Digitized by the Internet Archive In 2023 with funding from Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/centralstationca0Opett CENTRAL STATION CATALOG SHOWING ONLY SUCH PRINCIPAL MATERIALS AS WOR ES BPA R VOU WARY fs Ul TA BIE FOR ORNAMENTAL STREET LIGHTING uN LINE CONSTRUCTION ALSO METERS, MOTORS, TRANSFORMERS AE PARA US ANDO as UP Piles TO Ga TE ee War El VALUABLE AND USEFUL TABLES AND DATA FULL INFORMATION GIVEN ON REQUEST FOR MATERIAL NOT SHOWN ALL PRICES QUOTED ON REQUEST PETTINGELL-ANDREWS COMPANY ON THE SITE OF THE BOSTON TEA PARTY GOIRINAM IR TW AIR by SIP AINSI) AIR IL ANI ILC AWTS G98 BOSTON Palio taleNsG Re 1c - AN DsRv ESS oe G1 Onyl aa eNe ya f I : I PSB Reco eo Sn eR ES ee es OS ie e a ata a a MAIN STORE OF THE PETTINGELL-ANDREWS COMPANY PEARL ST., ATLANTIC AVE. AND PURCHASE ST. BOSTON AUTOMOBILE DIVISION 100 BROOKLINE AVE. BOSTON Copyright 1920 by Pettingell-Andrews Company Boston Cele NG ala Nees ely ee OeN CoA heA TE OrG Or “To Serve —and through the quality of Service— To Sell” CONSTANT, ever ready power supply is of vastly more importance to the con- sumer than a cheap power rate. In the majority of cases, the building of a transmission line is useless unless con- tinuity of service can be maintained. Unquestionably the largest percentage of station shut-downsare from line troubles, and the success of remotely situated devel- opments will depend upon the reliability of their transmission lines. With this thought ever in mind, the Pettingell-Andrews Company has endeav- ored to place before the Central Stations of New England a line of construction mate- rials, every one of which has been proven in actual service by the severest of all tests— the test of time. Each and every line of material shown in this catalog carries with it the guarantee of manufacturers who have been in business continuously for many years and who have built success upon the merit of their goods. DA OS EXEMPLAR It is significant that practically all man- ufacturers whose goods are shown are pio- neers 1n the manufacture of their type of product. As a result of the practical experi- ence gained during the long period of manu- facture, their products today are without questionin the highest state of development. It is logical that Pettingell- Andrews Company, being the oldest electrical jobbing house in New England, should have become associated as distributors with leading pio- neers. Through the excellence of both goods and service the Pettingell-Andrews Com- pany, who were established in 1886, are now the largest as well as the oldest electrical jobbers in New England. Pettingell-Andrews Company carry at all times in their warehouses the largest and most complete stock of construction mate- rials to be found anywhere in New England. This enables the most complete and prompt shipment of goods and is a service which Central Stations will find it profitable to rely upon. THE MARK THAT STANDS FOR THE HEIGHT OF EXCELLENCE IN ELECTRICAL GOODS AND SERVICE 6 PURO TENG Ee Ls A ND Ren WwW S* GO svisPeAe Ney. aerate Pee camceenen © ear” err SECTION OF WIRE ROOM PIPE ROOM Over 1,250,000 feet of different kinds and sizes of wire always on band ready for Between 150,000 and 200,000 feet of pipe always in stock, including all sizes from quick shipment,—rubber-covered wire, armored conductor, flexible cord, %-inch to 4-inch, in black and galvanized, with elbows, couplings, condulets weather-proofs, slow-burning, bare, insulated, iron telephone wire, galvanized and other fittings for every size. Note method of storing all conduit on end strand, etc. to prevent accumulation of moisture and consequent rust. PART OF THE POLE LINE HARDWARE STOCK A CORNER OF ONE OF THE CROSS-ARM STOREROOMS Two to five carloads constantly on hand Three to ten carloads in stock at all times niQhd We 4 4 ayes faa t “i yattet duly SooHees i las 3 Tits sted OP TARE Hae a He Mt WWE TY SHAR YF nitad ‘Hd ‘Ti Score euiaY & This is a reproduction of the tablet marking the site of the Boston Tea Party, and is located on the PeTrinNGELL-ANDREWs Company building, corner Pearl St. and Atlantic Ave., Boston Cele N@Ighe Nee seh eA LaleOUN © AVE-A I O7G ORNAMENTAL Sue) Ube 1 IN G Realizing the importance of and the demand for ORNAMENTAL street lighting, the Pettingell-Andrews Company has endeavored to show a complete, dependable line of materials necessary for the proper installation of an ORNAMENTAL street lighting system. INDEX Page Brackets and Fixtures; GE Novalux.... 19-22 BreakerseaG in Ole Cineuiteass oe eee 64-65 Cables Okoniteenas tee ee icbosnocn QR Cirewuit) BrealcersexGE, Oils. 3-2 cs 64-65 ConductorsHeb anemic asad ac kone 31 Conductorss laswlatedin.- Concealed Wiring External or Concealed Wiring Fig. 15 Right Angle Joint 1 1/4-1n. Pipe Bracket Fic. 6 20-In. Extension Kig. 5 a BBS hs Concealed Wiring. Fig. 16 ; 300se Neck c ae Right Angle Joint 3/4-In. Pipe Bracket s/eue Bie ee k 11/4-In. Pipe Bracket External Wiring Concealed Wi icket OLIN lextension g oncealed Wiring }external or Concealed Wiring ‘ Fig. 17 Plain Goose Neck 3/4-In. Pipe Bracket Re with Petticoat Insulator sess i . Fig. 7 Fig. 8 : External Wiring Fig. 18 Plain Goose Neck Telescoping ‘ Telescoping 3/4-In.. Pipe Bracket 3/4-and 1 1/4-In. Pipe Bracket 3/4-and 1 1/4-In. Pipe Bracket with Petticoat Insulator 4-1o 7-Ft. Extension : 4- to 7-Ft. Extension External Wiring External Wiring ; : External Wiring FOR Approx. FOR Approx. SERIES | Ship. Wt. MULTIPLE | Ship. Wt. Equipped With | LAMPS Fig. No. | Cat. No. | in Lb. Equipped With | LAMPS Fig. No. Cat. No. | in Lb. —— —| | per 20 —— = | | _per 20 | C-P. | Brackets | Watts Brackets 1 114979 795 ( ) | 11 161339 625 | Q 103156 885 1 || 12 152822 800 | 3 105691 815 13 161350 730 40 | 60 | 4 103157 855 4 40 14 161356 730 80 | 5 111556 655 60 | 15 161362 530 100 | | | | 20-in. radial wave re- | | 6 | 114768 530 20-in, radial wave re-| | | 16 |, 152833 440 Rector sacs Dares im Ui | 46213 565 flector ............-. | 17 | 125323 565 | | Js 174311 935 18 | 174368 800 1 | 174280 785 1 174337 615 | | Q 174284 875 12 174341 785 40 | 3 174288 805 13 174345 720 60 | 80} 4 174292 845 100 14 174349 720 (| OCI 5 | 174300 645 | 4 1500s 15 174357 520 | 250 | 200 | 20-in. dome radial wave, | 400 6 | 174304 | 530 20-in. dome radial wave) 16 | 174365 430 eoector aoe ee | 7 | 174308 | 555 refiector,.....-...... | 17 174361 555 jet 8 | 174313 925 18 174370 | 790 ) 1 174281 770 | ul | 174338 | 595 2 174285 860 12 174342 765 | 3 174289 795 ; | 13 174346 695 40 | | 60 } 4 | 174293 830 PeetOOm 2 14 | 174350 700 | 80 5 174301 «630 | | 15 || 174358 500 | 100 | | | | | 6%-in. Holophane pris-| | 6 | 174305 490 YG 5 sgt 16 | 174366 420 matic band refractor 7 | 174309 545 Janta: Fed en eer 17 174362 545 WANTON? sreseook: l a 8 174314 915 with holder ..,...... | 18 174371 720 1 174282 845 ) 11 174239 695 2 174286 935 12 174343 865 $ 174290 870 13 174347 795 Ne 25 Oma) 4 | 174294 | 905 | 300 14 174351 800 hep 400. 1 5 || 174302 | 695 | 4 400 + | 15 174359 600 500 | | | | 84-in. Holophane cl | 2 174500 | a) 8!4-in. Holophane pris | ay | al | on Be Aor hannairetraCeGn | i 174310 | 645 TN ra 7 | 174363 645 with holder «+... 8 174315 4980 Bi ler occa ee Leg tue 18 © ie 74377 ae Standard finish, black japan; galvanized iron finish can be furnished at an Standard finish, black japan; galvanized iron finish can be furnished at an increased price. increased price. NOVALUX SERIES FIXTURES Fig. 21 Eye Suspension with Cross Ann Insulator Hanger Fig. 23 Cross Arm Suspension ” Pig. 25 Eye Suspension 3 Fig. 26 Cross Arm Suspension with Petticoat Insulator Copper Hocd and Parabolic Deflector Fig. 22 Strain Insulator Suspension Fig 24 Cross Arm Suspension" with Petticoat Insulator . Fig. 27 Cross Arm Suspension with Petticoat Insulator Galvanized Iron Hood and Parabolic Deflector NOVALUX ee 4 Cross Arm Suspension ee Fig. 32 Cross Arm Suspension with Petticoat Insulator Copper Hood and Parabolic Deflector MULTIPLE FIXTURES Strain Insulator Suspension Multiple Fixture is not Made Ey Fig. 30 Cross Arm Suspension with Petticoat * Insulator Fig. 31 Eye Suspension Fig. 33 Cross Arm Suspension with Petticoat Insulator Galvamzed Iron Hood and Parabolic Deflector FOR Approx. FOR Approx. _ SERIES Ship. Wt. MULTIPLE Ship Wt. Equipped With LAMPS Fig. No. Cat. No. in Lb. Equipped With LAMPS Fig. No. Cat. No. in Lb. a eS per 20 eS = per 20 | C-P Fixtures Watts | Fixtures | | | ws) Z ein BY 28 *161383 560 sel ag reopee rie ; 40 29 161389 440 ee 23 Wg ee a | 60 30 125324 465 100 24 49055 465 3] 161395 413 20-in. radial wave re-| | 25 103159 400 20-in. radial wave re-| — ; flector ........... oe Hlectotaer ee ens | i} | 3A : iG y: al i aa \- m 40) 21 *174317 500 ( | | 60 22 174321 415 | 100 | 28 *174374 550 80 23 174325 420 150 29 174386 43( 100 24 174329 455 200 30 174382 405: 250 | Q5 174333 390 | 31 174378 405 20-in. dome radial wave 400 || 20-in. dome radial wave} | J Me tlec ton enemas cyan: | | reflector apna) . | =| = ee pee = 40 Q)1 *1743138 485 ( Bo *1743 3953 60 QQ 174322 400 | 28 174375 535 ) 80 23 174326 405 100 } 29 174387 395 1 100 | | 24 174330 440 | | 30 174383 420 J | Q5 174334 375 Heal } aI 174379 390 6%-in. Holophane pris-| ° | | 6!4-in, Holophane pris-| | matic band refractor) matic band refractor with holder......... with holder ........ eee 21 “174319 540 ( 300 ) 28 *174376 635 } 250 | 22 174323 500 400 | | 29 174388 515 ea 23 174327 485 ieersoomall 30 174384 540 | | #4 174331 520 31 174380 490 ) 25 174335 475 8%-in. Holophane pris- matic band refractor with holder * For omission of hanger, a reduction in price is made. Standard finish, black japan; galvanized iron finish can be furnished at an ncreased price. 8%-in. Holophane pris- matic band refractor with holder (3.0... * For omission of hanger, a reduction in price is made. Standard finish, black japan; increased price. galvanized iron finish can be furnished at an 22 PoE eis NGG Ha APN DARA VyeS CZOUMERZAGNS Reflectors and Refractors CAT. NO. 46219—20-IN. RADIAL WAVE REFLECTOR For 40, 60, 80 and 100 e-p. Series and 40 and 60 Watt Multiple Lamps Ship. Wt. per 20—131 Lb. CAT. NO. 174270—20-IN. DOME RADIAL WAVE REFLECTOR For 40, 60, 80, 100, 250 and 400 c-p. Series and 100, 150 and 200 Watt Multiple Lamps Ship. Wt. per 20—145 Lb. Open Closed CAT. NO. 174273—614-IN. HOLOPHANE PRISMATIC BAND REFRACTOR WITH i NOPY AND HOLDER. For 40, 60, 80 and 100 e-p. Series and 100 Watt Multiple Lamps. Ship. Wt. per 10—65 Lb. Consists of: Cat. No. 174272 Holder and Cat. No. 174271 Refractor. Closed CAT. NO. 174276—8%-IN. HOLOPHANE PRISMATIC BAND REFRACTOR WITH Open CANOPY AND HOLDER. For 250 and 400 c-p. Series and 300, 400 and 500 Watt Multiple Lamps. Ship. Wt. per 10—80 Lb. Consists of: Cat. No. 174275 Holder and Cat. No. 174274 Refractor. RADIAL WAVE REFLECTOR (Cat. No. 46219) FINISH.—Heavily enameled on upper and lower surfaces with highly-glazed reflecting surface. DISTRIBUTION.—The waves serve to make the reflected light of uniform intensity on all sides of the lamp. The reflector gives a fair amount of light at the higher angles with more light toward the vertical. DOME RADIAL WAVE REFLECTOR (Cat. No. 174270) FINISH.—Same as for the Radial Wave Reflector. DISTRIBUTION.—The waves equalize the light on all sides of the lamp but the maximum light is reflected at a 10-degree angle and thus promotes uniform intensities from lamp to lamp. CONSTRUCTION.—A large handhole enables the removal of both socket and lamp as a unit. The dome not only adds to appearance, byt serves to reflect the upward rays so that the only light lost is that cut off by the base of the lamp. The reflector has a rolled edge which prevents the splitting of the enamel or the rusting of the reflector. BAND REFRACTOR (Cat. Nos. 174273 and 174276) FINISH.—Clear glass, smooth on outer and inner surfaces. DISTRIBUTION.—The refracting prisms thoroughly diffuse the light and direct both upward and downward light to the 10-degree angle. The direct downward light is unob- structed and this affords ample illumination beneath the lamp. The refractor makes a beautiful appearance. CONSTRUCTION.—The refractor consists of two clear glass bands one of which fits snugly within the other in which position the joints are sealed. The outer surface of the inner band has horizontal prisms which direct the light to an angle of 10 degrees below the horizontal. The inner surface of the outer band has vertical prisms which spread the light trans- versely. Liberal hand room in the dome interior enables the removal of lamp and socket as a unit. By releasing the auto- matic spring latch, the refractor holder, which is hinged to the spun dome, can be lowered. Cleaning is thus facilitated. The small size and the shape of the canopy prevent the collection of snow and ice upon it and also make it a smaller mark for malicious breakage. Sockets and Receptacles & 3 / X o 4 i Fig. 36 Vig. 40 Fig. 41 eC Ship. ae Fig. No. | Descriptive Pe | per 100 25708 ase | Porcelain series, socket and receptacle, complete, including iron yoke, Cat. No. 25714, for use with Mogul screw base lampS. ........-+.0-2 nesses 200 25711 35 Porcelain series socket only, for Mogul screw base | lampsiis vents cree e gestae ie oceans ees 112 177143 B6 | Porcelain receptacle with clips. .....-.......5555 100 25720 37 Porcelain series socket only, for medium screw basedamps ) i, co.cc ibeeen oe Sete ne 46 4156722 38 Skeleton multiple socket for Mogul screw base Chavet Ae gO A hr Sno nonin oo Soa 52 129804 39 Porcelain multiple socket, for Mogul screw base PAIS fos Sielecg bonne oe oe OL aa am ee er eaesiae etn 112 129803 40 Porcelain multiple socket, for medium serew base | JampS iio. 4 soln toes clerk iar mee grapatesetasiecipinaaln 112 #159377 41 Porcelain multiple socket with 14-in. pipe tap, for Mogul screw base lamps with plunger spring CEenterzCOMvach i nam erent eeta Manlio anoReaan n= La 330 +GEH427 42 - Porcelain multiple socket with yoke for 14-in. pipe, for medium screw base lamps.............-005 80 25712 43 Porcelain receptacle with clip and iron yoke. This is Cat. No. 25708 less Cat. No. 25711.......... 103 25713 Porcelain receptacle with clips only............-. 54 25714 Iron yoke (7%-in.—18 thread) with two screws Cat. No. 10252. Used in Cat. No. 25712...... 50 146627 44 Keyless receptacle... ....- ++. esse ese renee esas 30 65951 he Aluminum disk film cutout. Tested for 110 volts; probable limit of breakdown 250 to 450 volts. ... ly §147969 Lead disk film cutout. Tested for 70 volts; prob- | able limit of breakdown, 70 to 250 volts........ Vy * Class B—Standard package 50. + Class B—Standard package 100. { Class B—Standard package 250. § Designed for use with lamps operated from SL transformers. Nory.—With each shipment of 12 or less of the above series sockets, a package of 15 disk film cutouts, Cat. No. 65951, is included. Gel NGI RYA E Selb eOONR Cea DOA VEO LG. 23 COMPRESSION CHAMBER MULTIGAP LIGHTNING ARRESTERS ) OUTDOOR SERVICE—UP TO 15,000 VOLTS Every time light- ning damagesatrans- former or causes its fuses to blow, there- by interrupting ser- vice, there is being created that most de- structive of feelings, — ill-will — which eventually strikes your bank account. Nothing is more unprofitable than a dissatisfied public, and nothing more disturbing than con- stant complaints be- cause of poorservice. GE transformers provide transformer strength: GE lightning arresters furnish lightning protection. Fuse blowing can be greatly reduced and injury to trans- formers practically eliminated by installing efficient light- ning arresters on each transformer pole. The farther away the arrester is from the transformer the greater will be the potential strain on the transformer during lightning disturbances. With the lightning arrester located one pole away, the potential strain on the transformer under 5 adAL IN34YN) ONILWNAA Ly OWHOs ONTINUITY of service is largely dependent upon strong mechanical and electrical transformer construction and adequate lightning protection. some conditions is double what it would be with the arrester installed on the same pole. Installation of arresters and transformers, at the same time on the same pole, results in economy in installation and maintenance. Features Efficuent—Because the multigap principle of light- ning arrester design is carried out to the highest scientific degree. Proved to be efficient by the experience of some of the largest operating companies. Light—Because the arrester has no wooden case, which not only requires entrance bushings but also has to be made larger than is required for the support of the ele- ments and their protection against the weather, on ac- count of the necessity of allowing proper clearance. Compact—Because the elements are tightly enclosed in porcelain, the amount and quality of which are care- fully judged so that no material is used in excess of that consistent with good operation. Weatherproof—Because the porcelain is impervious to water and the joints are sealed in such a way that water can by no possibility enter the arrester. Fireproof—Because nothing combustible is used in its construction. Require No Inspection after Installation—Because the arresters are weatherproof and _ fireproof, inspection is unnecessary. As long as the arrester is intact it is in operating condition. 24 P BOERNE Gate lL AGN DREW eo eC Os vie eAg Ney TYPE IL SERIES TRANSFORMERS FOR STREET LIGHTING SERVICE HE high efficiency of the 15- and 20-amp. Mazda series lamps has made them very popular for street illumination. Individual auto-transformers have been commonly em- ployed to operate them from standard 6.6- or 7.5-amp. constant current series circuits. Recently, however, due to a number of inherent ad- vantages, there has been a considerable demand for a small series transformer to operate a single lamp by stepping up the line current to the higher current required by the lamp. These transformers are divided into two general types, one being insulated for operation on secondary circuits up to a maximum of 5500 volts and the other up to a maximum of 10,500 volts. The high-voltage (10,500 volts) type has the casing filled with compound. The low-voltage (5500 volts) type is not filled with compound unless specially requested. The compound is an additional protection against moisture reaching the windings, and the transformers having this feature should be recommended when installed where excessive moisture conditions exist. When transformers that are not compound filled are used in places where moisture conditions are severe, extreme care should be taken in wiping the joints in order to insure a watertight joint between cable and transformer. To eliminate the necessity for wiped joints, we can furnish detach- able couplings for the primary leads. The subway type transformers are used for Mazda orna- mental street lighting. The subway type transformersare generally mounted in the base of ornamental posts, in a manhole or subway, or in any manner that local conditions may require. In fact, when con- venience demands, the insulation is so perfect and the construction so watertight and damp- proof that they may actually be buried in the ground. When this is done, however, it is recommended that they be embedded in tar. Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 show a few of the various methods of mounting. They are built in capacities that take care of the 400, 600 and 1000 c-p. series Mazda lamps. The standard primary windings are for 6.6 or 7.5 amperes, and the standard secondary winding is for 15 amperes ( 400 c-p.) or 20 amperes (600 and 1000 c-p.). Special primary windings for any commercial circuits can, however, be supplied. Construction These transformers are entirely enclosed in a steel casing and are absolutely waterproof. Fig. 1 Subway Type All leads on the subway type transformers are brought out through galvanized iron wiping sleeves so that the lead sheath of the underground cable can be readily wiped on. For aerial use, the leads are brought out through porcelain bushings. Each primary lead is brought out separately and a space of approximately 21% inches is left between This makes the most convenient arrangement for connecting the primary wiping sleeves. on primary leads, where, in the majority of cases, a single conductor cable is employed. While the standard arrangement of leads is to have the two primary leads brought out at one end of the transformer and the second- ary leads at the other end, the internal arrange- ment is such that transformers can readily be built to meet any special requirement in the bringing out of leads. It is possible to furnish these transformers with the primary leads brought out at the two ends of the transformer and the second- ary leads brought out at whichever end is most convenient. This makes a very convenient arrangement when it is desired to place the transformer in the ground near the base of the pole, as has been suggested. The casing for these transformers is made of steel and has a black weatherproof finish. To eliminate the necessity for wiped joints we can furnish transformers equipped with detachable couplings for the pri- mary leads. To attach these couplings it is necessary only Fig. 4 Detachable Couplings Fig. 3 Wiped Joints Type IL Series Transformers—Subway Type to peel back the lead sheath and solder the bushing to the sheath. The resultant joint is easily made and is watertight. Electrically, these transformers are designed to meet the most exacting requirements of this class of service and they Cara Nel ROA eS hASE LON? CA TA L O°G will run continuously with the secondary open-circuited, thereby avoiding any possibility of trouble in case a lamp is broken or burns out. Regulation When lamp wattage varies between 8 per cent above and 20 per cent below normal, secondary current will not vary more than 1.0 per cent with normal primary current and frequency. Protection Primary current can go 75 per cent above normal without increasing secondary current over 45 per cent. All transformers ompound Filling Transformer Casing Tanstormer Lead insulated for 10,500-volt circuits take an insula- an insulation test of 1500 volts from secondary windings to metal parts. The transformers insulated for 5500- volt circuits are given a test of 12,000 yn Z Separabely Loch Washer i ae, 4 Springcomaitlip tion test of 22,000 volts for one ae "Y nsucdtinglinuig minute between primary and _ all real : parts. All transformers are given Pip g' Lnsubation 8 / q' ,_-Lead Sheath -LeadWasher VA Brass Bushing KW Sweated to Sheath Re = SS Conductor Fig. 5 ; Sectional View of Detachable Coupling for Primary Lead volts for one minute between pri- mary and all parts. These tests are in accordance with the latest rulings of the A. IL. E. E. Methods of Mounting SSS SSS sss ss Ss S Fig. 7 Series Transformer Mounted in Pole on Lugs Cast in Base (Side View) Advantages A few of the advantages of these individual-lamp series transformers are as follows: High efficiency series lamps can be used where high poten- tial is impracticable. No film cutout is required since each lamp is independent of the others in the circuit. In case of an accident to one or more, the remainder of the lamps on the circuit burn without inter- ruption. They protect the lamps from surges in the line. They are a valuable adjunct to “Safety First” in orna- mental street lighting, because they insulate the pole and lamp from the high tension series circuit and permit the use of high efficiency series lamps in business districts where ordinances prohibit high tension wires above the street surface. For use with pendant units, the transformers can be mounted on the cross-arms of the poles. They save the expense of high-voltage conductors, heavy insulation and high tension cutouts, a saving which materially assists in liquidating the difference between the first cost of auto-transformers and series transformers, the latter being naturally somewhat higher priced. Furthermore this low voltage eliminates the ‘75 per cent of all line troubles” which occur between the pole and the lamp. OP iG Da: OVO), Wik Loe 75 27: VIAN ZA ed jf Os. : Fig. 9 Series Transformer Buried in Ground 26 Pek WeENsG El GAT Ns D RaW Ss) 2 CaO ave eA Ney CONSTANT CURRENT TRANSFORMER TYPE RV Standard, 60 Cycles, 2300 Volts, Primary; 6.6 or 7.5 Amperes Secondary. Can be furnished for any Primary Voltage up to 5000 Volts. Any Frequency or any Secondary Current. For Primary Voltage over 5000 Volts, Specify Type RJ. Ball Bearings eliminate friction. Removable Sectors facilitate shipment. Parts removed when transformer is shipped. High-grade Flexible Steel Sup- porting Cable. Primary Connections, with Rugged Balancing Levers—For extra tap for light load operation. supporting coils and counter weights. Angle Iron Frame — Reduces weight, adds strength. Dashpot — Of ample size to prevent swinging. Special— Extra flexible leads to | moving coil—insures smooth op- eration. Accessible Balance Weights — Allow easy adjustment of current. Expanded Metal Casings—Per- mits inspection and prevents accidental contact with live parts. Type RV Constant Current Transformer Sa Sub-divided Windings—Light weight — Low internal voltages— Maximum ventilation. The Constant Current Transformer is a single piece of apparatus which: Insulates load circuit from supply circuit. Requires no skilled labor for operating or adjusting. Delivers the correct current to load circuit under a// conditions of supply and load without change of adjustment. Protects lamps against variations of supply voltage or frequency, and against changes of load due to grounds or short circuits. | | DIMENSIONS IN INCHES APPROX. WT. IN LB. Cat. No. | Kw. | Amps. ee. | A B Cc Net Ship. 197089 5 6.60 th 34 17 23 300 500 197091 10 6.6 37 20 25 475 650 A 197093 15 6.6 40 23 28 650 850 197095 | 20 6.6) > | mm 25 30 800 1000 197097 25 6.6 18 7 34 1050 1450 197099 30 6.6 53 28 38 1250 1600 CEERNE EE ROAS fo LAS ON eC AE A LAO'G CONSTANT CURRENT TRANSFORMER RYE He) Standard, 60 Cycles, 2000/2300 Volts, Primary; 6.6 or 7.5 Amperes, Secondary Can be furnished for any Primary Voltage, Frequency or Secondary Current no ~ Recess in hand_ hole cover fitted with gasket to exclude dirt and mois- ture. - 7 ny Hinged Door for Hand Hole — gives easy access for inspection and adjustment. Leads permanently fastened to and insulated from cover. Ball Bearings eliminate friction. eae EN , Simple, one-piece bal- | a ncing lever. Strong Cast Iron Cover Supports Mechanism. Adjusting weight is} only part not submerged in oil. —— =a Heavy Strap Iron Sup- ports bolted to cover makes possible the removal of transformer from tank with- out drawing off oil. Tempered steel spring }—— Rigid Coil Supports ——_ of Insulating material. | Point Support for mov- ing coil. Windings light weight and compact, sub-divided by cooling ducts allowing. | | free circulation of oil. fc = 5-kw. Type RO Transformer Without Tank Core-heavily insulated. } Will maintain constant current within 1 per cent. of normal from full load to short circuit. An outdoor weatherproof unit, oil cooled, designed for pole mounting, but may also be used in the central station or sub-station. Requires no attendant or control panel. Regulation entirely automatic and instantaneous—no taps or adjustments. The first and only outdoor transformer that automatically maintains constant current under all conditions. WEIGHTS—TYPE RO TRANSFORMERS APPROX. WT. IN LB, EFFICIENCIES | Cat.No.