MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 95-82335-1 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials including foreign works under certain conditions. In addition, the United States extends protection to foreign works by means of various international conventions, bilateral agreements, and prock^milipns. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for^ or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. The Columbia University Libraries reserve the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. Author: W.B. Conkey Company Title: What a business man should know about... Place: Chicago Date: 1922. [1921] ^Co -572.55- 1 MASTER NEQATIVE • COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DIVISION BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED • EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESTRICTIONS ON USE: lasltieff 366* Conkey, W. B., company, Chicago. What a business man shonld know abont printing and bookmaMng. Bev. ed. A book for ready reference ... ' md (etc.] W. B. Conkey company, ISStj^g 3 p. 1.. g IM f , front (port) illus., plates^ foUL diagr. 191' TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA REDUCTION RATIO: 12i IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA iHAi IB DATE FILMED: INITIALS: Vy|.\Al TRACKING « : HLMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES. BETHLEHEM. PA. BIBLIOGRAPHIC IRREGULARITIES MAIN ENTRY: W. B. Conke y Company W!1t1! i fuiaiaf "^ann should know about,,. Bibliographic Irrequlgrities in the Original Document: List ail volumes and pages affected; include name of institution if filming borrowed text. Page(s) missing/not available: __Volume(s) missing/not available: ^illegible and/or damaged page(s):_ ^Page(s) or voiume(s) misnumbered: Bound out of sequence: X Page(s) or volume(s) filmed from copy borrowed from: Columbia University entire book Other: TRACKING#: MSH03036 FILMED IN WHOLE OR PART FROM A COPY BORROWED COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURES DUE TO PHOTOGRAPHS OR FADE CHANGES o o ^1 ^>5 3 3 O o m ^^^^^ C! Cll in O 1 i 8 i i to Oi O 1.0 mm 1.5 mm 2.0 mm ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ at)cclef8hijklinnopqrstuvwxyzl234567B90 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcde^ijklrTinopqrsttJVW]^l234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghij kl mnopqrstu vwxyz 1234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.5 mm 1234567890 'A 4.- ■miiU o o Tj in u 35 TJ ^ > C Cd S O 09 0(0 5 m 0 6^ ■■■ i IliilililH Columbia WLnii)tviitv in tbc Ctti^ of jAtlo JDinrii SCHOOL OF UBRARY SERVICp What a Business Man Should Know ■ Bookmaking W- B. CONKEY Prmidrntt The W. B. dmkey Cmnpimy What a Business Man Should Ejiow About Printing and Bookmaking A Book for Ready Reference Price One Dollar W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CMcago Hammond New York im W. B. CONKEY President The W. B. Conkey Company What a Business Man Should Know About Printing Rmised Edition A Baok for Ready Reference Price One Dollar W. B. CONKEY COMPANY Chksago Hammond New York 1922 Copyright 1921 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY All Rights Reserved W. B. Conkey Company Printers and Binders General Offices and Works Hammond, Indiana Telephone South Chicago 1445-6 Chicago Offices : Fine Arts Building Telephone Wabash 2931 New York Offices : Metropolitan Life Building Telephone Ashland 1191 Gspyright 1921 V. a CONKEY COMPANY AU Rights Reserved ; MtnoLBa or th^ eormiaHT ^ VMS nuMUHtmeiui asmisuo BWMT tt. fl»t« W. B. Conkey Company Printers and Binders General Offices and Works Hammond, Indiana Telephone South Chicago 1445-6 Qmmgo Offices : Fine Arts Building Telqphone Wabash 2931 New York Offices : Metropolitan Life Building Telephone Ashland 1191 FOREWORD THIS work is not a text-book, and we offer no apok>- gies lor treating many subjects in a greatly con* densed form. Our object has hem to cover such items as are not generally treated, and to do so briefly and to the point. There are many details of a specific nature covered in books on those particular subjects which we have omitted, as well as of ^e common rtdes and formu- las so well understood as to make their repetition ^bso- lutely superfluous. The information contained in this book on Punctua- tion, Quotations, Abbreviations, the Use of Figures, Italics, etc., were obtained from some of the most authori- tative sources, among which are **A Manual for Writers" (by Prof. John Matthews Manley, head of the Depart- ment of English in the University of Chicago, and John A. Powell), "A Manual of Style," issued by the Uni- versity of Chicago Press, and "The Manual of Printing," published by the Inland Printer Company. The technical information in relation to copyrights, proof-reading, paper, engravings, electrotyping, halftone making, color plates, etc., has been obtained, where neces- sary, from the most reliable and authentic sources, and will be found to be particularly valuable in giving the layman an insight into "What a business man should know about printing and book-making." Some, in fact much, that we offer in this connection is of an elementary character, and will doubtless appeal most to the new beginner, but our long years of expe- rience show a lack, and therefore the need, of just such things as are here presented. We indulge in the hope, however, that many others ah-eady familiar with all angles of Writing and Compiling as well as Catalog and Book Building will find this book a source of valuable information for convenient reference. Last, but by no means least, we desire to convey a mtssage to our patrons concemii^ our institution and oiganizatioQ, which we believe is unsurpassed anywhere, and to give assurance of our ability and desire to render a genuine service — complete satisfaction. W. B. CONKEY C6MPANY. Fftge 10 How We Came to Build a Plant in the Country md Selected Hammond By W. B. GONKBY WE all have an ideal, and after having operated a print- ing and binding plant in Chicago for twenty years prior to 1897, in the two large buildings which we built and equipped, I became impressed with the idea that a print- ing and binding. business could be run under very different conditions and surroundings than existed in the most congested quarters of a large city. If there is an inanimate object that possesses a living soul, it is a book; and my thought was that the birth of this book into life should be under the most perfect and beautiful surroundings, and this motive was tiie basis of our action in building our plant. With this thought thoroughly in mind, the details and plans of an ideal institution were worked out with the assistance of Mr. George C. Nimmons, the famous archi- tect, the success of which has beeii demonstrated during the twenty-three years we have been located in Hammond. The smells from the alleys; the tremendous heat of the city streets in summer; the constant rumble and noise of passing vehicles and street cars; the long dis- tances necessary for employees to get to their place of employment; the dust, soot and coal smoke that was continually blowing in through the open windows in Page 11 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY UAMMOHD NEW YQMC file smmiier time, solliiig the paper, tables and floors, as wdl as tlie hands of the woricers; the dangerous and congested condition of elevators transporting commodities from one floor to another, with the incessant delays ; the narrow, dark stairways; the large floors through which the daylight never penetrated over thirty feet from win- dows on each side, necessitating the use of artificial light in the center of all workrooii»; as well as the fearful jeopardy to human life by fire in these large buildings, caused me to believe that a diflPerent condition of things could be created by building a large plant in the country under proper conditions. The question of location was an inqKMrtant one, and munmond was sdected because of its dose proximity to Chicago, its wonderful railroad and transportation facili- ties, and the fact of its being a great labor center because of the iron and steel mills in the immediate vicinity, that used principally man labor and furnishing no particular work for female labor. The community in the immediate vicinity was thoroughly canvassed and found to contain the nodeus for bindery girb who could be educated, and youi^ men and boys who could be taught the trades of printii^ and bookbinding. The safety of the hundreds of human lives while employed by us was a responsibility which I never lost sight of for a moment, and it was therefore our endeavor to find scmie way that their lives would not be endangered whie enafkfytd by our Cbmpaiiy, and that thdr comfort and happiness codd be constantly promoted by^ 13 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKACO HAMMOND NEW YORK and surroundings which could be created in a manu- facturing plant. In order to prevent accidents, individual motors were installed on all machines, thus doing away with dangerous line shafting and overhead belts, which cause no end of acddents in large plants. The wisdom of our action has been proven by the ahnost entire elimination of accidents. The windows surrounding the entire buildii^ were placed two and one-half feet above the floor so that in case of panic the employees could easily get out of the windows anywhere into the park surrounding the building. Prior to constructing the building, a floor plan was drawn and small pieces of cardboard were cut out to the scale size of each machine, and the machines in all depart- ments were placed on this plan, showing the exact space required for each machine, the space surrounding them, the aisles, lavatories and all necessary equipment going into the building. This plan was studied and changed until a perfect layout was created, so that the making of a book should progress like a flowing river until the finished product landed in the shipping room. This layout has never been materially changed, and it is today acknowledged by production engineers as one of the most perfectly laid out plants in America. In order that there might be a constant supply of pure and fresh air, immense air ducts were constructed under- neath the building, the main duct being 18 feet wide and 6 feet deep, with brandies in all directions, to which two 25-foot Sturtevant blower fans were connected, ii^ch in 13 3skm>m W. CONKEY COMPANY CnCACb HMMOND NEW YORK winter draw fresh air from large windows in the fan room, over superheated steam pipes, thus constantly pumping fresh warm air into the building, and in sum- mer drawing the air over chilled pipes to cod the build- it^ to a proper woridng temperattire. The i»%vailiqg winds in the stnnmer-time are from the south, southeast and southwest, and inasmuch as the windows in the saw-tooth roof are open for ventilation during working hours, and it is our particular purpose to eliminate dust, smoke and dirt, the engines, heating and boiler plant, and the smokestacks were placed on the north side of the building, so that the prevailing winds would blow the smoke away from the building instead of over it Mr. O. C. Simons, one of America's most famous landscape gardeners, was employed to lay out the park, constructing its graveled walks and planting the trees and shrubs, which by constant care have developed into a most beautiful surrounding for the plant. A lake, 200 feet long, 50 to 75 feet in width, and 18 to 20 feet deep, was constructed in the center of the park, adding materially to its beauty. The water in this lake is taken from Lake Michigan, 600,000 gallons, and furnishes the supply for our sprinkler system, toilets and lavatories in the building. Over the enfxaoce to Ac office, overlooking the park, which occupies the front part of the building, is a large plaifue, which is our imprint, or printers' mark, the design represents Pegasus, the mythical Winged Horse P^e 14 4 /ffV^'ri 1"! 1 w. B. CONKEY COMPANY mi CHICAGO HAMMOND HEW vmK of Literature, with the Tricolor of Chicago, bearii^ the emblems of the printer's art — ^the graver's tool, ink balls and palette on either side of the plaque, with the name W. B. CoNKEY Company, Chicago, forming the crown. It was designed by Frank X. Lyndecker, the famous artist, and was modeled in day by Lorado Taf t, the celebrated sculptor. During the summer-time there is no more beautiful sight than to see the thousand or more of our employees stretched on the lawns enjoying their lunches under the shade of the trees. In order to accomplish this idea it was necessary in a measure to change the character of our business from what it was twenty-three years ago, which has been done. My belief was that it was not necessary for a customer to have his books made immediately across the road from his business, any more than it was necessary for his shoes or other articles to be made under his supervision. The point was to inspire the customer with the confidence that his work would be absolutely right and to his satisfaction, and the business would then come. This thought has been verified by the fact that our business has been successful and constantly increasing, until today our list of customers includes nearly all the leading publishers of the country, and our plant has grown to cover an area of over 600,000 square feet, filled with the latest and best machinery of every kmd known in the art of printing and bookbinding, with a corps of em- ployees who are faithful and loyal, with heads of depart- Page 15 Si W. B. CONKEY COMPANY omam imidiond new yoric ments, executives and managers who have been sdected for their ability and knowledge of the biisiiiess, all of whom are stiockholders in the Company, so that the ideal of nearly a quarter of a century ago has become a realized facta Page 16 THE CONKEY ORGANIZATION, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR SERVING OUR PATRONS, AND HOW WE DO IT CHICAGO W. B. CONKEY COMPANY HAMMOND NEW YORK The Gonkey Organization, Bquipnieiit and Facilities for Serving Our Patrons, and How We Do It THE plant of the W. B. Conkey Company is located in a park of about twenty acres, in Hammond, which is the northern boundary of Lake Comity, Indiana, and adjoins Cook County, or Chicago, so that the two cities adjoin, with a distance of twenty miles from the build- ings of the W. B. Conkey Company to the courthouse in the center of Chicago. We have fourteen trunk line railroads passing through Hammond, south and east, and every train coming into Chicago, either from the south or east, must pass through Hammond, as well as the three belt lines which circle Chicago, thus giving Hammond the greatest possible shipping facilities. A street car line runs from the plant directly to the center of Chicago, passing through the marvelous indus- trial distrkts of East Chicago, Indiana Harbor, and Whiting on the right, and Pullman, West Pullman and Kensington on the left, through South Chicago and the great residential portion of the South Side of Chicago, to the heart of the city, thus making easy access for transportation from the homes in these communities of such e3ctra labor as we may require. LOCATION Fige 19 W. B. CONK£Y COIiPAHY CSaCtfiO BAMMOHD MEIf YOK BUILDINGS The buildings were constructed on a plan originated by our President, Mr. W. B. Conkey, after many years' experience in buildings constructed by him in Qiicago, which were the osml tqp-to-date printiiig offices; but our present btitldiiigs were biiilt on one floor, covering an area of nearfy twelve acres ; they are built of brick, sted and glass, with concrete floors and saw-tooth roofs; the buildings are placed to the absolute points of the compass, with the openings in the roof to the north, thus admitting to the piant only the north light, which is the artist's light, permitting no direct sonrays to appear in the building; liitts otn- light is uniform on dark days as well as bright. All successful photograph studios have always been built to admit only the north light in order to assure per- fection in color and tmif orm light conditions, whidi are so necessary for workmen operating in the printing and book-snaking bissiness. Every convenience for the proper conduct of the busi- ness has been utilized in the construction of the buildings, including light, sanitation and pure air. The toilets are arranged within easy access of not to ea^ceed one hundred feet from every employee, and lava- tories are pheed in the most convenient i^aces for quick access througlioot the worknxnns. The washrooms are equipped with full size lockers for the convenience of all, and there is a dining-room where meals are served at a moderate price. Pkge 20 BUILDINGS The buildings were constructed on a plan originated by our President, Mr. W. B. Conkey, after many years* experience in buildings constructed by him in Chicago, which were the usual up-to-date printing offices; but our present buildings were built on one floor, covering an area of nearly twelve acres ; they are built of brick, steel and glass, with concrete floors and saw-tooth roofs; the buildings are placed to the absolute points of the compass, with the openings in the roof to the north, thus admitting to the plant only the north light, which is the artist's light, permitting no direct sunrays to appear in the building; thus our light is uniform on dark days as well as bright. All successful photograph studios have always been built to admit only the north light in order to assure per- fection in color and uniform light conditions, which are 80 necessary for workmen operating in the printing and book-making business. Every convenience for the proper conduct of the busi- ness has been utilized in the construction of the buildings, including light, sanitation and pure air. The toilets are arranged within easy access of not to exceed one hundred feet from every employee, and lava- tories are placed in the most convenient places for quick access throughout the workrooms. The washrooms are equipped with full size lockers for the convenience of all, and there is a dining-room where meals are served at a moderate price. Face 20 f4P! m W. B, CONKEY COMPANY CHKACO HAMMOND NEW HmK Employees are admitted to the building through sep- arate entrances, one for the men and another for the women, so that the sexes are absolutely separated at all times, the men having their dining and rest rooms on their side of the building, and the women their dining and rest rooms adjacent to their entrance. Lockers and lavatories are provided so that every convenience for their comfort has been thoroughly thought out and cared for. In the reading and rest rooms of both departments all the current magazines are provided, and in the women's department a piano and Victrola with ample room for dmicing and recreation during the time they are not employed at their regular work. The crowded conditions which are manifest in other plants are not present in our buildings— every employee has ample space in which to perform his or her work, with broad aisles that are always kept free and dear. WAREHOUSES Ample paper and book storage warehouses are built adjacent to, and are a part of the main buildings, being all on the ground floor. They are light and airy, with broad aisles and high ceilings, fully equipped with auto- matic sprinklers, and the rate of insurance covering these warehouses, as well as contents of cars in our freight yard, is the same as on the balance of our property — seven cents per hundred dollars. It is not an uncommon thing for us to have fifty to ftige 23 W. CONKEY COMPANY CWayBO HAMMOND Mxty carloads of paper, as w«il as between two and three milUon books stored iot oar costomers. . . „ The warehouses open into the Recoving and Shipp«ng departments, so that paper and books can be handled and shipped with the minimum of expense. The Cbnkey Belt Line connects the Monon, Ene ana Bdt railroads with our own freight yard. Sidetracks go to eadi bonding, thus allowing loading and unloading direct to shipping plaHonns. LOCATION OF DEPARTMENTS The location of the different departments has been made so that there is strict continuity in the manufacture of onr product For instance, the paper is received m the warehouse on Ae north side of the building. From there this paper is taken to the Seasoning Room, where it is opened up, laid out flat on trucks, ready to be mwed to fl»e Pressroom when it is required for pnntn«. After the sheets are printed they are taken in regular course to the Folding Department; after being folded and tied in proper bandies. a«orateiy «>««t«^,rj^„f 1 1"^' heaw pressure, they are taken to the Folded Stock Room where the tips are mserted. if required or fnyjpecial work to be done on individual sections is finished; tiien they are sent to the Gathering Department; from th«e to &e Collating Department ; then to the Sewing Depart- ment; then to the Smashing. Gluing, Cuttmg Rounding and Backing, Headbanding and Lining, and Casing-m Bice 24 w. