~WOMAN’S NATIONAL COMMITTEE for LAW ENFORCEMENT WASHINGTON CONVENT ee OR ~ ba ZO. Gs Rr Pe 3 ear Ae APRIL 11-13, 1926/.? 7 | bee re Realizing that the successful operation of any law depends for its support upon an articulate public opinion andthe character” of its public servants: RESOLVED: _ As delegates to the Woman’s National Convention for Law Enforcement we recommend that the women of the country pledge themselves to support at the polls only such candidates as will stand squarely for no repeal of the 18th Amendment nor modifica- “tion by weakening of concurrent legislation. And, Bre It Resotven further, that all candidates for public _ office be requested specifically to state their campaign position on this question. Published by WOMAN’S NATIONAL COMMITTEE for LAW ENFORCEMENT 1 ArsENAL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Woman’s National Committee for Law Enforcement | Allegiance to the Constitution — Observance of Law : General Chairman MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY Beverly, Mass. First Vice-Chairman MRS. ROSWELL MILLER 129 KE. 52nd St., New York City Second Vice-Chairman MRS. GORDON NORRIE MRS. JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN General Federation of Women’s Clubs MRS. JAMES A. WEBB, JR. Young Women’s Christian Asso- ciation MRS. A. H. REEVE Congress of Mothers and Parent- Teacher Associations MISS ANNIE FLORENCE BROWN Lend-a-Hand Society MRS. WILLIAM TILTON 11 Mason Street, Cambridge, Mass. Committee MRS. W. L. DARBY MRS, CLARENCE °C, MACY Vice-Chairmen MRS. WILLIAM F. McDOWELL > Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions of Norn Amer- ica MRS. FRED S. BENNETT : Council of Women for Home Mis- sions MRS. GEORGE H. PRIOR International Order of Daughters MRS. PHILIP NORTH MOORE — National Council of Women MRS. ELLIS. YOST Woman’s Christian Temperance Union SF ee Other Vice-Chairmen will be added later. Secretary MRS. FRANK SHULER 129 E. 62nd St., New York City Treasurer MISS HILDA L. OLSON 1 Arsenal Sq., Cambridge, Mass. at Large MISS MARY GARRETT- HAY MRS. ELLA BOOLE ; ParTIAL List OF THE COMMITTEE MRS. W. A. ALEXANDER MISS MARY ANDERSON MISS KATHERINE LEE BATES MRS. FRED S. BENNETT MES. ELMER BLAIR MRS, ELLA BOOLE MRS. WILLIAM BOYD MISS ANNIE FLORENCE BROWN MRS. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT MRS. FRANCIS E. CLARK MRS. GEORGE W. COLEMAN MRS, JAMES COLBY COLGATE MRS. ANTHONY WAYNE COOK MRS. FRANK GAYLORD COOK MISS HELEN DAVIS MRS. CLEVELAND DODGH MRS. HENRY B. ESS MRS. HENRY FARNAM MRS. W. H. P. FAUNCE MRS. HE. F. FEICKERT MRS. EVERETT OO. FISK MRS. HENRY FORD MRS. JOHN FERGUSON MRS. JOSEPH M. GAZZAM MISS ANNA GORDON MRS. HERBERT J.) GURNEY MRS. JOHN HENRY RAMMOND MRS, J. BORDEN HARRIMAN MRS. WILLIAM I, HAVEN MISS MARY GARETT HAY MRS. J. EH. HAYES MRS. JOHN GRIER HIBBEN MRS. MILTON P. HIGGINS MRS. EDITH KNIGHT HILL MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL MISS MARGARET EE. HODGE MRS. JOSHUA HODGINS MISS MARY HOWARD Res MRS, WILLIAM HUNTINGTON MRS. W.. S. JENNINGS MRS. LUKE JOHNSON MISS ALICE M. KYLE MRS. EUGENE LEVERING MRS. A. HAINES LIPPINCOTT MRS. GEORGE HORACE LORIMER MRS. ROBERT S. MacARTHUR, JR, MRS. JOHN’ R. McCURDY MRS. CHARLES McDUFFEE MRS. W. F. McDOWELL MISS ELLA D. MacLAURIN MRS. PARKER MADDUX MRS. CAROLINE ATWATER MASON — MRS. JOHN F. MERRILL MRS. ROSWELL MILLER MRS. WALTER McNAB MILLER MRS. W. A. MONTGOMERY MRS. PHILIP NORTH MOORE MRS. W. L. MURDOCK = MRS. H. S. PRENTISS NICHOLS MRS. THOMAS NICHOLSON MRS. GORDON NORRIE MRS. KATHLEEN NORRIS MRS. I. H. O’HARRA MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY PRESIDENT ELLEN PENDLETON MRS. PERCY V. PENNYPACKER MRS. T. N, PFEIFFER MISS GRACE MORRISON POOLE DR. ELLEN POTTER MRS. GIFFORD I. PINCHOT MRS. JAMES MADISON PRATT | MRS. ARTHUR PROAL MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN MRS, PAUL RAYMOND MRS. AURELIA RHEINHART MES. RAYMOND ROBBINS MRS. ARTHUR D. ROPES ~ MRS WM. J. SCHIEFFELIN MRS. SAMUEL SEMPLE MRS JOHN D. SHERMAN MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN ~ MRS. MARY WILES SMITH MRS. F. F. STEPHENS MRS. MARVIN V. SWEELEY MISS IDA TARBELL : MRS. ELIZABETH TILTON MISS FLORENCE TYLER MRS. FRANKLIN WARNER MRS. JAMES A. WEBB, JR. MRS. EDWARD FRANKLIN WHITE MRS. STANLEY WHITE MRS. MINER G. VAN WINKLE MRS. THOMAS WINTER - MRS MARY L. WOODRUFF. PRESIDENT MARY WOOLLEY — MRS. ELLIS YOST : ee ; & = WOMAN’S NATIONAL CONVENTION for LAW ENFORCEMENT A Message from the President Please convey my greetings to the members of the Woman’s National Committee for Law Enforcement. This earnest manifestation of interest in enforcement of law is gratifying. Such interest on the part of those citizens not officially connected with the execution of law is heartening to those charged with that re- sponsibility. In this message I desire to reiter- ate the following statement which I made on the subject of your present deliberations: “The Jaw represents the voice of the people. Beyond it, and supporting it, is a divine sanc- tion. Enforcement of law and obedience to law, by the very nature of our institutions, are not matters of choice in this republic, but the expression of a moral requirement of living in accordance with the truth. They are clothed with a spiritual significance, in which is re- vealed the life or the death of the American ideal of self-zovernment.”’ —Calvin Coolidge Published by WOMAN’S NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT 1 Arsenal, Square, Cambridge, Mass. HONORARY SPONSORS Mrs. WitiiamM Howarp TAFT Mrs. Tuomas J. PRESTON Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miriam HARLAN FIsKE STONE Louis D. BRANDEIS HERBERT HOOVER Curtis D. WILBUR WILiiAM M. JARDINE James J. Davis ~ FERGUSON, Governor of Texas WIVES OF GOVERNORS Mrs. Theodore Christianson, Mrs Mrs. Mrs Mrs Mrs . V. K. Donahey, . Ben Paulen, . Clifford Walker, Minn. Mrs. Franklin S. Billings, Vermont Ohio Mrs. William W.Brandon, Alabama Angus W. McLean, N.Carolina Mrs. Arthur G. Sorlie, No. Dakota Kansas’ Mrs. Tom J. Terral, Arkansas Georgia Mrs. JohnH. Trumbull, Connecticut . Gifford Pinchot, Pennsylvania Mrs. John Winant, New Hampshire Mrs. Carl Gunderson, South Dakota Miss GRACE ABBOTT Mrs Mrs Mrs Mrs Mrs Mrs Mrs Mrs Mrs. Mrs. Mrs Mrs Mrs Hon Mrs Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. . LARZ ANDERSON Miss Mary ANDERSON . Lincotn C. ANDREWS . FRANK L. BALL . FRANK W. BALLOU . ALBEN W. BARKLEY . Epwarp M. BEERS . Epwarp BROWNE . WittiaAM M. BUTLER PATRONESSES Mrs. W. W. HusBaNnpb Mrs. HENNEN JENNINGS Mrs. ALBERT JOHNSON Mrs. WEsLEY L. JONEs Mrs. CHARLES KEARNS Mrs. CLYDE KELLY Mrs. JOHN B. LARNER Mrs. WILLIAM MaTHER Lewis Mrs. CHARLES G. MATTHEWS Mrs. JOHN C. MERRIAM . WILLIAM E. CHAMBERLIN Mrs. Ettis Moore . JOHN G. COOPER . JAMES COUZENS . Louis CRAMTON “PORTER SEA DALE ORABLE JESSIE DELL . J. WALTER DRAKE FREDERICK DAVENPORT Duncan U. FLETCHER JouN D. FREDERICKS M. C. GARBER Finis J. GARRETT Guy D. GorFrF WILLIAM GorGAS LINDLEY HADLEY JoHN W. HarRreELD E. A. HarRIMAN Sam B. HILi Homer Hocu Mrs. JoHN NICOLSON Mrs. Georce W. Norris Mrs. GEORGE WHARTON PEPPER Mrs. WILLIAM RAMSEYER MapDAME J. E. Roso Mrs. Frep M. SACKETT Mrs. JAMES Brown Scottr JupGE KATHRYN SELLERS Mrs. Morris E. SHEPPARD Mrs. AppIsON SMITH Mrs. SELDEN P. SPENSER Miss CLARA SPROUL Dr. Louise STANLEY Mrs. JoHN W. SUMMERS Mrs. Mina C. VAN WINKLE Mrs. GrEorGE W. WHITE Mrs. WALLACE H. Wuitr, Jr. Mrs. FRANK B. WILLIs Mrs. CHARLES BOUGHTON Woop CONTENTS memiessave) Troms, tue r resident! 0. Me IT Raa SEMI eek UT OTLCR CRG Et, Wc oa a caw ceate, AM athe van ore | Greeting by Mrs. Harlan Fiske Stone ................. BioressnDyeLuGceA warney, Creneral io. iia ca ee ae ek Oe Rireeeryy ea Ee eS. oid c yee x oes, civ via a Hea ees PRP vane rere SEEPS SUC neha iPad a ns », 9: ated wid ice atte ote tte ay edie te Premimaiek fA Vere er yaCei: by. fd etl eid os eae Wala ase cain Resolutions of Commission on Chureh and Law Enforce- TILCTNG MEE OS rere colle le Sao sce tre oo kdsnaticetere re ce Gpane tet lames bservancesin: the oLLomeyrsis. «5: . siz viele eee ala Meld aA s Report of Commission on Prohibition Justified by Health, aires or GUM LUC ONOMICS f°. he Wa peks alee eiman eros Commission on Assets and Liabilities .................. Pose ery Lite) | OMISSION 8 5) «Ws ONL ade SRN Ue iehs oe ST OTEMPT F PCUGALION «0°. «2 Sin che hegelh Suse eka dv eee as Ome ACN) Tee CSIR Sina a's oc} cial « << egsddeigi kath s Maa otale WEE Message from Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. ............ eet OTE A LIOOTATICE oo) a. 's > 4s nic ae mansion ed ca Commission on Organization and Method .............. MeDOREEoc Lue, pecretary, Pro ste) ..)0 gets a et methane ke see Addresses of the Convention : PACTRELOLTIS UCD DALC - 5:.'s «o's «paces tee Ube eitio Ietisie Wik Honmadlapel, Walker: Willebrandt....... «a. +. oelpcaee oy Poorman teDLOi® Val Cell 51>, a euaie xe «top aredaen cain a Sire 2 SGU PELE I tly sucitis ca Sos yeaiaetice ott tart sophides Raa ie (EW A ICTS WG. 13:2 specie 3a elorce ce RAPE eee ee anes ess Nici LOT a PECLMNICAR SE LOGGAL() . asker ural tok aaah end Rien eee MCE LAS, 50% 12s) och adie pabat palate eekaeeer eras Sede ta aie Pir tran en LLOSOD | 2., .'.. «os ioeeee oat NTS cee BLOWER, PWV MALTON: lo). pis sees alae ne nity, ame oeeLeS oxy Shea Merwe Anthony Wayne. Cook’... +i. aw.om wes ue a: oe epits Be NATE aAN TLLLAIGS olny a4 «ore macro Rie ee Chee tis es oe Story of Convention (concluded) ..................... Measures to be Considered Before Senate Committee .... 4 LAW EN¥ORCEMENT E give the place of honor and precedence to this great address by the Attorney General of the United States, Hon. John Garibaldi Sargent, at the luncheon of the Law Enforcement Convention, Tuesday, April 13th, in the Hall of Nations, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Harlan Fiske Stone presided and introduced the speaker as follows: GREETING by Mrs. HARLAN FISKE STONE | fs is a great pleasure, privilege and honor to meet so many women representing every part of our country and representing, also, so many of the great organizations of women who are gathered here with the same common interest at heart — Allegiance to our Consti- tution and Observance of Law. It is splendid and most encouraging to know that also at this time — at this very hour, similar groups are meeting all over our United States, from Massachusetts to California for the purpose of arousing more interest in loyalty to the Constitution. I have before me the list of 150 cities and towns. There-are three centers in ‘Texas. The women: of Ohio met yesterday in the Senate Chamber and carried on the same program that was presented here. Without loyalty to the Constitution on which our Government is founded, there can be no future for our Republic. We are not the law makers for the nation but we have our opportunity in the home and school to teach the leaders of the future and to fit them for respon- sibility and positions of trust. We can and must arouse and influence public sentiment. Only when public sentiment is strong enough can perfect observance of law be secured. Everyone of us can influence and does influence, in a small way perhaps, that public sentiment by word and example. Every one of us by her loyalty is a help and source of strength, not only to herself and her friends but to every one with whom she comes in contact. Such an occasion as this affords us an opportunity to extend our influence as well as to be strengthened in our association and study together. Let us pledge again our loyalty to the Constitution on this, the birthday of Thomas Jefferson, and let us remember, ““There is nothing quite so vital to the future of our country as the enforce- ment of its laws and respect for its law.” I have the honor to introduce to you the Attorney General of the United States— WASHINGTON CONVENTION 5 REMARKS by THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES Madame the President and Members of the Women's Committee on Law Enforcement: In approaching the subject before you at this social gathering of the representatives of your great body, I am somewhat at a loss how to begin. To me, the matter of having the law observed, in a country under a government like ours, seems a very simple thing. All that is necessary is that each member of each family in each community in each State shall go about his and her business each day with the purpose in mind to obey the rules made by society for its own guid- ance. But it happens that there are here and there among us per- sons who do not have such purpose; persons who, instead of trying to earn an honest living, by honest toil, undertake to get the means of living in what they think and hope will be an easier way. We must remember that a living for all must be earned by all, and each member of society who does not by some useful action earn his keep, increases the burden of the rest who have to earn it for them. With those who are a burden from being mere drones, shirks, we need not further concern ourselves here; with those who by active preying on their fellow members of the social body undertake to get a living, or more than a living, —the means of luxury, — we are here very much concerned. With those who undertake to set aside the rules of life which we ourselves have made, and satisfy their cravings of lust, of appe- tite, of revenge, of malice by reprisals on individuals, on the com- munity, we are very much concerned. We make law governing the relations of individuals to each other and their property, and we provide courts in which individuals may seek redress for violations of their legal rights by other in- dividuals. We make law governing the relations of individuals to the com- munity, and provide by law penalties for infraction of such law. The community as a body cannot well impose such penalties, and so we provide courts to pass on the question of whether there has been an infraction of the law, and provide representatives of the community to present in such courts charges against persons accused of infractions of the law, — prosecuting officers. What is the duty of such a representative of the community toward its laws? It seems to me that a prosecuting officer while and so long as he holds his place as the representative of the law, ought not to take the position that the law as it is ought not to be the law. 6 LAW ENFORCEMENT The law is the will of the body politic, and we are in our places by the will of the body politic, put there to execute that will: and if we go about declaring in speech and in print that the law ought to be changed, so that acts which are offenses against the law will not be offenses, we thereby weaken our causes in the minds of the tribunals before whom we must try them. I notice on the letterheads of this Committee that the purpose of the organizations it represents is to encourage the enforcement of all the law, with especial emphasis on the Eighteenth Amend- ment and the Volstead Act, and I have been informed by some of your officers that you are particularly anxious for an expression of my views on that subject. Let me say that what my views are is not, as I see it, of much greater importance than what your views are. I can keep the machinery of prosecution of violators of the law in motion, but you can make the results of such work effective, or to a considerable extent impair its effectiveness. At the risk of being accused of having a single-track mind, I wish to repeat here in substance a few observations I have before publicly made on this subject. In this country, under our system of Government, the will of the people expressed by their vote becomes and is the rule of con- duct which all citizens are bound to observe, and which all citizens or aliens must be compelled to observe. “That rule of conduct creates the duty of every inhabitant of the jurisdiction doing the voting. The Eighteenth Amendment is the law of the land. The Volstead Act is the law of the land. Both by constitutional command of the whole people, and by legislative enactment of their representatives in Congress, it has been decreed that traffic in intoxicating liquor shall cease. There is no room for discussion as to what the voters of the country have said. There is no half way place in the command they have laid upon their servants chosen and appointed to administer the law. But, notwithstanding that the law is as it is, notwithstanding the will of the people is that this trafhc, and, of course, the drinking of alcohol, — shall cease, a considerable number of persons insist they will not obey the law, and persist in the traffic to supply drink for themselves and others who are willing to reward them for the chances they take. Those who engage in the business, those who furnish the business by buying its wares, and some who do not wish to either sell or buy liquor undertake to excuse the violators by saying over and over that this law is an infringement of personal liberty. They declare that since the prohibition law went into effect it has never been practically in effect; WASHINGTON CONVENTION “ That it has been a disastrous, tragic failure; That the federal government is powerless to enforce it; because, they say, “The instinct of personal liberty is very strong,” ‘Man cannot be made over by law” and “Thousands of the best citizens of the country have been brought into contact with the bootlegger and have no compunction whatever about violating the law.” Let us examine these propositions briefly : Though some of those who make these claims and arguments may not, do not, have in mind a purpose to make the things pro- hibited easier to procure, and less dangerous to make and sell by those who would provide it, nevertheless such is the effect upon the execution of the law. Personal liberty to do what? Anything except to facilitate the making, sale and use of intoxicants? Why? Any reason except that the use of them may not be interfered with? What other result can follow the constant declaration that the law is not binding on the consciences of those who do not favor its provisions because they say it interferes with personal liberty and the instinct of personal liberty is very strong, — What other result can follow, than that juries will hesitate to convict on charges of violation of the law? What other result can follow than that those contemplating engaging in the traffic will be encouraged by the thought that probably, even if detected and arrested, conviction will not follow? No compunction about violating the law? Violating it how? What for? Anything except to provide intoxicants for somebody to drink? No. Such contentions, when made by those who do not want liquor for themselves, who would not intentionally put obstacles in the way of enforcement of the law, must be made without realization of the effect of their position. That effect can be and is only to weaken public sentiment in favor of any law enforcement, and to encourage violation of all law. It is only a step — and an easy one — for the man of loose moral fibre, who hears and reads that men of education, of standing and influence, aver and urge that he is not in conscience bound to give allegiance to one provision of the Constitution, is not in conscience bound to observe one statute, because it interferes with his liberty to do as he pleases in that matter, to come to the conclusion that he is not in conscience bound to observe another law, and then another, which interferes with the liberty he would have to do some other act but for the law; and when he is told that many of the best citizens violate a part of the law without compunction, what conclusion can he reach but that he may violate any part of it without compunction? 