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The Columbia University Libraries reserve the right to refuse to accept a copying order If, In its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. Author: Title: William Whitman, manufacturer, merchant Place: Boston Date: 1911 MASTER NEGATIVE « COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DIVISION BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED - EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD 360.7 Yfilliam Vfhitman, nianufacturer, merchant, citi- zen; a public recognition of dtstincuished service, Boston, April 26, 1911. Boston, The Rockwell and Chi:irchill press, 1911* 51 p. front, (port,) Tfc«-^ Ut- —• RESTRICTIONS ON USE: FILM SIZE: . ^<~* *9'»1 TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA REDUCTION RATIO: . /i y DATE FILMED ,jjil/li IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA /haNiB IIB INITIALS: TRACKING # : Ai<*< ft/OVlt FILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES, BETHLEHEM. PA. > ^, ^ > CD o o m -n O O O X ■< Ol 3 3 > Q) O o m ^3i X < N X M ^: > ^v^t**^ V A* 10 O O 3 3 o 3 3 w > Ul "V^' a? 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WILLIAM WHITMAN MANUFACTURER MERCHANT QTIZEN A PUBLIC RECOGNITION OF DISTINGUISHED SERVICE THE UBRARIES School of Business I I I I A WILLIAM WHITMAN MANUFACTURER MERCHANT CITIZEN A PUBLIC RECOGNITION OF DISTINGUISHED SERVICE BOSTON, APRIL 26, I9n a » « , J i -* i « IS * BOSTON The Rockwell and Churchill Pre 1911 IN HONOR OF WILLIAM WHITMAN. t II t • • « , • « • » t •■ t • • a , % » i, . t t t I f . ,. . •:•••» f • * it • • «••-:> ' t ■ • : » ^ « t i I • t \ 1 c • • ■ • t * • • • •• aw ft • * « « i f * ■ « • HIS DISTINGUISHED SERVICE TO THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY RECOGNIZED AT A GREAT DINNER IN BOSTON. A REMARKABLE tribute was paid in Boston on April 26, 1911, to William Whitman, who retired on February 1, after seventeen yeai-s of service as President of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers. The Executive Com- mittee of the Association had voted on February 16 to take the initiative in some proper recognition of Mr. Whitman's distinguished service to the textile industry of America, and a committee consisting of Jacob F. Brown, John Hopewell, and Charles W. Leonard was appointed by President Wood to form the nucleus of a committee on arrangements. This committee, distinctly representing the National Association of Wool Manufacturers, added to its number six other gentlemen representative of the cotton manufacturing, finan- cial and mercantile interests of Boston and New England. The committee as finally completed was as follows : John Hopewell, Chairman, Jacob F. Brown. Frederic C. Dumaine. Edwin Farnham Greene. Charles H. Hutchins. Charles W. Leonard. James M. Prendergast. Philip Stockton. William H. Wellington. WiNTHROP L. Marvin, Secretary. Invitations were issued in the name of the committee to several hundred of Mr. Whitman's personal friends and busi- ness associates in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Provi- dence, Lawrence, New Bedford, Fall River, and other cities. The scope of the plan for the dinner was a broad one. It was recognized by the committee that Mr. Whitman's great work as an upbuilder of industry appealed to men of all shades of political and economic belief, and the result was a gathering of important business men such as is seldom seen in Boston. The presiding officer at the dinner was John P. Wood of Philadelphia, the successor of Mr. Whitman in the presi- dency of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers. The toastmaster was Hon. John D. Long, one of the most distinguished citizens of the Commonwealth — a former Governor, member of Congress, and Secretaiy of the Navy during the war with Spain. The speakers represented a wide range of interests. The dinner was held in the large ballroom of the Hotel Somerset at 7 p.m., and was preceded by a reception beginning at six-thirty, where Mr. Whitman received the direct personal congratulations of the guests. The committee on arrange- ments was assisted at this reception by : Samuel G. Adams. Andrew Adie. F. H. Carpenter. Joseph R. Grundy. George E. Kunhardt. Daniel D. Morss. Richard S. Russell. C. J. H. Woodbury. At the dinner Mr. Whitman sat on the right hand of President Wood, and at Mr. Wood's left hand was Governor Long. Other gentlemen at the head table were Dr. Richard C. Maclaurin, President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; Hon. Eben S. Draper, ex-Governor of the Com- monwealth ; Franklin W. Hobbs, President of the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers and Treasurer of the Arlington Mills ; Hon. Samuel L. Powers, ex-Representative in Congress from Mr. Whitman's district ; Hon. John T. Cahill, Mayor of Lawrence ; George S. Smith, President of the Boston Chamber of Commerce ; Judge William A. Day of New York, President of the Equitable Life Assurance Society, in which Mr. Whitman had long served as a fellow- director; John Hopewell, of L. C. Chase & Company, chair- man of the committee on arrangements ; Colonel George H. Doty, Assistant Treasurer of the United States at Boston ; Clarence Whitman, of Clarence Whitman & Company of New York, a brother of Mr. Whitman; Stephen O'Meara, Police Commissioner of Boston ; Frederic C. Dumaine, President of the Arkwright Club ; Hon. William B. Plunkett of North Adams ; Frederic S. Clark, President of the American Asso- ciation of 'Woolen and Worsted Manufacturers and Vice- President of the National Association of Wool Manufactu- rers ; Charles H. Hutchins of Worcester, Vice-President of the Home Market Club, and Frederic P. Vinton of Boston, the eminent artist who has painted Mr. Whitman's portrait. In opening the speech-making after the dinner President Wood of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers said : PRESIDENT JOHN P. WOOD. It is, I presume, because the Association for which. I am commissioned to speak upon this occasion is the oldest of the national trade organizations, and the first to engage the interest of our guest of honor, that I am privileged to address you first. In certain high altitudes of government it has lately become fashionable to characterize as obsolete anything that has existed for so great a period of time as thirty years. But I confess to a respect for venerable institutions, be they associations or laws, that have stood the test of time without impairment of principle or usefulness. The Association of Wool Manufacturers after nearly half a century of existence still holds true to the high purpose which brought it into being ; and having witnessed the rise and fall, the death and burial of many public agitations begotten by political demagogy and born of popular hysteria, I doubt not it will survive the present campaign of abuse and untruth, to abundantly justify the cause for which it has faithfully and fearlessly labored. In an address delivered at a convention of manufacturers and growers of wool held in Syracuse about the time when Mr. Whitman began his activity in this great industry, a distinguished secretary of the Wool Manufacturers Associa- tion said : " We are as yet in our infancy in our manufactures. The work before us is to clothe all the people of the United States with our wool and our fabrics. We have just commenced the work, and when a full supply of raw material is furnished, and grower and manufacturer are encouraged by a stable system of protection, the imagination can hardly conceive the grand field which will be opened in this country in the industrv of wool and woolens." A PROPHECY FULFILLED. Dr. Hayes' anticipation, so far as it referred to domestic wool manufacture, is now a fact accomplished. Since that time the industry has been developed and expanded until at the present time the woolen mills of the United States are abundantly able to produce all the woolen and worsted goods required for the clothing of our entire population. Foremost among the pioneers who blazed the way for the wonderful expansion of this industry to its present propor- tions is the distinguished guest in whose honor we have come together to-night. Combining with an unusual skill in affairs, a keen fore- sight, abounding faith and sublime courage, bold conceptions were by him made practical realities. Possessing a public confidence in his ability and rectitude, capital, always shy, and sometimes wayward, at his command was directed to channels of industrial usefulness that have brought to the communities in which his activities have been exercised benefits too vast to be calculable. Endowed with intellectual qualities that peculiarly fitted him for the study and exposition of economic problems, he might more easily have won distinction in an academic life. But the world has been the gainer through the application of those great talents to the practical problems of commerce and industry. A BENEFICIAL EXCHANGE. Permit me to interject a speculative inquiry here. In recent years some of the great institutions of learning in this country and abroad have instituted the practice of inter- changing professors for a term, the purpose being to create a broader and more liberal scholastic atmosphere in the several seats of wisdom. Would it not be of incalculable benefit if this idea could be given a further extension, to the end that there might be for brief periods a similar interchange between the institutions of learning and those institutions engaged in performing the world's work? Imagine, if you please, our honored guest exchanging chairs with a learned professor of political economy in a famous university not far distant, and ask yourselves whether the collegians or the personnel of the mills would derive the greatest benefit from the teaching of the visiting instructors. The domain of our guest's activities has been a wide and 4 ii ll 8 9 j| I tl yj t varied one. I come from a single field of his labors to bear testimony to his service therein. For a generation past Mr. William Whitman has been the guiding spirit in the counsels of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers and for upwards of seventeen years has served as its president. His colleagues in the membership of that Association desire to fittingly commemorate this long, faithful and able service, and I crave your indulgence for availing of this occasion to announce the presentation to Mr. Whitman on behalf and in the name of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers of a porti-ait, painted by your eminent townsman, Mr. Frederic P. Vinton, the acceptance of which we ask as an evidence of our regard, esteem and appreciation. (Applause.) It would be an act of the greatest presumption upon my part to venture to introduce to this audience a fellow citizen of yours so distinguished that his name has become a house- hold word, not less for the great service that he has rendered to the state and the nation than for his charming personality. I shall therefore avoid any formal introduction and simply now invite to act as your chairman and toastmaster the Hon. John D. Long. (Great applause.) HON. JOHN D. LONG. Mr. President : You have given me the easiest place of all. General Butler and Governor Talbot were once at a military ball in Lowell. They were leaning unoccupied against the wall, and in the lack of other conversation Gov- ernor Talbot said to General Butler, " General, don't you dance ? " " No," said the General, " I make other people dance." A man who could make as good a retort as that ought to have a bronze statue erected to his memory. (Laughter and applause.) I am not going to dance to-night ; I am going to make these other fellows dance, and naturally the inference is that I ought to have a bronze statue, too. (Laughter, and a voice " You will." ) I hope my enthusiastic friend will not think of putting that project into execution at once. Will he kindly defer it a few years ? Well, to be serious, gentlemen, I am very happy indeed to act as toastmaster at this dinner given in honor not only of a man but also, of the interests he represents (applause) — not his interests alone, not merely the interests of capital, repre- sented so largely here to-night, but the interests of a great industry, which involves the