A GUIDE AROUND 
 
 PRICE! as CENTS. 
 
 )R SALE, WHOLESALE OR RETAIL, BY ALL B00KSE1 
 AND NEWS AGENTS IN TOWN AND COUNTRY. 
 
1 
 
 "When you leave, please leave this book 
 
 Because it has been said 
 "Ever'thing comes t' him who waits 
 
 Except a loaned book." 
 
 60* iZ 
 
Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 
 Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library 
 
1 
 
I 
 
 w ■ 
 
 L 
 
STKANGEITS GUIDE 
 
 WHAT TO SEE AND WHAT IS TO BE SEEN 
 
 WITH HINTS AND ADYICE 
 
 TO THOSE WHO VISIT THE 
 
 GREAT METROPOLIS. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 FOB, SALE, WHOLESALE AND EETAIL, BY W. H. GRAHAM, 
 And all Booksellers and News A gents-. 
 
 THE 
 
 AROUND 
 
 Befo § flrh attb its f 
 
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1853, by 
 
 W. H. GRAHAM, 
 
 in the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States, for the 
 Southern District of New York. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This little Work has been prepared, with the greatest care, to 
 meet the exigencies of the many Strangers who will, doubtless, 
 be attracted hither, by the Exposition of the Industry of all 
 Nations, which, for thenpast six months, has engrossed so large 
 a portion of public attention. The descriptions and statistical 
 information have been carefully examined, and adapted to those 
 not familiar with' the city ; and as far as possible to shield them 
 from mistake and imposition. 
 
 Many who visit New York feel an interest in knowing the 
 extent of our City, but not one in a thousand, if asked what it 
 contains worth seeing, and how any object can be reached, 
 could answer the question. Strangers are imposed upon by 
 charges for Carriage Hire, Porterage, tfc, and much time is 
 wasted in trying to find out — what to see and what is to be seen 
 — and even then, few find one-half the places which are the 
 most interesting. 
 
 It contains — Correct information in relation to the Public 
 Places of Amusement and Resort ; the location of the 
 Principal Hotels ; Charges of Hackmen and Porters ; 
 Rides around New York ; location of Public Buildings ; 
 the time of departure of steamboats and railroad llnes, 
 
iv 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 and much other information which will be useful to the Stranger 
 who visits the, Great Metropolis to see the World's Fair. 
 
 The volume, besides this peculiarity, contains the Advertise- 
 ment and locales of almost all the more important Commercial 
 and other Establishments of the Metropolis. It is presented to 
 the Public with a confident hope that it will answer the pur- 
 pose for which it has been prepared. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 The New York Crystal Palace, 11 
 
 Officers of Do., . . 14 
 
 Leaving Home, . . 15 
 
 Arriving in the City, . . 17 
 
 Railroads, . . . 19 
 
 Hacks and Hackmen, . .23 
 
 Hotels, . . . . 26 
 
 List of Principal Hotels, . 28 
 
 A Walk up Broadway, . 29 
 
 The Bowery, . . . 32 
 
 Chatham Street, . 33 
 
 Wall Street, ... .34 
 
 Places of Amusement, . 36 
 
 Bowery Theatre, . . .3*7 
 
 National Theatre, . . 38 
 Barnum's American Museum, 38 
 
 Broadway Theatre, . . 39 
 
 Negro Minstrels, . . .39 
 
 Niblo's, . ■ . . • . 39 
 
 Metropolitan Hall, . . 40 
 
 Astor Place Opera House, 40 
 
 Burton's Theatre, . . 40 
 
 Street Shows, ... 42 
 
 Saloons, . . . .46 
 
 Eating Houses, . . 47 
 Billiards and Bowling Alleys, 49 
 
 Confectioneries, . - . .51 
 
 The Markets, . . . . 53 
 
 Pocket Book Droppers, . 55 
 
 Pawn Brokers, . . 56 
 
 Mock Auctions, . . .57 
 
 Rides around New York, 
 Yorkville, . 
 Harlem, 
 
 Bloomingdale Road, 
 
 The High Bridge, . 
 
 Long Island, 
 
 Port Hamilton, 
 
 Brooklyn, 
 
 The Navy Yard, 
 
 The Dry Dock, 
 
 "Williamsburgh, 
 
 Steamboat Excursions, 
 
 The Hudson, . 
 
 Bulls Ferry, 
 
 Fort Lee, 
 
 Yonkers, 
 
 Dobb's Ferry, . 
 
 West Point, 
 
 Public Buildings and Institu- 
 tions worth visiting, . ' 
 
 The City Hall, 
 
 Merchant's Exchange, 
 
 Post Office, . 
 
 Custom House, . 
 
 Trinity Church, 
 
 Grace Church, . 
 
 Bloomingdale Asylum for the 
 Insane, » 
 
 Orphan Asylum, . 
 
 Deaf and Dumb Asylum, . 
 
 Tho Tombs, . 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 House of Refuge, . . 65 
 
 The Hospital, . . .65 
 
 Columbia College, . . 65 
 Mercantile Library Association, 65 
 
 Astor Library, . . . 65 
 
 American Institute, . .65 
 
 State Arsenal, ... 66 
 
 Rutgers Female Institute, . 66 
 
 Institution for the Blind, . 66 
 
 BlackwelTs Island, . . 66 
 
 Greenwood Cemetery, . 66 
 
 Parks and Squares, . . 67 
 
 The Battery, ... 67 
 
 Bowling Green, . . .61 
 
 City Hall Park, . - . 67 
 
 St. John's Park, . . .67 
 
 "Washington Square, ' . 67 
 
 Tompkins Square, . .67 
 
 Union Park, . ... 67 
 
 Grnmercy Park, . . .68 
 
 The Croton Aqueduct, . 68 
 
 Banks in New York, . . 69 
 
 Railroad Depots, 
 Steamboat Lines, 
 Public Porters, . 
 Omnibuses, . 
 Express Offices, 
 Telegraph Lines, 
 Steamers, . 
 The Firemen, 
 The Shipping, 
 
 Page 
 
 71 
 . 72 
 
 72 
 . 73 
 
 *6 
 . 76 
 
 77 
 . 78 
 
 80 
 
 Splendid Dwellings of the "up- 
 per ten," ... 82 
 New York by Gas Light, . 84 
 Gambling Houses, . . 85 
 The Five Points, . . .86 
 The Churches, ... 88 
 The Manufactories of New 
 
 York, .... 91 
 The Working Girls, . .91 
 Location of Principal Institu- 
 tions and Societies, . . 94 
 Business Notices and Adver- 
 tisements, . . .96 
 
THE NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 
 
 The brilliant success of the London Exhibition turned the 
 minds of the industrial world to the propriety and expe- 
 diency of repetitions of that effort in different parts of the 
 world. Thus, steps have been taken to organize one on a 
 very extensive scale in New York, this year, 1853. 
 
 In regard to the locality of the Exhibition, if the object 
 had been to make a representation of American Industry 
 only, it might have been considered expedient to select some 
 one of the great manufacturing centres, as Boston and 
 Philadelphia ; but a display of European products being a 
 necessary part of the scheme, it seemed indispensable to 
 choose New York ; all the considerations which give that 
 qity its commercial pre-eminence as the chief entrepot of 
 European goods and the principal financial centre of the 
 Union, tended to this result. 
 
 New York, therefore, was selected, and on the 3d of 
 January, 1852, the municipal authorities of that city, per- 
 ceiving the benefits that must flow from the enterprise, if 
 properly conducted, not only to the comnrerce and pros- 
 perity of the city, but to the cause of popular instruction 
 and healthful entertainment, granted a lease of Reservoir 
 Square for the object for five years, upon two conditions : 
 1. That the building shall be constructed of Iron and Glass, 
 and that proper regard should be paid to the interest of the 
 public. 2. iVo single entrance fee should exceed fifty cents. 
 
 Reservoir Square, on which it is erected, lies at the 
 northern extremity of the city of New York, west of the 
 
12 
 
 THE NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 
 
 Croton Distributing Reservoir, and between that mighty 
 mass of stone and the Sixth Avenue. The Sixth Avenue 
 Railroad runs directly past it ; . the Fourth Avenue Railroad 
 runs near it ; and it lies immediately in the vicinity of the 
 Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Avenues, the main thoroughfares 
 of that part of the city. 
 
 The main features of the building are as follows : It is, 
 with the exception of the floor, entirely constructed of iron 
 and glass. The general idea of the edifice is a Greek cross, 
 surmounted by a dome at the intersection. Each diameter 
 of the cross will be 365 feet 5 inches long. There will be 
 three similar entrances : one on the Sixth Avenue, one on 
 Fortieth, and one on Forty-second street. Each -entrance 
 will be 47 feet wide, and that on the Sixth Avenue will be' 
 approached by a flight of eight steps ; over each front is a 
 large semi-circular fan-light, 41 feet wide and 21 feet high, 
 answering to the arch of the nave. Each arm of the cross 
 is on the ground plan 149 feet broad. This is divided into 
 a central nave and two aisles, one on each side; the nave 
 41 feet wide, each aisle 54 feet wide. The central portion 
 or nave is carried up to the height of 67 feet, and the semi- 
 circular arch by which it is spanned is 41 feet broad. 
 There are thus in effect two arched naves crossing each 
 other at right angles,. 41 feet broad, 67 feet high to the 
 crown of the arch, and 365 feet long ; and on each side of 
 these naves is an aisle 54 feet broad, and 45 feet high, the 
 exterior of the ridge way of the nave is 71 feet ; each aisle 
 is covered by a gallery of its own width, and 24 feet from 
 the floor. The central dome is 100 feet in diameter, 68 feet 
 from the floor "©f the spring of the arch, and 118 feet to* the 
 crown ; and on the outside, with the lantern, 149 feet. The 
 exterior angles of the building are ingeniously filled up with 
 a triangular lean-to 24 feet high, which gives the ground 
 plan an octagonal shape, each side or face being 149 feet 
 wide. At each angle is an octagonal tower 8 feet in diame- 
 ter, and 75 feet high. 
 
 Ten large, and eight winding stair-cases connect the 
 principal floor with the gallery, which opens on the three 
 
THE ITEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 
 
 13 
 
 balconies that are situated over the entrance-halls, and afford 
 ample space for flower decorations, statues, vases, &c. The- 
 ten principal stair-cases consist of two flights of steps with 
 two landing places to each ; the eight winding stair-cases 
 are placed in the octagonal towers, which lead also to small 
 balconies on the tops of the towers and to the roof of the 
 building. 
 
 The building contains, on the ground floor 111,000 square 
 feet of space, and in its galleries, which are 54 feet wide, 
 62,000 square feet more, making a total area of 173,000 
 square feet for the purposes of exhibition. There are thus 
 on the ground floor two acres and a half, or exactly 2,52- 
 100 ; in the galleries one acre and 44-100; total, within an 
 inconsiderable fraction, four acres. 
 
 The dome is supported by 24 columns, which go up above 
 the second story to a height of 62 feet above the floor, and 
 support a combination of wrought-iron arches and girders, 
 on which rests a cast-iron bed-plate, so constructed as to 
 receive the 32 ribs of the dome. The light is communicated 
 to the dome through the lantern, as well as from the sides, 
 on which 32 escutcheons, in colored glass, representing the 
 arms of the Union and its several States, or the emblems of 
 the different nations, form a part of the decoration. 
 
 The quantity of iron to be used for the building will 
 amount to about 1,250 tons. The roof will cover an area 
 of 144,000 square feet. The glass for the building will 
 amount to 39,000 square feet, in 9,027 panes, 16 by 34 or 
 38 inches. 
 
 The Officers and Agents of the Association are at present 
 as follows : « 
 
14 THE NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 
 
 DIRECTORS *. 
 
 MORTIMER LIVINGSTON, 
 ALFRED PELL, 
 AUGUSTUS BELMONT, 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Jun. 
 GEORGE L. SCHUYLER, 
 
 PHILIP BURROWES, 
 JOHNSTON LIVINGSTON, 
 CHARLES W. FOSTER, 
 THEODORE SEDGWICK, 
 WILLIAM W. STONE, 
 
 ELBERT J. ANDERSON. 
 
 PRESIDENT I 
 
 THEODORE SEDGWICK. 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENT, 
 DISCHARGING THE DUTIES OF SECRETARY AND TREASURER: 
 
 WILLIAM WHETTEN. 
 
 Book-keeper. i L. C. STEWART, 
 
 Clerk, FRANCIS HAMILTON. 
 
 Superintending Architect and Engineer. . . C. E. DETMOLD. 
 
 Consulting Engineer HORATIO ALLEN. 
 
 I->UM j GEORGE J. B. CARSTENSEN, 
 
 Arcflltects "j CHARLES GILDEMEISTER. 
 
 Consulting Architect. EDMUND HURRY. 
 
 In charge of the Pattern Shop, j p U S ^y I | AE ' r>, 
 
 Superintendent at Reservoir Square G. W. STAUNTON. 
 
 In charge of the Office at Reservoir Square, HENRY M. VAUGHAN. 
 
LEAVING HOME. 
 
 15 
 
 LEAVING HOME. 
 
 Those of our visitors from beyond sea, who make the 
 voyage to New York, either as contributors to the Exhibi- 
 tion, or from curiosity to inspect the vast collection of ar- 
 ticles which will be congregated in the Crystal Palace, will, 
 of course, make their own preparations for their transit. 
 Such, likewise, will, undoubtedly, be the case with 
 strangers who may come from different portions of the 
 American Continent. They all probably know, or ima- 
 gine they are acquainted with the best means of trans- 
 portation, either for their persons or their goods, and, 
 in these matters, we shall not presume to volunteer 
 advice. The numerous lines of Ocean Steamers, Packet 
 Ships, &c, which are continually arriving at New York, not 
 only from foreign, but coastwise ports, offer sufficient facil- 
 ities to satisfy the peculiar tastes and means of all, while the 
 immense net work of our own internal Rail Road improve- 
 ments, — most of the main lines converging to New York 
 city, as a common centre — present a cheap and speedy me- 
 dium of travel, from the East, the North, the West, and the 
 South. 
 
 If visitors from abroad, however, intend spending the 
 summer in the city and its vicinity, they should come pre- 
 pared to enjoy themselves — while looking at the Lions, and 
 other sights in the city — and, although our own newspaper 
 and periodical agencies can furnish all the leading public 
 journals in the world, at exceedingly cheap rates, yet 
 there may be occasionally a newspaper or magazine of a 
 
16 
 
 LEAVING- HOME. 
 
 minor character, which habit or association has made a plea- 
 sant companion — such should be ordered to the address of 
 the visitor. 
 
 Standard and miscellaneous boohs can be procured here 
 in great variety, and at cheaper rates than similar European 
 works, and the same remark holds true in regard to the 
 light literature of the day — the reprints of English and Con- 
 tinental novels, tales, and novelettes, being nearly cotempo- 
 rary with the originals on the other side of the Atlantic. 
 
 In articles pertaining to the wardrobe, also, no extra stock 
 need be laid in, since an outfit, either for a gentleman or a 
 lady, can be procured here, as economically and in as good 
 style as in any city in the world. Our warerooms and sales- 
 rooms are filled with rich and costly goods, and likewise 
 with cheap and durable fabrics. All can be suited. Cash 
 is the most Useful article to have with you. 
 
 Leave home prepared, if possible, to visit Saratoga and 
 Niagara, Nahant and Newport, Long Branch and Cape 
 May, the Sulphur Springs of Virginia, and the cool, roman- 
 tic fountains of Schooley's Mountain, together with every 
 other object of interest within striking distance of the great 
 Metropolis. Locomotion from point to point is, with Hotel 
 charges, exceedingly cheap, and, while in transitu, opportu- 
 nity will be had to inspect the peculiarities of all our prin- 
 cipal cities, together with the intermediate towns, villages, 
 and farms, and the occasional mountainous ranges, sparkling 
 lakes, broad streams, and extensive forests, which prevail 
 over our vast but youthful country. 
 
ARRIVING IN THE CITY.- 
 
 17 
 
 ARRIVING IN THE CITY. 
 
 A GLANCE AT STEW YORK. 
 
 New York city covers a large area. It is an island, in 
 fact, some 13 J miles in length, by 2 J in average breadth, 
 forming a sort of irregular parallelogram. Its first point of 
 approach, from the ocean, is the Battery, an open space, 
 covered with stately trees, at the extreme southwesterly point 
 of the island. The insulation is formed by the intersection 
 of the North and East rivers at the Battery, and by a nar- 
 row channel called Spuyten Duyvel Creek, which very irre- 
 gularly extends across its northern limits, dividing the city 
 from Westchester county. 
 
 The town is principally built upon the soil of the southern 
 four miles, and the streets have arbitrary names for some 
 two miles northward, whence the longitudinal mean* of 
 transit are divided into parallel Avenues, numbered from the 
 1st A-venue westward 1, 2, 3, <fec, while eastward the same 
 thoroughfares are designated as Av. A, Av. B, Av. C, &c. 
 The cross streets, extending nearly east and w r est, are num- 
 bered from Houston street, (some two miles from the Bat- 
 tery,) as " 1st St.," " 2d St.," " 3d St.," &c, up to Harlem 
 river — a continuation of Spuyten Duyvel Creek — and thence 
 toward the North River, at which point the island presents 
 its greatest extension, until (on the map) 200th St. may be 
 easily located. 
 
 The northern portion of the corporation limits is, however, 
 generally rude, rocky and rough ; the avenues are, as a gene- 
 
IS 
 
 ARRIVING IN THE CITY. 
 
 ral thing, not graded or leveled, and the original boulders and 
 stony formation are rather unpleasantly apparent in ail their 
 primitive ugliness. 
 
 Below Houston st. the city is exceedingly irregular in re- 
 gard to street lines, some of which are crooked and intricate. 
 Broadway is the grand avenue of fashion and travel, and 
 for miles its broad Russ pavement extends northward from 
 the Battery. Strangers who, at night or day, are dubious 
 in regard to their locality, should inquire for " Broadway," 
 and once in this great thoroughfare, any point can be reached 
 within reasonable hours. Its course is near enough miciway 
 between the two rivers, to render it the grand artery of tra- 
 vel, and once upon its pave no novice need go astray. Fur- 
 ther remarks on this subject will be found in the subsequent 
 columns. 
 
 The peninsula of which New York city is the apex, is pe- 
 culiarly located. In fact, it, although a -Northern sea-port 
 on the American continent, seems to constitute the very cen- 
 tre of the commercial and social world on this side of the 
 Atlantic. Its shipping interests are far superior to those of 
 any other three cities in the Union, and, as to a common 
 focus, here concentrate all the steamer, railroad and telegraph 
 lines of the country. 
 
 We will indicate a few of the means of transit. By tele- 
 graph, a denizen or sojourner in New York can, at small 
 expense, communicate instantly with all our Northern cities 
 — Boston, Albany, and the intermediate stations, &c. ; with 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore and New Orleans : with Washing- 
 ton, Cincinnati and St. Louis : in fact, with every important 
 place this side of the Mississippi. The answers are returned 
 as soon as the received intelligence reaches the correspond- 
 ent — and intelligent, active lads will be found suddenly at 
 one's elbow, with a receipt book and the requisite response. 
 These telegraphic messages must be prepaid at the original 
 transmitting office, unless a special agreement is entered into. 
 Further particulars and full directions, in regard to the loca- 
 tion of the offices, &c, may be found in the tabular depart- 
 ment of this work. 
 