| Kw. | Amps.| Gals. | Wt. Net | Ship.| Full | % % Me Oil Oil EON SO Load | Load | Load | Load | 197065 1 6.6 28 200 275 | 425 91.5 89.5 | 85.0 73.0 197066 2 6.6 32 230 320 520 93.0 910 87.0 77.0 197067 3 6.6 32 230 365 560 93.5 91.5 | 88.0 78.5 197068 by} 6.6 40 290 420, 630 94.0 921 | 89.0 80.0 197069 7.5 6.6 40 290 450 660 94.5 92.7 90.0 82.0 197070 10 66 40 290 | 500 | 710 95.0 93.5 91.0 83.5 219573 15 6.6 75 540 900 | 1300 94.5 93.0 90.0 81.0 219575 20 6.6 85 610 1100) | 1500 94.6 93.1 90.0 81.0 5-kw. Type RO Transformer Primary Power Factors: Full load 70, 34 load 51, 4% load 36, and 14 load 20, 20-kw. Type RO Transformer 28 POE ip Ne Gee ls NEN Dake beaVeS CO sMEPAAON TY “TRADE MARK REG. U.S. PATENT OFFICE. Over 40 Years the Standard for Rubber Insulation Manufactured by THE OKONITE COMPANY One Quality Only — The Best KONITE INSULATION contains never less than 30% by weight (over 60% by volume) of Wild Dry Up-River Fine Para Rubber, with no admixture of low-grade rubber, re- claimed rubber, or rubber substitutes. OKONITE is compounded with nothing but the highest grade materials and each step in the process of manu- facture is carefully checked so as to be absolutely certain that the finished insulated wire will be a uniform and perfect product. OKONITE compound is calendered to the exact thick- ness required and backed with sheet tin. The compound with its tin backing is cut into strips and folded around the tinned copper wire (sheet tin on the outside) and rigidly held in this mould during the This not only insures perfect centering of the conductor, but greatly adds to the density of the vulcanized product, in- creases the tensile strength, prolongs thelife,and greatly im- proves the electrical qualities. process of vulcanization. COPPER CONDUCTOR INSULATION JUTE poe Every foot of OKkoNITE ERA THING Insulated Wire or Cable is tested before the application of tapes, braid, or other cov- ering and after 48 hours im- mersion in water. JUTE CUSHION ae Oxonitp® Insulation has been made continuously since saturaTep /878 in one quality only. And JUTE has proven itself in actual ser- vice for the past 42 years to be the acme of rubber insu- lation and the standard by which all rubber insulations are judged. OKONITE Parkway Cable Oxonrre Insulation is elastic, tough and durable. It will withstand greater abuse than any other insulation on the market. It never fails to meet unconditionally the most searching specifications. Use Oxonire for safety. OKONITE Insulation has been proven by 42 years of service to be long lived. Use OKoniTeE for economy. How Can I Tell It? , . It Means the Best All genuine OKkoNITE insulated wires — Look for the Ridge bear the trade-mark, a single ridge on the rubber insulation (under the braid), run- ning parallel to the copper conductor. Reg. U.S. Pat. Office Oxon!Te Insulated Wires and Cables are made in any size from the smallest lamp cord to the largest practicable multiple conductor cable, for any service and any commercial voltage and can be furnished in any of the following finishes: Weatherproof, flameproof, as- bestos or steel wire braid. OKOLOOM. Lead Covered. Steel Tape Armored (Parkway Cable). Steel Wire Armored (Submarine Cable). Separately or in combination. OKONITE Lead Covered Power Cable CAtANGIE RA le ou Ae HOON dey X 1% 7) 126 No. 4910 Pin with Strap for Wood Cross-Arm Cera Ne hearin ts: Daa OPN Craw A LO7G 51 Hubbard Wood Top Pins with Steel Bolts Peirce Presteel Pole Top Bolts Hot Galvanized or Plain Brackets Hubbard Wood Top Pins are composed of seasoned locust tops, thoroughly impregnated with paraffin and stiff steel fin bolts. They are made in a variety of heights with short and long shanks for wood, angle or channel steel arms, and for two sizes of When wood or straight steel arms are used for a high tension line, the top wire of the triangle may be strung on a Peirce Forged Steel Pin mounted at the top of Fi J Neeeor : : yole on this Pole Top No.8 insulator pin holes, 1 and 138 No. 3085 : on inches in diameter. No. 8070 Pole Top Bracket ests Size of Wood Top, In. Length of Per 100 ae piem: ee r ' Size of Bolt, In. Bolt below Weight oO. op ottom ength Diam. Length Top, In. Lbs. E aie ie ante. VV eae Ts Z Hubbard Steel Angle and Channel 8071 1 Qy 51, «4 6% 1% 60 ROIgeIe Biz aig oe 5 90 Cross-Arms — For Heavy Duty 8073 13% Q\y Big a 3% 614 Vel Wales 8074 1 1% AD ees 914 5 72 8075 1 24 54% OM 1014 5480 8076 iy a4 gv. | AV; 11% 64% 88 8077 13% Quy 44% 5% 914 5 135 8078 13% Q14 41% 3% 101% 6 160 8079 13% Q\y bee 1014 5, 165 8080 134 Q14 6% % 121% 6 190 8081 13% Q4 8 5g 14 6 225 8082 134 234 9 56 16 7 250 Peirce B&K : A ; For dead ends, corners, and any situation or place where Forged Steel ; ; : Pin extra strength is required. ee These arms can be furnished in any dimension and for any with impregnated . : wood top spacing. No. 1040 Hubbard Angle Cross-Arm Braces Presteel Pins The strength, light weight and low cost of the Presteel Pins have brought about their use on all but the heaviest of high tension construction. ‘They are pressed from sheet steel, which gives the maximum strength for a given weight, and are fur- nished with Peirce Spring Threads, which screw into insulators with 1 and 1%%-inch pin holes, and with Peirce drawn steel sep- arable thimbles for cementing into insulators of these two sizes. In the construction of heavy pole lines, particularly for high voltage circuits, a one-piece cross-arm brace made of angle steel is in general use. The Angle, or Drop Brace, as it is sometimes Dimensions in Inches Soascre called, gives greater strength and rigidity to the arm than can Net cast Stele of Daph! We vibe, be secured with standard flat braces. It is fastened to the arm 3040 10 18 8 1” Spring Thread 227 by a carriage bolt at each end, and to the pole by a lag screw. 3041 10 18 8 1 %” Spring Thread 230 3042 10 18 8 %%" Thimble 227 3043 10 18 8 1%” Thimble 230 3045 1 le Gy ake Spring Thread 303 3046 10 24 8 1 3%” Spring Thread 305 3047 10 24 8 %%" Thimble 303 83048 10 Q4 8 1%" Thimble 305 Braces of any desired dimensions can be furnished, and in ordering special sizes, please give the dimensions A, B and C, as indicated in the illustration, and state size of holes and size No. 3040 No. 3048 of angle desired. 54 P Bene NeGshele LS ASN ean aa CeO MIS UAAPNGY Bo-Arrow Arms HIGH TENSION Ad a a S SINGLE ARM DOUBLE OR CORNER ARM Single Bo-Arrow Arms A Bo-Arrow Arm consists of one Bow, one Arrow and one 34 x 14-inch machine bolt for fastening the Bow and Arrow \ together. Stock Number Dimensions in Inches Weight, Lbs. Type A Type B Wire Spacing Size Angle Each 6024 6124 24 QWox2loxl4 21 6030 6130 30 QWoxox4 25 6036 6136 36 SES Omexed. 39 6052 6152 52 Bi SG} 2d 52 6072 6172 72° 3 3G) agA 69 Bo-Arrow Double Arming Sets These Sets are adjustable by means of the slots in the cross pieces for poles of from 7 to 11 inches in top diameter, and con- sist of a right- and a left-hand Bow, a right- and a left-hand straight Arrow, three cross-pieces of angle or channel steel, depending on whether forged steel or clamp pins are used, two bolts for fastening Bows and Arrows together and six bolts for clamping the cross-pieces to the arms. These cross-pieces are necessary to give sufficient clearance between the two large high voltage insulators required in each line wire, but are not needed on the 24- and 30-inch arms, in which cases two Bows, two straight Arrows and a double arming or spreader bolt for fastening the four parts together are furnished. Weight, Lbs. Stock Number Dimensions in Inches Type A Type B Wire Spacing Size Angle Per Set 6224 6324 Q4 QWoxQloxl4 43 6230 6330 30 WMexQhoxl4 51 6236 6336 36 B 63 54h 113 6252 6352 52 Saxon xe 4 139 6272 6372 G2 Sxse xy 173 Through Bolts are not included with Bo-Arrow Arms and Bayonets on account of the great variation in the lengths re- quired for the different classes of poles used. Three bolts are needed for a Single or Double Arming Set and two for a Corner Bayonet, the proper size being about 2 inches longer than the top diameter of the pole. When bayonets are used with single arms, two washers are required per arm; without bayonets, three washers. No washers are needed with double arming sets or corner bayonets. Determination of Wire Spacing The proper wire spacing for a given voltage depends on so many local conditions that it is impossible to determine it properly without detail information. Roughly, 24-inch is the usual spacing for 6,600 volt lines, 36-inch for voltages of 11,000, 22,000 and 33,000, 52-inch for 44,000 and 72-inch for 66,000 volts. There is a very marked tendency toward the use of a liberal wire spacing and many companies are now using much larger spacings than they formerly considered adequate, es- pecially for 11,000 and 22,000 volt lines. Peirce Presteel Racks for Vertical Secondaries oO oO oe a e < oO QD > x uy ° a =e No. 258 Racks with 8-inch spacing between line wires. No, 358 Vertical arrangement of the wires of Secondary Mains as provided by Peirce Secondary Racks attached to poles in place of Secondary Cross-Arms has won its way by sheer merit. Fully 50% of secondary construction during 1919 employed this method. It is cheaper in first cost. It can be maintained at !4 the cost of cross-arm construction. Wood arms are at their highest efficiency the day they are put up. From that day they rapidly decline. The PEIRCE SECONDARY RACK will last a lifetime. It reduces hazard. It eliminates inductive drop. By its use cut-ins and cut-outs may be made at a mmimum No.2 250 Standard Racks with 4-inch spac- ing between line wires, of time and expense. Latest Method of Low Tension Distribution Gai Ne hee ee eae TOON. GALT A LOG 53 Peirce Wireholders A typical application of Peirce Secondary Racks Peirce Presteel Horizontal House Brackets Peirce Wireholders come completely assembled with insula- tors; packed in wooden boxes with insulators protected by corrugated fiber sleeves. They get to the job with minimum Some engineers prefer a horizontal to a vertical house labor and absolutely no breakage. No. 343 bracket. They have the same strength as the No. 253 Vertical Their first cost is less than that of any other form of wall Bracket, which six years’ experience has shown is strong enough bracket. for all but the heaviest service wires. Peirce Wireholders, being universal in their application, require a smaller stock in your storeroom. They largely eliminate tie wires, thus saving both labor and material. You can’t afford not to take advantage of these savings. No. 243 The Peirce One- Ninety Wireholder Fits the Hand Like a Screwdriver No Tools ae Required. i) Avabe A Few Turns and It’s In! WI)h/ since, ij y ff! Wy, ws Ws yp! Y Z_ For most work, no tie Or line wire may be run Or line wire may be ce eae wires are required. through hole in insula- placed in outer groove No. 353 The line is simply run tor and tie wire placed and tie wire run SY ‘ ‘ through the hole in the in outer groove. through the hole —de- These brackets are more than twice as strong as the ordi- insulator. sirable when long runs ar ; nary malleableiron brackets under any kind of loading— vertical, horizontal or side stress. They are suitable for service wires up to and including No. 6 in any reasonable length span. Ask Pettingell-Andrews Company for a catalog showing For larger sizes of conductor and exceptional span, these the complete line of Hubbard Pole Line Hardware and Peirce brackets can be furnished in a heavier type. Construction Specialties. ot POR leNe Grell AUNG Da Reeve C2Oe IRE ZAGN AR TTA. ae re Strands are interlocked so that they cannot become separa- 12843—End Bolt >ig inch Diameter, with Ey« 5 12844—End Bolt %¢ inch Diameter, with Eye ted should insulator be broken. 12845—Intermediate Bolt, % inch Diameter, with Casting Holes for strand are straight, making installation easy. 12846—Intermediate Bolt, ?g inch Diameter, with Casting See data below: Sockets can be furnished for any size cable. Number 25314 25009 | 12458 13431 11629 | 11630 | 11940 “GCeaeall Neonates MOMS a c,ors og Oa same meee es Osean scenes ane 6600 1500 1500 1500 3000 | 6600 11000 Diameter, ITI CHES Mane cRNRR Rete RL coke Laney a 27 een me ah 4g 35% | 31% 35% 436 534 | 734 eno thieinChesty practtee te eer ey ok crt | Ae, 7 4 | 316 4 5 6% sO Diameter strand hole, inches)... 04. 4..ac5 106... eee: 34 We | 5% 1 58 5% We Approximate Net Weight per 100. lbs.................... 450 175 | 113 138 200 335 400 Approximate Weight Packed per 100, lbs................. 490 185 123 178 250 410 | 565 Approximate Number in Package.................--.... 70 240 260 260 100 50 30 *See “Rating” Page 55 60 PLE IV Ne G Leb ANE DER Ea Sc 0 ovine Noa O-B Porcelain Wall Insulator O-B Low Voltage Outlet Bushing Type B, Form 1 — 30,000-60,000 Volts 2300-6600 Volts Especially adapted for primary meter house outlets, ete. Bushing is furnished complete with flange as shown. Can be furnished in special lengths, either end or both. O-B Porcelain Wall or Roof Insulators This insulator consists of a corrugated porcelain disc cement- ed on a heavy corrugated porcelain tube. May be cemented in the wall or in a small housing built on the side of the wall. In any case the corrugated surface of flange should face towards the outside. Similar designs with flanges up to 30 in. diameter may be furnished on special order. No. 10649—11,000 Volts 30}% inches long, 11 inches maximum diameter | | at : | *General Leakage Net Weight | Maximum Length No. Rating Surface Each Diameter Overall 10048 | 30000. | 19 in. 22 lbs. 12 in. 14 in. 10049 50000 | ~~ Qh in. Q4\lbs. | 14 in. 14 in. 10050 | 60000 | 30 in. 29 lbs. 14 in. | Q0 in. * See “Rating” page 55. Special O-B Porcelains METAL FLANGE The photograph below conveys some idea of the capacity of the O-B factory for producing special shapes. If you encounter special conditions take your problem up No. 10651—22,000 to 33,000 Volts 301% inches long. Diameter flange, 12 inches ; iM ‘ a : The above insulators are typical O-B Wall or Roof Insulators. There are various with O-B Engineers. They can help you to a solution. standard designs to take care of voltages up to 100,000. - Ce a ee 149.14 40 40 40.05.49:49. 4g AG.td Mata g ty ng tata tanar gad Ca eNe WER eAr eS ole ATT i OeN CATALOG Regularly furnished white glazed. The actual working voltage, thickness of wall, floor, etc., and whether for indoor or outdoor service, should be specified on all orders or inquiries. High Tension, Form 1 O-B Porcelain Bushings and Tubes High Tension, Form 2 Dimensions in Inches Test Dimensions in Inches Test Number Voltage A B Cc D E 10880 3% | 4 4 3 i 30,000 10881 316 2 4 3 5 30,000 10882 4g 14 5 3 5 30.000 10883 44 2 5 3 5 30,000 10884 % | wo 54% 3 5 30,000 10885 5 1 WBZ 54% 3 5 30,000 10886 5 | 2 5% 3 5 30,000 10887 38% | 1% 4 4 6 40,000 10888 3% | 2 4 4 6 40,000 10889 44yy | 1% 5 4 6 40,000 10890 44 ope 5 4 6 40,000 10891 5 t 88 54% 4 6 40,000 10892 5 14 51% 4 6 40,000 10893 is 2 54% 4 6 40,000 10894 314 14 4 6 8 55,000 10895 384% | 2 4 6 8 | 55,000 10896 4lyy | 1% 5 6 8 | 55,000 10897 ERA 2 5 6 8 55,000 10898 5 3 54% 6 8 55,000 10899 5 14 5% 6 8 | 55,000 10900 5 2 54% 6 8 55,000 10901 3% 14 4 8 10 70,000 10902 414 14 5 8 10 70,000 10903 4ly 2 5 8 10 70,000 10904 5 } 14 5 8 10 | 70,000 10905 5 2 54% 8 10 70,000 10906 5 3 514% 8 10 70,000 10907 4g 14 5 10 12 85,000 10908 5 14 54% 10 12 85,000 10909 5 P 54% 10 12 85,000 10910 5 3 54% 10 12 | 85,000 10911 414 4 5 12 14 100,000 10912 5) 14 54% 12 14 100,000 10913 5 Q 5% 12 14 100,000 High Tension, Form 3 a rl aC B ab Dimensions in Inches Test Number Voltage A B xe | D 12880 3 Q | 1 234 20,000 12881 3 Qe 14% | 34 20,000 12882 3 3 | Q | 334 20,000 12883 5 g | 1 | 234 30,000 12884 5 Ql 4 | 1 1 2 | 314 30,000 12885 5 38 | Q 334 30,000 12886 i Q 1 234 40,000 12887 7 Ql6 14% 314 40,000 12888 7 3 xf 2 334 40,000 12889 9 Q 1 Q34 50,000 12890 9 Qe 1% 314 50,000 12891 9 3 4 334 50,000 12892 11 Q 1 Q34 55,000 12893 11 Q6 1% 34 55,000 12894 11 3 | Q 334 55,000 12895 13 2 a al | BA | 60,000 12896 13 Q6 1% 34 60,000 12897 13 3 2 334 60,000 Number Voltage See | G D E 10914 34% 1, =| 4 3 5 30,000 10915 31% Q 4 3 5 30,000 10916 4ly WA es | 3 5 30,000 10917 414 Q 5 3 | 5 30,000 10918 5 3 516 3 5 30,000 10919 5 ye | 5% 3 5 30,000 10920 5 2 54% 3 5 30,000 10921 34% 14 4 4 6 40,000 10922 314 Q 4 4 6 40,000 10923 44 1\% 5 4 6 40,000 10924 Aly Q 5 4 6 40,000 10925 5 3 5% 4 6 40,000 10926 5 14 5% 4 6 40,000 10927 5 Q 51% 4 6 40,000 10928 3% 14 4 | 6 8 55,000 10929 3% Q 4 6 8 55,000 10930 414 Wy | 5 6 8 55,000 10931 414 2 | 6 6 8 55,000 10932 5 3 51% 6 8 55,000 10933 5 14 54% 6 8 55,000 10934 5 Q 5% 6 | 8 55,000 10935 8% | 1% 4 Sn ee U0) 70,000 10936 Ave | 114 5 8 | 10 70,000 10937 4yz | 5 Se 70,000 10938 5 | 14% 5% 8 10 70,000 10939 5 2 5% 8 10 70,000 10940 5 3 5% See 70,000 10941 AMG 1K 5 LOMMae 1 85,000 10942 5 14 5% 10 | 12 85,000 10943 5 Q 5% 10 12 85,000 10944. 5 | 3 5% 10 12 85,000 10945 4y%e| 1% 5 12 14 100,000 10946 5 1\% 5 12 14 100,000 10947 5 Q 54 | 12 | 14 100,000 High Tension, Form 4 Dimensions in Inches Test Number Voltage A B C D 12898 3 2 1 | @6 10,000 12899 3 Qe 1% | 8 10,000 12900 5 2 1 Qe 20,000 12901 5 Qls 1% 3 20,000 12902 5 3 ) 314 20,000 12903 7 Q 1 Qe 30,000 12904. 7 Q4 1144 3 30,000 12905 7 3 | 2 314 30,000 12906 9 2 f~ “at Ql 40,000 12907 9 Qe 144 3 40,000 12908 9 3 2 314 40,000 12909 11 Q 1 Qe 50,000 12910 11 Qe 1% 3 50,000 12911 11 3 Q 3% 50,000 12912 13 Q 1 | 24 55,000 12913 13 Ql4 1% | 383 55,000 12914. 13 3 Q 3% 55,000 12915 15 2 1 Q6 60,000 12916 15 Qe 1% 3 60,000 12917 15 3] Q 314 60,000 12918 17 2 1 Qe 70,000 12919 17 QW 14 3 70,000 12920 17 3 | @Q 344 70,000 12921 19 Q 1 Ql 75,000 12922 19 Qe 1% 3 75,000 12923 19 3 Q 314 75,000 62 PEP TUN Geel =A N DIRE WV SC Os IRR aa Ney O-B Suspension and Strain Wire Clamps Suspension Eyes Furnished with or without discharge horns. Discharge horns are desirable under certain conditions, as they cut down the time lag for excessive surges and increase the factor of safety of the insulators. Castings are malleable iron, galvanized. No. 13499 Type B, Form 1—Suspension Wire Clamp—Patented Swivel connection between body of clamp and socket pre- vents severe bending strains on center pin of insulator which would otherwise be caused should the transmission wire break. For use with Type B Suspension Insulators. aoa 13(44.mm) With Discharge Horns I = = TDCi Caawer Cable Ses Number — - — - Weight Packed No. 11547 No. 12939 Minimum Maximum per 100 auie = Peas 3 Used for attaching Type B Suspension Insulators to towers. { - co} e 11549 | 34 in. 4% in. 504 Ibs. ; ‘i 2 : 3 11551 3% in. 1% in. 607 Ibs. Made of drop forged steel, galvanized. 11644 2% in. Wie 840 Ibs. Without Discharge Horns é SS eee ae ee ee Suspension Hooks 11538 346 In. 6 in. 417 Ibs. 11540 4 In. 14 in. 524 Ibs. ; No. 11546—For Type B Suspension Insulator—Malleable Iron No. 11542—Suspension Strain Wire Clamp—Patented No. 13394—For Type B Suspension Insulator—Forged Steel No loose parts need be handled in installing, as hook bolts ‘an be turned back out of the way while wire is being seated in groove. Without Discharge Horn hes vi *Diameter Copper Cable Insulators Weight Packed Minimum Maximum Used With Per 100 11541 346 In. Vg in. Type B 646 10755 346 In. V6 in. Type D 540 11542 946 In. | 146 in. Type B 697 11040 4% in. 4 in. Type D 591 11543 3 in. 34 in. Type B 859 11328 34 in. 34 in. Type D | 753 With Discharge Horn 11946 34 In. Yo in. Type B 786 11947 34 in. 1 in. Type D 680 No. 13393—For Type D Suspension Insulator—Malleable Iron 11949 4 in. 116 in. Type B 837 tees 746 in. "6 in. Tye p | ee This hook is used for attaching Suspension Insulators to 95% “gs \n. | v4, \N. ype | IIe : : . 11953 Sa | earn ope D 893 towers. The opening of the hook is closed by the insulator ‘ap, thus preventing unhooking after installation. Galvanized * When aluminum cable is used, an aluminum protecting sleeve about ‘4% in. thick eee J should encircle cable in clamp and diameter should be measured over sleeve. finish. Cae Nees eee lel i OuNe CTA TAL TOG 63 Ball Socket Eye Insulator Strain Yokes Form 1—Patented No. 11544 For attaching Type B Suspension Insulators to Type E Strain Clamps or other clamps having a clevis. Weight, packed, 111 pounds per 100. 9-16 in. hole. Malleable iron, galvanized. Ball Socket Clevis No. 11686—Upper Yoke No. 12931—Upper Yoke No. 11688—Lower Yoke No. 11688—Lower Yoke For particularly heavy strains at dead ends, ete., or for double construction at railway crossings, two strings of Type B Suspension Insulators may be connected in multiple by means of these yokes which are provided with discharge horns. Upper No. 11545—with 5 in. Bolt For attaching clamp having an eye to the ball center pin of Type B Suspension Insulators. Weight, packed, 145 pounds per 100. Malleable iron, galvanized. Suspension Clevis yokes furnished with clevis fitting at top, if desired. Castings malleable iron, galvanized. Tlorm 2—Patented No. 12937 For attaching Type B Suspension Insulators to towers. Weight, packed, 115 pounds per 100. Cast steel, galvanized. Strain Links No. 12933—Upper Yoke No. 12935—Lower Yoke Suspension Eyes are used on Upper Yoke while Ball Socket No. 13230—Straight No. 13231—Twisted Eyes are used on Lower Yoke for attaching insulators. These Used for attaching Suspension Insulators to towers, strain connections give greater flexibility than the Form 1 Yokes. yokes, etc. Made in one piece of drop forged steel, galvanized. Castings are malleable iron, galvanized. 