welfare and the fortunes of the very foundation of our institutions, and that is labor. (Applause.) As the President has said, our guest has been President of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers for seven- teen out of its forty years of existence. From the hard beginning of an errand boy in a Boston commission house he has risen till he stands as -the highest authority in our national cotton and woolen industries and the most con- spicuous figure in that realm. (Applause.) Under his directing hand are half a dozen of the very largest cotton and woolen mills in this Commonwealth. The annual output, as you know, is enormous. The annual wages, I think $6,000,000, are paid to 15,000 employees, mak- ing with their families perhaps 75,000 people in Massachu- setts whose comfortable homes and whose large opportunities for education and free American life are the best evidence of that superiority in the condition of its labor which marks Massachusetts, and to which this man has contributed by his pen, his word, and still more by his constant, strenuous effort. (Applause.) That is what he has done for labor. When you further consider that there are something like 140,000 persons in our Commonwealth emplo^^ed in the same lines, their product $250,000,000 a year, their wages $50,000,000 a year, constituting with their fam^Jies perhaps half a million or more persons who are dependent upon the continued successful operation of this industry, you may well hesitate at any such impairment of a fostering system as shall tend to stop its mills, to reduce its wages or strike at the welfare of those who have most, because it is their all, at stake. (Applause.) jHiiiidLi ! t 4 It I i! i v\\\ 10 A DYNAMIC FORCE. It certainly is not too much to say, as has already been intimated by you, Mr. President, that in recent years our guest has been the dynamo whose force has held and directed this industrial development. More than any other man he has contributed to its literature of argument and exposition. His reputation to-day is national. With the courage of his convictions, — and nobody ever doubts that (laughter and applause), — with the courage of his convictions he has not hesitated to make himself a target to opposing forces and has arrayed against himself often bitter and stinging criticism. But let him remember that while in our public life there is nothing better than honest and outspoken difference of opinion, free to us all, there has never been the slightest per- sonal reflection upon him, and that he commands to-day, and always has commanded, the respect and trust of those who have fought him hardest. (Applause.) This gathering, utterly non-partisan, of Democrats and Republicans, men who have been candidates for the governorship on both sides (laughter), is their common, united tribute to him, not in any narrow capacity, but in the broadest recognition of his life and services as a merchant, as a manufacturer and best of all as a good citizen. (Applause.) In these cordial and welcoming faces, these faces here typical of a host more, let him read that best of all rewards, " Well done." (Renewed applause.) I must not, however, forget that I am here to enforce one parliamentary rule, and that is that no speaker, with the exception of our guest who is unlimited in that respect, shall exceed ten minutes. Gentlemen on the platform will please take notice. (Laughter.) Naturally we should turn first of all to the head of our Commonwealth. Governor Foss seems to be making good. He, too, speaks his mind; and he, too, is in the cotton interest. But he is detained to-night, much to his regret, by a previous engagement at Worcester, and I will ask Mr. Hopewell to read his very cordial letter of tribute and regret. Mr. Hopewell, will you read the Governor's letter ? 11 LETTERS OF REGRET AND FELICITATION. Mr. John Hopewell said: Mr. Toastmaster, as I am informed that there is a little delicacy between the Governor of a commonwealth and the members of the Senate, with the Governor's indulgence I will read first some letters from the Senate of the United States, and then I will read the Governor's letter. My DEAR Mr. Marvin: Your letter of the 16th instant is received. I am sorry that my duties here will prevent me from attending the dinner that is to be given to Mr. William Whitman on April 26th, but I thank you and through you the committee having the dinner in charge for their kindness in inviting me. Mr. Whitman has been a great leader in the textile business and his services in behalf of protection to New England indus- tries have been of inestimable value, and I am glad that his associates are going to recognize him in this way. Sincerely yours, W. M. Crane. (Applause.) We have a great many letters, and it is impossible to read them all. We have also a letter frpm Senator Lodge regret- ting his inability to be with us and join with us to-night, and this letter from the distinguished senior Senator from New Hampshire : United States Senate, Washington, April 20, 1911. My DEAR Mr. Marvin: It is a matter of real regret to me that I am unable to accept the invitation to the dinner to Mr. William Whitman, on the 26th day of April. I would like very much indeed to have the privilege of taking him by the hand on that occasion, as well as to give him and his friends my renewed assurance of sympathy and cooperation in the work in which he has so long been engaged. In these days of so-called reform, when an attack upon the protective policy of the country is imminent, it is well for real friends of the protec- tive policy to take counsel together, and do what they can to avert a calamity that is sure to come to the country if the ! W m I It 12 present program of the Democratic majority in the House of Representatives becomes an accomplijihed fact. Be good enough personally to extend to Mr. Whitman my assurances of regard and good will, and trusting that the occasion may be one of rare pleasure and profit to all who may be privileged to attend, know me to be, Most cordially yours, J. H. Gallikger. (Applause.) Ths Commomwsalth or Massachusetts^ ExECDTiVK Chamber, State Housb, Boston, April 24, 1911. Mr. John Hopewell, Chairman^ 683 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. My dear Sir : I acknowledge with many thanks your letter of April 12th and accompanying invitation to a recep- tion and dinner in honor of Mr. William Whitman at Hotel Somerset, Boston, on April 26th. Several weeks before receiving this invitation I had accepted an invitation to attend the annual banquet of the Worcester Board of Trade on the same date ; and if it is possible for me to get away at all on that day I feel that I must go to Worcester. I wish you would convey to your associates on the com- mittee my warm appreciation of the invitation and my real- izing sense of the distinction which Mr. Whitman has worthily attained in the Commonwealth. It would afford me deep gratification to be present and pay my tribute to Mr. Whitman in person, if I could do so. Very truly j^urs, E. N. Foss. State op Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Executive Department, Pbovidencs, April 18, 1911. Mr. Winthrop L. Marvin, 683 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. My dear Sir : I regret extremely that I shall be unable to be present, in response to the cordial invitation of the committee, at the dinner in honor of Mr. William Whitman at the Hotel Somerset, on the evening of the 26th instant. I should be most happy to be one of the many who will pay homage to Mr. Whitman on that occasion, but I am compelled IB by force of circumstances and a strenuous period in state legislation to confine myself to my duties here for the remainder of the present month. Assuring you and the members of the committee of my deep appreciation of the honor conferred by your invitation, and trusting that you will convey to the distinguished guest of the evening my sincere personal compliments, I am, Yours very truly, A. J. POTHIER, Grovernor. (Applause.) There have been innumerable letters from distinguished men from all over the country, but the time is so limited I can only read a few. I have one here from a man who stands at the head of the largest wool manufacture in the world, who cannot be present, but who sends this letter, a portion of which I will read : Mr. John P. Wood, President, National Association of Wool Manufacturers, 521 North 22d St., Philadelphia, Pa. Dear Mr. Wood : I had hoped to be present with you at the dinner in honor of Mr. William Whitman on April 26th, but cannot have the pleasure. However, I am very glad that our company will be fully represented on that evening. . . . The vast modern development of the textile manufacturing industry in New England has nearly all come within Mr. Whitman's lifetime. He has not merely witnessed it ; he has been a great part of it himself. For his energy, his sagacity, his courage, his power to plan and create, we "manufacturers all owe William Whitman an imperishable debt of gratitude. He is distinctively one of the great men of our time. It is a proud privilege to know him. No tribute that can possibly be paid to him, to his character and his achievements, will be undeserved. I am very truly yours, Wm. M. Wood. (Applause.) The Toastmaster. — We will give the rest of the letter- writers leave to report in print. Having heard from them, we will now proceed to enjoy ourselves. (Laughter.) IM % I 1' 14 Technical education lies very near the textile arts. I have emphasized the element of labor; I hope to see the time come when the man at his loom will regard himself as much an artist as the poet or the sculptor or the painter. The whole tendency is to make all employment to-day, what it should be, a fine art, whether it be domestic labor, or the labor of the loom, or the labor of the mechanic, — the exal- tation of hand labor to the artistic ideal. Who shall speak to us of that relation better than the present head of the Institute of Technology, the parent of these textile schools, which the State is encouraging and helping and which are doing so much for the education of the hand as well as of the mind. I call upon Dr. Richard C. Maclaurin, President of the Institute of Technology. (Great applause.) DR. RICHARD C. MACLAURIN. Mr. Toastmaster, Mr. Whitman, and Gentlemen: On an occasion like this one would like to appear as a busi- ness man, but I have no claims to that high honor. I am here, as has been suggested, as a representative of the schools, and I am glad in such a capacity to take part in this tribute of respect and of admiration for the splendid work of a great man of business. The world of business and the world of education have long been too far separated, but they are coming together at last. Following the cue of your President I have to-night invited Mr. Whitman to assume the honorable and lucrative position of a professor at the Institute of Tech- nology. (Applause.) Should he see fit to accept that invita- tion he would be welcomed to the Institute with unbounded enthusiasm. No institution has done more than that one to bring together the worlds of business and of learning, and none believes more fii-mly that the bringing together of those two worlds is one of the best seeds of promise for the future of this country. 