NETV YORK RAILROADS AND STEAMERS. 
 
 19 
 
 OF THE RAIL ROADS, &C, 
 
 There are only two which really land their passengers, 
 without change of cars, within the precincts of the city — 
 the " Hudson River " and the " Harlem." The former runs 
 several trains each day to and from New York, extending 
 as far as Albany, where it connects with the Canadian and 
 Lake travel. It takes the east bank of the Hudson through 
 the route, and is a safe and speedy means of conveyance. 
 The latter diverges from opposite Albany, somewhat inland, 
 to the eastward, the track being laid through some of the 
 most fertile regions of the State, until finally, coming down 
 through Westchester county, it unites with the New Haven 
 road above Harlem, and both trains cross the river and come 
 into the city on the same rails.- 
 
 By the New Haven branch a large portion of the Boston 
 travel comes through. 
 
 The depot of the Hudson River R. R. is at the corner of 
 Chambers st. and West Broadway. 
 
 Of the New Haven road, corner of Canal and Broadway. 
 
 Of the Harlem, Try on Row, opposite the Park, or at the 
 old Arsenal site, Centre street, near the "Halls of Justice." 
 
 Coming in from sea, very few vessels will try the perils 
 of " Hurl Gate." Our Eastern steamers and coasting craft 
 northward, are forced to take the northern shore of Long 
 Island, through the Sound, which, at Fort Schuyler, some 
 13 miles from the city, brings them into the East river, (so 
 called, but in reality only -an extensive tideway between Long 
 Island and the main land.) The scenery thence up to town 
 is varied and picturesque ; villages, villas and country seats 
 dotting either shore. 
 
 Approaching, Randall's Island — with its buildings de- 
 voted to the purposes of .city charities — will be seen on the 
 right ; and presently Ward's Island on the same hand, with 
 the edifices of the Commissioners of Emigration, devoted to 
 the uses of the indigent, destitute and sick, who have, from a 
 
20 
 
 NEW YORK STEAMERS. 
 
 foreign land, sought a home on these shores, but whose ne- 
 cessities compel a resort to the aid of the State. 
 
 A few rods further, and one is over the late dreaded 
 " Pot Rock," and in the very jaws of Hell Gate ! Mons. 
 Mallifert has made this Scylla harmless, however, and acci- 
 dents seldom occur. 
 
 The remainder of the passage to dock will not be remark- 
 ably interesting, although the philanthropist might cast a 
 curious glance at the Penitentiary structures on BlackwelPs 
 Island, lying in mid channel, with the Lunatic Asylum in the 
 foreground, and the different yet uniform aspect of the build- 
 ings for the indigent and disabled poor following. This por- 
 tion of the panorama is closed with a view of the Peniten- 
 tiary buildings themselves, where nearly a thousand adult 
 rogues, thieves, vagrants, et cetera, of small calibre, are 
 continually in durance ; the sentences of 3 or 6 months 
 from our city courts operating as no check on the general 
 muster roll ! A dozen are sent up each day,, and a dozen 
 come in. 
 
 The city venereal and small-pox hospitals are on this 
 island, and the philanthropic or inquiring visitor to our 
 " World's Fair " should not leave without making a thorough 
 investigation. 
 
 (See appendix for directions and particulars.) 
 
 From this point, the city will open upon the view, and, 
 with the exception of the " Shot Tower " — the Dry Dock, 
 and the immense ship yards in the vicinity, on the city and 
 Williamsburg shores, there is nothing of particular interest. 
 All cities are alike, on the outside view, so far as buildings 
 are concerned, merely, — and, when the passenger rounds 
 " Corlear's Hook," he or she may be considered fairly in New 
 York. The entrance from sea — via Sandy Hook — is dif- 
 ferent. 
 
 Steamers and vessels from the South, intend to give Bar- 
 negat, and its adjacent treacherous sands, a wide berth, 
 making " Easting " sufficient to run in past the Hook Lights 
 as though sailing from a European port. 
 
 The first New York Light generally seen, is that on the 
 
NEW YORK STEAMERS AND PACKETS. 21 
 
 southern shore of Long Island, denominated " Fire Island 
 Light," forty miles or so eastward of Sandy Hook. This, 
 if properly made, is an assurance of safety. A few hours' 
 run raises the two lights on the Neversink Highlands in New 
 Jersey, and these being fully identified, a slight northing is 
 given until the low lights, on Sandy Hook are plainly dis- 
 tinguishable. 
 
 Sandy Hook is a depressed spit of sand, running up from 
 the Jersey shore, northward, and is only about eighteen 
 miles from New York. Nearly at low water mark is a 
 Light-house, with two lighted beacons in the rear. 
 
 These distinctions and differences in the lights are plainly 
 apparent to ship masters in clear weather, and, as a pilot is 
 generally taken outside, no danger need be apprehended. 
 Giving Sandy Hook a berth of about one-fourth of a mile on 
 the larboard hand, the course is continued for some half mile 
 due west, when the pilot suddenly hauls nearly north and con- 
 tinues thus up to Quarantine. On the right, after hauling to 
 the northward, will be seen a sort of obelisk surmounted, by 
 an iron basket-shaped cap, which indicates the southwestern- 
 limit of the Romer Shoal — a broad sand-bar on which many 
 ships have been wrecked. 
 
 Immediately after passing this you will open Coney Island 
 on the starboard hand, while the shores of Staten Island, with 
 their lights and forts, on the larboard, stretch up towards the 
 city, within a short distance of the ship channel. 
 
 Towards the east, as the vessel nears the metropolis, may 
 be seen the heavy and extensive batteries of Fort Hamilton, 
 which, with the fortifications on the opposite shore, com- 
 pletely command the entrance to the harbor. This point is 
 called the '.' Narrows," and any vessel approaching the city, 
 is entirely at the mercy of the barbette guns and water 
 batteries. At the Quarantine ground, just above, the vessel 
 will be boarded by the Health Officer, and, if no contagious 
 disease exists, she will be immediately permitted to come up 
 to town. Bedloe's Island is passed on the left, towards the 
 Jersey City shore. Here is a strong fortification, denomi- 
 nated Fort Wood. 
 
22 
 
 NEW YORK RAILROADS, &c. 
 
 Ellis' Island, with Fort Gibson, is next passed, the channel 
 extending between the latter and Governor's Island, upon 
 which is a circular Fort, with two tiers of guns, besides 
 barbettes, backed by a series of the most impregnable Field 
 works in the Union. 
 
 Governor's Island is opposite the junction of the East 
 and North Rivers — some three-fourths of a mile from the 
 " Battery" — so called technically — and from its peculiar loca- 
 tion, commands all the waters of New York Bay and Harbor. 
 It is a Government port of much importance. The circular 
 battery is designated " Castle William " — the fortifications 
 themselves — " Fort Columbus." There is likewise a Water 
 Battery, which covers Buttermilk Channel, running between 
 Governor's Island and the Brooklyn shore. 
 
 Traveling to New York from the South, the -visitor takes 
 his choice. He can take steamers from New Orleans, 
 Charleston, and other ports, or choose the inland route, on our 
 various railroad lines. If by the latter, the cars only run 
 to Jersey City, opposite New Y^ork. 
 
 The routes from the East, with the exception of the 
 means of conveyance previously indicated, are partially by 
 Railroad to various points on Long Island Sound, and thence 
 by steamers to the city. 
 
 - From the West direct, the quickest means of transit is by 
 means of the Lakes to Dunkirk on Lake Erie, and thence 
 along the N. Y. <fc E. R. R. to the Ramapo branch, which 
 lands the traveler in Jersey City also. Baltimore or Phil- 
 adelphia may likewise be made a focus, from whence, by 
 means of cars, New York may be reached in a few hours. 
 Time tables and other valuable information will be found in 
 a separate department of this volume. 
 
HACKS AND HACKMEX. 23 
 
 HACKS AND HACKMEN. 
 
 On approaching the terminus of the trip, either by sea or 
 land, take every possible precaution in relation to the safety 
 of baggage, and of the respectability of the hotels at which 
 you propose stopping. 
 
 On board Steamers and Packet ships, the Captains, Purs- 
 ers or Stewards, if Americans, can always be relied upon, 
 and any information from them may be considered authentic 
 and honest. 
 
 The same remark will apply to the generality of Conduc- 
 tors on, the cars ; any dereliction of duty in this respect, if 
 reported to J;he managers of the Road, resulting in a prompt 
 dismissal of the offender. 
 
 But people had best keep a sharp look-out for themselves 
 on their arrival in the city. 
 
 Hackmen will board your Steamer or Packet ship and 
 offer all sorts of inducements for patronage. They will be- 
 set the cars while running into the depots — and even before. 
 They will tease you every way, but never you listen 1 
 
 Ask the officious Jehu, very quietly, if his number is 
 plainly painted on his carriage ? Ask him if his rates of fare 
 are conspicuously posted up within ? If in the night time 
 — ask him if his lamps are lit ? Then request his card ! If 
 all these queries are answered satisfactorily, make a regular 
 bargain for the transportation of yourself and baggage, to 
 the hotel which you yourself have chosen, and if, on arrival, 
 he over-charges, don't pay him one cent, but make complaint 
 of the extortion, the next morning, to the Chief of Police ! 
 
24 
 
 HACKS AND HACKMEX. 
 
 That hackman will not have the privilege of making 
 another speculation of the kind. 
 
 Remember one thing — make no arrangements on the 
 Jersey shore or Brooklyn side; our Police regulations 
 will not reach so far, but by following these plain direc- 
 tions, all visitors will find themselves safely at home in 
 New York. For rates of carriage charges read the follow- 
 ing prices allowed by law : — 
 
 M The prices or rates of fare to be taken by, or paid to, the owners 
 or drivers of hackney-coaches or carriages, shall be as follows ; to 
 wit: — 
 
 " For conveying a passenger any distance not exceeding one mile, 
 twenty-five cents ; for conveying two passengers the same distance, 
 fifty cents, or twenty-five cents each ; and for every additional pas- 
 senger, twenty-five cents each. 
 
 " For conveying a passenger any distance exceeding a mile, and not 
 exceeding two miles, fifty cents ; and for every additional passenger, 
 twenty-five cents. 
 
 " For conveying one passenger to Forty-second street, remaining 
 there for him half an hour, and returning with 7am, one dollar; and for 
 every additional passenger, twenty-five cents. 
 
 " For conveying'one passenger to Sixty-first street, and remaining 
 three quarters of an hour, and returning, one dollar and fifty cents ; 
 and for every additional passenger, thirty-seven and a hah' cents. 
 
 " For conveying one passenger to Eighty-sixth street, and remaining 
 one hour, and returning, two dollars ; and for every additional passen- 
 ger, fifty cents. 
 
 " For conveying one or more passengers to Harlem, and returning, 
 with the privilege of remaining three hours, four dollars. 
 
 " For conveying one or more passengers to Kingsbridge, and return- 
 ing, with the privilege of keeping the carriage all day, five dollars. 
 
 " For the use of a hackney-coach or carriage by the day, with ono 
 or more passengers, five dollars. 
 
 " For the use of a hackney-coach or carriage by the hour, with one 
 or more passengers, with the privilege of going from place to place, 
 and of stopping as often as may be required, as follows ; viz. — for the 
 first hour, one dollar ; for the second hour, seventy-five cents ; and for 
 every succeeding hour, fifty cents. 
 
 "For children, between two and fourteen years of age, half-price is 
 only to be charged j and for children under two years of age, no 
 charge is to be made. 
 
 "Whenever a hackney-coach or carriage shall be detained, ex- 
 cepting as aforesaid, the owner or driver shall be allowed after 
 
HACKS AND HACKMEN. 
 
 25 
 
 he rate of seventy-five cents for an' hour, thirty-seven and a half 
 cents for each and every subsequent hour, and so in proportion for 
 any part of the first and subsequent hour which the same may be so 
 detained. 
 
 For attending a funeral within the lamp-and-watch district, two 
 dollars ; which charges shall include for the necessary detention and 
 returning with passengers. 
 
 " Every driver or owner of a hackney-coach, carriage, or cab, shall 
 carry, transport, and convey in and upon his coach, carriage, or cab, 
 in addition to the person or persons therein,- one trunk, valise, saddle- 
 bag, carpet-bag, portmanteau, or box, if he be requested so to do, for 
 each passenger, without charge or compensation therefor; but for 
 every trunk or other such articles abovenamed, more than one for 
 each passenger, he shall be entitled to demand and receive the sum 
 of G cts. - 
 
 " In case of disagreement as to distance or price, the same shall be 
 determined by the mayor, or superintendent of hackney-coaches and 
 carriages." 
 
26 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 In no city in the world can a gentleman of leisure find a 
 greater variety of hotel accommodations than in New York, 
 and in no city do the prices of board and lodgings take 
 a wider range. 
 
 With unexampled facilities for the procurement of all 
 the necessaries and luxuries on the face of the globe, from 
 distant shores, and with the best stocked meat, fish and 
 vegetable markets of domestic produce, which can be found 
 anywhere, our Hotel and Boarding-house keepers may 
 defy competition, either in quality or cheapness. 
 
 People visiting New York can find veiy good private 
 accommodations at from $5 to Si 5 per week, according to 
 locality and table service, while the cost of living at our 
 public houses .varies from $6 per week to $20 per day. Or, 
 if preferable, they can procure well ventilated single rooms, 
 with clean and comfortable beds, at from $3 to $G per week, 
 and take their meals wherever choice may dictate. 
 
 There are several Hotels kept on what is called the 
 " European plan," where only lodgings are furnished, there 
 being no ordinary attached, — but, usually, in such cases, 
 there is an excellent Restaurant in the basement, where, 
 once seated, the " Bill of Fare " is placed before one, from 
 which he can choose any dish on the programme. 
 
 Gentlemen with families will, however, be obliged to 
 secure private apartments in some family or Boarding-house, 
 or resort to accommodations in the higher grade of Hotels, 
 where meals, &c, can either be served in their own rooms, or 
 
HOTELS. 
 
 27 
 
 they can resort to the Public Ordinary of the establishment, 
 where, at times, some five hundred people will be seated at 
 once. 
 
 The tables are, however, always served with a profusion 
 of the delicacies of the season, including game, fruits, ices, 
 &c. The dessert is unexceptionable. Wines are usually 
 furnished to order, unless a special agreement is made with 
 the landlord. 
 
 Always lock and bolt your doors on retiring for the night ! 
 In fact, never leave your rooms unlocked. This is an im- 
 perative precaution. For list of the principal Hotels see 
 next page. 
 
28 
 
 PRINCIPAL HOTELS IN NEW YORK. 
 
 PRINCIPAL HOTELS IN NEW TOM. 
 
 ASTOR HOUSE, 
 
 ST. NICHOLAS, . 
 
 BIXBY'S BROADWAY HOUSE, 
 
 and Park Place. 
 METROPOLITAN HOTEL, 
 COLLAMORE, 
 CARLTON HOUSE, 
 ATLANTIC HOTEL, 
 NEW YORK HOTEL, 
 IRVING HOUSE, . 
 HOWARD HOUSE, . 
 CLINTON HOTEL, 
 EARLE'S HOTEL, . 
 FRENCH'S HOTEL, 
 TAMMANY HOTEL, 
 LOVE JOY'S, 
 MANSION HOUSE, . 
 MERCHANTS' HOTEL, 
 WESTERN HOTEL, 
 NATIONAL HOTEL, . 
 PULTON HOTEL, . 
 UNITED STATES HOTEL, 
 GUNTER'S HOTEL, 
 GIRARD HOUSE, 
 PRESCOTT HOUSE, 
 
 Broadway, cor. of Barclay-street. 
 " near Broome, " 
 European Plan, cor. Broadway 
 
 Broadway, cor. of Prince street. 
 " " Spring " 
 
 " " Leonard " 
 
 " near the Battery. 
 " " Waverley Place. 
 
 " cor. of Chambers st. 
 " M Maiden Lane. 
 
 Beekman st., near Park Row. 
 
 No. 11 Park Row. 
 
 Chatham street, cor. of Frankfort. 
 
 Park Row, corner of Beekman. 
 Chambers street, near Church, 
 Cortlandt street. 
 
 144 Pulton street. 
 
 Fulton, corner of Pearl street. 
 
 " near Broadway. 
 Chambers, corner of Hudson st. 
 Broadway, corner of Spring st. 
 
A "WALK UP BROADWAY. 
 
 29 
 
 A WALK UP BROADWAY. 
 
 This great and important thoroughfare may be consid- 
 ered as the main artery of city travel and fashionable pro- 
 menade. From it, and towards it lead all the minor 
 avenues of across-town locomotion, and extending nearly 
 North and South, on the middle ridge of Manhattan 
 Island, it has been — not inappropriately — termed the 
 " Back Bone" of the city. 
 
 The drainage of the sewers and gutters, as a general 
 thing, takes Broadway as the summit-level ; and into the 
 East or North Rivers continual streams of refuse matters, 
 mingled with the Croton, are ever flowing. Most of 
 these are underneath the pavement ; but, as yet, too often, 
 the surface gutters, on the side streets, are loaded — 
 especially in warm weather — with unwholesome, un- 
 pleasant debris^ the slops of kitchens, the refuse of mar- 
 kets, butchers' slops, and groceries, which comes disagree- 
 ably over the olfactories. 
 
 Broadway proper, however, from the Battery to Union 
 square, is a magnificent and broad avenue, with wide side- 
 walks, and splendid stores and dwellings on either 
 hand. 
 
 Years ago, very few places of business could be noticed ; 
 but, at, the present day, owing to the rapid progress of the 
 wants of trade, most of the sites of the ancient domiciles 
 have been metamorphosed into warehouses, wholesale and 
 retail, and store-rooms innumerable. 
 
 Broadway is, in reality, a great commercial city in itself; 
 and from early morning until midnight, an immense throng, 
 
30 
 
 A WALK UP BROADWAY. 
 
 comprising all ages, sexes, and conditions, are crowding its 
 spacious limits. 
 
 The ladies' shopping hour, for the up-town fashionables, 
 commences about 10 o'clock A.M., and continues until 3 
 o'clock P.M., during which time countless costly equipages 
 are rolling along the " Ptuss," and pulling up here and there, 
 as the necessities or whims of the fair occupants may dic- 
 tate. After dinner the grand promenade commences, and 
 the rich dresses, purchased a week since, are gaily flaunted, 
 all along the shady (West) side. A lady of respect- 
 ability and standing does not lose caste by strolling 
 out, unattended, during the hours of daylight, and no gcn- 
 tieman would presume to insult her, or even rudely address 
 her ; but after dark very few females, except those of dubious 
 character, will be met in Broadway alone ! New York 
 courtesans, then, generally have possession of the pave, and, 
 although occasionally, a rather prettily dressed seamstress, 
 or other workwoman, will be seen hurrying homeward, 
 honest, industrious, and virtuous, yet, in the main, lone wo- 
 men, after the lamps are lit, may be considered as women of 
 the town. These Broadway demireps are, usually, tastefully 
 and even richly costumed : many of them are very beautiful 
 syrens, but strangers had best never make their acquaintance ! 
 They are universally irreclaimable reprobates, and m?' 4 
 of them are panel prostitutes of the worst class. 
 