64 P EerebIoNe Gebel = AGN DRG aes ce Os Vighe Ae Ne TYPE FP-7 OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER Fig. 1. Triple-Pole, Single-Throw, 4500-Volt, 100-Ampere Oil Circuit Breaker HE Type FP-7 oil circuit breaker is for outdoor service and is especially adapted for pole top mounting. It is for use on alternating current, for sectionalizing feeder systems, cutting out transformers, and all classes of service requiring a reliable outdoor breaker to be operated under load within the limits of its rating. In many instances the use of a Type FP-7 oil circuit breaker in connection with a transformer will obviate the necessity of bringing high tension lines into the building. Breakers listed are all non-automatic. They are manually operated and the open or closed positions of the breaker are indicated by raised letters on the frame. Throwing the handle over to “‘on’’ closes, and to “‘oft” opens the breaker. These breakers are rated at 4500 volts, 100 amperes, and either 7500 or 15,000 volts, 200 amperes. CoHONe Deh aes AS tl ON CoA TA LOG TYPE FK-20 OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS For Industrial Service up to 300 Amperes and 2500 Volts YPE FK-20 oil circuit breakers are intended primarily for use with induction motors in industrial applications. They possess features which render them particularly well suited for such service. Under proper supervision they are suc- cessfully used in some of the more dangerous branches of industrial service, such as textile and flour mills, gas works, coal mines, in the pumping and refining of oil, ete., where inflammable dust or gases are present. Fig. 1 Type F K-20 Oil Circuit Breaker with Series Trip Coils and Under Voltage Device Automatic breakers may be effectively used as branch feeder cutouts in the place of enclosed fuses, especially on 2500-volt work in textile mills and similar installations. While Type FK-20 oil circuit breakers are totally enclosed for the purpose of rendering them dustproof, they are not waterproof and should not be used out of doors unless protected by shelter or housing. Type FK-20 oil circuit breakers are not recommended for use out of doors, or indoors when directly connected to incoming lines where they will be subjected to surges or other voltage disturbances, unless they are protected by lightning arresters or other surge protective devices. Breakers so used require a greater safety factor of insula- tion than breakers normally used indoors in industrial] applications. Features Safe—All live parts entirely enclosed. Reliable — Excellent electrical and mechan- ical design, not requir- ing operation by skilled labor. Durable — Strong construction, insuring long life of all parts. Flexible — Combina- tions to meet wide range of conditions. Compact—Few oper- ating parts and these arranged in systematic manner. Simple — All parts supported by frame, making installation easy. Fig. 2 Type FK-20 Oil Circuit Breaker with Series Trip Coils and Under Voltage Device with Auto Transformer. (For use on 220-, 440— and 550—volt circuits) Mounting The breaker can be mounted on a wall, post, or other flat surface, or on a machine by the use of brackets or suitable supports. Higeeo! Type FK-20 Oil Circuit Breaker with Series Trip Coils and Under Voltage Device with Voltage Transformer. (For use on 2500-volt circuits) Capacity Type FK-20 oil circuit breakers are built in three capa- cities, non-automatic and automatic, for use on two-,* three-, and four-wire systems up to 2500 volts, as follows: Amperes Poles = pe. Throw 60 Triple and Four Single 200 Triple and Four Single 300 — Triple Single *For use on two-wire circuits a triple-pole breaker is recommended and connections to middle pole omitted. 66 Pobre ONaGe hi De ASN Den ehay Ves CEOTME ra Ae Nes INDUCTION VOLTAGE REGULATORS HE economic generation and distribution of electric power requiring the use of large generat- ing units, the establishment of generating stations of great capacities, the transmission of power at high voltages to step-down transformer sub- stations, and the distribution of this power to the con- sumers at relatively low voltages, will result in general in unsatisfactory voltage variations, due to the variations in the load of the various feeders, unless means provided for its adjustment. The voltage of a generator, or of a number of generators are in the same station, may automatically be maintained con- Secondary Large Coll Bushing Board ; 7 ee j stant, regardless of the load, at the station bus or at any point on the transmission tem, by means of a generator voltage regulator, but this arrangement is not SVs- Clamping Widdlé Coil Syna//Col/ Large Col} Short Gircult Wins on separate, circular, concentric sheet iron cores, one of which is stationary, and the other arranged so that it may be partially rotated within the former. The series or secondary winding is arranged in slots on the inside cir- cumference of the stationary core,and the shunt or primary winding in similar slots on the outside circumference of the movable core, and the variation in the feeder voltage produced by the regulator is entirely due to the change in the angular positions of these cores. This construction is shown in Fig. 1, which is a view of a partially disassembled single-phase induction regulator. The windings on both stationary and movable cores are in effect polar wind- ings. With a given pole of the primary opposite a similar pole of the second- ary, the regulator will boost the line voltage, but lower it if opposite Pinion OperatingMotor Caor__ Guard Gear ~Bottom Primary Nameplate | Holder Motor Support Worm Limit Switch will Ley! Segment * Screws —Frimar Cable Pace satisfactory for the a a dissimilar pole; control of individ- Fig. 1. Disassembled View of a 2300-Volt Single-phase Induction Regulator for Distributing Circuit and the change ual feeders. One from “boost” to feeder may serve a business district, while another from the same generator may serve a residence district, and since the amount of compensation required depends on the load, and since the peak of the load occurs at different times in different feeders, the regulation of the individual feeder is essential if good regulation is to be obtained on the entire system. ; In order to meet different requirements and satisfy varying conditions, the General Electric Company has designed and developed the Induction Voltage Regulator. All induction regulators are variable ratio transform- ers, or rather compensators, having two separate and distinct windings, primary and _ secondary, connected respectively across, and.in series with the feeder to be controlled. The product of the volts and amperes on the generator or busbar side is always equal to the product of the volts and amperes on the feeder side, less the small loss in the régulator itself. Induction regulators are built single-phase or poly- phase, and are designated by the type letters IRS for the single-phase, IRQ for the quarter-phase, IRT for the three-phase. Although used principally for the control of lighting circuits, they are equally well adapted to power circuits, either single-phase or polyphase. In all induction regulators manufactured by the General Electric Company, two windings are arranged “lower” is gradual as a given primary pole is rotated through the angle between a similar and a dissimilar pole of the secondary. Induction regulators may be designed for installation in the station as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 or may be modi- fied for outdoor installation as shown in Fig. 5. Station type regulators may be designed for hand operating, remote control motor operation or for automatic operation, the last method being the most used. Regulators for outdoor installation are furnished for automatic operation. A special regulator has also been developed for the control of small feeders. This regulator is designated as the Type PIRS regulator and is shown in Fig. 4 This type of regulator is built in the single-phase design only. It is entirely self-contained, 1. e., the regu- lator itself together with all of the control and operating mechanism is assembled in a cast iron tank. This regu- lator is operated and controlled without any current- making or -breaking contacts or devices. The operating motor is running continuously and the operation of the voltage relay is entirely mechanical. The regulator is simple in design, the various parts are of substantial and rigid construction, ample facilities are provided for lubri- cation andit will, therefore, require a minimum of attention. Ask Pettingell-Andrews Company for a catalog show- ing the complete line of Induction Voltage Regulators, Cala Ne Ulva yon LeAnn IZOUN@ GAr TT) API O-G Fig. 2. Tig. 4. Single-phase Automatic 2300-volt Single-phase Automatic Induction Regulator Fig. 3. Three-phase Automatic Self-cooled with Auxiliaries Mounted on Panel Induction Regulator Pole-type Regulator Fig. 5. Single-phase Automatic Regulator Arranged for Outdoor Installation 68 Polo 18 NeGahelte by APNG Dahle es ClOsVRE ew NY DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS The Standard of Quality INGLE-PHASE and_ three-phase transformers of sizes 200 ky-a. and smaller, of any voltage rating, are designated as ‘Distribution ‘Trans- formers.” This deals with single-phase and three- phase distribution transformers for 25- and 60-cycle circuits, and for operation on standard high voltages of 460 to 34,500 volts inclusive, and low voltages for stand- ard lighting, power and secondary distribution voltages. As no single form of construction can be ideal for this wide range in sizes and voltage ratings, several forms of con- struction have been developed and standardized for GE Distribution Transformers. Each of these constructions is particularly adapted to the zone wherein it is standard. The constructions selected for single-phase transformers utilize the two-,three- or four-part distributed core. (See Fig. 2.) Fig. 1, Type H Distributed Core Distribution Transformer, 25-KV-A., for 2300-115 Volts Various coil constructions have been developed to meet the particular requirements of designs depending upon unit size and voltage rating. In the larger sizes, circular coils of either disk or cylindrical form are used on account of their greatly Fig. 2, Various Kinds of Cores Fig. 2A. Two-Part Distributed Core Partially Assembled Fig. 2B. Three-Part Distributed Core superior mechanical qualities, and the facilities they give for rigid mechanical support. GE Three-phase Distribution Transformers utilize three- legged cores with one phase of the winding assembled on each leg. The windings are cylindrical or approximately cylindrical in form. Vig. 2C. Four-Part Distributed Core Four-Part Distributed Core Partially Assembled Fig. 2D. Single-Phase Transformers INSULATION It may truthfully be said that a transformer is no better than its insulation, for upon this material depends not only the safety and reliability of the apparatus alone, but the life and property of the user of electrical appliances. The selection of insulating material for GE Distribution Transformers has been made after years of scientific research and careful study of the service performance of the thousands of GE Distribu- tion Transformers in operation. Only material best fitted for the particular requirements is used. Each piece of insulation is subject to thorough electrical and mechanical tests and rigid in- spection before it enters into the construction of the transformer. All wire used in Type H transformers is insulated in our own factories by skilled workmen, thereby insuring the dependa- bility of its insulation. A prominent feature in GE Distribution Transformers in smaller sizes is the special mica insulating pad between low tension and high tension circuits. This composite insulation has the necessary qualities for standing up under all electrical conditions, and is subjected to a high potential test many times greater than the voltage of the transformer. A similar pad is used between ends of the high-voltage coils and the core. In these transformers, therefore, the high-voltage winding is practically surrounded by fireproof insulation. In transformers using form-wound coils the insulation between the high-voltage and low-voltage windings, and be- tween the high-voltage winding and core, depends upon the voltage and type of winding. For transformers using disk high-voltage and cylindrical low-voltage coils, the insulation between the high-voltage and low-voltage windings is composed of oil ducts and a cylinder of “573 compound” which, in addition to its high insulating properties, possesses great mechanical strength. The insula- CARNE Neale bee) TOONe, CUA TALE O'G 69 tion between the high-voltage winding and the core consists of specially treated fiber barriers and oil ducts. For transformers using disk high-voltage and disk low- voltage coils assembled interleaved, the insulation between the high-voltage and the low-voltage windings is composed of fiber barriers and oil ducts—the number of barriers and dimen- sions of the ducts varying with the voltage. The insulation between the high-voltage winding and the core is composed of oil ducts and a cylinder of “573 compound.” As sections of the low-voltage windings are placed at both ends of the coil stack next to the core, the ends of the high-voltage winding are well insulated from the core. The insulation between the low-voltage winding and the core in all core-wound transformers is made up from a specially Fig. 4 Partially assembled Type H Transformer showing Mica Pad. Experience has shown the necessity of Fireproof Insulation in Smaller Sizes in order to in- sure protection of the Low Voltage Circuit in case of burnout from abnormal operating conditions. treated fiber which possesses suitable insulat- ing properties and is not injured by the mechanical stress incident to the winding process. WINDINGS Transformer windings are of two general types, those wound directly on the core, and those wound on forms, and _ later as- sembled on the core. Windings made directly on the core have the advantage of rigid support, the insulations being placed in final fixed positions by the winder and not disturbed or distorted by any assembly process. These advantages are especially desirable in the small units, as Tig. 5 Diagrammatic sketch of high-voltage leads pro- jected into one plane showing improved way of bringing out the leads and electrically con- necting the coils. This exclusive feature of GE Transformers means greatly increased pro- tection against high volt- ages breaking through to the low-voltage cir- cuit. This arrangement gives maximum distance between high-voltage leads and low-voltage winding and also inter- poses the impedance of one-half the high-volt- age winding toa voltage disturbance entering from the high-voltage line. here the clearances required by economical design are smallest. The coils of the three-part distributed core transformers are wound on the core. usually wound directly over the core insulation. Fig. 3A Coil Structures One-half of the low-voltage coils are The high- Ba) Low vorcage oi Oucts towvoxage nign.olage Lowvoltage NighVoltege voltage coils and outer low-voltage coils are in turn wound over the inher low-voltage coils, with an insulating pad between all coils (Fig. 5). The windings are provided with suitable oil ducts for uniform cooling—the number and location of the ducts varying with the size of the transformer. The coils of the four-part distributed-core transformers may be either core-wound or form-wound, depending upon the size and voltage of the transformer. Those wound on the core are wound in the same manner as those of the three-part distributed core transformers described. Form-wound coils are described in succeeding paragraphs. In the interleaved-disk type of winding (Fig. 3A) both high- High Voltage Winding Low. Voltage Winding Fig. 3B Coil Structures and low-voltage coils are wound in the form of disks assembled with the high-voltage and low-voltage coils interleaved. These coils are wound on a form and assembled over a cylinder of “573 compound,” this cylinder furnishing the foundation for the winding. This is later assembled over the core and also serves as an insulation between the windings and the core. The coils are separated from each other by means of specially treated fiber spaces, furnishing generous oil ducts between coils for cooling purposes. Between high- and low-voltage windings and where required between coils of either winding, one or more fiber collars are inserted, with oil ducts between. In the disk-cylinder type of winding (Fig. 3B) the low- voltage coils are cylindrical in shape and are wound on a cylin- der of “573 compound.” The high-voltage coils are disk coils assembled over another cylinder of the same material, which is in turn assembled over the low-voltage winding with an oil duct between the low-voltage winding and the outer cylinder. In the cylindrical construction both high- and low-voltage coils are cylinders wound on forms and assembled concentrically, with generous oil ducts between coils. On the coils of all GE Distribution Transformers where experience has shown the necessity of extra insulating the end turns, this insulation is applied in the form of extra insulation on the conductor, with the addition in some cases of extra layer insulation. CORES The two-part distributed cores are assembled from straight laminations so that the center leg is of cruciform section and the two outer legs of rectangular section. The end laminations are inserted after the windings have been assembled. These cores are strongly clamped by means of structural steel parts which are also utilized in securing the core and coils in the tank. The three- and four-part cores are built up using “‘L” shaped laminations assembled in such a manner as to secure a compara- tively large center section, with magnetic circuits radiating at Be ais leNe Gate ie Le AING Daisy Ves CZOUMEL CAR NT, Core and Coils of Type H Single-Phase, 60-Cycle, 2300-Volt Transformer, Using Three-Part Dis- tributed Core Core and Coils of Type H Single- Phase, 60-Cyele, 2300-Volt Trans- former Using Four-Part Distributed Core 120 degrees or 90 degrees, respectively. These laminations are interlocked in the center section. The use of “L” shaped punchings materially improves the designs by reducing the number of joints in the magnetic circuit to two, and thus materially lowers the exciting current. The three-part core is so assembled that a nine-sided center leg is produced which gives practically a circular form on which the coils are wound. In the four-part core a center leg having four sides with well- rounded corners is secured so that the winding makes no sharp bends, either nearly circular depending on the details of design of the core. The outer lamina- tions closing the magnetic circuits are assembled after the winding operation is completed. The three-part core is clamped by means of metal plates at either end of the core, these plates being held together by a bolt passing through the center of the core. In the four-part core, metal straps around the outer legs serve to hold these clamping plates together. and is circular or in form These clamping plates in addition serve as a means of clamping the core and coils in the tank. DRYING AND FILLING The windings of GE Distribution Transformers are care- fully dried under vacuum, and filled under pressure with an insulating compound. This process not only removes all Type H Subway Transformer in Cast-Iron Tank Large High-Voltage Type H, orm L, Transformer moisture from the insulation and seals the windings against the en- trance of moisture, but also makes the winding a solid mass, thus giving it greater mechanical strength and In the wound transformers this treatment heat conductivity. core- is applied to the complete unit, consisting of core and coils. In the form-wound transformers the com- plete winding is treated as a unit before assembly on the core. TANKS Tanks for GE Distribution Transform- ers are all of strong weatherproof construc- tion. The smaller units are assembled in smooth cast-iron tanks. As the size of the Large High Voltage Type H Dis- tributed Core Transformer in Corrugated Steel Tank transformer increases more radiating sur- face is required, This increase in radiating surface is obtained by means of corruga- tions in the sides of the tanks. In the large: sizes of distribution transformers, the tanks are made up of corrugated sheet steel sides, cast-welded into the cast-iron base and top rim. These tanks are all provided with cast- iron covers having overhanging lips and with a gasket between the tank and cover preventing the entrance of dust and moist- ure. Sizes which are suitable for pole- mounting are provided with lugs for attach- ing hanging hooks. All tanks are provided with lugs for lifting the complete trans- former. Transformers having voltages below 19.250 volts have the leads brought through bushings located in the overhang- ing pockets. The leads for transformers of higher voltages than this are brought out through non-puncture bushings located in The joint between the bushing and cover is made the cover of the transformer. Large Tope Bl Diateouted Core Transformer in Corru- ; : gated Steel Tank weatherproof by means of suitable gaskets. : Type H Subway Transformer in Corrugated Steel Tank Calm Ne lohan laws vt AS ONE CVArT: Avis. O°G 71 Three-Phase Transformers The insulation, drying and filling process, tanks and bush- ings are in general the same for three-phase transformers as for single-phase transformers. WINDINGS Windings for three-phase distribution transformers follow the same general practice as for single-phase. CORES The cores of the three-phase transformers are made up of laminations assembled to give three vertical legs, one phase winding being assembled on each vertical leg. The cross- cle ds a che he os aoe WY) Rey eon i¢ ‘ i Core and Coils of Type HT Transformer section of these legs is rectangular for the lower voltages and cru- ciform for the higher voltages. The core is clamped by struct- ural steel parts which, in addition to serving as core clamps, serve as a means of fastening the core and coils in the tank. Type HT Transformer in Corrugated Steel Tank Oils The registered trade name TRANSIL when applied to transformer oil sold by the General Electric Company indicates that such oil has characteristics that make it suitable for use in transformers manufactured by the Company and for which it is recommended. It further indicates that the high quality is uniformly maintained as verified by means of periodic tests on samples of oil as shipped. Because of this fact, and as the quality of oil used in transformers has such a direct influence on the life and success- ful operation of same, it is obviously impossible for the General Electric Company to recommend any oil other than TRANSIL for use with transformers manufactured by them. Auxiliaries SUSPENSION HOOKS All transformers suitable for pole-suspension are provided with suspension hooks which may be attached to the transform- er by means of bolts engaging lugs cast in the transformer tank. CUTOUTS AND FUSES GE Distribution Transformers should suitable cutouts. be protected by The type of cutout is determined by the voltage of the circuit and the amount of current to be inter- rupted. The General Electric Company manufactures two types of cutouts for transformers of distribution sizes and voltages. These are: the plug type and expulsion type. Plug Cutout Cat. No. 104227 Expulsion Type Cutout for Voltages above 6600 Expulsion Type Cut- out for 6600 Volts EXPULSION TYPE The expulsion type cutout is suitable for installation on the cross-arm and is used for voltages and currents higher than those for which the plug type cutout is suitable. One type of expulsion cutout consists of a box of treated ash with hinged door and a tubular fuse holder which is supported on a por- celain fastened to the door, making connection with the line through springs when the door is closed. Upon opening the door the fuse holder is automatically disconnected from the circuit. A card holder is provided on the bottom of the box just beneath the gas outlet of the fuse holder. When the fuse blows, the expulsion of the gas either punctures the card or forces it out of the holder, thus indicating a blown fuse. This indication may be seen from the ground, making it unnecessary for linemen or inspectors to climb the pole to determine if the fuse is blown. These cutouts are suitable for use on circuits of 6600 volts and below, 100 amperes and less. A modification of this cutout is made for circuits of 15,000 to 45,000 volts and currents up to 50 amperes. Although no covering is provided with this cutout it is suitable for outdoor installation. Details and prices furnished by Pettingell-Andrews Company. 72 PB PT NG EGG | AGN DORE Wiese CeO a iB ae Ne WATTHOUR METERS Thomson Direct Current Watthour Meters Direct Current Astatic Watthour Meters Types C-6 and C-7 Front-Connected Type CS-3 Front-Connected Metal Cover Dull Black Finish Dull Black Finish HESE meters are made for direct current cir- The Type CS-3 is an astatic watthour meter for direct cuits. They have extremely high torque, light current service and is especially designed by an astatic weight moving element, small commutator arrangement of the armature and field coils for operation gravity control brushes and adjustable shunt with accuracy in the presence of stray fields. They can field coil. They can be furnished with pressed glass covers be furnished back connected; prices on application. — and for back connection, prices on application. TYPE GC-6, 100 to 105, 106 to 110, TYPE GC-6, 200 to 210, 211 to 220, 111 to 115, 116 to 120 VOLTS, 221 to 230, 231 to 240 VOLTS, met . 