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND NEW YORK departments, and from there to the Inspection Room; then to the Bound Stock Warehouse; then to the Ship- ping Room, which is immediately adjoining the depart- ment in which the paper stock was received, thus show- ing that the entire operation of the manufacture of a book or catalog is in one continuous line without a back- lash, right up to the Shipping Department, and without ever having been taken up or down in an elevator, but done on a continuous Hne of procedure, which means the greatest production economy, and the least possible loss or infuiy during its creation. MOVING COMMODITIES The system of moving commodities from one depart- ment to another is operated by electric motor trucks, which are operated on the one-way system with railroad signal semaphores in each department, and if commodities are desired to be removed from a department, a red semaphore is thrown up so that when the motor truck passes this department the driver attaches the power truck to the truck containing the commodity, and it is thus removed to the department to which it is consigned. When a department requires an empty truck a white semaphore is shown, and in the next round of the motor truck this empty truck is brought to the department re- questing it, ready to be loaded. This plan is not only a great economy, eliminating the necessity of man power, but is of great assistance in maintaining perfect order and system throughout the plant 25 mi W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKAlCO HAMMONO NEW YORK PAPER STOCK Special attentkm isgiven tothe recdvinf and handling of paper stock. When tiie stodc is received from the paper nuH it is weighed as it comes into the plant and stored in the warehouse, and the bundles accurately counted. When it is requisitioned for use, after being placed on trucks, it is driven across platform scales erected for this pofpose, and again accurately weighed, after whkh it goes to the Seasoning Room, there to be opened and inspected for condition of paper, color, weight, hulk and tensile strength. A percentage of the reams is counted so that we may know if there has been any mistake on the part of the mill which made the paper. This care, while being extraordinary, is absolutely essen- tial to the customer who has pakl thousands of dollars for large quantities of paper whk^ he has never seen, and knows nothing about its condition, but with the care and dose scrutiny which we have given we can O. K. his bill intelligently, he feeling assured that the paper which has b^W delivered to us for his account has been carefully inafected by us, and that his interest has been wdl pro- tected in our hands. ROUTINE OF WORK When we receive a request from a customer to give him an estimate on his work, this estimate is very caief ully prepared by eiqierienGed estimators, who thor- oughly understand the cost of production and all mate- W. B. cmcAco CONKEY COMPANY HAMMOND HEff YQKK rials, and the estimate is submitted to the customer in very accurate and correct detail. When the contract has been accepted by the customer, both parties thoroughly understand what is required, and there can be no mistake or misunderstanding in this connection. This contract, with the estimate, is then given to the Operating Department, which prepares a full detailed work sheet, which is copied a number of times, one for each department through which this particular job may pass, and these sheets are then turned over to our Plan- ning and Scheduling Department, which finds a place for this job in the working schedule, so that a definite promise can be made for the completion of the work, with the assurance that this promise will be absolutely kept. The tickets are then turned over to the head of each department, and a check is kept each day of the progress of the job, so that at all times it is completely under the control of the Planning and Scheduling Department, as well as the Superintendent and the different foremen who are operating upon the job. By this dose attention to details in each case, the highest point of efficiency in the production of the work is maintained at all times, as well as a very careful scru- tiny of foremanship patrol, which insures the highest quality in the finished product. In the different departments every machine and de- vice, as well as equipment of every kind, have been pro- vided to facilitate high class production witii rapidity and correctness. Bi«e 27 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKACO HAiiMOND NEW YOBK COMPOSITION The Foremen, Lmtoype and Monotype Operators, Compositors and Proof-readers are skilled and expe- rienced workmen, and tliey all realize the lull resper stodc beii^ opened out and laid flat on trucks in the Seasoning Room at least twenty-four hours, and often- times much longer, in order to get it to the same tempera^ FiiSe 34 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND NEW YQUC ture as building before it is sent to the Pressroom for printing. The Pressroom is equipped with Miehle presses, with automatic feeders on many of them, and are all in thor- oughly first-class shape, there being no lost motion in the machines so that there is the least possible wear on the plates. It is most important to the publisher that these plates be printed on presses that are in perfect con- ditkm so that the bed and cylinder work in perfect har- mony and all lost motion eliminated. Many plates of books are spoiled through bad print- ing, which is caused by being run on presses that are not true, as a slight slurring or grinding movement, caused by the bed and cylinder not being in absolute unison, will grind the face of the plate to such an extent that with a few editions the plates will be so damaged as to require a new set of plates. This is a most important factor, because unless shells are made when the composi- tion is first done, it means new composition, which is most expensive. In the Pressroom every known method of make- ready is used, so diat this work can be done in the ^rtest possible time, yet in no case sacrificing perfec- tion in reproducing the object to be printed, or sacrificing absolute register. The Pressroom is equipped with an automatic pro- duction meter system, to which the cylinder of each press is attached to a central counting machine at the fore- man's desk. This is an entirely separate arrangement Page 35 PI W. B, CONKEY COMPANY CHKACO HAMMOND NEW YORK Iran die usual counter whidi is on most presses. The pffDduction meter indicates the actual running impres- sions that a press has made during a given time, regis- tering the stops and the omitted sheets caused by trip- ping the press. These operations are all outlined on a diait so that the foreman at his desk can at a glance see the entire operation of a press during a given time, and should the chart register an unusual condition, he can immediatdy go to that particular press and ascertain the trouble. This is a rather costly arrangement, but its value is worth the cost because we can know absolutely the num- ber of sheets printed on any job, the aipount of time taken to do the work, and in this way check up the pro- duction accurately and poativdy of every machine in the Pressroom. BCX)KBINDING Many special devices originated by us and used in our plant all tend to die perfection of the finished book. It is very importsoA that a puUisher should know the date upon which any particular book has been printed, because many times he wants to know the condition of his plates at the last edition, and on the second section of the book printed in sixteens, or on the third sixteen of the book printed in thirty-twos, you will find at the bottom of the page the figure *^ — ^May 21" which means that diis is die second signature of die book, and dnt dus • W, B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICACO HAMMOND MEW YQUC i particular edition was printed in May, 1921. Every pub- lisher will realize the value of this information. It is easy for us to do this because of the fact that the Plate Department is handled by a trusted foreman, whose duty it is to see that this information is placed upon every book going to press. He takes this plate to the Elec- trotype Dq>artment, which immediately adjoins his, and the line is inserted in the plate. Having the Electrotype Foundry immediately at hand, any corrections can be made or damage to plates repaired immediately, without any great amount of lost time, which would be occasioned if we were compelled to send the plates to an outside foundry, as is done in almost all artment in Chicago, the car leaving the plant for Chicago in the evening, arriving there with shipments early the next morning, and a car leaving Chicago for the plant containing all commodities picked up during the day, arriving at the plant ready for business in the morning. This is for convenience of shipments to and from Chicago. The ccMigcsted freight conditicm in Chicago, as in all large cities, makes it, as a rule, a most midesirable ship- ping point where quick delivery is required, because of the delays occasioned by the tremendous amount of freight delivered to the various depots daily, which in many cases is not handled as promptly as it should be. The railroad traffic associations have a number of transfer points just outside of Chicago, and one of these particular transfer points is located at Gibson Station, which is in Hammond, where hundreds of cars are daily unloaded for direct routings in l. c. l. or car lots for quick distribution to designated terminal points. This means a great advantage to our shipments, we being able to save twenty-four hours or more on many shipments by delivering directly to the Gibson Station. This is of vital importance to customers where time is a factor in delivery. Hammond is in the Chicago shipping district and the frdght and express rates are the same as from Chicago. m W. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND NEW YORK at the plant to our Shipping Dq)artnient in Chia^o, the car leaving the plant for Chicago in the evening, arriving there with shipments early the next morning, and a car leaving Chicago for the plant containing all commodities picked up during the day, arriving at the plant ready for business in the morning. This is for convenience of shipments to and from Chicago. The congested f reight condition in Chicago, as in all large cities, makes it, as a rule, a most undesirable ship- ping point where quick delivery is required, because of the delays occasioned by the tremendous amount of freight delivered to the various depots daily, which in many cases is not handled as promptly as it should be. The railroad traffic associations have a number of transfer points just outside of Chicago, and one of these particular transfer points is located at Gibson Station, which is in Hammond, where hundreds of cars are daily unloaded for direct routings in L. c. l. or car lots for quick distribution to designated terminal points. This means a great advantage to our shipments, we being able to save twenty-four hours or more on many shipments by delivering directly to the Gibson Station. This is of vital importance to customers where time is a factor in delivery. Hammond is in the Chicago shippii^ district and the freight and express rates are the same as from Chicago. Page 43 1 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY 1 CHiaiioii HAMMOND MEW YOBK POWER One thousand horsqx>wer boiler capacity with two 600 horsepower G>rliss engines with generators attached furnish our power night and day, and having two units there is no possibiHty of a shut-down, as in case of acci- dent to one the other is in immediate readiness. In addi- tion, we have a ICQ horscpcywer Westinghouse engine with generator attached for l^t loads for nights and Sundays and in cases of extraordinary emergency. The heating plant is most unique, the building being heated from motor ducts under the floor with openings at designated places; the hot air being supplied by two 25-foot fans which draw in the pure air from outside, drawii^ it over water-cooled pipes in the sununer-tinie to cod the air, and furnish perfect ventilation, and m the winter drawing the pure fresh air from the outside over steam-heated pipes, thus heating this pure air and distributing it through the buildings, giving perfect ventilation and the purest of air to all persons employed in the buildings. FOREMANSHIP PATROL Every foreman in our organization is a master workman and has been selected because of his skill and knowledge in the particular branch of which he is the dqmrtment head Oencal asmatmce is provided in eadi department to mm44 W. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND NEW YOBK handle all details so that the foreman may devote his entire time to the supervision and scrutiny of all work passing through the department, thus establishing a per- fect Foremanship Patrol. MAILIBG FACILITIES Our Mailing Department is especially equipped for handling large editions of catalogs, magazines, news- papers, etc., having a trained organization of mailing clerks and wrappers who thoroughly understand this work. The Post Office officials at Hammond send their clerks to our plant for the classification, zoning, and distribu- tion of all mail matter handled by us, which assures our patrons not only absolute security in handling their mail- ing lists, but the quickest and most accurate service in the distribution of their mail matter. The congested conditions found in large cities like Chicago, New York, and elsewhere do not occur in Ham- mond, and therefore mail matter oftentimes reaches its destination much quicker than where it has to pass through the congested condition of larger post offices. Publishers of catalogs, magazines, etc., can depend i^KWi a quick and sure delivery of mail matter sent out from our plant, because the stamps or permits on all mail matter are canceled before wrapping, and is delivered direct to the trains by us, thus avoiding any delay in Ae post office and saves the extra handling of canceling itanips and t«4linmi^ packages readi your aistomer in a much deaner and BUYING FAQLITIES The advantages presented to us for furdiasinf of commodities are numerous. Our account wkh paper mills, owing to the va^ 9momt of paper used in our plant, is particularly attrac- tive. We pay ^lol cash for our purchases, and all manu- facturers of commodities used in our line of business arc anxious to sell us, constantly offering any bargains th^ may have because of our immense using power, which, of course, reflects npoa oar atnlity to bi^ econom- ioOly in higt quantities. In many cases we have been able to make prices to our customers for paper that they have been unable to get elsewhere, and this service we include to all who desire to take advantage of it. Our offices in New York and Chicago keqi thorou^y posted on an lines of book-ottkhig, and the large number of inquiries which we have from publishers and others all Ofer the country keep us in constant touch with the latest wrinkles in the art of book-making, and manufac- ^Ts Of novelties Of all kinds send samples to us so that we are m a position to give our customers particuhuiy up-to-date advice in the coosideratioa of printed matter and hooks of an kinds. W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKACO HAMMONll MEW mm Every new invention pertaining to the art of printing and book-making is presented to us on account of the immensity of our plant and the opportunity for these new machines to get a tryout to the advantage of the manufacturer. As has often been stated, our plant looks like a part of the Machinery Department of the World's Columbian Exposition, placed in the midst of a beautiful park for the inspection of publishers and others who are interested in the art of printing and book-making. INSURANCE Our rate of insurance is probably the lowest of any printing plant in America, and this has been accomplished so that the publisher entrusting his business to us can feel that his property is as safe with us as it is pos^ble to be. This rate of insurance is seven cents per hundred, and we carry $1,200,000 of insurance on the plant and contents at a cost to us of seventy cents per thousand, therefore it is obvious that the buildings are most excep- tional or the insurance company would not risk their mon^ on the plant at this very low rate. Our insurance is carried in the Manufacturers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Providence, Rhode Island (the Senior Mutuals) . Only the highest class of preferred risks that fully comply with their exacting standards are accepted by this company. IP m W. B, CONKEY COMPANY We issue a contract, accepted by the insurance com- pany, allowing our customers to partiGqiate in our in- surance at this rate. This inrevents disturbance of the rate by constant inquiry among insurance s^^ents. One of the most important factors in our securing this remarkably low rate, in addition to the fireproof construction of the buildings, is the absolute cleanliness and order maintained in every nook and comer of the The moral hazard is taken into very active con> siiieratioii by the insurance companies, as well as the fact that we have a ^loroughly equipped sprinlder system toudiing every nook and comer of our immense plant. We have our own w^ater supply for fire protection, which is obtained from a lake in the park in front of the buildings, containing over 600,000 gaillons, connected to fire pomps situated in the en|^ room, one with a ca^adtf of over 1,000 gaBons per minute and continu- mssfy under pressure, and another containing 500 gallons per minute capacity, always under pressure, that auto- matically spring into action the moment a sprinkler head is released in any part of the plant. In addition to this we have an emergency water tank with 50,000 gallons of water at an elevation of fifty feet ready for instant action hi case of fire. The steam in tiie b(»l«rs is never allowed to go hdow fifty pounds pressure, night or day. These ane unde rwr i te r s ' requirements and are absolutely obeyed. In addition to this an engine house of the Hammond City Fire Department is located within one block of the I^ant. W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CmCMCO HAMMOWP NEW A very large portion of the employees working in the plant live in the immediate vicinity, and the majority of them own their own homes, thus making their positions with the Company very much more permanent. Every opportunity is afforded our workmen to buy their own homes, and this has been very largely taken advantage of by them, which not only gives &em de- lightful country homes, but reduces the labor turnover in the plant very materially. Many of our employees have been with us ten, fifteen, twenty, twenty-five and thirty years, thus insuring reliable, steady co-operation as well as a thorough knowledge of the conduct of the business through years of continued and faithful operation. Nearly every foreman, as well as the executives, are men who have learned their trade with the Company, and by their lo3ralty and skill in their particular depart- ments have obtained positions of trust. These men are all stockholders in the Company, and they thoroughly realize that the customer is our employer, and that he must be satisfied at all times, and with this thought constantly in mind it is the object of each one of our or- ganization to do the work assigned him carefully and in- telligently, assuming in each case the full responsibility of perfect workmanship in every detail, so that the cus- tomer can feel, in placing his business with our organi- zation, that his interests will be as carefully safeguarded and looked after in every detail as though he were the Bife 49 P] i W. B. CONKEY COMPANY rwcMiO ifiimniiD new yyfflent for Mm, or if there be other condi- tions needmg a religious or other influence, a means is provided through this department to help such conditions. Wh«i mexpcrienced help is employed they are taken to our Vestibule Department and are there s^wn tiie different grades of work they are expected to do, and they are tramed in this work so that whm they ate ac- quainted with the duties expected frtm them after three or four days of service, or even a week, they are turned OTtt to the forewoman to occiqjy a position on our regular The education received in the Vestibule Department, having fitted her to perform the woik eqiected of her, all that ,s required is proficiency and speed, which she will shortly acquire. The qtiestion of "Wre and fire" has with us long since of our Welfare Depart- ment IS to find the discontented person in our staff, and an endeavor is made to ameliorate an unpleasant situa- tion if such has arisen, and if it be found that tiie par- ticular person is not fitted for the work he or she is domg. SI W. 1. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO instead of being discharged they are transferred through tfic Employment Bureau to another department, with the result that the round plug in the square hole is fitted to a round hole, in which he or she becomes a valuable asset to our otyani Tbit Organization Plan of The W. B. Cbnkey Com- pany shown m the attached Chart giires a con^nrehen* sivc idea of the orderly arrangement of the seventy-five Departments in our organization. sa BOOK-BUILDING AND BOOK- MAKING Standasd Rmxs on Preparation of Copv Selecting Type, Paper and Binmnc CHICAGO W. B. CONKEY COMPANY HAMMOND MEir YOBK BOOK-BUILDING AND BOOK- MAKING "DOOK-MAKING is an art; it is more— a science, •i-^ learned only through long years of study, practice and development, and to attempt covering the subject in a single article, or indeed every angle and phase of it in one single volume, would be preposterous. Therefore each of the following items, to the txteat that it r^tcs to the book-making industry, should be considered a partial treatise on the subject. The English language, our medium of expression, is continually changing. New words with new meanings are frequently added and the spelling of hundreds of words common to most every one is changed to meet the onward march of civilization. Therefore the method of express- ing ideas with a language so plastic must be subject to changes, and rules and formulas for its use cannot be stated dogmatically. Even our best authorities differ as to the shades of meaning of many words and phrases. However, there are many well defined and generaUy accepted rules gioveming the use of our lai^uage, and it is with a sincere desire to assist and guide to higher standards of its use in book-building, and a better under- standing of modern methods and materials used in their manufacture, that this little book is sent out ACCEPTED RULES FOR PREPARATION OF COPY In the preparation of manuscript for the printer, the first consideration should be the style, and our present purpose is best served by dividing this subject into two divi^ons — literary style and typographical style. LiTSRAEY Style In its relation to the expression of thought or the appropriate use of language, style must be left entirely to the writer. Correct literary style demands that the ideas lie properly and orderly arranged ; that no part be mentioned until tiie reader is prepared to miderstand it, but tiiat each be brought to a focus at the place where it will con- tribute the greatest effectiveness to all other parts and to the whole. Qeamess, coherence and unity, all so essential to good Gompositi(»i, demand continuity of thought and of ex- pression. It is said a tiioi^;lit is not wholly bom until it is expressed. The responsibility of an author is not completed until the thoughts he expresses are received, understood and acted upon by the reader, or at least until his expressions are in a condition to be thoroughly understandable to the average reader. Carlyle is airtliority for the statement ibat an author has not been read until his object, whatever it may be» has been seen by the reader as the autiior saw it. m m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY i CHICACO HAMmillll NEW YORK Typographical Style Under this heading we present such items as relate to setting the matter in type in conformity with generally accepted rules or usage. It is a subject which commonly seems to be little understood, and should be considered just as much a part of a manuscript as the written words m expressions. How the work shall look after being set in type de- pends in greater measure than generally recognized upon the many details coming under the heading of style in the construction and arrangement of the matter in type form. By Typographical style is meant the Spelling, Capi- talization, Punctuation, Quotations, Abbreviations ; when to use Figures and when not to use them ; when to use Italics, etc. Consistency is the first law of good typographical style ; consistency in composition, in the arrangement of headings and subheadings and all the items mentioned in the above paragraph. All matter should be correct, so far as possible, in every detail before being released to the printer. Noth- ing should be left for him to remember. He is supposed to follow the typographical style indicated in the manu- script copy. In many cases the copy is distributed among several different compositors and if the manuscript is not uniformly arranged, ncitiier will it be when in type form. Page 57 m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY GkPITALIZATIOJi AND SpHXING Under tlm headinf it is suffident to say that con- m^mcy of trntment demaiids that a word be ^died comctly in every case, and that if it is capitalized in one place it should be so treated throughout, except when used in a connection that gives to the word a different meaninsr* STANDARD EULES ON PUNCTUATION Ptmctnation is a subject coming imder the heading of typographical style which is of too great magnitude to be treated here in detail. We offer briefly a few sug- gestions along lines which we believe will be most helpful, omitting those that arc so well understood as to make tiieir rqietition here unnecessary. Tlie sole purpose of punctuation marks should be to assist in making the meaning clear; and when that end is attained their further use is superfluous. 1. All direct quotations of a passage or phrase from another person in his own words should begin and end with quotation marks. 2. Double quotation marks are used for all primary quotations; for a quotation within a quotation single IIHuKS &ZB CtMTWELm W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKMCO HAMMOND NEW YORK CsmTMJMATmN Aim Speixihg Under this heading it is sufficient to say that con- sistency of treatment demands that a word he spdied correcdy in every case, and that if it is capitalized in one place it should be so treated throughout, except when used in a connection that gives to the word a different STANDARD RULES ON PUNCTUATION Punctuation is a subject coming under the heading of typographical style which is of too great magnitude to be treated here in detail. We offer briefly a few sug- gestions along lines which we believe will be most helpful, omitting those that are so well understood as to make their repetition here unnecessary. The sole purpose of punctuation marks should be to assist in making the meaning clear ; and when that end is attained their further use is superfluous. QuoTiinoifs 1. AH direct quotations of a passage or phrase from another person in his own words should begin and end with quotation marks. 2. Double quotation marks are used for all primary quotations; for a quotation within a quotation single marks are correct. W. B. CONKEY COMPANY cmcAfio RAimoiiii NEW rm/L 3. In quoted matter with two or more paragraphs, cadi new paragraph should begin with quotation marks ; but closing marks should be used only at the end of the . entire quotation. 4. Titles of books, publications, poems, lectures or other writings should be oiclosed in quotaticm nmrks. When reference is tmdt to special parts of a book as Index, Preface, etc, such words should be capitalized but mot quoted. 5. In quotations of two or more lines of poetry and five lines or more of other matter, if set in a smaller type than the body of the text, the quotation marks may be c»nitted, but if set in the same size they should always be 6. Periods and commas following direct quotations should be placed within the quotation marks ; semicolons and colons should be placed outside. Exclamation and interrogation points following direct quotations should be placed inside the quotation marie only when a part of the quoted matter. Marks of Parenthesis Marks of parenthesis are used to enclose parenthetical expressions, which are very remotely related to the sub- ject in hand, and to enclose numbers and letters used to mark divisions of an enumeration. When parenthetical matter forms the end of a declara- tive sentence any punctuation marks should follow the Pkie 61 1 CHKACO B. CONKEY COMPANY HAMMOND NEW YQML | m m mark of parenthesis unless strictly a part of tlie paren- tiictical matter. In case a complete sentence is enclosed in parenthesis the period should be placed inside the marks of paren- thesis. .BlACKSIS Bradcets are used in direct quotations to enclose words or ditoiations inserted by the one who is quoting. ABBREVIATIONS ilules governing the use of abbreviations arc most elastic because so much depends upon the diaracter and . conteact of the work. However, for present purposes we wfll divide all typographical matter into four classes— (1) lists or tabular matter, (2) bibliographical matter, (3) technical matter, and (4) ordinary straight text matter. Considering the last first; it is always best to avoid abbreviations so far as posdble in text matter. If a doubt arises at any time as to whether or not to abbre- viate, the safer method is to spell it out. In technical matter abbreviate the common designa- tions of weights and measures in the metric system: liquid and dry measure, linear measure, etc; time— in hours, minutes, seconds; strength in horsepower, candle- power; latitude and loogitude, etc m w m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHiaifiO HAMMOND NEW imK Almost every line of business has its list of recognized standard abbreviations which it is always proper to use when dealing with those subjects. In bibliographical matter it is considered proper in all references to scripture passages to abbreviate the name of the bode or books, as Gen., Isa., Matt. ; also the par- ticular version of the Bible, as R. V. (Revised Version), as well as the "volume," "chapter," "section," "column," "verse," etc., followed by their number, as Vol. 1, Sec. 29, pp. 7-9. In lists and tabular matter abbreviate the name of states, territories and possessions of the United States, following those of towns, as Colo., P. I. (Philippine Islands), Mass., etc There are a few titles that are almost always abbre- viated, as Mr., Mrs., Dr., Rev., Hon., St. (for street) ; also college degrees and military and naval titles. Other titles of honor in religious and civil forms of address should be spelled out. WHEN TO USE FIGURES 1. In general text matter it is well to avoid the use of figures as much as possible. However, it is not un- common to use them for numbers of ten or more, and when giving a series of two or more numbers together their use is preferable. 2. In general text matter it is common to use figures for 100 or above, except in large round numbers, as a million or five billions, etc. Page 63 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY 3. Smns of money are generally printed in figures. Ml large round numbers as given on page 63. 4. In statistical matter all numbers should be in %ures. 5. Dimensions, distances, wei^ts, dtffctes, percen- tige, etc, alMnild be given in figures. 6. Spell out all numbers, large or small, when used to h^itt a sentence, the age of persons or things, and the time of day except in enumerations and in connection with A. M. and P. M., when figtures should always be used. 7. Be consistent. If a mmiber is spelled out in one place it ^lonld be in every place when used in a similar comiectioii. The same ifflies in the use of figures. ITAUCS There are certain well recognized uses of the italic letter which, however much abused, serve a good purpose. Their most common use is for the purpose of giving em- phasis^ in which case they adueve their purpose if they ate used sparing^. The frequent practice of italicizing words for emphasis spoils rather than adds to the effect. 1. All foreign words and phrases plainly used as such should be printed in italics. This, however, does not include words or phrases adopted from other languages which have come into general usage. AH sudi are re- ff0cded as Ani^idzed even when retaming their original accents. Exan^ks are : debut, cafe, resume, etc. W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICACO HAMMOND NEW yORK. 2. In signatures with title or position added after the name such title or position should be italicized : e. g., John H. Jones, Secretary. 3. Certain words, phrases and abbreviations fre- quently used in literary and legal composition should always be in italics, as et ol., ibid,, idem., sic, supra, and vide. These, however, should not be confused with etc., e. g., i. e., vs., or viz., in which italics should not be used. 4. Italicize the letters of the alphabet when used to indicate subdivisions in a paragraph, as (a), (6), (c), etc. 5. Letters in options to illustrations, or in the text when referring to corresponding letters in accompanying illustrations, should in italics. 6. If a particular letter of the alphabet is referred to in the text as such, the letter g, a small d, etc., it should be italicized. 7. In resolutions italicize the word "Resolve,** but not the word "Whereas." SlLECnNG THE TyPE FaCE FOR YoUR BoOK The great majority of books are set in from 8 to 12 point type, depending on the nature of the subject treated, the purpose of the book and the class or age of people for which it is intended. Fiction is seld<»n set in less than 10 point type and frequently in 11 or 12 point, and nearly always leaded with a 1 or 2 point lead. In some cases where the subject matter is not suffi- Bftfe 65 cknt for a book of a dcstiahle siie if set in 8 or 10 point, even tiiou^ custom requires it so, it may be set m 11 or 12 point and leaded in order to make a larger sized book. In case the subject matter is too great in amount for a book of the desired size if set in an 11 or 12 pdnt type it is often aet in a smaller face if the nature of the work win permit However, the book must be easily readable, even diougb a clear, readable type makes it slightly larger than desired. School books are generally set in from 10 to 18 point type — larger type for the lower grades and younger pupils. Thin hair-line type riionld be avoided as far as fNmible in diildren's books of every diaracter, and no tfpt aiMNtld be used except the most readable, with dis- tinct lines. Eye-strain can be easily caused by small or fine lined type faces. A number of excellent t3rpe faces for general bode work are shown on pi^ 115-134 of diis book. Selecting Paper Stock for Your Book There is so much variation in the styles of books— the nature of the subject matter, the purpose it is in- tended to serve, the size of the book, the price for which it is to seU, the number of ilhistratkms it is to contain, etc, all of wfakh make eadi book or dass of books a little different from others — that the style of paper to use presents its own individual problem. Needless to say, it m IP' W. CONKEY COMPANY aacACo numMiiiiii vrnvrnK should look the part it is to W and be harmonious with others of a similar class. If the book is to contain a great many illustrations a smooth inished paper should be used. If there are few or no illustrations a bulkier paper is often best, printing the illustration on a high finished paper and tipping in at the proper place. A careful perusal of article on Book Papers, beginning on page 169 of this book, will be found he^ful in deckl- mg this most in^rtant item. Selecting the Binding for Your Book Styles for the binding of books varies but little from one decade to another. In general ail but the better bind- ii^ are now made by machine instead of by hand, which fact is responsible in large measure for the low cost of bookbinding as compared with former times. Bookbindings should be suited to the subjects treated and in general harmony with the other materials used, as paper stock, etc. It is hardly necessary to state that a poor quality of paper and a high class binding, or vice versa, do not show good taste. Consistency requires much in the book-making industry. The object of the book, the class of people who will use it and the mission it is to fill largely dictate the style of binding to use in each individual case. For detailed information on the various stj^es of binding see page 157. 6f P3 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY Pbepabing Illustbahons The illustrations in a bode ^oiild be as nearly imi- f orm in size as posabie, and tbe captions therefor should nreljr exceed two lines in kngtb-one being better if the illustration is small* (For kinds of illustrations see page 79.) FMKPMumon or Immx Most books are incomplete without an index, and the more tmtgkx the subjects treated the more necessary a comi^ete index becomes if the full iralue of the book is to be had. An index cannot, as a rule, be too liberal. Every word which will aid in directing the reader to the sub- ject he seeks should appear in the index. ORDER OF CONTENT ARRANGEMENT IN BOOKS The general order in the arrangement of the contents of a book in pages is : Half-title and blank page, blank and frontispiece, full title and copyright notice, dedica- tkm and blank page, preface, list of contents, list of illustrations, text matter, appendix, glossary aiKl index. Bwe fit' BUILDING A CATALOG Size of the Catalog The Kind of Paper to Use • m l3 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKAIGO HAMMOIfD NEW YOKK BUILDING A CATALOG A CATALOG is a vehicle lor carrying the message of those sending it to the peopie they sedc to interest in ^r merchandise or service. Unless this first essential of having a real and definite message to deliver exists, there would be little use for the catalog. The primary essential, therefore, is Thb Message In catalog compiling style is usually given very little consideration. It is well to state here, however, that the language used should be the simplest that the subject will bear, and so clearly set forth that the full meaning will be readily comprehended by every person to whom it is addressed. It should be free f rmn extravi^iant daims of svtperiority, and consist principally of direct, rather than Involved, sentences. The fewest words possiMe should he used to tell the story. Size of Catmjog When the message is in concrete form the next point to determine is the size and shape of the catalog and the number of pages it should contain. In sizes there is a great variety, but as a rule most lines of business have a more or less well establi^ed Pite 71 m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CnCtfiO IHMMWID MEVIRIUC custom as to the size of catalog best adapted to their business. Few concerns care to get out a smaller catalog than con^ietiiig houses who stq)ply catalogs of similar artadcs to Hie same trade. If the line or fidd is a new one, the character of tlie {Hroduct advertised, its cost and importance, the number of illustrations to the page, the best size for correctly displaying the articles, and the class of people who are expected to buy are all important factors to be considered ill determining the size of a catalog or booklet Naturally a large line of goods requires a catalc^ large in propGrtion; a small line in smilar proportion. A line requiring large display illustrations is usually printed on a targe sized page, depending upon the necessary amount of descriptive matter ; and those demanding small illustra- tions on a proportionately smaller page, eq^edally if the ine being advertised Is not a laige one. Sfbomeh Faces When the size has been determined, one or more s^^cd- men pages should be set tq>, unless the catalog is being modded after another which has been previously printed. The specimen pages serve as a basis for determining approximately the number of pages that will be required. Gofir AMD Layout By "copy" is meant such matter, usually in type- written or manuscript form, as is to become the sub- W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND NEW YORK "Layout" Page 73 Printed Page as Indicated in Layout ■ '■■ • ^ oF*CTn«ii ia coMVAiiy, salem, owto. v. s. a. StYcr's Advance Post Drills 9tm HAMD pomn , vqr bslt ok hand power L*wrtd Wattr l . Our aulomalie fecdinc device i» t eery latest improved inechinical coiutruction. __ .- . .iir- *ti itk of tke apindle and worked hr \ cam on L*'",'**'*': ,T>iac«m ia e o« a l i i m «J ae »a to give nearly a continMoui feed Bi Ikia aniemenl the drill don not Jam hMd Ik* work, aa ia frequently Uw caac in the uae of band drill*. T L.'""T," " ' »*'« ■ ■ ■'■' "i* "Wll tpindle and the Ubie ia at rifhl angles witk it » -l3L.il. ^k'"' n' »■•»»"« »«">>« li 2M inches. They should be iwcded about eevMtitioiu. whtcb will turn the «oindle 1?0. - - '»'»?aa'°M-Sne of >pindle. I inch: run of tpindle. J inches, sue of column. lA inches, greatest — " » *??.'