 This brief caution we insert for the benefit of our friends 
 from the country, who visit the metropolis : people who are 
 city-bred will not need the warning. 
 
 Commencing at the Battery, the first feature which at- 
 tracts the notice of the visitor from abroad, is the crush and 
 jam of hacks, ccaches, omnibuses, &c, with which Broad- 
 way is filled. Crossing the street is a matter of difficulty, 
 and often of danger ; and the same, or even a more dis- 
 agreeable predicament, the stranger pedestrian will find 
 himself constantly subjected to, until he has progressed 
 nearly a mile, on his tour of observation. 
 
 You will find, in the confusion of Broadway, represent- 
 atives of every nation on the earth — the Armenian with his 
 
A WALK UP BROADWAY. 
 
 31 
 
 petticoat and soap, the Jew selling old clothes, the Italian 
 with his moustache, and the Cuban dreaming of the liberty 
 of his native land. 
 
 Then, down this vast avenue dashes one of the ex- 
 tracts of japonicadom, with prancing steeds, while next 
 to him will be found the wagon of the baker and the 
 butcher. At the foot of Broadway you will meet the blue 
 jacket of the soldier, the wide pantaloons of the sailor, and 
 the brogans of the Irish emigrant. The merchant's clerk, 
 with more money than many people ever saw, will hurry by 
 you, and the poet, who has written immortal verses, will 
 pass you. W. C. Bryant will touch you with his elbow, 
 Bancroft may be, perhaps, crowded into the gutter, and 
 the author of " Knickerbocker's History of New York" may 
 pass you ; you may pass, if you be lucky, Longfellow j or 
 the pale intellectual face of T. B. Reid, may attract your 
 gaze. All this is nothing ; you will pass marble edifices 
 which look like royal palaces, but are simply dry goods' 
 stores, and then you will come to old Trinity. You will see 
 a church-yard where rest many of the gre'at men of Ame- 
 rica—see the tomb of Lawrence, and look into Wall street ; 
 when a little further up you will see Barnum's Museum, 
 and, at the diagonal corner, you will see an edifice which 
 looks like a fortification, but is not, and then have a view of 
 the City Hall : it is the model edifice of the country, and 
 just beyond you will see the marble palace of Stewart. 
 Look at it, for no such building exists in any other city. 
 You will pass up Broadway where Alboni sang — that is its 
 great triumph — and after passing an array of palaces, will be 
 able to examine the St. Nicholas, the Metropolitan, and New 
 York Hotels, until, at last, you will find yourself at Union 
 Square, a lucus-a-non-lucendo, for the square is an ellipse. 
 You have reached the end of Broadway, for ail old York- 
 ers will insist, that what extends beyond' is " the Bloom- 
 ingdale Road." 
 
 At this end of the street you will find another artery of 
 New York emptying in Broadway as the great carotid 'does 
 into the heart. It is the Bowery. Hitherto you have met, 
 
THE BOWERY. 
 
 essentially " the other ten thousand," not the hard-handed 
 but true-hearted, honest-minded portion of the people ; but 
 from the foot of the square we refer to you will meet, min- 
 gling and jostling together, the car of the baker and the 
 equipage of the Fifth Avenue, the son of the baker in his 
 coach, and the baker of to-day in his basket, the breakfast, 
 perhaps, of his father's fellow-apprentice. The clerk from 
 the foot of Broadway, from the curriers' shops in the 
 Swamp, from the east and the west, all meet here on an 
 equal pas, and it seems scarcely possible to distinguish them. 
 Let us have done with Broadway. 
 
 THE BOWERY. 
 
 This is the street of streets. What gives New York its 
 peculiar character is one of those thoroughfares which exist 
 in no other country. A wider avenue probably cannot be 
 found, yet it lacks many of the essentials of a great street. 
 What Broadway was forty years ago the Bowery is now, 
 and the many insignificant houses one sees there, destroy 
 the effect it otherwise would produce. Except the Bowery 
 Theatre, it has scarcely a building rising above mediocrity ; 
 and the houses on either side are made more insignificant by 
 the very amplitude of the way. One of the greatest differ- 
 ences between Broadway and the Bowery is found in the 
 appearance of the men and women who frequent them. In 
 the one you will find the kid-gloved and Japan-booted gen- 
 try, and in the other sturdy, stout and horn-handed men, 
 who look on this side and on that with a boldness of glance 
 sufficient to declare that they ow r e nothing to anybody, -and 
 are utterly independent. The women, too, are beautiful, 
 but their beauty is of a different kind from that of the 
 Broadway belles. There are to be met with dark eyes, rosy 
 cheeks, and graceful forms, though wrapped in calico. Feet 
 quite as small as those of any city of the world fall on the 
 * pavement ; and alas ! and alas ! as many pale faces are to 
 be met with. Their pallor, however, is not the result of 
 dissipation, and late hours passed in the ball and opera, but 
 
CHATHAM STREET. 
 
 33 
 
 of the hot air of fetid shops, by ceaseless bending over the 
 work-table, where toil is not made lighter even by the idea 
 that it will be remunerated. Look kindly on those fair yet 
 fading forms, for as sure as you live, some one that flits by 
 you either stitched the shirt you wear, folded the paper you 
 read in the morning, or discharged some other service for 
 you. But the Bowery has its pleasures ; the bold, rollick- 
 ing boys, the mad- cap girls who look so winningly from be- 
 neath the jaunty bonnets they wear, need fun and will have 
 it. Walk with us into that building, and see what is going 
 on. The music is in full blast, and you will see parties trip- 
 ping down the floor lightly and gaily, as if they danced in 
 the damask- hung saloons of the Fifth avenue. Yet they 
 have no common dances to dance, no cotillions or contra- 
 dances, but the Polka, Mazourka and Schottish, each, by- 
 the-way, as w r ell executed as anywhere else. See them, too, 
 at supper, how the b'hoys crush Champagne, how they eat, 
 drink and make merry, urging Jane to drink another bottle, 
 to order something else, and carry home a pocketfull of can- 
 dies. The Bowery is, as we said, emphatically New York, 
 and he who has not seen it is utterly unaware of one of the 
 great peculiarities of the American people. 
 
 CHATHAM STREET. 
 
 At the end of the Bowery is Chatham-street, a closely 
 built, narrow, and essentially nast)^ way, scarce worthy to be 
 called a street, and more like Houndsditch than any other 
 known place. It is monopolized by shoe-dealers, tailors and 
 venders of cheap clothing — occasionally a mock-auction 
 store, the employees of almost all of which preserve the 
 unfailing type of Judaism in their countenance and garb. 
 It is, in fact, a Hebrew colony, and from the lips of the 
 older of the inhabitants, the sonorous tones of the language 
 of Moses are very frequently heard. Woe, though, to the 
 unsophisticated stranger who falls into their hands, for 
 fleeced he will be beyond any possibility of doubt. 
 • <• 2* 
 
34 
 
 "WALL STREET. 
 
 WALL STREET. 
 
 There is a famous church in Broadway, which Europeans 
 say recalls something of the cathedrals of the Old World. 
 Around this Minster-like edifice are twined many associa- 
 tions, for there are buried the old Knickerbockers of New 
 York history, the kinsmen and descendants of Petrus Stuy- 
 vesant and the gallant old cavaliers who, in the days of King 
 Charles and the other Stuarts, received honor and office 
 from the hands of the Martyr's sons and their successors. 
 Many heads are now lying beneath the sod of its cemetery 
 which wore waving plumes and bonnets in the courtly 
 presence, and fought in those rude wars which wrested 
 Quebec and the Canadas from the lilies of France. William 
 IV. has stood amid its tombstones, and the brave Lawrence 
 slumbers beneath the shadow of its spire. Fair ladies 
 throng it on Sunday, and, even now, pious, God-fearing men 
 pray for pardon for their many sins : — it is Trinity Church. 
 If you stand in the turret of that beautiful church and look 
 into Broadway, you will see a narrow street with strange 
 looking houses, on either side parading columns and pillars, 
 great windows presenting exaggerated pretensions to archi- 
 tectural beauty, but which, after all, are but ginger-bread 
 palaces. If, however, the stranger should fancy they repre- 
 sent nothing, he would be mistaken ; for, in those narrow- 
 looking houses, more capital is concentrated than, in the 
 same space, in any other country. That narrow-looking 
 brick building contains the office of one of the great Dispatch 
 Agencies, which transmit to Americans the wealth of one 
 side of the world. Above it is the bureau of one of those 
 great companies which build fleets of steamers larger than 
 the navies of many sovereigns, and that pale, thoughtful 
 man with curling gray hair, manages an anaount of money 
 
"WALL STREET. 
 
 35 
 
 which would make many royal Dukes, aye, " sovereigns, 
 wealthy. Go farther down, and you pass a marble building 
 not unlike a temple of old. And a temple it is, of a god, 
 one worshipped in all ages, in all lands — Mammon. It is 
 the Custom House — a perfect bomb-proof, capable of stand- 
 ing .a siege, with great solid pillars which look as if they 
 would support the burden of Atlas. Walk around the in- 
 voice desks — that scrip of paper came from Smyrna, and the 
 ink on the other lying by it, was perhaps dried by sand of 
 the lava of ^Etna. That rough looking man is supercargo 
 of a vessel from around the Horn, and that- smooth dapper- 
 looking individual is a clerk from a great Silk-house of 
 Lyons or Tours. Every industry, every art finds its repre- 
 sentative there, and evidence of treasure now floating on the 
 broad seas is already deposited and being assessed. There 
 rises another palace on the other side of the street — white 
 marble is exhibited in the utmost profusion, while vast colon- 
 nades, a superb dome, and corridors which seem interminable, 
 spread before you. It is the Exchange — the Bourse, the 
 heart of hearts of American finance. We know what we 
 are about in this country, and beneath those columns you 
 will see as shrewd merchants as ever congregated in any 
 other land. It is high 'change, and the merchants look up 
 the street at the spire of old Trinity ; perhaps one might 
 think to gather around' their hearts some little portion of 
 divine unction. You are mistaken, though, for no such 
 fancy entered their souls — they were simply looking at the 
 dial of the clock, in fear lest they might be too late and 
 some of the prime fancies already knocked down. On the 
 other side of the street is a musty, inky looking old building, 
 which, in its time, has been the scene of much that was 
 strange and odd, and is yet oue of the notabilities of New 
 York as the seat of a mighty Journal. That we think its 
 power not departed, is proven by the fact that we have ad- 
 vertised this book in its columns. 
 
 We said that if, unexperienced, you entered Chatham 
 street, you would be fleeced. We will say that if, old as 
 Methuseleh, you enter Wall street, you will certainly be 
 shaved. 
 
36 
 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 A whole volume would not suffice adequately to explain 
 this fertile head, which comprises cock-fights, ten-pin alleys, 
 billiard rooms, theatres, concerts, operas, panoramas, dioramas, 
 etc., etc. 
 
 Cock Fights. — In some parlor or neighborhood of the 
 Bowery and Grand street, where dark alleys and the rich 
 Irish brogue are common, where naked children congregate 
 and the B'hoys sit on hydrants, where the streets are lighted 
 by oil, and the Corporation brooms rarely brush, there is an 
 edifice devoted to dog-fights, a, cock-pit and rat killing. 
 There the famous Pig Pate exhibited his prowess in killing a 
 terrier in 4.40, and Johnny Small's famous fighting chicken, 
 the Grand Turk, was for years monarch of all he surveyed. 
 There we once sat some years ago, amid such a crowd as 
 no other city could produce, all, as they say in the west, "in 
 caboot." Kid gloved gentry, with coats from the Broadway 
 Modistes, rough carmen from the foot of Pearl street, and 
 B'hoys from the shambles and work-shops, each leaning 
 over the pit and betting madly ; and, occasionally, as largely 
 as English nobles do at the Derby. The dog rushes about 
 like the swine possessed of the devil, and the poor rats fly, 
 squeaking, hither and thither, flying up and down as the 
 dog tosses them above and around him. Occasionally some 
 old grey-bearded Norwegian is forced into the cover and 
 makes fight like a stag at bay, or the wounded and des- 
 perate gladiator. The contest is, however, in vain, for the 
 
LEAVING- HOME. 
 
 terrier accomplishes the feat in the given time, and the 
 motley crowd adjourn to the reeking bar-room to pay bets 
 and imbibe bad rum dignified with all earthly names. 
 
 BOWERY THEATRE. 
 
 Let us turn aside from this scene and step into yon impos- 
 ing edifice of stucco. It is the Theatre par excellence — the 
 Bowery Theatre. The price of a ticket is twenty-five cents 
 — a Frenchman would say a franc, an Englishman a shilling. 
 The house is jammed from top to bottom. Full, however, 
 as it is, it will be fuller, for the throng yet passes the door 
 until it finally seems compact as a barrel of mackerel. A 
 tall man with a saturnine look passes up and down the 
 passages with a long bamboo, such as they use in India for 
 the bastinado. It has made acquaintance with more than 
 one of the jackets m that pit, for the Bowery and Chatham 
 hare pits while the rest of the theatres have parterres. The 
 recipients of the rattan bearer's favor submit to it there with 
 humility, but woe be to the unlucky knight who should 
 threaten even any such operation elsewhere. 
 
 The boxes are crowded with pretty women, and the au- 
 dience is attentive and orderly, except between the acts or 
 when some favorite actor dies, or a great dancer flits from the 
 stage. Good judges of acting, too, are" the Bowery audiences, 
 and see quite as many eminent men as any other in the city. 
 They will not either be put off with indifferent performers. 
 
 On the other side of the street is the Circus and Menagerie, 
 the Horse and Lion Opera, the scene of gold and spangles, 
 where people ride on horses and hang themselves for the 
 amusement of the public " on the Slack Rope" 
 
 Lower down the street you find other places of amuse- 
 me'nt, where strong men break boulders, crush rocks, walk upon 
 ceilings with their heads downwards, and where Model Artistes 
 figure every night as Venus rising from the sea. 
 
sa 
 
 BARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM. 
 
 NATIONAL THEATRE 
 
 In Chatham street. Here we are in the realm of the Melo- 
 drama, where Kirby died in the Amerkan flag, and where 
 the " Jewess" is yet a favorite piece. It was not, however, 
 always so, for Booth, Wallack, and many excellent actors 
 have walked its boards, and good acting can be now seen 
 and crowded houses. 
 
 BARNUM's AMERICAN MUSEUM. 
 
 The alterations and improvements of this magnificent es- 
 tablishment are completed, and the Museum, as it now 
 stands, outrivals anything of the kind in the United States. 
 We may consider its attractions in their extent, variety, or 
 beneficial tendency, and in each, must pronounce it to be 
 excellent/ and worthy public patronage. Its proprietor, 
 Phiaeas T. Barnum, has long been honored by the " golden 
 opinions" of the world, and has, with justice, been 
 designated the Napoleon of his profession. Untiring in 
 his endeavors to cater worthily for general instruction and 
 amusement, he has, either by himself or through his agents 
 abroad, purchased specimens of Nature and of Art, from 
 every country under the sun. Expense and distance are 
 no obstacles to him, as is exemplified in his Museum in 
 this city. 
 
 The genius of Barnum is truly American. He has not 
 rested content, as many other men would have done, after 
 the great efforts he has already made, and the handsome 
 fortune he has already realised ; on the contrary, he is the 
 same active spirit as ever. His introduction to the New 
 York public of the Chinese Lady and her attendants, is* of 
 too recent occurrence to require more than this brief 
 allusion, and its comparisons as an indication of endeavor, 
 with the proposal he made to Jenny Lind, which that 
 eminent cantatrice accepted. In point of liberality, the 
 terms of the " Swedish Nightengale's" engagement in 
 
NIBLO'S. 
 
 39 
 
 _ America were far be3 T ond any proffered her by European 
 managers, and evince Mr. Barnum's determination to do all 
 in his power to secure the highest talent and attraction, 
 and so not to be outdone, in his character of a public caterer, 
 by any man whatever. 
 
 To give a full description of the Museum, would take 
 more room in our work than we can spare ; but we say it 
 is well worth a visit, and cheap at a quarter, which is the 
 price of tickets. How many thousand different curiosities 
 this place of amusement contains, we are unable to say. 
 
 THE BROADWAY THEATRE. 
 
 This place of amusement is worthy of note, and on its 
 boards you will probably find Mr. Forrest, the great Ame- 
 rican Tragedian, who has, for the last few years, made his 
 public appearances at this establishment. The edifice is 
 magnificent ; the boxes "well arranged, and the company 
 good. It is a fair representation of the Park, the old 
 Drury of America. 
 
 , THE NEGRO MINSTRELS. 
 
 These will, no doubt, attract your attention, and they are 
 the most pleasant and, perhaps, the most select places of 
 amusement in the city. The "'•upper ten" can be seen here, 
 and the silks and satins will rattle around you more than at 
 any other place : a very pleasant evening can be spent in 
 heaiing their numerous songs, glees, and jokes. 
 
 niblo's. 
 
 Next is Niblo's Hotel, Concert Room, Theatre, Cate, 
 etc., an omnium-gatherum made illustrious by Parodi, Son- 
 tag, Alboni, and others. It is the people's Opera, and 
 always is crowded when people go thither, not so much for 
 music as for its dolce far niente and ices. 
 
40 
 
 BURTON'S THEATRE. 
 
 METROPOLITAN HALL. 
 
 You might pass Metropolitan Hall without noticing it, so 
 utterly is it built in by unpromising looking buildings. 
 Pass up its labyrinthic stairway, however, and you will be 
 amply rewarded by its noble vista : on a concert night it 
 will recall the Chinese feast of lanterns, or oriental 
 splendor. 
 
 THE ASTOR PLACE OPERA HOUSE : 
 
 A huge, ungainly edifice, and scene of the most brilliant 
 musical triumphs, and of one of the saddest tragedies of real 
 life that have ever happened in New York. Down that street 
 the cavalry charged and were routed, and across that 
 place the musketry rattled ; and unfortunately, in all, and in 
 many cases innocent men groaned out their last breath. 
 Pass up the circular stairway, and from the door of the par- 
 terre look around ; all is piquant, pretty, and attractive. 
 The boxes are so arranged as to exhibit the rich dress, the 
 heavily brodes cloaks, the dazzling jewellery of the fairer 
 sex, and the neglige, yet elegant 2^oses of the cavaliers. 
 You will hear all manner of languages here : the soft Iatlian, 
 the sonorous Castilian, the flippant French, guttural German, 
 and sibilant English ; the latter drawled out so as to seem al- 
 most another dialect. It is the house par excellence of the aris- 
 tocracy of New York, who never patronise Theatres, and 
 who prove that they care little for Operas by talking 
 throughout the performance. The Hemicycle upstairs is 
 another matter : it is filled with Opera-goers, who come for the 
 Opera's sake. Take a place among these if you be of them. 
 
 BURTON'S THEATRE. 
 
 • This Theatre was once Palmo's Italian Opera, which 
 failed ; but, for several years, has occupied, under the 
 management of Mr. Burton, in America precisely the po- 
 
BURTON'S THEATRE. 
 