8 LAW ENFORCEMENT The difference between civilization and barbarism is in the pres- ence or absence of law. The very idea of law in a community carries with it the surrender of individual freedom of action for the good of the whole body. In a state of barbarism one may walk or drive where he please, unless the “personal liberty” of another stronger than he interferes. In Washington one must drive on the right-hand side of the street. Why? Because the community has decided that the welfare of the whole, of which he is a part, demands that he be deprived of liberty to drive where he please, and compelled to go on the right-hand side. Does anyone contend that “man cannot be made over by law” in this matter? . Does anyone contend that because “the instinct of personal liberty is very strong” he has a right to endanger the safety of everyone in the street, including himself, by asserting his personal liberty and driving on the left-hand side? What is the difference between insuring the safety of travel by depriving men of their personal liberty through compelling them to drive on the right side, and compelling them to be sober when driving through depriving them of the means of getting drunk? The real source of the embarrassment to the enforcement of the law is, not that the law interferes with personal liberty, — any law which has any effect upon the conduct of the individuals composing society does that—— must do that— but that so many well inten- tioned persons, thoughtlessly, or following some process of unsound reasoning, join hands with those who intentionally violate the law and give them aid and comfort in attempting to justify their unlaw- ful conduct. There is no right of personal liberty to perpetuate an institution which the law condemns. In this country that the liquor traffic shall be exterminated is established by solemn resolution of the electorate. That it ought not to exist is admitted by those making the argu- ments and claims I have been discussing when they say either by way of preface or conclusion to every discussion, ““We do not desire to bring back intoxicating liquor”; ‘““There is no intention ever to bring back the saloon.” ‘Those who say this honestly surely cannot have thought out the result to which their arguments tend. The rest “do protest too much’. Again, if it be true that “the prohibitory law has never been practically in effect,’ that “it has been a disastrous, tragic failure,” that “the Government is powerless to enforce it,” in what way does it interfere with the personal liberty of those who drink intoxicants ? The answer is, as everybody knows, that by reason of the exist- ence of national prohibition, by reason of its practical effect, by reason of the exertion of the power of the federal government, the trafic in liquor is becoming day by day more and more difficult and dangerous to carry on. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 9 As the application of the. federal power grows more strict, and the manufacture within the country and importation from without become more restricted, as the business becomes more difficult and dangerous, the price of the goods dealt in rises, and right there is where the shoe pinches; right there is the evidence which cannot be controverted, that the federal government is not “powerless to enforce” the law. I maintain that to show the law, any law, is violated, is: not to show that it is not being enforced, or that it cannot be enforced. If that argument were sound, then because crimes of murder, rape, robbery, smuggling, stealing, embezzlement continue to be committed, we must say the penalties against them cannot be imposed. No one thinks that. As the amount of liquor available for consumption decreases, and the price of liquor rises and the profit per quart or per gallon increases, new and keener wits and ingenuity are attracted to the business, new and complicated and skilful schemes are devised for evading the law, and constantly increasing watchfulness, activity and study required for their detection; many of them go on for a time without detection. But ways of meeting and overcoming them are found, and can be found for all of them. Recently someone made an argument that the great increase of cases in Court for violation of the prohibitory law is an indication that the law is not being and cannot be enforced. I submit that that increase in cases in Court is an index of the activities which have resulted in whiskey being unobtainable except at an expense many times as great as before those activities were exerted by the federal government. And as the work of detection, seizure and arrest resulting in such cases in Court goes on, the extinction of the trafic draws so much nearer. That this traffic may be declared an evil thing, and may be abated under the provisions of the now existing law is firmly settled by judicial decision of the highest court. What remains in the way of its complete abatement? The temptation to make money in the traffic, created by those who either wilfully or thoughtlessly disregard their highest obliga- tions to their country and themselves and offer and pay for viola- tion of the law a bribe large enough to offset the danger of prose- cution, fine and imprisonment. To those “thousands of the best citizens of the country who have no compunctions whatever about violating the law” I address the question: — Upon reflection, having called to your attention what your action really means and is in paying an outlaw for violating the law of your country in order to furnish you the means of grati- fying your desire for drink, don’t you think it better to refrain from such bribery in the future? 10 LAW ENFORCEMENT Don’t you feel that, unless you so refrain, there may be some doubt about your being longer entitled to the designation “best citizens of the country?” Can you afford to endanger your property, your safety, your lives, and the property, safety and lives of your wives and children by teaching and practicing the doctrine of purchasing the commis- sion of crime? Laying aside for the moment any consideration of your nas as citizens, does not your interest lie the other way? To those who, after considering the character and consequences. of their acts, persist in promoting and fostering the violation of the law, I say that the hand of punishment shall fall as often and as heavily as those now charged with the duty of administering the law can cause it to fall. , To you, the women of this country, I say, you can by your influ-: ence and your votes secure the election and appointment of honest, faithful administrative officers, and the discharge and retirement of those who prove to be dishonest, unfaithful, inefficient. More than this, — Remember that the business of making, transporting and selling liquor is not entered upon from the motives which incite the com- mission of most other crimes, — jealousy, revenge, sudden anger, ill will toward society generally, but only for profit. ‘The market for the goods is the whole foundation of the great cost In money, time and effort of suppression of the traffic. You can see to it that at no social event in your charge shall your tables be disgraced by the presence of unlawful liquor. You can, if you will, make the serving of unlawful liquor at social functions of your acquaintances so unpopular that it will cease. Will you do your part? I notice further on your letterheads, “Allegiance to the Consti- tution” on the one side, “Observance of law” on the other side. With two such supporters staying up its hand, Enforcement of the Law must win. | ‘Then came Amalek and fought with Israel in Rephidim. ‘And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose us out men and go out and fight with Amalek; tomorrow I will stand on top of the hill. “So Joshua did as Moses had said to him and fought with Amalek, and Moses, Aaron and Hur went up to the top of the hill. ‘And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand Amalek prevailed. “But Moses’ hands were heavy; and they took a stone and put it under him and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun. “And Joshua discomfited Amalek and _ his people with the edge of the sword.” WASHINGTON CONVENTION 11 FOREWORD The tumult and the shouting dies, The captains and the kings depart. Still stands Thine ancient sacrifice; A broken and a contrite heart. Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet; Lest we forget, lest we forget. T THE close of one of the most remarkable conventions ever held by women echoed this verse of the Recessional. “There was conviction that the convention had come not through human agencies, but that the Committee had been divinely led in appointing it for April 11 to 13. The dates were finally set January 4. There was then no knowledge of the terrific attack of the small minority of anti-prohibitionists in Congress and the hearing which they were determined to secure. The only thought was that the time had come for a careful con- sideration of the situation, in view of threats to elect next fall, as many congressmen as possible to work against the Eighteenth Amend- ment and the Volstead Act. It was necessary for the Chairman to go to Florida for a rest. It was impossible at that distance to do very much active work on a convention program. ‘The plan had been suggested to appoint several commissions, giving them time to study the situation and report. ‘This was done. The women who were competent to prepare the reports were very busy, but many were willing to give time to what they con- sidered the leading issue before the nation. ‘The reports of the com- missions and their members will appear in this report. It was necessary after the appointment of the dates April 12 and 13, to move the convention back a day beginning Sunday the 11th. It was perfectly evident before the convention was over that here again was a Divine appointment as the convention began on Sunday. The report of the church women’s commission presented by Mrs. Herbert Goodman, the Secretary, in the absence of the Chairman, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, of New York, was a fitting opening to a convention made up largely of church organizations. Great hymns inspired the audience; “Lead On, O King Eternal”’ was the marching song. ‘Faith of Our Fathers,” “Oh, God, Our Help in Ages Past” took the place of ordinary patriotic music of political conventions, for this was a citizens’ convention to discuss and approve practical, clean politics in place of the corrupt political machine which has too long controlled the affairs of our nation. 12 LAW ENFORCEMENT The greeting from President Coolidge was read by the Chairman. There, too, rang the religious note. After the reading of the opening address by the Chairman of the oman’s National Committee for Law Enforcement, Mrs. Herbert Goodman of Chicago presented Mrs. Bennett’s report with the reso- lutions. ‘Those who spoke on the resolutions represented more than twelve million women. ‘This estimate is based on the last census of the Protestant churches numbering over thirty millions in member- ship. Of these at least sixty per cent are women. ‘Those who spoke were Mrs. Katherine Silverthorn, President of the Federation of Women’s Foreign Mission Boards; Mrs. Wilcox, who took the place of Mrs. John Ferguson, President of the Council of Women for Home Missions; Mrs. Jeannette Emrich, appointed by the Fed- eral Council of Churches; Miss Helen Davis, National Secretary of the Young Woman’s Christian Association; Mrs. D. E. Waid of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions. We have been un- able to secure the manuscript of these significant and valuable ad- dresses in time for the first edition of this report. Lieutenant Colonel Hamon, representing Commander Evangeline Booth of the Salvation Army, made a distinct contribution. Her statement regarding their relief homes showed that instead of the fifty per cent of cases received before prohibition due to alcohol only one per cent is now due to that cause. Her testimony was effective against assertions of liquor men in the wet hearing. Two convention addresses were broadcast in New York City. S. Parkes Cadman, D.D., President, Federated Council of Churches, and Rev. Daniel Poling, D.D., National President, Young People’s Society of Christian Endeavor, spoke for the convention, reaching over the radio great numbers who could not be in Washington. The meeting closed with an interesting three-minute talk by Rev. William S. Abernethey, President, Federation of Churches of Wash- ington, D.C., who told the story in the Ninth Chapter of Judges illustrating political methods in Old Testament times and the vic- tory by a woman over Abimelech, the corrupt political leader whom Jotham was opposing. He quoted verses 50 and 55 which we rec- ommend to all women. At seven o'clock in the Hall of Nations, Hotel Washington, a National Prayer Meeting was held, led by Mrs. Robert E. Speer, President of the National Young Women’s Christian Association. Perhaps in that hour of prayer lies the secret of the convention. It was not one prayer meeting but hundreds meeting throughout the afternoon and evening. ‘The women of America, feeling the weak- ness of human leadership, called on God and He heard and an- swered. Programs with hymns, prayer and Scripture passages, for more than two hundred groups, were sent throughout the states. When the first message went out to California for appointment of certain women on the commissions, the reply came quickly back WASHINGTON CONVENTION 13 from Mrs. Paul Raymond, Chairman of the Committee of Five Thousand, in a telegram: “May we have a simultaneous meeting under direction of our Committee of Five Thousand which is ready to become active whenever needed. Could you secure radio and give us your commission reports, resolutions, addresses, so that we might really hold a simultaneous convention?” That suggested the possibility of such conventions in other states. An opportunity was given in the meeting of the Woman’s Council of the Methodist Church South, held in Raleigh, North Carolina, to secure leadership through that splendid organization of women who pledged themselves in the Council to go home and work quickly to hold simultaneous meetings in their territory. The action was made an action of the convention, the chairman of the Social Serv- ice Committee codperated and messages went through the Southern states like magic. Meetings were called, programs were sent and action was taken in the form of hundreds of telegrams, letters and petitions which reached Washington, April 12, the day of the hear- ing in the Senate. Other states responding were Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Maryland, New: York, Ohio, Illinois, South Dakota, Texas which had three groups, Mis- sissippi, Virginia, Arkansas and Florida, until nearly every state was in line. Some instead of one great meeting planned hundreds of smaller ones. The greatest was in California. Their conven- tion lasted for three days in the Fairmount Hotel, San Francisco, and culminated in a luncheon of twelve hundred women, twice as many as gathered in the main convention in Washington. Columbus, Ohio, led by Mrs. William Alexander, secured the Senate Chamber in the State Capitol. The wife of the Governor sent out a ringing radio call and the women of all creeds met Monday, April 12, for a great program of prayer and inspiration. Charleston, W. Va., with many other cities took quick action, held a great luncheon at which the Governor spoke. Here is a letter from one of the little towns: “Send us the material for our prayer meeting Sunday, April 11. There are only 350 of us all told, but we are with you and shall be praying.” This with thousands of centers listening in to the messages and sending them up to the Heavenly Throne accounted for the very unusual character of the Woman’s Convention in Washington. At eight o’clock Sunday, immediately following the prayer serv- ice, the convention listened to the report of the Commission on Home Training and Observance of Law by Mrs. John Dickinson Sherman, President of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs and member of the Executive Committee. Mrs. Sherman, because of her own illness and sorrow, was prevented from coming to the meeting, but this did not prevent her from preparing her report 14 LAW ENFORCEMENT which was read by Mrs. W. M. Sippel, President of State Federa- tion of Clubs of Maryland. Mrs. Boole’s interesting and informing report followed and called forth discussion. The value of these commissions lies in their authority and the fact that they have been thought out so carefully by some of the ablest women in the land. These commis- sion membership lists indicate the type of women available when need arises. The closing message by Bishop Freeman challenged the women to example in society and in the home. ‘The convention adjourned until two o’clock Monday afternoon. THE HEARING For a week the Sub-Committee of the Judiciary of the Senate had listened to the attacks on the Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead Act. The papers were flooded with propaganda of the liquor forces. On Monday morning, April 12th, it was granted to the women of the Convention to open the Hearing for Prohibi- tion forces. For the first time in history women went to the Capitol to defend the Constitution. In the Providence of God they were there, though when the dates for the Convention were set early in January, no one knew of the bills to be presented or the forcing of the issue in the Senate. Very quiet arrangements had been made for the women of many of the churches to meet at the Capitol steps, accompanying the group called by the Chairman to appear at the hearing. It was a glorious morning of sunshine and cherry blossoms. Groups of women com- ing from all directions massed until there were a thousand gathered at nine-thirty. Camera and film men were in attendance. Sixty- five representatives walked over to the Senate Office Building to give testimony, others followed and there was difficulty in getting through to the small room, where, after long waiting in the hall, they met Senator Walsh, Chairman, Senator Harrold and Senator Reed of Missouri, who later assumed the role of cross examiner. There was hardly standing room for the witnesses. It might have been possible to go into a larger room in that great Capitol and to have seated the women, some of them past middle age. Most of them stood from 9.30 to 12. Senator Reed in the center, with a cigar in his mouth, occupied a comfortable chair and with evident enjoyment cross questioned the witnesses, consuming so much time that less than half could give their testimony. There was no objection to important cross questioning, but hay- ing made a point two or three times it seemed unnecessary to con- tinue. However, all acted in good humor and good part and the Honorable Senator from Missouri, about ten minutes before time to adjourn, wearied of his task and left. Perhaps it was worth WASHINGTON CONVENTION 15 while to have the enormous propaganda of the hearings, some with small foundation, much of it vain repetition, in order to bring the women from the convention to the Capitol and allow them to see the thing as it should not be done. The dignity and propriety which should belong to the Senate of the United States was not marked in this hearing. ‘The reporters did their part well, dealing fairly, both at the hearing and through the sessions of their con- vention. We will not attempt to give the report, as it may be obtained in full from the Congressional Record of April 12th, which may be secured on application. “There were dramatic moments. The women were expert leaders in great enterprises, accustomed to thinking on their feet, too quick to be misled by catch questions, and all convinced of the righteousness of their cause. “There was no question about the vast numbers they represented. Presidents of great missionary societies, Federations and Councils, Y.W.C.A., W.C.T.U., General Federation of Clubs. It was clear that they became afhliated nearly four years ago to speak with one voice on these questions on which they are in fundamental agreement for just this occasion. All