 Monmouth, 111. . . Rev. R. D. Harper, D. D Xenia. 
 
 1862 Pittsburgh, Pa . . . *Rev. Joseph T. Cooper, D. D . . . Philadelphia. 
 
 1863 Xenia, O Rev. Alex. Young, D. D., LL. D . Monmouth. 
 
 1864 Philadelphia, Pa. . *Rev. D. A. Wallace, D. D., LL. D.Monmouth. 
 
 1865 Washington, la . . *Rev. John B. Clark, D. D .... Allegheny. 
 
 1866 Allegheny, Pa. . . *Rev. David R. Kerr, D. D., LL. D.,Monongahela. 
 
 1867 Xenia, O Rev. John B. Dales, D. D .... Philadelphia. 
 
 1868 Argyle, N. Y. . . . Rev. James Harper, D. D . . . . ist New York. 
 
 1869 Monmouth, 111. . . Rev. R. A. Browne, D. D .... Mercer. 
 
 1870 Pittsburgh, Pa . . . *Rev. T. S. Kendall, D. D .... Oregon. 
 
 1871 Xenia, O Rev. R. A. McAyeal, D. D . . , . Des Moines. 
 
 1872 Washington, la . . *Rev. John S. Easton, D. D. , . . Westmoreland. 
 
 1873 Philadelphia, Pa. . Rev. John Y. Scouller, D. D . . . ist Ohio. 
 
 1874 Monmouth, 111. . . Rev. John G. Brown, D. D . . . . Monongahela. 
 
 1875 Wooster, O . . . . Rev. W. W. Barr, D. D Philadelphia. 
 
 1876 Philadelphia, Pa. . Rev. James Brown, D. D Keokuk. 
 
 1877 Sparta, 111 Rev. Robert B. Ewing, D. D . . . Monongahela. 
 
 1878 Cambridge, O . . . Rev. S. G. Irvine, D. D Oregon. 
 
 1879 NewWilm'g'n, Pa. *Rev. William Bruce, D. D . . . . Xenia. 
 
 1880 Xenia, O Rev. E. T. Jeffers, D. D Mercer. 
 
 1881 Allegheny, Pa . . . Rev. David W. Carson, D. D . . . Frankfort. 
 
 1882 Monmouth, 111. . . Rev. David Paul, D. D Muskingum. 
 
 1883 Pittsburgh, Pa. . . Rev. Wm. H. McMillan, D. D . . Allegheny. 
 
 1884 St. Louis, Mo . . . Rev. William H. French, D. D . . ist Ohio. 
 
 1885 Topeka, Kans . . . Rev. William Johnston, D. D. . . College Spr'gs. 
 
 1886 Hamilton, O. . . . Rev. John T. Brownelle, D. D . . Chartiers. 
 
 1887 Philadelphia, Pa. . Rev. Matthew M. Gibson, D. D. . San Francisco. 
 
 PRINCIPAL CLERKS. 
 
 1858 *Rev. Samuel Wilson, D. D., 1866 *Rev. J. Prestley, D. T).,protem., 
 
 1859 *Rev. James Prestley, D. D., 1S67 *Rev. J. T. Cooper, D. D., 
 1863 *Rev. J. T. Cooper, D. D., 1875 Rev. W. J. Reid, D. D. 
 
 SECOND CLERK. 
 1868 Rev. A. G. Wallace, D. D. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 1859 James McCandlass. 
 
 * Deceased. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 663 
 
 Boards of the Church. 
 
 THE BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. 
 
 THE Associate and the Associate Reformed Churches were 
 always aggressive in spirit, and did all they could with 
 the men and means at their command to cultivate their do- 
 mestic missionary field. And God blessed both of them in 
 their labors and doubled their numbers repeatedly. When 
 the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church 
 organized its beneficent agencies in 1859, prominent among 
 them was a Board of Home Missions. The constitution then 
 adopted has been changed and modified so that it consists now 
 of nine members, three being elected by the Assembly every 
 year, and located at Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1874 this Board was 
 chartered by the Pennsylvania Legislature, and its duty is to 
 " carry out the measures adopted by the General Assembly 
 from year to year; to take general supervision and control of 
 the work; to meet emergencies arising during the year, and 
 to make safe and proper investment of all funds intended by 
 the donors or ordered by the General Assembly to be in- 
 vested." Its special duty "is to carr}^ out the plan of opera- 
 tions recommended by the general committee, and revised 
 and adopted by the General Assembly." It is the executive 
 committee of the general committee. 
 
 This General Committee is composed of one delegate from 
 each Presbytery of the church, elected annually by the Pres- 
 bytery, and meets annually at or near the place appointed for 
 the meeting of the Assembly seven working days before the 
 session of the Assembly begins. Its duty is to make an an- 
 nual distribution of the men and means placed at its disposal, 
 and take action upon any other matter affecting the cause of 
 Home Missions. The General Assembly reviews and con- 
 firms its work. Each Presbytery nominates to the Assembly 
 
664 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 one of its members as the Superintendent of Missions, whose 
 duty it is to see that the action of the Board is promptly and 
 vigorously carried out within the bounds of his Presbytery. 
 
 The system is simple and has proved to be efficient and 
 economical in opening up new fields, in strengthening exist- 
 ing organizations, and in bringing unsettled ministers and 
 vacant congregations into communication with each other. 
 
 THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. 
 
 In 1796 the Young Men's Missionary Society of New York 
 was organized with special reference to the evangelization of 
 the American Indians then and even yet resident in central 
 and western New York. This society was mainly composed 
 of ministers and members of the Presbyterian, the Reformed 
 Dutch and the Associate Reformed Churches, and one of the 
 oldest ministers of the latter was for several years one of its 
 missionaries. When the "American Board of Commissioners 
 for Foreign Missions was organized, 1810, a number of the 
 ministers, and members of the Associate Reformed Church 
 became liberal and active supporters of it in sending the gos- 
 pel to the heathen. 
 
 But it was not until the year 1834 that any branch of the 
 Associate Reformed Church entered upon the foreign work in 
 a church capacity. In that year the Synod of New York 
 ' ' fully recognized it as a present duty to engage in this work, ' ' 
 and directed the congregations under its care to make it a 
 matter of special prayer at their monthly concerts of prayer, 
 and also to form congregational societies for the collection of 
 funds. For the sake of economy in the local expenses on the 
 foreign field, it was agreed to cooperate for the present with 
 the ' ' Western Foreign Missionary Society ' ' of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church, located at Pittsburgh, Pa. The Rev. James 
 McEwen, of the Pres. of New York, was appointed as mis- 
 sionary to go to some place in Northern India, to be selected 
 by himself. He and his wife sailed Nov. 16, 1835, in com- 
 pany with the Rev. Mr. Campbell, of the Reformed Presby- 
 terian Church, destined for the same field, and the Rev. 
 Messrs. Winslow and Dwight, of the Ceylon ]\Iission. This 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 665 
 
 missionary band began their work at sea, by keeping up a 
 daily religious service, which resulted in such a revival or 
 religion that there were but few sailors aboard the ship that 
 remained unconverted when they arrived at Calcutta. Mr. 
 McEwen's constitution was not suited to the debilitating 
 climate of India, and he immediately suffered a severe attack 
 of illness. He rallied, however, and proceeded to Allahabad, 
 where he located and met with immediate success in the 
 gatheringof a school and the organization of a church among 
 those who were employed by the government and could 
 speak the English language. He was able to remain only a 
 little more than one year, when his health failed so com- 
 pletely that it was with difficulty he could get out of the 
 country. He arrived at home in 1838, still feeble, and re- 
 signed his appointment. 
 
 In 1844 the General Associate Reformed Synod of the West 
 resolved to establish a mission in Syria, with special reference 
 to the Jews, During the following winter the Rev. James 
 Baruett and his brother-in-law, J. G. Paulding, M. D., and 
 wife, went out with discretionary power to select their own 
 location. They fixed upon Damascus, with its one hundred 
 and twenty thousand inhabitants, eight thousand of whom 
 were descendants of Abraham, and here addressed themselves 
 "to the Jew first and the Gentile also." This mission was 
 strengthened by the addition of the Rev. Gulian Lansing and 
 wife, of the Pres. of New York, and the Rev. James A. 
 Frazier and wife, of Michigan Pres., in 1851, and Miss Sarah 
 B. Dales, of Philadelphia, in 1854; the Rev. John Crawford 
 and wife, of the Pres. of Washington, and Alexander Hattie, 
 M. p., in 1857. 'I'hey had also the assistance of Irish and 
 Scotch missionaries until the massacre of i860, when some 
 were slain and others compelled to flee. The mission was 
 feebly rebuilt and finally transferred in 1878 to the Presby- 
 terian Church of Ireland. This mission had many difficulties 
 to contend with, and yet its success was very encouragino-; 
 first with the Jews, or rather Jewesses, and afterward with 
 those of the native Syrian churches. 
 
 In 1853 Mr. Barnett was detached from the mission in Da- 
 mascus and sent down to Egypt to start a mission in the city 
 42 
 
666 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH, 
 
 of Cairo. He was there joined in 1854 by the Rev. Thomas 
 McCague and wife, of the Pres. of Chillicothe. Ill health 
 compelled Mr. Lansing to leave Syria in 1857, and he located 
 in Alexandria, in Egypt, where he found Mr, John Hogg, a 
 theological student, who had been seen hither the previous 
 year by a society in Scotland to establish a Protestant school. 
 Miss Dales followed from Syria in i860, and quite a number 
 of male and female missionaries have been sent out at differ- 
 ent times from the U. S. until now there are stations scattered 
 all along from Mansoora to the first cataract on the Nile. 
 
 In the book department this mission in 1886 disposed of 
 9,651 volumes of the scriptures, 8,993 religious publications, 
 19,173 educational works, or a total of 37,817 volumes, for 
 which $8,107, were received. 
 
 There is a training college at Asyoot with 160 scholars, 
 one-half of which are boarders; and for several years there 
 have been about ten students in the theological seminary. 
 
 In 1842 the Synod of the Associate Church concluded to 
 establish a mission in South America, and sent out the Rev, 
 Joseph Banks to explore the field. His report to the Synod 
 in 1843, ^^ favor of the Island of Trinidad, was adopted, and 
 he and the Rev. David Gordon and wife and their niece, 
 Miss Beveridge, sailed in the summer of 1843, and selected 
 Savanne Grande as the place of their operations. They 
 erected a church and a dwelling house, and were joined by 
 Mr. G. Kerr, of Allegheny Co., Pa., as a farmer, with a view 
 of subserving the mission work. The promise of early suc- 
 cess was good, when Mr. Gordon was called away by death 
 in Dec, 1844, and Mr. Kerr soon afterward, and Mrs. Gor- 
 don and Miss Beveridge felt constrained to return home. 
 In Sept., 1845, the Rev. John Scott took Mr. Gordon's 
 place, but was not allowed by the physicians there to attempt 
 to stay through the coming summer, and so returned in 
 May following. In June, 1847, M^- Andrew Thompson of 
 Pittsburgh, went to the mission as a teacher, accompanied 
 by his wife, but they returned in 1848. No other missionary 
 could be gotten, and in the spring of 1851 ill health compelled 
 Mr. Banks finally to leave the field. In June, 1851, the Rev. 
 W. H. Andrew and wife and sister-in-law. Miss McCall, sailed 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 667 
 
 for Trinidad, but lie found the missionary buildings so dilapi- 
 dated as to need rebuilding, and the ground measurably oc- 
 cupied by the Free Church of Scotland. Reporting these 
 things to the Board, he returned in accordance with its advice 
 in October of the same year, having left the mission in 
 charge of a neighbor, the Rev. Francis Church, of the Free 
 Church of Scotland. In 1854 Mr. Church resigned and came 
 to this country for the sake of a more northern climate. The 
 mission then became a joint mission with the Free Church 
 and in 1867 was transferred to the Presbyterian Church of 
 the Lower Provinces. 
 
 In consequence of their poor success in Trinidad the Asso- 
 ciate Synod resolved in 1853 to establish a mission in Hin- 
 doostan, and in Sept., 1854, the Rev. Andrew Gordon, ac- 
 companied by his wife, child and sister, Miss Elizabeth, sailed 
 for Calcutta. They located at the city of Sialkot, in the 
 Punjaub. During the next summer the Rev. E. H. Steven- 
 son and wife and the Rev. R. H. Hill and wife departed for 
 the same field, and in Dec, 1856, these three brethren con- 
 stituted themselves into the Presbytery of Sialkot. Other 
 missionaries followed from time to time, until now it is a 
 well established and prosperous mission, spreading over a 
 considerable part of the Punjaub. 
 
 The General Assembly of 1859, ordered the establishment 
 of a mission in China, and the Rev. J. C. Nevin and wife 
 located themselves in Canton in i860. The Rev. Joseph 
 McKelvey and wife joined them in 1868, but he remained 
 only two years, and Miss M. E. Galbraith was with the mis- 
 sion during the winter of 1875. For various reasons this 
 mission was withdrawn in 1878 from China and established 
 in California for the benefit of the Chinese there, and is now 
 carried on by Mr. Nevin in Los Angeles with the aid of two 
 or three teachers. 
 
668 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 SUMMARY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. 
 
 (1886) 
 
 Stations 121 
 
 Foreign Missionaries 16 
 
 Unmarried Female Missionaries 20 
 
 Native Ordained Missionaries 20 
 
 Total of Native Laborers 375 
 
 " All Laborers 429 
 
 Organized Churches 31 
 
 Native Communicants 6,161 
 
 Sabbath Schools 138 
 
 " Scholars 5,625 
 
 Other Schools 192 
 
 " Scholars 9,219. 
 
 VALUE OF MISSION PROPERTY. 
 
 In India ^27,500 
 
 In Egypt 208,200 
 
 Total #325, 700 
 
 MISSIONARIES. 
 
 Names, Places. Entered. Removed. Died. 
 
 Alexander, Rev. J. R. Asyoot, Egypt. 1875 
 
 Alexander, Mrs. C. " " 1876 
 
 Andrew, Rev. W. H. Trinidad. 1851 185 1 March 30, 1879. 
 
 Andrew, Mrs. " 1851 1851 
 
 Banks, Rev. Joseph " 1843 1853 April 26, 1859. 
 
 Barnett Rev Tames i Damascus, Syria. 1846 1855 
 
 Barnett, Kev. James \ Cairo, Egypt. 1854 1875 Oct. 2, 1884. 
 
 Barnett, Mrs. Margaret L. " " 1866 1875 
 
 Barr, Rev. James S. Sialkot, India. 1861 
 
 Barr, Mrs. Mary " " 1861 
 
 Caldwell, Rev. A. B. Gurdaspur, India. 1881 
 
 Caldwell, Mrs. Amelia M. " " " 1881 
 
 Crawford, Rev. John Damascus, Syria. 1857 1878 
 
 Crawford, Mrs. Mary B. " " 1857 1878 
 
 Currie, Rev. Ebenezer Alexandria, Egj'pt. 1865 Oct. 18, 1869. 
 
 Currie, Mrs. Nettie " " 1865 March 9, 1866. 
 
 Ewing, Rev. S. C. " " 1860 
 
 Ewing, Mrs. Catharine A. " " i860 
 
 Finney, Rev. T. J. Cairo, Egypt. 1882 
 
 Finney, Mrs. Nannie " " 1882 
 
 Frazier, Rev. James A. Damascus, Syria. 1851 Aug. 30, 1863. 
 
 Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth " " 1851 July 29, 1851. 
 
 Frazier, Mrs. Joanna " " 1854 1863 
 
 Gordon, Rev. Andrew Sialkot, India. 1855 Aug. 13, 1887. 
 
 Gordon, Mrs. " " 1855 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 669 
 
 MISSIONARIES— Continued. 
 
 Names. 
 Gordon, David 
 Gordon, Mrs. 
 Gordon, Mr. J. W. 
 Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor J. 
 Giffen, Rev. John 
 Giffen, Mrs. E. E. 
 Giffen, Rev. J. K. 
 Giffen, Mrs. Grace 
 Hattie, M. D., Alexander 
 Harvey, Rev. William 
 Harvey, Mrs. Henrietta M. 
 Hill, Rev. R. A. 
 Hill, Mrs. 
 Hogg, Rev. John 
 Hogg, Mrs. Bessie 
 Johnston, M. D., D. R. 
 Johnston, Mrs. Maggie J. 
 Kerr, Mr. G. 
 
 Lansing, Rev. G. 
 
 Lansing, Mrs. Maria G. 
 
 Lansing, Mrs. Sarah B. 
 Lansing, M. D., E. E. 
 Lansing, Mrs. 
 Lytle, Rev. D. S. 
 Lytle, Mrs. Isabella 
 McCague, Rev. Thos. 
 McCague, Mrs. 
 McKee, Rev. J. P. 
 McKee, Mrs. Margaret 
 McKelvey, Rev. Joseph 
 McKelvey, Mrs. Adelaide 
 Martin, Rev. Samuel 
 Martin, Mrs. Lydia L. 
 Murch, Chauncey 
 Murch, Mrs, Amelia S. 
 Nichol, Rev. A. M. 
 Nichol, Mrs. Emma C. 
 Nevin, Rev. J. C. 
 Nevin, Mrs. Amanda S. 
 Nevin, Mrs. Kate 
 Paulding, M. D., J. G. 
 Paulding, Mrs. 
 Patterson, M. D., Rev. J. F. 
 Patterson, Mrs. Isabella 
 Pinkerton, Rev. B. F. 
 Pinkerton, Mrs. Fidelia 
 Rule, Rev. A. H. 
 Rule, Mrs. Jennie M. 
 Scott, Rev. John 
 Scott, Mrs. 
 Scott, Rev. T. L. 
 Scott, Mrs. Mary A. 
 Scott, Mrs. Anna E. 
 Stevenson, Rev. E. H. 
 Stevenson, Mrs. 
 Stewart, Rev. Robert 
 Stewart, Mrs. Eliza F. 
 
 Places. 
 
 Entered. 
 
 Removed. Died. 
 
 Trinidad. 
 
 1843 
 
 1844 Dec. 24, 1844. 
 
 " 
 
 1843 
 
 1844 
 
 Sialkot, India. 
 
 1866 
 
 187I 
 
 " " 
 
 1866 
 
 187I 
 
 Asyoot, Egypt. 
 
 1875 
 1883 
 1881 
 1881 
 
 
 Damascus, Syria. 
 
 1857 
 
 i860 
 
 Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 1865 
 1865 
 
 
 Sialkot, India. 
 
 1856 
 
 1863 
 
 " " 
 
 1856 
 
 1863 June 10, 1875. 
 
 Asyoot, Egypt. 
 
 i860 
 i860 
 
 Feb. 27, 1886. 
 
 " " 
 
 1868 
 
 1875 
 
 II II 
 
 1868 
 
 1875 
 
 Trinidad. 
 
 1844 
 
 1845 1845. , . 
 
 r Damascus, Syria. 
 \ Cairo, Egyyt. 
 
 1851 
 
 1857 
 
 1857 
 
 
 / Damascus, Syria. 
 \ Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 185I 
 
 1857 
 
 ^857 
 
 July 5, 1865. 
 
 11 11 
 
 1866 
 
 
 Asyoot, Egypt. 
 
 1884 
 1884 
 
 
 Sialkot, India. 
 
 1881 
 1881 
 
 
 Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 1854 
 
 1861 
 
 11 11 
 
 1854 
 
 1861 
 
 Gujranwala, India. 
 
 1870 
 1870 
 
 
 Canton, China. 
 
 1868 
 
 1870 
 
 " " 
 
 1868 
 
 Nov. 20, 1868. 
 
 Zafarwal, India. 
 
 1866 
 
 
 II 11 
 
 1866 
 
 Dec. 3, 1886. 
 
 Luxor, Egypt. 
 
 1883 
 1883 
 
 
 Monsoora, Egypt. 
 
 1874 
 
 1884 
 
 11 11 
 
 1874 
 
 1883 
 
 Canton, China. 
 
 i860 
 
 1878 
 
 " " 
 
 i860 
 
 Sept. 27, 1867. 
 
 11 II 
 
 1869 
 
 1878 
 
 Damascus, Syria. 
 
 1845 
 
 1856 April 30, 1875. 
 
 " " 
 
 1S45 
 
 1856 
 
 11. u 
 
 1872 
 
 1877 March 23, 1882, 
 
 II 11 
 
 1872 
 
 1877 
 
 Alexandria, Egypt. 
 
 1865 
 
 1869 
 
 II 11 
 
 1865 
 
 1869 1871. 
 
 Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 II II 
 
 1871 
 
 1873 
 
 Trinidad. 
 
 1845 
 
 1846 Aug. 4, 1877. 
 
 " 
 
 1845 
 
 1846 
 
 Jhelum, India. 
 
 1874 
 
 
 " " 
 
 1874 
 
 Oct. 25, 1880. 
 
 II 1. 
 
 1882 
 
 
 Sialkot, " 
 
 1856 
 
 1863 Sept. 15, 1879. 
 
 " " 
 
 1856 
 
 1863 
 
 II i< 
 
 1881 
 
 
 • 1 << 
 
 1881 
 
 
670 
 
 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 MISSIONARIES— Continued. 
 
 Places. Entered. Removed. 
 
 Died. 
 
 Strang, Rev. David 
 
 Egypt. 
 
 1866 
 
 1876 
 
 
 Strang, Mrs. Gemella 
 
 
 1866 
 
 1876 
 
 
 Thompson, Mr. Andrew 
 
 Trinidad. 
 
 1847 
 
 1849 
 
 
 Watson, Rev. Andrew 
 
 Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 Watson, Mrs. Margaret 
 
 " 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 UNMARRIED FEMALE MISSIONARIES. 
 
 
 Names. 
 
 Places. 
 
 Entered. 
 
 Removed. 
 
 Died. 
 
 Anderson, Miss Emma D. 
 
 Jhelum, India. 
 
 1881 
 
 
 
 Beveridge, Miss Margaret A 
 
 . Trinidad. 
 
 1843 
 
 1884 
 
 
 Brown, Miss Adella A. 
 
 Luxor, Egypt. 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 Campbell, Miss T. M. 
 
 Alexandria, Egypt. 
 
 1870 
 
 1878 
 
 
 Calhoun, Miss Eliza 
 
 Gujranwala, India. 
 
 1869 
 
 1884 
 
 
 Campbell, Miss Mary J. 
 
 Zafarwal, " 
 
 1884 
 
 
 
 Conner, Miss Harriet M. 
 
 Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 1880 
 
 
 
 Corbett, Miss Kate M. 
 
 Zafarwal, India. 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 Dales, Miss Sarah B. 
 
 / Damascus, Syria, 
 t Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 1854 
 i860 
 
 i860 
 
 
 Frazier, Miss Mary A. 
 
 / Damascus, Syria. 
 \ Alexd'a, Egypt. 
 
 1876 
 1878 
 
 1877 
 
 
 Galbraith, Miss M. E. 
 
 Canton, China. 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 
 Galloway, Miss M. E. 
 
 Egypt. 
 
 1875 
 
 Oct. 
 
 15, 1881. 
 
 Gordon, Miss Elizabeth G. 
 
 Sialkot, India. 
 
 1854 
 
 
 
 Gordon, Miss Euphie E. 
 
 Gurdaspur, India. 
 
 1881 
 
 
 
 Given, Miss Anna F. 
 
 Jhelum, India. 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 Hart, Miss Sarah 
 
 Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 1861 
 
 June 
 
 28, 1869. 
 
 Johnston, Miss Eliza F. 
 
 " " 
 
 1869 
 
 i88i 
 
 
 Kyle, Miss Ella O. 
 
 Asyoot, ' ' 
 
 1883 
 
 
 
 Lockhart, Miss Maggie G. 
 
 " " 
 
 1874 
 
 1877 June 
 
 6, 1882. 
 
 McCahon, Miss Elizabeth 
 
 Sialkot, India. 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 McCall, Miss 
 
 Trinidad. 
 
 185I 
 
 1851 
 
 
 McCuUough, Miss Rosa A. 
 
 Gujranwala, India. 
 
 1879 
 
 
 
 McKown, Miss Martha J. 
 
 Asyoot, Egypt. 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 Newlin, Miss Elizabeth E. 
 
 " " 
 
 1880 
 
 
 
 Smith, Miss Margaret A. 
 
 Cairo, Egypt. 
 
 1872 
 
 
 
 Strang, Miss Isabella 
 
 Monsoora, Egypt. 
 
 1878 
 
 
 
 Strang, Miss Matilda 
 
 Alexandria, " 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 Thompson, Miss Anna Y. 
 
 Cairo, ' ' 
 
 187I 
 
 
 
 Welsh, Miss M. E. 
 
 Sialkot, India. 
 
 1869 
 
 1872 
 
 
 White, Miss Josephine L,. 
 
 Jhelum, " 
 
 1884 
 
 
 
 Wilson, Miss Cynthia E. 
 
 Gujranwala, India. 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 Wilson, Miss Rosa T. 
 
 " " 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 White, Maria, M. D. 
 
 Sialkot, India. 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 67 1 
 
 FEMALE FOREIGN MISSIONARIES.* 
 MRS. CARRIE (ELDER) ALEXANDER: 
 
 Was born Jan. 7, 1855, near Galion, O. ; was educated at 
 Ohio Central College, and taught three years; sailed Oct. 19, 
 1876, for the Egyptian mission; was married in Cairo, Nov.' 
 25, 1876, to the Rev. J. R. Alexander. Her station is Assiout. 
 MISS EMMA DEAN ANDERSON: 
 
 Daughter of James and Margaret Anderson; was born Sept. 
 5, 1857, in Butler Co., Pa. ; united when fifteen years old with 
 the Glade Run Ch., taught school for some time, and sailed 
 Aug. 30, 1 88 1, for India, and has charge of the Girls' School 
 at Jhelum. 
 
 MRS. MARY (BLACK) BARR: 
 
 Was born Nov. 20, 1833, "ear Canonsburg, Pa.; was 
 married June 27, 1861, to the Rev. James S. Barr, and sailed 
 with him in Oct. of the same year for India. She has been 
 principally located at Sialkot and Zafarwal. 
 MRS. MARGARET LEES BARNETT: 
 
 Daughter of the Rev. Jackson Duff; was born Sept. 9, 1843; 
 studied at the Female Institute, Oxford, O. ; was married 
 June 20, 1865, to the Rev. James Barnett, D. D., and sailed 
 for the Egyptian mission Oct. 2, 1865. Retired from it in 
 1875, and resides at Emporia, Kansas. 
 MISS ADELLA BROWN: 
 
 Was born June 2, 1859, in Perry Co., 111., and was educated 
 at the Normal College, Carbondale, 111.; sailed Sept. 15, 1886, 
 for Egypt, and is assigned to Luxor. 
 MRS. AMELIA MARGARET CALDWELL: 
 
 Daughter of Jacob and Barbara Eckert; was born Nov. 19, 
 1858, in Allegheny City, Pa., and educated at the Pittsburgh 
 High School; joined the Valley Presbyterian Ch. when fifteen 
 years old; was married Ap. 13, 1881, to the Rev. A. B. Cald- 
 well, and sailed on the 26th of May following for the mission 
 in India. 
 
 *NoTE. — For the personal items of the Male Foreij,ai Missionaries see 
 the appropriate places in the "Ministry." The following sketches of the 
 Female Missionaries are from the pen of the Rev. Dr. J. B. Dales, Secretary 
 of the Foreign Board. 
 
672 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 MISS ELIZA CALHOUN: 
 
 Daughter of Johnson and Isabella Calhoun ; was born Jan. 
 5, 1845, "^^^ Hookstown, Beaver Co., Pa= ; united with the 
 church when seventeen years old, and was graduated at 
 Westminster in 1869; sailed for the mission in India Oct. 30, 
 1869, and has labored principally at Gujranwala. In Jan., 
 1884, she married Rev. Mr. Carleton, of the Presbyterian 
 Mission, and is laboring under the care of their Board. 
 
 MISS MARY J. CAMPBELL: 
 
 Daughter of William and Margaret Campbell, both long 
 since dead; was born Sept. 12, 1865, near Biggsville, 111.; 
 sailed Nov. 12, 1884, for India, and is stationed at Zafarwal. 
 
 MISS THERESA M. CAMPBELL: 
 
 Daughter of William and Ann Campbell, and granddaugh- 
 ter of the Rev. William McAuley; was born May 21, 1847, i^ 
 North Harpersfield, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; was graduated at 
 Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary, Mass. ; united first with the 
 Congregational Ch. at South Hadley, Mass., and afterward 
 with the United Presbyterian at North Harpersfield; sailed in 
 Oct., 1870, for the mission in Egypt; returned on account of 
 impaired health and resigned in 1878. 
 
 MISS HATTIE MEREDITH CONNER: 
 
 Daughter of Cornelius and Elizabeth Conner, and grand- 
 daughter of the late Rev. William Conner: was born Feb. 23, 
 1858, in Allegheny City, Pa. ; early united with the Third 
 United Presbyterian Ch., of that city; was educated in the 
 Normal School, and sailed Sept. i, 1880, for the Egyptian 
 mission, and is stationed at Cairo. 
 
 MISS KATE CORBETT: 
 
 Daughter of C. R. & Jane Corbett, was born May 4, 1864, 
 in Brookville, Pa., and sailed for India Sept. 15, 1886. 
 MRS. MARY BEATTIE CRAWFORD: 
 
 Daughter of James and Laura Stewart; was born Mar. 30, 
 1835, in Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y. ; was educated in 
 the Argyle Academy, and united with the church when fif- 
 teen years old; was married Sept. 17, 1857, ^o ^^^^ Rev. John 
 Crawford, and sailed with him on the i6th of the next month 
 for the mission in Syria, and is still in Damascus. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 673 
 
 MRS. NETTIE CURRIE*: 
 
 Daughter of Walter and Ann Parry; was born Mar. 20, 
 1837, five miles east of Xenia, O. ; was baptized by Dr. A. 
 Heron of the Caesar's Creek Asso. Ch., and united with the 
 A. R. congregation of Cedarville in 1853; was married July 
 8, 1863, to the Rev. Eben. Currie, and sailed for Egypt, where 
 she died Mar. 9, 1866, at Alexandria. 
 MISS SARAH BLANKELY DALES: 
 
 Daughter of Hugh and Margaret Dales, and sister of the 
 Rev. Dr. J. B. Dales; was born July 20, 1820, near Moscow, 
 Livingston Co., N. Y. ; united with the A. R. Ch., in Philadel- 
 phia in 1842; sailed for the mission work in Damascus, Syria, 
 Sept. 30, 1854, where she met with great success in a school 
 composed principally of young Jewesses; removed to Egypt 
 in i860, and was married in 1867 to Rev. Dr. Gulian Lan- 
 sing. In Egypt her field of labor has been chiefly in the city 
 of Cairo, and in her school in Cairo was trained, and largely 
 through her influence was brought to Christ, Bamba MuUer, 
 who was married in June, 1864, to his Highness Maharajah 
 Dhuleep Singh, Sovereign Prince of the Punjaub in India, 
 but a resident in England after the annexation of that Pro- 
 vince to the British Empire. 
 
