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 American Baptist Foreign Fission Society 
 
 LETTER SENT TO THE FRIENDS IN BURMA FROM THE BOARD 
 
 OF MANAGERS AND OFFICERS OF THE FOREIGN MISSION SO- 
 
 CIETY ON THE OCCASION OF THE JUDSON CENTENNIAL 
 
 CELEBRATION IN BURMA, DECEMBER TENTH TO TWENTY- 
 FIRST, NINETEEN HUNDRED AND THIRTEEN 
 
 oH "ah j 
 
PASTORS AND OTHERS WILL FIND THIS LETTER 
 OF VALUE IN PREPARING ADDRESSES IN CON- 
 NECTION WITH THE CENTENNIAL. |. FOR DE- 
 TAILED STATISTICS OF THE CENTURY SEE THE 
 PAMPHLET ENTITLED “CENTENNIAL SURVEY, A 
 STORY OF BAPTIST ACHIEVEMENT.”’ 
 
Boston, October 27, 1913. 
 
 To the Friends Gathered at the Judson Centennial Celebration in Rangoon, to the Missionary Company in 
 Burma and to the Churches among the Burmans, Karens, Kachins, Shans, Chins, Talains and other 
 Peoples of Burma, the Board of Managers of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society extend hearty 
 and fraternal greetings: 
 
 E join with you in gratitude to God for the signal manifestations of Providence which summoned 
 American Baptists to united missionary service a century ago, and which have conspicuously marked 
 the period whose close we are now celebrating. While regretting that circumstances do not seem 
 
 to make it expedient for any members of the Board or any of the present executive officers of the Society 
 to be present at the celebration, we rejoice that there are a number of friends from America who have 
 the interest and the leisure to visit Burma at this time and to participate with you in the centennial ser- 
 vices. It is a source of peculiar satisfaction that we may have so admirable an official representative as 
 Rev. Henry C. Mabie, D.D., whose many years of valued service as Home Secretary of the Society, whose 
 acquaintance with the members of the missionary body and whose long study of and familiarity with the 
 history and principles of missionary work fit him in a peculiar way for the service which he has been asked 
 to render. It is our earnest prayer that the blessing of God may rest in an especial manner upon the ser- 
 vices connected with your celebration and that the exceedingly interesting program that has been outlined 
 may be carried through to the inspiration and uplift of all who may be privileged to attend. We envy 
 you the opportunity you will enjoy in hearing from several still active members of the missionary force, 
 in whose memory are treasured experiences of personal acquaintance with the founder of the mission, of 
 the impressions made upon them by the personality of him for whom this centennial observance is named. 
 
 It is most fitting that this celebration should center about the name of Judson and that these com- 
 memorative exercises should be held in Burma, the country of his missionary labors, and particularly in 
 Rangoon, the city to which he and his heroic wife came with such mingled feelings of fear and hope in 
 the summer of 1813. Yet the celebration at once takes on a broader aspect. Adoniram and Ann Hassel- 
 tine Judson were the forerunners and types of the great company of courageous and consecrated men and 
 women in whose spirits the missionary passion has: burned and who have counted it their highest joy to 
 give themselves as the representatives of the Baptist churches of America to the task of proclaiming the 
 gospel of the kingdom of God not only in Burma but in South India, Bengal, Assam, China, Japan, Africa 
 and the Philippine Islands. To their memory also we do honor at this time. Nor does the influence of 
 these pioneers, whose coming to Burma you are now commemorating, end in the foreign mission enterprise. 
 Every phase of our denominational activity, our very denominational life and unity themselves, owe to 
 Judson and his associates a debt the magnitude of which it is impossible to compute. It is not too much 
 to say that the remarkable growth of our denomination numerically and in social, moral and religious 
 influence is traceable directly and in very large degree to the general and enthusiastic acceptance of the 
 missionary responsibility as presented in the appeal of Judson for support. The organization and develop- 
 ment of all of our great missionary societies, home and foreign, and of the Northern. and Southern Baptist 
 Conventions have been made possible by the spirit of cooperation which sprang up spontaneously in response 
 to the challenge of Judson and Rice. This phase of their service will be more appropriately recognized 
 in connection with the meeting of the Northern Baptist Convention next May, which will be the one hun- 
 dredth anniversary of the formation of the first general organization of Baptists in America for any pur- 
 pose, namely, the General Missionary Convention of the Baptist Denomination in the United States of 
 America for Foreign Missions. But the significance of this celebration extends even beyond the limits 
 of our own denomination. Baptists cannot lay exclusive claim to the forces set in operation by Adoniram 
 Judson and others comprising the little groups of students at Williams and Andover. Not only the Con- 
 gregationalists and Baptists but the whole Christian Church in the United States owes to them the quicken- 
 ing of its missionary conscience. It is fitting, therefore, that representatives of other denominational bodies 
 as well as delegates from the other missions of our own Society should unite with you in Burma in this 
 commemoration. We cannot fail to see in such an event a fine illustration of the fundamental oneness of 
 the missionary enterprise in its purpose and spirit as well as in its divine leader. 
 