15 I have been reminded by Mr. Whitman to-night that that Institute of Technology in its early days, as ever since, owed great things to the business men of Boston. Such men as Mr. E. B. Bigelow and Mr. J. M. Beebe were the men who fifty years ago saw that there was something dis- tinctly lacking in the educational system of the day. They saw that the older schools, splendid as some of them were, neglected too much some of the great practical affairs of life, devoted their attention too exclusively to training men for the older professions, failed to recognize that in the changes of time new professions had arisen quite as important to the welfare of society and of tremendous potential power in the business world. We owe much to those shrewd men of business of fifty years ago. They saw clearly enough that technical education was a good business investment, and through the foundation of the Institute of Technology and of textile schools and other similar institutions in this com- munity they did great things to introduce this modern idea of practical education into the world as a whole. Their idea was a new idea fifty years ago ; it is a commonplace to-day. The Institute of Technology within the last few days has been celebrating its fiftieth anniversary and we have had from all parts of this Commonwealth testimony that the business men of to-day recognize the importance of that kind of education and see quite clearly now what only a few saw then, that those shrewd, sagacious business men were per- fectly right, and that they rendered a splendid service to education when they broke into the field fifty years ago. I am not here to talk about the Institute of Technology, but these recent celebrations to which I have referred have suggested to my mind that on a congratulatory occasion such as this it is not improper to dissect the subject that is being extolled, to lay bare for our edification the reasons that have explained in a sense the great achievements that we are all talking about, and it occurs to me to repeat one of the expla- nations of the success of the Institute of Technology, because it seems to me peculiarly relevant to this occasion. ill! ( 1 1 16 THE INSTITUTE AND BUSINESS. It was said a few days ago that the success of the Institute of Technology was a perfectly simple thing ; its secret was just this : that the Institute had from the very outset a clear view of the object aimed at ; it had from the very outset per- fectly definite ideas (whether they were right or wrong) as to how it was going to reach that object ; it had never allowed itself to be turned aside from its purpose, and, in a single word, it had alwayt stuck to business. The doctrine of stick- ing to business is somewhat old-fashioned to-day, but I believe that our guest to-night could, if he would, preach an eloquent sermon from that text. The wiseacres tell us on every hand that we are passing through a period of transition, as if every thinking man did not know that every period is a period of transition. The truth is, however, that some periods of transition are a little more uncomfortable in their adjuncts than are others. Thus, in England, we have the suffragettes, of whom their critics say that they have ceased to be ladies and have not yet become gentlemen, and we have in the business world of this country a number of people who seem to have ceased to be individualists and have not yet become socialists. They talk a great deal about the service of society, a splendid ideal of course, but in practice it seems too often to take the form of neglecting your own affairs and harassing other people as to the conduct of theirs. (Laughter and applause.) It gives rise to much loose talk as to the antithesis between the social and the individual aim. There is no necessary antagonism at all, for if a man really sticks to business, if he devotes himself to his affairs with no narrow, no purely selfish spirit, if he sets himself heart and soul to do his own business thoroughly well in all its details, then, like our guest of honor to-night, he is not only a successful business man ; he renders, gentlemen, a splendid service to society as a whole. (Continued applause.) The Toastmaster. — Mr. Whitman's services have not been limited to any one line of usefulness. You all know 17 how valuable his aid was in the rehabilitation of that great insurance company, the Equitable Life Assurance Society (applause), and we are very fortunate in having with us its President, Judge William A. Day, of New York, whom I now present to you. •I JUDGE WILLIAM A. DAY. I must confess a feeling of timidity, if not of awe, in standing before a Massachusetts audience. It is the first time I have ever done so. Born and reared in one of the distant and older colonial States, I was taught from youth to revere Massachusetts for her glorious history, her enlight- ened institutions and great host of illustrious sons. I learned to look upon a citizen of your Commonwealth as distin- guished among men, and oftentimes coveted the honor of being able to say, " I am a citizen of Massachusetts." To be justly acclaimed by fellow citizens of the State one of Massachusetts' worthies is an honor of which any man might well feel proud. This gathering of citizens from diverse fields of activity, presided over by one of the nation's worthies, who has added luster to the fame of his State in the highest counsels of the nation, testifies eloquently, quite as much as what has been and will be said, that on that exalted plane have you placed William Whitman. That is a democracy's highest honor because it can only be born of a man's works. I count it a high privilege to partake of your feast and join in this tribute of good will and esteem to so deserving a man. For five and a half years it has been my privilege to be closely associated with Mr. Whitman, as Governor Long has said, in his efforts to rehabilitate the Equitable Life Assur- ance Society. You doubtless well remember the apprehen- sion and dread that was felt throughout the country at the disclosures made in the course of an investigation of some of the life insurance companies of the State of New York. This feeling was fully shared by the people of the New England States, always justly celebrated for their thrift and 1 U\ |:i: 1 1 1 18 providence. In these States the Equitable Society alone had forty thousand policyholders who carried insurance ^aggregating seventy millions of dollars, the reserve on which exceeded twenty millions of dollars. In many instances the policies represented entire fortunes, the savings of a lifetime, and naturally the holders were alarmed by the stress laid by the press on the revelations. * Realizing the strength of unity, these people organized what was termed " The New England Policyholders Protective Committee." They recog- nized the need of effective leadership and that the post called for a man of honor, high intelligence, and force who would take charge of these sacred interests pro bono publico. In praise of their wisdom and his disinterested public spirit, be it said, they chose William Whitman, chairman, and he accepted. Man of large affairs that he is, he well knew the duties involved in that position meant a great deal of valu- able time, thought, and labor, without material reward of any kind. He cheerfully gave all that was necessary to accomplish the purpose of the organization. To his honor it should be said that the pernicious practices and unsound methods which had been indulged in by certain insurance managers, and brought universal condemnation, have been relegated to the realm of the impossible largely through Mr. Whitman's efforts and cooperation with the Armstrong Com- mittee in the direction of reform. Not all the recommenda- tions of that Committee could Mr. Whitman agree to, but in the main the substantial reforms adopted were those he advocated. You will perhaps also remember that in the month of June, 1905, before the Armstrong Committee had begun its work, Grover Cleveland, Judge Morgan J. O'Brien, and George Westinghouse were appointed trustees of the majority of the shares of the capital stock of the Equitable Society by Mr. Thomas F. Ryan, who had recently acquired it. The stock was conveyed to these trustees with plenary power for its use in the reformation of the directorate of the Society, and the free and undisturbed exercise of their judgment to assure the policyholders that their interests were 19 in safe hands. Moved by the gravity of the situation and the need of the hour the trustees proceeded to select quali- fied men, of whose fidelity there could be no question, for directors. Among the first selected, to whom Grover Cleve- land and his colleagues gave full faith and confidence, was Mr. Whitman. A GREAT WORK IN INSURANCE. The new insurance laws of New York were drastic. All that legislation could do to make men faithful to fiduciary obligations was intended to be done by the Armstrong laws. Not fully satisfied with results of those laws, Mr. Whitman drafted, as the active head of a committee of directors appointed for the purpose, an improved scheme of internal government for the Equitable, and it was crystallized in the by-laws of the Society. The scheme provided checks and balances on the powers of officials which, with the laws on the subject, I believe effectually prevents any recurrence of conduct approaching that which caused the anxiety of six years ago. Subsequent experience has abundantly proven the wisdom and sagacity of Mr. Whitman in this vital matter. Perhaps I may be pardoned for believing that these accomplishments are not the least of Mr. Whitman's record. When you consider the millions of people affected by the security of life insurance protection, and the Equitable Society with its 500,000 policyholders and five hundred millions of dollars of assets, managed by officials selected by the Board of Directors, you get some idea of the magnitude of the task he unselfishly undertook and capably discharged. His services on our Board have been faithful and of high value. Gentlemen : In bringing these leaves for the laurel wreath of esteem and affection we weave for Mr. Whitman to-night, I express the gratitude of those thousands of beneficiaries of his labors whom he can never know. We justly honor him who put public advantage over private interest, and declining to be merely a sympathizer, toiled for those results that would protect the widows and orphans and reestablish the < III I i rliiiHi 20 fundamental faith of the people in the beneficence of American life insurance. If I could characterize in a word or two the impressions made upon me by observation and association of five and one-half years with William Whitman those words would be Conscientious and Efficient.*' (Applause.) i( The Toastmasteb. — Just think of the joinder of Grover Cleveland and William Whitman. (Laughter.) I wonder if they discussed the tariff. (Laughter.) Mr. Day, if you hadn't said that you felt a little timid nobody would have believed it. The idea of an insurance man being timid! (Laughter.) And if you had opened your heart to me before the speaking began I could have told you that a Boston audience is the most good-natured in the world, after eating and — eating. (Laughter.) In that condition, I can say, after a long experience, that they will bear anything (renewed laughter), especially such a charming and cordial address as you have just made. (Applause.) I have always wished that my friend — I came very near saying Sam, but my friend Hon. Samuel L. Powers (ap- plause), had been like one or two gentlemen whom I see in this audience, a capitalist, for then he could have remained in Congress. Perhaps no man in his early service there made a stronger impression from the very first upon his country and fellow congressmen. Could he have remained I am sure that with his interest in Massachusetts industrial and commercial development, he would have rendered us still more most admirable service. I believe that he is pre- pared, not specially for this occasion let me say, but always, to speak upon the relation of those interests to national legis- lation, and if he will only mingle a little of his charming humor we shall be under still greater obligation to him, for A little nonsense now and then Is relished by the beet of men. 21 The Hon. Samuel (applause, every one rising) — they are so eager to applaud you they would not wait for the full mention of your name. HON. SAMUEL L. POWERS. Mr. Toastmaster, Mr. Whitman, and Mr. Whit- man's Friends : No one can be more gratified than I am to join you to-night in paying tribute to one of the greatest men in the industrial world to-day. (Voices : " Right," and applause.) As I have looked over the list of speakers I have been somewhat in doubt where I fit in. I notice that all the speakers to-night either represent great interests or great institutions. Personally I represent nothing. (Laughter.) I'll tell you what I represent to-night, I represent the ulti- mate consumer, and as I look over this audience I am inclined to think I am the only ultimate consumer here to-night. (Renewed laughter.) You have been good enough, Mr. Toastmaster, to refer to my once having been in Congress. Most people have forgotten that, and if it were not for you and