AHGLI3 NOTITIA: OR, THE ENGLAND C 0 M P L E A T. Together with Divers REFLECTIONS UPON The Ancient State thereof. By EDW. CHAMBERLATNB Doftor of Laws. The Seventeenth Edition, with Additions, and Altera rions, according to the prefent Eliablifhment under Their Majcfties, King WILLIAM and Queen MART. I ImJw, Printed by T. ffrt&n, for R Sex, .andIf. S.w bridge in Uttk-Kiuh, R- Chijm-’J in it. Paafs Church-Yatd •, and arc to be loid by them and by j Mil. GiBlliw fl'tn IVejhikJhr-Hrt , J.itr.cs P.i:tiidgi near C/wri«g-rro/>, and S- Smith in Sc, Parts Umrcli- Yard. MDCXCII. j I TO THEIR i Mofl: Excellent Majefties WILLIAM III. AND MARY II. O F Great Britain, France, and Ireland, CING and QUEEN,, )efenders of the Truly Ancient, Ca- tholick, and Apoftolick Faith,. %is Seventeenth Impretfion of THE present state of eng- LAND, is mofl Humbly Offered,, ■By Edw. Chamberlayne,. Doctor of Laws. A 3 TO T H F READER. I N’ this fnutli Treatife, the Rea¬ der may not (Reafonably expeEl to have his Fancy much delight¬ ed, (Ornari res'ipfa negac, con- tenta doceri,) but only to have hvs Undemanding informed $ and there¬ fore the Author hath indujlrioufly a- Voided all curious Flowers of Rhe- torick, and made it his whole $uji- nejs to feed his (Reader with abundant Variety of Excellent Fruits. Here are interfterfed fome Ob- ferVations, which, though already Known to many Englishmen, yet may be unknown to moji Strangers A 4 and ■ To the Reader. and Foreigners, for the Informat i. on of whom, this Book is feconda- rily intended ;' and for that' end is lately Tranflated into the French Tongue, and printed at Amfter- dam, and at Paris ; whereby may be extinguiped in jome meajure, the Thirft, which Foreigners ge¬ nerally have to know the Prefent State of this conftderabk Monar¬ chy. Although the main Aim is to in¬ form the World of the Prefent State of this Kingdom yet divers (Rgfieltions are made upon the Pall State thereof ■ that fo by compa¬ ring that with the Prefent, fome worthy ferjons may thereby not on¬ ly be moved to endeavour the Re- ilauradon of what was heretofore better , and the Abolition of what To the Reader. is now woirfe - } but alfo may aim of' fore fee, without conjulting our A- ftrologers, Apocalyptick Men,* . what will he the future State of this Nation : According . to th'at excel¬ lent Saying, Qui refpicit pmeri--, ta, & infpicit prxfentia :: ,’ l 'profp?-- cit etiam & futura; ' ’A;' r ^o6d' Hijlorian by running’ HSck' 1 ’te* • Ages paft, and by ftanding ftill, 1 and viewing the prefent times,, and comparing the '.one with''the. other, may then 1 run. forward, and give a Verdift of the State, almoft Prophetick. In the many Reflections uporri the Ancient State of- England, fre¬ quent ufe is made of divers grave. Authors, as of Glanvile, Bra&onj Britton, of Horn in his Mirror of Juftice, Fieta, Fortefcue,. Lin-. A ) wood, ; To the Reader. wood, Stamford, Smith, Co- fitis, Cambden, Cook, Spel- man, Selden, &c. And for the Prefent State, Confuhation was had.,with feveral Men of all Fa* culties. and fProfefions , and fome Very., eminently Learned ferfonages jet ijfing j to the end that the (Rea¬ der Ynight receive , at leaf , fome fa- tisfattion in every particular , with¬ out .the 'trouble and Charges of a great Library. Jnd as the Au¬ thor. doth fometimes ufe the Words of the Living , and the Writings of the Dead, feldom quoting any to avoid Oftenftation } fo he hopes tfax this ingenuous Confeffion be¬ ing made at firfl , no Man will be*, offended, though he give notice hit rarely when the Obfervation is theirs , and when it is his own , having taken fqecial care } that both in To the Reader, in theirs, and in his own, there pould ' he nothing hut the Truth: And although the (Reader not perceiving every where , hy what Authority, divers things are aver¬ red, may he apt to JufpeU , that fome things are gratis dida, yet if it pall pleaje him to make Search, he will find, that generally they are vere & cum authorita- tedida. However , in a Subject fo Mul¬ tiform as this, where fo many Marks are aimed at, no wonder if in fome, the Author hath not hit the White j hut wherefoever it hath appeared to him to have been' miffed in the former bn- preffion, it is in this duly corre¬ cted. Brevity, and a Laconick Stile, is aimed at all along, that fo there might To the Reader. might be Magnum in Parro, that this Treatife might be Mo¬ le minimus, though Re magnus, that the Me State of England might be fem at once, ’Hi CV TVTTto or, as in a Map; that as it will be an iifeful Book for all, English¬ men^ all times jo every one might , without trouble , always carry it a- bout with hint , . as a Companion , to confult upon all Occasions. T H E THE TABLE A, A! r jitire, Arms of England, Admiral, Accompting-Houfe , Accary, Almonry, Affijlant of Ceremonies, Apothecaries, Attorney-General, Arcbl/ifhops, Archdeacon, B Buildings, Board of Green-Cloth, Bake-houfe, Buttery , 3 . 43 53 *95 117 «9 121 U 9 *34 148 187 188 The Table. Bread-harm, 112 Band of Tenfoners, i ?7 Bijhops, Bifops Suffragans, 187 ibid Bounty of the Clergy, 210 Baron, 1x8 c Children, 271 Climate of England, 1 Commodities, 5 Common Law, 17 Civil Law, 8 Canon Law, 19 Computation, '45 Creation of Lord High Chancellor, 101 Hts dignity, Office, Oath, 100 Salary, Creation, loi Chamberlain, 113 Confiable t 104 ”5 Comptroller, Cofferers, ibid. Clerk of the Green-Cloth, ibid. Cellar, 117 Chandlery, 118 ConfeBionary, ibid. Cartakers, hi Cock and Cryer, ibid. Cup-bearers, 123 Carvers, ibid. Chirurgeons, 134 Clerks of the Work,' 13J Committees of Council, . ‘44 Clerks The Tabic. clerks of tie Council, Clerks of the Signet, Clerks of the Privy-Seal, Courts of Judicature, Council at Law, Civilians, Clerks of the Prerogative, Clerks of the Queen's Chanel, Chaplains in Ordinary to the Queen Chappel at St. James’/, Clergy their Dignity, Their Names, Their Degrees, Their Priviledges, Catalogue of Bijhops, Catalogue of the Deans, Catalogue of the Peers, Commons of England, Catalogue of Baronets, D Dimtnfions, Diviftons, - Dyet, Dominions of the Kings ^/England, Divinity of them, Doctors of Law, Duke of Gloucefter’/ Servants, Dean, Duke, ibid. ibid. j 45 141$ 148 149 152 172 J 7? J 75 m ibid, ibid. 189 213 214 227 237 *39 ibid. 40 55 7 i 150 i8j ll l 116 Eglifli The! Table.. E. EnglHh Names ,. Earl-Martial, Ewry, Efittires of the Volf, Earls, 42 104 116 12; 217 F Fcrejl Law, 20 G Groom-Purveyors of the Long Carts, 111 Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, 124 Gentlemen-U(hers of the Trivy Chamber, ibid. Gentkmen-Ufliers daily Waiters, 1 15 'Gentlemen-Ufhers Quarter-waiters, ibid. Grooms of the Privy Chamber, 1 26 Grooms of the Great Chamber, ibid. Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber, fj-l Grooms of the Bed Chamber, ibid. GranadiersPay, *59 H High Steward, Houjbold Kuchin, Harbinger, Heraulds, Heraulds or Dukes of Arms, 99 119 no 12 ? I ? 0 Hor/e- The. Table. tiorfe-Guards, Their Pay, Inhabitants, K 1$ i *58 16 King’s Privy Kitchen, n g King’s Officers and Servants in Ordinary above-. flairs. King’s Barbers, King’s Tables. n 3 . Il8. 163 Lam, Language } Lord Treafurer, ; His Oath and Office, Lord Vrefldent, Lord Privy Seal, His Dignity, Lent-Sermons, Lord Steward of the King’s Houffiold, Lord Chamberlain, Laundrefs, Larder, Lord Chamberlain. Lords of the Council, M *7 39 xci ibifLr Toa ibid. 10 } 109 111 112 118 H9 123 142 Money, Meafures, Martial Law, Manners, \Mafter of theHorfe. 8 12 20 go u g Mafier The Table. Mafter of the Hcufhold, IIJ Mafter of the great Wardrobe, 128 Mafter of the Ceremonies, ibid. Mafter ofthe Revels, ' IJI Meffiengers in Ordinary, I ]2 Meffenger of the Yrefs, I; J Mafter-Falconer, ibid. Mafter of the Buck-hounds, ibid. Mafter of the Barges, ibid. Mafter of theTennis-Court, ibid. Mafter of the Horfe, and Officers under him , 140 Majefties Serjeants, 148 Maundy-Tburfday, 164 Marqnifs, 217 N Name, 1 Numbring, 48 Name, 51 Nobility c/England their Names and Degrees,u 6 Nobility, their Precedency, 21 4 Their Revenue, 235 O Oath of Lord Chancellor, 100 Office of Chancellor, ibid. Officers of the Hall, J2I Officers of the Wardrobe, 131 Officers of the Works, 135 Officers of the Teoman of the Guard, 13 9 Organsfts, 172 Peculiar and By-Laws, II Tuniffiment of Criminals, 34 Tatri- The Table. Patrimony , S 6 Perfon of the King, 60 Power and Prerogative, *3 Pantry, Il 7 Poultry, Paflry, 119 120 Porter at Gate , 121 Porters at Sf-James’/, ibid. Paget of the Prefence. 116 Pages of the Back-flairs, u 7 Turfuivants, 130 Pages of the Wardrobe, 132 Phyflcians in Ordinary, 134 Pay mafler to the Penfloners, 137 iji Prerogative-Office, Punijhmentfor Striking in the Court , Priefls of the Queens Chappel, 161 17 *, Prince Georg fs Court, 181 Peers their Number, *34 Queen's Kitchen, ^ no Queen's Court,' 166 Queens Houjhold, ibid. Queen s Stables, Queen's Women-Servants, * 7 ° Queen’s Cbappel, 171 Queen’s Mufick, 174 Queen’s Vocal Muftck, ibid. Queen Dowager’s Court, 176 R Religion, Recreations, li Removing Wardrobe, it Rangers The Table.. Rangers, Rcgtflers, Royal Highnefs's Court, Revenues of the Clergy, Servants, Soil, Silver Coin, Statute-Lavs, Sirnames, Salary of Lord Chancellor, Spicery, Scalding-houfe , Scullery, Sewers, Sewers of the Chamber, Serjeants at Arms, Serjeants of the Hanks, Secretaries of State, Six Clerks, Serjeants at Law, T 'fettmpets, Three States of England, V Under-Mafier of the Robe, Vifcount, W Weights and Meafures , Wooa-Yard, Women of England, VPine-Porters, Y Yeomen.of the Guard, m i 184 ao2 2,73 4 9 18 43 123 126 130. r ?3 144 146 148 145 lU 218 128' 12. 120 16 d 122 138 0 F A LISTS. Page f\Ffcers and Servants under the Lord Steward in the Vy Compting-Houfe, Officers and Servants of his Majejly's Bnfhdd khw-jlairs, Their Majejlies Officers in Ordinary above-flairs, Uj Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber in Ordinary, ) 14 Officers under the Miller of the Robes, ii6 Heralds, Pnrfiivants, and Sergeants at Arms, S30 Officers of the Wardrobe, 131 Meffengers in Ordinary, 133 Officers andclarfsof the Works. 135 Gentlemen-Pefmers, 137 Officers and Servants under the Matter of Horfc, 139 Their Majejlies Privy-Council, jjl Officers of the High Com of Chancery, 146 Their Majefiies Council and Sergeants at Law, 148 Other Sergeants, ' ibid. Judges and Officers in EccleftaflicalCourts, 149 Their Majejlies Troops of Hnje-Guards, 153 Officers and Servants of the Queen's hetfluid, 1(6 Officers and Servants to Qjeen Dowager, 176 Officers and Servants to the Prime of Denmark, 1S1 b The The Prhccfs of Denmark’* Court or Family, 184 The D«(v of GloccftcrV Servants, j 45 Catalogue of the Bifbops, a 13 The Peers of England, 227 Baronets of this Kingdom, 259 Stalls at Winfor, 255 PART IIj C eifs 0} the Signet and Privy Seal, Lords Spiritual and Temporal, Knights, Citizens, and Burgeffcs, Officers of the Court of King’s-Bench, Offiicers of the Common-Pleas, Officers of the Exchequer, Officers of the Court of Chancery, Oarifon Trams Lieutenants of Counties Lieutenancy of London, Lijlsof Ships , Lords Commiffiencrs of the Admiralty Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, Officers of the Mint, Commiffin:e' r and Officers of the Cujlom-Houfe, Officer, of rce iixeife, Officers of the Gen.ral Pojl-Htufe, Officers of the Court of Delegates, Colledgeof Phyficians, Heralds, Governors of the Chartcr-Houfe, l’rebends of Wcftminftcr, . Colledges and Halls in Oxford, Colledges and Halls in Cambridge, Their Majellies Territories in America, Their Majefties Mkillet s in Fo. eign Countries, Cor,fuls in divers Patts, Foreign Miniflersin England, Royal Society , hfurers of Hoffies, Page 6 18? 196 OF ENGLAND I N G E N E R A L. C H A P I. Of its Name, Climate, Dimas fens, Divifw>ss,Jir, Soil, Commodities, Monty, Weights, Meafttres and Buildings. jjianiC-] Ijf ] NG LAND, the better part of the g j bed I(land in the wltole World, anciently with Scotland, called Bri- ■' SI * tain, and fometimes Albion, was a- bout Eight Hundred Years after the Incarnation of chrijiy (by fpecial Edift of King Ef:trt, ■ defeended from the Angles, a People of the Lower Saxony, in whole 'polfeflton the greaeft part of chisEouhfrey then,was) named Angle, or Englelond, thence by the Punch called ' Angleterre, by the Germans England, and by the Inhabitants England. Climate.] It is fituated between' the Degrees 17 and 22 of • Longitude, equal with Britany and Normandy in France, and between 50 and y of Northern Latitude, B equal i JElje $jefcnt &tate equal with Flanders, Zealand, Holland, Latter Saxony, and Denmark The longed day in the mod Northern part is 17 hours $0 minutes, and the (honed day in the mod Southern part is almod eight hours long. ©imcnfiona ] It is in length from Berwick, to the Lands End Three Hundred Eighty Six miles, in breadth from Sandwich to the Lands End Two Hundred Seventy Nine, in ernpafs (by reafon of the many Bays and Pro¬ montories') about 1300 miles; in (hape triangular, contains, by Computation about 30 Millions of Acres, about the thoufandth part of theC/ok, and 533d part of the habi¬ table Earth, almod ten times as big as the United Nether¬ lands, five times as big as the Spanijh Netherlands-, lefs than all Italy by almod one half, and in companion of France, is as 301082. ©ihiltOllO That part of Britain now called England, was in the time of the Romans, divided into Britannia Prima, Britannia Secunda, and Maxima C&farienfis, The fird of thefe contained the South part of England, the fc- cond all that WeSern part now called Wales, and the third the Northern parts beyond Trent. When the Britain! had received the Chridian Faith, they divided the fame (for the better Government Ecclefiadi- cal) into Three Provinces, or Archbi(hopricks, way. the Archbifhoprick of London, that contained Britannia I’tima ; the Archbifhoprick of York., which contained that part, called Maxima Csfarienfis ; and the Archbifhoprick of Caer- leon, an ancient great City of South Wales, upon the Ri¬ verunder which was Britannia Secunda. Afterward the Heathen Saxons over-running this Countrcy, and di¬ viding it into Seven Kingdoms, the King of Kent being fird converted to the Chridian Faith by St- Auflin, who lived, and was buried at Canterbury, the Archiepifcopal See of London was there placed, and the other at Caerleon was tranflated to Sc. Davids in Pembrokejlnre \ and at lad fub- jeftedtotheSceof Canterbury: the North part of England and all Scotland, was put under the Archhifhop of Toil’, and all England divided into Diocclfcs, and in the Ycai 630 it was, for better Order and Government, didinguifh- ed into Parifhes, by the Care and Pains cf Honorim, Arch- cf ENGLAND. 3 bilhop of Canterbury, almofl sco Years before it was divi¬ ded in:o Counties or Shires by King Alfred: by whomalfo tliofe Shires (fo called from the Saxon word Scyre, a Par¬ tition or Diviiion) were fubdivided into Hundreds, which at fir ft contained Ten Tythings, and each Tything 7en Fa¬ milies. At prefent, England, according to its Ecclefiartical Go¬ vernment, is divided firft into Two Provinces or Archbi- fhopricVts, viz. Canterbury and 7 or if, thefe Two Provinces into 20 Dioceffcs, which arc again divided into do Arch¬ deaconries, and thofe into Rural Deaneries, and thofe a- gain into Parilhes. According to the Temporal Government of England, it is divided into 52 Counties ot Shires, and thofe into Hun¬ dreds, laths, Rapes or Wapentakes, fas they are called in fome Counties J and thofe again into Tythings. England, without Wales, is divided into fix Circuits, allotted to the 12 Judges to hold Alfizes twice a year, (whereof more in a Treatife apart.) It is alfo divided by the Kings Juftices in Eire of the Foreft, and by the Kings at Arms into North and South ; that is, all Counties upon the Koith and South fide of Trent. There are in all England 25 Cities, 641 great Towns, tailed Market-Towns, and 972;Parilhes; under many of which are contained feveral Hamlets or Villages, as big as Drdinary Parilhes. 3 !ir.'J The Air is far more mild and temperate (if not more healthy.) than any part of the Continent un¬ der the fame Climate. By rcafon of the warm Vapours of the Sea on eve¬ ry fide, and the very often Winds from the huge We- fiern Sea, the Cold in Winter is lefs (harp than in fome parts of France and Italy, which yet arc feared far more Southerly. By reafon of the continual Blafis from Sea, the very often interpolation of Clouds betwixt the Sun and Earth, ind the frequent fiiowcrs of Rain, the Heat in Summer is lefs fcorching than in fome parts of the Continent, that lie much more Northward,where neither Rain norCloudsap. pear for fome Months, and not much Wind. As 4 S£!)c pjffnit State As in 5'i'ww, the gentle Winds and frequent Shiners, qualific all violent He,its and Droughts, fo in Winter the projls do only meliorate the cultivated Soil, and the Stmv keep warm rhe tender Plants. In a word, here is no Ncccfluy of Stoves in Winter, nor Grotta’s in Summer. £ 0 il ] It is blclTed with a very fertile wholfom Soil, watered abundantly with Springs and Streams, and in di¬ vers parts with great Navigable Rivers ; and many more Rivers might cafily be made Navigable : Few barren Maintains and Craggy Rocks, but generally gentle plcafanc Hills, and fruitful Valleys, apt for Cor n, Grafs, or Wed. The Excellency of the Englifh Soil may be lcarn’d ( as Varro advifed of old) from the Complexion of the Inhabitants, who therein excel all oth.er Nations: or clfe from the high value put up- 011 it by the Kvnans ami the Stmt, who look’d upon itasfuch a precious fpot of Ground, tin: they thought it worthy to be fenced in, like a Garden-phi, with a mighty Wall, of Fourfcore Miles in length, vi{ from Tinnmth oa the German Sea, to Si/iwn-Frifrlionthe Irifls Sea, (where¬ by the Caled'nian tires might be excluded) and with a monlirous Dike, of Fourfcore and T. n Miles, u:g. from the mouth of the River Wye, to that of the River Dee, (whereby the Cambto-Britain Coxes nrght be kept our.J Laflly, rhe Excellency of her Soil mty alio be lcarn'cl from thofc Tranfeendent Eulogies bellowed on lver by An¬ cient an.1 Modern Writers, calling England, tile Granary if site Weftern W,rU, the Seat of Cures, ire. Tine her Valleys are like Eden, her Hills like Leb nut, her Springs as Pifgab, and her Rivers as Jordan. That flic is a Faradif; of Pleafnre, and the Garden of God. 0 format a fy om¬ nibus tents beat'nr Britannia ! te omnibus Csli ac Soli ditaut Natwn, tibi nihil ineji qttod vita: offend.it, tibi nihil deejl fid viht defideret , it,i tit alter Orbit extra Orbem j>wi ad de- ticias ham,mi generis videaris. Ob happy and blclfed Bri¬ tain ! above all other Countries in the World, Naina bath inrich’d thee with all the Blefimgs of Heaven and Earth : Nothing in thee is hurtful to Mankind, nothing wanting in thee that is definable ; infomuch, that thoi feemell another World placed bcfidcs, or without tin gte.i 5 of ENGLAND. great World, mccrly for the Delight ami Plcafure ol Mankind. Commohifir#-] As it is divided from the reft oi the World, fo by rcafon of its great abundance of all tilings ncceflary for the Life of Mail, it may, without the Contribution- of any other part of the World, more ea- jly fubfift than any of its Neighbouring Countries. Terra fail contenta bm'u, non indiga were/;. Firft, For wholfome fubftantial Pood, wlut plenty c- very where of Sheep, Oxen, Swine, Fallow Deer, Coneps and Hares? It wants not Red-Deer, Guts, Jmr Roes, What abundance of //.nr, Ducks, Geefe, Tuikeys, ridge- out and Larly ? Of Partridge, Pheafants, Plnert, Tenlr, Thrufhcs, Merles, Field-fares, Oujles, or Blackbirds, Wild- Ducky, Wild-Geefe, Stvans, Peacocks, Burnings, Suites, Quails, Mfocki. Lapwing/ / It wants not SmMingt, Knit, Curlew, Banting, Dotterel, Roe, Chur, Ruff, May- cbit, Stint, Sea-Plover, Pewits, Kedjhanh, Rails, and Ifa-earr, Herrons, Cranes, Bitterns, Buftards, Puffins, God-wits, .Heath-cock;, Mire-Pouts, or Gmfe-fhntfhes and Thruliles: Then for Fifh, what Plenty ot Salmon, Trouts, Lamperns, Gudgeons, Carps, Tench, Lampreys, Pikes, Per¬ ches. Eelcs, Bretnes, Roche, Dace, Ctefifh , Flounders, Plaice, Shads, Mullets ? What great abundance of Her¬ rings, Whitings, Mackerel, Soles, Smelts, Pilchards, Sprats, Oyflers, Lobjiers, Crabs. S’orimps, ThornbachJ &c. It wants not Prawns, Ruffs, Mfetes, Cocbjes, Ccnger, Tur¬ bots, Cod, Scale, Modes, F.fcahps, Sec. What great plen¬ ty of Apples, Pears, Plums and Cherries l How doth England abound with Wheat, Barles, Rye, Pulfe, Beans and Oats? with excellent Butler and Cheefe: 1 with moft fortsof Edible Roots and Herbs! fee. It wants not Apri- cocly, Peaches, KeSarens, Grapes, Mulberries, Figs, Me- lam, Quinces, Sir. Mints, Smll Kills, filberts, cMnuts, Medlers, Wardens, Raj'pices, Strawberries, Currants, Goose¬ berries, fee. . Laflly, for Drinks, England abounds with Beer, Ale, Sider, Perry, and in feme parts with Metheglii or Mede. BJ Not 6 jEfje gjefcnt &>tatc Now of all thefe-things, there is fuch a conflanc con¬ tinuance, by reafon of the Clemency of the Climate, that learcc the lead Famine, which frcqucntcth other Countries, hath been felt in England thefe 400 years. Then for Rayment, England produced! generally, not only very fine Wool, which makes our Cloth more la. ding than other Countrey Cloth, and better condition¬ ed againft Wind and Weather ; but alfo fuch great abun¬ dance of Wool, that not only all forts, from the highefi to the lowed, are cloathed therewith -, but fo much hath been heretofore tranfporred beyond the Seas, that in Honour of the Englifli Wood, that then brought fuch plen¬ ty of Gold into the Territories of Vhtlip, firnamed Bonus, Duke of Burgundy, ( where the Staple for Englijh Wood was in thofc da\s kept) he indituted (as (ome write) that famous Military Order of the Golden Fleece, at this day in highefi Edcem with the whole fioufe of Auflria. This abundance and cheapnefs of Wooll in England, pro¬ ceeds not onlv from the goodnefs of the Soi', but alfo from the freedom from Wolves, and from exctllive Heats and Colds, which in other Countries create a charge of a condant guarding their Sheep, and houfing them by night, and fometimes by day. Alfo, for advancing the Manufa- fturesof Cloth, that neceffary Earth, called Fullers Earth, is nowhere elfe produced in that abundance and. excellen¬ cy as in England. Ic wants not Linnen for all ufes, at lead, not ground to produce Flax and Hemp, although there be at pre- fent much Linnen imported, with much Paper, and fine Paper made of Linnen, to the fliame and damage of the Nation. But there are lately many Paper-Mills ereffed, and very much line Paper made in feveral places of Eng¬ land. Befide, there is in England great plenty of excellent Leather for all forts of ufes, infomuch that the poored people wear good Shooes of Leather ; whereas in our Neighbouring Countries, the poor generally wear either Shooes of Wood, or none at all. For Building, it wants not Timber nor Iron, Stone nor Slate, nor Ardoife, or Blent Slate, Brick, nor Tiles, Marble nor AJabaJter, Mottar nor Lime , Lead nor Glafs. For of ENGLAND. 7 For Firing, cither Wood, Sea-Coal, or Pit-Coal, al- moft every where to be had at reafonable rates. Alfo Turf in many places, and much more might cafily be made. For Shipping, no where better Oak, no where fuch Knee-Timber, as they call it; or Iron to make ferviceable and durable Guns. For War, for Coach, for High-war, and Hunting, no where fuch plenty of Horfes -, alfo for Plough, Cart, and Carriages-, infomuch as Mules and Affes fo generally made ufe of in France, Italy, and Spain, arc utterly defpifed in England. For D'ggs of all forts, (izes and ufes, as Maflijfs, Grey-hounds, Spaniels for Land and Water, Hounds for Stag, Buck., Pox , Hare and Otter -, Terriors , Tumblers, Lurchers, Setting Dogs, Cuts, Turn-Spits, little Lap Dogs, &c. Moreover, England produceth, befides a mighty quan¬ tity of Tin, Lead and Iron, fome Brafs and Copperas-, much Alome, Salt, Hops, Saffron, Licorice, Hones, Wax, Tallow, Coney-Furs, Salt-Peter, Woad for Dying, and divers other beneficial Commodities. It wants not Mines of Silver, yielding more in their fmall Quantities of Oar, and fo richer than thofe of Potofi in the Weft Indies, whence the King of Spain hath moft of his Silver-, thofe yielding ufuallybut ore Ounce and an half of Silver in one hundred Ounces of Oar-, whereas thefe in Wales, Corn- mi, Lancafliire, and the Bijhopricf of Durham, yield or¬ dinarily Six or Eight Ouncet per Cent, but thefe lying deep, arc hard to come unto, and Workmen dear, which is 0- therwife in Potofi. Ic wants not Hot Baths, and abounds in Medicinal Springs. Vineyards have been heretofore common in mod of the Southern and middle parts of England -, and Silky might be here produced, as ic was once defigned by King James: but a great part of the Natives, prone to Naviga¬ tion, fupplying England at a very cheap rate, with all forts oi Wines, Silky, and all other Forreign Commodities, (ac¬ cording to that of an ancient Poet, I EIjc ^jcfcitt £fate Quicfi'td amat luxtts, Qpficqutd defider.il lifts, Ex te proveniunt vel aliunde tib'f,) It hath been found far better Husbandry to employ Englifh Ground rather for producing Wool!, Com and Cartel, for whichic is mod proper. In a .word, though fame Coun¬ tries excel England in fome things, yet gei eraily there is no one Countrey under Heaven, whole Au is better do- red with Birds and Fords ; Se n, Rivers, and .Vn.fr with Fifties ; l-'iclds with all forts of Corn, the Paflures with Cattgl, til tForefls, Pariis, Warrens and Woods, with Wild Beads only for liccreation and Food; tiie Mines with Me¬ tals, Coals, and other Minerals ; Where are fewer raven¬ ous and hurtful Beafis, fewer I'envmus Serpents , or Njifome Flies and Vennin, fewer Drouths, Inundations or Dearths ; fewer Vjiwbileftme- Serenes, Feflilentul Airs, Tempefium Hurricanes, Subterranean Fires, Buntin' M-Mains or De- jlruflive Eaithqua^cs ? Ina-word, where is there,a grea¬ ter abundance of all things neceiTiry for Man’s Life, and more cfpeciallv for all kind of Food ? infomuch that it hath been judged, tint there is yearly as muclt Flejh and Beer confuin.d in England, by over-plen-iful Tables, as would ferve dire.’ times the Number of People. Add to all tliis, Tnit being incompaffed. with the Sea, and well furoilh’d with Ships, and abundance of commodious and excellent Havens and forts, it excels for Safety and Secu¬ rity (which is no fniall praife) all die Neighbouring Coun¬ tries, if not all the Countries in the World, and needs not much to fear any Neighbouring bfition, but only that which grows potent-in Shipping, for they only can deprive us of our main Security, and of an Iflnid can make us as a Con¬ tinent. . i^OUEf J' At fir'd all Nations bartered and exchan¬ ged one Commodity for another, hut that being found rroublefome, by a kind of Cuflom, good liking, or u- fage, amongft all Civiliz’d Nations, Silver and Gold, ns mod portable, pliable, beautiful, and lefs fubjeft to rud, hath been as early as the days of Abraham, clio- fen to be the Indrumcnts of Exchange and Mcafure of all tilings, and were at firft paid only by Weight, till the ' • • Romans, of ENGLAND. 9 Romms, about Three Hundred years before the Eirrh of Cln ill, invented Coining, or Stampin’ of Gold and Silver. Wlicn Julius Cefar fir ft entred this Ijhnd, here were current, infieadof Money, certain Iron Rings ; afterwards the Romans brough.t in the nfc of Gold, Silver, and Brafs Co)ti In the time of King Richard the Firft, Moneys covncd in tile Eaft parts of Germany, being for its purity highly efieemed, fome of thofe Eafierlings were fent for over, and imployed in our Mint, and tlicnce cur Money, c-llo-i Eafterling, or Sterling Money, as fome think: (as the titft Gold coyncdin England, was by King Edward the Third, and thofe pieces called Florences, becaufe Florentines wire the firft Coyners thereof though others fay of the Saxon word Ster,' Weighty. £ilt)fr.] King Edward the Firft, fince the Nor¬ man Conqucft, cftablifiied a certain Standard for Silver Coyn in this manner: Twenty Four Grains made one Penny Sterling, Twenty Penny weight one Ounce, and Twelve Ounces, or FiveThoufand Six Hundred and Sixty Grains made a Pound Sterling, confiding of Twenty Shil¬ lings, Of thefe Twelve Ounces, n Ounces Two Penny weight Sterling, was to be of fine Silver, and the weight of Eighteen Penny Sterling in allay the Minter did add: So that anciently a Pound Sterling was a Pound 7re>weight, whereas now a Pound Sterling is but the third part of a ■pound Troy, and a little more than the fourth part of Avo'tr du Fois weight. The Money of England wasabufed and falfified for a long time, till Queen Elizabeth, in the Year 1560 to Her great praife, called in all fuch Money •, fince which time no bale Money hath been coytied in England, buc only of pure Gold and Silver, called Sterling Money ; only of lat¬ ter time, in. relation to the Ncccflity of the Poor, and Exchange of great Money, afmall piece cf Copper, called a Farthing , or fourth pare of a Few n, hath been permit¬ ted tobccoyned, and now of Tin, our own Manufacture, buc no nv.n inforccd to receive them in pay for Rent or Debt; which cannot lie affirmed of bv any ocher Stare or Nation in thcChriftinn World', in all which there are 1; 5 ftVC- *o SClje ^jefent $tate feveral forts of Ctfper-Money as currant with them for any payment, as the pureft Gold or Silver. No Moneys in any Mine are made of pure Silver, becaufe Silver in its Purity, is almoft as flexible as Lead-, and therefore not foufeful, as when lurdned with Copper. Gold minted pure, would alfo be too flexible, and there¬ fore is in all Mints allayed with fome Copper or with Silver ; and mod Mints differ in more or lefs allay. In the time of the afore-named King Edward the Firfl, the Coyns were only Four Pence, Threepence, Two Pence, One Penny, the Halfpenny, and the Farthing, all of Silver. The Pound weight Trot of Silver, fince the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, hath been cut at Sixty Two Shillings, and thefeveral Silver Coyns now currant in England, are the Crown, or Five Shillings, which is almoft the Ounce Troy, then Half-Crowns, Shillings, Six Pence, Four Pence, Threepence, Two Pence,and One Penny. For theCoynagc, there was allowed Two Shillings in the Pound Troy of Silver, fo that the Merchant who brought in the Bullion, received only Sixty Shillings for each Pound Troy, which made the Ounce to be juft Five Shillings: Buc by an Aft of Parliament 1665 for Encou¬ ragement of Coynage, the Charge of Coynagewas defray¬ ed by an Impofition on Brandy, and nothing payable by thebringer in of the million, fo that the Merchant recei¬ ved Sixty Two Shillings for every Pound Troy of Bullion. The Pound weight, or Twelve Ounces Troy of Gold, is divided into Four and Twenty Parts, which are called Carrats, fo that each Carrat is Ten Penny weight Troy, or half an Ounce, and this Carrat is divided into Four parts, which arc called Carrat Grains; fo that the Carrat Grain is Two Penny weight and an half, or Sixty ordinary Grains, and the Carrat Grain is divided into divers parts. The Standard of Crown Gold is Two and Twenty Carrats of fine Gold, aud Two Carrats of Allay in the Pound weight Troy. The Allay of fome Gold Coyns is all Sil¬ ver, as the Guiney Gold, and fome all Copper, which renders the Gold Coyns, fome more White, fome more Yellow. of ENGLAND. n In England at prefent the Pound weight 7 Voy of Gold is cut into Four and Forty parts and an half, each part is to pafs for Twenty Shillings, and the half part for Ten Shillings: yet now by the Scarcity of Gold imported, each of the faid parts is current for Twenty One Shillings and Six Pence. There are alfo coyned fome Pieces of Forty Shillings, andfomeof One Hundred Shillings, which hold proportionably in weight and finenefs to che Twenty Shilling Piece. The Englijh Gold was coyncd at 44 /. to 1. the Pound Troy, whereof Fifteen Shillings were taken by the King for his Seignorage and charge of Coynagc; and the Merchant for a Pound of Gold received but 45 f. 15/. whereas he now receives by the faid Aft of Parliament 44 /. to s. The Standard of Sterling Silver in England is Eleven Ounces, and Tin Penny Weight of fine Silver, and Eighteen Penny Weight of Allay of Copper out of the Fire, and fo proportionably -, fo that Twelve Ounces of Pure Silver, without any Allay, is worth 3/. 4 a. 6 d. and an Ounce is worth 5 s. 4 d. 10 b. but with Allay is worth but 3 /. and the Ounce 5 s. The Spanijh, French and Flemijh Gold isalmofl of equal finenefs with the Englijh. The Englijh Silver Money hath lefs of Allay than the French or Dutch. The Moneyers divide the Pound Weight into Twelve Ounces Trey. f Ounce 1 f"20 Penny Weight. Fennr Weight 24 Grains. , J Grain [ • J 20 Mites. ' | Mite j 0 j 24 Droites. Unite 20 Perits. Lferir ! '•» i.24 Blanks, The proportion of Gold to Silver in England, is as One to Fourteen, and about one Third; that is to fa\, One Ounce of Gold is worth in Silver Fourteen Oun¬ ces, and about one Third, or 3 /, 14 s. 2 d. of Engli/h Money. Tin J2 2C(jc ^pfcnt That the EngUffi Covn may want neither the Purity nor Weight required, if was molt wifely and carefully provided, That once every Year the Chief Officers of the Mint (hould appear before the Lords of the Council in the Star-Chamber at Wejiminfier, with fomc pieces of all forts of Money coyncd the foregoing Year.' taken at adven¬ ture out of the Mint, and kept under fcvcral Locks by fevcral Perfons, till that apptarJnce, and then by a Jury of Twenty hour able Golafmiths, in the I’refencc of the fait! Lord;, every I'iece is moil exaftly cflayed and weighed. Since the Happy fiefiauration of His late Ma jelly, King Charles II. the Coyning or Stamping of Money by Ham¬ mers hath been laid afulc, and all (lamp’d by a Mill or Screw; whereby it comes to pafs, that our Coyns, for neat- refs, gracefttlnefs and fccurity from counterfeiting , do furpafs all the mod excellent Coyns, not only of the Romans, but of all the Modern Nuions of the World. tllcigllf# anit fPrafllTC] For Weights and Mea- furcs ac prefenc ufed in England, there are very ma¬ ny excellent Statures and Ordinances, and abundance of Care taken bv our Anccftors, to prevent all cheating and deceit therein. By the iqth Chapter of Magna Charta , the Weights and Meaftres ought to be the fame overall England, and rkofe to be according to the King’s Standards of Weights and Meafurcs, kept in the Exchequer by a fpecial Offi¬ cer of hi; Hw.fe, called the Clc\\ or Comptroller of the Mar bet. Of W-.ights there are two forts ufed at prefent through¬ out all England, viz. Troy Weight, and Avoir da Pits. In Tioi Weight, Twenty Four Grains of Wheat make a Pen¬ ny aright Sterling, Twenty Penny weight make an Ounce, Twelve Ounces make a Pound, fo there arc 480 Grains in the Ounce, and Grains in the Pound. By this Weight arc weighed Pearls, Precious Stones, Cold, Silver, Bread, and all manner of Corn and Grain ; and this Weight the Apothecaries do or ought to ttfe, rho by other Divifions and Denominations, their lead Mcafure is a Grain. In of ENGLAND! 13 In Troy Weight. 20 Grains T (a Sctuplc C ^ 3 Scruples ( i! Drachin Y-* ) $ 8 Drachmsf | San Ounce,) g S | 12 Ounces ) “ (a Pound, ( 1 ft Avoir tin Port hath Sixteen Ounces to die Pound, but then the Ounce Avoir du Poii is lighter '..ban the Ounce 7Voy by Forty Two Grains in Four Hundred and Eighty, that is near a Twelfth part; fo that the Avoir du Port containcth but Four Hundred Thirty Eight Grains, and is as Seventy Three to Eighty ; that is, Seventy Three Ounces Troy is as much as Eighty Ounces Avoir du Poky and Sixty Pound Avoir du Pok is equal to Seventy Three rounds Troy, and Fourteen Ounces Troy and a half, and the Ttnth part of a Troy Ounce, makes Sixteen Ounces Avoir du Pok. In Avoir du Pok Weight. Id Drachms ) (an Ounce. 1 6 Ounces / \a Pound. j 8 Pound ) make s'a Quarter.. 4 Quarters \. )a Hundred, jo Hundred ) (a Tun. By this Weight are weighed in England all Grocery Ware, Flejh, Butter, Chcefe, Iron , Hemf, Flax, Tallow, Wax, Lead, Steel ; alfo all things whereof comes wafte; and therefore 112 Pound Avoir du Pok is called a Hundred weight, and 56 Pound Half a Hundred, and 28 Pound a Quarter of a Hundred, or a Tod. Eight Pounds Avoir du Air among the Butchers, is called a Stone, and 14 Pounds among Horfe-Raccrs is alfo called a Stone. Note, That when Wheat is at 5 J.the Bulhel, then the Penny Weeaten Loaf is by Statute to weigh 11 Ounces Troy, and Three Half Penny White Loaves to weigh as much, and the Hm(bold Penny Loaf to weigh 14 Troy Ounces, and two Third 14 ffi&e ^tfent fttate Third parts of an Ounce, and fo more or lefs proporti- onably. Note alfo, That here, as in other Countries, Silk-men ufe a Weight called Venice Ounce , which is 13 Penny weight and 1 a Grains; fo that 12 Ounces Venice is but 8 Ounces 4 Penny Yroj, and 9 Ounces Avoir du Pots ; but of this there is no Standard, nor doth the Magiftrate allow of it. SFcafure#.] All Meafures in England are either Ap¬ plicative or Receptive. The fmallcft Menfura Application^, or Applicative Meafure, is a Barley Corn, whereof Three in length make a Fingers breadth or Inch, 4 Inches make a Hand¬ ful, 3 H-ndful a Foot, 1 Foot and a half make a Cubit, 2 Cubits a Yard, 1 Yard and a quarter makes an EH, 5 Foot makes a Geometrical Pace, 6 Foot a Fathom, 1 6 Foot and a half make a Perch, Pole, or Rod, 40 Perch make a Furlong, 8 Furlongs, or 3 20 Perch make an Englijh Mile ; which ac¬ cording to the Statute of 11 H. 7. ought to be 1760 yards, or 5280 Foor, that is, 280 Foot more than the Italian Mile ; 60 Mies, more exaftly 69 Enghfh Miles and a half make a Degree, and 360 Degrees, or 25020 Miles compafs the whole Globe of the Earth. For meafuring of Land in England, 40 Perch in length, and 4 in breadth, make an Acre of Land, (fo called from the German word Acler, and that from the Latin word A- ger) 30 Ar» ordinarily make a Yard-Land , ar.d one hun¬ dred Acres are accounted an Hide of land-, hut in this, and alfo in fome Weights and Meafures, tlx Cuflom of the place is otherwife, which mud be regarded- In France about P,iris 12 Inches make a Foor, 22 Foot make a Perch,and ;co rcrchcs make an Arpent. Menfura Reeept'mis, or the Receptive Meafures arc two¬ fold ; firft, of Liquid, or Moiji things; Secondly, of Dry things. About a Pound Avoir du Pots makes the ordinary fmall- cfl Receptive meafure, called a Pint, 2 Pints make nQuait, 2 Quarts a Pottle, 2 Pottles a Gallon, 8 Gallons a Fiibjn of Ale, 2 fuch Firt/M make a Hilda kin, and 2 Kilderkins, or 32 Gallons make a Barrel of Ale, 9 Gallons a Firkin if Beer, 2 fuch Firkins, or 18 Qallows, make a Kilderkin, 2 fuch " '" Kik of ENGLAND. ( ij Kilderkins, or 3 6 Gallons, make a Barrel of Beer, j Barrel and a half, or 54 Gallons make a Hogfhead, 2 Nogfheads make a Pipe or Butt, and 2 Pipes a Tun, confiding ot 1728 Pints or Pounds-, a Barrel of Butter or Soap is the fame with a Barrel of Ale. The Englifl) VVine-Meatures are fmaller than thofe of Ale and Beer, and hold proportion as 4 to 5; fo that 4 Gallons of Beer meafurc are 5 Gallons of Wine meafure, and each Gallon of Wine is 8 Pounds Try weight. Of rhefe Gallons, a Rundlet of Wine holds 18, half a Hog- fhead 31 Gallons and a half, a Tierce of Wine holds 42 Gallons, a Hogfhead 6% Gallons, a Punchion 84 Gallons, a Pipe or Bute holds 12 6, and a Tun 252 Gallons, or 2015 Pints. To meafure dry things, as Corn or Grain there is firft the Gallon, which is bigger than the Wine Gallon, and lefs than the Ale or Beer Gallon, and is in proportion to them, as 33 to 28 and 35, and is counted eight pounds Troy weight. Two of thefe Gallons make a Peck, four Pecks a Bufhel, four Bufhels the Comb or Curnock, two Curnocks make a .Quarter, and ten Quarters a Lad or Wey, which contains 1520 Pints, and about fo many pounds; fo that in a Garifon 5000 Men allowing each but a pound of Bread per diem, they will confume near a Laj}, or 80 Bufhels every day; and 2 50 Men in a Ship of War, will drink a Tun of Beer in two days, allowing each Man but his Pottle per diem. XSlliltlingje?.] Churches throughout all England, and all publick Kdifices, are generally of Solid Stone, cover¬ ed with Lead-, Cathedral and Collegiate Churches every where ample and magnificent; and the Churches in Mar¬ ket Towns and Opulent Villages fpacious and foiid e- nough, beautified cither with very high Pyramids, or Steeples, or at lead withdarcly high Towers. Houfes in Cities, that were heretofore ufually of Wood, arc now built of good Stone or Brick and cover’d with Slate or Tjle ; the Rooms within, formerly Wainfcotted, are now hung with Tapidry, or other convenient Stuff, and all Cieled with Plaider, excellent againd the Rage of hire, againft the Cold, and to hinder the pafljge of all Dult and Noife. Of late years Deal Wainfcot .is found to be more conve- Diene and cheaper than Hangings. The 16 ffilje ^jcfcut &tate The Modern Buildings have been far more flight, and of lefs continuance than the Ancient. The Houfes of the Nobles and Rich are abundantly furniflied with Pewter, Brafs, Fine Linnet, and Plate: The mean Mechanicks, and ordinary Husbandmen, want not Silver Spoons, or fome Silver Cups in their Houfas. The Windows every where glazed, not made of Paper or Wood, as is ufually in Italy or Spain. Chimneys in moft places, no Stoves, although the far more Southern parts of Germany can hardly fubfift in the Winter without them. C H A P. II. Of the Inhabitants, and therein rf their Law, Religion, Manners, and ?uni\hnents: Of their Number, Language , Stature, Diet, Attire, Recreations, flames and Simames : Of their Computation and manner of Numbring. 31nl).lbifailf0.] Tj 1 A 'gland hath been pofffs’d by five J_/ fcveral Nations, and coveted by ma¬ ny more, and no wonder fo fair and rich a Lady (hould have many Lovers, it being a Country .(as wasfaidof the Tree in the midft of Paradife) god for food, pleafant to t' e eyes, and to be defirei. Whereas the High-lands of Scot¬ land, Wales, Bifcay, Switzerland, and other like Coun¬ tries, continue dill in the Pofleflion of their Aborigines, of rhe firft that laid claim to them, none fincc judging it worth their pains todifpolfefs them. The firfl Inhabitants in England are believed to be the Britains, defeended from the Gauls, whofc Language was once alinofl the fame; fuhducd after by the Romans, who, by reafonof their troubles nearer home, wcreconllrained to abandon this Country, about 400 years after CbriJ} : whereupon the Pills, Inhabitants of Scotland, invadiltg the Britains, they call to their aid the Saxons, who cha- ofENGLAND. 17 fing away the PiBs, foon made tliemfdves Mailers of the Britains : but thcfc not able to endure the heavy yoke of the Saxons, after many Battels and attempts to reco¬ ver their loll Liberties and Countrcy, retired or were dri¬ ven, fome of them into Britain in France, from whence fome think they firfl came, hue moll of them into the two utmofl Weftern barren and Mountainous parts of this Country, called afterwards by the Saxons, Waliflsland, in- (lead of Gaultfhland ; as the Germans dill ciWItaly, tralifh- land, becaufe inhabited by the Cifalpine Gauls ; and the French call our Country of B>itains, he Pais de Gales. The Saxms folely poilefs’d of all the bed parts of this Jjle, were for a long time infeded, and for fome time almod fubdued by the Danes, and afterwards wholly by the Normans, who drove not out the Saxons, but mixed with them ; fo that the Englijh Blood at this day is a mix¬ ture, chiefly of Norman and Saxon, not without a tin Bure of Danifli, Romifh, and Britilh Blood. Stljfir Hatofi.] The Englifh, according to feveral matters and parts of the Kingdom, are governed by fe- vcral Laws, vi%. Common Law, Statnte-Liw, Civil-Law, Canon-Law, Foreft-Law, and Martial-Law ; befides parti¬ cular CudomsandBy-L.w ;; Of all which in brief, (in: tending in aTrcatifc apart to fpeak more largely of them in the particular Government of England, Ecclefiafliijue, Civil and Militar), together with all the Courts and Offi¬ cers thereunto belonging.) Common*HaUi ] The Common Law of England, is the Common Cufloms rf the Kingdom, which have by length of time obtained the force of Laws : It is called Lex non firipta , ( not but that we have them written in the old .Norman DialeB, which being no where vulgarly ufed , varies no more chan the Latine) but bccaufe it cannot be made by Charter or Parlia¬ ment, for thofe are always matters of Record, whereas as Cudoms are only matter of FaB, and arc no.where but in the Memory of the People-, and of all Laws mud be the bed for the Englifh: for the Written Laws made in England by Kings or Privy-Councils, as anciently j or by Parliaments, as of latter times , are impofed upon the Subject before any probation or trial, whether they are bene- 18 Elje JDjefent State beneficial to the Nation, or agreeable to the Nature of the People ; but Cufioms bind not the People till they have been tried and approved time out of mind; during which time no inconvenience arifmg to hinder, thofe Cufioms became Laws: and therefore when our Parlia¬ ments have altered any Fundamental Points of our Com¬ mon-Law, (as fometimes hath been done) thofe alterati¬ ons have been by experience found fo inconvenient, that the fame Law by fuccceding Parliaments hath foon been reftored. This Common-Law is the Qninteffence of the Cuftoraary Law of the Mercians, prevailing before the Conqueft in the middle Countries of Unhand, called the Kingdom of Mercia, and of the Sax-M among the Well and South parts, and of the Danes amongft the Eafi Angles, all firfi reduced into one body by King Edward the Elder, about the year 900 ; which for fometime al- moft loft, were revived by the good King Edward the Con- felfor, and by Poftcrity named his Laws- To thefe' the Conqueror added fomc of the good Cufioms of Neman- dy, and then his Succelfur King Edward the Firfi, having in his younger years given himfelf fatisfaftion in the glo¬ ry of Arms, bent himfelf (like another Juftiniat 1) to en¬ dow his Eftare with divers notable Fundamental Laws, e- trer fince practis’d in this Nation. The excellent conveni- encyandconnaturalhefs of the Common-Law of England to the temper of Englijh Men, is fuch, that the feriouscon- fideration thereof induced King Jama the firfi in a folcmn Speech to prefer it as to this Nation, before the judicial Law of Mofes. £fatute*?lato.] Where the Common-Law is filent, there we have excellent Statute-Laws, made by the feve- ral Kings of England, by and with the Advice and Con- fenr of all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and with the Confent of all the Commons of England, by their Re- prefentatives in Parliament, whereunto the Englifh cnfdy fubmit, as made at their own earned defire and requeft. CibibJUto ] Where Common and Statute-Law take no Cognizance, ufe is made of that Law of Laws called the Civil-Law ; wherein is to be had what all the Wifeft and No- bleftMen of the mod flourifhing and puiflant State tliate- ver was in the World, could in the fpace of many hundred years of ENGLAND. 19 years by their own Wifdom or Reafon devife, or from any other people learn ; fo that this Law may be lookt on as the Produftof the Common Rcafon of all mankind, and fitted for the Interefi and Welfare not of one Nation only, but contemplating and taking care for the general Affairs of ah People. Of this Law ufe is made in all Ecclefiafti- cal Courts of Eifiiops, Archdeacons, Vicars-General, Chancellors, and Commiffarics, whenever Cognizance is taken of Wills and Teftaments, of Tythes, Oblations, Mortuaries, of Matrimony, Divorce, Adultery, Incefi, Fornication, Chaflity attempted ; of Sacred Orders, In- fiitutions to Church-Livings, Celebration of Divine Offices, Reparation of Churches, Dilapidations, Procurations; of Hcrefie, Apofiafie, Atheifm, Schifm, Simony, Elafphe- my, fee. So of this Law is made ufe in the Court of Ad¬ miralty, in all Affairs immediately relating to the Royal Fleets, to all other VelTels of Trade, and to their Own¬ ers, to Mariners, to Commanders ac Sea, to Rcprifals, to Pyracies, to Merchants Affairs, to all Contrafts made at Sea orbevondSea, in the way of Marine Trade and Com¬ merce to all matters touching Wrecks, Flocfam, Jetfaw, Lagan, Marine Waifs, Deodands, fee, Moreover, ufe is made of the Civil-Law in the Court of the Earl-Marfhal taking Cognizance of Crimes perpetrated out of England ; of Contraffs made in Foreign parts; of Affairs of War within and without England ; of Controverfics about Nobility and Gentry, or bearing of Coats of Arms of Precedency,^. Of this Law much ufe is made in Treaties with Foreign Potentates, where many points are to be determined and concluded, according to the dircAion of this moll excellent and general approved Law : and for this caufe Foreign Princes take efpecial care to chufe fuch Perfons for their Ambaffadors as are skilled in the Civil Law; and this policy was heretofore duly obferved by our Engli(b Princes with very good fuccefs. Laftly, the two Univcrfities of England krve themfelves of the Civil-Law; for by their Priviledgcs no Student is to be fued at Cow¬ man Inw, buc in tbe Vice-Chancellors Courts for Debts, Accounts, Injuries, fee. 20 2Cljc P;cfcnt &tate nods, befides divers Decrees of the Bifliops of Rome, and Judgments of Ancient Fathers, lud been received by the Church of England, and incorporated into the Body of the Canon Law : by which (lie did ever proceed in the exer- eife of her Jurifdifiion, and doth (hll by venue of the Statute 25 H. 8- fo far as the faid Canons and Confiituti- ons are not repugnant to the Holy Scripture, to the Kings Prerogative, or the Laws, Statutes and Cuftoms of this Realm, and tiiefc are called the Kings Ifcclcfiaflical Laws, which have fevcral proceedings, and feveral ends from the Temporal Laws, tiiefc inthfting punifhuicnt upon the Body, Lands and Goods, and to puniih rhe outward Man; but thofc pro falute animx, to reward trie inward Man ■, both joyning in this, to have the whole Man outwardly and inwardly reformed. JFojriJ'JLitlXi-] The Foreft-Law! are peculiar Laws, different from the Common-Law of England. Forefli in England arc exceeding ancient and before the making of Cbarta de Forejla, Offences committed therein, were pu- nifhed at the pleafure of the King, in fo (harp and grie¬ vous a manner, fasftillin German)) that both Nobles and Commons did fuffer many horrible inconveniences and oppreflions; ami even in that Charter, were fome hard Articles, which the Clemency of gracious Kings, have fmcc by Statute thoughc fit to alter per Aflifas ForeSl.e. Yet in the time of Edward the Third, and alfo at this day, Vo¬ luntas reputabitur profalh ; fo that if a man be taken hunt¬ ing a Deer, he may be arrefied as if he had taken a Deer. The Forclier may take and arrefl a Man, if he being ta¬ ken either at Dog-draw, Stable-JIand, Bad^bear, or Blood)- hand ; for in thofe four a-Man is faid to be taken with the manner, though three of them may be buc preemptions, fPartiabJUto] Lex Caftrenfis Anglicana, is that Law that dependeth upon the King; Will and Plea¬ fure , or his Lieutenant, in time of aftual War ; for although in time of Peace, the King for the more equal temper of Laws towards all his Subjcfts, makes no Laws but by the confcnt of the three Effaces in Parliament: yet in times of War, by reafon of great dangers arifing ’ luddenly and unexpectedly upon fmall occafions, heufeth abfolute Power, infomuch as his Word goethfora Law. of ENGLAND. n Martial Law extends only to Souldiers and Mariners, and is not to be praftifed in times of Peace, but only in times of War, and then and there where the King’s Army is on foot. IDfCtlliar ailh ato.'J By tire Kings Royal Charter granted to divers Cities of England, the Magi- llrates haven Power to make fuch Laws as may be benefi¬ cial for the Citizens, and not repugnanc to the Laws of the Land ; and thefe are binding only to the Inhabitants of the Place; unlcfs fuch Laws are for general good, or againft a general inconvenience ; for then they bind firangers- Kdijjiotl-J Bccaufe Humane Laws can promote no other good, nor prevent any other evil, but whac is o- pen to publick cognizance, it is very r.eceflary for the Society of Mankind, and it is the great Wifdom of God fo to ordain, That by Religion a Tribunal fiiould he ere- fted in every Mans Soul, to make him efehew evil and do good, when no humane Law can take notice of cither. Of all Religions in the World, anciently only the Jews worlhipt the true God, in the true manner. The Jews Religion, in procefs of time, by Traditions and Supcrflitions much corrupted, was parcly abrogated, and the reft reformed, refined, and fublimated by our Saviour Chrifl, and fince called The Chriflian Religion j which was Planted in England, Tempore ut feimm (Taith Gild.ts) flnnmo Ttkrii Cifarit, which by computation, will fall to be five years before St. Peter came to Rome, and a- bout five years after the death of Chrifl- It is alfo affirmed by Ancient and Modern grave Au¬ thors cxprcfly, that in the twelfth year of the Emperor Nero, Sc. Peter preached here, Baptized many, and or¬ dained Eifiiops, Pricfls, and Deacons: That immediate¬ ly after Sr. Stephen's death, and tire Jews difperfion, Jo- jeph of Arimathea, with twelve others, here preach’d and ' died.- Thac the firft Fabrick of a Chriflian Church or Temple in all the World, was at Glaficnbur? in Somerfet- fhire, thirty one years after Chrifi’s death, and that St. Paul was permitted to preach here , before he was fuffered fo to do at Rome. Afterwards Anno 180, the Chriflian Faith was here profclfcd by publick Authority n SClje ^jcfcnt State under King Luciw, the firft Chriffian King in the World, and with Chtiflianicy, no doubt, came in the Epifco- pal Government, as maybe fccninthc Catalogue of Bri- tijh Bilhops: and it is certain, that at the Council of Arles, Anno 547, there were three Bririfh Archbifhops, visi. of London, Tori1, and Caetleon, whereof the firft had for his Province under him, the South ■, the fecund, all the North ; ana the third, all beyond Severn, or the Weft part of this Ifland, aforementioned. Under the fc three A rch- bilhops, there were reckoned abouc that age, twenty eighc Bilhops, all which did obferve the Cuftoms and Orders of the Greek or Eaftern Churches, and particularly that of Eafter, different front the Latine cnltom, or Woft¬ en Churches; nor did they acknowledge Rome to be the Mother-Church of the fjriuiMc^-Church. Britain was then a Patriarchal Jurifdiflion in fubftance, though per¬ haps notin name, and fo continued, until about the year 595, when Auftm the Monk, alhlledby the fraud of for¬ ty other Monks, and by the power of the then Heathen Anglo-Saxons (who had long before driven the Britains in¬ to Wales') contained the Britijb Bilhops to fubmit them- felves to the Bifhop of Rome, after which, by the con¬ venience or condefcenfions of the fucccffive Saxon and Norman Kings, this Church was in fome things fubjeftei to the Bilhop of Rome, as its Patriarch or Primate ; un¬ til Henry the Eighth, by his Royal Authority, (as he and all other Kings might remove their Chancellors, or other Officers, and difpofe of their Offices to others) did remove the Primacy or Mctropolitanlhip from the See of Rome to the See of Canterbury ; as being far more agreeable to civil Policy and Prudence, that fuch a high Power (hould be placed rather in a Subjcft of our own Nation, than in a Sovereign Prince, (forfo is the Pope over feveral Terri¬ tories in Italy ) and he far remote beyond the Seas: which ejeftion of the Popes Authority was not done, as in other Nations, by popular Fury and Faftion, but by the mature deliberate Counfel of Godly and Learned Di¬ vines Alfembicd in Convocation, with the exprefs Autho¬ rity of the King, and ratified by the Three States in Par¬ liament, Tl.e ofENGLAND. 1; The minds of Englifb Chriflians rlius tMivercd from the Spiritual Tyranny of the Ltfhop <•' xiit.-, id the Dignity of Engli/h Kings from no Spi'inu; v un¬ der him; the King and Clerr to jk .In- oi:ih ,n -o re¬ form the many abides and err. » ere Church, in length of time, by the gr,.u : ""..cr.ce am cor¬ ruption of Governors; wherein o v, ii.om -t the Englijh Reformers, is to be admire. 1 o all Po'Erry, which was briefly thus: Firft, care was taken, left that (as it often happens in indifereet Purges, and wherever onl\ the People hath been the Reformer) the good fhouid be taken away with die bad ; care was taken co retain all that could law¬ fully and conveniently be retained in the Romifli Litur¬ gy or Mafs-Book, in their Cermonial and Canons; to take out all the Gold, and to leave only the Drofs: and this according co the Example of our Lord and Saviour Jefiu Cbrijl ; who, in his Reformation of the Jewijh Religion, thac the Jews might be lefs offended, and more eafily wan, thought fit to retain divers old Elements ; as, their Wafiings, lie converted into the Sacrament of Bnptijm, and fo their cuflom of Bread and Wine in their Pajfiver, he turned into the other Chriftian Sacrament, &c. In a word, it was refolved, not to feparate farther from the Church of Rome in Doftrine or Difciplinc, than that Church had feparated from what (lie was in her pureft times. For Doftrine, they embraced that excellent Counfel of the Prophet, State fuper vim antiqum, ii- icte qutnam fit via re'la, tf)ambulate in ea ; they made a (land, and took a view of the pureft Primitive Chri- ftian times, and thence faw which was the right way, and followed thac. For the Difcipline of this Reformed Church, they confidered what ic was in the pureft times of the firft good Chriftian Emperors ; for the times of perforation ("before Temporal 'Princes embraced the Chriftian Faith) as they were moft excellent times for Doftrine and Manners; fo very improper and unfit for a Patcm or Example of outward Government and Policy. And had this Juftrce, Prudence, and Divine Policy been ufed in our Neighbouring Reformed Churches, doubr- lefs they had feen a far more plentiful Harvcft. The 24 SCIje gjefcnt State The Doftrine of the Cliurcii of England is contained in exprefs Words of the Holy Scripture, in the 34 Arti¬ cles, and the Book of Homilies- ' , The Worfhip and Difcipline is fecn in the Liturgy .and Book of Canons; by all which, it will appeal- to im¬ partial Foreign Eyes, that the Church of England' may warrantably be faid to be the moft exaft, and perfeft Pattern, of all the Reformed Churches in' the World; and whofoever fhall be fo happy as to'bt a true Son of that Church, muft confefs that ic is the'moft Incorrupt, Humble, Innocent, Learned, the moft Primitive, nlOft De- cent and Regular Church in Chriftendom; That her Do¬ ftrine is built upon the Prophets and Apoftles, according to the Explication of the ancient Fathers; The Govern¬ ment truly Apoftolical, and in all elfential parts thereof of Divine Inftitution ; The Liturgy, an extraft of the beft Primitive Forms; the Ceremonies few, but nccclfary, 1 and fucli as tend only to decency and incrcafe of Pie¬ ty ; that (he holds the whole truly Catholick Foundation according to the Scripture, and the four firft general Councils; that flic adheres clofely to Tradition truly U- niverfal; that is, doth willingly receive, quid ob mnibrn, quod ubiqiie, quod femper receptum fuit ; which is the old Rule of Catholicifm; fo that none can fay more truly with Tertullian than tile English , in ea regula incedimm quam Ecclefia ab Apoflolii, Apoftoli a Cbrifto , Chrijhs a Deo am- pit. Search all the Religions in the World, none will be found more confonant to God’s Word, for Doftrine, nor to the Primitive example, for Government ; none will be found that aferibes more to God, or that conftitutcs more firm Charity amongft Men 1 ; none will be found fo excellent, not only in the Community, as Chrifti- ans, but alfo in the fpccial Notion, as Reformed; for it keepeth the middle way, between the Pomp of Su- perftitious Tyranny , and the meannefs of Fanatick A- narcliy. So chat if that Man’s conceit were puc in pra- ftice, that would have every wife Man to have two Re¬ ligions, the one a publick for conformity to the Govern¬ ment, and the other a private to be referved in his own B caft, doubtlefs all well confidering Men would choofc for their private Religion, that of the Church of ENG LAND. 25 of England, if they were once well acquainted with In two Points, the Church of Bnghrni is truly tranfeen- dent: Firft, it hath the grand Mark of the true Church, which molt Europe,m Churchesfeem to want, and that is, Charity towards other Churches; for it doth not fo en¬ voi's Heaven to its own ProfelTors, as to damn all 0- thers to Hell. Secondly, it is the great Glory of the Erglifb Protdiant Church, that it never rtfified Authori¬ ty, noringaged in Rebellion, nor ever allowed of taking up Arms without lawful Authoiity or invincible rcccf- firy, that did ever maintain the Primitive Dofirinc of PaHivc Obedience and Non-refiflance, as alfo the Do- (bine of Non abidance, in cafe our Sovereign gees a- fcout to fubvert our Religion, Laws, and Liberties; a praile, that makes much to her advantage, in the minds of all thofe who have read or heard of the difmal and dc- villifh dTcetsof the Holy League in Fr.wc by l’apids As for the fcandal begotten by the late Troubles, and Murder cf the late King, which fomc of the Rtmijh en¬ deavor to throw upon the Enghjh Religion ; it is fuffici- cntly known, that not one Perfon that was a known Fa¬ vourer, and Praftifer of that Religion by Law cdablidi’d in Ergimd, was either aEiginncror active Profccutorof that Rebellion, or any way an Abetter of that horrid Murrher; for that our Religion neither gives fucli Rules, nor ever did fet fucli Examples; nor indeed can that be truly faid to be an Aft, ci.iicr of the Parliament or Peo¬ ple of Engl.md, but only of a few wretched Mifercants, Sons of Bdi.il, that had no fear of God before their E)es. About the year 1635, or 163S, the Church of Eng¬ land, as well as the State, leaned to be in her full Sta¬ ture of Glory, diining in Tranfeendent Empyreal Ludre and Purity of Evangelical Tiurh: Her Religious Perfor¬ mances, her holy Offices, ordered and regulated agreea¬ bly to the expedient of fucli Sacred Aftions; Her Difri- pline Models, fuitable to the Apoftolick Form ; the Set and Suit of her Holy Tribe, renowned for Piety and Learning; and tliefc all in fo fuper-cmincnt a degree, that no Church on this fide the Apoftolick, can hardly, or tver could compare with her in any one. And in this C Felicity j6 Eljc pjcfnit @>tate Felicity (lie probably lwve continued, had flic not been didurked bv a Generation of Hypocritical, or at lead blind Zealots; whole Prcdcccflbrs in Queen Eliza¬ beth's time began to oppofe that excellent begun Re¬ formation, and then to contrive the alteration of Go¬ vernment ; beginning fird very low at Caps and Hoods, Surplices and Epifcopal Habits; hue thefe Hew higher, proceeding at length to the height of all Impiety, fub- verted even Liturgy, Epifcopacy, and Monarchy it fclf; all which our moil Gracious King Charles the Second, upon his Redauration, did mod Wifely and l’ioufiy re- ftorc, after the example of that good King 2 Cbm. 29. 2, 3. Since which, we arc able to render this joyful Account of the Religion, and Church of Er.g. land, i'i*. That there is nothing wanting in order to Sal¬ vation ; Wc have the Word of God, the Faith of the Apofties, the Creeds of the Primitive Church, the Arti¬ cles of the Four fird General Councils, a Holy Liturgy, Excellent Prayers, due Adminidradon of Sacraments, all the Precepts and Counfcls of the Gofpel. Wc teach Faith and Repentance, and die neccffity of Good Works, and dridly exact the feverity of a Holy Life. Wc live in obedience co God, ready to part with all for 111s fake; Wc Honour his moil Holy’ Name; We Worfhip him at the mention of his Name; We ccnfcfs his Attributes; We have Places, Times, Pcrfons, and Revenues, confc- cratedand fee apart for the Service and Word,ip of our Great God, Creator of Heaven and Earth : We honour his Vicegerent die King, holding it damnable to ufc a- ny other Weapons againd him or Ills Army nut Pray¬ ers and Tears; as did mod eminently appear of late, when King Jams the Second, a zealous Romanifi, vifi- bly endeavouring to root out the Religion of the Church of England edablifhed by Law, found not the lead rc- fidancc, nor was ever deferred till he had unkinged him- ftlf, forfeited his Crown, and was as it were dcaci in taw. We hold a charitable refpeft toward all Clirmt- ans: We confcfs our Sins to God, and to our Bre¬ thren, whom we have offended, and to God s blunders the Frieds, in cafes of a Scandal, or of a troubled Con- fcicncc; of ENGLAND. 