 ° 
 
There is abundant material for the deepening of our faith in the providential leading of God and the 
 ultimate triumph of his purpose when we attempt to reproduce in thought the atmosphere out of which 
 Adoniram Judson and his wife went forth on their missionary errand and the conditions into which they 
 ‘ plunged on reaching the land that was to be the scene of their missionary life and labors. Only twenty 
 years had elapsed since the beginning of the modern missionary era, through the influence of William Carey 
 in England. The English Baptist Missionary Society and the London Missionary Society, representing the 
 English Congregationalists, had been organized chiefly for work in portions of India under British con- 
 trol. Missionary interest was but slowly touching the life of the American churches. A few Congregational 
 churches contributed support to the London Missionary Society, with which the American Board at first 
 endeavored to effect some plan of cooperation for the support and conduct of the work of Judson, Nott 
 and their associates. “Scattered Baptist bodies had sent funds in small amounts to the English Baptist 
 Missionary Society for the work inaugurated by Carey at Serampore, such gifts amounting in one year 
 to as much as $6,000. But this interest was sporadic and far from affecting the churches or church mem- 
 bers as a whole in either denomination. It was an act of supreme faith on the part of the American Board 
 of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to take the action which they did in 1811 after the return of Judson 
 from conference with the London Missionary Society, in declaring ‘‘that this Board will retain under their 
 care the young gentlemen who last year devoted themselves to the service of God for life as missionaries 
 in foreign parts.” It required, if possible, even greater faith when Adoniram Judson wrote from Calcutta 
 to Dr. Bolles of Salem, after the change of conviction with regard to baptism which had made it neces- 
 sary for him to withdraw from the service of the American Board: ‘‘Alone in this foreign heathen land, 
 I make my appeal to those whom, with their permission, I will call my Baptist brethren in the United States.’ 
 Both Mrs. Judson and later her husband on the occasions of their first return to America expressed pro- 
 found gratification because of the marked increase in missionary interest which they found among the 
 churches as compared with the conditions prevailing at’ the time of their departure in 1812. 
 
 The Baptists, to whom Judson addressed his appeal, while found in considerable numbers through- 
 out the country, were financially weak and without the social standing which other religious bodies enjoyed 
 because of the prominent part taken by them in the colonization and policital development of certain sec- 
 tions. They boasted but few large or prosperous churches. In a total number of 2417 churches, the aver- 
 age membership was less than 75. The very organization of the churches, as well as the fact that they 
 were so widely scattered, militated against intercommunication and united effort. It was to such a -body 
 that Adoniram Judson and his wife and Luther Rice turned for support in the enterprise upon which they 
 had embarked. 
 
 The conditions which the Judsons faced on the field were certainly not more promising. Driven pro- 
 videntially to Burma in their effort to avoid enforced deportation to England at the hands of the British 
 East India Company, they entered a land governed by a cruel and despotic Indian king whose arbitrary 
 will was absolute and from whose displeasure no life was safe. Unlike Carey and his associates at Seram- 
 pore and the German missionaries, Schwartz and Ziegenbalg, in Southern India, the Judsons began their 
 missionary labors in a country practically untouched by the influences of civilization and placed themselves 
 beyond the protection of even a nominally Christian government. The physical and spiritual atmosphere, 
 which was to be the constant environment of their daily life, was such as to cast a gloom over even their 
 courageous spirits. Of the impression made upon them as they landed in Rangoon, Mr. Judson wrote, 
 ‘We had never before seen a place where European influence did not contribute to smooth and soften the 
 rough features of uncultivated nature. The prospect of Rangoon, as we approached, was quite dishearten- 
 ing. I went on shore just at night to take a view of the place and the mission house, but so dark and 
 cheerless and unpromising did all things appear that the evening of that day after my return to the ship 
 we have marked as the most gloomy and distressing that we ever passed.” After nearly a year of resi- 
 dence, Mrs. Judson wrote to Samuel Newell: ‘““We have found the country, as we expected, in a most deplor- 
 able state, full of darkness, idolatry, and cruelty — full of commotion and uncertainty. We daily feel that 
 the existence and perpetuity of this mission, still in an infant state, depends in a peculiar way on the inter- 
 posing hand of Providence, and from this impression alone we are encouraged still to remain.’ It is not 
 surprising, in view of these conditions and in the light of what we know of her own indomitable spirit, 
 that we find Mrs. Judson writing a few months later: “God grant that we may live and die among the 
 Burmans, though we should never do anything more than smooth the way for others.’’ We do well to 
 remember that it was not long after entering upon his work in such conditions as these and before the 
 
first ray of light had come into the darkness that Judson wrote to Luther Rice: “If they ask what pros- 
 pect of ultimate success there is, tell them as much as that there is an almighty and faithful God who 
 will perform his promises.”’ 
 