other men with generous hearts it would entirely fade away. But I remem- ber very well six years ago when I retired from Congress receiving a very magnificent banquet of this kind, in which there were a great many things said that were not true. There has been nothing said here to-night, and there will be nothing said here to-night, that is not true. But I remember that I never received such an ovation in my life as I did when I retired from public life. (Laughter.) One of the principal speakers said, and I think the audience believed him, that the greatest service I had rendered the public was my retirement. (Laughter.) There was one condition, how- ever, imposed upon me before I accepted that dinner, and that was that I^hould never be a candidate again for public office. I assume that that condition is in no way imposed upon our distinguished guest. He has not got to retire from manu- facturing, nor has he got to retire from his interest in life insurance and other great interests. (Applause.) I had the honor, however, when I was in Congress, of I I (1 jSjS representing Mr. Whitman. I think he was the best constit- uent I had in my district. He never so much as ever asked me even for seeds for his garden, and what was more, he was a very considerate man. He never found any fault with my service, and I appreciate that very much, because I had always understood that Mr. Whitman was a man who spoke his mind. It must be a great satisfaction to our distinguished guest to .find some four hundred gentlemen of the character of those present this evening to come here and to say that they believe in him and that they appreciate the great service which he has rendered. We live, my friends, at a time when the tendency is for men to lose confidence in their fellow men. We are drifting towards what is called pure democracy (laughter), and by that I mean it in no partisan sense but in the broad sense. We are up against what is caUed the initiative, the referendum, the recall, and also the direct primary, in which everybody takes part. Why, just think what kind of Governors we might have had in the years gone by if we had only had this direct primary. (Laughter.) Hereafter there will be no Governors nominated by conven- tions ; they will be nominated by the people voting as a whole. When I look over the list of Governors that we have had in this Commonwealth, and I refer not only to those who have been elected by one party, but by the other, and remember that they all were elected or nominated in conventions, it seems to me that the system worked pretty well. I am not here to discuss politics. I am here to show that the tendency of the times is for men to lose confidence in each other. In other words, apparently at least the majority of the Massachusetts people are not willing that they should be represented in convention by delegates of their own selec- tion, they must vote themselves, and so hereafter any man can run for Governor, — it is only a question of getting the requisite number of names. AN HONOR WELL DESERVED. But really it is a pleasure to be here and to look into the faces of this audience. I cannot but believe, Mr. Whitman, 23 that as the years roll by you will think of this as the most significant occasion in your life. The beauty of this tribute is that it is a tribute to a man that is entitled to receive it (applause), it is a tribute to one who has won his place upon absolute merit, it is a tribute to one who under the republican institutions of this country has grown up from small begin- nings to become a great power in the industrial world, and he has reached it not because some one has pushed him, but he has reached it by force of his own honesty, integrity, and ability. (Applause.) There are no people in the world that recognize merit more clearly and more keenly than the people of Massachusetts. There are no people in the world that believe more thoroughly in character and industry than our own people right here in this Commonwealth. And so I say it is a great tribute when a man like Mr. Whitman comes up from small beginnings to become a power in the industrial world, that he has reached that position by merit, and that he to-da}' not only has the respect of his friends who are gathered here but he has the respect of the entire people of the Com- monwealth, because the people of Massachusetts recognize that any man who has built up the industries that he has built up has not only performed a service which is of value to our people but a service that is of value to the people of the efttire ^country. We in Massachusetts owe our prosperity to the manu- facturing industries. Have you ever thought that this little State, way out here on the Atlantic seaboard, one of the smallest States in area, a State with practically no natural resources whatever, has more than 3,000,000 people better fed, better clothed, better housed, better educated, than any other people upon the face of the globe ? And why is it ? We are in that position by reason of our manufactures. We could not be there except for our manufactures. Any man who builds up our manufactures, who fights for the economic policies which are necessary to preserve those manufactures, is the man who is serving the entire people of the Common- wealth. And may God bless you, Mr. Whitman. May you live for many years and appreciate the great work that you filli i 24 have done, and raay your reputation and your fame increase not only among the people of the Commonwealth but among all people who believe in that policy which has made Massa- chusetts prosperous and has made the United States a great republic. (Prolonged applause.) The Toastmaster. — I agree, my dear friends, that we have had pretty poor Governors in the past, but as I look at the last speaker I cannot help thinking what we have been spared. (Laughter.) I do not believe it is easy to draw the line between com- mercial and industrial interests. They blend together. They are the twin columns on which the prosperity of Massachu- setts rests. Who shall speak of their relations better than the President of the Chamber of Commerce, recently elected to that position, and most worthy of it, — Mr. George S. Smith. (Continued applause.) PRESIDENT GEORGE S. SMITH. Mr. Toastmaster, Mr. WhiTxMAn, and Gentlemen: I c<^nt it an honor to enter into the pleasures of this evening and to pay my word of tribute to our honored guest. In these days of expanding optimism regarding the resources and the promise of a great future for New England, fostered and developed by a universal recognition that at no time has New England gone back or become decadent but rather steadily, surely and relentlessly has enjoyed a distinct industrial and commercial advance, we have been too prone to lay the emphasis upon great machinery, great mills, great industries, and too little inclined to recognize the worth of the man behind the machinery, the genius in control of the mill, and the master mind and brain at the head of a great industry. And therefore to-night, as we contemplate the fact that among the great industries of Massachusetts and New England the closely allied industries of cotton manufacturing, wool and woolen manufacturing are the largest and form a 25 very large proportion of the total output of the whole United States, it certainly is fitting, and commendable, and just, and right that we seek out the great leading spirit of this great allied industry, which reflects to the glory of New England, the man who has been the controlling spirit, the man who has been behind the great machinery and is the genius of great mills and is the master mind of a great industry. This is called commonly a commercial age, and so it is if by that phrase is meant a great expansion of modern business methods and practices, the application of scientific principles, and the opening door of opportunity for the development of the individual, who by his own work and steady purpose compels recognition and advancement. But this term is used rather to characterize this era as one of sordid grasp and reach, and I say that it is an unjust charge to levy against the business men of this generation. The great business men are the men who are earnestly and persistently seeking out those men of training and rare equipment upon whom they can place the responsibilities of management of large affairs. (Applause.) And I venture to say that Mr. Whitman to-night would freely say that one of the great fundamentals of his success was the fact that early in life he had the broad vision to recognize that he could not bring these great results ^^ut alone, but must have the intimate cooperation of faithful 'co-laborers, and I happen to know personally several of his intimate co-laborers and can testify to the wisdom and the breadth of mind of William Whitman. (Applause.) Some one has said that only those who are superior to or the equals of a man can truly appreciate his worth and greatness, and I am not sure that a very ready confession of the fact that very few of us are able to truly appreciate the greatness of Mr. Whitman in the industrial world and as a citizen is a confession of weakness on our part but rather a confession of strength, for in that confession may we not go back to our various vocations determined to apply all the systems and principles of efficiency that will make us better men in whatever calling we are, and above all better citizens of our state and our nation. (Great applause.) 26 27 ■ir The Toastmaster. — I hark back to my original sugges- tion of the three great interests represented here : Whitman, capital, labor. The greatest of these is labor. Lawrence is a very beehive of industry. What Mr. Whit- man's relations are to the laboring population of that city and to that whole neighborhood who shall tell us so well aa its chief magistrate. Mayor Cahill ? (Applause.) Mayor Cahill is one of the young leaders of our Massachusetts munici- palities. (Applause.) HON. JOHN T. CAHILL. ' Mr. Toastmaster, Benefactor op Lawrence, and Gentlemen : In rising to address you I feel very much like saying what little Willie said his Ma was accustomed to say in the morning. One evening as the nurse was about to put Willie to bed, having prepared him, he jumped immediately into bed and covered himself up with the bed clothes. The nurse said, "Willie, haven't you forgotten something?" He said, " No, nurse, I don't know of anything I have for- gotten." " Why," she said, "you have forgotten to say your prayers." Willie said, " Oh, yes. And what prayer shall I say?nurse ? " She said, " Say that pretty little prayer that 1 taught you, ' Now I lay me down to sleep.' " And Willie said, " I don't want to say that prayer, nurse. I'd rather say the one Ma says in the morning when I go in and wake her up." The nurse said, "What does she say, Willie?" "Well," he said, " she puts her arms over her head and says, ' Oh, Lord, have I got to get up ? '" (Laughter and applause.) Whenever I am invited to speak in Boston I always come prepared, because I never wish to have the city of Lawrence subjected to such an arraignment as I once heard the Athens of America subjected to. A friend from the other side came over here and passed through different cities of our country, and one night at a club in London after his return home he made the remark that the Americans did not use very good English. An American who was present said, " Did you go to Boston ? " « Oh," said he, " it was in Boston that I formed my opinion." (Laughter.) The American said, " Would you please give me an example of what was said in Boston that led you to believe that they do not speak good English in the Hub of the Universe ? " and he replied, " Why, I heard a man, a very intelligent appearing man at that, say, ' Where am I at?'" (Laughter.) The American said, "Well, what would you say ? " He said, " I would say ' Where is my 'at ? ' " (Renewed laughter.) In the valley of the Merrimac we are noted principally for two things : the flow of cloth from the loom and the flow of eloquence from the vocal cords. I wish to curtail the flow of eloquence to-night, so I have assigned to myself, notwith- standing the courtesy of the Toastmaster, five minutes instead of ten. A GREAT victory OF PEACE. I have the honor to represent here this evening the city