 MRS. CATHARINE ANN (BRADFORD) EWING*: 
 
 Was born near Canonsburg, Pa., Aug. 21, 1831, and joined 
 the Asso. Ref. Ch. at Cross Roads in 1852; was married Jan. 
 5, i860, to the Rev. Samuel C. Ewing, and sailed in Oct., 
 i860, for Egypt, and has labored principally at Alexandria. 
 She died a month ago, and he has gone to Russia. 
 
 MRS. NANNIE FINNEY: 
 
 Daughter of James and Grisella McClenahan, was born 
 Dec. 5, 1885, near Fairview, Guernsey Co., O. ; had two 
 brothers killed in the Union ranks in the Civil War, and is 
 sister of Prof. D. A. McClenahan; was married June 29, 1882, 
 to Rev. T. J. Finney, and sailed the next Oct. for the Egyp- 
 tian Mission, and is located at Monsoura. 
 MRS. ELIZABETH FRAZIER*: 
 
 First wife of the Rev. James A. Frazier; sailed with him in 
 185 1 for the mission in Damascus, Syria, and died July 29, 
 1 85 1, very soon after arriving there. 
 
674 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 MRS. JOANNA FRAZIER: 
 
 Daughter of Samuel and Mary Stephenson; was born Aug. 
 15, 1828, at Xenia, O. ; was educated at the academy in Sid- 
 ney, O., where she united with the church when sixteen 
 years old; was married July 12, 1854, to the Rev. James A. 
 Frazier, and sailed on the 30th of Sept. for Syria. After her 
 husband's death, Aug. 30, 1863, in Damascus, she returned 
 to this country, and resides at Monmouth, 111. 
 
 MISS MARY AGNES FRAZIER: 
 
 Daughter of the Rev. J. A. and Joanna Frazier; was born 
 Oct. 17, 1855, in Damascus, Syria; was brought by her 
 mother to this country in 1863; united with the church in 
 Monmouth, 111., in 1873, and was graduated at Monmouth in 
 1875, and sailed Oct. 19, 1876, for mission work in Damascus, 
 Syria. In 1877 she was transferred to Egypt, and is located 
 at Alexandria. 
 MISS MARY ELLEN GALBRAITH: 
 
 Dauo-hter of Walter and Sarah Galbraith; was born Nov. 
 8, 1851, in Passumpsic, Caledonia Co., Vt. ; was educated at 
 the St. Johnsbury Academy, and joined the United Presby- 
 terian Ch. in Burnet, Vt., in 1870; sailed Aug. 3, 1875, to 
 join the mission in Canton, China; remained there about a 
 year, and then married a Wesleyan Methodist missionary in 
 the same field. 
 MISS MARY E. GALLOWAY*: 
 
 Daughter of the late Rev. Jonathan Galloway, of the Asso. 
 Ref. Ch. of the South; was born in South Carolina and edu- 
 cated at Due West, S. C. ; sailed for Egypt in 1875 under ap- 
 pointment from the Asso. Ref. Synod of the South; was mar- 
 ried in 1876 to the Rev. John Giffen, and was located at 
 Asyoot, in Upper Egypt. Died Oct. 15, 1881. 
 MRS. JOHN GIFFEN: 
 
 (See Miss E. E. Newlin.) 
 
 MRS. GRACE GIFFEN: 
 
 Daughter of John N. and Mary R. Henderson; was born 
 Dec. 8, 1856, in New Athens, O. ; married Rev. J. Kelly 
 Giffen July 12, 1881; sailed in Aug. for the Egyptian Mission, 
 and is located in Asyoot. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 675 
 
 MISS ANNIE FRAZIER GIVEN: 
 
 Daughter of Rev. James and Margaret Given; was born 
 Feb. 2, 1864, near Parnassus, Westmoreland Co., Pa.; gradu- 
 ated at the State Normal School in 1885, and sailed for India 
 Sept. 15, 1886. 
 
 MRS. ELEANOR JANE (DOUG ALL) GORDON: 
 
 Wife of Mr. J. W. Gordon, a lay missionary to India; was 
 born in 1838 in Florida, Montgomery Co., N. Y. ; was mar- 
 ried to Mr. Gordon Oct. 17, i860, and went with him in 1865 
 to the mission at Sialkot, India, and retired from the same in 
 1871. 
 MISS ELIZABETH G. GORDON: 
 
 Daughter of the late Rev. Alexander Gordon; was born in 
 Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y., and sailed for India in 1854 
 with her brother, the Rev. Andrew, when he went to estab- 
 lish the mission at Sialkot. She has always been stationed 
 at Sialkot, and is now especially engaged in zenana work. 
 MISS EUPHEMIA E. GORDON: 
 
 Daughter of Rev. Dr. Andrew and Rebecca C. Gordon; was 
 born Feb. 12, 1858, in Sialkot, India; was educated mainly in 
 the U. S., and returned to India in 1875, and became a 
 formal missionary in 1881, and is now in the U. S. pursuing 
 a thorough medical education, so as to be qualified to estab- 
 lish an hospital for women. 
 MRS. REBECCA C. GORDON: 
 
 Wife of the Rev. Andrew; went with him in 1854 to 
 India; was settled first at Sialkot, but is now stationed at 
 Gurdaspur. 
 MRS. HENRIETTA MARIA HARVEY: 
 
 Daughter of the late Judge Thomas Lee and sister of the 
 Rev. Dr. J. B. Lee; was born in 1840 in Cadiz, O. ; labored 
 for some time as a missionary to the freedmen at Davis Bend, 
 Miss. ; was married Sept. 7, 1865, to the Rev. William Har- 
 vey, and the 30th of the same month sailed for Egypt, where 
 she has ever since labored. 
 MISS SARAH HART*: 
 
 Was the youngest of five children born to Jewish parents 
 in Hull, England; was born in 1832; became a Christian, and 
 
676 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 after encountering almost every sort of difficulty was baptized 
 June 7, 1857, by the Rev. John Dech, of the Church of Eng- 
 land, in Hull. She was immediately turned out of home by 
 her mother and the family, but through friends obtained a 
 situation in England as governess, and then went to help a 
 Mr. Reichart to carry on a school in Alexandria, in Egypt. 
 Here she came in contact with the United Presbyterian mis- 
 sion, and in Ap., 1861, joined it as a teacher. She continued 
 a most devoted and useful laborer until June 28, 1869, when 
 she was burned to death by the explosion of a can of kerosene 
 oil. Her principal field of labor was in Cairo. 
 
 MRS. HILL*: 
 
 Sailed with her husband, the Rev. R. A. Hill, Aug. 22, 
 1855, for the mission in India; was located at Sialkot, and 
 retired from the mission in 1863, and died June 10, 1875, near 
 Princeton, Schenectady Co., N. Y. 
 MRS. BESSIE DODDS (KAY) HOGG: 
 
 Was born Sept. 14, 1841, in Jamaica, West Indies. Her 
 father was a catechist of the Scottish Missionary Society, and 
 afterwards of the United Presbyterian Mission. In 1849 she 
 was taken to Edinburgh, Scotland, where she was educated, 
 and at the age of thirteen joined the United Presbyterian Ch. 
 On the loth of Jan., i860, she married the Rev. John Hogg, 
 and soon afterward sailed with him for Egypt. In 1872 
 she accompained her husband on a visit to the United 
 States. The largest part of her labors has been spent in 
 Upper Egypt. 
 MISS ELIZA F. JOHNSTON: 
 
 Daughter of the Rev. Dr. J. B. Johnston, of St. Clairsville, 
 O. ; joined the Egyptian Mission in 1869, and had charge of 
 the Girls' Boarding School in Cairo; was married Dec. i, 
 1881, to Dr. Robert Stewart, of the India Mission. 
 MRS. MARY JANE JOHNSTON: 
 
 Daughter of John and Ann Stewart; was born July 14, 1844, 
 in St. Clairsville, O. ; joined the church in 1861; married Dec. 
 25, 1867, D. R. Johnston, M. D., a medical missionary, and 
 sailed May 21, '68, for Egypt, and spent her time principally 
 in Upper Egypt. In 1877 she returned from the mission. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. ^'j'j 
 
 MISS ELLA O. KYLE: 
 
 ^ Daughter of William and Rachel Kyle; was born in Cedar- 
 yille, O., May 29, 1856; sailed Dec. 20, 1882, for Egypt, and 
 is stationed at Asyoot. 
 
 MRS. Dr. G. LANSING: 
 
 (See Miss S. B. Dales.) 
 MRS. HATTIE ELIZA LANSING: 
 
 Daughter of George and Calista Arnold; was born June 2, 
 1862, in West Troy, N. Y. ; married March 20, 1884, Elmer 
 E.^ Lansing, M. D., son of Rev. Dr, Lansing, and medical 
 missionary, and sailed in April for the Egyptian Missson, and 
 is located at Asyoot. 
 
 MRS. MARIA (OLIVER) LANSING*: 
 
 Was a native of Lisha's Kill, Albany Co., N. Y. ; was 
 married in Aug., 1850, to the Rev. Gulian Lansing, and 
 sailed with him Dec. 12, 1850, for the Asso. Ref. Mission at 
 Damascus, in Syria; removed to Egypt in 1857, and died of 
 cholera in Cairo, July 5, 1865. 
 
 MISS MARGARET GUTHRIE LOCKHART*: 
 
 Was born Sept. 19, 1852, in New York city; joined the 
 church at Andes, N. Y., when thirteen years old; was ed- 
 ucated at the College Institute of Andes; sailed Sept. 26, 
 1874, for the mission in Egypt; returned in 1878 because 01 
 impaired health, and resided with her mother at Barbours- 
 ville, Va., until her death, June 6, 1882. 
 MRS. BELLE LYTLE: 
 
 Daughter of John and Margaret Gordon, was born Ap. 23, 
 1846, in Guernsey Co., O. ; was married in Dec, 1872, to 
 Rev. D. S. Lytle, and sailed with him Aug. 30, 1881, for 
 India, and is stationed at Sialkot. 
 
 MRS. McCAGUE: 
 
 Embarked Sept. 30, 1854, with her husband, the Rev. 
 Thomas McCague, for the mission in Eg>'pt; labored mainly 
 in Cairo, and in 1861 returned because of enfeebled eyes, and 
 resides in Omaha, Nebraska. 
 MISS ELIZABETH McCAHAN: 
 
 Niece of the late Rev. Dr. Alex. McCahan; was born June 
 9, 1850, in Canonsburg, Pa.; joined the church in 1864; was 
 
678 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 educated at the Rev. W. Ewing's Academy; after teaching 
 
 several years she sailed Oct. 7, 1875, for India, and labors at 
 
 Sialkot. 
 
 MISS ROSANNA ADELAIDE McCULLOUGH: 
 
 Was born Feb. 15, 1851, near Unity, in Adams Co., O. ; 
 was the subject of very deep religious impressions at the age 
 often, and joined the church when fourteen years old; was 
 graduated at Lincoln College, Mo., in 1875, and sailed for the 
 mission in India on the 4th of Nov., 1879. 
 
 MRS. MARGARET McKEE: 
 
 Daughter of William and Mary Dickey; was born June 20, 
 1842, at Pulaski, Lawrence Co., Pa. ; joined the church at 
 the age of sixteen; was graduated at Westminster in 1861, 
 and labored for some time in the Freedmen's Mission at 
 Nashville, Tenn. ; was married Jan. 12, 1869, to the Rev. J. 
 P. McKee, and sailed Nov. 5, 1870, for the mission in India, 
 and is located at Gujranwala. 
 
 MRS. ADELAIDE McKELVEY*: 
 
 Daughter of Robert and Martha Moore; was born Jan. i, 
 1841, in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; was married Jan. 23, 1868, to the 
 Rev. Joseph McKelvey, and sailed on the nth of the next 
 month from San Francisco for China. After giving good 
 promise of usefulness she died Nov. 20, 1868, in Canton. 
 
 MISS MARTHA JANE McKOWN: 
 
 Was born Mar. 22, 1834, at Elizabeth, Pa., and was bap- 
 tized by the Rev. Matthew McKinstry; was a teacher in the 
 Sabbath-school at fourteen, taught in the public school at 
 sixteen, joined the church at New Concord, O., at seventeen; 
 was graduated at Monmouth College in 1859; was Principal 
 of a Female Seminary at Oskaloosa, la., for a time, and 
 sailed Oct. 6, i860, for the mission in Egypt. Her present 
 station is Asyoot. 
 MRS. LYDIA LUCRETIA MARTIN*: 
 
 Daughter of Stewart and Rachel Mossman; was born June 
 28, 1838, in Michigan City, Ind. ; was educated at James- 
 town, Pa. ; was married Sept. 27, 1866, to the Rev. S. Mar- 
 tin, and sailed on the 21st of the next month for India; died 
 Dec. 3, 1886. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 679 
 
 MRS. AMELIA SOPHRONIA MURCH: 
 
 Daughter of Allen and Maria Canfield; was born Mar. 6, 
 1867, at Milan, O. ; was married Ang. 4, 1880, to Rev. 
 Chauncy Miirch, and sailed with him, Oct. 7, 1883, for Egypt, 
 and is stationed at Lnxor. 
 MRS. AMANDA S. (BEGGS) NEVIN*: 
 
 Was born in Pittsburgh, Pa. ; married the Rev. J. C. Nevin 
 Nov. I, 1859, and sailed on the 17th of Dec. following, for 
 Canton, in China, and died there Sept. 27, 1867. 
 MRS. MARY CATHARINE NEVIN: 
 
 Daughter of George and Margaret McCague; was born in 
 Portsmouth, O., and early united with Dr. Pressly's church 
 in Allegheny; was married July 27, 1871, to the Rev. J. C. 
 Nevin, and returned with him to Canton, China, where she 
 remained until the mission was transferred in 1878 to Los 
 Angeles, California, where she now labors. 
 MISS ELIZABETH ELMIRA NEWLIN: 
 
 Daughter of James P. and Elizabeth Newlin: was born Jan. 
 21, 1855, near Smithfield, Jefferson Co., O. ; joined the Mar- 
 tin's Ferry Ch., when sixteen years old. After finishing her 
 education she taught for a time, and then sailed Sept. i, 1880, 
 for the mission in Egypt; married the Rev. John Giffen in 
 1883, and is stationed at Aysoot. 
 
 MRS. EMMA CUSHMAN NICHOLL: 
 
 Daughter of Henry and Josephine Patterson; was born 
 Sept. 27, 1849, in Geneva, Ala., and removed with the family 
 in i860 to Mercer Co., 111.; studied at the Aledo Academy, 
 and taught for some time; was married to the Rev. A. M. 
 Nicholl July 8, 1873, and on the i8th of Ap. 1874, sailed^jto 
 Egypt; and was stationed at Mansoorah, and returned in 1884. 
 