 It is manifestly impossible to review even briefly the missionary life and accomplishments of Dr. Judson 
 during the nearly forty years of his service in Burma. It is fitting, however, that we give due recogni- 
 tion to the steadfastness of purpose, the keenness of intellect, the complete consecration, the sublime faith 
 and the absolute dependence upon God which enabled Adoniram Judson in the divine providence to lay 
 foundations which have stood the test of time and upon which has been erected a superstructure of out- 
 standing significance in the history of missionary endeavor. Not least important in the work of Judson 
 is the service rendered to all later missionaries and to the Burmese people themselves through his remark- 
 able mastery of the Burmese language, attained in the face of extraordinary difficulties and with almost 
 no assistance save that which he himself could derive from Burmese scholars. Two great monuments 
 of the thoroughness of his knowledge and the intensity of his application remain in the Burman Bible and 
 the Burmese dictionary, both in constant use to-day with relatively slight revision. We as a denomination 
 and as a missionary society owe much also to Judson’s conception and statement of the aim to be sought 
 in the missionary enterprise. Francis Wayland says of the object which Judson always kept steadily in 
 view: ‘It was not to teach men a creed or to train them to the performance of certain rites or to per- 
 suade them to belong to a particular church, but first of all to produce in them a radical and universal 
 change of moral character, to lead them to repent all and forsake all sin, to love God with an affection 
 that should transcend in power every other motive and to rely for salvation wholly on the merits of that 
 atonement which has been made for man by our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.’ This object and the 
 means for securing it are well set forth in one of the “‘articles of agreement’? drawn up and submitted to 
 the Board at home by Judson and his first missionary associate, George H. Hough: ‘‘We agree in the 
 opinion that our sole object on earth is to introduce the religion of Jesus Christ into the empire of Burma 
 and that the means by which we hope to effect this are translating, printing and distributing the Holy 
 Scriptures, preaching the gospel, circulating religious tracts and promoting the instruction of native children.” 
 To Judson we also owe one of the finest statements of the qualifications for missionary service dating from 
 this early period of his work. He wrote to Luther Rice: “Humble, quiet, persevering men, men of sound 
 and sterling talents (though perhaps not brilliant), of decent accomplishments and some natural aptitude 
 to acquire a language, men of an amiable yielding temper, willing to take the lowest place, to be the least 
 of all and the servants of all, men who enjoy much closet religion, leave all things to God and are willing 
 to suffer all things for Christ’s sake, without being proud of it,— these are the men, etc.’ And he adds: 
 “But, oh, how unlike to this description is the writer of it.” 
 
 Judson was primarily a missionary to the Burmans and for that race chiefly his direct personal work 
 was done, yet by his sympathy and influence he belongs to all Burma and not to any single race or tribe. 
 He himself in 1828 baptized the first convert from the Talains. Early in his missionary work he became 
 deeply interested in the Karen people and made frequent missionary journeys into the jungles where they 
 found their homes. He secured the release from slavery of Ko Thah Byu, the Karen apostle, and urged 
 the sending of missionaries for work especially among that people, whose remarkable turning to Christianity 
 is unique in missionary annals. When in later years the work was extended so as to include all of the 
 other leading races of Burma, the Shans, Kachins, Chins, Talains, and more recently the Lahus, Was and 
 other hill peoples of the far northeast, American Baptists were but entering into the heritage prepared for 
 them by Judson and his early associates in the founding of the mission. Testimony must be borne to 
 the widsom and missionary statesmanship of those whose clear vision of the task and its needs led them 
 to plant such institutions as the mission press, which under Cutter and Bennett took up a work begun 
 by Hough in the very earliest period of the mission’s life; the theological seminary for Burmans and other 
 races speaking the Burmese language founded by Edward A. Stevens in 1838; the Karen Theological Sem- 
 inary founded by J. G. Binney in 1846; and the Rangoon Baptist College, which also owes its inception 
 to Dr. Binney; but more than all else those institutions which have become so deeply rooted in the life 
 of the Christian community and which have within them the forces which will transform and ennoble that 
 community, the Christian church and the village school. We covet for the higher institutions of learning 
 the same strong support on the part of the Christian community and are deeply gratified with the evidences 
 that these institutions, also, are being more and more recognized by the people as their own and as essen- 
 tial to their truest progress. 
 