1? fcicncc ; and they duly abfolvc die Penitent Soul. We have an uninterrupted fucccflion of Reverend, Learned, and Pious Bifliops, who.ordain Priefls and Deacons, Con- fccrote Churches, Confirm the Baptized at a due age, Eld's the People, Intercede for them, vifit oft their re- fpeftive Diocclfcs, taking care of all Churches, that they be ferved with as good and able Pallors as the fmall maintenance can invite : They defend the Church-Liber¬ ties, confer Inflitutions, inflift Ecclcliaftical Ccnfurcs, difpeitle in certain Calcs, keep Hofpitality, as St. I’,ml admoniliteth ; and Preach as ofc as r.ccdfity requircth. H'dit cnim ttcqtte Condaiutontm pmitits mi chin, ncque in- Uclium multitude, hoc exigen lidctur: For now neither that feurcity of Picachers which was amongfl the Primi¬ tive Chridians, nor multitude of Heathens which dwelt among them, doth feem to require it; but that rather life good Pilots, who fitting fliilat the Helm, (while o- tliL-rs labour and toil at the Ropes and Sails) they fliould make it their whole bufinefs (by conlidcring the Winds and Tides, the Rocks and Shelves, theStafotts and Climates) that the Ship may keep her right cottrfe, and be futhly brought to her defired Haven ; for it hath been unluckily obferved, that as a Ship is then in mod danger, when the Pi¬ lot (lull quit the Helm to pull at a Rope; fo thole Diocefes have commonly been word governed, whofeLifliops have been mod Eookifh, and moll freqnent in the Pulpit. Even dnee the beginning of our Reformation, there arc fomc few Families in fcveral parts of Et&Lmd, have pcrlifled in the komtjh Religion, ar.d are ufiully called Papid; from J’.t/vr, the old uliul Title of the Bilhop of hr.c. Againd thefe there are divers fcverc Laws dill in force, hut their number king not confide table, nor/heir Loyalty for many years lad pad qucdicnablc, thefe Laws have been more rarely put in execution ; be Lines the clemency ami gentle ufage fhewn to them here, begets in Rotmjh States and Potentates abroad, the like genr.'e treatment of their Proteflant Subjects, and of the Ettgli:}, living within their Dominions. And tho there be fcveral other Pcrfwafions in this Na¬ tion that differ from the Church of EntLwd, as Efh- klilkd by Law, and were lyahlc to fomc inconveniences 2 l 1 jc pjefcnt State becaufe of their Pcrfuafions till of late, fuch as Freshtt■ riant. Independents, Anahptifls,Quakers, anti others: how. ever (hire this Happy Revolution, all rhiir Mujeflics Pro- tt’flant Subjefts dill'enting from the Church of England, arc by an Aft Pivm GulieL fy Mai is, exempted from the Penalties of certain Laws therein mentioned. So that a Free Toleration is granted 10 all the Dill'enting Proteflanti, and none is be moleflcd upon account of his Religion, that takes the Oath of Allegiance to their Prefect Ma- jeflies, and fuhfcrihcs the Declaration enjoyn’d in an Aft of 50 Car. 2. Entituled An All to pment Papijls from fit¬ ting in either Honfe of Parliament, when tanked to them. There is alfo a Toleration granted to certain other Perfons, Diftcnccrs from the Church of England, who Pim¬ ple the taking of any Oath, and the Declaration every Inch Pcrfon (lull make and fubferibe, is as follows. f A. B. ©0 finccrclp pjomifc ana folctrmlp Ordure bcfoie GoD ano tljr eliojio, that 31 toill brSCrue anb faithful to fcitw william ana Sdirai mary: ano 31 folcinulp p;ofrfa ano Declare, tljat 21 00 from mp Ipcart a til) os, Oefctt, ano renounce ns 3iinpiou0 ano heretical, tljat Damnable lE>o= ttrine ano ^Bofition, gOjat t&ginceo C'pcomnumira' teO 0 ? orpiibco bp tljc $opr, 0 ? anp aiutijojitp from the jbff or Rome, map br ®rpcfro, 0 ? f§Dur« tljereD bp tljfir ^ubjuts, 0 ? am> otijcr baljatforbrr: aino 3i 00 Declare tljat no foreign 3&?incr, $rr* fon, Relate, Stater? $otcntatr, Ijatlj, 0 ? ought to fjabc anp i5otorr, 31urifoimon, Superiority, Jd^r* ^eminence, ozJut&ojitp (EcclelMical 0? Spiritual toitljin tljts; Kealm- And fhall fubferibe a Profcflbn of their Chriflian Belief in thefe Words. 1 A B. $?ofrfe( faith in GoQ tlje father, ano in 3)efti0 Cl)?iS hi» Eternal Son, tlje true Goo,, ano in tlje folp Spirit, one Gob bleffeo fo? ibcr* tno?e j ano 00 acknotolcOge tlje folp SopfurrS of tlje ©to ano fldb JlcfUmciit to brgibiu Op jDn bine 3 infpiration, Touch- cf ENGLAND. 19 Touching the Jnvs, which by the late Ufurpcr were admitteil at London, and (ince continued by the bare per- miflion of the King, and fudered to hire a private Houle, wherein to hold tiuir Synagogue ; tltcy arc not conftdc- rablc either for Number, making not above 80 or too FamiK’S norfor tlicir Wealth or Abilities, being for the rood part poor and ipnoran'. As feme years before the late Troubles, no People of any Kingdom in the Wo:Id enjoyed more freedom from Slavery and T.txes, fo generally, none were freer from evil Tempers and Humours, none more devoutly Religions, willing^ obedient to :he Laws, Kith Looal to the King, lovingh hfpitable to Neighbours, amlitiujlt civil to StiMgers, or more liber.ill) cl.nit able to the Needy. No Kingdom could fliew a more valiant prudent Nobilty, a more learned pious Clergy, or a more contented loyal Com¬ monalty. The Men were generally honed, the Wives and [ Vo- rcrnchade and modeft, Parents loving, Children obedient, Husbands kind, M jkrs gentle, and Seivants faithful. In a word, the Englijb were then, according to their Native tempers, the bed Neighbours, beft Friends, bell Suljrlfs, ami the bed Chrillians in the World. Good Nature was a thing fo peculiar to the Englifh Nation, and fo appropriated by Almighty God to them, (as a great Pcrfon obferved) that it cannot well be tranfiattd into another Language, or pradifed by any other people. Amongd thefe excellent Tempers, amor.gfl this goodly Wheat, whilft Nen flepr, the Enemy came and fowed Tares', there fprang up of latter years a fort of People, far, fallen, fufpiems, querulous, cenforiotts, peeiifh , emi- w«, referved, narrow-hearted, clofe-fijhJ, felf-conceited, ig¬ norant, proud, malignant, flijf-mtlgd, Childien of Belial, (according to the genuine fignification of that Word, which is a lawlefs Man, one that will not fubmit or con¬ form to the Government) ever prone to defpife Dominion, to fpcalg Evil of Dignities, to gain-fay Order, Rule and Authority ; who have accounted it their Honour to contend with Kings and Governours, and to difquict the Peace of Kingdoms ; whom no Defens, no Clemency could ever ob¬ lige, neither Oaths or Promifes bind, breathing nothing 1 ut C 3 Seat- ;o SEltf p?cfcnt &tatc Sedition and Calumnies againff die Eflabiifh’d GovernmcntJ afpiring without mcafurc, railing without reafon, and I making their own >r;M Fancies the Square ar.d Rule of their Cmfciences; hating, defpifing, or difrcfpcfting the Nobility, Gcr.tr, and Snperiur Clergy, Sec. The Nobility and chief Gentry of England, have ! ccn ever, by Strangers compared to the find! Flower, but the lower fort of common People to the ccurfcft Eran; the innate good Nature, joyned with the liberal Education and Converfc with Strangers in reign Countries, ren¬ der chofe exceeding Civil; whereas the Wealth, Info- lence and Pride rf thefe, ar.d the rare Converfc with Strangers, htverendred them fo difta.lcful; not onlv to the few Strangers who frequent England; but even to their own Gentry, that they could fometimes with, that ei¬ ther the Counrrcy were left plentiful, or that the Impo- firions were heavier; for, by reafon of the great abun¬ dance c.f Fand Fij'r, ten:, Lera',:., IV.el. See. which the Soyl of it; own bounty, with little labour, doth pro¬ duce ; the Feafarts at their cafe, and almoli forgetting Labour, grow rich, and hercbv io proud, infolenr, and carelcfs, that they neither give tltar humble Refpcft and awful Reverence, which in other Kingdoms is ufually gi¬ ven to Nihility, Gentry, and Clergy ; net arc they fo ir.du- frrious, or fo skilful in Miraija; hires, as fonte of cur Neighbour-Nations; fo that in England ic is no Paradox to affirm, That as too much Indigency in the inferior fert of People doth deprefs the Spirits, and ,lull the mind; of them; fo too plentiful and iranten a Fortune, cauftth in them a hzinefs and lefs indujlry, that State commonly in- joying mold Peace, and Order, and Happincfs, where either the moderate Barrcnncfs of the Ccuntrcv, or reant of GromJ, or multitude of Impojis fas in HiltanJj do ncccfiiratc the common People to be inriufdrious in their Callings, and fo to mind their own, as not to difturb the State and Church Affairs. Moreover, of the Engli(b, cfpccially of the Pcafantry, it hath been formerly and unhappily obferved, That then Kiikappieft with them, when they arc fomewhat pref- fed, and in a complaining Condition, according to that Old Rhiming Vcrfe, of ENGLAND; 31 Rufticagens eft optima jlens &pejftm.i r'dcns. The Engl'tfh Common People anciently were, and at this day are very apt to hearken to Prophefies, and to create 'prodigies-, ami then to interpret them according to their own extravagant conceits; to invent, and then miint-iin any the mofl prodigious Opinions and Tenets in Divinity: Come of the inferior fore of late holding a- bominahlc Opinions, unworthy even of Men, and fuchas in no Age was ever broacht before. elifW.] The Eighth Natimal Vices were anciently Glutton;/ , and the Edicts thereof Lafehmfnefs, ( when they made hoar Meals in a day, and mod exccflivc Feaj f- ii with great plenty of French It'/neJ when Women of jrfefed Incontinenq were permitted to profer their Bodies to ail Comers, in certain places called Stews or Sines ; or Bathing places', becaulc Men were wont to bathe them* l'elvcs there (as dill in other Countries) before they ad- drcfl themfeives to Veneroots A ":s. But immediately before the late Rebellion, (that unhappy fountain, from whence is evidently derived wlutfoevcr alntoft is now amifs in Churrh or State, in Court, City or Countrev) no People, unlch, perhaps the lift Germans, were more modcfl and chafte, more true to the Marriage Bed, where!)}' was pro¬ duced a healthy flrong Race, fie for all Arts and Sciences, for Agriculture, for Tcajfh\, for If'.tr and Peace, for A’.nr- gation, Plantations, &c. Another English National Vice was Pride in Apparel, wherein they were anciently fo extravagant and fool- lifli, fo fuperfluous and obfecnc, 'that divers Statutes be¬ fore our Reformation in Religion, and Homilies ftnee, have been nwdeagainfl that Excel}-, and an Engli/h Man was wont to he oiftured Naked, with a pair of Taplirs Sheers in his Hand, a piece of Cloth under his Arm, and Verfcs annexe, intimating that lie knew not what Fafhion of Clothes to have. Excefs of Drinking was anciently more rare in England , as appears by an Old Poet: Ecce Brit.mown mos eft laudabilit iftt, Vt bibat arbitrio poatla qttifjne [no. 52 E!jc pjffcnt &ate The Danes, in the time of King Edgar, fird hroughtit in, but it was afterwards banifht hence, fo that we find no ancient Statute finoe the Conqued againd it; for though the Statutes heretofore made againfl F.xccfs in A)par el and I) et, are ancient, yet thofe againd Drunken, v.cfs are but of late date For till quarto of King James there was no Law to rcllrain that voluntary Madnefs. As the E»Ji(h returning from the Wars in the Hi) Land, brought home the foul Difeafeof Leprofie , now a], mod extinft here, though not yet in our Nt ighbouring Countries: fo in our Fathers days,the Engltflo returning from the fervicc in the Netherlands, brought with them the toul Vice of Dw.kcp.neft, as befidcs otiicr Tcdimonics, the term of Caroon, from Gar-Au^, All out , learnt of the High Dttrci there, in the fame fervicc-, fo Quaff, See- This Vice of late was more, though at prefenc fo much, that fo.ne pertb'iF, anil thofe of Quality, may not fafely lac vi- fited man Afternoon, cfpcciallv in the Cour.rrcv, without running the h iZard of cxc dive drinking of Hcaltht, whereby in a Ihort time twice as much Liquor is confumcd as bv the l)..rc.\ who lip and prate ; and in fome places it is cdeem.H a piece c? now it doth in the private, fallen, diicorterted, niggard) N!atc fently to undergo that horrible puniflimcnt called Peine joitefy Jure-, that is, to be font back to thePrifonfrom whence he came, and there laid in Come low dark Room, upon the hare ground, on his back, all naked bdidc his Privy parts, his Arms and Legs drawn with Cords, fa¬ ttened ro die feveral Quarters of the Room ; then (hall be laid upon ins Body, Iron and Stone, fo much as lie may bear, or more: the next day lie (hall have three Morfcls of Barley Bread without Drink, and the third day (hall have Drink of the Water next to the Prifon- door, except it be RunningWater, without Bread; and this lhall be hi 1 Diet till he die. Which grievous kind of Death foine (lout Fellows have fometimes chofen, chat fo not being tryed and convifted of their Crimes, their Efiates may not be forfeited to the King, but defeendto their Chil¬ dren ; nor their Blood (lamed. Buc in cafe of Htgb-Treafon, though the Criminal (land mute, yet Judgment (hall be given againft him, as if lie had been convifted, and hisEftatcconfifcated. After Beheading or Hanging, the Criminal’s Friends u- Dually inter the Body decently, where they pleafe; only tf the Crime be very enormous, as for Murdering and Robbing any perfon, then by Order is the Criminal ufually hang’d by the Neck till he be dead, and afterwards hang'd in Chains till the Body rot; and in fome cafes his right hand is (irft cut off, and then hanged. In all fuch Felonies where the Benefit of Clergy is allowed, (as it is in many) chere the Criminal is to be mark’d with a hot Iron, with a T. or M. for Thief, or Matt-flayer ,on the left Hand; and wandring Rogues are to be burnt on the Shoulder with an R. Anciently, in the time of the Satan Clmfiian Kings, and fometime after the coming of the Norman Kings, Men were rarely put to Death for any Crime, but either paid grievous Fines, or for the more enormous Ciimes, to Iofe their Eyes, or their Tcflicles; and fo remaining li¬ ving Monuments of their Impieties, as punilhments far worfe than Death ; which among Chriflians is believed to be but a pafTage, for all truly penitenr, from this Life to a far better ; and fo more a Reward than a Pimijh- For of ENGLAND. 37 For Petit Parcenary, or fmall Theft, that is under the value of 12 d. the punifhmcnc anciently was fometimes by lofs of an Ear, lomctimcs by Cudgelling; but fincc fj t v, y only by Whipping; but if fuch Petit Thief be found by the Jury to have fled for the fame, he forfci.eth all his Goods. Perjury, by bearing falfc Witncfs upon Oath, in a Court of Record, is punifli’d with the Pillory , called Collijlri- fium, burnt in the Forehead with a p. his Trees grow¬ ing upon his ground, to be rooted up, an J his Goods con- fifeated. forgery, cheating , Ltbetling, Falfe Weights and Meafurct, Forejhtlhg the Market, Offences in Baling and Brewing arc commonly punifh’d with ftonding in rile Pillory, and rometimesro have one or both Ears nailed to the Pillory, and cut ofl; or there bored through the Tongue with a hot Iron. The punifliment for Mifprifm of High Treaftm ; that is, for neglefting or concealing it, is forfeiture of the Profits of his Lands during life, and of all Goods, and aifo Impri- fonment for life. For Striding in the King's Court, whereby Blood is dram, the punifliment is, That the Criminal Ihall have his right hand ftrickcn off, in mod fad and folcmn manner; as more at large may be feen in the Chapter of the King’s Court. For Striking in U’cjbninjler-Halt whilft the Courts of Ju- flice are fitting, is imprifonment during life, and forfei¬ ture of all his Eflate. For one found in a Pr.rmttnirr, that is, one who incurs the fame punifliment which was inflifled on thofc who tranfgreflcd the Statute of l5 R. 2. cap. 5. commonly railed the Staiute of Fr.mcnire, corruptly, as fome think, from the Writ Prsmrnire, for Pr.trnunire facias. Sec. for fuch an one, the puniflimenc is forfeiture of all his Eltate, to be put out of the King’s Protcftion, and imprifonment during the King’s plcafurc. The punifliment of Petit Jurors attainted of giving a Ver- dift contrary to Evidence, wittingly, is fevcrc and terri¬ ble; they are condemned to lofc the Franchife or Free¬ dom of the Law ; that is, become infamous and of no cre¬ dit, 38 SDic |Djcfcnt &wtc die, uncapablc of being a wknefs, or of a Jury ; their Houfes, Lands and Goods fiiall be feized into the King’s Hands, their Houfes pulled down, their Meadows ploughed up, their Trees rooted up, all their Lands laid walk, and their Bodies imprifoned. The like punilhmcnt is alfo for thofe who fhall confpirc to indid an Innocent falfly and malicioufly of Felony. Any Man or Woman conviftcd in the Bipty's Court of Herefie, was to be delivered over to the Secular Power, and to be burnt alive; buc this is lately repealed. F’elode je-, that is, one who wittingly killeth himfclf, is to be buried ouc of Clniftian Burial, with a Stake driven through the Corps, and to forfeit hisGoods. Drunkards, Vagabonds, {£jt. are puniflied by fettitig their Legs in the Stocks for certain houis. Scolding Women are to be fet in a Trebuchet, commonly called a Cucl$ngflo)l, perhaps from the French Cojitim, and the German Stul, the Queans chair ; placed over lomc deep water, inco which they are letdown, and plunged under water thrice, to cool their choler and heat. Other Mifdemcanors are commonly puniflied with Im- prifonments or fines, and fometimes with both. As for breaking on the Wheel, and other like tortu¬ ring Deaths, common in other Chrifiian Countries, the Englifb look upon them as too cruel for Chrifiian Profellors to ufe. For putting any to the Rack, (unlefs perhaps in fome cafes of fligh-Tieafon) it is by the Engltjh believed to fa¬ vour of too much flavifhncfi; befides, they contemning and Dcfpifmg Death, and yet not enduring Torture, will fooncr acknowledge themfclves guilty of any the fouled Crimes whatfoever, than be put to the Rack; and then the people, not accuflomed tofuch Cruelty, would be apt to pity the party tortured, aud abominate the Sovereign and his Judges for introducing fucli a Cuftom; the Jury would cafiiy quic the L'ritone r of whatever Confcliion fhould bcthusexcorrcd. jjdumbfr Of JjlilijabitanW-] To give the Reader an exad account of the Number of reople in England,. will be very difficult; but a near Conjcdture may be thus made. of ENGLAND. 39 England contains 9725 Faridics, now allowing to each Pari(l), one with another, Eighty Families, there will be 778000 Families, and to each Family Seven perfons, there will be found in all, Five Millions Four Hundred Forty, Six Thoufand Souls, and amongft them one Million of Fighting Men. SCljfir Hunguage-] The Englifh Tongue being at prelent much ruined, exceedingly copiottt, exprejjive, and Jignipcanr, (by rcafon of a Liberty taken by the Natives, of borrowing ouc of all other Languages, whatever might conduce thereunto J is (as their Blood) a mixture chiefly of thcoldfeon (a Dialed of tile Teutonic^) and the old Norman (a Dialed of the French) not without forne fa¬ vour of the Britains, Romans, and Danes Languages. The Romans poflefling England, caufed their Tongue, the Lathe once, to be generally ufed in this Countrey. Thefeonr luccceding, introduced their Language where- foever they leated thcmfelves. The Normans afterwards getting pofleflion of England, cautcd the Norman or Ft eneb Tongue to be learnt at School, by the few, and fora long time till 36 of Edward spd. Laws, Statutes, Pleadings, Sermons, Schools, Writings, were in Preach. The Lathe Tongue at prefent is made life of inCovrf- RoUs, Records, procelps of Courts, in Charters, Lommifftofis, Patents, Wr its, Bonds, and fome Statutes are hill kept in that Language. The Nanus of Shires, Cities, Towns MtWilluges, Places and al/en in England, are generally feoi ; and fo aremoft Nouns Appellative, and a great part of the Verbs. In French, or rather Norman, archill written the Com¬ mon-Laws, and learnt by young Students thereof. All/te- ports, Pleadings, all Moots aid Law Exercifes, aie wholly French ; Declarations tij onui initial VYri.s, and all Records are written in French-, fome old Statutes are flill in that Tongue. In Parliament the Ail*nt or Lifcnt to Hills made by the King, Lords or Commons, is in French, Al- moft all our Terms in Hunting, Hawljrg, Dicing, Dancing, Staging, &c. arc flill French. •3M flirt] The Natives of England, by rcafon of the Temperate Climate, Mild Air, not rend red unequal by High 40 Elje $jefent frtate Mountains, and unhealthy by many Marjhes, plenry of wholfom Food, and the ufe of Beer rather than Wine, Pom la belle taille, fo le bean teinS an vifage, as the Freni fay, for a juft, handtome, large proportion of Body; for clear Complexions, and pleafing Fcatmes, do furpafs all the Nations in the World. And perhaps for fomeof the fame Reafons, mold other Animals, as the Horfes, Oxen , Sheep, Srnne, Dogs, Cody, foe. arc obferved by Stran¬ gers to be generally better lhaped than in any other Countrey. iiBptt.] The Englijh are generally great Flejh-eatcrs , although by the nearnefs of the Sea on every fide, the great multitude of Rivers, Brooly and Ponds , England abounds with almoftall forts of excellent Fiji, as is be¬ fore mentioned. In former times their Table was in ma¬ ny places covered four times a day; they had Break fajls , Dinners, Beverages and Suppers, and every where Set- Din¬ ners and Suppsrs, until the time of the late horrid Rebelli¬ on, wherein many Eminent Families being much impo- verifhedby the prevailing Rebels, a Cuftom was taken up by fome of the Nobility and Gentry, of eating a more plentiful Dinner, but little or no Supper ; as on the contra¬ ry, the Romans and Jews anciently, and the hotter Cli¬ mates at this Day, have little or no Dinners, but Set- Suppers. The Englifh are not now fo much addifted to Gluttony and Dmkennefs, as of late years, but unto Tobacco more. Fearing alio is not fo common and profufe as anciently; for although the Fea/ls at Coronations, at the Injiallation of Knights of the Garter, Confecration of Bijhops, Enter¬ tainments of Ambajfadors, the Feajls of the Lord Mayor of London, of Sergeants at Law, and Readers Feajls in the Inns of Courts, arc all very fumptuous and magnifi¬ cent in thefe times; yet compared to the Feajls of our Ancejhrs, feemtobe but niggardly and fparing: For Ri¬ chard Earl of Cornwell, Brother to Henry the Third, had at his Marriage-Feafl, as is Recorded, Thirty Thoufand Diihesof Meat; and King Richard the Second, at a Chriji- mas, fpent daily Twenty Six Oxen, Three Hundred Sheep,, befides Fowl, and ail other Frovifion proportionably : lo anciently at a Call of Sergeants at Lara, each Sergeant ■of ENGLAND. 41 (faith Forte[c:ie) (pm Sixteen Hundred Cmvns in Fcarting, wliich in thofe days was more than Sixteen Hundred Pound! now. The Ergliji that feed not ovcr-liberally, (whereto the great Plenty and Variety of Viands intice them) nor drink much Wine, hut content tlicmfdvcs with fmall Ale or Sider, (but tfpccially the latter) are obferved to be touch more healths, and far longer Iked than any of our Neighbouring Nations. Since che late Rebellion, England hath abounded in va¬ riety of Drinks (as it did lately in variety of Religions) above any Nation in Europe. Betides all torts of the bell K'mer from Spain, Ft.wee, Italy, German-,, Grecia, there arc fold in London above Twenty forts of other Uriah, as Brandy, Cofee, Chocolate, Te.t, Aromatic!;, Mam, Sider, Pern, Mede, Mctheglin, Beer, Ale, many forts of Ala, very diflerent, as (.ode, Stepony, Sticb-bach_, Hu!!, North- Dot#, Samhidge, Betmy, Scurvy-grafs, Sage Ale, Colledge- Ale, foe. a piece of wantonnefs whereof none of our An- cetlors were ever guilty. StfitT J For App, ire/ cr Clothing, the French Mode hath been generally ufed in England of late years; In the time of Queen Elizabeth, fometimes the High-Dutch, fometimes the Spanish, and fometimes the Turl-ijb and Morifco Habiti were by the Englifli worn in England, when the Women wore Doublet:, with Pendent Codpieces onthe Breaft, fill! of Tug! and Cut!-, moreover GMUgafans, Far- dingalei, and Stocking! of divers Colours; but fince the Rcfhuration of King Charles the Second, England never fltv, for matter of [Fearing Apparel, lefs Prodigality, and more Modctly in Clothes, more Plaitinefs and Comelinefs than amrngtl her Nobility, Gentry, and Superior Clergy; only the Citizens, the Countrey-Pcople, and the Servants, appear clothed, for the moft part above and beyond their Qualities, Eflatcs or Conditions; and far more gay than that fort of People was wont to be heretofore. Since ourfaft breach with France, the Englifh Men (though not tl’.e Women) quitted the French Mode, and took a grave "car, much according with the Oriental Nations; hut I that is now left, and the French Mode again taken up. Krcrfii- 4i 5 C 1 je pjcfcnt &tate Kcrrcationsf.] For Variety of Divertifemcnts, Spins and Recreations, no Nation doth excel the Englifb. The Kina hath abroad his Fonfts, Ckajes and Party, full of Variety of Game; for Hunting Red and Fallow Deer, Foxes, Otters ; Hawking, his PaddcctyCimfes, Hsrje-Races, &c. ami ac home, Temtiy Feline! > BiiiLird, Cv/icdies, 0> pen's, Mafearades, Balls, Ballets, Sic. The Nobility and Gentry have their Pas ty, If 'arms, Dears, Paddock Cm- fet, Ilorfe-Raccs, Hunting, Cowfing, fijUng, i-w% Hawking, Setting-D-gt, Tumblers, Lurchers, Diictybtsntiisg, Coctyfighting, Guns for Birding, Low-le’ds, Bat-Fowling, Angling, Nets, Tcimit, Bonding, Billiards, Tables, Chefs, Draughts, Cards, Dice, Catches, Qssefliens, Purpofes, Stage- Plays, Misty, Balls, Dancing, Singing-, all forts of Mnji- cat Inllriiments, &c. The Citizens and I'eafints have Hand-ball, Fat-ball, Slit ties, or Nine-pins, Shovel-board , Store-ball, Goffe, Trol Madams, Cu igels, Bear-baitin’, Buss- bailing, Bom and Aran’, 7 mowing at Costy, Cock-lighting, Shuttleacty Bonding, Quoits, Leaping, Wrefilirg, Pitching the Bar, and Ringing of Bells, a Recrtation ufetl in no other Countrcyof the World. Amongft thefe, Coctyfighting feems to all Foreigners too childifli and unfuicahlc for the Gentry; and for the Com¬ mon 1'cople Bull-bailing and Bear-baiting feem too cruel: and for the Citizens Foot-ball and Tbwekg at Cocty very uncivil, rude and barbarous within the City. C-naIi(I) jflaniaj] Nomina quafs Notanir.a, Names were firll impofed upon Men for difiinftion fake by the Jews at their Circumcifson, by tire Romans at the Ninth Day after their Birch, and by die ChrUtians at their Bap- tifm ; of fiich fignification for tile moil part that might denote the future good hope, or good withes of Parents towards their Children. Tile Englifh Names of Baptifm are generally either Sax¬ on, as Robert, Richard, Henry, William, Edward, Edmund, . Edwin, Gilbert, Walter, Leonard, See- which are all very fignificative ; orcifcoutof the Old and Hew Teftament, as Abraham, Ifaac, Jacob, John, Thomas, James, Sic■ Or fometimes the Mothers Surname, and rarely two Chriltb an Names, which yet is ufual in other Countries, cfpccially in German)'. of ENGLAND. 4J ^urnamrif.] Names fuper-added to the Chrifiian Names tlic french call Surnames, (i. e.} fuper Komina. The Hebrews, Greeks, and mold other ancient Nations, had no Surnames fixt to their Families, as in thefe da\s; but counted thus, for Example among the Hebrews, Mel- chi Ben Adds, Ad i Ben Cafam, ?;c. So the Brhaw.s, Hfgh of Owen, 0 mn up Rhefi. So the Irijl, Neal me Con, Con me Dermoti, &c. As Chriftiun Names were fir ft given for diflinftion of Perfons, i'o Surnames for diftindion of Families. About Anno 1 cco. the french Nation began to take Sur¬ names with De prefist of a place, and Le prcfiy.tfor feme ether Qualifications; as at this day is their ufua! manner. The Englijh all'o took to thcmfclvcs Surnames, hut not ge¬ nerally by the common People, till the Reign of Edrrmd thclirfl. Great Offices of Honour have brought divers Surnames, as Edward fit^ Theobald, being long ago made Curler of Inland, the Duke of Ormond and his Anceftors defeended from him, took the S.rename of Butler-, fo John Counc tmfjcrville of Kormandr, being made Chamberlain to the King of England above hour Hundred Years ago, his De- feendenrs of Sherborn Cattle in Oxfcrdjhire, and of Prefi¬ lar) in Gheeihjhin-, from whom the Author hereof is de¬ fended, bear (fill the fame Coat of Arms, by the Name of C.hamberla\ne. At firfl, for Surnames, the Erglifii Gentry took the Marne of their Birth-place, or Habitation, as Temms of Afi on-, or Eajl 7 i»vn, jetn of Si,iron, or South Town, and as they altered their Habitation, fo they altered their Surname After, wh.cn they became Lords of Places, they called thcmfclvcs Thomas Afien of Ajhn, John Sutton of Sutton. The Saxon common Teople for Surname t, added their Fathers Name with fit t at the end thereof, as Thomas J.hnj-.n, Rolen Ridardfin. They alfo oft took their Fa¬ thers Nick-name , or Abbreviation with addition of s ; as Gibs, the Nick-name or Abbreviation of Gilbert, Bibs of Robert, Kiil^s of Nicholas, Bates of Bartholo¬ mew, Sams of Samuel, Hodges of Roger, Sander of Alex¬ ander, and thence alfo Gibfin, Hobfin, Kicksfm, Baffin, Samffin, 44 SEljc p;cfcnt j&tate' S.unpfon, Hoifin, Sanderfon, and Huschiafon, &c. Many alfo were furnamed from their Trade, as Smith, Joiner, Wa¬ ver, Walter, that is Fuller in Old Englidi ; and Goff, that is Smith in Welch, 8ec. Or from their Offices, as Forte,-, Steward, Shepherd, Carter, Spencer ; that is Steward, Coih, Butler, Kemp ; that is in old Englifh, Soldier; or from their place of abode, as Underwood, Underhill ; ah fo Atwood, Atwell, Athid ; which three lafl are fhrunk into Woods, Wells, Hills. Or from their Colour or ConipFxi- on, as Fail fax, that is Fair Loc{s : Pigot, that is Specif led ; Blunt, or Blund, that is Flaxen Hair : fo from Birds, as Arundel, that is Swallow ; Corbet, that is Rav n; Wren, Finch, Woodcock, &c. So from Eeafts, as Lamb, Fox, Mode, that is Mule. The Normans at their fird coming into Engine I, brought Surnames for many of their Gentry with de prefix'd, as the French Gentry doth generally at this day, and their Chridian Names were generally German ; they being o- riginally defcen.lcd from Nocw.tr, inhabited by Germans, And fome for about two bun lre .1 years after the Con- queit, took for Surnames their Fathers Chriflian Name, with Fit?, or Fils prefixr, as Robert Fitx-Wiiliam, Heart Fit^-Gerard, which is as much as WUliamfin, Gerard- fin, Sec- The B'irains, or Welflt more lately refined, did not take Surnames till of late years, an-J that for the mod part only by leaving out a in ap, and annexing the p to their Fathers Chriflian Names, as in dead of Evan ap Rice, now Evan Price ; fo indcad of ap Home!, Fowel ; ap Hugh, Pughe ; ap Rogers, Progers, &c. The mod ancient Families, and of bed account for Surnames iri England, are either tliofe that are taken from places in Normandt, and thereabouts in France, and from fome other Tranfmarine Countries, or clfe from places in England, and Scotland, as Evercux, Chaworth, Sci- mour, Nevil, Montague, Mohttn, Biron, Bruges, Clifford, Berkley, Ant, Stourton, Mir ley, Courtney, Graniifin, Ha- flings, See. which anciently had all de prefixt, hut of latter times generally negleffed, or made one word, as Devc- reux, Darcy, Sec. .of ENGLAND. 45 ©llijlifl) Computation-] In England at the beginning of Cliriliianity, they counted, as all other Chridians ac¬ cording to the then Roman account, by Olympiads, or fpacc of five years. Afterward;, (in the Reign of Conjlantine the fird Ch idian Empcrour) by Indiiiions , or fifteen years. At length, in the Reign of the Emperour ]u- llinian, 532 years after Chrift’s Incarnation, ('and not before ) all Chriflians generally began to account ab Anno Chrijli Incarnati; at which time one Diomfim Ex- iiiim or Abat, a worthy Raman, had finifh’d a Cycle for the obfervaticn of Eajler, which was then gene¬ rally received , and is ftill obferved by the Church of England, the ground whereof is this: The Venial E- finox, ar that time, was accounted to be the 21 of March, and by tonfequcncc tnufibe the earliefl full Mm, and then March the itb muff be the earliefl Mew Mem, and April the i8fi mull lie the Iarcfl Full Mm, which happening on a Sunday, (as it will when the I)o mirical Letter is C, and the Golden Humber 8.) then Eajler that year will be Afril 25. So when the A'eiv Mm lhall be on March 2. (asic will when the Dominical Letter is D. and the Golden Number is 16.) then Eajler will be on the 2 2 of March, as was in the year 1 568 . But the Romijh Church inventirg new Rules for finding of Eajler , it happens fometimes that their Eajier is full five weeks before ours, and fometimts with ours, but never after ours: for Pope Gregory the XIII. in the year 1582. having obferved, that upon exafl account, the year contained above 305. da\s, not full fix hours, (as had been from the time of Julius Cafar hitherto reckon¬ ed) but only 5 hours 46 minutes, and i6fecond;,andthis difference of almoll 11 minutes in the fpace of about 134 years maketh one whole day; which not confidcred fincc tile Regulation of Eajler, had brought back the year at lead ten days; infomuch, that the Vernal Equinox, which was at firll on the 21 of Mmch, was now on the 11 of March ; by reafon whereof, fometimes two Full Moons pad be¬ tween the Equinox and Eajler, contrary to the Primitive Inflitution thereof, which was, that Eajler fhould always be obferved tn the Sunday following the fird Full Moon after the Vernal Equinox, Pope Gregory then having ob¬ ferved Eljc JJjefcut &tatc ferved tliefc inconvenience', rcfolvcd at once to ta! way ten days; and that out of the Month of Oil by calling the fifth day thereof the fifteenth, and thai thac year thole hedivals which fell in chofc ten days, wl by reafen of the Vintage time, were but few, Ihouk celebrated upon the 15, 16, and 17 days of that me And chat the Equinox might ne'er ictrxede for tin ture, it was then provided, that every four hundred) three Bijjexti!c years fhould be left but, that is, in years 17CC, i8co, and tr.co: and fo again in : 2200, and 230c, leaving the year :ccoto have its B{ tile , and fo every 4cot/.’ Year. The r.nglijb Nation, as all other States that withd thcmfclves from under the Lifhep of Rotr.e'i ufurped thority, before thefaid year 1582, except Holland Ze.tl.wd, obferve flil! the ancienc account made by ], Cif.tr, 43 years before the Dirthof Ckrift •, and is tl: fore called the Old Stile, or Julian Accoata : the other ferved by thofcftill under the Rotf.jl Yoke, is callci New Stile, or Gregorian Acvir.t ; and is (by rcafoi the aforefaid ten days taken awavj ten days before t for the beginning of Month.', and for all fixe hcftivals ; various for all moveable heads. E.ijkr, and the other moveable heads in England, mod certainly thus found. SLi'ic-Tuffday is always firft Tuefday after the fird New Moon after Januar, the Sunday following is Qtt.tdragcjiir.it, and the dxth da) after is Eallcr-day ; and the fifth Sunday after Eaj. Rogation Sunday, and the Thurfday following, being f days after the Refumllm , is Ajcenjion-day •, Ten. days which, or fifty days after Eajl.r, is Pentecoj}, or 1 fnnday, and the Sunday following is T.initffunday, w •Computation of the Church of England, agrees all the Eajicrn Chridian Churches ; for they and we Eajier by the Rules which were generally received b Chridendom, Ann. $32. and ever fince, till 15?: it altered by the hope, as aforefaid ; and that was, Eafler-day fhould always be on the firft Sunday after firft full hull Moon after the 21 of March, which then the Vernal Equinox. Yet cannot it be denied, that this old Computation is become erroneous , fc of ENGLAND. 47 lies, two Eaflers will lx; obferved in one year, the year iddy. and not one Safer in another as in i6id. as this Author obferved formerly Propofols to the Parliament, concerning England: to reduce all to the fame order, as it was at the of thrift, that fo the Annuntiation or Conception r Saviour, may be at the Verna! Equinox, his Na- attl’.e Winter Solftice, and St. Jdm his forc-run- tl-.e Summer Solftice, as it ought to be, may eafi- cileflcd, if His Majefty pltafed to command, that the year id8i. forward, there may be omitted 15 cars: that is, let there be no more Dies mercalarcs c next fixty years to come, but that every year onfift of 505 days only, for thereby would the ic brought back juft 12 days, 11 hours, 6 minutes, fcconds: for the year confiding of 3*5 days, 5 49 minutes, and id fcconds, every fourth year put- a whole day, or 24 hours, there is put in too much minutes, and 55 fecond;, which by 418 Leap-years nee Chnfts Birth, have ihruft back our year juft ys, 11 hours, 6 minutes, and 8 fcconds. ■:r.t Sunday hatha peculiar Rule, and is always the Sunda 1 before Clmjlmas-dar, or the neared Sunday An.ire rs Day, whether before or after. : Year in England, according to the Cy.ks of the id Moon, and according to Almanacks, begins on the if January ; but the Englifh Church and State begins •ar from the Day of Chrijh Incarnation, vi{. on the if March ; which is alfo obferved in Spam: yet the uefe fas in divers Countries in Africa) begin their on the ajf/a of Airlift, the Venetians on the firft of , according to the Epa’h, the Grecians on thclong- y, as the old Romans did on the fliorteft day ; which ft feem to have mod rcafon, as beginning juft at the ictd Day of the Suns return. ; Natural Day confiding of Twenty Four Hours, is fn England, according to the Cuftom of the Egypti- ar * WwmBafilem fr DmiM qnatm Mtrimn, viz. Biitijb, German, Irijh, and Dacaledonian Seas ; and tames Anglsmm Bafilem omniumqne Regain, Iniulanuit, frne, Brumkm cimmmemt, cimHamnqnc Kathnun »•' cam ioch.dmf.tr, Im r c, at or {7 Dmihrau [The Modern Title more moded, is, Dei Gratia, of Ens>- ' Scotland, hrance and Ireland, King, Dejeuner oj' tile living is only Dei Gratia limply, ft. e.) from t'ne.fa- ,ot none but God; and theArchbidiop and Eifli D 2 t0 5i Etje $jcfcnt State to whom the Title is given, mud undcrftand, Dei Grating Regis, or Dei Gratia p volant ate Regis. Defender of the Paitb, was anciently ufeil by the Kings of England, as appears by fevcral Charters granted to the Univerfityof Oxford ; but in the Year 1521. more affsi by a Bull from Pope Leo the Tenth, for a Book written bj Henry the Eighth againft Luther, in defence of font Pointsof the Romijh Religion; but (ince continued by Aa of Parliament for defence of the Ancient, Catholicl^nni poftolical Faith. • Primogenim Ecclefia belongs to the Kings of Engkl, becaufe their Predeceffor Lucius was the firfi King in tilt World that embraced Chriftianity. Chriftianifftmtss was by the Lateran Council under Pops Julius the Second, conferred on the Kings of EnghrJ 1: the Fifth Year of Henry the Eighth, though before uftl by Henry the Seventh, and iince only by the Fraf. King. The Title of Grace was firfl given to the King aba: the time of Henry the Fourth; to Henry the Sixth, £w! lent Grace-, to Edmrdt.be Fourth, High and Mighty Prirtt] to Henry the Eighth, firfl Highnefs, then Majefly, and no; Sacred Majefty, after the Cuflom of the Eaftern Emperon that ufed 'A ynt Buctheld. The King of England in his Publick Tnfiruments and Let tersfiiles Himfelf Nos, We, in the Plural Number. Et fore King John 's time, Kings ufed the Singular Number! which Cuftom is ft ill feeninthe end of Writs, Tefterntf apud Weft. In fpeaking to the King is ufed often fbefides Tour M‘ yefty ) Syr, from Cyr, in the Greet; Kt/?, an Abbreviate of Ku j©- and Kvpjc, Dtuninm, mucli ufed to the CM Emperors; but Syr or Domine is now in England beccn the ordinary word to ad of better Rank, even from it King to the Gentleman. It was anciently in England § vento Lords, afterwards to Knights, and toClcrgy-m« prefixt before their Chriflian Names; now in that mans only to Baronets, and Knights of the Bath,, and Knights Be Mors-, yet in France, Syr, or Syre, is referred only ft their King. of ENGLAND. s; About the time that our Saviour lived on Earth, there was a Jewilh Scift, whofc Ringleader was one judas of Ga¬ lilee, mentioned Alls 5. 37. that would not give this Ti- I of Sir, or Dmimu to any Man; affirming, that it was opcr only to God, and (food ('not unlike oumew Fa- ■ici< called Quakers) fo pcrverfly for fuch Nominal Li- rty, (being in other Points nicer Pharijces) that noPe- kies could force them to give this Honorary Title to anv in, no, not to the Emperor; Vti videre ell apud Jofethum dm, fed hocobiter. ‘ £rm@.] Arms arc Enfigns of Honour horn in a icld for diflinftion of Families, and dcfcendable as teditary to Poflerity; but were not fixed generally in Wand nor Frame, till after the Wars in the My Land about 400 Years ago, unlefs it were in the King* 0! The Saxon Kings before the Conqueft bare Assure a Cmfs 'em between Four Martlets, Or. Afterwards the Ttanijh Kings Reigning in England, bare if Sam de Hans Gules, 3 Lins PnlTnnt Gardant Arm, After the Conqudf, the Kings of England bare’ Two ,’prds, horn firff by the Conqucrour, as Duke of Nor- mdy, till the time of Henry the Second, who in right r_ his Mother, annext her Paternal Coat, the Lm ofA- mi, which being of the fame Field, Metal, and Finn ith the Leopards, from thence forward they were iovntlv larfhalled in one Shield, and Blamed Three Lions a* at refent- ’ " king Edward the Third, in right of his Mother, claim "'ll the Crown of France ; with the Arm* of End™ quartered the Arms of France, which then were Ar-.a, tm-Flower-de-Luces Or ; afterwards changed to Tlirc lmr-de-luces-, whereupon Henry the Fifth of Eng/an afed the Engl,(I, Arms to be changed likewife. Kin ••mes upon the Union of England and Scotland, caufed tli '■mso Prance awl England to be quartered with Scot/an ml Ireland, and are thus blazoned : followed ^ Ws Enfi « n In the firft place Agure, Three Flo te/ Arms of France , quartered 'e-luces Or ; to the the lmperul En- 54 SElje j^efent State figns of England, which are Gules Three Lhns Pafint g,j dant in Pah' Or. In the fecond place, within a douX Trejjiire counter-Jlowred de lis Or, u Lion Rampant Gules, fo the Royal Arms of Scotland. In the third place, A^ure,i: Irifh Harp Or, ftringed Argent, for the R.oyal Enfigns t Ireland. In the fourth place , as in the firft. This Enfigns Armorial arc charged fince the Acceffion t King William to this Crown, with an Infcutcheon ti the Houfe of NajJau, which is Axure Semi-Billets, i Lim Rampant Or, Langued and Armed Gules. All within the Gaiter, the chief Enfign of that mod HonouraMt Order, above the fame an Helmet, anf'.verable to His Mt iefties Sovereign jurifdiftion ; upon the fame a rich Mot¬ tle of Cloth of Gold doubled Ermin , adorned with as Imperial Crown, and lurmounted for a Creft by a lit Pajj'ant Gardant, Crowned with the like; fupported byi La jii Rampant Gardant Or, Crowned as the former, and « Unicorn Argent Gorged, with a Crown, thereto a Chic atfixt, palling between his fore-legs, and reticx’d over!;; back Or ; both (landing upon a Compartment placed under¬ neath, and in rhe Tabic of the Compartment His Majdlio Koval Motto, Vieu & mon Droit. The Supporters ufed before the Union of England as! Scotland, were the Dragon and Lion. .The Arms of France placed firft, for that France is the gteater Kingdom; and becaufe from the firfl bearing, theft Flowers have been always Enfigns of a Kingdom ; where! the Arms of England were originally of Dukedoms, as a- forefaid, and probably bccaufe thereby the ErcnrAmight be the more eafily induced to acknowledge the Enghf Title. The Motto upon the Garter, Honi joit qui mal y ptrfi; that is, Shame be to him that evil thereof thinlpeth, n firfl given by King Edward the Third, the Founder of that Order; and that none might believe his Dcfign the© was any other than juft and honourable, he caufcd theft words to be wrought in every Garter that lie beftowed VVhereof more in the Chapter of the Knights of ta Garter. The Motto Dick ^ men Droit ; that is, God «■ my Right , was firfl given by Richard the Firfl, to it timatt of ENGLAND. j, tiraatc, that the King of England holdeth his Empire nor in VillallJge of any Mortal Man, but of God only ; and afterward taken up by Edward the Third, when lie firfl claimed the Kingdom of France. This Motto hath been continued till the coming in of King William the Third, now reigning; who always ufed this following Motto, Je maiatiendras, I will maintain; and hath com' minded, that it (lull henceforth be placed fometimes in the room, and in the place of the former Motto ; vet tint this former Motto (hill be ufed in. the Eroad Seal, and elfewhere. The Device of a PortailH< of a Caflle, yet to be fecn in many places, was the Badge or Cog- nizancc of the Beaufvtt, Sons of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancafler, becaufe they were born at his Cattle of Beau- fat in France. iDnmimcW'f.] The undent D'wimm of the Kings of Englanl, were firfl England, and all the Seas round about Gnat Britain and Ireland, and all the Ides adjacent, even to the Shores of all the Nc'ghbouring Nations; and oar Law faith, the Sea is of the Lcigeame of the King, aiwcllas the Land ; and as a mark thereof, all Ships of Fireigners have anciently demanded leave to Filh, and pafs- inthcfeSeas; and do at this dav lower tlieit Topjaili to all the King’s Ships of War; and therefore Children born upon thofe Seas (as it fometimes hath hapnedj are ac¬ counted Natural born Subjefl; of the King of England, and need no Naturalization, as others born our of His Do- To England, Henn the Firfl annexe Normandy, and Hairy the Second Ireland, being fliled only Lord of Ire- hi, till 33 H. 8. although they had all Kingly Jurifdifti- on before. Henry the Second alfo annext the Dukedoms of Guien and An)m, the Counties of PoiHw, Toitrain, and JHayn ; Ed¬ vard the Firfl all Wales, and Edward the Third the Right, though not the I’offedion of all France. King James added Scotland, and fince that time there hive been fuperadded fundry confiderable Plantations in America. The Dominions of the King of England, are at this day in pofleifion (befidcs bis jufl Right and Title to the D 4 King- of ENGL’AN-D. 57 divers Counties there are many Parly, Caflles, or Palaces and Forefts, ftill belonging to His Majefty, for to receive and divert Him, when He (hall pleafe in his Royal Pro- grcffes to vifit thofe parts: A Grandeur not to be parallels perhaps by any King in the whole World. The certain Revenues of the Kings of England, were anciently greater chan of any King in Europe, they enjoying in Domains and Fec-Farm-Rencs, almoft enough to dil- charge all the ordinary Expences of the Crown, withouc any Tax or Import upon the Subjeft. Upon the happy Reftauration of King Charles the Se¬ cond, the Lords and Commons aflemblcd in Parliament, finding the Crown-Revenues much alienated, and the Crown-charges exceedingly increafed, by reafon of the late vaft Augmentation of the Revenues and ftrengih by Sea and Land, of our two nexc Neighbour-Nations a- broad, and of the many Faftions, Mutinous and Rebel¬ lious Spirits at home, did unanimoufly conclude, that for the Peace and Security, for the Wealth and Honour of the King and Kingdom, it would be necelfary to Set¬ tle upon His Majerty a yearly Revenue of Twelve hun¬ dred thoufand Pounds; and accordingly, with the Kings confent, at the humble requeft of the Lords and Com¬ mons, there was ertablifhcd by Imports, upon Imported and Exported Goods, upon Liquors drank in England, and upon Fire-Hearths, fo much as was judged would bring up - the former impaired Crown Revenues to the faid Sum. Notwichllanding which, the whole yearly Revenues of the King of England, are not above the twelfth part of the Revenues of his Kingdom; whereas the King of France hath yearly above One hundred and fifty millions of Livers ; that is, above Eleven Millions of Pounds Ster- ling, and above a Fifth part of the whole Revenues of France. And thepublick Revenue of the United Nether¬ lands, coming all out of the Subjefls Purfes, are near Seven Millions of Pounds Sterling. If this Revenue of our King, be truly paid to the King, and brought into the King’s Exchequer (that great Sea, whertinco fo many Rivers and Rivulets empty themfeives, and from whence arc exhaled by the Sun thofe kind va¬ pours, wherewith it watcrech this whole Land, and D 5 v,\\ctc- 58 K\)t $}efcnt State whereby all his Majefties Land and Sea-Forces (by whofe vigilance we deep quietly in our Beds) are maintained ; and whereby do fubfift the feveral Courts of the King, and Royal Family, (by which the Honour and Splendor of this Nation is preferred ) the feve- ral Ambalfadors abroad, Great Officers (of the Crown, and Judges at home, ire.') If this Revenue be truly paid and brought into the Exchequer, it is fure, that in all Europe, there is no one Treafury, that with lefs deceit, or lefs charge of Officers, proportionably, doth rc-imburfe the fame. It was complained by H. 4. of France, Sue lei difpem que faifyent les Officiers ie /’ Efpargne monto)ent a plus qut la Taide ; That the Charges of the Exchequer-Office ex¬ ceeded the Income •, and there were then Thirty thou- fand Officers to colleft and wait on the Revenues ; where¬ as there cannot be any other juft complaint in England, but only that the neceflary Charges of the Crown are of late fo great, that the King’s fetled Revenue cannot de- fray them; and yet too many of his Subjefts grudge to have thofe Revenues augmented, looking upon every little payment through a Magnifying Glafs, whereby it appears a great grievance, and never making ufe of thofe FrofpeHiveGIqffes, (Moral and Civil Science) whereby they might fee afar off theCalamity that is coming on like an armed Man, and cannot without fuch Payments be pre- The King of England’s Revenues were never railed by any of thofe fordid, bafe ways, ufed in other Countries, as by fale of Honours, fale of Magiftracies, fale of Offi¬ ces, of Juftice and Law, fale of Licenfes to thofe that will fet up Mafter of any Trade, by Merchandizing, by a general Import upon all manner of Vifhials and Clothes, by Puertos fecoi, or Import upon all Goods, at the en¬ trance into any Inland Country, or Inland City ; by Pen- fions from Confederates, upon pretence of Protefii- on, &c. Eut the Revenues of the King of England, confilh either in Demefns, fas afore) or in Lands belonging 1 to the Principality of Wales, Dutcliy of Cornval, and Dut- chy of Lancajler y in Tenths and Firft-Fraits, in Reliefs, Fines, of ENGLAND: *9 Fines, Amercements, and Confifcacions; but more tfpe- cially of late, in thofe few Imports aforementioned. jbfreiljjtl).] The mighty Power of the King of Eng- Unit, before the Conjunction of Scotland, and total Sub- jeftion of Inland, which were ufually at enmity with him, was notorioufly known to the World, and fuffici- ently felt by our Neighbour-Nations. What his Strength hath been fincc, was never fully tryed by King Janies or King Charles the Firft, their Parliaments and People ha¬ ving upon all occafions been refrafto y,-and-thwarting thole good Kings defigns: but now, that the Pariiaments- of all the Three Kingdoms feem to vie, which (h ill more readily comply with their Sovereigns Delires and De¬ figns, it is not eafieto comprehend what mighty things His Majefty now Reigning,might attempt and effect. But let him beconfidered abrtrattly as King only of England, which is like a huge Fortrefs, or Garifoned Town, fenced, not on¬ ly with ftrong Works, her Port-Towns, with a wide and deep Ditch the Sea, but guarded alfo with excellent Out¬ works, the ftrongefl and beft built Ships of War in the World; then fo abundantly furnifh’d within with Men- and Horfe, with Viftuals and Ammunition, with Clothes- and Money, thac if all the Potentates of Europe (hould- ronfpire, (which God forbid)-they could hardly dillrefs it. Her home-bred Wares are fufjicient to maintain her, and nothing ; hr her home-bred Wars enough to dejlroy her. This for the defenfive ftrength of the King of Eng¬ land-, now for his Offenfive Puiffance. How formidable muft he be to the World, when they (hall underhand- that the King of England is well able, whenever he is willing, toraife of Engliflo-Men, Two Hundred Thoufand, and of Englifb-Horfe, Fifty thoufand, (for fo many, du¬ ring the late Rebellion, were computed to be in Arms on both fidcs) yet (which is admirable) fcarcc any mifs of them in any City, Town or Village; And when they (hall confider, that the Valiant and Martial Spirit of the- Englijh, their Natural Agility of Body, their Patience, Hardinefs, and Stedfaftncl's is l'uch, and their fear of Death fo little, that no Neighbour-Nation, upon equal Number and Terms, 1 , fcarcc durft ever abide Battle with them, cither at Sea or at land: When they (hall confider, 6 o 2E!je pjcfcnt £>tate that for tranfporcing of an Army, the King of J tying hath at command near Two Hundred excellent Ships of War; andean hire Two Hundred flout Englifli Merchant Ships, little inferiour to Ships of War; that he can foon Man the fame with the bell Sea-Soldiers (if not the bell Mariners) in the whole World. ’ And that for maintain¬ ing fuch a mighty Fleet, fufficiene Money for a competent time may he raifed only by a Land-Tax, and for a long time, by a moderate Excife, and that upon fuch Com¬ modities only as Naturally occafion Excefs or Luxu¬ ry, Wantonnefs, Idlenefs, Pride, or Corruption of Man¬ ners. In a word, when they fhall confider, that by the moft commodious and advantageous Situation of England, the King thereof (if he be not wanting to himfelf, or his Subjefls wanting to him) mud be Mader of the Sea, and that as on Land, whofoever is Mader of the Field, is alfo faid robe Mader of every Town, when it (hallpleafe him: fo he that is Mader of the Sea, may be faid , in fomc fort, to be Mader of every Countrey, at lead bordering upon the Sea ■, for he is at Liberty to begin or end a War, where, when, and upon what Terms he pleafeth, and to extend his Conqueds even to the Antipodes. 33 et'fon.] Rex Anglia eft Perfina mixta turn Sneer dote, fay our Lawyers: He is a Pried as well as a King. He is anointed with Oyl, as the Prieds were at fird, and afterward the Kings of Ifrael, to intimate that his Perfon is Snored and Spiritual: and therefore at the Coronation hath put upon him a Sacerdotal Garment, called the Dalmatica , otColobim , and other Pricdly Veds; and before the Re¬ formation of England, when the Cup in the Lord’s Sup¬ per was denied to the Laity, the King, as a Spiritual Per¬ fon, received in both hinds: He is capable of Spiritual jwifdiftion , of holding of Tptbes ; all Extra Parochial Tpthes, fome Proxies, and other Spiritual Profits, belong to the King, of which Lay-men, both by Common and Can¬ non Law, are pronounced uncapable. He is an External Bijhop of the Church ; as Conjlantine, the Emperour, faid of himfelf, ’'E-ja $ r h.-ns uni ©s? rue- St sattfwSKEtnjy.oV©' av etpu : But I am conflicted Biflitf r External things of the Church, of ENGLAND, 61 Rex idem Iminum Phxbique Sacerdoi. He is botli Prince and Pried, as the fame word is ufed ; for both in the Hebrew and Britifh Tongues. He is, as the Roman Emperours, Chriftian as well as Heathen, Ailed themfelves Pontifex Max. He is the Su¬ preme Paflor of England, and hath not only Bight of Ec- dtliaAical Government, but alfo of cxercifmg fome Ec- tleiiaAical Funftion, fo far as Solomon did, i Kings 8. when he blelfed the People, confecratcd the Temple, and pro¬ nounced that Prayer which is the Pattern now for Confe- cration of all Churches and Chappels; but all the MiniAe- rial Offices are lefc to the Bi/hops and Priefis, as the Admi- niftration of Sacraments, Preaching, and other Church- Offices and Duties, Of this Sacred Perfon of the King, of the Life and Safe- i; thereof, the Laws and Cuftomsof England are fo ten¬ der, that they have made it High Treafon only to imagine or intend the Death of the King. And becaufe by ima¬ gining, or confpiring the Death of the King’s Counfeliors, or Great Officers of his Houlhold, the delfruftion of the King hath thereby fometimes enfued, and is ufualy aim¬ ed at, (lairli Star. 3 H. q.) that alfo was made Felony, to bepunilh’d with Death, although in all other Cafes Ca¬ pital the Rule is, Volmtar non lepntabitw pro folio ; and an Englijh-man may not in other Cafes be punifh’d with Death, unlcfs the Aft follow the intent. The Law of England hath fo high EAeem of the King’s Ferfon, that to offend againft thofe Perfons, and thofe things that reprefent his Sacred Perfon, as to kill fome of the Crown-Officers, or to kill any of the King’s Judges, executing their Office, or to counterfeit the King’s Seals, or his Monies, is made High Treafon ; becaufe by all thefe the King’s Perfon is reprefented: and High Treafon is, in the Eye of the Law, fo horrid, that be- fe lot's of Life and Honour, Real and Perfonal Eftate of the Criminal, his Heirs alfo arc to lofe the fame for ever, ad to he ranked amonglf the Peafantry and Ignoble, till K King lira!! pleafe by Aft of Parliament to reftore them. &1 enim U:m grree crimen (faith Brallon) ut vix permitta- 6 i K\)t $jcfent State tur limdibns quodvivant, High Treafon is fo grcivous i Crime, tharthe Law not concent with the Life; and Eftate, and Honour of the Criminal, can hardly endure co fee his Heirs furvivehim. And rather than Treafon againfl the King’s Perfon dial go unpunifhed, the Innocent in fome Cafes (hail be pa- nilhed: For if an Ideoc or Lunatick (who cannot be faid to have any Will, and fo cannot offend) during his Ideo- cy or Lunacy, (hall kill, or go about to kill the King, he (hall be punifhed asaTraytor; and yet being Non comy.i mentis, the Law holds that he cannot commit Felony or l’t- tic-Treafon, nor other forts of High-Trcafon. Moreover, for the precious regard of the Perfon of the King, by an ancient Record it is declared, That no ftp fici ought to be adminiflred to Him, without good War¬ rant, this Warrant to be Signed by the Advice of His Council; no other Phyficians but what is mentioned in the Warrant, to adminifler to Him ; the Phyficians to prepare all things with their own Hands, and not by the Hands of any Apothecary ; and to ufe the al¬ liance-only of fuch Cbyrurgeons, as are preferred in the Warrant. And fo precious is the Perfon and Life of the Kiip, that every Subject is obliged and bound by his Allegi¬ ance, to defend His Perfon in His Natural as well as Po!itit{ Capacity, with his own Life and Limbs ; wherefore the Law faith, That’the Life and Member of every Subjefl, is at the Service of the Sovereign. .He is Pater Patrit , is cklce erit pro Pane Patrix mori : to lofe Life or Limb, i) defending him from Confpiracies, Rebellions, or Invi- lions; or aflifiing him in the Execution of his Laws, fhould feem a pleafanc thing to every Loyal-Hearted Subject. £)fftce.] The Office of the King of England , in the Laws of King Edward the Confeffir, is thus defcriM Rex quia Vicar'm fiunmi Regis eft, ad hoc conftituitur « Regnnm terremtm fo poputnm Domini, fo fnper omnia S® Ham Ecclcfiam eyas veneretur, regat, fo ab injuriofis deft dat: And (according to the Learned FortefcneJ is, 'Pup nare bella populi fu fo eat retlifftme judicare, to fight thi Battels of his People, and to fee Right and Julticc dom unto them. 01 of ENGLAND. 6; Or (according to another.) it is to Proteft and Go¬ vern his People, fo that they may (if pofTible) lead Quiet and Peaceable Lives in all Godlinefs and Honefty under him. Or more particular, fas is promifed at the Coronati¬ on) to preferve the Rights and Priviledges of the Church and Clergy , the Royal Pretogatives belonging to the Crown, the Laws and Cufloms of the Realm, todo Juftice, (hew Mercy, keep Peace and Unity, igrc. $otofr anh^rrocjatibf.] The King for the bet¬ ter performance of this great and weighty Office, hath certain Juni Majefiatit, extraordinary Powers, Pre-emi¬ nences, and Priviledges inherent in the Crown, called anciently by Lawyers Sacra Sacrorum , and Flower: of the Crown, but commonly Royal Prerogatives ; whereof Lome the King holds by the Law of Nations, others by Com¬ mon Law, (excellent above all Laws in upholding a free Monarchy, and exalting the King’s Prerogative) and fomc by Statute-Law. The King only, and the King alone, by his Royal Prero¬ gative, hath Power, without Aft of Parliament, to declare War , mahe Peace, fend and receive Ambajfadors , ms\e leagues andtrearie: with any Foreign States, give Commifji- vts for levying Men and Arms by Sea and Land, or for prelling Men, if need require, difpofingof all Magazines, Ammunition, Caftlef, Portreffes, Ports, Havens, Ships of War, and Publicly Moneys-, appoint the Metal, Weight, Pu¬ rity and Value thereof, and by his Proclamation make any Fo¬ reign Coyn to be lawful Money of England. By his Royal Prerogative may of his meer Will and Pleafure, Convolve, Adjourn, Prorogue, Remove, and Diffolve Parliaments ; may to any Bill pafled by both Houfes of Parliament, refufe to give (without rendring any Rea- fon) His Royal Ajfent, without which a Bill is as a Body without a Soul. May at his pleafure increafe the Num¬ ber of the Members of both Houfes, by creating more Barons, and bellowing Priviledges upon any other Towns, to fend Burgeffes to Parliament. Hath alone the Choice and Nomination of all Commanders, and other Officers at Land and Sea; the Choice and Nomination of all Magi¬ strates, Counfelhrs, and Ojftcers of State: of ail Bifiopt, e.t- fwre-Tme, (that is, Money, Gold, Silver, Plate or Bnllk , found, and the Owners unknown) belongs to the King i fo all Wayfs, Strap, Wrecks, not granted away by him, or any former Kings; all Wafte Ground, or Land recovered from the Sea; all Land of Aliens, dying before Naturalist- lion, or Denization, and all things whereof the property is not known. All Gold and Silver Mines, in whofe Ground foever they are found ; Royal Fifties, as Wkalet, Sturgeont, Dolphins, See. Royal Fowl, as Swans not mark’d, and fWim- ming at liberty on the River, belong to the King. of ENGLAND. 67 In the Church, the Kings Prerogative and Power is ex¬ traordinary great. He only hath the Patronage of all Bi- jhfikks, none can he chofen but by his Conge op~icl(_, or other Eccleftaftical Benefice - , but alfo, by His letters Patents, may ereli new Bijhopridrt ; as Henry the Eighth did fix at one time; and the late King Charles the Martyr intended to do at St. Albans, for the Honour of the firft Mart-.r of England, and for contrafting the too large extent of the Bijhpiick of Lincoln - , may alfo ereft new Arclibifljopriclzs, Patriarchates, fee. In the Twenty Eighth of Elizabeth, when the Houfeof Commons would have parted Bills touching Bifhops grant¬ ing Faculties, conferring Holy Orders, Eccleftafhcal Cen¬ tres, the Oath Ex Officio, Non-Refidcncy, fee. The Queen, much inccnfed, forbad them to meddle in any Ecckfiafti- cal Affairs, for that it belonged to her Prerogative. The King hath Power to pardon the Violation of Eccle- fiallical Laws, or to abrogate fuel) as are unfitting or ufe- lefs; co difpcnce with the Rigour of Ecclefrajiical Laws ; and with any thing that is orAy ^Prohibitum ir malum per accident, (y non-rnalum in fe. As for a Ballard to be a Prieft, for a Prieft to hold two Benefices, or to fucceed his Father in a Benefice, or to be Non Reftdent, of ENGLAND. sr@' : F'E.mtryj>7mr, and for his Supcrincendency over the whole Church hath the Tenths and Firft Fruits of all Ecclefiaftical Benefices. The King hath the Supreme Right of Patronage through all England, called Patronage Paramount, over all the Re- clefial Eenefices of England ; fo that if the mean Patron asaforefaid, prefentnot in due time, nor the Ordinary, nor Metropolitan, the Right of Prclcntation comes to the King, beyond whom it cannot go. The King is Lord Paramount, Supreme Landlord of all the Lands of England ; and ail Landed Men are mediately, or immediately his Tenants, by fome Tenure or other: for no Man in Eng¬ land, buc the King, hath Adoditmt fo directum Dominium, the foie and Independent Property or Domain in any Land. He that hath the Fee, the Jm Perpetuum and mile Dominium, is obliged to a Duty to his Sovereign for it: fo it is not /imply his own, he muff fwear Fealty to fome. Superior. The Kingjs. Summits Tot’ms Regni Anglicani Jujiiciamt, Supreme Judge, or Lord Chief Jujlice of all England-. He is the Fountain from whence ail Juftice is derived, no Subjeft having here, as in France, Haute Atyenne fo baffi Jujlice. He alone hath the Sovereign Power in the Ad- tnirifiration of ]uftice, and in the execution of the Law, and whatfoever Power is by him committed to o- tlicrs, the dernier refit is Hill remaining in himlelf, fo that he may fit in any Court, and take Cognizance of any Caufeg (asunticntly Kings fate in the Court, now called til c Kings Bench-, Hcr.rp the Third in his Court of Exche¬ quer ; and/Zenr; the Seventh; and King Jawcr fometimes in the Star-Chamber) except in Felonies,. Trcafons, foe, wherein the King being Plaintiff, and fo Party, he fits not perfonally in Judgmenr, but doth perform it by Delegates, From the King of England there lies no Appeal in Rc- clefiafiical Affairs to the Eifiiop of Rome, as it doth of ENGLAND. 7r in other Principal Kingdoms of Empt ; nor in Civil Affairs to the Emperor, asinfomc of the Spani(b, and other Do¬ minions of Cbrijiendam : nor in either to the People of, England, fas fomcof late have dreamed) who, in them- Pelves, or by their Reprefentatives in the Houfe of Com¬ mons in Parliament, were ever Subordinate , and never Euperiour, nor fo much as co-ordinate to the King of Itil.md. The King being the only Sovcraign, and Supream Head, jfnrnifhcd with plenary Power, Prerogative and Jurif- iiftion, to render Juflicc to every Member within his Dominions; whereas Pome Neighbour-Kings do want a : ull Dower to do Juflice in all Caufcs, to all their Subjefts, irto punifii all Crimes committed within their own Do- sinions, cPpccially in Caufes Eedefmftical. In a word, Rex Anglit nemincm baht in fuk Dominiis Su- them necParem,fed omnes fubilh,ille fubnulhnifi tantim ii Dei a quo fecundm, pofl quern primus, ante omnes tfo Juper met (in juts ditonibiu) Deos fo Homines. ©ibillifp.J The Title of Dii, or Gods, plurally, is iften in Holt Writ, by God himfelf, attributed to Great ’rimer; both bccaufc as Gods Picarr or Vice Dei upon sartli, they reprefent the Majcfty and Power of the God f Heaven and Earth, 'and to the end, that the people iijlit have fo much the higher Elicem, and more rcvc- tnd awfulncfs of them; for if that fails, all Order fails, dJ thence all Impietr and Cal,unit follows in a Nation. Frequently in the Ci-.il-Law thofe Divine Titles, Kumen, 'i-Kuhim, Sacratijjbmn, See. were given to the Empcrours.