 MRS. PAULDING: 
 
 Daughter of the late Samuel Barnett, of Springfield, O., 
 and sister of the Rev. Dr. Barnett, and wife of J. G. Paulding, 
 M. D., medical missionary. She went with her husband and 
 brother to Syria in 1845, and returned to the U. S. in 1856. 
 MRS. FIDELIA FREEZE (EIKER) PINKERTON*: 
 
 Was a resident of Sparta, 111., and married the Rev. B. F. 
 Pinkerton Aug. 25, 1863, and sailed Sept. 30, 1865, for the 
 mission in Egypt. She returned in 1869, and died in 1871. 
 
68o BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 MRS. JANE MORE RULE: 
 
 Daughter of Robert W. and Caroline Clark; was born Feb. 
 
 25, 1845, in Blairsville, Pa.; was graduated at Monmouth 
 College in 1868, and was married Oct. 26, 1871, to the Rev. 
 A. H. Rule; sailed Aug. 24, 1872, for the mission in Egypt, 
 but returned the following year. 
 
 MRS. ANNA E. SCOTT: 
 
 Was born Aug. 2, 1849, i^ Franklin township, Beaver Co., 
 Pa. ; sailed Oct. 28, 1882, for India, where she subsequently 
 married Rev. T. L. Scott, and is settled at Jhelum. 
 MISS MARY AGNES SCOTT*: 
 
 Was born May 24, 1849, i^ Perry, Lawrence Co., Pa.; was 
 married Sept. i, 1874, to the Rev. T. L. Scott, and sailed for 
 India on the 26th of the same month ; was stationed at Jhe- 
 lum, where she died Oct. 25, 1880. 
 MISS MARY ANN SMITH: 
 
 Daughter of the Rev. J. N. and Elizabeth Smith; was born 
 July 16, 1847, in Haysville, O. ; joined the church at sixteen, 
 and after finishing her education taught for some time; sailed 
 for the mission in Egypt Nov. 2, 1872, and is stationed in 
 Cairo. 
 MRS. STEVENSON: 
 
 Wife of the Rev. E. H. Stevenson; sailed with him Aug. 
 22, 1855, for India; was stationed at Sialkot until 1865; 
 she returned, and now resides at Andes, Delaware Co., N. Y. 
 MRS. DR. ROB. STEWART: 
 
 See Miss E. F. Johnston. 
 MRS. GEMELLA STRANG: 
 
 Daughter of Hugh and Deodema Cotton; was born Jan. 
 
 26, 1836, near Pulaski, Lawrence Co., Pa.; was converted at 
 twelve and united with the church; was educated at West- 
 minster College; was married to Mr. (afterward Rev.) David 
 Strang, July 4, 1861; sailed Feb. 10, 1866, for the mission in 
 Egypt; was stationed in Alexandria; returned in 1876, and 
 now resides at Lincoln, Tenn. 
 
 MISS. ISABELLA STRANG: 
 
 Daughter of the Rev. David and Gemella Strang; was born 
 May 17, 1862, near Reynoldsburg, O. ; joined the church 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 68l 
 
 when fourteen years old; studied at Monmouth and Westmin- 
 ster Colleges; sailed Feb. 15, 1879, for Egypt, where she had 
 spent her younger years, and is stationed at Mansoorah. 
 MISS MATILDA STRANG: 
 
 Daughter of Rev. David and Gemella Strang; was born 
 Oct. 29, 1866, in Cairo, Egypt; was educated in the U. S. 
 and sailed for Egypt, Sept. 15, 1886, and has charge of the 
 Girls' School in Alexandria. 
 
 MISS ANNA YOUNG THOMPSON: 
 
 Daughter of the Rev. David Thompson; was born Mar. 11^ 
 1851, in Robinson township, Washington Co., Pa.; united 
 with the church at the age of fourteen; was educated in Mrs. 
 Hanna's Seminary, in Washington, Pa. ; sailed for the mission 
 in Egypt Nov. 4, 1871, and is employed in the Girls' School 
 in Cairo. 
 
 MRS. MARGARET WATSON: 
 
 Daughter of George and Christiana McVicker; was born 
 Aug. 23, 1835, at Prairieville, near Waukesha, Wis.; was 
 educated at Waukesha and at Rockford, 111. ; was married to 
 the Rev. Andrew Watson July 10, 1861, and sailed on the 
 28th of the next Sept., for Egypt, and is now stationed at 
 Cairo. 
 
 MISS ELIZABETH WELSH: 
 
 Daughter of Robert and Nancy Welsh; was born Mar. 29, 
 1849, near Washington, Pa. ; united with the church at the 
 age of fifteen, and studied at Iberia and Westminster Colleges; 
 taught among the freedmen at Natchez, Miss., and sailed Oct. 
 30, 1869, for the mission in India; returned to the U. S. in 
 1872. 
 
 MISS JOSEPHINE LILLIAN WHITE: 
 
 Daughter of Thomas and Mary Jane White; was born Sept. 
 24, 1858, near Grove City, Pa., and sailed Nov. 12, 1882, for 
 India; has been mainly at Jhelum. 
 
 MISS MARIA WHITE, M. D. : 
 
 Was born near Grove City, Pa. , and was graduated at the 
 Medical College in Baltimore, Md., and sailed Sept. 15, 1886, 
 to be a medical missionary in India, and is located at Sialkot. 
 43 
 
682 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 MISS CYNTHIA ELLEN WILSON: 
 
 Was born INIar. 27, 1850, near Morning Sun, Louisa Co., 
 la. ; graduated with the first honors in the scientific course in 
 Monmouth College in 1873, and sailed Oct. 7, 1875, for India, 
 and has resided at Gujranwala. 
 MISS ROSANNA TONER WILSON: 
 
 Sister of Cynthia E. and daughter of James X. and Martha 
 E. Wilson ; was born in Morning Sun, la. ; was graduated at 
 Monmouth College in 1886, and sailed for India Sept. 15, of 
 the same year. 
 
 NATIVE EGYPTIAN MINISTERS.* 
 
 MIKHAEEL YOOSEF EL-BELIANY: 
 
 His father, Yoosef, was a native of Abydos, near Girgeh, 
 but owing to his straitened circumstances he removed to 
 Belianeh in 1234 A. H., (1819 A. D.,) a few months before 
 Mikhaeel was born. Entirely neglected by his father he grew 
 up wild and wicked, and still bears marks of the rough scufiles 
 of his youthful days. When about fourteen years old his 
 thoughts took a serious turn, under the influence of a religi- 
 ous Copt named Butrus, who came to lodge in his father's 
 house. This man taught him to fast and pray. He also 
 taught him to reverence the "holy monks," w^ho, he said, by 
 virtue of their protracted fasts and prayers, &c., became 
 possessed of wings, and could fly to distant countries in a 
 short space of time. About this time the parish priest of 
 How (named Gad) visited Belianeh. Mikhaeel confessed to 
 him; and, by way of fitting him for communion, the priest 
 prescribed a daily routine of seven prayers (each pra5^er con- 
 sisting of twelve Paternosters and forty-one Kyrie Eleisons, 
 closing with twelve salutations to the Virgin Mar}' and the 
 recital of the Nicene creed,) and twenty-five genuflexions, or 
 prostrations. Next year the number of the latter was, at 
 M.'s own request, increased to fifty, viz: forty to Christ and 
 ten to the Virgin. 
 
 At the age of sixteen he absconded secretly from home in 
 the company of a monk named Aby El Malak El Obeidy, and 
 
 * Prepared by the Rev. Dr. John Hogg,of Asyoot, Egj'pt. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 683 
 
 went first to Boosh (near Benisooef) and afterward to Cairo, 
 where he was received by the Patriarch Butrus as a candidate 
 for monastic orders, and by him was sent to the convents of 
 Nitria. After a novitiate of three years, during which time 
 he "learned three trades, viz: To light a fire, to bake bread 
 and to cook a dinner," he was formally admitted as a monk 
 of the order of St. Anthony, and at the same time advanced 
 to the position of miller of the convent. By the help of a 
 monk named Monsoor he had meanwhile learned the letters 
 of the Arabic alphabet, and had spelled through twenty-five 
 prose Psalms, which the monk had written out for him on a 
 piece of tile. 
 
 Shortly after taking the monastic vow he became possessed 
 of a copy of the whole Bible in Arabic, giving in exchange 
 for it a pair of new shoes, his only earthly possession which 
 was of any pecuniary value. Now he began to study the 
 Word in earnest. 
 
 After spending five years in the Syrian convent of Nitria 
 the abbot summoned him to Cairo, where he was obliged to 
 remain for six months a horrified spectator of the foul lives 
 of the bishops, abbots and their associates. (His own abbot 
 was a Sodomite.) He tried to escape back to the convent, 
 but was beaten by his superior for having made the attempt. 
 At the close of six months — "which seemed to him like 
 sixty years" — he was allowed to return to Nitria, where he 
 buried himself among the books of the convent in the vain 
 search for something to quiet the misgivings of his disquieted 
 spirit. 
 
 After he had been seven years at Nitria the Bishop of the 
 Fayoom, Amba Ishac, visited the convent. On leaving he 
 gave the abbot a pair of shoes and a dollar for each of the 
 monks. The abbot gave them the shoes but kept the dollars. 
 They at once set off in a body for Cairo to complain to the 
 Patriarch. The abbot overtook them on the way with an 
 armed band, gave them three hundred lashes each, excom- 
 municated the whole thirteen of them, and hastened on be- 
 fore them to Cairo to give his version of the story to the 
 Patriarch. The version of the monks was disbelieved, and 
 Mikhaeel and some others refused to return to Nitria. 
 
684 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 After spending five months in the patriarchate at Cairo 
 Mikhaeel left with another monk, named Andraos, for the 
 convent of St. Anthony, on the shore of the Red Sea. Here 
 he remained two years in the position of waterer of the gar- 
 den. The state of the morals of the monks here (most of 
 whom expect one day to become bishops or patriarchs) was 
 worse than at Nitria — nearly as bad even as at Cairo. He 
 found one good man among them named Fanoos, to whom he 
 poured out the bitterness of his soul. ' ' When the head itself 
 is corrupt (meaning the abbot David, who afterwards became 
 the Patriarch Cyril,) what can you expect of the members?" 
 was Fanoos' reply. "But," he added, "do as I do. Read 
 your Bible. It will comfort you and inspire you with hope." 
 This monk helped him a good deal in his private studies, and 
 explained to him the peculiar tenets of the Coptic Church. 
 
 In the year 1259 A. H. (about 1844 A. D.), when Mikhaeel 
 was about twenty-five years of age, his bosom friend, the 
 monk Andraos, was made Metropolitan (Aboona) of Abys- 
 sinia, under the title of the Metran Salameh. When the 
 news of his appointment reached him ' ' he spent the whole 
 night in tears," and in the morning he came to M. and made 
 him swear on the ' ' Holy Gospel ' ' that he would accompany 
 him to Abyssinia, and remain his fast friend and bosom com- 
 panion for life. On his return from Cairo he ordained M. 
 and three others to the office of Presbyter, and proceeded on 
 his way up the Nile, leaving orders for M. to meet him at 
 Jedda. M. went by way of Suez and the Red Sea, taking 
 with him letters of introduction fiom the Rev. M. Lieder of 
 the Church Missionary Society to the English consuls at 
 Suez and Jedda. After twenty days' sail he reached Jedda. 
 Here he remained fifty days, when he was joined by the 
 Metran. After eight days' sail they reached Massowah. By 
 the time they reached Edwa a crowd of over ten thousand 
 people were marching in procession before and behind them, 
 who had come to welcome the Vicar of Christ, for whose 
 appearance they had been waiting for a period of twenty 
 years. 
 
 The head of the young Metrdn (he was but twenty-three 
 years old) was soon turned by the fulsome honors paid him 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 685 
 
 by the superstitions chiefs and tribes of Abyssinia. Mikhaeel, 
 who was his 'senior in years and experience, tried to act for 
 a time the part of mentor to him, but only got his hatred for 
 his pains. Before he had been many months in the country 
 he had got inextricably mixed up with the intrigues of the 
 contending chieftains, now siding with one and now with 
 another. At last M., to save his own life, was forced to sep- 
 arate from the Metran, who, contrary to M.'s advice, had 
 broken his oath with Ras Alee, King of Amara, and leagued 
 himself with Obeli, King of Tigre. When the Metran fell 
 into the hands of the angry king he tried to exculpate him- 
 self by casting the blame on M. The latter was able, by 
 letters in his possession, to prove his innocence of the charge. 
 This made matters worse between him and the Metran. At 
 the close of his four years of exile in Abyssinia the King of 
 Amara gave him permission to return to Egypt. On his way 
 from Gondar to Adwa one of the chiefs to whom he had letters 
 from the king gave him fifty dollars in addition to one hun- 
 dred given him by the latter, and induced him to go and 
 make peace with the Metran before he left. The Metran re- 
 jected his overtures, took all his money and clothes from him, 
 imprisoned him for two and one-half months, maltreated him 
 in every conceivable way, and at last sent him off in chains 
 to Massowah under charge of a company of Turkish soldiers. 
 He had to walk the whole way (seventeen days) barefooted, 
 tying cloths around his bleeding feet. The governor of 
 Massowah had pity on him and gave him three dollars and an 
 old blanket. Mr. Sawa, an Armenian, gave him a pair of 
 shoes and a shirt and an old cloak. After twenty days, dur- 
 ing which he had to support himself by begging, he got a 
 passage across to Jedda. Here he remained thirty days, 
 where "he suffered as much as during his four years of trial 
 in Abyssinia." At last he met a Christian named Eesa 
 (Jesus), who introduced him to the English consul, who gave 
 him money to pay his passage to Suez and a bushel of 
 grain to eat on his way. He sailed for Suez on the 25th of 
 November, 1848; was thirty days in reaching it, and almost 
 died of hunger by the way. In Suez he had to beg during 
 the day, and sleep in an open shed at night (in the dead of 
 
686 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 winter). After some time, through the kindness of a Greek, 
 he was allowed to join a caravan, and at length reached Cairo 
 "ragged, haggard and half-dead." 
 
 He remained some months in Cairo. To these months he 
 now looks back as the turning point of his life. While in 
 Abyssinia he had met with the missionary Isenberg, but after 
 an angry discussion with him he had driven him by rude force 
 out of the country. Hearing that the Rev. Mr. Kruze, of the 
 same society, was holding night-meetings in Cairo, M. went 
 resolved to "shut his mouth and break up the meetings." 
 Matters turned out differently from what he anticipated. 
 After a few meetings he became interested, then he began to 
 read some books given him by Kruze. Being passionately 
 fond of history, he set to with great gusto to read a small 
 church history printed in Arabic at the Malta press. This 
 book became the means of his conversion. "Doctrines 
 sealed by the blood of these Waldensian, Albigensian, Bohe- 
 mian and Huguenot martyrs must be true." He left for the 
 convent of Nitria, and remained there for seven loiig years ^ 
 reading, praying, meditating and struggling. All this time 
 he kept up an epistolary correspondence with Mr. Kruze, 
 and two or three friends whom he first met at Mr. K. 's meet- 
 ings. 
 