5 TWO-WIRE TWO-WIRE 100 to 105, 106 to 110, 111 to 200 to 210, 211 to 220, 221 to 230, 115, 116 to 120 VOLTS 231 to 240 VOLTS = ——— —— ——— == ——————— TWO-WIRE TWO-WIRB Cat. No. | Amps. | Cat. No. | Amps. | ee ee ——————— —— ——— _— =| Cat. Cat. | H. P. | | No. Amps. No. | Rating Amps. s7594 5 | 37614 | 5 14% cig Abe 37595 | 10 | 37615 10 2 | 37596 | 15 | 37616 | 15 3% 195737 | 15 | 195748 4 15 37597 25 37617 25 7 195738 Q5 | | 195749 Vi 25 | 195739 50 195750 | 15 50 37598 50 37618 | 50 15 195740 5 195751 20 5 37599 | 75 | 37619 75 20 | 37600 100 37620 100 | 25 195741 | 100 | 195752 | 25 100 37601 150 | 37621 150 40 195742 150 | 195753 40 | 150 | | 195743 200 \| 195754 50 200 37602 | 300 || 37622 300 | 80 195744 | 300 \} 195755 | 80 300 37603 | 600 37623 600 160 | | ati 195745 400 195756 | 100 400 : j —_ 9 7 195746 600 195757 | 160 600 TYPE C-6, 200 to 210, 211 to 220, TYPE C-7, 500 to 550, 551 to 600 ae a Bae PDs at lle ies a F al 221 to 230, 231 to 240 VOLTS VOLTS, TWO-WIRE THREE-WIRE 200 to 210, 211 to 220, 221 to 230, 500 to 550, 551 to 600 VOLTS — ee ———————— ——————————— 231 to 240 VOLTS : ] l LP THREE-WIRE TWO-WIRE Cat. No. Amps. Cat. No. Amps. Rane ah. ze ew Sees se ee = 4 - —— = oe 7 7 . ay Cat. No. | Amps. \ Cat. No. | H. P. Rating Amps. 37604 5 37625 10 5 i 2 | | 37605 10 37626 15 7% 195759 | 15 196300 10 15 37606 15 We pate! 25 15 195760 | 25 196301 | 15 25 ee Be . ee 2 : 195761 50 196302 | 30 | 50 37607 25 | 37628 50 30 195762 | 15 196303 50 15 37608 50 | 37629 15 50 | | 37609 75 37630 100 60 195763 100 | 1963804 | 60 100 STOO sisi 100 37631 150 100 195764 | 150 196305 100 150 195765 | 200 196306 | 125 | 200 37611 150 37632 300 200 195766 | 300 | 196307 200 300 37612 300 37633 600 400 | | a Sa wae = see et 195767 400 | 196308 250 | 400 : ie A ; 196309 | 400 600 Note—Always state normal operating voltage of circuit when ordering. | Approximate shipping weight, all voltages 5 to 50 amp. inclusive, 1 in a box, 26 lb., —______— . $$ — 2 in a box, 55 lb.; 75 amp. 1 in a box, 35 lb.; 2 in a box, 69 Ib.; 100 to 600 amp., ; ae 3 1 in a box, 48 lb. Note—Always state normal operating voltage of circuit when ordering. For further information ask Pettingell-Andrews Company for bulletin on this subject. Approximate shipping weight all capacities and voltages, 60 lb. CoRENGICRVAT lee Seas OPN CAST AUT OG 73 Single-Phase Watthour Meters Type I-14 (For House Service) Front-Connected, Metal or Glass Cover Dull Black Finish This meter is a distinct advance in the art of design- ing and manufacturing watthour meters operating on the induction principle. It is of pleasing appearance and simple construction and fills the need for a meter of low initial cost and small expense of maintenance and testing. 110 VOLTS 25-30 Cycles 40-133 Cycles Amps. a 7 gt = : a Cat. No. Cat. No. 5 152860 151942 10 152861 151943 15 152862 151944 Q5 | 152863 151945 50 152864 151946 75 152865 151947 100 152866 151948 150 152867 151949 200 152868 151950 300 152869 151951 220 VOLTS, 2-WIRE 25-30 Cycles 40-133 Cycles Amps. : - == | Cat. No. Cat. No. 5 152870 151952 10 152871 151953 15 | 152872 151954 Q5 152873 151955 50 152874 151956 75 152875 151957 100 152876 151958 150 152877 151959 200 | 152878 151960 300 | 152879 151961 220 VOLTS, 3-WIRE 25-30 Cycles 40-133 Cycles Amps. ae — Cat. No. Cat. No. | 5 152880 151962 10 152881 151963 15 | 152882 151964 25 | 152883 151965 50 | 152884 | 151966 75 152885 | 151967 100 | 152886 151968 150 | 152887 151969 Meters listed above are self-contained, that is, require no instrument transformers. When the currents to be metered exceed 300 amperes, 2-wire, and 150 amperes, 3-wire, current transformers are necessary, or when the voltage of the circuit is more than 600 volts, both current and potential transformers are required. In such cases meters for use on the secondary of transformers should be ordered, designating the meters by catalogue numbers and ratings as given below. Meters for Use with Instrument Transformers 2-WIRE Cat. No \ Amperes Volts Cycles | 188640 5 110 25-30 188641 5 110 40-133 188642 255 220 | 25-30 188643 5 220 | 40-133 3-WIRE (FOR USE WITH DOUBLE PRIMARY AND SINGLE SECONDARY CURRENT TRANSFORMERS, 800 AMPERES AND BELOW) Cycles Cat. No. Amperes | Volts 188642 | 5 | 220 25-30 188643 5 220 40-133 3-WIRE (FOR USE WITH TWO CURRENT TRANSFORMERS, WHERE CAPACITY EXCEEDS 800 AMPERES) Volts | Cat. No. | Amperes Cycles 188644 | 5 220 | 25-30 188645 5 220 40-133 For 3-wire transformer rated circuits 800 amperes and below, the 2-wire meter, Cat. No. 188642 or 188643 is used with a double primary and single secondary 5-ampere wind- ing current transformer. For circuits above 800 amperes, the 3-wire meter, Cat. No. 188644 or 188645 is used with two single primary transformers. These catalogue numbers cover the meter only and do not include transformers which should be ordered in addition giving complete rating. Unless otherwise specified meters when ordered with transformers will be calibrated and furnished with suitable register to read directly the primary energy. These meters may be used on circuits the voltage of which is not more than 10 per cent. above or below the rated voltage of the meter. When ordering meters for voltages outside of these limits the normal operating voltage must be specified. Approximate shipping weight, all voltages, metal cove 1 in a box, 15 lb.; 2 in a box, 27 lb.; 4 in a box, 44 lb.; amperes, 1 in a box, 17 lb.; 2 in a box, 30 lb.; 4 in a box, 1 in a box, 32 lb.; 2 in a box, 65 lb. ;4in a box, 95 Ibu 35 lb.; 2 in a box, 67 Jb. These meters may be used on circuits the voltage of whic h is not more than 10 per cent. above or below the rated voltage of the meter. When ordering meters for voltages outside of these limits specify the normal operating voltage. rs, 5 to 25 amperes inclusive, in a box, 84 lb.; 50 and 75 55 lb.; 100 and 150 amperes, 200 and 300 amperes 2-wire, 1 in a box, Note. — Orders cannot be filled unless voltage given above or the operating voltage is given; also specify frequency of circuit. 74 PE eRe IN Gees ASN DERE ESV =S ClO sin ZAWNSY: Polyphase Watthour Meters Type D-6 (For House Service) Front-Connected, Metal or Glass Cover, Dull Black Finish 25-133 Cycles This meter is designed for the specific purpose of measuring the energy of a polyphase circuit, the meter- ing of which involves the use of two or more single- phase or their equivalent. This — so-called polyphase meter is a combination of single-phase meters in one case, acting on one moving element and recording on a single dial. The electrical element is similar to that of the I-14 meter having identical electrical character- istics but adapted for measuring the energy delivered through any of the following circuits: 38-wire, 3-phase; 3-wire, 2-phase; 4-wire, 2-phase; 4-wire, 3-phase. meters 440 VOLTS 110 VOLTS Car. No. | Motor = ae = is F Kw. } ne Pp: 2 Ww; Ree Sapacity ating ie! 4-Wire EM OSISS Non-Ind. | 2- and 3- 3-Wire | DePhase Loads | Phase 2-Phase | | | | | 172255 172307 5 1 1 172256 172308 10 g Q 172257 172309 15 3 33 172258 | 172310 25 5 5 172259 172311 | 50 10 10 172260 172812 | 75 15 15 172261 172313 | 100 20 | 20 172262 172314 | 150 30 30 | | 220 VOLTS Cat. No. Motor 7 - Kw. a P “Wire A , | Japacity ating Riles MeWine mvaperes | Non-Ind. 2- and 3- 3-Wire 2-Phase | Loads Phase 2-Phase 172268 172315 5 2 2 172269 172316 10 4 | 4 172270 172317 15 | 6 6 172271 172318 25 | 10 10 172272 172319 50 20 20 172273 172320 GS: 30 30 172274 172321 100 40 40 172275 172322 150 60 60 Cat. No. Motor 7 — “= Kw. HP. oie nan Amperes eee Boeke) z 3-Phase, 4 3-Wire 2 Phase eeuk ass 2-Phase 172281 172323 5 4 4 172282 172324 10 8 8 172283 172325 15 12 12 172284 172326 Q5 20 20 172285 172327 50 40 40 172286 172328 75 60 60 172287 172329 100 80 80 172288 172330 150 120 120 550 VOLTS Cat. No | | Motor <= S| | Kw. H.P. 3.Wire swine | Aimmeres | SemAeny |] Rats 3- se, 4-Wire > 3-Wire 2-Phase | ieoads Ehase 2-Phase | : 172294 172331 5 5 5 172295 172332 10 10 10 172296 172333 | 15 15 15 172297 172334 | 25 25 25 172298 172335 50 50 50 172299 172336 «oe 75 75 172300 172337 100 100 100 172301 172338 150 150 150 220 A 127 Y VOLTS, FOUR-WIRE, THREE-PHASE re Pa ie Motor Cat. No. : Capacity H.P. Seats: ‘4Wire > aera es Nona Bey 3-Phase Leads Phase 172625 5 2 2 172626 10 4 4 172627 15 | 6 6 | 172628 25 10 10 172629 50 20 20 172630 75 30 30 440 A 254 Y VOLTS, FOUR-WIRE, THREE-PHASE Cat. No. Motor 2 Se es Kw. HEP. Capacity Rating Amperes Non-Ind. 2- and 3- 4-Wire Loads Phase 8-Phase 172631 5 4 4 172632 10 8 8 172633 15 12 12 172634 25 20 20 172635 50 40 40 172636 75 60 60 Meters listed above are self-contained, that is, require no instrument transformers When the currents to be metered exceed 150 amperes, 3-wire, 3-phase; 3-wire, 2-phase; 4-wire, 2-phase; and 75 amperes, .4-wire, 3-phase; current transformers are necessary; or when the voltage is more than 600 volts, 3-wire, 3-phase; 3-wire, 2-phase; 4-wire, 2-phase; or more than 600 /\ volts, 4-wire, 3-phase, both current and potential transformers are required. Insuch cases, meters for use on the secondary of transformers should be ordered, designating the meters by catalogue numbers and ratings as given on the following page. Watthour Meters of Switchboard Types. Information and prices furnished by Pettingell-Andrews Company on application. Calta NeiGhrAg 2S TeASI TONGA TA LO G 7: t Polyphase Watthour Meters (Concluded ) Type D-6 (For House Service) For Use with Instrument Transformers Front-Connected, Metal or Glass Cover, Dull Black Finish 25-133 Cycles FOR THREE-PHASE THREE-WIRE, TWO-PHASE THREE- AND FOUR- “WIRE CIRCUITS Cat. No | Amperes | Volts Cat. No. | Amperes | Volts 188633 5 110 188635 5 440 188634 5 220 188636 5 550 jaa june: janes rae Wire chistes FOR USE WITH THREE CURRENT AND TWO POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS Only FOR USE WITH THREE CURRENT TRANSFORMERS ONLY 1 ; : Cat. No. Amperes | Volts | Cat. No. | Amperes | Volts 188637 5 190 / | 188638 | 5 220 A 127 Y |) | LOY 188639 | 5 440 A 254 Y The catalogue numbers cover the meter only and do not include transformers which should be ordered in addition giving complete rating. Unless otherwise specified, meters when ordered with transformers will be calibrated and furnished with suitable register to read directly the primary energy. These meters may be used on circuits the voltage of which is not more than 10 per cent above or below the rated voltage of the meter. When adoring: meters for voltages outside of these limits the normal operating voltage must be specified or cmate shipping weight all voltages, 5 to 25 amperes, 1 in a box, 34 lb.; 2 in a box, 60 lb.; 50 and 75 amperes, 1 in a box, 45 lb.; 2 in a box, 85 lb.; 100 and 150 amperes, 1 in a box, 49 lb.; 2 in a box, 90 lb. Always ste ate, nature and frequency of circuit and if for 4-wire, 3-phase, give both “Delta” and “Y” voltages. To Central Stations The Automobile Division of the Pet- tingell-Andrews Company has special inducements to offer you on EVEREADY STORAGE BATTERIES YALE BULLDOG CORD AND FABRIC TIRES GE TUNGAR RECTIFIERS (For Battery Charging) Ask about the Special Offer TEST METERS HE question of periodical meter testing is of vital importance to every central station or isolated plant, since the revenue received depends upon the accuracy of the meters used. The use of the portable testing meter is recognized as the best and most efficient way of testing service meters. The time and labor saving features which result in increased efficiency are obvious. Moreover, the use of the portable test meter results in greater accuracy, as errors due to fluctuating voltage, load, personal errors, etc., are eliminated. The test meter combines in one standard several capacities covering a range from light load to full load, making possible rapid testing, since no time is lost in changing standards. In using the test meter constant load is unnecessary, since the only observa- tions required are the number of disk revolutions of the meter undergoing test, and the pointer indications of the meter before and after test. Personal errors of observation are practically eliminated. Type CB-5 Test Meter Type IB5 Test Meter ‘Type CB-5 (For Direct Current ) Cat. No. Amperes Volts | a aA = ————— _—— Pe 156643 1/2/10/20/40 100-120 48 ee Me lapy eee { 100-120 | ov 156644 1/2/10/20/40 eran 48 60646 5/10/50/100 100-120 50 60647 5/10/50/100 ) LOO= 120 50 ) 200-240 § IB. 5 (Kor Alternating Current) Cat. No. Amperes Volts Cycles Ship. Wt. | s in Lb. 152996 1 and 10 100-120 Q5—125 20 152997 Land 10 j 100-120} 25-125 20 7 200-240 5 in Type IB-6 (For Alternating Current) Cat. No. Amperes Volts Cycles Ship. Wt. | in Lb. 174925 | 1/5/10/50/100 100-120 25-125 Q4 : § 100-120 / Sy FIDE ' 174926 1/9107 50/100 | ) 200- 240 0s 25-125 24 Note. — Orders aan give the Se RaTT ae voltage, and if for Alternating eure ine frequency of the circuit. =f o>) Poh Ne Ge ele ee eN De tey)\ as CeO sMSraAaN | Y. STATIONARY MOTORS For Alternating and Direct Current Circuits Selection of Motors N the following pages, space available permits only the listing of those stationary belted AC and DC motors in most common demand for general purpose uses. The standard types shown will meet the larger part of power requirements for industrial and miscella- neous motor drives. By means of slight mechanical or Type KT Riveted Frame Constant Speed Induction Motor electrical modifications, standard GE motors can be adapted to a large variety of machines. When either standard or special drives are involved our customers may count on satisfactory stock and service facilities backed by the designing, engineering and manufacturing resources of the General Electric Company. Since to secure the best results for motor drives the proper selection of starting and control accessories 1s indispensable, customers are urged to take advantage of our contact with the highly specialized GE Industrial Control Department in connection with the simpler as well as the more complex applica- tions requiring the correct combination of motor and accessory devices. In placing motor orders, the following information should be given: Type of Motor required. HP—speed and voltage (if motor is to be used on alternating circuit, also state frequency and whether for single-, two- or three-phase circuits). If service is direct current, state winding, i. e., shunt, series or compound. If motors are to be operated in situations exposed to excessive dampness, heat, acid fumes, etc., state con- ditions so that special provision may be made for proper motor enclosure. State accessories; (e.g. standard starting rheostat,) if provision should be made for long-distance or auto- matic control, push button start and stop, ete. Two- and Three- Phase Constant Speed Induction Motors Further data and prices on application covering other 60 cycle ratings and speeds as well as_ infor- mation on complete lines of 25, 40 and 50 cycle motors. 60 CYCLES —TYPES * Type KT Form B Skeleton Frame Constant Speed Induction Motor KT” AND KQ” SPEED H.P. | _R.P.M. \ 1200 34 1200 34 1800 1 1200 1 | -1800 1% | 1200 1% | 1800 | 2 1200 | 2 | 1800 | 3 1200 3 1800 5 1200 5 1800 7.5 1200 7.5 1800 10 900 10 | 1200 10 1800 15 | 1800 15 1200 15 900 20 1800 20 1200 20 900 25 | 1200 25 | 900 30 | 1200 | 30 | 900 | 40 1200 40 900 50 1200 50 900 600 FP-10—Oil Circuit Breaker with Con- duit Connection to Induction Motor VOLTS 110—-220—44.0—550 110-220—44.0—550 110-220—-440—550 110-220-44.0-550 110-220-440—550 110-220-44.0-550 110-220-440—550 110-220-440-550 110-220-440—550 110-220-44.0-550 110-220-44.0—550 110-220-44.0-550 110-220—44.0-550 220-440-550, 220-440-550 220-440-550 220-440-550 220-440-550 220-440-550 220-440-550 220-440-550 220-440-550 220440550 220-440-550, 220-440-550 -2200 22() 440-550-2200 220-440-550-2200 220)-440-550—-2200 202-44.0—-550—-2200 220 -440-550-2200 2204405502200 220-440-550-2200 220 440-550-2200 CR-1038—Switch with Conduit Connec- tion to Induction Motor OaHeNe eRe aAels S orAt Te eORN: ECTAY TACO G (ig Repulsion Induction Single-Phase Motors EypeseRl The Type “RI” Repulsion Induction Motor is designed for either constant or varying speed. “‘RI” motors will start and accelerate loads having 24% times full load torque. In starting direct from the line, Type “RI’’ motors take current approximately in proportion to torque. If desired to reduce current values during acceleration, Type CR-1025 rheostats should be ordered. Standard motors may be operated on either 110 or 220 volt CR- 1025 starters reduce the current at starting and are especially recommended for sizes 7144 HP and larger. circuits, by simply interchanging the lead connections. Type RI 4% H. P. Open Motor Standard double-pole, single-throw CR-1038 safety enclosed switch with two protective plugs provides overload but not under-voltage protection. ; Standard double-pole, single-throw CR-1035, FP-10 oil circuit breaker with overload trips provides overload and under-voltage protection. Type LM switch and CR-1025 resistance starter provides both overload and under-voltage protection. TYPE RI MOTORS—60 CYCLES 110 OR 220 VOLTS CONSTANT SPEED HP Speed RPM yy 1800 YY 1200 \% 1800 VV 1200 34 1800 34 1200 1800 1200 1800 1200 1800 1200 1800 1200 1800 1200 1800 1200 1800 CR-1038 Switch Conduit Connected to RI Motor Type LM Switch and CR-1025 Resistance Starter with RI Motor. Commutating Pole Direct Current Motors Type Soh Ge Ratings and brief data on the new line of General Electric Commutating Pole, Direct Current Motors are given herewith. These motors are superior to machines of non-commutating pole design in operating characteristics, freedom from sparking, and, in general, as possessing a higher degree of all-day service efficiency. Iron sliding bases and starting rheostats are included with standard belted motors. Semi-enclosing or solid enclosing covers may be furnished on special order. The use of enclosing covers increases the temperature rise of motors to which they are applied and therefore modifies the open ratings. Belt tightener attachments, consisting of cast iron ring adjustable idler on pulley end, may be furnished on order. Type RC Open Motor Type RC Semi-Enclosed Motor TYPE “RC” MOTORS OPEN AND SELF-VENTILATED RATINGS STANDARD SHUNT OR COMPOUND WINDINGS | Speed (RPM) Frame | Horse- — —__—— No. power 115 & 230 v. 550 v. 214 | % 1800 2000 21B 34 1700 2000 22 | 1 1700 2000 23B 1 1150 | 1300 Type RC Motor with CR- 1000 Rheostat and Enclos- Type LM—4 Enclosed é ing Cover Lever Switch TYPE “RC” RATINGS (Continued) Speed (RPM) Frame Horse- —. — No. power 115 & 230 v. | 550 v. 23B | 1% 1700 2000 Q4 | Q 1700 2000 25 | Q 1150 1300 25 3 1700 | 1900 26A 3 1100 1300 26A 5 1700 1900 Q7TA 5 1150 1300 Q7A 714 1700 1800 27B 1% 1150 1300 27B 10 1700 1800 Q9A 7% 850 900 29A 10 1150 1250 Q9A 15 1700 1800 78 PoE Te TeUNGG bs APNE ROE Wes COs vige eae TYPE RC RATINGS (Continued from page 77) Frame | Horse, = 2 —- pnccd (EM = No. Power 115 & 230 v. 550 V 29 | 10 850 900 29 | 15 1150 1250 30 15 850 900 30 | 20 1150 1250 31B 20 800 875 31 25 1150 1250 32 25 800 925 31B | 30 1150 1250 33 | 30 775 900 32 40 1100 1250 34 40 750 875 33 50 1075 1225 35 | 50 700 825 The temperature rise of Open, Semi-enclosed and Enclosed Self-ventilated Type “RC” motors, operating at full load and rated voltage will not exceed 50 deg. C. on any part except the commutator, which will not exceed 65 deg. C. For 115 volt operation, semi-enclosed and all enclosed non-ventilated ratings are slightly reduced in horse-power output (compared to open ratings). When such motors are required, application should be made to the General Electric Co. All Type “RC” motors are capable of 50% momentary overload. Industrial Control for Stationary Motors Space prevents listing but a limited assortment of GE Industrial Control Accessories for stationary motors. Cus- tomers should, in any case of doubt regarding proper selection, refer inquiry to the GE Industrial Control Department. We are ready at all times to assist in such inquiries. Control for AC Motor Circuits CR-1038 Starting Switch (For throwing small AC motors directly on the line) Involves excellent safety features, e.g., pulling owt the handle closes the switch, therefore accidental closing by push- ing or leaning on the handle is impossible. For single-phase motors, 60 cycle, 110 volt, 144 HP and below; 220 volt, 3 HP and below. For two- or three-phase motors, 110/220 /440/550 volt, 60, 40 and 25 cycle, 1/4 to 5 HP. The CR-1038 switch consists of a triple or four pole (for single-phase motors connections to the middle switch blades are omitted) single throw, quick make and break switch, and two special receptacles for the protective plugs. The switch is mounted upon a base and totally enclosed in a sheet steel case with operating handle projecting through the front. Switch is arranged for conduit wiring. Padlock can be provided to lock switch in open position. Small—Compact— Inexpensive—Substan- tial. Breakers may be provided with padlock for locking in open posi- tion. No exposed live parts. Type FP-10 oil circuit breakers are triple or four pole (for single-phase motors use triple pole breaker, leaving middle pole disconnected) single Type FP-10 Circuit Breaker For starting single or polyphase induction motors (Single-phase motors 110 volt, 3 HP and smaller; 220 volt, 5 HP and smaller; polyphase motors 25 HP and under.) throw, non-automatic; triple or four pole single throw automatic, with double series inverse time limit overload trip; triple pole, single throw plain under voltage circuit breakers; and under voltage with provision for protective plugs. New Type CR-1034 compensators are designed for use in connection with induction motors 5 HP and above. This compensator is an advanced development of the CR-1034 Forms H and J, which have been in successful operation many years. The principal refine- ments in the new CR-1034 are pressed steel covers in place of “ast iron covers (a desirable feature especially for wall mounting), overload relays and no voltage-release; enclosed inside compensator case; emer- CR-1034 Compensator with Conduit Connection to Induction Motor gency stop button on the outside of compensator case. Industrial Control for DC Motor Circuits Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Type CR-1000 Hand-Operated Starting Rheostats For DC motors, 4 to 150 HP—all commercial voltages Type CR-4015 Starter with Conduit Box Automatic Starter for DC motors—115 volts. 3 H.P. and smaller for 230 volts, 5 H.P., and smaller Type CR-3100 Controller—cover removed. Typical Drum Controller for frequent starting duty, 5 to 75 H.P., 230 volts OeteNMieh Ate to LA Li OoNat GAT AL O-G 79 FRACTIONAL HORSE-POWER MOTORS These small power motors combine at once a compact, attractive and sturdy mechanical design with high electrical efficiency. Both AC and DC types are readily adaptable for belted, geared or direct connection to the driven machine. TYPE SA MOTORS Type SA single-phase in- duction motors differ from the conventional design of induction motors in that the squirrel cage or second- ary is made the stationary member and the rotor the primary element. This type of design together with the skeleton frame design used in Type SA motors offer many advantages such as minimum weight for maximum capacity, better ventilation, hence lower operating temperatures, smaller physical dimensions and greater accessibility for inspec- Type SA, 325 Frame, 1/20 H. P., 1725 R. P. M., 60 Cycle Wick-Oiled Bearing Motor tion. Type SA motors are made in sizes 1-12 HP to 14 HP inclu- sive, and are being successfully used for a very large number of motor applications requiring a motor of constant speed and a starting and maximum torque not in excess of 200% of normal full load torque. CONSTRUCTION The stator or squirrel cage is made up of a number of thin laminations of electrical sheet steel firmly riveted together between heavy copper end rings. The copper rivets used for riveting the laminations together form the electrical circuits of the secondary. The rotor or primary element is made of thin laminations pressed directly on to the shaft under hydraulic pressure— the winding is machine wound directly into the slots, and held firmly in place with slot wedges. The whole element is thor- oughly dipped into insulating compound and carefully baked Type SA, 147 Frame, 44 H. P., 1725 R. P. M., 60 Cycle Wick-Oiled Bearing Motor to insure thorough insulation. The shafts are made of the best quality of steel and are carefully ground to accurate size. The cast iron end flanges carrying the bearings are carefully finished and accurately machined to insure perfect alignment of the bearings and uniform air gap. The bearings are made of the highest grade phosphor bronze bearing metal and are of the straight sleeve type pressed into the bearing housings. Bearings are carefully aligned by reaming in place, thus securing perfect bearing fits. Metal caps and rings fitted tightly in the bearing housings make the bearings practically dust-proof. Proper lubrication is secured by means of wick-fed grease cups on all frames. he cups are filled at the factory before shipment. In refilling grease cups use Keystone grease No. 4 or a good grade of unmedicated vaseline. The rotor carrying the primary winding is connected to the line circuit through two binding posts carrying brushes which bear on a collector ring or disk. On the back of the collector ring is mounted the automatic centrifugal switch which opens the circuit to the starting winding when the motor is nearly up to speed. All Type SA motors are carefully tested and inspected before shipping and are guaranteed for one year against defects in material or labor. MECHANICAL INTERCHANGEABILITY A feature of advantage to the manufacturer of motor driven devices is the fact that the general dimensions of Type SA motors and the corresponding Type SD direct current motors are the same. his feature enables the manufacturer to fur- nish his machines with either AC or DC motors without extra machine work or fittings. TYPE SA, ALTERNATING CURRENT 60 CYCLES, SINGLE-PHASE | | Standard Pall Meas iodel Ship. | i Pulley S Full 2) Wt imensions Cat. TA eR Load 5 | ain | in In. No. 2 Speed S Lb. Diam Adap- of 5 RPM > Clutet (Ap- at ted to Pulley ze utch- | prox.) | Belt | Round 8 | Center Belt | | Diam. | 150 PER CENT. START (i. e., 50 PER CENT. OVERLOAD) Continuous Service 1800 R.P.M. Synchronous 1/20 | 1725 110 20005 20 14% 3 | 191204 || 325 1/20 | 1725 | 220 20006 20 14 36 | 191204 || 325 | | 1/12 | 1725 110 | 20007 Q4 |] 136 | Ye} 191213 |) 135 1/12 | 1725 220 20008 Q4 | 13¢ | Ye | 191213 || 135 1/8 1725 110 | 20009 26 1% | ly | 191215 || 137 1/8 | 1725 220 | 20010 26 1% | Ye | 191215 || 137 | | | | 1/4 1725 110 20011 36 *Q14 *114 | 204389 || 147 1/4 1725 220 20012 36 *Q14 | *1l4 | 204389 || 147 150 PER CENT. START (i. e., 50 PER CENT. OVERLOAD) Continuous Service 1200 R.P.M. Synchronous | | | 1/12 | 1140 | 110 | 20017 | 26 ! 