 41 
 
 sition which the Comedie Franpaise does in Paris. The 
 •company is unusually good, and Burton himself is a brighter 
 star than he could find outside of his establishment. Pla- 
 cide is almost always engaged at this Theatre ; and when 
 the two appear together, a greater attraction cannot be 
 devised. The Theatre is always crowded, and is one of 
 the features of New York, and a place of resort where fun 
 can be seen. 
 
42 
 
 STREET-SHOWS. 
 
 STREET-SHOWS. 
 
 NO FREE LIST TICKETS SIX-PENCE. 
 
 In passing along City Hall Square and the Bowery, we 
 Lave of late frequently been tempted by the aitistic signs 
 displayed by the proprietors of numerous " street-shows," or 
 exhibitions of natural curiosities, who have recently taken 
 up their quarters in those sections of the city. The dark- 
 brown monkey, with an extended caudal appendage depicted 
 as ascending a tree-limb, surrounded by a brilliant assem- 
 blage of interior monkeys, snakes, cats, birds, and other 
 small deer, appeared to invite us to enter, and a few even- 
 ings since we determined, like a second Daniel, to enter the 
 lion's den and there beard him. 
 
 Who could resist the eloquence of that gentleman in a 
 glossy hat, velvet coat and plaid pantaloons, who invites the 
 attention of the passers-by to "enter and behold the greatest 
 living curiosities in the world for six cents, to be seen to be 
 believed," occasionally executing an extempore breakdown 
 to the accompaniment of a spasmodic organ and a hearty, 
 healthy bass drum. We entered, amidst a grand crash by 
 the organ and an alarum by the bass drum, and were nearly 
 knocked down, not by the musicians, but by the atmosphere of 
 the establishment, which " smelt to heaven." " Not all the 
 perfumes of Arabia n could make that place sweet, and yet in 
 it* midst lives "the Happy Family," agreeing like birds in 
 their little nests. That they are happy, five-legged sheep, 
 
STREET SHOWS. 
 
 43 
 
 ant-eaters, monkeys, cats, rats, porcupines and all, we have 
 the word of the gentlemanly proprietor. A sickly-looking 
 young lady with a child, with an unpleasant-looking head, 
 two colored ladies, and a gentleman from the country, 
 formed the 'audience while we were present, and had the 
 felicity of seeing the animals stirred up, and witnessing sun- 
 dry sommersaults and contortions by two very ragged and 
 very dirty boys, almost sans culottes, for which they de- 
 manded sundry pennies, their performances not being in- 
 cluded in the charge for admission. As we retired, the 
 gentleman at the door said : 
 
 " Well, gen'lemen, you have seed the curiosities and 
 judged for yourselves. The gretest in the world. Tell 
 these gen'lemen outside the door, ( who are a wantin' to come 
 in, how you like 'em, if you please." 
 
 " Wonderful, certainly," we replied as we left, and heard 
 him exclaiming triumphantly : 
 
 " There, gen'lemen and little boys — hear what the gen'le- 
 men says as has seen for themselves, and walk in for only 
 six cents." 
 
 We were next attracted by the transparency representing 
 a very short female with a very red dress, her face adorned 
 by whiskers, moustasche and chin-tuft, standing on a chair 
 by the side of a gentleman in ball-room costume — the great- 
 est curiosity in the world — a living girl with the beard of a 
 man. Astonishing, wonderful ! and the sea-lion, both to be 
 seen for one shilling. Who could resist ? The organ 
 pealed, the drum beat; and we were in the presence of the 
 phenomenon. Although not "bearded like the pard," she 
 was certainly a hair-ess, and inherited an heir-loom in the 
 shape of capillary substance upon her face. We took the 
 word of the showman as "a man of honor and a gentle- 
 man," which he freely and voluntarily pledged us, " that 
 the object we saw was a female, and had the additional ad- 
 vantage of being double jointed, a native of Belgium, and 
 only eight years of age last grass." 
 
 The sea-lion, tiger, or walrus, was quite attractive as 
 the female, and apparently a fit companion for hfir. Whether 
 
44 
 
 STREET-SHOWS. 
 
 she is amphibious or not we are unable to say. The music 
 at this establishment consisted of Katy Darling, executed 
 upon a superb barrel organ, afflicted witli a whOoping- 
 cough. 
 
 But now we come to the attractive exhibition. Witness 
 yonder brilliant painting, depicting that modern Hercules in 
 a light and tasteful Arab dress, red boots and jeweled tur- 
 ban, struggling with the shaggy monster of the forest — the 
 '^Wrestling Bear." We must see that. We descend into 
 a cellar, a small, ten by twelve apartment, with a scent as 
 powerful, though not as sweet as that which hangs around 
 the shattered vase of attar of roses. As we paid our six- 
 pences and entered, a dejected Italian organ-grinder started 
 into activity, and received us with the lively and appropriate 
 air of " Home, Sweet Home," while a molasses-and- water 
 colored negro raised himself from the floor, and made seve- 
 ral desperate lunges at a black heap of something in the 
 corner. A low growl came from the heap, and after a few 
 more lunges and exclamations of " Hey ! hi," the mass re- 
 solved itself into a small black bear, and stood upon its hind 
 legs. The negro, who we suppose was a part of the show, 
 probably captured on the coast of Africa, or a waif and 
 est ray from some Southern plantation, " rasling," an amuse- 
 ment which the bear seemed to enjoy hugely, and in which' 
 he did not make a single faux pas. His friend the negro 
 remarked that " he was as rough as a bear," at which we 
 were expected to laugh, that being the joke of the exhibi- 
 tion. We left, and left no trace behind us — barring the six- 
 pence which we had deposited. 
 
 The cap-sheaf of the entertainment was the great Cali- 
 fornia grizzly bear, weighing 2,000 pounds, and measuring 
 a large number of feet beside his paws. He was really a 
 wonderful animal, the biggest b'ar as was ever ketched, as 
 we were informed by the individual connected with the stir- 
 ring department, who was suffering under a severe attack of 
 influenza, which, taken in connection with the terrific boom ! 
 boom ! boom ! of the bass drum, rendered his description 
 somewhat unintelligible. 
 
STREET-SHOWS. 45 
 " Where was he caught ?" 
 
 " Well, I do' dow ! the ban that kitched him aint (boom, 
 r boom, boom!) in a cage; and then they didn't give him 
 (boom, boom, boom !) for seven days an' dights ! and den 
 dey caught him and den brought him." A stir and a roar, 
 and the huge monster of the Nevada mountains paced to 
 and fro, his eyes flashing fire. 
 
 An individual in spectacles, with a wife in a brown shawl, 
 accompanied by a small boy in crimson velvet, then entered, 
 and the animal was stirred up again for their edification. 
 The lady started back with a faint scream, and wondered if 
 'the cage was strong enough ; and said that she couldn't 
 bear bears, they were such brutes. Upon which her hus- 
 band said, he hoped she would bear with them, and not bear 
 them. The little boy inquired whether bears live in cages 
 where they grew, and on being told that they lived in dens 
 like thieves, and caves like Robinson Crusoe, the young gen- 
 tleman was satisfied. There were other curiosities in this 
 establishment, which was dingy and dirty, and dark — the 
 walls placarded with show-bills, circus-bills, coarse pictures 
 of tight-rope dancers, minus their heads ; equestrians with 
 their legs torn off, small dwarfs and long giants ; but the 
 chief attraction was the great bear of the menagerial hemi- 
 sphere, in whose light all the little bears, monkeys, and other 
 " stars " in that firmament, pale their ineffectual fires. 
 
 If any of our readers, having a taste for natural history, 
 and liking curiosities, will visit the " street-shows " we have 
 spoken of, they will be abundantly satisfied. 
 
40 
 
 SALOONS. 
 
 SALOONS. 
 
 Start from the Battery and pass up Broadway, at every 
 hundred yards you will pass an Oyster Saloon, in which 
 not only oysters but other condiments are sold. One 
 might think that the people of New York should essentially 
 be classed as an oyster-eating community. Turn into 
 Hudson, Bleecker, the Bowery, East-Broadway, ay, and even 
 into the precious Fifth Avenue, the pearl-bed of japoni- 
 cadom, and you will find, if you judge from appearances, 
 that " the thousand" of " the upper ten thousand" eat 
 oysters and drink rum with as much ease as the dwellers 
 of the lowest quarters of the town. They are not all, how- 
 ever, of the same class, for they vary according to the men 
 which frequent them. In the one, you will find the second 
 class gentry — people who toil by day, and put on airs by 
 night ; in another, men who w T ork, and tell you so, who are 
 frank, free, and open, and say, " I am a blacks?nith, a, tanner, 
 a printer, or the Lord knows what." One degree lower 
 down, you will find the men of no occupation, who would 
 work, if they had industry to find it, but who, being idle, 
 hang about saloons, etc. ; and, finally, you will, in your 
 descent, for facilis descensus averni, find yourself amid 
 thieves, pickpockets, and vagabonds. 
 
 The decorations of many of these saloons are of the 
 richest kind, many of them glittering with plate, crystal, and 
 gold. In no other city will you find such places of public 
 resort ■ the famous gin-palaces of London, which Dickens 
 
EATING- HOUSES. 
 
 4:7 
 
 wrote so graphically on, are said to be common in compa 
 rison with many of tfyem in New York. The German 
 Lager-beer shops will repay any one for a visit, provided 
 the stranger be not tempted to sip the detestable mixture of 
 which the Germans seem so fond — "it may be good." 
 
 EATING HOUSES. 
 
 From the. costly establishments at the lower end of Broad- 
 way, frequented by the wealthy merchants and importers, to 
 the cheap cook-shops, where the laboring men congregate, 
 there is a rapid descent. At the one, the visitor will dine 
 on game, costly fish, and turtle, and in the other on pork 
 and beans, and the cheapest steaks and chops. The one 
 will compare with the houses of Yesey and Meurice in 
 Paris, and the other with the miserable charcutier-shops, in 
 which the frequenters of the tapis-francs and cabarets of. 
 Paris meet. They are, too, not unfrequently national in 
 their character ; Germans, Frenchmen, and Englishmen, 
 naturally assimilating. In Greenwich street, you will find 
 rows of German eating-houses, redolent of sauerkraut and 
 sausages ; and in every Ward, some houses which English 
 and French severally appropriate. In the one, you will 
 hear frequent calls for half-and-half ; in the other, for white 
 and red wine. The various professions, also, have their 
 -favorite resorts. In one house you will find lawyers, in 
 another merchants'-clerks, and in a third actors and artists. 
 Some have, also, a political character ; Whigs congregating 
 at one corner, and Democrats at another. Policemen, too, 
 have their houses of call, among which ihe most conspi- 
 cuous is a certain " Tea-Room" not far from the City-Hall. 
 Then, on the rivers are eating-houses frequented by captains 
 and mates of vessels, and all concerned in navigation. 
 In the smaller streets, out of the course of business, are 
 places which, under the guise of eating-houses, really are 
 gaming establishments, and not unfrequently something 
 worse, which the unwary should avoid as they would 
 pollution. Go where you will, you will see the blaze of 
 
4S 
 
 EATING- HOUSES. 
 
 the Publican's lantern, and be convinced if you starve in 
 New York, it is not for want of food but of money to pur- 
 chase it. 
 
 The young men and bucks of the city, confined during the 
 day, will be found on Broadway at night running from one 
 Saloon to another, drinking and smoking until it is time to 
 go to the Theatre, or the Negro Minstrels, after which they 
 renew the spree, and wind up at — "it is hard to tell 
 where." - 
 
BILLIARDS AND BOWLING ALLEYS. 
 
 40 
 
 BILLIARDS AND BOWLING ALLEYS. 
 
 The many young men in New York, occupied the whole 
 day in ware-houses and over desks, who need exercise, 
 cause billiard rooms and bowling saloons to be thronged at 
 night. We doubt if there be in any country of the world 
 such brilliant establishments and such great display. The 
 rooms are decorated in the most splendid manner, and often 
 are hung with pictures of no ordinary merit. At certain 
 establishments the attendants are dressed in a uniform man- 
 ner, and every care is taken that nothing shall be wanting 
 to add to the comforts of the visitors. Many of the billiard 
 saloons are in splendid mansions, and from fifteen to twenty 
 tables are collected in a single room. One of the most 
 pretentious buildings in New York is occupied by a series 
 of bowling-alleys, and the light which falls through the 
 windows of stained glass might almost recall some old 
 cathedral or mediseval chapel. At some of these places will 
 be found men of the highest social grade — at others, the 
 sober, staid part of the community ; and, yet, in others, the 
 fast men, loafers, gamblers and blacklegs, without ostensible 
 business, who congregate in them for the purpose of entrap- 
 ping the unguarded, as wolves collect around a sheep-fold. 
 In all of these places there is the unfailing bar, which seems 
 to be almost an American characteristic. In many the ap- 
 pointments are brilliant, and will compare with those of any 
 other class of establishments in the land. At night they 
 are places of reunion and lounging on the chairs and sofas, 
 3 
 
50 
 
 BILLIARDS AXD BOWETBfG ALLEYS. 
 
 occupied with the Havana, numerous spectators may be 
 seen quietly watching the game, and, apparently, taking as 
 much interest in it as if they were themselves players. Be 
 it said that in the billiard saloons and bowling alleys of New 
 York, gaming is almost unknown, the bets being generally 
 limited merely to the marker's charge for the use of the 
 apparatus. They are the nightly resort of hundreds of the 
 young men of New York who are thrown on the city with- 
 out friends or association. They might do worse. 
 
CONFECTIONERIES. 
 
 51 
 
 CONFECTIONERIES. 
 
 In the busiest part of Broadwa3 T , where houses tower to 
 a height that our fathers would consider almost fabulous, 
 are two of the most splendid establishments of their kind in 
 any country. The front of the stores is occupied as a regu- 
 lar old fashioned confectionery, except that the wares are of 
 a form and style not dreamed of five years since. Palaces 
 rise from sugar, burning brands lie among artificial flowers 
 of saccharine, equaling almost those made of feathers in 
 Brazil, and the most beautiful productions of the Parisian 
 ateliers. Statuettes of sugar almost equal to the Berlin 
 Biscuits, of Jenny Lind and Sontag, Alboni, Kossuth and the 
 Empress Eugenia, meet your gaze, and toys of the most 
 elaborate character stand in profusion every where. The 
 furniture of the room is of the most costly character, 
 marble tables, mirrors fit for a palace meet you on every 
 side, while chairs and sofas most inviting solicit you. The 
 bill of fare is not a carte but a book ; it is a journal — a peri- 
 odical of no mean pretension^ and discourses gravely as Ude 
 did of Philosophy, while it describes a new dish. But, the 
 great peculiarity of these places is, that they are not fre- 
 quented by the bearded and moustached portion of humanity, 
 but by the softer sex. Satin and silk take the place of 
 broadcloth and cassimer, and the persons who visit it gene- 
 rally have, like Spanish grandes, the privilege of standing 
 bonneted in the presence of the king. Men, however, go there, 
 and in that gorgeous and crowded saloon many quiet love 
 
52 
 
 CONFECTIONERIES. 
 
 scenes occur, especially when some gruff papa or anxious 
 mamma will not permit the cher ami to make love in one of 
 the two parlors, the unfailing complement of every American 
 house. People say much sin is concocted there, where all is 
 so decent and regular, but we do not believe it, being satisfied 
 that quite as many liaisons are carried on in churches and 
 other perfectly respectable places. Fortunes have been 
 made in each of the palaces we refer to. There are imita- 
 tions of these in every part of the city, gradually descending 
 in the scale until the level is finally reached where the 
 courtesan and vagabond meet together and talk over the ill- 
 gotten gains of a day's disreputable sport. No stranger in 
 New York should fail to visit, at least, the great confec- 
 tioneries. 
 
THE MAEKETS. 
 
 53 
 
 THE MARKETS. 
 
 There are many other cities in the United States which 
 have far more splendid buildings appropriated to public 
 markets ; but, yery certainly, no place is better provided with 
 the essential constituents of this great source of public sup- 
 ply than is New York. The daily arrival of steamers in 
 New York, from all parts of our own country, enables the 
 men engaged in that business, to offer for sale vegetables 
 matured by the more genial sun of the South, at a season 
 when ordinarily our own soil is covered with snow, while 
 those from the Gulf enable them to exhibit tropical fruits in 
 the greatest profusion. The immense communication with 
 the West makes the grouse of Indiana and the venison of 
 the farther West, common as it is at Chicago and Detroit, 
 placing them beside partridge and pheasant imported from 
 England. The fine fish of the Southern waters are found 
 side by side with the pickerel, maskalonge, salmon and trout 
 of the lakes, and the brook trout of Long Island and the 
 streams in the vicinity of the Erie Railroad. There are 
 several buildings appropriated to this purpose, among which 
 is Centre Market, at the head of Centre street, devoted, 
 however, almost entirely to the Butchers, while the rooms 
 above contain the armories and drill-rooms of more than one 
 of the fine volunteer regiments and companies for which 
 New York is so remarkable. The market, however, of JN T ew 
 York, par excellence, is the Washington Market. Fish, fowl 
 and vegetables, meat, and every thing are to be met with. 
 Space has become so valuable that every nook and corner are 
 
54 
 
 THE MARKETS. 
 
 monopolized so that, at times, ingress and egress are diffi- 
 cult. The Clinton , Catherine, Essex, and other buildings 
 have their peculiarities which, however, will scarcely be 
 noticed. The stranger from the country should not fail to 
 visit the Markets. 
 
POCKET BOOK DROPPEES. 
 
 55 
 
 POCKET-BOOK DROPPERS. 
 
 Around the market-places, as the voracious pikes collect 
 around the streams where minnows congregate, are a class 
 of men which originated in New York, it is believed, and 
 which have given rise to a new species of robber) T in Paris, 
 where it is called " robbery after the American fashion." 
 The custom of these hawks is to watch imtil they find some 
 countryman standing with gaping eyes in observation of any 
 scene that passes before him ; and, then, silently dropping a 
 pocket book, to pick it up and ask : " Sir, did you drop 
 this book?" On Greenhorn answering INo, the book is 
 opened, and found to contain many bills seemingly valuable ; 
 but. in fact, utterly worthless. The dropper then proposes 
 to the countryman to divide with him ; and, as he has no 
 money, and that which is in the book might be traced to 
 him, well known as a New Yorker, suggests that a division 
 be made, and that the stranger keep the book and give him 
 just ten dollars of good money. The cupidity of the green- 
 horn has been excited, and, after a few moments' hesitation, 
 a ten dollar bill is paid over and the scoundrel disappears. 
 The first time the countryman wishes to purchase a dozen 
 • ( oysters, he discovers he has been cheated. 
 
 Next to these are the watch-stuifers, who, pretending to 
 be poor men who have lost all, offer you as a gold watch 
 one of first rate brass. , The green one soon finds out his" 
 mistake. However, he is rightly served for having attempted 
 to take advantage of the necessities of his neighbor. 
 
5G 
 
 PAWN BROKERS. 
 
 PAWN BROKERS. 
 