But in Judson’s conception the scope of the missionary task transcended Burma with its many races. 
 We find him as early as 1817 writing to the Corresponding Secretary in Boston in behalf of the extension 
 of missionary work to Assam, China and Japan. And indeed a people ranking second in number among 
 evangelical denominations in this country today cannot discharge its full missionary responsibility while 
 limiting its labors to a single country with ten or twelve millions of people. Other claims have pressed 
 for recognition. Other providences have led the way first into Assam, then into Telugu land, into Swatow 
 and Ningpo, and far up the Yangtse River into West China, into Japan, into the Congo valley, and last 
 of all, into the Philippine Islands. To these successive calls the Baptists of the North have responded 
 until now the very length of our “far flung battle line” is almost a weakness because of the difficulty of 
 making its impact strong and telling at every point. 
 
 Surely there is great reason for encouragement and hope in the progress of these hundred years. Work 
 begun for a single race now touches nearly a score in Burma alone. Judson spent a lifetime in the mastery 
 of a single language. His successors have translated the Scriptures or portions of them into all the leading 
 tongues of Burma. Then, a slender foothold in the port city was secured with difficulty. Now, the entire 
 land is dotted with mission stations reaching to the very borders of China on the north and northeast and 
 of Assam on the northwest. Then, missionaries were in peril of their lives at the hands of arbitrary and 
 cruel Burman princes, who refused absolutely to grant religious liberty to their subjects. Now, they are 
 under the protection of a stable government and are recognized by the people as their friends and bene- 
 factors, and there is perfect freedom for the teaching and preaching of Christianity. Some very suggestive 
 comparisons concerning the work in Burma are made by one who has been giving considerable study to 
 the development of our work during the past century. As a point of comparison the year 1854 has been 
 chosen, a date which marks the completion of forty years. from the organization of the Society and cor- 
 responds nearly with the close of Dr. Judson’s service. The number of missionaries had grown from four 
 at the beginning of the work to sixty-two in 1854 and to 194 in 1913. Native workers who numbered 
 145 in 1854 have now reached a total of 2,126. Organized churches, of which there were none at the begin- 
 ning and only 117 in 1854, now number 916, seventy-eight per cent. or 717 being self-supporting. The 
 number of church members. amounting to 8,736 in 1854, now exceeds 65,000. The 55 schools reported 
 in 1854 have increased to 708, and the number of pupils has multiplied from 1,728 to 26,235. Native 
 contributions, of which no record was published in 1854, now amount to $93,884 in a single year, while 
 appropriations for the work of the mission have grown from $43,780 in 1854 to $249,962 in 1913. These 
 figures are for Burma alone. Statistics for the entire work are no less encouraging. It is worthy of spe- 
 cial note that the total membership reported in churches connected with the missions of this Society alone, 
 number ng 159,920 according to the report of 1913, is only about 20,000 less than the total membership 
 of Baptist churches in the United States at the time when Judson began his work in Burma. Surely, 
 in these facts there is abundant reason to bow in gratitude to God that he has so richly blessed the faith 
 and sacrifice of those through whose gifts of life and prayer and money these results have been achieved. 
 
 It is not our purpose on this occasion to engage in an extended discussion of mission policies. Two 
 problems there are, however, to which the Board have given and are giving most earnest study, which they 
 feel constrained to lay upon your hearts also, for their solution can be found only through the united thought 
 and practical endeavor of all whom the problems touch. These problems are first, that of a shifting of 
 emphasis from extensive to intensive methods of work, and second, that of the gradual transfer of respon- 
 sibility for completion of the missionary task to the native Christian Church. 
 