 In 1854 or '5 one of these letters fell into the hands of the 
 Patriarch Cyril. He at once sent for him and told him if he 
 valued his life to leave the country within the space of seven 
 days. Towards the close of the week the patriarch was sum- 
 moned by Saeed Pasha to Alexandria. M. ventured out of 
 his hiding place. He was seized by two men and carried 
 into the presence of the Metran Butrus, the patriarch's dep- 
 uty, severely bastinadoed, and ordered to leave Egypt forth- 
 with. He fled to Jerusalem. Bishop Gobat gave him letters 
 to Dr. Philip, of the Jewish Mission at Alexandria, and told 
 him to go back to Egypt without fear. Dr. Philip told him 
 of the arrival of American missionaries in Cairo, and gave 
 him a letter to Mr. Martin. Through Mr. Martin (who re- 
 fused to believe him to be a sincere convert) he heard of Dr. 
 Barnett. After a few days' search he found out Dr. Barnett's 
 house. He remained with him three years without salary, 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 687 
 
 living- all the time on the charity of his enlightened Coptic 
 friends. (Mr. Krnze had gone to Jaffa several years before). 
 In 1858 Dr. Lansing advised the brethren in Cairo to allow 
 him a small salary of $4. per month. 
 
 He was the first man admitted to communion by the Cairo 
 missionaries. Most of the first members were brought to the 
 meetings through his instrumentality. 
 
 In 1859 he went to Alexandria, and was employed by Dr. 
 Lansing as a Bible reader in the bookshop, hospital, prison, 
 etc. He also got a good deal of private instruction from the 
 missionary', besides attending his Bible-class regularly. In 
 i860-' I he accompanied the late Lord Aberdeen (then Lord 
 Haddo) in a tour of Bible distribution, of which a full account 
 is given in Lord Haddo' s memoirs, and he is the Father Mak- 
 hiel of Dr. Lansing's "Egypt's Princes." 
 
 In 1866 he was sent to labor as a preacher in the town of 
 Koos, after having assisted Dr. Watson, at Alexandria, for 
 two or three years, on the removal of Dr. Hogg to Cairo, 
 (August, 1862.) 
 
 On the 20th of Feb., 1867, he was ordained at Cairo to the 
 office of the ministry. Dr. Barnett, who had shortly before 
 returned after four years' absence, officiated on this occasion. 
 Messrs. Hogg and Currie were appointed to install him over 
 the pastoral charge of the congregation of Koos, but owing 
 to the persecutions that ensued on his return to Koos, his in- 
 stallation was never effected. 
 
 Owing to failing health and divisions in the congregation 
 he was transferred from Koos, first to Zakazeeg in June, 1869, 
 and then to Mansoora Dec. i, of the same year. Here he 
 remained, assisting Dr. Watson and supplying the station 
 in his absence, until the spring of 1873, after which he re- 
 mained in sole charge of this station until the arrival of the 
 Rev. A. M. Nichol, Dec. 8, 1875, when he was transferred 
 to Roolac, a suburb of Cairo, where he gathered a congrega- 
 tion, chiefly composed of poor people from Upper Egypt, over 
 whom he was installed as pastor in 1881. Here he died INIay 
 24, 1883. 
 
 REV. TADRUS YOOSEF: 
 
 Born in the city of Cairo in 1840; received the elements of 
 
688 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 a literary education in the Coptic school established by the 
 Patriarch Cyril, who was himself a pupil of Mr. Lieder of the 
 Church Missionary Society. Taught for some time in the 
 Coptic school, and on the death of the patriarch in 1862, the 
 school having been closed for want of funds to carry it on, he 
 was appointed head teacher in our mission school at Cairo. 
 In 1864 the new patriarch, (Demetrius,) who had received a 
 subvention of 1,500 acres from Ismail Pasha, in order to en- 
 able him to employ teachers of the highest class, and thus 
 obviate the necessity of the Copts sending their children to 
 the American school, offered Tadrus Yoosef triple the salary 
 which he was then receiving, and the position of head master 
 in his school. He refused the tempting offer, and became in 
 consequence the butt of the persecution which ensued on the 
 failure of all their other efforts to break up the mission school. 
 
 He was admitted to the membership of the evangelical 
 church in the autumn of 1862; was a member of the informal 
 theological class opened by Dr. Hogg in 1863; took a leading 
 part in the district nightly meetings, which were instituted 
 to countercheck the movements of the patriarch ; studied with 
 Drs. Lansing and Hogg until Feb., 1865, when the latter re- 
 moved to Asyoot, and the seminary was broken up for a time; 
 assisted Messrs. Ewing and Harvey for eleven months (1866) 
 in opening a new mission in the province of the Fayoom, and 
 in the resumption of the theological class, and its transference 
 to Asyoot, (Feb. 3, 1867,) he removed thither with his family, 
 and remained there in the double capacity of student and as- 
 sistant teacher until the i6th of Mar., 1870, when he was 
 licensed by the Presbytery of Egypt, and sent to labor in the 
 town of Nakhayleh, where a small congregation had been 
 formed chiefly though his own evangelistic labor while at- 
 tending the seminary. Over this, his first and only charge, 
 he was ordained and installed on Nov. i, 187 1. He was the 
 first native clerk of Presbytery, an office whieh he held for 
 four years, and is now a member of the committee of evangeli- 
 zation and station supervision. He is extremely short- 
 sighted, and is in danger of losing his sight entirely. 
 REV. SHENOODEH HANNA: 
 
 Son of Mr. Hanna Ishac, a man of position and influence 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 689 
 
 ill the town and district of Asyoot; was born in Asyoot on the 
 i6th of Jan., 1855; received the first elements of his educa- 
 tion in the Coptic school, where he remained about six years. 
 Gifted with a good voice and a musical ear, he became a great 
 favorite with the bishop and clergy on account of his profi- 
 ciency in reading and chanting the parts of the Coptic service 
 usually assigned to boys under the age of puberty. 
 
 He was one of the few Asyoot boys who braved for a time 
 the local opposition against the mission school opened by Dr. 
 Hogg in Mar., 1865, but after remaining about one year he 
 was, during Dr. H.'s absence in Scotland, withdrawn by his 
 father and sent to the opposition school started by the Copts, 
 where he remained three years, studying English, French, 
 grammar, geography, arithmetic, &c., and was generally con- 
 sidered the dux of the school. During this period he was a 
 frequent visitor at the mission house, and ultimately became 
 deeply interested in divine things. All the usual methods of 
 opposition and petty presecution were employed against the 
 youthful convert in intensified forms, but at last his prayers 
 and ours were answered; his father gave him permission to 
 return to the mission school. "After my return to the 
 American school," he says, " I spent six and a third years in 
 literary and scientific studies, such as arithmetic, algebra, 
 geometry, natural philosophy, moral science, logic and Eng- 
 lish, besides completing my studies in grammar, geography, 
 &c., and also in theological studies, including also Hebrew 
 and Greek. Our studies were all conducted at Asyoot, ex- 
 cept two summer sessions in theology at Ramleh." 
 
 He was admitted to membership in 1868; licensed on 26th 
 Mar., 1875; ordained and installed over the congregation of 
 Sinnoris on the 13th Feb., 1876; was Moderator of Presby- 
 tery in 1880, and in Mar., 1881, was chosen clerk of Presby- 
 tery for a period of four years. 
 
 On the day when he was licensed his father, (since deceased,) 
 who together with his whole family had been won over by 
 Shenoodeh to the evangelical faith, reminded Dr. Hogg that 
 when S. was still a little boy of ten years of age he (Dr. H.) 
 had patted him on the shoulder and said to him on hearing 
 of his popularity as a reader in the Coptic church, " My son. 
 
690 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 I hope to live to hear you preach the gospel from an evangeli- 
 cal pulpit." 
 
 He has a good knowledge of English, and is a great admirer 
 of Mr. Spurgeon, and a student of his works. 
 
 REV. GIRGIS RAFAEEL: 
 
 Born at Moteah, in the province of Asyoot, in 1851; re- 
 ceived the elements of a Coptic education in the village 
 school; entered the mission school at Asyoot when fourteen 
 years of age. In Mar., 1867, was summoned before the 
 patriarch Demetrius and ordered to leave the mission school 
 and enter the opposition school established by the bishop of 
 Asyoot, but stoutly refused to do so, even when threatened 
 with the bastinado; joined the church in 1868 or 1869. After 
 a course of ten years' study at Asyoot (including two summer 
 sessions at Ramleh) he was licensed Mar. 26, 1875, and or- 
 dained and installed Ap. 22, 1876, over the congregation at 
 Mellawi, where he had labored with great acceptance during 
 several successive vacations of the seminary. The station 
 at Beyadeeyeh, opened by him, is also under his pastoral 
 charge. He was for several years a member of the committee 
 of evangelization and station supervision, and by order of 
 Presbytery he has written a tract on Family Religion, which 
 was published. He became a Plymouthite and was sus- 
 pended from the ministry in 1884. 
 
 REV. IBRAHEEM YOOSEF: 
 
 Born at Cairo Dec. 30, 1844; all his brothers and sisters 
 died in childhood; was converted in 1859 under the ministra- 
 tions of Messrs. McCague and Barnett; attended the patri- 
 archal school for four years, when he learned to read in Ara- 
 bic and English; joined the mission school at Cairo in 1858. 
 In Oct., i860, he was left in Asyoot by Mr. McCague to open 
 a mission school, but failed, owing to the opposition of the 
 Coptic schoolmasters; taught for a few months at Benisooef, 
 and then returned to Cairo, where he remained, (with the 
 exception of three months spent at Asyoot in the summer of 
 1865,) in the double capacity of teacher and student, till Mar., 
 1867, when he went to finish his theological course at Asyoot; 
 there he was licensed Mar. 16, 1870. In 187 1 he was called 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 69 1 
 
 to the pastoral charge of the Cairo congregation, but owing 
 to ill health and certain scruples he did not feel free to accept 
 the call. He continued to labor as a licentiate in Cairo, 
 (and for a short time in the Fayoom,) as far as his health 
 would allow, till 1874, when he turned aside for a time to 
 secular employment. In Ap., 1875, a call was presented to 
 him by the congregation of Asyoot, There being a large 
 minority in favor of another candidate he did not accept the 
 call at first, but consented eventually to labor amongst them 
 as a licentiate for a specified term. After tedious delays, 
 chiefly due to the discouraging state of his health, the call 
 was renewed and ultimately accepted. His ordination and 
 installation took place on the 17th of Oct., 1879. He has a 
 good knowledge of English and has translated several works, 
 one of which, "An Exposition of the Parables," has been 
 published. He acted for two years as clerk of the committee 
 of evangelization and station supervision, though not himself 
 a member of the committee. 
 
 REV. ISCAROS MASAOOD: 
 
 Born in the spring of 1848 at Sahil Seleen, a village oppo- 
 site Abooteej, in the Povince of Asyoot. His father owned a 
 small farm; learned to read in the village school; attended the 
 mission school at Asyoot from its first establishment in the 
 spring of 1865, and joined the theological class in Mar., 1867. 
 A few months after this he with three of his companions 
 " sent in to the Deputy Governor of the Province a written 
 complaint of force and wrongs committed against thein and 
 their parents by sub-officials of the government, to force them 
 to leave the American and go to the Coptic school. The 
 young men were summoned before the deputy, when, under 
 threatening, three of them agreed to go to the Coptic school. 
 Iscaros refused, when he was threatened with conscription 
 into the army and the forced labor, and was then bastinadoed 
 until, in going from the court to the prison, the blood was 
 seen to ooze from his shoes. He was kept in prison three 
 days, when, still proving incorrigable, he was released." 
 (Ninth Ann. Report.) He joined the church at Asyoot in 
 1868. After ten years of literary and theological study (in- 
 cluding two summer sessions at Ramleh), he was licensed at 
 
692 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 Asyoot on the 26tli of Mar., 1875. He was ordained at 
 Asyoot on the 17th of Oct., 1879, and installed over the con- 
 gregation of Benoob on the 19th of the same month. His 
 pastoral charge includes the mission station at Maasera. 
 
 EL MIZZEEKY, MIKHAEEL: 
 
 Son of the Coptic priest in Jawilly; was ordained Ap. 7, 
 1882, and has been pastor at Jawilly since ordination. 
 
 OBAID, GIRGIS*: 
 
 A native of Nakhaleh ; was thoroughly educated at Asyoot, 
 and ordained Ap. 7, 1882; pastor at Ekhmeem from ordina- 
 tion, and died Mar. 16, 1883, aged about 30 years. 
 
 BUTRUS, DIONYSIUS: 
 
 Ordained May i, 1882, as pastor at Luxor; became a Ply- 
 mouthite, and was suspended from the ministry in Mar., 1885. 
 
 BISHAI, HANNA: 
 
 Was educated at Asyoot, and ordained in Nov., 1885, as 
 pastor at Minieh. 
 
 BISHAI, MIKHAEEL: 
 
 Was educated at Asyoot, and ordained in Mar., 1885, as 
 pastor at Beni Adi. 
 
 TANYOOS, IBRAHEEM: 
 
 Was educated at Asyoot, and ordained in Mar., 1885, as 
 pastor at Moteah and Bakore. 
 
 ANSHALIAN, GIRGIS: 
 
 Was born in Armenia, and was partly educated in Turkey, 
 and partly in the U. S. ; went to Egypt in Nov., 1885, and 
 was ordained Ap. 27, 1886, as pastor at Koos. 
 
 NATIVE MISSIONARIES IN INDIA.* 
 
 SCOTT, GEORGE W. (his Christian name): 
 
 Brother of E. P. Swift; was born about 1828 in northern 
 India; was educated in the Orphanage of the Presbyterian 
 mission at Saharanpur, and studied theology under the care 
 of the Associate Presbytery of Sialkot, and was ordained Jan. 
 7, 1859, by the same. He performed the duties of an evan- 
 gelist, under the direction of the Presbytery, until his death, 
 
 * Prepared by the late Rev. A. Gordon, of Gurdaspur, India. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 693 
 
 which occurred Dec. 30, 1868. A man of faith and of works, 
 as the following narrative of a youthful adventure abundantly 
 shows : 
 
 Some time about the year 1850 a lady in England contrib- 
 uted a liberal sum of money to print Bibles in the language 
 of the Afghans. These Bibles were sent to the care of Col. 
 Wheeler, an English officer stationed at Peshawar, on the 
 northwest frontier of India. Col. Wheeler asked Scott to 
 find, if possible, some person who would take the Bibles into 
 Afghanistan, but after much effort no one could be induced 
 for any consideration to risk his life in such a business. 
 Merchants were coming and going with other wares, but to 
 carry Bibles, or identify themselves in any way with the 
 Christian faith, was a hazard which no one would take. 
 Jews, Hindoos, Mohammedans and Christians alike refused. 
 At length Scott offered himself, saying, "This is God's own 
 work, and I feel that I can trust my life in His hand." Col. 
 W. objected at first on account of Scott's youth and want of 
 experience, but both made supplication to the Lord for direc- 
 tion. Scott continued firm in his resolution. The boxes of 
 books were loaded on mules, and reached Cabool, the capital, 
 through a rugged mountain pass of the Sulainarri range. 
 Here he took a room in a caravansary and begun to preach 
 and offer his Bibles. He was soon arrested, stripped of all 
 he possessed, brought before the king (Dart Muhammad 
 Khan) and required to profess the Muhammadan faith or be 
 put to death. Scott said he would do as they wished if they 
 would first convince him that their faith was right and his 
 wrong, for what good was there in confessing with the lips 
 only? They then called in a learned man with whom he 
 was required to debate, and who began to attack the doctrine 
 of Christ's divinity. Scott's answer to his first argument was 
 such that the great men of the king's palace admitted their 
 own champion to be fairly beaten, and the debate ceased. 
 Scott was in prison for several days and became dangerously 
 ill. After further consultations among themselves, some 
 wishing to release him, others counseling to kill him, they 
 finally agreed, partly on account of his youth and partly be- 
 cause they thought he would die of his sickness, to release 
 
694 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 him, A guard of two soldiers was sent to escort him back 
 to Peshawar. This is said to have been the first introduction 
 of Bibles into Cabool. They were handsomely bound, and 
 Scott always believed they would be preserved and read. 
 SWIFT, ELISHA P. (his Christian name), RAM CHAND*: 
 Was born in 1825, in Gwalior, North India; was educated 
 at the Orphanage of the Presbyterian mission at Saharanpur, 
 and studied theology under the direction of the Asso. Pres. 
 of Sialkot, by which he was ordained Jan. 7, 1839, and 
 labored as an evangelist, and was regarded as the most elo- 
 quent bazaar preacher in the Punjaub, He was long stationed 
 at Gujranwala, and died there Aug. 16, 1887, of blood poison- 
 ing from carbuncles. 
 