of Lawrence, and the pleasure to state that the great hive of industry on the banks of the Merrimac owes everything to the brains, energy, and confidence of men who pushed for- ward, regardless of obstacles, to the goal of all human endeavor — success. Success attained varies in value. The breached and battered walls of capitulated Fort Sumter spelled success. The riddled " Alabama," sleeping beneath the sea off Cherbourg, spelled success. The flag of the rammed and sunken " Cumberland " floating at the main mast-head above Virginia's waters marked success. The fleets, acting under the direction of an eminent son of Massachusetts, achieved a grand success at Santiago and Manila Bay. They were the successes of waf, and success in war means destruction — destruction justified by necessity perhaps, but begotten of wrath nevertheless. Glory and fame halo the deeds of the warrior and history records the successes and failures of imperators and captains who slay to save a cause more or less worthy, but there are successes unalloyed with the element of destruction. They are the successes of peace, successes creative in essence and consummated without discord, such as those which have come after years of earnest endeavor and prolonged exertion to him in whose honor we are 'i\ J A mn 28 assembled here to-night. In contemplating his work I am reminded of a great, intensely humane, military commander who attended to the manifold duties of his station so well that everything worked with precision and everything . accomplished revealed the master mind. *• In and out of whose tent all day long to and fro The messengers come and the messengers go On missions of mercy, on errands of toil To tell how the sapper contends with the soil ; In the terrible trench ; how the sick man is faring, In the hospital tent, and combining, comparing, constructing, Within, mores the brain of one man moving all." The brain of one man moving all ! How often have I thought, while viewing the Arlington Mills in operation, that behind all the concentrated energy a master mind was at work; the constructor, the builder, the producer, the architect, not only of the factory, the industrial plant, but of hundreds of homes erected and maintained by recom- pensed labor, in a locality which was only a pasture land until he came to vivify and vitalize it. (Applause.) " WILLIAM THE GOOD." I was raised within a stone's throw of the Arlington MiUs. I have been familiar for years with the name of Whitman, and the tribute I come to pay to-night is from the heart, the tribute of the burgomaster to one who merits praise because of good deeds and honest endeavor. I am the bearer of a message, as well as a tribute. The tribute is mine straight from the heart. The message ^ from the people I have the honor to represent. (Applause.) The people of Lawrence have one desire and one hope expressed in three little words of the utmost importance — work and wages. They a^k nothing more ; they expect nothing less. There are fifty-four different nationalities in the melting pot by the Merrimac ; in the matter of tongues Lawrence is a Babel. There is one great 'essential for peace and prosperity — employment. Whatever may be the aims and aspirations of other localities this may be set down as a fact : Lawrence 29 wants work and plenty of work. We have no natural resources other than our water power ; our very life depends on the success of our industrial establishments and the energy and intelligence of men interested in the textUe industry. It is but natural that we should have a strong affection for such a man as William Whitman, who not content with developing the Arlington Mills has given other evidences of his good will towards our municipality and whose latest addition to our wealth, the Merino ^Mill, would be sufficient to entitle him to the appellation *' William the Good " were he not already good and great. (Applause.) I feel that there must be much good in Lawrence — that her destiny is greatness — when good men have confidence enough in the municipality to invest millions and millions more within her confines. I hope to see the day when the names of her great benefactors shall be engraved in the Book of Gold. Among them future generations will be sure to find the name of our friend and patron, the constructive genius, William Whitman. (Great applause.) The Toastmaster. — After five minutes of eloquent manuscript what would we not give for five minutes of eloquent extemporaneous speech ? Eloquence is as natural to an Irishman as the glitter of a dewdrop to the morning sun. (Applause.) Do not forget that this splendid meeting is due for its success largely to the committee of arrangements, the chair- man of which is your associate member, Mr. Hopewell. He is not only going to give us a few words, but he is going to do what no other orator has done, accompany them with illustrations. (Applause.) MR. JOHN HOPEWELL. Mb. Toastmaster : The next on the program will proba- bly be a surprise to our friend Mr. Whitman. We propose to give you an optical demonstration of a part of our friend's work. iini 30 31 It is often asserted that all creations in the world are mental. A brick mill does not have much mental character to the ordinary looker on, yet no mill was ever built that was not first conceived and built in some fertile and active brain, and in nearly all its perfection was clearly marked out before a brick was laid. The little that one man can personally accomplish in these days would scarcely make a ripple on the surface of commercial trade. The inventive and initiative mind of a well balanced man is the greatest blessing to mankind, and especially to its pos- sessor if he has faith in himself and the necessary courage and ability to execute his ideas in a business project. To draw men to him, to inspire them with his views and aspira- tions, his hope, courage, and steadfastness, in good times and bad, he must be a leader of men. Such is our friend Mr. Whitman. In fact, such a man must be an optimist, an idealist of the best type, also a seer who can forecast the future and allow no circumstances to discourage him. Few men have these requisites in as large a degree as our friend Whitman. We will now show you on the canvas some lantern slides which will illustrate what Mr. Whitman has been able to accomplish in upbuilding the woolen and cotton industries of our Commonwealth, — cotton and woolen, — and in building towns and cities in waste places, giving work, the greatest blessing to mankind, to thousands of people. Some have criticised, but we have met to praise and to give credit to his strength of character while he is still alive. / This is better than erecting monuments to him after he is dead. It is a small reward to him, and will do us more good than it will him. So we honor and greet to-night one who had confidence to build the mills that you will see and faith to believe that the country would sustain him and his successors in manufac- turing the textiles, cotton and woolen, needed by the great American people. Mr. Whitman is president of five of probably the largest industries in the world, and we will present to you on the ] canvas pictures of these mills. First come the Arlington Mills, with a capital of 18,000,000. Then come the Manomet Mills, with a capital of 12,000,000, the Nashawena Mills, with a capital of '18,000,000, the Nonquitt Spinning Com- pany, with a capital of 12,400,000, the Monomac Spinning Company, with a capital of f 750,000, — a grand total of 116,150,000, with employees numbering 13,625, with a weekly wage of $121,750 and an annual payroll aggregating $6,331,000. The machinery in the above mills will consume annually 75,000 bales of cotton and 60,000,000 pounds of wool, and as we said before, the payroll is $6,000,000. When I read a few of these figures to one of the leading citizens of Boston recently, he said, " Is that true ? Well, that's going some." We think it is going some. It reminds me of a story bf a man who was trying to sell some horses. He brought out one that was coming, another that had been. He said, " Gentlemen, I want no horse that has been. I want no horse that is coming, I want an i8-er." Mr. Whitman is still an iVer. And now we propose to demonstrate to you on the canvas what he has been able to stimulate, guide and direct in this great Commonwealth of Massachusetts. (The diners were then shown stereopticon views of the five mills which Mr. Hopewell had just referred to, a table showing the number of employees, the payrolls, etc., and a portrait of the guest of the evening.) The Toastmaster. — Gentlemen, while this dinner is given to Mr. Whitman in honor of his retirement as Presi- dent of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers, it is by no means his retirement from business, in which he will still remain an active and potential factor. (Applause.) I trust that he will long remain so. Everything points to it. Though born in Nova Scotia his ancestry had their home in our own dear Commonwealth, in the near town of Weymouth. His venerable father, now rounding out one hundred yeara, still lives. (Applause.) It is a long lived race. As you 32 33 will see from his picture, he is an eternal youth. I don't know why it should remind me, but it does remind me of that very old story of the man who, hearing of a centenarian, went to his house and finding a venerable personage congratu- lated him upon his years. The reply was, " Oh, no, it isn't I that you want to see, it is my father. He is with my son out in the hay field hard at work.*' I present to you not the father, but the son, who is still in the hay field hard at work (applause), our honored guest of the evening, Mr. William Whitman. (Three cheers for Mr. Whitman, every one rising.) MR. WILLIAM WHITMAN. Mr. Toastmaster, Invited Guests and Gentlemen : I find it difficult to put into language an expression of my feelings on this occasion. I only wish that I deserved the encomiums given me to-night. It is exceedingly gratifying to have such an expression of confidence. I remember many years ago speaking to the then President of the Arlington MiUs, Mr. Joseph Nickerson, whom some of the older men present remember well. It was in the early days of the company, when we were struggling. I didn't know much about the business, I felt uncomfortable and uneasy, and I said to him, " Captain, are you satisfied with my work ?" He turned and looked at me and said, " I had not supposed that you were a little boy that needed to be patted on the back. If I had not been satisfied I would have told you 80." My experience teaches me, however, that there is no man, no matter how strong and self-reliant he may be, who does not at times appreciate the commendation of his fellows. I am afraid that it is characteristic of our people to refrain from giving expression to all that they feel, and to have such expressions as have been given to-night touches me very deeply. As I said before, I only wish that I deserved them. (Voices : " You do," and applause.) I thank you, gentlemen, for tendering me such a high compliment, and I thank the President, the Toastmaster, and the gentlemen who have addressed you for their kindly, friendly, and appreciative I expressions. I regret that the completion of the portrait tendered me by the National Association of Wool Manufacturers, to which you, Mr. President, referred in your address, has been delayed by my recent illness and that some friends are disappointed that it cannot be presented to-night. My grateful acknowl- edgments for the testimonial will be offered later. Some friends have suggested that instead of delivering a formal address this evening it would be more appropriate for the occasion, and perhaps more interesting to you, if I talked somewhat informally about my personal experiences in con- nection with the development of the textile industries. In complying with this suggestion I must confess to being oppressed with the feeling that I may not succeed in interest- ing you, and indulging in personal reminiscences lays one open to the charge of becoming old. There are relatively few boys beginning the work of life so circumstanced that they are free to make choice of a voca- tion. Necessity compels securing such employment as may be obtained for a livelihood, without