- lorcover, the Subfiancc of the Titles of God wasufedby lie ancient Chriftian Empcrours, as Dir kit,it nojh-.i fo Itenitas nojlra, Bor. as imperfectly and analogically in lem, though eilentially and perfectly only in God; and icgood Chrifbar.s of thole times, out of their Exccfs of elpeft, were wonttofwcurby the Mijcrtyot the F.mpe- :ur, (as Jo,iph was wont to (wear by the Life of Phara- ’)J and Vegetut, a Learned Writer of that Age, feems Mlftilieit: Nam Impel atori (ihitli liej tanquam prxfcnti I npvali Deo tideU ejl pi Jlanda Devttio, fo pintgil irn- tienditt famitiatitr, Deo enim Icniniu atm fideltter dili- m cum, qui Deo regnat Autire, Eor a faithful Devotion 7 i 2CIj e $jefcnt to the Emperour, as to a Corporeal God upon Eartli, ought to be performed, and a very diligent Service to bt paid: for then we truly fetve God, when’with a Loyal Afleftion we love him whom God hath placed to Reign over us. ' So the Laws of England looking upon the King as Gil upon Earth, do attribute unto him divers Excellencies that belong properly to God alone, as Juftice in the Ab- ftraft, Rex Anglia non potefi cuipuam injuriam facere. So alfo Infallibility, Rex Anglia non pot eft errare. And as Gd is perfeft, fo the Law will have no imperfeftion found is the King. No Negligence or Laches, no Folly, no Infamy, to Stain or Corruption of Blood ; for by taking of the Crown, all former, though juft Attainders (and fuch Attainder made by AH of Parliament) is ipfofallo purged No Nonage or Minority; for his Grant of Lands, though held in his Natural, not Politick Capacity, cannot be i- voided by Nonage: Higher than this the Law attribu- teth a kind of Immortality to the King, Rex Anglit n moritur ; his Death is by Law termed the Demife of the King, bccaufe thereby the Kingdom is demifed to another, He is faid not fubjeft to Death, becaufe he is a Corpo¬ ration of himfelf, that liveth for ever, all Interregna beicj in England unknown; the fame moment that one Kit; dies, the next Heir is King fully and abfolutelv, with¬ out any Coronation, Ceremony, or Aft to be done It pojl fatlo. Moreover, the Law feemeth to attribute to the King! certain Omniprefencp ; that the King is in a manner even where, in all his Courts of Juftice-, and therefore canm be Non-fuired (as Lawyers fpeakj in all his Palaces, ad therefore all Subjefts (land bare in the Prefence-Chambei wherefoever the Chair of State is placed, though tb King be many Miles diflam from thence. And his May fties good Subjefts ufually bow towards the faid CM when they enter into the Prefence-Chamber, or into u* Houfe of Lords in Parliament. He hath a kind of Vniverfal Influence over all his Dona nions, every Soul within his Territories may be faid tt feel at all times his Power and his Goodnefs, Omnium D) Of ENGLAND. mot ReguVigtliadeftendit, Omnium Otim Mini Labor, Om- tim delicks illim Indujlria, Omnium vacationem iU'tys Oecupa- So a kind of Omnipotency , that the King can, as it tvcre, raife Men from Daatli to Life, by pardoning them whom ! the Law hath condemned ; can create to the highcfl Dig¬ nity, as Lord Chancellor, LordTreafurer,Scc. and annihilate the fame at pleafnre. Divers other Semblances of the Eternal Deity belong to the King. He, in his own Dominions, (as God ) faith, Vin- JiUa eft mih'r, for all punifhments do proceed from him, fn fome of his Courts of Juftice, and it is not lawful for any Sabjcft to revenge himfclf. 1 So he only can be Judge in his own Caufe, though he de¬ liver his j udgment by the mouth of his Judges. And yet there arc fome things that the King of England cmnot do. Rex Anglic nihil injufte poteSl, and the King cannot divert himfclf, or his Succcffors, of anv part of jins Regal Fobw, Prerogative and Authority^ inherent and inrext to the Crown: Not that there is any defect in the Kings Power, (as there is none in Gods Power, thoupli he cannot lye, nor do any thing that implies Contradicti¬ on:,) Not but that the King of England hath as abfolutc a Power over all his Subjefts, as any Ciirirtian Prince ightfully and lawfully hath, or ever had: Not but that ie (till hath a kind of Omnipotency , not to be difputed, mt adored by his Subjefts. Nemo quidem de fallii cj;n ttfumat difputare (faith Bratton J multo mints contra falittm •Mire, namdeChartU dy FaSUejits non debent nee piQiwt Mictarn, multi minus priv.ita perfine, difputme. But there are alfo divers things which tiic King cannot !0, Salvo Jure, Salvo Juramento, fo [alia Conjdentia fua-, ecaufc by an Oath at his Coronation, and indeed witli- k any Oath, by the Law of Nature, Nations, and of itlJiMnity, lie holds himfclf hound ( as do all other •hrirtian KingsJ to preteft and defend his People, to io Jufticc, and rtiew Mercy, to preferve Peace and Oui- tnefs amongft them; to allow them their juft Rights and Joerties; to confcnt to the Repealing of bad Laws, and otlie Enafting of good Laws. Two things cfpecially k King of England doth not nfually do without the cor.- J&tate on of DifaSeftion towards the King, Qhe Breath of on Noftrils, and the Light of our Eyes, as he is (hied in ffsly Scrbtm) might be avoided, it was wifely contrived by SffiftK that for both theft, fliould Petitions and KiJJte by the Ordinary known Laws «d CaftansjolMthis Land, (" as the Great GOD doth the World by theta of Nature - ) yet, in fome Cafes, for the benefit, no, di- mage of tins Realm, they make ufeof their Fnrogntm, ast^e KING of Kingi doth of his extraordinary power feendent Excellencies, no King in Cbriftendom, nor other Potentate, receives from his Subjefts more Rcwrente. ft mr and Rifped, than the King of England. _ AU hsto pk at their firft Addreffes kneel to him; He is at all on Fived upon the Knee i all Perfons ^ot the Prince, o o h Heirapparent excepted) ftand bare in the Pref the Krnk and in the Prefence-Chamber, though in the £fabfcnce, all Menare not only tare, but alfo do or ought to do Reverence to the Chair of State. Only sa»’SS5iia?* a ‘ i - ^ Anl thing or Aft done in the King's Prefence, is prf fumed to be void of all deceit, and evil meaning, a j therefore a Fine levied in the King's Court , where he K isprefumedto be prefent, doth bind a Fester r, a« ried Woman, and others, whom ordinarily the Law doth difeble to tranfafl. jht cf ENGLAND. 7 j The King's only, Teftimony of any tiling done in his Prefence, is of as high a Nature arid Credit, as any Re- aid j and in all Writs fent forth for the difpatch of ]u- Ilice , he ufech no other Witnefs but himfelf, Tejie »#• CHAP. V. Of Succejfm to the Crown of England, end of the Kings Minority, Incapacity, arid Abftnce. T HE King of England hath right to the Crown by In¬ heritance, and tlic Laws and Cuftoms of England- Upon the Death of the King, the next of kindred, though born out of the Dominions of England, or born of Parents, not Subjefts of England, ashy the Law, and ma¬ ny Examples in the Englijb Hijhries, it doth manifeftly appear, is, and is immediately King, before any Pro¬ clamation, Coronation, Publication, or Confcnc of Peers or People. The Crown of England defeends from Father to Sen and his Heirs: for want of Sons, to the Elded Daughter, and her Heirs: for want of Daughter, to the Brother and his Heirs: and for want of Brother, to the Sifter and her Heirs. The Salique Law, or rather Cuftom of. France, hath here no more force tlian it had anciently among the Jews, or now in Spain, and other Chriftian Hereditary Kingdoms. Among Tiirks and Barbarians, that French Cu¬ ftom is ftill, and ever was in ufe, In cafe of Defcentof the Crown (contrary to the Cu¬ ftom of tile Defcent of the Eftates among Subjefts J the Half Blood (hall inherit; fo from King Edward the Sixth, the Crown and Crown-Lands defended to Queen Mat] of the Half Blood, and again to Queen Elizabeth of the Half blood, to the laft Polfeffor. At the Death of every King, die not only the Offices of the Court, but allCommiffions granted to the Judges dm an- fefenr c/rrcfro, and of all Judiccs of Peace, E a S©i* 7$ 2C!je ^jcfcut &tate ffi)inO}itP-J During the Minority of the King of Er>- Iml, whatfoever is enafled in Parliament, he may after¬ wards, at the Age of 24 revoke, and utterly null by !ii> Letters Patents, under his Great Seal, and this by Slat. s 3 ^ IftiieKwgbe likely to leave his Crown to an Infant, ke doth ufually by Teftamenr, appoint the perlon or perfons that lhall have the tuition of him -, and fometimes for want of fuclt appointment, a fit pcrfonof the Nobility or Eilhops is made choice of by the Three States affembled in die Name of the Infant King, who by Nature or Alliance hath mod Intereft in the prefervatien of the Life and Au¬ thority of the Infant, and to whom lead benefit can ac¬ crue by his Death or Diminution ; as the Uncle by the iff:- tber fide, if the Crown come by the Father, and fo tin •unfit, is made Protcftot: So during the Minority of El- ward the Sixth, his Uncle by the Mothers fide, the Duke cf Somerfet, had the Tuition of him, and was called Protechr, and when this Rule hath not been obferved (as in the Mino¬ rity of Edward die Fifth) it hath proved of ill confc- quence. aincmcitv.] If the King of England be Non comp 1 mentii, orbyreafonof an incurable Difeafc, Weaknefs,® Old Age, become uncapable of Governing, then is made a flegent, ProteSor, or Guardian to Govern. Ring Edward the Third, being at lad aged, frk and weak, and, by grief, for the Death of the Black. Print , fore broken in Body and Mind, did, of his own Will, create his Fourth Son, John Duke of Lancajier, Guardian, or Re¬ gent of England. IlhfenCE.] If the King be abfent upon any Foreign Expedition, or otherwife, (which anciently was very t- fuaU theCudomwas toconditute a Vicegerent by Com- million, under the Great Seal, giving him feverai Title, and Powers, according as the Neceflity of Affairs have re¬ quired; fometimes he hath been called Lord Warden, ct Lord Keeper of the Kingdom, and therewith hath had the general Power of a King, aswas-praftifed, during the ab¬ sence of Edward the bird, Second, and Third, and of Henry the Fifth -• but Henry the Sixth, to the Title of Warden or Guardian, added the Stile of ProteSor of th of ENGLAND. 77 Kingdom, and of rhe Church of England, and gave him fo greac Power in hisabfence, that he was tantum non Rex, (waving the Scepter, but not wearing the Crown ; exe¬ cuting Laws, fummoning Parliaments under his own Tejie, as King, and giving his A dent to Bills in Parliament, whereby they became as binding as any other A&s. • Sometimes during the King's Ablcncc, the Kingdom hath been committed to the care of fevcral Noblemen, and fometimes of Bilbop:-, as lefs dangerous for attempting any Ufurpation of the Crown: fometimes to one Bilhop, as Hub.rt, Archbilhop of Canterbury , was Vice-Roy of England for many years; and when Edward the Third was in Flanders, though his Son, then but Nine years old, had the Name of Frotefltir, John Stratford, Archbifhop of Ot¬ ic,(107, was Governour both of the King's Son, and of the Realm; foK- Henry the Firft, during hisabfence, (which was fometimes three or four years together; ufually conftr- tuted Roger, that famous Eilhop of Salisbury, foie Gover¬ nour of the Realm, a Man excellently qualified for Govern- Laftly, fometimes the Queen, as two feveral times, du¬ ring the abfence of Henry the Eighth in France, CHAP. VI. The Queen °f ENGLAND. #anif. T’HE Queen, fo called from the toon Ko- JL ningih, whereof the laft Syllable is pronoun¬ ced by Foreigners, as gheen in Englijb, it being not unu- . fual to cut off the firft Syllables, as an Alms boufe is fome¬ times called a Spital, from Hofpital, and Sander from Alex¬ ander. She hath as high Prerogatives, Dignity, and State, during the Life of the King, as any Queen in Europe. ^erogatibc.] From the Saxon times the Queen Conlort of England, though (he be an Alien born, and though during the Life of the King, (he be Feme Covert, E 3 (as 78 2 El)ef)cfent&tate fas our Law fpcaks) yet without any Aft of Parliament for Naturalisation, or Letters Patents for Denization, (lie may purchafe Lands in Fee-Simple, make Leafes and Grants in her own Name, without the King ; hath pow¬ er to give, to fue, to contraft, as a Feme-file may re¬ ceive by gift from her Husband, which no other Feme- Overt may do. She may prefent, by her felf, to a Spiritual Benefice; and in a fluare imptdit, brought by her, Plenarty by the prefentation of another, is no more a Bar againft her, than it is againft the King, She (hall not be amerced, if (he be Non-fuited in any Aftion, iso. Had anciently a Revenue of Qtieen-Gold, or durum Refi¬ ne, as the Records call it, which was the tenth prt of fo much, as by the Name of Ob/ata upon Pardons, Gifts and Grants, &c. came to the King. Of latter times hath had as large Dower, as any Queen in Chriftendom; hath tier Royal Court apart, her Courts and Officers, tfirc. The Queen may not be impleaded till firft petitioned; if (he be Plaintiff, the Summons in the Procefs need not to have the Solemnity of r 5 days, (£rc. Is reputed the Second Perfonin the Kingdom, The Law fetteth fo high a value upon her, as to make it High Treafin to confpire her Death, or to violate her Cha- ftity. Her Officers, as Attmep and Sollicitor, for the Queers fake, have refpeft above others, and place within the Bat with the King’s Council. The like Honour, the like Reverence and Refpeft that is due to the King, is exhibited to the Qfiien, both by Subjefls and Foreigners ; andalfotothe Qneen-Dowager, or Wi¬ dow-Queen, who alfo, above other Subjefts, lofetli not her- Dignity, though (he fhould marry a private Gentleman; fo Queen Catherine, Widow to Ring Hemp the Fifth, being mar¬ ried to Omen up Theodore, Efq-„ did maintain her Aftion as Queen of England: much left doth a Queen by Inheritance, or a Queen Sovereign of England, follow her Husbands con¬ dition, nor is fubjeft as other Queens; but Sovereign to her own Husband, as Queen Mar} was to Ring Philip, of ENGLAND. 79 CHAP. VII. Of the Sons ani Daughters of ENGLAND. T HE Children of the King of England, are called the Sons and Daughters of England-, becaufe all the Sub- jc3s of England have a fpeaal Intercft in them, though the whole power of Education, Marriage, and difpofmg of them, is only in the King. (ElSett £on.] The Eld eft Son of the King, is bom Dake of Cormvnl; and, as to that Dutch)’, and all the Lands, Honours, Rents, and great Revenues belonging thereunto, he is upon his Birth-day prefumed, and by Law taken to be of full Age, fo that he may that day foe for the Livery of the faid Dukedom, and ought of Right to obtain the fame, as if he had been full 21 years of Age. Afterwards he is created Prince of Wales, whofc Invejti- lire is performed by the Impofition of a Cap of Eflate, and Comet on his Head, as a Token of Principality, and 1 potting into his Hand a Verge of Gold, the Emblem of Government, and a Ring of Gold on Ms Finger, to inti¬ mate, that he mull be a Husband to his Cotmtrey, and Father to her Children. Alfo to him is given and grant¬ ed Letters Patents, to hold the faid Principality, to him and his Heirs, Kings of England, by which words, the feparation of this Principality is for ever avoided: his Mantle which he wears in Parliament, is once more dou¬ bled, or hath one Guard more than a Duke’s, and his Coro¬ net of Crojfes and Flower-de-luces, and his Cap of State in¬ dented. Since the happy Reftauration of King Charles the Se¬ cond, it was folemnly ordered, that the Son and Heir apparent of the Crown of England, (hall ufc and bear bis Coronet of Crojfes and Flotver-de luces with one Arch, md in the midft a Ball and Crofs, as hath the Royal Dia- km. That the Duke of Torf, and all the immediate Sons and Brothers of the Kings of England, ftiall ufe £1je ^jcfent @tatc 1 and bear their Coronets, compofed of Crojfes and Flat- er-de-luces only, but all their Sons refpcftively, having the Title of Dukes, fhall bear and ufe fuch Coronets as o. ther Dukes, who are not of the Royal Family. From the day of his Birth, lie is commonly (filed the Prince, a Title in England given to no other Subjeft. The Title of Prince of Wales is ancient, and was firft given by King Edward the Firft, to his Elded Son; for the (fh/rf Nation, till that time, unwilling to fubmitro the Yoked Strangers, that King fo ordered, that fiis Queen was deli¬ vered of herfirft Child in Caervanan Caftle in Wales, and then demanded of the Welch, as fome affirm, If tk, mutt kernel tt> fiibjeft tbctnfelves to one of their mi on, that could not fpeat^one word of Englith, and againft n/kf; Lift the) could ta(e no juft exception. Whcreunto they rea¬ dily confenting,the King nominated this his new-born Son, and afterwards created him Prince of Wales, and bellowed on him all the Lands, Honours, and Revenues belonging to the faid Principality. The Prince hath ever fince been (filed Prince of Waltt, Duke of Aquitain and Cornwal, and Rail of Chejler and Flint, which Earldoms are always conferred upon him bj Letters Patent. Since the Union of England and Sailed, his Title hath been Magnt Britannia Princeps, but more ordinarily the Prince of Wales. As Eld eft Son to the Kir- of Scotland , lie is Duke of Roth fay, and Senefchal of Set- land from his Birth. The King of England's Eldeft Son (fo long as Norm iJj remain’d in their hands} was always lfiled Duke of A'ar- mandy. Anciently the Princes Arms of Wales, whilft they wcri Soveraigns, bare quarterly Gules, and Or, four Lyons pajfts The Arms of the Prince of Wales at this day, differfroa thofe of the King, only by addition of a Label, of thre Points, charged with Nine Torteaux, and the Device e the Prince is a Comet, beautified with three Olirich Fo thers, inferibed with Ich dien, which, in the German, o Old Saxon Tongue, is, I ferve, alluding, perhaps, tothi in the Gofpel, The Heir, whilft his Father liveth, differeth »: from a Servant. This Device was born at the Battel of Crtj] of ENGLAND. 81 by/o hn, King of Bohemia, fcrving there under the French King, and there (lain by Eimrd the Blacli Prince, fince worn by the Princes of Wales, and by the Vulgar called the Princes Arms. ©ignitp l The Prince, in our Law, is reputed as the fame perion with the King, and fo declared by a Sta¬ tute of Henry the Eighth, Corufcat enim Princeps (fay our Lawyers J Raiiis Regis Patris Jui, (j cenfetur una perfona nun ipfo. And the Civillians fay, the King's Eldeft Son may be Oiled a King. 3 &gibileDgr«i.] He hath certain Priviledges above o- tlier perfons. To imagine the Death of the Prince, to violate the Wife of the Prince, is made High Treafon. Hath therefore had priviledge of having a Purveyor, and taking Purveyance as the King. To retain and qualifie as many Chaplains as he /hall pleafe. To the Prince, at the age of 15. was a certain Aid of Honey from all the King's Tenants, and all that held of him in Capite, by Knights-Service, and Free-Socage, to make him a Knight. Yet as the Prince in Nature is a diftinft Perfon from the King ; fo in Law alfo, in fomc Cafes, he is a Subjeft, holdeth his Principalities and Scignories of the King, giveth the fame Rcfpeft to the King, as other Subjects fa Kthcmic#.] The Revenues belonging to the Prince, (iitce much of the Unds and Demefns of that Dutchy have been alienated, areefpecially out of theTinn-Mines in Corn- nl, which with all other Profits of that Dutchy, amourft yearly to the fum of 14000 l. The Revenues of the Principality of Wales, furvey’d Three Hundred years ago, was above 4680'/. yearly j 1 rich Eftate, according to the Value of Money inthofe days. At prefent Iris whole Revenues may amount to about Till the Prince come to be Fourteen years old, all things belonging to the Principality of -Wales i were wont to be difpofed of by Commiflioners, confift- E 5 ing: 8i {State ini of fome pridcipai Pcrfond of the Gltftgy and No. bilijy. CatSttg.J The Cadets, or younger Sons of Engltnl, are created (not born! Dukes or Earls, of what Places ot Titles ttie King pleafeth. They have ho certain Appanages, as in France, but only ivhat the good pleafure of the King bellows upon All the King's Sons are Conftliarii nati, by feirth-iiglit, Counlellorsof State, that fo they may grow up in the weighty affairs of the Kingdom. The Daughters of Htg/oulareftilcd Princeffes, the El- deft of which had an Aid, or certain Rate of Money paid by every Tenant in Capite, Knigbts-fervice and Socage, to* wards her Dowry or Marriage-Portion; and to violate her unmarried, is Uigh-Treafon at this day. to all the Ritig's Children belong the Title of %J Highness all Subjects are to be uncovered in their pre- fence, to kneel when they are admitted to kits their hands, and, at Table, they are (out of the King's Prefem) lefved tin the Knee. The Children, the Brothers and Sifters of the Kiel, if Plaintiffs, the Summons in the Procefs need not hare the folemnity of Fifteen Days, as in Cafe of other Sub- All the King's Sobs, Grandfons, Brothers, Uncles and Nephews of the King, are by Stat. 31./Zen. 8. to precede others in England. It is true, the word Grandfon is not there in termink, but is underftood, as Sir Edward C«l holds, by Nephew, which in Lathe being Repos, fignifki alfo, and chiefly, a Grandjin. The Natural, or illegitimate Sons and Daughters oF the King, after they are hcxnbwledged by the King, have had a as in France, precedence of all the Nobles, under thoft e Blood Royal, They bear what Surname the King pleafeth to tivt them, and for Arms, the Arms of England, with a Bajjtt, pr a Border Gobipnne, or fome other mark of illegitimate Some Kings of England have acknowledged many, and bid owe Illegitimate Sobs and Daughters. King of ENGLAND. 85 King Henr) the Firft had no fewer than /intern Illegici- mate Ciuldren. Henry theEighth, amongd others, had one by Elizabeth Shunt, named Henry FitzRoy, created by him Dulse of So- merfet and Richmond, Earl of Nottingham, and Lord High Admiral of England, Ireland, and Acquitnin. King James the Firlt, and his Son King Charles the Mar¬ tyr had divers Children, but no Natural or Illegitimate Sons or Daughters. King Charles the fecond, of happy Memory had feVe- rilIllegitimate Sons, all now hopeful Princes, and may probably do much Service for the King and Kingdom; be- fides divers Daughters, whom his Majefty law well mar¬ ried before his Death. CHAP. VIII C ftheprefent King o/ - England, and therein of his Birth, Name , Sirname, Genealogy, Arms, Title, Education, Marriage, Exploits, and Accejfm to the Crown ^England. T H E King of England now reigning , is MUiam the Third of. that Name, born at the Hague the T i_of November, 1650. nine days after his Father’s Death, was baptized by the Names of William Henry ,had for Godfathers the Lords States-Gcneral of Holland and Zealand, and the States of the Cities of Delft, Leyden, and Amjlerdam. _ His prefent Majejir is the only Off-fpring of William Prince of Naffait and of Orange, whofe Father was Henry Trident^ Prince of Orange, who was younger Brother to Prince flintake, and Son to that mod Excellent William Prince of Orange, that laid the Foundation of rhe mod puif- fant Commonwealth of the Vnited Netherlands , and was chief 8* fl$e$)crcht&tate I chief of that mod Ancient'and mod illudricus Honfe of Naffau in Germany^ which hath laded rear One thoufand’ Years,'and hath been graced with the Imperial --Dignity, in the Perfonof Adolphus of Naffau Emperor of Gertmj' Four hundred Years ago. His prefent Majedy is a!fo the only Off-fpring of the Royal Princefs Mar/, Elded Daughter to Charles the Fird of that Name, Ring of Great Britain, and Hem'm Maria, Daughter of King Henry the Great of France ; from •which Royal Stock he hath in his Vein’s fome’.of all the Royal Blood of ‘Europe, and is by his Mother Lineally defeended from the 'Britifh, Sam, Daniff, Normal r, and Scotijh Kings and Princes of this Ifland. From the firll Britijh King his prefent Majedy is reckon’d the 141, From the Scotiffi the 11 it h, from the Sax on the 48(6, and from the fird of the Norman Line the 28 th. So that for Royal Extraftion ahd long Line of Defcent, his Majedy now reigning excels all the Monarchs of all. the Chriftian, if not of all the whole' World. The prefent King is the Fifth King of Great Britain. . -At eight.Years of Age he was lent to the Univerli. ty of Leyden, and even thenwas obferved to be of a re¬ ferred and thinking Temper, far beyond thofe of his Age; and being educated in all Princely Exercifesafter many appearances and Tokens of furpaffing future Bra¬ very, he was in the Year 1672,' being then but 22 Years of Age inveded with the high Title of hisAnce- dors, x-fr. Stadkolder, Captain and Admiral-General ohlhk United Netherlands-, all which Country at that jundureof time was jud upon the point of being utterly anti irrevo¬ cably ruined and loft , had nor his then Highnefs by his great Prowefs refeued all that Country out of the very Jaws of the French King, whom in a few Months his High¬ nefs drave quite out of ihcVnited Netherlands, and fhen took infinite pains in changing, reconciling, and fettling the Magillratcsof fevcral Towns and Provinces with molt admirableSucccfs, After this, in the Year 1674. the Sorter General in confidcration of the incdimable Benefits accruing to them by the wife Ccnduft, undaunted Courage, inde¬ fatigable Pains of his Highnefs, and the often hazards of his i of ENGLAND. g 5 jis Life, thought fic to confirm, not only the High Title If stadholder, or Lord Lieutenant of the Provinces of Jfdland and Weflfrietfand in this Prince during his Life, (as his Anceltors held it) but fettled it likewife upon the Hcyrs Male of his Body begotten in lawful M 3r . riage. About Three Years after his Highnefs’s Unckle Charles the Second, King of Great Britain, having taken fpecial notice how his Nephew had fignalized his Wifdom, Cou- tage, and Conduft upon divers Occafions, more efpeci- illy ac the Sieges of Harden and Bon , at the Battels of Smf, Cajfel, &c, invited him over into England, and judged him well worthy to efpoufe that moft Excellent lady, who was eldeft Daughter to his Royal Highnefs then Duke of Toi\, next Heir to the Crown of England- and accordingly upon the -i of November, 167 7. being the Princes Birth Day, the Marriage was folemnized, and the Ceremony performed by the Bifhop of London, At the end of the fame Month his Highnefs with his moll llluftrious Spoufe, failed over into Holland -, and the next Year, near Mont in Hainilt, took occafion for the Defence of his Country to fhew his wonted Magnani¬ mity againil a mighty French Army, commanded by the Duke of Luxemburgb an experienced General, and to ha¬ zard fevcral times his Pcrfon and Life, which Der Heer unOverkirli faved by venturing his own with lingular Courage and Fidelity. Immediately after (the Peace being concluded at Ni- wguen) his Highnefs applied himfelf to the fettling of the Government at home, where he gained as great Ap- plaufein managing the Civil Concerns, as he had before abroad in Martial Affairs, until it became vifible to all the World that King James the Second, intending to lubverr the Laws of England, to change that Excellent Government into a Dcfpotica! Arbitrary Monarchy, to bring his People to Popery and Slavery, to alter the Suc- celfion, and by a fuppofritious Child, called the Prince oi Walts, had rcfolvcd at length to deprive both the Princelles his Daughters, and alfo the Prince of Orange, a| 1 other Protcflant Princes of their Hereditary Right 86 Ef )t Ipjtfcttt Estate of fucceeding to the Crown of England : Whereupon a- bout the beginning of September, 1688. his Highncb went to Minden in Weftpbalia, and had Minden it in the a Conference with the Electors of Circle of Weft- on/ and Brandenburg, the Landgrave of phalia, not of Heffe , and divers other Protcflatt Lower Saxony. Princes, and foon after, in exccutioo of the Counfels there taken and agreed, his Highncfs fent away from his Camp then at < 1 % He/de (with incredible Expedition and Secrecy of hi Dcfign) fcvcral Regiments of Horfe and Foot to be ci- barkt at Amjierdam, Rcterdam, Helvoet, Sltt/t, Zealand, fee, On the a6 . of Olhber the Prince fee fail with the wlide Army, confiding of above gfioo Horfe and Dragoons, and above lodoo Foot, in a Fleet of Ships, fmall d great, about 600 ; but the Wind turning againfl them, they ail returned into Harbour, not without much du mage ; yet with mofl undaunted Courage fet fail again the firft of November, with a moft favourable Wind, ud upon the fifth (being Gunpowder Trcafon DayJ cans all into Torba/ in Devmjhire ; whence his Highnefs match fpeedily to Exeter, and after fomcDays of Refrefhmm advanced with his whole Army toward Salitbur/, what King James was ported with a Royal Army, which be¬ gan there to defen him. $0 thac upon the adnt- cing of the Princes Army, the King thought fit to re¬ treat to London, and upon the 10. of December to fend away the Queen at Three of the Clock in the Moil¬ ing, with her fuppofed Spn, of juft half a Year old.for France ; and the nexc morning, about the fame hour, the King in difguife followed after her. Upon the 14. of December the Prince came to wimf/ai and upon the id. King James (having been ftoptby font Watermen near Feverjham in Kent") returned to WhitM and upon the 18. of the fame Month, about 10 of the Clock in the morning withdrew again from thence, id upon his own choice went to Rochejier, guarded thithtt with the Princes Soldiers; from whence, foon afrtr, without any lett or hindcrance, lie Hole away, and w«* for France. In the mean time upon the fame 18. of ft;! cember his Highnefs the Prince of Orange, about Tfitee d of ENGLAND. 87 tlit Clock in the AfterflooB' entred into the Suburbs of Utim, and lodged at the Royal Palace of St. James, to the unfpeakable Joy of all that mighty City, which on the 20 tb, with a folemn harangue by their Recorder, Sir Gnrge Tub), unanimoufly declared to his Highnefs, not only their mofi humble add hearty Thanks for his coming, but acknowledged alfo that he was the only Perfon un¬ der Heaven that was able to relieve them; that he and his Anccfiors enjoyed a Dignity lingular and rranfccndenr, to be Champions of Almighty God, fent forth in fevcral Ages to vindicate his Caufe agiinli the mod mighty Op- preflbrs, foe. About the end of December (King James being gone over Sea into France, to the French King) the Prince (at tlic humble Requeft of divers of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal aiTembled ) took the Government upon him, and fent forth his Circular Letters to all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and to all the Counties, Cities and Bur¬ roughs of England, freely to cleft fit perfons to afTem- ble at Weftminjler on the 22 i of January following, Upon which day there was a very full Aflembly both of Lords and Commons, who after mature deliberation, conclu¬ ded nnd voted, that King James having abdicated the Government, the Throne was become vacant: Whereup¬ on they (after having aflerted and declared the Rights of the Subjects of England) refolded and declared the Prince and Princefs of Orange King and Queen of Eng¬ land, France and Ireland (Scotland not yet having had time to come to the like Refolution), and of all the Domi¬ nions thereunto belonging, to hold the Crown and Royal Dignity during their Lives, and the Life of the Survivor of them; and that the Excrcife of the Regal Power be only in the Prince of Orange, vet in the Names of both the Prince and Princefs; ana after their Dcceafe, the Crown and Dignity of the faid Kingdoms and Dominions to be in the Heirs of the faid Prihcefs; and for default of fuch Iflue, to the Princefs Atm of Denmark, and the heirs of her Body ; and for default of fuch Iflue, to the Heirs of the Prince of Orange. The very fame day the Princefs of Orange came from Holland, and landed at IThitehall ; at the Gates whereof x the 88 JC&ePirifcntfrtatc the very next day, being the iu,th of February, fa Prince and Princefs were folcmnly proclaimed King aid Queen of England, Prance and Ireland, Sec. i —.Vitro fe purpura fupplex Obtulit if film meruit regnare rogatrn. Upon the uth of April following, this incomparable Pair Royal, were, with all the wonted Ceremonies Crown, ed at IVeftminfler. And now confidcring, that a Prince of Orange fliould venture fo many Dangers through the rough Seas, at the mod flormy feafon of the year, in the view of a Royal Fleet by Sea, and a Royal well-difciplined Army by Land, prepared againfl him by a King of Three Kingdoms, who wanted neither Men nor Horics, Ships nor Ammunition, Money nor Viftuais, and yet that this Prince fhould be able ro fay truly, Ven i, vidi, vici. Tbit mat the Lord's doing, and mujl for ever be maneh in mr eyes. His Majefties Titles are fbefides all thofc of his rredc- ccffors, Kings of England, all, and more than any of hi; Ailcelbrs Princes of Orange enjoyed; liz. William Hint), by the Grace of God, Prince of Orange and of Kafftt, Earl of Catxenettebogm, Vianden, Dietz, Lingen, Mean, Ruyren, Leerdam, See. Marquis of Der Vere, and of Pluf ftng. Lord and Earon of Breda, of the City of Graze, and of the Land of Cuyck, Die/?, Grimbergen, Herflal, Crane t- doncf, IVarnejhn, Aria), Kofeto\ St. With, Daesbirgb, Pi- la-gen, Wiilemjlat, Niervaert, TjJclJlein, St. Martenfi)i\, Steenbergen, Gertrudenberg, Turenlmdt, Zevenbergcn, of the Vpper and Lower Swaluwen, Kaeltwycbj, Sccji, Barer, the Eem, the Imvard and Outward Immenes, See. Heredi¬ tary Marquis of Antwerp, and of Bazanccn in Burgundy, Hereditary Marfhal of Holland, Govcrnour and Hcrcdi- tarvStad-holder of Gtteldcrland, and County of Zutpben, Holland, Zeland, Wtbifuejland,Vtbrecht, Overtjfel, and Coun¬ try of Dtentbe, Hereditary Captain General and Admiral of ullihcVniicdNctlierlandSjStc. His Majcrties Arms ar: the Arms of England, charged jinct-his Accellion to the Crown, with an Infcutchcon of the Ancient and Famous Houfe of Kaffau, which is Amre SrrMett, a Lymrampxm Or, L.wgued and Aimed Gules. HiAMajefty having, after his coming to this Crown, molt willingly given his Royal Allens to all the cood Hills which weredefired by the Lords ami Commons clxmbled in Parliament; and having (v.idi as much fpecd as the Condition of this Nation could hear^ raifed Men, Money, and all other things nccelfary both by Land and Sea, for prclcrving England, reducing A e/.i/:./, and foiling tc-tland ; and having declared War, with the unanimous confemof both Houfcsof Parliament, lie ref lvcd lad Spring to go himfclt with a very conliderablc Army both of Horfe and Foot, mo Ireland-, and accordingly on the mb of June embarked at Highlafr, but the Wind not favouring at lirll, came afterward very fair, and on the tyf/jhis Ma;c- Hy landed at Carricfergm, and having there rear all hi., Army in readmefs, he on the ptb face down in the fight of the Enemy, who was there 25000 ftrong, the River Syne being between the Two Armies. Next day being the 1J? of July, his Majefty approached fo near the River, that the Enemy with Two pieces of Cannon, of Six Pound Ball (perceiving whereabouts his Majedy was on Horfcback) fired at him, and one of the Balls palled fo near, as to take away a piece of his Majedics Coat, Waft- coat and Shirt, raiding the Skin on the Blade of the right Shoulder, and drew a little Blood; yet after a Plaiftcr had been laid on, the King went on, pafled the River with ail iiis Army, and fought on till Nine of the Clock that Evening; in which days Battel were loft thaegreae Gene¬ ral the Duke of Scbombcrg, the Famous Dr. Watty, the Valiant French Proceftant Monficur Calimote, with many others of lefs Note; hue the late King James, not hazard¬ ing his Pcrfon, but Hying with all his Army, which he im¬ mediately deferred, and Hcd into France, King William marched on the next day ; and foon after taking poileflion of Drogheda, Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, &c. then went to befiege Limrick., but the Rain falling extraordinarily a- bout the end of Augufl, his Majefty thought fit to draw off his whole Army, leaving a Blockade there, and the Go- 90 EIjc JD;cfcnt jfratc vcrnment in fafc hands, and upon the $tbof Septembert® barkt at Vuncannon, near Waterford, and the very next day landed near Brijlol, and upon the Ninth came to Kenfm^ bftMdtn. Of the Vrefent Queen Confort, and Sovereign tj England. H ER Mofl Serene Majefty, Eldeft Daughter of tit late King Jama, by his firft Wife, was born at tin Palace of St. James, the yofA of April, 1662. Her God. father was Prince Rupert, her Godmothers, the prefent Ducchefs of Buckingham, and the late Dutchcfs of On a on the 4fi of November 1677. after (he had been y educated in the Religion of the Church of £»j. land, and had acquired all other Princely Accompli, ments, fhe was given in Marriage to the moft lilufirioe WilTtam Henry of Najfau, then Prince of Orange, no» King of England, which was folemnized by the prefcti Lord Bflhop of London, Brother to the late Earl of Nmi- hampton. Soon after fhe was conduced by the faid Prince into Holland, where fhe refided almoft Eleven years, until the Month of February id’’, that fhe came over to &<• land, and on the i2fiof the fame Month landed at While hall, and the very next day, at Whitehall Gates, was (with the Prince her Husband) folemnly proclaimed Queen So- veraign of England, Scotland and Ireland. To give fuch an Account and Charafter of her Majefly as (he deferves, would take up a Volume, and be unfuit- able to all other Accounts given in this fmall Treatifej yet for her Majeflies Honour, and fome faeisfaftion to a'J her loving Subjefts, fome few of her moft Eminent atxl Rare Qualifications and Endowments, (hall here be briefly noted. Firft, for her Difpofition and Temper of Mind : She is Affable and Courteous, of a Quiet and Meek Spirit, a mofl | of ENGLAND. 91 U Gracious Sovereign to her Subjefts, a very Obedient »jfe to her Husband, and an unpara] Idl'd Miflrcfs to her (ervants. Her Maicfties Stature being of the hrgeft Size, near I, Foot high (as was the moft Famous Queen Elua- Li J, is Majcftick and Stately ; her Countenance and Seen Serene and Comely; her Complexion Ruddy and pealing. Her Intcllc&uals and Abilities of Mind both Natural fad Acquired, arc tranfeendent, having always taken hch delight, and fpending much of her time in reading pebed Books, and hearing Difcourfes of divers Learned fen. Her Skill in Languages, cfpecially in the French and m Tongues, her accurate knowledge in all forts of L'eedle- Works (wherein almofl every day her Majefty cm- lloys her fclf, and all her Ladies, or Maids of Honour), k all remarkable. [ Next, her Eafinefs of Converfation and Affability, as ihid been the Charafteriftick or Peculiar Mark of fome f her Family, fo it is moft eminent in her, who hath |mys been free, yet very innocent and inoffenfive. Then for her Majefties Prudence, Difcretion, Sagacity, pd Circumfpeflion, they arc fuch, that notwithftanding Itr great Freedom in Converfation, yet (he was never bown to affront or rtfleft upon any perfon; and although K hath been in extraordinary nice and difficult Circum- inces (moreefpecially of late) as to her Carriage and pehaviour, yee was never obferved to utter any thing un- kcoming, or not proper for her. j Moreover, for her great and conftant Charity and Boun¬ ty towards others, it is very notable; no perfon being f re ready and willing to do good, according to her iter, laying hold upon all occafions to help all thofe tlio want her affillancc; fo that fome Thoufands do |iily taffc of herChatity, there being fcarce any Prince k Princcfs in Chriftendom, who gives away more to i rritable Ufcs than (he doth, in proportion to her Re¬ sales. Ecfidcs, her Goodncfs is fuch, that no perfon of rQuality is of more calic accefs, yet rarely fuffering any go from her unfatisfied. Above 9i 2 l|j£ ipjcfcnt &tatc ’ Above all, her Majeflies Piety and Devotion, andh; Conlhncy tlierein, both in publick and private, is lurfi to be paralleled: Her Majefiy having been bred up in rj Religion of the Church of England, efhblifht by Lav., p. hath always profeft it both at Ironic and abroad, kld 5 - or never milling Prayers, Sacraments, or Sermons, c. ring all the time of almofl Eleven years abode in H'. land , where another way of Worll'ip was efiahl: which yet (he would often countenance by her fa lence, if flic could do it without dileountcnancinc t b,liking her own way of Worlhip. Her Concern for f; ligion, and her Zeal, is fuch, that flic cannot forbear t reprove thofc wlio misbehave themfelvcs therein with: her hearing, yee dill with char fwectnel's of Temperi doth manifcfl, that flic is difplcafed and oifemled n«! much with the Pcrfon as with the Impiety. Her Devs on is without any kind of Alfcftation, (he coveting mri to be good, and to make others fu, than to be talJ notice of for cither, having always had an avcrliom Flattery, or indeed fcarcely to be praifed for any the commendable in her, or to be much thanked for anyt her good Deeds. All thefe Vertues and Accompliflimcnts made her i: Darling and Delight of that Countrcy which enjoyed hs fo long. Never any Princcfs more affectionately beloved refpefted and honoured, whilfl (he refided there, ortw univerfally bewailed and lamented when flic was obliged! leave them. Her Majefty hath hitherto had no Iflue. CHAI of ENGLAND. CHAP. X. );tk Frfnt $*ctn Vomgcr of ENGLAND. D ONNA C ATH E R. IN A, 1nfiinm of Portugal, be¬ ing now Queen Dowager, and the Third Tcrlon in if Kingdom, was Daughter of Dm Juan, the Fourth of hit Name, King of Portugal, defended from our Eng- al/ifnof Gaunt , Duke of Lancajhr, and King of Ca- iilc, and Leon, Fourth Son of Edward the Third, King if England ; and of Donna Lucia, Daughter of Don Gin- 1:10 el Haem, a Spaniard, Duke of Medina Sihiia, who U! lineally defended item Perdtn.aido do la Cerde, and i Ccnlbrc Blank, to whom St. Len a, King of Prance, hr father, rclinquifhed his Right and Title to Spin, (le¬ aded to him bv his Mother Blank, Elded Daughter and l'tirtf AlfhonfaihcSfanifli King. Site was horn the 14/iof November 1658. at Villa Vifo- hmPsrtugal-, She was Baptized CAT MARIN A, fig. rijir.g in Greeli PV RE, her Earlier being then Duke of Seijarra, (though right Heir of the Crown of Portugal) the mod Potent subject in Europe i for a third part of Per- was then hoidenof him in Valfallagc; She was only idler of Von Alpkonfi, the Sixth of that Name, and the fr.rtc and Twentieth King of Portugal, ul c in the year 1:57. was dethroned, and kept l’nfonerin Portugal for c.T.c time ; from whence he was lent to tire Airre.r 'funds, where lie was under confinement for certain years, Kid then brought back and kept in the l’alace of Cmtra, boat Fifteen Miles from Litton, where lie tlied in the iear io3g. His Brother, the Prince Dan Pedro, born in he year 1648. the prefent King, was after kis Brothers '(moral, made Prince Regent of Portugal, and married othc Queen his Brothers Wife, after her Divorce, by atom he hath one Daughter living. Had another Brother called Don tbeodopo, the Eltlcft ion of that Xing, who was the mod gallant and hopeful Prince 94 Pirfent dtate Prince of all Europe, but died 1653. aged abou t 18 yen. yet bis Life thought worthy to be written by divers gra« Authors of Portugal. Having been mod carefully and pioufly educated by hj Mother, and at the age of 22 defired in Marriage fo King CHARLES the Second, and the Marriage tj long after concluded by the Negotiation of Sir Rick Fanjhaw, His Majeftics Ambaflador in the Court of Pat-, gal, and Don Francefco de Melo, Conde de Ponte , jtUrp de Sande, the Extraordinary Ambaflador of the King;. Portugal, and folemnized at Lisbon by his Excclfe, the Earl of Sandwich: She embarkt for England upooifi 2j H of April 1662. being the F'eftival of St. George, [; tron as well of Portugal as England, and was fafely, It the Earl of Sandwich, condufted by a Squadron of Shy to Portfnmth, where the King firft met her, and nasi: married. On the 23d of Auguft 1662. HcrMajefty coming by Vi ter from Hampton Court, was, with great Pomp and Mqa ficcnce, firft received by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen: London at Chelfej, and thence conducted by Water to life hall. The Portion (he brought with her, was Eight Hnndr: Millions of Rent, or Two Millions of Crufadce's, _ being: bout Three Hundred Thoufand Pounds Sterling, to? ther with that ancient City of Tangier, upon the Coaft Afric\ ; andthelfie of Bombaim, near Goa, in the £•; Indies, with a Priviledge, that any Subjefls of the King England may Trade freely in the Eaft and H 4 ’|l India fs rations, belonging to the Pompefes. Her Majeftics jovnturc, by the Articles of Marriage, Thirty thoufand Pounds Sterling per Annum ; and the Kii out of his great Affcftion toward her, hath, as an Addis fetled upon her 10000 /. per Annum. The queens Arms, as Daughter of Portugal, arc h\ 5 Scutcheons, Assure crofs-wife, each Scutcheon charged t .5 Plates Argent Sailter-wife, with a Point Sable. I Border Gules, charged with 7 Caftles, Or. This C was firft worn by the Kings of Portugal, in memory a fignal Battel obtained by the firft King of Portugal,! 4 Iphonfo, againft Five Kings of the Moors, before xt of ENGLAND. 9J jjatttl appeared Chrifi Crucified in the Air, and a Voice [card, as once to Conjlantine the Great, In hoc figno vin- k. Before the Portugal Arms were Argent a Crofs m- I Queen CATHARINE is a Pcrfonage of rare [trfeftions of Mind and Body, of great Piety, Modefty, lad many other Eminent Vcrtues. CHAP. XI. f the prefent Princes and Princefles of the Blood ; and firfi of her Kc)\tl Highnefs the Frwccfs Ann of Denmark. 'HE next Heir to the Crown of England is the . I’rincefs Ann, born in Pebmr) 1664. whofe God- liter was Guilbert late Lord Arclibifhop of Canterbury, id her Godmothers were the young Lady Mary, her St¬ ar, now queen of England, and die Dutchefs of Mm- nth: She is married to his Royal Highnefs Prince vge, Second Son of Frederick the Third, late King of marly, and is the only Brother to this prefent K ing chi¬ rm the Fifth. In cafe this Princcfs fiiould furvivc Prince George, it js agreed by the Articles of Marriage, that her Dowry mid be 6:50 /. Sterling per Annum, and this fecured upon c Bailagc of Wardii^kq, and the Ifland of Fill- Prince George, Hereditary Prince of Denmark, and Nor¬ th &c. was born at Copenhagen in Apjil 1653, where sRoyal Highnefs was educated in a Prince-like manner, kite year t66S- then went to travel into Holland, France, ■plmd, and thence into Italy. In the year 1670. came ck to Copenhagen, and about three years afterwards, be- l twenty years old, he travelled into Germany, and took i'iew of the Two puiflant Armies then encamped near : Rhine, whereof one belonged to the Emperor, and : other to the French King. In the year 167 5. his 9 6 SCIjc pjcfnit State Royal Higliucfs ferved in the War againrt the Sivelti, and was at the taking of Wijm.tr. The next year l:t commanded a part of the Danijh Army, at the figr.al Battel of Lunden, in Schonen, againfl the King of In the year 1577. commanded again a part of the Datiji Army, at the famous Eattle of Landslyroon, where he greatly hazarded his Royal Perfon, and fignahzed his Va¬ lour. Afterwards his Royal Highnefs made fevcral Voyagesic- to Germany, and continued fomc years abroad. In July 158^.aftcr a Trcaty of Marriage with the Printed aln/gfccoml Daughter of his latcMajefty,rhis Prince was mar- ried the 28 tb of the fame mom h, being So. Anns Day, and fey the Articles of Marriage i; declared to be received as oneci the Princes of the Blood Royal of England. All his Oliiters and Servants to be from time to time appointed by and with the approbation of the King ot England. His Reve¬ nue coming from Dentml\ tobefevemy thoufand Crow vearlv, or feventeen thoufand five hundred PoundsSe- ling, of which one part aril'es from a Eranch of the Cufton adigned for this purpofc, the refl conics from his Highnes Lands and Demains, titr-out of the file of Fehmarnim the Baillagcsof Wardingbomg and Jongfhofft, a Revenue k that Countrey greater than thrice as much in England. Hs Revenue here is fifty thoufand pounds jer annum, paid b; the King; fo that the whole amounts yearly 1077500!. Sterling, In June laft his Royal Highnefs accompanied his Reji! Erotlicr, King William Prince Genge hath four Sifters, thefirft married w ]n George the Third, Prince Eleftor of Saxom. The fccond;; Clorijliern Adolph, Duke of //iljitin Sunderbmrg. The dud to die Prince Eleftor Palatine of thc/lWne, lately dcccald without Ilfue; and the fourth to the prefenc King of brtth, Charles the Eleventh. The prefent King of Deumai t hath Ilfue Frederick,) ^ Heir apparent, born in the year 1671. Two other S® Chrifliern and Carolus , and Two Daughters, the Frinces Sophia , and- of ENGLAND. 97 Of the Friticefs Henrietta. T H E next Heir (after the afore-mentioned j to the Englijh Crown, was the Princefs Henrietta, youngeft Sifter to the late King of England. She was born the idf/a of June 1644. at Exeter, during the heat of the late Rebellion ; after the Surrender of Ex- iter, conveyed to Oxford-, and thence 1646. to London-, silence, with her Governefs, the Lady Dalkeith,tjlhc cfca- ped into France ; was there Educated as became her high Birth and Quality; but being left wholly to the care and maintenance of the Queen her Mother, at Farit, embraced kKomijh Religion. At the age of id years, (liecame with the Queen-Mo¬ te iiito England, and fix months after returning into frme, was married to the only Erother of the French Bing, the Illuftrious Prince Philip, then Duke of Anjou, till the Death of his llnclc, and now Duke of Orleans, whole Revenue is 1 tococo Livers Tournois, befides his Appanage tor yet fetled. Her Portion was 40000 l. Sterling, her Joy nture was to * the fame with that of the prefcnc Dutchcfs Dowager of This Princefs left Ilfue two Daughters; (he was ufually tiled Madam only, as being the firft Ladyinf'r.rnre. She lied fuddcnly in June 1670. The Eider Sifter is called Madamoifclle only, or fans -fte, yjij' ityyy.', becaufc (lie is the firft Gentlewoman f France: She was in December 1679. married to Charles iieSctond of that Name, King of Spain, and diedwith- Thc Younger Sifter is called Madamoifclle ic ’Jalttii ; is itely married to the Duke of Savor. The next Heir of the Crown of England, is the Prin¬ ts Lo.tifa, only Daughter of Charles Lodorrichg, Prince 'ilatinc of the /U';ne(born in Map id;;, and afterwards Mtried to the prefent Duke of Orleans, only Brother to the ■rerre/; King now reigning, by whom her Royal Highncfs ith divers Children,whereof the Eldcft is Duke of Chartres. K The 5# K\)t JDjffcnt State Tlic next Heirs to the Crown of England, after the Ife of the prefent Dutchefs of Orleans, were three Fr®i La. dies, Daughters of Prince Edward, lately deccafetl, who was a younger Son of the Queen of Bohemia, whofc Wi. dow, the Princefs Dowager, Mother to the faid three La. dies, is Sifter to the late Queen of Poland, Daughter and Co-heir to the laft Duke of Kevers in France, amongfl which three Daughters, there was a Revenue of about I2oco l- Sterling a year. The Eldcft of thefc was married to die Duke d' Er.ffi. cn, now Prince of Conde. The other two Daughters died without Ilfuc. Laft of all is the Princefs Sophia, Youngeft Daughter to the Queen of Bohemia, horn at the Hague, 19 Olhb. 1650. and in 1658. wedded to Erneji Augufte, Duke of Emj- wick and Lunenburg, Bidiop of Ofnabourgh, now Duke 0! Hanover, by whom (lie hath fix Sons and one Daughter, The Eldeft Son, named George Lodowick , in the year td8i, married the Lady Sophia, the Daughter of the Eleflorcf Brandenburg. The only Daughter of the Princefs Palatine Sophia, was married to the Elcftora! Prince cf Budn- burg, now Marquis of Brandenburg, and one of the Prince Eleftors of Germany, The faid Princefs Palatine Sophia, s faid to be aPerfon of the heft Addrefs, and moft accom- plifht Lady in Europe. So that of the Wood Royal of the Crown of England, li¬ neally defeended from King James the Pirft, and Kir; Charles the Pirft, there arc fro the Joy of all Loyal Erp lijh MenJ above Twenty Princes and Princcflcs nuw livinj in feveral parts of Europe. ■ C II A P. XTI. Of the Great Officers of the Crown, N Ext to the King, and Princes of the Wood, are rec¬ koned'the Great Officers of the Cronn, whereof there are Nine; ii?. The Lord High Steward of England, of ENGLAND. lad High Chancellor ,' the Lord High freafurer, Lord Preft lent of the King's Council, the Lord Privy Seal, the L'.r. j Gnat Chamber lain, the Lord High Conftable, the Earl Mat \hl, and the Lord High Admiral. ’" f 1j jstftoarih'j The Firfl Great Officer of tli _ , according to the Account of our Anccflors, tva iheiffif High Steward of England, or Viceroy, for fo th V/ord Steward imports, in the Sawn Tongue, from Seen land Ward, locum terns, in French Lieutenant, and wa the fame Officer with the Keichs Drcffet, that iiRegnitic \Rix, in Sweden, and the Stadtklder in Denmark, who i alio called ffirfio;, or Lieutenant du Rot. Our Comma Lawyers (file him, Magnus Anglic Senefchahts, of Sen, i S.io, Jujiice ; ami Schalh, a Goxernm or Officer. He was anciently the higheft Officer under tire Kin; and his Power fo exorbitant, that ic was thought ficr.c longer to truff it in the hands of any Subject; for his 01 lice was, Superxidere fy rcgulare fub Rege, fy immediate ; i;gem[n an ancient Record fpcaks) Totum Regnum Anglt> lovnnes mimlhot tecum infiai.lem Regnum, temporibtis par, race of Inheritance in this hi; nbroffi., (Son ar.d Heir to tl ■ , John of Gaunt ) afterwar licit tunc, they have been mat ate either at a Coronation, I ic fitteth judicially, anil keepc icc itiVeJhninjier, and there r tions of all fucli Noblemen ai of their Tenure, or othcrui ; King’s Coronation, and to 1 ances due and accullomed ; p.1 hat let the Seton.l, the Du ; that occafion, .LadHigh Stc aching immediately before t crsof'thc Crown) bore in ; or die ter the Airaigr.tr.c ne other great Crime, to jud ic ancient High Stewaids wc led, his Commiffion expired ico %\)t JBjcfrnt iJtate foatthe late Arraignment of the Earl of Pemkofe, t U late Lord High Chancellor of England, Hencage Earl tf Nottingham , Baron of Daventrj, was made Lord Higi Steward, pro ilia vice : likewife at tire late Arraignment of the Lord Dclamcre, George Baron of Wem, late Lord High Chancellor of England, was made Lord High Steward for that occafton : during which Tryal, h ( fitteth under a Cloth of Eflarc, and they that fpcak tj him, fay, Map it plcafe pom Grace, mp Lcrd High Slemiti of England. His Commiffion is to proceed, SecurJk Legem, fo Confnetudinem Anglia; He is foie Judge, ytt doth call all the Twelve Judges ef the Land to adiflliiir, Is not fworn, nor the Lords, who are the Tryers of t!:t Peer arraigned. During his Stewardlhip, he bears a White Stall' in hi hand, and the Tryal being over, openly breaks it; andfo his Office ends. 3 Lo^O Cf)iWrfll 02 .] Next the Lord High Chrnth, Snmmm C email arm, fo called, beraufe all Patents, Ov wijfms, Warrants, coming from the King, ’and perufed by him, arc Signed, if well; or Cancelled, if amifsjot tile, becaufeanciently liefate intra Canceller, that is, filth a Partition as ufually now feparates the Church from the Chancel. ©iijnifp.] He is after the King and Princes of the Blood, in Civil Affairs (There being now no Lord High Steward; the higheft l’erfoninthe Kingdom, as the Arch bifhop of Canterkrp is in Ecclefiaflical Affairs. £I)f&rr,’J His Office is to-ktep the King’s Great Sea!, to Judge, not according to the Common-Law, as other Civil Courts do, but to moderate the Rigour of the Law, and to judge according to Equity, Confcience, or Reafon; To bellow all Ecclefiaflical Benefices in the KingS Gifc under 20 /. yearly in the King’s Books; and for this, and other Caufcs, he was ever, till of late years, a Clergy fSDilt!)-] His Oath is to do Right to all manner of Peo¬ ple, Poor and Rich, after the Laws and Cufloms of the Realm, and truly to counfcl the King; to keep fecret the King’s Counfcl, nor fuffer fo far as he may, the Rightsoi die Crown to be diminiflu, foe. Pros I of ENGLAND. 101 From the time of Henry the Second, the Chancellors of England have been ordinarily made of Eifhops, or o- tlier clergy-men learned in the Civil Laws, till Henry the Eighth, made Chancellor, firft, Sir Thomas Moor , and after him Thomas Audeley. Afccr whom alfo was made Lord Chancellor Sir Richard Rich. Knight, Lord Rich, fa common Lawyer) who had been firft the faid King's Sollicitor, and afterwards Chancellor of his Court of Augmentation, from whom is defeended the prefent F.arl of Warwick, and the Earl of Holland ; Once which time there have been fome Eifhops, but mod common Lawyers. This high Office is in France durante vita , but here is far ante here placito Regis. gjjlayp/i The Salary from the King was 848 l- per mum, and'when the Star-Chamber was up, 20c /. per mum more for his Attendance there. Creation -‘1 The Lord Chancellor and the Lord Keep¬ er ik the fame in,Authority, Power, and Precedence, yet they differ in Tatenr, in Height and Favour of the King; they are created per Tradititmem magni Sigilli fibiper Vimitimn Regem, and by taking an Oath, only the Lord Chancellor hath befidesa Patent. The Great Seal of England is at prefent in the Cuflody 0! Three Commiffioncrs hereafter named. iozo SCreaflltTr-] The Third Great Officer of the Crown, is the Lord High Treajnrcr of England, who receives this High Office by delivery of a White Staff to him by the King, and holds it durante bene placito ■RegU. Anciently lie received this Dignity by the delivery of the Golden Keys of the Treafury. ©Sfh.’J His Oath is little different from that of the Lord Chancellor. Dfficr -1 He is Prafefhts jErarii , a Lord by his Office, under whofc Charge and Government is all the King’s Re¬ venue kept in the Exchequer. He hath alfo the Check of all tile Officers any way employed in collcdting Impofls , Culhms, Tributes, or other Revenues belonging to the Crown. He hath the Gift of all Cnftomers, Comptnlkrs, had Searchers in all the Forts of England. F 5 He ioi Elje £>tatc ! He hath the Nomination of the Efcheators in evicts County, and in fome Cafes, by Statute, is to appoint a Met. furcr for the length and breadth of Clothes. h'c, with others joyncd in Commiftion with him,« without, ietteth Leafcs of all the Lands belonging to the Crown. He giveth Warrants to certain Perfons of Quality to have their I Vine Cuflom-frce. The ancient Annual Salary of the Lord High Treafurer of England, wa; in all 383 /. 7 t. 8 d. but the late Salary was Eight thoufand pounds per annum. This high Office is in the hands of Four Commiflionen. ^D’rfiOrnf.] The Fourth Great Officer tj. tried in the Statute 3 T//. 3. is the Lord Prcfidcnt of the King's Privy-Council ; an Officer as anciencas King JoWs time; was uuully called Conjiliarim Capitaln. His Office is to attend upon the King, to propofe bnfinefs at Council- Table, anti then to report to the King chc leveral Tranfafi- oils there. It hath been always granted by Letters under the Great Seal damme bene plaato. This Office of later times was grown obfolete; the lift that had this Hononr was the firfl Earl of Manchtfitr, The Lord Chancellor ufuaily fupplies his place ; till of late the Earl of Shafrsbitry was made Lord Prefidcnt, andlintt that the Lord Roberts fucceeded him, and was created Earl of Radnor, who was fucceeded by the Marquis of Halifax , and now by the Marquis of Carmarthen. 7EL01Q J&itip Jjjeal.'J The Fifth, the Lord Priij Seal, who is a Lord by his Office, under whofe hands pais all Charters and Grants of the King, and Pardrnt figned by chfcKing, before they come to the Great Sal of England, alfo divers other Matters of lefs concernment, as for the payment of Money, (yc. which do not pafs the Gnat Seal. He is by his Place of the King’s Privy-Council, and chief Judge of the Coart of Reqaeds, when ic (hall be re-conti¬ nued; and befides his Oath of Privy Comcetlor, takes a par¬ ticular Oath as Lord Privy Seal. His Salary was 1500 A per annum. His Place, according to Statute, is next to the Lord Ptif dent of the King's Council. I of ENGLAND. 103 ©igllitpQ It is an Office of great truft and skill, that lie put not his Seal to any Grant without good warrant under the King's Privy Signet nor with Warrant, if it be againfl Law or Cnjhm, until that the King be firft ac¬ quainted. This Great Officer is mentioned in the Statute of a Rich. 2. and then ranked among the chief Pcrfons of the Realm. Note, That anciently the Lord Chancellor, Treafu- r/r, Prefident, and Privy Seal, were generally Cler¬ gy-men, and then thofc Great Offices were heft dif- clurged. CljattlbrrUm] The Sixth Great Officer of the Crown, is the Lord Great chamberlain of England, an Officer of Great Antiquity, to whom belongs Livery and Lodging in the King's Court, and certain Pees due from each Archbijhop or lli/hop, when.they do their Homage or fealty to the King, and from all Peers of the Realm at their Creation, or doing their Homage or Fealty; and at the Coronation of every King, to have Forty Ells of Ctitnfm Velvet for his own Robes; and on the Cmnati - M-Day, before the King rifeth, to bring his Shirt, Co\f, Y/earing-Clotbs ; and afeer the King is by him apparelled and gone forth, to have his Bed and all Furniture of his Bed Chamber for his Fees, all the King’s Night-Apparel, and to carry at the Coronation the Coif, Gloves and Lir- «tn, to be ufed by the lung upon that occafion; alfo the Smd and Scabbard, and the Gold to be offered by the King, and the Robe Royal and Own, and to undrefs and attire the King with the Robes Royal, and to ferve the King that day before and after Dinner with Water to ivalh his hands, and to have the Bafin and Towels for his Fees, Moreover, To this Great Officer belongs the care of providing all things in the Howfc of Lords, in time of Par¬ liament, and to that end hath an Apartment near the Lord's Honfe, This Honour was long cnioycd bv the Earls cf Oxford, from the time of Henry the Firff, by an Eftate Tayl or Inheritance-, but in the Two lafl Coronations by 'he Earls of Lindfey, and chat by an EJlale of Jnheii- F 4 t.rnce, io4 EIjc $?£fciit &tate tance, from a Daughter and Heir General claimed and coo- trovtrted, but is at prefcnt enjoyed by Robert Earl o[ Ltndfey. Conttablf-l The Seventh Great Officer is the Lord High Conjlable of England, fo called, fome think, from the Saxon , Crnng , by 'contraction King, and Stall,\ Qytafi Regis Columen, for it was anciently written Cum. liable ; but rather from Comes Stabuli, whofe Power and [urildiction was anciently fo great, that after the Death of E.lward Bagot, or Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, 1521, and the iaff High dutiable of England, it was thought too great for any Subjefl. But fince, upon cccafion of Coronations, (as of that of King Charles the Second) was made the late Earlo! Koitimibcrland, and at folemn Tryals by Combat, fit that which was intended between Re) and Ramfey, teas made Robert Earl of Lindfey) there is created fn ilia Vice, a Lvd High Conjlable. (lis Power and Jurifdi* ftion is the fame with the Earl M.njhal, with whom ft fits Judge in the Mnfhals Court, and takes place of the Earl Marfh.it. <£arl fljhrflial] The Eighth Great Officer of the Crown, is’tlie Eitrf Marfhal of England, fb called from Mare in the Old Saxon, (i. e.) Her ft, and Schal, Pk* feSm. He is an Earl, fome fay, by his Office, whereby he tnketh, as the Conjlable doth, Cognizance of ail matters of War and Arms, determincth Contralit touching Deeds of Arms, out of the Realm upon Land, and Matters concerning Wars within the Realm, which cannot be determined by Common Law ; aid in thefe Matters he is commonly guided by the Ciiil Law. Note, That anciently lie had fevcral Courts under him, but hath now only the Marfhalfea, where lie may fit in Judgment againff Criminals offending within the Verge of the Kings Court. This Office is of Great Antiquity in England, and ancient* ly of Great power. The iafi Earl Marffial was Henry Howard, Ear! of Arundel, who died in 1652. his Earlier Thomas Eat! of Arundel, and lie enjoying that Office only for the Term of ENGLAND. 105 Term of their Lives, by the King’s Letters Patent. Ac die Coronation of his late Majefly, the prefcnc Duke of Norfolk, for that Solemnity only was made Earl Matjhl. Lately that Great Office was executed in part by a Com- miflion granted by his Majefty to John Lord Rabat!, Lord Privy Seal, to Henry Pinpoint, Marquis of Dorcbejler, and to Chiles Howard, Earl of Carlijle, until 1672. when die Lord Henry Howard, Brother to the late Duke of tiirfolk, was firft created Earl of Harwich, then Earl Marffial of England, and who fince the Death of his faid Brother, was Duke of Norfolk,-, but at prefent his Son Emy Duke of Norfolk, is Earl Marjhal of England, and executes that place. Sloniiral.] The Ninth and la ft Great Officer of the Crotvn, is the Lord High Admiral of England ; whofe Truft and Honour is fo great, that this Office hath ufu- ally been given eidter to fome of the Kings younger Sons, sear Kinfman, or to fome one of the higheft andchiefeft of all the Nobility. He is called Admiral from Amir in Arabick,, and ''A>./©- in Greeh, that is, PrffeSm Marinut, a word borrowed from the Eaftern Empire, where fuch kind of Com¬ pounds were much in rtqueft, and introduced in England after the Wars in the Holy Land, by King Richard, or, as fome fay, by King Edward the Firft. The Patent of die Lard Admiral did anciently run thus, Angli e, Hibernia, & Aqnitanis Migmtt Admirallus ; But at prefent thus, Angli.e tfcr Hibernia, ac Domir.iontm it Inflarum carundem, Vide Calefa & Marchiarum ejuf- km, Normandu, Gafconis, dqnitani.e, Magnus Admiral- has fy Prafelhts Generalis Claffis Marium dirlorm teg- term. To the Lord High Admiral of England, is by the Sing intruded the management of all Maritime Affairs , as well in refpeft of JnrifdiUm as ProteHm. He is ilut high Officer or Magiflrate, to whom is committed the Government of the King’s Navy, with Power of Dc- ciftonin all Cafes Maritime, as well Chtil as Ciiminal; of i things done upon, or beyond the Sea, in any part of she World; all tilings done upon the Sea Ci-fis, in all jo 6 SCjje ^Djcfciu State Ports and Havens, and upon all Rivers below the fi r ft Bridge next towards the Sea. The Lord Admiral hath the Power to Comrfiiffinnate a Vice-Admiral, a Rear-Admiral, and alii Sea Captains', j]| Deputies for particular Coafts ; Comers to view dead Bo- dies found on the Sea-Coafls, or at Sea', Commijfmrs ot Judges for exercifmg JuJiice in the Court of Admit ah, to iraprifon, releafe, &c. He hath fometimes a CommifGon to be flow Knighikl on fuch as fhall deferve it at Sea. To the Lord Admiral belongs, by Law and Cuftom, all Penalties and Amercements of all Tranfereffors at Sn, on the Sea-fbore, in Ports, and from the firft Eridge os Rivers towards the Sea •, alfo the Goods of Pirates, h Ions, or Capital Faulters , condemned, out-lawed, ot horned. Moreover, all Waifs, Stray Goods, Sea, Deodands, a (hare of all lawful Prizes, Lagon, ]n. fan, and Flotfin, as our Lawyers term it; that is, Goods lying in the Sea, on Ground, Goods floating on the So, and Goods cad away by the Sen on the Shore, n:< granted to Lords of Mannors adjoyning to the Seai All great Fillies, as Sea-Hogs, and other Fifhes of extract* dinary bignefs called Royal Fijhes, except only Whales ail Sturgeons. This High Office is at prefent executed by Sera Commiflioners, who (hall be hereafter named in & place. CHAP. XIII Of the Kings Court, the Ecclefafiical, Civil, anil Military Government thereof ; with a 0- ukgue of the Kings Vrivy-Cmmellors, of tit Kings Judges, Sergeants, &C. T H E Court of the King of Englandia Monarchy lviit; in a Monarchy, confiding of Ecclejiajiical, Civil as: Military Perfons and Government. of ENGLAND. 