 THAKUR, GEORGE LAWRENCE: 
 
 Was born at Luck now, and was educated at the Orphanage 
 school at Gujranwala, and studied theology under the direc- 
 tion of the United Presbyterian Pres. of Sialkot; was licensed 
 Dec. 27, 1875, by the Sialkot Pres., and ordained Dec. 28, 
 1877, by the same. Is now stationed at Pasroor, in the Pun- 
 jaub. Publications: A large controversial work in defence 
 of the Bible, entitled Izhar-i-Isaioi ; a series of articles on the 
 "Philosophy of Revelation," published in a native news- 
 paper, the Safir-i-Hind ; a series of articles on " The Unnec- 
 essariness of the Koran," published in another native paper. 
 (See Gordon's Our India Mission, page 391.) 
 
 PAUL NASARALI: 
 
 Ordained Oct., 1885, by Sialkot Pres. 
 
 JOHN CLEMENT: 
 
 Ordained Ap. 23, 1886, by Sialkot Pres. 
 ISA BHAJNA: 
 
 Ordained Ap. 23, 1886, by Sialkot Pres. 
 
 SABUR MASIH: 
 
 Ordained Ap. 23, 1886, by Sialkot Pres. 
 IMAM-UL-DIN: 
 
 Ordained Ap. 23, 1886, by Sialkot Pres. 
 KARM DAD: 
 
 Ordained Oct. 14, 1886, by Sialkot Pres. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 695 
 
 ABDULLAH: 
 
 Ordained Oct. 14, 1886, by Sialkot Pres. 
 HAMID-UL-DIN: 
 
 Ordained Oct. 14, 1886, by Sialkot Pres. 
 J. W. SWEET: 
 
 Ordained Oct. 14, 1886, by Sialkot Pres. 
 JIWAN MAL: 
 
 Ordained Ap. 7, 1887, by Sialkot Pres. 
 
 BOARD OF MISSIONS TO THE FREEDMEN. 
 The late civil war at its very incipiency began to interfere 
 with the institution of slavery in the border States, and laro-e 
 numbers of those who hitherto had been slaves were thrown 
 upon their own resources, and generally under perplexing and 
 adverse circumstances. Their condition appealed strongly to 
 the sympathy and charity of the north, and in variousVays 
 relief was promptly afforded. United Presbyterians, in ac- 
 cordance with their anti-slavery principles, were among the 
 first to look after these waifs and "contrabands," and to de- 
 vise ways and means for their temporal and spiritual improve- 
 ment Their altered circumstances were so sudden and unex- 
 pected that the church had neither time nor opportunity for 
 consulting and moving as a whole, so the work began in a 
 fragmentary way and in different localities. Presbyteries 
 here and there appointed missionaries to go into Tennessee 
 and down the Mississippi river, where they would be covered 
 by the arms of the U. S., and by preaching and teaching and 
 various acts of loving kindness to do what they could to pre- 
 pare the freedmen for their new position, so that they might 
 be qualified for its duties and profited by its increased priv- 
 ileges. 
 
 The General Assembly in 1862 resolved, "That in our 
 opinion the providence of God is calling us to enter upon the 
 fields of missionary labor among the people of our southern 
 coast, in places where the power of slavery, which once drove 
 us away from the south, is now broken, and where it is im- 
 portant that the anti-slavery churches of the land should 
 
696 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 establish themselves as a means of securing freedom of speech 
 and promoting the interests of truth and righteousness in 
 those parts of our country. ' ' Suitable teachers and ministers 
 were asked to volunteer to go as laborers in such places as 
 may be selected, and a special fund was created to meet the 
 expenses of the undertaking. The field widened with the 
 progress of the war, and the Christian duty to enter and 
 occupy became more positive and imperative, so in 1863 the 
 General Assembly established a Board of Missions to the 
 Freedmeji^ which was incorporated in 1868 by the Legislature 
 of Pennsylvania. The charter declares "That the object of 
 said corporation shall be to educate the freedmen of the south 
 in secular and religious knowledge, by establishing and sup- 
 porting schools and churches among them, and by such 
 other means as are appropriate to missionary operations." 
 
 The U. S. government established at different places "con- 
 traband camps," into which fugitive slaves were gathered 
 and fed and made useful in various ways until society would 
 so settle down that they could scatter and find places and 
 ways to support themselves. The Board selected these camps 
 as the first field of operations, and to five or six of them sent 
 bands of laborers, each of which consisted of an ordained 
 minister, a male assistant, and four or five female teachers. 
 Goodrich's Landing, in Louisiana, Vicksburg and Davis 
 Bend, in Mississippi, Memphis, Nashville and Knoxville, in 
 Tennessee, were first selected. The means employed were 
 preaching and ordinary religious missionary labors, and day 
 schools and night schools and Sabbath schools. 
 
 These camps were but temporary collections, were con- 
 stantly changing, and finally abolished; so the Board had to 
 change its locations to suit this shifting condition of affairs. 
 As society settled down and became fixed, the operations of 
 the Board became geographically contracted but more per- 
 manent in their character. A number of congregations were 
 regularly organized, most of which still exist, while others 
 have dissolved because of the chang;ing- and transient 
 character of their members. But greater attention has been 
 given to the matter of education, under the conviction that 
 as the United Presbyterian Church has not the means to sup- 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 697 
 
 port a large number of missionaries in this field, it can work 
 more efficaciously by training up well educated teachers and 
 preachers, so that they may bring their advanced thought and 
 culture to bear upon the improvement and elevation of their 
 race. For the accomplishment of this purpose a Normal 
 school was established at Knoxville, Tenn., which has finally 
 grown into a regular college, with a pretty full course in 
 languages and the sciences, and a theological department. 
 The college, with the preparatory department, had 316 names 
 on its roll during the winter of 1886-7, many of whom spend 
 a part of the year in teaching, so that the institution has be- 
 come a positive power in the social and intellectual elevation 
 of the colored race. Thirty were enrolled in the theological 
 class during the winter of 1880-81. Some of these were 
 licensed ministers in the colored churches, who were greatly 
 profited by even a short course of systematic and thorough 
 instruction. 
 
 Missions with large and flourishing schools are also carried 
 on at Chase City and Blue Stone, in Mecklenburgh Co., Va. 
 There is also one in Norfolk, Va., with a large building and 
 some 900 enrolled scholars. 
 
 BOARD OF CHURCH EXTENSION. 
 
 One of the greatest obstacles in the way of establishing new 
 congregations in the newer sections of our country is the dif- 
 ficulty in procuring a comfortable building. The members 
 are few and rarely rich, and can contribute but little to this 
 object, so they must either labor on with the inconvenience 
 and hindrance of having no building, and shift as they can, 
 or provide themselves with a house of worship at the risk of 
 burdening themselves and impeding their progress with a 
 debt. To obviate these embarrassments as much as possible, 
 the General Assembly in 1859 established a Board of Church 
 Extension, which was incorporated in 187 1 by the Legisla- 
 ture of Pennsylvania. According to its constitution "the 
 special objects of this Board shall be to aid mission stations 
 and congregations to obtain suitable houses of worship. It 
 
 44 
 
698 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 shall have power to make appropriations of money, either as 
 donations or as loans for a definite time; to authorize special 
 contributions for particular parts of its work; to hold funds 
 and property absolutely or in trust for congregations; to in- 
 stitute legal proceedings, in behalf of the United Presbyter- 
 ian Church, to prevent the alienation of or to recover funds 
 and property for which contributions have been made by the 
 Board, or by the Church at large, and to do such other things 
 as may be necessary for the accomplishment of its object; but 
 the appropriations of each year shall not exceed the amount 
 authorized by the General Assembly for that year, and only 
 such property shall be held as may be necessary for the legi- 
 timate purposes of the Board, ' ' 
 
 The assistance given is either in the form of a loan for a 
 definite period, with or without interest, or an absolute gift. 
 In either case the appropriation is made upon the application 
 of the Presbytery to which the congregation belongs, and to 
 an amount not exceeding one-third the cost of the house, and 
 to no congregation where the building costs over $20,000. 
 The conditions of all appropriations are, that the property 
 shall be held in fee simple; that a mortgage shall be given 
 for the loan or donation securing the repayment of the money, 
 with interest, in case the congregation shall fail or shall cease 
 to be connected with the United Presbyterian Church, or 
 shall alienate or encumber the property without the consent 
 of the Board, and that ordinarily the appropriation shall leave 
 the property free from debt except to the Board. 
 
 Many congregations have been saved from disbanding and 
 helped to become substantial and efficient societies by the 
 timely aid bestowed by this Board. By making new con- 
 gregations more quickly self-supporting and contributing 
 churches, this Board saves to the home mission funds a larger 
 amount of money every year than is expended in help to 
 build houses. It has already assisted nearly 300 congrega- 
 tions in the erection of church buildins^s. 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 699 
 
 BOARD OF PUBLICATION. 
 
 Believing that it is the duty of the Church to use the press 
 as well as the living preacher to instruct the edify all to whom 
 she has access, the General Assembly in 1859 established a 
 Board of Publication, which, in 1863, was incorporated by 
 the Legislature of Pennsylvania. The object of this Board is 
 two-fold: " First, to purchase or print and circulate the Holy 
 Scriptures, or parts of the Holy Scriptures, in the authorized 
 version, together with the Psalms in metre, according to the 
 version approved by the United Presbyterian Church. Sec- 
 ond, to select and publish such tracts, papers, periodicals and 
 books as shall be a sound and suitable religious literature for 
 Sabbath schools, ministers, congregations and the community 
 at large, and to take such measures as may be necessary for 
 the distribution and circulation of the same." 
 
 It has gradually and steadily increased in the number and 
 range of its publications, until it now issues Bibles and Testa- 
 ments and Psalm-books in various sizes; the Psalter, or 
 Psalms set to music; the Bible Songs, or selections from the 
 Psalms set to music for the Sabbath school; miscellaneous 
 religious books, both original and reprints, and original tracts. 
 It has also become the owner and publisher of the Evangeli- 
 cal Repository^ a monthly magazine of thirty-two pages, for 
 general religious reading; the Bible Teacher^ a Sabbath- 
 school monthly of thirty-two pages, for teachers; the Lesson 
 Quarterly^ of thirty-two pages, for scholars ; the Olive Plants^ 
 an illustrated weekly, for little ones; the Youth'' s Evangelist^ 
 a weekly illustrated paper for children, and the Young Chris- 
 tian^ a semi-monthly paper for advanced scholars. It also 
 publishes monthly lesson papers and illuminated lesson cards 
 for primary classes. The Board is in possession of a large 
 and commodious publication house, situated on Ninth street, 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., and is more than self-sustaining in the com- 
 mercial part of its business, and supplements the charitable 
 contributions of the Church. 
 
700 BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 BOARD OF EDUCATION. 
 
 To encourage pious young men to enter the ministr}^ and 
 to get the benefit of their time in the ministry which would 
 be consumed in efforts to procure the means for their education, 
 the General Assembly in 1859 established a Board of Educa- 
 tion, which was incorporated in 1876 in the State of Illinois. 
 The design of the Board is "to cherish and diffuse an educa- 
 tional spirit throughout the Church, to cooperate with Pres- 
 byteries and Synods and the Assembly in the establishment 
 of institutions of learning, and to assist in the education of 
 pious and promising young men for the ministry." The 
 beneficiary must apply through his Presbytery and get its 
 certificate to the facts that he intends to enter the ministry; 
 that he possesses hopeful piety; that his talents are such as 
 to qualify him for usefulness in the ministry, and that he 
 needs the sum asked. The grant has been reduced so that it 
 must not exceed one hundred dallars per session, and the fol- 
 lowing obligation must be given : "I have received from the 
 Board of Education of the United Presbyterian Church of 
 
 North America dollars ; and I hereby agree that if do 
 
 not in due course of time enter the ministry of the United 
 Presbyterian Church, or do at any time voluntarily abandon 
 the same, the sum above mentioned shall then become due 
 and payment at the pleasure of the Board, with interest at 
 the rate of six per cent, per annum from date. ' ' Users of 
 tobacco receive no aid. 
 
 BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF. 
 
 In 1862 the General Assembly ordered the establishment of 
 a fund for the support of aged and infirm ministers, and in 
 1864 it was extended in its benefactions so as to include indi- 
 gent widows and their families. Its management was placed 
 in the hands of the Board of Trustees of the General Assem- 
 bly. The whole scheme was remodeled in 1873, and changed 
 to a Board of Ministerial Relief, which, in 1875, was incor- 
 porated by the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 The single object of this Board is the relief of disabled and 
 
BOARDS OF THE CHURCH. 70I 
 
 superannuated ministers and the widows and orphans of 
 deceased ministers of the United Presbyterian Church. This 
 relief is granted only to ministers who are in good standing 
 in the United Presbyterian Church, and to the families in said 
 church of ministerswho were in such standing at the time of 
 their decease, and ordinarily relief is not extended to children 
 over sixteen years of age. All applications must be made 
 through the Presbytery in the bounds of which the minister 
 or the family resides. Thus far the Board has been able to 
 give relief to all its applicants, and from special donations to 
 accumulate an endowment fund. 
 
702 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 
 
 Theological Seminaries. 
 
 THE SEMINARY AT XENIA, OHIO. 
 
 THE early fathers of the United Presbyterian Church soon 
 comprehended the needy condition of their wide field of 
 labor, and fully realized the necessity of training up a minis- 
 try at home, and thus supplement what they could get from 
 abroad. As early as 1764 the Associate Pres. of Pennsylvania 
 petitioned the Synod in Scotland to send them some one 
 qualified to teach the "languages and philosophy." While 
 this showed their earnestness, it was not necessary, for their 
 own John Mason had only three years previously been Mon- 
 criefF's assistant in Divinity Hall; but the Synod had no men 
 of age and acknowledged learning to send. Its missionaries 
 were young men whose reputation was yet to be established. 
 Neither were there any actual students to call for such a 
 teacher. The first student for the ministry was David Annan, 
 and he was graduated at Queen's College, New Brunswick, 
 N. J., and studied theology with his brother Robert. The 
 next was William Morrison, who finished his classical course 
 under private teachers after the breaking out of the revolu- 
 tionary war had closed Princeton College. He, too, studied 
 theology with Dr. Robert Annan, and both these young men 
 were licensed by the Associate Pres. of New York. 
 