were deeply moved as the representative of the colored race spoke, a woman of culture, a teacher, President of Federation of Clubs for Colored Women, representative of 15,000,- 000 of her race. She told of the gain to her people from pro- hibition, the negro buys a little home, his children are better clothed and fed. And she added, “We've got to live beside you, we've got to come into your homes and take care of your children. You don’t want my people to have liquor so long as we must live beside you.” The Fifteenth Amendment, the Eighteenth Amend- ment and the Nineteenth Amendment met in that room and knew they must live together. Monday afternoon at two o'clock the Convention met in the Hall of Nations to listen to reports of two of the Commissions, Political Assets and Liabilities, Chairman, Mrs. William Harri- son Cade, Chicago, and the one on the Legal Situation, by Mrs. Herbert J. Gurney of Boston. After discussion and adoption of the resolutions the Convention listened to stirring addresses by Hon. Grant M. Hudson, Chairman of the Committee on Traffic in Alcohol, and Hon. Louis Cramton, whose bill for securing civil service standards had just passed. Then followed an address by Professor Henry W. Farnam, of Yale, extremely interesting and full of valuable information, as his contributions always are. Dr. Ellen Potter, from the State Department of Pennsylvania, was called to the platform and spoke briefly. At five o’clock a group of charming hostesses led by Mrs. Waltate Radcliffe, Chairman of the Reception Committee, welcomed the delegates at tea. 16 LAW ENFORCEMENT The evening program was held in the First Congregational Church and the pastor, Rev. Jason Noble Pierce, led in the open- ing service. Honorable Morris Sheppard, United States Senator from Texas and author of the Eighteenth Amendment, after an ovation from the audience, presented with great eloquence some of the weak points in the enemy’s armor. He was followed by General Lincoln C. Andrews, Assistant Secretary of the Treas- ury, who called on the women to do their part locally while the Government endeavored to meet the demands of the Federal law. Mr. John Nesbit sang an old song which delighted the audience, “The Old Flag That Never Touched the Ground.” We've been in many a fix Since 1776 But the old flag never touched the ground. Commander Stephen S. Yandell, of the Coast Guard, painted a graphic picture of the life of the boys out in the little boats, guarding their country from foreign enemies who break our laws, and from disloyal, often alien, enemies of our own country. The women would like to know why the Congress of the United States should hesitate to appropriate the money needed to equip these lads with better boats and to make them as comfortable as possible in their life of adventure and hardship. Commander Yandell disposed of many of the vicious lies which have been told by opponents of prohibition and we wonder why a man who is defending his Government should be punished as a criminal while the real offender brings action against him. The final address by William G. Shepherd, of Collier’s, points out in a picturesque and interesting way the coming of the Eight- eenth and Nineteenth Amendments. Mr. Shepherd is a master story teller and believes with all his heart in this work which women are trying to do. It was a great evening. Tuesday morning, at nine-thirty, Mrs. William ‘Tilton pre- sented her commission report on Education which we give in full; the addresses by Miss Cora Stoddard, Mrs. George Mathes, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Miss Charl Williams, of the National Education Association, and Miss Grace Abbott, of the Children’s Bureau. The women listened with intense interest. The commission plan has proved to be a very valuable one, not merely inspirational addresses, but carefully collected and digested facts presented in concise and interesting form, available for use and all followed by practical resolutions. After special consideration of the children through these ex- perts, the message from Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Junior, on behalf of the children in the home, which will not be forgotten. If we fail, then our children will fail and our country will fail. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 17 No one is better qualified than Mrs. Rockefeller to bring the “mother’s message’ to a convention like this. At 12.45 in a rather raw wind, the group proceeded to the White House where President Coolidge received the delegates and a picture was taken. The women then hurried back to the Hotel to the Allegiance Luncheon, Hall of Nations, to listen to a re- markable program which stirred every one, including young reporters. One said: “I never in my life heard such an address as that of the Attorney General.” Mrs. Harlan Fiske Stone, wife of a justice of the Supreme Court, the former Attorney Gen- eral, presided charmingly. She could do it with perfect sincerity, for unlike some privileged women in Washington, Mrs. Stone observes the law. After grace by Bishop McDowell and a solo by Mrs. Rose Smith Stahl, the great address of the convention was given by the Attorney General of the United States, Honorable John Garibaldi Sargent. No one can look at the Attorney General and not be- lieve in his sincerity and ability. No one could listen to him that day without the realization that we have a great man in a great office. Over and over as he spoke simply and directly, the stern truth, the audience arose to their feet in their approval and appre- ciation. This masterly, compelling address was followed by re- marks by the much beloved Honorable Mabel Walker Wille- brandt, Assistant Attorney General, to whom the women of the convention presented a bouquet of roses and sweet peas, with an appropriate spray of the flower suggested by Mrs. Willebrandt’s effective work—the snapdragon. Mrs. Gifford Pinchot spoke briefly but strongly and efficiently on a topic not new to her or to Governor Pinchot. A patriotic and earnest address by Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook, President of the Daughters of the American Revolution, assured us that other societies than those actually affliated were standing firm for this cause. A letter from the Secretary of the Navy, Hon. Curtis D. Wil- bur, and a closing message from Vice President Dawes. April 13, 1926. Dear Mrs. Peabody: I may not be able to attend the luncheon of the Women’s National Law Enforcement Committee. I am in entire sympathy with the purposes of your organization. Without law there can be no govern- ment. Without enforcement of law there can be neither law nor government. ‘Those who violate law must be either persuaded or compelled to observe the law if government is to be preserved. ‘The security of our property, our liberty and our lives lies in the en- actment and enforcement of laws for their preservation by a gov- 18 LAW ENFORCEMENT ernment strong enough to maintain them, no matter how large or powerful or well organized the lawless element may be. Every government official is pledged to the preservation of law and order and the upholding of the Government. Your codperation is not only welcome but extremely helpful. Sincerely yours, Curtis D. WILBUR. My dear Mrs. Peabody: Will you kindly convey my greetings and best wishes to the mem- bers of the Woman’s National Committee for Law Enforcement meeting in their second annual convention. Any body or group which has for its purpose the preservation of the Constitution and the enforcement of law must have the com- mendation of all officials of our Government and of the patriotic citizens of our Country. In this time when the lack of law observance is so widespread it is gratifying to find the women organizing in support of the law and the Constitution, and all good citizens wish them success in their patriotic work. With best regards, I am, Very sincerely yours, CuHarLes G. Dawes. THE WONDERFUL WASHINGTON COMMITTEE The Washington Committee was represented by Mrs. William L. Darby, its chairman, who brought the report of registration, 609 delegates representing 26 states. Words fail when we think of this Committee with its marvelous record of achievement. There could hardly have been a Woman’s National Convention without this committee wonderfully organized, a committee with a soul. How they worked and with what beautiful results! “The thanks of the National Committee and the Convention go to the Washington Committee and its Chairman becomes Chairman of the Executive Committee of our National Committee—so welding the two groups for the future. REGISTRATION Japan 1, Arkansas 1, California 2, Connecticut 4, Florida 13, Georgia 1, Illinois 3, Indiana 1, Kansas 1, Kentucky 1, Maine 1, Maryland 45, Massachusetts 10, Michigan 2, Minnesota 1, Missis- sippi 1, Missouri 1, New Hampshire 1, New Jersey 37, New York 44, North Carolina 1, Ohio 6, Pennsylvania 22, Rhode Island 5, South Carolina 1, South Dakota 1, Virginia 6. ‘Total 213. Dis- trict of Columbia 297, Committee 95. otal registration 605. States represented 26. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 19 OPENING ADDRESS Woman’s NaTIONAL CONVENTION FOR LAw ENFORCEMENT Mrs. Henry W. PEasopy, Chairman Aprit 11, 1926 HE Woman’s National Committee for Law Enforcement is an affiliation of nine great national organizations of women. It is without constitution, by-laws or paid membership. ‘Three years ago certain questions of law observance and law enforcement affect- ing the home and the school, those departments for which women are responsible in large measure, seemed to demand study and ex- pression, in order that women generally might not be misled by prejudiced and incorrect statements. It was quite clear that ques- tions are bound to arise, and it is important that women who agree in the main on certain fundamental principles be prepared to speak when they find themselves in practical agreement. The leaders of the movement are all voluntary workers. There are no salaried officers. It is not political, since it includes women of both parties. “The Committee finds little to do in the great groups of women in the South, or with the thinking women in the North and West. Under the leadership of this national group State groups have been formed, often securing affiliation of many more organizations since certain national organizations like the D. A. R. can not affiliate nationally. The state groups, however, are free to serve where most needed. ‘The field of operation has been New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersy, Maryland, Rhode Is- land, Massachusetts, Kentucky, Illinois, and Ohio. The great centers of lawlessness are in the large cities and in the States of New York and Maryland, which have no State enforcement law, without which it is impossible for the Federal Government to work efficiently, since the 18th Amendment provides for concurrent action. NUMBER OF WOMEN IN ORGANIZATIONS We are asked how many women we represent in these codperat- ing organizations. Estimating Protestant church women on the last church census basis we find more than thirty millions enrolled in Protestant churches. ‘The proportion of women members in the churches is something over sixty per cent. A moderate estimate, then, would be eighteen millions. We eliminate one-third, to be generous—women who might possibly not be with us, though we have no idea that there could be as many as six million women, or one million women in the churches, who would stand against law enforcement. We can easily count, then, twelve million women, 20 LAW ENFORCEMENT without duplication, who are included in these church groups. ‘They are in the main thinking women and rather above the average in intelligence. Among them are the mothers, Sunday School teachers, missionary leaders, a large group of school teachers and members of the active young people’s organizations. Club women are also church women. We regret that we can not include in our program women rep- resenting the great Roman Catholic Church, many of whom are loyal believers in prohibition and are devoted followers of Father Mathew, who lives on through the admirable little Catholic paper, The Father Mathew Man. A fine cooperative group of Jewish women is with us though not affliated in our organization. PROHIBITION OR LAW ENFORCEMENT? We are also asked whether this is purely a prohibition movement. The statement on our letterhead answers this: “THE WOMAN’S NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT IS TO WORK FOR ENFORCEMENT OF ALL LAW, WITH SPECIAL, STRESS,.AD (PRESENT, cON | fee turmoil and upheaval of the last twelve years have brought the mind of the world to an almost chaotic state. New ideals are struggling with old conventions and habit. In this country the situation is made more complicated by our unprecedented prosperity. More people than ever before are able to give their families good food, clothes, education and many of the pleasant things of life; there the willingness to give seems in many cases to end, and readi- ness that was so common during the war to make: sacrifices for a cause seems strangely wanting. But I know there are two points, on the value of which all Americans agree; these are the welfare of their children and the justice of a ‘“‘square deal.” I should like to make, through the women of this Commission, a plea that the chil- dren of the United States be given a “square deal’’ by their parents and older relations. A man once said to me that a parent should be either an “awful warning” or a “good example.” Is it not possible that we can become in very truth a “good example,” for the pity of it all is that the children believe in us and try to be like us, inconsis- tent though we often are! We pretend to be Christians but how few of Christ’s commands do we really obey! We are a Republic; we make our own laws, and yet we so often treat them with scorn and contempt! Why not be honest with ourselves and admit that our children will not be the highminded, fine people that we want and expect them to be, unless we—their parents—set them an example of being just and law-abiding citizens. WIN THE BOYS AND GIRLS I wished, as I sat there last night and this morning, that we could add to the program of this convention boys and girls filling every one of these seats, and General Andrews and our Coast Guard repre- sentative speaking to them, saying, “Boys and girls, this is what we want you to do!” Why can we not set up over this land meetings in which our officials speak to boys’ and girls’ meetings in which the appeal is made to them. I thought about the Academy of Music in Philadelphia. Why can’t we have that filled with boys and girls in Philadelphia? I thought about Dr. Elliott, our Director of Public Safety, a Sunday School superintendent himself. Why do our boys and girls have to get their messages second-hand? Why can’t we get such audiences as have never been assembled in America before, all over this land of ours of the boys and girls? —MRS. E. C. CRONK. 58 LAW ENFORCEMENT COMMISSION ON ALLEGIANCE Mrs. ROSWELL MILLER, New York | HE Commission on Allegiance to the Constitution and Ob- servance of Law represents the patriotic sentiment and loyalty essential to every true American. Mrs. Roswell Miller, First Vice President of the Woman’s National Committee for Law Enforce- ment, has been seriously ill and therefore unable to present her report. She has, however, an admirable group of women who repre- sent intangible values which become evident in any national crisis. It was the spirit of the women during the war which led them to sacrifice and conservation in all nations and made them undertake tasks which they had never attempted before. It is that intangible but none the less real asset which must strengthen women today in the great task before them. As women citizens they are called to high allegiance to the best interests of the nation, without regard to their own personal predispositions or privileges. Mrs. Rosweitit MILuer, Chairman, New York City Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook Mrs. Jesse Nicholson Washington, D. C. Chevy Chase, Md. Mrs. Lewis Thompson Mrs. Chauncey Hamlin Red Bank, New Jersey. me uttalargNituy 4 Mrs. H. S. Prentiss Nichols Miss Alida Lattimore Philadelphia, Pa. New York City Mrs. Philip North Moore Mrs. Hosmer H. Billings St. Louis, Mo. Elmira, N. Y. Mrs. Henry W. Farnam Mrs. Clarence Macy New Haven, Conn. Rochester, N. Y. Mrs. Eugene Levering Baltimore, Md. Tate TE ERE Pa PAR RR A ST DPS A ERI WS BA GA RE RE EEE WOMEN WHO ILLEGALLY USE OR SERVE ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS ARE DISLOYAL “You can see to it that at no social event in your charge shall your tables be disgraced by the presence of unlawful liquor. “You can if you will make the serving of unlawful liquor at social functions of your acquaintances so unpopular that it will’ cease. Will you do your part?’ — Attorney General Sargent. SSSR USED SEL SRS MRR ADS ER SR A a A ES AE a RED. Lh LIE WASHINGTON CONVENTION 59 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION AND METHOD Mrs. SAMUEL J. BENS, New York Following the luncheon Mrs. Samuel J. Bens presented the report of the Committee on Organization and Methods. Associated with Mrs. Bens’ commission were the chairmen of all commissions. They were able to meet and confer during the convention and offered as their report a resolution for the coming campain. The end of the Convention must be the beginning of the campaign was the convic- tion of those present. In view of the utterances of the men called in at the Hearing be- fore the Judiciary Committee of the Senate it becomes necessary for women everywhere to correct public opinion misguided through wide- spread propaganda. While this week will bring a refutation of many misleading and incorrect statements it will take every effort the women can put forth to undo the injury which has been done. This report is sent out with the hope that women who read, know- ing the women who have presented it, will understand the situation better than those who merely read the headlines in the newspapers. Most of the city newspapers are either in sympathy with men like Bruce. Edge and Reed, or are hampered by their business affiliations. It is perfectly possible to get a fair treatment if one has real news, as we have found during our Convention. Whether such treatment will be given during the coming conventions which will be held by women in various states where the fight is on we do not know. Since we are threatened with a wet Congress and have had before us the exact amount to be spent in each county in the states where a special campaign will be made, we must be prepared. e The Commissions have all made valuable suggestions. Study and follow them. Call meetings in every town and county. Organize Law Enforcement Committees by affiliating clubs, church women, D. A. R., Parent-Teacher, Grange and all groups that stand for the Eighteenth Amendment, whether you have a State organization or not. BE PREPARED for primaries and elections. A Senator said on the floor of the Senate: “Millions are going to drink, Constitu- 60 LAW ENFORCEMENT tion or no Constitution.” He should be impeached. Women who let disloyal men represent them are dis- loyal. We have the vote. Organize; stir the men to action; counteract propaganda with truth. STUDY THE CANDIDATES Return no men who are not strongly, loyally for the whole Constitution. PRINT A BULLETIN if your Press fails you. It costs little. Get the best advice as to procedure. Be fearless, faithful, fortified with facts, and forever at it till the fight is finished. Keep your sense of humor. It is funny to see men, grown men, acting as some do. PUT UP OUR POSTERS These are the brief Patriotic Political Precepts that will help to correct noisy propaganda. BRING IN THE GIRLS They will make and carry posters and rouse the boys. Bless them! SEND A DOLLAR AND WE WILL SEND YOU LAW ENFORCEMENT MATERIAL 15 Patriotic Political Precepts, Posters’ - - - $.50 Report of Washington Convention - - - =A jsh5 Propaganda Against Prohibition (reprinted from — “Good Housekeeping”’) - - - - - 05 Save America - - - - - - - =e Gee Be) Know Your Courts (Elizabeth Tilton) - - ~iehiers Op) $1.00 In addition we will send you a copy of the Hearing be- fore the Senate Judiciary Committee, April 12, when the women went to the Capitol for the first time in history to defend the Constitution. These pamphlets may be had separately at prices given. Posters in quantity for use in primary and poll campaigns, three sets for a dollar, $25 a hundred sets. Headquarters: 1 ARSENAL SQUARE CAMBRIDGE, MASS. New York Committee, 129 E. 52nd Street Treasurer, Hilda L. Olson, 1 Arsenal Sq., Cambridge, Mass. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 61 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, Pro tem Mrs. EULLA ROSSMAN The first session was held in the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, Sunday afternoon, April 11th, at 3.30 o‘clock, with Mrs. Henry W. Pea- body, National Chairman, presiding. Hymn, “Lead On, O King.” Prayer, Dr. William L. Darby, Secretary Washington Federation of Churches. Hymn, “Faith of Our Fathers.” The message from President Coolidge was read by Mrs. Peabody. An Address was given by Mrs. Peabody, setting forth the aims, ideals and accomplishments of the Law Enforcement Committee. In the absence of the Secretary, Mrs. Frank Shuler, Mrs. Philip M. Rossman was appointed Secretary, pro tem. The following Business Committee was appointed: Mrs. Chauncey Ham- lin, New York; Mrs. Helm Bruce, Kentucky; Miss Hilda Olson, Massa- chusetts; Mrs. Bascom Copenhaver, Virginia; Mrs. Morris Carey, Mary- land; Mrs. George F. Rook, New York; and Mrs. Haines Lippincott, New Jersey. Report of the Commission of Church Women, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, Chair- man, was presented by Mrs. H. E. Goodman, President of the Women’s Board of Foreign Missions of the Northern Baptist Convention, who moved its adoption. Seconded by Mrs. D. E. Waid. Mrs. Goodman spoke on Resolution No. 1. Miss Helen Davis, National Secretary Y.W.C.A., spoke on Resolution No. 2. Seventeen girls from a class of six hundred girls of the Calvary Baptist Church presented poster precepts. Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, Vice President of the Council of Women for Home Missions, spoke on Resolution No. 5, and brought greetings from the Inter-racial Commission in session in Birmingham, Ala. Mrs. E. C. Silverthorn, President of the Federation of Women’s Boards of Foreign Missions, spoke on Resolution No. 4. Mrs. Jeannette W. Emerich, Chairman of the Women’s Commission, Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, spoke on Resolutions 3 and 6. Mrs. D. E. Waid, Council of Women for Home Missions, summed up the discussion. Report adopted unanimously. Lt. Colonel Hamon of the Salvation Army spoke on the improved con- ditions since the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment. Mrs. W. L. Darby, Chairman of the Washington Committee on Law Enforcement, was introduced to the Convention. A solo, “Lest We Forget,” was sung by Mrs. Wayne B. Wheeler. Closing remarks and prayer made by Rey. William S. Abernethy, D.D., President of the Washington Federation of Churches. Adjourned. 62 LAW ENFORCEMENT EVENING SESSION —*SUNDAY, APRIL 11 The evening session was held in the Hall of Nations, Washington Hotel, with Mrs. Peabody presiding. A National Prayer Service was conducted by Mrs. Robert E. Speer, President National Young Women’s Christian Association. The Report of the Commission on Home Training for Observance of Law (see page 33), Mrs. John Dickinson Sherman, President General Federation of Women’s Clubs, was read by Mrs. Sippel of Baltimore. Report accepted. Voted, That a message of sympathy be sent Mrs. Sherman. Report of the Commission on Gains from Prohibition — Moral, Health and Economic (see page 35)—-was presented by the Chairman, Mrs. Ella A. Boole, National President Women’s Christian Temperance Union, who moved its adoption. Seconded by Mrs. Ida B. Smith. Report discussed by Mrs. Richards, President W.C.T.U. of Ohio; Mrs. Nelle G. Burger, President W.C.T.U. of Missouri; Mrs. Ida B. Smith, Vice President National W.C.T.U., and Mrs. Calbot Stevens, Boston, Mass. Report adopted. The following States reported representatives present at the Convention: Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Florida, Missis- sippi, South Carolina, Illinois, California, Iowa, Wyoming, Michigan, Washington and Idaho. Closing words and prayer were given by the Right Reverend James E. Freeman, D.D., Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Washington. Adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. Monday afternoon, the morning being given to the Hearings at the Senate Judiciary Committee. AFTERNOON SESSION — MONDAY, APRIL 12 The session was held in the Hall of Nations, Washington Hotel, at 2 p. m., Mrs. Henry W. Peabody presiding. Singing, “O God, Our Help.” Prayer, Dr. W. L. Darby, Secretary Federation of Churches, Washington. Mrs. Peabody reported briefly the morning Hearing before the Judiciary Committee of the Senate, at which members of the Convention testified in favor of Prohibition and against any modification of the Volstead Act. The Report of the Political Commission (see page 42) was given by Mrs. William Harrison Cade, Federation of Women’s Clubs of Illinois, who moved its adoption. Seconded by Mrs. Harvey Flint. Speakers on the report were: Mrs. Helm Bruce, Mrs. Harvey Flint, Mrs. Haines Lippincott, Mrs. Alice M. Heagy. Report adopted. Address by Professor Henry W. Farnam, Yale University. Address by Dr. Ellen Potter, Chairman of the Alcohol Permit Board of Pennsylvania. Report of Legal Commission (see page 44) was given by the Chairman, Mrs. Herbert J. Gurney, Chairman Woman’s Law Enforcement Committee of New England, who moved its adoption. Seconded by Mrs. William Tilton. Speakers to the report were: Mrs. William Tilton, Mrs. Harvey Flint. Report adopted. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 63 Address made by the Honorable Grant M. Hudson, Chairman of the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic, House of Representatives. Address by Hon. Louis Cramton, author of the Cramton Bill, House of Representatives. The Nominating Committee was appointed as follows: Mrs. H. E. Good- man, Mrs. Samuel Bens, Mrs. Herbert J. Gurney, Mrs. Helm Bruce, Mrs. William L. Darby. Mrs. Wallace Radcliffe invited the Convention to a Tea being given in the Lounge by the Reception Committee. Adjourned. MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 12 The session was held in the First Congregational Church at 8 o’clock, Mrs. Peabody presiding. Hymn, ‘Lead On, O King Eternal.” Prayer by the Pastor, Dr. Jason Noble Pierce. Address by the Honorable Morris Sheppard, United States Senator from Texas, author of the Eighteenth Amendment. Address by General Lincoln C. Andrews, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Solo by Mr. John Nesbit, baritone, who sang by request ‘“The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground,” a song out of print, a copy being found in the Music Department of the Congressional Library. Address by Commander Stephen S. Yandell, Coast Guard. Address by William G. Shepherd of Collier’s. On receiving permission from the Chair, Congressman Upshaw of Georgia read “The Outlaw,’ a song dedicated to Prohibition. Adjourned. MORNING SESSION — TUESDAY, APRIL 13 The session was held in the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church at 9.30 o’clock, Mrs. Peabody presiding. Hymn, “Faith of Our Fathers.” Prayer, Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Council of Women for Home Missions. Report of the Commission on Education (page 48) was made by the Chairman, Mrs. William Tilton, Legislative Chairman Parent-Teacher Association, who moved its adoption. Seconded by Mrs. John Lowe. Speakers to the Report were: Miss Cora Stoddard, Scientific Temperance Society; Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Associate Editor of Everyland; Mrs. George Mathes, Director Illinois Council. Report adopted. Mrs. Peabody mentioned the splendid publicity being given this Con- vention by the Washington papers, the New York Times, World and Herald, and papers all over the country. Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn moved “that a vote of thanks be given to the newspapers of the country which have reported the Convention fully, accurately and sympathetically.” Voted. Mrs. Tilton presented the following resolution and moved its adoption. Seconded by Mrs. Goodman. Adopted. Address made by Miss Charl Williams, Field Secretary National Edu- cation Association. 64 LAW ENFORCEMENT Address by Miss Grace Abbott, Children’s Bureau, Department of Labor. A message from Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.. who was unable to attend the Convention, was read by Mrs. Peabody. The Convention adjourned to go to the White House, where it was received by President Coolidge. A picture of President Coolidge and the Convention was taken on the south lawn of the Executive grounds. AFTERNOON SESSION — TUESDAY, APRIL 13 The Allegiance Luncheon was held in the Hall of Nations, Washington Hotel, at 1.30 p. m., Mrs. Harlan Fiske Stone presiding. Two numbers, “Sheep and Lambs,” Sidney Homer, and “Life,” Pearl Curran, were rendered by Ruby Smith Stahl. Mrs. Peabody introduced the Chairmen of State Law Enforcement Com- mittees and the distinguished guests at the luncheon, and read a letter from Dr. Horace Taft. Mrs. Darby announced that the registration for the Convention was 609, representing 26 States and the District of Columbia. Mrs. Stone stated that similar meetings were being held all over the United States, 150 having been thus far reported. Addresses were made by the Honorable John Garibaldi Sargent, Attor- ney General of the United States, and the Honorable Mabel Walker Wille- brandt, Assistant Attorney General of the United States. Greetings were presented by Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook, President of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, wife of the Governor of Pennsylvania. On behalf of the Convention, Mrs. Peabody thanked the Washington Committee for its courtesy, hospitality and the admirable arrangements for the Convention. A message from Honorable Curtis D. Wilbur, Secretary of the Navy, was read. Mrs. Peabody read a message from Honorable Charles G. Dawes, Vice President of the United States. At the close of the luncheon the final business ‘session of the Convention was held, Mrs. Peabody in the chair. Report of the Commission on Organization and Method (see page 59) was read by the Chairman, Mrs. Samuel J. Bens, Chairman New York Law Enforcement Committee, who moved its adoption. Seconded by Mrs. Chauncy Hamlin. Report adopted. The Nominating Committee reported as follows: Chairman, Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, Mass.; 1st Vice Chairman, Mrs. Roswell Miller, New York, N. Y.; 2nd Vice Chairman, Mrs. Gordon Norrie, New York, N. Y.; Secretary, Mrs. Frank Shuler, New York, N. Y.; Treasurer, Miss Hilda Olson, Cambridge, Mass. Executive Committe, Chairman, Mrs. W. L. Darby; Officers of National Committee; One representative ap- pointed by each afhliated organization; ex officio, Chairmen State Law Enforcement Committees. Executive Committee to appoint Committee at Large. Mrs. Goodman, Chairman of Nominating Committee, moved the adop- tion of the Report. Seconded by Mrs. Herbert Gurney. Report was adopted and the officers declared elected. Adjourned. EULLA T. ROSSMAN, Secretary pro tem. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 65 ADDRESSES of the CONVENTION ADDRESS by Hon. Morris SHEPPARD Senator from Texas; Author of the Eighteenth Amendment INE have the wets demonstrated more completely the inherent weakness of*their cause than at the hearings now in progress before the Senate Judiciary Committee. Exaggerations by many of their witnesses have been so patent and so grotesque, misrepresenta- tions so numerous and so absurd that the whole procedure, so far as wet testimony is concerned, has taken on the appearance of a gigantic farce-—a one hundred per cent farce—not a half of one per cent this time. For instance, a Federal district attorney said that 60 million gallons of industrial alcohol were being diverted annually into intoxicating liquor, and another witness said in effect that every home had become a distillery or a brewery. The district attorney based his calculation on his assertion that immediately be- fore prohibition went into effect nationally, 20 million gallons were being used in the industries. He missed the truth by about 30 million gallons, and his final figures were still more fallacious. Com- pared to this district attorney Baron Munchausen was a paragon of accuracy. The statement of the other witness was a false and unqualified slander on the American home. As a matter of fact the wets, in their efforts to resist the sentiment for righteousness in law and government are rushing like madmen lost in the chaos of an impossible dream. “They belong to a dead age. Evidently many of them have not yet heard that Napoleon returned from Elba or that Queen Victoria finally passed away. ‘They do not understand that a new era has dawned in the United States,—an era marked by the determination of a vast majority of the American people to stand as never before for the integrity of law and its enforcement. They do not understand the real reason for the Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead Act. ‘These measures did not result primarily from the crusade for temperance and total abstinence,—the crusade for better persosal habits,—praiseworthy and inspiring as that movement was. They came about because the liquor traffic was an inveterate breaker of the law,—because it defied every law for its regulation and placed its foul and corrupting hands on government itself. We had reached a point where law 66 LAW ENFORCEMENT could no longer recognize a force that outlawed law. It is true the liquor traffic, branded as a criminal and an outcast, with its allies among the so-called upper classes, the social buttercups and gutterpups, is enabled to maintain a clandestine existence along with the violators of all other laws, but it is infinitely less menacing than in the days of the legalized distillery, brewery and saloon, and must go the way of all evil and all crime. The bootlegger is our next problem, a problem we will solve, but a far simpler problem than that of the open saloon with its glittering temptations, its political power, and its infamous companions,—the gambling hall, the house of prostitution, the white slave trade. In view of these facts the wets have about as much chance to bring back the legalized liquor traffic, to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment or to destroy it under the guise of light wine and dark beer amendment to the Volstead Act as a hummingbird has to fly to the planet Mars. “They have a better chance to bring back the woolly rhinoceros, the saber-tooth tiger and the Heidelberg man. It may be that after imbibing a little bootleg whiskey some people may imagine that such a period has returned, but these ancient things are gone forever. “The bartender and the saloon keeper have joined them and are soon to be followed by the bootlegger as an- other relic ef departed ages. Probably the most amusing of all the performers of the wet cir- cus are the so-called constitutional lawyers and their so-called con- stitutional arguments about personal liberty. You would think from what these gentlemen say that all the great documents of English and American freedom,—the Magna Charta, the Bills of Rights, the first charter of Virginia, the Mayflower Compact, the Massachusetts Body of Liberties, the Fundamental Orders of Con- © necticut, the Declaration of Independence, the Mecklenburg Dec- laration, the Articles of Confederation, the Federal Constitution, Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, the Emancipation Proclamation and the Battle Hymn of the Republic were all written for the express benefit of the rum-runner and the bootlegger in the year of our Lord, 1926,—and in the year A. P. (after prohibition) 7. From what these gentlemen say it was not at Runnymede that English liberties were wrested from King John,—it was Rummy-mede. Ac- cording to their philosophy the greatest battle of the American Revolution was not Yorktown, not Saratoga, not Lexington, not Cowpens, not King’s Mountain, not Bunker Hill,—it was Brandy- wine. ‘They do not seem to grasp the fundamental fact that liberty must be defined in terms of human welfare,—that the liberty of women and children to have a decent and comfortable existence is superior to the liberty of men and women to debauch themselyes,— that the person who will not subordinate appetite to the general well-being is not a good American. Enormous decreases in the consumption of intoxicating liquors WASHINGTON CONVENTION 67 and a consequent improvement in the economic condition of the masses are among the benefits already flowing from prohibition. Breweries have been changed into banks, distilleries into flour mills, saloons into business houses of every legitimate type, with tre- mendous increments in realty values. Fiegenspan and Busch are making temperance drinks and I next expect to hear that Von Hin- denburg and the Kaiser are breeding doves. Men of the type of Judge Gary of the Steel Corporation, Presi- dent Edgerton of the National Association of Manufacturers, rail- road presidents like Gray of the Union Pacific, Harahan of the Chesapeake and Ohio, Storey of the Santa Fe, cotton manufacturers like Schoolfield and Comer are a unit in acclaiming from personal knowledge the blessings already realized by the working masses from prohibition. Judge Gary, head of an organization employing more than 300,000 people, tells us that the improvement in the condition of these people during the last few years is one of the most remarkable chapters ever written in the history of civilization and is attributable to prohibition. Evangeline Booth, of the Salva- tion Army, an organization more intimately in touch perhaps than all others with families impoverished by drink in pre-prohibition days, tells us that a marvelous change for the better has already occurred. To the claim that our prohibition laws are in conflict with the historic doctrine of American individualism, an interference on the part of government with individual liberty, we need but reply that no more vicious and more terrible menace ever threw a more sin- ister shadow over individual initiative, freedom and opportunity than that which comes from the liquor habit and the liquor traffic. In the struggle between law and order on the one side and liquor anarchy on the other, there can be but one result, — the triumph of prohibition. 68 LAW ENFORCEMENT MABEL WALKER WILLEBRANDT Assistant United States Attorney General IN RESPONSE TO A GREETING AT THE LUNCHEON APRIL 13 SAW carved in the marble of the new Nebraska State capitol building two sentences, — “The salvation of the state is watch- fulness of the citizen,’ and ‘‘Political society exists for the sake of noble living.’’ Despoilers of government and those indifferent to the Constitution have insisted upon the protection of the laws when their personal rights are jeopardized, but they have failed to appre- ciate the real kernel and purpose of all government, all laws, all civic effort — the purpose of achieving, individually and as a nation, increased opportunity to live on a nobler plane. Women, in the main unrestricted by enmeshing political com- promises and obligations, are best fitted to insist upon noble living as the purpose of constitutional government. The storm of talk and argument over the wisdom, the form, the political expediency of the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment, may obscure for a time, but it cannot permanently hide the fact that what brought the Eighteenth Amendment was that the great majority of the Amer- ican people seek to make government more surely guarantee con- ditions of civic cleanliness and individual uprightness. Whatever mistakes may be listed in the first six years of effort to enforce the amendment, the purpose back of it which gave it birth is more clearly seen and believed in than ever before. When so overwhelming a majority of the states adopted pro- hibition policies of their own prior to the adoption of it as a federal policy, we are forced to conclude that in the development of gov- ernments there is an inevitable movement toward protection and guarantee of opportunity for sobriety and righteousness as well as the well accepted guarantees of business and financial privilege and liberty. That these moral purposes in government have been brought about oftentimes by the vote of men whose own lives did not meas- ure up to the standards their vote set, only proves that they felt the pressure from the people behind them and yielded to the inevit- ableness of the civic trend. It further proves the tremendous and unmeasured power of woman opinion throughout the country. It is irrefutable that, generally speaking, women stand for law, for government guaranteeing the best possible conditions to bring out the noblest in human nature, for prohibition and the stamping out of liquor, narcotics, and social vice, the admitted enemies of the youth of any nation. More concessions were made to this inchoate “opinion of the women’ when they were first enfranchised in WASHINGTON CONVENTION 69 formidable numbers than at present; and the answer is not because women have changed their desire for these righteous aims of civic life, but because they have, in many instances, relaxed in the vigi- lant assertion of that interest and have, as a consequence, lost po- litical influence. Underworld forces in political life that at first conceded to the so-called woman vote in each party now have rallied and are doing battle against the extension of such ideas which em- brace the complete destruction of their cherished rendezyous and stations of power. “The salvation of the state is watchfulness of the citizen.’ Par- ticularly to this group should it mean watchfulness of the women. While men are the physical defenders of a nation in times of war, women increasingly, by their great national organizations, are com- ing to be the defenders of its laws and highest constitutional aims in times of peace. Watchful units of women, taking their stand within the party of their choice, and through their non-political so- cial groups, can keep public officials delivering their very best, even though through the recurrent accidents of popular elections such officials may sometimes be the kind that, unwatched, would slight the task in hand. Women can set social standards on the founda- tion of law observance. “They can make it stylish to observe law, and surely their minds are facile enough to find sources of so-called humor outside the bootlegger jingle. A lawless element grows always as a parasite upon a dead or dormant civic body. Look to whether your community is a good market for liquor. If it is, it is bound to be a breeding place for defiance of the Constitution and ridicule of authority, more silken, but quite as dangerous as a rendezvous of so-called “reds.’’ As for me, I have no greater fear for my Government being torn down by active attack than I have for it to be rotted by self-indulgence, evasion, hypocrisy, and graft. And I know the latter are not caused by prohibition but are revealed by the efforts to enforce it. Bribers, once harbored in low-dive saloons into which most citizens never © looked, are now turned out into the pitiless searchlight of popular view and scorn. To point out these wharf-rats of lawlessness crawl- ing away from their burning harbor and -ask, as some voices may be heard to do today, that because of fear of them, this sovereign nation should retreat in the campaign it has publicly undertaken to enforce prohibition is to me only cowardly surrender in the middle of a heroic task. How much truer to American ideals it is to stand as Joshua did in the midst of a fearful and indecisive people and hold fast to the Constitution today as he did to divine power, then, saying: “But as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.” 70 LAW ENFORCEMENT ADDRESS by COMMANDER STEPHEN YANDELL, Coast Guard Nee are assembled here, I take it, for the purpose of lending your moral support to the efforts of the Federal Government to enforce the statutes of the United States and to uphold the Con- stitution. I am not here to discuss any matter of a controversial nature. Even if I would, I could not, with propriety, as an officer in the service of the United States, discuss, at a public meeting of this. character, the advantages or disadvantages, the merits or de- merits, the wisdom or the unwisdom, of the prohibition law. Surely the subject of supporting the Constitution of the United States, of enforcing the laws placed upon the statute books by the representa- tives of the people in Congress assembled, and the duty of every citi- zen to obey the law as solemnly enacted, are outside the realm of controversy and argument. “The United States Coast Guard, like every other branch of the Federal Government, was created by, and is supported and continued by, the people of this country. I am here to tell you something of what the Coast Guard is doing, and of the spirit in which it is doing it, to carry out its particular duty with respect to the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution. What is the particular sphere of activity with which the Coast Guard is charged in this matter? One of the duties imposed by law upon the Service at the time of its creation, in 1790, and con- tinuing to this day, is the protection of the customs laws of the United States. In the early years of the history of this country there was considerable smuggling by sea, when swift sailing craft would steal into secluded bays and inlets and endeavor to land mer- chandise without paying the prescribed customs dues. The Coast Guard cutters had to combat this activity, which they succeeded in stamping out, and smuggling of that character practically disappeared and was almost unheard of until its resumption, in the form of liquor smuggling, following the enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment. The Coast Guard is not charged with the duty of enforcing the prohibition laws; it is charged with the duty of preventing the smuggling of intoxicating liquor into the United States from the sea. It is, of course, perfectly obvious that as the Coast Guard succeeds in stopping the importations from the sea of intoxicating liquor, it contributes, to just that extent, in an indirect way, to the enforcement of the prohibition law. Many people now read about the Coast Guard with, I am afraid, little knowledge of its history or of its long established functions. I believe, then, that I may, with advantage, first try to give you some idea of what the Coast Guard really is and some conception of its splendid traditions and record of honorable ser- WASHINGTON CONVENTION 71 vice, because these things have a direct bearing on its ability to perform any work it has to do. The Coast Guard is now in its 136th year. It is one of the oldest organizations under the Federal Government. Created by an Act of the First Congress, approved by President Washington on August 4, 1790, it has made, through its history of over a cen- tury and a quarter, an honorable and distinguished record of ser- vice, both in peace and in war. Constituting, under the law, a part of the military forces of the United States, its military his- tory is in keeping with the highest traditions of the armed forces of the nation. When the War of the Revolution was won, the Continental Navy was disbanded and the Coast Guard formed the only de- fense of the young republic afloat until a navy was organized, a few years later. ‘The first commission issued by President Wash- ington to any officer afloat was that bestowed upon Hopley Yeaton, of New Hampshire, as a captain in the Coast Guard. ‘The Presi- dent was authorized by the Congress to use the cutters to defend the seacoasts and the maritime commerce of the United States. From that time to this, the Service has played a distinguished part in every war in which this country has been engaged. Do you know that of the 22 prizes captured by the United States during the difficulties with France, in 1798 and 1799, the Coast Guard cutters captured 18, unaided, and assisted in the capture of two others; that a Coast Guard vessel made the first capture during the War of 1812; that the piracy which prevailed during the first part of the 19th century in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea owed its suppression chiefly to the Coast Guard; that the cutters participated actively in the Seminole Indian War, in the Mexican War, in the Paraguayan Expedition in 1858 and in the Civil War; that the famous dispatch sent by the Sec- retary of the Treasury, General John A. Dix, which contained the direction “If any man attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot,’ was transmitted on the evening of January 15, 1861, for the purpose of retaining under the control of the Federal Government the U. S. Coast Guard Cutter Robert McLelland, then in the port of New Orleans; that vessels of the Coast Guard. fought alongside vessels of the Navy in the Spanish War, on the coast of Cuba and at the Battle of Cardenas, and that a Coast Guard cutter was with Admiral Dewey’s fleet at the Battle of Manila Bay? When the United States entered the World War, the entire Coast Guard, in accordance with law, passed into the Naval Establishment. Coast Guard vessels fought submarines and performed escort and patrol duty in the European war zone, and officers and men of the Service served with dis- tinction in almost every phase of naval activity. ‘The sinking of the Coast Guard Cutter Tampa, after safely escorting her convoy 72 LAW ENFORCEMENT to an English port, by an enemy submarine on September 26, 1918, when every soul on board—115 in all—was lost, constituted, with one exception, the largest individual loss sustained by United States. naval forces during the war. I like to refer to the Coast Guard as the “peace and war’’ ser- vice. In time of peace it maintains a constant readiness for war, and is prepared to pass into our great Naval Establishment on 24 hours’ notice. It is a real part of the national defense. Further- more, it is charged with a large number of important peacetime duties, most of which are essentially humanitarian in their char- acter. When the country is at peace, the Coast Guard must con- tinue to wage a war of its own for the protection of ships and sailormen against the ever-present menace of the dangers of the sea—an enemy that never sleeps or signs treaties. Its most im- portant function in time of peace is the inspiring duty of saving life and property at sea. Its ships cruise actively along our coasts at all times, and particularly in the most dangerous conditions of weather, to render aid to vessels in distress. In addition to the ships and supplementing their work in rescuing human life, a cordon of some 277 Coast Guard stations (formerly known as life-saving stations) protects our shores. Is the Coast Guard accom- plishing anything worth while in this rescue and assistance work at sea? Listen to the record. 1920-1925 Lives saved or persons rescued from peril . . . 14,730 Persons on ‘board ‘vessels *assisted 99> %) 120. 84,691 Persons in distress cared for At oa Bs erring 3,477 Value of vessels assisted (including cargoes) er, S26 7817 5 Obes Derelicts and other obstructions to navigation re- moved or destroyed : ; 250 Value of derelicts recovered Hl deliveren 6 owners 2,858,010 Vessels boarded and papers examined . . . . 157,338 Regattas and marine’ parades,patrolled’) 27 9 9.7: 104 Vessels seized or reported for violation of law . . 8,031 Fines and penalties incurred by vessels reported . $1,739,734 The Coast Guard clears away derelicts and other, floating ob- structions to navigation that constitute, until removed, a very real menace to ships at sea. It maintains the International Ice Patrol along the trans-Atlantic steamer lanes, where the iceberg menace once took the lives of the hundreds of men and women who went to their death on the Titanic. ‘The cutters keep weary but con- stant vigil, during the iceberg season, out in the fog banks of the North Atlantic, flashing out their radio warnings and enabling the great ocean liners to pass safely through this danger zone of peace. It is gratifying to state that since the Coast Guard took WASHINGTON CONVENTION 73 charge of this patrol, some eleven years ago, there has not been a single life lost by collision with icebergs or ice fields in the North Atlantic. The cutters protect the seal herds and other fisheries in Bering $ea and visit the remote parts of Alaska, carrying medi- cal aid and the benefits of law and civilization to the whites and natives in those far northern regions. A Coast Guard ship, the famous old Bear, now over 51 years old, makes a cruise each year year to Point Barrow, in the Arctic Ocean, the northernmost settlement in American territory. “The Coast Guard helps to en- force the navigation laws, enforces the anchorage regulations in our large seaports, and protects human life at regattas and large marine parades. ‘The Service performs duty for practically every Department of the Government, in some form or another. I have tried, in these few minutes, to give you some inkling of what the Coast Guard is. It seems to me, my friends, that in all the discussion about the laws of this country against intoxicating liquor, there is no situa- tion more calculated to stir the indignation of every red-blooded, patriotic American citizen than the presence off our coasts of for- eign vessels, manned by foreigners and financed by foreigners in partnership with disreputable and traitorous Americans, hovering there for the express purpose of flaunting the dignity and power of this, the greatest nation in the world. Whether a man is an advocate of national prohibition or not, does he wish to see vessels flying foreign flags, and protected through their registration under foreign governments, hovering off our coasts, that no foreign ship in time of war would dare approach, for the specific purpose of importing liquor into this country in violation of the American Constitution ? Who are these men who are fighting the battle of law and order at Sea. The personnel of the Coast Guard consists of com- missioned officers, warrant officers, and enlisted men. ‘The com- missioned officers of the regular Service, only 127 in number, are educated and trained as cadets for three years at the Coast Guard Academy at New London, Conn. ‘They hold the same rank upon graduation, and as they are promoted from grade to grade, as their brother officers in the Army and Navy. ‘They are making the Coast Guard their life career and their one absorbing purpose in life is to uphold the honor and prestige of their Service. The warrant officers are former enlisted men who have been promoted to the warrant grade after rigid examination and after long and faithful service. The additional commissioned and warrant off- cers, who have been taken temporarily into the Service, have been appointed after competitive examinations and the most careful scru- tiny of their qualifications and records. ‘The great majority are men with long and honorable records of previous service in the Coast Guard or in the United States Navy. 74 LAW ENFORCEMENT And what of the enlisted men? ‘They are exactly the same type of young Americans, enlisted in the same manner and with the same care, subject to the same rigid discipline as are the young fellows in the Army or Navy. Such are the officers and men who upheld the flag and the dignity of the nation in the World War; who are upholding them now, in time of peace; and who are prepared to defend the country in armed conflict tomorrow, if the need should arise. ADDRESS by WILLIAM G. SHEPHERD of Collier's Magazine i| DESIRE to call your attention this evening to a certain recent period of about 1,000 days in American history. During that period there was intense local activity in the legis- latures of our 48 states. Our national government at Washington sat in quietude and tranquility while this tumult and struggle took place within the various states. This period of activity began December 18, 1917, when the 65th Congress asked the several states to vote on the Prohibition Amend- ment. Within 393 days the thirty-sixth state, Nebraska, had rati- fied the amendment and within 758 days Prohibition was the law of the land. It had been voted into effect by our state legislatures. But during this 1,000 days our state legislatures had another great problem to settle. Five hundred and forty-one days after the con- gress had asked the legislatures to vote on the Prohibition amendment they asked those same legislatures to cast the vote of their states as to whether or not women should be given the vote by a constitutional amendment. Only 148 days before this the thirty-sixth state had ratified the Prohibition amendment. The legislatures were not so quick to pass the woman’s suffrage amendment as they were the Prohibition amendment. It required 393 days to secure the thirty-sixth state on Prohibition and 439 days to secure the vote of “Tennessee the thirty-sixth state to ratify woman’s suffrage. “The establishment of these two epochal amend- ments was practically concurrent. On January 16, 1920, Prohibition became a law. ‘Two hundred and forty days later woman’s suffrage became a law. ‘That date, WASHINGTON CONVENIION 75 August 26, 1920, and November 2, 1920 when women first voted on a presidential election and exercised the right to hold federal office, ends our 1,000-day epoch. It ends that great 1,000-day activity in our 48 state legislatures. I have said that the headquarters of our national government was tranquil and undisturbed during these 1,000 days. ‘That was true enough. America was making a great national effort, but it was making it locally, in the various states. Since the end of that period of 1,000 days, however, the federal government has had no tranquility regarding Prohibition. And in my opinion much of the local activities of the states in regard to Prohibition enforcement ended after state legislatures had voted in favor of the Prohibition amendment. I firmly believe also that much of the government’s lack of tran- quility due to Prohibition enforcement is due to the existence of the suffrage amendment. To put it plainly Prohibition and woman’s suffrage are inseparable. The two laws were born together. “The same era and the same American idealism produced them. ‘They are Siamese twins. One will not die unless the other dies. If Prohibition dies, woman’s suffrage might as well die too. When woman’s suffrage dies, or when it becomes paralyzed, Pro- hibition will cease to exist. You have been on capitol hill today to talk to the legislators there. As a writer I know how puzzled these legislators are in regard to Prohibition enforcement. “They are anxiously seeking out public opinion. But I also know how they feel about women voters. “They are more afraid of women voters than most men are of General Andrews’ Prohibition agents. It is this fear of women’s votes today that is keeping Prohibition enforcement alive. It is the influence of women voters that keeps our legislators voting dry. The questionnaire which Collier’s magazine conducted some months ago proved the wetness of men voters as compared with the dryness of women voters. A bare one-half of the men believed Prohibition could be enforced while three-fourths of the women felt that the law could be made to work. From a constant investigation as a magazine writer of Prohibition since the first year of its existence I tell you tonight that if the women of America let go, America will turn reeking wet over night. And, if the motherhood of America does ever let go, it will serve us right if America agains turns to the saloon or its equivalent. But the motherhood and the womanhood of America will NOT let go. In all human history motherhood has never run away. It is not running away tonight in America. It is gathering tonight at the front, in over half of the states of the Union. A call has come from threatened firesides and you are here gathered for battle. 