1% Y% | 191215 || 137 1/12 | 1140 | 220 | 20018 | 26 | 1% \% | 191215 || 137 1/6 | 1140 | 110 | 20019 | 36 *216 | *114 | 904389 || 147 1/6 | 1140 | 220 | 20020 | 36 *Q1e | 147 *11; | 204389 | | 4 | *Pulley for Frame 147 has crowned face adapted for flat belt. Dimensions given for this frame are Pulley Diam. and Belt Width. Feet on 325 frame cast integral with frame. Feet on 135, 137 and 147 frames cast integral with end shields. Model No. does not include pulley. 80 PE TT EN G Bell ARN DIRGE Wes eceO neue Nes DIMENSIONS OF TYPE SA MOTORS Outline cuts are diagrammatic and do not show exact construction. Dimensions in Jnches S|InLb.| | Serie ful) at 3 | SI AA BA) GUN) Moy ney |) ay Se ask Wa | aS |e P |W = = ba | | 325 10144 (634 4% 41546 2% 34 [4 34) 5 | 358) 4 14/56] 1 V6 - .../2 34) 135| 14 (8346/5346) 5 alee Ye |4 1%) 5546) 3 6] 4 H4e\21611 Ye) 174) 31124 eraser | ¢ 537 |Q9” | ly,|93K / 5/,| 15 5K, z } 187) 1534 [8% 1534) 5 146/224 | 72 413461 5546) S15%61 4 Ve)P%6| 1 Le] 124] 92k 124 145) 1934 8% 6%6 6134/3144 | 4 |4 % 64) 3146 |5 Y4|o%6) 1 14] 144)\313%6)14 | | 147| 22 914 6°46 613% 344|%|4h 64 31% 5 MP4 14) 1y4\4 1% 149) Q7l6 934 6%6 6134| 314 i) ») 36 64 43% oD) mA %6| 1 Y| 14) 4 vA 1% ; *Dimension D is approximate. It will never exceed but may be 1/16 in. below that given. +Dimensions G and H are approximate. They may vary 1/64 in. above or below those oo Type RSA Motors Type RSA motors are constant speed high torque motors and are especially suited for such applications as pumps, com- pressors, coffee grinders and meat choppers, and other devices Type RSA Motor requiring very high starting and maximum torque with low starting current. They are built in sizes ranging from 1-12 HP to 34 HP inclusive. The RSA motor starts as a repulsion motor and at a pre- determined speed, a centrifugal device short circuits the com- mutator and the motor then runs as an induction motor with induction motor characteristics. The brushes are fixed, that is they are not lifted from the commutator but carry current only when the motor is starting. Construction The frames of all RSA motors are made of high grade cast iron and are made in one piece with the feet cast integrally. The end flanges carrying the bearings and oil reservoirs are held in place by four heavy through bolts. The primary core is made up of thin laminations of electrical sheet steel punchings securely riveted together and firmly fastened within the main casting. The primary winding is wound directly into the core slots by automatic winding ma- chines, The secondary or armature core is made of laminations pressed directly on to the shaft under great pressure to insure against displacement. The commutator is built up of hard drawn copper segments carefully insulated and is of the well- known axial type. Short Circuiting Mechanism This device is very simple and positive in action. A copper disk is pressed against the end of the commutator at a pre- determined speed, short circuiting it and causing the motor to run as an induction motor. The end flanges are very strong and rigid and are bolted to the main frame casting with four through bolts. Ring oil bearings are used on all sizes of RSA motors. Four leads are brought out from the motor frame and are arranged for interchanging for either 110 or 220 volt operation. RSA motors have a starting torque of 200-300% of full load torque with full line voltage and a maximum torque of 200% of full load. The starting current is approximately three times full load normal running current. RSA motors are fully guaranteed against defects in material and labor. TYPE RSA OIL RING BEARING 60 AND 25 CYCLES, SINGLE-PHASE | | Standard | 3 | Pulley a 3 | Ship. || Dimensions a eh a | : Wt. in In. Gate tal fs rs ge BE - he , : SS a aaa | oq Poll aaa HP 8 Gwe. iu Pee eerie: al (Ap- a ZS A Pulley ee Ze RA || FH = prox.) A = far) | & 3° a 3 a —Q eb Eat ~ TGONCY. GLE S| mae =e 1/12 1140) 20081 35 2 +% | % | 191215 | 39 | 56 1.3 435 i 1725 | 20077 35 Q ti | 4% | 191215 | 47 | 57 | 1 6 || 435 1/6 | 1140} 20082 | 45 Q24\1 5@ | 191678 | 46 | 53 | 2.3 || 445 Yy 1725 | 20078 | 45 Q4%)\1 54 | 191678 | 64 | 70 |1.9 445 1, 1140} 20083 70 3% | 2 SA AMe ee as eee 56 | 58 | 3.5 || 455 by 1725 | 20079 70 3% | 2 BRN cates 65 | 75 |3.5 || 455 i) 1140| 20084 | 90 3% | 2 al tw Grattan eis 60 | 63 | 4.2 || 465 34 1725 | 20080 90 3% | 2 BA Aliant toe 68 | 80 | 4.7 || 465 — a —— —— = = 5 = i 25. CxvCL Esa i | ; : | 1g 1425 | 20085 50 || 2 ti% | 4 | 191215 | 47 | 60 1.5 || 439 Yy 1425 | 20086 65 || 2144/1 54 | 191678 | 55 | 62 | 2. 4 || 449 % 1425 | 20087 70 || 3% | 2 34 |e ee | 64 | 68 | 3.9 || 459 34 1425 | 20088 110 3% | 2 34 | Wraaiee 65 | 72 |5.3 | 469 ~ *Model number does not include pulley. +This size has pulley adapted for 5/16-in. round belt, all other sizes have crowned face pulley adapted for flat belt. TYPE RSA MOTORS DIMENSIONS Outline cuts are diagrammatic and do not show exact construction. Dimensions in Inches Frame et | ; ; COW Ae ey) Coy Zo Nim Nloma) jaa |} A) Ae aya ae ae wy | a8 435 | 24 | 1024/5 14) 51%6| 3 Vy sll] 614) 4446, 51% 34 |144| 149] 44764)114 439 | 34 | 1264/5 74) 5146 3 14] 721K4| 614) 644] 514 |36|1)4| M49) 5 61124 445 | 33 |12 14| 63¢| G13 Y%| 54/6 34] 7 [5 36, 6 |24/124\Q) 5 Ye6)2 449 | 48 | 1414) 613{6) 62%49|3 146] 96) 72 7 |62%| 6 [14/114 | Hg 6G |2 455 | 51 | 14 3%6| 7346) 7299/4 34|7 | 734|6 546) 654 |24|114| 9G) 6 F)2 459 | 69 | 151949] 71346] 7240/4 34| 8234) 734| 71249) 654 24/114) 1349) 64264)2 465 | 72 |14 34| 815419 3/4 54| 34/8 14) 9 O}4) 7 |3a)2 llg| 6 36/2 469 | 95 |16 16] 813<61 9 3414 54] 34\9%ol 9 171241 7 3412 | eol7 Vele *Dimension D is approximate. I \ nay i +Dimensions G and H are approximate. They may vary 1/64 in. above or below those given CoheN@ieheA lee = SelwAsll} OrNt C ACT AL OG 81 Type RKT and RKQ Motors (Three-Phase and Two-Phase) RKT and RKQ polyphase motors have been designed to meet the demand for fractional HP motors for service on poly- phase circuits. They are built in sizes ranging from 1’ HP to VY HP inclusive, 25 cycles and 60 cycles. They closely resemble the RSA line in general appearance and external construction. Type RKT, Oil Ring Bearing Motor The main frame casting is made of cast iron and is machined to receive the stator core and end flanges carrying the bearings. The primary core is made up of a number of thin lamina- tions riveted together and securely fastened into the main frame casting. The primary winding is form wound and is placed into the core slots and firmly held in place by fiber slot wedges. The whole primary structure is dipped in insulating compound and thoroughly baked to insure perfect insulation. The rotor is of the squirrel cage type. Copper bars pass through the core slots and are securely riveted over at the ends, holding the short circuiting rings and laminations together firmly. The bearing brackets are held in place by four through bolts. In frame 335, one bearing bracket is cast integral with the main frame casting. The bearings are of the well-known oil ring type, except frame 335, which has wick oilers. Leads are brought out through suitable bushings in the main frame for connection to supply circuit. Lubrication On the frame 335, wick oilers are furnished and non-fluid grease should be used, while in the ring oil type only high cylinder oil should be used. Guarantees Type RKQ and RKT motors carry the standard guarantees given all G-E Fractional HP Motors of light duty type. The temperature rise will not exceed 40 degrees C. on all parts based on full load continuously. The motors will carry an overload of 25%, for one-half hour without serious injury. All temperatures are based on an ambient temperature of 40 degrees. Type RKQ, Oil Ring?Bearing Motor TYPE RKT, 3-PHASE AND TYPE RKQ, 2-PHASE 60 AND 25 CYCLE8 ey Pulley | | oe Dimensions | é Full +Model | .£ # in In. | Cat. No.|| 4 HP, | Load | volts No. 2s = ; of | 3 Speed Motor a ps Pulley | I RPM Only ao Dia. 3s | Bore sea | ees 60 CYCLES—1725 R.P.M. Y% | 1725 | 110 | 20089 | 2 || *1% | 4 | 1% | 191215 || 1335 YZ | 1725 | 220 | 20090 | 25 || *1% | *% | 1% | 191215 || 1335 yy | 1725 | 110 | 20091 | 35 Oe 14 16 | 204389 || 435 Ye | 1725 | 220 | 20092 | 35 24| 14% | % | 204389 || 435 Yq | 1725 | 440 | 20093 | 35 || 244] 14% | % | 204389 || 435 | | | 1 | 1725 | 110 | 20094 | 45 3144] 2 bye ane ete 445 V6 | 1725 | 220 | 20095 | 45 3144 | 2 Be I sae 445 lg | 1725 | 440 | 20096 | 45 || 3i¢| 2 aoa es 445 60 CYCLES—1140 R.P.M. 1/12 | 1140 | 110 | 20097 | 25 || *17%|*% | 1% | 191215 || $335 1/12 | 1140 | 220 20098 25 *114 *Yy My | 191215 || $335 1/6 | 1140 | 110 | 20099 | 35 2%! 1% | % | 204389 || 435 1/6 1140 | 220 20100 35 Qe 14 ey 204389 435 1/3 | 1140 | 110 | 20101 45 3144 | 2 OG Mdl ern he: 445 1/3 | 1140 | 220 | 20102 | 45 314 | 2 al eos 445 25 CYCLES—1425 R.P.M. Ye | 1425°| 110 | 20103 | 35 4) *17%%| *% | % | 191215 |) 435° Ve | 1425 | 220 | 20104. 35 ie || AV | 4 | 191215 435 | | | \Yw% | 1425 | 110 | 20105 | 50 || 24| 1344 | % | 204389 || 439 ly | 1425 | 220 | 20106 | 50 | a4) 1% 14 | 204389 || 439 Y% | 1425 | 110] 20107 | 60 || 3% | Q | Syd Meola 449 16 | 1425 | 220 | 20108 60 344 | 2 Siete tae 449 *Indicates ““V” groove pulley adapted to round belt. +Model number does not include pulley and covers open type motor only. {Frame 335 has wick-oiled bearings. TYPE RKT AND RKQ MOTORS DIMENSIONS eee Outline cuts are diagrammatic and do not show exact construction. <=" iSiinansene in Inches ; Net - Frame | wt. 2 + + inLb.| AA | BA| CA] p DA I ek gee ah ae eae a ies | 335 | 15 | 7 KBl5% | 5456/3 | V4) 4156/6164) 3156514) 96/114) NG] 3 561114 435 | 23 |10%15 Ve! 5156/3 | 14) 516/616) 4161516) 36/114 | Me] 4476|114 439 | 33 | 127364) 5 74) 519%6/3 Ya 77164614 | 67464|5 16) 36/114 | M401 5 %6 114 445 | 32 |12 74) 613(6| 6224/3 146 54) 6 34/7 15 36/6 | 1oi1l4| Me) 5 1612 449 | 47 | 1416) 613 (6) 672491 3 46) 54) 7720/7 |O%Q\6 | Leill4| Yelollg 2 — *Dimension D is approximate. It will never exceed; but may, in. below that given, or on Frames 435 and larger, 1/16 in. below that given. }+Dimensions G and H are approximate. given. on Frame 335, be 1/32 They may vary 1/64 in. above or below those 82 PoE ZI ION Ge Be Geli AEN SDR EW Se eC tO ina Ne) Type SD Motors Type SD motors have been designed to meet the demands for motors to operate on direct current. They are mechanically interchangeable with corresponding ratings of the Type SA line, and possess all the salient features of design and operation of the SA line. CONSTRUCTION The field frame or core is made up of a number of compara- tively thick punchings firmly riveted together; the poles being an integral part of the punchings. Type SD, 1/8 H.P., 1725 R.P.M. Motor with Wick-Oiled Bearings The field coils are form wound and are carefully taped and dipped in insulating compound and thoroughly baked. They are then put in place and fixed on the pole pieces. The end flanges, frames 234 to 256 inclusive have the feet cast integrally. Frame 325 has a solid cast iron frame very similar to those of the SDA line, while frame 264 has a separable base casting which is fastened to the field ring with four heavy cap screws. Wick oilers are used on all frames, except frame 264, which has ring oil bearings. The armature core punchings are pressed directly on to the shaft under hydraulic pressure insuring very solid construction. The bearings are of the highest grade, phosphor bronze bearing metal procurable. The brushholders on all frames are of the well-known cartridge type; on motors rated 4 HP and above, shunted brush springs are used. STARTING TORQUE AND CURRENT SD compound motors, 4% HP and below (without starting rheostat) 300-400% of full load torque with four to five times full load current. Type SD, 1/2 H.P., 1140 R.P.M. Motor with Oil Ring Bearings SD shunt motors, 1-12 HP or below (without starting rheostat) 200-300% of full load torque, with four to five times full load current. The maximum starting torque of SD motors of all ratings, when starting rheostats are used which may be expected with proper commutating stability, is 250% for shunt motors and 300% for compound wound motors. Speed regulation is approximately 8-15% for shunt and 20-25% for compound wound motors. HEATING Windings of standard direct current SD motors of open frame design will not exceed the following rises as measured by thermometer in degrees C., based on ambient temperature of 40 degrees C., full load continuously 40 degrees, 25% overload for one-half hour, 55 degrees. 50% momentary overload with- out injurious heating or sparking. SD direct current motors will operate satisfactorily without excessive heating with line voltage variations not exceeding 10% above or below normal line voltages. TYPE SD CONTINUOUS SERVICE SHUNT AND COMPOUND WOUND hae Standard Pulley Ship. Dimensions ° Rated tModel | Wt. in In. Cat. a Hip, |: Speed |'votts | cNS2 Ee ata a ee Motor (Ap- Pe ted ‘e Pulley gE prox.) || Bejt | Round | Bore = | Center | Belt | = , Diam. . SHUNT WOUND | pee Cee 1/20 | 1725 | 110 | 20032 | 20 1% | % 34 | 191204 || 325 1/20 | 1725 | 220 | 20034 | 20 14% | % 3_ | 191204 | 325 1/12 | 1725 | 110 | 20037 | 24 13%| % | % | 191213 || 234 1/12 | 1725 | 220 | 20038 24. 134 | A | Y | 191213 || 234 | COMPOUND WOUND 1/12 | 1140 110 | 20339 6 1%| \% 14 | 191215 | 236 1/12 1140 220 20040 = 26 1%) \% ¥ | 191215 || 236 1/8 | 1725 | 110 | 20041 | 26 WA | YK 14 | 191215 | 236 1/8 | 1725 | 220 | 20042 | 26 1%| \% V4 | 191215 | 236 1/6 |.1140] 110 | 20043 | 36 || *244 | *144 | 146 | 204889 || 246 1/6 | 1140 220 | 20044 | 36 || *216 | *1144) 1% | 204389 | 246 1/4 | 1725 | 110) 20045 | 36 | *2146 | *1144 ) % | 204389 || 246 1/4 | 1725 | 220 20046 | 36 | *2144 *144 14 204389 | 246 1/3 | 1140 | 110} 20047 |} 50 || *314 | *2 ae Mt eee 256 1/3 | 1140 | 220 | 20048 | 50 || *814 | *2 soll tee ean 256 1/2 | 1725 | 110) 20049 | BO aitS) on “Sune | nonce 256 1/2 | 1725 | 220 | 20050 |. 50° || *844 | *2: | 5% | ...... 256 1/2 | 1140] 110 | 20051] 80 || *344 | *2 ee et eee: 264 1/2 | 1140 | 220 | 20052 | 80 || *314 *2 Site ta woe 264 3/4 | 1725 | 110 | 20053 | 80 || *3l4 | *2 Bad norte d ose 264. 3/4 | 1725 | 220 | 20054 | 80 || *3)4 | *2 3 ag Il vere ai 264 *Pulleys for Frames 246 and larger have crowned face adapted for flat belt. Dimensions given for these frames are Pulley Diam. and Belt Width. +Model No. does not include pulley. AFrames 325 to 256 inclusive have wick-oiled bearings. Frame 264 has oil-ring bear- ings and removable foot casting. Cal ONe she A cine cole ack [OreN 2 Gra TAGE. OG 83 DIMENSIONS OF TYPE SD MOTORS Outline cuts are diagrammatic and do not show exact construction. wt Dimensions in Inches Frame SA im Ok =P ee aie + el Lb. AA | BA | CA D | DA; & F G ES) Ker ea Ps ew: 325 |1014| 6 34| 474) 4154214 3% |434/5 | 3.54]4 14)56).. .|1¥¢) 2 3414 234 |1314| 8 % 574) 5 He) 2 74| Va | 4 Me) 5 4613 %o| 4 “46/246 14) 114) 31942)14 236 |1434) 8 %| 524) 5 %| 2 (| V6 | 41346) 5 946) 31946] 4 46)546 14/114) 3224/14 244 11834] 8 7%) 656) 634/314) 4 14%) 614)3 Vl 5 V4 961114) 114) 31346114 246 |2034) 914 656 630/38 14 16 |4 1K) 6144/3 Kl 5 W611) 4 14 256 36 | 11194) 734|7 14/318 54 | O%G|7 34 SIG) 6 14/84 114)114 5614 264 |63 | 13 34 84/9 4/4 14) %4 734 7 \%'9 |e |5 %l2 It will never exceed, but may be 1/16 in. below that given. They may be 1/64 in. above or below those given. *Dimension D is approximate. +Dimensions G and H are approximate. Type SDA Motors Type SDA motors are built in five sizes, 1-200 HP to 1-15 HP, Speeds 1800 or 2200 RPM, 110 and 220 volts, 60 cycles, except frame 300, which is wound for 110 volts only. The field laminations are held in a cast iron case, which has the feet cast integral with the main frame casting. The pulley end bearing bracket is separable, being held in place by two stud bolts screwed into the main frame casting, so the motor may be readily dismantled for inspection. The bearings are the usual straight sleeve phosphor bronze type with standard wick oiler on all frames except frame 300 in which a felt retainer is used. The brushes are of the well-known cartridge type and are Type SDA-315 Frame, 1/50 h.p.—1800 r.p.m., 60 Cycles, 110 v. placed in a fixed position in the motor frame casting. All type SDA motors are furnished with 18-inch leads, brought out through a rubber bushing. “V” Groove pulleys, suitable for round belts are regularly furnished. TYPE SDA, FORM A, ALTERNATING CURRENT 60 CYCLES, SERIES WOUND Std. Pulley | Dimensions Bs Ship. pO Car emilee lac Speed a \*Model| Wt. ° =| No Load § z HP. | Full | & | No. | in Lb. eee eile vot Am-|| ‘2 || 8 Load > (Ap- d3 8 Bue Pulley |peres | 3 a RPM prox.) || 3m 5 220 | iS aS | AO aes ie 1/200) 2200 110 20060) 6 44 | % | 190407 |0.2 || 15|| 300 1/200) 2200 | 220 Mn feeietiera ||" me terete IPs, soll) Sav eee ES, aceaes | | 1/100) 2200 | 110 | 20061, 8 54 | Ye | 190407 |0.36]| 25|| 305 1/100) 2200 | 220 | 20062, 8 54 | Ye | 190407 |0.18]| 25/| 305 | | 1/50 1800 | 110 | 20063) 13 144 | 3% | 190536 |0.8 || 55|| 315 1/50 | 1800 | 220 | 20064, 13 14% | 3% | 190536 |0.4 55 || 315 1/25 | 1800 | 110 | 20065| 20 || 114 | 3% | 191204 1.4 | 95|| 325 1/25 | 1800 | 220 20066| 20 14%} 3% | 191204 |0.7 95|) 325 1/15 | 1800 | 110 | 20067) 25 14 | % | 191213 |2.0 130|, 335 1/15 | 1800 | 220 | 20068 25 14 | 3% | 191213 |1.0 | 130) 335 *Model No. does not include pulley. Use 110-volt motor with proper resistance in series TYPE SDA, FORM D, DIRECT CURRENT SERIES WOUND | Std. | | Pulley | | | ¥ Dimensions | 2 | Model | Ship in In. | | a 2 Speed | 2 No. Wt. 22 = Cat. Full || 6 4 H.P iw | (Not | in Lb. Le No. of |Load || 2 Toe > |includ-| (Ap- s2kluos Pulley | Am- || $ = M ing prox.) eee! ES peres & pulley) ACs B30 ‘ i & wy Res 1/200 2200 110 | 20069 6 58 Vy 190407 0.13 15 | 300 1/200 2200 220 tf cee Vice | 1/100 2200 | 110 | 20070 | 8 % mS 190407 0.18 Q5 | 305 1/100, 2200 220 | iam ieee at INE Sacev IM eet oN eetee 1/50 1800 110 | 20071 13 14% % 190536 0.37 41) 315 1/50 | 1800 220 | 20072 13 1% 346 190536 0.19 41) 315 | | \| 1/25 | 1800 | 110 | 20073, 20 14 H% 191204 |0.72 80|| 325 1/25 | 1800 | 220 | 20074| 20 14 3% | 191204 |0.36)} 80)) 325 | | | | | | | 1/15 1800 | 110 | 20075 25 14% 3% 191213 0.92 100 335 1/15 1800 | 220 | 20076! 25 14% Cn 191213 0.46), 100 | 335 + Use 110-volt motor with proper resistance in series. DIMENSIONS OF TYPE SDA MOTORS ise) >-— tee g ae Dimensions in Inches | yb. | AA BA|CA|*D |DA| E | F |tG|tH| J Tait Pesley, = | | | x | j300, 2 | 414/294) 28g 134 1g |2 4lalgl2 14/236 M6 | Yl ING 26 305) 4 41413 14/3 %@ 36) 1m [3 14/3 %6/2 14) 21346) Ma | 14] 15264) Meo S15 534 524 4 4 le 2 l6 % 3 i 4 Vig 3 3 3% 4 1 2 34| i% 325) 1014 | 634| 4 74) 419%2 14) 34 [43415 13 56/4 4! 6 | 1 Mel 2 34/1 4 7145 Ys| 5% 3 Vs | 41946) 6 4|313%6)5 Ye) 46 | 1 34) 3 611 4 | | 335) 1534 *Dimension D is approximate. It will never exceed, but may be 1/32 in. below that given. +Dimensions G and H are approximate They may vary 1/64 in. above or below those given. {Frame 300 furnished with felt oil retainers instead of oil cups as shown. 84 P BSD Tela N Gael WAGONS DREW eC ORNs eam Nan). TRUMBULL SAFETY SWITCHES A Complete Line No Fuse Double Throw Entrance Switch 125v Porcelain Base 250v N.E.C.S. Compensator Switch Entrance Switch Box Closed Motor Reversing Switch Motor Starting with U.V.R. Coil HE outstanding features of these Safety Switches are:— “A”, machine- Punched clip ] I. All switches used are Type made, built-up switches not used. switches. II. Box cannot be opened until switch is in ee ‘db igo off”’ position. IIT. Switch cannot be closed until cover is down, except as the “catch” is manipulated by expert when necessary to examine the switch under load with box open. Safety Switches represent the modern development of the old open switch and eventually will supplant them in all installations. Fusible 30-1200 Amp. Fusible Switch with Shield Quick Make and Quick Break No Fuse Single Throw Motor Starting . : Entrance Switch with with Shield Meter Trim Trumbull general catalog lists a complete line of Safety Switches. Pettingell-Andrews Company will send catalog upon request, also pocket bulletin of Safety Switches can be supplied to all interested. Built-up Contact Jaws Footblock milled Blades sweated and pinned into footblocks, giving a mechanical and electrical strength that can- not be obtained in the Punched Clip type of Contact Jaws Contact Clip complete | Switch Blades are ‘ground in’’ where they enter Contact Jaws CAL ER alee lerAg GON, eCA: TeAT lL) O'G 85 NEW ENGLAND DISTRIBUTORS ELECTRIC WASHING MACHINES, IRONING MACHINES, VACUUM CLEANERS AND HURLEY SOAP EDISON ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CoO. HOTPOINT HUGHES | EDISON AUTO HEATERS HEAVY DUTY RANGES SEWING MACHINES CURLING IRONS BAKE OVENS ROTARY AND VIBRATORY TYPES “HEDLITE” HEATERS BROILERS DOMESTIC RANGES GRILLS HOTEL TYPE TOASTERS | IRONS IRONS DOMESTIC RANGES | TOASTERS HEATING PADS WATER HEATERS FURNACES HOLLOW WARE HOT PLATES HOLLOW WARE AND OTHER APPLIANCES AND OTHER APPLIANCES AND OTHER APPLIANCES 86 Poe TWN :Gebels Lb AGN DP Rena. -5 ae Ce Oe viele Nene CONSTRUCTION TOOLS A Complete Line Always in Stock Send for Complete Catalog Carrying or Lug Hooks Regular Pattern Pole Supports Western Union Pattern Jenney Type Mule Type Jenney Type Tamping and Digging Bar Cant Hook Crow and Digging Bar Malleable Socket Peavies Loy or Slick Tamping Bar with Heavy Iron Shoe ett i Ta Post Hole Shovel, Crooked Handle Guarded Pike Pole Si rm RCO ATL GH OR Pike Pole Post Hole Spoon, Western Union Pattern Cll Ne teh AGE = Sele AGioOrN’ 7C AT TVACL. OFG 87 t nT 1) Tree Trimmer Tree Trimmer with Saw Take-up Reel While only a few tools are shown here, Pettingell- Andrews Company carry in stock a complete line of all tools used in Pole Line Construction Armor Cutters for BX Linemen’s Shields Splicing Clamps Buffalo Grips Melting Pots Speed Indicators Come-alongs Pouring Ladles Soldering Irons, GE Climbers Pliers Step Ladders Climber Straps Pole Counters Torches Climber Pads Reamers Vises Conduit Benders Rubber Gloves Wire Cutters Fire Pots Safety Belts Wire Gauges 88 P Bebe N Gaels 1 AGN DARE WAV SOs ORV IRE aae Nano “DELTABESTON” HEATER CORD “The Devices That Produce are the Devices in Use’’ The Cord Without Rubber—Keeps the Iron in Constant Use A Business Builder and Friend Maker GOOD connecting cord means juice consumption. When the cord breaks there is aleak in gw, your money bag— and a disgruntled Qgy customer. Quite a number of Central Station managers have found the way to stop this leak with ‘“Deltabeston” Heater Cord. What One Big Central Station Thinks About ‘‘Deltabeston”’ “Our experience has shown a material decrease in the number of complaints from our customers due to our using this cord. We appreciate very much your calling our attention to this wire because we feel that it has saved us hundreds of dollars and given our customers better satisfaction. “We are sending you our order for 10,000 feet of ‘Deltabeston’ Heater Cord. We use it exclusively in our appliance repair department to replace other cords that have become worn out. It has been our experience dur- ing the past several years that the majority of trouble in electrical appliances is with the cords. We have had this matter up with manufacturers continuously until we started to use the cord manufactured by your Company. “We were informed by appliance manufacturers that there was no part of the appliance which received as thorough testing as the attaching cords. One manufac- turer stated that they had a machine in their factory for testing the cords to ascertain the number of times appli- ances could be connected and disconnected without caus- ing cord trouble and also to locate the spot in the cord where the trouble developed. “On taking this matter up with other Central Stations we found their experience with cord troubles to be the same as our own, so that we have come to the conclusion that there is a tremendous field for the use of “Deltabeston’ Heater Cord, especially among Central Stations, and we would suggest that you bring the matter before their attention.” Surely there is every reason for you to investigate what ‘‘Deltabeston’’ Heater Cord is—why it is different —better—and how it will make money for you. Why “‘Deltabeston’’ Is Best *“Deltabeston” Heater Cord has won the enthusiastic approval of every user. It cuts down cord trouble to a minimum and keeps heating devices in almost continu- ous service. Note the distinctive construction of “Deltabeston” Cord. The insulation is not composed of rubber. A wall of pure as- bestos fiber surrounds each conductor— this is thoroughly filled with a compound which gives it high dielectric strength and results in a very tough and pliable insula- tion; the outer braided cover is of mer- cerized cotton yarn which can be furnished in any color desired. Where an all-fire- proof cord is desirable the twisted conduc- tors are covered with an asbestos braid. The back heat from an electric iron or other heating device quickly dries out and destroys the ordinary rubber insulation, but it cannot affect the asbestos insula- tion of “Deltabeston.” This is the ideal heater cord—it keeps appliances going and customers pleased. It will prove a busi- ness builder and a friend maker for you. We shall be glad to send you a sample length of this trouble-proof heater cord with our compliments. Send for it and prove — in your own shop — that “‘Delta- beston”’ is best. Cee leheaciews FeAl VON? 9G AUT ALE O G 89 WIRING PULLEYS TABLES AND GEARS STORAGE BATTERY DATA LAMP DATA Page Alternating Current Formulae............ 