reference to special fitness for the work. When some great dominating predilec- tions exist, an industrious and ambitious young man often succeeds in bursting the bonds of his environment and finds his natural and therefore most efficient sphere of labor. Most of us, however, drift through life, and there are conse- quently more misfits than fits in every vocation. In order to give evidence as an expert one must qualify as to fitness. Few men have had quite so varied an experience in connection with textiles as myself. I have always been identified either directly or indirectly with them, and my present work in life as a merchant and manufacturer is undoubtedly a natural outgrowth of early environment. My earliest recollections are of the farm upon which I lived during the first six years of my life. The next six years' experiences belong about equally to my grandfather's farm and to my father's village store. On the farm I became familiar not only with sheep husbandry but with the wool * I m ■A I 34 manufacture as a household industry for family clothing — an industry which embraced all the processes used, such as cleaning the wool, hand carding, spinning, dyeing, and hand- loom weaving. Memory of the cumbrous hand loom in my great-grandmother's kitchen, and of the good lady herself when one hundred years of age engaged in knitting woolen stockings, is still vivid. The seaside vilhige store was an excellent training school. I know of none better for a boy. There one could learn in a limited but practical way the comparative values of the products of the factory, of the soil, and of the sea, and the nature of exchanges. But whether on the farm, in the village store, or in my home, I was expected to lend a help- ing hand. The expectation fitted in with my inclinations, for I think that during my whole life I have enjoyed work. This training was such that I was delegated to load a vessel to come to Boston when I was eleven years old, and was fortunate in obtaining the consent of my mother, who had perhaps more confidence in me than some others, to come to Boston alone under the care of the captain. That was the first time that I saw this beautiful city. At the age of twelve I left home alone and for the next two years was employed by a wliolesale and retail dry goods firm in St. John, New Brunswick. During this period I had the advantage of excellent training, and of varied employ- ment such as seldom falls to the lot of a boy. First in the counting room under an accomplished accountant ; in addi- tion to the routine work belonging to an ofiice boy I became a good rapid penman and quick and accurate at figures. There was hardly any kind of work about the business that I did not assist in performing and with which I was not per- fectly familiar. When there was no work in the wholesale department in the spring of 1856 I was transferred to the retail department and acted as a salesman behind the counter. There I acquired a knowledge of all kinds of textile fabrics that were used in that country, all of which were imported from other countries. In fact, even at that early age I might have 35 used the language which Henry Kingsley puts into the mouth of Mrs. Arnaud : " From my knowledge of textile fabrics I could hanff myself in my stockings dexterously." Possibly before the evening is over I may be guilty of some such act. ^ o j Little events often change the current of men's lives. In those days there were no saleswomen. The retail salesmen were for the most part full grown, highly trained men, obtamed from England, Scotland, and the north of Ireland One of these men, without provocation, violently kicked me. I left the store at once and could not be persuaded to return. I had determined to come to Boston, and to Boston I came alone in the early summer of 1856 at the age of fourteen. Ihe overt act had clinched the decision. For the first and only time in my life I solicited employ- ment and was fortunate in securing it with the firm of James M. Beebe, Richardson & Co., then the leading whole- sale dry goods importing and jobbing firm in the United states. My first work began almost immediately upon enter- ing the store, but it was found necessary, because I was so small at that time, to build a platform for me to stand on in order that I might carry on the work. The firm name was soon changed to James M. Beebe & Co. I remained with the house for about eleven years, or until it went out of existence being the last person in its employ. I began as an entry clerk, but was rapidly promoted from one position to another until I became confidential clerk and general office manager. Some time prior to the close of the Civil War Messra. Beebe & Co. retired from the importing and jobbing busi- ness and engaged in the wholesale dry goods commission business, becoming the selling agents for several corpora, tions manufacturing ginghams, prints, delaines, spool cotton, and woolen cloths, a part of which business was taken over from the old firm of A. & A. Lawrence & Co. when it went out of business. It may be of interest to you to know that from the firm 36 of James M. Beebe & Co. came many really prominent busi- ness men. Just prior to my entering their employ Mr. Junius S. Morgan, who had been a partner, left the firm to become a partner with George Peabody & Co., the great American-London bankers. Mr. Levi P. Morton, now living and an associate on the board of directors of the Equitable Life Assurance Society, was also a partner of Mr. Beebe prior to that time. Mr. Ebeu D. Jordan, to whom I will refer later, had also been in the employ of Mr. Beebe. Coming down to more recent times, Mr. Cornelius N. Bliss was connected with that firm, and the late Mr. George F. Fabyan also, both of them being in the employ of the firm when I went there in 1856. I wish here to express my grateful recognition of the high character and ability of the gentlemen with whom it has been my good fortune to be associated during my business life. They were and are gentlemen who bring honor to the name of the American manufacturer and merchant. In the early part of 1867 I formed a connection with Robert M. Bailey & Co., who were then selling agents of the Arlington Woolen Mills, the name of which was after- wards changed to Arlington Mills. At about the same time I was elected to the treasurership of this corporation. When the honored Mayor of Lawrence addressed you to-night it was with great difficulty that I could realize it to be possible that I became treasurer of that corporation before the gentle- man was born. The original mill had been destroyed by fire the previous year and the new mill was in course of construction. It was intended for a shirting flannel mill, but the owners decided to engage in the manufacture of women's and children's dress goods made with cotton warp and worsted filling. I have been connected with this concern in various capacities from that time to the present with the exception of about six months in 1869. During that inter- mission I became part owner of a mill at Ashland, N.H., manufacturing fancy shirting flannels. It was not until 1888 that I engaged in mercantile business on my own account. On the first of January of that year I entered the 37 firm of Harding, Colby & Company, and my firm became the selling agents of the Arlington Mills. A little more than a year later Mr. Colby died, and in December, 1889, the firm was succeeded by the firm of Harding, Whitman & Company, of which I became the managing partner, and on July 1, 1909, it was succeeded by the present firm of William' Whitman & Company. In 1895 I became interested in the cotton manufacturing in New Bedford, beginning with the Whitman Mills and continuing with the Manomet Mills, Nonquitt Spinning Company, and Nashawena Mills. In 1910 I engaged in building a worsted and merino spin- ning plant in Lawrence which is just completed. It will prob- ably be incorporated under the title of "Monomac Spinning Company." In 1909 I became interested in building a cotton mill at Calhoun Falls, S.C. The chairman of your committee has exhibited upon the screen nearly all the different enterprises with which I have been and am now connected. The firm of William Whitman & Company act as selling agents for all of the mills shown upon the canvas. It is generally supposed that I have been exclusively connected with the woolen manufacture ; as a matter of fact, my interests in the cotton manufacture are greater than those in woolen. So much by way of qualification for talking to you with some degree of familiarity with the development of the textHe industry during the past fifty-seven years. This slight sketch exhibits a rather striking contrast to recent pictures that have appeared in some public prints. In 1856 Boston was the center of the cotton and wool textile industries of the country, both as to the manufacture and as to distribution. It also enjoyed the prestige of being the most prominent of the dry goods jobbing cities. Twice a year from every quarter buyers came to it. During the busy seasons the packing rooms of my employers were filled with miscellaneous goods for shipment. Traveling salesmen were not then employed. 38 m The buyers of that day or their successors have long since outgrown their original sources of supply in textiles, and their business greatly exceeds in magnitude that of those of whom they formerly bought. The methods of distribution have been revolutionized. Boston failed to maintain its supremacy as a manufacturing and distributing center because its capital and efforts were turned to other channels of development which, unfortunately, were regarded with greater favor than the textile business. During the last decade, however, a marked change favorable to textile indus- tries has taken place in the attitude of Boston investors. At that period the woolen industry has been established for more than half a century, the factory system of the cotton industiy for more than forty years and some minor branches of the silk industry had been in existence for many years. The manufacture of ingrain carpets began as early as 1842, of Wilton, Brussels and tapestry carpets in 1845, all under the patents of that most remarkable genius, Mr. Erastus B. Bigelow. The successful manufacture of ginghams with power looms was established as early as 1850 at the Lancaster Mills under Mr. Bigelow's supervision, though begun a few years earlier, but the development of textile industries, how- ever, had been comparatively slow and had been confined to the coarsest and commonest kinds of goods. The following is an interesting statement in the " Boston Transcript " of March 3, 1869, of an interview with Mr. Eben D. Jordan, founder of Jordan, Marsh Company, one of the ablest and most progressive merchants of his time : The firm has now been in business more than eighteen years. When they began there were but one or two articles, outside the plain, cotton fabrics, in their trade that were not obtained from abroad. Now, but one-tenth of their entire stock yearly sold passes through the Custom House and that is composed of the highest range of goods not sought for by the people at large. Mr. Jordan's experience, gathered from repeated visits to distant markets, leads him to confidently believe that ere long America will depend entirely upon her own industry to clothe the masses of her people and will eventually command her share of the trade of the world. 