 This is a business which, though tolerated by law, is one 
 of the most nefarious of the world. It permits the man in 
 temporary want, to obtain one-third of the value of his pro- 
 perty, provided he pay two and a half per cent, a month, 
 with the solitary advantage that, if ever able to redeem his 
 property, he' may do so, if within one year. Nothing tole- 
 rated by law affords such great facilities to those prone to 
 evil, and it will unerringly be found that the gamester, the 
 drunkard and the prostitute are the best patrons of the 
 Pawn-broker. 
 
MOCK AUCTIONS. 
 
 57 
 
 \ 
 
 MOCK AUCTIONS. 
 
 Beware of Mock Auctions. This warning has been given 
 in almost every paper in New York, but every few days ac- 
 counts are published of some green country genius, who has 
 bought a real gold patent lever full jeweled watch, warranted, 
 for only $15, and asked in the back room to settle, when he 
 is swindled out of every dollar he has about him. The pira- 
 tical flags of these bold buccaneers can be seen flying on 
 almost every block in the lower part of Broadway and Chat- 
 ham street. The shops have four or five persons inside, with 
 a flag out " Great sale of gold watches : $18 per ounce paid 
 for California gold dust" &c. ; and when they see a stran- 
 ger, (and they can tell them,) they commence the " Going, 
 going, only $4 — going," and if the victim gets inside of the 
 shop, he is gone. The officers smile when they read the 
 daily accounts which appear in our city papers, of some poor 
 greeny who has been taken in and done for. We advise all 
 to keep out of these mantraps, as it is hard to get redress 
 after your cash is gone. 
 
58 
 
 RIDES AROUND NEW YORK. 
 
 RIDES AROUND NEW YORK. 
 
 No city in the world Las so many pleasant places of 
 resort, within an hour's ride, as New York. We could 
 mention a hundred places worth visiting, but shall only 
 speak of those that can be most easily reached. The Third 
 Avenue is a most splendid road for a fast horse, being very 
 wide and level. After dining, a pleasant ride can be 
 taken to 
 
 YORKVILLE, 
 
 which is located on the Third Avenue, about five miles from 
 the City Hall. It is a very pleasant little town, situated on 
 high ground ; from this you can ride to 
 
 HARLEM. 
 
 A beautiful town on the Harlem River, eight miles from 
 the City Hall : there are several fine Hotels in this place ; 
 you can ride to Manhattanville, and down the 
 
 ELOOMINGDALE ROAD, 
 
 which is the most pleasant part of the island. There are 
 several splendid Hotels, with pleasure grounds, on this road, 
 which are the places of resort of the "iqyper ten" of 
 the city. 
 
RIDES AROUXD NEW YORK 
 
 59 
 
 THE HIGH BRIDGE. 
 
 It is a fine ride to this magnificent structure, which 
 supports the Croton Aqueduct that passes over the Harlem 
 River. The length of the Bridge is 1450 feet, and is 
 supported by fourteen piers; it is 114 feet above tide 
 water, and cost 8900,000. There is a fine Hotel for the 
 accommodation of visitors. 
 
 LONG ISLAND. 
 
 There are many beautiful rides on Long Island, and 
 many villages worth seeing. A day or two on Long Island 
 could be passed very pleasantly, in taking rides to such 
 places as Astoria, Mavenswood, Newtown., Flushing, Flat- 
 bush, Jamaica, Rockaway Beach, Coney Island, and above 
 all other places, clown to see Cole Weeks. 
 
 FORT HAMILTON. 
 
 This superior and strong fortress, with Forts Tompkins 
 and Lafayette, guards the entrance to the Bay at the Nar- 
 rows. It is a place of much resort, and about eight miles 
 distant from Brooklyn or New York. There is quite a 
 village here, and one of the best Public Houses in the States : 
 it is very large, and can accommodate several hundred 
 boarders, and is crowded in summer with guests from all 
 parts of the world. 
 
 BROOKLYN. 
 
 This beautiful city is situated on Long Island, opposite 
 New York city ; Ferries cross the East River every two 
 minutes, and connect it with New York. Many of our 
 merchants who do business down town have their residence 
 in Brooklyn. The part of the city known as Brooklyn 
 Heights commands a fine view of the Bay and Jersey shore. 
 
60 
 
 RIDES AROUND NEW YORK 
 
 The streets are mostly straight, crossing in right angles, and 
 about 1 5 feet in width. 
 
 THE NAVY YARD 
 
 is also located at Brooklyn — ships of war, cannon, and can- 
 non-balls can be seen here. 
 
 THE DRY DOCK 
 
 is located at the Navy Yard, and is one of the finest in this 
 country, and is well worth a visit from those who have not 
 seen it. 
 
 WILLIAMSBURGH 
 
 is located on Long Island, near Brooklyn, and in a few 
 years the ground between the two cities will be covered 
 with buildings and form one large city : Ferries connect 
 this city with New York ; the population is about 40,000, 
 though in 1830 it was only about 2,000. 
 
STEAMBOAT EXCURSIONS. 
 
 (51 
 
 STEAMBOAT EXCURSIONS. 
 
 THE HUDSON. 
 
 There are quite a number of beautiful places on the Hud- 
 son, which can be visited any day by taking one of the 
 numerous boats which make excursions on this noble river. 
 
 bull's ferry, 
 
 which is four miles below Fort Lee, on the West shore of 
 the Hudson, is a place of great resort during the Summer 
 season. 
 
 FORT LEE 
 
 is a small village, at the foot of the Palisades, ten miles 
 from New York. 
 
 This is a smart village, on the East bank of the Hudson, 
 seventeen miles from the City Hall. 
 
 DOBBS FERRY 
 
 is a small village, twenty- two miles from New York. It is ' 
 pleasantly located on the banks of the Hudson. There are 
 also many other beautiful towns within a short ride of New 
 
02 
 
 STEAMBOAT EXCURSIONS. 
 
 York, such as Hastings, . Dearman, Piermont, Tarrytovm, 
 Sing- Sing, &c. 
 
 WEST POINT. 
 
 At West Point the United States Military Academy is 
 located, in the midst of the Highlands, fifty- two miles from 
 New York. This is one of the most beautiful places on 
 the Hudson; it is about 150 feet above the river ; is level 
 on top, with shade trees, and several buildings and hotels 
 make it a favorite place of resort in Summer 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &0. 
 
 63 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS WORTH 
 VISITING. 
 
 THE CITY HALL. 
 
 The City Hall is one of the finest buildings in New York ; 
 it contains a number of rooms, which are used for different 
 purposes. In the basement is the office of the Chief of Po- 
 lice, Marine Court, Sheriff's Jury, &c. ; on the second story 
 is the Governor's room, principally used for the reception of 
 distinguished visitors. Portraits of some of our most hon- 
 ored statesmen, the writing-desk of Washington, and other 
 curiosities, may be seen here. 
 
 merchants' exchange. 
 
 This building is located in Wall street, corner of William. 
 The board of Brokers meets in this splendid building ; and 
 if any person wants to get rich in a day, he had better try 
 some of the stock operations. The building and ground cost 
 $1,500,000. 
 
 « POST OFFICE. 
 
 The Post Office is at the corner of Nassau and Cedar 
 streets. It is open from o'clock A. M. until 1 o'clock 
 P. M. 
 
64 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &o. 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 This building stands at the corner of Wall and Nassau 
 streets, and extends through to Pine street. It cost 
 $2,000,000. 
 
 TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
 This splendid structure is situated on Broadway, at the 
 head of Wall street. It is built in the Gothic style and in 
 the most costly manner. The tower and spire is 284 feet 
 high. 
 
 GRACE CHURCH. 
 
 This church is located at the corner of Broadway and 
 Tenth street. 
 
 BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 This noble institution is located on the Bloomingdale 
 Boad, about four miles from the city. Stages pass this 
 place every fifteen minutes, fare 12 J cents. 
 
 ORPHAN ASYLUM. 
 
 This institution is situated on the bank of the Hudson, 
 between Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth streets. Visitors 
 received daily, Sundays excepted. 
 
 DEAF 'AND DUMB ASYLUM. 
 
 This Asylum is located at the corner of Fourth Avenue 
 and Fiftieth street. Visitors will be well repaid by making 
 this institution a visit. The cars and stages pass every few 
 minutes. 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. 
 
 THE TOMBS. 
 
 05 
 
 This covers the block of ground bounded by Centre, Leo- 
 nard, Elm, and Franklin, and fronts on Centre street. It 
 can accommodate about three hundred prisoners. 
 
 HOUSE OF REFUGE. • 
 
 It is located at the corner of Twenty-third street and 
 First Avenue. 
 
 THE HOSPITAL. 
 
 The Hospital is on Broadway, between Duane and An- 
 thony streets. It furnishes a comfortable place, with good 
 medical attendance for those who are sick and able to pay a 
 moderate sum for the same. It is also used for persons who 
 may meet with serious accidents or are suddenly taken ill in 
 the street. Open at all hours. 
 
 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 
 
 This ancient college is situated at the western end of 
 Park Place, and is bounded by Barclay, Murray and Church 
 streets, and West Broadway. 
 
 MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 
 
 This institution is located at the corner of Nassau and 
 Beekman streets. It has a large collection of the most 
 valuable hooks. 
 
 THE ASTOR LIBRARY. 
 
 This -library is situated in Lafayette Place, near Broadway. 
 
 AMERICAN INSTITUTE. > 
 
 It is located at No. 351 Broadway; open daily. 
 
00 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. 
 
 THE STATE ARSENAL. 
 
 This new and splendid building is located between the 
 Fifth and Sixth Avenues and Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth 
 streets. 
 
 RUTGERS FEMALE INSTITUTE. 
 
 It is located upon Madison street, near Clinton. 
 
 INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. 
 
 This institution occupies an entire block, between Thirty- 
 third and Thirty-fourth streets and Eighth and Ninth Ave- 
 nues. It is a large and beautiful building; cost about 
 $100,000. Visitors admitted Tuesday each week. 
 
 blackwell's island. 
 
 This is situated in the East River, below Hell 
 Gate. The channel on either side is navigable ; the island 
 is well adapted for the purpose for which it is used. The 
 Penitentiary is a fine building, and will accommodate one 
 thousand prisoners. The Lunatic Asylum is also located 
 on this island. It is well worth a visit. 
 
 GREENWOOD CEMETERY. 
 
 This is one of the most interesting and beautiful places 
 near New York. The grounds comprise two hundred and 
 fifty acres, which are laid out in plots, with numerous avenues 
 and paths, which extend about twenty miles. There are quite 
 a number of very beautiful and costly monuments in this 
 Cemetery. Stages leave Brooklyn every few minutes — fare 
 twelve and a half cents. 
 
PARKS AND SQUARES. 
 
 67 
 
 PARKS AND SQUARES. 
 
 THE BATTERY. 
 
 The Battery, foot of Broadway and fronting the harbo. 
 is the most attractive of all the pleasure grounds. It con- 
 tains about eleven acres. Castle Garden, once a fort, but 
 now a place of amusement, joins the Battery — an hour can 
 well be spent in this pleasant place of a hot summer day. 
 
 BOWLING GREEN. 
 
 This is a small inclosed park at the foot of Broadway, and 
 contains a splendid fountain. 
 
 CITY HALL PARK. 
 
 The City Hall Park is located on Broadway and Park 
 Row. It contains about ten acres, and is inclosed with a 
 strong iron fence ; within it stands the City Hall, Hall of 
 Records, and also a splendid fountain which, when in full 
 play, will throw a large jet to the height x of one hundred 
 feet. ' 
 
 st. john's park 
 Is on Hudson street, fronting St. John's Chureh. 
 
68 
 
 PARKS AND SQUARES. 
 
 WASHINGTON SQUARE, 
 
 Formerly Potter's Field, is the largest public square m the 
 city. It is west of Broadway, corner of Fourth and Wooster 
 streets. 
 
 TOMPKINS SQUARE. 
 
 This Military Parade ground is on the eastern side of the 
 city — Avenue A. and Sixth street. 
 
 UNION PARK. 
 
 This is a beautiful Park on Broadway and Fourteenth 
 street. 
 
 GRAMERCY PARK. 
 
 A beautiful spot, bounded between Twentieth and 
 Twenty-first streets, and Third and Fourth Avenues. 
 
 THE CROTON AQUEDUCT. 
 
 This great public work, which conveys 40,000,000 gal- 
 lons of pure Croton water daily, for the use of those who 
 live in New York, is well worth a visit. The Aqueduct 
 from the dam at Croton Falls to the Receiving Reservoir, 
 (which is in Seventy-ninth street,) is about thirty-six miles 
 in length. The Receiving Reservoir will hold 150,000,000 
 of gallons. The Distributing Reservoir is on the west side 
 of the Fifth Avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-third 
 street, near the Crystal Palace. The Fifth Avenue stages 
 convey passengers for six and one-fourth cents. 
 
BANKS IN NEW YORK. 
 
 69 
 
 BANKS IN NEW YORK. 
 
 THE TOLLOWIXG 18 A LIST OP THE PRINCIPAL BANKS : 
 
 AMERICAN EXCHANGE BANK, 
 BANK OP COMMERCE, . 
 BANK OF NEW YORK, . . . 
 BA*NK OF N. AMERICA, 
 BANK OF AMERICA, 
 BANK STATE OF NEW YORK, 
 BANK OF THE REPUBLIC, 
 BROADWAY BANK, 
 BUTCHER'S & DROVER'S BANK, 
 BOWERY BANKj . 
 CITY 
 CITIZENS' 
 CHEMICAL 
 CHATHAM 
 FULTON 
 DRY DOCK 
 GREENWICH 
 GROCERS' 
 HAN OYER 
 IRVING " .... 
 
 KNICKERBOCKER BANK. 
 LEATHER MANUFACTURER'S Do. 
 MANHATTAN BANK, 
 MECHANIC'S 
 
 MECHANIC'S BANKING ASSOCI- 
 ATION, 
 
 MECHANIC'S & TRADER'S BANK 
 MERCANTILE BANK, . 
 MERCHANT'S "... 
 MERCHANT'S EXCHANGE BANK 
 METROPOLITAN BANK, 
 NATIONAL " ... 
 
 NASSAU " 
 
 50 Wall street. 
 
 32 Wall " 
 
 Wall, comer of William st. 
 27 Wall street. 
 46 Wall " 
 30 Wall " 
 
 Corner Broadway and Wall st. 
 
 " " and Park pi. 
 
 " Bowery and Grand st. 
 
 " " and Broome st. 
 52 Wall street. 
 
 Corner Bowery and Walker st? 
 Broadway, near Chambers st. 
 Corner Chatham & Duane sts. 
 
 " Pearl and Fulton sts. 
 Avenue D. and Tenth street. 
 402 Hudson street. 
 Cor. College pi. & Barclay st. 
 Pearl street, Hanover square. 
 295^ Greenwich street. 
 Cor. Eighth av. & W. 17th st. 
 45 William street. 
 40 Wall street. 
 
 33 Wall street. 
 
 38 Wall street. 
 
 370 Grand st., near Norfolk. 
 
 Broadway, corner John street. 
 
 42 Wall street. 
 
 173 GreeiAvich street. 
 
 54 Wall street. 
 
 3G Wall street. 
 
 Corner Beekman & Nassau st. 
 
70 
 
 BANKS IN NEW YORK. 
 
 NEW YORK EXCHANGE BANK, 
 NORTH RIVER BANK, . 
 OCEAN BANK, .. . 
 PACIFIC " ... 
 PEOPLE'S " 
 
 PHCSNIX " ... 
 SEVENTH WARD BANK, 
 TRADESMAN'S " . 
 
 UNION BANK, .... 
 
 187 Greenwich street. 
 Greenwich st., corner Dey st. 
 Greenwich st., cor. Pulton st. 
 4G1 Broadway, cor. Grand st. 
 1*73 Canal st., near Varick st. 
 45 Wall street. 
 Pearl st. cor. Burling slip. 
 177 Chatham st. near Oliver. 
 34 Wall street. 
 
RAILROAD DEPOTS. 
 
 71 
 
 RAILROAD DEPOTS. 
 
 ALBANY and INTERMEDIATE PLACES: Chambers street, cor- 
 
 ner of Hudson street ; Canal, corner of "West ; and Thirty-first st., 
 
 near Tenth avenue. 
 ALBANY, via Harlem : depot, 4 Tryon row, east of City Hall, and 
 
 Twenty-seventh-street, corner Fourth avenue. 
 BOSTON, via Fall River: Steamboat route, No. 3, N. R. (Battery.) 
 BOSTON, via New Haven and Hartford: depot, 412 Broadway, near 
 
 Canal. 
 
 BOSTON, via New London and Norwich : Steamboat, from pier No. 
 18, N. R. (foot of Cortlandt street.) 
 
 BOSTON, via Stonington and Providence : ' Steamboat route from pier 
 No. 2, N. R. (Batterv.) 
 
 NEW HAVEN, HARTFORD, & HOUSATONIC RAILROADS: 
 412 Broadway, near Canal street. 
 
 BUFFALO, via Canandaigua and other Railroads connecting the 
 Erie and Central fine : depot, foot of Duane street. 
 
 CHARLESTON & NEW ORLEANS, via Philadelphia and Balti- 
 more : New Jersey Railroad Office, foot of Liberty street, North 
 River. 
 
 DUNKIRK :*foot of Duane street. 
 ERIE : foot of Duane street. 
 
 LONG- ISLAND RAILROxVD ; South Ferry, Brooklyn. 
 
 HARLEM : depots, 4 Tryon row, east of City Hall, and Twenty- 
 seventh street, corner of Fourth avenue. 
 
 HUDSON RIYER: depots, Chambers street, comer of Hudson 
 street, and Thirty-first street, near Tenth avenue. 
 
 NEW HA YEN: Broadway, corner of Canal street, and Twenty- 
 seventh street. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA^ via Newark and New Brunswick : take the 
 Ferry-boat, to foot of Cortlandt and Liberty streets, Jersey City. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, via South Amboy and Camden: take the 
 Steamer from pier No. 1, N. R. (Battery), to South Amboy, where 
 
 the Railroad commences. * 
 
 WHEELING, PITTSBURG, CINCINNATI, aid the South: take 
 New Jersey Railroad Office, Foot of Liberty street, N. R. 
 
72 STEAMBOAT LINES. — PUBLIC PORTERS. 
 
 STEAMBOAT LINES. 
 
 Tiiere are Steamboat Lines to almost every point. Those 'prefer- 
 ring Steamboats can have their person and baggage conveyed to any 
 Line they wish. Apply at the office of your ^Ho tel. 
 
 PUBLIC PORTERS. 
 
 Public Porters are entitled by law to the following ratos: — For 
 cartage by hand, any distance within half a mile, 12 \ cents; if car- 
 ried on a wheelbarrow or handcart, 25 cents; between half a mile 
 and a mile, 37£ cents. 
 
 The law compels every li Public Porter " to wear about his per- 
 son a badge or plate. 
 
 Employ no Porter who has not a badge or plate. 
 
 I 
 
OMNIBUSES. 
 
 73 
 
 OMNIBUSES. 
 