95 ANTI OES Were MWOIETES o5a0 obboo ds esosmonuucs 97 ENOMUTEOE Coe \WIRes oo opt eo coo gownoues oo cone 90 Bare: Cop permWite.mciseniecati chicos oi 96 Brown) Sa Sharpe's) Gaugewen. sees os eee 90 Busbari Copper!) atameerere tr nee eeeee 98 ClassiticationvotiGaugespensss sedans 90 ConductivitiestaacereE ee er eee eee 93 Comparison of Wire Gauges.............. 94 Comparative Weights of Wires........... 94 Conduit Sizes for Different Size Wires.... 99 Conductors and Insulators in Order of eine Val ieger ert He coker coco 99 Copper for Various Systems of Distribution 92 Current Required to Fuse Wires of Copper, German Silver and Iron ............. 91 Damp-Proof Office Wire ................. 90 Data on Solid Wires Larger than 4/0 ... 93 Decimalebquivalentsmreeceeeeerer eerie 101 Diameters ot Conduitsam eee eee are 99 Dimensions, Resistances and Safe Carry- ing Capacity of Copper Wires....... 91 Hlectricalalinitsteesca. eee eee 92 Electrical Units and Mechanical Equiva- LEME See eh eee ee een ie eck 93 Raivalemtsko imines meaner ce ener. 100 Equivalents of Wires: B. & S. Gauge .... 90 Feet Expressed in Decimal Parts of a Mile 101 ines VMiaonevaainemierr retry neers 93 Fixture Wire—Heavy and Light Wall... 90 Galvanized Iron Wire (Standard Grades) 98 Galvanized Iron Wire— Weight and Re- sistance Calculated at 68° F......... 91 Generalabiquivalentoaseeeee seer arr ree 101 Generalisusvestionsterrer teenie ce ene ner 98 General Uses of Various Gauges ......... 90 ISampalDatawen ssc cr ctr ote ace 105-106 Melting Point and Relative Electrical Conductivity of Different Metals and Alloys eer eres fd aye SOA AOR Aste cet ee 98 Page Metric Conversion Tables .<.c42.3.24s05.. 103 Metric System of Weights and Measures 101 Mihi eyael Ciivoullené MIMS ssoceooncnscanscooc 92 Numberof Wires in Strands, B.& S.Gauge 97 Obie spl a warts sy0e cosy views come aaa een 92 Poles inerDatamaerrce tic cnons sn ceemakenses 94 PullevgandaGearliablesereneereteettetre: 104 eas one hivsemmie herve, diss cio sneitareens 95 Rubber CoveredsDuplex-e see. -ee eee 91 Rubber Covered Wire—Solid Conductors 91 Safe Carrying Capacity of Insulated Wires 93 Sacha areswracmerec ck tern neds e 100 Sags and Tensions for Aluminum Cables 100 Sags and Tensions for Copper Cables .... 100 Square Millimeters Area to Inches Di- EVINS WO toowoen nos ocho tO be OO See een ne 103 StoravesBatteryaDatamierme cesar Od StrandeduConductorseeer es eee eee 90 StrandeduConductorseeer era ncaa ieee 91 a bletoteMrulltiplengemee eres eee 101 Table Showing Difference Between Wire Gauges in Decimal Parts of an Inch 92 RhesMetricsSystem epee eee aes el Oo To Determine the Size of Copper Wire for diay (Cinnein Sreamitees.bsaopsesesaanunc 91 dro lesa WVAl Citra nisi vsetai CAcisyeces tsar ear. 90 Underwriters’ Rules for Spacing of Switches—125 Volts or Less........ 98 MWieatherprootelronmWitcueaa teeter eeetee 90 Weatherproof Twisted Pairs.............. 90 Weatherproof Wires— Solid Conductors.. 90 WY CIEIMY GE CO) DNS? cooocnosooogecuses sacnde 92 \WTRES: Ol HONS IUMNES sce cedaoccessacauoone 94 \VHNe——Crhayed AINA Os000 0004 50n000s 50004 96 UwosPhas Gace. set eee e noe 96 iihree=Phasevaaencaier eee 95-96 \Wirabaves /RO TET. o4 6 once oo00 600d coon encoun 95 Wiring Formula for Direct Current...... 95 90 Pole he NEGaEE Le Lr ASN DIRE a s> CFO) IVIBESANTY WIRING TABLES BROWN & SHARPE’S GAUGE The B. & S. gauge is standard for copper wire and is understood to apply in all cases where size of copper wire is mentioned in any wire gauge number. By referring to the table it will be seen that in the B. & S. gauge, to all practical purposes, the area in circular mils is doubled for every third size heav- ier, by gauge number, and halved for every third size lighter, by gauge number. Every tenth size heavier by gauge number has ten times the area in cir- cular mils. No. 10 B. & S. gauge wire has an area of approximately 10,000 circular mils, and from this base the other sizes can be figured, if a table should not be at hand. CLASSIFICATION OF GAUGES In addition to the confusion caused by a multiplicity of wire gauges, sev- eral of them are known by various names. For example: Brown & Sharpe (B. & S.) = American Wire Gauge (A. W. G.). New British Standard (N. B. S.)=British Imperial, English Legal Stand- ard and Standard Wire Gauge and is variously abbreviated by S. W. G. and Ile Vato (Gis Birmingham Gauge (B. W. G.) = Stubs’ Old English Standard and Tron Wire Gauge. Roebling = Washburn Moen, American Steel & Wire Co.’s Iron Wire Gauge. London = Old English (Not Old English Standard). As a further complication: Birmingham or Stubs’ Iron Wire Gauge is not the same as Stubs’ Steel Wire Gauge. GENERAL USES OF VARIOUS GAUGES B. & S. G.—AIll forms of round wires used for electrical conductors. Sheet Copper, Brass and German Silver. U.S. S. G.—Sheet iron and steel. 1893. B. W. G.—Galvanized iron wire. Legalized by act of Congress, March 3, Norway iron wire. American Screw Co.’s Wire Gauge.—Numbered sizes of machine and wood screws, particularly up to No. 14 (.2421 inch). Stubs’ Steel Wire Gauge.—Drill rod. Roebling & Trenton.—Iron and steel wire. Telephone and telegraph wire. N. B. S.—Hard drawn copper. London Gauge.—Brass wire. Telephone and telegraph wire. EQUIVALENTS OF WIRES: B. & S. GAUGE 0000 = 2-0 = 43 = 8-6 = 16-9 32-12 = 64-15 000 = 21 = 44 = 87 = 16-10 = 3213 = 64-16 00 = 22 = 45 = 8-8 = ala = BSA a Tal 0 = 23 = 46 = 8-9 = 16-12 = 32-15 1 = 24 = 47 810) = 16-1 Se ON as by = ES = 48 = S-l) 5= 16-14 82a ee 3 =) 92-6 = 49 = 8-19 = 16159 82-18 es ee 4 = 27 41105 = 9 SH13 5 = iG One ee eee 5 = 28 ae ra) It tort ee ee - eowo | n ction 6 = 29 Se AU feel eae Bho BNE wees == 9-10" Fase 4S) SH 16 ee A reer) Re etre pee) A IY nao 8 dbo, | bodtee a EA = aii Eo ihe) Rae | ee Ae eee IG ts 8 eo | Oe 1p (ee ag J ee AO Teer) | hey a ota, | mutica ib es Veen eet eke ete | | dt SHO ee ey ee IR ae | oa Ce SOS {Vet od A ne) es PP anew “She b as 4 Viki oN ee Sn Gane | 5 scm codno Pa’ Sodas 9 © -to0l.0' VG R=) -2K9 re ecaeris Anette © = = Shcia6 WEATHERPROOF WIRES—SOLID CONDUCTORS 0000 000 00 DanrWwnNreco 2000000 C.M. 1750000 C.M. 1500000 C.M. 1250000 C.M. 1000000 C.M. 900000 C.M. 800000 C.M. 700000 C.M. 600000 C.M. 500000 C.M. 450000 C.M. 400000 C.M. 350000 C.M. 300000 C.M. 250000 C.M. 0000 000 00 MAankworcd Weatherproof Wire Wet. per 1000 Ft. 767 630 502 407 316 260 200 7000 6200 5400 4500 3675 3330 3000 2650 2235 1900 1725 1550 1345 1175 985 800 653 522 424 328 270 206 170 140 115 78 Wet. Diam. per Over Mile All 4050 25/32 3220 47/64 2650 39 /64 2150 9/16 1670 1/2 1370 15/32 1050 27/64 865 25/64 710 11/32 590 5/16 395 17/64 280 1/4 185 7/32 130 3/16 75 5/32 58 1/8 Slow-Burning Weatherproof Wire Wet. Wet. Diam. per per Over 1000 Ft. Mile All. 862 4550 3/4 710 393750 45/64 562 2970 37/64 462 2440 17/32 340 1800 15/32 280 1480 7/16 230 1220 13/32 190 1000 3/8 155 820 11/32 127 670 5/16 85 450 7/64 60 315 1/4 42 220 7/32 30 160 3/16 15 80 5/32 12 63 1/8 STRANDED CONDUCTORS 37000 32750 28500 23800 19400 17600 15800 14000 11800 10000 9100 8200 7100 6200 5200 4220 3450 2760 2240 1735 1425 1090 900 740 610 410 1/8 7/8 3/4 2 2 if 1 it 1 39/64 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ANNUNCIATOR WIRE Size B. &S. 14 Pounds per 1000 Ft 15. Diameter Over All 7300 6550 5675 4780 3860 3520 3180 2820 2350 1990 FIXTURE WIRE—HEAVY WALL 14 Q7 3/16 16 17 5/32 18 12 1/32 19 11 1/8 20 10 1/8 LIGHT WALL 16 12 1/8 18 9 7/64 19 8 7/64 20 7 3/32 WEATHERPROOF IRON WIRE Pounds per Mile. 38500 2 34600 1 7/8 30000 1 3/4 25200 1 11/16 20400 1 39/64 18600 1 9/16 16800 1 33/64 14900 1 27/64 12400 1 9/32 10500 1 13/64 9600 1 9/64 8700 1 3/32 7600 3 1/32 6700 15/16 5600 7/8 4750 53/64 3880 49/64 3080 41/64 2530. 37 /64 1870 33/64 1540 31/64 1270 29/64 1030 27/64 845 3/8 695 11/32 460 9/32 Slow-Burning Wire Wet. per is 1000 Ft. Mile. 925 760 600 495 365 5000 3980 3640 3280 2920 2460 2080 1900 1700 1500 1310 1120 940 785 625 510 380 335 280 230 195 165 105 Wet. Diam. yer Over All. 4890 3/4 4020 45/64 3170 37 /64 2610 17/32 1930 15/32 1690 7/16 1425 13/32 1160 3/8 1000. 11/32 845 5/16 530 17/64 420, 1/4 290 7/32 210 3/16 95 5/32 75 1/8 41000 2 36300 1 7/8 31300 1 3/4 26400 1 11/16 21000 1 39/64 19200 1 9/16 17300 1 33/64 15400 1 27/64 13000. 1 9/32 11000 1 13/64 10000 1 9/64 9000 1 3/32 7900 31/32 6900 15/16 5900 7/8 5070 53/64 4150 49 /64 3300 41/64 2700 37/64 2000 33/64 1770 31/64 1480 29/64 1220 27 /64 1030 3/8 870 11/32 555 9/32 DAMP-PROOF OFFICE WIRE Pounds per 1000 Ft. Size B. & 8. 12 14 16 18 20 Q4. 13.5 10. 8. TROLLEY WIRE 0000 000 00 0 Pounds per Mile. 3376 2677 2123 1684 WEATHERPROOF TWISTED PAIRS 470 400 350 230 150 Per 1,000 Ft. 5833 32 23 20 CAUMNGIA eA: noosa AMI FOUN. CAT AL O!G 91 RUBBER COVERED WIRE—SOLID CONDUCTORS Double Braid Diam. of Capacity Diam. Weight Diam. Weight Size Conductors Circular Over er Over er B. &S Mils. Mils. All 1,000 Ft. All 1,000 Ft. 0000 460 211600 47/64 809 55/64 832 000 410 167803 11/16 666 13/16 690 00 365 133079 5/8 546 47/64 568 0 325 105524 19/32 453 45/64 476 1 289 83695 33/64 355 5/8 376 2 258 66373 29/64 275 9/16 295 3 230 52634 27/64 227 33/64 245 4 204 41743 25/64 186 15/32 200 5 182 33102 23/64 160 7/16 170 6 162 26250 5/16 128 25/64 135 8 129 16510 17/64 80 11/32 86 10 102 10382 15/64 58 19/64 64 12 81 6530 7/32 43 9/32 48 14 64 4107 13/64 32 1/4 37 16 51 2583 3/16 ZO eee Sone Mus 18 40 1624 11/64 16 19 36 1288 5/32 155 WS emus’ 20 32 1022 9/64 a Os Bernese STRANDED CONDUCTORS Single Braid Double Braid Concentric Strands Diam. of Diam. Weight Diam. Weight Size No. Diam. Conductors Over Per Over Per B. &S. Wires Each Mils. All 1000 Ft. All 1000 Ft. 2000000 C.M. 91 148 1650 2 7246 2 9/64 7385 1750000 C.M. 91 139 1550 1 29/32 6394 2 3/64 6525 1500000 C.M. 91 128 1430 1 51/64 5539 1 15/16 5658 1250000 C.M. 91 117 1308 1 43/64 4678 1 13/16 4783 1000000 C.M. 61 128 1166 1 1/2 3754 1 5/8 3849 900000 C.M. 61 121 1104 Lt 7/16 3404 1 9/16 3491 800000 C.M. 61 115 1049 1 3/8 3058 i a 3138 750000 C.M. 61 111 1013 Ler 32, 2881 1 15/32 2956 700000 C.M. 61 107 978 1 5/16 2709 WAG 2880 650000 C.M. 61 103 943 1 17/64 2534 1 25/64 2600 600000 C.M. 61 99 906 1 1/4 2355 ihe Bi/43} 2418 550000 C.M. 61 95 870 1 13/64 2182 1 21/64 2240 500000 C.M. 37 116 821. P 2s 1959 ayes 2010 450000 C.M. 37 110 779 1 3/32 1791 1 7/32 1840 400000 C.M. 37 104 738 1 3/64 1608 1 11/64 1650 350000 C.M. 37 97 688 1 1431 Tl aye} 1468 300000 C.M. 37 90 639 15/16 1250 1 1/16 1285 250000 C.M. ot 82 583 7/8 1071 1 1103 0000 19 105 530 13/16 899 15/16 942 000 19 .094 475 3/4 740 7/8 782 00 19 .083 425 45/64 607 13/16 647— 0 19 O74 380 5/8 492 47/64 526 1 19 .066 329 9/16 387 43/64 417 2 19 .059 296 1/2 303 39/64 329 3 ii 086 263 29/64 249 9/16 272 4 a O77 233 7/16 204 17/32 227 5 7 .068 209 13/32 175 1/2 192 6 if 061 185 3/8 141 29/64 156 8 ws 048 147 21/64 90 13/32 103 10 7 039 118 19/64 65 3/8 72 12 7 031 94 17/64 48 21/64 55 14 if 024 75 15/64 36 19/64 40 RUBBER COVERED DUPLEX Solid Stranded Size Diameter Weight Per Diameter Weight Per B. &S. Over All. 1,000 Ft. Over All. 1,000 Ft. ee oY aes T/A 810 Did TOE eee ly/8 638 em aN ia a Le /32 528 Ae, WAGE 31/32 442 Det ee ee ra. 29/32 375 Cm Bale, Deer 53/64 307 8 11/16 170 49/64 203 10 37/64 125 5/8 143 12 1/2 94 9/16 107 14 27/64 73 15/32 78 All Weights are Approximate but are Exact Enough for all Practical Purposes GALVANIZED IRON WIRE—WEIGHT Iron Wire Gauge. Diameter in Mils. 225 192 162 -148 135 120 105 080 Single Braid CALCULATED AT 68° F. Pounds Per Mile. 730 540 E. B. B. 6.44 8.70 12.37 14.69 18.08 21.96 28.48 48.98 Ohms Resistance Per B. B. 7.53 10.19 14.47 17.19 21.15 25.70 33.33 57.29 AND RESISTANCE Mile Steel. 8.90 12.04 17.10 20.31 25.00 30.37 39.39 67.71 DIMENSIONS, RESISTANCES AND SAFE CARRYING CAPACITY OF COPPER WIRES Diameter B.&S. in Mils or Area in Ohms Lbs. Per Safe Amperes Gauge Thousandths Circular Per 1,000 Ft. Rubber Weather- No. of an Inch Mils 1,000 Ft. Wire knss Covered proof 1,000 1,000,000 .01038 3,550 650 1,000 894 800,000 .01297 2,880 550 840 775 600,000 -0173 2,210 450 680 707 500,000 .02076 1,875 390 590 632 400,000 .02596 1,530 330 500 rie 548 300,000 .0346 1,185 270 400 0000 460 211,600 -04906 750 210 312 000 410 167,805 06186 600 ete 262 00 365 133,079 07801 500 150 220 0 325 105,592 .0983 400 127 185 1 289 83,694 .1240 300 107 156 Q 258 66,373 1564 250 90 131 3 229 52,633 1972 200 76 110 4 204 41,742 .2487 160 65 92 5 182 33,102 -3136 140 54 qe 6 162 26,250 8955 110 46 65 8 128 16,509 .6288 75 33 46 10 102 10,381 1. 50 Q4 32 12 81 6,530 1.590 35 17 23 14 ar 4,107 2.591 25 12 16 16 51 2,583 4.019 16 6 8 18 40 1,624 6.391 12 3 5 TO DETERMINE THE SIZE OF COPPER WIRE FOR ANY GIVEN SERVICE Let C. M. = Cir. Mils. Let D. = Distance. Let C. = Current. Let L. = Loss in Volts. 21.5 is a “Constant” or figure always used. C.XD.X 21.5 Then a = Cin Mile, Ae Example.—It is required that 100 amperes be carried 350 feet on a 110 volt circuit, with a loss of 2 per cent. in voltage. What is the Cir. Mils required? Example.—First, ascertain the loss in volts, or 2 per cent. of 110 = 2.2 volts. 100 X 350 X 21.5 2.2 = 337.500 Cir. Mils. or two—No. 000 Wires. Where a wiring table is not at hand andit is desired to ascertain the weight of any bare copper conductor, it can be roughly determined in accordance with the following: 1000 feet of wire having an area of 1000 circular mils weighs approximately three pounds, and the weight of any bare conductor can, therefore, be deter- mined by multiplying its area in circular mils by .003. CURRENT REQUIRED TO FUSE WIRES OF COPPER, GERMAN SILVER AND IRON B.&S. Copper German Silver — Iron B.&S. Copper German Silver, Iron Gauge. Amperes. Amperes. Amperes. Gauge. Amperes. Amperes. Amperes- 10 333. 169. 101. 26 20.6 10.6 6.22 11 284. 146. 86. Q7 We fese/ On 5.36 12 235. 120.7 71.2 28 14.7 7.5 4.45 13 200. 102.6 63. 29 12.5 6.41 3.79 14 166. 85.2 50.2 30 10.25 5.26 3.11 15 139. 71.2 42.1 all 8.75 4.49 2.65 16 ile 60. 30.0 32 7.26 3.73 22 Wel 99) 50.4 32.6 33 6.19 3.18 1.88 18 82.8 42.5 25.1 34 5.12 2.64 1.55 19 66.7 34.2 20.2 35 4.37 2.24 1.33 20 58.3 29.9 ie) 36 3.62 1.86 1.09 Q1 49.3 25.3 14.9 37 3.08 1.58 .93 22 41.2 21.1 12.5 38 RROD 1.31 Bah 23 34.5 Ab feE 10.9 39 2.20 TAS .67 24 28.9 14.8 8.76 40 1.86 95 56 25 24.6 12.6 7.46 92 PE DPT UNG ELE APN TD Ree Se eCrcOR Rr aAaNa ELECTRICAL UNITS The electrical units are derived from the following mechanical units of the metric system: Centimeter. Unit of Length—One thousand millionth part of a quadrant of the earth’s surface. Gramme. Unit of Weight—Weight of a cubic centimeter of water at a temperature of 4 degrees centigrade. Unit of Time—The time of one swing of a pendulum making 86,400 swings in a solar day. Second. The unit of area is the square centimeter. The unit of volume is the cubic centimeter. Volt—Unit of electro-motive force; pressure of potential. Symbol E. Ohm—Unit of resistance. Symbol R. M egohm—1,000,000 ohms. Ampere—Unit of current. Symbol C. Ampere hours—Current in amperes X time in hours. Watt—Unit of power. Product of 1 volt X 1 ampere. E. C. (746) watts equal one horse power. Horse Power—746 watts. Kilowatt—1000 watts. Written K. W. Kilowatt Hours—Kilowatts X time in hours. Farad—Unit of capacity. Microfarad—One-millionth of a farad. Written M. F. Unit of Quantity—Quantity of current which, impelled by one Symbol W. or Coulomb. volt, would pass through one ohm in one second. Joule. Unit of Work—The work done by one watt in one second. MILS AND CIRCULAR MILS The one-thousandth part of one inch, written .001, and usually called one mil, is taken as the unit of diameter, from which one square mil would be the unit of area. If you measure the diameter of a round wire in thousandths of an inch, or mils, by means of a micrometer, and multiply this number by it- self, i.e., square it, you obtain in square mils the cross-sectional area of a square wire having four sides, each the same length as the diameter of the round wire that you have calipered. Circular mil (usually written C. M.) applies to all round wires, and has a value .785 times that of the square mil. Consequently the square of the diameter of any round wire, measured in mils, gives its cross-sectional area in circular mils, without any further multi- plication. Conversely, if you extract the square root of the number of circular mils by which a round wire is listed, you obtain its diameter in mils. Let d=diameter of a wire in mils. n=the number of wires. C.M.=the area of the conductor in cir. mils. Then C. M.=d?n ya C.M. re /C.M. da? n A mil is 1-1000 of an inch. The diameter of a circle expressed in mils and squared gives its area in circu- lar mils. Expressed in millimeters and squared gives its area in circular millimeters. A Wire Rod, commonly called a Rod, is formed by hot rolling from the copper billet and is usually made into wire by cold drawing thru dies. A Right Lay Strand is one in which the wires go in the same way as the threads of a right-hand screw. A Left Lay Strand is the opposite. A Perfect Strand is made by twisting around one wire as a center, six wires, around this twelve wires, eighteen, twenty-four, and so on. A Lay of a Strand is the length of the helix, measured parallel to the axis of the strand, which each wire forms around the center of the strand. WEIGHT OF COPPER A convenient formula for weight of copper is as follows: (miles)? x K.W. X k (K.V.)? X % loss Lbs. copper in line = k = a constant depending on phase, system and power factor; for 100% power factor, single or two-phase, k = 363; for three-phase, K = 273. OHM’S LAW The Electrical Units—volt, ohm and ampere, which are most frequently used, have fortunately been established so as to bear simple but important re- lations to one another, based upon the current increasing and decreasing with the voltage, but increasing when the resistance decreases, and decreasing when the resistance increases. Using the Symbols mentioned above, this is expressed in the following equations: E E Csa= = GR: == Ge ratts) 12 R Be Caulk R C DaCav(orwatts):—1C4ns E. C. (or watts) = = R TABLE SHOWING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WIRE GAUGES IN DECIMAL PARTS OF AN INCH Old Eng- Washburn lish & Moen Trenton from No. of American or Birming- Mfg. Co., Iron Co., Brass Wire Brown & ham or Worcester, Trenton, New Mfrs. No. of Gauge Sharpe Stubs Mass. Nid British List Wire OOCO00 Rens sata A6 000000 00000) S2c.58 Ht 43 45 00000 0000 46 454 393 4 A 0000 000 40964 425 362 36 372 000 00 -3648 38 331 100 348 00 0 32495 34 307 305 324 0 i 2893 43) 283 285 3 1 2 25763 284 -263 265 276 2 3 22942 -259 244 245 stow 3 4 20431 -238 225 1225 -232 4 5 18194 ered 207 .205 Lays 5 6 16202 -203 -192 19 .192 6 Bi 14428 18 aulefyy A775 176 a 8 12849 165 162 16 16 8 9 11443 -148 148 145 144 9 10 -10189 -134 135 13 128 10 11 090742 ais Le, Diets: 116 11 12 -080808 -109 105 105 104 We 13 071961 -095 -092 .0925 092 ae 13 14 064084 083 .08 08 -08 083 14 15 -057068 .072 072 07 072 072 15 16 -05082 065 -063 061 064 065 16 17 045257 058 054 -0525 -056 058 17 18 040303 -049 047 O45 -048 049 18 19 .03589 -042 O41 .039 04 04 19 20 .031961 -035 -035 034 -036 035 20 Q1 .028462 -032 032 03 .032 0315 Q1 22 .025347 .028 028 eel .028 0295 2 23 .022571 025 025 O24 -024 027 23 QA .0201 .022 023, 0215 022 .025 24 25 0179 .02 02 019 02 .023 25 26 01594 .018 018 018 .018 0205 26 QT 014195 O16 017 017 0164 OL875 27 28 .012641 014 -016 .016 0148 0165 28 29 -O11257 013 O15 O15 0136 0155 29 30 .010025 012 014 O14 0124 01375 30 31 .008928 OL 0135 013 .0116 01225 31 32 .00795 .009 013 012 0108 OM25ES2 33, .00708 008 O11 O11 OL 01025 833 34 .006304 .007 OL OL .0092 0095 34 35 .005614 005 -0095 009 .0084 009. 35 36 005 .004 .009 -008 0076 0075 36 37 004453 0085 -00725 .0068 0065 ot 38 .003965 .008 .0065 006 00575 = 38 39 003531 0075 .00575 0052 005 39 40 .003144 .007 005 0048 0045 40 COPPER FOR VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF DISTRIBUTION Power transmitted, distance, line loss and voltage of lamps constant. All wires of each system, same size. System. Copper Required. 9-Wire, single-phase or direct current. ...--... +. .¢--=-+2--s-0-- sae 1.000 3-Wire, single-phase or direct current. ..........+--1.+.2..-:......5. B75 AeWire, single-phase on direct Current aman ei yet det tae n de ites 222 Aa Wires LwWO-pP base aaumversee iene tert eee tne ee eer hei ere tel eee reas 1.000 4-Wire, three-phase with neutral’. 775.00... senna ores 333 3-Wirescthree-phase Del tame icpse. tee k ee rt sf crete ae rain een or ot aee 15 CRP NGe eA me wera al CONC AT Arr; OG 93 I SAFE CARRYING CAPACITY OF INSULATED WIRES As given by National Board of Fire Underwriters Size Copoclarnviils Carrying Capacity in Amperes B. &S. | Rubber Covered Weatherproof 1000000 650 1000 900000 600 920 800000 550 840 700000 500 760 600000 450 680 500000 400 600 | 450000 370 550 400000 325 500 350000 300 450 300000 Q75 400 250000 240 350 0000 211600 .00 225 325 000 167772.16 75 Q75 00 133079 . 04 150 225 0 105560.01 125 200 1 83694 .49 100 150 Q 66357 . 76 90 125 3 52624 36 80 100 4 41738 .49 70 90 5 33087 . 61 55 80 6 26244 00 50 70 8 16512 .25 35 50 10 10383 .61 25 30 12 6528 . 64 20 25 14 4108.81 15 20 16 2580. 64 6 10 18 } 1624.09 & 5 The lower limit is specified for rubber-covered wires to prevent gradual deterioration of the rubber from the heat of the wire. is not taken into consideration in the table. FINE MAGNET WIRE No. Ohms, Per Pound B. &§&. Single Double Gauge. Diameter Cotton Cotton 20 .0319 3.15) 3.02 21 .0284 4.97 4.72 22 .0253 7.87 744 23 -0225 12.45 Ub srl 24 -0201 19.65 18.25 25 0179 30.9 28.45 26 -0159 48.5 44.3 Q7 .0142 76.5 68.8 28 .0126 120. 106.5 29 .0112 190.5 164. 30 .0100 294.5 252. 31 .0089 461. 384.5 32 .0079 nlite 585. 33 .0070 1115. 880. 34 .0063 Lilie 1315. 35 .0056 2640. 1960. 36 005 4070. 2890 37 .0044 6180. 4230. 38 -0039 9430. 6150. 39 .0035 14200. 8850 40 .0031 21300. 12500 The question of drop Feet, Per Pound Single Cotton 311 389 491 624 778 958 1188 1533 1903 2461 2893 3483 4414 5688 6400 8393 9846 11636 13848 18286 24381 DATA ON SOLID WIRES LARGER THAN 4/0 No. B. & S. Gauge. Dia. Mils. Circular Mils. 5/0 515 265,225 6/0 575 330,625 7/0 640 409,600 8/0 710 504,100 9/0 785 616,225 10/0 865 748,225 11/0 950 902,500 12/0 1040 1,081,600 1.29 80 1.00 1.24 1.53 1.86 2.25 2.73 3.27 Double Cotton 298 370 461 584 745 903 1118 1422 1759 2207 2534 2768 3737 4697 6168 6737 7877 9309 10666 11907 14222 Ohms, Per Feet Per Pound Pounds Per Foot Mile -206 165 ‘050 ELECTRICAL UNITS AND MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS ALTERNATING CURRENT At Voltage of 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 1 Horse Power = = 38/5 3/10 1/5 3/20 1/8 Ampere 1 Ampere = "92/3 81/38 5 62/3 8 1/3 Horse Power AMPERES PER Horse Power The following table shows number of amperes required per horse power when the percentage of efficiency of the motor is known. Efficiency of Motor. 75 Per Cent. 80 Per Cent. 85 Per Cent. 90 Per Cent. At 110 Volts. 9 Amp. 8.4 Amp. 7.9 Amp. 7.5 Amp. At 220 Volts. 4.5 Amp. 4.2 Amp. 3.95 Amp. 3.75 Amp. At 500 Volts. 1.98 Amp. 1.86 Amp. 1.75 Amp. 1.66 Amp. AMPERES Perr GENERATOR K.W. 125 Vs. 250 Vs. 500 Vs. Appx.H.P. K.W. 125 Vs. 250 Vs. 500 Vs. Appx. H.P. 1 8 4 Q 1.3 30. 240 120 60 40 2 16 8 4 2.7 37.5 300 150 75 50 3. 24 12 6 4.0 40. 320 160 80 53 5. 40 20 10 6.7 50. 400 200 100 67 7.5 60 30 15 10. 60. 480 240 120 80 10. 80 40 20 13. 75. 600 300 150 100 12,5 100 50 25 Ile 100. 800 400 200 134 15. 120 60 30 20. 125. 1000 500 250 167 20. 160 80 40 27. 150. 1200 600 300 201 25. 200 100 50 34. 200. 1600 800 400 268 Amperes Per Moror H.P. Per Cent. Eff. Watts Input. 50 Volts. 100 Volts. 220 Volts. 500 Volts. 