39 A large part of this prophecy has been abundantly verified. America now out of her own industry does clothe the masses of her people. Although statistical information is necessarily inadequate to any proper description of growth, 3^et the following summarized statement, compiled from the census report of 1905, conveys some comprehensive idea of the development in textiles from 1860 to 1905. The total capital invested in the United States in com- bined textiles in 1860 was 1150,080,852 and the total value of the products was $214,740,614. The total capital invested in the United States in combined textiles in 1905 was $1,343,324,605 and the total value of the products was 11,215,036,792. In 1905, therefore, the capital employed was about nine times that employed in 1860 and the value of the products in 1905 was about six times the value of those in 1860. From 1905 to 1910 the increase has relatively been very much greater than at any corresponding period. A few illustrations may better serve to show the magni- tude of the growth of textile industries. Our annual pro- duction of raw cotton has more than quadrupled since 1856. It is now about two-thirds of the commercial supply of the world. Our annual consumption of raw cotton is now about seven times the quantity consumed in 1856, and is greater than that of any other country, and equivalent to about the consumption of Great Britain and Germany com- bined. There are in operation in our country to-day about six times as many cotton spindles as there were in 1860, or about one-fourth of the world's total number of cotton spindles. The most noteworthy development has been in the cotton growing States. In 1860 there were in operation in those States only 324,052 cotton spindles. These have increased to 10,801,494 spindles in 1910 — a number about thirty-three times as large as that of 1860. These cotton growing States use in their manufacture more cotton than do the New Eng- land States, and about one-half of all that is used in the United States. Massachusetts has rather more than two and I II J) 40 one-half times as many spindles as any other State, and uses about two times as much cotton. South Carolina ranks second in number of spindles and third in amount of cotton consumed. North Carolina ranks third in number of spindles and second in quantity consumed. Nearly all of the won- derful development of the cotton manufacture in cotton growing States has taken place in the last twenty years. Possibly no more striking illustrations in the development of the cotton manufacture in New England, within my experience, are to be found than in the cities of Fall River and New Bedford. In 1856 there were only four small cot- ton manufacturing companies in Fall River, established respectively in 1814, 1822, 1825, and 1853, with a com- paratively small number of spindles. To-day this is one of the two largest cotton manufacturing cities in the country. New Bedford furnishes even a more striking example. The evolution from the whaling to the cotton industry began in that city in 1847, when the Wamsutta Mills was incorporated. In 1856 this corporation had only 30,000 spindles and 600 looms, and not until 1860 was there an increase of 15,000 spindles made. It was not until 1870 that there was further mill construction begun in that city. There are now about 3,000,000 spindles in New Bedford. The great increase has been during the past sixteen years, and naturally I feel some degree of satisfaction in the fact that my associates and myself have been the means of con- tributing during that period about one-sixth of the entire spindleage of that city. (Applause.) It is questionable whether during the past fifty-five years there have been any inventions involving new principles of textile machinery. The improvement in the practical effi- ciency of the machinery, however, has been marvelous. The speed of the cotton spinning spindle has been increased from about 6,000 to say 9,000 turns per minute — I am not speak- ing of excessive speeds but ordinary speeds — and the speed at which all other cotton machinery is operated has been correspondingly increased. In 1816 in Waltham a weaver on a plain cotton cloth 41 operated only one loom at a relatively low speed. I have been unable to determine the exact speed, but probably somewhere from 80 to 100 picks per minute. In 1850 a weaver operated four looms at a much higher speed. When the Northrop automatic loom was introduced in 1895, a weaver operated eight looms at a still higher speed. To-day •a weaver operates from sixteen to twenty-four automatic looms on ordinary cotton cloth, the number of looms and the speed at which they are run varying according to the width and the character of the cloth. In a paper carefully pre- pared by Mr. E. B. Bigelow in 1851,— and, by the way, I look upon Mr. Bigelow as one of the greatest men that ever lived in Massachusetts, — it was stated that the number of spindles per opei-ative in a new gray cloth weaving mill at that time was fifty-nine ; in an up-to-date mill making similar goods, I consider 125 spindles per operative to be a fair number. • It may be said that improvements in machinery and various mechanical devices connected with it and in connec- tion with mill engineering skill, have made the labor of operatives in cotton cloth three times as efficient in 1911 as it was in 1856, and yet all these inventions and improvements were fought by the laboring man, fearing that they would drive him out of employment. In the early days of our textile industries we were told that because of the quality of the water, of climatic and other conditions, it would not be possible for American manufacturers to bleach, color, or print their fabrics as well as it was done abroad. Such art:atements were generally believed, and naturally accentuated existing prejudices against American fabrics. What has been accomplished must have disappointed these unbelievers. Within a few days one of the oldest and best merchants in this city, an importer of foreign goods all his life, declared to me in emphatic terms that our fine cotton fabrics of to-day, in perfection of manufacture, in design, in the bleaching, coloring, printing, and finishing were equal to any goods of similar grade produced in any part of the world. If 42 This is true, however, not only of cotton fabrics, but equally so of textiles made of wool, or of silk, or of combinations of cotton, wool, and silk. The last half century has witnessed a marvelous growth in the domestic silk manufacture ; greater relatively than in any of the other textiles. One cannot go into details, but this growth can be gauged by the quantity of raw silk consumed in 1860, viz., 462,965 pounds, with the quantity consumed in 1909, viz., 20,270,000 pounds. Therefore the con- sumption in 1909 was more than forty-three times the quantity consumed in 1860, or more than one-fifth of the world's production. The United States ranks second only to China in the quantity of raw silk consumed. In addition to this, there was consumed 882,000 pounds of artificial silk, a comparatively new product developed under foreign patents issued as late as 1885. The foreign value of the imports of raw silk for the calendar year 1910 was $71,136,698. The art of wool manufactuiing in its present varied and attractive aspects is altogether a modern development in the United States. Up to the Civil War the industry had found only a precarious foothold, and all branches of the industry at that time were confined to what appear to us now as cheap and inferior goods. Dr. John L. Hayes in a speech delivered in Philadelphia in 1865, said : " To our shame be it spoken all our flags are grown, spun, woven, and dyed in England. On the last Fourth of July the proud American ensigns which floated over every national ship, post, and fort, and every patriotic home flaunted forth upon the breeze the industrial dependence of America on England." In this address he spoke also of an association of patriotic ladies formed in Washington in the gloomiest days of the Civil War, who pledged themselves to wear nothing but American fabrics and were surprised and mortified to discover the extremely meager range of suitable dress goods of native production. Nathaniel Stevens began the manufacture of wool flannels — this is a bit personal — in North Andover in 1813, with a small mill containing four sets of forty-inch cards. Abraham 43 Marland also began the manufacture of flannels and blankets at about the same time. Grandsons of Mr. Stevens are present to-night, and they now operate the mills established by their grandfather, although producing different goods, and greatly enlarged. A great-grandson of Mr. Marland is also present. He is the Treasurer of the Arlington Mills, a corporation engaged in manufacturing the class of goods which his great-uncles were the first in the country to undertake. The following abstract of Mr. Marland's testimony before the Committee on Manufactures at the first session of the twentieth Congress on January 23, 1828, is interesting and instructive as showing the condition of the industry at that time : He stated that the pounds of wool manufactured by him were : 1826 34,000 Ibfl. 1826 34,000 •« 1827 61,000 " and that in 1825 one-half of the wool was imported ; in 1826, one-fourth ; and in 1827 none was imported. It is interesting to note, by way of comparison, that the Arlington Mills could now comb in four hours the quantity of wool which Mr. Hobbs' greatgrandfather manufactured in one year. The capital invested was $42,000, but part of the property was leased. The sales in 1827 were about $40,000. The number of hands was 70 ; the men earned $6 per week ; the women $2.25 to $2.50 per week ; boys and girls 8 to 12 yeai-s old $1.50 per week. The hours of labor were 72 per week ; now they are 56, soon to be 54. In Mr. Marland's testimony he speaks of the fact that no worsted goods were made in the United States and that the English attempted to keep the sheep that grew " combing wools " exclusively at home. The worsted branch of the woolen industry in our country had its origin in 1845 at Ballardvale, Mass. The first goods to be manufactured were an imitation of the French muslin delaine but using a cotton warp instead of a woi-sted warp. The attempt was made by Mr. John Marland in a limited > 44 way. The wool used was combed by hand. The under- taking proved a failure, but in 1853 the first Pacific Mill was built for the avowed purpose of manufacturing worsted dress goods for women's wear, and more especially for the manu- facture of cotton warp muslin delaines, which were then being extensively imported into the United States from Great Britain. To this corporation belongs the honor of importing the firat wool combing machine into this country, the impor- tation being made in 1853 and the manufacture of the goods beginning in 1854. This same machinery had been used, however, in England for five or ten years prior to this period. The Pacific Mills imported six Lister combing machines, and the first goods that were produced were printed by printing machines, at that time a departure from the block system of printing that had been in vogue. The first treasurer of the Pacific Mills was Mr. Jeremiah S. Young, who had been previously associated with Mr. John Marland. He was a brother-in-law of Mr. Marland and a son-in-law of Mr. Abraham Marland. From this small beginning the city of Lawrence has become the greatest wool combing city in the United States. It is estimated that its present combing capacity is in excess of 135,000,000 pounds of greasy wool per year. The class of women's dress goods then manufactured has long since given way to goods of an entirely different charac- ter, showing a great advance in the art. The women's dress goods and goods of similar character now manufactured in the United States are in every respect equal to the best productions of similar grades of any country, and in many respects they are vastly superior. There is hardly any ser- viceable article of woman's wearing apparel that is not the product of American looms. These products are not only more serviceable but cheaper than foreign goods. The greatest development in the woolen industry, however, has been in the production of what are known as worsted fabrics for men's wear. It is somewhat difficult to fix the exact date when American manufacturers began the making of such goods, but it was at some time subsequent to 1867 — 45 subsequent to the time when I became treasurer of the Arlington Mills — and undoubtedly they were produced almost simultaneously by two or three different manufac- turers. From the very beginning of the manufacture of worsted men's wear goods it has been predicted that such fabrics would diminish in popularity, but as a matter of fact with each succeeding year for more than forty years they have become relatively more and more popular, and have displaced to a large extent woolen fabrics that had been previously made. It does not follow, however, that what are known as worsted fabrics will displace what are known as woolen fabrics, because in the very nature of things