107 For the Ecclefiaflical Government of die King! Court, there is firfl a Dean of the Kings Chappcl, who is ufually I'omc gray learned Prelate, cliofen by the King, and who as Dean acknowledged! no Superior hut the King ; for as the King! Palace is exempt from all inferiour Temporal Jurifdiftion, fo is his Chappcl from all Spiritual; it is called Capelin Dominica, the Domain Chappcl, is not with¬ in the Jurifdiftion or Dioccfs of any Bifhop, hut asa/Je- gal Peculiar exempt and referved to the Visitation and im¬ mediate Government of the King, who is Supreme Ordi- Hal'), and as it were Prime Eilhop over all the Churches and Bifhops of England s By the Dean are cliofen all other Officers of the Chap¬ pcl, a Sub-dean, or Pc.ccentor Capell.t ; thirty two Gentlemen of the Chappel, whereof twelve are Piiejis, and one of them is ConfclTor to the Kings Houfhold, (Mr. Stephen Crifpian,) whofe Office is to read Prayers c- very morning to the Family, to vifit the Sick, to ex¬ amine and prepare Communicants, to inform fuch as dc- fire advice in any cafe of Confcience. or Point of Re¬ ligion, fyc. The other twenty Gentlemen, commonly called the Clerks of the Chappcl, are with the aforefaid Pried to perform in the Chappcl the Office of Divine Service, in Praying, Singing, £?r. One of rhefe being well skilled in Mufick, is cliofen Mailer of the Children, whereof there arc twelve in Ordinary, to indruft them in the Rules and Arc of Mufick, for the Service of the Chappcl. Three other of the faid Clerks arc cliofen to be Orga- nifts, to whom are joyned upon Sundays, Collar-days, and other Holy-days, a Confort of the King’s Mu- fi:k, to make the Chappcl Mufick more full and com- pleat. There are moreover four Officers called Vergers, from the Silver Rods carried in their hands, being a Sergeant, two Yeoman, and a Groom of the Chappcl. In the Kings Chapel thrice every day Prayers are Read, and Gods Service and Worfhip performed with great Decency , Order, and Devotion, and (liouhl be a Pattern to all other Churches and Ctuppcls of Eng- jo8 ©jc ipjefent j&ate The King hath alfo hit private Oratory, where feme of his Chaplains in Ordinary read Divine Service to the King on Working Days every Morning and ?very E- vening. Twelve Days in the Year, being high and principal Feftivals, his Majcfty after Divine Service, attended with his principal Nobility, adorned with their Collars of the Garter, together with fome of the Heralds in their Kith Coats, in a grave folemn manner ac the Altar, Ojftrs a fum of Gold to God, in figtim fpecialit Domini:, that by his Grace he is King, and holdeth all of him. All Offerings made at the Holy Altar by the King and Queen, did anciently belong to the difpofal of the Arch- bifhop of Canterbury, if his Grace were prefent, where- foever the Court was; but now to the Dean of the Chap, pel, to be diflributed amongft the Poor. Thofe twelve days arc, fir'd, Chriftmat, Eafler,Wbitfmitq , and Ad-faints, called Houfhold-days, upon which the Befit: or Gold to be offered, is delivered to the King by the Lori Steward, or fome“ other of the principal Officers: then Newyeart-day, Twelfth-day, upon the latter of which, Gill, Frankjncenfe, and liftrrhe, in feveral Purfes, are offered by the King: Lafllv, Candlemat, Annunciation, Afcention,Tti- nity-Sunday, St. John Baptjft, and Michaelmas-day , when only Gold is offered. Upon Chriftmat, Eafter, and Writ- funday, his Majefly ufually receives the Holy Sacrament, none but two or three of the principal Bifhops, and fome of the Royal Family communicating with him. The Gold offered by the King at the Altar when he receives the Sacrament, and upon high ’Feftivals, isflill called the Bi^anrine, which anciently was a piece of Gold, coined by the Emperors of Conftantinople, in Lacinc fii- Xantium. That which was ufed by King James the Firlf, was a piece of Gold, having on the one fide the Pourtrait of the King kneeling before an Altar, with Four Crowns before him, and with this Motto circumfcribcd- Quidtt- tribuam Domino pro omnibus qua tribuit mihi ? and on the other fide was a Lamb lying by a Lycn, with this Motto, ii 7. Cor mtritum Imiliaiiim non defpiciet Dm. , Cljaplair.S-’l The King hath alfo 48 Chaplains in 0ft ditiary, who are ufually eminent Dcfiors in Divinity, whereof I of ENGLAND. 109 Lhcreof four every Month wait at Court to preach in ! t j,c Chappel on Sundays, and other Feftivals before the | King, and In the Morning early on Sundays before the Houfhold, to read Divine Service before the King, out of Chappel daily (as aforementioned,) twice in the Kings private Oratory, to give Thanks at Table in the Clerk of the Clofet’s abfence, In the time of Lent, according to ancient laudable cu- (lorn, the Divine Service and Preaching is performed in a more folemn manner. JUllt Sermon#.'] Anciently in Court there were Sermons in Lent only, and that in the Afternoon, in the open Air, and then only by Bifhops, Deans, and prin- pil Prebendaries: Our Anceltors judging that time c- nougli, and thofe perfons only fit to teach fitch an Audi¬ tory their Duty to God and Man. Anciently alfo tile Lat Preachers were all appointed by the Archbifliop of Canterbury: Now on the firfl Wednefday, called Ajhwed- tt[h, in the Morning, begins the Dean of the Chappel to preach, on each Wednefday after one of his Majeflics more a uent Chaplains, every Friday the Dean of fome Ca¬ rol or Collegiate Church: On the laft Friday called C-oi-Friday, is always to preach the Dean of IVeftminfler ; in every Sunday in Lent fome Kiyjit Rewend Bifhip prcachctlt, and on rite laft Sunday of Lent, called Palm- W.t;, is to preach an Archbifhop, and upon Eajier-day, the Lord High Almoner, who difpoferh of the Kings Alms, and for due ufe received! fbcfidcs other Moneys allow- cd by the King) iWDeodands, & bona Felonum defe to be that way difpoftd, whereof more afterwards. In France, the Aumofnier is Principal of all Ecckfiafiic\s of the Court, and all Officers of the King’s Chappel; he reccivcdi their Oaths of Allegiance, and himfclf fwears [only to the King for thac Office ; lie ihath the difpo- jfition of all Holpitals, die rliargc for delivering Piifo- ! I£ fs, pardoned by die King, at his coming to the Crown, [of at his Coronation, or firft entrance into any of jtis Cities. j Under the Lord High Almoner, there is a Sul-Almoner , two Teaman, and two G 'rooms of the Almonry, Ecfides no acije $jcfcnt State Eefides all thefe, the King hath a Clerk of the Clofc, or Confelfor to hisMajefty, who is commonly fome verend, Difcreet Divine, extraordinarily cfteemed l; his Majefty, whofe Office is to attend at the King’s Rigw Hand during Divine Service, to rcfolvc all Doubts au earning Spiritual Matters, to wait on his Majefty in ij private Oratory or Clofcr, whereof the Keeper is whole Fee is 5 l. The prefent Dean of the Chappcl is Dr. Hem) Cmp , Eilliop of London, whofe Fee is 200 /■ yearly, and a Tt ble ; his Sub-Dean is Dr. William Holder, whofe Ftt is 100 /. yearly. The Fee of each Pried, and Clerk of the Chappel, 5 70 l. yearly. The Clerk of the Clofct is Dr. Bilk; of receives 20 Nobles Fee per Annum. The Lord High Almoner is the Lord Bifliop of St. Ajiji. Dr. William Lh)d , liath no Fee, his Sub-Almoner is Jo flor William Holder , whofe Fee is 6 l. 6 s. 10 d. There arc belonging to the Kings Chappcl, three Or- ganifts, vi{. Dr. William Child. Dr. John Blow , who is alfo Matter of the Children the Chappel. Mr. Hem > Parcel. All eminent for their Great Compofition and skill h Mufick. Mr. Thomas Blagrave is Clerk of the Check. Tit reft of the Gentlemen of the Chappel, are Great Matters alfo in the Science of Mufick, and mod Exquifue Fer- formers, as, Mr. William Turner , I Mr. Thomas Heywad. Mr. James Han. Mr. Alphonfo Maifh. Mr. - Go(lin. Mr. Stephen Crifpms. Mr. - Abel. | Mr. Leonard Woodjon. n °8 0: w Frontive , Yeoman, 1 Mouth, to the Queen, and > 5 00 o, toper of Ice and Snow—> tfard Jones, Yeoman- 5 co 0( '■mil Clarli, Yeoman-- 5 co o- J mts Hymans, Yeoman, Fidd 7 to the King--- J 5 00 °< blip Lemon,Yeomm, Field to 7 the Queen—..- j 5 00 oe '•tries Watts, Groom- 2 13 01 33nttm>. Her Bethon,] Gcntf and Yco-" 1 man——..___ d 11 °8 ci II? Annum. Board-wages, 455 <3 °4 73 00 00 73 00 00 54 15 00 54 >5 00 37 06 08 73 oS 08 45 00 co 37 06 08 37 06 c8 48 n 10 J 55 co 00 37 06 08 37 cS 08 37 o 5 c8 48 n ioj. 48 II ioj 55 co co 45 GO 00 45 00 00 45 00 co 45 co 00 37 °5 08 48 11 10;, D.n:d %\)t g))efcut State David Lloyd, Yeoman- Henry Coc\Jeige - John Murray, Groom-- Thomas Jones, Groom-■ fjpictrp- fofeph Somners, Efq;, 1 ' Joynt L Charles Toll, Efq;, j Clerks j Ctjanoicrp. Daniel Veering, Efq;, Serjeant Richard Volgins, Yeoman-- John Higham, Yeoman-• Rich.rd Tall, Groom-- Thomas Pave}, Groom-■ John Mellon, Groom---- donfcttiotiarp. John Du Ccmmun, Yeoman- Peter Mortimer, Yeoman'- Peter Derains, Groom- w Richard Tomman, Groom- Benjamin Potdagc, Yeoman- Jofias Poa/rer,Yeoman- Per Annum. Wages. Board-mil 1 13 04 2 13 04 1 13 04 37 °(Sci 37 06 cj 37 o 5 cj 37 06 cj 37 06 ci 37 o 5 ;i 13 04 13 04 Peter Berry, Groom-- Edreard Reddijh, Groom- jC.auututfs'. Mrs. Jane Potter, l.aundrcfs of. the Table and Hou(hold-Lin- ( 20 feingtf Jair.es Clarlg, Efq;, Chief Clerk 44 Charles Ijj'ac, Efq;, 2d Clerk- 11 Thomas tt'eb, Efq;, $d Clerk- 11 Patrick Lamb, Efq;- Mafier Cook 11 Vlriclt Hontincr, Yeoman, Mouth 5 jefeph Cent Livre, Yeoman, l’ot-f tagier--- 5 5 John Lincieomb, Groom-2 James Beaceer, Groom-- 2 Gabriel Cooper, Child--—- 2 < 13 04 - ‘3 °4 of ENGLAND tilip Drew, Child- »o Scourers- iv Turnbroclics- at .Door keeper- &iimi0&ibpfeifcl)cn it, a Gt/be^Elq^Mafter Cook :/piat Leimheck, Yeoman mail Hichj, fYeoman- mi Wdkd(_, Groom- ,tlxf Bencher, Groom - kSell, Child- 5am Golding, Child- no icourers- SurTurnbrochcs- |ae Door-keeper--- fouffjolo Mclim. Iwr Smith, Elq;, Mailer Cook !•}» Timtfon, Yeoman- —- hr/Sanies, Groom- h Prichard, Child--- lam Arnold, Child-- sir Turnbroclics--- K Door-keeper- idnrDfr- •J;er Li/nif, Yeoman- {i Smith, Yeoman-- Mat Howard, Groom -- 1 ‘ Wkildctt, Groom-. 3lrnrrp. w Halje), Efq;, Serjeant— < S^jElqi-JoyntOcrks VhMa)o, Yeoman of the Sale - ) Stores- j ^otilfrrp. S"M«a, Elqi) clerk- 4 13 04 13 c d no %\)t JBiefent &tate Per Arnun. Wages. Board w.fjii, Andrew Whittingham, Yeoman— 50000 45 00 00 Efme Claris, Groom-- 15 04 57 o 5 o 3 Anthony Scarlet, Groom-2 <3 04 37 o 5 08 jscalDingsljotife. James Qoodwinn, Yeoman - 5 co 00 45 00 03 John Cranwell, Yeoman-- 5 00 00 45 00 00 John Thornburgh, Groom- 2 13 04 37 o 5 08 Henry Torl^, Groom-2 13 c 4 37 ° 5 £ 8 3&attrp. Matthew Perkins, Efq;, Clerk— 6 13 04 73 oS o 3 Patrick, Lamb, Yeoman--' 5 00 00 45 00 03 Samuel Brown, Yeoman- 5 00 00 4$ 00 03 William Murray, Groom-2 1304 37 06 08 Groom- 2 13 04 37 06 0! OneSaIfary*man-- 30 00 co One Furner- 30 00 m £cilllen>. Robert Manning, Efq;, Clerk- 6 13 04 73 06 c8 Thomas Hardiman. Yeoman—— 5 00 0 o 45 00 oo Francis Forefter, Yeoman- 5 co 00 45 00 oc James Tooth', Groom- 2 13 04 37 c6 c8 Samuel Farley, Groom - 2 13 04 37 c 5 c8 Thomas Robinfon, Page-.— 2 00 0 o 33 00 co John Alfip, Page-2 00 co 33 co » James Redd, Child-2 cc 00 33 00 c: Jofliua Nightingale, Child-2 00 00 33 co or Tmmas Fox, Child — .-2 00 00 33 co or Two Pan-keepers — .- 6 c co 0 Hottogan). JohnThompfin, Efq;, Clerk-d >3 04 73 co cJ Edward Sijhn, Yeoman-5 co 00 45 00 C1 Jafper Engiijh, Groom— — 2 13 04 37 o5 cJ Leonard Hancock^ Groom- 2 1 3 04 37 cd harbingers:. “S?- Ef - G '"'}" *«* «• " WilliamToger, Efq;, the like—11 08 oil- 48 it i ; : William Wall, Yeoman — 5 00 00 45 co a of ENGLAND. m Per Annum. Wages: Beard-wages Ugh Jones, Yeoman — — — 5 0000 45 00 00 W La Rock., Yeoman—-■ 50000 450000 Jims T)C, Yeoman-5 00bo 45 00 00 liJiiWi Merrit, Yeoman- 5 00 00 45 00 00 atlmonerp. bithan Blagraxe, Sub-Almoner d 18 00 'mat Norris, Yeoman-5 00 00 450000 khrd Bennet, Groom- 2 13 04 37 06 08 $ojfer# at ©ate. 0ael Hubert, Efq; Serjeant— 11 08 or'. 108 11 10-! JAnDawJon, Yeoman- 50000' 45 00 00" iicbardMiller, Yeoman-5 00 00 45 co 00 buriesSeagar, Yeoman- 5 00 00 45 00 00 ’m Kinton, Groom--- 2 13 04 37 0 6 08 M/i Gibbons, Groom - 2 13 04 37 od 08 limes Lovett, Groom-2 13 04 37 06 08 Cartaker#. braid Mi'.er, Yeoman-50000 450000 'hies Scoresb)-, Yeoman-. 5 00 00' 45 co 00 Mn Pevenhmert, Yeoman- 50000 45 00 00 imi Kilma)tie, Groom- 2 13 04 370 6 08 W 1 Blackwell, Groom-- 13 04 37 c 5 08 John Pieman, Groom'- 2 ia 04 27 ofi c3 fDfficcr# of the ipall. Varies Parfons, Martha!-13 00 08'- 18 05 00 9am Everal, Daily Waiter— 2 00 00' 28 00 00 John Kemp, Waiter-2 00 co ■ 28 00 go fomat Moidf, Waiter-2 00 00 28 00 co $0?tcr at j&t-. James’#. Kff; Rainsford, Yeoman- 5 00 00 a< 00 00 CockanDCrper Warn Sampfin - ,0 c , Q0 Stage. JirnHardeJlt, Clerk-d 13 04 23 od c8 Uert White, Coroner-d 13 04 23 od c 3 ^oom jdurbepo^# of tljc JUnjj Ore#. 522 EJj* giefcnt fttate Per Annum. H'-.^es. Board-wit!, 'Kim-'bmexg. Two--"-4 co oo 26 oo m tUitK^o^Erg. Two-,- 4 00 co Note, That the Clerks of the particular Offices fuccced to the Acater/, and from thence to the Kitcbtn, Spice,y l9 Aver/ as Vacancies happen, and thence to, the Board c{ -Green death, in their fcveral degrees from the young, eft Cletl^ComptrolIer, 8cc. to the Cofferer, and not fa, ■ther. Note alfo. That in each Office there is a Succefljj] from one to another; as one of the Children may toa* to be Groom, then Yeoman, then Gentleman, thenSer- igeant, as he happens to out-live them above him. They wait upon, and appoinc the Kings, Queens, a] ■Houfiiold Diets every other Month, and wait upon ft- reign Princes, when his Majcfty gives them Entertain, mefit. The Chief Clerk keeps all the Records, Ledge- Books, and Papers relating to that Office * makes up :3 Eills, Parcels, and Debentcrs for Salaries, ire. and Pro vifions and Necellarics, ilTuing from the Offices of tht Pantry , Eu'tery; and Cellar: Keeps account of, ar-d makes up the remains with feveral other Duties, which oblige him to conftant Waiting The fecond Clerk waits upon the Diet as abovefaid, and attend the King and Queen in'h.ii PregretVes, whm appointed by the Green-Cloth. This fecond Clerk min on all Foreign Ambaflltdors and Strangers, when tht King gives them Entertainment. Note, Thar there is waiting upon the King an O.Ticerof high Reputation, called Knight Marlhal, who is Vita: Flitters ot Dattjord. 1 ? ofENGL AND. •A Lift of bit Majeftfs Officers and Servants in Ordinary above-fairs. Ord Chamberlain, the Right Honourable Charles Earl of , Dorfet and Middlefex, whofe Salary is 100 /. Board- in i ico/.per annum. iice-Chamberlain, Sir John I wrier, Bar. whofe Salary is /,I3J. 4 d. Board-Wages 492 /, 15 1 , John Pettits Jit. James Compton Efq; md Lloyd Efq; | Thomas Boteler Efq; Their Salaries 33 l. 6 s. 8 d. eich per annum. * Cfcsmmer Efg; / Jcfob Rojfmgton Efg; mr^WewEfq; | Sir foierr Kt. Their Salaries 33 /. 6 r. 8 rf. each per annum. ■John Skelton, 1 A'rciote Fcnn Efq; 't Smntclair Efq; | Richard Smith Elq; Their Salaries 33 1.6s. Bd. cach./w annum. Efquircs of the Body. Kinged Efq; _ ^ Sal. 33V. 6 s. .8 d. each per '■■Office is to guard the King’s Perfon by Night, to . " atth, and to give the Word, and to keep good ;n the whole Houfe by Night; as the Lord Chamber- 41115 fiber Officers are to do by Day. ii4 Elje JBjJfent &tate Fort) Eight Gentlemen of the Priv) Climber , in (j r , dinar), viz. The Right Honourable the I Earl of Mount alexander. The Right Honourable the Lord Vifcount Buttavant. | Sir William Harvard Kt. Sir Walter Plun^et Kt. Sir James Hambleton Kt. Sir ParbeckTempte Kt. Sir Matthew Andrews Bar. Charles Nicol. E)re Efq; Sir James chamberlen Bar. Sir Philips Coote Kt. Sir Robert Bartyam Ear. Sir Thomas Piers Bar. William Hambleton Efq; Sir Robert Bacon Ear. Sir JamesCaldvellBir. Sir John AfhfeldKt. Sir Thomas Wifeman Kt. Sir John Clayton Kt. Francis Brom Efq; 5 Sr John Sparrow Kr. Edward BulwerEfqi Charles KillegrewEiq. John Spicer Efq; ’ Dalbj Thomas Efq; William Killegrew Efq; Sir Francis larch) Bar. Sir Thomas GranthamXt, Sir John Morton Bar. John Duvall Efq; Sir Thomas Ogle Kt, Sir Edmund Andrews Et, Roger Whitley Efq; James Hambleton Efq; Cbrijlian Deanker Efq; Thomas WheateEfc Trac) Ketchmay Efq; 'Nicholas Stephens Efq; Sir Edward Evelin Bar, Sir James Claris Kt. Sir Robert Killegrew Kt The Honourable M Annefley Efq; Sir Thomas Nevil Bar. Sir William Langhmtbe Sir Francis Vincent Kt, John lemot Homwmdl\\ Richard Courtney Efq; Thomas Waller Efq; Sir James Ajlrey Kt, Gentlemen-Vfhers of the Privy Chamber. Sir EdwardSuttonKc. I Spencer Gerard Efq; Sir John Elloways Kt. I Henry Aujlin Efq; Their Salary 30/, Board-wages 50 /. each ptr In *he Prefeme-Chamber , Gentlemen Ufliers, daily 1 ters in Ordinary, arc four, whereof the firft hath confiderable Office of Black. Rod, and in time of ft ment, is to attend every Day the Lord’s Houfe, antic of ENGLAND. 115 i Ufer of the molt Honourable Order of the Garter. In- Lie Houfe of .Lords lie hath a Seat without the Bar, and when the King will command the Houfe of Commons to- attend him ill the Houfe of Lords, lie always fends die fad, who is fo called from a Black Staff which he bears in his Hand. To his Cufiody alfo are Delinquents, committed by the Lords, and lie is imployed in fitting up- the lord’s Houfe before the fitting of Parliament, and after¬ ward for introducing Lords into that Houfe. The Four Gcntlcmen-Uflicrs daily Waiters. Sir Tkviuit Duppa Kc. Gentleman-llflicr, dai.y Waiter, and Rod. Fleetwood Sheppard Efq; i Jeremy Babb Efq; >150 /. each per Annum. David Michel Efq; J Their Office is to wait in the Vrcfcncc-C.h.imher , and to attend next the King's Perfon; and after the Lord Chamberlain, and the Vice-Chamberlain, to or¬ der all Affairs; and all under Officers above Stairs arc :c. obey thefe. Next are the Gentlemen-Vfhen , Quarter-Waiters in Ordinary, in number Eight, vi{, Nathaniel Hammond Efq; Affiftantto the Dailj-H'.titers^ Sal. 8e l. per Ann. Ruberr jrg^uEfq; | Jeremy Chaplain Efq; Anthon) Mum) Efq; James Me)rkh_ Efq; henry Cooling Efq; William Smith Efq; Francis Ajhton Efq; , | Alexander Griffith Efq; Their Salary 50/. each per Annum. Tlicfe wait alfo in the F refence Chamber, and arc to give Dircftion in the abfence of the Gcntlemen-Ufhers Dailv Waiters, to the Grooms and Pages, and other Under-Offi¬ cers, who are to atceiid inallO^cer, next below the Gcnrle- men-Ufhers, Quarter-Waiters, n6 SC&efjcfent &tate Grooms of the Privy Chamber, Robert Thompfon, Efq; I Humphrey Gr• 4 <1- P er /im e,c "* The Four Purfuhmts are thefe, tk- John Gibbon, Gent. Blewmantle. Laurence (.romp, Gent. Portcuilice. Peter Le Neve, Gent. Rouge-croix. Hugh Clopton, Gent. Rouge Dragon. Their Salaries 20 /. each per Annum. Hie Offices of which Heralds and Purfuivantt, btfifc their Services all, or fome of them) at great So- lemnitics, as aforcfaid, are, together with the faidifeji of Arms, to attend at all publick Solemnities; and they, or feme of them to proclaim War or Peace, carry Defiit ccs fummon fortified Places, or Rebels in Arms, proto Traitors; and to do their bell Service in whatfotvet re* teth to the Nobility and Gentry of this Realm, in points Honour and Arms. Serjeants at Arms. Sir Roger Narfenet Kt. Thomas Topbam Efq; Orlando Pits S)mons Efq; John Templer Efq; Thomas Charmed Efq; Their Salary 100 (John Tophams Efq; Edmund Williamjwfify 1 Rickard Shoreditch Elft 1 Philip R)ley Efqp 1 L each Per Annum. Grtei of ENGLAND. i ?t Groom-Porter Thomas Neal Efcj; Salary 11. 13 s. 4 d. ■Board-wages 127 /. 15 s. The Office of Groom-Porter is to fee the King’s. Lodgings furnilhed with Tables, Chairs, Stools, hi¬ ring; To provide Cards, Dice, fac, to decide Difputes as¬ hling at Cards, Dice, Bowlings, $v. Mailer of the Revels. Henr)K}llegre»E(^ HisSalary 10/. per Annum. Whofe.- Office is to order all things concerning Comedies and; Mafques at Court. His Yeoman- Hank , 461.11 s.Z d. Knight-Harbinger Simon Smith Efq; His Salary 100 V fer Annum. Gentleitien-Harbingers. li’iili.tm To^er Efq; 1 -. h ... mbrnmiteJielJEftif EaCh 50 4 ' Officers of the Wardrobe. The King hath (bolides the great Wardrobe, whereof tn particular Account (hall be given elfewhere) divers (land- 1 ing Wardrobes ac Whitehall, Windjbr, Hampton-Court, the Tmirol London,Oreenn>ich,icc. whereof there are divtrs: Keeper of the Standing-Wardrobe Daniel Child Efqj., «hofc Board- wages is 117 /. 15 s. fer Annum.. Lahly, There is the Removing Wardrobe, which always ••• attends upon the Perfon of the King, Chieen, and the. Children, attends alfo upon Ambalfadors, upon: Ghriften-- ngs, Mafques, Plays, fa. ac the command-of the Lord! Chain.-. j ZElic ^jefeitt j&tate | Chamberlain, who hath the difpofing of the vacant pla«<, Here are Six Officers. One Yeoman of the Removing-Wardrobe Timm Jj ; f, mile Efq; whofc Salary is 120 1. per Annum, Two Grooms of the Wardrobe, Peter Hume Efq; vat ban Chaife Efq; each 130/. per Annum, Three Pages of the Wardrobe. Mr. limits Tyler, Mr. Michael Baling ( Each 100 l. per Annum, Mr. Chrijlopher Smith. J The Salary of the Yeoman was aoo t. of each Groca tool, and of each Page 1.0 Marks. To all thefe toge. thcr wire allowed Six Difhes each Meal All Moveables!* longing otiiis Wardrobe, are at length divided into three parts, whereof the Yeoman hath one for his own ufe, [he Grooms anothc r, and the Pages the third part. Keeper of the Private Armory Monfieur Pierce Gneci 1 de Bea'ubuijfon, whole Salary is 13 l.6s. id. Board-waga 16 l 13 s. 4 d per Annum. Surveyor of the Chamber and Dreffcr Mr. George Iff!- lir.gton, ac 11 /. 8 s. 1 d. per Annum. Houfe-keepcr at White-Hall, Piercp Kirk. Efq; Salary 650 /. per Annum. Theater-keeper at White-Hall Mr. John Chub, Salary 30 / per Annum. Two Gallery-keepers, Mr.Richard Champion, Mr. It® tm runlet , 3 s. each per diem, Melfengers in Ordinary. of ENGLAND. Mr. Philip Maddox, Mr. Nicholas Hill. Mr. Hint) Legat. Mr. John Thompfon. Mr. Thomas Smith. Mr. Thomas Davis. Mr. Thomas Bea £. Mr. William Richardfon. Mr. St.John Taylor. Mr. Ralph Gibbs, j Mr. Hem) Evans. Mr. John Logins. Mr. James Kitfon. Mr. Job Bale. Mr. George Coilins. Mr. William Knight. Mr. Ralph Ttrng. ■ Mr. James Manners. Mr. Simon Chapman. Mr. Henry Sheldon. Mr. William Sharp. Mr. John Symonds. Mr. Samuel Cool;. Mr. Peter Nervlyn. Mr. Francis Clark.. Mr- William Sutton. Mr. Edward Gibbs. Mr. George Fry. Mr. Stephen Gythins. Mr. John Jones. Mr. Henry Allen. Mr. Richard Poyhe. Mr. Chriftopher Seymour. Mr. John King. Mr. John Freeman. Mr. George Shipfide. Mr. Charles Keynge. Mr. Charles Marife. Mr, Robert Knowles. Mr. Peter Marifco. Their Salaries 49 l.jt.6 (/.each per Annum. Meifenger of the Prefs Mr. Robert Stephens. His Salary 5c/. per Annum. Mailer Falconer Charles Duke of St Albans. His Salary 1 ;co I. per Annum. Serjeant of the Hawks William Ruffel Efq; Sal. 136 1 . p Annum. Mailer of the Hart and Euckhounds James de Gajligny Efq; who for himfelf and Huntfmen is allowed 1341 l. p Annum. Rangers. Of St. James's Park William Harked Efq; Sal. 60 1 . Rr Annum. Of Hide Park William Chiffinch Efq; Sal. 6c l. Mailer of the Barges Mr. Warner, Sal. 50 /. Mailer of theTeimk-Comts Cape. Henry Villitrs, icol, Phyfciant Phyflcians in Ordinary to His Majeftics Pcrfon, Dr. John /Alton, His Salary is 400 I, per Annum, Dr. Charles Frasier, 200 1 . Dr. William Stoheham. Sal. 300 /. per Annum. Dr. Thomas Goodman, Sal. 250 l. per Annum, Phyflcian in Ordinary tt> the King and (Queens Royal Pcrfons. Dr. Cbrifttan H Manning ; to each 1S I. Six Coachmen, Dericf. Storl^, Jacob de Grave, fat Tonng, William Welch, Samuel Relby, William Noble ; i each 73 /. Sixteen Footmen, George Sewell, John Haycodi, hn Callop, John Davis, Ifaac While, Thomas Hall, Rids Sampfon, John Cooper, John Scarping, Giles VandstN, Jacob Wigering, John Wat^e, Abraham Barton, Cnnfi- drn\Bed, Daniel Fan Breda, John Van Lavei i;to« : 53 c of ENGLAND. i 4l Four Chairmen; to each 36 1 . per Annum, Twenty One Grooms; to each 54 /, per Annum, One Eottlc-Groom, 54 /. One Page of the Back-Stairs, 31 /. One Mcflcnger 15 /. One Porter of the Movs 18/. There is (befides fome other Officers, not here named ) taancient Officer in the King s Houlhold, called Clerk, of tit Market, who within the Verge of the Ring's Houlhold, is to keep a Standard of all Weights and Meafurcs; and to burn all falfe Weights and Meafurcs; and from the Pattern of this Standard are to be taken all the Weights and Meafurcs of the Kingdom- There are divers oth- r Officers belonging to the King, of treat Importance, which ire not fubordinate to any the Three fore-mentioned trie.it Officers, as Muller of the Crest Wardrobe, Pcfl-Kijler, Matter of the Ordnance, tvicn of the Mint: whereof in the Second Parc of this Eook- In the Court of liin.' James the Firft, there were ma- Wj me Officers, and co many Offices there belonged many mtrePerfor.s, which Kirg Charles the Firft, and our late King Charles the Second, and the late King, much lclfened, and the prefent King now reigning, hath yet lclfened much Upon the King are alfo attending in his Court, the Lords of the Privy-Council, Secretaries of State, the Reverend Judff' , the Learned Collcdge of Civilians, the Kings Council at Law, the King's Serjeants at Law, the Matters of Kequetts, Cltrks of the Signer, Clerks of the Council, Keeper of the Paper-Office, or Papers of State , See, of all whom take the Catalogue following. ffiije fjefent jftate The Names of the Right Honourable the Loris and others of His Madefies mofi Honomik Trivj Council. 1 S Royal Highnefs Prince George of Denmark His Grace John Lord Archbifliop of CiMin- H 1 burr- Thomas Marquifs of Carmarthen, Lord Prefidenc of the Council. Hemy Duke of Norfolk., Earl Marlhal of England, Charles Duke of Bolton. William Duke of Hamilton. George Marquefs of Halifax. Charles Marquefs of Winchefier. Robert Earl of Lindfiy, Lord Great Chamberlain cl England. William Earl of Devonfhire, Lord Steward of Their | Majefties Houfhold. Charles Earl of Dorfet, Lord Chamberlain of Their ft jellies Houlhold. Aubrey Earl of Oxford. Cbasles Earl of Shrewsbury, mlliarn Earl of Bedford. Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. John Earl of Bridgewater. Joins Earl of Bathe. Charles Earl of Macclesfield. Daniel Earl of Nottingham, Their Majefties Principal! Ma jelly. Thomas Earl of Fanlconberg. Charles Earl of Monmouth. Ralph Earl of Montague. Jtdm Earl of Marlborough. Richard Earl of Scarborough. Arthur Earl ol Tmington. Of ENGLAND. J 4 S Hint) Earl of Warrington, £ZS V,rC "‘ *** tWr M,. 1 Mty Lord Bifhop of London. Sjdnejt Lord Godolphin, aj* ! -,«,, Sp „ l „ oftktaMt Capel, Kt. fcKwt"" ^ C “f ,ro "'' " f M,j,. sK"* I ? l ‘ ; ; jirc ’ Mjflcr of the Mr. |« Majcfl,cs Ork'ncc and ^ LKUKMnt Gencral of 1 £ W *1$/ Efn uire.* Efquirc. #•«'« Efquire. te;. A ;.z ,h “ ,l,e c ™ is *®TnS$ Itecs, nv -'' Scal ’ ailcl two Secretaries, are of all Com- The 144 ffilje fjefcnt j&tate The Names of thefe Committees are, The Committee for Intelligence* The Committee for Ireland. The Committee for Trade, and Foreign Plantation!, Alfo forconfideration of the Affairs of the Ides of Jer/e; and Guernfer, and the little Ifles depending on them. The Clerks of the Council, Sir John Nicholas, Knight I Charles Momtague, Eli;; 0 f the Bath. ■ Richard Coking. Efq; miharn Blathwait, Efq; | There are Two Keepers of the Council-Chamber, Mr. Benjamin Cooling, ■ 1 Salary to each is 50 1 , p Mr. Nathaniel Cox, j . Annum. Ihe prefent Principal Secretaries of State, are, Daniel Earl of Nottingham, whofe Board-wages i 730 /. per Annum. Henry Vifcount Sidney, vyl l. Secretary of Scotland, John Earl of Melvin, 100 1 . The Clerks of the Signet are, Sir John Nicholas, Knight of the Bath. Sir Nicholas Trmbald, Knight Nicholas Maurice, Efqnire. John Gauntlet, Efq; cl; of ENGLAND. ■ r 45 Chris of the Privy-Seal, are, Sir Charles Bickerfiaff f Knight, John Matthews, Efq; 7 limit Watlfins, Efq; John Bam, Efq; Mr. George Littlefield, Office-keeper. Us Sergeant and Office of Trumpets of the King’s Hettfhold. SCrgCant TrUmpCr ’ HiS Salar >' 160 '• William Shore. William Bull. Ikmas Harwell. \ Richard Marfh. \}h Seignior. \Hemy Davant. ! Daniel Lefevor. kthm) Ragrpaf. John Stevetifm. b ranch Giddins. Jarvh Walter. John d'Ovefot. Bernard Vanbattom. Nicholas it With. Chrifiian Pal. 'There is Sixteen Trumpets in Ordinary; the lafinf There is one Avorn Kettle-Drum in Ordinary tlurlv 8 tlle officc of Trumpets, Robert MogrigJ. i! J l°j... tllc s ' xtec n Trumpets and Kettle-Drum flfte ^jcfcut jtote of the Chief Courts of Judicature. W Hercas anciently the Courts of Juflice were held in the King’s Palace, and at this day Wagon! Liveries arc given to the King’s Judges, Serjeants, fa n will not be unreafonablc to number them amongft % Majeilies Domeftick Servants. In the High Court of Chancery are Three Lords Cox. miflionersof the Great Seal, Sir John Trevor, Knight. Sir William Rarvlinfon, Knight. Sir George Hutchins, Knight. The Honourable Henry Povole, Efq; Mailer of theM, whofe Secretary is Mr. John Rawltnfon, There are Twelve Mailers of Chancery, whereof tk Mailer of the Rolls isone, andare thefe following: Henry Powle, Efq; Sir Lacon William Child. Sir John Hoskins. Sir John Franckjin. Sir Adam Oatley. Sir Robert Legard. John Edisbury, LL. D. Sir James Allrej. Sir Miles Coot- Roger Meredith, Efq; John Mcthwyn, Efq; Samuel Recfr, Efq; The prefenc Six Clerks, are, Sir Robert Marfbam, Kt. 1 Littleton Vowel, Efqi Sir William Perkins, Kr. Richard Garth, m ShenUBrmm , I Bafil Herne, El® of ENGLAND. fa' 0 1 i ,lcfe Maftcrs of Chancery ate always to attend 'u Lord Chancellor, or Lord KecDer un fn t,IC Court of King's Bench. y B th m Knight ’ Lord Chicf J uftice °f the The other Juflices are, Sir William Dolhen. Sir William Gregory. Sir Giles Eyre. In the Court of Common-Pleas. fe!£, H d°ear able S ' r Him) ™ eXfen ‘ Rn!g,K) lorJ Sir John Panel. Sir Thomas Rool^by. Pftfon Ventris, Efq; dead. In the Court of the Exchequer. TnT/'P"’’ Knight of thc Ba,h > Lord Chief Ea- ol 'I )t Exchequer, and Speaker of the Houfeof Lords. Sir Edward Nevil, Kt. f Sir Nicholas Letchmore, Kti Barons. Sir John Tartan, Kr. J Gorge Bradbury, fify Curfito r Baron. H Tl.tir i 4 8 SCiieJDicftnt $tate Their Majejlies Attorney, and Sollicitor Gems > their Sergeants, and Learned Council, ad it; ether Sergeants at Law. A Ttorncy General, Sir George Treiy, Knight, Sollicitor General, Sir John Somers, Knight. Their Majefties Council at Law. Sir William Williams, Knight and Earonet. Sir Charles Porter, Knight. Sir William Whitlock., Knight. Mr. Coders. Mr. Trevor. Mr. Cooper. Their Majcfties Sergeants at Law. Sir Amlrofe Philips. . Sir Nathaniel Bond. Sir William Thompfm. Sir Francis Tremens, Sir William Wogan. ' Sir John Trenchiwd. Sir Robert Shaftoe, Knight. Sir Francis Pemberton, Kt. Thomas Rawlins, Efq; Thomas Stronde, Efq; Edward Bigland, Efq; Sir Crefwel Leuintt, Kt. John Windham, Efq;, Edwin Wiat, Efq; Edward Birch, Efq; Anthony Farington, Efq; JohnJeffrefin, Efq; Thomas Bowel, Efq; John Tate, Efq; John Ti.nrbnrn, Efq; William Pawlet, Efq; Henry Hatfel, Efq; Uilliam Killingworib, Hugh Hodges, Efq; Thomas Geers, Efq; Chrifttpher Milton, Era John Powel, Efq; Sir Francis H'/7/j/w,Ke| William Lcffant, Efq; John Rolheram, Efq; V. Dcnn, Efq; • Salathiel Lovel, Efqi Sir Henry Chancy, Ecf Henry Trinder, Efq; 1 Henry Fuller, Efq; John Blencow, Elq; Roger Belwood, Elqi i$o 2 E!)e gjefm State Charles 'Morley, Efq; Batchelor of Laws, Chancellor t the Diocefe of Winchefier. Dr. Pepper, Chancellor of the Diocefe of Norwich. Dr. Baily, Chancellor of the Diocefe of Bath andlWi, Dr. Wajnwright, Chancellor to the Diocefe of chtjln,' Dr. fines. Chancellor of the Diocefe of Bridal. Dr. Pennington, Chancellor of the Diocefe of 8,n$r, Dr. Powel, Chancellor of the Diocefe of St. Afaph. Dr. Nicholas, Chancellor of the Diocefe of Carlijh. Dr. Henry AUmrth, Chancellor of the Diocefe of Or-, Dr. Richard Parkin, Chancellor of the Diocefe of eh crjler. The Honourable- Montague, Chancellor of th Diocefe of Durham. Dr. film Cook , Chancellor of the Diocefe of £/y. ‘>'r. .Michael Geddis, Chancellor of the Diocefe often Dr. Henry Jones, Chancellor of the Diocefe oiitd:- fir. -- Bathejl, Judge-Advocate of the Navy, film elements, Efo; RcgiiTer of the Arches Count (•.infer wry. fihn Bryan, Gent. Afhtary of the fame. Orlando Gee, Efq; Rcgifter of the High Court of Mi raltv. Everard Exton, Efq; Eatchelor of Laws, Principal (t gilfcr of the Prerogative Courc of Canterbury, and of ill Arch-Deaconry of London. DOCTORS of Law who arc Sir William Trumbal, Kt. Dr. fifeph Tat lor. 2 : Charles Davenant. Dr Pifher Littleton. Dr. John St. John. Dr George Se'ampfton. Dr. Stephen Waller. not Chancellors. Dr. Matthew Ttndal, Dr. John Conant. Dr- Thomas Lane. Dr. Richard Paget, Dr. Bryan Walton. Dr. John Harwood, Dr. John RudJIon, PR of ENGLAND: >5* PR 0 CT O R S in the Arches Court of Canterbury. Samuel Francium, Efq;, Mr. Tlmai Sheppard. Mr. Ralph Suclfley. Mr. Keate Walker. Fvitard Exfan, Efq; Mr. Edward Share. Mr. Milium Cole. Mr. John Lovel'. Mr, John Hill. Mr. Richard Martin. Mr. Richard Ncwuurt. Mr .John Roberts. Mr. Thomai Smith. Mr. Robert Bargrave. Mr. Franck Nixon. Mr. John Tomlinfm. Mr, Robert Chapman, Mr. George Saver. Mr, Thomas Tillot. Mr. Robert Confialle. Mr, Thomas Swallow, Mr. Robert Pierfon. Mr, Peter Barret. Mr. John Pladewel. Mr. Godfrey Lee. Mr. John Chafe. Mr. Thomas Rock. Mr. Jofeph Patten. Samuel Wtfeman, Efq; Mr. Edward Cooke. Mr John ilmgerford. Mr. Goldlmith Mills. Mr. John Miller. REGISTERS. Kcm Oughton, Gent. Regifter to the High Court of John Clements, Efq; Regifter of the Arches Court iCanterhry. Tomas Smith, Deputy Regifter. Thmas Tillot, Aftuary of the fame. Orlmdo Gee, Efq- r Regifter of the High Court of Ad- Mralty. Tlmai Bedford, Gent. Deputy Regifter. John Cheek, General Marfhal. |K.' Prerogative Office, or Regijlryfor the Prerogative Wills, in the Arch-Bijlhprickof Canterbury. hverard Exton, Bacchellor of Laws, Regifter of the [frogative Court of Canterbury. Mr, Thomas Welham, Deputy Regifter. H 4 Clerks i 5 i SCIje g jefcttt £>tate Clerks in the faid Office. Mr. Charles Pinford. I Mr. Detv. Mr. Job i Cottle. Mr. Smith. Mr. John Holman. I Mr. Rupert Brown. Sec more in the Second Book. Of the Military Government at the King’s Com' and firfi of the HorfeGuards. A S in a Kingdom, becaufe Civil Govcrnours propolis; Temporal and Ecclefiaftical Govcrnours, Eternal Be- wards and Punifhments, are not fufficicnt to lecure Peart therefore a Military Force is always in rcadinefs: fo inrht King's Court, bolides Civil and Ecclefiaftical Officers, iii thought necelfary always to have in readinefs Military Oi fleers and Soldiers, to preferve the King's Perfon, where,;, on depends the Peace and Safety of all his Subjects, whirl are his Guards of Horfe and Foot. The Guards of Horfe, which the Spaniards call Grnlt de aCavallo ; the French, Guards du Corps-, the Gem a, Liebguard ); and we, Life-Guard : That is, the Guards i the King's Body do confift of Eight Hundred Horfe-men, well armed and equipped; and arc for the moil part Re¬ formed Officers, and young Gentlemen of very conlidera ble Families, who are there made fit for Military Coo mands. They arc divided into Four Troops, vi$ iheKirp Troop, diftinguifhed by their Blue Ribbons and Carl® Eelts, with Gold and Silver Lace, their Red Hoofcs li Houlfter-Caps embroidered wich his Majefties Cypher it: Crown. r of E NG-LAND. k Firf Troop of Hts Majefiies Horfe-G,sards, commanded by the Earl of Scarborough Cap- tain and Colonel, } " Lieutenants and Lieutenant-Colonels, are, ^Ewge chilmfy, \ % their Commons; J John Staples, f Efquires. Ms Butler, Efq; ---Corner and Major. Count de Martin, ——■—- -Guidon and Major. Capt. Stephen Djer, y Capt. John Bapnes, ( Capt. Thomas Wiljord,f *‘ our Exempts and Captain;. Capt. John Goddard, ) Clement Armiger, } Atthmp Morgan, ( r Philip chevene, ( tour Engadicrs and Lieutenants. John WeJ}, J Jh Middleton, 1 • Samel Weds, . j Warn Barnes, r Fou r Sub-Brigadiers and Cornets: I Anthiii) Cragg, J Francis Blaclftone,- J sin Brawn,-- Trumpeters-. Kettle Drummer,— fthn Carpenter, _ ‘$6 Private Men. —--Chaplain; -Chyrurgcon. -One. -Clerk of the Troop. „ ch Tr°op of Guards there now is added by Erta- 5 * rroo P of Granadiers, confiding of Sixty H 5 Four i54 SC|e$itftnt&tate | Four Men, befides Officers, which is commanded by fa Captain of the Troop of Guards to whom it belongs. Granadiers. I*”*-- Sergeants--—--' ~ Corporals,—----- Drummers,--- Hautbois,-——■-- Co Private Men, —Two, —Tto —Two, —•Tito. The Second Troop of His Majefiies Horfe-Guari: commanded by bis Grace the Duke of Ormond, Captain and Colonel. The Lieutenants and Lieutenant- Colonels, are, By their Comroiffi®, L Hcnr, Byte, Efq;-Cornet and!#!. mis Battle, Efq;--Guidon and M# Capt. George Cotiingwooi'i Capt, Robert Watfrn, C f Exe mpts m i Cap®-’ Capr. Timm Smith, f r Qpt. Gilbert Edwards, ) Theodore Dagar, fames Butler, James Coraud, John Petrel, Four Brigadiers and Lieutenants m *55 of ENGLAND. Meredith Felton, John Dent), Adrian Fulgham, John IValkadine, l Four Su'd-Brigadiers and Cornets. John ffartflmge ,— Mr. Rujhx, - Trumpeters,- Kettle-Drummer,— Mr. Douglas, - 196 Private Men. --—'-Chaplain. -Chyrurgeon. ■ — —--Four. •Clerk of this Troop. Granadfers. Capr. Richard Potter,* > Lieutenants, Cape. John Marfbnl, i Sergeants, - -- Corporals,-___ Drummers,—.___ Hautbois,. .... 60 Private Men. —-Twc. —Two. —Two. — Two, tkHirdTroop- of His MajeftiesHorfe-Gaards,. commanded by the Right Honourable John Earl Of Marlborough, Captain and Colonel. |roi. Edtmi MJ>ne, 7 I J'-kn Lord Berkelei, > By their Commiflions.. Lieutenants. George CkmhiU, Kfq;-. Hutton Comet on, £ Itq j -_ -Cornet and Major; ;Guidon and Major.. 156 Efoe^iefent £tate Capt. William Springall,l Capt. William MmltmX Exempts an a captains,' Cape. Cm. Obrpan. \ Capt. Benjamin Mmger, J Ralph Bam », 1 finS; ( Erigadicrs and Lieutenants; William -Holms ,) Hem) Snary, 1 Reymond hensberg ,) Mr. K'/Mmw Martin, ^ . Chaplain, Mr. C/iirie/ Jon?;,-Chyrurgeon Trumpeters,. Four. Kettle-Drummer,-.- Ok, Mr. Roger Siyir, -—■. . —CleiL 196 Private Men. Granadiers. Cape. Timm Butler, f Lieutenants. Capt, James Bring field,* Sergeants,- - .■ . -—Tra Corporals,» —. Two, Drummers, • — ■■ ----.-Ttvo, Hautbois, 1 — ■ . - - - Two, <0 Private Men, Ik Of ENGLAND. *57 Ik Fourth Troop of Their Majcfies Horfe-Guards commanded by Henry, Count of Naflau, Sag- tmir /Overkirk, Captain and Colonel. '’We Heer de L'Etang. The Heer P oftberne By their Commiflions. £ Lieutenants. Capt: Menes, 1 Capt. L' Hemeure. ( _ , „ Capt. Gem ( Excm P ts and Captains. Capt. Vander f/orfl, Capt. Wegemort. Capt. Erefle/n. Brigadiers and Lieutenants.' Capt. Verlmjl. 1 S%n. ( S^BrigadiersandCornets. Capt. Kattepoel. J Mr. Cbemix - Trumpeters,-- Kettle-Drummer, - 196 Private Men. -Chaplain. -"-Chyrurgeon, -— Four. -One. Clerk of the Troop. Corporals,_ Brummcrs,—_ Hauibois,_.__ 60 Private Men. Each i $8 $tatc Each of thefe Four Troops was divided into Four Sqm. drons or Divifions; Two of which confifting of OncHmJ dred Gentlemen, and commanded by One Principal Coin. milGon’d Officer, Two Brigadiers, and Two Sub-Brigadi. ers, with Two Trumpets, mount the Guard One Day in six, and are reliev’d in their turns. Their Duty is always bj Faroes from the Guard, to attend the Perfon of the /fy and Queen, the Queen Dowager, and the Prince and Prira/j wherefoever they go near home", but if out of Town, they are attended by Detachments out of Three Troops. i Befidesthis, there is a more drift Duty and Attendance weekly on the King's Perfon on Foor, wherefoever he walks," from his Riling to his going to Bed 5 and this is per. form’d by One of the Three Captains, who always waits immediately next to the King's own Perfon, before alio, thers, carrying in his hand an Ebony Staff or Truncheon, with a Gold Head, engraved with his Majeflies Cypher and Crown: Near him alfo attendsanother principal Commit fion’d Officer, with an Ebony Staff, and Silver Head, who is ready to relieve the Captain on occafions; and r. the fame time alfo Two Brigadiers, having likewifeb bony Staves, headed with Ivory, and engraven as.ds others. There has been lately added a Troop of Gran adiers to each Troop of Guards, one Divifion of which mom withaDivilion oftheTroop to which they belongv.they go out onfmall Parties from the Guard, perform Century- Duty on Foot, and attend the King alfo on Foot, when he walks abroad, and always march with great Detach- The Taj if the faid Guards of tiorfe are a followeth, viz. T HE Duke of Lenders Pay, as Captain of the FitH Troop of Guards, is 1 1 .10 r. per diem. The other Three Captains, their Pay is to each t /.}? of ENGLAND. 159 A Lieutenant’s Pay of the Guards is i^s.perdiem. ACornet’sPayof the King’sTroop is 141. per diem. Of each of the other Two Troops is 13 s, per diem, A Guidon’s Pay is 12 s. per diem. A Quartermader’sPay is 9 s. per diem. A Chaplain’s Pay is 6 s. 8 d. per diem. A Chyrurgeon’s Pay 6 1. and his Ched-Horfe 2 1. in ail 8 r.per diem. A Brigadier's, or Corporal's Pay of the King 's Troop, is 7 s. per diem. Of each of the other Two Troops is 6 r. per diem. A Trumpeter, and Kettle-Drummer, each is 5 /. per diem. A Sub-Corporal, or Sub-Brigadier’s Pay, is but equal to a Gentleman of the Troop, vi{. 4 s. per diem. The Fay of the Granadiers of Horfe , is as fol¬ lowed. A Lieutenant’s Pay is 8 s. per diem. A Sergeant’s Pay is 4 s. per diem. A Corporal’s Pay is 3 s. per diem. A Hautbois and Drummer’s is it. 6d- per diem, A private Soldiers Pay ins. 6 d.pcrdiem. As to the Precedency of the rcfpcfiive Officers of his Majeflies Guards of Horfe, by their Commiflions, the Captains always command as Elded Colonels of Horfe; the Lieutenants as Elded Lieutenant-Colonels of Horfe - , the Cornets and Guidons, as Elded Majors of Horfe ;-.the ■Quartermaders, as Younged Captains of Horfe; the Bri¬ gadier.',. as Elded Lieutenants of Horfe; and amongd themfclves, every Officer, according to the Dace of his Commiflion, when on Detachments, but not when the Three Troops march with their Colours; for then the Of¬ fer of the Elded Troop commands thole of equal Rank with him in the others, though their Commiflions be o£ elder Date. Next 160 2 Clje gjefettt &tate Next immediately after the Four Troops of Guards, his Majefties Regiment of Horfe, commanded by the Right Honourable AHbrcy Earl of Oxford, takes place, and the Colonel of it is to have Precedency, after the Captains of the Guards, and before all other Colonels of Horfe, whatfo ever change may be of the Colonel, and all the Officers thereof, in their proper degree, are to take place accord¬ ing to the dates of their Commiftions. As to the Foot, the King’s own Regiment of Guards, commanded by his-GracetheDukeof Lenfler, takes place of all other Regiments, and the Colonel thereof is always to precede as the fir ft Colonel. The Coldflream Regi¬ ment, under the Command of Colonel Talmarfh , takes the next place. The Third Regiment next immediately after. Then his Majefties Holland Regiment, commanded by Colonel Church'd, and all other Colonels, according to the Dates of their Commilftons- All other Regiments of Horfe or Foot, not of tire Guards, take place according to their refoeftive Seniori¬ ties, from the time they were firft raifed, and no Regi- ment lofes its Precedency by the Death of its Colonel. Touching his Majefties Foot-Guards, and all other Mi¬ litary Forces, with the Names of their Chief Officers, fee the Chapter of the Military Government of England, ia the Second Part of this Book. The King's Palace-Royal (rationeRegu Dignitatis) is ex¬ empted from all Jurifdiftion of any Court, Civil or Eccle- fiaftical, but only to the Lord Steward, and in his ab- fence, to the Treafurer and Comptroller of the King’s Houf- hold, with the Steward of the Marfhaifey, who may, b; Virtue of their Office, without Commilfion, hear and de¬ termine all Treafons, Felonies, Breachesof the Peace, com¬ mitted within the King’s Court or Palace. The mod ex¬ cellent Orders and Rules for the Demeanour and Carriage of all Officers and Servants in the King’s Court, arc to be feen in feveral Tables, hung up in feveral Rooms at the Court, and figned with the King’s own Hand, and worthy to be read of all Strangers. of ENGLAND. 161 The King’s Court, or Houfe where the King rcfideth, is accounted a Place fo facred, that if any man prefume to ftrike another within the Palace, where the King’s Royal Perfon refideth, and by fuch a flroke only draw Blood, liis Right Hand fliall be ftricken off, and he committed to Perpetual Imprifonment, and fined. By the Ancient Laws of England, only ftriking in the King’s Court was pu- oifhed with Death, and lofs of Goods. To make the deeper Imprefiion and Terror into mens i minds, for ftriking in the Kings Court, it hath been ordcr- j cd, That the Puniftiment for ftriking fhould be executed I with great Solemnity and Ceremony, in brief, thus j punifljmcnt fo«i ftriking in tlje Courf-. | The Sergeant of the King’s Wood-Yard brings to the | Place of Execution, a Square Block, a Beetle, Staple, and Cords, to fallen the Hand thereto; the Yeoman of the Scullery provides a great Fire of Coals by the Block, wherein the Searing-Irons, brought by the chief Farrier, are to be ready for the chief Chyrurgeon to u fmolds, Efq; I Simon Archer, Efq; Titmn Paltoci, Efq; I Robert Bowes, Efq; Their Salaries 75/. each per Ann. Grooms of the Privy Chamber. Marfli, Efq; I Anthony Cafan, Efq; wm Herbert, Efq; 1 Thomas Perry , Efq- Tlicir Salaries 60 i. each per Annum. V Pages of thepnfenc Ki.ttrnard Gates, Nt, Abraham Kemp. \ Their Salaries 40 l, each 5 per Ann, Page of the Robes. Mr ' fihn Kettle. His Salary 30 1 . per Ann. Pages of the Bacll Stairs. Mr • James Worthington. [ Mr. Daniel Putfe. Z'lT ?°nes. Mr . Hamnot Kirke. ^ Peter Lewen. I Mr . Richard Bradle,. Their Salary ?g/, each per Annum. Grams 168 ffilj e &tate Groms of the Great Chamber. Nr. Randolph Sparrow. I Mr. Rowland Peine. Mr. William Snow. Mr. John Wilfon. Mr. John Viccars. j Mr. Matthew Clarke. Their Salary 40 /. each per Annum. Porter of the Back-Stairs, Mr. David Harrife. His $j. lary 40 /. per Annum. Matter of the Barges, Mr. Chrijiopher hid, 10 1 . Twenty Four Watermen to be paid by the Matter, for each man 3 /. 1 s. 6 d. per Annum, Chamber-keeper to the Maids of Honour, JohnTmb ley. Sal. 18/. per Annum. Chamber-keeper to the Bed-Chamber-Women, Rilnii Ajirey. Chamber-keeper to the Gentlemen-Waitcrs, Forr Berry. Treafurer and Receiver General, the Right Honourable Ric/wd Earl of Bellomont. Sal. 50 1 . per Annum. Principal Secretary, Abel Tafien £ Allonnc, Efq;. Sil Phyfician, Sir Charles Scarborough, Knight, 300/. Clerk of the Clofet, William Stanley, D. D. 6 1 13 s, 4 d. per Annum. Attorney General, Thomas Trevor, Efq; 50/. Sollicitor General, William Farrar, Efq; 30 1 . Auditor General, Edward Clark., Efq; 100 I. Trcafurcr’s Clerk, Mr. Edward Godfrey, 40 1 . Auditor’s Clerk, 20 1 . Apothecary,.Mr. Chrijiian Harel, 200/. Two Meflengers, Timothy Goodwin , Richard ffmwi each til. 1 s.iid.ppr Annum. Secretary’s Clerk, 10 1. 0f ENGLAND.' r 6$ Officers and Servants of the Queens Stables . [■After of the Horfe, [ whole Salary is8oo Edward Lord Vifcount VWers, l per Annum, Equeries. Chrlet Golfyne, Efq;» Httirj Killigrew, Efq;C Each 210/. per Ann.] Charles May, Efq; > Pages of Honour. Surge Fcilding, Efq; J Jjfn Bmckbu)p, Efq; > Each 100 1 . per An. Alexander de Furthers, Efq;-* Purveyor, Anthony Rowe, Efq; 40 /. per Annum. Yeoman'Ridcr, Mr. Jo hnLauge, tool, per Annum, Yeoman of the Carriages, Mr .Jofepb Hough, \Up, An. Six Coachmen. Their Salary 75 1 . each per Annum. Mel Bofsbof. Cbrijbpher Ronch. Hemim Vanjrvell. Lender Stiellerd, John Catchlm. n ohn Lord. Twelve Footmen. &»; aminRamfey. Smite! Clarke, ]At Trantur. Bttjimin Booth. Men Hove, fat Graji v" ■ 1 waiter ot Their Salary 53 /. each /er Annum. Jacob Finlg. William Catvfey. Herman Bongurs. Jacob Van Woejiine. Two more to attend the Mailer of the Horfe. There SClje ^jefent {fctate 170 Three Grooms. Thomas Clarke. I One to attend the Mad;, Thomas Millet. of theHorfe. Tlieir Salaries 40 /. each per Ann, Four Chairmen. Thomas Chamberlain. 1 Ofwald Fame. Benjamin Cotton. i Robert Gtidins. Tlieir Salary 36 l. each per An. Bottle-man, Mr . Hemp Gordies, <,01. per Annum. Groom-Farrier, John Snape , 20 /. Groom-Sadler, John Bignel, zol. AMeffenger, 15/. The Queens Women-Servants. The Ladies of the Bed-Chamber. T H E Right Honourable Elizabeth Countcfs of D irif Groom of the Stole, Midrefsot the Robes, and fiif Lady of die Bed-Chamber. Her Salary is 1200/. per At Gartrude, Marcniontfsof Halifax. Frances, Marchionefs of H'inchejhr, -Countefs of Kottingham. Bridget, Countcfs of blymutk. Ann, Countcfs of Scarborough. Maids of Honour. Mrs Eleonora Franklin. j Mrs- Mart Compton. , PAn.Stew.Walburt Howard. \ Mrs .Jane Marlhattrp Mrs. Elizabeth Mohan. I Mrs Ann Grcenvilt. Each 200 1 . per Annum. l >Eacli 500 /.Si! of ENGLAND. Bed-Chamber Women. Mrs. Aim Van GolSlein, Privy-Purfe. Her Salary 4 r 0 / r Annum. J ‘ Mrs. Rachel Wyndham. Mrs. Martha Lockhart. Their Salary 200 /. each per An. Semftrcfs, Mrs. Dorothy Ireland, 601. Ditto, aSrarcher, 40/. Laundrefs, Mrs. Elizabeth Worthington, for her fclf and iree Maids, 260 /. “ Naeflary Women, Elizabeth Wide, AnnDanhmjl, each Mrs. Cat) Jejfom Mrs, Dorothy cafon, Mrs. A&nies Vygh. Ik Cbapptl Royal at Whitehall. :^air Bin,opof ^ * ,moncr ’ t,,e L °rd Bifhopof Sr. AM. Sab-Almoner, Mr. B/. W . Board-wages 1 l. £y°6^8 C l° fet C ° tkKin8, WU,im W *' a D - “ thC ^ UCCn ’ mlmM h D. D. »S-Dean, Mr. Ralph Battle. Salary ir /. 8/ id' rd-wages tow, made Bifhop. r. ffirne. [, Bajlj, Dr. Jane. Dr. Littleton. Dr. Hall, made Bifhop, Dr. Bought}. July. December. Meant, '•Meggtt. ’• Heshetb. 1. Bmjion, Dr. Roife. Dr. Pelting. Dr. Freeman, Mr. Blagrave, 1 3 Janu. i 7 + JEijc State •January. February. . Dr. Lamb. Dr. Fielding, Dr. Bird.'. Dr. Bringhurfl. Dr. Hoofer. Mr. Brabant. Mr. Wiggan. Dr. Tennifin. Chamber-keeper to the Chaplain;, Mr. William Ctr\ There are Forty Eight Chaplains in Ordinary, who ufually Doftors in Divinity, and for the mod part Ct or Prebends, and all Eminent Preachers. The King hath more Chaplains in Ordinary than fore-named Forty Eight. Some of whom do wait appointment-, in the room of thofe, who by realm llcknefs, or other hindrances, cannot give their An dance. The Mufick Mufician; in Ordinary, arc divers, whereof Dr. Stef is Matter. His Salary is aco /. per Annum. Mr. William Cla-.ton. Mr. Charles Fowl Mr. William hall. Mr. Edmund Flow, Mr. John Goodwin. Mr. Henry Eacdei. Mr. Edward Hooton. Mr. Thomas Clayton, Mr. Frederick Stepkins. Mr. George Bingham, Mr. Chriftian Stepkins. Mr. Robert Strong, Mr. John Banijier. Monfteur de la Tun. Mr. Robert King. Mr. Morgan Harris. Mr. Robert Carr, Mr. Francis Crnfe. Mr. Theophiltss Fit v Mr. Richard Lereife. Mr. Richard Tomlinfon. Mr. Charles Coleman, Mr. Samuel Accreyd. i Mr. Henry Heale. Mr.JohnLcnton. Mr.- Short, Mr. Solomon Eacclcs, . I Mr.-Da.vfij Their Salaries each 40 l per Annum. of ENGLAND. Vocal Mufick. Dr. John Blotv, whofe Salary is ioo l. p er Annum. Nrfflllim Turner, Mr .Henry Purcel. Mr.- Gorlin. Mr.- Bowman. Mr- -- Roberts. Mr..-- Woodfon. Their Salaries 40 /. m F ’ 777 -' R ' c hnrtlfin, Mr. Alpkonfo March. Mr -- Boucher. M r- -Snow. Mr. - Dama^en. each per Annum. Keeper of the Inflruments. Uillutm Brow^.. Chamber-keeper. The Chapfel at St. James 5 ;. Eight Chaplains. Dr. Doughty. Dr. Chettmod. Mr. Applefird. Dr. Green. I Mr. Newton. Mr. Athur. Mr. John Smith. Mr. John Pullen. Each 80/. per Annum. I Clofet-keeper, Mr. Nicholas Fipps. 1 Chappel-keeper, Mr. John Richardfin.fs Each 40 1 ptr CHAP, ©je gjeteiit £>tate i- t 6 CHAP. VI. Of the Queen "Dowagers Court. Officers and Servants belonging to her IHdjeftj the Queen Dowager, E Arl of Feverfham, Lord Chamberlain. George Sabers, Efq; Vice-Chamberiain. Sir Richard Belling, Principal Secretary. Gentlemen-Vfhtrs of the Privy-Chamber. George Porter, Efq; J Mr. Thomas Santis, Charles Kiiligrtw, Efq; i Mr. Charles Arundel, Gentlemen-Vjhers, Daily-Waiters. Sir Edward Wool | George Slaughter, Efq; David Mad, Efq; J Charles Rogers, Efq; Grooms of the Privy-Chamber. Hit. Anthony Vane. ] Mr. Andrew Galway. Mr. John Waltbew. j Mr. Zachariah BurgtA Mr. James Windebanl j. 1 Gentlemen-Vfhers, Quarter-Waiters. Mr. James Bagnel. I Mr. Thomas WhitgrM Mt. John Maxwell. i Mr. John Richards. Pages of the Prefence. Mr. Hugh Smith. ] Mr. Hugh Jones.' Mr. Robert Hilliard, \ Mr, Daniel Elmer. I of ENGLAND. , 77 Fhyfician, Ferdinando Mende^, Apothecary, Mr. Robert Lighlfiot. Chyrurgeon, Mr. Ifaac Amy. Fails of the Backstairs. Mr. Richard Stephens, Sc- [ Mr. John Baptifla de la tier- Campi. NrMbardStephens, Jun. Mr. John Pereira. Mr, Theaiey Kennedy. I Mr. William Murrey. Mr . James Clarke. | Mi. John Martin. ' Officers belonging to the Robes. Sir Chriftopher Mitfgrave. 1 Mam Hemington, Efq; Mr. David Rowland, Yeoman of the Robes. Mr. Charles Drift, ") Mr. Richard Twinnt, J Brufhers. Mr. Thorpe Groom, Shooe-maker. Grooms of the Great Chamber. Mr. James Thackham. I Mr.- Hare Mr. Robert White. \ Mr_W Mr- Jerkin. I Mr. John Wilfin, Porter at the Great Gate. Mr. William Johnfin, Porter at the nacfi-Stairs. Mr -Thomas Apprice, Under-Houfe-keeper. Mr. Charles Rogers, Keeper of the Wardmbe; Nr, biker, Gardiner at Somerfet-houfe. Mr. William Sanders, Mailer of the Bows. Mr. J'jdl George, Matter of the Barge. And Twenty Four Watermen. Countefs of Arlingtm, Groom of the Stole, and Ladv il the Robes, 3 15 The 178 STfce $jefent @tat« The Queen’s Dreflcrs. lady Belting. I Lady Take. Lady Frafier. NnWinefrid Windba, Lady Cranmer. I Mrs. Mary Crane. Donna Maria de Santana. 1 Donna Luiga de Vafcomellos. r Portugal Ladies, Donna Francifca de Vafcomellos . 1 Lady Wych. | Mrs. Philippa Temple. Mrs, Atm Roper. I Mrs. Hannah Cary, Lady Sayers, Drelfer, Mrs. jane Widdringfr, Laundrefs and Semftrefs. | Lady Sasets, Laundrefs and Starcher. Mrs. Barbara Anna de Calvtert, Semftrefs. Mr. William Tardley, Clerk of the Kitchen. Nr. Thomas Feme, Yeoman of the Bakchoufe and Pantry. Mr. Edward Cane, Yeoman of theEwry. Mr. John Aujhy, Gentleman of the Buttery d Cellar. Mr. Jofeph Bewmont, Yeoman of the Confcfiionaryd Chandry. Mr. Edward Smith , Maftcr-Cook. Mr. Emanuel Hix, Yeoman of the Kitchen. - Goard, Child of the Kitchen. Michael Lauretrofl p ortugucfe . Anthony Franctfco , j ° Robert Fifher, Yeoman of the Scullery. Mrs. Mary Leigh, Table-Laundrefs, Daniel Weel>s, Scourer. Two Turn-broaches. irrlc of ENGLAND. * 79 - Ecckjiajlkal Terfons belonging to the Queen Dowa¬ ger’s Chaff el. T Orel Almoner, Cardinal Howard of Norfolk L !t:Sr(£f ConfelTor, Father Chrijlopher de Rosario. Three Portugal Francifcan Friers, called Arrabidees, And a Lay Brother. Mr. James Martin, ) 'Mr. Nicholas Kennedy, f Chappcl-Boys. Mr. William Hollyman, J Mr. John Paptifla Draghy, Organift. Mr. Timothy de Faria. Mr. James Read, \ Vcrper , Mr. Anthony Fernandes, j ° Officers and Servants belonging to Her Majejlies Stables. (j| 1R John Arundel, Mailer of the Horfe. Robert Sayers, Efq; Richard Fowler, Efq; Kt. John Cary. Mr. Edward Widdrington. Equerries Mr. Timas Sands, Page of Honour. Foot JC^ie defeat jftate 180 Footmen. Richard Whitehoufe. William Mewgridge. Patrick Queenlane. Lewie Lagril. Hem) Patifon, Jofuab'Hams'. Richard Holland. Robert Orbell. William Boreman. George Hilliard. Coachmen. Giles Bayly. J Thomas Johnfon. Edward Pitman. { William Freeman. Grooms. Robert Tbmfrn, Anthony Harvey. Chair-men. Richard Jones. ] John Potter. James Taylor. Charles Aires. Robert Emme. | Thomas Mafon. Richard Salmon , Porter of the Water-Gate. Officers of the Queen ’Dowager's Revenue. R obert Lord Ferrers, High Steward. George Marquifsof Halifax, Chancellor and Keeper of Her Majefties Great Seal. Henry Frederick Thyme, Efq; Treafurer and Receiver General. Sir James Butler, Attorney General. William Finch, Efq; Sollicftor General, and Surveyor General. Herald Kjnnefman, Efq; Auditor General, of ENGLAND. t2t Hr. Richard Marriott, Clerk of the Council, andRegi' to of the Court of Chancery. \0\m Knight, Efq; Keeper of the Council Chamber, Nr, Samuel Hemming, Mcflengerof the Revenue. Mr. Samuel Finnes , another Melfenger of the Re- CHAP. XVII. Jk Court or Family of his Royal Highnefs, George, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway, and of the Goths and Vandals, Duke of Schlef- wick, Holftein, Stormar, Dithmarfh , and Cumberland, Earl of Oldenburg, Delman- horft, and Kendall, Baron of Workingham, Knight of the moft Noble Order of the Garter, and one of their Mayefiies mojl Honourable Privy Council. Officers and Servants with their RefifeShe Salaries, per Annum. G Entleman of the Bed-Chamber, and Groom of the Stole, the Right Honourable John Lord Berkley, his fee per annum is 400/. Privy Purfe,and Mailer of the Robes, Der Heer de Pleyf- fie, 100 /. per Annum, Grooms of the Bed-Chamber. Scharles Scarborough Efq; 200 /. ter Annum. Charles Churchill, Efq; 200 l, George Churchill, Efq; 200 /. Thomas Maule, Efq; 2co /. Pages of the Back Stairs. Peter Laroacb, 70 1, Daniel Crihan, 70 1, Yeoman i$2 SElje $?efeitt j&fate Yeoman of the Robes, and Barber, Carjlen Bucjkb 40 /. and 60 l. 1 Trcafurer of the Houfe and Revenue, Sir Benjnm Bathurfl, 100 /. Comptroller of the Houfe, Sir Benjamin Batkrjl. Secretary, Edward Griffith Efq; 200 /. Secretary of the Foreign Affairs William Ludilpb, Efquire, 200 l. Inftruftor of his Royal Highnefs in the EngliffiTonpw, Dr, Edward chamberlayne. Sir Charles Scarborough, Phyfuian, 200 /. ■J Dr. Meclgn. Two Chaplains, r 3 Dr.- Gentlemen-Ulher, Edmond Webb, Efq; tool. Gentlemen-Waiters, [Colonel John Webb 56 I. ' Mr. Humphry Griffith, 5 6 l. Captain of the Arms, Mr. Timothy Schole tool. Groom of thePrcfcnce, Mr. Walter Syman, 32/• Clerk of the Kitchen, Mr. John Harder, tool. Yeoman of the Wine and Beer Cellar, Mr. Safmore tool, Yeoman of the Wardrobe, Mr. Samuel Ottway, 501 Yeoman of the Scullery, Mr. Tbo. Pafmore, 50 /. Semftrefs and Laundrefs to the Body, Mrs. DinltJ Cooper, tool. , . , , Laundrefs for the Table, Mrs. Katharine Buc^icol, Necelfary Woman, Mrs. Mary Douglafs, 46 /. Officers and Servants belonging to the Stables. -ft* After of the Horfe, the Right Honourable Lord IVl Lexinton, and for his Horfes Liveries,his Grooms® Footmens Liveries, foe. in all per Annum, 449 l. 13*'4' Equcry, Connor 0 Brien, Efq; and for his Horfes, Live¬ ries, foe. 193 /. of ENGLAND. ’ 18$ Clerk of the Stables, Mtclxtel Studklme Efq; and for Liveries, He. no /. Pages of Honour, Edmund Webb, juii. Efq; an d Richard flarrifm Efq; and for Liveries, ire, 254 1 . Yeoman Rider, Mr. Laurence Sa'mt-Lo , and Timothy Scheie, 106 1. Mr. John Miller Overfeer of the Stables 96 1, Lelcfe Sander his Afliftanc 50 I. Charles Cabin , Taylor, 100 /. Two Coachmen at 3 6 I. each, is 72 /. Two Poflillionsand Helpers, 72 1 . Six Footmen at 3 6 l- each, is 160l. Linncn and Trimming each, 5 /. 1 s, is 30/. 5 /, Six Grooms at 30 i. each, is 50 /. Two Chair-men at 3 61 . each, is 72/. For Linnen and Trimming-Money to each, 2 /. j /. 6 d. is 6 1. 5 r. i’erer Kir^e, Dogkeeper, loo 1 . Mafier Cook, Mr. Huger Webb, 50 /. Second Cook,. Henry Do vale, 40 1 Turn-Broaches, Scourer, ire. altogether, 63 /. 17 j. 6 d, Maher of the Barge, and Watermen, ire. P Rince George is by the Articles of Marriage declared to be received as one of the Blood Royal of Eng¬ land, and to refide in the Court of England. All his Officers and Servants to be from time to time appoint¬ ed by, and with the Approbation of the King of Eng¬ land. His yearly Revenue coming from Denmark amounts to Seventy Thoufand Crowns, which is Seventeen Tliou- fand and five hundred Pounds Sterling, of which one pare arifes from one Branch of the Culioms afligned for this purpofe. The reft'- comes from his Lands and Do¬ mains, vig_. From the Ifie of Fehmarn, and from rhe taiU'is of Wardingbourg and Jongjboft ; a Rcrenue in that Country more confiderable than thrice the value la England. His Revenue fettled on him by the prefenc King, is, 50000 /. per Annum. The iS 4 ffiJje ^jerettt jttate The Cmrnjfmtrs of his Royal Highnefs's Revenue, arc, Sit Bejamin Bathurfi. Edward Griffith, Efq; Thomas Made, Efq; Clerk to the Commiffioners, Mr. Layng. The Court or Family of her Royal Highnefs tie Trincefs of Denmark. L Ady of the Bed-chamber and Groom of the Stole, the Lady Churchill: Her Fee per Annum is 400 /. Ladies of the Bed-chamber, the Lady FretcbevWe, and the Lady Charlotte Bevermrte, Fee 200 /. each per Anm, Maids of Honour. Mrs. Drummer. } Mrs. Wentworth, f atloo/ - Mcll > is 800 l ' Mrs. Ogle. ) r Mrs. Beatrice Danvers, too 1. jMrs. ElionorBufl, 90/. Dreffers< Mrs< Bargers Farthing, 90/. (Mrs. Agnetta Cooper, 90 /. Mother of the Maids, Mrs. Cooper, too 7. Semftrefs and Starcher Mrs. Amie Rainsford, 40 /, Laundtefs to the Body, Mrs. Elig. Attynfin. Chaplains. Dr. John Younger. Mr. Wiil. Graham, Dean of Cnrlife. Pages of the Back-Stairs, Mr. Henry Langton, 601. Mr. Edward Brown, 60 /. of ENGLAND. 185 Mr. John Bonin, 60 l. Ml. John FoJ}er,6ol. Gentlemen Uflier, Henry Sandys, Efq; 7 5 7 . Gcntlemen-Waitcrs. Mr. Roger Cooper. 56 /. Mr. Philip Leech, 5 6.1. Ncccffary Woman, Mrs. Foyjien, 30/. Officers and Servants belonging to the Stables. M After of the Horfe, the Right Honourable John Lord Fi«i Eighth, ftill in force, are to be only of thefe Towns following. The Suffragan Bifhop for the Diocefsof Canterbury, muft be at Tamer only ; for Tot\, at Nottingham and Hull-, for Wan, at Colcliefter ; for D wham, at Berwick', for Win- wfler, at Guilford, Southampton, and in the Ijle of Wight w Lincoln, at Bedford, Leicefler, Grantham, and Huttr ‘ingtrn ; for Norwich, at Tlietford and Ipfwich ; for Salif- 188 SElje pjcfcnt g>tate bun, at Shaftsbury, Melton, and Marlcbsrough ; for Bath and Vf'Ji, at Taunton ; for Hereford, at Bridgemrtb ; for Co- verity and Litchfield, at Shrewsbury ; for Ely, ztCambridgr, for Exeter, at St. Germans -, for Carlijlc, at Perith Theft only to be the Sees of Bi/hops Suffragans, and no more Suffragans allowed, than fo many to each Diocefs, as a- bove-mtntioned. In publick Allcmblies they were to take place next after the Temporal Peers of the Realm, In the abfence of the Bifhops, imployed oft upon Em. bailies abroad, or refiding at Court, to advife the King, thefe did ufually fupply their places. A Suffragan Bi- jhop is made, in c-afe the Archbiffop, or fome other Bijlnp, for the better Government of his Diocefsdefirc the fame; and in fuch cafe, the Bifhop is to prefent two able men for any one place aforenamed, whereof his Majedy chufeth one. For fupply of able and fit Pcrfons to a (lift Bilhops, or to make Bilhops, ic feemed good to Reverend An- tiquity, that in every Diocefs a certain number of the more prudent and pious Pallors fhould be placed in a Collegiate manner, at every Cathedral, or Eptfcopal fc; where they might not only be ready to alfift the Bifhop in certain weighty Cafes, but alfo fit themfelves, by gain¬ ing experience (and loofmg by little and little their former familiarity with the inferior Country ClergyJ for Government and Authority in the Church. Ac¬ cordingly in every Cathedral Church in England, there are a certain number of Prebendaries ,or Canons, and over them a Dean, in Lathe, Decanus, Bean. from ; becaufe anciently fet over ten Canons at theleafl; who is fomttime liiled Alter Epifoli Ccttlus, the other being the Arci dea¬ con, who (though a Presbyter himfelf) Archdeacon, is fo named, for his charge over the Deacons, who are to be guided and directed by him 1 under the Ailhop. Next is the Rural Dean, fo called becaufe he had is fually charge over Ten Country Parfons. He was an¬ ciently called Archi-Presbyter , becaufe he had the gui¬ dance and direftion of other Presbyters. In of ENGLAND. 