 The demand soon produced a supply, and classical schools 
 sprung up in many localities and a few colleges were already 
 established. The most urgent necessity was provision for 
 theological training, and as Dr. Annan had attended to this 
 in the Pres. of New York, the Pres. of Pennsylvania in 
 1778 appointed the Rev. John Smith, of Octoraro, Lancaster 
 Co., "to direct the studies of such young men as were pre- 
 paring to pursue their studies with a view to the holy minis- 
 try. " But he passed into the Associate Reformed Church at 
 the union of 1782, and the residuary Presbytery was so re- 
 
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 703 
 
 diiced by that event that there was no felt necessity for any 
 theological instructor for a number of years. 
 
 On the 2ist of Ap., 1794, the Associate Presbytery of Penn- 
 sylvania elected the Rev. John Anderson as its teacher in 
 divinity. He was then, and had been for two years, pastor 
 of the congregations of Mill Creek and Harmon's Creek in 
 Beaver Co., Pa., with the option of locating the seminary to 
 suit his convenience. He selected Service, and a two-story 
 log-building was erected near his house for the accommoda- 
 tion of the students, and about eight hundred valuable books 
 were collected as the foundation of a library. The most of 
 of these were donated by Associate brethren in Scotland. 
 The course extended over four years, with one term during 
 the winter season. The number of students present varied 
 from five to ten. The Professor's chief employment was the 
 reading of lectures founded upon Marck's Af<?<a'«//a Theologies. 
 These he expanded at every repetition, until they became so 
 voluminous that he was not able to finish them during the 
 four years of his last class, although he read for four hours on 
 each of four days of every week of the four sessions. Some 
 Hebrew and New Testament exegesis were taught, but nothing 
 on Biblical Literature or Ecclesiastical History. Didactic and 
 Polemic Theology constituted in reality the course of study. 
 
 In 1818 Dr Anderson resigned because of the infirmities of 
 age, and in 1819 the Synod, to save the traveling expenses of 
 the students, resolved to divide the seminary into an eastern 
 and a western hall. In 1820 Dr. J, Banks was chosen Professor 
 of the Eastern Hall, and Philadelphia, where he resided, was 
 made its location. In 182 1 Canonsburg was selected as the 
 side of the Western Hall, and Dr. J. Ramsay as its professor. 
 In 1826 Dr. Banks died, and the Synod united the seminaries 
 into one, under Dr. Ramsay, at Canonsburg. A professor- 
 ship of Biblical Literature and Church History was instituted 
 in 1833, and the Rev. D. Carson elected to fill the chair. 
 He resigned his charge in Tennessee in the spring of 1834, 
 and moved his family to Canonsburg, but before the opening 
 of the next session he died. In 1835 the Rev, Dr. T. Bev- 
 eridge was chosen as Mr. Carson's successor. In 184 1 Dr. 
 Ramsay resigned, and Dr. J. Martin of Albany, N. Y., was 
 
704 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 
 
 made his successor the following year. He died in 1846, and 
 in 1847 ^^- ^- Anderson was chosen to the chair in theology. 
 When he died, in 1855, Dr. S. Wilson, of Xenia, was elected 
 his successor, and in the autumn of that year the seminary 
 was removed to Xenia, Ohio. 
 
 In 1858 Dr. J. Clokey, of Springfield, O., was chosen Prof, 
 of Pastoral Theology, and in 1871 Dr. Beveridge resigned. 
 In 1872 Dr. W. Bruce of Baltimore was elected as a pro- 
 fessor, and in 1873 Drs. J. G. Carson, J. B. McMichael and 
 W. G. Moorhead were added, and Dr. Wilson was made 
 emeritus Professor. Dr. Clokey resigned in 1874, and Dr. 
 McMichael in 1878, and was succeeded by Dr. J. Harper. In 
 1874 the Seminary of the Northwest, at Monmouth, 111., was 
 consolidated with this one at Xenia. The seminary is partly 
 endowed, has a fair library and a large oomfortable building, 
 which contains lecture rooms for the professors and dormi- 
 tories for the students. 
 
 PROFESSORS. 
 Elected. 
 
 1794. John Anderson, D. D. . . Resigned, 1818. 
 
 1820. John Banks, D. D Died April 10, 1826. 
 
 1821. James Ramsay, D, D. . . . Resigned, 1841. 
 
 1833. David Carson Died September 25, 1834. 
 
 1835. Thomas Beveridge, D. D . Resigned, 1871. 
 1841. James Martin, D. D. . . . Died June 15, 1846. 
 1847. Abraham Anderson, D. D. Died May 9, 1855. 
 1855. Samuel Wilson, D. D. . . Retired emeritus, 1873. 
 1858. Joseph Clokey, D. D. . . . Resigned, 1874. 
 
 1872. William Bruce, D. D. . . Died November 10, 1880. 
 
 1873. Jackson B.M' Michael, D.D. Resigned, 1878. 
 
 1873. James Gillespie Carson, D. D. , 
 
 professor of homiletics and pastoral theology. 
 1873. William Gallogly Moorhead, D. D., 
 
 professor of biblical literature. 
 1879. James Harper, D. D., LL. D., 
 
 president and professor of theology and HEBREW. 
 
 1885. David MacDill, D. D., 
 professor of apologetics and ecclesiastical history 
 and government. 
 
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 705 
 
 THE SEMINARY AT NEWBURGH. 
 
 The Rev. John Smith, of Octoraro, Lancaster Co., Pa., 
 was appointed by the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania 
 to direct the studies of young men studying for the ministry. 
 This he continued to do for eight or ten years after the organ- 
 ization of the Associate Reformed Church. The Rev. Alex. 
 Dobbin, of Gettysburg, was also designated as a suitable 
 teacher in languages and theology. He established the first 
 classical school west of the Susquehanna river, and was espe- 
 cially distinguished for his knowledge of Hebrew. Quite a 
 number of Presbyterian ministers, as well as Asso. Ref. , pur- 
 sued their studies with him. The Rev. John Jamieson, of 
 Westmoreland Co., was also appointed to take charge of 
 western students. These, however, were expedients to meet 
 emergencies, and did not give complete satisfaction. It was 
 felt that the rapid improvement in society called for some- 
 thing better. Hence, in 1796, the Asso. Ref. Synod passed 
 an "Act concerning a Synodical Fund." One of the objects 
 of this fund, the act declares, was "assisting pious youth, 
 who, from poverty, cannot comfortably and successfully pursue 
 their studies; and the establishment of a Professorship of 
 Theology for the instruction of such as design the holy min- 
 istry. These are objects which the Synod has deeply at heart, 
 and which are closely connected with the credit of religion 
 and the prosperity of truth." 
 
 In the colonial period the entire supply of ministers had 
 been drawn from Scotland and Ireland, but after the estab- 
 lishment of Independence the supply cased to a great extent, 
 for the Asso. Ref. Church was regarded as an American 
 church, and was not looked upon kindly by its former Anti- 
 burgher brethren, and none but Burghers now came to its 
 fold. Vacancies were increasing altogether too rapidly for 
 the few ministers they were able to train up in their irregular 
 method. So in 1801 the Synod concluded that something 
 positive and effectual must be done, and resolved to send a 
 minister to Great Britain, as a Synodic agent, to procure a 
 number of ministers, and more especially to solicit donations 
 of money and books for the erection of a Theological Semi- 
 
7o6 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 
 
 nary with a suitable library. The Rev. John M. Mason was 
 chosen by ballot to go on this important mission. He sailed 
 in July, 1801, and returned in Sept., 1802. He collected 
 about $5,CKDO, the most of which he expended for books to be 
 placed in the Seminary library. The Rev. Messrs. Calder- 
 head, Scrimgeour, Easton, Forrest, Laurie and Bishop, of 
 the Burgher Church of Scotland, also returned with him. 
 The first meeting of the General Synod, held at Greencastle, 
 Pa., in 1804, elected Dr. John M. Mason the first Professor, 
 and in 1805 a constitution and course of study were adopted, 
 in which it is provided that "the Scriptures themselves shall 
 be the great subject of study," and that "the period of study 
 shall be four years, and the session shall continue for seven 
 months successively. ' ' 
 
 On the first Monday of Nov., 1805, the Seminary opened 
 in the city of New York with eight students. Two of these 
 were from New York, two from Kentucky, and four from 
 Pennsylvania. In 1809 the Rev. James M. Matthews was 
 elected Professor of Biblical Literature and Church History, 
 and so continued until 1818. In 1820 Dr. Alex. Proudfit 
 was chosen Assistant Professor, but retained the position only 
 a year. Because of broken health Dr. Mason resigned in 
 182 1, and the Seminary was suspended. Ninety-six young 
 men pursued their theological studies in whole or in part in 
 the Seminary during the sixteen years it was under Dr. 
 Mason's control. 
 
 In the plan of union with the Presbyterian Church in 1822 
 it was stipulated that "the Theological Seminary at Prince- 
 ton, under the care of the General Assembly, and the Theo- 
 logical Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church should 
 be consolidated, and that the Theological Library and funds 
 belonging to the Associate Reformed Church shall be trans- 
 ferred and belong to the Seminary at Princeton." The 
 Synod of New York did not recognize the validity of this 
 union, and continued its organization as a supreme judicatory, 
 and in 1829 resuscitated the Seminary at Newburgh, N. Y., 
 with the Rev. Joseph McCarrell as Professor. It opened on 
 the first Monday of Oct., 1829, with three students. Applica- 
 tion was made in 1831 and 1832 to the General Assembly for 
 
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 707 
 
 the restoration of the library and funds transferred to Prince- 
 ton in 1822, but without success. Suit was then commenced 
 in the Court of Chancery of the State of New Jersey, and in 
 1837 the Chancellor decided in the Synod's favor, and the 
 trustees at Princeton returned about 2,500 volumes of books 
 and $2,000 of money, all of which was removed to Newburgh. 
 To render the Seminary more permanent and useful, a large 
 stone edifice was commenced in 1837 and finished in 1839" 
 It is situated on a hill, and is surrounded by ample grounds, 
 and occupies one of the most beautiful and commanding po- 
 sitions on the banks of the Hudson. 
 
 The Rev. J. Forsyth, D. D., was Professor of Biblical 
 Literature and Church History from 1837 to 1842, and again 
 from 1852 to 1858. The Rev. D. L. Proudfit was Professor 
 of the Oriental Languages from 1838 to 1840. In 1858 the 
 operations of the Seminary were suspended, and as it was in 
 the hands of the residuary party that would not go into the 
 union of 1858, suit for its possession was entered in the Su- 
 preme Court of the State of New York, and in 1861 Judge 
 Emott decided that the union had not destroyed the identity 
 and integrity of the Associate Reformed Synod, and remanded 
 the property accordingly. In 1865 the Synod resolved to open 
 the Seminary, and on the first Tuesday of Oct., 1867, opera- 
 tions were commenced, with the Rev. Dr. J. B. Dales, of 
 Philadelphia, and the Rev. Dr. J. Harper, of New York, as 
 the Professors, and nine students in attendance during the 
 session. Dr. R. Stewart was elected in 1873 and Dr. Dales 
 resigned in 1876. The operations of the Seminary were again 
 suspended in 1878 for lack of funds. Over sixty young men 
 enjoyed the benefit of its instruction during these eleven years, 
 as seventy-two had done under Dr. McCarrell. 
 
 PROFESSORS. 
 
 Entered. 
 
 1805. John M. Mason, D. D., Resigned, 182 1. 
 
 1809. James M. Matthews, D. D., . . . . Resigned, 1818. 
 
 1820. Alexander Proudfit, D. D., . . . Resigned, 1821. 
 
 1829. Joseph McCarrell, D. D., .... Resigned, 1858. 
 
 1837. John Forsyth, D. D., Resigned, 1842. 
 
 1838. David L. Proudfit, D. D., .... Resigned, 1840. 
 
708 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 
 
 1852. John Forsyth, D. D., Resigned, 1858. 
 
 1867. John B. Dales, D. D., Resigned, 1876. 
 
 1867. James Harper, D. D., Resigned, 1878. 
 
 1873. Robert Stewart, D. D., Resigned, 1878. 
 
 ALLEGHENY SEMINARY. 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synod of the West resolved, in 
 May, 1825, to establish a Theological Seminary in Pittsburgh, 
 Pa., and unanimously elected the Rev. Dr. J. Kerr, of St. 
 Clair, Allegheny Co., Pa., as its Professor, and the congrega- 
 tion in that city being vacant. Dr. Kerr was chosen by it as 
 pastor. He accepted both, and opened the Seminary in the 
 following Dec. with three students. The enterprise gave 
 every indication of decided success, when, on the 15th of 
 Nov., 1829, Dr. Kerr suddenly died. The Rev. Mungo Dick, 
 of Westmoreland Co., was appointed by the Monongahela 
 Pres. to fill the office until more permanent arrangements 
 could be made. In Oct., 1830, the Synod elected the Rev. 
 Alex. Sharp, of Newville, Pa., but he declined to accept, and 
 Mr. Dick was continued for the time. On the 19th of Oct., 
 1831, the Rev. J. T. Pressly, pastor of Cedar Spring, S. C, 
 and Professor of Theology for the Asso. Ref Synod of the 
 South, was unanimously elected, and in the early part of the 
 following Jan. entered upon the duties of the office. Dur- 
 ing the same year he accepted the pastorate of a new congre- 
 gation in Allegheny City, and the Seminary was removed to 
 his church. 
 
 In 1835 the Rev. M. Kerr, son of the first Professor, was 
 elected to the chair of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, but 
 his feeble health allowed him to remain only for a single 
 year. This chair remained vacant until 1843, when Dr. J. 
 L. Dinwiddie was elected, but his promising career of useful- 
 ness was suddenly cut short in Feb., 1846, by partial paraly- 
 sis of the brain, from which he never wholly recovered. In 
 1847 the Rev. A. D. Clark, President of Franklin College, 
 O., was elected, and in 1851 the Rev. D. R. Kerr was added 
 in the department of Church History and Government. On 
 the 13th of Aug., 1870, Dr. Pressly died, and on the 25th of 
 
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 709 
 
 the following Oct. Dr. J. T. Cooper was chosen his successor, 
 and on the 7th of Dec, 1875, the Rev. Dr. A. Young was 
 elected to the chair of Pastoral Theology and Apologetics. 
 
 The course of study covers three annual sessions of seven 
 months each, and contemplates five professorships. The first, 
 Professor Kerr, gave nearly all of his salary to found a young 
 men's fund in connection with the Seminary. This has been 
 increased and has been very useful, as students in needy cir- 
 cumstances could borrow from it for five years without inter- 
 est. They thus received the needful help, and as it was only 
 a friendly loan they preserved the independence of their man- 
 hood. From the proceeds of a generous bequest by Thomas 
 Hanna, an elder in the First Ch., Allegheny, a large and con. 
 venient building has been erected, containing recitation and 
 lecture rooms, a chapel and a library and a reading room, 
 twenty-two suites of rooms for resident students with accommo- 
 dations for two students each, with bath room, gymnasium, 
 dining room, &c. The library is fair in size and character, 
 and the institution is partly endowed. Nearly seven hundred 
 young men have martriculated as students. 
 
 PROFESSORS. 
 Entered. 
 