* '° '«» inches; spindle turns IM times to one turn of crank on fast speed: jgyP^'W U^tpone turn of a^tndle on alow speed; drills to center of 15 inch circle and up to »w I H£ am m agiiHli bored for 14 incb rotnd shank drilla. unless otherwise ordered. . . WiW ItMii »i »ll. l7»a i«;b«a(oiiFif.Wl. I7a l5 inches). Teal hci«kl 4S iacbc*. table • gs, booklets, etc The cost of such plates is yery n^ligible. Woo© Cots Wood cuts, which are engravings on wood, are often used when special sharpness of outline is desired in re- producing illustrations of furniture, jewelry, machinery, etc They are also useful for catabgs printed on a cheap grade of pa^, but are not printed from direct by reason of the wear on their surface Electrotypes made from them are used instead for this purpose W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CmCACO HAMMONII NEW YOftK By this process gradations from a light to a dark tint can be produced, giving all the tones— light, light gray, gray, dark gray and black ; or in the color work, gradation of red to pink, etc., just as the gray is produced in the l^K:k plate. However, the blending of colors is not so successful, the copper process plates being much better adapted to this class of work. TllIT Flatis Tint i^tes usually consist of a solid piece of zinc or copper for use as a foundation or panel for a type page. They can be made with special borders cut in such a way as to add greatly to the effectiveness of type matter or illustrations. When printed under half-tones they often give a two-color effect, which is very desirable in some classes of advertising catalogs, booklets, etc The cost of sudi plates is very negligible. Wood Cuts Wood cuts, which are engravings on wood, are often used when special sharpness of outline is desired in re- producing illustrations of furniture, jewelry, machinery, etc They are also useful for catak^ printed on a cheap grade of paper, but are not printed from direct by reason of the wear on their surface. Electrotypes made from them are used instead for this purpose Page 90 CHKMaO W. B. CONKEY COMPANY NCir VOBK Electrotypes Electrotypes are not engravings, but merely metal copies of half-tones, zinc etchings, wood cuts, type pages, etc. A wax mold is made of the object to be copied, and by means of electricity copper is deposited on this mold until it attains a shell of sufficient thickness to be used in printing. It is then strengthened with a backii^ of hard metal, the standard thickness being eleven points. Elec- tros are mounted on wood or metal to make them type high. For books and other large work they are finished unmounted with beveled edges and called patent block plates. Electrotypes are much more durable than half-tones, zinc etchings, wood cuts, etc., and are generally used for large edition printing. They are also usef ul when it is desirable to duplicate the same copy many times, and in printing the results are ahnost as good as the original. Nickel-Steeltyfes Nickel-steeltypes are similar to electros, except that a deposit of steel is first made on the face of the mold which makes the printing surface hard, insuring greater wearing qualities and sharpness. They are superior to electrotypes in every respect, especially on half-tone work, because the dots in the steeltype are sharper and more like the original engraving. They are also stronger and color inks have no effect upon them as they do on elec- trotypes. (IP W. B. CONKEY COMPANY m How TO DSfSftlf 1MB THE D1MBN8IOMS OT A Cot It is iMcessary to remember that both height and width of a drawiii^ or photograph reduce proporticmatdy on a diagonal, as shown in diagram bdow. <5 St^>pose, lor instance, the size of a photograph you desire to have reduced is indicated by the rectanf^e A B Lay off a rectangle having the same dimensions on a piece of paper and draw the diagonal line, E B. Mark off on bottom line the width £ F of cut you desire y * ^^ . The point at which the perpendicular D F touches the diagonal E B will give you the height of your cut when reduced. In the same way, having marked off the height of your proposed cut— C E— you may determine its width from the point at which the diagcmal is touched by the hori- zontal line C D, Page 95 TYPOGRAPHY Tm Measurement Estimating Composition Pboof-readers' Maeks HP m i W. B. CONKEY COMPANY cmCACO HAMMOND NEW YOBK TYPOGRAPHY FOR hundreds of years the greatest medium of expres- sion, the greatest channel for the conveyance of tiioiigiit from one mind to another—hence the greatest servant of the civilized peoples of the world— has been printer's type. Types have been made by hand and machine in all the known languages of the earth and used in telling every shade of fact and story, but today the use of type is by far more extensive than ever before. Type gives us daily news of the occurrences through- out the entire world ; type educates our children and gives pleasure and instruction to us all. But— before type can perform at all it must pass through the hands of the com- positor and printer. True, machines of every description and kind have been perfected for the arrangement of types in form, but without the guiding mind and hand of the deft craftsman even they would not function. Craftsmanship can never be overcome by mere ma- chines made of iron, steel and wood. Brains, properly applied, and deft fingers correctly guided, can never be supplanted by any thoughtless material. Anybody can buy and perhaps operate a typesetting machine, but brains and ability— art in typesetting-— comes only through years of training, practice, painstaking care and understanding. The W. B. CoNKEY Company has all the necessary Page 99 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY ^fX ^^ HMmOMD NEW YORK madiinciy and cip^iiciit, and more-they have trained HBcn of understanding and ability who know from expe- rience how to bring out the best there is in a message, whether it be in a book, catalog or booklet Conkey-set type is distinguished not alone by the best known available, bnt also by the manner in wMdi it is set— tlie appearance of the finished prodiict Making Type Talk The book, catalog, or other printed matter has com- pletely failed in its mission unless it is read. It is there- fore imperative that printed matter of every sort be set in an inviting, readable style, and the more easily it can be lead tiie better will be the results. Usually the sole object of a catalog, booklet or folder 18 to sell goods— perhaps to people who are none too will- ing to read the message pertaining to them. This in- difference on the part of the reader can be overcome by writing the message in a clear, convincing manner cal- culated to get and hold the attention of the reader, and hy sdecting a suitable style of type with an inviting ap- pearance to assist in delivering the message and attaining the object sought. The former lies entirely with the author or copywriter. Regarding the latter wc offer ^e following suggestions in the selection of types. m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CMKMGO HAMMOND NEW YOMC machinery and equipment, and more— tfiey have trained men of imdcrstanding and ability who know from expe- rience how to bring out the best there is in a message, whether it be in a book, catalog or booklet. Conkey-set type is distinguished not alone by the best Icnown types available, but also by the manner in which it is set— the appearance of the finished product Making Type Talk The book, catalog, or other printed matter has com- pletely failed in its mission unless it is read. It is there- fore imperative that printed matter of every sort be set in an inviting, readable style, and the more easily it can be read the better will be the results. Usually the sole object of a catalog, booklet or folder is to sdl goods— perhaps to people who are none too will- ing to read the message pertaining to them. This in- difference on the part of the reader can be overcome by writing the message in a clear, convincing manner cal- culated to get and hold the attention of the reader, and by selecting a suitable style of type with an inviting ap- pearance to assist in delivering the message and attaining the object soug^it. The former lies entirely with the author or copywriter. Regarding the latter we offer the following suggestions in the selection of types. B«e 100 K W. B. CONKEY COMPANY 1 CHICACO HAMMOND NEW YORK Do's AND Don'ts in Type Selection Do Select type adapted to your line— one that reflects the product of which it speaks. Don't Sacrifice easy readability in an effort to secure artistic effect. Simplicity is the very foundation of good typography. Dm*t Select a fancy type to a#M|| heavy hardware or machinery, nor a heav||||^ to advertise a line of art goods. Types wluch are the most legible are in reality the most beautiful. Do Select type adapted to the space it is to fill. Dm't Use extended type for a long, narrow column with lines running the short way, nor condensed type for a long, narrow space with lines the long way. Do Select type of the proper size for your page. Don't Select large type for a small space, making neces- sary the constant breaking of words and irregular spacing of letters, nor small type to fill a large space requiring long lines, which are always hard to read. Length of line and size of type should be in proportion. Do Emphasize sparingly by use of italics or bold face, and only occasionally with a special color of ink. Don't Emphasize too much! A message, whether writ- ten or spoken, if overemphasized is not empha- sized at an. I ftyifc jf*^ f ill W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND NEW YORK mi Do's AND Don'ts in Type Selection Do Select type adapted to your line— one that reflects the product of which it speaks. Don't Sacrifice easy readability in an effort to secure artistic effect. Simplicity is the very foundation of good typography. Dm't Select a fancy type to advertise heavy hardware or machinery, nor a heavy type to advertise a line of art goods. Types which are the most legible are in reality the most beautiful. Do Select type adapted to the space it is to fill. Don'i Use extended type for a long, narrow column with lines running the short way, nor condensed type for a long, narrow space with lines the long way. Do Select type of the proper size for your page. Don't Select large type for a small space, making neces- sary the constant breaking of words and irregular spacing of letters, nor small type to fill a large space requiring long lines, which are always hard to read. Length of line and size of type should be in proportion. Do Emphasize sparingly by use of italics or bold face, and only occasionally with a special color of ink. Dm't Emphasize too much ! A message, whether writ- ten or spoken, if overemphasized is not empha- sized at all. m W< B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICACO HAMMOND Dnn'l Use ••freakish" types. They mmXiy draw atten- tkm to Hie type itself and not to the message. DofS'l Ui# t large number of styles or sizes of type in any one job. Less confusion and greater eflEec- tiveness will result BuAtioN Bbtwebm Size of Tm Am Length of Lihe Authorities differ as to the proper length of line best adapted to the various sizes of type in general usage. The following table shows about the proper length of ime, set solid, in ordinary type other than extended or condensed, tfaoui^ in books kmfer lines are f requen% used. 6 point 10 picas wide 8 point 13 picas wide 10 point .15 picas wide 12 point. 21 picas wide 14 point 24 picas wide 18 point . 30 picas wide Display type should be set in similar proportion to the above. Bold face type may be set in longer lines than light face and still be equally as readable. If matter is set leaded, it can be in Imes from one to three peas greater in lengdi without doing vblence to tiie general readability, dqiending upon the size. 104 i W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKAOO HA MMOND NEW YOMC TYPE MEASUREMENT The Pica The pica is to the printer what the yard is to a dry- goods merchant. It is a linear unit of measurement 12 points long, or }4 of an inch. The Em The em is also a unit of measurement for type based on the square of the size of the individual type, as a 6 point em, an 8 point em, etc. The em is used as a unit of area to detamine the amount of matter set in a page of type. Typesetting is usually charged for on the 1,000 em basis, i. e., so much per 1,000 ems. The smaller the size of type the larger number of cms there are in the page. The Point System Type is measured up and down, not by width, when reference is made to type sizes, each size of type being designated according to points. An inch of type space, measured up and down, contains 72 points. By dividing 72 by the size of any type in points we find the number of Unes of that type which can be set, solid, in one inch. For example, by dividing 72 by 8 we find that 9 lines of 8 point type can be set, .soHd, in a single inch. Fkge lOS W. B. CONKEY COMPANY same style of type as *XjOod Printing Brings Results" may be made in the same size, estimated in points. In "oondensed" lonn as: %ood Printing Brings Results" and also in "extended" form as: These terms, "amdensed*' and ''eactended,'' are used to indicate the width only of the type face. For spacing between lines of type, strips of metal, known as "leads," are used. Those most used vary in thickness from one to three points. When type is set without the use of these, it is said to be "solid" — ^when with them it is leaded/' The term 'leaded" nsualfy means an opening of 2 points between type lines. Thus an 8 point type "leaded" would occupy the same space as a 10 point type set "solid." Bearing in mind that the term "leaded" is to be under- stood here as meaning an opening of 2 points between type Hnes, the taMt on page 111 will be found of service in indicatii^ the number of words— approximately — whicfa a square inch of space will contain, set in various sizes of type, either leaded or solid. W# B. CONKEY COMPANY CigaiOO HAMMOND NEW YOMC ESTIMATING COMPOSITION To find the number of ems in any given page, set solid, multiply the length of line in picas by 12 (the number of points in a pica) and divide by the size of type in which the matter is to be set The result is the number of ems in the line. Multiply this by the number of lines on the page to get the total number of ems to the {loge. Another method of estimating type is to multiply the length of the line in points (12 points to the pica or 72 points to the inch) by the depth of the page in points to get the number of square points on the page, and divide by the square of the number of the points in which the type is set. For example— a page measuring 4x6 inches or 24x36 picas is set in 8 point type, how many ems are there on the page? One inch contains 72 points, therefore 4, the number of inches in the width of the page, X 72 = 288 ; and 6, the number of inches in the depth of the page, X 72=432. 432X288=124,416, the number of square points on the page. Dividing 124,416 by 64 (8X8=64, the square of the size in which the matter is set)=l,944, the total number of ems on the page. Page 107 W. B, CONKEY COMPANY NEW YOUL Estimating Number of £ms in Any Given Copy 1. Count the words in ten lines of copy. 2. Divide result by ten to ascertain the number oi words in an avemgie line. 3. Ascertain liie nomber of lines on an average page of copy. 4. Multiply this sum by the number of words per line» which gives the number of words per page of copy. 5. Multiply this by the number of pages of copy, which gives the total number of words in copy. 6b Divide the number of words of copy by the number of words per 1,000 ems td tiie type it is desired to use as siiown in tiie table bdow. The result win be the total ntunber of ems in the copy. HANDY INFORMATION ON TYPE Size of Type Words ca SoUd ual«000 Square inches in 1,000 ems Number of ems in 1 pound 5 pomt. ...... Xf UVIU^'. ...... 8 pdm.. it point. ...... 305 312 370 385 373 389 207 222 259 289 303 306 3.91 6.94 12.35 19.29 23.34 27.78 1,024 576 324 207 171 144 The abofc figures are approximate and vary slightly with diiercnt ilgto of type lace; Uusy are based on the solid slug. Wm tit w. CUKMiO B. CONKEY COMPANY HAPHOND NEW rmK BELATIVE SIZES OF TYPE IN EMS Ushig as a basis a page containing 1.000 ems set m 12 point, the number of ems in the same size page m- creases in proportion as the type fece is reduced m size: A page set in 12 point contains 1000 ems. The same page set in 11 point contmns 1190 cms. The same page set in 10 point contains 1440 ems. The same page set in 9 point contains 1778 ems. . The same page set in 8 point contains 2250 ems. The same pa^ set in 7 point contains 2939 ems. The same page set m 6 point contains 4000 ems. NUMBER OF EMS TO RUNNING INCH In Columns 10 to 30 Picas Wide _ Cdumn Width in Picas 12 pt Pica 11 pt... SmallPw* 10 pt. Long Primer 9 pt Bourgeois 8 pt Brevier 7 W Minion 6 pt Noowrea Syi pt. Afrte 10 60 72 86 107 135 177 240 288 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 78 86 93 100 107 114 121 128 136 143 95 104 112 121 129 138 147 155 164 173 117 128 139 149 160 171 181 192 203 213 148 162 175 189 202 216 229 243 256 270 194 212 229 247 265 282 300 318 335 353 264 288 312 336 360 ^84 408 432 456 480 [316 344 372 400 428 4S6 484 512 544 S72 "IT 22 23 24 "iT 1 26 "27" "IT "29" "30 126 132 138 144 150 156 162 168 174 180 150 157 164 171 178 185 192 200 207 214 181 190 199 207 216 225 233 242 250 259 224 235 246 256 267 277 288 299 309 320 283 297 310 324 337 351 364 378 391 405 371 388 406 424 441 459 477 494 S12 529 504 528 552 576 600 624 648 672 696 720 600 628 656 684 712 740 768 800 828 9S6 Olumn Width in Bcas 12 nt P>ca apt:::.:... smaii rc* 10 pt Loot P"nicr 0 it Bourgeois 1 Pt Brevier 7 pt Minion 6 pt Nonpareil ft Agate Fkge 109 B. CONKEY COMPANY m CHICAGO HMmomi MSVYORK 1 NUMBER OF EMS IN SQUARE INCHES Square Inch 6pt - 7pt . 8pt. 1 9pt 10 pi t. 11 pt . 12 pt 1 144 loe i 81 I- 52 ' oo 2 288 212 • 162 12^ \ 104 I- i 77 3 432 318 243 192 \ 156 4.. 576 424 324 25^ \ 208 720 530 405 320 \ 260 1 21'5 X.CKJ 6 864 636 486 384 312 7 1008 742 567 448 364 Ov/l 8 1152 848 648 512 416 OtO 99SI ^oO 9 1296 954 729 576 468 OJSrr 10 1440 1060 810 640 520 430 360 11 A« a ........ . 1 COA 1584 1166 961 704 572 473 396 12 1728 1272 972 •768 624 516 432 1872 1378 1053 832 676 559 468 14 2016 1484 1134 896 728 602 504 IS 2160 1590 1215 960 780 645 540 16 2304 1696 1296 1024 832 688 576 17. «••........ 2448 1802 1377 1088 884 733 612 2592 1908 1458 1152 936 776 648 19 : 2736 2014 1539 1216 988 819 684 20. : 2880 2120 1620 1280 1040 862 720 21 : mi 2226 1701 1344 1092 905 756 22 : 5168 2332 1782 1408 1144 948 792 23 : J312 2438 1863 1472 1196 991 828 24 : ;456 2544 1944 1536 1248 1034 864 25.. ^ ;600 2650 2025 1600 1300 1077 900 Face 110 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CmCACO HUmOND NEW tURK WORDS TO THE SQUARE INCH 5 point, leaded. ....... .50 5 point, solid 69 6 point, leaded 34 6 point, solid 47 7 point, leaded 27 7 point, solid 38 8 point, leaded 23 8 point, solid. 32 9 point, leaded 21 9 point, solid 28 10 point, leaded 16 10 point, solid 21 11 point, leaded 14 11 point, solid * .17 12 point, leaded .11 12 point, solid .14 14 point, solid. 11 18 point, solid 7 MEASUREMENT OF COMPOSITION SET IN STANDARD BOOK MEASURES Table showing the ntimber of ems to a line, and the niiinber of lines contained in 1000 ems of matter, standard book measures. Also the space, in inches, filled by 1000 ems of matter in the different measures. 21 Ems Pica 23 Kms Pica 25 Ems Pica SIZE OF No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. TYPE ems lines ins. ems lines ins. ems lines ins. in a 1000 1000 in a 1000 1000 in a 1000 1000 line ems ems line ems ems line ems ems 6 point. . . 42 24 2 46 215^ 50 20 1% 8 point. . . 315^ 32^ 35 285^ 354 37^ 3 10 point . . . 2554 395^ 27H 36 5 30 33H 11 point... 23 43^ 25 40 2754 5^ 12 point . . . 21 48 8 23 43^ m 25 40 6JS Flags 111 1 iH^^^l W. B. CONKEY COMFANY CHKSCa UAMMOMD MBir YOKK IP la PROOF-READER'S MASKS These marks are in universal use, and not only save the time which would be required to explain corrections in writing, but also are best adapted to the limited amomit of space availaUe on the avenge proof -sheet for come- taons. When proof contains a nnmher of errors, draw a line from each mark in the type to a corresponding mark in tiiemai^. Read all proof-sheets carefully, especially for names, addresses, technical terms, and grammatical construction. Often, when a proof is not read attentively, errors will he overlooked, and once a final proof has been returned these cannot he remedied. Return the original copy with the proof and mark •t). K.** or **0. K. with Corrections," as the case may be. Sign your name also to each proof-sheet you correct, in order that the printer may know it has been read by the proper person. If you desire that revised proofs he sent you, after corrections have been made, make a note of this on the corrected proof also. Do not send whal explanations by messenger. W. B, CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND NEW YORK PROOF-READERS' MARKS X dwnge bad letter 1 V Superior figure J. Rnh down apace Inferior %ure 9 Turn over for] Moveo\-er 9i (?) A Left out; insert OHl, «. C. Out. see copy f O Enii]uad space V Even spacirig One-«n dash Two-em dash Close up entirely Paragraph Raise No paragraph Lower m.f. Wrong font iff Scrai^iten liim Let it stand O Period - ^abky^Mj dear Moiae: It jfm very pleasantfor me to get a letter from you^tHeK^i^ay. Perhap^ should:;/j|: ^ykave foundit pleasanter if I had been able to decipher 1 don't Op JL, thinldp mastered an^jing bevond m# the date (which I knew), and the s^nature (which I guessed at). v» There's a singu/ar and perpetual charm m a letter of yonryfir never i/ 41b pmvs old; It nevnioses its novelty. ' ^ lT)ne can say to one's self every - Q mommg / * There's that letter of Wh fHorses; lha vcn't j;g d it yet./-l O ^ think Il|^^anothei£k^at it to- * ^ day and maybe I shall be able» in ^ m »| BWiffiOT of a lew y^^frs, to make C oj)t i{f at he means by those t's that like w^y and tho se i's that ^^*»./4iaven*t m mbrewsl^ Other le^ jC ate reaoUand forgotten, but *^ur8 arc lyept forever— unread. will Jast a reasonable ^ Admiringly yours. Page 114 SPECIMEN TYPE PAGES liiiiiliiiiiiB W. B, CONKEY COMPANY CHICACO HAMMOND NEW YORK SPECIMEN TYPE PAGES OUR plant is equipped with many linotype machines which produce the highest grade of book and catalog work at an enormous saving in time and money. These are handled by skilled operators, whose work reaches a degree of perfection rarely attained by hand composition. We also employ type-casting machines — ^thus placing at the disposal of our customers all the new, clear type faces that are practical for our use. Type once used in printing is immediately thrown in our melting pot and new type recast from it, thus insuring clear, sharp type in every job, as type once on the press is more or less defaced and the sharpness of the letter injured. All matter passing through our G)mposing Room has at least two readings with complete revises, and if it is technical matter it is read from three to five times, thus insuring absolute accuracy. Our display men are skilled craftsmen, trained by long experience to bring out the latest and best results in display and book composition ; as a result the finished books are as pleasing to the eye and as economical in production as possible. It is impossible in a book of this size, neither is it necessary, to show more than a very few of the great number of type styles in constant use in our Composing Room. Those shown on the following pages are amongst the best and most generally used in book and catalog composition. nj mi W. B. CONKEY COMPANY aaaico hamiiond new yoml • 9mm Old Slyl* mA Smll Cam aad Itilie Vwii i» tfM MMM ftMh Mt MUi 31. iHllli 2S Ofi# sbi§k Uumgki or idea ptainty and ftmStfy expressed it man pomt tim oaagr tmt vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a mediam lor co nveyin g tlioai^ and ideas from one mind to another, and in oar printed expressions, no less tiian oar spoken bngnagc^ lomai^ most be prao- tieed. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ abcdefghijklnmopqrstuvwx abcdefghijWmnopqrstnvwx 1234567890 1234567890 B. CONKEY COMPANY cHiaifio HAMMOND MEW YOaK E 10 point Modern wi^ Small Gaps aad ItaUe Words to the square inch tet iblid 21, kadsi 1« One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly ex- pressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a medium for eonveying thoughts and ideas from one mind to another, aiid in our printed expressions, no less than our spoken ABCDEFGHIJKLMN ABCDEFGHIJKLMN abcdefghijklmnopqrstu abcdefghijklmnopqrstu 1234567890 small caps 1234567890 10 point Modem widi Antique Wttrdt t» fha •dMi* iadi Mt toiid 21, Iwded 16 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly ex- pressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a medium for conveying thoughts and ideas from one mind to another, and in our printed expressions, no less than our spoken ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO ABCDEFOHUKUWO abcdefghijklmnopqrstu *^^®^«f^J^^5S?£SSS 1234567890 11 point Modern with Small Caps and Italic Words t» th* tqwu* iach set solid 17, leaded 14 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a naedium for conveying thoughts and ideas from one mmd to another, and in our printed expressions, no less than our spoken language, diplomacy must be ABCDEFGHUK A^^W^F"^^ abcdefghijktamop ""^^^^fi^'i^lT^^^ 1234567890 bmauu caps 1234567890 Page 12S W. B, CONKEY COMPANY CmfiO IH MU ni i B MSW YOBK 10 point Modern with Small Caps and Italic Words to the square inch set solid 21, iwdtd 16 One tingU thaugki or idea plainly and forcibly ex- prased is more poloit than many but vaguely told. ^Vpes were made to aenre as a medium for conveying tionglits and ideas from one mind to another, and in our printed expressions, no less than our spoken language, diplomacy must be practiced. The tone and inflection of the buman iroiee may aid or binder the attainment of snccess in the things attempted. €k»rreq[Mmding exaetJy with these tones and inieetions of the voiee is the wide variety of styles and siaes in type used for printing. As the tone of the voice is of prime importance in making favorable first impres- sions, so also is there a certain type adapted to each idea, capable of producing a favorable impression on the mind of your reader preparing him for the thought you want to plant. This is a day of superlatives, when the hesi goods, the best service, the best of everything wins--after they have been demonstrated as best. The Concern who tdh the world about their product or service in a clear, forci- ble and pleasing manner has already started climbing on the road to success. In this connection Conkey Ser- vice, backed by the experience of nearly fifty years in type setting and arrangement, can lend vital assistance. CSonkey-set type is distinguished not alone by the best known types available, but also by the manner in which ABCDEFGHIJKLMN ABCDEPQHIJKLMN 1234567890 muUs om lM3^78$a B. CONKEY COMPANY CHiaifiO MMIMOND NEW 8 point B«doai with Small Gaps tad Italic Words to til* •qonro iMh Mt aoiid 28» loadod 21 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly expresaed U more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to terve as a medium for conveying thoughts and ideas from one mind to another, and in our printed expressions, no less than our spoken language, diplomacy must be practiced. The tone and inflection of the human vnice may aid or hinder the attainment of success in the things attempted. Corresponding exactly with these tones and inflections of the voice is the wide variety of styles and sizes in type used for printing. As the tone ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR ABCDEFGHIJKIMNOPQR abcdefghijkhnnopqrstuvwxy ^d^l^fl'^Pffli^JSlk 1234S67890 SMAISL caw lZS4^7WfO 10 point Bodoni with Small Caps and Italie Wordf to the square llii itft tolid 18, leaded 16 One mgle thought or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a medium for conveying thoughts and ideas from one mind to another, and in our printed expressions, no less than our spoken lan- ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw 1234567890 small caps 1234567890 12 point Bodoni with Small Gaps and Italie Wwds te tlM a««sve laA aeC adid IS, leaded 12 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely tolcL Types were made to serve as a medium for conveying thou^ts and ideas from one mind to ABCDEFGHIJKLMN ABCDEFGHIJKLMN abcdefghijklmnopqrstu abcdefghijklmnopqrstu 1234567890 small caps 1234567890 Page 127 m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CMClfiO HMOMIO NEW VOBK 10 point No. 16 with Small Caps and Italic Words to the square inch set solid 20, leaded 15 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than maigr but vaguely told, l^pes were made to serve as a medium for eonveying thoughts and ideas from one mind to another, and in our printed expressions, no less than our spoken language, diplomacy must be practiced. The tone and inflection of the human voice may aid or hinder the attainment of success in the things attempted. Corresponding exactly with these tones and inflections of the voice is the wide variety of styles and sizes in type used for print- ing. As the tone of the voice is of prime impor- tance in maidng f avwaUe first impressions, so also is there a certain type adapted to each idea, capable of producing a favorable impression on the mind of your reader preparing him for the thoigdit you want to plant Tlis is a day of superlatives, when the best goods, the best service, the best of everything wins— after they have been demonstrated as best The Concern who telis the world about their prod- uct or service in a clear, forcible and pleasing manner has already started climbing on the road to success. In this connection Conkey Service, ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO ABCDEFGHUKLMNO abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghiiklmnopqrst 1234567890 aii all caps 12S4567m FSiCe 128 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKAQO mMMONII NEW YORK 12 poiiit Scotch with Small Gapt and Italia W«rds to the fqure imIi wt lolid 14, ImM 11 One single thought or idea plainly and forci- bly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a medium for conveying thoughts and ideas from one mind to another, and in our printed expres- sions, no less than our spoken language, diplo- macy must be practiced; The tone and inflection of the human voice may aid or hinder the attainment of success in the things attempted. Corresponding exactly with these tones and inflections of the voice is the wide variety of styles and sizes in type used for printing. As the tone of the voice is of prime importance in making favorable first impres- sions, so also is there a certain type adapted to each idea, capable of producing a favorable im- pression on the mind of your reader preparing him for the thought you want to plant. This is a day of superlatives, when the best goods, the best service, the best of everjrthing wins — ^af ter they have been demonstrated as best. ABCDEFGHIJKL ABCDEFGHIJKL abcdef ghi j klmnopqrs ahcdefghijklmnopqrs 1234567890 small caps 1234^67890 Page 129 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY OM Styit wkk Sorall Gtap* and One scmie iJ^omAl or idea plainly and forcibly exprttacd is more potent than mumy bat vagndy loM. Types were Bade to serve as a medium for comcyiag tho«el* and ideas hmt ene miiid to aaodieff^ ressMM» m km than oar ipokai laagMte^ dipio- and in our printed macy must be practiced. ^"^^^^^t/^""^ ^ 4* kBMi voice may aid or hinder the a Wainmrn t Mllli|H|^ At ifwrigii aMaaptod. Comspomfiag a aa c dy ABCDEFGHOflJ^IOPqRS ABCDEFCHIJKLMNOPQRS abcdefghijklm uupiima fw iyt «iUd^MymnopqTstttt>nM 1234567890 mu. cm 10 point Cheltenham Old Style with Small Caps and Italia Words to the square inch set solid 22, leaded 17 One mgh iMgfcl or idea plainly and fordbly dprened it more potent than inaay but vagii^y txJd. Types were made to serve as a medhna lor um f cyiu g dioii^bts and ideas ^tom one mmd to another, and in our printed eq»essions, no less dian our spoken language, diplonacy must be prac^ced. ABCDEFGHIJiCLMNO ABCDEFCHIJKLMNO abcdefghijklmnopqnlnvwiy tAcdrfgMjkfmnofiqrstwfiPx^ 1254567890 small caps 1234567B90 n pate O i a lte nhaBi OM Styla wkli SoMdl Gaps and ftafia WeiiB to lie aaam iask sat solid 18» Mai 12 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a medium fur convey- ing tliou|jhs and ideas feom cue nund to anodier, and ABCDEFGHIJKLM ABCDEFCHIJKLM abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv 1234567890 small caps 1234567890 130 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CnCACO HAMMOND NEW YORK 12 point Cheltenham Old Style with Small Caps and Itali Words to the square inch set solid 15, lesded 12 One smgie thaughi or idea plainly and forcibly ex- inressed is more potent iian many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a medium for conveying tfaouslits and icieas from one mind to anotber, and in our printed expressions, no less than our spoken lan- guage, diplomacy must be practiced. The tone and inflecticm of the human voice may aid or hinder the attainment of success in the things at- tempted. G)rresponding exactly with these tones and inflectiims of the voice is the wide varkty of styles and rizes in type used for printing. As the tone of the voice is of prime importance in making favorable first im- pressions, so also is there a certain type adapted to each idea, capable of ppoduckg a favorable impression on the mind of your reader prqiarmg him for die thought you want to plant. This is a day of superlatives, when the best goods, the best service, the best of everything wins — after they have been demonstrated as best. The G>ncem who tells the world about their product or service in a clear, forcible and {^easing mannar has already started climb- ing on die road to success. In this connection Ccnkey ABCDEFGHIJKLM ABCDEFCHIJKLM abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv abcdefghijklmnopqrstup 1234567890 small caps 1234567890 I m IP m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY cwcm HAMMaMD wcmimK 8 point Cheltenham Wide with Cheltenham Bold Words to the square inch tct solid 32, leaded 23 One single thoaght or idea plainly and forcibly expressed itt more potent than naany but vaguely told. Types were made to mmnm m m wamSnm Imr conveying thoughts and i«ieas from MM waSmd to anotlMrt aadi in our printodl esproesioiis, no lose tilnn our spoken language, diplomacy must be practiced. The tone and inflection of the human voice may aid or luader the attainment of success in the things attempted. Cor- ■oqiiiiiiiiiiig oaucdy ifilk these tonot and ittfioctiofw of ABCDEFCHlJiajMOPQRS ABCDEF€liUiajilNOPWS abcdefghijklmnopqrctavwiqr ■jifidrfghMliH pgrstuvwxy 1234567890 1234587880 18 poiBt rhmltiirfi— Wy» with ChtlffBhMii Bold Wstds ts the sf ars ieak sst ssKd 21, ksdsi 16 Okie tingle thought or idea plainly and forcibljr expressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a medium for conveying tiboaslits and ideas horn one mind to another, and in our printed fxpreiiwons, no less than our q>oken Ian- Suag^ dqilomai^ must be practiced* ABCDEFGHIJICLMNO ABCDEFGHUKLMNO abcdefghijUmnopqrstov abcdefghijklmncHKirstar 1234567890 1234567890 8 point Title No. 2 with Title Italic Words to the sqaare inch set solid 32, leaded 23 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly ex- pressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a mediom for conveying thoughts aad ideas freoi one mind to aasther* and in our printed expressions, no less tlMM aur spokea langnage, diplooMicy must be practiced. The tone and inflection of the human voice may aid ABCDEFQHIJKLMNOPQR ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR akcdeffghijklanMpqrstavwx aMH ghiitammmnimvwx iai48^t90 t$i4MrS9§ W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CmCACO HAMMONP NEW YORK 6 point Csslon No. 3 with Italic Wsrds t» ths sqpwt iMh sst tsUd 48, Icuded 35 Om siuglt tkmgkt or Umt pUinly and forcibly expressed is more potent dian many but vafuely told. Types were made to serve as a medium lor eonveyinf thou|bts and idea* from one mind to another, and in onr printad •zpraasioM. no laaa tlwe ner apokae ln|wii> Sfiammer «Mt be praetiead. n* loM aad inlaedae «i A» hUHM ▼oice may aid or hinder the at- tainment of success in the things attempted. Gorrespondint exactly with these tones and inaecUons of the ▼otoe is the wide yariety of styles and sizes in type used for printini. As the torn ef the vaiaa ia ef priM ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV ABCDBPGmJEtMNOFQkSTaV mmim 8 point Caslon No. 3 Words to the sqnsre inch set solid 32, landed 2S One single t/tougltt or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types^ were made to serve at a medium for eonveying thouihtt Uftd ideas irom ons nuul to another, and in our printed expressions, no less man our q>oken language, diplomacy must be practiced. The tone and inflection of the human voice may aid or hinder the attainment of success in the things attempted. Correspond- ing ezaedy with theio tones and tnlleetions of Ae voice is the ABGDEPGHIJKLMNOPQR ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR abcdefghijidnuMpqrtlnvwxyz ^•^'^^i^'^KtlP^^^^^^^^.*^ 12345678M 1234567890 10 point Caslon No. S widi Itidie Wofda t» lie s«Mra hwh sst solid 21, iMdod 16 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a medium Usac conveying thoughts and ideas froni one mind to an- other, and in our printed expressions, no less than ABCDEFGHIJKLMN ABCDEFGHIJKLMN abcdefghijklnmopqrstu abcdefghijklmnopqrstu 1234567890 1234567890 FSfe 133 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY MEW YORK 12 point Caslon No. 3 with Italic Words to tlw tquro iaeh Mt aolid 14, loadod 11 One smgle thought or idem plainly and lixrciUjr eaqnressed is more potent than many but iragnely told. Types were made to serve ABCDEFGHIJKL ABCDEFGHUKL abcdefghijklniiiopcirs abcdefghiiklmnopqrs 1234S67890 12345w8P0 14 point Caslon No. 3 with Italic Wmnb to the squaro iMb mC Mlid 10, loadtd 8 One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely toliL Types ABGDEFGHIJK ABCDEFGHIJK abcdefghijkhiiiiiip abcdefghijklmnop 1234567890 1234567890 14 point Aatiqiw widi IlaKe iaih Mt aoHd li. Im^M • ^^^^^^ ^^^w ^m^MnRi ifll^^i iMHTCHnS VF One single thought or idea plainly and forcibly expressed is more potent than many but vaguely told. Types were made to serve as a mediimi for ABCDEFGHIJK ABCDEFGHIJK abcdefghijklmnop abcdeighijklmnop 1234567890 1234S67890 m PRINTING W. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO BAMMONll VEW YOBK PRINTING PRINTING is done on different styles of presses, of which there arc many kinds, consisting of the flat bed, the perfecting, the two-color, three-revolution, the rotary, the all-sized rotary, and many others, all having Oieir use in the different classes of work required. The most common and best press for book prindng is the flat bed press, made by high grade printing press concerns. The type or plates arc made into a form and sur- rounded by a chase, which is securely fastened by lock- ing to the bed of the press. The rollers covered with ink are then rolled over the form. The sheet to be printed is fed into the press at the top of the cylinder, and the cylinder with sheet attached is rolled over the form, which makes the impression in printing. The pressman then makes the form ready by either underlay or overlay, so that the underlays under the type and the overlays on the cylinder mala the surf ace of the type absolutely even, and make a perfect impressioii on the sheet of paper. The lock-up men and pressmen have wide experience, and are specialists in high grade book and catalog printing. AH methods of mechanical, as well as hand-cut over- lays are used for different classes of work, enabling the production of most perfect results in afl grades of print- ing, in colors as well as black. Psce 139 W. B, CONKEY COMPANY CHKMO MAMMOI© NEW 1WKK PRINTING PRINTING is done on different styles of presses, of which there are many kinds, consisting of the flat bed, the perfecting, the two-color, three-rcvoltttion, the rotary, the all-sized rotary, and many others, all having their use in the different classes of work required. The most common and best press for book printing is the fkt bed press, made by high grade printing press concerns. The type or plates are made into a form and sur- rounded by a chase, which is securely fastened by lodg- ing to the bed of the press. The rollers covered with ink are then rolled over the form. The sheet to be printed is fed into the press at the top of the cylinder, and the cylinder with sheet attached is rolled over the form, which makes the impression in printing. The pressman then makes the form ready by either underlay or overlay, so that the underlays under the type and the overlays on the cylinder make the surface of the type absolutely even, and make a perfect impression on the sheet of paper. The lock-up men and pressmen have wide experience, and are specialists in high grade book and catalog printing. All methods of mechanical, as well as hand-cut over- lays are used for different classes of work, enabling the production of most perfect results in all grades of print- ing, in colors as well as bbck. Page 139 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CMCACO HAMMOND MEW WK The Pressroom contains a large number of the klest Hyle presses, printh^ fleets ranging in size from 38x50 1^ to 49x74 indies, and each of these machines is in perfect order, being rigid and strong, with perfect raster and splendid ink distribution. The quality of ink is an important factor. We use only the best grades obtainable, and in many cases re- grind inks for special purposes in our own ink factory. The pqier for each piece of work is subjected to a care- ful andysis before printing, and the ink selected which is especially fitted for the paper, in order that the best possible results will be produced. ECONOMY IN COLOR PRINTING Editxtfs, Compilers and Publishers frequently desire ilustrations printed in one or more additional colors, which can be so placed as to make it necessary to run the sheet through the press only once for each color. To aid in arranging such a cokir scheme the f dbw- %tahle is giwn, indicating with a drde all po^ which print on one side of the sheet Of course, the figures without ^tlt drdes also indicate the pages which, when printed, will appear on the reverse side of the sheet. This arrangement applies particularly to work which is to be run in 16 page forms or larger. Bife 140 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY cmCACO HAMMOND NEW tOMC A book or catalog with any number of pages above 16 can be arranged in this manner. ® © ® (g) @ # % 2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58 3 11 19 27 36 43 51 59 0 @ icy ® # ® @ @ # 54 f 14 22 30 3S 46 62 15 23 31 39 47 63 ® m » Page 141 ni-t|fc|-"n cn U OS H O H O :s < cn 09 Q < O OS 0Q o o x I >^ OS Q Z o PAMPHLET, CATALOG AND BOOKBINDING Pamphlet Binding Bookbinding Bookbinding Materials 'I k f ;l! Ui on I PAMPHLET, CATALOG AND BOOKBINDING Pamphlet Binding Bookbinding Bookbinding Materials W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICACO HAHMOMD NEW IPDRK PAMPHLET, CATALOG AND BOOK- BINDING Folding Printed Sheets AS soon as printed sheets become dry they are taken » to the folding machines. These machines handle sheets rangiiig in sizes Irom 3x4 inches up to 45x62. There are three distiiict types of machine; first the Multiple, such as Double 16's and Double 32's; second the Quadruples, 32's and 16's; and lliird the jobbii^ class, which folds a straight hand fold in 8's, 12*8, 16's, 24's and 32*s. The most common methods of folding forms are called right angle, parallel and oblong. A right ani^e fold is called a straight 16 page form, three folds, each being at right^|^^ the preceding one. The first fold is from riglit to left, the second toward the body, and the third from left to right. Ma- chines will also fold one 32 or two 16's inserted. An insert is one 16 page form inserted inside of another 16 page form, called the outsert. The same can be done with two 32's, making a 64 page form. A 32 page form is folded in the same manner as a 16 page, but has four folds. The parallel fold is used where forms are printed "two on," or called "two up," i. e., two pages just alike- one on top of the other. This binds two sheets at once which when cut in half make two separate books or Page 147 sheets. It always folds parallel ; die sheet never turns, folding over and over. A 16 page form has three folds. A 32 page lofm is also handled as a parallel with fonr folds. An ohkmg fold is one wider than it is high. It is made by folding the sheet two folds parallel and then putting in the third fold at right angles with the other two. This is usually hand work. A qnadnq>le f oldii^r nadnoe is one eqiedaUy built for four 16 page f onns of long runs. It is equipped with an automatic feeder. It folds four separate 16 page fofins from a full 64 page sheet. It slits in three places, delivering four 16's. It inserts on the machine two 16's, making a 32 page, and two 32's, making a 64 page pamphlet. The point folders used for small runs and accurate folding are fed hy hand On tiie forms are punched holes liscd as a guide in folding. Some fold 16 pages right ani^e, others two 16's