189 in the lift place arc the Pallors of every Parifh, who ate called Rettors, unlefs .the Predial Tythes be im¬ propriated, and then they are called Vicars, Quafi vice fungertes ReSiorum. In England are two Archltfhops, twenty four Bi/hopr, HO Suffragan Biflnps at prefent, twenty fix Deans of O \bdul and Collegiate Churches, fixty Arch-Deacons, 544 Prebendaries, many Rural Deans, and about 9700 Re- Sirs and Vi cars, befides Curates, who, for certain Sti¬ pends, a (lift fuel) Rclhrs and Vicars, that have the care of more Churches than one. Tliefe (if it be confidered of what great Learning and Abilities they are; what great Authority and Sway they ufually bear over the Laity, to cncline, lead, and draw them ; what great Priviledges and Immunities they do, or ought to enjoy, and how much Means they poflefs) may well be reputed the firft Member of the Tnree States of England . $?ihilct)ge0 Of the Cicrgp.] It hath been pro¬ vided, not without fmgular Wifdom, that as the or¬ dinary courfe of common Affairs is difpofed of by ge¬ neral Laws, fo likewife mens rarer incident Neceffities and Utilities, (hould be with fpecial Equity confidered: Hence it is, thac fo many Priviledges, Immunities, Ex¬ emptions, and Difpenfations have been to the Clergy of England granted at all times; our Anceflors thinking it very rcafonablc, that as Soldiers were wont, by the Konwn Emperors , to be endowed with certain Privi- ledges, for their Warding and Fighting, to preferve the State from External Enemies, fo the Clergy ought to have certain Immunities and Priviledges for their Watch¬ ing and Spiritual Welfare to preferve the State from In- ternal Enemies, the World, the Flcfli, and the Devil, Vtferventur immunes Clerici, quo Cajlris fuis fedulo comtm- rattes, fy vigiles cxcubias ducentes fumtm Cceli Impsratori illy ft populos repr.cfentent, Lcgibut effdlum ejl, ut quam plu- tima ii< I’rhilegia conceffa fiut, turn ad eorum perfmat, turn bnaac res fpelfaniia. Of Priviledges, fome belong to Archbijhfs, fome to Biflnps, as they are fo, and fome belong to them, and 190 ffibe$}cfcnt fctate and the inferior Clergy , as tlicy are Ecclefujlic^t o r Church-men. Srcljbiffw.] Before the coming of the Saxons in. to England, the Chrijiian Bi itains had three Archbijhtpt, vi^ of London, To r(, and Caerleon, an ancient great Ci. ty of South-Wales, upon the River Vslg, (as afore-men¬ tioned J Afterward the Archiepifcopal See of Lanin, was by the Saxons placed at Canterbury, for the fake of St. AujUn the Monk, who firlf preached tiie Gofpei there to the Heathen Saxons, and was there buried, Tile other of Caerleon was tranflaced to Sc. Davids in Pembrokejhirc, and afterward fubjefted wholly to the Sec of Canterbury ; fince which, all England and Wales reckon but two Archbidiops, Canterbury and Tori’. Canterbury.] The Archbidiop of Canterbury an¬ ciently had Primacy, as well over all Ireland as Erg- land, and the Irifh Bidiops received their Confccration from him; for Ireland had no other Archbidiop until the year 1151; and therefore in the time of the two firft Norman Kings it was declared, That Canterbury was the Metropolitan Church of England, Scotland, and lit- land, ant the Ides adjacent, He was therefore fometimes ftiled a Pat)tarch, (and a Patriarch was a chief Bijlup o- ver fevcral Kingdoms or Provinces, as an Archbidiop isof feveral Diocefes) and had fevcral Archbidions under him j was fometimes called Altcrim orbit Papa, fo orbit Brim- ttici Pontifex ; and Matters done and recorded in Eccle- fiadical Adairs, ran thus, Anno Pontificattu nojlri Prim, Secundo, &c. He was Legalist natus, that is, a perpetual Legantine Poner was annexe to that Archbifhoprick near one thoufand years ago; whereby no other Legal, Nuncio , or Ambajfador from the Bijl-op of Rome could here cxcrcile any Legantine Power, without fpecial Li¬ cence from the King. He was fo highly refpefted abroad, that in General Councils lie was placed before all otto Archbidiop:, at the Pope’s right hoot. He wasat home fo highly honoured by the King of England, that ac¬ cording to the prafticc of Goo’s own People the Jeut, where Aaron was next in Dignity to APfes, and accord- ofENGLAND. I?I ijg to tht praftice of mod other ’chrijlian States, where the next in Dignity and Authority to the Sovereign is ul'ually the chicled perfon of the Clergy, he was accoun¬ ted the lecond Perfon m the Kingdom, and named and tanked even before the Princes of the Wood. He en¬ joyed fome fpecial marks of Royalty, as to be Patron of a BUkrtd;, (as lie was of Rechefter) to coy n Moneys, to make Knights, and to have the Wardlhip of all thofc ithohold Lands of him Jure Hominii, (as it is called) although they held in Capite other Lands of the King ; iPmcd, prerogative, even againd the King’s Written Frmgatne. In an ancient Charter granted by William theConque- ror to LanjranC) Archbifhop of Canterbury, lie is to hold his Unas with the fame freedom, in Dominco [no, (as the words iicjascne King holdech his in ///?, except onlv in two or three Cabs, and thofe of no great Importance! It is an ancient Priviledge of the See of Canterbury me wherefoever any Manor;, or Advowfons, do belong ffltothat Sec, that place forthwith becomes exempt from SSJSim 15 R ' PUted * PeCuIiar > 3nd ° f tke Dio ’ The Archbifhop of Canterbury, by die favour of our r!> 15 lodged fir to enjoy Dill divers confidcrable Pre- ftirinrl H c 15 Pl ’ m '" e ° VCr a11 Ea i L < and Metro- f hjt 1 a . Siiper-cmmcncy, and fome Power, even er the Arrhbifhop of W- ; hath Power to fum ™ Him to a Matlona! Synod, and Mhiepifcopus Ebora■ ime.delict cum E'-ijotpif ad nutum em , ut cm “taa H dijpofitionihm obedient exit]at. Tlie Archbifhop of Canterbury is at this dav Primiu r,„, W die firlt Peer of England , and next to the Royal *-■**•«*« j Jt j' mr | p °! d ‘ ;r ll "‘doing Homage to the King, |; |i. „ 1 d' t0 ' ini| eut cufiom, the Archhifliopa and ^•t!;!. PrCC " ic tvtnthe Dukc and all '*': rtl !f’'M.e King, in his Writs direfod to him ' 6 ‘ A '^em^Cuntunnenfi, and writes himfeh Di- i$)i fflje $jcfcnt $>tatc •vina Providentit, whereas other Bifhops write Lmapg. miffme-, and he is faid to be Inthroned, when lie is in. veflcd in the Archbifhopricl;. To crown the King belongs to him, and it hath been refolved, that wherefoever the Court (hall happen tobe, the King and Queen are Speckles Vomejlici Paroclmi D;. mini Ar. Can and had anciently the Hoi) Offering, made at the Altar by the King and Queen, wherefoever the Court fiiould happen to be, if his Grace were therepre- fent; alfo the rower of appointing the Lcnt-Pmdm, which was thought by our Anccflors, much more St for a Prelate, or Spiritual Pcrfon to do (as in all other Chriflian Corns) than for any Lay-Lord, as hath beta ufed in England, fince one Cromwell was, by HenrjW, made Vicar General, and placed over the Archbirtiop of Canterbury. The Bilhop of London is accounted his Provincial Dm, the Bifhop of Wincl.'ejler his Chancellor, and the Eidioptf Rochejler\m Chaplain. . In writing and fpcalting to him, is given the Titled Grace (as is to all D:d;es) and Mift Reverend P'r.iht ii God. He hath the Power of Probate of all Teflaments, and granting Letters of Adminiffation, where the Party dy¬ ing had Bona Kotabilia, that is, Five Pounds worth, or above, out of the Diocefs wherein he died ; or Tw Pounds worth within the Diocefs of London •, or if the Party dying be a Bilhop, though lie have no Goods out of the Diocefs where lie died. Alfo to make Wills [or all fucli as die inteflatc within his Province, and to M- minifkr their Goods to the Kindred, or to pious Ufc,ac¬ cording to liisDifcrerion: Which mod tranfcendcntTmi and Power, is fo anciently in Engtorfbclongirg to Bill* that the bed: Antiquary cannot find the firft Origmu 11 By Slat. zt.>’ffen.%. he hath the Honour and Power to grant Licenfes and Difpenfatms in all Cafes hereto¬ fore fued for in the Courr of Rome, not repugnant» the Law of God ; or the King’s Prerogative; as to at Iowa Clerk to hold a Benefice in Commcndam or-W> to allow a Son (contrary to the Canons) tofuccccd & of ENGLAND. 193 Father immediately in a Benefice ; to allow a Clerk right;. Iv qualified, to hold two Benefices with Cure of Souls ; to abolifh Irregularity gotten without a man’s own De¬ fault, as by defeft of Eody or Birch, or by accidental tilling of a man, &e. to abolifh the guilt of Simony; to illowJ Benefited Clerk, for certain Caufcs, to lie Non- tfdtr,! for fomc time; to allow a Lay-man to hold a Prebend,. 6v. whilft by ftudy is prcpa'ring himfelf for tlic Service of the Church ; to grant Difpenfations to lick, to Old People, to Women with Child, to cat Flefiion bysuhereon it was forbidden ; to confiiturc Publick No¬ me:, wliofc finglc Tcflimony is as good as the Teftimo- ats of any two other Perfons. All which aforementio- :ed It.m-er, Dilpenfttions, & c . the faid Archhifhop grants lyliimfclf, or by his Deputy, called the JHaJIcr of I-'acttl- m, in alibis Majeftics Dominions, except Scotland-, ir ail the new late Acquifitions to this Crown, as Vir. ■tii, A.'i? En’land, Barbados, Bcnmtdos, Stc. were here¬ tic added by due Authority to the Province of Canter- ^d pat under the Diocefs of London. He hath al- J the Power to grant Litem tmtorias, whereby any one w brings his Appeal, may prolccure the fame without if Molcftation ; to beflow oneDignicy or Prebend in iv Cathedral Church within his Province, upon every -teation there of a new Bilhop; who is alio to pro- Y fu ®" e , nt Benefice for one of the Chaplains i ih: Arciibilhop, or to maintain him till ic be ef- feted. I'j ifc Star.prm Eli?, it is provided, That the Queen, •V the advice of the Archbilliop, might ordain and pub- 'D Y Rites and Ceremonies, as may be for Cod’s GJo- ?, lor edifying of the Church, and due Reverence of Sicraments. h’c hath the Prerogative to confeeratea Bid,op, ("tho l- 1 ™ bc , donc . ln the prcfencc, and with the allifiance :;Y°f ler B'fiiops, as every Eilliop gives Ordination, •at utoaiiy wuh the afliftancc of Presbjters) to afi'ign ^Mwtomfirm Bifoops, tn confirm the Election of '% within Ins Province; to call Provincial Synods Z M g ! t0 theKln e s Writ always dircfted to him; iloderator in the Synods or Convocations, to give K his r-94- ISjcfcnt State his Suffrage there lafl of all to vifit the whole Province; to appoint a Guardian of the Spiritualities, during t | ic vacancy of any Eifiioprick within his Province, wliere- by all the Epifcopal Rites of that Dioccfs belong to him, ail EcclefialUcal Jurifdiftions, as Vifitations, Inftituu- ons, , ,. r The Archbifhop may retain and quahfie eight Chap, bins, which is two more than any Duke by Statute ii allowed to do. The Archhilhop of Canterbury hath moreover the Vow- cr to hold divers Courts of judicature, for deciding of Differences in Eccleliadical Affairs, as his Corn t of ditto, his Com t of Audience, his Prerogative Court, and his Court of Peculiars-, all which (hall be handled particularly, and apart in the Second Part of this Book. Thefeand other Prerogatives and Priviledgcs, t'ncWif- dom of our firft Reformers thought fit to be retained, anti added to the chief Perfon (under the King,) of tie Church of England. The next Perfon in the Church of En-hd, is the Archhilhop of Tot\, who was anciently alfo of very high Repute in this Nation, and lud under liii Province, not only divers Bilhopricks in the Soul if England, but all the Bilhopricks of Scotland for a tag time, until the Year 1470. when Pope Swrrrr the Fourth created thcBilhop of St. Andrews, Archhilhop, and Me¬ tropolitan of all Scotland. He was alfo Legatus Hants, and had the Legantirrc Of¬ fice and Authority annex’d to that Archbilhopridt. He hath dill the place and precedence of all Dukes, not of the Royal Elood, and of all great Officers of State, except only the Lord Chancellor; hath the Title of tor, and Mtji Reverend Father ; hath the Honour to Crown the Queen, and to he her perpetual Chaplain. He is alfo (filed Primate of Eng'and, and Metropolis of his Province, and hath under him the Eifhopricksct Tori, Durham, Car life, Chefier, and that of the, /j* 5 Man, only Durham hath a peculiar Jurifdiffion, and 11 many things is wholly exempt from the jurifdichon « she Archhilhop. . of ENGLAN D. *95 He lull the Rights of a Count Palatine over Hexatn- (lire in Northumberland ; may qualifie alfo eight Chaplain* tod hath within his Province divers other Prerogatives rod 1’rivikdges, which the Archbifhop of Canterbury hath ivithin his own Province. The next in place amongft the Clergy of England, are die Bi/hops, fo called from the S,mn word Bifceop , and that from the Grn\, 'X-.nkr/.otrQr, Speculator, Exphramr, ul Sup i»t miens , an Officer among the Heathens, focal- ltd, Quia fr.ter.if pani fa nAUni qmtidiano, Epifcoptts enim ul Chrijlianns praejt pani fa vilhi fpiritttali. All the Eilhops of England are Barons and Peers of p Realm , they are Barons by a threefold manner ['•inch cannot be fatd of the Lav-Lords) they are Freda! J] regard of Lands and Baronies annex’d to their Ei! lopricks; they are Barons by Writ, being fuinmoned die King’s Writ to Parliament; and they are created I ' ra ”s by l’atenr, which by their Confecration is always stubbed to the Archbifhop. They have the Precedence of 1 Temporal Barons under Vifcounts. In the Parliament ive place in the Upper Hovfe, in a double Capacity, )n!v as E3rons, but as Bilhops; for before they w Bms , ciicy had in all times place in the Great ouncil of the Kingdom, and there ever placed on the mg’s Right Hand, not only to give their Advice as the idges do, but ad trallandum , ordinandnm, flatuenJnm , tpjiiid'im, 8 cc. They have their Title of Lords, and Rhht Inmi Fathers. All Eilhops in England have one or two tranfeendent tmledges, which feem almoft Regal, as in tl’.cir own mt to judge and pals Sentence alone by thcmfelvc* iithounny Colleague or Aifelfor ; which is not done in. * trofthe King’s Courts -, for the Bifliops Courts (tho I™ “y ‘be King’s Authority, Tirtnte Magiftratut fid ) ■nd though all jurifdiftion in England is infeparablv an- |«dto the Crown, yet arc not accounted to be pro- !Jr°u C t1c King’s Courts, and therefore the Bifliops if torch Writs in their own Names; Tilled icBilhop. EiJ£" 6 ' sN ‘“ 1 “'“•'''“"hc.u.o.F.o. More- 196 Eljc^jffent &tate ] Moreover, Bifhops have this other tranfeendent P r i- viledge, to depute their Authority to another, fa s ^ King doth) either to their Bifliipi Suffragans, to tl-cir I Chancellors, to their Commffaries, or other Officers, which none of the King’s Judges may do. All Blfliops have one Privitedge above and beyond ill Lay-Lords, ri<. That in whatfoever Chridian Prince's 1 Dominions they come, their Epifcopal Dignity and De¬ gree is acknowledged; and they may, quaiem fir/bj confer Orders, &c. Whereas no Lay Baron, Vifcouni, Marquifs, nor Duke, is in Law acknowledged fuch, ott of the Dominions of the Prince who conferred thet'e Honours. The Laws and Cufloms of England are fo tender of the Honour, Credit, Reputation, and Perfons of Bidiop;, cut Spiritual -Fathers, that none might (without fpecialli- cence-from the King ftrft obtained) be indifted of any Crime before any Temporal Judge. Upon fevere Penalty by our Laws, no man may rate Reports, whereby Scandal may arife to the Ferfonofi- ny Bidiop, or Debate and Difcord between them, atj the Commons of England. In Civil Tryals where a Bidiop is Plaintiff or Defendinr. the Bilhop may, as well as any Lay-Lord, challenge th< Amy, if one Knight at lead be not returned of the Ju¬ ry, and it (hall be allowed unto him as a Privilege due to his Peerage. In criminal Tryals for Life, all Eidiops by MagwCb ta, and SMf. ay Erfn>. 3. are to be tryed by their Peer; who are Barons, and none under ; notwithftanding the late conceit of fome Lawyers, that becaufe Brfliopsmr> not be on the criminal Tryal of a Peer, therefore m not to be tryed by Peers; for fo neither may B'fcpi s tryed by a common Jury, bccaufe they may not be c-r the Tryal of fuch men. Moreover, Noble Women ®; not be on the Tryal of l’eers, and yet they arc to* tryed by Peers of the Realm ; and there is no Lep Prefrdent in England of a Bidiop, remaining a-Bitop that ever was tryed for his Life, buc by Pc*' the Realm. Anciently indeed Bidiops were fo exempt as not at all to be tryed by Temporal Judges, till * of E N G L A N D. 197 Derivation md Degradation , and then being thereby ren¬ ted no Peers, but common Perfons, they miglic betryed by common Juries. 'Since the Reformation, the Eng/i/ 7 ; Protefiant Biflnps lure been fo conftantly Loyal and True to the Crown, (to the envy of Ktmconformifis) and fo free from all Ca¬ pital Crimes, that there is yet no Prefident in Fngland fortlieir manner of Tryal for Life. As for that common Alton, That no Loris of Parliament are to he trjei bj their Pttrs, hut fuel) as fit there. Rationc Nobilitatis, and that all uyLv.U have place in Parliament fir that Reafon ; it is not only fall'e, but frivolous, in the Judgment of very many judicious men. And indeed how abfurd and un- rcafonablc muft it needs be, (let all men judge; that an Archbifhop of Canterbury who is acknowledged to be h'mus far Regni, (lioultl be tryetl by a common Jury of Freeholders, when as the m cane ft Lav-Eifrcn, though created but yefterday, may not be try'ed by any under Barons. In Parliament the Bifhops and Barons may be prefent and vote at the Tryal and Arraignment ef a Peer of the Realm; only before Sentence of Death, or Iols of Member be pronounced, that they may have no hand in Blood, no hand in deflroying, but only infaving, they have, by Canon Law, the Priviledge and Injunftion to abfenc tlicmfelvcs, and by Common-Law to make Proxies Prime Elb. Cap. a. It is exprefly declared, That all Lords of Parliament (without any exception of Lords Spiritual) fhould be tryed in that Particular by their Peers. 1 The Bijhps of England enjoy at this day many other Pnviletlgcs, as Freedom from Arrefts, Outlawries, Di- Itrefs per Epitaturam, or in a Journey ; Liberty to hunt many of the King's Forcfts or Parks, to kill one or wo Deer, going irom, or coming to the King upon his 0 ,'der; to have certain Tuns of Wine free from Im¬ port, ijc. The Perfons of Bilhops may not be feized upon Con- "mpt, (as the Perfons of Lay-Lords) but their Tempo¬ ralities only maybe feized. Kg. . Every ic,8 SClje ^jcfnit State Every Bifbopmy by Statute-Law qualifieas many chip, lains as a Duke, viz. Six. The Law of England attributctli fo very much to the word of a Bijhp, that not only the Tryal of the Eilhops Certificate fhall fuffice, butalfo in Tryal of Here/ie, which .touche th a man’s Life: Upon the Eifitop; bare certificate, rhac anv man hath been convifled be¬ fore him of Herefie, the Secular Power puts him rodeath without any Tryal by his Peers, till the late Parliament, for fome emergent Caufe, thought fit to alter that count at that time. The Tenons of the Spiritual Governors of the Church of England, are of fuch high and tender Ikfpcft in the Eye of the Law, that it is thought fit to exuft the fine from a Clergy-man to his Eifitop or Ordinary, as froma Child to his Father, and therefore made the Offcncesoi Parricide and Epifcopicide equal, viz- both pctcy-Trafci). Nexc to the two Archbifhops of England, the Bilhop of London amongfl all the Eifiiops hath the pre-eminence. Epifcopus Lnndinenfit (faith an ancient Record^ fpeciiH quadam dignitale uteris anteponendus, quia Ecclefu Camiri- enfis Decanus eft Provimialis. Being Bilhop overthefe- perial and Capital City of England, it is by a Statute of li¬ ter times exprefiy provided, that he (hould have the preference and precedence of all the Eilhops of Ei’kJ, whereby he is become, (as heretofore, the Lord Ftitt of the Order of St. John of JerufalemJ Primus Ban bp, as the Lord Abergaveny is Primus Baronum Lakorum. Next amongfl thofc of the Epifcopal Colledge, is the Eilhop of Durham, within the Province of who hath been a Count Palatine fix or feven hundred years: Wherefore the common Seal of the Bilhoprick hath been . of a long time an Armed Knight, holding in one hand a NakedSmrd, and in the other a Church. He hath alfo at this day the Earldom of Sadhrg an¬ nexed long ago to this Bilhoprick by the King. In the fifth place, by vertue of the forementioncJ Stature is the Eilhop of Winchefter reputed anciently Earl of Southampton, and fo (filed in the Statutes of the Honourable Order of the Garter, by Hairy the EigMi though foon after that.Earldom 1 was otherwife diipo-j fed of. ico Slje^jefm&tafe Orders, he is free, and there is a Writ purpofely tt free him. All Clergy-men are free from ilieK/V^ Pwwiwr, ta the King's Carriages, the King's Poll, &c- for which tlitv may demand a Protection from tlte King, Cum clmfit mluirnn- If a Clergy-man acknowledge a Sratutc, liis Body hull not betaken by virtue of any Procefs rhtreupon; for the Wiit runs, Si Laiau ft, See. Clergy-men arc not obliged to appear at SlwiffsTmi, or Piews of Frank-Pledge, there ro take their O.iih tate Of other principal BifliopricUs, the Revenues have been much diminifited, fome enjoying not a fourth of their ancient Rights. The great Diminution of the Revenues of the Clergy, and the little care of augmenting or defending the Pa. trimony of the Church, is the great Reproach and Shame of the Englifi Reformation, and will one day prove the ruine of Church and State. Judicious Mr. ffnlger (who in the Preface of his Works foretold our late Troubles forty years before they came to pafsj obferving in his time how the Church was eve¬ ry day robbed of her Dues, and that it was then an 0* pinion rife [Tb.u to give to tbe Church fmelt of Judaifa and Popery, and to take from the Chirch nh.it our Am- flors had given, ovai Reformation ,] declared, That what Mifes faith in the goth Pfalm, was likely to be verified ot Religion, and God's Service amongft us; the time thereof may be Tbreefnre Tears and Ten, if it continue tiil Fourfnre, it will be buc fmall joy to thofe that Duil then behold the Condition of the Engltjh Church; no; can the heft read Hiftorian produce one Example ofi happy State, where the Clergy hath been expofed to the Peoples Contempt, which mud happen where their Be¬ nefices, their Maintenance is fcandulous, and thereby that Perfons defpicable. It is the laft Trick, faith St. Gregory, that the Dev hath in the World, when he cannot bring the Word and Sacraments in difgrace by Errors and Herefies, he in¬ vented this Projeft to bring the Clergy into Contempt and low elkem, as it is now in England ; where they are accounted by many as the D rofs and Refift ot the Nation. Men think it a (lain to their Blood to place their Sons in that Funftion, and Women afhtmed to marry with any of them ; whereas anciently in fog™, (as among the Jew, the Tribe of Levi was counted no¬ ble above all other Tribes, except that of the Row Tribe of Judah) the Funaion of the Clergy was off) high Accounc and Elkem, that not only the bed Gen¬ try and Nobility, but divers of the Sons and Dtotto of fcvcral Englifb Kings, fincc the ConqucR, and Before, difdained not to enter into Holy Orders, and to »■ of ENGLAND. 207 Clergy-trim, as at this day is praftifed in mod other Monarchies cf Chriflcndom- Ethehvolph, Son and Suc- cdlor to Egber r, lirft foie King of England, was in Ho¬ ly Orders, and Eifhop of IVtncbejIer, at his Father’s death. 0 .h, Eifhop of Bayenx in Normandy was Brother to lOfiam the Conqueror. Henry ie Bloil, Brother to King 5re/'fttvj, was Bifhop ef Wmbefter, Geofry Plant a. gtetr, Son to Henry the Second, was Eifhop of Lincoln, Henry ie Beaufort, Brother to Henry the Fourth was Bi- lliop alfo of IVincbcjler. And of latter times that mod prudent Henry the Seventh had ddigned his fccor.d Son to bea Clergy-man, to omit many others of Noble Blood. Which Policy is dill obferved even amongd the few families of the Romi(h Religion in England, wherein are to be found at this day fome Brothers or Sonsof Vulyer, .Varqnijfer, Earls, and Barons, in Hcly Orders, and all the reft of the Stock of Baronets, Knights, or Gentry ; and for this caufc find refpeft not only amongd thole of their own Opinions, tut even of the mod fober, moderate, and bed civiliz’d Protedants. Whild this Policy laded in England, (which by the favour, and to the high Ho¬ nour of King Charles II. is in fome hopes to be revived ; for a Brother of the Earl of Northampton, another of the Earl of Bath, a Son of the Earl of Anglefey, a Son of the Lord North, another of the Lord Crew, another of the Lord Brereton, alfo a Brother of the Earl of Wejl- rr,-aland ; a Erothcr of the Earl of Sandwich ; a Brother of the Lord Vifcount I’refton, &c. have been lately encouraged 10 enter into Holy Orders.) the Clergy were judged the fu¬ nd Pcrfons to execute mod of the rhief Offices and places of the Kingdom ("according to the Divine Policy amongd God’spcculiar People, where the Prieds and Lcvites were the principal Officers and Judges in every Court; to whom the People were tobe obedient on pain of dcathj and the Laky did, with much Reverence and Refpeft fubmit to them. And as ibcn, Os Sacerdotis OracnUm erat plcbii, (ac¬ cording to chat of Malach, Chap. 1.7.) So, Os Epifeopi, Ont- t'Am erat Regis rfy Regni, fo Rex ampleSabatur Vniver- h Clem leu frrnU, ex ca fimper ftbi eligebat prim ‘ CmjiliK, pijmit ad Officia Regni obettniit■ Primi jgitnr ftleSant in omnibus Regni Can.itiis fy TnbmalibiK Epifeo • lb io8 Elje ^jefcut &tate pi, in Regali quidem Palatio cum regn’t Magnatikt, in ft. mitaru uni cum Comite , in Turn aim Vicecvnit:, fy Hundred! cum Domino Hundredi, jjc ut in pro/aovenJa jvjlj, tia ufquequnque gladi't glai'tum adjuvant <{j nihil inmfuli, Sacerdote vet Epijhpo ageretur. And this Union of Civil and Ecclefiaflical Perfor-s, Authority, and Courts of ] # . dicaturc, did continue, as Seldenl.z.dcSwdiiU , mate apparent above four thoufand ycirs, among!! God’s own People, till Pope Nickolat rl'.e Eirfl, about the cigluli Century, to exclude the Emperor from meddling in the Ecclcliaflic.il Government, began to exclude tlicCIcr- gy from meddling with the Civil, Vide Grat. Dijiir.c.c, Cum ad veru n. And it is certain, that for four or five hun¬ dred years, during the Reign of our Saxon Kings in Enp- land 'our Ecclcfialiical and Secular Magirtrates fate le. vingly together, with all fweetnefs and candour, deter, mining in the Morning Ecclefiaftical Adairs, and Civil in the Afternoon ; whereby it came to pah, that the Subjcft bad no caufe to complain of Prohibitions, idl¬ ing out of one Court of Judictfture, to obllruft the Ju- (lice of another, to the great coft, and fometimes nine of the poor Client, as hath been done ever fince H'tfwi the Conqueror made that unhappy Divifion in this Church But to return to our Eifhops, upon whom the Weil of this Kingdom, and Service of the King fo much de* pended, and their Prefence for that end fo much re¬ quired at London, tliac it was judged expedient that e- very Bilhoprick (hould have a Palace or Houfc belonging toitin or about London", and it is known at this day where flood the Houfes of every one, except that of Sc. Afao, which alfo mighc probably have had one, but mere ob- feure than fome other, that Eiflaoprick having been is ftlll very mean. Great was the Authority of the Clergy in thofc days, and their Memory fhr-uU he precious in tlicfe days, :t we confider that they were the Authors of fo great Be¬ nefits and Advantages to this Kingdom, that there are few things of any Importance for promoting of di: Welfare of tills Church and Stare, wherein the Ei- cfENGLAND. 209 lliops ami Prelates, under God, have not been the piitcif.il Injlruments. The excellent La tvs made hy King [tt, King A’helllan, King Edmund, and Sc. Edward the Conielior, from whom we have our Common Lam , and our Prhiledges mentioned in Magna C.haa.i, were all made by die perfwafions and advice of Archbifliops' and Ei- fjiops, named in our Hidories. The Vnm of the two Houftiof 7 'ir^an dLancajler, (whereby a longand bloody HMr was ended) was by the moil wife Advice and Courifcl of Billiop Jll rt-m, then a 1 ’rivy Counfcllor. The Union of England anti Sc aland , that in’xprei- libie Advantage to both Nations, was brought to pals by the long forefight of Reverend Billiop Fox, a privy- (xunlehor, in adviling Mra;; the Seventh to match his tldeft IJjughttr to Scotland, and liis younger to l ; nme. Mod of die great public!; Works now remaining in Eng¬ land, acknowledge their ancient and prefent Being, ei¬ ther to the (ole Cods and Charges, or to the liberal Contributions, or at lead to the powerful Perfwafions of Bilhops, as mod of the bed endowed Colledges in both our Vniverfities, very many Hojpitals, Churches, Fakes, Cullies, have been founded’ and built by Bi- Ihops; even that famous, chargeable, and difficult Stru- flure of London Bridge, dands obliged to the liberal Con¬ tributions of an Arclibifhop ; and it was a Bifhop of Lon- fa, at whofc earned requed William the Conqueror granted to the City of London fo large Privtlcdges, that ia a graceful Remembrance thereof, the Lord M.i).or and AHtmen , upon fomc folcmn days of their rcforc to Si Paul’s Church, did, before the late dreadful Fire, go lilProctfiion about the Crave-Jhne, where that Bidiop lay interred. fair above all, the convening England to the Cbriltian Rt/ijim, the Reforming that Religion when corrupted ■, and fince that, the maintenance of the Dothinc thereof againft all Romiffi Writers, and of the Di/e/p/ine thereof Tnone of the lead good Offices') againd all the praftiecs and power of the Puritan ami I’reshjterian Fa,‘Hons, and >1 thofe other Scfiarics lineally defended from them. M this, and more is owing, (if nor folely, yet principal- 10 'o ISijhpi and Prelates ; by the late wane of whom 2io SElje patent State to fit at the Stern, how foon was this goodly VdTtl fplit upon the Rocks of Anarchy and Confulion Even (ince the late Rcftauration of Eifhops, to fo down the many confidcrable and publick Benefices dot- ing from them, and other dignified Clergy, would tite What Sums of Money have been by them expended in repairing Cathedral churches, Epiftopal Houfet, in found¬ ing and Building Hofpitals, in Charity to poor Widows of Clergy-men, utterly ruined by the Olimlm ReMi- for redeeming a great number of poor Chrijhan Siam at Algiers ? What publick and private Sums for fupply. ing the King's Neceifities at his Rdliuration l What Ex- pences in Hofpitality, &c. above and beyond the Chi- rity and Bounty of others, who have ten times their Wealth and Riches. To infiance in a few, whereof certain Infomutitn hath been given. Ur. William Jitxon, Archbifiiop of Canterbury, it- ccafed, augmented to poor Vicarages to the Value of itoooi. paid for Redemption of Captives, in Subfiliu, PoU-mane;, Benevolences, Firft-fruits, &c. icooo /. Si. fairs 16000 l. Bcfides, for repairing of-St. Paul’s Cliurtli, 2000 1 . To St- John's Colledge in Oxford, 7000 /. In other charitable Ufes, 2000 1 . In all, 48000 I. Befides • all this, he was fo kind to his Tenants, as to abate in their Fines, 16000 /. Dr. Gilbert Shelden, then Billtop of London, and after Archbifiiop of Canterbury , gave for Redemption of Ctp lives, and other Cbaritable Vfes, in Subftdies, font w- lences, purchafe of I.om/on-Houfe, Repairs, Buildings ai Oxford, Fir /?- fruits. See. 40000 /. and abated tohisTfr nants 17000 /. and almoft all this while lie was Bilhop of London. . Dr. Brian D 'pps, late Bifiiop of Winchefter, gave « Redeeming Captives, building and endowing Alms-hrm , with other charitable Deeds, in Benevolences, Repairs, c/t- i6coo /. and was fo good to his Tenants, as to as® 30^00 1 . in their Fines. • Dr. Frewen, late Archbifiiop of Tori, disburfed m p» Jick Payments and Repairs only, befides Abatements “ Tenants, 15000/. of ENGLAND. 2 ir Dr. Cofms, the fore mentioned Eifhop of Durham, lu- ring from his firft entrance, to the end of Seven Year', not received above ;<; 3 oo t. lie expended it all, and ;ooo/. more, either in rebuilding and reparing the Hon- fes and Cadies belonging to that &v, or in rebuilding the Cluppcl at Autyand, anti h'ree-ScImb at Durham, all "Itidi had been ruined by the Republican Rcbelr, in foun.iins two Ujpn.dr, and a puliliel: Lib,.try , in found¬ ing Eight Scholardups in Cambrige. Of which pious and charitable T-Vorlts, the whole Expellees caine (according to moll certain Information) to above 220:0/. Ec- lidcs, he cxpenilcd in two Benevolences to rhe Kinr in redeeming of Chriflim C.ipihes at Algiers , for his Confemtion, frc. for the Furniture of the new Cbnfpd a; AukLmd with Plate, and other decent Ornaments: nr rclkvmgrhe chdrcfl'ed Ronlr.ut), and other publirk ™ pious life's, above . ir ... /. Ail which is declared here more particularly, than the deftgncd Brevity of thisTreatife would handfomly allow, only thereby to pat a flop to the Clamour of many perfons againfl this Bilhop, and many others; as if they had received vaft Sams of Money, and put it all in their private Purfcs. Dr. Warner, late Bilhop of Rxbefier, though his Fines were buc finall, yet befides Abatements to Tenants, he pe in Royal Prcfcnts, Bcvolences, Subfidics, redeem- P | o[ Captives, riri nofcibiles, or Kotalih 1 /M In all Cliriftian Monarchies, Men dm have been notable for Courage, Wifdom, Wealth, lie. have been judged fie and worthy to enjoy certain l’ri- viledgcs, Titles, Dignities, Honours, 'fyc. above the com¬ mon People, to be placed in an higher Oil, Vfc. and to be a Skreen between the King and the inferiour Subjects, to defend the one from Infolcncics, and the other from Tyranny; to interpret by their Connfel, Courage, and Grandeur, where comma perfons dare not, ought not to be fo hardy, to fuppori the King, and defend the Kingdom with their Lives ad 1 °Thc Nobility of England is called the Peerage of &/- land, bccaufe they are all Pares.Regni ; that is, KiSliPt fares, though grain imparts. ©retrfrjff.’J The Degrees of the Englifb Nobility are only five, tit;. Duke, Marqnifs, Earl, Rims, and Baron ; thefc are all Peers, but the four firft ate for State, Priviledge, and Precedence, above anil before thole who are Earons only. A DiiKe in Latine, Dux a duccndo, Noblemen Kin? anciently either Generals and Leaders of Armies in tine of War, or Wardens of Marches, and Govcrnouis« Provinces in time of Peace ; afterwards made fo « term of Life, then held by Lauds and Pees, at long- made Hereditary and Titular. Pilfer.] The firft Duke, fincc the Conqueror, « Edward the Wact Eime, created fo by Edw. ;• of ENGLAND. n 7 ithyear of his Reign. A Duke is at this day crea- ed by Patent, Ctntture of Sword, Mantle of State Im- fitho of a Cap, and Coronet of Gold on his Head, and a 'nit of Gold put into his Hand. ’ SfarqiliCff.] Mnrchio, a Marpuifs, was fo firft called Tom the Government of Marches, and Frontier Coun¬ ty f Iie r j tlw , t was fo crcatcd > was Robert Vere, Mol Oxford, made Marquifs of Dublin in OClave of A Marquifs is created by a Cinllure of Wleof State, Impofitm of a Cap of Honow y.tt, and delivery of a Charter or Patent. Sword, a with a Co- fori#. ] Earls anciently called Comites, becaufc fee; were wont emit artRegent, to wait upon the jng for Counfcl and Advice. The Saxons called them itllimn, the Vanes Eorlas, and th c Englifl, Earls r,ey had anciently for the fupport of their State, the rrd Penny out of the Sheriff’s Court, hiding out of 1 Pleas of that Shire, whereof they had their Title • i; now it is otherwife : for whereas heretofore Conte’s id Comitates were Correlatives, and there was no Comes [M, but had a tountr or Shire for his Earldom ; Matter Years the number of Earls increafing, and no ore Counties left, divers have made choice of fome Bent part ot a County, as Lindfep, Holland, Cleveland into, Sec* Others have chofen for their Title fome ■ent Town as Ewer, Bridgewater, BriJIol Sec. And ai to tee have taken for their Title the name of a “a" Village, of a Park, &c. An &rl is created by the Cinllure of a Sword, Mantle Sue put upon him bp the King himfelf, a Cap and a lll ’Head, and a Charter in hit Hand. All Earls are filled by the King, Conlanguinei nollri :e(liieof Lr anclCmly did > and fiill ™y ufe o A n! l fomc E S J h 1 i S -e° f T £ ^ / ‘ m ‘ f ,0Ca1 ’ 0r dominated ie is Petfnn ’ 7 | Wn u F ac n’ "“P' two > w| tcreof is Petfonal, as the Earl Marlhal of England, who is .only Honorary, as all the reft, but alfo Officiary. ^ The 2 i 8 . SClje Relent fetate The other is Nominal, ait;. Earl Riven, who takes hi Denomination from an llluftrious Family, astltereft do, from fome noted place. ©lifcOUUt.] Viceames, qnafi Vi c{ CmitU guberm# Cemitatum. This Title was firlf given, fay fome by Htt.f, in the 18th year of his Reign, to John Beaumont, though it may be found, that 5 Hen. 5. Sir Robert Emit wasbj the Ring created a Vicounc. . Vicounts are (filed by the King, Confangumei nojin,ti Couftns. A Vicounc is fo made by Patent, Eartm.] In the Laws of the Lmgeh.tr dt, and 0 the Normans, this word Bam was ufed for Fir, as 1 this day, Bam, or Enron, in the SpamJIt Tongue is life for the fame; fo that a Baron is Vir, i@t dg'M Mabilis, & PtincipalK, fo the chief Burgcffcsoftodsm ciemly, and (fill thofe of the Cinque-Ports, are a!si Barons. . . Bratton faith, they were called Barones, quafi Mi Belli, in the time of War, the fafety of the King, iik of all his People, did depend upon their Courage, Kil dom, Condudt, and Skill in Martial Affairs. Anciently thofe Barons only were accounted Ptmo the Realm, that held of the King per integrant Burn which confirted of thirteen Knights Fees, and one to part feach Knight’s Fee being 20 A) whlch raakfSI “ ! 400 Marks; and whoever had fo much, was wont t be fummoned to Parliament. Now to hold ftr Bard am, is to hold per hxreditatem Bnronii, whether greatt Barons in the beginning of the Reign of not of fomuch repute as afterwards, when that ter that great Rebellion againft him was fuppmtj « led by Writ unto Parliament, only fuch great men as ® confined loyal •, which the fucccedmg Kings ® vine, they only were accounted Peers of the Realtn that were called by the King’s fpecial Writ, > the others loft their Peerage, as fome grave A* affirm. * of ENGLAN D. The Earls Palatines, and Earls Marches of England! id anciently alio their Barons under them ; as in che- ire there arc yet fuch Barons: but as no Bifliops'buc ,ofc that hold immediately of the King, arc Peers f the Realm, (for the Eidiop of Man, holding imme- iatelyol the tar of Derh, is no Peer} fo no Barons, f 1 1 ,0 Realm C '° d lmmedlatcl >' of thc Kin g- are peers C.ipt B.mis is fomc Caflle, or chief Seat of a Noblc- an, which is not to be divided amongft Daughters fif " Land holden by Barony, doth not make the Purcha r, that is ignoble, to be noble, although the charge of til Tenure doth he upon him, in refpeft of the Ser re ofthe Realm ; no more than Land by VillainSer- :edoth make rite Purchafcr, that is a tree-man ton, though lie lhall thereby be bound to his Villain race due tor his Lands. Barons arc lomctirncs made by Writ, being thereby led to fit in thc Higher Houfc of Parliament, buemoff Jally by latent. u All the forementioned Degrees have thc Title of Lord im the Saxon word Lnford, Uomimn, ' All the Lords of England, both Spiritual and Tempo- 1, are tenia! aria to the King, and in their Creation, “ j | n t,K ' r SucceKion, do fwear an Oath of Feal- .and do Homage to the King their Sovereign, and t certain Duties, as Signs and Symbols of their Sub. ton lo their Prince. All Honours in are given by thc King, who is f lole fountain of Honour. 6 Maws of England prohibit all SubjecTs of thc Realm ' civc any Hereditary Title of Honour or DiT- ofthe Cite of any Foreign Prince, King, or Em t e- emm jm Mnjejhtk, & inter hftgnia fnmms j,,. None of tlicfe Honours bellowed by the King on a Fa- .can be loft, but by want of Iffuc-Male, except e ir' a , PaMnt CXr; nds t0 inue-Femalc, as Come- doth; or ellc by fomc hc.nous Crime; and 220 SEl)e \Djefctu £>tate ( hcn that Family cannot be reftored to their Blood fc t by Parliament. All Noblemen at their Creation have two Enfigns, t ( (ignifie two Duties: Their Heads arc adorned, ad lendttm Regent & Patriam tempore pack , and they girt with a Sword ad defendenim Regem Patimtm r ire belli. The fevcral Degrees of the Englifh Nobility are dif, fcrenced and diftinguilhed one from another by theii Titles and Enfigns of Honour, A Duke hath the Title of Grace, and being writiei unto, may be (filed, M r ift High, Potent, and .Voile Paw A Marquifs, Moft Noble, and Potent Lord. An Earl, Mr Noble, and Potent Lord. A Vicount, Right Noble, mil, tent Lord. And a Earon, Right Noble Lord. Their Coronets are all different. A Baron hath li Pearls upon the Circle, given to that Honour by Kit Chrrles II. Vicount hath the Circle of Pearls ttithoi number. An Earl’s Coronet hath the Pearls raifed upo Points, and Leaves low between. The Marquifs, a Pea and a Strawberry-leaf round, of equal height. And Duke’s Coronet, only Leaves without Pearls. Note, tit the Dukes of the Blood-Royal, as aforementioned, be; a Coronet of Croffes, add plotver-de-Luce, which is tl fame with that of the Prince of Wales, and his is th fame with the King’s, excepting the Arches, Chit, an Crofs on the top of the King’s Crown. All the Nob! are more efpecially difhnguilh’d by their Robes if P; hamtnt, by their fevcral Guards on their MmIui, (hort Cloaks about their Shoulders: A Baron hath b« two Guards, a Vicount two and a half; an Earl three a Marquifs three and a half', and a Duke four: All the Mantle of a Duke, Marquifs, and Earl, is faced wit Ermine, that of a Vicount and Baron, faced with plai white Furr. . , The Nobility of England have in all times cnjoyctun ny conftdcrable Privilcdges. . All Peers of the Realm being look’d on as the Hereditary conffant Counfcllors, their Perfons out Parliament time, arc priviledged (as others in Panrarat time) from all Arrefts, unlefs for Treafin, fw> of ENGLAND. air {reach cf Peace , Condemnation in Parliament or Contempt n the King. No Supplicnit can be granted againfl them; no Capiat or Exigent fued out againfl them for Aftions of Debt or Trefpafs. No Effliin, lies againfl any Peer of the Realm. In Criminal Caufcs, Trcafon, or Felony, they can¬ not be tryed by any other Jury, but by a Jury of Peers of the Realm; who are not as other Juries, to be put to tlicir Oath, hut their Vcrdift given 'in upon their Ho¬ nour fiifticcth. fn Civil Caufcs, they are not to be im- pannclicd upon any Jury, nor upon any Inquefls, JcfaSo, though in a matter between two Peers. In cafe anv Peer be returned upon any fuch |urv, there isafpeoial Writ for liisDiichargc. Upon no Cafe, to be hound to their good Behaviour, nor put to fwcar they will not break the I’carc, but only to promife it Vpm their Hmttt -, which was ever accounted lb Sacred, as upon no terms to be violated. A Peer of the Realm may not be put to the Rack, or Torture, to difeover the Truth, though ac- ufedof High Trcafon. Every Peer of the Realm cal- >d to Parliament, hath the Priviledge in Ira knvtuiab- Knce » to confliture a Proxy to vote for him, which none of the Commons may do. Aifo in places of trull committed to them, they are allowed to make Dcputic< 7 . reafon of the ncccffity, fuppofed in the Law , of ilieir Attendance on the Perfon of the King, though , lf r Law nor Common Law allow any o- tlier Mimony to be valid, but what is given upon ™ ’ }'«. the Teflimony of a Peer of England, given ! n ”P on !'is Honour, without any Oath, iscllecmedva- hnland they were wont to be examined upon their Allegiance, ami the Loyalty of their Chivalry, and to Putin their Anfwer ro a Bill fuper Hmrem, without ta- wngan Oath : though of latter times that Priviledge, ) the ncglcft of fome Lord, hath been infringed fome- times. A day of Grace, by the Favour of the Court, is »ott° he granted to the Plaintiff, in any Suit or Aftion raercin a Peer of the Realm is Defendant; and thisbv Mute-Law, bccaufc the Law prefumes, that a Peer of ™ Realm mull always be ready to attend the Perfo n “ the Ring, and the Service of the Common-weakli. • “ therefore it is not to be delayed any longer than the 122 Elje ^ieftnt State ordinary ufe of the Court, but to have expedition oi Jurtice. At the beginning of Parliament, whenthcOnh of Supremacy is exafted of all thofe of the Houfe of Commons, yet it is not required of any of the Lords, bccaufe the King is othervvife allured of their Loyalty and Fidelity, as is prefumed. In all Cafes, wherein the Privilcdgc of Clergy is allowed to other Men, and a'/o in divers Cafes, where that Privilcdgc is taken awj from other Men, every Peer of the Realm having p!a« and Voice in Parliament, fhall, upon his Ucqucfl, kj Star- i Edtv. 6 . without burning in the Hand, lofs of Inheritance, or Corruption of Blood, be adjudged for the firff time, as a Clerk Convift, though he cannot id The Title of Lord is due to all that arc Barons of Eq land, and to none orhtrsbefides Bifhops, and force gm: Officers of the Kingdom- . Only of Courtefie the Title of Lord is given to il the Sons of Dukes and Marquiffcs, and to all the tldel Sons of Earls, and to none under. ah K.irauof £iiv/.»id are exempted from all atttndm 3t sheriffs Toms, or any Leets, where others arc# sed to take the Oath of Allegiance. A Peer cannoc be Outlawed in any Civil Alim, h caufe he cannot be Arrcfted by any Capias ; and by tb fame rcafon lies no Attachment againft him. By the Cuflomof England, (as is by the Lawoltht Empire J Kobiles non torqttentm in qitibin plebci mtpam fa Mobiles non fufpendmtttr fed decapitantur : yet this a) the meer favour of the King, and in fomc Cafes, ef[< daily of Felony, hath been otherwife fometimes. For the (upprefling of Riots and Routs , the S» riff may raife the Poffe Comitatm ; that is, all able® are to affifthim ; yet may not the Sheriff command ® perfon of any Peer of the Realm to attend that .a A Baron of Parliament being fent for by the Kings® or Letter, or by his Meflenger, to come to Conn, «> Parliament, or to appear before the Council-Bom, «i his Court of Chancer), may, both coming and return: by the King’s Foreft or Park, kill one or two Deer. of ENGLAND. 223 In any Civil Tryal, where a Peer of the Realm is Plain- if or Defendant, there mud be returned of the Jury, [lead one Knight, otherwife the Array may be quafh’d iy challenge. The Laws of England are fo tender of the Honour, Iredit, Reputation, and Perfons of Noblemen, that here is a Statute on purpofe to hinder all Offence by alfe Reports, whereby any Scandal to their Perfons may rile, or Debate and Difcord between them and the Com- 10ns i and bccaufe it is to defend not only Lay-Lords , at lijlufs, and all great Officers of the Realm, it is called 'itrMlm Magnatum. The Houle of a Peer cannot, in forite Cafes, (as in fearch or prohibited Books, for Conventicles, another may not retain above four. •n cafe of Amercements of the Peers of the Realm pon Non-Suits, or other Judgments , a Duke is to be nerced only ten pounds, and all under only five pounds ■, w thisto.be done by their Peers, according to Mag- i*4 fifljc $?cfcnt State na Charta, although it is oft done now by the Hire’s Juftices inftead of their Feers. All Peers of the Realm being conftant Hereditary Cm. fellers of the King, in his Great Comal of Parliament,^ being obliged upon the King’s Summons to appear 4 arf attend in all Parliaments upon their own Charges, at priviledged from contributing to the Expenccs of aaj Member of the Houfe of Commons ; for which no l.ctj may be made upon any of their Lands, parcel of thti: Earldoms or Baronies, any of their ancient Vemcjn, C:;j. hold, or Villain-Tenants. The Effates of all Peers of the Realm, being judged in the Eye of the Law, fufTtcient at all times to fatis fie all Debts and Damages, fatisfatfion is to be foil* by Execution taken forth upon their Lands and Gocds and not by Attachments, Imprifonments of their Peifoa fthofe arc to be always free from the Service of * King and Kingdom} nor by Exigents, or Caftas Vtk gatnm, &c. , „ , , Other Priviledges belong to the Peers of En mi Eight Tun of Wine Cujiom-free to every Earl and toil reft proportionably, ©c. Notwithftanding thefe great priviledges belonging« the Nobility of England, yet the greateft of them (d not the Brother or Son of the King} ever had iltpr viledge of the Grandees of Spain, to be covered in th King’s Prefence, except only Henry Ratclif, Earl of Sn reyyas before. Nor had ever that higher privileJgti the Nobility of Fi ance, whofe Domain Lands, and thti Dependants holding them, are exempted from all Cat bntions and Tallies, by which Favour they arc tytdi their King, and fo enabled to ferve him, that alir.. Rebellions are frequent, yec feldom of long cominuK and never profperous; whereas the higheft born Slip of England hath herein no more pnvilcdge than.fl meaneft Ploughman, but utterly wants that kind ot H ward for ancienc Vertue, and Encouragement for Iffi ^Tuiching the Places or Precedencies amongft the f« of England, it is to be obferved, That (after the Ee and Princes of the Blood, via,. the Sons, Grandtei^ of ENGLAND. 225 [lists, Uncklcs, or Nephews of the King, and no farther^ Dukes amongft the Nobility, hare the firft place the 11 Marquifles, Dukes elded Sons, Earls, Marquiffcs’ elde ft Sods, Dukes younger Sons, Vicounts, Earls eldeft Son s > Marquife younger Sons, Barons, Vicounts eldeft Son s > Earls younger Sons, Barons eldeft Sons, Vicounts youn¬ ger Sons, Barons younger Sons. Here note, That it was decreed by King James the Firft, That the younger Sons of Barons and Vicounts fald yield place and precedence to all Knights of the Garter, Ouatemts tales , and to all Privy Counsellors, Ma- U« ‘f t,:e w “tds. Chancellor and Vnder-Treafurer of the I Exchequer , Chancellor of the Dutchy, Chief Jujlice of the King's Bench, Mtfler of the Rolls, Chief Jujlice of the Omm Pleas, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and all other jtiges and Barons of the degree of the Coif of the faid Courts, and that by reafon of their Honourable Order and Imploymcnt; and alfo to all Bannerets y made under the King's Banner or Standard difplayed in an Army Rot- «/, in open War, and the King pcrfonally prefent. Moreover, obferve, that all Nobles of the fame De¬ gree take place according to the Seniority of their Crca- But the Princes of the Blood, the Great Officers of the Reality and the Bifhops are to precede according to an An of Parliament, 31 Hen. 8. The Lord Chancellor, Lord Trcafurcr, Lord Prefident of the King’s Council, Lord Privy-Seal: Thefe being Earons, or above, (hall in Parliament, fit above aft Cukes, except the Son, Brother, or Nephew of the King. The Lord High Steward of England is not here mnied, hecjufc it was intended, thai he fhould not jj® continue beyond the Occafion, for which he (hould Next hath place, the Lord Great Chamberlain of Eng- lllcn the Lord High Conftablc, the Earl Marftial, the Lord High Admiral, Lord Steward of the King’s nouihold, Lord Chamberlain of the King’s Houlhold tntfe (lull fit after the Lord Privy-Seal, above all of their “tgrec only. And if the King’s principal Secretary be SCfo^wftnt &tate a Baron, he takes place of all Batons, that are not of the Offices before-mentioned; but if lie be a Vico®, the Offices betore-mentionca, um. » v ™ or higher Degree, he (hall take place only according to his Degree. Alfo, if the King’s Secretary be a Bilhows anciently was ufual, he takes place next to the Bifhop of Winchefler, before all other Bifhops that have noncof the Offices aforefaid. . , • , All Dukes, Marquiffes, Earls, Vtcounts, and Barons, mot having any of the faid Offices, fliall take place at- | cording to the ancientry of their Creation. All Dukes eldeft Sons have the Title of Earls , ad the eldeft Son of an Earl hath the Title of the Earls Bn rony, and fometimes of the Vicounty, according to tit Patent: fetafe.i There are certain Marks of State that belong to each degree amongft the Nobility, whicathey nuj praftife, or not praftife at pleafure. ©Ufce.l A Duke may have in all places o King’s prefence, aCloth of Eftate hanging down s* half a yard of the Ground; fo may his Dutchefs, it her Train bom up by a Baronefs j and no Earl to sill with a Duke, without the Duke s pleafure. {©arquife.] A Marquifs may have a Cloth of Ete, reaching within a yard of the ground, and that m al places out of the prefence of the King, or a Me and his Marchionefs to have her Tram born by a Kn'gfic Wife ; and no Vicount to wafh with a Marquils, outa his pleafure. earl.l An Earl alfo may have a Cloth of Elba without l’endams, but only Fringe, and a Countels ®; have her Train born by a Gentlewoman, out ot ite prefcnce of her Superiors, and in their preknee b; a Gentleman. flUicOUllt-] A Vicount may have a Cover of A®! holden under his Cup while lie drinks, hue no Aflayta- ken as Dukes, Marquiffes, and Earls may have, and ® A Catalogue of the PEERS of England, ac¬ cording to their Pteccrlence. fltft Great Officers following, in refpeff of their Offices , take thee before all Dukes not of the Blood-Royal. T H E Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. ^ The Lord Treafurcr. The nS STfje ^jefent g>tate The Lord Prefident of the King’s Council. The Lord Ptivy Privy-Seal. Thefe other Great Officers take place alfo in refpett of rtrf, Offices, above ad others of the fame Degree that thejfhn happen to be of. The Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Lord High Conftable. The EarMarlhal of England. The Lord Admiral of England. The Lord Steward of the King’s Houlhold. The Lord Chamberlain of the King’s Houlhold. Note alfo, that the King’s chief Secretary of State be¬ ing of the Degree of a Baron of Parliament, (ball p r( . cede all Barons not having any of the Offices; and if he be a Bilhop, he (hall precede, and take place of all other Bilhops not having the faid Office. After his Royal Highnefs Prince George of Dem.i and Norms , who was lately naturalized by an AS of Parliament, and by King William created Duke offa- ierland, Earl of Kendal, and Baron of Ockjngkaa, fel¬ low the Bukes and Dutcheflesallin their Order. Dukes and Dutchejfes. W illiam, Duke of Ghucejler. Hem) Howard, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Amid' Earl-Marfhal of England. 8rc. Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerfet, and Marquifs of Hertford, &c. Barbara, Dutchefs of Cleaveland, and Countefs of $»'{■ tmpton, Lovifa de Qitewalle, Dutchefs of Portfmouth, and Coun¬ ters of Farham. Charles Lenox, Duke of Richmond, and Earl of AM Charles FitzRoy, Duke of Southampton, and Earl of hefier, Sec* H®, of ENGLAND. 219 Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Grafton, and Earl of Eu Jhn, See. J a o£ry Mer ' DUkC d0rmnd> and EarI of Brecknock Hm^Smerfet, Duke of Beaufort, and Marquifs of VIor- QKfieFity.Ro), Duke of Northumberland, and Baron of Ptotijrflct) &c. fvdtc BeHCh ‘ r> Dukc ° f Sc ' AIbMS ’ and Earl 0{Bur - James Pity-James, Duke of Berwick, Earl of 7 In. M and Baron of Bofmnh in the"County of Lei- Charles Schonberg Duke of Schonberg. Wiliam Herbert, Marquifs of Powit, Sec. Tmat Osborne, Marquifs of Carmarthen, Lord Prefident fthePnvy Council, Earl of Banby, WcounY S A Fere, Earl of Oxford, and Lord Bole- Jhdes Talbet, Earl of Shrewsbury, and Lord Furni- ^myGrey, Earl of/fenr. ^ arl of D,r ^ and Eaton Strange,See. nJ? m Z\ Kstld R « tlMd > and Eaton 4s, See. Jjjtf EarI ^Huntington, Bmn k ¥ m Earl of Bedford, and Baron RulTel See Edward 230 SElje Cerent &tate Edward Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, and Baron Clinton, Sic. Henrj Howard, Earl of Suffolk., and Baron Howard of Walden, See. , ., „ , Charles Samite, Earl of Dor/ef and Middlefex, Lord Chamberlain of the Houlhold, and Baron Buckhurft, &c, James Cecil, Earl of Salisbury and Vifcount Cm- John Cecil, Earl of Exeter, and Baron Burghky, &c, John Egerton, Earl of Bridgwater, and Vifcoum Bra;!;- le) 'ptiiip Sidney, Earl of Leicejler, and Vifcoum Life, Sic, George Compton, Earl of Northampton, and Baron Comp- m Edward Rich, Earl of Mrivicl; and Holland, and Bn ron Rich, &c. William Cavendiffi, Earl of D empire, and Baron O Un Bafii Fielding, Earl of Denbigh , and Vifcount Fitil¬ ing, &c. John Digby, Earl of Sriflol, and Baron Dtgby, &c- John Holies, Earl of Clare and Baron Houghton, Sic. Pawlet St.John, Earl of Bolinbmf, and Baton Si John of Bletfho, See. , „ Vet* Fane, Earl of Westmorland, and Baron le de Spa¬ cer and Burgher!}), &c. Charles Montague, Earl of Manchefter, and Vifcount ,'*• deville. See. , Thomas Howard, Earl of Berkshire, and Vifcount is» John 'Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave, and Baron S Infill, ^ Thomas Savage, Earl Rivers, and Vifcount Col*' JiCfy &C* Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindfey, and Baron Willoughbp, Sic. Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Henry Mordant, Earl of Peterborough, and Baron Mm 1 Cr °Charfes'Finch, Earl of Y/wbelfey, and- Vifcount bid ^ &c< Euk of ENGLAND. * 51 Evelin Pietfont, Earl of Kingfien upon Hull, and Vif- count Newark, fee. Charles Dormer, Earl of Caernarvon, and Yifcount Af¬ oot, fee. Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chefierfield, and Baron Stan¬ ly, fee. Tbmtii Ti'fm, Earl of Timet, and Baron Tufton,&c. William Wentworth, Earl of Strafford ,and Yifcount Went¬ worth, &c. Robin Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, and Baron Spen¬ cer, fee. Robert Leal’ , Earl of Scarfdak, and Baron Dainaurt, fee. Edward Mount ague Earl of Sandwich, and Yifcount flkkinbrnty, &c. Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and Yifcount Cornbu- ry, fee. Algernon Capel, Earl of Ejjex, Vifcount Maiden,Sec. Robert Brudenel, Earl of Cardigan, and Baron Brude- nel, fee. James Amefley, Earl of Anglefey, and Baron Amefley, &c. John Granville, Earl of Bath, and Vifcount Lanfdown,Sccc Edward Howard, Earl of Carlijle, Vifcount Morpeth, &c. William Craven, Earl of Craven, Vifcount Craven of Vf- frigton, fee. Thomas Bruce, Earl of Alesbury, and Baron Bruce, fee. Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington, and Baron Clifford, &c. Anthony Afhley Cooper, Earl of Shaftsbury, and Baron ifliiey, &c. Edward Henry Lee, Earl of Litchfield, and Yifcount fymndon, See. Tnomas Leonard, Earl of Suffex, and Baron Dacres, &c. Louis de Duras, Earl of Fever (loam, Vifcount Sands, fee. Charles Gerrard, Earl of Macclesfield, and Vifcount Brandon, fee. Charles Bodville Roberts, Earl of Radnor, Vifcount Bod- Willio k, fee Daientr i Paflon, Earl of Yarmouth, Vifcount Pafion, &c. Berkeley, Earl of Berkeley, and Vifcount Dur- Pinch, Earl of Nottingham, and Baron Finch of fee. Laurence i3i SC&e Piefent &tate Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochefier, Vifcount Me, & c ; James Bertie, Earl of Abington, Baron Norreys, See. Baptifl Noel, Earl of Gainsborough,Vikount Camp den, tii c . Centers Darcy, Earl of Holdernefs, and Baron Dan; and Meynel, Sec- Other Windfir, Earl of Vljmmth, and Earon Windforfa Catherine Sidle), Countcfs of Dorchefler, end Earoncfi of Darlington. Francis Ratcliff, Earl of Derwentwater, Vifcount Re. cliff and Langley in the County of Cumberland, and Bi- ron Tyndal. Henry Howard Earl of Stafford. William Bentinclp, Earl of Portland, Vifcount Wndjix{, and Baron of Cirencefier. Thomas Bellajpfe, Earl of Falconberg, and Vifcount Fil- conberg. Charles Mordant, Earl of Monmouth, and Vifcount Ma¬ dam. Ralph Mount ague, Earl o f Mountaguc, Vifcount Mount Ha¬ mer, and Baron Mountague. John Churchil, Earl of Marlborough, and Baron Chtrdil Arthur Herbert, Earl of Torrington, Baron Herberts Torbay in the County of Devon. Richard Lumley, Earl of Scarborough, and Vita; Lumley. Henry Booth, Earl of Warrington, Baron de la Mere, Vifcounts. E D wardd' Everenx, Vifcount Hereford. i Francis Brown, Vifcount Mountague. William Fiennes, Vifcount Say and Seal. Francis Newport, Vifcount Newport. Charles Townfend, Vifcount Townjend. Thomas Thynn, Vifcount Weymouth. Chrijiopher Hatton, Vifcount Hatton. Henry Sidney, Vifcount Sidney. Henry Telverton, Vifcount Longueville, Edward Villiers, Vifcount Villiers. Of ENGLAND. 233 Bums and Baromkljes, G &rge fowl, Lord Abergavenny. James Toucher, Lord Audley. Robert Bertie, Lord of Earthy. Chiles Well, Lord de la Ware, Charles Berkley, Lord Berkeley of Berkley. Thomas Barker, Lord Males and Mont eagle. Robert Shirley, Lord Ferrars.’ Charles Mildmay, Lord Fitg-Walter, Ralph Eure, Lord Eure. Philip Whartm, Lord Wkartm. Thomas Willoughby, Lord Willoughby of Parham. Wiliam Paget, Lord Paget. Francis Howard, Lord Howard of Effingham. Charles North, Lord North, md Grey oi Rollcllm. James Bruges, Lord chandos. Robert Cary, Lord Hunfden. Robert Sidney, Lord Sidney of PenIhurjl. Thomas Petre, Lord Petre. Charles Gerrard, Lord Gerrard cf Garret is Bromley. of Hems Arundel, Lord Arundel of Wardonr, and Count the Empire. The Lady Catherine Stewart, Earoncfs Clifton, See. Cbrijtapher Roper, Lord Tenbam. Fulke Greville, Lord Brook; Ford Grey, Lord Grey of H'a r(\ John Lovelace, Lord Lovelace. John Pawlet, Lord Pawlet. William Maynard, Lord Maynard. Thomas Coventry, Lord Coventry. William Howard, Lord Howard of Efcrick Charles Mohun, Lord Mchun. Henry Herbert, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. nomas Letgn, Lord Leigh ot Stoneler. Thomas jermyn, Lord Jermyn of St. Edmonds-Bury. William Byron, Lord Byron. John Vaughan, Lord Vaughan. Francis Canington, Lord Carrington, Sec. William 234 &!)* &t 8 tC William Widdrington, Lord Widdrington. Edward Ward, Lord Ward. John Culpepper, Lord Culpepper. Charles Boyle, Lord Clifford of Lanesbirougb, Robert Lucas, Lord Lucas. Edward Watjon, Lord Rockingham. Robert Button, Lord Lex inton. Mvmaduke Langdale, Lord Langdale. John Berkley, Lord Berkley of Stratton. Charles Granville, Lord Granville. Francis Holies , Lord Holies. Charles Cornwallis, Lord Cornwallis. Thomas Cmv, Lord Crew. John Arundel, Lord Arundel of Trerice. Hugh Clifford, Lord Clifford of Ckudleigh. Sufan Airmine, Baronefs Bellafife of Ofgodby. Peregrine Osborne, Lord Osborne of Kjvcton. George Carteret, Lord Carteret. John Bennet, Lord Offulfton. George Legg, Lord Dartmouth, Giles Allington, Lord Allington. John Stawcl, Lord Stawel. Francis North, Lord Guilford. Sidney Godolphin, Lord Godolphin of Rialton. Henry Jermin, Lord Dm. John Jefferyes, Lord Jeffereys. Henry Waldegrave, Lord Waldegrave. Edward Griffin, Lord Griffin. Hugh Cholmondley, Lord Cholmondley. John A/hburnham, Lord Ajhburnham. Of Temporal Peers of England, there are at prefeot One hundred fifty and nine ; whereof are, [dumber.] Dukes and DutchdTcs-. .— -^ Murquiflcs-- Earls and Countelfes-- —y—o] Vifcoums---——-■--— Barons and Baroneffes———■- ^ 2 ?) of E N G L A N D. Whereas within Eighty years laft paft, there was nor one Duke, hue one Marquifs, about Nineteen Earis, Three or hour Vifeounts, and Forty Lords. ■Rfilfmir.] The Lam and Cuflomt of England, (al¬ ways willing that Decorum and Cmeniincy fl-ould be c- verv where obferved ; and confidcring the Charges and Expellees appertaining to thefevera! Degrees of Honour, a; they belong to Men of principal Service to the King ; ,mi Realm,both in time of War and Peace,) expetfed , tiur r.ii.ii ot tnem d'.nuld have a convenient Eflare, | tad Value of hands of Inheritance, for the lupport of ; hair Honours, and the Kings Service. Therefore anci- : intrinfick value of a Pound Sterling I was worrii Thirty Pounds of our Money now, as appears ! by the then price of all things, every Knight was to | have about Eight Hundred Acres, reckoned at Twenty hounds yearly in Land ; that is, about 6 co l. of our Mcncy at this day. A Baron to have thirteen Knights Fee;," and one Third Part, which amounted to about : 5 - /, which multiplycd by 30, was as much as 8010/. a year a- this day. An Earl Twenty Knights Fees, a Duke h'orty. And in cafe of decay of Nobility, or | that they had fo far wafted their Revenues, that their I Honours could not decently be maintained, (as tlieRo- Senators were in fuch cafe removed from the Se¬ nate) fo fometimes feme Englifl, Barons have not been admitted to fit in the Higher Houfe of Parliament, | though they kept the Name and Title or Dignity But to prevent this wafting of Revenues, whereof at i prefent there are too many woful Examples in England, the Sp.mijh King puts a Curator or Guardian over any Lord of Spain, that by Prodigality is like fo to wafte his Eftate, as that his Honour and Title cannot be fufficient- ly fupported. 1 for the better fupport of thefe Degrees of Honour, i the King doth ufually upon the Creation of a Duke, Mar- j;i»ils, Earl or Vicount, grant an Annuity or yearly h.Rent to them and their Heirs, which is fo annexed to I to Dignity, that by no Grant, Aflurance, or any manner i ;6 SCTje p';ffnit State of Alienations can be given from tlie fame, but is fljll incident to, and a fupport of the fume Dignity; con¬ trary to that Principle in Law, that every Land of f e( . Simple may be charged with a Rent in Fee-Simple , by m way or other. To a Duke the King grants 40 /. heretofore a confide- table Pcnfton; to a M.irquifs 40 Marks, to an Earl 20/, and to a Vicoumic Mirks. To Barons no ftirh Pcnfi. ons are ordinarily granted, only King Charles the firf) creating Mounijn Blount (the late Earl of Ncr*p:it) Lord Montjoyol Thurlilonc, granted him a Fee of 20 Marksjn Annum, to him and his Heirs for ever. As rhe King of England hath ever had the reputed the richeft in Domains of any King in Europe, fo the Nobility of England have been accounted the richcfl in Lands of any Neighbouring Nation ; feme havirg above 2ocoo /- yearly, others 15000/. and fo many of them above 10000/. that if one with another they have but £ooc /. yearly, it will amount in all amongfl the i;o Lords , above Twelve hundred feventy two thuufanl Pounds a Year, about the Eleventh part of the yearly Revenue of all England, which upon Computation is found to be about Fourteen Millions yearly. The Engliflt Nobility for Valour, Wifdom, Integrity and Honour, hath in all former Ages been equal to any in Chriltendom. Every Lord's Houfe was a kind of well difeiplin’d Court, infomuch that the Gentry, Males and Females, were wont to be fent thither for vertuous Breeding, and returned ex¬ cellently accomplilhed. At home, their Table, Attendance, Officers, Ex- ereifes, Recreations, Garb, was an Honour to the Nt- tion. Abroad they were attended with as brave, nume¬ rous, and uniform Train of Servants and Followers, is any in Europe -, not thinking it confident with theirHo- nours to be fecn walk the Streets almoft in Cuerp wills one Lacquey, or not that, much lefs to be found drinking in a Tavern or Coffcc-Houfc. If fome of the Einglijh Nobility, by a long continued Peace, cxceffivc Luxury in Diet, want of Afiion, &• wen of ENGLAND. 237 were before die lace Wars, born more feeble in Body than their AnccAors, and by too fine, and too full Diet, afterwards wercrendred weaker in Mind ; and then du¬ ring the late'Troubles, by much Licentioufncfs, and want of fit Education, were fo debauch’d, that it was lately difficult to find (as fomc are bold to affirm) rhe Courage, VVifdom, fuflice, Integrity, Honour, Sobriety, and Courtdie of the ancient Nobility, jet it is not to be doubted, but that under a Warlike enterprifing Prince, all thole Venues of their Forefathers may fpring afrtfii. CHAP. XX. Of the Third State, or Commons of England, ml therein of Baronets, Knirhts, Effiires, Gen¬ tlemen, Yeoman, Citizens , Handicrafts, Sic. T HE Law of England, contrary to the Laws and Cu- Aoms of other Countries, callcth none Noble under a Baron ; fo that not only all Baronets, all forts of Knights, all Elquircs and Gentlemen, but alfo the Sons of the Nobility, arc by our Law reckoned amongA the Commons of England-, and therefore the elded Son of a Duke, though by the Courtcfic of England Ailed an Earl, yet (hall be arraigned by the Aile r-f Efquire only, and may be tryed by a Jury of Common tree- folders; and in Parliament can lit only in the Houfe of Cmmms, if clefted, till called by the King' s Writ to the Lords Hmfe. Yet doth it feem very abfurd , that all Noblemens Sons, with all Knights, Efquires, and Gen¬ tlemen ffiould be cAccmed Plebeians , hut rather, as in Kmc, they were in a middle rank, inter Samtorcs ( Earl. 20 Francis Baring!on. 21 Henry Berkeley, Ex. 22 William Wentworth, Earl of Str afford. 23 Richard Mufgrave. 24 Edward Seymour. 25 Moyle Finch, Earl of Win- chelfea. 25 Anthony Cope. 27 Thomas Mounftm, 23 George Grefely. 29 Paul Tracy. 