 No city in the world is so well provided with public ve- 
 hicles as New York, and of these the most peculiar are the 
 omnibuses, which may be seen in every one of the great ar- 
 teries of the city. With but a few exceptions all of these 
 lines have one terminus, the foot of the Battery, whence 
 they pass up Broadway to the foot of the Park, and thence 
 radiate through all the portions of the city now occupied as 
 dwelling-houses. Passing, every second of the day, from 
 dawn to midnight, they make the whole island accessible, 
 without trouble^ or difficulty. Strangers taking seats in 
 omnibuses- should observe three rules however. 
 
 1. To look at the name of the street or square on the 
 side of the omnibus, else, when seeking to reach Union 
 Park, they may be transmitted to East Broadway, or to 
 just the place they do not wish to go. 
 
 2. To provide themselves before entering the vehicle 
 with change. This prevents delay and trouble to himself 
 and passengers. 
 
 3. To look closely to their pocket-books when seated, or 
 they may not have the funds to pay fare when they stop. 
 
 As a butcher can be distinguished by his intonation, 
 so, too, can a stage driver ; and none can mistake the ori- 
 ginal for the false utterer out — " wricU up f % wride up "East 
 Broadway ! Canal street ! Sixth avenue ! Here's Bleecker 
 street ! Bleecker street ! Dry Dock ! Broadway ! Going 
 up ! Going up ! " 
 
OMNIBUSES. 
 
 Only stand in front of Barnuni's Museum, Let it be 
 nearly ten o'clock at night, and the performances just over, 
 ■with the weather not bad, but peculiarly threatening. 
 
 As the crowd gush out of the inside open doors, and 
 spread its huge billows from the marble steps into a host of 
 rolling wavelets upon the pavement, every eye up-turned to 
 take one look at the atmosphere — every nose seemed to in- 
 dulge in a sniff at the wind, as if to test its indication of 
 pluvious enjoyments. 
 
 Of course the next glance was at the stages, that ap- 
 peared to rush in from all quarters at the moment, to pick 
 up the scattering waifs in the shape of passengers. At 
 such a time they seemed to spring up, like magic, from the 
 very stones that Russ has here made so smooth and so even, 
 as if Old St. Paul's, opposite, had nothing to do but gaze 
 in slippery weather on the " fall of man," and note, in that 
 respect, the imitative character of horses. 
 
 " Going up ! going up !" shouted the excited Jehus. 
 
 Of course we were " going up." 
 
 Broadway was muddy — of course it was. 
 
 We had no disposition to form one of the loungers around 
 the museum front, to count the female stockings floundering 
 through the swamp of the street, or compare opinions in 
 regard to their boots, or the symmetry of their " continu- 
 ations " and pedal extremities. 
 
 To cross Broadway at this grand debouch ement of Broad- 
 way, Park Row, Yesey and Ann streets, is always a peril- 
 ous enterprise. It takes experience to do it, even when 
 circumstances are auspicious. In dry weather, it is a com- 
 plication of darts and retreats — a semi-run — a twist or two 
 — a faint shriek — and a landing on the opposite curb, with 
 a horse's head snuffling the nearest feminine shoulder. 
 After a rain, it's a rush — a slide — a pause, as if j-ou were a 
 huge fly stuck fast in a bed of molasses — then a gasp — a 
 splash — a scrub-race — a leap over a cart, or a dart around 
 an omnibus — and then, if lucky, landing " over the way," 
 with an acre, more or less, of soil on your garments, and 
 
OMNIBUSES. 
 
 75 
 
 your every bone feeling as if it were an acre itself, after your 
 exertion ! 
 
 All in all our city stages, or " omnibuses," as they are 
 called, are very alike. He who has seen one has seen 
 u the million." 
 
 Some are tidy vehicles, and look something like a steam- 
 boat cabin on a small scale, with an air of gentility, as the 
 business of the line and the liberality of its proprietors 
 range above or below the zero of expenses. 
 
 Some luxuriate considerably in the artist's pencil. Some 
 again assume plainness in the way of embellishment. 
 Some are brilliant with designs in every variety of tint, set 
 off with a gold leaf abundance, and a kind of stare-you-out- 
 of-cotmtenance obtrusiveness of back-ground or intense 
 perspective. Others are arrayed in modest white, with 
 side-lettering, that seems to have been borrowed from the 
 most ancient of primers — great, obese members of the 
 English alphabet, with plethoric heads, fat feet, and a ro- 
 tundity of body that makes you fancy them the aldermanic 
 vowels and assistant aldermanic consonants of a Dutch dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 And our omnibuses, generally speaking, are fully as com- 
 fortable as they look. In fine weather they hold a dozen 
 persons. In the rain, it would puzzle Bonnycastle himself 
 to state the exact limit of their capacity. 
 
 At such a time omnibuses have a wonderful power of 
 absorption — the conscience of the driver, which may be ex- 
 pressed, algebraically, as x, (because an " unknown quan- 
 tity,") and the good-nature of the passengers, which may 
 be indicated by the square of a, as an appreciable entity, 
 forming the only terms that can be given for the solution of 
 this curious problem. 
 
 Taking all in all, the stages are the most patronised 
 vehicle of the city, and are well worthy of commendation. 
 What New York would be without them, none could say, 
 for it would certainly be easier to pass hence to Liverpool, 
 though it might be more costly, than to get from the foot of 
 the Battery to One Hundred and forty-ninth street for a 
 
 SHILLING ! 
 
76 EXPRESS OFFICES.— TELEGRAPH LINES. 
 
 EXPRESS OFFICES. 
 
 American - Express Company, . No. 10 "Wall street. 
 
 Broadway. 
 
 Hoey's, Charleston and New Orleans, " 19 Wall street. 
 Harlem Railroad, . . . Tryon row, east of City Hall. 
 Hudson River Railroad, . . No. 3 Hudson street. 
 
 New York, Albany, and the "West, Office, 16 "Wall street. 
 
 New York & Washington, and the South, Office, 5 Hanover street, 
 
 and 203 Broadway. 
 New York, Boston, and the East, Office, 29 Wall street. 
 House's Printing, to various parts, corner of Broad & Wall streets. 
 
 Adams & Co.'s Express, . 
 Chase & Co. 's California Express, 
 Berford's California, 
 Harnden's, East and South, . 
 Kinsley's, East and South, 
 
 " 59 Broadway. 
 
 " 38 Broadway. 
 " 3 Vesey street. 
 " 6 Wall street. 
 " 1 Wall street,, corner of 
 
 TELEGRAPH LINES. 
 
 ( 
 
STEAMERS. 
 
 77 
 
 STEAMERS. 
 
 Steamships leave New York every few days for LIVERPOOL, 
 BREMEN, and HAVRE: also for CHARLESTON, NEW OR- 
 LEANS. HAVANA, SAN FRANCISCO, and other Ports. The 
 price of Fares can be obtained at the Office of your Hotel, for either 
 Cabin or Steerage passage. 
 
 DISTANCES FROil NEW YORK. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To San Francisco, via 
 
 Panama, . . 5,915 
 " St. Francisco, via Cape 
 
 Horn, . . 15,225 
 " Liverpool, . . 3,070 
 " Southampton, . 3,150 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To Bremen, . . .3,365 
 
 " Havre, . . 3,225 
 
 " Charleston, . . 620 
 
 " Savannah, . . 690 
 
 " New Orleans, . 1,850 
 
 " Havana, "W. I. . 1,275 
 
 Secure your berths and have your baggage on board before the 
 day of sailing. 
 
73 
 
 THE FIREMEK 
 
 THE FIREMEN. 
 
 A better organised body of men certainly does not exist, 
 either in this or in any other country, containing the most 
 active and energetic of every class of the community, and 
 embracing all or most of the young and active citizens of 
 every class and rank of society. In common parlance we 
 are apt to speak of the Fireman as necessarily a B'hoy ! one 
 Df those extracts from the shambles north of Grand-street, 
 or an elegant compound of the ruffian and laborer. Such 
 is not however the case, for the majority are the most sturdy 
 and valuable part of our population, being young mechanics 
 and tradesmen, whom a love of excitement and a disposi- 
 tion to enjoy the exemption of many civil burdens, allowed 
 to Firemen, leads to join these organizations. Yet they are 
 by no means entirely composed of such ; for the kid-gloved 
 exquisite whom you now see lounging in the opera, in the 
 course of a few minutes, if the fire-bell ring, will be found 
 on the scene, attired in the Fireman's coat and helmet, di- 
 recting the bout, or bearing the hook and ladder. Lawyers 
 and Doctors, Merchants, <fcc, all are enlisted in the ranks ; 
 and few are the}?- who do not point with pride to the scroll 
 which proves, that they have well and faithfully served 
 their time. 
 
 In many other cities the Fire Department is composed of 
 companies, which own their own engines, purchased for 
 them by subscription, and therefore not so completely under 
 control as in New York. The consequence is. that many of 
 
THE FIREMEN. 
 
 79 
 
 the companies elsewhere are riotous, commit flagrant 
 breaches of the peace, and are almost as great a nuisance as 
 benefit. In New York things are differently managed ; the 
 machines being the property of the Corporation, and there- 
 fore in their power, while the organization of the depart- 
 ment is such as to prevent it from ever being diverted from 
 its proper purposes to the ends of party and corruption, as 
 almost everything else in New York is. 
 
 This immense body of men, for it is to be computed by 
 thousands, and has vast revenues, is under the control of a 
 Chief, and of several assistant Engineers, elected by the 
 Firemen themselves, though in many respects accountable 
 to the Corporation. Like the colonels of ' a regiment, 
 they command the corps, leaving, however, the internal 
 affairs of companies to be managed by themselves, at their 
 re-unions, where they are., presided over by a Foreman or 
 Captain, and one or two Assistants. There is a great but 
 friendly competition and rivalry between the Companies, 
 which never though,, or rarely, proceeds to extremities. 
 
 One who would see the Firemen in their glory, must be- 
 hold them either at a fire, amid falling ruins and the blazing 
 roofs, or at the annual ball of the Fire Department, which 
 for years has been the most brilliant of New York. There 
 alone all classes mingle together. The Department, we re- 
 peat, is one of the greatest honors to New York. Its 
 membership is composed of more than two thousand men. 
 These are divided into thirty-four engine companies, forty- 
 nine hose companies, eight hook-and-ladder companies, and 
 three hydrant companies. They have thirty-four engines, 
 forty-nine hose carriages, eight hook-and-ladder trucks. 
 The city is so divided into fire districts, that there is gene- 
 rally a sufficient force in a district to subdue an ordinary 
 fire. Only in great conflagrations are the Firemen com- 
 pelled to leave their districts and go into others. 
 
80 
 
 THE SHIPPING. 
 
 THE SHIPPING. 
 
 Oxe of the peculiar features of New York, which will 
 have an attraction for the stranger, whether he comes from 
 the interior or from the seaboard, will be the Shipping in 
 the Harbor ; and one of the first promenades he probably 
 will make, will be along the wharves and piers. If he walks 
 up the East River he will pass in review the Shipping from 
 the great Pacific ports of Asia, the Chinamen, the tea Ships 
 from Hong-Hong, and the navy trading with India and the 
 other countries of the great South Asian Peninsulas. He 
 will pass in the street the Lascar and the Chinaman, and 
 see, perhaps, nameless. men from countries with most unfa- 
 miliar names. Occasionally he will see a vessel with a 
 spar of a wood that never grew on our soil, and sails of a 
 cut, to break the heart of a New York rigger. Pass higher 
 up the river, and the various home lines of. packets from 
 the various ports of the Atlantic will attract him, until at 
 the point immediately opposite the Navy Yard, he will 
 turn towards it to admire the graceful symmetry of the 
 masts of more than one line-of-battle-ship and frigate rest- 
 ing in peace beneath a commodore's broad pennant. Next 
 come the Ship Yards, on both sides of the river, whence 
 have been launched the mass of those fleets of Steamers, 
 more numerous and powerful than the equipage of many 
 nations of the first rank. Williamsburgh will claim a pass- 
 ing glance ; and then cross the town, striking the -North 
 River, near Canal-street, and walk along the docks of the 
 great Collins line of European Steamers. Admire them 
 
THE SHIPPING. 
 
 81 
 
 as much as you please, for in strength, speed, beauty and 
 elegance they are unrivalled, and are studies for the naval 
 architects of the world. In the walk thence to the Battery, 
 the flag of every European nation will meet his view, for 
 at the piers or in the stream are ships from Holland and 
 Belgium, England, France, Spain, Portugal and Sardinia. 
 Half a dozen minor Italian flags flutter in the breeze, as does 
 the bunting of the free cities of Germany, so much like 
 our own stars and stripes. Dane or Norwegian, the double- 
 headed eagle of Russia, and the crescent of the Turk, all 
 are there. Among them are the dark black and red chim- 
 neys of the California Steamers, the floating palaces of the 
 Sound and North river, and all the incidents of a great ma- 
 ritime port. In the stream is the long, low dark schooner, 
 the Revenue Cutter, in perfect order, with the beautiful 
 brass eighteens passing over her bulwarks, with the Revenue 
 flag — " the standard with vertical stripes," keeping watch 
 over the port. That tiny vessel is the naval guard of New 
 York, and suffices. Having made a survey of the Harbor, 
 go to Castle Garden ; stand on the parapet, he will look 
 around him, and a prospect will meet his gaze, richly re- 
 warding him for the long stroll he has taken. 
 
 4* 
 
82 
 
 SPLENDID DWELLINGS OF THE UPPER TEN. 
 
 SPLENDID DWELLINGS OF THE "UPPER 
 TEN." 
 
 Start from Washington Square, and in a direct line pa- 
 rallel to the North River, you will find one of the most 
 beautiful streets of New York. It is wide, well built, and 
 presents a vista unequalled in any other city. The houses 
 generally are of four or five stories, built of brown stone, 
 with broad windows, reaching to the floors ; balconies, and 
 porticoes, with parlors shaded by the most rich tapestry of 
 France and India, demonstrate that you have left the homes 
 of the poor and needy, and have reached the abodes of the 
 wealthy and aristocratic. The appropriation of the day is 
 there inverted, for at the time that the mass of the commu- 
 nity dine they breakfast, and when the rest of the commu- 
 nity retire to bed, they commence the evening gaiety. One 
 might fancy that he stood amid tlie old aristocratic quartiers 
 of some European city ; for brown stone very soon acquires 
 an air of age, while brick retains the hideousness of angu- 
 larity, and marble its fresh juvenility for a life-time or two. 
 You will here and there find a house with a porte cochere, 
 or with a court-yard ; and the painted glass doors, the ex- 
 otics and cages with rare birds in the windows, will satisfy 
 you that you are at least among the opulent. Even in that 
 respect you may be mistaken ; for often, indeed, the dwell- 
 ers in those splendid mansions are poverty-stricken bank- 
 rupts, far more unhappy even in their palaces than the 
 
SPLENDID DWELLINGS OF TEE UPPER TEN. 
 
 83 
 
 dwellers in dark alleys and bye places, who toil and strug- 
 gle to maintain a war with their bitterest enemy, starvation, 
 less than the denizens of the Fifth Avenue do with their 
 foe, false pride. 
 
 After all, however, the Fifth Avenue is a pleasant place, 
 and one loves to walk from one of its extremities -to the 
 other. Let us fancy a summer's afternoon : a shower 
 having fallen, just sufficient to lay the dust, and induce tho 
 dwellers on the South side to throw open their windows 
 and inhale the perfume which rises from the pretty par- 
 terres between them and the street. Look at yon dashing 
 equipage, with those fine horses, one black and the other 
 
 w r hite — both spotless. It is the carriage of Mrs. C . 
 
 How negligee, how charmingly sans souci she reclines on 
 the back cushions, and tosses the veil aside, that she may 
 return the saliit of some one on the side walk. Look* at 
 her, and one might fancy her a descendant of the Knicker- 
 bocker, or the heiress of some refugee noble. She is no 
 such thing, however, but merely the daughter of an old 
 woman, who, a few years ago, sold fruit in the market. 
 Well ! why not ? The money was honestly earned, and is 
 rapidly being returned to the people whence it came. See 
 that trotter ; how he paves the way ! His driver, though, 
 what a fine-looking man ! Bah ! He is nobody but the 
 keeper of a Faro bank ; was an officer of the British army ; 
 cashiered, &c. ; nobody knows him in the day time. Look, 
 too, at that old carriage ; it looks as if it might date back 
 to the days of New Amsterdam. Look at it, for it is a 
 relic, and inside are four daughters of a descendant of one 
 of the old aristocracy. Thus,«for hour after hour we might 
 chronicle equipages ; but at last the glorious Fifth Avenue 
 becomes one of the foulest and dirtiest streets leading into 
 New York. Doubtless, ere long, like Bleecker street, it will 
 be filled with boarding-houses, and those lordly palaces 
 have great Dutch signs on them, like the habitations of the 
 old gentry in Greenwich street, dignified by the names of 
 " Hamburger Schloss," or Swetzer Gast Wein-haus. So 
 much for the Fifth Avenue, the location of the upper Ten. 
 
84 
 
 NEW YORK BY GASLIGHT. 
 
 NEW YORK BY GAS LIGHT. 
 
 New York by daylight and at midnight are two very 
 different things ; and the stranger who has seen it at the 
 one time will scarcely appreciate it at the other. He will, 
 after ten o'clock, find the streets gradually deserted by those 
 who have thronged them, and the shops, one by one, are 
 closed — The last open are the tobacconists and saloons — he 
 will scarcely realise that he stands alone, where, in the 
 morning, hundreds passed him. One by one, even the cafes 
 are closed, at least those of the better orders, and then 
 another scene commences. Strange looking doors are 
 opened, and windows that have been dark all day are filled 
 with light. These are the cafes where the " owls " or night 
 walkers congregate, where the dissipated man and the 
 scamp congregate, drink bad spirits, and listen to, if possi- 
 ble, worse jokes, until the grey of the morning warns them 
 to give place to the industrious, and to fix themselves for 
 the day, in the dens where they sleep through the glory of 
 the sunshine. The stranger will scarcely see one of these 
 places, which few of the permanent residents of New York 
 ever have entered, or are likely to visit. 
 
 There also are to be found in New York palaces filled 
 with Cyprians, leaving in the shade the abodes of the Thais, 
 Lesbia, and Aspasia of old. They are said to be furnished 
 in the richest style of luxury, and that in many of them 
 the women have retained enough of their antecedents to 
 deceive even persons who possess some experience and 
 
NEW YORK BY GASLIGHT. 
 
 85 
 
 savoirfaire. No information on this point will be given, but 
 persons anxious to see the elephant can do so by investing 
 a few dollars with any intelligent cabman. 
 
 GAMBLING HOUSES. 
 
 Gambling is illegal in New York ; but the man who 
 fancies, no gambling exists on Manhattan, is as much beyond 
 his mark as the individual who fancies that the law advocat- 
 ing hanging prevents murder and arson. There are Gam- 
 bling-houses everywhere, some of which are squalid and 
 miserable ; others would deceive even the most suspicious ; 
 and others, to which the working part of the population 
 rarely, if ever, obtain admission. Go to them, and after a 
 careful examination you will be admitted, see masses of 
 gold, mountains of silver, quires of notes, and witness the 
 terrible alternations of the gambler's luck. A splendid 
 supper, costly wines, &c, await you, which, if a gourmet, 
 you will certainly enjoy. Do not however be surprised, if 
 on the next morning you find that you have about two 
 hundred and fifty dollars less in your pocket than you had 
 on the night before. The same cabman who took you to 
 the Cyprian Palace, will also drive you to what is techni- 
 cally and truly called a " Hell." 
 