inserted, which equal a 32 page form. There are other machines which fold 4, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 page forms, also 2 and 3 up, but when arranging odd size copy it is always wdl to consult the printer so that it win fit his madune, dras avoidii^ hand work, which is slower and much more expensive. Gathekihg Am COLLATmC After the printed sheets are folded they aJre laid out for tipping in ^>ecial inserts, illustratkms and end sheets W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAimOND NEW YOUC whidi is done both by hand and machine, then these forms or signatures are gathered in ccmsecutive order and taken to the Sewing Department if a sewed book, and to the Wiring Stitching Department if a stitched book or catalog. In large editions the signatures are placed in an automatic gathering machine, which does this work much more quickly than is possible by hand. After gathering each book is collated to see that no forms are missing and that they are in sequence. Pamphlet Binding Pamphlets and small catalogs are inserted in paper covers, if a cover is used, and wire stitched with two or three stitches through the back of the book, called saddle wire stitching, or sidewise through the back margins and called side wire stitching. Pamphlets, books or flyers ranging from 4 to 64 pages printed on medium weight paper, and as many as 96 pages if printed on very light weight paper can be saddle wire stitched. Thicker catalogs are usually side wire stitched. In this style of binding a wider back margin is left to allow space for stitches so that the book will be readable when bound. All flat stitched or sewed books are gathered or collated in 16 or 32 page sections. Glued-on Covers All side wire stitched catalogs and some sewed boc^- lets are glued into the cover. Care should be taken to 149 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKAOO HAMMOND NEW YQBK m •ekd oofver papers tet wffl adhere firmly to the bade of the hook; also that the gram of the cover paper nms the right way, so that it will not wrinkle when glued or break when folded. Automatic covering machines are used to cover paper covered books or panq^hlets, varying from ^ inch to mdbcs in thidmess and almosl any length, and do it mndi neater tiian can be done by hand— there is no smearing of the ink used in printing the backbone of the cover and the glue adheres to the backbone evenly and does not soil the inside oi the first and last pages. MmmmacaiG Fntsr and Last Foems In cases where books have bard usage, it is often wdl to reinforce the first and last sections of the bo<^ with a muslin strip. This means that strips of doth are pasted around the edges of the first and last forms and then sewed into the book in the usual way. The strips of doth extend under the end papers which are pasted inside the covcra and reinforce the hinge joints and also give added strength in holding the book to the cover. £iiD Sheets End sheets are the first and last sheets that are lined up to the and are usually heavier than the paper used for the body of the bode As a rule tii^r are made ni0e ISS B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAIGO HAMMOND NEW YORK double tl^ r^:ular ps^e size of the book, i. e., four pages instead of two. They are folded once and tipped on the outside of the first and last forms before sewing. When the book is put into the cover the outside sheet is lined up to the cover, thus becoming one of the strongest factors for holding the book in place. In cheaper grades of books the end sheets are gen- erally of plain white paper, of a heavier, stronger and more durable quality than used in the body of the book. In better bindings lithographed, marbled and cover papers of various colors and grades are used. The color of the end sheets should always be har- monious with the color of the binding material. Cloth Joined End Sheets Qoth joined means just what its name implies — a cloth joint, which is made by dividing the end sheet into two parts and joining them together with a strip of suit- able doth. In large, heavy books cloth joints serve as a reinforc- ing for the hinge joint of the cover, helping to hold the book in place, enable it to be opened easily and to have a better appearance. Book Sewing Books consisting of 64 pages or more are usually sewed on a book sewing machine which permits its pages to be opened dear to the backbone. Page ISI ! W. B. CONKEY COMPANY cmCAfiO RMOMMD NEW WML The Smythe book sewing machine makes a block stitch along the backbone of the sections and is used for all medium and large size books, ranging up to 12x18 inches. The Singer sewiii^ inadune stitch is very similar to that of the dmnestic sewing machine and is used in sew- ing together sections of flat opening books and in school text-books up to }i inch in thickness for use by small children where extra strength is required. Tafbs Heavy books are frequently sewed on cloth tapes, i e., two, or in specially heavy books three tapes are inserted through the stitches in sewing and the ends ex- tended an indi or two so that when the book is cased into the cover the tapes are securely ftfl&neit ietween the end sheets and the board in the cover. Smashing and Trimming After the book is sewed and before cutting, it is fed into smashing machines or book compressors that tightly compress the folded sheets together in order to take all the swell out of the back of the book, so that when the hook is i^aced in the cutting madunes it will he of even tfiickness and can be cut accurately to fit the covers which win be pasted on the book later on. It is necessary that the cutting of the book be done accurately and uniformly, as it is most important that Jhmt 152 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY 1 cmayco HAMMOND the cover and the trimmed book fit properly, and in order to have tmiform squares on the finished book. Rounding and Backing After the book is trimmed and the hades have been glued up with flexible glue in order to keep the book from cracking, the backs are allowed to partially dry, and before the glue has become thoroughly set, the book is fed into a rounding and backing machine which rounds the back of the book by passing through a pair of steel rollers, after which the back is firmly set into the jaws of the machine and the very heavy steel roller allowed to roll over the back, which forms the joint of the book. Great care must be taken in this operation in order that the joint of the book may be uniform, and that the jaws do not cut the end sheets. Books which are to be finished with a flat back do not pass through this process, but go directly from the trim- ming machines to the finishing department. Headbanding and Lining After the book has been rounded and backed, it goes to the headbander and liner, who again glues the back with flexible glue, and then places on the back a heavy super, or cheesecloth, which holds the book into the cover and which extends over the joints of the book usually one-half inch on each side, and covers the backbone within one-quarter of an inch of the head and tail, after which either one or two back linings are pasted on the backbone W. CONKEY COMPANY NEv mm of the book, for which a heavy fibrous paper is used, and which is thoroughly rubbed in in order to make it strong, yet at the same time perfectly flexible. In case headbands are used, they are put on the book before the linings. After tiie book has been headbanded and lined, it is allowed to dry (the flexible glue preventing it from becoming absolutely dry), after which the book is ready to be cased in. Gam, Makbled and Stained Edges Many of the better grade books are given a fancy Gold may be used for all three edges of a book or only on the top. If the book is library size it is considered good taste to put gold on the top and leave the other two edges plain. Marbling and staining are put on all three edges. The color of the stain or marbling ^ould harmonize with the cdor of the binding material. Stamping and Embossing Books may be stamped in different cok>red inks, or embossed in gdd leaf, metal, aluminum, or different colored compositions. Ink stamping is done on a heavy press built for this purpose. Embossing is done on hot embossing presses, and because of the enormous pressure necessary to properly stamp or emboss a book, stamping dies made of brass are generally used. Ave 1S4 How a book should be stamped depends entirely upon the nature of the book, and the class and color of mate- rial used. Gold stamping is seldom used on a cheaply made book, and ink is rarely used on strictly high class books. In this, as in most every other feature of book- l»nding and making, much is left to the preference of the author or publisher. Thumb Indexing The very nature of some books demand a thumb in- dex for the purpose of enabling the reader to find quickly just the place or part of the book containing the informa- tion cksired. Bibles and dictionaries are usually indexed in this manner. Casing-in The casing-in machine feeds the covers from a hopper to the f orwarded book, which is placed over an arm, and paste rollers are drawn down over the outsides of the book, pasting the end leaves, which then meet the cover, thus completing the putting of the case onto the bound book. The operator adjusts the book to a perfect fit in the case. Books can be cased-in by hand, although the machine is much more rapid in its operation. However, fine edi- tion books are usually cased-in by hand. After the book is cased-in it should be placed in a nipping press in order to keep the book in compact form ready for the next process. Pa«e iss m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CiaCiOO HMBNIID MEIT VOK K Pkessimg The boolcs are now frfaced between brass bound boards, the brass on the edges of the board extending from an eighth of an inch to a quarter of an inch, as the depth of the joint requires, and this brass is fitted into the joint of the book, which was made by the rounding and backing machine, making a groove in the back of the cover, thus fomui^ the jmnt of the book. The brass bound boards are piled with four to six books between each one of them into a press, one on top of the other, until the press is filled, after which the pile is subjected to a proper pressure and allowed to remain under pressure until the books are fully dried. It is most important that books should remain in the press from twenty-four to forty-eight hours to altow tibem to become thoroughly dried and seasoned in order to prevent warping or curling of the covers, which often occurs in books that have been taken out of press too quickly. Ths Inspection of Books By inspection of books is meant a final examination of every single book, done for the purpose of discovering any defects in the mechanical part of the work, and for removing partkles of paste or glue which may possibly have accumulated in the process of manufacture, thus assuring absolute deanliness and preventing the finished bode from having a slovenly appearance. STYLES OF BOOKBINDING Books are bound in stiff board, flexible and limp covers in an infinite variety of colors and shades. Paper, doth, imitation leather and leader are the principal mate- rials used. They are bound in a number of styles. In a full binding both the back and sides are covered with the same material, whether cloth, leather or other binding material. In quarter binding one kind of material, such as leather or doth, covers the back, and the sides are of a dififerent material Half binding is very siinilar to quarter, except that the comers of the board are covered with the same material as is used on the back, and three- quarter binding means that the leather or cloth on the back extends somewhat beyond the hii^e joint, perhaps an inch or more, depending upoh the size o£ the book, and the doth or leather comers extend over a lax|^er surface than in half bindings. Limp and Flexible Covers are most always made in full cloth or leather, or other binding material, and a flexible felt board is used as a filler to prevent the sides from breaking. On flexible covers the board or filler is* glued to the material used, and for limp bindings the cloth or leather is loose, the filler being attached to the covering material only at the edges of ^e cover. Fitge 1S7 Pi mi W. M. CONKEY COMPANY GHKACO HAMIiONO BOOKBINDING MATERIALS Book Cloth The fabric of book doth k usittlly made from cotton doth covered with starch and a heavy filler, which is pressed into the mesh of Ae doth to give it body, and to make it impervious to water and absolutely smooth. It is then dyed to the desired shade, after which it is run through steel cut die rolls, which form the pattern of the book doth as it Bppem on the outside of the book. Heavier and str onger doth is made from linen, which is subjected to a similar process to get the impervk>us quality, cokw and pattern. Book cloth comes in rolls thirty-eight inches wide, and about thirty-eight yards to the roll. There are also many fancy designs, shades and pat- terns of book doth that are used for different purposes, hot tiiese are not as a rule used for binding editkm books. Imitation Leather Mudi imitation leather is bemg used in bookbinding and the prospects bid fair for its continuance, for the reason that it can be grained and colored to match any real leather desired, and is well adapted for use in mechanical binding. Tie body or base of all imitatkm leather is doth fabric A compound cooabting principally of celluloid, gun cotton and castor oil is made into a jelly-like sub- Bi«e i ss W. CONKEY COMPANY CHiCAlGO HAMMOND NEW YORK Stance and applied in a very thin, even coatmg to the surface of the fabric to give it Ae leather effect The same quality of fabric is used for several grades of imitation leather, but the number of thin coatings of the compound increases the quality as well as the price of the materiaL Leather Bindings In order to clearly understand the difference between various kinds and grades of leather it is necessary to briefly consider the workings of Nature in preparing the various skins and their many shades of quality. All leather used for bookbinding purposes comes from one of the following named animals: Seals, cattle, sheep, goats and hogs. Only the best grades of leather can be used in bookbinding. These are characterized by thdr soft and pliable though strong texture. The harder and stiffer qualities of leather are used for other purposes. Sealskins and the leather made therefrom varies but little because those animals inhabit only cold dimates. Cattle and sheep, on the contrary, are raised in nearly every country, no matter what the dimate, and this causes a variation in the thidcness and toughness of the skin as well as varying degrees of coarse and fine hair or wool, all of which makes the leather tanned from such skins variable in strength and pliability. Cattle raised in the central and northern states pro- duce a liner grained and more pliable leather than in the southern states. Consequently the leather made from 159 II |J|i|*iit|||l|l| <\.li;4i.iliilllllll the skk of a Texas steer is made into sole leather be- cause Nature suited that skin to the hot, dry climate- making it coarse, thick and tough. The same principle applies to goats from which our genuine morocco comes. Leather made from American- f. Fiance, Germany and Switzeriand ranks among the best to be had for booldmiding purposes. Sheep raising in America is done with a view to pro- ^idng meat rather than skins for leather. As a conse- quence leather made from our sheep is seldom used in bookbinding. It is coarse, open and lacking In strength. Sheep raised in Australia and New Zealand are sur- rounded by climatic conditkms favorable to the produc- tion of the finest, botfi in wool and sldns, which naturally results in the finest grade of leather. It is said that sheep and goats are crossed in breeding in those countries for the specific purpose of producing skins which when tanned have the appearance of sheepskins, and the toughness of the goatskins. From these animals the very best and most expensive sheep^dns are produced. Qmsidering the various leathers separately we find the one more generally used in bookbinding is sheepskin. Sheepskin Leather made from sheepskin can be finished in a great variety of ways, producing qualities suited to many different purposes. The full thickness of the skin is 160 m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHIC4GO HAMMOND NEW YORK used in making imitation morocco sheep, ooze sheep, f uE law sheep, roans and bock leather. "Imitation Morocco Sheep" means that the skin has been colored and embossed to imitate morocco. Oose Sheep means that the skin has been finished with the flesh side out, giving it the appearance of velvet. It comes in colors and is used for college annuals and other special bindings. Full Law Sheep is tanned in a russet or natural color and is used aknost exclusively for binding law and medical books. Roans have a very fine, smooth finish, may be had in any color desired, and a few years ago were used extensively in general bookbinding. Bock leather is made in Germany from the full sheep- skin and is finished and grained to imitate morocco. Nearly all of the above mentioned grades of sheepskin are made from skins grown in Australia or New Zealand. Split Sheep When a sheepskin is split, i. e., completely separating the outer or hair surface of the skin from the lower part next to the flesh, the upper or hair surface is fin- ished into a variety of grades and colors called **Skivers." The portion nearest the flesh is called "Splits," "Fleshers," or "Buffed Flesher," which cannot well be colored and therefore is seldom used in bookbinding. Skiver comes in numerous grades and colors and is perhaps used more extensively than any other kind of leader for bookbinding. m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND ''Lmmff Skkm^ is ^ a little thnmer than tlic regu- lar grade of skivers and is used for lining the inside covers of Bibles and other nicely bound books. Title Skivers are split thin and finished with a glazed surface and used for title stamping on law books. Gramed Skivers are the same as others excqit that they are cdored and embossed in any design wanted. Law Skkmrs are similar to odiers except that they are laimed in a msset or natural color and used in bind- ii^ law and medical books. Bafwing Skivers are the thinnest produced and are used for linings and titles on law books, etc CbwlilDB Several distinct kinds or grades of leather are pro- duced from the skins of cattle after tanning by a process of splitting. One method is to first ''slab'' or remove a very thin, imcven sheet from tiie flesh side and then split the skin in two. The lower or bottom part of the skin is called a "split" and is used for insoles in shoes, while the out- side or hair portion is grained and cok>red and used for bookbinding purposes. BUIVIMG By a slightly diflFerent method of splitting still another quaHty of leather is produced, known as buffing." This it a very thin sheet of leather taken from the hair amy w. B. CONKEY COMPANY cHiaico HAMMOND NEW YORK face of the skin, then colored and grained. It if Hied extensively in binding medium and light weig^it books. The under portion of hides split in this way is used for upholstering purposes. The best grade of leather obtainable for bookbinding comes from the upper or hair side of the skin of seals. The lower portion of the skin— called "Flesher Seal" is made into ladies' pocket books, etc., not bdng suitable for bookbinding. Pigskin Pigskin has excellent wearing qualities but because of the thickness of the skin and the difficulty of removing it from the animal without mutilation makes its use in bookbinding uncommon, except on fancy, high priced books. Calfskin Calfskin produces an excellent grade ol leather and is used extensively for many kinds of work, which makes the price very high. For this reason it is seldom used in bookbinding. It comes in all colors. Oou Cdf is finished with the flesh side out. It is extensively used in making ladies' suede shoes, but seldom f oir book work. Pait Itfl €X>MPARISON IN QUALITY AND PRICE The relative quality of the various kkds of leather best suited for bookbinding purposes, b^finnuig with the most expensive, is as follows: Seal, calf, pigskin, mo- fwco, cowhide, roans, sheep, buffing and skiver. BlNDEKS' BOASD Binders' board, which is used for the covers of books over which the cloth is drawn, is usually made from waste paper of all grades which are ground together into a pulp and rolled into boards of different thicknesses ^ilar to the process used in making paper. After the thkkness of the board has been decided. It IS run dirough very heavy calendered rolls in order to make it t^form in thickness, which is most important, and absolutely smooth and firm, so that the cover will not blister, warp or curl after it has been made into the book cover through the many processes which it has to pass in the constmctkxn of a bode Much dq>ends upon the cleanliness of the stock used, and tiie care with whkh bmders' board is made, as there are a number of different grades, and only the best of m'ell seasoned board should be used in order to get per- fectly smooth covers that will not blister, warp or curl. The standard size sheets of binders' board range from 22x28 up to 33x44 indies, although in large quan- tities ^>edal sizes can be ordered. The thickness of the board is designated by numbers W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAMMOND NEW VOIIK and measured by points (a point being one thousandth