76 LAW ENFORCEMENT The best lesson in Prohibition law enforcement I have ever had came from a rum runner. Commander Billard gave me permission, as a reporter, to take my lead pencils and a camera man out on Rum Row in his Coast Guard boats. One evening, far out from shore, we came across a rum runner’s boat that had broken down. ‘There were two men in it. One of them we took aboard the Coast Guard boat and the other, accompanied by a Coast Guard man, ran his crippled boat into shore to be arrested. I turned loose on the unlucky individual aboard our boat. "They had put him down into the kitchen, Commander-galley, I believe you sea men call it, and he was at my tender mercies for almost two hours. He was the most enthusiastic wet I ever saw. You know, Commander, how your Coast Guard men shoot when a rum runner tries to get away. It’s like a battle. “T don’t see how you fellows dare to run away from that fire,” I said to this rum runner. “Ts it really bad?” he asked me. ‘Do they fire many shots?” I assured him they did. “You can’t hear anybody talking on deck when the one-pounder and the Lewis machine guns are going,” I said. “Well, of course we don’t hear that,” he said quietly, “I’m too busy doing my stuff to worry. My engines make such a roar and I’m so busy that I don’t hear the guns. Of course there are lots of splashes on the water around me but they don’t make any noise.” My rum runner friend was an active wet. A thousand drys as bravely active as he was, daring death and too busy at the job of being dry to worry about it, could make a dent in alcohol in this country. Another thing about your prisoner that night, was that he realized that being wet paid him. It was money in his pocket to be wet. He told me; good money. How many drys in this land realize that there is any profit for them in being dry? Perhaps you may say there are none. But there are. ‘There are millions of mothers in America tonight with sons and daughters to protect who know that they have more to gain, than any bootlegger, by keeping America dry. We don’t hear as much from these mothers as we do from bootleggers and their wet friends. ‘This is because mothers have not yet learned how to fight with the earnestness of bootleggers. One last thing about your prisoner, Commander. He wasn’t worrying about national Prohibition. He was too busy keeping himself, his own affairs and his own community wet to worry about whether other communities were dry or not. He was keeping his own little corner of the world damp. Wet- ness was a local issue with him. WASHINGTON CONVENTION Bi “Dry up the corner where you are’ — Prohibition is always a local affair. The wet makes it a local affair; the bootlegger makes it a local affair. Until the drys, until you ladies who are determined to have Prohibition enforcement, make it a local affair, you will find the wets and the bootleggers winning the battle. You have asked me to speak to you tonight as a reporter. I have done so. I have told you what one reporter has discovered in re- porting Prohibition. May I leave you with a suggestion which comes from inside newspaper experience. Much of the American press is dry. But even the dryest news- papers joke about Prohibition. I see no joke in American mother- hood and fatherhood trying to protect its home. It isn’t honest discussion of Prohibition. It’s joking about it, that hurts it. Here is my tip. If you have a joking editor in your town, go to him and tell him that in all fairness you can have no objection to his dis- cussing the pros and cons of Prohibition in his columns but that you think he ought to do this manfully and earnestly, without cheap joking and ridicule. If this editor does not agree with you on this fair proposition, then go to the merchants of that town who advertise most extensively in his newspaper. ‘Tell them that you want them to ask that editor to stop belittling the finest effort a nation ever made toward decency. ‘The advertisers will take care of the rest, never fear. “Thank you. ADDRESS by LINCOLN C. ANDREWS Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Bay the earliest days I have welcomed the assumption, by Amer- ican women, of the civic responsibilities of Government. I am therefore particularly glad for this demonstration of your will- ingness and desire to meet these responsibilities; and for this opportunity to point out to you my conception of the requirements of the present situation. To act intelligently and effectively, one must always first analyze the problem in hand—in this case the present need for law enforce- ment. Let us therefore give first consideration to those of its fundamental elements whose importance we must all accept: First. We are happily living under a popular form of Govern- ment—a representative Government. Our laws are made and en- 78 LAW FNFORCEMENT forced by ourselves through agents whom we elect to office, and others whom these elected representatives appoint to office. We have assumed the responsibilities of self-government. If we fail in this responsibility, Government fails, and we have shown ourselves unworthy this high trust. Laws themselves, the execution of these laws—Government itself —are what the people make them. “They come up out of the people, and have no higher authority or excellence than the people put into them. We speak easily of the necessity for respect for law—and that is true. But the mere enunciation of the fact does not secure this respect. Let us analyze this for a minute. What is law? When the preponderating majority of public opinion has accepted a rule of living as necessary for community welfare, when it is generally accepted that a certain standard of individual conduct !s essential for the well-being of the community, then this rule or standard of conduct is written into a law, and penalties afixed for its violation, in order that the recalcitrant minority may be forced to live in accordance with the accepted standard. Law, therefore, presents two phases which are essential to its success—its observance by the preponderating majority, and its en- forcement upon the lawless minority. While we are here particularly considering the enforcement phase, is it not clear that you women of the country must give prime con- sideration also to the observance phase? Applying these fundamental considerations to the Prohibition Law, I think it vitally important that both you and all civic organizations interested in the successful consummation of this national ideal should immediately and earnestly give your most intelligent and purposeful effort to establishment, throughout the communities of this country, of a state of mind which will make law observance much more popular. You can hasten the day when the _ hostess will feel apologetic for serving cocktails, rather than feel apologetic for not serving them. You may even bring about such public sentiment that every officer of Government, in all its branches, sworn to support the Constitution and the laws of his country, will shrink from being personally a violator of the law. This is no small task imposed upon you, but I honestly believe that it is an essential element in the solution of our problem. Let us now turn to the enforcement phase. Law enforcement, the function of Government, is accomplished through the courts appointed to punish the wilful law violators. It is a too common error of public opinion to hold the policeman responsible for law enforcement. Any thoughtful person must see that enforcement is successful only when the criminal knows that if caught in his crime his punishment is certain, prompt and final. And this punishment WASHINGTON CONVENTION 79 must always result from court action. The policeman and the Prohibition Agent can only discover the evidence of crime, arrest the criminal, and turn him over to the judicial machine. The next step is invariably the release, on bail, of the accused criminal, await- ing the time of his trial. Our Constitution guarantees to each of these accused the right to a speedy trial. ‘The complicated conditions of modern living, and the multiplicity of laws, have far outstripped the developments of judicial procedure and machinery to meet them; and we see, in many jurisdictions, a condition which renders this constitutional right abortive and the administration of justice frequently so de- layed as practically to defeat its purpose. While these conditions demand serious attention and correction through legislative action, a matter of serious concern to you, it is not alone the inadequacy of machinery and procedure which must be considered. In many instances public opinion and a keen public interest in the selection of officers, and in the conduct of office on the part of those already selected, may do much to speed up the existing judicial machinery and to make it function more effectively for law enforcement. I have given this matter most earnest consideration and am ask- ing you to do the same. We recognize clearly that law enforcement is dependent upon intelligent, loyal team-work between the Pro- hibition Unit, which makes the cases against the accused, and the judicial machine, which prosecutes these cases in court and pro- nounces the sentence upon the guilty. My whole organization in the field has been set up to make this practicable. Our unit of organization is the Federal judicial district, and in this the chief enforcement officer is instructed to team up with the Federal Dis- trict Attorney and, working in collaboration with him, under the guidance of the best legal counsel we can obtain, make such cases as will be most conductive to law enforcement in the district. I will speak of just one other phase of law enforcement, because we must have your understanding and active support in putting our policy into effect. When the people wrote the Eighteenth Amend- ment, in its provision for concurrent jurisdiction, the people signed a joint note for Nation and for States. “They made both responsible for the enforcement of the law. But one cannot consider the his- tory of the evolution of this National Prohibition Law, nor even read the Eighteenth Amendment, without realizing that it was, and is, the part of the Federal Government to stop the commercial traffic in liquor, while it is equally the duty of the states and com- munities to exercise the local police power so far as regards the small operators and distributors. ‘The Federal function of eliminating the sources of supply and of eliminating the commercial traffic in liquor, is so difficult a problem as to command all our best energies. We actually accomplish very much less when we divert any par- 80 LAW ENFORCEMENT ticular energies to the local police problem. ‘The states and com- munities have ample judicial machinery, and hundreds of thousands of policemen already in existence, and are easily able to carry their end of the work. The Federal Government stands by to be helpful, to point the way, and to encourage in every way local law enforce- ment. ‘lo this phase of our work we have been giving marked at- tention recently, and with gratifying results. More and more, throughout the country, local officials are assuming their responsibili- ties, and more and more the Federal forces thus released are finding means for eliminating sources of supply and wiping out, through arrest and punishment, the large operators in the liquor traffic. In the development of this essential phase of law enforcement, in mak- ing sure that local officials, both police and court, are performing their functions faithfully, you citizens of the Republic will do most for the ultimate success of your n&tional ideal. In the meantime, I may assure you that with the added facilities which I am confident that the present Congress will give us, and with the experience of the last few months to guide us, you will see great progress made in the performance of our part of this great task. My dear Mrs. Peabody: Thank you most heartily for your kind invitation to be present on the occasion of so much encouragement and inspiration as you good women have planned. I wish very much that I could be with you but I find it impossible. I can only say that what I have seen and heard of the wholehearted enthusiasm and courage of the women has made me feel still more con- fident that this great nation will go forward on the right track to strict enforcement of law. I must not take your time but will repeat a story that I have told to many audiences of women. It is the story of Amanda Robinson of the town of Torrington, Connecticut. The local paper printed a notice saying: “Miss Amanda Robinson has given up her idea of an artistic career and has made up her mind to marry a struggling young lawyer of Thomaston.” The editor printed under this notice the remark: “We know Amanda and if she has made up her mind that young man might as well quit struggling.” I hope that you will perfect your organizations in every part of the country and please do not forget little Connecticut, and in connection with organizations I will tell another story and stop. A darky driver on a stage coach in Texas was showing with pride to a gentleman who was on the box with him, his skill with the whip; he flecked a fly from the horse’s neck; he took a leaf from a tree which he had pre- viously pointed out. After riding along they came to a hornet’s nest which hung within easy reach. The gentleman urged him to take a shot at that. He demurred. He said he could easily hit it. ‘Yes, boss, I knows that. But I don’t try no such thing as dat. Dem fellows is organized.” The politicians are beginning to feel that way about some people I know. With all good wishes for the success of this great meeting, I am Very sincerely yours, Horace D. Tart. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 81 REMARKS of MIss CorRA FRANCES STODDARD HE very first defined command of which we have record in this ‘ whole Book is given us in_ those marvelously simple words: And God said, ‘Let there be light!’” Down through all those countless ages, man has said, “Send out Thy light and Thy truth; let them lead me!” as he set his feet in that path of upward progress which we believe is leading him to the plane where God means him to be. We sang here a few minutes ago these lines: “And through the truth which comes from God our land shall indeed be free.” There came a time in the progress of the race when God said to the scien- tific men of the world —they didn’t know it perhaps, — but God said to the scientific men of the world, ‘Let there be light” on the alcohol question. And they turned to their laboratories, and for half a century or more now they have been bringing out of those laboratories the facts concerning the effects of alcohol which have been revolutionizing the thoughts and the customs of the people of the world. That work is not yet done. Old customs and old be- liefs and old traditions yield but slowly before the truth. Just about the moment that this work was beginning, the vision came to people in several countries of the necessity of getting this truth to the people. And here in this country the thought worked out this way: How shall we, in a government of the people, wipe out the liquor trafic? We can do it only by securing a majority. How are we going to reach the majorities? We have got to reach them in the formative period of life? Naturally, in America, it was the public school. And so women —or about half a century ago the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, in the very early days of this formative period, turned itself to this stupendous task of en- grafting on the public school system of the United States a new subject which involved the teaching of the children of the nation the facts concerning the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics that now is a matter of history. It has naturally pro- gressed with the years. We have more facts and a larger range of facts, and a more practical set of facts than we had half a century ago. But in this new day of our temperance movement we need, as Mrs. Tilton has told you, to have continued education of children and youth in the modern facts concerning alcohol, if they are to carry on the work which we have done in bringing our temperance movement thus far. So I want to speak to you in a few moments very briefly and very directly of certain things which you and I must do now if we are to conserve this training of young people for the coming generation. 82 LAW ENFORCEMENT REMARKS of Mrs. G. M. MATHES Member of the Commission on Education of the National Woman's Law Enforcement Committee I Hop in my hand a French magazine dated June, 1924. In this magazine is the annual report of the French Wine Dealers Association. This report contains some matters of particular inter- est to the people of the United States. As you listen to what I am about to read, remember that the United States newspapers men- tioned in this report are the very papers which constantly urge us to avoid entangling alliances with European countries. READ:— from L’Exportateur, Francais, June 24, 1924. “The French Wines Exportation Commission was able to note last year already that its publicity campaign in the great newspapers edited in the English language in the United States (I will omit the names of the papers) had given rise in the American press to very numerous commentaries highly favorable to its cause and given a greater impulse to the anti-prohibitionists’ literature of both con- tinents. “Accordingly, there also, it was considered advisable not to make any change in the method but, following a new program and in a greater number of periodicals, such as the , the journals of the Navigation Companies, and in certain organs circulated by means of its official propaganda departments, it endeavored to de- velop the initial results. The United States is one of the countries where propaganda work has most need to be carried out with cir- cumspection and skill. “This sustained action endeavors to maintain intact the former markets, creates new ones and tries to bring about the suppression of prohibitive duties and the re-opening of the dry countries.” I hold in my hand clippings of wet material taken from one of the great newspapers in New York, named in this French Wine Dealers report. These are clippings for a period of thirty days and measure 25 yards. ‘This daily subscribers 170,000 totals 4,250,000 yards and Sundays 190,000 multiplied by 25 totals 4,- 750,000 yards. The clippings here are from a paper which is said to go into one home in every four in the seven mid-west states, a great Chicago paper, which according to its advertisements has 727,879 subscribers. These clippings total 37 yards of columns, and multiplied by the number of subscribers equals 26,931,523 yards. On Sunday the number of subscribers are 1,105,614 multiplied by 37 totals 40,- 907,718 yards. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 83 We have only checked the material from two such cooperating agencies mentioned by the wine growers of France, and this ma- terial furnishes some indication of the stream of wet propaganda which the citizens of the United States must offset. What are we going to do about it? Well, serious as the problem is, | venture to make a few recommendations: 1. Let the editor of the big city paper know he has a progressive public by forming a central state committee of women who shall endeavor to establish coédperating committees in churches and clubs in such political subdivisions of the state as shall seem wise. Assign to each committee certain newspapers. Instruct the committee to send a barrage of letters by way of protest to each editor whenever a screed appears in his col- umns against law enforcement and the Eighteenth Amendment. Also commendation where deserved of course. 2. Let the sub-committee make an annual survey of one month’s output against law enforcement and prohibition in the various newspapers which are under the supervision of these committees. Let them measure the columns in yards, rods and miles and send the results to the clubs, the churches and the press so that the good citizen may know the amount of anti-prohibition material each newspaper has printed in one month. 3. Let each committee endeavor to secure a certain amount of space in as many newspapers as possible and fill this space periodically with “Facts” concerning the real results of prohibition and the real reason for its non-enforcement. REMARKS of Hon. GRANT M. HUDSON Chairman of Committee on Alcoholic Traffic, House of Representatives M* Hupson spoke as follows: “The present system is the outgrowth of brewery activity to head off Provincial prohibition. At that time 92% of the Prov- ince of Quebec was dry. It looked as though the Province would go dry. The opposition started a campaign for Government con- trol for the sale of 2.5 per cent beer. “They won out in the contest, but no sooner was 2.5 per cent beer legalized than they renewed their efforts with increased financial resources to secure the sale of beer of ordinary alcoholic strength. Step by step this has in- creased until today one can purchase any amount of beer, wine, whiskey, gin, brandy, or any other kind of liquor one desires in any quantity whatever. Even at the Government-control stores, which indicate that the purchaser can buy only one bottle, he is not pre- vented from buying a bottle at every store in the city or in the Province if he can reach it in one day. As a common practice men go into the same stores several times a day and the bartender will not recognize them as former purchasers. “The tavern is the same as the old beer saloon in the United 84 LAW ENFORCEMENT States. “They are required to have tables in them. This may be a wise precaution, as the purchaser can drink even after he is unable to stand. ‘The law against sales to minors and drunkards and excessive drinkers is violated just as it was in the United States under the license system. “The mail-order department of the liquor commission sells liquor by mail to anyone in the dry municipalities, and government liquor shops are established in dry municipalities where they have not ac- tually voted against the sale of liquor. In such a municipality when a protest is filed, the protestants are told that they are too late. There is no provision for a vote in the Canadian Govern- ment control law. Liquor shops are started in this dry territory contrary to the protests of the churches, town councils, and other representatives of the municipalities. Liquor shops are started with- out notice being given to the people in these dry towns, and the government recently emphasized its refusal to insert a provision to require notice of such publication and to give the people a chance to show that the majority did not want liquor sold. “The government is frankly in the liquor business and is pushing the trade vigorously although the whole system is supposed to pro- mote temperance. The illustrated liquor-advertising pamphlets are drawn in the most enticing way. “They make the mouth of an old alcoholic water and tempt even the youth. “By sending liquor by mail into dry municipalities they are under- mining the dry territory and only about half of the Province is now under local prohibition. One of the strange inconsistencies of the Government-control system is the limits to which they go in pushing the sales of liquor while the health department advises in its bulletins that — “If you want to grow up healthy and strong and avoid disease, abstain from alcoholic liquors.’ “Consistency is no part of the government-control plan.” EDITORIAL The Montreal “Witness” declares there are A THOUSAND illicit liquor selling places in Montreal, which is under Government control. The Toronto “Star” reports under the same control 53% increase in bootlegging and greatly increased drunkenness among women. Don’t do it as they do it in Quebec. Note the French attitude toward the question in the United States. Watch Paris propaganda! WASHINGTON CONVENTION 85 SUMMARY OF REMARKS MADE BY HENRY W. FARNAM Professor Emeritus of Economics, Yale University ATE referring to the five bills before the Judiciary Committee of the Senate, the purpose of which is merely to make it easier to get a drink but which do nothing towards improving the administration of the law, Mr. Farnam said that it was not enough to take a negative attitude of opposition to such bills. It was very important to the work for constructive measures, and as the job was essentially a house cleaning job it was one in which the help of women would be peculiarly useful. He referred in particular to three lines of improvement. a. Classifying the field agents under the merit system. This is a measure which the National Civil Service Reform League has been urging in season and out of season for several years, warning Congress that if these agents were exempted the very evils would follow which we have experienced. At last Con- gress has sensed the situation. The House has passed the Civil Service bill and the Senate Committee recommends the same action. b. Equipping the government with adequate courts. District Attorney Buckner has given a sorry picture of the situa- tion in New York. He has told us of one United States Commis- sioner who has not even a stenographer. He has told us that the Assistant District Attorney, on whom devolves the duty of taking the first steps towards initiating a suit, is five months behind in his work although his office is on the fifth floor of the building in which the court sits. It takes five months to send a formal paper from the fifth to the third floor. There is but one judge available for all of the criminal cases of which there are now some 9000, some of which run back three, four, and five up to even nine years. About three thousand of these are prohibition cases. It is no won- der that the law is not well enforced when the machinery is so grotesquely inadequate. c. Providing adequate funds. It sounds like a big figure to say that it is going to cost 25 million dollars for the present year to enforce prohibition, but this applies to a population of 113 million and it amounts to just 22 cents per head of the population, the price of two cheap cigars or two cheap packages of cigarettes for the entire year. “There should be more officers and their salaries should be higher to avoid putting them under the temptation of accepting bribes. Mr. Buckner has shown how merely to get a man to sit in a distillery and look on prevents fraud and saves the government thousands of dollars. 86 LAW, ENFORCEMENT In addition to improving the law women can do much to main- tain morale. This is no time for defeatism. Every important piece of social legislation has required time to become effective. Almost every one has met with serious opposition at first and it has often been weakened by bad administration. Gradually the government improves its technique of enforcement; the people learn about the law; they appreciate its purposes and it becomes effective. This was the case with the first liquor law passed by England, the Gin Act of 1736. It resulted in riots and disturbances and had to be repealed after seven years. But other and more effective acts were passed. This was true of the first attempt to tax distilled liquors by the United States. This led to the Whiskey Rebellion. When Washington called upon the rioters to disperse, September 15, 1792, his officers were tarred and feathered. A second proc- lamation went unheeded. ‘The third was backed up by an armed force which Washington accompanied in person and the Whiskey Rebellion was put down. Numerous other examples all showing the same thing could be cited. One of the great tasks now is not to allow ourselves to be discouraged by those who predict failure. ADDRESS of Mrs. ANTHONY WAYNE Cook President General, National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution HE security of our citizenship rests on law observance and law enforcement. Nowhere in the world has law had a greater native majesty than in America. From colonial times through the winning of the West, and the founding of the inland empire, our American forbears respected justice and abided by law. Law kept pace with the pioneers, and ordered the lines of the God-fearing men and women who wrested our national domain from the wil- derness. ““The law of the land”—what more compelling phrase is there in our national lexicon. The law must not continue to be mocked in this our day by the wilful selfishness of the few. There is at present, rampant in our land, a loud-voiced minority which is attempting to justify its non-observance of law with the © claim that it interferes with personal liberty. This is but a selfish evasion of responsibility—an attempt to let personal indulgence, greed and selfishness hide behind a mask that would have us be- lieve that an infringement of our personal liberties has been put over upon us. After a vigorous effort lasting more than fifty years, the Eight- WASHINGTON CONVENTION 87 eenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution was ratified because a majority of the people in this country so willed. In my opinion that amendment will never be repealed. Loyal respect for it, whethet we believe in it or not, is the duty of every citizen. Nor can any law be flouted without serious consequences to the citizen and to the state. If lawlessness is on the increase in this country it is because we have relaxed our respect for the law. With regard to the attitude of women and of women’s societies toward law observance and law enforcement, I would say that if every woman in America were willing to do her duty, there would probably be no need of this Congress. But since we are, despite this desired and yet unattained end, a tremendously representative group of thinking patriotic citizens, we must realize that it is not enough for us to simply do our individual duty. We must also be mindful of our duty and responsibility as vigilant Americans, striving to keep before our communities and the nation ideals of womanhood, of service and of the sort of upstanding citizenship that should enter into our daily lives and work—whether that work be the business occupation of the professional woman or the more concentrated service of the home-making, home-keeping woman which after all constitutes one of the greatest, if not the greatest business in the world. The work that every one of us does for herself and her family or for her community in the way of sanctifying the law—and of helping to observe both its letter and spirit redounds not only to her own benefit but to the benefit of every one of her fellow-beings. We have the right to assume that every woman shall contribute something worth while for the benefit of Society. And I am old-fashioned or new-fashioned enough, as you please, to believe that women must hold inviolate within themselves as the mothers and first teachers of the race—the spiritual leadership of the world. If we surrender it, no equality can take its place in the opportunities and responsibilities which are and always should be peculiarly the province of women. I am, however, a great believer in reciprocity with regard both to the problems of the home and those of the nation—and I am equally convinced that for the future any great national movement to be the success that it should be—must have the hearty, sincere cooperation of both the men and the women. We shall best attain the desired ends for law observance and law enforcement by arousing the sleeping conscience of the nation in regard to the necessity of codrdinating its efforts toward definite goals. As a nation the spirit of our past enlarges our vision and high aspirations for the future inspire us. We are proud of our institu- tions of government and of our participation and partnership in them and we desire to pass this pride of citizenship on to our chil- dren. To worthily do this we must realize that it is your duty - 88 LAW, ENFORCEMENT and mine to cooperate in some unified plan which shall bring about respect for law and the feeling within each one of us that laws may be for the good of the whole, without being personally agreeable to us. As to how we shall bring this desired end about, undertakings that might well have dismayed another nation have but served to challenge the American spirit and intrigue the American zest for measuring up to its ideals as a nation. We are facing a great crisis as to how we as a people shall measure up to the present need for respect for law and the means for bringing. about its observance. Personally I believe that as soon as the conviction is borne in upon our consciousness that we shall not abrogate our present laws, nor relax them but instead that they must be obeyed by all, we shall meet the issue in the fair, square American way at whatever cost it may entail, so that the desired end justifies the expenditure. Let us ask ourselves, however, as to whether or not we have as yet fully exhausted the remedies which are at hand in correcting the evils which are in our midst? SCHOOLS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT CHARL WILLIAMS Field Secretary, National Education Association { he ANSWER to the query, “What will the schools do on the ques- tion of law enforcement?” I beg leave to submit the pronounce- ments of the teachers on this subject extending over a period of more than a half century. The National Education Association was or- ganized in 1867 and reorganized in Salt Lake City in 1918 in the interest of democratic representation in its delegate body. “Today it is a voluntary organization of approximately 150,000 members with an allied organization of teachers in each of the forty-eight states and in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, the allied membership approximating 500,000 teachers. Four years be- fore the present organization was effected and while the nation was facing its first real crisis the National Teachers Association, the fore- runner of the National Education Association, deemed “no person worthy to hold the honorable position of teacher or officer in any educational institution who is not fearlessly outspoken and true, at all times, both by voice and vote, to the great questions of loyalty, patriotism, and the unconditional support of the National Govern- ° ment in the crisis of our country.”” When the conflict was over the National Teachers Association in 1866 resolved “that our common schools should be required by legislative enactment to teach so far as may be practicable, the fundamental principles of our government, both state and national. To inculcate love of country. To encour- age respect for authority and obedience to law.” WASHINGTON CONVENTION 89 The next year the National Education Association came into being —at a time when law enforcement was a burning question. So it has remained with the teachers until the present time and it is gen- erally accepted as the responsibility of the schools to train good, happy, healthy, intelligent citizens. “The teachers are not accustomed to teach law observance by precept alone. On the contrary, they con- stitute one of the most law-abiding groups in the whole land. Schools are established and teachers are licensed to teach through due proc- ess of law. School terms are regulated, courses of study prescribed by law. Thus teachers live rather intimately with the law and in the teacher’s world laws are made to be observed. Add to these conditions the inspiring ideals of the profession and the result can be no other than it is. Being a teacher myself I prefer to let someone else pronounce the eulogy upon my profession. It has been fittingly done by one of the great men of our time. In February, 1926, when Secretary Hoover addressed the Department of Superintendence of the Na- tional Education Association in Washington, in speaking of our school system as the foundation of our national ideals, he said: You have the responsibility of making America one and_ in- divisible. Such a result in carrying forward national ideals was bound to accrue from the nature of our educational system. It has called its teachers from the body of the people, and has com- missioned them to teach the ideals of the great body of our peo- ple as well as the knowledge of the more favored few. It is, therefore, in itself truly democratic. This teaching of ideals is by its nature spontaneous and unstudied. And it has had to be sincere. The public school teacher cannot live apart; he cannot separate his teaching from his daily walk and conversation. He lives among his pupils during school hours, and among them and their parents all the time. He is peculiarly a public character under the most searching scrutiny of watchful and critical eyes. His life is an open book. His habits are known to all. His office, like that of a minister of religion, demands of him an exceptional standard of conduct. And how rarely does a teacher fall below that standard! How seldom does a teacher figure in a sensational headline in a newspaper! It is truly remarkable, I even think that so vast an army of people—approximately eight hundred thousand—so uniformly meets its obligations, so effectively does its job, so decently behaves itself, as to be almost utterly incon- spicuous in a sensation-loving country. It implies a wealth of character, of faith, of patience, of quiet competence, to achieve such a record as that. Further evidence of the teachers’ unwavering devotion to this whole question is found in their resolutions of four conventions, which are as follows: Bo.ton, MAssAcHUSsETTs, 1903—National Educational Association Disregard for law and for its established modes of procedure is as serious a danger as can menace a democracy. The restraint of passion by respect for law is a distinguishing mark of civ- 90 LAW ENFORCEMENT jilized beings. To throw off that restraint, whether by appeals to brutal instincts or by specious pleas for a law of nature which is superior to the laws of man, is to revert to barbarism. It is the duty of the schools so to lay the foundations of character in the young that they will grow up with a reverence for the majesty of the law. Any system of school discipline which disregards this obligation is harmful to the child and dangerous to the state. A democracy which would endure must be as law-abiding as it is liberty-loving. DENVER, CoLorapo, 1909—National Education Association The common schools of our country must recognize more fully than ever the necessity of training our youth for citizenship. The perpetuation of democracy depends upon the existence in the people of that habit of will which is justice. Liberty under law is the process for attaining justice which has thus far been most suc- ‘cessful among civilized men. The call to citizenship is a call to the exercise of liberty under law, a call to the limitation of liberty by law, and a call to the pursuit of justice, not only for one’s self but for others. PorTLAND, OREGON, 1917—National Education Association We urge that patriotism be taught by every teacher of whatever grade, by methods adapted to the mental and spiritual life of pupils, whether this be by heroic story, by song, by biography and history, by social ethics, or by a revised and vitalized civics. From coast to coast and back again these educational leaders have gone teaching as they went the fundamental principles of democracy. The Boston convention of 1922 seems to me to have stated the attitude of the profession on the question uppermost in your minds today, in this clear and unmistakable resolution: Boston, MAssAcHuUsETTs, 1922—National Education Association The safety of the Republic rests in a large degree with the teachers of the nation. We call upon teachers everywhere to teach respect for law and order and for constituted authority; to impress alike upon young and old the importance of obedience to the Constitution and to all state and national laws and to local ordinances; to, teach the children that the laws are made by the majority and may be changed by the majority; but that they must be obeyed by all; and that he who disobeys the Con- stitution or laws is an enemy of.the Republic. So much for law enforcement. Your convention was called “to work for enforcement of all law with special stress, at present, on the Prohibition Law, the front today where the battle against lawlessness has to be fought.’ What have the teachers had to say about prohibition in days gone by? The following resolutions reveal their attitude more clearly than any words of mine. CHAuTAUQUA, NEW York, 1880—National Educational Association RESOLVED, That this Association most heartily approves of the efforts made in Great Britain, and more recently in this country, to introduce into the schools needed instruction on the etfects of alcohol upon the human system, and we welcome the WASHINGTON CONVENTION 91 appearance of manuals for the information of teachers, embody- ing the latest teachings of both science and experience on this important question. Mapison, WIsconsin, 1884—National Educational Association The committee on temperance notes with profound satisfaction the practical direction now being given to the aroused temperance sentiment of this country. Especially do we rejoice in the well- directed efforts of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union to secure instruction in physiology and hygiene in all grades of the public school system with particular reference to the effect of alcoholic stimulants upon the human system. Legislation to this effect has already been secured in five states—New York, Michi- gan, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Rhode Island. We rec- ommend the hearty codperation of this Association in making such legislation general throughout the land. SARATOGA SPRINGS, NEw York, 1885—WNational Educational Asso- ciation RESOLVED, That we approve the effort to create a strong public sentiment in favor of temperance, and that we heartily endorse all proper individual and legislative action looking toward the healthfulness, happiness and purity of the people. Cuicaco, ILLinois, 1887—National Educational Association RESOLVED, That we recommend to the several State Legis- latures the adoption of laws: (1) Requiring instruction to be given in all public schools in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the injurious effects upon the human system of alco- hol and narcotics. Cuicaco, ILLiNnors, 1900—Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association In consideration of the deep interest which this department takes in every legitimate effort to advance the cause of temper- ance, and of its desire to promote in the schools of the country the teaching of temperance based on sound pedagogical and sci- entific principles, be it RESOLVED, That the chair appoint a committee of seven, whose duty it shall be to report upon the teaching of physiology in the schools, especially with regard to the condition and prog- ress of scientific inquiry as to the action of alcohol upon the human system, and to recommend what action, if any, by this department is justified by the results of these inquiries. PrrTsBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, 1918—National Education Association The Association urges the adoption by the states of the amend- ment for the prohibition of the sale and manufacture of intoxi- cating beverages. I was one of the countless thousands of children who were taught the evils of alcohol and in turn, as a teacher | passed on this knowledge with all the intelligence at my command. So it was with thousands of teachers in the cities, towns, villages, and remote places in this country. Almost overnight the temperance forces of America found themselves reinforced by a vast army of earnest workers who succeeded in their teaching. It is not too much to say that the teachers of the nation had a creditable share 92 LAW* ENFORCEMENT in the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment. In Salt Lake City in 1920 the National Education Association “declares itself in hearty accord with the recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States affirming the validity of the Eighteenth Amendment and it further believes in and calls for the impartial and fearless enforcement of the Volstead Act or similar act substantially in harmony in spirit and application to said act, opposing any back- ward step which shall endanger the fundamental institution of society.” Since that day the National Education Association and the De- partment of Superintendence have sounded a clarion call to the teachers of the nation to stand for and to teach law enforcement. Their record is clear and consistent. Let me read it to you. CLEVELAND, OH10, 1923—Department of Superintendence We commend the devotion and zeal of the classroom teachers of America who have caught the spirit of the new educational advance and given themselves without reserve to the task of main- taining the ideals and standards of our American system of * public education, and who have dedicated themselves to the high purpose of translating the increased funds provided for education into a worthy and upright citizenry, whose faith in the high ideals and the best traditions of America, and whose recognition of the principle of obedience to established law, shall guarantee the security and well-being of the Republic. Cuicaco, ILLINOIs, 1924—Department of Superintendence LAW OBSERVANCE—We recognize that our civilization is in danger of being undermined by the failure of our people to ob- serve the laws of our country and the communities in which they live. We further recognize the fact that law observance can be best secured by proper observation and training. We therefore urge that the schools of America stress as never before the funda- mental principles of American citizenship—participation and re- spect for duly constituted authorities. WASHINGTON, D. C., 1924—National Education Association LAW ENFORCEMENT—We regret that in many communities there has developed a spirit of disregard of laws, especially those dealing with personal conduct. This attitude is reacting unfavorably upon the youth of America by causing laxness in respect for and enforcement of law. Teachers everywhere should endeavor to inspire respect for law and should advocate strict enforcement thereof. We refer in particular to national and state laws, forbidding the liquor trafhe and the distribution of obscene literature, posters, and pictures. This is equally true with regard to the enforcement of laws in many states forbidding the sale of cigarettes to’children. CINCINNATI, OHIO, 1925—Department of Superintendence CIVIC SERVICE—A principle which has been proclaimed by the Association from the beginning, that the chief aim of public education is the training of the citizen to live up to American civic, political, and moral ideals, we reaffirm together with our resolve to direct the daily exercises of our schools predominantly toward this end. WASHINGTON CONVENTION we INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, 1925—National Education Association CITIZENSHIP OBLIGATION—The exercise of the suffrage and the observance of law are primary duties of a citizen. Teach- ers and administrators of schools should teach, both in the school- room and by personal conduct, a wholesome respect for an observ- ance of all laws, and should take an active and intelligent part in the selection of public officials and the consideration of public questions. A new spirit has come into our classrooms—autocratic methods have been superseded by democratic methods. and a comradeship between teacher and pupil is being developed today, as a result, that makes the disciplinary problems of twenty years ago seem like strange unrealities. If teachers succeeded in teaching temper- ance under the old regime, it ought to be expected that much greater results would be accomplished in this ‘new age’’. There are some phases of this question however that I cannot refrain from laying before you for your thoughtful consideration. The home is not doing its part as it did a generation ago. Every year new responsibilities are thrust upon the schools. “The course of study has been over-loaded and some of it has become obsolete. The schoolrooms are over-crowded with children and teachers are carrying too heavy a burden. Salaries have not kept pace with living costs and other professions, more remunerative, are attract- ing a high type of young man and woman who formerly taught school. Recruiting the profession today is one of the serious prob- lems before you, if you only realized it. The average age of the teachers in America today is less perhaps than that of any other period of her history. “Thousands of these young people have en- tered the ranks of the teachers since the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment and they have little personal knowledge of the long struggle to bring it to pass. Our responsibility is all the greater because of this condition. Communities must exercise every pre- caution to the end that only those teachers are permitted to teach whose ideals are in harmony with law enforcement. ‘This is your responsibility and you must face it fairly and squarely. We hear much today about the increasing immorality among young people. Youth is being defamed from one end of this land to the other. The teachers know youth in its joys and pies Have they lost their hold upon these young people, or woafse still, have they lost faith in them? The Department of Sup2riAtendence of the National Education Association has profound faith in the youth of America as is evidenced by their resolution adopted in Washington, D. C., 1926: In an age more complex and intricate than any other the world has ever known, in a country of unparalleled prosperity, the prob- lem of personal adjustment to social, civic, and economic environ- ment is not easy. To a generation of youth facing such complexity the difficulty is great indeed. It is a tribute to young America 94 LAW ENFORCEMENT that in making this adjustment so many succeed and so few fail. We bear our tribute to essential cleanness, the intellectual straight- ness, the frank courage, and the decent idealism of American young manhood and young womanhood. The greatest obligation we, an adult generation, owe is the obligation we owe to them. In developing those characteristics of personality and citizenship which we desire for our civilization, such as obedience to law, respect for government, and tolerance, all American adults will serve youth best by themselves setting those examples which they desire youth to follow. Let the home, the school, the church and the community join hands and each assume its just share of the responsibility and the problem of non-observance of the law will disappear. I hear expressions of impatience that we are summoned from our homes and our work to fight a battle we thought was already won. It is well to remember there that the forces of evil and destruction are ever at work and that the fight for law and order is never wholly won. Perhaps it is better so. At any rate | am disposed to look for good to come out of this struggle. I am sure that a virile, active citizenry will result which we could not hope for otherwise. Millions of our women were enfranchised in 1920. Many of them did not seek the right then and have not exercised it since. ‘The fact that less than 50% of our qualified citizens voted in the last presidential election should arouse the non-voters among the men as well as among the women. Many a woman ordinarily simply will not be wrought up over whether Mr. Jones or Mr. Smith should be elected to office. When it is pointed out that Mr. Jones stands for measures that endanger her home, that threaten the well-being of her husband and children, then she will march to the polls on election day in hundreds of thousands in- spired as if from on High to defeat such men. ‘Thus will she learn the art of being a citizen. In my judgment this issue of law enforcement and the mainten- ance of prohibition will enlist the energy and activity of our people as no other question, except the World War, has ever done. After all this is a war of democracy, too, and enlistment for the duration of the struggle is only just begun. What will the teachers do? According to their preparation for their task and their maturity, they will do, I firmly believe, in the future what they have done in the past. “There are no blots on their record on this question for the last fifty years. I look forward to their work of the next half century with hope and confidence in them unimpaired. WASHINGTON CONVENTION 95 STORY OF CONVENTION — Concluded There was no sentimentality and no abusiveness in the conven- tion. The women know what they want and why, they know their politicians and they know the masculine mind on law enforcement, having worked with it through all the ages. They are sometimes misled by propaganda but not often a second time. They are not the weaker or timid sex on moral issues. “They have that persist- ence which will keep them at the task. Of course, women are not all alike on any issue. They will differ, but will, with few excep- tions, stand for the good of the child. Only a moron or abnormal type will yield there. “Together men and women will keep the constitution inviolate and the Federal Union from the attacks of the men who cover their disloyalty by the cry of state rights. While we fight for the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act we have a greater struggle, which is to get rid of the present politi- cal method, machine, boss rule, ring, the use of money in the wrong way, and above all to secure men of ability and character who will be loyal to their oath of allegiance. The fears of men’who realize threatened dangers to their business and themselves from men who do not hesitate to coerce, the objection which some husbands have to their wives entering into anything like politics and a still more serious situation, the feeling of certain men that they have a right morally to restrain their wives from voting according to their con- sciences or rendering any service to a cause unpopular with them like law enforcement, enter into the problem. The women, however, adopted unanimously the resolutions pre- sented, meeting the last difficulty with a new statement of women’s rights, putting it under the head of the poem by Browning, “Any Wife to Any Husband.” My Soul is God’s, my heart is yours, my vote is my own. The woman’s vote has been the doubtful thing, partly, we be- lieve, because the League of Women Voters has not taken a firm stand for real issues with the exception of the World Court. Women will not, perhaps, see their duty to vote in the abstract, but here is an issue, the woman’s issue, the issue of the home, child, husband, community, the issue of the Constitution of the United States. Our own Federal Government has opposed to it state rights, the same old issue that the nation has met before triumphantly and will meet again with added earnestness and power because the women of the country are in line for the primary and polls. Not in line yet, perhaps, for Congress and equal representation in govern- ment, though we doubt if they could do any worse than some are doing at present. We question whether any but the exceptional women would do as well as the best of our men, but after a month in Washington of rather careful study we believe the time is coming 96 LAW ENFORCEMENT when the best women of the nation must be represented not only by their votes for good men, but by their own representatives who could bring into the halls of Congress the woman’s point of view. Measures to be Considered in Hearings Before Senate Sub-Committe of Judiciary Committee, ; April 5 to 17 REPEALING THE EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT S. J. Res. 34, by Senator Bruce, proposes a repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment and the substitution of an amendment to the Constitution to provide for government manufacture and control of intoxicating liquor, or, in the discretion of Congress, a return to the license system, except in States which have State-wide constitutional prohibition. Every argument against the re-instatement of the beverage liquor trafic can and should be used against this resolution. RAISING ALCOHOLIC CONTENT S. 33, by Senator Edge and S. 3118, also by Senator Edge. These measures provide for an increased alcoholic content in beer and permitted beverages. S. 33 provides for 2.75 per cent of alcohol in permitted bever- ages. §. 3118 proposes to leave it to each jury to determine what is “not intoxicating in fact.’ Courts and public officials have declared that it is necessary to fix definitely the standard of alcoholic content if the law is to be enforced. Jury discretion as to “intoxicating in fact’’ means non- enforcement. MEDICINAL WHISKEY S. 34, by Senator Edge, provides for the removal of the limitations now placed on doctors in prescribing medicinal whiskey, to wit, that not more than one-half pint of alcohol (or something over a pint of whiskey) shall be prescribed every ten days. ‘Twenty-two States prohibit the use of medicinal whiskey entirely. There is no limit on the amount of alcohol which a doctor may prescribe to a patient if he adds sufficient medicament to it so that it will not be fit for beverage use. A large percentage of the whiskey in the United States now used for medicinal purposes is pre- scribed in New York, Illinois and Pennsylvania. Hundreds of doctors have had their permits taken away from them and many have been indicted for furnishing liquor for beverage use through prescriptions. If the limitation is repealed there will be large quantities of whiskey pre- scribed in these and other states ostensibly for medicinal purposes, but actually for beverage use. S. J. Res. 31, by Senator Edge, was introduced on March 26th, after the scope of the hearings had been determined, but will probably be under consideration. It provides for a national referendum on the National Prohibition Act (Volstead Act). S. J. Res. 85, by Senator Bruce, proposing to amend the Eighteenth Amendment with regard to “intoxicating liquors,’ introduced on March 29, also was put in after the hearings had been arranged. The above are the measures the Committee has announced will be considered at the hearings. FOR REPEAL OF THE VOLSTEAD ACT S. 592, by Senator Edwards, to repeal the National Prohibition Act, was indefinitely postponed by the Senate Committee and will not be con- ‘ilered. The Committee announced the repeal of the Volstead Act would leave the Eightecnth Amendment without any means of enforcing, and they refused to consider it. COM MITTEE | OF ARRANGEMENTS com THE WASHINGTON COMMITTEE ON ree LAW ENFORCEMENT v "Viee-Chairmen ee. Mrs. Harvey S. Irwin _ Mrs. W. E. Chamberlin ue Mrs. Emma Sanford Shelton _ Mrs. Frank G. Wilkins Wm. F. 's George EO nets T. 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