 At your Hotels beware of insinuating gentlemen, well 
 dressed, and perfectly plausible. They rejoice in an infini- 
 tude of rings and chains, will press you to drink and sup, 
 and seem particularly pleasant. Beware of them, for they 
 are stool-pigeons, decoy-ducks, vampires — the Lord knows 
 what. We advise all to keep clear of the fancy. 
 
86 
 
 THE FIVE POINTS. 
 
 THE FIVE POINTS. 
 
 When Dickens was in the United States, the Five 
 Points were in their glory, or rather in the depth of their 
 infamy ; and Boz, with the proclivity he has always ex- 
 hibited for low life, revelled in describing its enormities, 
 though he bad nothing to say of the high society, the 
 equal of which he. had never seen in his own country, to be 
 met with in America. He passed into the miserable dens, 
 where thieves and rogues of all classes and colors congre- 
 gate, danced with the negresses, kissed prostitutes, and in- 
 vited all parties to drink camphene — christened gin. The 
 spot where the Tombs now are, was once a pond of con- 
 siderable deptli, on which Fulton made the first experiment 
 with his motive pow T er, which was destined to astonish and 
 revolutionize the world, and to call, if not into existence, at 
 least into activity, half a continent. In old maps it is 
 known as the " Collect." 
 
 Thence (Centre street,) the whole space between Mul- • 
 berry, Walker, and Pearl streets, is known as the " Five 
 Points," from the fact that two streets cross each other in 
 a little square, at which another re-branches. The names of 
 the streets and entrances around, once had strange names, 
 such as " Cow Bay," " Murderer's alley," &c, &c, many 
 of which sent a thrill of hon or through the heart of all 
 who heard them mentioned. In these dark resorts, where 
 even the police scarcely dared to penetrate, were collected 
 the most depraved of both sexes, who gradually sinking in 
 the social scale, had fallen perhaps from wealth and respect- 
 
THE FIYE POINTS. 
 
 87 
 
 ability, had reached the point below which there was no- 
 thing. The dens^ of the receivers of stolen goods were 
 there, and the places where the burglars and wharf-robbers 
 meet are in its midst. Woe to the unfortunate wight, then, 
 who strayed into one of them unknowingly, who is discov- 
 ered to have money worth his life (and life and death are 
 small matters there,) and who is unwilling, like a calf, to be 
 led to the shambles. He is never again heard of. A plank 
 removed from one of the cellars, two stories beneath the 
 surface — the tale is told, and the crime is hidden for ever. 
 
 This was the case with the Five Points not long ago, but 
 a change has come over it. Pete Williams's dance-house is 
 no more / The Old Brewery, the den of dens, where crime, 
 want, penury, the drunkard and thief were mingled to- 
 gether; where the rotting Cyprian and the decayed actress 
 met, pan pasii, with the fine lady of other days, has been 
 purchased by a society of charitable .Christians, who make 
 the haunt of crime the refuge of the penitent. The Re- 
 porters of the public Press, used as they are to harrowing 
 scenes, used to turn aside from this region, as they would 
 from a lazaretto ; for though the heart of New York, it 
 was worse than the Alsatia of London, in the reign of 
 James the First, and the horrible ghetto or Jews' quarters of 
 Rome, in its darkest days. Now it has ceased to be such, 
 and is interesting merely as a memorial of a change, and of 
 the past. In the lapse of a few years the improvements 
 contemplated to be effected, by carrying the streets at right 
 angles with Broadway straight to the Bowery, will efface all 
 remnant of the Points. The effect will be, that this strange 
 population, the more incorrigible of the old denizens of the 
 Sixth Ward, will be scattered through the city, when, losing 
 the mutual protection banditti afford each other, they will, 
 one by one, be seized by the authorities, and give place to 
 a new pack in a new quarter. 
 
88 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 The Churches of New York are among its most promi- 
 nent features. One has only to stand at the foot of Broad- 
 way, and thence to pass up it, and see many strange 
 things, among which are sumptuous Ecclesiastical edifices, 
 worthy of every notice and attention. Trinity Church of 
 New York, or at least the church from which Trinity dates, 
 used to be somewhere in the Battery, but before the revolu- 
 tion, was removed to its present site, just outside the city 
 wall, (uncle Wall street,) then the ultimate of the city. It 
 has been burned twice or thrice, but on these two or three 
 occasions has arisen, phoenix-like, from the ashes, until now 
 it may be looked upon as one of the most beautiful churches 
 of the nation, and almost the cathedral of the United 
 States. When done with the mere building, which, standing 
 at the head of Wall street, a model of Norman gothic 
 architecture, looks down Wall street, we have not done with 
 the Trinity Corporation, for we have only to pass fifty 
 rods up Broadway, the mass of the houses of which the 
 Corporation owns, to see another almost Cathedral Church, 
 which yet is a mere Chapel of Trinity. It has also its pe- 
 culiar sanctity ; for if Lawrence, Ludlow and all the old 
 Knickerbockers be buried in the churchyard of Trinity, at 
 St. Paul's rest the bodies of the great Irishman, Emmet, 
 of General Montgomery, and of men of every profession, 
 among whom was the great comedian, who alone, perhaps, 
 of all his profession, dared to confront an angry mob, and 
 
THE CHURCHES. 
 
 B9 
 
 tells them what was due to himself and humanity. When 
 the stranger passes St. Paul's, and looks up at the stern old 
 saint, he should be reverential, for above him, with his 
 sword in hand, looks down the lion-hearted apostle, as if he 
 were a sentinel over the city. We are not, however, done 
 with the Trinity Corporation, for when we come to Franklin 
 street, almost a " five points," let us turn to the north, 
 and come to the Church of John, the golden-mouthed 
 mystical of the New Testament. In front of it is the Park 
 or Close of Saint John, one of the most beautiful of the 
 country, with its tall old trees, its flowers, and its herbage. 
 It looks like a church, but it is not, though it be the seat of 
 the sessions of the Episcopal Conventions of New York ; 
 it is only a Chapel of Trinity. Let us walk up Broadway. 
 Let us look around us, and just at the point where Broad- 
 way ceases to be Broadway, we find a glorious edifice built 
 of marble, white as that of Para. It is the aristocratic 
 Church of New York, yet it is only a Chapel of Trinity — ■ 
 an indiscreet endowment of a foolish old woman, who, in- 
 stead of providing for her kith and kin, made a rich Cor- 
 poration. Up the Eighth Avenue there is another Chapel 
 of Trinity Church; at the head of the Bowery another; 
 and far away up Hudson street, a quiet Elizabethan pile, 
 named after the most eloquent and poetical of the apostles, 
 St. Luke. All of these churches are more or less directly 
 supported by the bequest of old Aneka Jenks, who died 
 nearly two centuries ago ; and who, while she fancied that 
 she was procuring for coming time the certainty that the 
 Gospel would be preached in her country, made the most 
 opulent Corporation of the nation. On Trinity Church de- 
 pend almost all the other Episcopalian establishments, not 
 only of the City but of the State. Opposite the Park is the 
 old Brick Church, a Presbyterian place of worship, the pulpit 
 of which is occupied by one of the most eminent men of 
 the land. It is an old and famous place of worship in 
 New York ; interesting not only ecclesiastically, but also a 
 memorial of other days. It is connected with the history 
 of the nation, but it is about to disappear — on dit, to make 
 
00 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 room for the assay office, precisely as the Hebrew temple 
 became the sojourn of the money changers and a den of 
 thieves. It would be idle for us to wander through the 
 city to hunt up the churches, and record them, a thing 
 which any directory would do. They are to be found in 
 every street, in every vicinage, and contain the representa- 
 tion of every class of society — Baptist, Methodist, Sweden- 
 borgian, German, Reformed, Moravian, Universalist, Uni- 
 tarian, Quaker, etc., are all found in New York, and are all 
 worthy of attention. 
 
 Until now, however, we have omitted to mention a great 
 class. The holy Roman Church has not been noticed. Its 
 edifices are plain and unpretending ; but in the cathedrals, 
 St. Patrick's (Irish), St! Matthew's " (German), St. Denis* 
 (French), St. Mary's, St. Peter's, and St. Columbia's (na- 
 tive), and countless other churches, one-sixth portion of the. 
 population of New York pray and worship. Archbishops, 
 bishops, and all the hierarchy of the Church minister in 
 them, and the Offices of the world-wide Church are there 
 performed in all their splendor and magnificence. Though 
 a commercial city, though a great emporium, New York 
 has not forgotten itself ; and the stranger who visits it and 
 sees nothing of its Churches, has failed to see a great por- 
 tion of the city. 
 
 * 
 
THE MANUFACTORIES OP NEW YORK. 91 
 
 THE MANUFACTORIES OF NEW YORK. 
 
 THE "WORKING GIRLS. 
 
 In a great metropolis like the Empire City, of course all 
 varieties of mechanics are carried on. One has but to 
 "walk up the great thoroughfares of the city, and see trans- 
 ported through them all imaginable things- from the great 
 steam generators which bear the flag of the country through 
 the ocean to all imaginable lands, to the apparently insigni- 
 ficant lucifer-match, seen and used everywhere, so often ne- 
 glected, but so great an object of use and necessity. The 
 fabrics worn by the rich and wealthy, all things that deck 
 the human form, except perchance the silks of the East and 
 the fine linen, which the ancients esteemed scarcely less va- 
 luable, are made here. With them, however, we have 
 little or nothing to do, and refer merely to the minor traffics, 
 which make our city so peculiar, and which we may almost 
 say, give it a peculiar type and character. It is very well 
 known that New York is the great seat of the Clothing De- 
 partment of the United States ; that in this city thousands 
 of men, and yet a larger number of women, toil and strive 
 from day to day in the preparation of the daily habiliments 
 worn by the nation. It is well known that here the various 
 articles of luxury, pajrier mctche, &c, &c. are prepared, and 
 that from this city countless things, apparently unknown to 
 the people of the land, are diffused from one end of the 
 country to the other. It is well known that New York is 
 
92 
 
 THE MANUFACTORIES OF NEW YORK. 
 
 the seat of the various societies, the object of which is the 
 extension of civilisation and the fostering of that spirit 
 which makes the United States now the centre of the civi- 
 lization of humanity, and the hope of the future. 
 
 New York is also the home of the men of letters of the 
 country, in w T hich books are written, printed and published. 
 The printing and publishing comprises a part of the ramifi- 
 cations, each of which employ whole classes, subsidiary to 
 to which also is the binding, &c, of all that is published, 
 printed, and manufactured in the city. The ruder and more 
 rough portions of this multifarious business is, of course, 
 transacted by men, but thousands of women also find em- 
 ployment. The stranger- from the South and West, the life 
 of whom has been passed in shops, where women are, as" it 
 were, esteemed holy, not to be sullied by toil, not to be 
 profaned by labor, will lift up his hands in abhorrence, and 
 ask, how on earth is it that man here can suffer his sister to 
 toil and labor. Let us look into the matter. 
 
 All females have not brothers ; the principle of whom it 
 should be to support them, and to toil for them. To the 
 females thus situated, these minor industries afford ample 
 and satisfactory employment. Those who have no friends 
 to sustain them, may, if industrious, yet maintain a decent 
 and honorable existence, and walk in the face of God and 
 man, as good and virtuous women should walk. The 
 stranger who visits one of the immense ateliers of New 
 York, will find bending over the bench of the book-folder, 
 of the tailoress, of the shirtmakers, forms fair and delicate, 
 as an} r that ever shone in the most brilliant galaxy of beauty. 
 There they sit from day till night, waste away the glory 
 and beauty of their attractions, and finally sink, as all bright 
 things do, into an early grave. 
 
 Pass down Broadway, the Bowery, or any other street 
 you may select in the morning, and hundreds of these fair 
 and delicate beings will hurry by you, in the dress of calico, 
 or mousseline de laine, and the little brocM shawl ; they will 
 sweep on, apparently reckless of everything but business. Pas3 
 up the same street at dusk, and the same forms will hurry 
 
THE MANUFACTORIES OF NEW YORK. 
 
 93 
 
 by you, — though if not an experienced person, you will 
 hardly recognise them. The day's labor has been done, 
 the day's work has left its mark on them. 
 
 Let us pass on till ten o'clock at night. Yon building is 
 brilliantly lighted ; the ouvriere we saw not long ago, like 
 the chrysalis, has emerged from her shell, and she leaves 
 the gorgeous satin-cushioned coach, gay, as if toil had 
 never sullied her fingers. Look at that fair hand in its 
 glove of silken kid ; who on earth would fancy it had all 
 day long been managing the needle, the folding-knife, or the 
 paste-pot ? The waltz, the mazurka, the schottisch is heard, 
 and off go those working girls, quite as accomplished, quite as 
 happy, quite as joyous as the fine folks who live in the Fifth 
 Avenue or in the West End of London — and they are thrice 
 as pretty and quite as good — and you may some day find 
 one of them lady of a princel)' mansion, while you are what 
 you are. Enough of this. Sixty thousand women are em- 
 ployed in manual occupations in New York, and of course 
 have an influence over sixty thousand men. The stranger 
 who visits the city and sees nothing of the workwomen, sees 
 very little of New York, in which city, if in no other, a wo- 
 man is almost as valuable as a man. 
 
94 LOCATION OP THE PRINCIPAL INSTITUTIONS, ETC. 
 
 THE LOCATION OF THE PRINCIPAL INSTITU- 
 TIONS AND SOCIETIES. 
 
 The American and Foreign Anti- 
 Slavery Society, 
 " Anti- Slavery Society, 
 11 Baptis t Home Missionary Society 
 " Bible Society, 
 
 " Board of Commiss. for Foreign 
 Missions, 
 
 " Female Guardian Soc. & Home 
 for the Friendless, 
 
 \ 11 Home Missionary Society, . 
 
 " Seaman's Friend Society, 
 
 " Missionary Association, 
 
 11 Sunday School Union, 
 
 " Temperance Union, 
 
 " Tract Society, 
 
 " City Bible Society, (Baptist) 
 
 " College of Physicians & Surgeons, 
 
 " Colonization Society, 
 
 " Columbia College, . . > 
 
 " Apprentices' Library, 
 
 " Astor Library, 
 
 " Asylum for Respectable Aged & 
 
 Indigent Females, 
 11 Domestic & Foreign Missionary 
 
 Soc. of the Prot, Epis. Church 
 
 in the United States, 
 " Eye & Ear Infirmary, 
 M Free Academy, 
 
 11 General Society of Mechanics & 
 
 Tradesmen, 
 " General Tlieological Seminary of 
 
 the Prot. Epis. Church in the 
 
 United States, 
 
 48 Beekman street. 
 142 Nassau street. 
 8 Park place. 
 115 Nassau street. 
 
 150 Nassau street. 
 
 Thirtieth st. between Fourth 
 
 and Madison avenues. 
 150 Nassau street. 
 82 Wall street. 
 48 Beekrnan street. 
 38 Park row & 147 Nassau st 
 
 149 Nassau street. 
 
 150 Nassau street. 
 8 Park place. 
 
 67 Crosby street. 
 Office of the Brick-church cha- 
 pel Park row, cor. Spruce st 
 Foot of Park place. 
 472 s Broadway. 
 Lafayette place, near Broadway. 
 
 Twentieth st. near Second av. 
 
 Office, 2 Park place. 
 97 Mercer street. 
 East Twenty-third st. corner of 
 Lexington avenue. 
 
 472 Broadway & 32 Crosby st 
 Cor. 9th av. & West 21st. st 
 
LOCATION OF THE PRINCIPAL INSTITUTIONS, ETC. 95 
 
 The German Society of City of N. T. 95 Greenwich street. 
 v " Home for Friendless Boys, . 109 Bank street. 
 
 11 m Home for Sailors' -Children, . Staten Island. 
 
 u House of Refuge, . . Corner 23d st. & First avenue. 
 
 " Irish Emigrant Society, . 51 Chambers street. 
 
 " Lying-in Asylum, . . 85 Marion street. 
 
 " Marine Hospital, . . Staten Island. 
 
 " Mariner 's Family Industrial Soc. 322 Pearl street. 
 
 u Mechanics' Institute, . Corner Bowery and Division st. 
 
 ri Methodist Book Concern, . 200 Mulberry street. 
 
 " Missionary Soc, (Meth. Epis.) 200 Mulberry street. 
 
 " National Academy of Design, 663 Broadway. 
 
 " New York Bible Society, . 115 Nassau street.. 
 
 u New York City, Tract Society, 150 Nassau street. 
 
 " New York Gallery of Fine Arts, 663 Broadway. 
 
 " New York Historical Society, In University Buildings, cor. 
 
 "Wooster st. & Waverly pi. 
 
 " New York Hospital, . . 319 Broadway. 
 
 " New York Mercantile Library 
 
 Association, . . Corner Nassau & Beekman sts. 
 
 " Nexo York Society Library, . Corner Broadway k Leonard st. 
 
 " New York Sunday School Union, Brick-church Chapel. 
 
 " Neio York Typographical Soc. 300 Broadway. 
 
 •* Odd Fellows' Hall, . . Grand street, corner Centre and 
 Orange streets. 
 
 " Philharmonic Society, . 483 Broadway. 
 
 " Presbyterian Board of Education 23 Centre street. 
 
 " Presbyterian Board of Foreign 
 
 Missions, ... 23 Centre street. 
 
 " Presbyterian Board of Publica. 23 Centre street. 
 
 " Printers' 1 Library and Public 
 
 Reading Room, . . 300 Broadway. 
 
 " Prison Association ofNev) York, 15 Centre street. 
 
 " Prot. Epis. Sunday Sch. Union, 20 John street. 
 
 " Prot. Half- Orphan Society, Sixth av. betw. 10th & 11th st. 
 
 " Rom. Cath. Half- Orphan Asylum 11th st., betw. 6th & 7th avs. 
 
 " Rom. Cath. Asylum for Girls, Prince st., corner Mott st. 
 
 " Rom. Cath.Half- Orphan Asylum 
 
 for Boys, . . . Fifth av., betw. 51st & 52d sts. 
 
 u Rutgers Female Institute, . Madison street, near Clinton st. 
 
 M Saibr's Home, . . 190 Cherry street. 
 
 " Sailor's Snug Harbor & Retreat Staten Island. 
 St. Catherine's Convent, and In- 
 stitution of Mercy, . Cor. Houston & Mulberry sts. 
 
 " Unitarian Association, . 257 Broadway. 
 
 u University Medical College, East 14th St., near Third av, 
 
96 BUSINESS NOTICES AND ADVERTISING. 
 
 BUSINESS NOTICES AND ADVERTISING. 
 
 We devote a few pages of our work to Business Adver- 
 tisements, by which the Stranger may know where to pur- 
 chase any article he may want. The Advertisements are 
 from some of our first-class houses, where the latest and 
 most fashionable goods can be obtained at fair prices. The 
 advantages of advertising have been explained and made 
 known to the public by V. B. Palmer, the original Ameri- 
 can Newspaper Advertising Agent, in the Tribune Buildings. 
 