of an inch), as, for instance: No. 15 medium, size 22x28, is 167 points thick; No. 25, 100 points thick; No. 40, 62 points thick; and No. 60, 41 points thick. Board is sold by the bundle, and each bundle wei|^ £lty pounds, containing the number of sheets of the size ordered. Thus a bundle of No. 15 contains 15 sheets. BOOK MARGINS That book-making is an art is shown in no particular more clearly than in the margins of books. Most other features of book-making can be controlled by fixed prin- ciples, but works of art are not produced in accordance with set rules. The size and style of type used in setting the work, the kind and weight of paper, the color or colors of ink used in printing, and the style of binding all have a bearing upon the subject of margins. Therefore, in the publishing of a new work, vmless copying some other work of a similar kind, it is well to leave this most im- portant subject to the judgment of the printer. Large printers and binders like the W. B. Conkey Company have men who are expert in this line, and the product of our Company in the past speaks voluminously for itself. Page 165 m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO mMMwiB tmr vomc GLOSSARY WoKDS AND Phrases Used in the Bookbinding Trade IN Addition to Those Appearing in the Foregoing Chapter BAcnomc Hie Indt edge of a book. Backing. See RoiMidii« and Baddng. Bands. The ridm A Pulp Soda pulp is made by cooking uniform chips from poplar, birch, cottonwood, basswood and other broad W. B. CON KEY CO MP AMY leaf woods under pressure with a solution of caustic soda, a preparation of soda-ash and lime. It is used in connecdon with other wood and rag pulps in many wieties of yaper but particidarly in ^;gshdl book pai^ier wliere bulking qualities are desired and in writings and oHiers requiring a smooth, delicate surface. Practically the entire product of the soda process is bleached before marketing. SuLPBATB Pulp Sulfate pulp is produced by cooking uniform chips of various woods in a solution containing a number of varieties of soda and allied products. The Sulphate proc- ess is an outgrowth of the soda process and differs from it in that certain of the raw materials used ac- complish their woric and at the same time undergo a dhemical change resulting in sodium sulfate. However, Ike sulphate as such does not function In connection with the pulp, but is converted into new caustic by-products. The sulphate process produces strong, unbleached pulp which is used in making Kraft, certain brands of Cover, and other tough poolers. Rag Pulp Rag pulp is made principally from cotton rags or clippings from shirt factories, which are first thoroughly washed, then shredded by machinery and passed into a Warn 174 CONKEY COMPANY WW cmouGO BAMMOND NEW mK [Si series of grinders called engines which rotate in water in such a way that the materials are drawn under the grinders which reduces them to a pulp. It is during this process that most of the bleaching material, some sizing and colorii^ matter are added. When the grinding is completed the pulp is of about the same consistency as milk. It is then ready for pumping to the paper-making machine. Rag pulp is used in making the best grades of bonds, linens, ledgers, some writings, and in the very best grades of book papers. The greater the proportion of rag pulp used the better the paper produced. BOOK AND CATALOG PAPERS The cheapest kind of book paper, which is in reality only a fair grade of news print, is made from ground wood pulp. Number one Eastern book and the better grades are made from sulphite and soda pulp, while Western M. F. book and number one Super papers have old paper stock as a base. A few of the highest grades are made from a combination of sulphite, soda and rag pulp* The better grades of paper are frequently dis- tinguished from the cheaper by use of the term "free sheets," which means that those papers are free from ground wood which is a detriment to the life of the paper because it has not been so treated as to kill all elements of decay. The first noticeable process of de- Psage 175 w. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKttQO HAMMOND NEW YORK composition is that the paper turns brown after a short time when exposed to the light Hence {Mtper made from ground wood is not stutahle for books or catalogs that arc expected to last and retain a good appearance. Book and catalog papers come in a variety of finishes as well as colors and tints, each of which is suited to its own individual use. It is therefore necessary to select the quality and finish best adapted to the kind of work in hand. Different kinds of paper stock are frequently given a designating name by the manufacturer. In specifying the kind of stock desired it is often well to name a brand as a standard of quality. Also the size of the sheet, weight to the ream, the finish and the tint or color. • FiMisms BY Name Antique finished paper is practically unfinished, not having been calendered, i. e., ironed. It therefore has a rough, uneven surface, technically called a "low finish." Laid finish, like antique, has a bw finish, but differs m that it is water-marked by a series of wires lakl on the surface of the dan^ toll of the paper machine under which the paper passes. Eggshell finish is produced by using antique or un- finished paper and calendering it untU it has the appear- ance of the shell of an egg. Paper finished in either of the three styles above men- tioned are used extensively in books requirii^ consideraMe W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CWCACO HAMMOND NEW YORK bulk and style — high class. Both the cheap and higher grades of paper can usually be had in these finishes. Machine finish is smoother than antique, having been calendered until the antique finish was removed. It is used where bulk and half-tone illustrations are not re- quired. English finish gives a particularly smooth surface, without gloss, which is capable of reproducing half-tone illustrations if the screen is not too fine. It is extensively used in school and other text-books where the finest de- tail in illustrations is not required. It has the added quality of absorbing rather than reflecting light, which lends comfort to the eyes of the reader. 5. & S. C, means that the paper has been sized and super-calendered. Sizing as here used is the precipita- tion of rosin on the pulp while in the process of "beating" making the entire sheet, when finished, impervious to ink, i. e., it will not absorb the ink, causing it to show on the opposite side when printed. Calendering is a process employed to give paper a higher or more glossy finish. S. & S. C. is largely used in books and catalogs re- quiring ntmierous half-tone illustrations, which are reproduced on paper finished in this way in a manner second only to the best enameled papers. Different grades of paper of varying prices are finished in this style. Opacity, originally a designating name by the manu- facturer has become generally used for light weight, opaque, smooth finish paper ranging in basic weight from 177 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY MEW YORK 25 to 35 pounds to the ream. The word also carries with it the thought of opaqueness, which is very desirable in all thin papers. Opacity is used for very much the same purposes as S. & S. C. with the additional advantage of li^^tness of weight, which is of consklerable importance in reducing the weight of the finished article, the cost of postage or shying. Enameled or coated paper is made by taking ordinary machine-finished paper and coating it with a mixture of china clay, satin white and caseine which completely fills in the pores and produces a smooth, glossy, mineral surface capM^ of reproducing the finest screened half- DM Coated paper receives the same coating as other enameled paper but is calendered for smoothness only — not for gloss, which leaves a mellow softness not obtain- able by any other process. The range of uses for enameled paper is l^on in number. Suffice it to say here that the class of woric and eacactness of detail in illustrations are the principles governing its use in books and catalogs. It comes in different grades, the average of which will not stand hard usage, constant folding, etc. However, there are certain well known brands that stand almost any amount of folding and handling. If this quality is desired it should always he so stated. Page 178 m mi W. B. CONKEY COMPANY cmcAco K oMD NEW mm Sizes and Weights Paper of every kind is made in various sizes and weights and is sold by the pound or ream. The usual count is 500 sheets to the ream. The ordinary sizes of book and catalog papers are 24x36, 25x38, 28x42 and 32x44. They are also made in double sizes, as 36x48, 38x50 and 44x64 and can be had in any size when ordered in large quantities. The weights range from 40 to 200 pounds to the ream. Enameled papers are nearly always shipped in cases containing approximately 500 pounds. The cheaper grades most always come in long soft folds, securely wrapped in heavy paper to insure protection from the elements and rough handling. COVER STOCK Cover paper, as the name indicates, is used for mak- ing covers for catalogs, booklets, the cheaper grade of books, and as end sheets for hard bound books. It is also used for envelopes, direct-by-mail folders and other forms of advertising matter. It can be obtained in a great variety of grades, weights, thicknesses, tints, colors and blends and in antique, which is rough or unfinished; ripple, which is wavy; and smooth plate finishes. The three r^ular sizes of cover paper measured in inches are 20x26, weighing from 25 to 130 pounds to the ream, 23x33, weighing from 36j4 to 190 pounds to Page 179 m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY MMMOITO jiEW YORK IP the ream and 26x40, weighing from 50 to 130 pomids to the ream. It is made also in any special size and weight desired, but if a l^^er wei^^t or a different size tlian above stated is ordered in small quantities a higher ffice is charged. It is shipped in cases. BOMDS, LEDGERS AND FLAT WRITING PAPERS Bonds, writings and ledger papers are made from wious cpnbinations of rag, sulf^ite and soda pulp ; the ■wia pulp, however, is used mostly in writing papers to five them the mdlow softness so much desired. The grade of the paper varies according to the portion used of these different pulps. As a rule the greater the rag content the better the grade of paper and conse- quently the higher the price. The cheaper bond papers are made entirely from sulphite pulp, while the very best grades are wholly made from new rag pulp. The quality of the paper also varies according to the treatment given the pulp— the strength of the chemicals used; the steam pressure; the duration of the cooking; the difference in the beating of the pulp and by varying the speed at which the pulp is run over the paper madiine. Thos very dissimilar sheets may be produced with exactly the same ingredients. The pulp used in the cheaper grades of bonds is usually cooked faster at a higher steam pressure and is run over the paper machine at a much Wgher rate of speed than in higher grades of bond papers. Warn m m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY oncaco hammono hzw york I the ream and 26x40, weighiiig from 50 to 130 potnids to the ream. It is made also in any ^>eciai size and wc^ht de^red, hot if a lighter weight or a different size than above stated is ordered in small quantities a higher price is charged. It is shipped in cases. BOMDS, LEDGERS AND FLAT WRITING PAPERS Bonds, writings and lecher papers are made from wious cwnhinations of rag, sulphite and soda pulp ; the soda palp, however, is used mostly in writing papers to give them the mellow softness so much desired. The grade of the paper varies according to the portion used of these different pulps. As a rule the greater the rag content the better the grade of paper and conse- quently the higher the price. The cheaper bond papers are made entirely from sulphite pulp, while the very best grades are wholly made from new rag pulp. The quality of the paper also varies according to the treatment given the pulp— the strength of the chemicals used ; the steam pressure ; the duration of the codcing; the difference in the beating of the pulp and by varying the speed at which the pulp is run over the paper machine. Thus very dissimilar sheets may be pwluced with exactly the same ingredients. The pulp used in the cheaper grades of bonds is usually cooked faster at a higher steam pressure and is run over the paper machine at a much higher rate of speed than in higher grades of hmd papers. Vi U 03 J) a. a. CD Qi < Pi W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKACO HAMMOND NEW YORK 1 The slower the machine is run the more even the formation of the fiber, due to the opportunity it has of knitting closely together. The clouded effect sometimes noticed in cheaper grades of paper is due to the pulp having been run over the machine so rapidly that the nUBons of little fibers had not sufficient time to spread evenly over the web of the machine. Sizing The cheaper grades of bonds, ledgers and writing paper are frequently sized only in the pulp beater. All of the better grades, however, in addition to the sizing mixed into the pulp as it passes through the beater, are "tub sized/' i. e., the paper passes through a size bath near the dry end of the paper machine. Some of the very best and most expensive kinds of ledger paper, after passing through the tub bath are lightly rolled and allowed to stand for several days before the finishmg process is begun. This permits every fiber to become thoroughly saturated with the sizing, which is of particular advantage when the paper is used where frequent erasures are necessary. Paper treated in this way can be erased over any number of times and still retain a good writing surface. Drying and Finishing The lower grades of paper are usually dried on the paper machine by passing over steam heated rolls. Fiftge 183 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY Medium grades pass over revolving fans which release siqieriieated mr causing the paper to dry quickly and produce wliat is called air-dried piqier. The best grades of paper are pole dried in what is commonly known as a loft, and these are called lolt-dried papers. In loft drying the paper is hung over poles and allowed to remain in the artificially heated room for a period of about two weeks. It is then ready for the platers which give it the desired finish by means of piesni^ the plate or graining mirtierial such as pure linen cMhs to ghre the linen finish, etc^ between metal boards wilh heavy hydraulic presses. On the lower grades of paper the finish is usually put on by ordinary calender rolls, though of course these grades can be firdshed in a special way if desired, the game im the b CumifG AND Packing All bonds and Flat Writing papers are cut and ac- ctu-ately trimmed to writing paper sizes, such as 17x22, 17x28, 19x24 and the double of these; then wrapped and sealed in ream padoges. Le<%er papers are made in a much larger range of sizes beginning with 16x21 and running as laige as 28x34, and in some instances even larger. In bond papers the substance weights are 13, 16, 20 and 24 pounds based on a ream 17x22 inches. Ledger pikers are seldom made lighter than 20 pounds JTwIBw a VP 1 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHKMiO HAmiOND NEW YOIK to the ream, but run as high as 36 pounds to the ream in size 17x22 inches. Writing papers are seldom made lighter than 16 pounds to the ream, but frequently run as high as 28 pounds to the ream in size 17x22. PARCHMENT AND ONIONSKIN PAPERS Parchment, Onionskin and similar papers are made from the same substance as the bonds, ledger and writings, but are treated by a different process and are run on an e^iedaUy equipped machine, which gives them an entirely dtfiarent appearance. UNIVERSAL PAPER TRADE CUSTOMS (500 Sheets to Ream) Print: Minimum basb of weight to be 24x36, 32 lbs. Each pound less down to 25 lbs., 5c per cwt additional. Below 25 lbs. special prices. M, F. Book: Minimtun basis 25x38, 45 lbs. Each pound below 45 lbs. down to 40 lbs., 3c per cwt. addi- tional; below 40 lbs. down to 30 lbs., 5c per cwt. ad- ditional. For each pound bdow 30 lbs., 10c per cwt mdditionaL Super-calendered Book: Minimum basis 25x38, 50 lbs. For each pound below 50 lbs. down to 45 lbs., 3c per cwt. additional. For each pound below 45 lbs. down to Fife Its i m m W, B, CONKEY COMPANY CHKlfiO HAMMOND NEW YORK 35 Ihs^ 5c per cwt additionaL For each pound below 35 His., 10c per cwt. additioiial. Coaied Book (2 sades) : Miliiiiiiim basis 25x38, 70 lbs. For each pound below 70 lbs., 5c per cwt. additional. Paper mills being unable to furnish, etc., 5fo clause. ESTIMATING QUANTITY OF STOCK The following will be found to be a convenient rule to detenmne the amount of stock required on catalog and book woik: Divide the total number of pages in the book by the number of pages in the form. The result will be the number of reams necessary for each one thousand copies of the job. Spoilage to be added. Books, Catak)gs and Pamphlets are most always printed In 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 page forms. Under the above rule the first diing to determine is the proper number of pages to the form in which to run your job. Assuming that it is a book of 256 pages with a trim size of 5}ix7yi inches, and allowing J4 inch lU around for trim, i. c, add inch to width and J4 inch to lei^ of page making die size 5^x8 inches. Then, by wiply multipfyii^ eadi number by 4 we find our requirements to be a sheet 22x32 inches for a 16 page form. (4X4=16.) Following the rule we next divide 256, the number of pages in the book, by 16, the number of pages in the form (256-7-16—16) we find 16 to be the number of teams of paper 22ac32 inches required for 1000 books. CONKEY COMPANY cmcAco HAMMOND NEW YOBIC If run in 32 page form, the paper will require to be just double the size, or 32x44 inches, and the number of reams per 1000 books only one half the amount, or 8 reams. To this must be added from 5% to 10% for spoilage, depending upon the length of run, quality and size of stock and number of colors of ink used. HOW TO FIND WEIGHTS OF PAPER All weights of stock are based on a size of 25x38. To find necessary weight use following method : Divide the required size and basis of weight by the size basis first, using cancellation process as per example: Basis stock desired 25X38=50 lb. Stock wanted, size 40X60=Wt. ? Example: 25x-3»^> 19)2400(126 lbs. -4ex60-5aib. 19^ 20 2 50 120 114 6 W Fftgft 187 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY OOClfiO UUmOMD MEW YORK m CONVENIENT TABLE FOR FIGURING STOCK £jr^lafiiiltofi.-*-Fiiid the mnnber of pieces that cut out of the sife selected. Find liuit nmnber in the left-hand colmmi — ^follow across to tfie figure in the column des- ignating the quantity required (quantity shown at the head of each column). For instance, a job cuts 16 out of a sheet; the order is for 3,500 pieces— see figure 16 in Hie left-told oolnmn and follow actoss to the eighth coliinin. The %ore is 219. TfoB means that ^ job gBfoires 219 i^ieets. No allowance is figured for waste (Table on next page.) W. !• CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HjmMOiro NEW YORK 1 500 1000 2 250 500 3 .. 167 334 A 125 250 5 100 200 6 84 16^ 7 72 143 8 63 125 9 56 112 10... 50 100 II. .•>••••• 46 91 12.******-' ^ 84 13.. 39 77 14 36 72 15 34 67 16 32 63 17 30 50 18 28 56 19 27 53 20 25 50 21 24 48" 22 23 46 23 22 44 24 21 42 2S ... 