30 John Wentworth, Ex. 31 H-nry Bellafyfe, Earl of Falconberg. 32 WilliamC.onftable. Ex. 33 Thomas Leigh, an E nglifls Baron. 34 Edward Noel, Earl of Gainsborough. 35 Robert Cotton. 36 Robert Lbolmon, deleigh, Ex. 37 John Molineux. 140 %\)t ^jcfcnt £>wc 38 Francis Worthy, Ex. 75 Will. Goftwick. 39 George Smile, Marquifs. 76 The. Puckering, Ex, 40 William Kniveton. 77 William Wray. 41 Philip Wooikufe. 78 William Ailoffe. 42 William Pope, Ex. 79 Marmaduke Wivel. 43 James Harrington. 80 John Perftmtl. 44 Henry Savile, Ex, 81 Francis Engleftcld. At henry Willoughby, Ex, §* Thomas Ridgway, Iiijl 4 6 Lems Trejham, Ex- Earl. 47 Thorny Biudcnell,Englifl.i 83 William Eftex. Earl. 84 Edward Gorges, lift) Bn aS George St. Paul, Ex. ron. 49 philipTirwhit. 85 Edward. Devercux, Eng. 50 Roger Dallifon, Ex. glifh Vifcounr. 51 Edward Cam. 86 Reginald Milrn, E^l 51 Edward Huffey. Baron. Left range Mordant. 87 Samuel Grimfton. 54 Thomas Bendifti. 88 Thomas Holt. 55 John Wynne. 89 Robert Naper. 56 William Throckmorton. 90 Paul Banning. Ex. 77 Richard Worfeley. 91 Tmmas Temple. 58 Richard Fleetwood. 92 Thomas Pemflon. 59 Thomas Spencer. ^Thomas Blaclfton, Es. $o John Tufton, Englijh Earl. 94 Robert Dormer, Eujiji 6 1 Samuel Peyton, Ex. Earl. 6: Charles Morrifon, Ex. 93 Rowland Egertsn. 6 3 Henry Baker, Ex. 96 Roger Tomejbend, 64 Roger Appleton. Vifcounr. 65 William Sidley. I 97 Simon Clark- (6 William Twifden. 98 Edward Fitton, Ex. 67 Edward Hales. ' 99 Richard Lucy, Ex. (i William Monys, Englift) ico Matthew Boynton. Baron. I 101 Thomas Littleton. 6a Thomas Mildmay. . 102 Franch Leigh, Ex. £9 70 William M.v.nard, Eng- 1 lifli Earl. lifto and Irijh Baron. i to^Thomas Surdct. '71 Henry Lee. i 104 George Morton. 72 John Fortman, Ex. 105 William Haney,IxEtp 73 NicholasSautidet[on, hijb lift) and lift) Edron, Vifcounr. I ic6 Thomas Mackwortlt. 7 4 Miles Sands, Ex. 107 William Grey, W I Earon. ‘ ci of ENGLAND. 'p i\fillim Villert. ■P9 James Ley, Ex. ii oWillkm Hick/. 111 Tm.it Beaumont, Irifh i Vifcounr. i il limy Salisbury. ii j Erafmus Driien. 1 1 j William Armine, Ex. |lj HU. Hamburgh, Ex. |ij Edward Hartop. I17 John Mill. IfifrmcitRaddijfe, Englijh L Dniti Fmlii. L Tiumai Philips. Cl.nihii Forfter, Ex. Anthmr Chejler. 13 Small To y on. Kervton. fin Bolder, F.x. Englijh Earon. Gilbert Gerard. p Humphrey Lee. p Richard Berner. R Humphrey Vorfter. " i Ex. Beling r «tt rd. . „ A . l} fh Scudamore, Irifh } JdaiPaclJngton, iMph Alhlhn. 2 4 * 144 Thomas nifhop. 145 Francis Vincent. 146 Henry Clere, Ex. 14 7 Benjamin Tichburne. 14S Richard Wilbraham. 149 Thomas Delves. 150 Lewis Wat [on, Englijh Baron. 151 Thomas Palmer. 152 Richard Roberts, Englijf) *53 John Rivers. 1 54 Thomas Darnel. '5 Sfac Sidle,. 1 56 Mien Brown, Ex. •57 John Hewet. 158 Henry Jernigam 159 Nicholas Hide, Ex. 160 John Philips. 161 John Stepney. 162 Baldwin If rtfo. ' 6 William Alafloom. 104 John Colbrond. '65 John Hotham. 166 Francis Atanjel. 167 Edward Powel, Ex. I6S John Garrard. 15/ R’chardGroficnour, 170 Henry Moods, Ex. 17 ' Jfn Barker. ■73 l jto.ge nin ' P Wiliam cha'loner, Ex. 175 Fetcr Conn e,Es, 1 7 S Capcl Bedell 179 John Dated 181 Francis A,Hey. Anthony Ajhlcy,V.x. M 13 1 John SEtje ^jefcttt &tatc 242 188 John Cooper, Engli{h\ Earl. 184 Edmond Prideaux. 185 Thomas Hajlerigge. 1 86 Thomas Burton. 187 Francis Foleiamle, Ex. 1 83 Edward Tate. 189 George Chudleigh. 190 Francis Drake. 1 ci i William Meredith. 19a Hugh Middleton. lo'gGijfordThornhmjl. 194 Percy Herbert, Engliji Marquifs. Robert Fi/hcr. 196 Hardolph Wajhieyt. 197 Henry Skfpwith. 198 Thomas Harris. 199 Nicholas Tempeft, 100 Francis Cottingt',c,Es, 201 Thomas Harris, Ex, 202 Edward Barkham, 203 John Corbet, Ex. 204 Thomas Placers, Baronets created by King CHARLES the l iiit. i 5 TO/jn Ajhficld, Ex. 06 J i 206 J Hemp Harper. 207 Edward Seabright, Ex. 208 John Beaumont. 209 Edward Dering. HoGeargc Kcnf, Ex. 211 William Brereton, Ex. 212 Patriciiss Cxrwen Ex. 213 William Ruffe/. 214 John Spencer. 215 Giles Ejlcourt. 21 6 Ti:o. Aylesbury, Ex. 2)7 Thomas Style. 218 Frederic^ Cornwallis, EogHjh Baron. 219 Drue Dimy. 220 William Skeffnglon. 221 Robert Crane, Ex. 222 Anthony Wingfield. 223 William Culpepper. 224 Giles Bridges, Enghjh Baron. 225 John Kirle. 226 Humphrey Stilts, fl. 227 henry Moor. I 228 Thomas Heal. 229 John Carleton, Ex. 230 Thomas Maples,lr, 231 John Ijham. 232 Harvey llagot. 233 Lewis Pallard, Ex. 234 Francis Mannock 235 Henry Gliffith, Ex. 236 LodowiciDycr. 237 Hugh Stukely. 23S Edward Stanly. 239 Edward Littleton, 240 Ambrofe Brown. 241 Saddle Crow. 242 Michael Lacjey,U 24 3 Simon Barnet, Ex. 244 Thomas Ftjl.er, Ex. 245 Thomas Bowycr.^ of ENGLAND. (,Bm Bacon. 1 John Corbet. 8 Edward Tirrel. .9 D«nv/, Ex. 50 Richard Toung, Ex. 51 If® Pennyman, Ex. 2 William Stonelmfe, 253 Timas Fowler, Ex. 254 John Fenwick. 255 William Wray. j;6 John Trclawncy. 257 John Conyers. 16 John Boiler. 259 Thomas AJhtt. :6o Kynelme Jcnoure. :Si John Pi ke. :6 1 Richard Beaumont, Ex. William Wife man. ■61 Thomas Nightingale, ■it, John Jacques, Ex. 66 Robert Dillignton, :6: Francis Tile. 68 JAi Pole oy William Lewes, Ex. 'qo William Culpepper. ■•iPetirVan-hor, Ex. '■'I John Lawrenct, '■]] Anthony Slingsby. -'4 Thomas Favafour. -5 Robert Wolfeley. '■'6 Rice Rudd. Richard Wifeman. ::S Homy Ferrers. ■'>} John Ar.derfon. 5 = William Ruffe!. ; 5 i Richard Everard. Whomas Powell. 9 3 William l.ucljn. ^ Richard Graham, Scotch 'ilcount. -5 Gauge Twiflem, Ex. 286 William AUon, Ex. 287 Nicholas Lejirange. 288 John Holland. 289 Edward Aleyn, Ex. 290 Richard Earl, 291 Robert Ducy. 292 Rich.Greneville, Ex. 293 Charles Vavafour. 294 EdwardTirrel. 295 Edward Mofely, Ex. 196 Martin Lumley. 197 William Daljion, 298 Henry Fletcher. 299 Nicholas Cole. 300 Edmund Pye, Ex. 301 Simon Every. 302 William Langley. 303 William Pqjion, Engliff Earl. 304 James Stonelmfe. 305 John Palgrave. 306 Gerard Napper. 307 Thomas Whitmore. 308 John Maney. 3°9 Thomas Cave. 310 Clirijhpher Tdvcrtm , Englijh Vifcount. 311 William Boteler. 312 Thomas Hatton. 3«3 Tuomas Abdy. Vi Thomas Bampfeld. 315 John Cotton. 31 6 Simonds ct Ewes. 317 Henry Frederic (\ 318 John Bitrgoyne. 319 John Nmheote. 320 William Dralye. 321 Thomas Rous. 322 Ralph Hare. 323 John Norwich. 324 John Bromlow, Ex. 244 SCIjc pjefent State 325 V/illittm Brown low. 326 John Sidenhm. 327 Hem) Prat, Ex. 328 Frimcii Nicholas. 329 William Strickland. 3 30 Thomas Wolriche. 331 Thomas Mtleverer. 331 William Boughton, 333 JoAn Chichejler. 3 34 Norton Rnatchbull. 3 3 s Hugh Windham, Ex. 335 Rich Carew. 337 William Caflleton, 338 Richard Price. 339 Hugh Cbotmlc). 340 William Springe. 341 'Ihomas Trevor, Ex. 342 John Curfon. 343 Hugh Omen. 344 tVorton Briggs. 345 Henry Herman. 346 Thomas Sandford. ■34-Francis RWm. 348 NicAnrrf Sprigml. 349 Join Four. 350 JoAn Goodrich; 3 51 RoAert Bind Ioffe. 352 William Waller. 353 Thomas Lawk). 374 William Farmer. 3 3 5 JoAn Ds. 351 Francis Armitage. 362 Richard Halford. 363 Humphry Tafton. 364 Edward C'o('f. 367 John Rapnej. 358 Newt Eldred, Ex. 369 JobnGcll. 370 F/nccnr Corief. 371 JoAn K,iy. 372 Ttiomas Trollop, 373 Edward Thomas. 374 William Cowper. 375 Denntr Stmt. 376 william St. Qjfintin, 377 Robert Kempe. 378 ToAn Ac/irf. 379 /"tier Enjan. 3S0 Edm.mtli.tms, Ex. 381 John Williams, ^SlGeorgeWintonr. 383 /oAn Borlaje. 384 Nenry Knollrs, Ex. 387 Join Hamilton. 385 Edward Morgan. 387 Nicholas Kemps.. 388 Trewr Hty/ww. 389 JohnReresb). 390 William Ingilb). 391 Popningi Moor. 392 Chrijhpber Dawnej,Injit Vifcount. ! 393 Thomas Hampfon. ; 394 Thomas Wil/iamfoo. 395 William Vennep, Ex. 395 Richard flaidres. 397 Chriflopher Uwtber. 398 Thomas Aljhn. 399 Edward Corbet. 40c George Middleton, Ex. 401 Edward Papier. 402 William Widdiingtsn, Englifh Caron. 403 Matt. Valhcnbmgh'. 365 Ifaac Ajllep, Ex. | 4.3 Ralph Blaclpjhn. 366 David Cunningham, F.x. ' 4-5 £j Of ENGLAND. Edward Widdrington. i 432 Timas men Marram. 7 oh „ Pn Vhhp Hungate. Ai± John Bal 432 Thomas Haggerjhn. 433 John Pate, Ex. 434 John Bale. 41’ Tomas Bland. 413 Robert Tbrocl^mmn. 414 William Halton. 41s B, telnet Spencer. t .\6 EdwardGilding. 017 William Smith. 418 Henry Hem. 419 Walter Blount. 4’o Adam Littleton. 421 Timas Lidel. 422 Richard Lawday, Ex. ^Thomas chamberlain. «4 Mmy Hunlofy. 415 Tomas Badd. Alb Richard Crane, Ex. 427 Samuel Danvers. 428 Hems Anderfon. 4 1 -9 William Vavafour, Ex. 43= Hmr, Jones. 431 Edward Walgrave. 435 Willoughby Hidvnan. 437 John Butler. 43^ Edward Alton. 43 9 Transit Hawley. 44° ’’’alter Rudflcn. 44 1 John Prejhn. 442 John Web. 443 Thomas Prejlwicb, 444 Henry Williams. 445 Gervafe Liras, Ex. 44 S Robert Thmld. 44 7 John Scudamore. M 3 Henry Bard , Ex. 44 9 Richard Ptiiant. 4 5 0 William Van Collier. 451 William de Boreel. 452 George Carteret, EngMi Baron. 453 Thomas \Vwdibanl>. 454 Benjamin Wright. 455 Edwardcharleton. 456 Richard Willis. Baronets created lj King CHARLES the Second. 457 D Tchard Brown. 4 * 4 Thomas Bond. f, RRuTi a C ' Af,hr m 'm- ■ 0 Ti jt" 465 Henry Brown/ £ wlmru'A*' 457 ^ m,m - 16'Arthur Sli h 468 Anthony de Merces ,Ex. :.r hllrS J"M' WJibnEvch. 146 ffilje gjefntt State 471 Orlando Bridgman. 471 Geofry Palmer. ^Heneage Finch. 474 John Lwgham. ^75 Humphry Winch. 476 Robert Mi. ^77 Thomas Draper. 478 Henry Wright, Ex. 479 Jonathan Rente. 480 Hugh Speke. 481 Nicholas Gould, Ex. £82 Thomas Adams. 485 Richard Atkins. 484 Thomas Alien. 485 Henry Horth. 486 Thomas Culham. 487 William Wifeman. 488 Bafil Dixwel. 489 Thomas Darey. 490 George Grubham-How. 491 John Cuts, Ex. 492 Solomon Swale. 493 William Humble. 494 Henry Stapleton. 495 Gervafe Elwes. 4 c6 Robe’t Cordel. 497 Job Robinjon. 498 John Abdy, Ex. 499 Robert Hilliard. 700 Jacob Allley. 501 William Bowyer. 502 Thomas Stanley. 503 John Shuckborough. 504 William Wray. 5c5 Nicholas Steward. 506 George Warburton. 507 Francu Holies , Englifh Earon. 508 Oliver St. John. 509 Ralph de la Val. 510 Andrew Henley, 511 Thomas Ellis. 712 John Covert. 5 <3 P‘ter Lear. $14 Maurice Berkley, fy Vifcounc. 517 Henry Hudfon. 716 Thrnts Herbeit, 717 Thomas Middleton, 518 Fcrney Noel. 719 George Bufwel. 720 Robert Attjlen. 521 Robert Hales. I 522 William B'.othh. ' 723 Wooljlan Dixey, 714 John Bright. 527 John Warner. 526 Job Harby. 527 Samuel Morland. 528 Thomas He wit. 529 Edward Hmywnd. 530 Richard Brown. 531 Henry Vernon, ftljobn Aubrey, 533 William Thomas, 534 Thomas Sclater. 537 Henry Conway. 536 Edward Green. 537 JohnStapcley. 538 Metcalf Robinfcn. 539 Marmaduke Gie(luir„ 540 William Dudley, 541 Hugh Smithftm. 542 Roger MoWm. 543 William Willoughby, It. 544 Anthony Oldfield. 547 Peter Leicejier. 546 William Wheeler. 547 John Newton. 748 Thomas Lee. , 549 Thomas Smith. 550 Ralph Afliton. of ENGLAND. \vjalm Row. 5^5 Him) MaIJingbeard. 5 r i3 J^ ,n fTales. Ralph Bney, Ex. 555 JjI in Knightley. Ytpnmkc. 557 Oliver St. George. 553 John Biwyer. I19 William Will 56 o J-feph Afhe. 551 film How. Siljohn Swineburne, fyJobnTrot. Ex. 5<4 Humphrey Miller. 565 Jehu Lewes, Ex. ibi John Real. 5^7 Richard Francklin. 558 IVtShtnt Ryjei. 5^9 Timm Boothby, Ex. 5 :o William Backhoufe, Ex. 5 / * John Cutler. 572 Giles Miltet. 5/3 Henry Gifford. 5?4 77 jo;«rff Foot. 5?5 Thomas Manwaring. 5"6 Thom,11 Bennet. 'i-ijohn Wroth. W George Wynne. ’>l9Heneage Fet her lion. 58 'i Humphrey Monnox. 5 ®i John Peyton, Ex. f'-Ekiond Anderfon. ^JohnFagg. Matthew Herbert. ’ 5 Edward Ward. n bJobn Keyt. 58 y William Killegrew. John Buck. 589 William Frankland. 590 Richard Stiddolph, Ex. 55 1 William Gardner. 247 591 William Jiixon. 593 John Legard. 594 George Marwood. 59 "John Jackfon. 596 Henry Pickering. 597 Henry Bedingfield, 598 Walter Plainer. 599 Herbert Springet, Exl 6co William Powel. 60 1 Robert Neman, Ex. 602 Nicholas Staughtcn, 6 03 William Rokeby. 604 Walter Ernie). 605 John Hubaud. 6c6 Thomas Morgan. 607 George Lane, Irifb Vif- count. od George WakeiFam 609 Benjamin Wright, 610 John Colleton. G\t James Mod)ford. 612 Thomas Beaumont. 6 13 Edward Smith. < 5 i 4 Thomas Gifford, Ex. 61 5 Thomas Clifton. 616 William Wilfon. 617 Compton Read. 618 Brian Broughton 619 Robert Slingsby. <620 John Crofts. <521 Ralph Verney. 622 Robert Dicer. <523 John Brumfield. 624 Thomas Rich. 625 Edward Smith. 626 Walter Long. 627 John Fettiplacc 628 Walter Henley. 629 William Parfons. (>l°Jobn Cambel.Ex, 63.1 William Morice. M 4 632 Charles a 4 8 “32 dairies Gawdey. ^VPilliatn Gtdolphin. *34 William Caley. %S Thomas Cnrfon. *3 6 Edmund Fowel. *37 John Cnpley. *38 William Smith. 6 39 George Cook. 640 Clurles Lhyd. 641 Nathaniel Vowel. 64: Denney Ajhbssrnham. 643 Hugh Smith. 6 34 Robert Jenhinfon. 64 3 William Glinne. 646 John Charntxk. 6ij Robert Brook- 64S To mint Kevil. JEIje gjefeitt State <573 John Blinds, 6j4 Henry Ingolsboy. 675 Francis Biclffey. 676 Robert Jafon. 677 fan Toting. 678 John Frederick x . Freifendorf. 619 William Roberts. (Bo Williim Larkin. 6s 1 Thomas Smith. 682 Edrein Sadler. 653 William Windham, 654 George Sauthcote, 683 George Trcvili.m. 6 b 6 Francis Vwmtnbe. 687 Nicholas Bacon. 6b 8 Richard Cox. 670 Anthony Craven. 651 John Clavering. 632, Thomas Derham. 6 5 3 William Stanley. 654 Abraham Cnlten. 6 55 James Ronjlmt. 636 Godfrey Copley. 6-,7 Griffith Williams. 638 Henry Vpinchmmbe. 639 Clemmt Clark. 66 oThomas Finer. 661 Thomas Stlyard. 66 ZChriJlopber Gnife. 663 Reginald Forfter. 664 Philip Parker. 66 5 Edward Duke. 666 Charles Htsffi!. 667 Edward Barkhnm. 668 Tmmas Norton. 669 John Dormer. 670 Tltomas Carew. 671 Mark_Milbank. 672 Richard Rstilml . 690 Jo/m Coriton. 691 Jo/m Lloyd. 691 Edward Mow. 693 Thomas Proby. 694 Miles Stapleton. 695 Richard Braham. 696 Jo/m K'Jrerong. 697 Philip Mathews. 698 ftoierf Bernard, 699 Kogor Lott. 700 Edward Gage. 701 Thomas Hooke. 702 Jo/m 5 tate There are alfo certain Orders and Conllitutions be¬ longing to the Society, touching the Solemnities in ma¬ lting thefe Knights, their Duties after Creation, and their high Privifedges, too long for this place. The Colledge is featcd in the Cafllc of Windjtr, with the Chappel of St. George, there eroded by King Edward the Third, and the Chapter-Houfc. The Order of the Garter is wont to be bellowed up- on the mod excellent and renowned Pcrfom for Honour and Vertue, and with ic a Blew Garter deckt with Gif/, Pearl, and precious Stones, and a Buckle of Gold, to be worn daily on the left Leg; alfo at high Fcafls they are to wear a Snrcoat, a Mantle, a high Black Pelvet Cap, a Collar of pure Gold, compofed of Rofes enamelled Red, within a Garter enamelled Blew, with the ufual Motto in Letters of Gold; and between each of diefe Garters, a Knot with Tedels of Gold, together with o- ther (lately and magnificent Apparel. Theyare not to be feen abroad without their Garter upon thelefcLeg, upon pain of paying Two Crowns to any Officer of the Order, who (hall firfl claim ic; only in taking a Journey, a Blew Ribbon under the Boot doth fuffice. Upon the left Shoulder, upon a Cloak, Coat, or Riding CalTock, in all places of Aflembly, when they wear not their Robes, they are to wear an Efcuicheon of die Arms of St. George, that is, a Crofs with a Garter, and this by an Order made, April \6i6. That Ornament and Embellifhment about the faid Efcutcheon now worn, and called The Star, or rather, The Sun in its Glory, was at the fame time enjoyned. The greateft Monarchs of Chr'tfiendom have been en¬ rolled, and have taken it for an Honour to be of this Order. There have been of this Order fince the Inflitution, Eight Empemrs, Seven and Twenty, or Eight and Twen¬ ty Foreign l\jngs, beftdes manySoiereigu Princes, See. Note, That none can be of this mod Honourable Or¬ der, than have been convided of Herefie, of Treafon, or of Comrdife. A Selim of ENGLAND. a 5S A SCHEME of the Stalls at WIND¬ SOR, as they flood at the Infiallation of his Grace the Duke of Sconberg, and the Right Honourable the Earl s/Dcvonlbire, May 14. Anno Dm. 1689. The King of "Denmark The Sovereign. The King jl’rince Georg e 1 of of 1 Sweden, j Denmark. Eirl of Oxford. Earl of Strafford. Duke of Beaufort. Earl of Bedford, Duke of Southampton. Earl of Mulgrave. Duke of Nemaflle. Earl of Danby. Duke of Grafton. Duke of Richmond, Duke of Hamilton. Duke of Somerfet. Duke of Northumberland Duke of Norfolk. Earl of Peterborough, Earl of Roehefter. Earl of Feverfham, \ Earl of Sunderland. Duke of Ormond. Duke of Schonberg. Earl of Deoonfhtre. Note ,' i5<* SElje gjefcnt State Vote, That anciently Kings and Princes were placed ac¬ cording to their Creations, but now thofe only are placed according to their Degrees. The whole number of Fellows of this Order is not to exceed Twenty fix. 'KnigljW 33anncrcts ] In the next place are Iyi ights Bannerets, EquitesVexilliferi, anciently in an high honour, nowobfolete, there being at this time none of this Order in England. Thefemay bear their Arms with Supporters, and none under this Degree. RnigljWuf the 33 atl).] Knights of the Bath, fo cal¬ led of their Bathing , ufed before they were created. The firft of this fort were made by Henry the Fourth, Anno 1399. They are now commonly made at the Coro¬ nation of a King or Queen, or Creation of a Prince of Wales. They wear a Scatlec Ribbon Belt-wife. They are flill made with much Ceremony, too long here to be deferibed. Knights Batthrlo^.] Other Knights called Equites Aurati, from the Gilt Spurs ufually put upon them, and Knights Batch lots, QuaftBas Chevaliers, Knights of low degree : For fo Batchelors in Arts or Divinity, qitafi Low Knights, or Servitors in Arts. Thefe were anciently made by girding with a Sword and Gilt Sp.tate is now apparent; for tliofe young Gentlemen pofTedlng more noble and aftivc Spirits, could not brook fuch dull (lavifh Lives ; and being therebv unfitted lor other Ini- ployments, have generally taken ill debauched Cour- fes. The true Englifb Nobility and Gentry have in all times made it their main aim to endow their Sons trith fuch Accomplifhmcnts, efpcrially as might render them capable to defend their Countrey in time of Wat, and to govern it in time of l'eace; for which two things, all Gentlemen feem to be born, and therefore theirchicf Studies have ever been that of the Great Emperor Jin fiinian, and fhould be of all Princes and Nobles, iig. Di¬ ma Leges, & foris Anna q«am uptime capers, to be ex¬ cellently skill’d in the Art of War abroad, and in the Laws of the Land at home. Trivikiges of the lover Nubility. T HE lower Nobility of England have fewer and Ids Priviledges than thofe in other Monarchies. Some few Priviledges belong to Knights, qmiam Knights. If a Knight be a Mimr, yet (lull lie be out of yVardlhip both for Lands, Body and Marriage; for though i the Law doth judge him not able to do Knight’s Service till the Age of Twenty One Years, yet the King being Sovereign and Supreme Judge of Chivalry, by Dubbing him Knight, doth thereby allow him to be able to do him Knight’s Service. Knights are cxcufedfrom attendance at Court-Leets. Knights, by Magna Charta Cap n. arc fo freed, that no Demefn Cart of theirs may be taken. The Son and Brother of a Knight by Statute-Law, ate capacitated to hold more than one Benefice for the Cute of Souls. By the Slat, primo Jacobi primi, it feems that .Knights and their Sons (though they cannot fpend to l. per"- mm , nor are worth 200 /.) may keep Greyhounds, Setting of E N G L A N D. Z 6 i Setting-Dogs, or Nets, to take Plieafants or Par- nidges. Some Priviledges alio belong to Gentlemen. Ancicntlv if an ignoble Pcrfon did ftrike a Gentleman in EmhiJ he was to lofe his Hand. i ma > A Gentleman, by Stit. quint. Ei K . may not be com- filled to ferve in Husbandry. The Child of a Gentleman brought up to Sing, cannot be taken, without the Parents and Friends confenr to ferve m the King’s Chappe], as others may. ’ The Horfcof a Gentleman may not be taken to ride . Hit/, That as there are fome Great Officers of the ICrown, "|h 0 for their Dig ni ryj and Worth of theif Place., although they are not Noblemen, yet take place amonglt the Highcft of the Higher Nobility; f 0 there are Ionic Perfons, who for their Dignities in the Church, Degrees in the Umverlity, Offices in the State or Army, akhough they are neither Knights nor Gentlemen born, Jttake place amorrgfl them; fo all Deans, Archdeacons, CliaiiceHors, Prebends, Doctors of Divinity, Law, Phylick and Mufiw; Heads of Houfes in the Univerfitics ufually take Gentlemen ^ Kl " §l ' tS ’ and 1)cf ' orc ortlinar y Efquirts and Yet in other Chriflian Countries where the Civil law ad. its due Credit in fuel, Ads as concern Learning, offor of Law hath Precedenceol a Knignt; as alfo , ,, u . rt ,n ‘’wcign Parts, thofc Doftors that wait on ■ne Irincc, precede the Knights who are Servants to |Doftors 1CC ’ 1>UC otherwifc Kni S llts ufually take place of |Pea L cc CWIIC 3,1 ^" ,2eS ° f C ° UrtS ’ J u(liccs of tllc Ail Commlffionated Officers in the Army, as Colo- ' ’''•’her of Artillery, Quartern!,lfler-Gcneral. tfre A.l h.gher Officers in the King’s Court or State. Swires.' SC ' Hi:i at L:i ’’ ^ TiK ' ft ‘ ai ' c ' V3nc 10 Precede 2 61 sqjc^icfrat&tate All Eatchellors of Divinity, Law and l’hyfick, all DoSors in Arts, commonly called Matters of Arts, all Barretters in the Inns of Court, all Captains, and other Military Officers who have the King's Commiffions, di- vers other Officers in the King’s Honfhold, fy c. ma y equal, if not precede Gentlemen that have none of tlieie Qualifications. In England, Gentry, (as in Germany all Nobility) and Arms are held in Gavelkind, defending to all the Satis alike, only the cldcft Son bcarcth Arms without difk- rencc, which the younger may not. Of the lower Nobility in England, the number is fo great, that there arc reckoned at prefent above Five hunder’d Baronets more than the firft intended uum- ber; that is, in all, about Seven hunder’d forty nine, who are poffeft, one with another, of about nos/, a year in Lands. Of Knights, above Fourteen Iran- der’d, who one with another, may have about 8c: /, Lands a year. Of Efquires and Gentlemen, above Six thoufand, each one pofl'eft one with another, of about 400 /. a year in Lands, befides younger Brothers, whofe number may amount to about Sixteen thou¬ fand in all England , who have fmall Eftatcs in Land, but are commonly bred up to Divinity, Law, Phylidr, to Court, and Military Imployments, but of late too many of them to Shop-keeping. '• The Land in the Fofleffion of the lower Nobility, will amount to about Four Millions and ttxty thoufand Pounds yearly. Next to the lower Nobility, and the firft degree of the Commons or Plebeians, are the Freeholders in land, commonly called Yeomen, from ibcHighBm Gemcn or Gcrnain, in Englijh, Common j fo in the Kings Court it fignifieth an Officer, which is in a middle place between a Sergeant and a Groom; or clfc from the Low Dutch, Teaman, fomc Body* as the Spaniards m a Gentleman Hidalgo, Hijo d'algo, that is, The Son of Body, but they have no other word to exprefs' Yeoman, than Labrador, a Labourer, ofENGLAND. 263 The Yeomanry of England having Linds of their own, to a good value, and living upon Husbandry, are look’d upon as not apt to commit, or omit any thing that may endanger their Effaces and Credits, not apt to be corrupted or fuborned, i foe. Wherefore they are judged fit to bear fomc Offices, as of Conflable, Church warden, to ferve upon Juries, to be Train-Soul- diers, to vote in the Elefiion of Knights of the Shire of Parliament, foe. In Calcs and Caufes, the Law of England hath con¬ ceived a better Opinion of the Yeomanry that occupy Lands, than of Tradcfmcn, Artificers, or Labourers. Husbandry hath in no Age rendred a Gentleman ig¬ noble, nor uncapable of Places of Honour. Amongfl the Romans, fome of the greatefl Difla- tors and Confuls had been once Husband-men, and fome of them taken from ploughing their Ground, to bear thofc higheft Offices and Dignities, as L. #. Ckcmnatm, one of the Cato's, and many others; fo divers Princes, Kings and Emperors, have excrcifed Agriculture; and the Grand Scipio, and the Emperor Dioclefian, left their Commands to enjoy Husbandry. Ey the Statutes of England, certain Immunities are given to Freeholders and Land-men, though they are not Gentlemen. Vide Stat. i Jacobi, Cap. 27. fo alibi. Of the Freeholders in England, there are more in number, and richer, than in any Country of the like extern in Europe, 40, or 50 /. a year apiece is very ordinary, 10c, and zoo I, a year in fome Counties, is not rare, fomecimes in Kent 1 ocr /. and 1500/. Ecfides thefe Freeholders, (which arc fo called, bc- caufc they hold Lands or Tenements inheritable by a perpetual Eight to them and their Heirs for ever), there are in England a very great number of Copy- holders, who hold Lands within fome Mannors only by Copy of Court-Roll cf the faid Mannor, foe. and have Jus perpetuum', & utile Dominium, though not Allodium fo dire'lum Dominium, which Freeholders may improperly be faid to have, for properly none in Eng- laiiil but the King hath. Amongfl i6\ SlTjc $jcfcnt £>fate Amongd die Commons of England, in the next place arc reckoned Tradefmen, among whom, Merchants of Foreign Traffick, have, for their great benefit to the publick, and for their great Endowments, and generous living, been of bed repute in England ; and although the Law of England look upon Tradefmen and Chap¬ men, that live by buying and felling, as a bafer fort of People, and that a Ward within Age may bring his Aftion of Difparagement againd his Guardian, for' offering any fuel) in Marriage s yet in England, as well as Italy, to become a Merchant of Foreign Com¬ merce , without ferving any Apprentifage, hath been allowed no difparagcment to a Gentleman born, efpe- cially to a younger Brother. Amongft Tradefmen, in the next place, are Whole- fale-men, then Retailers; laftly Mcchanicks, or Han- dicraftfmen. Thefe are all capable of bearing fome Sway or Office in Cities and Towns Corporate. The lowed Member, the Feet of the Body Politick, are the Day Labourers, who, by their large Wages given them, and the cheapnefs of all nectlfaries, enjoy better; Dwellings, Diet, and Apparel in England, than the Hut-' bandmen do in many other Countries. Liberties ami Triviledges. A S the Clergy and Nobility have certain Priviledges peculiar to tlicmfclves, fu they have Liberties and Properties common to the Commonalty of England. The Commons of England, for Hereditary Fundamen¬ tal Liberties and Properties, are bled above and beyond, the Subjcfts of any Monarch, or State in the World. Fird, No Freeman of England ought to be imprifoned, or otherwise redrained, without caufe dicwn, for which, by Law, be ought to be fo imprifoned. Secondly, of ENGLAND. 16 s Secondly, To him chat is imprifoncd may not be de¬ nied a Writ of H,ibeai Corpin, if it be defired. Thirdly, if no caufc of Imprifonment be aliedged, and the fame be returned upon an Hakm Corpm, then the Prifoncr ought to be fee at Liberty. fourthly, No Souldiers can be Quartered in the Houfc of any Freeman, in time of Peace, without his Will, though they pay for their Quarters. Fifthly, every Freeman hath fuch a full and abfolutc Propriety in his Goods, that no Taxes, Loans, or Bc- j nerolences, ordinarily and legally can be impofed upon them, without their own Confenr, by their Represen¬ tatives in Parliament. Moreover they have fuch an abfolutc Power, that they can difpofe of all they have how they pleafe, even from their own Children, and to them, in what inequality they will, without (hewing any Caufc; which other Nations, gorerned by the Civil Law, cannot do. Sixthly, no Englijh-man can be Prert, or compelled (unlefs bound by his Tenure) to march forth of his .Country, to ferve as a Souldier in the Wars, except in cafe of a Foreign Enemy invading, or a Rebellion at jhomc. Nor may he be fent out of the Realm againft pis Will, upon any Foreign Employment, by way |of an honourable Banifhmcnc. j Seventhly, No Freeman can be tryed but by his .Peers, nor condemned but by the Laws cf the Land, or by an Aft of Parliament. I Eighthly, No Freeman may be fined for any Crime, put according to the merit of the Offence, always Sal- w fiti comencment} fiit , in fuch manner, that he may tontinue, and go on in his Calling, Briefly, 266 SE&e pjcfcnt &tnte Briefly, if it be confidcrcd only, that ordinarily Jiey are fubjeft to no Laws; but what they make thcmfelrcs, nor no Taxes, but what they itripofe thcmfelves, and pray the King and the Lords to confcnt unto, their Liberties and Properties muft be acknowledged to be tranfeendenr, and their worldly Condition moll happy and blcfi'cd; and fo far above that of the Subjefts of any of our Neighbour Nations, that as all the Women in Europe would run into England, (the Paradifc[of Women} if there were a Bridge made over the Sea ; fo all the Men too, if there were but an Aft for a general Naturalization of all Aliens. CHAP. XXI; . Of the Womn of England. T ouching the Women of England, there are divers things confidcrable in the Englijh Laws and Cu- floms. Women in England, with all their moveable Goods, fo ioon as they are Married, are wholly in poiepit viri, at the Will and Uifpofttion of the Husband. If any Goods or Chattel be given to a Feme-Cmrt, to a married Woman, they all immediately become her Husband’s. ’ She cannot Lett, Sett, Sell, give away, or alienate any thing without her Husband’s Confcnt. Her very necellary Apparel, by the Law, is not hers in Property. If (he hath any Tenure at all, it is in Capiie, that is, (he holds it of, and by her Husband, who is Cfr Mulierir, and therefore the Law faith, Uxor fulget rail* mariti. All rheChaltels perfonal the Wife had at the Marriage, is To much her Husband’s, that after his Death, they (hali not return Tbhis \Vife, but go to the Executor or Admi- niftracor of the Husband, as his other Goods and Chat- tels, except only her Parapherna, or prater Vitalii, which are her necclfary Apparel, which, with the confcnt of ENGLAND. 267 of her Husband, (he may devife by Will, nor otherwife by our Law, bccaufe the Property and Pofleffion, even of the parafherna, are in him. The Wife can make no Contraft without her Huf- band’5 Confcnt; and in Law-Matters, fine viro refpondere mpttjl. The Law of England fuppofes a Wife to be in fo much Subjcflion and Obedience to her Husband, as to have no Will at all of her own: Wherefore, if a Man and his Wife commit a Felony together, the Wife by the Law can be neither Principal nor Accclfary; the Law fup- B , that in regard of the Subjcflion and Obedi- ic owes to her Husband, Ihc was neceflitatcd rherc- Thc Law of England fuppofes in the Husband a power over his Wife, a; over his Child, or Servant, to corrcft her, when (he offends; and therefore lie muff anfwcr for his Wife’s fault, if (he wrong another by her Tongue, or by Trci'pafs, he muff make Satisfaflion. So the Law nukes it as high a Crime, and allots the fame hmifhment to a Woman that (hall kill her Huf- band, as to a Woman thac fhall kill her Father or Maftcr; and that is Petit-Treafin, to be burnt alive. So that a Wife in England is it jure, but the befl of Servants; having nothing her own, in a more proper fenfc than a Child hath, whom his Father fitters to call many things his own, yet can difpofe of nothing. The Woman upon Marriage lofeth not only the Power over her Perfon, and her Will, and the Property of her Goads, but her very Name, for ever after fhe ufeth her Husband’s Surname, and her own is wholly laid aftde; which is not obferved in France and other Countries, where the Wife fubferibes her fdf by her Paternal Name; as if Sufanna, the Daughter of R. Clifford, be married to E. Cbamberlapne , fhe either writes her felf H’ma Clifford , or clfe Sufanna Clifford Chamber- Line. Notwirhflanding all which, their Condition de faHo, is 'he bed of the World ; for Inch is the good Nature of N i Englifh - Englifh-meit towards their Wives, fuch is the Tender nefs and Rcfpeff, giving them the uppermoft place it Table, and elfcwhcre, the right-hand every where, and putting them upon no Drudgery and Hardlhip; that if there were a Eridgc over into Engl.wd, as aforc- fjid, it is thought all the Women in Enrobe would na hither. Befides, in fomc things the Laws of Engined arc above other Nations, fo favourable to that Sex, as if Women hid voted at the making of them. , If a Wife bring forth a Child, during her Husband's long ahfencc, though it be for Lome Years, yet if he ii. ved all the time inter qaatuor Maria, within this Ulard, he mud Father that Child ; and if that Child be her Firft- born Son, he Qiall inherit that Husband’s Eftate, if to- tailed, or left without Will. - If a Wife bring forth a Child, begotten by a former Husband, or by any other, before Marriage, but born afar Marriage with another Man; this latter mult own ik Child, and thac Child (hall be his Heir at Law. The Wife, adcr her Husband’s death, having no jojn- turc fetled before Marriage, may challenge , the third patt of his yearly Rents of Land during her life; and within the City of London, a third part of all her Husband's Moveables for ever. As tin Wife doth participate of her Husband’s Name, fo likewife of his Condition. If he be a Duke, fheisi Dutchefs; if he be a Knighc, fhe isaLady ; if he be an Alien, made a Denifon, fhc is ipfo falls, fo too. If a Fret- man marry a Bond-woman, fhc is alfo free during the Covfcrture; whereof alfo it is faid as before, Vxor fttlj/t radii! Maritl All Women in England are comprifcd under Noble ci Ignoble. . . Noble-Women are fo three manner of ways, vny bj Creation, by Defcent, and by Marriage. of ENGLAND. 169 The King, the Fountain of Honour, may, ami oft hath created Women to be Baroneffes, Countcflcs) DatcheflcSfdr?. , , ' , By Defcenr, fuch Women are Noble, to whom Lands holder) by fuch Dignity, do defeend as Heir; for Dignities and Titles of Honour, for want of Males, do fometimes defeend to Females, but to one of them only, becanfe they arc things in their own nature entire, and not to be divided amongft many, (as the Lands and Tenements are, which defeend to all the Daughters equally; ) bcfidcs, by dividing Dignities, the Reputation of Honour would be loft, and the ftrength of the Realm impaired; for die Hmvt and cliivaln of the Realm doth chiefly confjft in the Nobility thereof. By Marriage all Women are Noble who take to their Husbands any Baron or Pecrof the Realm 5 but if after¬ wards they marry to Men not Noble, they lofe their former Dignity, and follow the Condition of their latter Husband: fpr eodem modo dijfilvitur emm Nobilitat, quo confimdtur. But Women Noble by Creation, or Defcent, or Birth-right, remain Noble, though they marry Husbands under their degree; for fuch Nobility is accounted C.haraHer indekbilk. Here note, that by the Courtefie of England, a Woman, Noble only by Marriage,always retainech her Nobility; and fo the widow of a Knight, married ro any inferiour Perfon, rctaineth, by Courtefie, the Title and Name got¬ ten by her former Husband: But if the King’s Daughter marry a Duke or an Earl, ilia femper didtur Regain, as well by La a u Courtefie, Note alfo, that any Woman who is Nobfc by Eirth, if ihe be married ro a Baron, rakes place according to the Degree of her Husband, though fhe be a Duke’s Daugh¬ ter; but if (lie marry ro one under thofc of rile higher Nobility, as to a Knight or a Gentleman, then, by Cour¬ tefie, place is given according to her Birth, and not her Husband, Noble-women in the Eye of the Law, are Peers of the Realm, and arc to be tried by their Peers, and to enjoy moft other Privilcdges, Honour and Rcfpetf, as their HuC- N 5 bands; *7° SCfje $jefcnt l&tate bands; only they cannot by the Opinion of fome great Lawyers, maintain an Aftion upon the Statute, de Sea- dalo Magnatum, the Makers of that Statute meaning only to provide in that Cafe for the Great Men, and not for the Women, as the words of that Statute feem to import, Likewife, if any of the King’s Servants within his Check- Roll, fhould confpire the death of any Noble-woman, this were not Felony, as it is, if like Confpiracy be againfla Nobleman. None of the Wives Dignities can come by Marriage to their Husbands, although all their Goods and Chattels do; only the Wives Dignities with the Lands, are tode- feend to her next Heir: Yet is the Courtcfieof En^ld fuch, that as the Wife for her Dowry hath the third part of her Husband’s Lands, during her life; fo the Husband, for the Dignity of his Sex, and for getting his Wife with Child, (which muft appear by being born alive) (hall have all his Wife’s Lands (for his Dowry, if it may be fo called) during his Life. By the Conflitution of England, married Pcrfons arefo fad joyned, that they may not be wholly feparated by any agreement between themfclvcs, but only by Sentence of the Judge ; and fuch Separation is either a Viwili Matrimonii, and that \s,obpmontmllnm, velobcontradm 'permetum cffelhtm,vel ob frigiditatem, vel ob AffinilttWn, five Confangninitatem, vel ob fxvitiam ; and clfe fuch Sepa¬ ration is it menfa Tim, and that is, ob Adnltemm. The Wife in England is accounted fo much one will her Husband, that (he cannot be produced asWitnefsfor, or againft her Husband. ' ■ chap of ENGLAND. 271 CHAP. XXII. Children. T HE Condition of Children in England is different from thofe in our Neighbour-Countries. As Husbands have a more abfolutc Authority over their Wives, and their Eftatcs, fo Fathers have a more abfolutc Authority over their Children. Fathers may give alt their Eftates unintailed from their own Chil¬ dren, and all to any one Child, and none to the reft; the Confideration whereof, keeps the Children in great Children, by the Common Law of England , arc, at cer¬ tain Ages, enabled to perform certain Ads. A Son at the Age of 14, may chufe his Guardian, may claim his Land holden in Socage, may confent to Marriage, may, by Will, difpofc of Goods and Chattels. At the Age of 15, he ought to be fworn to his Allegi¬ ance to the King. At 21, he is faid to be of full Age, may then make any Contrafts, may pafs, not only Goods, but Lands by Will j which in other Countries may not be done, till cheAnnut Confijlenti.t, the Age of n^when the heat of the Youth is fomewhat abated, and they begin to be flayed in mind, as well as in growth. A Daughter at 7 Years is to have Aid of her Father’s Tenants to marry her, for at thofe years (he may con¬ fent unto Marriage, though (lie may afterwards diffent. Ac 172 JO)? gjefcnt $tate At 9 (he is Dowable, as if then, or foon after (he could virum fiftinere, and thereby Votem promereri. - At 12, (he is enabled to ratifie and confirm her former confent given to Matrimony, and if at that Age (he dif. fent not, (he is bound for ever; (he may then make a Will of Goods and Chattels. At 14, (he might receive her Lands into her own hands, and was then out of Wardlhip, if (he was 14 ac the Death of herAnceftor. At 16 (thoughat the Death of her Ancedor (hewas under 14) (he was to be out of Wardfliip; becaufethen (he might take a Husband, who might be able to perform Knights Service. At 11, (he is enabled to Contrail or Alienate her Lands by Will, or otherwjfe. The elded Son inherits all Lands, and to the younger Children aredifpofed Goods and Chattels, apd commonly the elded Son’s Wife’s Portion; and befides, they are carefully educated in fomeProfeflionor Trade. If there be no Son, the Lands, as well as Goods, arc equally divided amongd the Daughters. CHAP, of ENGLAND. *73 C II A P. XXIII. Of Servants. T HE Condition of Servants in England, is much more' favourable than it was in our Anceftors days, when it was fo bad, due England was called the Purgatory of Servants, as it was, and is dill, the Paradife of Wives, and the Hell forHcrles- Ordinary Servants are hired commonly for one Year, at the end whereof they may be free, ( giving warning three Months before J and may place thcmfclves with 0- the-r Matters; only it is accounted difeourteous and un¬ friendly, to take another Man’s Servant before leave given by his former Mailer, and indifcrcct to take a Servant without Cercicfuteof his diligence, and of his faithfulnefs in his Service to his former Matter. All Servants are fubjeft to be correflcd by their Ma¬ tters and MittrcHes, and Rcfittancc in a Servant is puuilhed with fevere Penalty ; but for a Servant to takeaway the Life of his or her Matter or Mittrcfs, is accounted a Crime next to High-Treafon, and called Petty-Treafm, and a pe¬ culiar Puniflimcnt Capital. Foreign Slaves in England are none lince Chrittianity prevailed. A Foreign Slave, brought into England, is up¬ on Landing, JpfofaSo, free from Slavery, but not from or¬ dinary-Service. Some Lands in England ate holden in Villanage, to do fomc particular Services to the Lord of the Mannor, and fuch Tenants may be ealjed the Lord’s Servants- There is a two fold Tenure called Manage, one where the Tenure only is Servile, as to plough the Lord’s Ground, low, reap, and bring home his Corn, dung his Land, tfrix The other, whereby borli Perfon and Tenure is Servile, and bound in all refpefts at the Difpoflcion of the Lord; fuch 174 EClje Relent State, &c. fuch Perfons are called in Law, Pare Villains, and are to da. all villanous Services, to improve the Land he holds to the Lord’s ufe, themfelvesto be wholly at the Lord’s Ser¬ vice, and whatever they get is for their Lord: Of fuch there are now but few left in England. The neared to this Condition, are Apprentices, (that fignifics Learns) a fort of Servants that carry the Mark of Pure Villains, or Bond-flaves, (as beforein the Chapter of Gentry is inti¬ mated ) differing however in this, That Apprentices are Slaves only for a time, and by Covenant; the other arc fo at the will of their Mailer. The End of the Firfi fart, THE SECOND PART OF THE O F ENGLAND. Together with Divers REFLECTIONS UPON The Ancient State thereof. By F. D1V. CHAMBERLATNE , Doctor of Laws I The Seventeenth Edition, with ievet.il Ad¬ dition?, ami very many Alterations. In Mugnis volnijjc fat cjl —- L 0 N T> 0 N 1 : Printed by TLo. UoJgskin , in the Year, i6ji. Moft Excellent Majefties, WILLIAM III. and MAlfl II. 0 F Great Britain) France and Ireland , KING and QUEEN, Defenders of the Truly Ancient Ca- tholick and Apoftolick Faith. This Seventeenth Imprefion of THE (PRESENT STATE of ENG¬ LAND, is mojl Humbly Ojjered. By Edw. Chamberlayne, Doctor of Laws. T 0 THE READER. I N a former fmall Treatife , Intituled , The Prefent State of England, The Author having given a fuccinU Account of the Government in General, as it is Monarchical $ and therein of the King, Queen, Princes, and Princelles of the Blood ; of the Great Officers of the Crown $ of the Kings, Queen Confort, and Queen Dowager’s Courts 3 of the Three States of England, Clergy, Nobili- tv, and Commons, and of divers other Remarkable*.' In this Second Part of the Prefent State ofEngland, he hath endeavoured to deferibe , with the like Brevity , the Particular Go¬ vernment of Englanc), Ecclefiaftical, Ci¬ vil, and Military : The Jevcral Courts of jllftice, the Offices and Officers belonging thereunto 3 and ( for the fake of Foreign¬ ers) to exhibite a particular Dcfcription of A 3 the To the Render. l hc Famous City of London, of the Two Remained TJniverfitics, &c. In erecting fuch a Spacious and Various Edifice, the Spectator, at firfa View, will hardly conceive how much pains was hef ow¬ ed in digging the Foundation, in raifwg Scaffolds, in finding, conveying , and fitting Materials, in contriving the Architecture, in removing the Rubbifl), See. Other Build¬ ers confult only their own Brains, and the Dead, (that is. Books ') whereunto acccfs may he had at all Hours : But in this Work, the Living, and the choicejl among them, . were to he advifed with ■, whereof fame were far difaant, others feldom at leifure, fame unwilling to communicate their Knowledge, others not at all affable. However, if the Reader, reaping in few Hours, the Fruits of many Months Labour, fhall receive any Content, the Author willnot only be fatisfied far this, but encouraged for another like Enterprise. anglim [ i 3 ANGLIC NOTITIA : OR, THE PRESENT STATE O F ENGLAND. Cfjc ©econti pit CHAP. I. Of the Government of England inf articular ; and Fuji, of the king’s Moft Honourable Privy- Council. T H E Government of England in particular, is ei¬ ther Ecclefiajlical, Civil, or Military, wherein the King is Supreme Governour in all Caufe.s, and over all Perfons ; from him is derived all Authority and Jurifdiftion. He is quafi intdleElw Agens, Forma formarum, vel potim Mmdi Anglici Vein, and the Primnm Mobile thereof, from whence all the inferior Orbs derive their Motion, is that Noble, Honourable, and Reve- A 4 rend a Eljc^jercnt&tate Partlj. rend Affembly, called Concilium fecretm, privatum , ,,/ c.ntinuum Regis Concilium, which is a Court of fuch Antiquj. tv and Honour, that it may be faici to be higher than 4 higheft Court of England (as the Parliament is nfually eg. led); for our Parliaments are not only much younger, bit alfo mav truly be faid to be the Productions of the King's Privy-Council, as appears by the Words of the Writ for fummoning of a Parliament. This is the highcfl Watch- Tower of the Nation, wherein the Hing, with all his good Sentinels, and Watchmen about him, takes a careful Survey of all his Dominions, and fometimes of all the Dominions of the World, as any of them have any Relation to hn; where he confults and contrives how to protect his number- left Subjects, not only from Injuries amongft thcntfelvts, but from the Wrongs and Violencics of all other Nations; where lie doth confute and watch for the publick Good, Ho¬ nour, Defence, Profit, and Peace of all his People. Before the latter end of Htnrp the Third, Gjsod preufm fun per Regcm & Concilium [mm priutnm, Jigill'q-i; Regis cmfirnumim,prvul dubio Legts vigorem h.tbuit, frith A 'pdnur. The primitive and ordinary way of Government in England, was by the Hing and his Privy-Council, and all our Kings have afled much by it, determining Contrortr- ficsof great Importance, fometimes touching Lands and Rights between Party and Party, whereof there are very many Prefidents; and the Judges of England, in feme difficult Cafes, were not wont to give Judgment, until they had firft conlultcd the King, or his Privy-Council, Moreover, the Lords and Commons aflemblcd in Parlia¬ ment, have oft-times tranfmitred Matters of high Moment to the King and his Privy-Council, as by long Experience and Wifdotn, better able to judge of, and by Secrccyand Expedition, better able to tranlaft fomeStatc-Aflairs, than all the Lords and Commons together. At prefent the King and his Privy-Council take Cognifance of few Matters, that may well he determined by the known Laws, and ordinary Courts of Juflice; but only, as aforc- faid, confult for the publick Good, Honour, Defence, Safe¬ ty, and Benefit of the Realm, not mcdling with Matters t b at concern Freeholds, but Matters of Appeal, and hidden E- mergencres. PartII. of ENGLAND. $ The Lords of the Privy-Council are, 3S it were, a part of die King, incorporate with him and his Cares, bcar- ingiipon their Shoulders that great weight, that otherwife would lie wholly upon his Majcfty; wherefore of fucli high Value and Elieem they have always been, that if a man did hut firike intheHoufe of a Privy-CounfcIIor, or clliivlierc in his Pre-fence, he was grievoufiy fined for the Time; and to confpire the Death of any of them; was made Felony, in any of the King’s Servants, wiiliin the cheque-Roll, and to kill one of - them was Higli- Treafon. A Privy-Counftllor, though but a Gentleman, fiiall have Precedence of all Knights, Daronets, and younger Sons of all Barons ami Vifcounts. The Subftancc of their Oath, is, That they fi’all, ac¬ cording to their Power and Dilcretion, truly, juftly, and evenly counfcl and advife the King, in all matters to be treated in his Majeflics Council; That they fiiall keep fe- cret the King’s Counfcl, fee. By force of this Oath, and the Cuftom of the Kingdom of England, a Privy-Counfcllor is made without any Patent or Grant, and to continue only during the Life of the King that makes him, nor fo long, unlcfs the Ring plea- lctli. There have been ufually a Lord Prefidenc of the King’s Privy-Council; a Dignity of fo high a Repute, that by a Statute of fieniy the Eighth, lie is to take place in puhlick, nest to the Lord High Treafurcr of England: His Office was to fpeak firft to Bufincfs, ro report to hi; Majefiy the Pillages and State of BufinelTcs tranfafted at Council Ta¬ lk. He that is now Lord Prefidenc of the King 's Privy- Council, isThomat Marquifsof Carmarthen. To his Privy-Counfcllors, the King of England may de¬ clare, or conceal from them, whatfoever he alone judgetli fit and expedient, qua in re (faith the Excellent SitThmat Smith) alifilutijjimum eft hoc Rcgmtm Argli.c pre V'cnct-iwn Du - utu, am Lacedsmmiorum I’rircipatit. The King, with the Advice of his Privy-Council, doth publilh Proclamations, binding to the Subjcft, provided that they arc not contrary to Statute, or Common-Law. 4 2C(je^jefenc&t(ite Part II, In Cafes where the publick Peace, Honour, or Profit of the Kingdom, may be endangered for want of fpeedy fie- drefs, there the King with his Privy-Council, ufually make life of an abfoluic Power, if need be. The Members of this moft Honourable Council, are fuch, as his own free Will, and meer Motion, fhall plcafe to chufc, and are commonly Men of the higheft Rank, Emi¬ nent for Eftates, Wifdom, Courage, Integrity, fyc. And bccaufc there are few Cafes of Moment fo Temporal, but that they may fome way relate to Spiritual Affairs, there¬ fore according to the general Rules of Policy and Govern¬ ment, which God himfelf ordained amongft his chofen People the Jews, the Privy-Council (as well as the great Council of Parliament) is compofed of Spiritual, as well as Temporal Perfons, fome of the principal Bifhops of England, have in all times been chofen by his Maje- fly, to be of his Privy-Council. See the Lift in the Firft Parc. They arc all to wait on his Majetly, and at Council- Board fit in their Order bare-headed, when his Majeliy prefides. At all Debates, the loweft delivers his Opinion fitft, that fo he may be the more free, and the King laft of all declares his Judgment, and thereby determines the matter in Debate. The Time and Plaee of holding this Council, is wholly at the King's pleafure, but is moft commonly held in the Morning, on Wednesday and Friday, out of Parliament, or Term-time, and in the Afternoon in times of Parliament, or Term. A Council is feldom or never held without the prefence of one of the Secretaries of State; of whofe Office and Dignity, much more confiderablc in England, than in other Nations, take here this brief Account. The Kings of England had anciently but one Secretary of State, until about the End of Henry the Eighth Ins P,eign, ic was thought fit, that weighty and important Of¬ fice fhould be difeharged by Two perfons, both of Equal Authority, and both ftiled Principal Secretaries of StM In thofc days, and fome while after, they fate not at Coun¬ cil-Board, p.,rt IT. of E N G L A N D. 5 cil-Board, but having prepared their Bufinefs in a Room adjoyning to the Council-Chamber, they came in, and flood on either hand of the King ; and nothing was deba¬ ted at the Table, until the Secretaries had gone through with their Propofals. But Queen Elizabeth feldom coming to Council, that Method was altered, and the Two Se¬ cretaries took their places as Privy-Councellors, which Dignity they have retained and enjoyed ever fince; and a Conncil is feldom or never held without the Prefence of one of them at the leaft. Their Employment being of extraordinary Trull and Multiplicity, renders them mod confiderable in the Eyes of the King, upon whom they attend everyday, asOcca- iion requires; and of the SubjeS alfo, wliofe Rcquefls and Defires are for the mod part lodged in their Hands, to be reprefenced to the Khg, and always to make difpatchcs thereupon, according to his Majedies Anfwers and Di¬ rections. As for Foreign Affairs, the Secretaries divide all the Kingdoms and Nations, which have intercourfe of Bufinefs with the King of England, into Two grand Provinces ; whereof each Secretary taketh One to himfelf, receiving all Letters and Addreflesfrom, and making all Difpatchcs to the feveral Princes and States comprehended within his own Province. Butin all Matters of Home-concern, whether they rc- hte to the publick, or to particular perfons, both the Se¬ cretaries do equally and indidinflly receive and difpatch uhatfoever is brought to them, be it for the Church, the Militia, or private Grants, Pardons, Difpenfations, ^c. They have this fpccial Honour, that if either of them 1 be a Baron, he takech place, and hath the Precedence of all other Perfons of the fame Degree, though ocherwife bv their Creation, fomc of them might have Right to pre¬ cede him ; and a Knight in like manner, if he hath no other Qualification. They have their feveral Lodgings appointed them in all the King's Houles, as well for their own Accommodation, as for their Office, and thofc that attend upon it. They have alfo a very liberal Diet at the King'} Charge, or Board-wa¬ ges in lieu of it. T* 6 SlIjc $jefcnt (State PartIT. ' To (hew how confiderable their Place is, their fettled Allowance from the King, in Salary and Penlion, is little Iefs chan Two Thoufand Pounds Sterling, per annum, to each of them. Tlie Secretaries and Clerks, whom they imploy under them, are wholly ac their own choice, and have no de- pendance upon any other Power or.Perfons befides them- fclves. They have the Cuflody of that Seal of the King, which is properly called the Signet ; the life and Application whereof, gives Denomination to an Office, conllantly at¬ tending the Court, called the Signet Office, wherein there arc Four Clerks, who wait alternately by Months, and pre¬ pare fucli things as are to pafs the Signet, in order to the Privy-Seal or Great: Seal, vig. Sir John Nicholas, Knight of the Bath. John Gauntlet, Efq; Nicholas Maurice, Efq; Sir William Trumbal, Knight. Mr. George Liittlejield, Office-keeper. Thefe have no Fee from the King, but only Diet, which at Penfion is 200 /. yearly; their Office is in White-Hall, they wait by Month, each of them Three Months in a Year. One of them always attends the Court wherefo- ever it removes, and by Warrant from the King, or Secre¬ taries of State, or Lords of the Council, prepare fuel] Bills or Letters for the King to fign, as not being Matter of Law, are by any Warrants direfted to them to prepare. In their Office all Grants, either prepared by the King’s Learned Council at Law, or by themfclves, for the King’s Hand, whenfigned, are returned, and there tranferibed again, and that Tranfcription is carried to one of the Principal Secretaries of State, and fealed, and then it is called a Signet, which is direfted to the Lord Privy-Seal, and is his Warrant for ilfuing out a Privy-Seal upon it, which is prepared by the Clerks of that Seal, is fufficient for the payment of any Moneys out of the Exchequer, and for feveral other ufes; but when the Nature of the Grant requires the paffmg the Great Seal, then the Privy-Seal is Part II. of ENGLAND. 7 an Authority to the lord Chancellor to pafs the Great Seal, as the Signet was to the Lord Privy-Seal, to affix that Sea! to the Grant: Eut in all Three Offices, i/it;. Signet, Privy- Seal, and Great Seal, the Grant istranferibed. So all which palTesfrom the King, hath thefe fcvcral ways of being confi- dered before pcrictfed. There are alfo Four Clerks of the Privy-Seal, w>. Sir Charles Bic^erftajf, Knight. film Matthews , Efq; Timm WatIJns, Efq; film Karon, Efq; Mr. George Littlefield, Office-keeper. More of their Office is to be feen in Stat. 27. of Hen. 8 . worthy to be noted. TothisOffice (in time when the Court of Requefl is in beingj belongs the Scaling of all Commiffions and other Proceffes out of that Court. Moreover, depending on the Secretaries of State, is an ancient Office called the Paper-Office, the Keeper whereof hath in his Charge all the publick Papers, Writings, Mat¬ ters of State, and Council; all Letters, Intelligences, Ne¬ gotiations of the King's publick Miniflers abroad, and ge¬ nerally all the Papers and Difpatches, that pafs through the Offices of the Two Secretaries of State, which are from time to timetranfmitted into this Office, and here remain, difpofed by way of a Library, within his Majefties Palace of White-Hall. This confiderable Officer hath a Fee of 1601. per annum, payable out of the Exchequer, and is at prefect that very worthy Perfon, Sir fifeph Williamfon, Kr. late one of the Principal Secretaries of State. After the Kings mod Honourable Privy-Council, that Prinutm Mobile, or rather that Refort or Spring, may be con- fidcred the Great Wheels, firft moved by that Spring, which are the Convocation for the Ecclcfiaftical Government, and the Parliament for the Civil. Eut for the better undemanding of the Ecdefiaffical Go¬ vernment, it will be expedient to premifefomewhatof the Ecclcfiafiical perfonsinfngW. CHAP. 3 ®fje $jefent gMate Part IJ CHAP. II. Of the Ecckftaficd Perfons of England. I N the Government of the Church of England, among the Ecclefiaftical perfons governing in the Englift Church, is firft, the King of England, who is, as the Lawyers fay, Perfona jam mixta cum Sacerdotc. The King is the Supreme Bifhop of England-, and at his Corona¬ tion, by a folemn Confecration and Unftion, he becomes a Spiritual Pcrfon, Sacred and Ecclefiaftical: For as he hath put upon him Coma Regni, as an Emblem of his Kinglhip and Power in Temporals; fo hath he Siola Sa- cerioiit, commonly called Veftis Dalmatica, as a Levitial Epbod, to (ignifie his Prieftlmd and Power in Spirituals. He is Supreme Governour in all Caufes, and over all Perfmi, Ecclefiaftical as well as Civil ; is Patron Paramount of all Ecclefiaftical Benefices in England, to whom the lad Ap¬ peals in Ecclefiaftical Affairs are made, who alone hath power to nominate perfons for all Bifhopricks, and chief Dignities, as Deaneries, and fome Prebends in the Church, e 5 rc. as more at large may be feen in the Firft Part of the Prefent State of England. Next to the King, in the Church-Government, are the Bifhops, whereof Two are called Primates, Metropolitan!, or Arcbbiftjopr, that is, Chief Bifhops, the one of Canter- bury, the other of Toi \; each of which have, belides their peculiar Dioccfs, a Province confiding of feveralDio- cedes, and therein by Common-Law, a prerogative of proving Wills, and granting Adminiftrations, where the perfon dying had Bona mtabilia, that is, above 5 1. in divers Diocejfes or Jurifditlms. Alfo, by Grants of fcveral King!, they have each one certain Priviledges, Liberties, and Im¬ munities in their own States. Under thefe Two Archbifhops are Twenty Six Bifhop- ricks, whereof Twenty Two are reckoned in the Province of Canterbury, and Four in the Province of Tr<,: So that there part II. of E N G L A N D; 9 there arc, befidestheTwo A'rchbilhops, Twehty Four Bi- (hops; all which have the Title of Lords, by reafon of their Baronies annexed to their Bifhopricks, and have precedence over all other Barons, both in Parliament, and in other Alfemblics: Amongft thefe preftdes always the Bilhop of London, who by ancient Right is accounted Dean of the Epifcopal Colledge of that Province, and by rcrtue thereof, isto fignifie the pleafure of his Metropoli¬ tan, to all the Bilhops of the Province, to execute his Miniate, to difperfe his Mijfives on all Emergency of Af¬ fairs, to prefide in Convocations of Provincial Synods, du¬ ring the necefiary Abfence of the Metropolitan. Next to Union, in Parliament, precedes Durham, and then Win- cheS/rj all the reft of the Bilhops take place according to the Seniority of their Confecrations. The Function of an Englifh Bi/hop confifls in what he may aft, either by his Epifcopal Order, or by his Epifcopal jurifdillion. Ey his Epifcopal Order, he may ordain Deacons and Priejls, he may dedicate Churches and Burying-places, may admi- nifter the Rights and Ceremonies of Confirmation, without whom none of thefe may be done. The JmfdiUm of a Bilhop is either Or dinar) or Delega¬ ted-, the Ordinary is what by the Law of the Land belongs to each Bilhop in his own Dioccfs ; the Delegated is what the King is pleafed to confer upon him, not as a Bilhop, but as he is a Subjeft, and a confidcrable Member of the Kingdom-. For all Clergy-men arc in England (as anciently among God’s own people the Jews, and amongft the Pri¬ mitive ChriJIians, (0 foon as they were under Chriftian Em¬ perors J judged fit to enjoy divers Temporal Honours and Employments: As, Firft, to be in the Commiffion of the Peace ; for who fo proper to make and keep Peace, as they, whofe conftant Duty ic is to preach Peace 1 Who fo fit as they, whole main Bufmcfs and Study is to reconcile thofe that arc at variance ? And therefore fince his late Majefty, King Charles, his happy Rcftauration, as well as before, divers grave difcrecc Divines, hayebcen made Jujlices of reace, io Efje p?efcnt &tate Part I/. Peace, and thereby not only the poor Clergy-men hare been prorefted from the Opprefllon of their Caufc/ef s Enemies, but many Differences have been competed without any Law-Suit', in a more Chriflian, and lefs ex- penfive way. Secondly, To be of his Majcflies Prhy-Comcil, where frequently Cafes of Confcience may arife, relating to State Matters, that will admit neither of Delay, nor Publicati¬ on : And therefore after the pattern of that Excellent Chriflian Emperor Conjlantir.e the Great, our good Kings both before and fince the Reformation, have always ad¬ mitted fome Spiritual i’erfons to cheir Council-Tables, and Clofet-Dcbatcs. Thirdly, To be employed in publick Treaties and Ne¬ gotiations of Peace ; and this both the Ancicnc and Mo¬ dern Praflice will judifie, That none have been more fre¬ quently and fuccefsfully ufed in Inch Mcllages, than the Am- baffadors of Chrifl. Fourthly, To enjoy fome of the Great Offices of the Crown, as to be Lord Chancellor, Lord Treafnrer, &c, And it hath been obferved, That in the late Reign, when the Biffiop of London was Lord Treafnrer, that Of¬ fice was Executed with as much Diligence, Faithful- nefs, Dexterity, and content to the Subjeft as well as to the King, as it ever had been by his Lay-Prcde- ceffors. In the ordinary Jurifdiftion of a Biffiop, as a Biffiop, may be conlidered either the Jmifdiclion it felf, or what is inflated in him by the Law of the Land, for the better Execution of that JnrifdtUion. The Jnrifdiflion it felf .is eflabliffied partly by Statute- Law, as to licenfe Phyficians, Chyrurgeons, and School- mailers; ro unite and confolidate fmall Parijks, to af- fifl the Civil Magiflrates in Execution of fome Statutes concerning Ecclcfiaftical Affairs, to compel the payment of Tenths and Subfidies due from the Clergy to the PartII. of ENGLAND. u been lately repealed : Alfo to require the King’s Writ for imprifoning the Body of one that obflinately (lands Ex¬ communicated Forty Days. And partly by Common and Ecclefiafiical Law together, astocaufe Wills of the Dcceafed to be proved, to grant Adminiflration of Goods of (uch as die inteflate, to give order for the gathering and preferving of perifhable Goods, where none is willing to adminifler, to caufe Ac¬ count to be given of Adminiflrations to collate Benefices, to gram Inflitutions to Benefices upon Prclentations of other I’atrms, to command Induflionto he given, to or¬ der the collecting and preferving of the Profits of va¬ cant Benefices, for the ufc of the Succeifors, to defend the Franchifcs and Liberties of the Church, to vific their particular Diocclfes once in Three Years, and therein ro enquire of the Manners, Carriages, Delinquencies, &c. if Miniflers, of Church-Wardens, of the reft of the Parifhioners, andamongfl them, efpccially of thofc that profefs thcmfelves Plnficians, Chyrurgeons, School-ma¬ ilers, Midwives; of Wardens of Hofpitnls, liow they per¬ form their feveral Duties and Trulls; alfo of all other profdllng Chriflianity, and offending either againfl Piety, as by Elafphemy, Idolatry, Superflition, Perjury, Hcrc- lie, Errors againfl the Thirty Nine Articles, Schifm, Con¬ venticles, abfence from Divine Service, unlawful Abfli- nence from the Sacrament; or elfe offending againfl Ju- fiice, as the delaying of the Legacies given to the Poor, or pious llfes, Dilapidations of Buildings, or Goods be¬ longing to the Church ; taking the Ufury beyond the Rate allowed by Statute, Simony, Perjury, &c. or by offending againfl Sobriety, as Drunkenncfs, Incefl, Adul¬ tery, Fornication, filthy Speech, tempting of any ones Clisflity, Clandefline Marriages, as for wane of thrice publilhing the Banes, the want of Parents Confenr, the want of Witncffes, which muff be above Two, or mar¬ rying in a private place, in an undue time, before Eight in the Morning, and after Twelve of the Clock in die Day. Now, for the better executing of this Junfdill'm, the- taw of England hath furnifhed the Biffiops with a power of Ecclefiafiical tenfiaes, whereof fome may be infiided both 12 ffilje gjefettt &tate Part ir. both upon Lay-men and Church-men, as Sufpenfion from cntring into the Church, or elfe from receiving the Sacra¬ ment, or greater Excommunications, Jjv. Others may be inflifted only upon Ecclcfiaftical perfons, as Sequeflra- tion of their Ecclcfiaftical Profits, Sufpcnfions, fometimes ab Officii, fometimes a Beneficio, Deprivation, and Depcfni. on, which is fometimes Verbal, by Sentence pronounced againft them, and fometimes real, by Degradation, Here note, That of all thefe Cenfures, Excommunication ii never to be inflifted but only for Contumacy ; as when a perfon being duly fummoned, will not appear, or appearing, will not obey the Orders of the Eifiiop. The Solemn Manner of making as Biff.op in England, if as fallort’Cth. When any Bifhop’s See becomes vacant, the Dean and Chapter of that Cathedra! giving notice thereof to the King, who hl’atm of all the Bidiopricks in England, and hum¬ bly reguefting, that his Majefty will give leave for them to chufe another; the King hereupon grants to the Dean his Conge £ Effire, which in French (wherein it was an¬ ciently penned) fignifies leave to cleft j then the Dean fummons a Chapter or Aflembly of the Prebendaries , who either deft the Perfon recommended by his Majefties Let¬ ters, or (hew caufe to the contrary. Next, the Elcftion is certified to the party elefted, who doth moddlly refufe it the firft and fecond time; and if he refufe it a third time, then that being certified to his Majefty, another is recommended-• When the Eleflion is accepted by the party, ir is certified to the King, and the Archbilhop of that Province, whereupon the King gives his Royal Aflent | under the Great Seal of England, which is exhibited to the Archbifhop of that Pmince, with command to con¬ firm and confecrate him : Hereunto the Archbilhop fub- feribes fiat confirmatio, and gives Commiflion under his Archiepifcopal Seal, to his Vicar-General, to perform all the Afts required for perfefting his Confirmation. The Vicar-General, then, in the Name of the Arch-1 bifhop, fends forth a Citation, fummoning all Oppofers ot 1 3 Part II. cf E N G L A N D. of the faid Eleftion, or Perfon Hefted, to appear at a certain time and place, cfpecially afligned, to make their Objeftions. This done by an Officer of the Arches, ufuallyat Bw-Cburcb in chcapjidc, London, by Proclamati¬ on three times, and then affixing the faid Citation on the ChutMsr, for all people to read, the faid Officer re¬ turns an authcntick Certificate thereof to the Archbifhop and Vicar-Gencral. At the Day and Place afligned for the Appearance of the Oppofcrs, the Vicar-General fits; then the Proffer for the faid Dean and Chapter exhibits the Royal Afl'cnt, and the Commiflion of the Archbi- Ihcp; which read and accepted by the Vicar-General, the Proffer exhibits the Proxy from the Dean and Chap¬ ter, and then prefents the Elcftcd Bifhop, and returns the Citation, and defires the Oppofcrs to be publickly called three times; which being done accordingly, he ac- cufeth their Contumacy, and for penalty thereof, defires that the bufinefs may proceed, which the Vicar-General, in a Schedule by him read and fubferibed, doth order. Next the Proffer giving a fummary Petition, wherein is deduced the whole Procefs of Eleftion and Confent, de¬ fires a time to be afligned to prove it, which the Vicar- Genera! admits and decrees. After which, the Proclor exhibits the Royal Aflent, with the Elefted Bifhop’s Af- fent, and the Certificate to the Archbifhop, and defires a term prefently to be afligned to hear final Sentence, which the Vicar-General decrees. Then the Proffor de¬ fires that all Oppofers fhould again be called, which be¬ ing thrice publickly done, and none appearing, nor op- pofing, they are pronounced contumacious, and a Decree made to proceed to Sentence, by a Schedule read and fubferibed by the faid Vicar-General. Then the Eleft Perfon takes the Oath of Supremacy, Simony, and Cano¬ nical Obedience. Next, the Judge of the Arches reads and fubferibes the Sentence; afeer which, ufually there is an Entertainment made for the Officers and others there prefent; which be¬ ing once done at the Sign of the Nags-Head in Cbeapftde, near the faid Bow-Church, gave occafion to our Adverfaries of the Romijl Church to affirm that Fable, That there our firft Bi- fcops, after the Reformation, were confecrated, When i4 .fflje $iefcnt &tate Partu. Whena Bifhopis Elcflcd, and the Eledion confirmed, lie may give Inftirution, and do his ordinary jurifdiftion, and may (it in Parliament, as Lord thereof, according to Sir Edward Cool^, 4 kjlit. p. 47. After the Confirmation, then according to the King's Man¬ date, is the Solemn Cmfecration of the Elefted Bifiiop, which is done by the Archbifiiop, with the Afiiftance of two other Eifhops, in manner following. Upon fome Sunday, or Holy-day, after Morning Ser¬ vice, the Archbifiiop beginneth the Communion-Service ; after a certain Prayer appointed for this Occafion, one of the Eifhops there prefenc, readetli the Epiftle, 1 Tint ,3, another readetli the Gnfpel, John jr. Then after the A ’icene Creed, and fome Sermon, the Elected Bifiiop, ve¬ rted with his Rochet, or Linncn Garment, is by Two Bifiiops prefented to the Archbifiiop, or fome other Ei- (hop commifiioncd by him, fitting in his Chair, who de¬ mands the King’s Mandate for the Confecration, andean- fes it to be read ; then the Elcef Bifiiop takes the Oath of Supremacy, and of Canonical Obedience to the Arch¬ bifiiop, and after divers Prayers, and feveral Interrogato¬ ries put to the Bifiiop, and his Anfwcrs, the rcll of the Epifcopal Habit is put upon him, and after more Prayers, the Elcift Bifiiop kncelethdown, and the Archbifiiop,and Eifhops there prefent, lay their Hands on his Head, and by a certain pious grave Form of Words^ they ronfecrate him. Afterwards the Archbifiiop doth deliver to the Ei- fhop Eleft a Bible, with another Set-Forin of Words, and fo all proceed co the Communion-Service; and having received the Sacrament, and the Blcfling, they repair from Church to Dinner, which is at the charge of the Ei- fhop Eleft, and is ufually very fplendid and niagnificenr, the greateft of the Nobility, Clergy, judges, Privy-Couii- fellors, ^rc. honouring it with their Prcfcncc; the Expen- ces hereof, with Fees of Confecration, amounting ordina¬ rily to fix or (even hundred pounds. This Form and Manner of Confecrating Bifiiops, is ac¬ cording to the Rule laid down in the Fourth Council of Carthage, about the Year 47c. generally received in all [lie Provinces of the IVeJkrn Church. Part II. of ENGLAND. j S Note, That by our Order of confccrating Bifliops, it is evident, Bifliops arc look upon as a diftimft Order of them- felves, and not only as a different Degree from the reft of the Presbyters, as fome would have ic. Nest goes forth a Mandate from the Archbifliop to tlie Archdeacon of his province, to Inftall the Bifliop elefted, confirmed, and confecrated ; which Inftallment is al- moft on the fame manner in all Cathedrals, and is ufu- ally thus. Upon any day, between the hours of Nine and Eleven, in the prefence of a Public ( Notary, the Bifhop Elcft, or his Proxy, which is ufual, is introduced into the Cathedral Clmch by the Archdeacon of Canterbury, by whom all the Bijhops of that Province are Inftallcd, (or clfe by Ins Proxy fometimes) and firft he declares his Aflent to the Kings Supremacy, and fwears, That, unlcfs he be other- wife difpenfed with, he will be refident according to the Cuflom of that Cathedral, and obferve the Cuftoms of the /aid Church, and caufe others to obferve the fame. Then the Archdeacon, with the Pctty-Caims, and Officers of the Church, accompany the Bi/fop up to the',Quire, and there place him in the Seat prepared for the Bifliops, between the Altar and the right fide of the Quire, and then the Archdeacon pronounces thefc Words in Lathe, E|s autkritale mihi commijfa, induct (j intbmiq Keve- tetdrn in Chrijh Patrem Dominum N. N. Epifcopunt , t& Dm'm cuftodiat fuum introitum tfy exiturn ex hoc nunc, (r in feadum, See. Then the Subdean and the Petty-Ca¬ nt fing the 7 c Demn: mean while the Bijhop is again condufted from his own place to the Dean's Scat, and there, in token of taking real pofleflion, he hands till Tt Bonn is ended, together with other Prayers , the Archdeacon reading fome Verficles, as, 0 Lord, Jave this ih; Servant N. our Bijhop, (the people anfwering) And fend him Health from thy Holy Place, &c. Then the Arch- demn reads a (bore Colled for the Bijhop by Name : After Prayers the Bifhop is conduced into the Chapter-houfe, and there placed on a high Scat; the then Archdeacon, and all the Prebends, and Officers of the Church come before the Bijhop, and acknowledge Canonical Obedience to him : finally, the Publick. Notary is by the Archdeacon required to 17 2 Clje gjcfem State Part II, make an Inftrument, declaring the whole matter of Faftin this Affair. Then the faid Eifhop is introduced into the King’s p tc . fence, to do his Homage for his Temporalities or Barony, by kneeling down, and putting his Hands between the Hands of the King, fitting in a Chair of State, and by taking of a Solemn Oath to be true and faithful to His Majefty , and that he holds his Temporalities of him. Laftly, The new Bi/hop compounds for the Firji Fm of his Bifhiprickji that is, agrees for his Firft Years Profits robe paid to the King within Two Years or more, if the King pleafe. . The Tranption of a Bijlnp from one Bijhapricl^ to an¬ other, differs only in this, from the manner of making a Si- flip, that there is no Confecration. The Tranflation of a Bijbop to be Archbijhop, differs only in the Commjfion, which is direffed by his Majefty to Four or more Bijkps to confirm him. Note, That the difference between an Arcbbifhop and a Bijlnp, is, That the Archbijliop, with other Bijhps, doth confccrate a So flop, as a Bifliop, with other Prieftr, doth ordain a Priejl: The Archbijhop vifits the whole Province, the Biflpp only his Dittcefr, the Archbijhop can convocate a Provincial Sjnod; the Bijhop only a Diocejan S'nod : The Archbijhop is or¬ dinary to, and hath Canonical Authority over all the Bi- (hops of his Province, and as the Bijhop hath over all the Priejis of his Dwell. Several Bifliops of England, having Diocejfes of a large Extent, it was provided by Star. 26. Hen. 8. That they fhould have a power to nominate fome to the King, to be, with his Approbation, Suffragan or Subftdiary Biflnft, whereof fee more in the Firji Pan of the Piejent Stott of England. Of thefe there are none at prefent in the Clmch of England, but the next to the Bijbtps, are now the Deans of Cathedral Churches. ©fail anij Cljapta.] Anciently Bifliops did not or¬ dinarily tranfafk matters of moment, fine concilia Presbjtt mum principalium, who were then called Senatons Etch fist, and Colleagues of the B'tflnps , reprefeuted in fomt jpartll. of ENGLAND. j fort by our Cathedrals-, whereof the Dean and fome of [the fnbtmls, are upon the Bi/hops Summons, to afllft jhim in Ordinations, in Deprivations, ab Officio <& Eeneficio , fin Cmdeimatm of obftinate Hereticks, in the great Ex- '.mmmitatms, and in fuch like weighty Affairs of the \ Church. Upon the King’s Writ of Conic d' eflire (as be- ifore-mentioned) the D can and Prebendaries arc to Elaft iffic Bijlup of that Diocefs. Cathedral and Collegiate iChurches are, as it were, Seminaries, or Seed-plots, ;v,hereout from time to time may be chofcn fit perfons to govern the Church : For having left the Countrey, land living here in a Society together, they learn Ex- jpcrience, they read Men; they, by little and little, put ;off the Familiarity of the Inferiour Countrey Clergy, and thereby render themfelves more fit to be fet over them in Government- The Dean and Prebendaries , during their required Refidence in their Cathedral or Colleiiate Chimes, 3rc to keep Hofpitality, upon all Fcftivals to read Divinity in their turns, which is now turned to Sermons, or Set-Speeches in the Pulpit; at due time to adminifter the Lord's Supper ; to frequent the publick Divine Service; to inffruft the Countrei Clcrg)', and di- reft them how, and what to preach, whereby they may Mi profit their Auditors: In a word, as they excel others in Dignity, and are therefore Ailed Prelates-, fo by their more Eminent Piety and Charity, they are to be Examples jand Patterns to the Inferiour Clergy. In almoff every Cathedral, or Bijlnp's Set, there is a him, and divers Prebendaries, or Canons, whofc number is uncertain. I Bern of the Old Foundations, founded before the Sup. preffion of Monalitrics, are brought to their Dignities Wli like Bifhops; die King firft fending forth his Conge effire to tile Chapter, they elefiing, and the King grant¬ ing his Royal Aflenc, the Biffiop confirms him, and gives his Wire to Inftall him. . Dims of the New Foundations (upon fuppreffion of Ab- his or Priories, transformed by Hen, 8. into Dean and Chapter J arc by a fliorcer courfc Inflalled by Vercue of the King’s Letters Patents, without either Elcdiion or Confir- 18 £i]C ^icfuit Part H, Among the Canons or Prebendaries in the Old founda¬ tions, fome are Cmmki allu, having Frebendum fedile j„ I Cbm, & jits fuffragii in Capitnloj orlicrs are CanmiciiA Herb* (as they are called ) having right to the next Pn. bend that (hall become void, and having alicady a Stall in 1 the Quire, hut no Vote in the chafer. A Prebend is properly the portion which every Frebidt- \ r■) of a Collegiate or Cathedral church receivcth in the tight of his place for his maintenance, quafi pars vel forth pn- I benda. 3rrl]8r(irontf-] Next in the Government of the Engli jJ Cbarcb, may be reckon’d Archdeacons, whereof there are Sixty in all England: Their Office is to viiit Two Years in Three, and to enquire of Reparations and Moveables be¬ longing to Churches , to reform Abufes in Ecclefuftical Matters, and to bring the more weighty Adairs before the Bifiopof theDiocefs; and rhercfoie be is called, Alttt\ Epifcopi ocultts , (the other being the Dean, as he is men¬ tioned in the Fuji Part of the Prefent State,) More¬ over, tire Office of an Aichdeaom , is, upon the Bifitfi Mandate , to induft Clerks into their Benefices, and thereby to give them polldlion of all the profits belong¬ ing thereto. Many Archdeacons have by Prtfcriftm their Courts and Officials, as Bifhops have: whereof more hereafter. UKural IBcanffi] After Archdeacons are the Archi- presbjteri, or Rural Deans , fo called perhaps at firft for their Ovcrfight of fome Ten Pari/Js Priefts .- Their Office is now, upon Orders, to convocatc the Clergy, to fig- nifie to them, fometimes by Letters, the Biffiop’s plea- fure, and to give Induftion for the Archdeacon, living afar oft'. tariff) drifts og 3IvrttC$0.] Next are to be con- fidered the priefls of every particular Parity, who are commonly called the Reflors, unlefs the Predial Tythcs are impropriated, and then they are (filed Vicars, qurfi vice fungentes Rellorum, Their Office is to takecare of all the Pariffiioners Souls, and like good Shepherds, to handle every particular Sheep apart; to catcchife die ignorant. p.ut If. of ENGLAND. 19 ignoijiir, reduce the ftraying, confirm the wavering, con¬ vince the obdinace, reprehend the wicked, confute Schif- nunefc, reconcile Differences among Neighbours, to cx- ereife tile power of binding and looting of Souls, as oc- calion (hall offer, to read duly Divine Service, to admini- fter the Holy Sacraments, to vifit the Sick, to marry, to. bury, to render publick Thanks after Child beating, to keep a Regider of all the Marriages, Chriftnings, and Bu¬ rials, that (hall happen within the Parifb, to read Homi¬ lies appointed by Authority, and f \i the Bilhop thinks lit) to read, or fpcak by heart their own Conceptions in the Pulpit. I.aftly, Deacons, whofc Office is to take care of the Poor, hapti’cc, read in tile Church, aflift the Pried at the Lord's Supper, by giving the Cup only. The whole Number of the Clergy of England are in all, fitft, Two Archbilhops, Twenty Pour P.ifiiops, Twenty Six Deans of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, 57 6 Preben¬ daries, c ij-j Rcftors and Vicars, and about fo many more, with Cmjes, and others in Holy Orders. After this brief Account of Ecclefiafiical Tcrfons, foaiewhat m ty here, not unfitly be added, touching thole pcrfons, who, though not in Holy Orders, yet have a pe¬ culiar Relation to the Church, and ar cquaft femi EccUfufi'ni. As firff, Patrons of Churches, who, by firll building of Cknhis, or fird endowing them with Lands, have ob- tttinrd for them and their Heirs, a Right of Advoivfon or Patronage, whofc Office and Duty is to propofe a fit Cfct(when th.e Church is void) to the llifhp, cobe by kiir [Canonical!} indituted, and to protccS thefaid Church, 3S far as he can, from all wrong; and in cafe his, C.lc>\ Ptove unfit for the place, to give notice to the Bi/Is". Eut the fcveral Inconvcnicncics of this right of pre* ttnfion, have been of late years fo great, that it is to he ''•'idled, that all the Advowions in England, not now in fie Crown, were by fome publick Tax, purchafed and fer- ™ for ever in the Crown, that fo all Parfons and Vicars (as "dl as Bipjjps, Deans, and Prebendaries) may have their Dependancc upon the King’s bounty only (as all the CU r* l; m fome Reformed Churches now have) and not upon SCljc $;cfcnt Slate anv mean, covetous, illiterate, faftious, heterodox f>- auy _iumu, b which one means all the -«• M Noce!That although the Gift of the higher Dignities onf iS aDn ° n>tion °j fmaller Parfon g > vet there arc fomc PwwmM and ?S cSjtKS^tre fubjea to the Vacation only of ^.hc Lmfcbiuicellor, and wholly exempted from the Jurifdi- a t°S a aLftln, m i, w /^c Cr A r i,.he "'hofc Office is to fee that the Lhm, be in pood Repair fitly adorned, and nothing wanting for lonpine to theCfartft be detained, to ue for the fame; to lbffrvethac all P«nfl^ come;a.lj' to L^eSct- Vir !l W fcandalous Li' “^monilh,of riflnLs for the poor ^^if lhC f 1Ee alfo in greater Pmjks joyned with tlic S'S^Sa^St, -|SSS 5 ®- 7 “ : # 5 SSS?iS! and cftnrcfe-irrtrrfenJ. Id cf ENGLAND. 2t i thc Church of tngland there are, as in the Ancient nm-c Times, Three Orders, Bifiofs, Paefts, and .m. None may be admitted Deacons before the Ase rwemy Three years, unlefs he hath a Difpenfation be admitted younger: None may be made a Prielf lie be com plea tly Twenty hour years old. None be admitted a Bifo, till he be full Thirty yca „ be Ordination of Pnejls and Deacons is four times the , upon hour feveral Sunday in the Ember or Fnfli 7 y, firlt introduced by the holy Martyr CalhJ £ of Rome, about the year of our Lord 2:0. that To ic Nation may at once, in their joym Travers to God amend them that are to receive Ordination, which is irmed by a Btjhp, in a folemn, grave, tlcvout man- Thu, for De.tcons\ After Morning Prayer there is nnon dedanng the Duty and Office of Deacons and theMVhv’riIT 8 /^ cccnt!y ta , bKtd ' 3re prerem- iT£t P ■(\ ] ?’ A l' cb' lm ° w an >' notable Impcdi- or Cr, me m any one of them: After follow cer- 7> r , r3 ^ £ > thcn a Collect, Epiflle, and GofpcI • fore the GofpcI, the Oath of Supremacy is adnffiii to every one of them, and the Bifliop putteth divers ^dions to .hem, which and he laying his Hands upon them fcvcrallv. doth lS^T^^ nd t CrS “ ev eryo»eonhi n h n f ’, and B lvcst!lcm Authority to read the n lie Church. Then one of them, appointed by £ reads the GofpcI; and then all, witlulic/M J I to the Communion, and fo arc dilmilTed with ti e S pronounced by the ISi/Inp. Ordination of Priefts is partly in the fame mm " y the Epidle and GofpcI a rc y different, and after* d ions and Anfwcrs made, the Bfthp puts up a pir- Mti™ f ° r t lem ’ aml tll3t cndcd > hc llf hrcs P the gation to recommend them to God fccretly in raters, for doing of which, there is a competent genera] filcncc: Then follows Vent Creator Soiri- Mctre to he fung ; then after arodicr Pr/£ Part II. i2 ®;c f jrfrat fctate they all kneeling, the Bifht, with one or two of the strave Priejlt there prefent, layeth his Hands upon the Mead of every one of them fcvcrally, and1 gives them Ordination, in a grave Set-form of Woids didcrcnt both from that of and that of roomr, the reft as in the Ordaining of Deacons. c ii a p. in. Of the Ecckfafiical Government of England, svi fir si of the Convocation. TEOR the Church Lcgiflative power, or the making of T Ecclefiaflical Laws, and confulcing for the mere weighty Affairs of the Church, the King, bv the Ad¬ vice of his Privy-Council, ufually convokes a National Sy¬ nod, commonly called the Convocation, which is fuinmoa- cd in manner following. The Kingdirected) his Writ to the Archoifliop of cacli Province, for fummening all Bi/hfs, Deans An ea«, rf.ull and Collegiate Clmckei , according o their beft Vifcretion and Judgment, alhgmng themi the-M 'i and place in the faid J Writ; whereupon the Archb% and all the Clergy of his Province to that place, and att e| dav orefixtinthe Writ, but direfleth withal, tliac one Fr L Cathedrals Collegiate Churches, and luferiour «icNames of allfo fummoned by them. P. ut II. of ENGLAND. a 3 Tlie place where the Convocation of the Clergy in the Province of Canterbury, hath ufually been held, was Sc. PmI's Church in Linden, hue of latter times Sc. Peter's in H'tllntin/isr, in tile Cluppcl of Henry the ytb, where there is fas in Parliament; a higher and a lower Houfe, oraHcufeof Lords-Spiritual, and a Houfe of Coinmons- Spirittul- The higher Houfe of Convocation in the Province of Onierktn, confiflsof Twenty Two Bifhops, whereof the Archbilhop is Prefidcnc, fitting in a Chair ac the upper end ol j great Table, and die Hilltops on each fide of the fame Table, all in their Scarlet Robes and Hoods, the Archbt- (liop's Hood Furred with Ermin, the Bifiiops with Mi¬ never. The lower Home confifis of all the Deans, Archdea¬ cons, one I’roftor lor every Chapter, and two Proflors for all the Clergy of eacli Dioccfs, in all, 1 66 perfons, sir. Twenty Two Deans, Twenty Pour Prebendaries, Fifty Four Archdeacons, and Forty Four Clerks reprefeming chcDjpcefan Clergy. Thefirfl day, hath Houfes being affemblcd, the higher cliufcrh a Bifhop for tlicir Prolocutor, and the lower, be. ing required by die higher, chufe them a Prolocutor, or Speaker; which done, they prefenc him to the upper Houfe by Two of the Members, whereof One makes a Speech in Latins, and then the Elefi Pcrfon makes ano¬ ther Speech in Lewie. Laftlv, the Archbilhop atifwers in Lame, and in die Name of all die Lords, approves of the l’crfcn. Both Houfes debate and tranfaft only fucii Matters as his Majcfly by Commifiion exprefly allowedi. In the upper Houfe things are firfl propofed, and then communicated to die lower Houfe. The Major Vote in each Houfe prevails. Out of Parliament time they ufually aflemble every day about Nine of die Clock, and firfl the junior Bifhop fays Prayers ill Latins, beginning with the Litany, and then lor the King, &c, And in the lower Houfe die Prolocutor fays In Convocation are debated only Matters concerning Religion and die Church, and fometimesof giving hisMa- * j jefty 24 2CIje ipjcftttt State Part II. jetty afliftancein Money; for as the Laity cannot he taxed without their own Confent, fignified by their Reprcfenta- tives in Parliament, fo the Clergy cannot be taxed without their own Confem, fignified by their Reprcfentatives ia Convocation. The Clergy in Convocation might anciently, without asking the Royal Affcnt, and now may, with the Royal Allcnt, make Canons touching matters of Religion , to bind, not only themfclves, but all the Laity, without Con- fent, or Ratification of the Lords and Commons in Par¬ liament. Till the Rebellion in the Reign of King C/wr/er the Fitfl, the Parliament did not at all meddle in the making Q- non;, or in matters Doftrinal, or in Tranflation of Seri* pturc;, or Annotations thereon, only by their Civil San¬ ctions (when they were thereto required") did confirm the Refuits and Confultations of the Clergy, that lb the peo¬ ple might be the morecafily induced to obey the Ordinan¬ ces of their Spiritual Governours. The Clergy of England had anciently their Rcprefcntl- fives in the lower Houfe of Parliament, as appear! by tint ancient Record fo prized by tile late Lord C'ofje; ami as t ic upper Houfc had, and ftill hath Lords Spiritual as well as Temporal, fo in the lower Houfc there were always Commons Spiritual as well asTemporal; for that Record faith exprefly, That the Commons in Parliament confift of Three Degrees or Kinds; Firft, Ex Procmtoribm Clm; Secondly, MilmbtuCmitarnm-, Thirdly, £ x Burginfibm . And the words of the Writ direfted now to the Prmrm- res Cleri, feem to give them the very fame right to fit in that Houfc, as the words of the Writ to the Knights, Citi¬ zens, and Burgcffes, do give to them. All the Members of both Houfcs of Convocation have the tate Part If, for the Prince of Wales. On the King’s Left- Hand is a Sett for the Duke of Turk- On the King’s Right Hand, and next the Wall, areph- cedon a Form, the Two Arrhbilhops; next below, 01 another Fotm, the Bifiiops of London, Durham , and |fe cbejlcr ; then upon other Forms on the fame fide, all the reft of the Bifiiops fit, according to the Priority of their, Conficration , On the King’s Left Hand, upon Forms, arc placed tilt Lords, Chancellor , Treafurcr, I’refident of the Kings Can¬ al, and Lard I’rivy Sent, if they are B,irons, above ill Differ, except thofe of the Royal Family; if they are I not Baroni, then they fit uppermort on the )fe|. Sachs. On the lame fide fit the Dukes, Mar.puijjes an! EM according to their Creations. Upon the firft Form a crofs the Houfc, below tlicHW Suet’s, fit the Vifcmts, and upon the next Form, thsfo ms, all in order. The Lord chancellor, or Keeper '(>f the K'"d he prefterj ftands behind the Cloth of White, otherwife fits on the firft Wool-Sack., thivart the Chair of State, his Great Seal and Mace by him: He is Lord Speaker of the Lords Hdt. Upon other Wool-Sack/ fit the Judges, the Frivy-Cmftht, and Secretaries of State, the Kings Council at Law, the Hi¬ tters of Chancery. Thefe being not Barons, have no Suf¬ frage in Parliament, only fit to give their Advice wlunit is required. The Reafon why thefe Sages arc placed upon Wool-Sack/, may probably be, to mind them of the great Importanceof Wool and Sheep to this Nation, that it never be negleftcd. On thcTowcrmoft Wool-Sack, arc placed the Clerk cl the Own, now Henry Barker, Efqy and Clerk of the Par. li-iment, at prefent John Brocat, Efq; whereof the former is, concerned in all Writs of Parliament, and Pardons in Parliament: the other Recordeth all things done in Parlit menr, and keepeththe Records of the fame. This Clerk hath aho Two Clerks under him, who kneel behind the fame Wool-Sack, and write thereon. Without the Bare! the Lords Houfc, fits the King’s firft. Gentleman Vffier, called the Black-Rod, from a Black Staff lie carries in his Ham, Part II. of ENGLAND. 37 wlioisat prcfcnt Sir Thomas Dnppa, under whom is a 7 m- nimVlkr, that waits at the Door within, a Cryer without, and a Sergeant at Mace, always attending the Lord Chan¬ cellor. When the King is prefent with his Crown on his Head, I none of the Lords are covered. ! The Judges Hand till the King gives them leave ! to /it, i when the King is abfent, the Lords at their En¬ trance do Reverence to the Chair of State ,• as is, or S fliould he done by all that enter into the King’s Prefcncc- | Chamber. ! The judges then may fit, but may not be covered, till . the Chancellor or Keeper fignifie unto them the leave of : the Lords. The King’s Council, and Matters of Chancer) fit abb, but may not be coveted at all. The Commons in thcHoufc fit promifeuoufly, only the Speaker h.th a Chair placed in the middle, and the Clerk of that Hrufe near him at the Table. They never had any Robes (as rhe lords ever had) , but wear every one what he fancieth mott, which to Strangers feems very unbecoming the Gravity and Authority of the Great Council of England: And that during the Attendance on Parliament, a Robe, or Grave Vcrtmcnc would as well become the Honourable Members of the Houfc of Commons, as it doth all the Noble Venetians, both Young and Old. who have right to fit in the Great Coun¬ cil of Venice, and as it doth the Senators .of Rome at this day, ist. The time of fitting in Parliament is on any day in the Morning, or before Dinner, onlv it hath anciently been obferved, not to affemble upon fomc high Fcftival Days, bucupon ordinary Sundays oft times, as days accounted by dlChrifiians, Icfs folcmn than divers other Kcflivals, which arecelebract-d butoncea year. When the day prefix’d by the King in bis Writs of Summons is come, the King ufujlly cometh in perfon, "ith his Crown on his Head, and clothed with his Royal Hobes, declares the Caufc of the Summons in a fliort Ha¬ rangue, leaving the reft to the Lord chancellor, who then (lands ?8 Sljc^jcfcnt&tate Part 11, (lands behind his Majcfty; the Commons in the meu time (landing bare at the Bar of the Lords Hon fe, are ai. tcrwards in tlie King’s Name, commanded to chufe thtg a Speaker, ( which without the King's Command they may not do) whereupon they, returning to their oaj Houfe, make choice of one of their own Members, whoa afterwards, upon another day, they prefcnc to the King; and being approved of by his Majcfty , fitting in his Clnit, and all his Lords, both Spiritual and Temporal, in theit Robes of Scarlet, he makes a modcfl Refufai; whichnt: allowed, he petitioneth his Majcfty, That the Commons may have, during their fitting, Firft, A free Accefs to his M,j4, Secondly, Freedom of Speech in their own Hsufe. Thirdly, Freedom from Arrejls. Before any Affair be medfed with, all the Members ofj the Honfeof Commons take the Oath of Allegiance nsdSd premacy, in the pretence of an Officer appointed by the King; and of late they are all, after the choice ofi Speaker, to declare their Opinion againft the Doftrinnoi Tranfubfiantion, Invocation, and Adoration of Saints, iniibt Sacrifice of the Mafs, which Teft the Lords alfo are nowcV liged to take in their Houfe before they can fit and debut upon any Affair. By the Old Manufcript, called Modus tenendi Farlm>,■ turn, though it be not loOld asfome Learned Men bin imagined, it doth appear as afore-mentioned, That the, Houfe of Cownonr did anciently (as the Houfe if brini this day) confift of Clergy-men as well as Lay-mto there fare the Procteratores Cleri, Two for each DloctM reprefenting all the Clergv-Commons of the Dioccfs, i the Knights of the Shire do all the Lay Commons of td Shire; for it was then judged expedient, that every Fr« man of England, aswellClergy as Laity, fliouldm palW of all Laws touching Propriety, whereunto they were tj be fubjeft, give their confent perfonally, or imm® arely by tliemfelves, or elfe by fome, that by their & leftion, fhould immediately undertake for them; aa t ie Words of the Writ for fummoning the Pttest tores Cleri, as aforefaid, feem to warrant the fame i this day. BdiJi: pjftll. of ENGLAND. 39 Edifc, it is certain by an ancient Record, That in : he icih of Henry the IIP when Writs were fent out for fummoning Knights, Citizens, and Eurgclfcs, there were at the fame time Writs for fummoning the Dean and Chapter of Tork_, to fend Two l’rebcndaries to the Par¬ liament (not SynodJ then held at Winckcfler, and pro¬ bably at the fame time, to all Deans and Chapters in tryjMi. The power and priviledgesof both Houles of Parliament, arc divers and diftinft one from another. The Lords Houfe hath a Power, not only in making and repealing Laws, but alfo in trnUando fy cmfilmm tmfndendo, as the words of the Writ are; alfo in judging of Cor.tro- verfies, judging in the Arraignment of anv Peer of the Ecalm, putting Men to their Oaths, efpecially in n-itters of Importance, as the Corruption of judges and "agiftrarcs, in Error, illegal Proceedings in other Courts, in Appeals from Decrees in Chancery, See. The Lords that in their Religion conform not to the Church of England, no longer lit, nor have Suffrage in the Lords Hmfe. All the Lords Spiritual and Temporal have this privi- ledge, Tlut if by Reafon of Sicknefs, or other Bulinefs, they cannot appear, they may make their Proxies to vote in their (lead, after Liccnfe obtained by a Letter under the King's S^ncr, to be cscuAd for their Abfence, lo that in every Parliament, every perfon in Englar.J, either by himfelf or Proxy, orReprefenrative, is (aid to be there, and to have his Suffrage for making or repealing any Law. The Commons have alfo a power in making and repealing Laws, they alfo have their Negative Voice; for levy ing of any Money upon the Subjeft, the Bill begins in the Commons Unfe, became from them doth arile the greater part of Moneys. The Commons have the priviledge to fupplicate and propofe Laws, to impeach publick Delinquents, even the higheft Lords of the Kingdom, both Spiritual and Temporal. The mnfeef Commons is the Grand Injneft of the Realm, liimmoncd from all parts to prefent publick Grievances, 43 Elje Pjfftnt §>fate PartII Delinquents to the King and Lords, to be redreffed and punifhed by tliem ; and to this purpofe the Linds (it ij their Robeson the Bench covered, as Judges do in other Judicatories; they (wear and examine WitnclTcs, and at icngtli pafs Sentence, wliilft the Members of the Comm Noiifi dand hare at the Bar of the Lords Houfe, produce WitnelTcs, manage Evidences, 6v. A'o.’e, That although every Member of the Commm Houfe be cliofen to fcrve for one particular County, City, or Eurrough, \cc he fervesfor the whole Kingdom, and his Voice equal to any other, his Power abfolutc to con- fenc or dilient, without ever acquainting thofe that fen; him, or demanding their Aflcnr, as the States Gene¬ ral of the United Keiherl.mds arc obliged to do in ma¬ ny Cafes. Yet are they to make it their fpccial care to promote the good of th.tr C'unty, City, or Eurrough, for which they fcrve, and from which heretofore they ufuallv did re¬ ceive Inftruftionsand Directions concerning their Grievan¬ ces, Wants, ^rc. Altliouch the Lords of Parliament are to bear their turn charges, btcaufc they rtprefent there only themfeive;;yet all the Commons, both Lay and Clergy, that is, thtPi;*- intores fieri, are to have mimabiks Etfei fits, (as the words of the Writ arc) that is, fuch Allowance as the King con- fidering the Prizes of all thi gs, (lull judge meet to im- pofe upon the People to pay; in the tyre Edrr. (I. it was Ten Groats for Knights, and Five Groats forEurgt(!is;bat not Jong after it was Four Shillings a day for dubbed Knights, and Two Shillings for all others; which in thofe days, as appears by the Prizes of all things, was a cor.ftderable Sum, above Twenty times more than it is now; for not only their Expenccs were confidcrcd, though that was great,by reafott of the fuitable Attendance that then every Parlia¬ ment-Man had, but alfo their Pains, their Lofs of Time, and neceflary negicclof their own private Affairs, for the Service of their Countrev; and when the Counties, Cities, and Burroughs paid fo dear for their Expences, they were wont to take care to chulc fuch Men as were bed able, and mod diligent in the fpeedy difpatch of Affairs; by which means, with fomc other, mote bufinefs in thofe times was p. )r tll, of ENGLAND. 41 difpatdi’J in Parliament in a Week, than is row perhaps in Ten: So that the Protections for Parliament-Men, and thcirScrvants from Arrefls, were not then grievous, when farce any Parliament or Stllion Mod fo long as Oue of the Four Terms now at U'efiminlhr. Jn the Reign of Edw. HI. ’ tlie Parliament fate fomt times but Plight Days, and fome- timeslefs, as may be feen in the Records of the Tower, and yet cranfadlcd fevcral and weighty Affairs of the Na¬ tion/many things being prepared before-hand, (as fome think) by the King and his Privy-Council, as they arc at Iprefent inSneubH by the Forty Counfellors of State, and asinfctAtmf by rite Lords of tilt Articles; and that com¬ monly they then debated only upon fudi tiling: a; the King did propefr, which is ftill clone by the Convocation of the Clergy of E”i-tatc Part II. Totk HOUSE OF COMMONS belong, P rft, for the Forty Shires of England, Ttvo for each; in all Eighty Knights. Then for each ot the Twelve Counties of Wales, Twelve Knights. For Twenty Five Cities in England , Two to each, anti Lett- (fanFour; in all is Fifty Four Citizens. For the Eight Cinque-Ports, Sixteen Barons. ForiheTmVniverfities, Two Burgeffes for each, is Four, &t. For One Hundred Sixty Eight Boroughs, there are Three Hundred Thirty and Two Burgeffes ; for Two of rhofe Bmugbs fend but One a piece. And in the Twelve Counties of Wales, arc juft Twelve Burgeffes So the total Number of the Hwfe of COMM ONS is Five Hundred and Ten, whereof generally Two Hun¬ dred are abfent upon bufinefs, or lick, tate Part Ij Dr. Peter Mew, lord Eifhop of Wincbejler. ^ Dr. Thomas Wood, Lord Eifhop of Coventry and Hid 4 Dr. William Beam, Lord Bifhop of Landaff Dr. William Lloyd, Lord Bifhop of St. Afaph. -/'Dr. Thomas Smith, Lord Bifhop of Carlijle. Dr. Thomas Sprat, Lord Bifhop of Rochejler. Dr. Jonathan Trelawney, Lord Bifhop of Bscetir. Dr. Thomai Watfon, Lord Bifhop of Sc. Davids* Hi. Gilbert Burnet, Lord Bifhop of Salisbury. Dr. Humphry Humphreys, Lord Bifhop of Bangor. Dr. Nicholas Stratford, Lord Bifhop of cbefter. -+'Dr. Edward Stillingfleet, Lord Bifhop of Worcefler, Hi. Simon jP^rric^, Lord Bifhop of Ely. •4" Dr. Gilbert Ironfide, Lord Bifhop of Hereford. Dr. John Hough, Lord Bifhop of Oxford. Dr. John Moor, Lord Bifhop of Norwich, Dr. Richard Cumberland, Lord Bifhop of Peterborough. Dr. Edward Fowler, Lord Bifhop of Gloucefler. 4 Hr.Robert Grove, LordBifhopof Chickefler. -r-Dr. Richard Kidder, Lord Eifhop of Bath and Wells. Dr. John Hall, Lord Bifhop of Brifol- Dr. Thomas Tenifin, Lord Eifhop of Lincoln, A PartII. of ENGLAND. 55 A Lift of the Knights, Citizens, and BurgelTes of the prefnt Tarltament, fummmd to meet at Weflminlter, in O&ober 1690. in the Se¬ cond Year of the Reign of King William and Queen Mary, 'BeUfoi&fljtte 4* T HE Honourable Edward Rujjel Efq; Thomas Brome Efq; Town of Bedford. Timas Hillerfdon Efq; Tkrni Chriftie Efq; 'Betfcg 9. Sir Henry Winchcombe Ear. Sir Humphrey Forjier Bar. Borough of tiew-Windfor. Sir Charles Forter Knighr. William Addsrl) Efq;' Borough of Reading. Sir William Rich Ear. Sir Hem) Fane Knight of the Bath. Borougli of Wallingford. William Jennens Efq; Join Wallis Efq; Borougli of Abington. Sirnn Harcmrt Efq; 'BlCftlS 14. The Right Honourable Thomas What ton Efq; The Right Honourable Richard Hampden Efq; Town of Buckingham. Sir Richard Temple Knight and Baronet. Alexander Denton Efq; Bo- 56 pieTent State Pa rt n, Borough of Chipfwe-Wmmb. William Jephfon Efq; Thomas Lewes Junior Efq; Borough of Alesbttry, Sir Thomas Lee Bar. Thomas Lee Efq; Borough of Agmondefham. William Montague Efq; Edmond Waller of Bicmsfield Efq; Borough of Wendover, Richard Bealg Efq; John Backwell Efq; Borough of Great Marlow. James chafe Efq; Sir William IVhitelocke Knight. Sir Ltvimti Bonnet Bar. Sir Robert Cotton Knight. Univerfky of Cambridge. Sir Robert Sawyer Knight. The Honourable Edward Finch Efq; Town of Cambridge. ■ Sir John Cotton Bar. Granado Pigott Efq; C&effet 4* Sir John Mainwaring Bar. Sir Robert Cotton Knight and Baronet. City of Chejler, Sir Thomas Grofvcnor Bar. Richard Living Efq; CojttiKfl 44. The Honourable Francis Roberts Efq; The Right Honourable Hugh Bofcowen Efq; Borough of Dwilih'id, alias Launcejlm . The Right Honourable William Harbord Efq; The Honourable Bernard Granville Efq; EO' 58 ffilje ^jefetit State Partll Borough of Sc. Ives. James Praed Efq; William Harris Efq; Borough of Foway. Jonathan Rajhleigh Efq; Shadrach Vincent Efq, Borough of Sc, Germans. Daniel Elliot Efq; Henri Fleming Efq; Borough of Sc. Michael. Francis Scobell Efq; Anthony Rowe Efq; Borough of Newport. The Righc Honourable Charles Lord Cheyne. John Speccot Efq; Borough of St.Mawes. Sir Jofeph Tredenham Knighc. John Tredenham Efq; Borough of Kedington. Francis Fnlfored Efq; Cumbertanti 6 * Sir George Fletcher Bar. Sir John Leather of White-haven, Bar. Cicy of Carlife. Jeremiah Babb Efq; Chrijiopber Mitfgrave Efq; Borough of Cochermonth. Sir Orlando Gee Knighc. Sir Wilfred Lawfin Kar. 2 )etbp 4* Sir Gilbert clarle Knighc. Hemp Gilbert Efq; . Town of Derby. The Honourable Anchitel Gray Efq; Robert V/ilmot Efq; 59 Part II. of E N G L A N D. Deuonflnte 26. Franck Courtenay Efq; Samuel Roife Efq; City of Exeter. Sit Edward Seymour Ear. Cbrifiofber Bale Efq; Borough of fotucs. Sir John Powel Bar, Hint) Seymour Efq; Borough of Plymouth. The Honourable John Greenville Efq; Borougli of Oakhampton. William Carr Efq; /fair; Nonleigh Efq; Borough of BarnJIable. The Right Honourable Sir George Hutchint Kt. Arthur Chomfneys Efq; Borough of P lympton. Sir George Treby Knight. Join Pollexfeti Efq; Borough of Honiton. Sir William Drake Knight and Baronet. Sir Walter Tenge Bar. Borough of Tavifloc^. The Honourable Robert RuJfelECq-, Sir Franck Dr ale Bar. Borough of Afhburton, Sir Richard Reynel Knight and Baronet, ntlltam Stnnell Efq; Borough of Clifton, Dartmouth, and Hardneft: Sir Jcfeph Herne Knight. William Ha)ne Efq; Borough of Beraljlon. Sir Franck Drake Ear. John Swinfen Efq; Borough of Tiverton. Samuel Foote Efq; Thimai Bere Efq; to* 60 fflje ^jffcnt $tate ao, Thomas Strangeways Efq; Thomas Freke Efq; Town of Foie. Sir Nathaniel Nappier Knight and Baronet. Sir John Trenchant Knight. Borough of Dorchefler., Sir Robert Nappier Knight and Baronet. James Gould Efq; Borough of Lime Regif. Hemp Henley Efq; John Burridge Efq; Borough of Weymouth . Sir John Morton Bar. Michael Harvey Efq; Borough of Milam Regis. Henry Henning Efq; Nicholas Gould Efq; „, Borough of Bridport. John Michel Efq; Sir Stephen Evance Knight. Borough of Sbafttm , alias Shaftshry > Sir Matthew Andrews Knight. Edward Nicholas Efq; _ Borough of Warehattt. Thomas Erie Efq; William Okpden Efq; , . Borough of Corf-Cafile. Richard Fownes Efq; William Culltford Efq; Butljnm 4* Sir Robert Eden Ear. William Lambton Efq; City of Durham. William Tempefl Efq; George Morland Efq; >art IL cf ENG'LAjND. (n €m 8* m M hh -v Efc i’ Sir Fwnw Majham Ear. Borough of Colcheflcr. Samuil Refolds Efq; tim’d Cary Efq; Borough of Maldon. KtTImai D arc) Bar. fitrlts Mount ague Efq; j Borough of Harwich. be Right Honourable Charles Lord Ch<)ne. git Tbomai Middleton Knight. | ©loticEfierfljtte 8* fir John Gaife Bar. Sir Ralph Dutton Ear. City of Gloucefler. William Cook Efq; William Tt) Efq; Borough of Clrencefter. The Right Honourable Henr) Pcwle Efq; Ritbard Howe Efq; I Eorough of Tewksbury. RirW Dowdefwell Efq; fhe Right Honourable Sir Henry Cupel Knight* rpmfatfifljtre 8* jir John Morgan Bar. Sr Herbert Croft Bar. ! City of Hereford, atl Foley Efq; iory Cornwall Efq; Borough of Lemplicr. him Conyngesby Efq; ™ Dutton Colt Efq; Borough of Wcobley. bn Birch Efq; fat Price Efqy pert* 6l Eljc ^jefetit £tatc Part] ^ctfoiHfljice 6. Sir Tmmas Pope Blount Ear. Ralph Freeman Efq; Borough of Sc. Albans. Sir Samuel Grimjlon Bar. George Churchill Efq; Borough of Hertford. Sir William Confer Bar. Sir William Leman Ear. ipimtmstCMfljtre 4* The Honourable Robert Mount ague Efq; John Dr'tden Efq; Borough of Huntington. The Honourable Sidney Wort!/, alias Montague Efq; The Honourable Richard Mour.taguc Efq; foent io. The Honourable Sir Fere Fane, Kniglu of the Barb. Sir John Knatchbull Bar. City of Canterbury. Sir William Honywood Bar. Henry Lee Efq; City of Rochejler. Sir Jofeph trilliamfon Knight. Franck Clarke Efq; Borough of Maidflon.' Sir Thomat Taylor Bar. ThomtH Ryder Efq; Borough of Quinbowgh, Sir John Banker Bar. Robert Crawford Efq; iaticafljtce 14* The Right Honourable Charles Lord Brandon Gerrard. The Honourable James Stanley. Borough of Lancafler. Roger Kirby Efq; Thomas Prelion Efq; p art n. of ENGLAND. 63 Borough of PreJionmAtmundernefi. Cbijlophtr Greenfield Efq; Borough of Newim. The Honourable George Cholmtmdelj Efq; Sit job Cbichlej Knighr. Borough of Wiggan. Sir Richard Standijb Knight. Piter Shnkerl) Efq; j Eorough of Clitlm. j Aribn) Parker Efq; j Eiger Kenjon Efq; 1 Borough of Liverpool. ] The Right Honourable Richard Lord Colchefler. , fr.mtt Norrif of Spea\ Efq; | icicettec 4* The Right Honourable Be met Lord Shemrd. Sir Timnitt Heftlndge Ear. Borough of Leicejter. Sir Edward Abney Knight. Umer.ce Carter Efq; ItllCOllt 12* i The Right Honourable George Vifcount Cafileton. ' Sir Tmm.it //#; Bar. .red Haffey Bar. Borough of Bofton. Peregrine Betty Efq; Sir Witli.im Torke Knight. Eorough of Great Grimsby, Sir E,limit Aifctgb Kniglu, John chaplin Efq; Town of Stamford. The Honourable Charles lict'tie Efq; William Hyde Efq; Borough <54 ffilje |D?efent &tate Pan] Borough of Grantham. Sir Jo bn Brownlme Bar. Sir William Ellis Bar. pwflefcie 8, Sir Charles Gerrard Bar. Ralph Hamery Efq; City of Wejhninjier. Sir'WilU.m Poultney Knight. Sir Walter Claries Ear. London. Sir William Pritchard Knight. Sir Samuel Dafl/wood Knight. Sir William Turner Knight. Sir Thomas Vernon Knight. ^onmotttfjfijiuc 3. The Right Honourable Charles Lord Marquefs Worcejler. Thomas Morgan Efq; Borough of Monmouth. Sir Charles Kemeys Knight. l 5 o 2 foIk 12, Sir Jacob Aflley Knight and Baronet. Sir William Coolie Bar. City of Norwich. Thomas Blofeild Efq; H.%h Bolpcnbam Efq; Town of LiHiiii, Sir John Turner Knight. Daniel Bedingjield Efq; Town of Great Jarnmlh. George England Efq; Samuel Taller Efq; Eorough of Tioetfwd. BaptiH May Elq; Sir Francis Guyton Knight. Borough of CalUeriftng. Right Honourable Sir RA-rt Howard Knight. Robert Walpole Efq; JEW PartII. of ENGLAND. 6j JMjarapton* 9 * Sir St. Andrew St. John Bar. Hn Parldsurjl Efq; City of Peterborough. | fill'm Brownehwe Efq; Gilbert Dolbeti Efq; Town of Northampton. Sir Tomas Samuel Bar. Sir William Langham Knight, i Town of Bracket, I The Honnurable Sir William Egerton Knight of the Bath, rjtbn Blencotve Sergeant at Law. • Borough of Higham Ferrers. \Thomts Andrews Efq; i BojtfjumteiattfJ 8* William Forfter Efq; | Philip Bi({eij}aff Efq; Town of Neweafile upon Tine. | Sir R.alph Carr Knight, i William Catr Efq; 1: Borough of Morpeth. The Right Honourable Charles Lord Morpeth . \ K'ger hr,wick. Efq; Town of Berwick uponrmerrf. |'fir Francis Blal-e Knight. ySamulOgle Efq; I: Bottfosljani 8, r;"p Now Knight Borough of Eaft-Rclford f.’in Tmnehagh Efq; Town 66 ffilje $jefent State Town of Nenw^upon Trent. The Right Honourable William Lord Eland. The Honourable Nicholas Sanderfon Efq; flDjCQlt 9, The Right Honourable Mount ague Lord Norrejs. Sir Robert Jenltinfin Bar. Univerfity of Oxen. The Honourable Heneage Finch Efq; Sir Thomas Clarges Knight. City of Oxon. The Honourable Henry Bertie Efq; Sir Edward Honeys Knight. Borough of New-VVoodflock- Sir Thomas Littleton Bar, Thomas V The ate Efq; Borough of Banbury. Sir Robert Dafiwood Knight and Baronet. Maim 2. Sir Thomas Mackworth Bar. Bennet Shenard Efq; ©atop i2. The Honourable Richard Newport Efq; Edward Kynaflon of Oately Efq; Town of Salop. The Honourable Andrew Newport Efq; Richard Mitton Efq; Borough of' Bruges , alias Bridge Sir VTiiliam VVhitmore Bar. Sir Edward Alton Bar. Thomas Hanm, William Gow Sir William George Weld Borough of Wenloc^. FcreJIer Knight. Efq; orth. Partll, FaitII of ENGLAND. Town of ■Bijliops-Catlle. III 'ilium Oakcley Efq; Somerfct i8„ Sir Eimrd Phillips Knight. Xatlmel Palmer Efq; , c 'ty of Brijlol. Sir Richard Hart Knight, Sir John Knight Knight. City of Bath. Sir William Bajjh Knight. Jw> Lmgton Efq; , , City of Wells. Efaird Barlgley Efq; |tf?r;ji V,)ndkam Efq; „ , Borough of Taunten. John Spile Efq; EJimd Clarl^ Efq; Htrsj Bui! Efq; Borough of Minhead. p» llmt Efq; • ir T«w,« Tra & Charles Cam ell Knight. Knight. ©owtljampton 26. ^ Honourable charier Lor[1 Marq , ’id'mt Kort.vi Efq; rV n- , City of Wird-eiler. L r Honourable Hiiliam Lcrl I’an ’-t Tilne. Efo; D 68 SEbefPitfent State ■ Town of Southampton. Sir Charles Windbaln Knight. Sir Benjamin Ncwland Knight. Town of Fort[mouth. The Honourable Edyeard Ruffe! Efq; Nicholas Hedger Alderman. Borough of Yarmouth. The Right Honourable Sir John Trevor Ivnt. Charles Duncombe Efq; Borough of Petersjield. Robert Michell Efq; Richard Holt Efq; Borough of Newport, alias Medona. Sir Robert Holmes Knight. Sir William Stephens Knight. Borough of Stockbridge. William Mount ague Efq; Richard 1 Vithed Efq; Borough of Newtown. The Right Honourable Richard Earl of Ranelagm Thomas Done Efq; Borough of Chriji-Church. ^ Francis Gwyn Efq; William Ettrick. Efq; Borough of Whitchurch. Hens) Wallop Efq; The Honourable James Ruffel Efq; Eorough of Limmington. John Burrard Efq; Thomas Dore Efq; Borough of Andover. The Honourable Francis Pavrlet of At John Pollen Efq; Part II, rt Efq; ©taSfy&fljfre io* The Honourable John Grey Efq; Walter Chetwind Efq; Ci.-y of Litckjield. Robert Burden Kq; Richard Dyot Ei’q; 6 ? of ENGLAND. Borough of Stafford, film Chelwind Efq; Jonathan Cope Efq; Borough of Nemaftle under Line. Sir V/i!liam Levefon Gower Ear. Sir Tomas Bellot Bar. Eorough of TamwortL Sir Henry Gough Knight, Michael Biddiilpb Efq; .Suffolk 16. Sir Samuel BarnardijlonBit. Sir Genas Elms Bar. Borough of IpMch. Sir John Barter Bar. Sir Charles Blots Bar. Eorougli of Dnmvicb. i Sir Mitt Rich Knight and Baronet. Sir Philip Sljppon Knight. Borough of Orford. . Timas Glemham Efq; Thomas Felton Efq; Eorough of Albonugh. : Sir Hemp Jobnfm Knight, i l!Ww.'» Jobnfm Efq; Eorougli of Sttdb y. : ]h Rohir.fm Efq; Borough of Etc. Hem Poky Efq; ■Teonas D.nenan, Efq; Borough of S-Ed'itxdshan. iSir Robert Da vers Bar. j/fflaq Goldnell Efq; I Surttp 14, i fir Riehard Onflow Bar. l ir Punas Winter,t Bar. - To SClje pjcfcnt State Part H, Borough of Southward Anthony Bowyer Efq; John Arnold Efq; Borougli of Blechingly. Thomas Howard Efq; Sir Robot Clayton Knight. Borough of Ryegatc. Sir John Pnrftns Knight. John I’m font Efq; Borough of Guilford. Morgan Randyll Efq; Foot Onflow Efq; Eorough of Gallon. Sir John Thomyfon Bar. Thomrti Turgis Efq; Borough of Hafkmcre. Geo■ Rodeney Bridges Efq; Denziil Onflow Efq; Stifle* 20* Sir John Pelham Bar. Sir William Thomas Bar. City of ChicheSler. Sir Thomas Miller Knight. Thomas May Efq; Borroughof Horfham. John Macbell Efq; Thomas White junior, Gent. Eorough of Midhmf. Sir William Morley Knight of the Each. John Lewder Efq; Eorough of Lewes. Thomas Pelham Efq; Richard Biidgcr Efq; Borougli of Shtreham. Sir Edward Hangerford Knight of the Bath. John Pay Efq; Borough of Bramba. Nicholas Barbw Efq; Dr. John Rad.li fe. 7 l PartD. of ENGLAND. Borough of Ste;nhig. Sir fih F® Bar. fUkrt Fag&c Efq; Borough of Etift-Grinjlecb. The Honourable Tin. Sacfyile Efq; Sir Thomas D)ke Bar. Borough- of Arundel; tfjllm M-i'h Eft]; femes Busier Efq; ^ItUUiicfcfljirc 6 + William Brunei,) Efq; Admv Archer Efq,- City of Coventr;; Richard H:phjns Efq; feh Stratford Efq; Borough of Warwick- The Right Honourable William Lord Digi'-j. William Colemore £(q; axIlcffmo?Innti 4- TheRight Honourable Sir John Lumber of Lewther Ear. Sir Chriliopher Mitferavc of Mafcrave Knight and Baronet. Ecroughof Apiilbp The Honourable William Chcjne Efq;. Charles Bo)le Efq, OTltfljtte $4* The Right Honourable Edward Vifcount Cornki y, Sir Walter St. Jehn-Bar. City of A'ctv Sarum. Tnmat Hob; Efq; Tnomai Vitt Efq;- Borough of Wilton. Sir Richard Grubbam How Knight and Baronet, Thomas Wpndbttm Efq;. Borough of Ttomm,- Sir Charles Raleigh Knight. Maurice Rockland Efq; Elje^jcfcnt &tate 72 Borough of Hindott. Robert Hide Efq; Tnomas Chafftn Efq; Borough of Weftbury: The Honourable Peregrine Bertie Efq; Richard Lervys Efq; Borough of Hjtesbttri, William Afh Efq; William Trer,chard Efq; Borough of Caine. Henry Bayntcn Efq; Henry Chivers Efq; Eorough of the Deviser. Sir Thmat Ferries Knight. Walter Grubb Efq; Eorough of Chipcnham. Richard Kent Efq; Alexander Popham Efq; Borough of Malmesbury. The Honourable Goodrein Wharton Efq; Sir James Long Bar. Borough of Criclade. Edmund Webb Efq; Charles Fox Efq; Borough of Great Bedrrk. The Right Honourable Anthony Vifcount Fall^and. Sir Jonathan Raymond Knight. Borough of Ludgerfale. Thomas Neale Efq; John Deane Efq; Eorough of Old Saturn, S : r Thomas Mompeffon Knight. William Harvey Elq; Eorough of Wootten BaJJet, Henry St, John Efq; John Wildman Junior Efq; Borough of Marleborough. Sir John Ernie Knight, Sir George Willoughby Knight. "+ 2H!)e$jefe»t&rate _ Borough of Bomghbrigg. Sir Henry Goodrich Knight and Baroner. Chriftopher Vane Efq; . Borough of Malton. Sir William S’nckland Bar. William Palmes Efq; Borough of Thrish. Thomas Frar,bland Efq; Rickard Staines Efq; Boroygh of Aldborough. Sir Mich. Wentnerth Knight. Chriftopher fancied Efq; Borough of Btverlj, Sir Michael Warton Knight. William Gee Efq; Borough of North-dllerton. Sir William Robinfon Bar. Thomas Lafcells Efq; Borough of Pontefraft. The Honourable Hemy Vanmey Efq; Sir John Bland Bar. Part II, BARONS of the Cinque-Ports (i 6 .) Port of Haflings. The Honourable John Beaumont Efq; Peter Gott Efq; Town of Winchelfea. Robei-t Anften Ear. Samuel Wejlern Efq; Town of RjC. Sir John Aiiflen Bar. Part II. of ENGLAND. 75 Port of Hjeth, Sir Philip Butler Bar. William BrockinanEfy Jhmat Papillon Efq; James Chadwick Efq; Port of Sandwich, John Tlmbme Serjeant at Law. Edward Brent Efq; Port of Stafford.. William Campion Efq; Harp Pelham Efq; WALES (14.) anclefcp 2. Tlie Right Honourable Richard Vifcount Bullgff.'. Town of Bowmoris. Tomas Bul^eley Efq; . 'Bjecon 2+ Sir Rowland Gwpn Knight. Town of Brecon. M tatc PartlL The Alienation-Office before-mentioned, is to rate and fet Fines upon Lands alienated, and Writs of Entry inthe Port, according to their Value. This Office is at prefent in the Hands of his Majefty, and Executed by Three Commitlioners, who arc at prefent, Peregrine Bertie, Efq; James Sanderfon, Efq; William Glanvile, Efq; Mr. Nicholas Whitaker, Receiver. George Marie y, Efq; Mafier in Chancery. Bimri tttlfiem}, Clerk of the Enrollments. Thomas Webb, Clerk of the Entries. Of the Court tf Exchequer. T He next Court for Execution of Law;, is that called the Exchequer-, fo called, as fome think, from a Chequer-wrought Carpet, covering the great Table it that Court, as the Court of Green-Chib in the King’s Houle is fo called from the Green Carpet; orclfefrra the French word Efcheqitier, a Chcfs-board, becaufe the Accomptants in that Office were wont toufe fuch Eoanfc in their Calculation. Here are tryed all Caufcs which be¬ long to the King’s Treafury or Revenue, as touching At- compts, Disburfements, Cudorns, and all Fines impofd upon any Man. In this Conn may fir, The Lord Trcafurcr, the Chancellor of the Exdcfh the Lord Chief Baron, and Three other Lewi Judge;, called Barons of the Exchequer, all'o one otlic; Curiitor Baron. The prefent Barons are, Sir Robert Atkins, Knight of the Bath, Lord Chief Hi roa of the Exchequer, and Speaker of the iloufc of Lord;. Sir Edward Nixtl, lit. ^ Sir NicId.m Letihmare, Kt. ( Barons. Bir John Tie ton, Hr. J George Bradbnrs, Efq; Curfitor Caron. f | “ Part II. of ENGLAND; Euc the Two fit(l fcldom fie, and tliefe Five lad fcldom fiil ; The firfl of thefe Five, is the Principal judge of this Court, and anfwcrs the Bar of the Earifters, wlio direft their Speech to him ; takes Recognizances for the King's Debt:, It is an high Office of high Honour and Pro¬ fit; lie is (filed Lord Chief Baron-, is created by Letters Patents, to hold this Dignity, Qttam dh bene fe gejferir, ! wherein lie hath a more fixed Elfate than the Chief Ju- ; dices of cither Bench, for the Law intends this an Efface : for Lite: He alone, without the other Barons, fits at Cuild- iBf/tlie Afternoon in Term-time, upon A’i/I Prim \aLon- takes Audits, Accompts, Recognizances, Prcfenra- : tionsof Offices, and many other things of Importance. 1 In the abfence of the Lord Chief Baron, the other Three ! Barons fupply his place, according to their Seniority; i but the Fifth is (aid to be theCurfitor of the Court, and 'adminifiers the Oath to the Sheriffs, Under-Sheriffs, Bay- j hits, Searchers, Surveyors, ire. of rite Cuftom houfe, buc is no itinerant judge, nor counted one of the Twelve Judges. j In th.e Exchef er arc held Two Courts, one of the Law, j another of Equity. ' All luiiicial Proceedings according to Law, are comm \Barmbui\ but the Court of Equity, held in the Exclx- \ tjMr-Ch.mkr, is comm fhefaurark , Canceliario, Barcni- I i:n. This Court had its beginning pimo Phi!, fo Mar. \ The Authority of this Court is of Original Jurifdiftion, without any Commifiicn. More alio, Thac all the ocher fore-mentioned Courts ijwere not indicated by any Statute or Written-Law, but Shave their Original front the ancient Cudom of the King- Man. 1 For a long time after the Conqued, there fate in the \\lxch ijxer, both Spiritual and Temporal Earons of the Pealm, and in latter times there fate in their places others filut were not Peers of the Realm, yet diled Barons, quia pi federe fileb.wt Barones. jj AlltheTwclve judges belonging to tliefe High Tribunals, [fit in Robes and fquare Caps, like Doflors of Divinity, bc- [nufc (asfome fay J they were anciently mod commonly lUergy-nicn and Doctors, Bilbopbor Prelates. I 90 fflje gjefent &tate Part II. A Lift of the feverd Officers belonging to His Majefties Court of Exchequer. SCIje feina’sf ftemembjanccr’tf Office, A Fter the Lord Trcafurer, the Chancellor of the Et chequer, and the Barons of the Exchequer afore¬ mentioned, The next Officer is the King’s Remembrancer, _ 4 ,Ioffe, Efquire, in truft for EVE Lit, Yif- count FANS HAW E, in whofe Office are Eight torn Clerks, whereof Thomas Hall, Efq; T xhe Two Secondaries. Gcvge Wats, Efqj J The reft are, Mr. Francis Vntler. 1 Mr.IT///MW Walker- Fir. Gabriel Armiger. Mr. Tmmas Eyre. Mr. William Bathitrjl, | Mr. JohnThomffin. - In this Office are entred the States of all the Ac compts concerning the King’s Revenue, for Cu- ftoms, Excife, Subfidies, and all Aids granted to the King in Parliament, and all other Accompts of what Na¬ ture foever, exeept Sheriffs and B.iyliffi, Accompts; and alfo Accompts for Moneys imprefied ro any I’crfon to pa- form Service for the King, concerning the King's Re¬ venue, either certain or cafual, all Securities, either by Bonds or Recognizances, to the King’s Majefty, by Ac- comptanrs and Officers, for the faithful cxerciling of their Offices, and many of his Debts are taken here. All Pro¬ ceedings upon any Statute by Information for Cuffom, Ex- cifes, or any other Penal Law. All Proceedings upon the faid Bond: or Recognizances, or any other Bonds taken in the KingYNnme, by Officers appointed thereunto, un¬ der the Great Seal of England, and crunfmictcd into this PartII. of ENGLAND. 91 Office for recovery thereof, are properly in this Office.- From whence iflue forth Procefs, to ciiufe all Accomp- tants to come in and account. In the Court of Exche¬ quer, there being a Court of Equity , all Proceedings touching the fame, are in this Office, with many other things concerning the King’s Revenue. This Office is in the King's Gift. ffljc Strcafurer’jtr ftrmemlpnccr'ff ®$cp. Next is the Lord Treafurcr’s Remembrancer, Leonard pas, Efq; whofe Office is to make Procefs againft all -ihcriffi, Receivers, Baylifts, tic. for their Accompts, and nany other things of moment, as Eflrcat-Rulcs, &c. All charters, and Letters Patents, whereupon any Rents are efttved to the King, are tranferibed and fent into this Jfflce, by the Clerk of the Petty Bag, to the end fucU ■loneys as arc thereby payable to his Majefty, may be ranfmitted to the Clerk of the Pipe, and there by him barged in the great Roll of the Pipe, and Procefs made 0 recover the fame, by the Comptroller of the Pipe. )ut of this Office Procefs ilTucs to levy the Twenty ’ounds per Month , due from Popifh Recufants, when tnnviftcd; and alfo to feizc the Two Thirds of their nds, when Schedules thereof arc made by the Clerk the Pipe, and tranfmitted hither. One of this Ot- el’rocels is aifo made to levy the King’s Fee Faun When the Auditors of the Revenue have made Sche. esut fucli Arrears, and tranfmitted them to the Rc- mbranccr, the States of all Imprcft Accompts, and ier great Accompts, are alfo cntretl into this Office, as II asm the Office of the King’s Remembrancer. In s Office there were heretofore Twelve fworn Clerks, .ertof the Two firft were called Secondaries; and Me Names are mv Jtk T,tbil, ■.md MnTaykure,U- W!. This alfo is in the Kino’. riffi I Olers of the Pipe, is the hohou B All Accompts which pafs the ire brought to the Office of the i pam there, to the end that if pi Debt due by any Accomotan •92 sclje^jefent State Pm-tli, in any fuch Accompt, the fame may be drawn down in the great Roll of the Pipe, or the Pipes thereof, and bj the Comptroller of the Pipe taken into his Roll, W (, ■tint with the great Roll, and Proccfs may be made b •him for the Recovery thereof, by a Wric called tl ■Summons of the Pipe, which is of the Nature of a Ltu re Facini. And-if upon Summons of the Pipe, a Kichil be j. .turned by the Sheriff, then a Schedule is made offtcii Debts as arc Kuhilei, and fent to the Treafurcr’s Remtc- brancer, who makes out a long Wric, and annexes it fame to it; which Writ is a Capiat, Fieri Facial, &h tail facial. All Tallyes, which vouch the Payments contained: •fuch Accompts, are examined and allowed by tb chief Secondary in the Pipe, and remain for ever i! ter in this Office. All Accompts of Sheriffs and Baylifts, are made t; by the Clerks of the Pipe, and he gives them, and all tk other Accomp's before-mentioned, their Quietui -tf, t .cafe their Accompts be even. The Clerk of the Pipe makes Leafcs of the King’s Lani and extended Lands, when he is warranted fo to do by tli Lord Treafurcr and Chancellor of the Exchequer , or Lori Commiflioncrs of the Treafury. And thefc Leafcs in fometimes directed to be made under the Great Seal, k for the mod part pafs the Exchequer. He hath underlii fight Attorneys, whereof thelwofirli are Secondary , Walter Wallinger, Efq; Se- . rondary, and firft At¬ torney. j 7 «.Co/e,Efq; Secondary. Mr. Jofeph Cramncr. Mr. Simon Muferave. Mr. Charles Milium. Mr. Peter Frowde, Mr. Philip Talley. Mr. William Moth. Comptroller Of tl)f $>ipc.] Comptroller of tl Pipe, John Pottin$er, Iil'q; who writeth in his Roll all it is in the great Roll, and nothing entered in the gre Poll can be difeharged without his Privity. And i FUchils be returned , fuch Schedules are made to tl< Tret cfENGLAND. 9j eafurer’s Remembrancer, as before is mentioned,;' He writeth ouc the Summons Twice every Year to the gh Sherifls, to levy the Debts charged in the greac Roll the Pipe. Clerk Of tljf^DlCaa.] Clerk of the Pleas, is The. min, Gent, in whole Office all the Officers of the Ex- •pm, and other priviledged Perfons, as Debtors to the ng, b c are to have their priviledec to plead, and be ipleaded, as to all matters at the Common Law. And e l’tocecdings arc accordingly by Declarations, Pleas, id Trials, as at the Common Law, bccaufe they (hould it be drawn out of their own Court, where their at- ndance is required. In this Office there are Four fworn torneys, viz. Thomas Arden, Efq; Secondary, and firll torncy, Mr, Charles Hapnes, Mr. Samuel Anderfin, and r. David Fielder. jfojeip fIDppofer. ] Foreign Oppofcr is Charles Wki- \:r, Efq; whofc Office is to oppofc all Sheriffs upon the hcdulesof the Green Wax: This Office is kept in Gra>s~ Clerk Of tl)C <£Crcat 0 .] Clerk of the Eflreats, in fhtjlings, Efq; whole Office is to receivceveryTerm c Eflreats, orExtraftsout of the Office of the Remem. mer of the Lord Trcafurer; and to write them our, to levied for the King; alfo to make Schedules for lucit ms as are tobedifeharged. ailOifOJA Of tije 3 ilhp^flf.] Auditors of the Tm. A Bri>[ Bridges, and Thomas Done, Efquires, wlio/lv. t the great Accompts of the King’s Cuftoms, Wardrobe, im, Firfl-Fruits, and Tenths, Naval and Military Ex- ms, Moneys Imprcrted, foe. illliiitOjA of tijeHScbcnUE.] A'tdiicrs of the Ecve- ic, there are Seven, Sir Jcfet h Seymour, Kt. I Anthony Parfons, Efq; JJx Philips, Efq; V.ilham Aidmrth, Efq; Ar/.'tnr Stephens, Efq; Tile Honourable- Her- Jdin Seales Efq; | kert, Efq; for Wales. Tlicfc Audit all Accompts of the King's Lands, Re- :mic > Hearth-money, and Taxes given liv Aft of 1 'ur- Inienr. E i ' There 94 Elj.e jfetate Parti! There are alfo feyeral Receivers of the King’s Ren trues, arifingfrom Lands and Rents, whofe Accomptsii Auditors do make up yearly. i ftcmcmlyanccr of tlje tfirfcjFruitffi] r® brancer of Firft-Fruits and Tenths, is Sir Charles Ported whofe Deputy is Hebert Butler ; Mr. William PretyrroJ Mr. Walter Smith, Clerks of the Office. Thefe take! Compofitions for Firft-Fruits andTenths,and make Prod againft fuch as pay not the fame. This Office is ktjti Hattcn-Gatden. 1 There is alfo a Receive? of the Revenue of the M Fruits, who is Arnold Squib , Gent. The Eifiirps d Colleftors of the Tenths, and accompc annually ford fame. ' ®epuf^(£l)anibcrlaill0.] There are alfoTwocd •confiderable Officers,called Deputy-Chamberlains Mr.] Ad), and Mr. Henry hallow, in whofe Office at (fejimta are preferved all the Counterfoils of the Tallies, (who of more anon) fo exaftly ranged by Months and Yd that they may prefently be found out, to be joyncdn their refpeftive Stock or Tally, when thereunto requiitl "Which being done, and proving true, they deliver fl fame, attefted fora lawful Tally, to the Clerk of thcla for to be allowed in thegreatRoll; but in cafe anyta ruption hath been ufed, thefameiseafily, and foone covered, and the Offender feverely punilhed by Fined Imprifonmcnt. fDtlirr ffifficcr#.] There are moreover divers j ther Officers, as Clerk of the Parcels, Clerk of thei chits, the Marfhal, the chief Ulhcr of the Exckjt whofe Office is an Office of Inheritance, Four Uni Ufhers, and Six Mdfcngers, whofe Offices are all in r Gifc of the Chief Uffier, whofe Name is John IPal| Efq; He is alfo by Inheritance l’roclamator of the Co; ■of Common Pleas, and hath the Gift of all the Ufhers all |> ( irt II. of ENGLAND. 95 3 / tie Other fart of the Exchequer , called by fame, the Lower Exchequer, where the King's Revenue is received and disburfed with admi¬ rable Order and Frugality. fHe principal Officer is the Lord Treafurer, of whom 1. fee the Fir]} Part of the Store nf England, this Office is no* executed by S'tdnej Lord GiMphm, kJohUwtherd Limber, Bar. Richard Jiarnp-ten, Efq:. fir Stephen Fox, Kt. Thomas Pelham, Efq; There is oneSccrctary, William Jephfm, Efq; Next Officer is the Chancellor of the Exchequer,- tvlio'' s alfo an Officer of great Account and Authority ; lie mh a principal Power, not only in the Exchequer Court,- tat alfo here, in the managing and difpofing of the King’s levenue; He hath alfo the Cuflody of the Exchequer - leal. He fits in the Court, not only above all the Barons if the Exchequer, bur (asfomefay) above the LordTrca- iirer, having a Superintendency and Controllment over he Lord Treafuret’s Roll. He hath the Gift of the Comptroller of the Pipe, and: if the Clerk of the Pleas, alfo of the Clerk of the Nicbils, nd of the Seal of the Court. He is moreover an Undtr-Treafurcr, and hath the Gifc if the Two Praifers of the Court. This Office is now cn- oyed by Richard Hamfd'^ Efq; aforc-menicncd. Then there are Two Chamberlains of the Exchequer, ir Milas Steward, and Mr. Hylliard, in whofc Curto- )'arc many ancient Records, Leagues, and Treaties tvuh oreign Princes, the Standards of Monies, Weights and Ica ' urcs > r ' 10 k anc,cnt famous Books called D ooms-day. dthe Blacf of the Exchequer, w Z" er is Liber Cenfualii talius Angli e, the 7. ir "ft made by William the Conqueror, wl F a all the Lands of England, with the t reof the for- Baj^of Eng.. cin is defer!