3 34 70 800 16 7 4 2 14 70 1600 32 15 a 3 3 15 2980 60 Q7 14 6 5 80 4660 93 42 21 9 1% 85 6580 132 60 30 13 10 85 8780 176 80 40 18 15 85 13200 264 120 60 26 20 85 17600 352 160 80 35 25 85 21900 438 199 100 44 30 90 24900 498 226 113 50 40 90 33200 664 301 151 66 50 90 41400 828 376 188 83 60 90 49700 994 452 226 99 70 90 58000 1160 527 264 116 80 90 66300 1330 603 302 133 90 90 74600 1490 678 339 149 100 90 82900 1660 155 377 166 120 90 99500 1990 905 453 199 150 90 124000 2480 1130 564 248 C = Current in Amperes. HP = Horse Power. E = Voltage. K = Efficiency of Motor. c _ HP x 74600 | BX CONDUCTIVITIES At 0° C. At 100° C, Metals AGS 22s, At 212° F. Silvershardheas erence ae ee ea ee een 100. 71.56 Gopperivhard Gertatirwtute capes Tmt aoe ne a Me a ree eh 99.95 70.27 Golds hard. sy cece ek eee aie eee, eee 77.96 55.90 ZAC MPLESSE yey ciel sice eke RIA on cx cP rere a 29.02 20.67 @Wadmivimeaty act he Mees Sete ce re we Dl eek PRE) 16.77 latin AsO tee see RE ee ete oe 18.00 TirGnsaSOl teeters ee ister eer eines AS iy SMe, le 16.80 dt DT te cree cel, Seen ac of ley Bas Atala eel Onze MORCRE RCH eRe ae Pra 12.36 8.67 LA pes tce aa rete wot Mere ARs feces ra aks «poe als 8.32 5.86 FAT SEIN Core Paar aetna tee ned ey arate sick. | kc ope n= 4.76 3.33 FANEMNONY peers eee ori © aR terol ae 4.62 3.26 Mercury puresane mre pirat tice verre cae ent 1.60 Bismuth eeweerante ay tr ae haan erie te eta: to 1.245 0.878 94 PBT isl NIGSE IG lr 7 AWN D RAE WW SP tC Os ing Na | Birmingham COMPARATIVE WEIGHTS OF WIRES ce | eR ee eet | eae Weight in Pounds per 1000 Fee = z - . Gauge Copper Aluminum. Iron or Steel Brass” 0000 .460 0000 454 400 394 0000 640.5 194.5 558.4 605.18 000 409 6431 | A425 ast . 363 000 507.8 154.3 442.8 479.91 00 364 7977 | . 380 . 348 BOOM 00 402.8 12273 351.2 380. 67 0 .324 8617 340 324 . 307 0 319.5 97.04 278.5 301.82 1 289 2977 | . 300 . 300 . 283 1 953.3 76.93 220.9 239 . 35 Q .257 6270 . 284 . 276 . 263 Q 200.9 61.02 ilpeay, 189.82 3 | .229 4235 . 259 diye) 244 3 159.3 48 38 149.5 150.52 4 | 204 3075 . 238 E282 B225 4 L263, 38.39 110.2 119.38 5 181 9411 . 220 Seale 207 5 100.2 30.43, 87.40 94.666 6 162 0232 . 203 192 y192 6 79 44 24.13 70.00 75.075 fh 144 2858 .180 176 aalreee if 63.03 19.14 55.54 59.545 8 .128 4902 .165 .160 .162 8 49.98 15.18 44.04 47.219 | 9 .114 4238 | 148 144 .148 9 39.61 12.04 34.91 37.437 10 .101 8973 134 .128 6%) 10 31.43 9.546 27.70 29 . 687 11 .090 7432 .120 eG 121 ik 24.90 7.569 21.94 23.549 12 .080 8083 .109 104 106 12 19.76 6.004 17.41 18.676 ES) .071 9619 095 092 .092 13 15.69 4.762 13.83 14.809 14 .064 0839 .083 .080 080 14 12.44 Ont to 10.96 | 11.746 15 .057 0684 .072 072 072 15 9.869 2.994 8.696 | 9.315 16 .050 8209 065 064 .063 16 7.812 2.374 6.883 (Latsteytl 17 045 2573 | 058 059 054 ‘We 6.212 1.883 5.473 Onsoul 18 .040 3028 049 048 048 18 4.916 | 1.493 4.332 4.645 19 .035 8907 042 040 041 19 3.901 | 1.184 3.438 3.684 20 .031 9616 035 036 .035 20 3.100 .939 1 Qriol 2.920 Q1 028 4626 .032 032 .032 Q1 2.459 TAA 7 2.166 | deo) Lo QQ 025 3467 028 028 029 22 1,938 .590 7 1.707 | 1,838 Q3 .022 5719 025 024 026 23, 1.546 468 3 1.362 | 1.457 24 .020 1009 022 022 . 023 Q4 1223 371 4 1.078 | 11 1s) 25 .017 9004 .020 020 . 020 25 .969 9 | .294 6 854 6 .916 3 26 .015 9408 018 .018 .018 26 Hey 2 .233 6 674 3 i 26ma Q7 014 1957 016 016 4 O17 QT 610 4 .185 3 .501 8 | 516 3 28 012 6416 014 .014 8 016 28 480 6 146 9 .423 4 457 0 29 OM ony .013 013 6 O15 Q9 . 386 5 SLUGS 340 6 362 4 30 .010 0253 012 012 4 O14 30 eked. yf 092 4 266 7 287 4 31 | .008 9278 010 O11 6 .013 2 31 239 8 AO omo) PAD We . 228 0 Ry 007 9504 009 010 8 012 8 oe LOSE .058 1 .168 6 .180 8 33, .007 0800 .008 010 0 O11 8 33 152 6 046 1 lism 143 4 34 .006 3049 | .007 009 2 010 4 34 120i 036 5 .105 9 LISai 35 .005 6147 005 008 4 009 5 35 094 9 .029 0 .083 9 .090 1 36 .005 0000 004 .007 6 009 0 36 (Oresy ef .023 0 066 6 O71 5 POLE LINE DATA WIRES ON POLE LINES Showing the distance between poles according to the number of poles used Also the weight of wire in the suspension between poles, allowing for sag, per mile calculated on weights of ““O. K.” triple-braided line wires. Nina sins pa a Eee Tn =e 1 Distance between poles in ft. We ee lsi | 188" 117’ 105’ 96 | 88" 81’ 75° 70’ ian On Weight e 7 2 ae ao es petra: ake Som a Gauge Capacity Lbs. WEIGHT IN POUNDS OF WIRE IN SPAN Solid | Stranded Per Mile 1000000 19400 655 562 491 435 390 356 326 300 Q77 258 900000 17600 597 51) 446 393 355 324 295 Q72 241 235 800000 15800 536 459 400 355 318 290 266 244 226 Q11 700000 14000 473, 405 354 313 280 256 234 Q15 200 186 | | | 600000 11800 405 347 303 268 240 219 201 | 184 171 159 | 500000 10000 340 281 253 224 200 183 168 154 143 | 133 | 450000 9100 314 269 235 208 186 170 156 140 132 123 | 400000 8200 284 243 212 188 168 153 140 129 120 111 350000 7100 239 204 178 158 141 129 118 109 101 94 300000 6200 209 179 156 138 124 113 103 95 88 82 250000 5200 175 150 | 130 115 103 94 86 79 74 69 0000 4050 136 117 102 89 81 74 68 62 58 000 3320 11g 96 84 74 67 61 56 51 47 00 2650 89 77 67 59 53 48 44 41 0 2150 | 72 62 54 48 43 | 39 36 33 | u 1670 56 48 42 37 33 30 28 2 1370 46 40 35 31 Q7 Q5 23 3 1050 36 31 Q7 24 21 19 4 865 29 25 22 19 17 16 5 710 Q4 20 18 16 14 6 590 20 17 15 13 12 | 395 1S y) vali 10 9 iW | 280 9 8 7 6 : Coleen yo AYE YOUNG AT A OG 95 WIRING FORMULA FOR DIRECT CURRENT The constant 22 is obtained as fol- lows: A copper wire with a sectional area of 10.7 CM, has a resistance of one One ampere through one D C = current in amperes. = distance (one way) in feet. CM = circular mils. ohm per foot. ohm resistance loses one volt. D >< 22x C Volts lost = CM The distance being measured one way, we multiply by 2 to get the total D X 22 X ¢ length of the circuit. As 10.7 X 2 = CM = —— volts lost 21.4 we may use 22 for simplicity, this being near enough for practical work. oO FORMULA of wire that should be used to carry a WIRING From Ohm’s Law the proper size current any distance with a given loss in volts can readily be determined, and the following is recommended: Length of run in feet X amperes X 21.5 a , = —— = Circular Mils. Volts lost In above the number of feet must be measured one way, not both sides of the circuit; volts lost should be taken as the drop allowed in volts, and circular mils show the size of wire to use. Example.—What size wire should be used on a 250 volt circuit where it is necessary to carry 200 amperes a distance of 350 feet to a center of distribution with a loss of 3 per cent. under full load? 3 per cent of 250 = 7.5 volts lost. 350 X 200 X 21.5 hee which is the next size heavier. = 200667 circular mils, or No. 0000 B. & S. gauge, In using this or any other formula to determine the size of copper to use, care should be taken to see that the size adopted is not smaller than allowed in the Underwriters’ table of safe carrying capacities, which are fixed without considering the loss in line. The general practice in balanced 3-wire direct current systems with a cen- tral neutral wire is to figure the line loss on the same basis as a 2-wire system of the voltage between the two outside wires with the amount of current car- ried in the outside wires. The central neutral wire should be made the same size as either of the others. REASON WHY For the benefit of those who care to know the reason why, the above Wir- ing Formula is based upon one foot of copper wire, with a cross-sectional area of one circular mil, having a resistance of very close to 10.75 ohms, so that the resistance of any copper wire = Length in feet * 10.75 Circular mils Substituting this expression for R. in Ohm’s Law: C X length in feet * 10.75 Circular mils ny = C X length in feet * 10.75 E and Circular mils = In the Wiring Formula, however, the length in feet is considered the “run,” one side of the circuit, and the term 10.75 is multiplied by 2. WIRING Area of Conductor in C. M.=K a Current in Main Conductor= et x? j Sow. fei : D’xWxKxA =k Weight of ¢ pee ue P=K Oye ue a PNT MIN See W=Total Watts delivered. D=Distance of transmission in feet one way. E=Voltage between main conductors at consumer’s end. P=Loss in line in percentage of power delivered. K, T, & A are given in the following table. ALTERNATING CURRENT FORMULAE WwW 1= EXPE. for single-phase circuit. hie ay I= 0:50 x E 3 PF for two-phase circuit. 1 = 0.58 X E Y Pr for three-phase circuit. 1 = Current in line in amperes; W = energy delivered in watts; E = potential between mains in volts; P.F. = power factor. When power factor cannot be accurately determined it may be assumed as follows: Lighting load with no motors, 0.95; lighting and motors, 0.85; motors only, 0.80, From the above formulae if W., E. and P.F. are the same it will be seen: Current in each wire two-phase equals 0.5 current in each wire single- phase. Current in each wire three-phase equals 0.58 current in each wire single- phase. Current in each wire three-phase equals 1.16 current in each wire two- phase. On alternating current systems of wiring, single-phase or 4-wire two-phase, that carry non-inductive loads, such as incandescent lamps, the printed wiring formula should be used, but where the load is inductive—motors or are lamps— an addition of 25 per cent. to the number of circular mils obtained by the wir- ing formula is recommended, if the current required has been figured on the same basis as used for direct current, to compensate for the power factor. Single-phase 3-wire circuits may be figured on the same basis as direct current 3-wire, if non-conductive. THREE-PHASE WIRING In a 3-wire balanced three-phase system the current in each wire of pri- mary and secondary, to the point where the 3-wire system is divided into 2-wire, is 1.732 times the amount it would be if three separate single-phase circuits were used, owing to each wire having to carry current for two-phase. For instance, in carrying 600 incandescent lamps, or 300 amperes—100 amperes on each phase—on 3-wire balanced three-phase secondary mains, the current in each of the three wires will be 100 X 1.732, or 173.2 amperes, and this quantity should be used in the wiring formula. In other respects the three-phase 3-wire system may be figured the same as a 2-wire system, and each of the three wires made the same size. Three-phase motors generally bear the manufacturer’s name plate, showing amperes per phase, which represents the total current in each line wire, so that the multiplier of 1.732 should not be used to obtain size of copper. In general: amperes per phase X volts X 1.732 & power factor 746 H. P. X 746 Volts X 1.732 & power factor HP. = Amperes per phase = The term power factor is less than 1, and varies approximately from .65 for 1 H. P. to .90 for 50 H. P. motors. In calculating the total load from switchboard voltmeters and ammeters: Watts = amperes per phase X volts X 1.732 « power factor. FORMULA 2) 1 ne ALUE OF k= - Value Per Cent. Power Factor System of ] “ 100 95 90 a Sk 80 iePhases Dac 6.04 2160 2400 2660 3000 3380 2 Phase 4 Wire 12.08 1080 1200 1330 | 1500 1690 3 Phase 3 Wire 9.06 | 1080 1200 1330 | 1500 1690 saa LS Taro VALUE OF 1) = lie Value | Per Cent. Power Factor System A | ie ; | 100 95 90 | feiss 80 1 Phase D. C. 6.04 | 1.00 1.05 ent Vea bel 125 2 Phase 4 Wire 12.08 50 153 95) .59 66 3 Phase 3 Wire 9.06 58 61 64, 68 he 96 P Berl NEG EL APN DRE RY co ee CaO a eae Nee The following tables show the amperes per phase taken by standard speed BARE COPPER WIRE—Resistance Calculated at 20° C. or 68° F. alternating current induction motors. Variation in speed will cause a diflerence aaa See ee Ans a a See ee : in current consumption of as much as ten per cent. A. W. G. |Ohmsper 1000Ft.| Ohms per Mile |_Feet perOhm | Ohms per Pound 0000 049 0 259 | 20 440. 000 076 4 ty —__SINGLE-PHASE oe eee 000 061 8 -326 | 16 210. “000 121 5 ie ll0v | 220v | 440v |) 550 v | 1100v | 2080v | 2200v 00 077 9 All | 12 850. 000 193 1 H. P Amps. Amps. Amps. Amps. Amps. Amps. Amps. 0 -098 3 .519 10 190. .000 307 1 1 12.0 58 2 8 29 1 123 9 654 8 083. .000 488 3 2 21 6 10.8 5A lie 2 156 3 825 6 410. | 000 776 5 3 30 6 16 2 8.0 62 3 .197 0 1.040 5 084. | 001 235 5 52 0 @7 0 126{ 10.0 4 248 5 1.312 4 031. 001 963 | | 72.0 37.8 18.0 14.4 5 .813 8 1.654 3 197. 003 122 10 100. RONEN wedla||| § 30) 0 6 | 395 1 2.086 2 535. 004 963 15 144. 72.0 36.0 28 8 7 498 2 2.630 2 001. .007 892 20 189. 90.0 45.0 36.0 8 .628 2 3.317 1 595. .012 55 25 239. 113 55.81 45.0 9 792 1 4.182 1 265. 019 95 30 270. 135 70.0| 54.0} 28.8 | 18.0 | 14.4 7 -998 9 5.274 1 003. | .031 73 40 360. 184, 92.0] 72.0| 38.0 | 21.6 | 19.8 eT ere | 6.650 | 795.3 -050 45 50 225. | 115 90.0| 48.6 | 25.2 | 23.4 We 1.588 8.386 630.7 -080 22 100 450. | 226. | 180. | 90.0 | 48.6 | 50.4 A eee 0! oe 1278 150 666. | 332. | 266. | 144. 68.4 | 72.0 ae ae ae as fete 200 864. | 440. | 360. | 176. 95.4 | 88.2 Lee ee duet: ae td 250 1054. | 528. | 498. | 226. | 117 ul HS eos tse ae ole 300 1306 648 522. | 270 144. | 133. oe a A 197.8 815 3 450 972 7710 404 Seg Clliene: 18 6.385 33.71 156.9 1.296 675 1422. | 1124 608 312. | 304. ae Shy AO: ae 2.061 1000 | 2124. | 1696 910 450. | 458 a EO 5381 98. 66 3.278 21 12.80 67.60 | 78.4 5.212 TWO-PHASE 22 16.14 85.24 62.05 8.287 ~10v | 220v | 440v | 550v | 1100v | 2080v | 2200v 23 20.36 107.5 49.21 13.18 H. P. ee Teme. | ercee | eee Nhe rer Q4 | 25.67 135.5 39.02 20.95 1 6.0 2.9 is bal 25 32.37 170.9 30.95 33. 32 2 10.8 5.4 2.7 21 26 40.81 Q15.5 24.54 52.97 3 15.3 8.1 4.0 3 1 a7 | 51.47 ee a ters 19.46 84.23 5 26.0 | 13.5 63 5.0 28 64.90 | 349.7 15.43 133.9 ip 1% 36.0 18.9 9.0 7.2 29 81.84 432.1 12.24 213.0 10 50.0 25.2 12.2 10.0 30 NOES 544.9 9.707 338 .6 15 72.0 | 36.0 is Oe tans 31 130.1 687.0 7.698 538.4 20 94.5 45.0 29 5 18.0 32 164.1 866.4 — 6.105 856.2 25 119 56.7 27.9 | 22.5 toi eine) Ietere. | sae.04| Mesclomimiio.0 si 10 Baler) Pn See 50 alas 67.6 | 46.0 | 24.9 | 19.6 | 11.7 ERODES 28 100 295. 113 90.0 45.0 24 3 25 2 An waG in Diameter Mils ie : Circular Mils _ ips per 1000 ft. | Lbs. per Mile 150 333 166. | 133. 720 | 3421 360 0000 460. 0000 211 600.00 640.5 3 382. 200 432. 200. | 180. 88.0 | 47.7 | 44.1 000 409.6431 167 772.16 507.8 2 682. 250 527. 964. | 214. 113. Bo |) 55 8 00 364.7977 133 079.04 402.8 2 127. 0 324.8617 105 560.01 319.5 1 687. 300 653. 324. | 261. 135. 72.0 | 66.6 1 289 2977 83 694.49 253.3 1 338. 450 486. | 385. 202. 114. 103. 2 257.6270 66 357.76 200.9 1 061. 675 711. | 562. 304. 156. 152. 3 229.4235 | 52 624.36 159.3 841.2 1000 1062. | 848. | 455. | 925. | 929. 4 204.3075 |__ 41 738.49 126.3 667.1 5 181.9411 33 087.61 100.2 529.1 -THREE-PHASE 6 162.0232 26 244.00 79.44 419.6 ~Tiov | 220v| 440v | 550v | 1100v | 2080v | 2200v_ i Leh eee aratocee 65 08 peek H. P. Amps. Amps. Amps. Amps. Amps. Amps. 5 Amps. 8 128 4902 16 512.25 49.98 Z . 9 114.4238 13 087.36 39.61 209.3 1 6.5 3.2 1.6 1.3 10 101.8973 10 383.61 31.43 165.9 2 12.0 6.0 3.0 2.3 11 90.7432 8 226.49 24.90 131.6 3 17.0 9.0 4.5 3.5 12 | 80.8083 6 528.64 19.76 104.4 5 29.0 15.0 7.0 5.5 13 71.9619 5 184.00 15.69 82.77 14 64.0839 4 108.81 12.44 65. 64 1% 40.0 | 21.0 10.0 8.0 15 | 57.0684 3 260.41 9.869 52.05 a ane uae ae 11.0 16 50.8209 2 580.64 7.812 41.28 : ; 16.0 ayy: RT a caG Er : 17 45.2573 2 052.09 6.212 32.74 20 ES 50.0 | 25.0) 20.0 18 40. 3028 1 624.09 4.916 25.96 ¥ ; 19 35.8907 1 288.81 3.901 20.59 30 150 750 | 890) 30.0 | 16,0] 10.0| 8.0 eS Ls 2 40 200. | 102. 51.0| 40.0] 21.0 | 12.0] 11.0 p let Stee Beate Tass 50 195. G4 Ol a50 On eTCO iaiote ia.0 22 25.3467 640.09 1.938 10.27 a e 23 22.5719 510.76 1.546 8.143 100 250 195. | 100 FOOL | eezlol laste 24 20.1009 404.01 1.923 6.458 150 370 185. 148 80.0 38.0 40.0 25 | 17.9004 320.41 . 9699 5.121 200 480 244. | 200 98.0 | 53.0 | 49.0 26 15.9408 252.81 71652 4.061 250 586 293. | 238 125 65.0 | 62.0 27 14.1957 201. 64 6104 3.221 @ «12. 6416 158.76 4806 2.554 300 725 360. | 290. | '150. 80.0 | 74.0 29 11.2577 127.69 3865 2.026 450 540. | 428. 225. 116. 114, 30 10, 0253 100.00 3027 1.606 675 790. | 625. 338. 173. 169. 31 8.9278 79.21 | 2398 1.274 1000 1180. | 942. | 506. | 250. 254. 32 7.9504 64.00 | 1937 1.010 Cea Na eee ees LAV COIN CAT ALL, O G ~ ( ; AMPERES PER MOTOR Direct Current % Efficiency 125v 220v 250v 500v 525y | 550v % 65 860 fs} 7.5 he 6.9 3.9 3.4 | Wey 1.6 136 1 65 1 148 10.4 10.0 9.6 9.2 5.2 4.6 2.3 2.2 ae 2 5 2 295 20.8 20.0 19.1 18.4 10.4 9.2 | 4.6 | 4.4 4.2 QW 75 2 487 22.6 21.6 20.7 19.9 WS} 10.0 OA0N Boel 4.5 314 75 3 480 | 31.6 30.3 29.0 27.8 Misses | 13.9 | 7.0 6.6 6.3 5 80 4 662 | 42.4 | 40.5 38.8 37.3 Pile 18.6 9.3 8.0) 8.5 7% 80 6 994 63.6 60.8 58.3 56.0 31.8 28.0 14.0 13.3 LOG 10 | 85 8 776 79.8 Kier; (ey 70.2 39.9 35.1 Wa 16.7 16.0 15 85 13 165 120. 114. 110. 105. 59.8 52.6 26.3 25.1 | 23.9 20 90 16 578 151. 144, 138. 133. 75.4 66.3 33.2 31.6 30.1 25 90 20) 722 188. 180. 173). 166. 94.2 82.9 41.4 39.5 erat 30 | 90 24 867 | 226. 216. 207. 199. 113 99.4 AO | AT 4 45 2 — | | 40 | 90 33 155 | 301. 288. 276. 265. 151. 133. 66.3 63.2 60.3 50 90 41 444 377. 360 B45. 332, 188. 166. 82.9 79.0 75 4 70 90 58° 022 528. 505 484. 464. 264. 232. 116. wail 106. 90 90 74 600 678. 649 622 Doe 339. | 298. 149. 142. 136. 100 93 80 215 729. 697. 668. 642. 365 321. | 160. 153. | 146. 125 93 100 269 912. 872. | 836. 802. 456. 401, 200. pole | 182. 150 93 120 323 1094. 1046. : 1003. 963. 5AT i 481 : 241. 229 5 ae 219. NUMBER OF WIRES IN STRANDS, B. & S. GAUGE cas =F ae aa eS ee ee a = Mils 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 £G- i BG 18 19 | 20 21 22 23 24 | | 2000000 | 121 153 193 | 243 | 306 386 | 487 614 774 976 1231 15538 | 1958 2469 3113 3926 4950 1750000 106 134 | 169 213 | 268 338 4.26 | 537 678 854 1077 1359 1713 2160 2724 3435 4331 1500000 91 115 144 182 230 290 | 365 461 581 732 923 1164 1468 1852 2335 2944 3712 1250000 76 95 120 152 | 191 241 | 304 384 484 610 770 970 1224 | 1543 | = 1946 2453 3094 | | | 1000000 61 76 96 121 153 193 Q44 307 | 387 488 616 776 979 | 1234 | 1557 | 1963 Q475 950000 58 73 91 115 145 183 231 292 368 464 585 738 930 | 1173 1479 1865 | 2351 900000 55 69 | 87 109 138 174 219 | 276 348 439 554 699 881 1111 1401 1766 | 2227 850000 51 65 82 103 130 164. UY | Exar 329 415 523 660 832 1049 1323 1668 2104 800000 48 61 77 97 123 154 195 246 310 391 493 621 783 988 | 1245 1570 1980 750000 45 57 72 91 115 145 183 230 290 366 462 582 734 926 1167 1472 | 1856 700000 42 53 Cf) 85 107 135 170 215 Q71 342 431 543 685 864 1090 1374 1732 650000 39 50 63 79 100 126 158 200 252 317 | 400 505 636 802 1012 1276 | 1609 600000 | 36 46 58 73 92 116 146 | 184 232 293, 369 466 587 TAL 934 1178 1485 550000 33 42 53 | 67 84 106 134 | 169 213 269 339 4.27 538 679 856 1080 1361 500000 - 30 38 48 | 61 aa 97 | 122 | 154 194 244 308 388 489 617 778 981 1237 450000 27 34 43 55 69 sy |) TM) 138 174 220 | Q77 349 AU Gti 700 883 | 1114 | | 400000 24 31 39 49 61 UT 97 123 155 195 246 311 | 392 | 494 623, 785 990 350000 21 Q7 34 43, 54 68 85 107 136 171 Q15 272 | = 343 432 545 687 866 300000 | 18 23 | 29 36 46 58 73 92 116 146 185 233 | 294 370 467 589 742 250000] 15 | 19 | 94 | 30 | 38 aC Pale ls Veet?” 97 | 192 154 Jo4_ | 245 | 309 | 389 491 | 619° NUMBER OF WIRES IN STRANDS, B. & S. GAUGE ————= Sina, == — = ——— — —— = | ——— — SS ——_ _————— — —- Strand 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | 34 35 36 | | | | | 4-0 207 261 330 415 524 660 833 1050 | 1324 1670 2106 2655 | 3348 | 4220 | 5324 | 6712 | 8464 3-0 164 207 261 330 415 524 660 833 | 1050 1324 1670 2106 | 2655 | 3348 | 4220 | 5324 | 6712 2-0 130 164 207 =| 261 330 | 415 524 COO S33) 1050 1324 | 1670 | 2106 | 2655 | 3348 | 4220 | 5324 1-0 103 130 164 207 261 330 415 524 660 833 1050 1324 | 1670 | 2106 | 2655 | 3348 | 4220 | | | | | | | | 1 82 103 130 164 207 261 330 415 524 660 833 1050 | 1324 | 1670 | 2106 | 2655 | 3348 2 65 | 82 103 130 164 207 261 330 415 524 660 833 | 1050 | 1324 | 1670 | 2106 | 2655 3 52 65 82 103 130 164 207 261 | 330 415 524 660 833 | 1050 | 1324 | 1670 | 2106 4 41 52 65 82 103 130 164 207 261 330 415 524 660 833 | 1050 | 1324 | 1670 5 32 41 52 65 82 | 103 130 164 207 261 330 415 524 660 833 | 1050 | 1324 6 26 32 4] Bl) Gi |) ER Il T1083 130 164 207 261 330 415 524 660 | 833 1050 8 16 20 26 32 41 52 65 82 | 103 130 164 207 261 330 | 415 524 660 9 13 16 20 26 32 4] 52 Col Se 108 130 164 207 26] 330) 415 524 10 10 13 16 20 26 32 41 52 65 82 103 130 164 207 261 330 415 12 6.4 8 10 13 16 20 26 32 4] 52 65 82 103 130 164 207 261 14 4.0 5.1 6.4 8 10 13 16 20 26 32 41 52 65 82 103. 130 164 16 2.5 3.2} 4.0 5.1 6.4 8 10 13 16 20 26 32 41 52 | 65! 82 103 pas aso | | | | | 18 UGA 2.0.1 (295). -S2| 450 Ny BAN 6s 8 10,9] 218 16 | 20/ 26] 382] 41] 52] 65 20 1.0 TES a ae ela 2) || Boks 3.2] 4.0 5.1 6.4 8 10 13 LCT 200 26a Se 41 22 ad) 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 le 2.5 3.2 4.0 5.1 6.4 & 10 13 16), 20 26 98 Poe Peis NY Gate bes AmNe Dah ayy aS CLOT Vig Ney! UNDERWRITERS’ RULES FOR SPACING OF SWITCHES—125 VOLTS OR LESS For Swrrcn aNd PANet Boarps Separation of Nearest Minimum Metal Parts of Break Opposite Polarity. Distance. lOvarnperes OF lessee crc earners 34 inch Vs inch WOE mitloVkoskunoe oor cco Adee oOo hae 1 inch 34 inch 96-50) aIMmpeLese an eee caer ter etal = efabrey eee 114 inch 1 inch For INpIvipUAL SWITCHES TOsampencs Omlesspyer eee eke eect nae inch 34 inch ES Eis ESA d pee eo goo sane om SA Dm IOse. 14% inch 1 inch 36-100;aMpCres pee eee etn mien tent 11% inch 114 inch OWES O00Famperestrrser erie tas) sb ier 214 inch 2 inch MECN ener KARE 5 du cla ceo eo on pu e Aes 234 inch 21% inch GOS 000ampenes see eee ries centre re 3 inch 234 inch FOR ALL SWITCHES 125 ro 250 Vouts 1 Oramperes OF less, ase 1s see eee 11% inch 114 inch TIESbramp eres ae ane cae sae etl screenees tients 134 inch 11% inch SMO eI a owns s sogdeoagwede sas 24 inch 2 inch TOTES OOD eres Meet ee eer rien 2% inch 214 inch MMAR ain Vath nacnadhsannarsooswo sc 234 inch 216 inch (AVIS OOM GH NSLS, on casoan an onaoeear ses 3 inch 234 inch 250 to 600 Voirs TOvamperes Onilesse ciate iat as era 31% inch 3 inch MESbyamperesaa vie ape see eee 4 inch 31% inch CPI Chisi Toe San gern co oory ape clbioe me 6 41% inch 4 inch Auxiliary breaks or equivalent are recommended for switches designed for over 300 volts, and less than 100 amperes, and will be required on switches designed for use in breaking currents over 100 amperes, at a pressure of more than 300 volts. On switchboards, the above spacings for 250 volts direct current are also approved for 440 volts alternating current. Switches on switchboards with these spacings, intended for use on alternating-current systems with voltage above 250 volts, must be stamped with the voltage for which they are designed, followed by the letters “A. C.” For three-wire systems, switches must have the break distance required for circuits of the potential of the outside wires. GALVANIZED IRON WIRE Weight and Resistance Calculated at 68°F. Ohms Resistance per Mile B.W. Diameter Approx. Ni Ns Gauge in Mils. Pounds | per Mile E.B.B. B.B. Steel 4 238 811 5.80 6.91 8.01 6 203 | 590 | 7.97 9.49 11.02 8 165 390 12.05 14.36 16.71 9 148 314 14.97 17.84 20.70 10 134 258 18.22 AISA D5a29 11 120 206 22 82 27.19 Sillspo 12 109 170 Q7 65 32.94 | 38 . 23 14 083 99 47.48 56.56 65.66 The breaking weight of any size of iron or steel wire, annealed and galvanized, is about equal to the weight per mile in pounds, multiplied for E. B. B.. by 3; for B. B., by 3.33; and for steel, by 3.75. STANDARD GRADES There are three standards of extra galvanized telephone and _ telegraph wire in general commercial use: “BEXTRA BEST BEST” (E. B. B.) stands highest in conductivity of any telegraph wire with a weight per mile ohm of from 4700 to 5000 pounds. “BEST BEST” (B. B.) is superior to the E. B. B. in mechanical qualities and equal in galvanizing, but of somewhat lower electrical value. Weight per mile ohm, 5600 to 6000 pounds. “STEEL” (or homogeneous metal) has a very high tensile strength, and a weight per mile ohm of 6500 to 7000 pounds. MELTING POINT AND RELATIVE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT METALS AND ALLOYS Metals. Cue poe ity bd Pure’ silvers tracetthccanpsttgetaee 1 ses mearnsii eres 100. 1873 Pures COPpene ciel tus cy ot cence oerages ces Sena an see weed a Renee 100. 2550 Refined and crystallized copper..................-- 99.9 Melegraphicisilicious bronzer ws. on eee eee 98. Alloy of copper and silver (50%) ................--- 86.65 Pure cold ORs acto ee eee cea seek 07 eere mn eattetee 78. 2016 Silicideof copper), AGG iol meee eon nee erelarevcesiene tr atiee Woe Siliciderofmcopperpl 27 yolh eer anerine ner rae 54.7 IPurevaluminimal Siro cee erie eres oe ovo Sra ANE 54.2 1160 Avia yan NOIZE i Sotelhin, «2g avoaskecououesobnauwaos 46.9 Melephonicysilictows) bromZecwepetee cia.) eae 35. Copper with LOS, tots leadnpnrar erie ieee eerie 30. One Zin Oi agen yea Ee a ccle ee wnve sous eo 29.9 773 Telephonic phosphor-bronze................+.+--5- 29. Silicious) brasss2b 0/75 Zan eee ee uence ter areas cures aie 26.49 IBSPCC A PLANO ANOS ¢ cue comeane dn reo eck Eb oue oe Q1.5 Phosphor tingeetes.5 oe ee eee cee ey 17.7 Alloyzot coldraridisilvern(o 09) emretcce cee ainer een 16.12 Swedishtirompcapne Sse ee ane er ga are 16. 