many classes of worsted fabrics fail to meet requirements which can be suc- cessfully met with what are known as woolen fabrics. Each branch of the woolen industry has its proper functions and opportunity. The future development of all branches of the industry will be governed by the character of the wools produced incident to the best methods of sheep husbandry. The wool combing machine almost universally used in the United States is known as the Noble combing machine. It was invented and put upon the market very soon after the Lister comb, and has practically displaced it. The first machine was brought into this country, I think to Philadel- phia, in 1867. This combing machine has been improved from time to time so that it can comb to equal advantage all classes of wools, and has practically changed the classification of wools, for the short as well as the long wools can be combed by the machine. The growth of the combed wool industry has necessitated the combing of what has been known from the beginning of the industry in this country as fine clothing wool, so that the distinctions of clothing and combing wools have lost much of their former significance. The wastes and by-products that come from the combing wool industry are best adapted to be worked up in what is known as the carded industry. No invention within the last one hundred years has done so much to revolutionize the woolen industry, and to 46 improve its character, as the wool-combing machine, and this applies to every branch of the industry — to wearing apparel of men, women, and children, and to all fabrics for furnish- ing and decorative purposes. And the cotton comb in later days has accomplished for cotton the same results that the wool comb has accomplished in wool. It is evident that the trend of the whole textile manu- facture is toward finer and lighter weight fabrics, this with- out regard to the nature of the materials used. Not only this, but with every year the demand for better goods increases. Goods that were salable when I became interested in manufacturing would not be salable now. The cost of making up garments has a marked influence upon using better materials. Of course there are exceptional cases and exceptional periods, but it is recognized that it is cheaper for the consumer to buy better cloths for garments or garments made of better cloths. They are handsomer in appearance^ more serviceable in wear, and therefore cheaper in the end. I know that the opposite of this has been exploited in the press and has been generally believed, and particularlj'^ so in reference to woolen and worsted fabrics, but what I state to you is the truth and is confirmed by the preliminary report issued a few weeks ago by the Bureau of the Census. The American people are wearing better goods than ever before. (Applause.) I have presented a most incomplete and imperfect sketch of fifty-five years of textile development, but the proprieties of the occasion have necessitated many limitations. The textiles of to-day are more than necessities. Were we to look upon them only as such we should fail to realize their value. Were clothing confined to the absolute necessities of covering the body and securing warmth but little more would be required than has been the heritage of man from time immemorial. The advance in the art of textile manufacture has brought within the reach of the masses of our people the enjoyment of comforts, adornments, refinements, and luxuries which in early days were not obtainable even by the opulent. They have up-builded home life by making it beautiful and 47 attractive. The possibilities, not the necessities of life, stimulate textile production to-day. I believe in the greatest possible diversification of national industries, and that any industry in which a unit of labor will produce as much in our country as in a foreign country should be encouraged. I believe that the welfare of our country will be promoted by the fullest development of textile industries. I believe also that from their very nature the prosecution of these and kindred industries appeals especially to New England skill and enterprise for the employment of her people. Full employment insures prosperity. The future is full of hope. The achievements of the past will prove to be but fore-runners of the greater things to come, and I hope as long as health and strength will permit to con- tinue to perform my part in this great work. And now, my friends, in closing permit me to say that I hope that all of the choicest of God's blessings may be with you. (Prolonged applause.) The Toastmaster. — The evening is over. Mr. Hopewell. — I propose three cheers for William Whitman. (The cheers were given enthusiastically, and the gathering then dispersed.) LIST OF THOSE PRESENT. Those who were present at the dinner, with others, were ADAMS, SAMUEL G. ADIE, ANDREW ANDERSON, THOMAS F. AVERY, CHARLES F. AVERY, ELISHA L. AYER, NATHANIEL F. BABCOCK, FREDERIC L. BACON, CARL K. BAER, LOUIS BAILEY, JAMES R., Jr. BAKER, D. I. BALL, THOMAS H. BARBOUR, WILLIAM BARCLAY, C. H. BARRELL, WILLIAM L. BARRY, CHARLES T. BARTLETT, GERRY B. BATEMAN, W. R. BATES, JACOB P. BATTISON, WILLIAM J. BEEBE, JUNIUS BEMIS, A. FARWELL BENEDICT, GEORGE W. BENN, HARRISON I 48 49 BENSON. CLARENCE E. BINN8, JOHN H. BIRCH, ALBERT BLISS, H. W. BLODGETT. ISAAC D. BODFISH, C. J. BOOTHMAN, JAMES BRADFORD, HARRY P. BRADLEE, ARTHUR T. BRADLEE, EDWARD C. BREMER, 8. PARKER BROCK, GEORGE E. BROWER, H. V. BROWN, H. MARTIN BROWN, JACOB F. BROWN, S. O. BULLARD, GEORGE E. BURGESS, ROBERT BURR, I. TUCKER BURTON, JOHN L. BUTLER, A. C. BUTLER, WILLIAM M. BUTTERWORTH, HARRY W. CAHILL, JOHN T. CAMPION, RICHARD CARPENTER, F. H. CARROLL, V. E. CHAMBERLAIN, ALBERT H. CHASE, FREDERIC A. CHAVE, WILLIAM G. CHISHOLM. HUGH J. CLARK, C. H. CLARK, FREDERIC S. CLARKE, ALBERT CLEMENS, JAMES CLEXTON, THOMAS J. COBURN, JAMES E. COCHRANE, JOHN COGGESHALL, JOHN W. COGSWELL, GEORGE S. COLEMAN, CORNELIUS A. COOK, EDWARD H. CORDINGLEY, W. R. CORR, PETER H. COUSENS, LYMAN M. COX, ARTHUR M. CRIMMINS, THOMAS A. CROSS, C. F. CROSS, EDWARD M. CROSS, JAMES F. CROWE, THOMAS F. CUMMINGS, WILLARD H. CUMNOCK, A. 0. CUMNOCK, J. W. CURRIER, ANDREW J. CURRIER, WILLARD A. CURTIS, LOUIS CUSHING, LIVINGSTON CUTLER, GRANVILLE K. DAMON, JOS. N. DANKER, DANIEL J. DAVIS, CHARLES B. DAVIS, LIVINGSTON DAVIS, PHILIP A. DAY, FRANK A. DAY, WILLIAM A. DEARING, FRANK H. DE NORMANDIE, PHILIP Y. DEXTER, HENRY C. DOAK, JAMES G. DONALD, DOUGLAS DONHAM, WALLACE B. DOOLEY, WILLIAM H. DORR, E. H. DOTY, GEORGE H. DRAPER, CLARE H. DRAPER, EBEN S. DRAPER, GEORGE A. DUMAINE, FREDERIC C. DUNCAN, ALBERT GREENE DUTCHER, FRANK J. DYSART, ROBERT J. EAGLES, HENRY H. T. EDDY, A. H. EHRLICH, ADOLPH EISEMANN, JULIUS ELLIOTT, A. W. EMERSON, HENRY D. EMERSON, MILLARD F. EMERY, ALLAN C. EVERETT, HENRY C. FABYAN, FRANCIS W. FAIRBANKS, CHARLES F. FARNSWORTH, WILLIAM FARWELL, JOHN W. FENNO, JOHN A. FILLEBROWN, C. B. FIRTH, WILLIAM FISH. CHARLES H. FISLER, JOHN FITCH, EZRA C. FITCH, LOUIS H. FLATHER, FREDERICK A. FLETCHER, H. H. FORSTMANN, JULIUS FOSTER, HAMILTON S. FOYE, E. ELMER FREEMAN, FREDERIC W. FRENCH, GEORGE GARDINER, ROBERT H. GARDNER, ARNOLD C. GARDNER, WILLIAM B. GASTON, WILLIAM A. GILL, A. E. GLEASON, ALFRED D. GLEDHILL, ELI GOFF, DARIUS GOFF, D. L. GOFF, LYMAN B. GOODALL, GEORGE B. GORDON, EDWIN A. GRAHAM, JOHN M. GRANT, GEORGE P., Jr. GRANT, LINCOLN GREENE, EDWIN FARNHAM GREW, HENRY S. GRUNDY, JOSEPH R. HAIG, DAVID A. HALE, FRANK J. HALL, WILLIAM E. HALLETT, NELSON A. HARDING, L. B. HARDY, CHARLES A. HARRIS, GEORGE W. HARTLEY, HARRY HARTLEY, THOMAS HARTSHORN, FLOYD HARTSHORNE, WILLIAM D. HASERICK, ARTHUR A. HASKELL, EDWARD H. HASTINGS, WALTER M. HAWES, WILLIAM B. HAWES, WILLIAM C. HAYDEN, CHARLES HEATH, EDWIN L. HECHT, SIMON E. HECHT, SUMMIT L. HECKKR, E. M. HILL, WILLIAM H. HILL, WILLIAM J. HOBBS, CONRAD HOBBS, FRANKLIN W. HOLMES, STEPHEN W. HOOPER, JAMES R. HOPEWELL, FRANK HOPEWELL, FRANK B. HOPEWELL, JOHN HOWARD, CHARLES M. HOWARD, PRENTISS HOWE, ALBERT S. HOWE, FREDERIC W. HOWE, HENRY S. HOYE, CHARLES T. HUMPHREY, OTIS L. HUTCHINS, C. H. HUTCHINSON, GEORGE HUTZ, R. INGRAM, R. O. JACKSON, HENRY C. JEALOUS, H. C. JEALOUS, VAUGHAN JONES, ARTHUR R. JONES, CHARLES H, JONES, CHARLES W. JONES, HAYDEN JONES, JEROME KEENAN, WALTER L. KELLER, CARL T. KENDALL, HENRY W. KENDALL, O. F. KENDRICK, JOHN E. KENNEDY, GEORGE E. KESSELER, J. F. KING, THEOPHILUS KING, THOMAS B. KIRKPATRICK, ARTHUR W, KITCHIN, CHARLES H. KITCHIN, S. RAYMOND KNIGHT, JESSE A. KNIGHT, JOSEPH D. KOSHLAND, A. KOSHLAND, JESSE 50 KOSHLAND, JOSEPH KUMMER, CHARLES E. KUNHARDT. GEORGE E. LAMONT, WALTER M. LANGSHAW, WALTER H. LAPHAM, LEONARD C. LASBURY, WILLIAM M. LASELL, JOSIAH M. LATSHAW, S. R. LAWTON, GEORGE R. LEONARD, CHARLES W. LIEBMANN. HARRY LIVERMORE, WILLIAM D. LOCKWOOD, H. Deforest LOCKWOOD, THOMAS S. LONG, JOHN D. LORD, HENRY G. LOTHROP, A. E. LOVELL, ARTHUR T. LOWE, A. H. mabbett, george mabbett, h. e. McCarthy, jeremiah j. McCLEARY, JAMES T. MacCOLL, J. R. MacDONALD, JAMES A. McDUFFIE, FREDERIC C. McKlNLEY, WILLIAM, Jr. MACLAURIN, RICHARD C. McNEEL, R. W. McPHERSON, JOHN BRUCE MAKEPEACE, CHARLES R. MANNING, FRANCIS H. MANSFIELD, E A. MARLAND, WILLIAM H. MARSTON, JOHN P. MARTIN, FAY H. MARVIN, THOMAS O. MARVIN, WINTHROP L. MAXWELL, FRANCIS T. MAXWELL, WILLIAM MELLOR, B. F. MERCER, JOHN T. MERRIAM, A. J. MERTZ, WILLIAM H. METCALF, JOSEPH METCALF, M. A. MILNE, JAMES T. MITCHELL, JOHN R. MORSE, FRANK C. MORSS, DANIEL D. MORTON. MARCUS MUMFORD, GEORGE S. MURFITT, SAMUEL C. MUURLING, I. J. R. NARY, JOHN W. NELSON, E. K. NUNN, C. P. NUTTER, GEORGE R. NUTTER, WILLIAM O'BRIEN, ROBERT LINCOLN O'MEARA. STEPHEN OLLENDORFF, W. W. PAIGE, EDWARD D. PAIGE, FRANK H. PAINE, SIDNEY B. PALFREY, JOHN G. PARK, CHARLES H. PARKER, J. EARLE PARKER, WALTER E. PARSONS. EBEN PATON, A. B. PATTERSONt A. M. PATTERSON, F. GORDON PEARSON, CHARLES H. PERKINS, F. NATHANIEL PHIPPS, WALTER T. PIERCE, ANDREW G., Jr. PIERCE, C. EATON PIERCE, M. J. PIERCE, WALLACE L. PITT, ROBERT M., Jr. PLUNKETT, WILLIAM B. POLLARD, A. G. POUSLAND, ARTHUR P. POWERS, SAMUEL L. PRENDERGAST, JAMES M. PRICE, WILLIAM PUTNAM, GEORGE F. RAMSEY, JAMES C. Jr. RICE, EDWARD DAVID RICE, HARRY L. RICHARDSON, E. RUSSELL RILEY, CHARLES E. ROBBINS, A. E. ROBERTS, C. E. 1 51 ROUSMANIERE, JOHN E. RUSSELL, D. A. RUSSELL, RICHARD S. SAGAR, ALFRED SALTER, R. J. SAMPSON, THOMAS SCHOULER, R. S. SEARLE, CHARLES P. SEARS, EDMUND H. 8EELEY, A. B. SHAW, WALTER K. SHERMAN, F. A. SHIRREFFS, JOHN SHUMAN, SIDNEY E. SHUTTLEWORTH, MOSES L. SIMPSON, GEORGE W. SIMPSON, W. P. SINGLETON, GEORGE F. SMITH, ABBOTT P. SMITH, B. F. SMITH, C. B. SMITH, GEORGE S. SMITH, GEORGE W. SMITH, JAMES T. SMITH, STUART J. SNELLING, R. PAUL STANWOOD, EDWARD STEVENS, J. P. STEVENS, MOSES T. STEVENS, NATHANIEL STEVENS, RALPH L. STEVENS, SAMUEL D. STOCKTON, PHILIP STONE, A. P. STUDLEY, ROBERT L. SWAIN, GEORGE FILLMORE SWEATT, WILLIAM H. SWINDELLS, FREDERICK SWINDELLS, F. W. SYKES, DAVID A. THAYER, EUGENE V. R. THAYER, NATHANIEL N. THORNTON, GEORGE M. TODD. ROBERT T. TODD, WILLIAM O. TUCKER, PHILIP M. UNDERWOOD, HERBERT S. VINTON, FREDERIC P. WADE, AUSTIN P. WAKEMAN, WILBUR F. WALLS, A. B., Jr. WALWORTH, CHARLES W. WANGENHEIM, H. WARREN, NATHAN WATERMAN, GEORGE H. WEEDEN, W. W. WEEKS, A. P. WELD, STEPHEN M. WELLINGTON, S. G. WERNER, FREDERICK C. WERNER, JOHN C. WHITIN, G. MARSTON WHITIN, HARRY T. WHITING, HERBERT A. WHITMAN, ARNOLD WHITMAN, CLARENCE WHITMAN, E. E. WHITMAN, JAMES S. WHITMAN, JOHN, 3d WHITMAN, MALCOLM D. WHITMAN, WILLIAM WHITMAN, WILLIAM, Jr. WHITNEY, WILLIAM S. WHITTALL, M. J. WHITTIER, CHARLES W. WIGGIN, PARRY C. WILCOCK, EDWIN WILCOCK, JOHN WILLETT, GEORGE F. WILLIAMS, A. M. WILLIAMS, GARDNER B. WILLIAMS, JOHN H. WILSON, H. F. WING, DANIEL G. WITHERBY, EDWIN T. WOOD, JOHN P. WOOD, OTIS P. WOOD, PENMAN J. WOODBURY, C. J. H. YERXA, HENRY D. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES This book is due on the date indicated below, or at the expiration of a definite period after the date of borrowing, as provided by the library rules or by special arrangement with the Librarian in charge. DATE BORROWED DATE DUE DATE BORROWED DATE DUE C«8(84a)M50 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 0044258356 D360.t W5d William Whitman, manufacturer, merchant, citizen. y>3^^7 PfA^f NEH MRR ') \ m /l^ri 0\K)A^ FEB Z 6 1946 END OF TITLE