 1825. Joseph Kerr, D. D., Died Nov. 15, 1829 
 
 1829. MuNGO Dick, Temporary Professor, 1831. 
 
 1831. John Taylor Pressly, D. D., Died Aug. 13, 1870. 
 
 1835. Moses Kerr, Resigned, 1836. 
 
 1843. James lyEMONTE DiNWiDDiE, D. D., Disabled, 1846. 
 
 1847. Alexander D. Clark, D. D., Died Ap. 12, 1884. 
 
 1870. Joseph Tate Cooper, D. D., LL. D., Died Aug. 22, 
 
 1886. 
 1851. David Reynolds Kerr, D. D., LL. D., Died Oct. 14, 
 
 1887. 
 1875. Alexander Young, D. D., hh. D., 
 
 Professor of Pastoral Theology and Apologetics. 
 
 1885. David A. McClenahan, A. M., 
 
 Professor of Old Testament Literature and Criticism. 
 
 1886. James A. Grier, D. D., 
 
 Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology. 
 1886. John McNaugher, A. M., 
 Professor of New Testament Literature and Criticism. 
 
7IO THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 
 
 THE SEMINARY AT OXFORD AND MONMOUTH. 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synod of the West, at its meeting 
 in Chillicothe, O., in Oct., 1837, resolved to move its Theo- 
 logical Seminary from Pittsburgh to Oxford, O., and ap- 
 pointed a committee to procure a charter from the State of 
 Ohio and make provision for the reception of the Seminary 
 after its next session. A charter was procured, dated Jan., 
 16, 1838; an acre of ground was purchased in Oxford, and in 
 connection with the congregation there a building was erected 
 of sufficient capacity to accommodate both. This action was 
 not kindly received by the eastern part of the church, and at 
 the next meeting of the Synod the order to transfer was re- 
 voked, and the question of the permanent location of the 
 Seminary was transmitted to the church by overture. The 
 propriety of dividing the Synod into two coordinate Synods 
 was overtured at the same time. In answer to these over- 
 tures the Synod at its meeting in Chillicothe in 1839 adopted 
 a plan for dividing into two sub-Synods subordinate to a 
 delegated General Synod, and also determined to retain the 
 Seminary in Allegheny, and also forthwith open another Semi- 
 nary in Oxford, O. , and that each Synod have control of the 
 Seminary within its boimdary, and that the movable pro- 
 perty of the Seminary now existing be divided equally be- 
 tween the two. In the division of property, however, the 
 Seminary building at Oxford, which had been built with 
 funds gathered from the whole church, was ofFsetted against 
 the library at Allegheny, so that no books were transferred. 
 
 The Rev. J. Claybaugh, of Chillicothe, O., was unani- 
 mously chosen Professor, and Professor S. W. McCracken, of 
 Oxford, was appointed teacher of Hebrew. The session was 
 opened in the late autumn of 1839 with a very encouraging 
 number of students. Mr. McCracken resigned his position 
 during the next summer, and Dr. Claybaugh remained alone 
 until his death, which occurred on the 9th of Sept., 1855. 
 The Board of Superintendents provided for the approaching 
 session by the temporary appointment of the Rev. A. Aten 
 as Prof, of Theology, the Rev. W. Davidson as Prof, of 
 Ecclesiastical History, the Rev. J. Y. Scouller as Prof, of 
 
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 7 II 
 
 Greek, and the Rev. J. H. Buchanan as Prof, of Hebrew. In 
 1856 the Rev. A. Young, of St. Clairsville, O., was chosen as 
 Dr. Claybangh's successor. 
 
 In anticipation of the union of 1858, which would give to 
 the church four Theological Seminaries east of the State of 
 Indiana, and none west, it was directed by the Second Synod 
 of the West, at its meeting in Oct. 1857, to remove the Sem- 
 inary during the next year to Monmouth, Illinois. And here 
 it opened about the ist of Sept., 1858, under the care of Dr. 
 A. Young and Dr. J. Scott, and so remained, with some 
 assistance from Dr. A. M. Black, until 1874, when it was 
 transferred to Xenia, and consolidated with the Seminary 
 there. One hundred and four young men studied in its 
 classes while at Oxford and Monmouth. 
 
 PROFESSORS. 
 Entered. 
 
 1839. Joseph Claybaugh, D. D. ... Died Sept. 9, 1855. 
 
 1839. Samuel W. McCracken Resigned, 1840. 
 
 1855. Adrian Aten Temporary, 1856. 
 
 1855. WiiLLiAM Davidson, D. D. . . . Temporary, 1857. 
 1855. John Young Scouller, D. D . . Temporary, 1856. 
 
 1855. J- Hervey Buchanan Temporary, 1856. 
 
 1856. Alexander Young, D. D., LL.D. Resigned, 1874. 
 
 1858. John Scott, D. D Resigned, 1874. 
 
 1864. Andrew M. Black, D. D. ... Resigned, 1872. 
 
712 COI.LEGES. 
 
 Colleges. 
 
 IN the early history of our church, after she began to edu- 
 cate her ministers at home, instead of importing them from 
 Scotland, her students received their literary training gener- 
 ally in the nearest or most convenient college. First among 
 these, and mainly for a time, was Dickinson College at Car- 
 lisle, Pa. ; then Columbia College in New York city, and the 
 University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, and Union Col- 
 lege at Schenectady, N. Y., and Transylvania University at 
 Lexington, Ky. When the church began to increase rapidly 
 in the West, Jefferson College, at Canonsburg, Pa., and Miami 
 University, at Oxford, O., and the Western University, at 
 Pittsburg, Pa., were principally utilized, and Franklin Col- 
 lege at New Athens, O., also contributed largely. Twenty- 
 five or thirty years ago the different religious denominations in 
 our country began to realize the importance of training their 
 young men during their entire course of study in institutions 
 under their own control, and this gave rise to denominational 
 colleges. The United Presbyterian Church has encouraged 
 this movement, and while alumni from many institutions are 
 entering the ministry, yet the greater portion of her junior 
 ministers have been educated at her own colleges, or those so 
 much under her influence as to be practically such, namely: 
 Franklin, Muskingum, Westminster and Monmouth. 
 
 FRANKLIN COLLEGE. 
 
 The Rev. John Walker, who was installed in the spring ot 
 1815 as pastor of the Associate congregations of Unity, Mt. 
 Pleasant and Cadiz, O. , was very anxious to establish a clas- 
 sical school in Harrison Co., but could find no village willing 
 to take hold of the matter. Being a man of great enthusiasm 
 and energy of character, he interested a neighbor whose farm 
 
COLLEGES. 713 
 
 was contiguoiis to his own, and they laid out a town upon the 
 adjacent parts of their farms, called it New Athens, estab- 
 lished a classical school, and employed the late Dr. Thomas 
 Beveridge, then a stndent of theology, as teacher. The 
 enterprise proved to be such a success that Mr. Walker rested 
 not until he procured a charter for a college, and in; 1825 his 
 academy opened as Franklin College. 
 
 This institution is not, and never has been, strictly speak- 
 ing, denominational, but it has been mainly under the control 
 and patronage of the Associate, the Associate Reformed and 
 United Presbyterian Churches, and up to 1880 had educated 
 more of their ministers than any other single college, and 
 about three-fourths of its alumni have entered the ministry 
 of the various Presbyterian churches. It has graduated 
 nearly 400 students, possesses good buildings, but is not en- 
 dowed. The Rev. W. A. Williams is President. 
 
 MUSKINGUM COLLEGE. 
 
 Soon after the settlement of the late Benjamin Waddle, D. 
 D., at New Concord, Muskingum Co., O., he called a meet- 
 ing of the leading citizens of the neighborhood and unfolded 
 to them the privileges and the benefits that would flow from 
 the existence of a literary institution of high grade in their 
 midst, and urged that in that section of Ohio there was room 
 for a college. The result was a petition to the Legislature of 
 Ohio for a charter, and in Mar., 1857, Muskingum College 
 was incorporated, classes were formed in the following Oc- 
 tober, and a class was graduated in 1839. 
 
 This college was not professedly denominational, for in its 
 first board of trustees there were four of the Associate Church, 
 four of the Associate Reformed, four of the Presbyterian (O. 
 S.), and three of the Covenanter (O. S.) But the largest 
 patronage coming from the United Presbyterian Church, it 
 was put under the control of the United Presbyterian Pres- 
 byteries of Mansfield and Muskingum in 1877, and they trans- 
 ferred it in 1884 to the United Presbyterian Synod of Ohio. 
 Five-eighths of the male graduates have entered the Christian 
 ministry, and largely that of the United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 45 
 
714 COLLEGES. 
 
 It is not endowed, bnt its nnmber of students is increasing 
 and its prospects are very encouraging. The present Presi- 
 dent is the Rev. J. D. Irons. 
 
 WESTMINSTER COLLEGE. 
 
 The Rev. George C. Vincent, D. D., conducted a Classical 
 Academy for several years in Mercer, Pa., and then trans- 
 ferred it to New Wilmington, Lawrence Co., Pa., where it 
 was, on the 21st of Jan., 1852, by the joint resolution of the 
 Associate Presbyteries of Shenango and Ohio, converted into 
 a college, and in the following Mar. was incorporated by the 
 Legislature of Pennsylvania as Westmijister College^ and 
 graduated its first class in 1854. It has been prosperous 
 through its whole career, and a very large proportion of its 
 graduates have entered the Christian ministry. It is thor- 
 oughly denominational but, in no sense of the word sectarian. 
 It is partly endowed, and has for its President the Rev. Robert 
 Gracey Ferguson, D. D. 
 
 MONMOUTH COLLEGE. 
 
 In the spring of 1853 the Second Asso. Ref. Pres. of Illinois 
 resolved to establish an ' ' Academy or High School ' ' in Mon- 
 mouth, Warren Co., 111. Said academy was opened on the 
 first Monday of November following, under the supervision 
 of the Rev. James R. Brown. In 1855 the Presbytery made 
 a tender of their academy to the Asso. Ref. Synod of Illinois, 
 upon the condition that it should be raised to a college. The 
 Synod accepted the offer, organized a faculty, and Monmouth 
 College was opened, under favorable auspices, on the first 
 Monday of Sept., 1856, under the presidency of the Rev. 
 David A. Wallace. The institution is denominational, but 
 free from all sectariansism. It is well housed and partly en- 
 dowed, and has graduated over seven hundred of its students, 
 more than one-third of whom have entered the Christian 
 ministry. The Rev. Jackson Burgess McMichael, D. D., is 
 President. Westminster and Monmouth have always ad- 
 mitted females to equal privileges with males, and have 
 
COLLEGES. 
 
 715 
 
 graduated many of thciii. Franklin and Muskingum have 
 done the same in later days. 
 
 Madison College, at Antrim, O., and Washington, at Wash- 
 ington, la., and Lincoln, at Greenwood, Mo., succeeded for a 
 time, and then passed away; but others sprang up and are 
 doing a good work— Amity at College Springs, la., and 
 Tarkio at Tarkio, Mo., and Cooper Memorial, which is start- 
 ing up with very fair prospects at Sterling, Kan. 
 
7l6 PERIODICALS. 
 
 Periodicals. 
 
 THE EVANGELICAL REPOSITORY. 
 
 THE late Rev. Chauncy Webster, when a printer in Alban y 
 N. Y., and a member of the Associate Church, estab- 
 lished in 1824 a monthly magazine, entitled the "Religious 
 Monitor, or Evangelical Repository." It was edited by Dr. 
 Peter Bullions and Dr. James Martin, and after Mr. Webster 
 became a pastor in Philadelphia he conducted it himself until 
 1842, when it became the property of William vS. Young, who 
 shortened the title to the Evangelical Repository^ and had it 
 edited by Dr. Joseph T. Cooper and the Rev. Thomas H. 
 Beveridge and Dr. William W. Barr. The Rev. Dr. Robert 
 Stewart became its next owner and editor for a season, and 
 then sold it to the Board of Publication of the L'^'nited Presby- 
 terian Church, located in Pittsburgh, Pa., by which it is now 
 published. 
 
 THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 This paper was first issued as a semi-monthly on the 26th 
 of Oct., 1842, in the city of Allegheny, Pa., by Dr. J. T. 
 Pressly, as owner and editor, under the title of The Preacher. 
 In 1845 it passed into the hands of Dr. D. R. Kerr, who 
 transferred it to Pittsburgh, and continued it as a semi- 
 monthly until the autumn of 1848, when he changed it into 
 a weekly. In 1854 the United Presbyterian and Evangelical 
 Guardian^ a monthly magazine, published in Cincinnati, O., 
 by the Rev. J. Prestley, was consolidated with it, and the 
 name changed to the United Presbyierian. The Presbyterian 
 Witness^ established by Rev. R. H. Pollock and others in 
 Cincinnati in Jan., 1852, was consolidated with the United 
 Presbyterian after the union of 1858. The Westminster 
 
PKRIODICALS. 
 
 717 
 
 Herald, established in Jan., 1855, ^t New Wilminji^rton, Pa., 
 by Dr. G. C. Vincent, as a continnation of the I-yicnd of Mis- 
 sions, by the Rev. Joseph Banks, was also after the union 
 consolidated with the United /Wsbyferian. 
 
 THE CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR. 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synod of New York, at its meet- 
 ing in June, 1844, ordered the establishment of a mouthl\- 
 magazine for circulation among its families, and 77ic Christian 
 Instructor appeared in September following, printed at New- 
 burgh, N. Y., by the Rev. D. L. Proudfit, and edited by the 
 Rev. Dr. J. Forsyth. In Oct., 1846, the Rev. J. B. Dales 
 became owner and editor, and transferred the office of publi- 
 cation to Philadelphia, Pa. On the first of July, 1859, it was 
 changed to a weekl>- paper. The United Presbyterian of the 
 J J est was established Jan., 1857, by the Asso. Ref. Synod of 
 Illinois, at Monmouth, 111., with Dr. D. McDill as editor. In 
 the spring of 1862 this was transferred to Philadelphia and 
 consolidated with The Christian Instructor. In Jan., 1879, 
 The Instructor was transferred to Chicago, 111,, and issued 
 by the Rev. Messrs. A. G. McCoy and A. T. McDill. In 
 April, 1882, Rev. Dr. D. W. Collins bought out :\Ir. .AlcCoy, 
 and returned the paper to Philadelphia. 
 
7l8 INDEX. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Preface 3 
 
 History of the United Presbyterian Church 5 
 
 Reformed Presbyterian 5 
 
 Associate Presbyterian 14 
 
 Associate Reformed 37 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synod of New York 59 
 
 The Associate Reformed Synod of the West 70 
 
 The United Presbyterian Church 80 
 
 Historical Record of Presbyteries and Synods 94 
 
 Associate 95 
 
 Reformed 102 
 
 Associate Reformed 103 
 
 United Prebyterian .... • 119 
 
 Historical Register of Existing Congregations 145 
 
 The Ministry 195 
 
 Officers of the General Assembly 662 
 
 The Boards of the Church 663 
 
 Home Missions 663 
 
 Foreign Missions 664 
 
 Freedmen's Missions 695 
 
 Church Extension 697 
 
 Publication 699 
 
 Education 700 
 
 Ministerial Relief 700 
 
 Theological Seminaries 702 
 
 At Xenia 702 
 
 At Newburgh 705 
 
 At Allegheny . ' 708 
 
 At Oxford and Monmouth 710 
 
 Colleges 712 
 
 Franklin 712 
 
 Muskingum 713 
 
 Westminster 714 
 
 Monmouth 714 
 
 Periodicals 716 
 
 The Evangelical Repository 716 
 
 The United Presbyterian 716 
 
 The Christian Instructor 717 
 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 
 
 0035520191 
 
 l\ 
 
 i*J*J- 
 
 2 
 
 BRITTLE 58 IT 
 fHOTOCOPY