20 40 26 20 W 27 19 .38 28 18 36 29 18 36 30 17 34 31 • . . • 17 33 32 16 32 33 16 31 34 IS 30 35 15 29 36 14 28 37 ••••• ••»• 14 38 14 27 39 13 26 40 13 25 -.pn icn» onnn 2S00 3000 3S00 4000 4500 sow - 1 2000 2500 300 0 3500 4000 4500 bUUU SO 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 500 667 834 1000 1167 1334 1500 1667 ^ sno 625 750 875 1000 1125 1250 iSo 400j§ 6SJgO_8 00 900 1000 250 334 215 286 188 250 167 223 150 200 417 500 584 358 429 500 313 375 438 278 334 389 250 300 350 667 750 834 572 643 715 500 563 625 445 500 556 400 450 500 137 182 126 168 116 154 108 144 100 134 228 273 319 209 250 292 193 231 270 179 215 250 167 200 234 364 410 455 334 375 417 308 347 385 286 322 358 267 300 334 94 125 89 118 84 112 79 106 75 100 157 188 219 148 177 206 139 167 195 132 158 185 125 150 175 250 282 313 236 265 295 223 250 279 211 237 264 200 225 250 72 96 120 143 167 69 91 114 137 160 66 87 109 131 153 63 84 105 125 146 60 80 100 120 140 191 215 239 182 205 228 174 196 218 167 188 209 160 180 200 58 77 97 116 135 56 75 93 112 130 54 72 90 108 125 54 72 87 103 121 51 67 84 100 117 154 174 193 149 167 186 143 161 179 138 156 173 134 150 167 49 47 46 45 43 65 63 61 59 58 81 79 76 74 72 97 113 94 110 91 107 89 103 86 100 130 146 162 125 141 157 122 137 152 118 133 148 115 129 143 l2 — 56 70 84 98 112 125 139 41 55 68 82 95 109 122 136 £ 53 S 79 93 106 119 132 m 52 65 77 90 103 116 131 § ^ ^ ^ — Sgel89 m W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CWCACO HAMMOND NEW YORK IP- COMPARATIVE WEIGHTS OF BOOK PAPERS Coated Two Si Substance Weight in Pounds — ^Basis 25x38 Size m n 80 90 100 120 55 64 73 82 91 109 60 70 80 90 100 120 26 x29 48 56 64 72 80 95 63 74 84 95 105 126 74 86 99 111 124 148 m x44 78 91 104 117 130 155 82 96 110 124 137 165 96 112 128 144 160 190 30^x41 79 92 105 119 132 158 32 x44 89 104 119 133 148 178 33 x46 96 112 128 144 160 192 35 x45 100 116 132 149 $99 36 x48 110 128 146 164 182 218 38 3tS0 120 140 160 180 200 240 »*••••• 136 24^1 30 1 37541 45 | 52541 59541 67 745^1 82 24j4x29 24541 30541 38 | 45541 53 | 61 | 6854| 76 | 8354 2454x3854 I 33 | 40J4| 50541 6054| 70541 805^1 91 101 |111 2554x44 39 1 48 1 60 1 72 1 84 1 96 1106 120 1132 28 x34 33 41 1 51 j 61 1 71 1 81 1 92 |102 112 34 x44 IS2 64 1 80 1 96 1112 1128 1144 1160 176 SPECIAL INFORMATION How TO Obtain Copyrights Assignment of Copyrights iNmtNATlONAL COFIfllGHTS Finau' HOW TO OBTAIN COPYRIGHTS THE United States Copyright Law provides that all books, catalogs, booklets, etc., must be set up and plated (if run from plates), printed and bound in the Uilited States, and that they must bear the copyright notice in order to be subject to copyright. Either on the same day the book is published, or promptly thereafter, blank application and affidavit form "A-1," which may be obtained from the United States Copyri^^t Office at Washington, D. C, must be filled out and sworn to, and mailed with two copies of the book for deposit with the Copyright Office, tc^;eiier with a Post Office money order for the required fee of one dollar, made payable to the Register of Copyrights. The outside of the package should be marked "Books for copyright registration." If the package is then delivered to the Post Office, tlie Postmaster will, «qx)n request, sign a receipt for the package, which the publisher makes out. This receipt should contain the name of the book, the date, and the fact that the copies are to be transmitted to the Register of Copyrights for the purpose of registration of copy- right The Postmaster is required by law to forward these copies to the Register of Copyrights without ex- pense to the sender. After a few days a receipt under seal will come from the Copyright Office, certifying that the books have been received wMi a remittaiice and s^limtkm, and that flie copyn^ lias been duly recorded. Hemes OF COFYSIGHT The notke of csipyrii^ must consist either of the finied by the name of the copyright proprietor, and if the work be a printed literary, musical or dramatic work, the notice shall include also the year in which the copyright was secured by publication. The notice of copyright must be applied upon the titie ptfe of the hoolc, or lie pofe immediately f dkiw- In the case of mnslGal work, the ncrtice should ap- pear either upon its title page, or upon the first page of each piece of music; but one notice of copyright in each volume or number of a work is required. Tbb BCTATioif or CoratiGHT The duration of the term of copyright is twenty- eight years. This term may be extended for a further term of twenty-eight years by the author of the work, if living, or by the widow, widower, or children; or, if they be nc^ living, then by the au^r's execitfors, inr in the absence of a will, by his next of kin. ApiilicalMMi for ^ octenskm must be made to the Copyright Office, and duly rq[istered within one year Taae 196 received with a remittance and application, and that the copyrii^ has been duly recorded. NonCE OF COPYSIGMT The notice of copyright must consist either of the word "Copyr^t," or the abbreviation "Copr.,'" accom- panied by the name of the copyright proprietor, and if the work be a printed literary, musical or dramatic work, the notice shall include also the year in which the copyright was secured by publication. The notice of copyright must be applied upon the title page of the ioc^ or the page immediately f dk>w- CP In the case of musical work, the notice should ap- pear either upon its title page, or upon the first page of each piece of music; but one notice of copyright in each volume or number of a work is required. TmB BimATION OF CbFYUGHT The duration of the term of copyright is twenty- eight years. This term may be extended for a further term of twenty-eight years by the author of the work, if Uving, or by the widow, widower, or children; or, if they he not living, then by the andior's executors, or in the absence of a wiH, by his next of km. Application for this extension must be made to the Copyright OfHce, and duly registered within one year Fii«e 196 cmcjiGO W. B, CONKEY COMPANY HAMMOND NEW TOMC prior to the expiration of the origitial term. For the renewal of such copyright a Renewal Form, "R-1," is provided by the Copyright Office, which may be had upon request The Protection of Titles The cases which have thus far been settled in litiga- tion indicate that there is nothing in the present copy- right law which gives to the author the exclusive right to the title of his particular work. There may be any number of books and stories brought out by different authors bearing the same title, so long as each one is distinct and original. Assignment of G)pyiights A copyright may be assigned, granted, or mortgaged, by an instrument in writing signed by the owner of the copyright. No special blank form for assignment is issued by the Copyright Office. Recobding Assignments Every assignment of cqiyright should be recorded in the Copyright Office within three calendar months after its execution in the United States, or within six calendar months after its execution without the limits of the United States, "in default of which it shall be Page 199 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CUKMIO BMniOND HEW YmK 1 as against any subscqnent purchaser or mortgagee for a valuable consideration, without notice, whose as- signment has been duly recorded." The original instrument of ass^inment should be sent to the Copyright OflScc to be piaoed on record. After having been recorded, a cot^te of record under acai of the Copyright Office is attached, and it is then rettimed by post. If the sender desires to have it re- turned by registered post, ten cents postage for the Post Office registry fee should be sent in addition to the re- cording fee. Recxmuung Fees For recording and certifying any instrument in writ- ing for the assignment of copyright, or any license to make use of copyrighted material, or for any copy of such assignment or license, duly certified, if not over 300 words in lei^, the fee is $1.00; if more than 300 wofds and less than 1,000 woids in length, $2.00; if more than tjm words in length, $1.00 additional for eadi 1,000 words or fraction thereof over 300 words. For recording the transfer of the proprietorship of copyrighted articles, the fee is 10c for each title of the book or other article, in addition to tiie f ee prescribed for mxn^ the instrtmient of assigmneot Page 200 mi m w. CHICAGO B. CONKEY COMPANY muniONIi new York (jOPYRiGHT Registration of Periodicals Section 3 of the present copyright law provides "pro- tection (for) all the copyrightable component parts of tile work copyrighted, and all matter therein in which copyright is already subsisting, but without extending the duration or scope of such copyright. The cop3rright upon composite works or periodicals shall give to the proprietor thereof, all the rights in respect thereto which he would have if each part were individually copyrighted under this Act." The issuing of such periodical with the required copyright notice printed therein, should be done before making any application to the Copyright Office for reg- istration. Promptly after the publication of each issue, send two copies thereof to the Copyright Office at Washing- ton, D. C, with an application for registration (upon Form "B-l"), and a remittance for the statutory fee of $1.00, which sum includes the cost of a certificate under seal. Such certificates should be preserved, for they are "admitted in any Court as prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein." Publishers who desire to avoid the trouble of filling out a separate application form, and of making a sepa- rate remittance for eadi issue, may send in advance a sum to be placed to their crejdit, accompanied by gen- eral application (upon Form "6-2"), requesting regis- trations to be made thereafter upon the prompt deposit Page 201 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY* NEW YORK in the Copyright Office of the copies of the successive issues, as they are published. After this has been done, two copies of each issue should he mailed to the Copy- ri|^t O&ct promptly alter publicatioti, with a slip which is sii{^lied in blank by the Copyr^t Office, giving the exact date of publication of the issue, i. e., "the earliest date when copies of the first authorized edition were placed on sale, or sold, or publicly distributed by the prq>rietor of the copyright, or under his authority." CONTXIBimON TO PERIODICALS Contributions to periodicals may be copyr^ted by sending one complete copy of the periodical containing the contribution, with appHcation and fee, which is $1.00. No affidavit is required. Books Published Abboad in the English Language In order to copyright in the United States a book first published abroad in the English language, it is necessary to deposit in the Copyright Office at Wash- ioglQii, D. C, not later than sixty days after it is pub- lished abroad, one ccmi^^ete copy of the foreign edition, wi^ a request for the reservation of the copyright, and a statement of the name and nationality of the author and of the copyright proprietor, and of the date of pub- lication of the said book. "This secures to the author or proprietor an ad interim copyright, which shall have vim 202 U CONKEY COMPANY CmCiKGO HAMMOND NEW HMK all the force and effect given to copyright by this act (the regular copyright law), and shall endure until the expiration of four months after such a deposit in the Copyright Office." This ad interim copyright gives ample time for the foreign publisher to re-ptibhsh the book in ^e United States in conf ormity with the United States Copyright Law. Copyright Convention of the Pan-American Mbpublics and the United States On August 11, 1910, a copyright convention was con- cluded and signed at Buenos Aires, between the United States and other American Republics, which became ef- fective July 13, 1914, between the United States and the following countries: Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Nicaragua and Ecuador. The gov- ernments of Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Haiti, Paraguay, Pent, Salvador and Uruguay have announced through diplomatic channels, Ihe adhesion of those countries to this convention. The reciprocal recognition of rights granted by this convention under Article 3 follows : "The acknowledgment of a copyright obtained in one state, in conformity with its laws, shall produce its effects of full right in all the other states with- out the necessity of complying with any other for- mality, provided always there shall appear in the work a statement that indicates the reservation of Fiage 203 m W. B, CONKCY COMPANY NEW Ac prorcrty right.'* An example would be: All R^iits Keserred, or Copyright under the Article of the Copyright Convention of the PSm-American RqmMics and the United States, August 11. 1910. Some pnbliahers indade both expressions. IHISBNATIONAL COFVSIGBTS The so-called International Copyright Law is value- less so far as the United States is concerned. The United States is not a member of the International Copy- right Union as established at the Convention of Bern, and cannot join this Union so long as the present danse in the American Copyri^^ Law stands, requiring all books m M cxmplet^ manof actored within the United States in order to secure copyright. Thus it is evident that registration at Washington does not secure protec- tion abroad. However, mutual copyright protection has been arranged by special treaties with most of the for- eign nations where copyri^t is really desirable, which -grant to citizens of the United States the benefit of copyright protection on substantially the same basis as to its own dtizcns.** The countries with which these treaty relations exist at present include Belgium, France, Great Britain and her possessions, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Portugal, Spain, Mexico, Oiilc, Costa Rica, Nether- lands and her possesions, Cuba, China, Norway, Japan (aid Korea), Austria, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Luxemburg, Sweden, Tunis and Hungary. Fkge 304 m m 1 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY 1 CmCAfiO HAMMOND NEW Authors or publishers who are citizens of the above named countries may obtain copyright in the United States on the same terms as authors or publishers who are citizens of the United States, except that the fee is double. In order for authors or publishers in the United States to obtain copyrights in the above mentioned for- eign countries it is necessary to obtain only the Englidi copyright in addition to that of the United States. These copyrights protect the copyrighted article in all coun- tries with which the United States has copyright rela- tions. The expression sometimes seen on the copyright page "aU rights reserved, including that of translation into foreign languages, including the Scandinavian," is now valueless. The expression came into use during the years preceding our present reciprocal arrangements, but is now discontinued. Engush Copyright In order to copyright a book in England it is neces- sary to publish simultaneously an edition of such book in England; the difference in time between the publica- tion in England and America must not exceed fourteen days. It is necessary for the American publisher to have an English agent who must also be an English pub- lisher. On the day appointed for publication, sudi Eng- lish agent must make formal sale of at least one copy Page 205 m V. CONKEY COMPANY CHKACO HMIMOMD NEIT IWK of the voltime, and the entry of such sale must appear upon his books. Six copies of the book must be delivered by the agent In tlie l<]ikiwii]g libraries: British Museum. Bodleian Library — Oxford. University Library — Cambridge. Library of the Faculty of Advocates — Edinbur^. Library of Trinity College — Dublin. National Library of Wales. However, it is not obligatory that live of these six copies be ddrvered unless demand is formally made with- in twdve months after publication, tnit if ^ books are not in stock for ddivery, then the agent may be fined five pounds, plus the cost of the volimie. The copy for the British Musemn must be delivered within one month after publication, and if the edition is in de luxe form, the copy sent to tiie British Mnsenm most be of this edition. There Is no necessity for printing any notice of Eng- lish copyright, as the English law does not require it; but it is customary on American books copyrighted in England to use the words, "Copyright in England," to give warning that oopyrfgfat is claimed on the book. It is not considered necessary to have the English pub- lisher's in^rint on the ti^ page of such hocte. "WHAT WILL THE JOB COST ME?" In the case of large edition printing of books, catakigs, pamphlets, etc,, the buyer is safe in assuming that the margin of profit, by reason of the quantity, is, com- paratively speaking, a small one. Conceding that this margin of profit must exist, the price quoted on any job of large edition printing will depend largely on the cost of operation and production. This cost, by reason of the size and location of its plant, its splendid equipment, scientific management, and volume of business, no less than the advantage it enjoys in low overhead expense, has been reduced by the W. B. Cbnkey Company to a degree which assures to all its patrons quality printing at bed-rock prices. In estimating cost, however, there is always a point below which it is possible for any printing house, intent solely on "landing the job" to go, but the result is likely to prove extremely disappointing to the buyer, as is usually the case when price is the only consideration and quality nowhere. Poor printing is always expensive. Therefore, while the wise buyer will buy economically, as the unsurpassed facilities of the W. B. Conkey Company always wii enable him to do, he will not buy printing because it is cheap,^ regardless of quality. In every job of printing, there is a standard of service, of painstaking workman- ship, as well as of material, which is required to make the job effective, from the buyer's viewpoint. In buying printing, this viewpoint is most important. m INDEX Abbreviations, When to Use 62 Ad Interim Copyright 202 Amiqiie Finished Paper , 176 Arrangement of Catalog Contents 77 Assignments of Copyrights 199 Badong , . , , , , , , , , , , , ^ ^ , , , , 153 Ben Dey Process Plates 89 Ben Dey Shading Tints 81 Bindmg for Yonr Book . 67 Bindings, Leather 159 Binders' Board , 164 Bock Leather 161 Bodoni, 8, 10 and 12 Point 127 Bold Face, 5ji, 6 and 8 Point Type 123 Bonds, Ledgers ams Flat WimifG PAfus . 180 Bookbinding 143 Bookbinding, Special Features 36 Bookbinding, Styles of 157 Bookbinding Materials 158 Book-building and Book- making • ...... ... 53 Book and Catalog Papers 175 Book Qoth^ 158 Book Margins . 165 Book Pressing , 156 Book Papers, Sizes and Weights of 179 Book Sviriog lit Book Siees by Name 168 Brackets, How Used . 62 Buffing 162 BmuuNG A Catalog 71 Buildings Described 20 Buying Faciltties .••.«•....•••...« 46 Calfskin 163 ^^rc of Plates ... ^9 Capitalization and Spellkig 58 Casing-in of Books 155 Caslon Na 3, 6, 8 and 10 Point 133 Caslon No. 3, 12 and 14 Point . 134 Caslon, 12 Point Old Style 122 Catalog Buiuiimg • . • • 69 Page 208 m W. B. CONKEY CHICAGO HailMOND COMPANY NEW YORK INDBX— Gontiamd Catalog Binding tj* Catalog Papers ... * {Sf Catalog. Size of . . . . J ; .* ; ; [ ] ; ; ; Cheltenhani Old Style. ^ 10 and 12 Point 130 Uoth for Bookbinding iS Cloth Joined End Shicts . . . ,c? Coated Paper m Color Plates. Process o? Color Plates. Zinc .... % OAoT Printing, Economical Method \ '. I [ [ ] I [ [ 140 tjCMiatii!^ 140 CoiMarative Sizes and Weights, Bonds, Ledgm' and ' * Writings 7*, Comparative Weights of Book Papers . ' ' ' 190 Comparisons in Quality and Price of Leather '. [ " ' * 164 Composition, How Handled 28 Composition. How to Esttmate > I [ m Conkey Organization • • • »w Content Arrangement of Books fig Content Arrangement of Catalog . . ' ' ' ' ' ZS Convenient Table for Figuring Stock .'.*.' isg Contributions to Periodicals, Copyright I . m "j^ ~z -i-ayout Com lueparation of [ [ 2 Copyrights, How Obtained ... ' ' 105 Copyright Assignment * .*''*"'' 199 Copyright Convention of the Pan-American RcpubUcs and the United States Copyright, English ' SS Copyrights, International ... ' SS Copyrighting Books Published Abroad \ ' m Copyrirfitmg Contributions to Periodicals . . ' ' m Copyright m Pan-American Countries ! .* * " 203 Copyright of Periodicals Ml Correcting Proof fVi Cost of the Job • • Cover Paper, How to Select \ ' ' GuvER Stock .......... iS Covers, Glued-on ] * ' * ' " ilo Gitnlnff «nd Fadm^' Bonds,' Ledgera and Writings' .* .' 184 VMgc 209 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY MEW YORK INDEX— Continued Dimensions of a Cut, How to Determine 94 Do's and Don'ts in Type Selections 103 Drying and Finishing Bonds, Ledgers and Writings . . . 183 Dull Coated Paper 178 Dnratioa of Copyright 196 Eggsfadl Finish Vwper 176 Electrotjrpes 93 Electrotyping, How Done 28 ^^nij tie ••>••••••••«••..••«• 105 Embossing 154 Ems in One Pound of Type Matter, Various Sizes .... 108 Ems to the Running Inch in Columns of Various Widths . 109 Ems to Line Standard Book Measure Ill Ems in Square laches of Various Sizes of Type .... 110 Enameled Fiipcr 178 End Sheets . 150 End Sheets, Cloth Joined 151 English Finish Paper 177 English Coimight Z& Estimating Composition 107 Estimating Ems in Copy 108 Esthnating Quantity of Stock 186 Figures, When to Use 63 Finishes of Half-tones 86 Fire, Insurance Against 47 Folding Printed Sheets 147 Full L«aw Sheep • . «..•*...••••••• 161 Giathering and CoHatwy 148 Genuine Seal 163 Glued-on Covers 149 Qossary on Bookhmding .....•••«..... 166 Gold, Marbled and Stained Edges 154 Gnmnd Wood Pttlp ••«..•••••••...• 172 Half-tone Process ..85 Half-tone Finishes ..•..••...«•.• 83, 86 Half-tone Screens 82^ 85 Half-tones, 21inc .......•••87 Handlmg JPwftt Stock ...•••••••■••.•26 Headbanding wd TiMiiHg ..«•••.••••«••• 153 310 W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO HAmiOIID NEW WIK INDEX— Continued How to Determine the Dimensions of a Cut 94 How to Estimate Quantity of Stock Required 186 How to Find Weights of Faper . 187 How to Measure Type 105 How to Obtain Copyri^ts 195 Illustrations 79 Illustrations, Preparation of ! ! 68 Imitation Leather isg Imitation Morocco Sheep 1611 Index, Preparation of 68 Indexing, Thumb 155 Inspection of Books . , . 154 Insurant Special Feature 47 International Copyrights 204 Italics 64 Kind of Paper to Use in Catalogs • . 75 Laid Finish Paper 176 Layout and Copy 72 Layout, Diagram 73 LITRES Bindings .159 Ledger Papers I . 180 Length of Line and Sire of Type I ! 104 Lines in 1000 Ems HI lining of Books • . 153 Literary Style 55 Location of Works 19 Lockup Room . . ! 33 Machine Finish Paper .177 Mailmg Facihties ; 45 Making Type Talk 100 Marbled and Stained Edges 154 Margins « . 165 61 Measuring Standard Book Composition ........ HI 105 Mitscherhch Pulp 173 Modem Type Faces 123 Ntckd-sted Tyi>es 93 Notke of Copyrii^t I 196 21s m I Nou 16, 10 Point Type 128 Nitaibcr of Words in 1^ fins Set in Various Sies . . lOB OM Stfle Type Faces 118 Oo«e Calf 163 Ooze Sheep 161 Opacity Paper 177 Order of Content Arrangement in Books 68 ^ . pijm S2 Pamphlet, Catalog and Bookbinding 143 Pamphlet Binding 149 Paper Finishes ^ Name 176 Paper- MAKING 169 Paper Stocks, How Handled ............ 26 mer Stock, Hoar to Select . 66 Paper Trade Customs .185 Parchment and Onionskin Papers 185 Periodical, Copyright .201 Pyca, .'^'^'e ... 105 X IgSKUl ... 163 Plates, Care of 29 Plate Room 30 P