- : Value, and their* 96 23 >e jpjeftnt &£ate p art | their Owners Names; it was fix years in making, from the 14H) to the zotli year of that King, and ciljl at firlf, Rotulm Wintonia, but fince named Docms-ii ii oolg , becaufe therein was fet down an exaft Accoti not only of all the Cities, Towns, and Villages of £1 land, but the number of Families, of Men, Soldiers,* Husbandmen, Bondmen, Servants, Cattel ; how ub M oney, what Rent, how much Meadow, Paflure, Wool Tillage, Common, Marfh, Heath, every one poftj and when any one was eited, or any difference artfci bout thofe things, and Taxes, ire. there was no p’*, for denying or deceiving the King (whereof many now make little Confcience, though all good Chriflia ever accounted it a grievous and heinous SinJ whemt Jiool’. was opened, like at it will be at the opening of tj at the great Day of Doom, or General Judgment! the World. This Book is kept under Three Locks 11 Keys, not to be look’d into under 6 s. 8 d, and for cm Line tranferibed, is to be paid 4 d. Next is the Auditor of the Receipts of the £«%,; Sir Robert Howard, whofe Office is to file the Bills of ii Tellers, whereby they charge themfelves with all More received, and to draw all Orders to be figned by the Let High Treafurer, having a Warrant from him firfl fo t do, for i(tag forth all Monies by Vertue of Privy-SuS which are recorded by the Clerk of the Pells, and entc ed in the Office of. the faid Auditor, and lodged io I Office. He alfo by Warrant of the Lord Treafun makes Debentures to the feveral Perfons, who have F« Annuities, or Penfions by Letters Patents from the Kirp out of the Exchequer, and direfls them for Payments the Tellers. He receives every day the State of the A: conipt of each Teller; and alfo weekly certifies tk whole to the Lord High Treafurer, or Lords Conunifli: vers,who immediatelyprefent the Eflimate or Ballance (oil King. He makes half-yearly, at Michaelmas and Lei; da), a Eook called a Declaration, which contains a Mt thodical Abflraft of all Accompts and Payments, mii in the preceding half year, and delivers one of them t the Lord Treafurer, and another to the Chancellor of tl) Exchequer. By him are kept the feveral Regiflers, ipj 98 SClje gjefMtt State p art u ver it over to the other Deputies, to be kept tillitbeal. led for, and joyned with the Stock ; after which, they fend ic by an Officer of their own to the Pipe, to be si 1 plied to the difeharge of the Accomptant, f ] This mod ancient way of flrikingof Tallies hath bet 1 found, by long Experience, to be abfolutely tile heft wii f that ever was invented; for it is morally impoffiblefi I to falfific or counterfeit a Tally, but that upon rcjoyim 1 ir with the Counterfoil, it will be obvious to everyEj s - Mr. Richard Htubani, Deputy Auditor for the North ■ Mr. Thomas Vesbmgb, Uther. Abraham Millen, Meflenger. This Court is kept at Weflminjier, by the Lower h thequer, and the Office of Sir Gilbert Gerrari at fa; hn> Of the High Court of CHANCERY. 1 N Ext to the Kjng's-Bench in itlJlminfler-Hall, is \# I ly placed this High Court, to mitigate the Rigowi I iliac; it is curia CanceltarU, becaufe, as fome think, d 1 Judge of this Court fate anciently infra Cancellos, or L 1 rices, as the Eaft End of our Churches being fepanit 1 pr Cancellos, from the Body of the Church, as pi I culiarfy belonging to the Priefl, were thence calk j Chancels. _ j /This Court is the Officina Jnflitie, the Womb of. | eut Fundamental Laws, the Fountain of all our Prowl 1 ings in Law, the Original of all other Courts. It is 1 1 ancient as the Civility of the Nation, though perhaps! I another Name. ] This Court proceeds, either ordinarily, according! | the Laws, Sratutes, and Cufloms of the Naion, and ii j Latin, granting out Wiits Mandatory and Remedul I Writs of Grace; or elfeaccording to Equity and Co: | fcience, and by Englijh Bill: So that the Cbancert hac | two Courts in one; the Equitable part is by Bills, As ftvcrs, and Decrees, to examine Frauds, Combinations Trufls, Secret Ufes, foe. to moderate the Rigour of tit Laws, and refcue Men out of the Hands of their Opprct j fors: To relieve a Man, efpecially in three things, tip I againfl Cheats, unfortunate Accidents, and Breaches-1 JrufL Oil Part'll of ENGL AN D. iot One of this Court are iQiied ouc Writs, or Summon* for Parliaments, Edifts, Proclamations, Charters, Protc- flions, Safecondufts, Writs of Moderate MifermJia when any Perfon hath been amerced too high, and. for » reaibnable part of Goods for widows and Orphans,. Pat¬ terns for Sheriffs, Writs of Certiorari to remove Record* and Faife Judgments in Inferior Courts, Writs of Audita Simla, and Scire facial: here are fealed and inrolletS Letters Patents, Treaties and Leagues with Foreign Prin¬ ces, Deeds between Party and Party, touching their Lands and Eftates, or Purchafers taking Recognizances*, and making of Extents upon Statutes and Recognizan¬ ces for Payment of Money, or fecuring of Contrafts,. Writs Remedial or Magifterial, CommilTions of Appeal,, Our and Terminer, &c. The Court of Common- Please which are betwixt Subjeft and Subjeft, hath its Original-, and Commiflions from the chancery, and cannot hold Pleas, without ir. For the Mine part of this Court, arc the Twen¬ ty Four Curjitors, and for the Englifh part, are.the.Sis; Clerks. The Court of Equity, that proceeds not according tot fyM, is no Court of Record, and theteforebinds only th*. Perfon, not his Lands or Goods,. Court Of Cl)ftncerp ] The Judge of this Coutt, i*. the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal! of England. He is here the foie Judge, whereas in. other' Courts there are three or four Judges: but he may, and* doth often, in cafes of greater weighe and difficulty, iot cafes of Law, call fome of the ocher. Judges to his aflK Ibnce; and therefore it is faid, this Office may bedif,- charged by. one that is no profelTed Lawyer, as it-, was a|- moft always anciently y and fo-of latter, times by. Sire Cirijiopher Hatton, and after by. Doftor Williams, Bi- (hop of Lincoln, to, their great. Praifc and Comment dation, It is the higheft Dignity, its England ,- that a lay¬ man is capable of, it is Summm. ambient it- animi qtufii filjlitim y.. and the Chancellor! u-Magi/iratum- omim- MJ} a,. Aik- i «■ i 2$)c p'jjfm ©tftte Part II, ‘; M cffcnflytlie Lord Cliancelfcr had fometirhes his Vice- chancellor ;.|commonly called Kfefer of the Great Seal, bn of latter times they differ only in Name. ;'Ih France, he that is made Chancellor, is durante tit}, his Place cannot be taken away, although the Seals may. It is faid there, that he is fo to attend to the: fqle Intereft of the King and People, that he mi ! not be fen’fible of any Relations, or other Confsdera. tidny and therefore may not put himfelf in Mourn, iiigj neither for his own Father, nor for the Hit? himfelf; 5 Chancellors have been in England, as the Learned Sit William Dttgdale finds, as foon as Chriftianity was em. braced by the Saxons. The Chancellor is faid to be Keeper of the King’s Conference, to judge fecttndnm atpum fat bonnm, accord, ing to Equity and Confidence: He is to moderate the d dz.etfoJifcLtoy, the Exaft Rigour and Letter of the Law s whereuntO other Judges are ftriftly tied; for the Prin¬ ces of this Realm (in imitation of the KING of Kings, governing the World by fijlitt Court of-King's and Mercy) have erefted Two Supreme Bench. Tribunals together, at the upper end of Weftminfter-Hall, one of JnJtice, where¬ in nothing but the drift Letter of the Law is obfervedj ahd the other of Mercy, wherein the Rigour of the Law is tempered with the Sweetnefs of Equity, which is nothing elfe but Mercy qualifying the Sharpnefs of ft- jlice. This Court being a Court of Confcience, the Iefs it is perplexed with the Quirks of Lawyers, the more ir is guided by Confcience and Equity y and therefore the Kings of England would have this Court fuperior to the other Tribunals, that fo; if any thing was done amifs by thofc following the Rigour of the Law, here, by good Confcience and Equity , it might be amended: Wherein they followed the Noble Pattern of the Greet Conftantine, Qui omnes fnas leges imperfellas effe what, vt Me fnbditi fui appellaret it ad Epifcopos ; and therefore all former times, the Judges of this Court were dio- fen. out of the Clergy, able Divines, who by their Skill is part II. of E N G L A N D. lo} in the Law of God, and of Nations, were bed able to judge, according to Moderation and Equity, and mod willing to execute accordingly, alfo fitted to difpofc of the King’s Spiritual Benefices. Beftdes, when this High Office was given to Bifhops and Clergy-men, and thereby Wealth, and a Publick Spirit ufually conjoyned ; what great publick Ads of Pi¬ ety and Charity were done by them for this Nation ? To mention only in Oxford, what Noble and Rich Foun¬ dations are Chrift-Cburch, Afngdalens, New-Colledge, and Merm-Celledge ? All founded by Bifhops that were Chan¬ cellors; and on the contrary, fincc the Places of Chan¬ cellor, Treafurer, Privy-Seal, foe. have been ufually in the hands of Lay-men, what one great Work hath been done for the Publick, but only Wealth heaped up for their own private Families ? The manner of proceeding in this Courr, is much like that in the Courts of the Civil-Law, the Aftions by Bill or Plaint, the Witneffes examined in private, the De¬ crees in Englifh or Latin, not in French. No Jury of Twelve Men, but all Sentences given by the Judge of the Court. Sgaffcrjef Of Cl)anctrp.] The Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, hath Twelve Atfidams, anciently called Cle- rici, or Mngiftri Cancellari.e, becaufe they were ufually in Holy Orders, and ail Dottors of Laws; for Mader and Bettors were anciently the fame, as at this day, a I Doftor in the Arts, is called Alagijler in Artibm ; and ! fometimes they were called Coadjutores, f alfcr Of fl)E iKolIfli.] Tile Fird of thefe is the r of the Rolls , in Latin, Sacrorum Scriniorum Ala- gijier, fo called from the Chapptl wherein the Rolls I are kept: It is a Place of great Dignity, and'is in the Gift of the King, either for Life , or during his Maje- fties Plcafure; and this Officer hath, Jure Officii, the Gift of thofe confiderable Offices of the Six Clerks in Cbmrj, hath the keeping of the Rolls, hath all the Houfc of the Converted Jews, now called the Rolls ; and, in the abfenceof the Chancellor, hears Caufcs there, and makes io4 £lje $?Efeut State Partn. makes Orders, by Vertueof aCommiffion, with Two Mi. ftere, and that Jure Officii. When he tits in the Lords Houfe in Parliament, lie fa next to the Lord Chief Juftice of England, upon the St. cond Wool fack. One Rcafon why the Madcrs of Chancer) were ever Chilians, may be, becaufe for all Caufes almofl imagi¬ nable, fome Law, or Cafe conformable thereunto, may be fetched, by a good Chilian, out of that Law of Laws, called the Civil-Law. Another may be, fa caufe the Chancery, more ancient than any other Cow of England, ( for all Original Writs and CommiffioK whereupon the other Courts do ground all their Pro. ccedings, do ground from thence) hath probably bets taken from the Civil-Law, divers Points of Proceed¬ ings not ufed in Common-Law Courts, as the Defendants anfwering to the Bill, and fometimes to the Interro¬ gatories upon Oath, though to the accufing of a Man’s felf in divers matters damageable and penal; by the whole matter of Publication, the Depofition of Witntf- fes upon Interrogatories, and inperpetuam rei memorim, by the term and ufe of final Decree, and many other Points differing from the Common-Law, and wholly agree¬ ing with the Civil-Law. This Court is always open, whereas all the other! are (hut, but only in Term-time; fo that if a Man be wrongfully imprifoned in the Vacation time, out oi Term, the Lord Chancellor may grant his Writ of Hs- teas Corpus, and do him Juftice according to Law; fo likewife may this Court grant Prohibitions in time of. Yn cation, as well as in Term-time. AM p art II. of ENGLAND. A Lift of the feveral Officers belonging to the High Court of Chancery. r Ords Commilfioners of the Great Seal, Sir John Trevor, Kr. Sir William Rawlinfon, Kr. Sir George Hutchins, Kr. The Honourable Hem) Potvle, Efq; Mailer of the RoIIsi w hofe Secretary is Mr. JohnRawlinjon. There are Twelve Mailers of Chancer), whereof the Mailer of the Rolls is one, and arc thefe following : Hem) Towle, Efq; Sir Lacon 1 Vtlliam Chili Sir John Hoskins. Sir John Franckfin: Sir Adam Oatle). Sir Robert Legari. John Edesburj, LL. D. Sir James Afiref. Sir Miles Cook- Roger Meredith, Efqv John Methw)n, Efq; Samuel Keck? Efq; The Salary of thefe Mafters in Cancer;, is One Hun¬ dred Pounds to each of them, paid out of the Eicie- ptr quarterly, beftdes Robe-money. Thefe Mailers do lit at Wtjlminfier-Hall with the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, Three at a time in Term-time, and Two at a time out of Term, when the Lord Keeper fits to hear Caufes at his own Houfe. And to thefe Mailers the Lord Keeper does often refer the further hearing of many. Caufes, i fyc. Furthermore, they have a publick Office, where one or more of them do conllantly attend to take Affidavits, <£)c. Thfi: i'oS £f)c pjtfenc &tate Partll The Houfe founded ac firfl for the Converted was, after their Expulfion out of England, annexe ftr ever to the Office of Mailer of the Rolls, where heltath the cuflody of all Charters, Patents, Commiflions, Deeds, Recognizances, which being made up in Rolls of Parch¬ ment, gave occasion for that Name. Ac prefent there are kept all the Rolls, fincc the begin, ning of Richard the Third : The reft arc kept in the Jma of London. In his Gift arc, befides the Six Clerks Office, tfc Offices of the Examiners, Three of the Clerks of iV.t Pctti-bag, and the Six Clerks of the Rolls Chappel, where the Rolls are kept. Clerk Of the Croton-] Next, the Clerk of the Crown, Henry Barker, Efquire, before-mehtioned : This Office is of high Importance; he is either'by himfelf, ot Deputv, continually to attend the Lord Chancellor, oi Lord Keeper, for fpecial matters of Scare, and hath t Place in the higher Houfe of Parliament: He makes ail Writs for Eleftion of Members of Parliament, fitting in the Parliament, upon Warrant direfted to him upon the Death, or Removal of any Member; and alfo Commit- lions of Oyer and Terminer, Goal-delivery, Commilfionsof Peace, and many other Commiflions diftributing Mice to hisMajeflies Subjefb: Which Office is executed by Mr, Milton, as a Deputy. Protonotary of thisCourt, is Gtrjlelm Snort, Efq; This Office is chiefly to expedite Commiflions for Embaffa It is executed by a Deputy. Clerk of the Hamper, or Hanaper, fometime Ailed Warden of the Hanaper: whofe Office is to receive all the Money due to the King for the Seals of Charters, Patents, Commiflions, and Writs, and to attend the Keeper of the Seal daily in Term-time, and at all times of Sealing, with Leather-Bags now, (but anciently pro¬ bably with Hampers] wherein are put all fealed Char¬ ters, Patents, fyt. and then thofe Bags, delivered to the Comptroller of the Hamper. This Office is now en¬ joyed by Henry Seymour, Efq; and executed by a Deputv, Edward Seymm, Efq; and his Clerk is Geo. Caftle, Gem. p ar t II. of ENGLAND. 107 Warden of the Fleet, or Keeper of the Fleet-Priori, is an Office very confiderable, and is to take care of the 1’fifoners there, who are commonly fuch as are fent thither from this Court, for contempt to the King or his Laws, or fuch as will not pay their Debts, fore. The late Warden of the Fleet , was Thomas Bromhall, Efq; deceafed, the Place is now executed by Richard Man- live, Efqv Serjeant at Arms, is Thomas Cbemck_, Efq; whofc Of- ficcisto bear a Gilt Mace before the Lord Chancellor .or Keeper, for the time being. Six Clerks arc Officers of great Account, next in de¬ gree to the Twelve Matters in Chancery, whofe Office : is to inroll Commiffions, Pardons, Patents, Warrants, i foe. that arc pafled the Great Seal. They were anci- ; ently Ckrki, and afterwards forfeited their Places, if i they did marry, till by Aft of Parliament, in the i Time of Henry the Eighth, they were allowed to take j wives. ■ They are alfo Attorneys for Plaintiffs and Defendants, in Caufes depending in this Court. The prefent Six Clerks, are, Sir Robert Marjkam, Kt. I Littleton Petrel, Efq; Sir William Perkins, Kt. Richard Garth, Efq; Skm Bridges, Efq; | Bafil Herne, Efq; ' who keep their feveral Offices at a place called the Six : Clerks Office in Chancery-lane, and conttanrly keep Com¬ mons togetherin Term-time. Under the afore-named Six Clerks, there are Sixty other Clerks, liy. Ten to each of the Six Clerks, and 1 who, with their Under-Clerks, difpatch the bufinefs of that Office. Some of thefe Sixty do fevcrally get four, , five, or fix Hundred Pounds per annum, or more. Examiners in ctemcery there are Two, William ddderlcy, F.iq; and Francis Torifden, Efq;. Their Office is to exa¬ mine the Witneffes on their Oaths in any Suit on both fideS. This Office alio is executed at the Rolls, Clerks io8 %\)t $)jcfcnt $tate Part H, Clerks of the Pctti-bag in Chancery, are Three, Am, Pengry, Efq; John Lloyd, Efq; and John Date ling, Efq; they are under the Matter of the Rolls. Their Offices to make all Patents for Cuftomers, Comptrollers, all Cotp, it Ejlires, firft Summons of Nobility, Clergy, Knights, Citizens and BurgdTcsto Parliament, ire. The Six Clerks of the Rolls Chappel, are, Samuel 1$. lingworth, Henry Watfon, - Lawton, -HW/iii, William Grimes , Efquircs, and Mr, Horfman, The Subpzna Office is to ifliie out Writs to furamot perfons to appear in Chancery. This Office is in the Hands of Sir/fern; Pane, and ex. ecuted by his Deputy, Mr. Nicholas Hook: Clerk of the Patents, or Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of England, is Sir Richard Pigot. Kt. and exe¬ cuted by a Deputy, Tmmas Brook., Efq-,. This Office was crefted 16 Jacobi primi. The Principal Regiftcr of the Court of Chancery, is the Earl of Dover, under whom are Deputy-Regitters, Hf. George Edwards, Efq; Carew Guidon, Gent. Kegitters tor the Rolls, are, Edward Goldesbrough, Gent. Richard Price, Gent. This Office is kept at SpmontC $ Inn, in Chamrj. lane. Clerk of the Reports, Keeper of the Old Book, and of one of the Entry .Books, Richard Bomford, Gent. Keeper of one other Entry-Book, Robert Devenijh, Gent. The Office for filing all Affidavits in the faid Court ol Chancers, is an Office granted by Letters Patents, of which Office Samuel Pointer, Efq; is Matter, and his Deputy is Mr. Williams. This Office .is now kept at Symoni i-Im is Chancery-lane. . Curfitors Office in the Chancery, is to make out Original Writs; they were anciently called Clerici de curfir, of tilde there are Twency Four, whereof each one hath certain Counties and Cities allotted to them, into which they make out fuch Original Writs as are required. Thefe Clerks are a Corporation of themfelres, whofe Names follow. Part II. of ENGLAND. 109 The Names of the Curfitors are tbefe, Mr. A Brabam Ntlfon, Principal, for Suffolkjtnd Httn- j jl tington. I Mr. Michael Terri, for Nottingham, and Northampton. i Mr. George Davies, for Devon. ! Mr. Abraham Sljnner, for Ejfex and Berios. , : Mr. Matthew Colbortte, for Derby and Hertford. ' Mr , Samuel Layton, J Mr. Henry Csfar, » ■ Mr. John Hoa>kjns, for Lincoln- . Mr. John Hungerford, Efq; for Tur^and Weftmerland. Mr. Francis King, for Cambridge and Glocefter. Mr. William Reynolds, for Southampton and Warwick. : Mr. Charles Pickering, (or Norfolk, and Cumberland. Mr. William Finch, for Dorfet and Northumberland. ; Mr. John Paget, for Smerfet. ; Mr. George Sborthofe, for Kent. Mr. John Httjjey, for Leicefler and Corner all. . Mr. Stephen Terry, for Surry, and Salop. '■ Mr. Osbalflon Newman, for Hereford and Monmouth. Mr. Robert Hart, for Oxon and Rutland. Mr. Jeremy Hale, for Stajford and Wilts. > Mr, Richard Plumpton, for Bucks and Bedford. Mr. William Wickcliffe, for SuJJex and Wigorn, .; who execute thefe Offices by thcmfclves, or by their De- ; furies. This Office is kept near Lincolns-Inn. Secretary of the Prefenration of Spiritual Benefices, John Edowes, Efq; ^limation-Slffirf-] There isalfo an Office called the Alienation-Office, wkereunto all Writs of Covenant ■and Entry, whereupon Fines arc levied, and Recoveries fnlfered, are carried to have Fines for Alienation fetaitd ; paid thereupon. This Office is executed by Three Com- ‘miflioners, vi%. Peregrine Bertie, Efq; William Gian • .wt>,Elq; and James Sanderfon,E(q\ who fet thofe Fines." Richard Courlhop, who indorfes the Value of the Lands upon thole Writs. In all arc counted Seventy Two Offi- mo %\)Z $jefent.fc>tate Part H. CCS under the Lord High Chancellor of England. Mr.K'ii- taker, Receiver of thofe Fines, and charier Brooks, Porter of the Office. Ail the fore-mentioned Courts of Judicature at HW1. minjle'r, are opened Four times a Year, called the Four Terms, viz. _ „ SCmilS.J Eakhr-Term, which beginneth always the Seventeenth Day after Eajfer, and lafleth Twenty Sc. 'ven Days. 71 inify Term begins the yt/j day after 7>inify Sunday, and laffech ao days. Michaelmas Term began heretofore a little after that Fealt, but now by a late Statute, begins the 13d of Oils her, and lafleth 37 days. Lafily, Hilary Term begins now ten days after St. Hihr\, Bifhop, or the 23 d of January, and lafleth 21 days; fo in all 105 days, from whence mull be deduced about :c Sundays and Holy-days, which arc as Dies Nefafli, where, in the Courts fit not; fo that in one fourth part of the Year, and that in one City, all confidcrable Caufes of the grcatefl part of England, are fully decided and determi¬ ned *, whereas in Foreign Tarts the Courts of Jufiice art open all the Year, except high Holydays and Harvefi, and that in all great Cities. This may feem therefore flrange to all Foreigners, till they know that the EngliJIo hate always been given more to peaceablenefs and induftry, than other People, and that rather than go fo far as London, and he ac fo great Charges with Attorneys and Lawyers, they will either refer their Differences to thf Arbitration of their Parifh Pried', who do, or ought to think it a principal part of their Duty to reconcile Diffe¬ rences withi". their Parifhes, or to the Arbitration of ho¬ ne'll Neighbours ; or elfe are content to fubmit their Diffe¬ rences to Tryal before the Judges of Alfizes, called alfo Juftices in Eyre, or the Itenerant Judges, who twice a year, after the End of of Hilary Term, and after the End of Trinity Term , two by two of thefc principal -Judges ride feveral Circuits, and at the principal Town of every County, fit to hear and determine all Caufes of Iefler moment, both Civil and Criminal; a mofl Excellent Wife Conflitution begun by Ring Henry the Second, Ar.ro Part II. of E N G L A N D. in II7 6, who at firft divided England into Six Circuits (not thefame chatare now"}, and co each Circuit allotted three Judges. Wales alfo is divided into two Circuits, North and South Wales, for which arc defigned in like manner, two Sergeants at Law for each Circuir. Thefe Judges give Judgment of the Plea< of the Crown, and all Com¬ mon- Pleat within thofe Counties, difpatchiug, ordinari¬ ly in two or three Days, all Controverfies in a County, that are grown to llfue in the forementioned Courts at Lmkn, between Plaintiffs and Defendants, and that by their Peers, a Jury of Twelve Men, ex vicineto, out of the Neighbourhood, whereabout the Bufinefs lies. So that twice a year in England and Wales, Juftice may be faid to be rightly and fpcedily adminiftred, even at our own doors. Of the Government of Counties, &C. H iving given a brief Account of the Civil Govern¬ ment of all England in General, next (hall be deferi- bed the particular Government of Counties, Hundreds, Cities, Boroughs and Villages. Suffices Of fl)C JQCiirr.] For the Civil Government of all Counties, the Ring makes choice of fome of the Nobility, Clergy, Gentry, lawyers, Men of Worth and Parts, who have their ufual Refidence in the County, fo many as his Majefty plcaferh, to keep the Peace of the County; and thefe, by Commiflion under the Great Seal, ate called juftices of the Peace, at firft (tiled’ Wardens of the Peace, andfuchof them in whom the King doth more particularly confide or refpeft, are called Juftices of the Qipnim, from thofe words in the Commidion, Quorum A. li. mm ij]e ulmm, that is, fome bufinefs of more Importance may not be trunl'aftcd without the pretence or concurrence of one of them. One of the principal Juftices of Peace, and Quorum-, is by the Lord Chancellor made Cujhs Rotukrum, lb called, btcaufe 112 HfrPieftnt &tate Part IL becaufe he hath the cuftody cf 'he Rolls, or Records of the Seffions, and is to bring tnem to each Quarter-Sef. fions. The Original of Juftices of the Peace, is from the firft year of fi/nW the Third. Their Office is to call before them, examine, and com¬ mit to Prifon all Thieves, Murderers, wandring Rogues, thofe that hold Confpiracics, Conventicles, Riots, andal- mod all other Delinquencies that may occafion the Breach of Peace and Quiet to the King’s Subjcfls; to commit all fuch to Prifon, as either cannot, or by Law are not to be bailed; thac is, cannot be fet at liberty by Sureties, (taken for their Appearance at a Place and Time certain ) and to fee them brought forth in due time to Tryal, Every Quarter, or Three Months, the Juftices meet at the chief, or Sh'irc-Town, where the Grand Inqudt, or Jury of the County is fummoned to appear, who up¬ on Oath are to enquire of all Traitors, Hercdcks, Con- ventiders, Thieves, Murtherers, Money-coyners, Riots, foe. Thofe that appear to be guilty, arc by the faid Ju¬ ftices committed to Prifon, to be tryed at the next Affiz«, when the Judges at H'ejlminjhr come their Circuits afore¬ mentioned- For the Execution of Laws in every County, except Wejlmorhtnd and Durham, the King every jT/fciite/tnrfj Term nominates for each County a Sheriff; that is, a Reeieoi the Shire, Prspifitm, or Puftflm Cmitams , a Govcr- nour or Guardian of the County; for the words of tlx Patent are, Ccmmidimiu tibi cnftodiitm Cwntauu mjlii de N. The Sheriff’s Office is to execute the King’s Mandates, and all Writs direfled to him, out of the King's Courts, ro Empannd Juries, to. bring Caufcs and Criminals to Tr; al, to lee the Sentences both in Civil and Criminal Af¬ fairs executed; to waiton, and guard the Itinerant Judges twice a year, fo long as they continue within the Coun¬ ty, which at the Affizes is performed with great l’ctnp, Splendor, heading, foe. In order to the better fae- cutionof his Office, the Sheriff hath Attendant his lln- dcr-Sheriff divers Clerks, Stewards of Courts, tailiflso_j Part II. of E N G L A N D. n j Hundreds, Conftables, Goalers, Sergeants or Beadles, be- fides a gallant Train of Servants in Rich Liveries, all on Horfc- back at the Reception of the Judges. He was anciently chofen as Knights of the Shire; bur, to avoid tumults, it is now thus: Every Year, about the beginning of November, the Judges Itinerant nominate Six fit Men of each County; that is, Knights or Efquires of good E(fates; out of thefe the Lord Chancellor, Treafurer, Privy-Councel- lors, and Twelve Judges affemble in the Exchequer- Cfomkr, and fworn, make choice of Three; of which i the King bimfclf after chufeth One to be Sheriff for that ! Year only, though heretofore it was for many Years, |and fometimes Hereditary ; as at this day to the clif- iprds, who, by Dcfcent from Robert de Vipont, are She- iriffs Hereditary of the County of Wejlmirltmd, by Char¬ ier from King John. ; $!)Criffff.] Furthermore, the Sheriffs Office is to jcolleftall publick Profir, Cufloms, Taxes of the County, jail Fines, Diffrefies and Amerciaments, and to bring them jintothe King’s Exchequer, or Treafury at London, or clfe- I'vhere, as the King (hall appoint. | The Sheriff of each County hath a double Funfti- !on, Firft, Miniflerial, to execute all Proccll'cs and Pre¬ cepts of the Courts of Law, and to make Returns of •the fame. Secondly, Judicial, whereby he hath Au¬ thority to hold Two fevcral Courts of diffinft Na¬ ture, the one called the Sheriff's Turn, which he liold- jeth in fevcral places of the County, enquiring of all •.Criminal Offences againfl the Common-Lav, not prohibi¬ ted by any Statute: The other called the Cmntj-Coitrt, ."herein lie hears and determines Civil Caffes of the County under Forty Shilling', which anciently was a ronlidcrablc Sum ; fo that by the great fall of Moneys ‘now, the Sheriffs Authority in that pan is much dimi- iiiOicd. i He is Paid to be the Life of Juftice, of the Law, .and of the County ; for no Suit begins, and no Pro- !«'h is ferved but by him; then, no Execution of the law but by him. Lalily, he is the chief Confcrvator i 114 %\)Z gjefcnt State Part 11, of the Peace in the whole County. Every County being fubdivided into Hundreds, ( fo called at firft either for containing an Hundred Houfes, or an Hun. dred Men bound to find Arms) or Wapentakes, fo called from touching a Weapon, when they fvyore 4 legime, fas the manner at this day is in Sweden, at their folcmn Weddings, for the chief Witncfles to lay a' their Hands upon a Launce or Pike) every fuch V.'i. pentafee, or Hundred, hath commonly a Bailiff a«. ry ancient Officer, but now of fmall Authority ; alio ^Officers called High-Ccnfahles, firft ordained by th Statute of lYinchefter, 13 Edw. 1. for the confervatioo of Peace, and view of Armour, they difperfe Warrata and Orders of the Juliiccs of the Peace to each P«. ty-Conftable. Coroner#.] There are alfo in every County Tus Officers called Comers, whofe Office is to enquire by i Jury of Neighbours, how, and by whom any Perfa came by a Violent Death, and to enter the fame upon Record, which is Matter Criminal, and a Plea of the Crown.; and thence they are called Cromm or Comers, Thefc are chofen by the Freeholders of the Coun¬ ty, by Venue of a Writ out of the Chancery. They were anciently Men of Eftatcs, Birth, and tlonouii and therefore in the Reign of Edrcatd the Third, 1 Merchant being chofcn a Coroner, was removed , pit communis Mercator fiat, Whereas lie ought to have ben a Gentleman, which no Tradefntan is reckoned to It by our Laws. Clerk Of the ©arkft.] Every County alfo hath a Officer, called Cleik of the Mercate, whofe Office is tt keep a Standard of all Weights and Mcafures csuftly, according with the King’s Standard kept in the Enfajitt, and to fee that none others he ufed in the fame County i tofeal ail Weights and Mca lures nude tsaftly by the Stan¬ dard in hi; cuflody, ami to burn fuch as arc otherwife. Hi hath a Court, and may keep and hold a Plea therein. (j S$e4Piefc«t Cliticg ] In Cities the People are generally madt! more indultrious bv Manufafturcs, and lefs Idlencfs g j fered than in otlter place;; fo that in fome Cities, Chi!! dren of Six or Seven Years old, are made to gain tliei i own Expcnces. In the City of Kormch , it hath c j late Years been computed, and found , that yearly 1 Children from Six to Ten Years of Age, have gain,; Twelve Thoufand Pounds more than what they fpecJ, and that chiefly by knitting of fine /er/ey Stockings, 33020Ua!)*f] The Government of Boroughs, and c- chcr Towns corporate, is much after the fame mama In fome there is a Mayor, in others, one or two Eaili who have Equal Power with a Mayor and Sheriffs; as during their Offices, they are Jufticcs of the Peia within their Liberties , and have there the fan Power that other Juftices of the Peace have in t! County. ffliilhW#.] F° r tl,e better Government of Vila ges the Lord of the Place hath ordinarily power: hold a Court. Bam , fo called, becaufc anciently ftt Lords were called Barms, as they are (fill in many oik parts of France : or elfe Court Baron, Ci. i'O Court of fa holders, as the Barons of Germany arc called Fre>hemr,i the Barons of the Cinque-Ports in England arc but theft? holders of the Cinque-Ports: And tills Court may be lit every Three Weeks. Alfo for the Government: Villages, there is a Petty-Omjlable cliofen every year, every one chat is Lord of the Place: This Officer is i keep the Peace, in cafe of Quarrels y to fcarch any Hcl for Robbers, Murdeiers, or others that have any yii broken the Peace; to railc die Hugh and Cry after Rot* fled away, ro feizc upon them, and keep them in the» ■ or other Prifon till they can bring diem before Ionic J flice of Peace, to whom the Conflablesarc fublervier.tr on all Occasions, cither to bring Criminals before tlwl or to carry them by their command, to the common it Part IL of ENGLAND. 267 Every little Village hath almoft an Epitome of Monar¬ chical Government, of Civil and Ecclefiafiical Polity within it felf; which, if duly maintained, would render die whole Kingdom happy. £0!D0f t!)C ^nih’J Firff, for the Civil Government there is the Lord of the Soil, who fromthe Crowi. im¬ mediately, or mediately, holds Dom'mmm Soli, and is uid toluvciahiin the Royalty, as if he were a little King, and hath a kind of Jurifdiuion ever the Inhabitaius of the Village, hath his Court Leer or Coun Burnt, to winch they owe Suit and Service, and w litre may u c tried finallcr matters happening within the Mannor, hftlitats upon Fe¬ lonies, or other Accidents; cuflody of L fantsand Luna- licks, power of palling Effaces, and admitting of Te¬ nants, Reliefs, Harriots, Hunting, Hawking, Fiihing, jjc. Under the Lord is the ConAablt or Hcadborough, to keep the Peace, to fccure Offenders, to bring them before the Judicc, ire. Then for the Ecclefiaflical Government of Villages, there is, f as before hath been mentioned) the Parfon or Vicar, who hath Curm Animarum, the cure of Souls, (:s the Lord of the Mannor hath, in fomc mcafurc, Cm urn CurporumJ for which he hath the Tubes, Glebe, and Church-offerings; hath under him the Chunbwurdens and SiJes-mcn, to take care of the Chuich, and Church Alfcm- blics; the Ove’fcers of the Poor, to take care of the Poor licit, Aged, Orphans, and other Objefb of Charity ; and artly, the Cle i(g to wait upon him ac Divine Service, j Thus admirable and excellent is the Couftituuon of the ,1 indent Government, above or beyond any other jt jovcrnmcncin Chriftcndom. 0 flltliMtlU An'litfnii — bm.t fi fu.t rnritt If Enilijlimen did know their Elifs, Too great would be their Happinels. F 1 Of 2 63 ffif)e$}erm£>tate Partif. Of the Military Government of England, . I T was a (mart Mart that the Great Henry, the Fourtlitt France, Great Grandfather to our Gracious^Kisignos Reigning, caufcd to be engraven on his great Gain;, Sej ultima Regum : intimating thereby, That when Subjcft refufe to fubmit to the Laws of the Land, or Neighbor to the Law of Nations; then Kings have recourfe b F orce and Arms, to bring them to Rcafon. So long as Subjefts are prone to Sedition, and Neigh bour Princes and States to Ambition, there will be aNe celfity of a Military Power in every- State, both by Laid and iikewife by Sea, where the Country is any where be dering on the Sea. Of the Military Power of England, both by Land a Sea, the King of England hath the foie Supreme Pom Government, Command, and Difpofition. And neitk one nor both Houfes of Parliament, have any Right t levy any Forces, or make any War offenfive or defer five, as they have at large declared in Parliament, An 14 Car. 2. Eefides his Majefties Guards and Granadiers of Her (whereof fee the firft Part) there are Two Regime: of Foot Guards, the one commanded by the Dukti Ltnjkr, confiding of 18 Companies of 80 private St diers in each Company : The Second Regiment! Guards, called the Cold-ftrcam Regiment, commanded! Major General Talmafb, confiding of 14 Companies : 80 private Men in each Company. .. A Regiment, commanded by the late Maj. Gen. M Prince George's Regiment, commanded by Brigade Charles Churchill. A Regiment, commanded by Colonel Charles Trek* 1 Brigadecr. The Royal Regiment of Fufilicrs, commanded bye Earl of Marlborough. H part ft cf ENGLAND. 1*9 The Princefs Ann of Denmark s Regiment of Foot, commanded by Colonel Beaumont- The reft of his Majcflics eftablifhed Forces that are in conlhnt Pay, being Non-Regimcnted Companies, are difpofedof insofcvcral Garrifons, the names of which are as follow, gen vick., whereof Colonel Leveftn is Governour, and Baffrr Billingjhy Lieutcnant-Governour. There arc Thirteen Companies always do Duty in this Garrifon. Corlijk. Jcrom Bulb Efq;- Governour, Three Com¬ panies docs Duty litre. Cbcjlcr. Sir John Morgan, Governour. Here are five Companies do Duty in this Garrifon. Ditrr, and Ctnjue Pom, Colonel Beaumont, Gover- ncur. One Company at Dover. Oravefend and Tilbury, William Selma, Governour, and R'beri St. Clare, Eft;; Lieuetenant-Governour. Five Companies does Duty there. Omnfci- Chriflopher Lord Hatton, Governour; and Alexander Alix, Deputy-G'overnour. Here are Six Com¬ panies. My-ljand. Colonel' Leveftn, Governour of Berwick. aud Holy-Ifland. Ml and the B heksboufe. The Right Honourable, Tomas Marquifs of Carmarthen, Governour; Charles Osbim Efq; Lieutcnant-Governour. Eight Companies on Duty here. Hurfl-CajUc. Henry Holmes, Efq; Governour. Jerfcy Ijlmd. Lord Jermyn, Governour; Edward Hatrlt Tfq; lieutenant-Governour. Seven Companies here. F 3 Lar.dgwdr a 7 o 2CI)c pictent fettte' Partli LamHimd-Fm. Admiral Killigrem, Governour; and : Francis Hamrnd Lieutenant Governour. One Company' docs Duty there. St. M,m\- Caflte. Sir Jsfepb Tredenham, Governour, i There is one Company of the neighbouring Inbabitarej to reprr thither by Culloni, whenever there (lull licOc. 1 calion of Service. And the Cafllc is kept by his Mr jtfties Gunners. Fcndenr.is-Caflk. Earl of Bath, Governour; antirh honourable Captain Waddon the Deputy-Govcrnour. Hen is one Company. Pbrnmib and Sr. Nkhhs IJ.md , the Right Honourable the Earl of Bath, Governour; and Major fliroly, li® tenant- Governour. Here are in this Garrifon in all Elite: Companies. Ptrtfrnoath. The Honourable Major General Talmtjb Governour; and John Gibfon Elq; Deputy Governour. There are in all . wenry three Companies of Root, ar. Two Troops of Dragoons, which do duty in this Oar rifon. Sandom-Cajlle, Governour. Shecrnefs , Robert Cranford Efq; Governour; and Colonel Thomas King, Deputy-Govcrnour ; and Thru Companies. Scilly-Ijlvid Earl of Bath, Governour; Sidnep GvB pbin Efq; Lieutenant Governour. Only Four' Gunnen there. Tmmontb-Cajik. Hem} VHtiers Efq; Governour. Two Companies there. Tomer of London, wherein arc always Eighty Comp* niesat conftant Duty; the Right .Honourable Kotor Lord Lucas, Governour; Colonel Tarwell, Lieutenant-Gover¬ ned 17 1 2E&eJD?«fentfrtate A Captain-?---- An Enfign---•- A Corporal and Drummer, each- A private Souldier or Sentinel-- — The firfl General Officer is the Pas-Majlcr Geutcl all the Land-Forces, the Right Honourable Earl of Ri nelagb, whofe principal Clerks are, Charles Tolliir Mr. Roger f)ei vyt, Surveyor alfo of the Guard;, jj W r. Roger Sirer. Next is the Commiflary General of the Muflcrt, 4 Right Honourable the Earl of Suffix, and his chic Deputy-Commiffary in London, is David Cranford, Efquiit who gives Orders to all the other Deputies, as His Ms jellies Service requires; Eefides whom there are eigf; other Dcputy-Commiflaries, lig, Evan WiItiamr, Efq, I George Righion, Efq; George Wabup, Efq; Henry Houghton, Efq; Charles Bawdier, Ef; Rohers Allgood, Efq; Gilbert Marflrall, Efq; | John Frances, Efq; PhjUip te Hardy for Gmnfey and Jerfey. Samuel Barrow for Stilly, Thcfe have their diflinfl Circuits in the Country, fa muttering the Forces which lye in the feveral Garrifoas. The Secretary at War, is William Blathwait, Efq; whof chief Clerks is Adam de Hardened, and Mr. John to w; Mcffengcr to the Secretary, is Mr. John Tlrurflon. Thefe three confiderablc Offices arc kept at the Horft Guard. The Judge-Advocate, is George Clarke, Efq; The Scout-Mafler-Gencral, is Colonel James Haifa!, Tlte Adjutant of all the Horfc Guards, is Captaii Ogletlrorp. The Cliyrurgcon-General, is Paul Buifeere, The part II. 0! TE N G L AND. 173 The Marfhal of the Horfe-Guards, is Peter s •••'• Efquire. ®f fl)C CanDitlg f^ilitia.] Bcfides the fore-r tioned Forces, there is a (landing Militia by Land, t | £»*W, fettled in the King, to be governed, ordirer enlarged from time to time, as his Majefly (hall ice fion. For the management of thefe (landing I.and-Kor, ■ the King himfelf makes choice of divers of the prinupal Peers ol this Kingdom, and by Commiffion creates them Lord-Lieutenants of the fcvcral Counties of England, ] with Power to Arm, Array, and form into Companies, iiTroops, and Regiments, to conduct (upon occafion of SRcbellion, or Irivafions) and employ the Men To armed, Iwithin the Counties and Places, for which |the faid Lords are Commilfionated, or in- Lord Lieue- (to any other County, as the King (hall give mnts. jorder- To give Coreiniflions to Colonels, |or other commiffionated Officers, to pre- Vcpittj-Liei:- |ent to the King the Names of the Deputy- tenants. lieutenants, who have, in the abfcnce of |he LordTieutenanr, the fame Po.wcr (and thefe are to lie of the prime Gentry of the Country) to charge any yerfon in the County with Horfe, Horfcmcn and Arms, •or Foot-Soldiers and Arms, within the faid County, pro- portionably to their Eflatcs, with Limitation, that no perfonbecharged with a Horfe, unlcfs he hath .500 /. fearly Revenue, or dooo /, pcrfonal Eflate. No per¬ son can be charged with a Foot-Soldier, unlcfs he hath 50 /. yearly Revenue, or 600 /. pcrfonal Eflate. Thofc that have meaner Eflates, aretojoyntwo or three togo jj! cr > t0 find a Horfe and Horfeman, or a Fooc-Sol- | The forementioned Horfe and Foot are to Mu (ter once ■L t 3ni * Henry Duke of Norfolk: City 6f Norwich. i Bucks, John Earl of Bridgwater. Cinque-Ports, Colonel John Beaumont. Cornwal, ‘Dew» > afitaft Sir Samuel Dafbwood, Kc. Pit. Houblon. Part II, Sir Benjamin fkorowgood. Sir William Afhurfi, Hr. Sir Humpbre > Edwin, Kc. Sir John Fleet, Kc. Sir Benjamin Newland, Kc. Sir Thomas Fowles, Kc. Sir John Matthews, Kc. Sir Mem) Jfhurft, Ear. Sir John Leithieuher, Kc. Sir Be ter Vandeput, Kc. Sir William RujJ'el,Kt. Sir Jet- Sambroolp,Kc. Sir William Hedges, Kc. Sir Jjkn Mordant, Bir. Sir Gab. Roberts, Kc. Sir Francis Child , Kr. Sir Ed>v. Clarl Kc. Sic Jshn Houblon, Kc. Sir John Cutler, Kc. Sir Edw. D es-Bovery, Kc. Sir James Ward, Kc. Sir Robert Adams, Kc. Sir Thomx Permit, Kc. Sir Ralph Box, Kc. Sir Chr Leitbieulier, Kc. Sit William Hajfey, Kr. Sir Jofeph Herne, Kc. Sir Tmmas Cool;, Kc. Tho, Papi/ien. Tho. Frederick Will Kiffin. Jof Birch. Edw, Underhill. Geo. Sitwell. Tho. Wefiern. Jo. JolliJe. Ch. Thorold. Hath. Tench. Fra. chamberlain, Ja Hudftm. Tho. Laniham. James Houblon. Leon. Robinfon. Will. Janet. Dan. Mercer. And. Kendrick Jo. Flavil. Rob Whittinjoam. Wtl. Warren. John Rxjley. Fran. Gosfrigbt, nil. Seaven. Jo. Poach. Jo. Johnfon. Sam. Fowel. Jof. Bowles. Ab. Wejjfell. Walt. Coventry. James Denew. Jo. Striven. Da. Alim. Ralph Grainge. Rob. Raworlh. Fra. Moore. Tho. Shaw. Jo C 4 of B.#« Will Faulkner. Ja. Bodington. Hen. Hatley. Jo. Adams, jer. Whitchat. Per. Gilburn. Ja. Chamberlain. Jo. Kent. Rich. Ada. Jo. Nichols. Tho. Coif on. Nic. C Jo. Midgley. Edmund Beacker. Will. Gore. Will. Withers, Part II. o&ENPLAND. 17? Kick. Hotwe. leaf. Nightingale, ft. Smith, fttimby. Rich. Beauchamp. Kick, KormnfeU. U Smart, mb. Bedding field. Peter Joic. Wil Metier, ft Stevenlon. Wil. Ca.penter. Arthur Baron. Will Tempeft. Pet. F/ojer. Pager Warm. Hen. Clar\e. Jo. Cenex. Jo. Sawjcr. Tk. Wood. Jeof. Jefferies. Nath. Hastes. Will. Strong. Jo. Jefferies. Adr. Quiney. Jo. Wallis. Jo. Eall. Rich. Pearce. Edmund Boulter, Efquircs. Clerk, John Bsrret. Muficr-Maftcr, Jo/. Hide. Meffenger, Ben. leech. Or any Seven or more of them, whereof Three of the Quorum to be there. ; Of the prejent Maritime Tower belonging to the Own of England. T H E Kingdom of England being a Peninfula , almofl furrounded with the Sea, there will always be a Ne- ccflity of Maritime Forces ; and as next Neighbours grow potent at Sea, the King of England will be necefli- ! rated to augment his Maritime Forces proportionable (how great foever the charges thereof may be) or clfe to quit his ancient Right to the Soveraigmy of the Nar¬ row Seas, and to fuller his Merchants to be abufed, and their Traffick every where intcriuptcd. It is true, that in the 24th of EHiabctk, upon a ge¬ neral View and Muller, there were found but 13 Ships of War, and 135 Ships of confidcrable burden, belonging to all the Subjects of England. And in the Year 1 doc. her Ma- • So SC !)t JBjefettt feta,? Part II, Majefty had but 3^ Ships of War, and 13 or 14 Pinaccs. the biggefl Ship was then of a 1000 Tnn, carried 34, Mariners, 130 Soldiers, and but Thirty Pieces of Orj. nance: the Idler Ships of War were of too Tun, Forty or Fifty Mariners, Seven or Eight Soldiers, and Eight Guns. The Pinaces of Thirty Tun, Eighteen or Twemv Mariners, and Twoor Four Guns; fo fmall was the Royj| Fleet in thofe days, when our next Neighbour-Nations were weak, and always engaged with Civil and Foreign Wars; but now, chat their Strength at Sea is of late ft prodigioufly increafcd, it will be mod expedient for rift Kingdom to be always well provided. And Gcd he thanked, we have a King that underftands and tako delight in Maritime Affairs, and Ships of War; and who hath made it his chief bufmefs that way to for. tifie this Kingdom. The -Forces of Potentates at Sea, Sent da Mmptt di Grandeur d ’ Elhit , faith a French Author, whofo- ever commands the Sta, commands the Trade of tilt World ■, he that commands the Trade, commands the Wealth of the World, and confequently the World it fe If. Again, as he that is Mafler of the Field, is feid to be Mafter of every Town , when it fttall pleafe him j fo he that is Mafter of the Sea, mayj in fome fort, be faid to be Mafter of every Countrey, at lead of fuch as are bordering on the Sea; for he is at liberty to-be- gin, and end a War, where, and upon what terms l.e pleafeth, and to extend his Conguefts, even to the At- tipedes. To the Crown of England belongs the Dominion of ill the Narrow Seas round about the whole Jfland of Gnat Britain , by ancienc Right thereof it hath lwd Pof* feflton in all Times. Firft, the Aborigines , or ancient Britains, were pofleft thereof, (as Mr. Selden makes ap¬ pear) and in their Right the Romans held it; then the Saxons having gotten I’oflellion of Fngland, kept that Dominion, their King Edgar, amongft liis -Royal Titles, calling himfelf Sovereign of the,Hamm. Sen. | Part II. of ENGLAND. 2 8r Afterwards the Normans poUfling England, claimed, ami quietly polled the fame Dominion; in Tedimony whereof, the Swedes, Danes, Hnns-Tams, Hollanders, Ztalmdets, Etc. were wont to ask leave to pafs the Bri- tjfb Seas, and to take Licences to filh therein, and to this day do drike Sail to all the Ships of War belonging to the King of England, as oft as they pafs by any one of them, thereby to exprefs, that they acknowledge the Sovereignty of the Hritijb Seas to belong to the King of England, according to an Ordinance made ac Hafiings in Suffer, by John, King of England, about four hundred and fifty years ago. To maintain this Right and Title, to proteft Trade, to liibduc Pirates, to defend this Kingdom agair.d ho- flile Invafions, and to reduce Foreign Potentates to Reafon, the Kings of England have had ( cfpecially of latter times) a confiderable number of Ships of War, for Strength, for Beauty, and Sailing, (if not for Num¬ ber) lurpallillg all thofe of cur Neighbour-Nations: For Strength, by reafon of the mod Excellent Engh/lTim- her, they ate like fo many Heating Cafiles and B.irbi- ms ; for Beauty, fo proportionably and lpacioufly builc, land fo curioufly and richly adorned, that they are as fo many Royal Palaces (amongd other Ships at Sea,) they arc as lo many Lyons amongd other filly Beads, or as Ea* [gits amongd other Birds. | Hijhries mention a great Fleet of Julius Cafar, aFIeet ,of the afore-mentioned King Edgar, confiding of Three jThoufand Six Hundred Sail; a Fleet of Lewis, Son to ‘Philip, King of France, of Six Hundred Sail, chat arri¬ ved at Sandwich, to aflid the Engltflo Barons againft )fing John-, but thofe doubtlefs were but as fo many Collages to Cafiles, in refpeft of the prefent Ships of IVar. Hem) the VIII. in the fifth year of his Reign, built a hip, then accounted the greacefi that ever had beenfecn a England, and named it //wiry Grace de Vieu, or the Great r f*)i it was of a loooTun, In the Eighth year of King James the Fird, was built ? the Londoners, a Ship of 1200 Tun, and called, The Hides Increafe, which being Iod in the Eajl Indies, King a8i £f)C ^icfent &tatc Part It James caufcd another to be built, of 1400 Tun, which being given to Prince Hem) , was by him named the Prime. King Charles the Marty, perceiving the greac increafc of Shipping in our Neighbour Nations, and that the So- veraigney of thefe Seas was like to be difputcd, among! orher greac Ships of War, built one greater than an; Ship of War, either in England, or in any emit) cl Europe, and named it The Rval Sneraign-, which, hr a little Diverfion, Hull here be more particularly dc- feribed. The Rout Soveraign, being a Ship of the firft Rate « Rank, built in the tear One thoufand fix hundred thirty and leven, is in length by the Keel, One hundred enti¬ ty feven Foot, in breadth by the Beam, Forty feven Foci, in depth, Forty nine Foot, her draught of Water, Tra¬ cy one Foot, of Burden, in all, Tv.o thoufand It vent; and two Tuns, and 1491 Tuns, befidcs Guns, Tackle, foe. This mighty moving C.ilf/ela'h fix Anchors, where¬ of the biggefl weighs 60 00 Ifc. and the lealt ggco it), I: hath 14 Cables, whereof the greatefi is a 1 Inches in coni- pjfs, and weighs 6:00 pound, her l.afl Cable being Eiglt Inches in compafs, weighing near 1900 pound. To the Ro)al Sovereign belong Eighteen Afajls ard Yards, whereof the greatefi, called the Alain M,ijl, ii One hundred and thirceen Foot long, and Thirty Eigh: Inches Diameter; her Main-Tard tc; Foot long, and 13 Inches Diameter, and her M.dn-Tp, Fifteen Foot Diame¬ ter : She hath Ten fevcral forts of Sails of fevcral Name-, (as every Ship of every one of the firfl Rate hath) where¬ of her greatefi Sail, called her Main-cornfe, (together with her Banner) contains One thoufand (is hundred ad forty Yards of Canvafe, Itfwvh double, and the lead Sail called Fore-top Gallant Sail, contains One hundred ad thirty Yards of Canvafe. The charge of one complex Sure of Sails for the Sovereign, is 404 l. Sterling-Money. The weight of the Sea-flore, in point of Ground Tackle, and other Cordage, is Sixty Tuns, Eight hundred and odd pounds. gjcfcnt State Part II. a«4 Hire follow etb a Lift if the greateft fart of thi Ships of War, whereof Thar Majefties Navj Royal Catharine, Vidory. Henry. French Ruhy. Sr. George. Triumph. 1050 540 1020 530 I CIO 530 $63 $10 Rainbow. £17 4 10 Windfor-Caflle, Hew. 660 Vanguard, New. 13 "'7 (6 ° Dutchefs, Neve. *-,5 S Albermarlc, New, >,utH. or ENGLAND. 28j Ships. Tuns. Men. Guns. the Duke, New. igco 660 90 rhe Neptune, Hew. 1^0 660 90 riic Olfory, New. 15:0 600 90 linear i’ortfmouth. 13.00 C60 po Third Rate. Ships. Ann, A'sw. Berwick, Keiv. Harford, New. Cambridge, New. Uptain, AVru. Defiance. Drcadnaughc- Dunkirk. Expedition, New. Eagle, New. Elizabeth, AV». Edgar. Effcx, New. Grafton, AVn>. Hampton-Court, A'eir. Henrietta, N:w, Hope, New. Kent, New. law, New. Lyon. Monk Monmouth. Moumague. Tuns. Men Guns. 1089 t6 0 70 1089 460 7 ° 1174 460 7 ° 941 420 70 1164 460 9 cl 400 64 735 360 62 7°4 340 60 i°S 9 460 1047 460 7 = 460 70 998 445 71 1000 460 I '74 460 7 ° 1 105 340 58 763 355 6z 1078 460 7 o I COO 460 icc6 460 715 440 58 (96 440 60 880 400 66 800 355 63 286 &le$)efcnt$tftte Part II Ship!. ■ Tum. Men. Gw, Rupert, 813 400 $6 Sterling-Caftle, New. 1144 460 70 Suffolk, New. 1000 460 70 Swiftfure. 978 420 90 Warfpighr. 892 420 70 York. 734 443 ft Fourth Rate. Shift. Tims. Men. Cm, Adventure. 432 190 44 Advice. 545 130 48 St. Albans. 576 130 4? Antelope. Atch-Angcl, 200 45 Affi fiance. 555 23° 48 Aflurance. 37 1 180 42 Eerkley-Caftle. T 200 Bonadventure. 5 i° 230 43 Erifiol. 547 230 4 S Charles Gaily, New. 526. 220 3. 53 1 230 43 Centurion. Coronation. 2CO 43 Crown. 53 ^ 130 45 Conflant Warwick. 55 ° .80 44 St. David. 280 J4 Deptford. . 280 5. Diamond. 55 ° 230 45 Dover. 55 ° 230 48 Dragon. 479 220 iS Faulcon. 367 185 a! Forcfighr. 2 3 ° ‘j George. 248 200 4! 659 280 5! Greenwich. Golden-Horfe* Prize . Hampfhire. 47 ° 220 4a Happy Return. 613 280 Jerfey. 558 230 4 1 ] James Galley. 433 200 3 ! Kings-Fifher. 664 220 f Leopard' PartII. of ENGLAND. Ships. leopard. Mary Galley. Mary Rofe. Mordant. Netvcaflle. Nonfuch. Oxford. Portfmoutli. Portland. Princefs. Phoenix. Referve. Ruby. Sampfon. Samuel mi Henry, Succefs. Swallow. Sweep-flakes. Staverecnc. Tvger. Woolwich. Yarmouth. Tygcr, Fixe. Men . Tuns . Gu n s . 676 288 54 555 230 a 230 48 625 280 H 345 180 ■42 677 2S0 54 468 22o 46 588 240 5 => 620 2E0 54 368 180 42 53 8 230 48 532 230 48 5 ° 1 So 44 2CO 44 559 230 48 376 180 48 543 .230, 48 4 S 7 190 44 716 2S0 54 628 280 54 Fifth Rates. Ship :. Dace-Ttcc, Prize . Dartmouth. Garland. Guernfey. Mermaid. Norwich. Orange-Tree, Prize . Pearl. Richmond. Hunter, Rofe. Swan. Saphirc. Tin . Men . Guns . 2^5 130 28 165 j 35 31 255 ' 3 ° 3 ° 255 130 30 294 230 3: 260 .130 30 213 115 28 260 130 36 234 i2y 28 3°5 135 32 M 6 '35 32 Sue cels, Ship*. Snccefs. Golden-Rofe, Prig. JOje $?efctu j&ate Part II. Tuns. Men. Gimi, 296 135 31 Firejhips, being Fifth Fat Ships. Ann WChriftophcr. Caftle. Eagle. Holmes. Wivenhoe. Youtfg-Spragg. john'nna Alexandres. Peace. Sarah. Saifcpfon. Spanifh Merchant. Tliomas and Catharine. Calavaffe. T. M- G. | Tnchts. M. T. G.| ico 30 8 | Charles, 38 ! 35 c8 4 [ Chariot. 142 30 5 Part II* lulus. Cleveland. Deal. jemy. Hie of Wight. Kitchen. (Juinborougli. ladmine. toy. of E NGLAND. Tachts. Merlin. Monmouth. Navy, I’ortlmouth. Quinborough. Richmond. Hubs, 103 30 =9 °4 * 39 r. m g- lc 9 3 ° 8 103 30 8 074 3 ° 8 133 30 8 64 30 8 30 8 Ships and Hopes. Shops and Hopes. pita. gCliatlum. |xpwiment. pfworth. ilound. Invention. Irevention. r. 57 28 45 M. 10 10 10 4 4 4 7. M. G. Spyc. 28 10 4 Do Chatham. 50 to 4 Tranfporter. 5 o Unity Horsboat. 4 o Mary-Gold. 33 30 Loyter. 65 3 o Wohvich. 57 10 4 Whiprter. 64 10 4 Brigantine. H »h*> I Hulks. T - M - a - T. M. G. ifen. 716 4 o | Srat-Houle. 440 04 o rms of Mrn. 51 6 8 0 , Glofler Hulk, otterdam. 987 07 o j Smacks. oyal Efcape, !%r. ntle London icerenefj. -liilll. id ci o 24 01 o t Bcfides fevcral other VctTels for Tinders, Vifuullcrr, c ‘ ail KcmaWle. i £|J«. ' Oiiualler. fn.'o/n and Ajuis Angujlis. Sw-W/vou, or H.impfhire,\ and the hie of Might. J Smajet , and City, and County of B.ijhi. f And Names of the fcve¬ ral Vice-Admirals. Sir John Molefmrth, tit. Sir Jonathan Trelawnsy, Bar. Charles Lord Brandon. George Courtney, Efj; Tile Earl of Shaft shiny. Richard Lord Vifcount Lum- h, now Earl of Scar¬ brough. Edward Cary, Efq; Sir JobnGuife, Bar. Henry Lord Vifcount Sidney. George Vifcount Caflletm. (diaries Lord Brandon. Sir henry H.bard, Bar. Sir Thomas Aden, Ear. Sir John Pelham, Ear. Sir Robert Holmes, \h. Sir Edward Ph-’.tos, Kt. G a 7H $ fy.i/L'jSouch parts. Wales North parts. SOje |p?cfcnt §>tnfe Part II, The Earl of Carbary. Sir William Williams. For tranfafting of Maritime Affairs, the Lord Admiral liath Courts of his own, whereof that at Lmdmi the Principal or Supreme, where all Procefs and Proceed- jnes run in his Name, and not in the Kings, as lttion in all Common-Law Courts. In this Court, uiualiy called the Court of Admiral:}, he had. a Lieutenant, ca.lcd judge of the Admiralty, who is commonly fomt Learned Doctor of the Civil-Law, and is at prdent Sir Cl.wki ^Vhc’Procecdiugin this Court, in all Ciul Matters, i; according to the Chit La*', becJufe the Sea is wither: the Limits of the Common Law, hut under the ndmnh Jmfdillm, therefore the Civil Law only (ad Conan Law lecluded) is made life of, and by Libel they proceed to the Afiion, the Plaintiff giving caution to profccu? the Suit, and to pav what (hall be judged againft hie if he fail in the Suit : the Defendant on the contra¬ ry, lecuring the Plaintiff, by fiifficicnt Surety or Caution, as the Judge {hall think meet, that lie will appear u, ludgment, and pay that which (hall be adjudged againft him; and that lie will ratific and allow all that his Pro- dot (hall do in his Name, whereby the > Clients are ur affured, to obtain that which by Lav; (hall be adjudged them, let the Caufe fall on which fide foever. In the Admiralty Court of Boland, ule is made, n only of the Civil Laws, but the Laws ot Rhodes ^ Olentt, whereof the former is an lflam m ncanSea, about Twenty Miles diftant from tk Cont,net. of Afia Minor, ami is now under die lark) the ancien inhabitants whereof, by their migh'y Trade, and er at Sea, crew fo expert m the Regulation o. a,l Jua-s. . Matters and Diftlrenccr, and their Determination;there] in wcreeftfcmed fo juft and equitable, that their in fuch Affairs, have cvcrfince been obferved for tics Thole Laws were long ago incorporated nit Volumes of the Civil Law; and the Romans, who p' Laws CO other Nations, and excelled all Nations uinm Part II of ENGLAND. 14 j king of good Laws, yet for their Sea Affairs, referred ail Debates and Controvcrfies to the Judgment of thefe Rhdian Laws. Okron is an Iffind anciently belonging to the Crown of England, feaccd in the Eay of Aquitain, not far from the Mouth of the Canonne, where our famous Warrionr King Richard the Firft, raufed to be compiled furh ex¬ cellent laws for Sea-matters, that in the Ocean-Sea Weft- : ward, the; hail ulinnft as much repute as the Rhodian ! litre in the Media,uiuan ; and thefe Laws were called \l*RvI d'Olem. | King Edward tl'.e Third, (who firft crcffed this Court : of Admiralty, as tome hold) made at Quinborongk, 1575. | very excellent Conflitutions, concerning Maritime Af- ! fait;, and many Sratutcsand Ordinances have been made ; by otl.cr Princes and People, as at Rome, I’ifa, Genoa, i Xpj-i'fj, Bmcehna, and M:§ina, vet that Fragment of j the K-Hv.in Law ftiil extant, with the Comments tlierc- | on, Ly the old jmifnr.fidrs, inferred in the Pandell t jand the Conflitutions made by the Roman Emperors, ! contained in the Code, and in the No«//ex, (till holds the ] Pre-eminence. The Cuftoms and former Decrees of the Engli(h Court of Admiralty, arc there of force for deciding of Concro- verfies. Under diis Court there is alfo a Court of Equi¬ ty, for determining Differences between Merchants. In Criminal Affairs, which is commonly about Piracy, the Proceeding in this Court was by Accufation and In¬ formation, according to the Chil Law, by a Man’s own Confdfion, or Eye-witneffes, found guilty, before he could be condemned ; but that being found inconveni¬ ent, there were two Statutes made by Henry the Eighth, That Criminal Affairs fhouldbc tryedby Witncflcs, and a Jury, and this byfpccialCommiffionof the King, to the Lord Admiral-, wherein fome of the Judges of the Realm ate ever Commiffioners, and the Tryal according to the Laws of England directed by thole Statutes. Between the Common Law of England and the Admi- r ‘dty, there feems to be Divifwn Impcrim, for in the Sea, fo far as the Low-water Mark is obferved, that is counted, infra cttrfm Comiiatm adjacentis , and Caufcs G i then si 44 Elje $;efent fetitte p,, rt ii thence arifing, are determinable by the Common Lmt i yec when the Sea is full, the Admiral hath Jurifdiflion there alfo, (fo long as the Sea Hows ) over matters done between the Low-water Mark and the Land, as appears inSirftm) Conjhtbles Cafe, 5 Report, Coke, p.107. 1 For regulating and ordering their Majcftits NavjtJ Ships of War, and Forces by Sea, fee thofe escdlcti Articles and Orders in Star. 13. Car. z Cap, 9. Of the N A. V Y-0 F F 1 C E, where the odch 1 Bttfinefs concerning the Kings N A V Y- ROYAL is managed. T H E Management of the Navy-Royal under the Lori HIO H A !■> MlR A L of England , is entrufted with the Principal Officers, and Commiffioncrs of the Navy. The Principal Officers are Four. SCrcafurtr.l Th.e firft is the Right Honourable El ward Rujfel, E(q> Trcafutcr of the Navy, whofc OfBce is to receive out of the Exchequer, by Warrant from the Lord Trcafurcr of England, or Lords Committal! executing that place; and to Pay all Charges of the Nail, hv Warrant from the principal Officers of the Navy, for which he had formerly a Salary of 210 /. 13 s. 4 d per a txfides 3 d.per Pound out of all Moneys paid by him; but hath now an Honourable Allowance certain from his Ml- jcfly in lieu thereof, v'g. 3000 /. per annum, and 8eo /.pn annum more for his Inftruments. Comptroller.] The Second is the Comptroller of the Navy, Sir Richard Haddo'\, whofe Office is to at¬ tend and comptrol all Payments of Wages; to know the Market Rates of all Stores belonging to Ship¬ ping; to examin and audit all Treafurers, Victualler:, and Store keepers Accompts, &c. his Salary is ;co l Part II. of E N G L A N D. 145 jjtirbfPO/.] The Third is the Surveyor of the A T .i- 1,;, Sir John Tippets , Kniglir, whofc Office is generally to know the State of all Stores, and fee the warns fup- plycd, CO furvcy. the Hulls, Marts, and Yards, and erti- matt the Value of Repairs; by Indenture, to charge all Eoatrtvains, ar.d Carpenters of Their Majcfty’s Navy, nidi what Stores they receive, and at the end of each Voyage, to (late and audit their Accompts: His Salary is 500 /. per annum. His Affirtant Mr. Edmund Dimmer. Gtr& Of t!)f 3 IttCf.] The Fourth is Clerk of the Ails, Chiles Sargifon, lifq; whofc Office is to record all Or¬ ders, Contrafls, Bills, Warrants, and other Bufinelfes iranfjfted by the Principal Officers and Comniitfioners of , the A'.iuy, at the Salary of 500 /. per annum : His Adi- liant Mr. William Dale ; Salary 300 1. per annum The Commijfmers of the Navy are four. j Firll is Sir Rickard Beach, who executes that part of [ the Comptroller of the Navy’s Duty, which relates to the Cotnptrolling of the Vifluallers Acccmpts ; Salary 50c I. per annum ; liis Affirtant Mr. Tin. Colby ; Sal. 300 /. )ir annum. Second is Sir John Afltby, who executes another parr of the faid Comptrollers Duty, relating to the Comptrol of the Accompts of the Store-keepers of the feveral Yards; his yearly Salary is 500 L I Dennis Lyddall, Comptroller of the Treafurers Ac- ! compt; his Salary 500 /. per annum. j Third is Thomas Wilfhaw Efq; who refides at Portf- H'Mtl), and lias the care of managing of their Majefty’s A 'my at that Port ; his Salary 500 l. per Annum. Fourth is Sir Edward Gregory, who refides ac Chat¬ ham, and has the fame charge of Affairs in the King’s Yard there ; his Salary 500 /, per annum. G 4 The 146 SEIjc pjcfcnt State Part U, Tile aforefaid Principal Officers anti Commiffiotierj, do holdtlieir Offices by Parent, under die Great Scale! England: And fince die great encreafc of theirMajcflics Navy, liave feveral Clerks under each of them, with Si. Jarics allowed by the King, for dicdifpatch of the k- finefs of the Navy, under dieir rcfpcctivc Manap.l ments. [ GommiffioncrjDf fog timulling t!|c The Viflualling of their Majcftics Navy, hath former:', been undertaken by Contraft, but is now managed a; Commiffion, an 4 entrnrted to Tin Papi'Jon, Efq; I Humphrey Ayles, Efq; Simon Main, Efq; James How, Efq; John Ager, Efq; I with the yearly Salary of 400 1 per annum each. fijarD#,] There arc belonging to their Majcfiii! Navy, fix great Yards, viy. Chatham, Vejtf.rd, lit!. rvicli, Portfnmth , Sheernejs, and Plymouth, where their Majcftics Royal Ships are laid up in Harbour ; v.diitc Yards are fitted with feveral Docks, Wharfs, JLanchcs, and Graving places, for the Building, Repairing, atd cleaning of their Majcftics Ships; and therein are lodged great quantities of Timber, Marts, Planks, Anchors, and other Materials. There are alfo convenient Store-houfes in each Yard, in which are laid up vart quantities of Cables, Rigging, Sails, Blocks, and all other forts of Stores needful for their Majefties Navy Royal. In thefe Yards are employed divers Officers, the Principal whereof, with theii yearly Salaries arc as fol¬ low ; At Chatham. Salaries. /. zSo Clerk of the Cheque, Jerent) Gregory. Store keeper, Baldwin Dttppa. [part II. of ENGLAND. Sampfon Bowrne, 7 Mafler Attcndants . each Thomas Jennings, j Matter Shipwright, Robert Lee, is Ahihants $WjUimBagmtt. \ Robert Shortw. Clerk of die Survey, Charles Finch. Deptford. Clerk of the Cheque, Jofepli Femes. Store keeper, Francis Hofier. Maher Attendant, John Benbord. Maher Shipwright, Fifher Harding. His Ahihant, Zachary Mcdbnry Clerk of the Survey, William Dormer. Woolwich. Clerk of the Cheque, Abraham Ttlghman. Store-keeper, Robert Smith, Maher-Attendant, Edward Alford. Maher Shipwright, Jofeph Laurence. Clerk of the Survey, John Pelham. Portfmouth. Clerk of the Cheque, Dan. Grahm, Store-keeper, William Cooper. Maher-Attendant, Edmund Barret. Maher Shipwright, William Stigant. His Ahihant, Thomas Podd. Clerk of the Survey, Edward Baltin. Shcernefs. Clerk of the Cheque, James Carpenter. Store-keeper, John Daniel. Mailer Attendant, Abraham Potter, Maher Shipwright, Daniel Frager. Clerk of the Survey, John Philips. G > *47 Ido 181 305 u 4 13? 114 *55 176 I2 4 l!>! 19 * 159 n 4 ldi o£l Note •>:i fl$e$jercntjfttte Partll, Note, Thac the Charges of the Clerks and Inlhu- merits, are included in the Salaries before-mentioned, ' The King hath alfo another Yard ac Harwich, which is chiefly made ufe of in the times of fome great Sea- War ; and there are alfo Officers to take care of tile Stores there. Befidcs the aforementioned Yards, his Majefty hath divers great Rope-Yards, as at Woolwich, Chatham, Pon[. mouth, &c. wherein are made Cables, and all forts oi Cordage for his faid Navy. All the faid Officers and whole Navy-Office, are go¬ verned by the Lord High-Admiral of England. All the other Under-Officers, as well thofe in theft, veral Yards, as thofe belonging to any of their Majefties Ships, hold their places by Warrant from the Lord High Admiral durante beneplacioo, [