 Volumes might be filled with an enumeration of its ad- 
 vantages. Indeed the same arguments might be adduced 
 in its favor as are advanced for the diffusion of knowledge. 
 
 By long observation and experience it has been discovered 
 that, to accomplish the merchant's object at the present 
 day, it is indispensably necessary for him to read the news- 
 papers, and to advertise extensively an account and descrip- 
 tion of his merchandise. His main object is to procure 
 good articles, at reasonable prices, and then to dispose of 
 them, soon as possible, at a fair profit. To do this, he must 
 know what others have for sale, and make known to them 
 what saleable articles he has on hand. , Thus, precisely as 
 he was attracted to his particular mart for the purchase of 
 his stock, he will attract customers to call and buy. 
 
 Merchants who wish to advertise or have their Business 
 Card inserted in this work, will please send their address to 
 the office. 
 
BOSTON— Scollay's Building, Court-st. ; NEW- YORK— Tribune Build- 
 ings; PHILADELPHIA— X- W. cor. Third and Chestnut, 
 
 Embraces most of the best Commercial, Political, Religious, 
 Literary, Scientific, Congressional, Legislative, Reformatory, 
 and Agricultural Journals; Prices Current, &c, in the Uni- 
 ted States, British Provinces, &c, for which he is the duly 
 appointed Agent, and specially authorized by the Proprietors 
 to receive and receipt for Subscriptions and Advertisements. 
 
 To prevent imposition, the Public hare been repeatedly 
 cautioned against the acts of Imitators and pre- 
 tended agents, who infest some of the cities* 
 
 Having no connection with any other person in this Agency, all 
 Orders should be specially directed to V. B. PALMER. 
 
 j£3g>" To public institution?, reading-rooms, clubs, &c, as well as to indi- 
 viduals, -in all parts of the world, V. B. PALMER'S Agency presents a con- 
 venient, safe, and ready means of subscribing for the best journals of the 
 Union, advertising in any number of the most desirable business newspa- 
 pers, and obtaining valuable information. 
 
 Remittances may be made from any section of the country, with entire 
 assurance that all orders will be faithfully and promptly attended to. Ad- 
 dress V. B. PALMER, Newspaper Agent, Boston, Scollay's Building, Court 
 st. ; New-York — Tribune Buildings ; Philadelphia — N. W. corner of Third 
 and Chestnut streets. 
 
 A THOROUGH, JUDICIOUS AND SAFE SYSTEM OF ADVERTISING 
 
 may be adopted at the Agency of V. B. PALMER. 
 
 I. Thorough, because his Agency embraces most of the best and most 
 widely circulating journals of all the cities and principal towns in America, 
 systematically arranged and carefully filed for the convenient examination 
 of advertisers, affording a choice selection of any desirable number of pa- 
 pers in all available sections of the country. 
 
 H. Judicious, because his practical experience and observation qualify 
 him to communicate valuable, reliable information and important facts in 
 regard to the principle of advertising, its practical operation^rbe trade of 
 the several districts of tlte country, the character, circulation and compar- 
 ative merits of the various papers, their suitableness and adaptation to the 
 furtherance of different business pursuits, and the seasons best suited to ad- 
 vertisers for acquiring publicity. 
 
 III. Safe, because he is the appointed agent of most of the best papers 
 of the whole country, and authorized by the proprietors to make contracts 
 and give receipts for subscriptions and advertisements. 
 
PHALON'S 
 
 CHEMICAL HAIR INVIGORATOR. 
 
 Bald Headed Gent. — "Why, here's our 
 o . - CT*, .'\ old friend Squire Sensible, been trying to 
 ' |1| rejuvinate himself with a wig ! Capital 
 i|joke! ha, ha ! Capital fit too, boys— eh? 
 || Squire Sensible. — As to the rejuvina- 
 ^ ting part you are right enough, but the 
 1| idea of a wig, is an absurdity ! A few bot- 
 ties of 
 
 F HALM'S IIVI1SBAT3I 
 
 have made this change in my personal appearance — Gents. I 
 advise you to follow my example — and the ladies wifl again smile 
 upon you, as in the days of your youth. 
 
 Besides being the best article ever used for the toilet, to give 
 the appearance of youthfulness, vigor, beauty, and silky lustre to 
 the hair ; this elegant and scientific preparation is unrivalled in 
 its medicated and chemical action upon the scalp and the roots 
 of the hair ; and thus removing Dandruff and other diseases that 
 destroy the vitality of the hair, and cause it to fall out, become 
 dry, harsh, and often gray. It contains no substance that will 
 clog the pores, inflame the skin, or check the growth of the hair — 
 but it does contain real nourishment for the vessels from which 
 its roots spring. It should be used freely, according to the di- 
 rections around each bottle, and the result will be satisfactory to 
 all. 
 
 For Children 
 
 "Whose hair may seem weak or thin, mothers can apply nothing 
 better, as it is perfectly harmless, while it acts like a charm in 
 giving tone, vigor and health to the scalp and roots of the hair. 
 
 Thousands of certificates aro in possession of the proprietor, of 
 persons who hare been benefitted by its use, among whom are 
 the late HENRY CLAY and other distinguished persons, both 
 ladies and gentlemen. One trial however, will satisfy the most 
 incredulous of its usefulness. 
 
 Prepared by PHALON. Nos. 197 and 517 Broadway, and for 
 Sale by Drug and Fancy Dealers generally, in the city and country. 
 Price, 50 c»nt« per bottlt ; large size, $1. For sale by all whole- 
 sale and retail drugg»t& in New- York. 
 
IRON SAFE WAREHOUSE! 
 
 137 and 139 WATER STREET, 
 Corner of Depeyster-st., NEW- YORK. 
 
 DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF 
 
 IRON SAFES AND MONEKHESTS. 
 
 Is the only person authorized to Manufacture and sell the unrivalled 
 
 Herring's Salamander Safes, 
 
 (WILDERS' PATENT.) 
 
 These Safes, as the public have from time to time been well 
 assured, have PROVED themselves to be the only real security 
 both from FIRE and THIEVES, which has as yet been dis- 
 covered. They, too, being the Safe to which the name " Sala- 
 mander" (now so extensively used) was first applied. 
 
 SILAS C. HERRING, Manufacturer. 
 
 COMPANY, 
 
 MARBLEIZED IRON MANTLES, 
 
 COLUMNS, 
 TABLE TCXE^S, cfcc. 
 
 An assortment, representing the finest Marbles and most pre- 
 cious stones always on Exhibition. 
 
 SILAS C. HERRING-. 
 
 R. F. & J. P. WILLIAMS, 
 
 Inventors. 
 J. RUSTON, Financial Department. 
 
TILTON & WALLING, CLOTHIERS AND MERCHANT TAI- 
 LORS, have constantly on hand an extensive and splendid assort- 
 ment of 
 
 READY-MADE CfcOTHING, 
 
 Embracing every style and quality of goods of 
 
 FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE, 
 
 Made up in the latest style of Fashion, and in the most durable manher. Every Gar- 
 ment made with the same punctilious care that governs the first customer Tailoring 
 Establishments of the first cities of the world. The man of fashion and the econo- 
 mist can each find the garment suited to their mind, so that travellers may alight at 
 their door, covered with dust, and altogether unpresentable, and as rapidly as they 
 could select from the garments in their presses at home, be costumed in a style fit for 
 the drawing room of an Emperor. The proprietors would endeavor to attract and 
 merit a share of public patronage, by selling a superior article of 
 
 READY-MADE CLOTHING, 
 
 AT PRICES THAT WILL DEFY COMPETITION. Also, GENTLEMEN'S FUR- 
 NISHING GOODS. In short, everything requisite for a gentleman's general outfit. 
 
 W. H. TILTON. B. C. WALLING-, 
 
 # 
 
HiTiL. 
 
 CORNER OF 
 
 Broadway and Park Place, 
 
 KEPT UPON THE 
 
 The most Central and Pleasant location for Merchants and 
 Visitors to the City. 
 
 SITUATED 
 
 Directly opposite the Park and City Hall, 
 
 ROOMS AT 50 CENTS PER DAY. 
 
 DANIEL BIXBY, Proprietor. 
 
 New- York, Jan. 26. 
 
 TEC S3 
 
 NiCHOcLAS HO^in^ 
 
 BETWEEN BROOME AND SPRING STREETS. 
 TREADWELL, ACKER & CO., Proprietors. 
 
 This splendid Hotel has just been opened to the Public. It 
 is one of the most rich and beautifully furnished Hotels in the 
 World. 
 
CORNER ,OF 
 
 NASSAU AND FRANKFORT STREETS, N. Y. 
 
 Tfeis Splendid Establishment, opposite the Park and City Hall, is the oldest Hotel 
 iatfaecity. ' 
 
 m$ tbs j$M$pp$& 'mm. 
 
 It has recently been refitted and refurnished in the most mo- 
 dens and improved style and cannot be excelled in the Union for 
 eamfori and economy. 
 
 The airy, and at the same time central location — all the 
 business portions of the city being in the immediate vicinity — 
 readers Tammany Hotel a most desirable resort for gentlemen 
 transiently in New- York, the charges being on a much more 
 *86onomical scale than is usual in the city. 
 
 THE LARGE REFECTORY 
 
 IN THE BASEMENT, 
 Hjas been cTtensivehj improved, and the arrangements of the Cuisine, are such as will 
 give satisfaction to all. 
 The undersigned solicit a continuance of patronage from the public. 
 
 HOWARD k BROWN. 
 
 Importers. Manufacturers and Dealers in 
 
 a 9 
 
 SILVER WARE &c, 
 No. 264 BROADWAY, 
 
 OPPOSITE THE PARK. 
 
 Between Chambers and Warren sts. _ ^nEW ,c,r S , (£)IsiI]Sc 1 
 
 This is one of the oldest Establishments in the city. A large 
 and splendid assortment of Watches, Jewelry, and Silver 
 Ware always on hand ; and all articles warranted. 
 
H. L. SHORT'S 
 
 ASTOR BOWLING SALOON, 
 
 No. 14 and 16 Vesey-street, 
 
 (Rear of the Astor House.) 
 
 This Establishment, for the healthy exercise of Bowling or 
 Ten Pins, is located near Broadway, and is fitted up in the 
 most splendid style, and contains 
 
 im ALLEYS ON ONE FLOOR! 
 
 All new, in good order, and even with the street. A fine 
 
 ssmssxsrfi mxhk 
 
 Is also connected with this Establishment. Gentlemen visiting 
 the great metropolis will please give us a call. 
 Refreshments of the best kinds to be had at the bar. 
 
 H. L. SHORT, Proprietor. 
 
 THE ARCADE 
 
 No. 82 Barclay and 14 Vesey street, 
 
 (Rear of the Astor House.) 
 
 This Splendid Billiard Saloon, the Oldest and most popular 
 in the city, contains 
 
 All in good order for playing, with prompt and attentive game 
 keepers in attendance. The proprietor will spare no pains to 
 please all who may favor his establishment with their custom. 
 Strangers in the city will please call. 
 
 THOMAS T. STONE, Proprietor, 
 
 S£ Barclay and 14 Yesey sts. 
 
No city in the world is so well provided with Public Eating 
 Houses as New-York. At the following fine Establishments 
 gentlemen can obtain Breakfast, Dinner or Supper, at any 
 price they wish. A Bill of Fare, with the prices of all the dif- 
 ferent dishes will be found on the Table. 
 
 HENRY^oTr ABIN ESAU, 
 
 Always desirous that his friends and the public should know where to find him, res- 
 pectfully announces that he has taken the 
 
 SPACIOUS ESTABLISHMENT, 
 
 NEXT DOOR TO BURTON'S THEATRE, 
 
 No. 39 CHAMBERS-STREET, 
 
 Where he proposes to furnish Gentlemen, who have a discriminating taste in the good 
 things of this life, with all the luxuries of the cuisine, and the cellar, together^with 
 means of recreation that will promote appetite and help digestion. 
 He has added a spacious and well ventilated 
 
 to the other features of the Establishment, and intends to serve up 
 
 BREAKFAST, DINNERS, & SUPPERS, 
 
 On the European Plan, in a style not to he surpassed by any other Hotel or Restau- 
 rant in the city. Spirits of every description (except those bf the Rochester stamp), 
 and from the choicest lots in the London docks, will " come when you do call them." 
 In short, everything obtained at Rabineai's Saloon will be prime of its class, and 
 worthy of the sparkling intellectual entertainment furnished at Burton's peerless 
 Theatre next door, of which Rabineau's may be deemed the ante-chamber. 
 
 A variety of appetizing relishes. Sic. will' be found at all hours, and no effort that 
 the public's old friend aud acquaintance can make, to give unrivalled satisfaction, will 
 be omitted. 
 
 HENRY C. RABINEAU'S 
 
 BATHING ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 For many years he has been known to his fellow citizens as art unflinching advo- 
 cate of water— as an outward application To every bather in New-York his name is 
 familiar aH a household word. Some he has treated warmly, some coldly ; some he 
 has accommodated with hot brine, others with the article without caloric ; and now he 
 invites the public who hare swum with him. showered with him, douched with him, 
 and taken their warm water with him. for twenty years, to call and see his improved 
 bathing Establishments, which can be found at iheJlstor, Irving.znd Carlton Houses. 
 The Hot Sea and Swimming Baths, at Desbrosses street, are still under- his special 
 direction, — and for the kind support he has received for many years, he subscribes him- 
 self the public's obliged and faithful servant, H. C. R. 
 
 Crj- Strangers in the city will find it very beneficial to their health to bathe often. 
 The sudden changes of our climate requires them to use great csre, and bathing is 
 one of the groatest things to prevent diseases of every description. 
 
Corp of Broadway and White Street. 
 
 This New and Splendid Saloon has attracted the attention of 
 people from all parts of the country. 
 
 The Cave is a great Curiosity; 
 
 And almost equal in extent to the Great Cave in Kentucky ! 
 
 At this popular place can be found all the Delicacies of the 
 Season. OYSTERS of the best quality, and GAME of the 
 finest kind. 
 
 DINNERS or SUPPERS served up at the shortest notice 
 for Parties of any number. 
 
 WINES and LIQUORS of the best brands, to be had at the 
 Bar. Strangers "who visit the city will please give us a call. 
 
 THOMAS SEWARBS, Proprietor, 
 
 DINING AND OYSTER SALOON, 
 
 No. 83 Hassan-street. 
 
 C. T. & M. II . WEEK, Proprietors. 
 
 At this Establishment gentlemen can obtain BREAKFAST, 
 DINNER, or SUPPER at any price they wish. 
 
 A Bill of Fare, with the prices of all the different dishes 
 will be found on the table, from which they can select. 
 
 The OYSTER DEPARTMENT is under the charge of the 
 well-kaown Richard M. Tyron, Esq. 
 
KNOX & JAMES, 
 
 Opposite the Collamcre House, and near all the large Hotels. • 
 
 Gent's Black Moleskin, Beaver and Drab Hats, 
 
 IX ALL THEIR VARIETIES, 
 
 Caps of all kinds — Straw and Grass Hats of the latest 
 mode — Umbrellas, Canes and Gloves. 
 Ilats fitted to a nicety, and the proportions suited to the customer. 
 
 class© 
 
JUST PUBLISHED BY J. S. RED FIELD '. 
 
 THE WORKS OF WILLIAM II. SEWARD. 
 
 EDITED BY GEORGE E. BAKER, 
 
 In Three Vols., Svo— Peice $2.50 per Vol 
 
 CONTENTS OF VOL. I. 
 BioGRArmc Memoir, with a finely-engraved Portrait of Gov. Seward. 
 Speeches and Debates in the Senate of New York. 
 
 Tim Militia System — Bank of the United States — Removal of the Deposifes — Election of 
 Mayors by the People — Prison Discipline — Corporations — Colonial History of New 
 York, &c. 
 
 Speeches and Debates in Senate of United States. 
 
 Freedom in the New Territories, in District of Columbia, in New Mexico, in Europe — 
 French Spoliations — Kossuth — Exiles of Ireland — American Steam Navigation — Eulo- 
 gies on Henry Clay and Daniel Webster — Survey of Arctic and Pacific Oceans — The 
 Fisheries — Father Mathew — Sir John Franklin— Amin Bey — New York Mint — Peon 
 Slavery — The Public Lands — Internal Improvements — Fugitive Slave Law — Catlin's 
 Indian Gallery, <fcc. 
 
 Forensic Arguments. 
 
 The Freedom of the Press, Cooper vs. Greelev — Defence of William Freeman — Patent 
 Cases— Fugitive Slave Law— Defence of Abel F. Fitch, <fcc. &c. 
 
 CONTENTS OF VOL. II. 
 
 Notes on New York. 
 
 Government — Education — the Clergy — the Legal and Medical Professions — Internal Im- 
 provements — Political History, &c. 
 
 Annual Messages to the Legislature. 
 
 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842— Internal Improvements — Enlargement of Canal— Railroads- 
 Education — Immigration — Les;al Reform — The Currency — Free Banking — Prison Dis- 
 cipline — Anti-rent Troubles, &c, &c. 
 
 Special Messages. 
 
 Virginia Slave Case — Georgia do. — South Carolina do. — M'Leod Case — Suppressed Veto 
 Message of New York Registry Law, &c, <fcc. 
 
 Official Correspondence. 
 
 Vinrinia Controversy — M'Leod do. — Letters to Gen. Harrison, Daniel Webster, John 
 Quincy Adams, Widow of Con. Harrison, &c, &c. 
 
 Pardon Papers. 
 
 Case of W. L. MKenzie — Thomas Topping— John C. Colt — Benj. Rafhburn, &c. 
 f Political "Writings. 
 
 Address of Republican Convention, 1824 — Address of Minority of Members of Legisla 
 ture, 1831— Do., 1832— Do., 1834,-Do., 1837, &c. ,W\''i s .. 
 
 CONTENTS OF VOL. III. 
 
 Orations and Discourses. 
 
 Eulojry on Lafayette. 1834 — Oration on Daniel O'Connell— Oration on John Quincy 
 Adams — Discourse on Education, 1837 — Do. on Agriculture. 1842 — Ireland and irish- 
 men, 1844 — True Greatness of our Country — Farms and Farmers, 1852, &c, &c. 
 
 Occasional Speeches and Addresses. 
 
 The Union. 1825— For Greece, 1827— Sunday Schools, 1839— Croton Celebration—John 
 Quincy Adams, 1843— Cleveland Speech, 1848— St Patrick's Dinner— Elections— In- 
 ternal Improvements, &.C., &c. 
 
 General Correspondence. 
 
 Letters to William Jay, Gen. Gaines, E. C. Delavan, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, John 
 Quincy Adams, Thomas Ewing, Thomas Clarkson (England), Bishop Huafhes. John C. 
 Spencer, Rev. Dr. Nott. Lewis Gaylord Clark, Silas Wrisrht, Luther Bradish, Gerrit 
 Smith, James Bowen, George Bliss, H. C. Westervelt, Boston Convention, 1851, St 
 Patrick's Society, &c, <fcc. 
 
 Letters from Europe. 
 Nos. 1 to 68. England, Scotland, Ireland, France, <fcc, &c.