 So rich has been the blessing poured out upon the efforts of the past, so rapid has been the develop- 
 ment of work upon the field, especially in recent years, that the growth of resources — remarkable as it 
 has been — is steadily less and less adequate to provide the necessary workers and equipment. The total re- 
 ceipts of the Society since its organization in 1814 have been $29,231,302.14 of which almost exactly one-half 
 has been received in the last sixteen years, Foreign field expenditures of the general Society alone, apart 
 from the Woman's Societies, have grown from $644,000 in 1908-09 to $876,000 in 1912-13, an increase 
 of over $230,000 or thirty-six per cent. in five years. ‘This increase, while far from representing what our 
 churches are able to do and ought to do in the line of missionary endeavor, is truly extraordinary and 
 full of encouragement. Nevertheless, in the face of this increase, the outstanding, unsupplied, urgent needs 
 of the work in Burma as in every other field probably never were greater in number and never repre- 
 sented so large an aggregate expenditure. The adjustment of this inadequate supply to so tremendous a 
 need is the problem which the Board is confronting today. A real solution demands more than simply 
 
increasing the supply. Resources may be so directed that every need satisfied only creates new needs 
 and greater and we become involved in a task which not only has no end but which becomes increasingly 
 large and difficult with every step. The Board are persuaded that the true solution lies rather in making 
 use of the resources, increased by every legitimate means to the largest possible amount, in such a way 
 that they will multiply themselves, and that needs satisfied will give rise not simply to new needs but 
 with these needs also will provide the means for their satisfaction. 
 
 The second problem is closely related to the first. Indeed, in its solution is to be found j{the greatest 
 promise of solving the first. If Christian churches and a Christian community can be developed among 
 the peoples of each mission field that will assume the responsibility for making Christianity dominant in 
 their own land and will devote themselves with true Christian earnestness and loyalty to the discharge 
 of that responsibility, the problems of occupation and evangelization will be comparatively easy of solu- 
 tion. The development and direction of such a force, however, calls for the creation of strong, intelligent 
 and consecrated leadership among the native Christian body. It is this phase of the problem that com- 
 mands particular attention just now, and because of its magnitude and urgency it challenges the wisest 
 thought and the broadest experience of all who share in the missionary enterprise. The Board seek the 
 fullest cooperation of the missionaries and the native Christian body in an endeavor to reach the best 
 solution of these problems. 
 
 Each mission of the Society has its own inspiring history characterized by heroic and sacrificial service 
 on the part of missionaries and native Christian disciples. Each presents its distinctive problems and its 
 insistent needs. Each justly claims its own large place in the sympathy and support of our Baptist churches 
 of the North. But today our hearts turn with a peculiar yearning, strong and tender, toward Burma, 
 the eldest child of our missionary fervor. We take a peculiar satisfaction in reviewing the triumphs of 
 the gospel in that land and the unmistakable manifestations of Providence which have repeatedly marked 
 the work of the one hundred years that have elapsed since the coming of Judson to Rangoon. It is almost 
 commonplace to say that the missionary enterprise which found its beginning in the devotion of life on 
 the part of Adoniram Judson and his companions and in the sacrificial giving of means by the scattered 
 and for the most part humble followers of the Master in this country was born of prayer and faith, but 
 those words take on a new and richer meaning as we trace their marvelous results step by step down through 
 the century. If the history of this one hundred years means anything to us today, it should constitute 
 an irresistable call to a faith and vision no less strong and far-reaching and to a spirit of prayer no less 
 effectual and pervasive than that which characterized the founders of American Baptist missions. For such 
 a spirit of faith and prayer the records of the past yield strong grounds for confidence; the conditions and 
 the problems of the present are rich with opportunity and promise. In this spirit, we pledge to you on 
 behalf of the churches of America our earnest sympathy and support as you enter upon the new century 
 which we trust may in the providence of God see the realization of that vision which drew Adoniram and 
 Ann Hasseltine Judson to the shores of Burma one hundred years ago. 
 
 With warmest Christian regards, 
 
 Emory W. Hunt GeorGE E. Brices GEORGE BULLEN 
 General Secretary WELLINGTON FILLMORE V. B. KInne 
 
 Frep P. Haccarp Maurice A. Levy H. S. JoHNson 
 Home Secretary L. A. CRANDALL O. R. Jupp 
 
 James H. FRANKLIN HERBERT J. WHITE Mornay WILLIAMS 
 Foreign Secretary L. L. HENson Po psTaAcy 
 
 Ernest S. BUTLER WALTER CALLEY A. K. bE Biots 
 
 Treasurer 
 GeorGE B. HUNTINGTON 
 Assistant Secretary 
 Stacy R. WARBURTON 
 Assistant Secretary 
 
 1029—2M—12-1913 
 
 W. D. CHAMBERLIN 
 RosBertT S. HoLtmMes 
 GeEorGE C. WHITNEY 
 F. E. Tayitor 
 
 Ee Be Putter 
 
 C. M. Tuoms 
 
 Ernest D. Burton 
 CorNELIUS WOELFKIN 
 Henry D. Hotton 
 CaM Hing 
 Cuar.es.H. Moss 
 
 C. A. Futton 
 
 Cari MILLIKEN 
 
 The Board of Managers. 
 
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