4000 Pure) Banca Dineen terete ener rast te Grae 15.45 442 ‘Antimonialicopperae cere maces eter aac ite ok ear eee UPR7 Alumimiumebronzes (00/3) ere aera 12.6 Siemens ‘steel’, shh sesh oe ere rust een oe 12: Pure. platinum cenceaice es ortdeee ee eee Tee 10.6 4100 Copper with 109 ¢ of mickelle ens eer ee ee 10.6 CadmiumtAmal gam (15975) sere eeree eee ener 10.2 DroniersmercurialebronZzehy cease eee 10.14 Arsenical copper (09%) see mmace: nares Oncle ennnaeren: 9.1 Pitre lead Tee ite conn tae sta eee eave cack maces 8.88 630 Bronze swith 209 Of uinwens aera iets eee 8.4 Puresmickels aise: icine sonra ere teste te extiotec omens 7.89 2800 Rhosphor-bronzes LOU setlist ae ie eee nate: 6.5 Ehosphor-coppern 99/4) pnhOs-- seine) see eae 4.9 Anti ONY ss tet aces eld ayer ae ea ee ere 3.88 840 BUSBAR COPPER DATA Carrying Capacity. Thickness Width Weight per @ 1000 @ 800 Inches. Inches. Lineal Ft Amp Amp. 1/16 Vy SHOAL Sil 25 1/16 34 181 AT 38 1/16 1 241 63 50 1/8 V% 241 63 50 1/8 34 362 94 75 1/8 1 A82 125 100 1/8 14 603 156 125 1/8 1% wh2o 188 150 1/8 134 B44 219 175 1/8 Q 964 250 200 1/8 Q4 1.21 315 250 1/8 3 1.45 375 300 1/4 WO) A82 125 100 1/4 3 123: 188 150 1/4 1 964 250 200 1/4 14 1.21 313 250 1/4 1% 1.45 375 300 1/4 13 1.69 438 350 1/4 Q 1.93 500 400 1/4 Qe 2.41 625 500 1/4 3 2.89 750 600 3/8 1 1.45 375 300 3/8 1% 1.81 469 375 3/8 14 QAT. 563 450 3/8 134 Doe 657 525 3/8 2 2.89 750 600 3/8 Qe 3.62 938 750 3/8 3 4.34 1125 900 GENERAL SUGGESTIONS In all electric work, conductors, however well insulated, should always be treated as bare to the end that under no conditions, existing or likely to exist, can a ground or short cireuit occur, and so that all leakage from conductor to conductor, or between conductor and ground, may be reduced to the minimum. In all wiring special attention must be paid to the mechanical execution of the work. Careful and neat running, connecting, soldering, taping of con- ductors, and securing and attaching of fittings, are specially conducive to secur- ity and efficiency, and will be strongly insisted on. In laying out an installation, except for constant current systems, every reasonable effort should be made to secure distribution centers located in easily accessible places, at which points the cutouts and switches controlling the several branch circuits can be grouped for convenience and safety of operation. The load should be divided as evenly as possible among the branches, and all complicated and unnecessary wiring avoided. CEtRNe the A elin Sel re lOeNs eC AT AVL OlG 99 DIAMETERS OF CONDUITS Conduit and Wire Diagram Various Sizes Required for One, Two and Three Wires wt. 2 Showing actual relation of various sizes double braid = Size of Pipe rubber covered wire to conduit B.&S. | Circular Amps. | a | ; Gauge | Mils Rubber | 4 Wire 2Wire | 3 Wire 14 4108.81 15 i lg Y% 12 6528 . 64 20 6 34 34 10 10383.61 25 i 34 34 a] 16512 25 | 35 op | at 1 6 2624400 50 Ve 1 1% 5 | 33087.61 | 55 | 34 | 144 114 4 41738.49 | 70 34 14 14 3 52624 36 80 34 14 14 2 66357 .76 90 34 14 14 1 83694. 49 100 Wa AS ea | | 0 | 10556001 | 125 | 1 he eta 8 00 | 133079 04 150 1 2 2 000 167772 .16 175 1 | @ 2 0000 211600.00 200 Be | 26 250000 240 14 24 Q4 300000 Q75 134 el, IW 350000 300 Bye 98} 3 4.00000 | 325 | 1% 3 | 3 / 4.50000 370 1% 3 3 500000 4.00 14% 3 3 600000 450 14 3 3% 700000 500 Q 3% 3% 800000 550 2 tee ee 900000 600 2 314 4 1000000 | 650 | 2 | 4 4 1250000 750 Ql4 | 414 414 1500000 850 9% | 4% 5 1750000 950 3 5 5 2000000 1050 3 as 6 In laying out a conduit job, first ascertain the size and number of wires required, then take the sizes of conduit from the above table. One-half inch is usually used for branch conduits and is the smallest size permitted by the National Electric Code. In running several conduits together, a pull box will be found more economical than elbows for making turns, as one pull box will take the place of several elbows. 800000 Do not pull wires through conduits with a block and tackle, as it will not only injure the insulation, but wedge the wires in such shape that they cannot -be removed readily if desired. 400000} so0009 Be careful to ream out the end when conduit is cut, as the burr may other- wise cut through the insulation. Conduits should be securely fastened to walls and ceiling by use of pipe straps or hooks. Plug all exposed ends of conduit in new buildings to prevent plaster and dirt from falling into it. CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS IN ORDER OF THEIR VALUE Conpucrors Insutarors (Non-Conpucrors) Write Pettingell-Andrews Com pany All metals Dry air Ebonite Well-burned charcoal Shellac Gutta-percha for into rm ation on everyt hing Plumbago Paraffin India-rubber f Acid solutions Amber Silk l ° ] Saline solutions Resins Dry paper e€ ectrica Metallic ores Sulphur Parchment Animal fluids Wax Dry leather Living vegetable substances Jet Porcelain Moist earth Glass Oils Water Mica According to Culley the resistance of distilled water is 6,754 million times as great as that of copper. 100 P BT bel N, GOR AGN DARED Wiese C20 yinE soa eee {mre ''= SAG IN WIRES In the following tables are given the sags and tensions for copper and alum- inum cables of various sizes. If the cables are strung with the sag and tension and at the temperature indicated without wind, then with the worst condi- tions of sleet, wind and temperature given at the head of each table, the tension will just equal the elastic limit of the cable. It will be noted that definite spans have been chosen for each size of conductors. This has been an arbitrary choice based on reasonable values of sag. The matter of economy would in many cases demand that other spans be used, but it has not been practicable to give, in these tables, the sags corresponding to a great number of spans. The scope of these tables is, therefore, more or less limited, being useful when accurate values are wanted only for the spans indicated. To determine roughly what the sag would be at other spans, for the purpose say of approximating the height of the towers, the following equation may be used Span’, Span’, When going from a smaller span to a larger span this equation gives too small a sag and vice versa, when going from a larger to a smaller span the equa- tion will give too large a sag. Even for the determination of approximate sags this equation cannot be used in changing from one span to another over a very great range, such as from 600 ft. to 1000 ft. spans. The error for such a change is entirely too great. If it is desired to obtain approximately the tension corresponding to a given sag the following equation can be used Span? weight per ft. of conductor 8 Xsag Tension = SAGS AND TENSIONS FOR COPPER CABLES (Worst Condition: 0° F., 4 in. Ice, 8 lb. Wind) # CONDITIONS WITHOUT ICE OR WIND Allow- Size Span | able SAG IN FEET STRESS IN LB. (TOTAL) (B. & 8.) | Ft.) | Stress in Lb.} 0° 60° 80° 130° 0° 60° | 80° 130° 300,000 600 | 6900 9.37 | 11.57 | 12.40 | 14,25 | 4560 | 3700 | 3455 3010 250,000 600 | 5810 9.96 | 12.22 | 13.02 | 14.82 | 3530 | 2890 | 2705 | 2375 0000 600 | 4850 | 11.32 | 13.58 | 14.31 | 16.02 | 2637 | 2205 | 2090 | 1867 000 600 | 3870 | 13.20 | 15.37 | 16.18 | 17.72 | 1795 | 1547 | 1480 | 1337 00 600 | 3100 | 16.03 | 17.95 | 18.55 | 20.05 | 1179 | 1049 | 1016 941 0 600 | 2460 | 19.63 | 21.33 | 21.90 | 23.30 764 | 701 685 645 0 500 | 2460 | 12.10 | 14.10 | 14.65 | 15.95 837 733 708 652 1 500 | 1953 | 15.60 | 17.10 | 17.55 | 18.75 527 481 463 | 440 2 500 | 1523 | 20.20 | 21.50 | 21.85 | 22.85 325 307 301 | 288 3 300 | 1223 7.02 8.20 8.56 9.36 266 | 229 219 200 4 300 972 9.48 | 10.29 | 10.56 | 11.34 157 143 140 130 5 300 774 \ 12.36 | 13.12 |) 13.85 |) 38.94 95 90 | 88] §85 6 200 614 6.00 6.64 6.84 7.34 69 62 | 61 56 *Allowable stress—one-half ultimate strength. Sags and tensions calculated to give allowable stress under worst conditions specified above. Coeff. of expansion—0.0000096. Modulus of elasticity—16,000,000. SAGS AND TENSIONS FOR COPPER CABLES (Worst Condition: 20° F., no Ice, 15 Ib. Wind) CONDITIONS WITHOUT ICE OR WIND *Allow- Size Span able SAG IN FEET STRESS IN LB. (TOTAL) (B. & 8.) (Ft.) Stress — | in Lb. 100° | 130° 20° 70° 100° | 130° 300,000 600 6900 9.36 |10.51 | 6340 | 5160 | 4580 | 4085 250,000 600 5810 9.30 |10.44 | 5260 | 4270 | 3790 | 3380 0000 | 600 4850 9.6 |10.72 | 4310 | 3515 | 3125 | 2790 000 600 3870 9.78 |10.89 | 3330 | 2710 | 2410 | 2175 00 600 3100 9.99 |11.10 | 2570 | 2110 | 1882 | 1695 0) 500 2460 7.20 | 8.182) 2065 | 1635 | 1433 | 1264 1 500 1953 7.55 | 8.50 1557 | 1244 | 1087 961 2 500 1523 8.075) 9.10 | 1147 914 803 Tis 3 300 1223 2.82 | 3.49 | 1004 793 652 536 4 300 972 2.97 | 3.60 811 603 | 493 399 *Allowable stress—onec-half ultimate strength. Sags and tensions calculated to give allowable stress under worst conditions specified above. Coeff. of expansion—0.0000096. Modulus of elasticity—16,000,000. SAGS AND TENSIONS FOR ALUMINUM CABLES (Worst Condition: 0° F., 1% in. Ice, 8 Ib. Wind) Size CONDITIONS WITHOUT ICE OR WIND (Cop- +Allow- per Span} able SAG IN FEET STRESS IN LB. (TOTAL) Equiv- | (Ft.) | Stress - alent) in Lb. 0° 60° 80° 130° 2 60° 80?) "130° 350,000 | 600 | 6120 8.28 | 11.98 | 18.12 | 15.81 | 2775 | 1923 | 1752 | 1465 300,000 | 600 | 5250 9.63 | 13.28 | 14.35 | 16.86 | 2053 | 1495 | 1383 | 1183 250,000 | 600 | 4380 11.71 | 14.95 | 16.02 | 18.31 | 1412 | 1105 | 1032 | 903 0000 | 600 | 3705 13.94 | 16.87 | 17.83 | 20.05 | 1006 834 791 709 000 | 600 | 2932 17.77 }-20.40 | 21.12 | 23.04 629 551 530 487 00 | 500 | 2330 14.10 | 16.40 | 17.12 | 18.67 435 377 361 331 0 | 500 | 1843 18.45 | 20.10 | 20.62 | 22.15 266 245 238 223 1 | 500 | 1466 22.90 | 24.50 | 25.05 | 26.25 170 160 157 150 1 | 400 | 1466 13:69) |, 15.12 | 15.60 | 16.73 183 164 159 149 2 | 400 | 1159 17.32) ) 13-58) | 19.06 | 20.12 114 106 104 99 3} 400 | 921 22.00 | 23.05 | 23.50 | 24.30 72 69 68 66 3 | 3800 921 11.40 | 12.40 | 12.73 | 13.51 Ze: 71 69 65 4 | 300 730 14.78 | 15.70 | 15.93 | 16.68 47 45 44 43 +Allowable stress based on 14,000 lbs. per square inch. to give allowable stress under worst conditions specified above. 0.0000128. Modulus of elasticity—9,000,000. Sags and tensions calculated SAGS AND TENSIONS FOR ALUMINUM CABLES (Worst Condition: 20° F., no Ice, 15 lb. Wind) Coeff. expansion— Size +Allow- CONDITIONS WITHOUT WIND OR ICE (Cop- Span| able - per (Ft.) | Stress SAG IN FEET TENSION—LB. Equivy- Lb. —__—_— —$———= == $$ ——$__—— —— alent) | 20 70° 100° | 130° 20° 70° 100° | 130° 350,000 | 600 6120 4.95 7.63 9.45 | 10.70 | 4550 | 3015 | 2430 | 2066 300,000 | 600 é 6.1: 7.95 9.78 | 11.60 | 3800 | 2500 | 2025 | 1710 250,000 | 600 38 5.5! 8.40 | 10.30 | 12.10 | 2940 | 1960 | 1603 | 1365 0000 | 600 370! oe 8.90 | 10.80 | 12.50 | 2310 | 1550 | 1290 | 1120 000 600 29° Di 10.00 | 11.76 | 13.43 | 1597 | 1115 945 | 827 00 500 3: 4. 7.10 8.75 10.30 | 1340 860 699 | 593 0 | 500 : Sy. 8.30 | 9.85 | 11.25 | 872) 588 | 494) 431 1 | 500 46 yea! 9.20 | 10.65 | 12.05 595 419 362 | 320 2 400 1159 3.84 6.12 7.48 | 8.70) 507 318 260 224 3 | 400 921 | 4.82 7.16 8.40 9.52 | 320 200 184 | 162 4 | 300 730 2.10 4.00 5.13 6.12 316 172 1349) Pate +Allowable stress based on 14,000 Ibs. per sq. in. allowable stress under worst conditions specified above. Modulus of elasticity—9,000,000. Sags and tensions calculated to give Coeff. of expansion—0.0000128. EQUIVALENTS OF WIRES Showing Approximately Equal Capacities in the Use of C onductors of Different Sizes Bqualled by using the number of smaller conductors shown, or by the combinations. Totals Capacity | l 2 Bot 5 6 Combinations GoMe 1000000 | 46 30 800000 46 36 26 600000 46 | 40 26 16 500000 |. # | 1 4.00000 “%| %| wii 2 350900 | 36 hes 2 46 & % 300000 | Wy | 2 ‘ 36 & 46 46 & 1 250000 a a | 3 4 36 & 1 4 & 4 Bacco a | Gauge 0000 V6 2 3) 4 5 26 & 1 36 & 3 (0100 ne | 3 4 5 6 1 & 2 26 & 5 00 2 4 5 6 1&3 4 & 6 0 ¢ 5 6 8 2&4 1 4 6 8 3&5 2 ) 8 4&6 83 6 8 | 10 = 4 10 6&8 5 8 10 12 6 | 12 14 8 & 10 8 14 16 10 & 12 10 16 18 12 & 14 For the same rise in temperature a greater amount of current can be carried in two or more circuits, and the greater the number of circuits, the greater the amount of current that can be carried in any given cross-section, as shown by table of carrying capacities on Page 93. Cae Neh ReAG ees Ae Da) OeN COA Agi OL 101 DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS Of eighths, sixteenths, thirty-seconds and sixty-fourths of an inch. Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals to) of of oO of of of of an Inch an Inch an Inch an Inch an Inch an Inch an Inch an Inch 1/64 = .015625 17/64 = .265625 33/64 = .515625 49/64 = .765625 1/32 = .03125 9/32 = .28125 17/32 = .58125 25/32 = .78125 3/64 = .046875 19/64 = .296875 35/64 = 546875 51/64 = .796875 1/16 = .0625 5/16 = .3125 9/16 = .5625 13/16 = .8125 5/64 = .078125 21/64 = .328125 37/64 = .578125 53/64 = .828125 3/32 = .09375 11/32 = 34375 19/32 = 59375 27/32 = 84375 7/64 = 109375 23/64 = .359375 39/64 = .609375 55/64 = .859375 1/8 = 125 3/8) = 826 5/8 = .625 7/8 = 875 9/64 = .140625 25/64 = 390625 41/64 = 640625 57/64 = .890625 5/32 = .15625 13/32 = .40625 21/32 = 65625 29/32 = .90625 11/64 = .171875 27/64 = .421895 43/64 = .671875 59/64 = .921875 3/16 = .1875 7/16 = .4375 11/16 = .6875 15/16 = .9375 13/64 = .203125 29/64 = 453125 45/64 = .703125 61/64 = .953125 7/32 = 21875 15/32 = 46875 23/32 = 71875 31/32 = .96875 15/64 = .234375 31/64 = .484375 47/64 = .734375 63/64 = .984375 1/4 = .25 V2 3/4 = 75 © HO WO Or B 69 1 FEET EXPRESSED IN DECIMAL PARTS OF A MILE Units Tens Hundreds Thousands -000189 .001893 -01893 .1893 .000378 .003787 .03787 3787 -000568 -005681 05681 5681 .000757 007574 O7574 T574 .000946 -009468 .09468 9468 -001136 011362 .11362 -001325 -013255 3255 001514 -015148 15148 -OO1L704 -017042 -17042 GENERAL EQUIVALENTS CM = Circular mils. 1 Sq in. = 1,273,200 CM. SqM = = Square mils. 1 Sq in. = area of a circle 1.128” diam. 1CM = .7854 SqM. Area of circle 1” diam. = 1,000,000 CM. 1SqM. = 1.2732 CM. 1 Sq in. = 1,000,000 SqM. Area of circle 1” diam. =785,400 SqM. TABLE OF MULTIPLES Diameter of a circle X 3.1416 = Circumference. Radius of a circle X 6.283185 = Circumference. Square of the radius of a circle X 3.1416 = Area. Square of the diameter of a circle X 0.7854 = Area. Square of the circumference of a circle X 0.07958 = Area. Half the circumference of a circle X by half its diameter = Area. Circumference of a circle X 0.159155 = Radius. Square root of the area of a circle X 0.56419 = Radius. Circumference of a circle X 0.31831 = Diameter, Square root of the area of a circle X 1.12838 = Diameter. Diameter of a circle X 0.86 = Side of inscribed equilateral triangle. Diameter of a circle X 0.7071 = Side of an inscribed square. Circumference of a circle X 0.225 = Side of an inscribed square. Circumference of a circle X 0.282 = Side of an equal square. Diameter of a circle X 0.8862 = Side of an equal square, Base of a triangle X by 1% the altitude = Area. Multiplying both diameters and .7854 together = Area of an eclipse. Surface of a sphere X by 1/6 of its diameter = Solidity. Circumference of a sphere X by its diameter = Surface. Square of the diameter of a sphere X 3.1416 = Surface. Square of the circumference of a sphere X 0.3183 = Surface. Cube of the diameter of a sphere X 0.5236 = Solidity. Cube of the radius of a sphere X 4.1888 = Solidity. Cube of the circumference of a sphere X 0.016887 = Solidity. Square root of the surface of a sphere X 0.56419 = Diameter. Square root of the surface of a sphere X 1.772454 = Circumference. Cube root of the solidity of a sphere X 1.2407 = Diameter. Cube root of the solidity of a sphere X 3.8978 = Circumference. Radius of a sphere X 1.1547 = Side of inscribed cube. Square root of (1/3 of the square of) the diameter of a sphere = Side of inscribed cube. Area of its base X by 1/3 of its altitude = Solidity of a cone or pyramid, whether round, square or triangular. Area of one of its sides X 6 = the surface of a cube. Altitude of trapezoid & 14 the sum of its parallel sides = Area. METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES LINEAR MEASURES 10 Millimeters (mm) =1 Centimeter = 3937 Inch. 10 Centimeters (em) =1 Decimeter = .3281 Feet. 10 Decimeters (dm) =1 Meter =1.0936 Yards. 10 Meters (m) =1 Dekameter =1.988 Rods. 10 Dekameters (Dm) =1 Hectometer = .497 Furlongs. 10 Hectometers (Hm) =1 Kilometer = .621 Miles. 10 Kilometers (Km) =1 Myriameter =6.21 Miles. SQUARE MEASURES *) =1 Sq. Centimeter =.155 Sq. In. (em?) =1 Sq. Decimeter =.10764 Sq. Ft. (dm?) =1 Sq. Meter (m2) =1.196 Sq. Yds. LAND MEASURES 10000 Sq. Meters =1 Hectare =2.471 Acres. 100 Hectares =1 Sq. Kilometer = .3861 Sq. Miles. CUBIC MEASURES OGIRGuleln: 100 Sq. mms. (mm2 100 Sq. ems. 100 Sq. dms. 1000 Cu. mms. (mm) =1 Cu. em 1000 Cu. ems. (em? or ce) =1 Cu. dm .0353 Cu. Ft. 1000 Cu. dms. (dm*) =1 Cu. M. (m’) =1.308 Cu. Yd. DRY MEASURES 10 Millisteres =1 Centistere =1.135 U.S. Peck. 10 Centisteres =1 Decistere = 2.83783 U.S. Bush. 10 Decisteres =1 Stere =1 Cubic Meter. I fl LIQUID MEASURES 10 Milliliters =1 Centiliter . 084537 U.S. Gills. 10 Centiliters =1 Deciliter .21134 U.S. Pints. 10 Deciliters =1 Liter 1.05671 U.S. Quarts. MEASURES OF WEIGHT 10 Milligrams (mg) =1 Centigram = .15432 Grains. 10 Centigrams (es) Sil Decigram =1.5432 Grains. 10 Decigrams (dg) =1 Gram = .56437 Drams. 10 Grams (g) =1Dekagram = .35273 Ounces. 10 Dekagrams (Dg) =1 Hectogram =3.5273 Ounces. 10 Hectograms (Hg) =1 Kilogram =2 2046 Lbs. Avoir. 1000 Kilograms (Kg) =1 Metric Ton=2204 6 Lbs. Avoir. lowe dl METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS Equivalents of metric measures not given in the preceding tables, are readily found by the following factors: Millimeters + 25.4 = Inches. Meters x 39.37 = Inches, Meters x 3.281 = Feet. Meters per sec. x 2.237 = Miles per hour. Meters per sec. x 53.686 = Miles per day. Kilometers x .62137 = Miles. Kilometers x 3280.83 = Feet. Kilometers per hour + 1.097 = Feet per second. Kilometers per hour-+96.58 = Miles per minute. Square Millimeters+ 645.16 =Square Inches. Square Millimeters x 1973= Circular Mils. Square Meters x 10.764=Square Feet. Square Kilometers x 247.1 = Acres. Cubic Centimeters + 16.387 = Cubic Inches. Cubic Centimeters+ 29.574 = Fluid Ounces. Cubic Meters x 35.315 =Cubie Feet. Cubic Meters+.76456=Cubic Yards. Cubic Meters x 264.17 = Gallons. Liters x 61.0234 = Cubic Inches. Liters x 33.84= Fluid Ounces. Liters + 3.785 = Gallons. Liters per sec. x 127.132 =Cubie Feet per hour. Hectoliters x 3.5314= Cubic Feet. Hectoliters x 26.42 =Gallons. Grams x 15.432= Grains. Grams ~+ 29.57 = Fluid Ounces. Grams + 28.35 = Ounces Avoirdupois. Grams per meter=Kilograms per Kilometer. Grams per meter+1.488= Lbs. per 1000 feet, Grams per meter x 3.548 =Lbs. per mile. Grams per cu. em.-+27.68=Lbs. per cubic inch. Kilograms x 2.2046 = Pounds. Kilograms 907.2 =Short Tons (2000 Ibs.). Kilograms + 1016.2= Long Tons (2240 lbs.). Kilograms per sq. em. x 14.2234=Lbs. per sq. in. Kilograms per meter x .672= Pounds per foot. Kilograms per cu. Meter x .06243= Lbs. per cu. ft. Kilograms per Cheval x 2.235 = Lbs. per Horse Power. Kilogrammeters x 7.233 = Foot Pounds. Watts +746 = Horse Power. Watts +.7373 = Foot Pounds per second. Kilowatts x 1.34= Horse Power. Calorie x 3.968=B. T. U. Cheval vapeur x .9863= Horse Power. (Centigrade x 1.80) +32= Degrees Fahrenheit. 102 PEePa? ] N GAEL L -cAeN D ReEIW-S 3 CeOevigia ag Ne THE METRIC SYSTEM Unrr. Eaqurvatent VALur In Orner Units WEIGHTS Pass ; 1,000 watts. 5 aes, 2 : Equivalents in 1.34 H. P Mectrie Denominations and Values Denominations in use. hae Weight of what 2,654,200 ft.-lbs. per hour. ; } No. quantity of water 44,240 ft.-lbs. per minute. Name. Grams. at maximum density. ty 737 3 ft.-lbs. per second. Millier or tonneau = 1,000,000 = 1 cubic meter. 1 Kilowatt 3,412 heat-units per hour. Quintal = 100,000 = 1 hectoliter. 56.9 heat-units per minute. Myriagram B 10,000 = 10 liters. .948 heat-unit per second. Kilogram or Kilo = 1,000 = 1 liter. .2275 \b. carbon oxidized per hour. Hectogram = 100 = 1 deciliter. 3.53 lbs. water evaporated per hour from and Dekagram = 10 = 10 cu. centimeters. at 212° F. Gram = 1 = 1 cu. centimeter. Decigram = ail = 1 cu. centimeter. Centigram = 01 = 10 cu. millimeters. : 8.19 heat units per sq. ft. per minute. Miliecan a 001 fe 1 cu. millimeter. 1 Watt per sq. in. = 4 6371 ft.-lbs. per sq. ft. per minute. .193 H. P. per sq. ft. No. Avoirdupois Name. Grams. Weight. Millier or tonneau = 1,000,000 ae 2,204.6 pounds. 1 Kilogram Meter = SP HOORBE H P. hour Quintal = 100,000 = 220.46 pounds. “00000272 K. W. hour Myriagram = 10,000 = 22.046 pounds. (Nes aecarrincy oe Kilogram or Kilo = 1,000 = 2.2046 pounds. : Hectogram = 100 = 3.5274 ounces. Dekagram = 10 = Cope QuUne’s .283 K. W. hour. Gram = 1 = 15.432 grains. 379 H. P. } 2, Decigram _ ail = 1.5432 grains. MlpeWateckvane Pore are ele Cele a AE aaa >. Water Evap 965.7 heat-units. Centigram = OL = 0.1543 grain. loratadine = { 103,900 k. g Milligram = 001 = 0.0154 grain. and at 219°F l 019.000 nab ae , | and ¢ Rake ,019, joules. | 751,300 ft.-lbs. Measures or LenatTu .0664 lb. of carbon oxidized. Myriameter = 10,000 meters = 6.2137 miles. Kilometer = 1,000 meters = 0.62137 m. or 3,280 ft. 10 in. 1,055 watt seconds. Hectometer = 100 meters = 328 ft. and 1 inch. Hs Ane ‘ Dekameter == 10 meters = 393.7 inches. ‘ OP SU OSTATIC LSS: Meter = 1 meter = 39.87 inches. 1 Heat-unit = .000293 K. W. hour. Decimeter == .1 of a meter = 3.937 inches. .000393 H. P. hour, Centimeter = 01 of a meter = 0.3937 inch. 0000688 Ib. carbon oxidized. Millimeter es 001 of a meter = 0.0394 inch. .001036 Ib. water evaporated from and at 212° F. Merasurbs OF SURFACE 1 Heat-unit per .122 watts per sq. in. sq. ft. per min. = { .0176 K. W. per sq. ft. Hectare = 10,000 sq. meters = 2.471 acres. .0236 H. P. per sq. ft. Are = 100 sq. meters = 119.6 sq. yards. Centare = {esqauneters— 1,550 square inches. 1 joule per second. Measures OF CAPACITY .00134 H. P. 3,412 heat-units per hour. Name. No. Liters. Cubic Measure. Dry Measure 1 Watt = 4 .7373 ft.-lb. per second. Kiloliter = 1,000 = 1 cubic meter = 1.308 cu. yds. .0035 Ib. water evaporated per hour. Hectoliter = 100 = 1 cubic meter = 2bu. 3.35 pks. 44.24 ft.-lbs. per minute. Decaliter = 10 = 10 cu. decimeters = 9.08 quarts. Liter = 1 = 1 cu. decimeter = 0.908 quart. Deciliter = sl = .1 cu. decimeter = 6.1022 cu. ins. Centiliter = O01 = 10 cu. centimeters = 0.6102 cu. in. 1,000 watt hours. Milliliter _ 001 = 1 cu. centimeter = 0.061 cu. in. 1.34 H. P. hours. 2,654,200 ft.-lbs. Name. ‘ No. Liters. Cubic Measure. Wine Measure. aaeeaen rs Kiloliter = 1,000 = 1 cubic meter = 264.17 gals. 1 Kk. W. Hour = { 367,000 kilogram meters. Hectoliter = 100 = .1 cubic meter = 6.417 gals. .235 lb. carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency. Decaliter = 10 = 10 cu. decimeters = 2.6417 gals. 3.53 lbs. water evaporated from and at 212° F. Liter = 1 = 1 cu. decimeter = 1.0567 quarts. 22.75 lbs. of water raised from 62° to 212° FB. Deciliter = al = .1 cu. decimeter = 0.845 gill. Centiliter = OL = 10 cu. centimeters = 0.388 fluid oz. Milliliter = 001 = 1cu.centimeter = 0.27 fluid oz. 1 watt second. : tes .000000278 Kk. W. hour. Tae Teme ay AVY GIL Ona UN UTS 1 Joule =) ORs ey it Unir. Eourvavent VaLur In OTHER Units ‘0009477 heat-units. 746 watts. -7373 ft.-lb. 746 K. W. 33,000 ft.-lbs. per minute. 550 ft.-lbs. per second. 1.356 joules. 2,545 heat-units per hour. .1383 k. g. m. Teel Le = 4 42.4 heat-units per minute. 1 ft.-lb. = 4 .000000377 K. W. hours. 707 heat-unit per second. .001285 heat-units. 175 lb. carbon oxidized per hour. .0000005 H. P. hour. 2.64 Ibs. water evaporated per hour from and at 212° F. ( 14,544 heat-units. 746 Kk. W. hours. 1.11 lb. anthracite coal ox. 1,980,000 ft.-lbs. : “ 2.5 lbs. dry wood oxidized. 2.545 heat-units. ie esters 4. 21 cu. ft. illuminating gas. 1 H. P. Hour = 4 273,740 K. G. M. Macone 4.26 K. W. hours. 175 Ib. carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency. yf 5.71 H. P. hours. 2.64 Ibs. water evaporated from and at 212° F. 11,315,000 ft.-lbs. 17.0 lbs. water raised from 62° to 212° F. 15 lbs. of water evaporated from and at 212° F. CALSNEI Reagan Adel.O Ne CA TAT, OG 103 METRIC CONVERSION TABLES METRIC CONVERSION TABLES Properties of Copper Wire Expressed in the Metric System Millimeters to Mils PP n , are 7 S = x ‘ False ~ f ir = ae. oS: | = fer 7 mms. | Mils | mms. | Mils {| mms. Mils {| mms. Mils 5 1g rea ir el, er esiste — C : 2@eqli «i | oa a . 9 9 19 Be «Ss. in Milli- Sanare Klomioter, pet, Kilometer 1 39.37 26 1 023.60 ol 2 007.87 76 | 2 992.12 Gauge meters Millimeters in Kilograms Int’n’l Ohms. 2 | 78.74 Q7 1 063.00 52 2 047.24 77 | 3 0381.49 3 118.11 |} 28 | 1 102.40 || 53 | 2 086.61 | 78 | 8 070.86 ooo aD jem A | HES |B tah Ta | Se | 2 tes 98 | te | 3 tio a 000 10.404. 85.03 755.9 2028 e wee : cbisl| lee ee aE 00 9 266 | 67.48 599.5 2557 6 236 .22 31 | 1 220.50 || 56 | 2 204.72 81 | 3 188.97 0 8.252 53.48 AT5 4 3224 v 275.59 |; 32 1 259.80 o7 z 244 09 82 | 3 228 34 1 7.348 42.41 377.0 4066 8 314.96 33 ya 299.20 | 58 2 283.46 83) 3) 267071 9 6 543 33 63 299 0 5127 9 | 354.33 34 | 1 398.60) 59 | 2 322.83 | 84 | 8 307.08 3 5.827 26.67 237.1 6465 10 393.70 35 1 378 .00 60 2 362.20 || 85 | 3 346.45 2 5.189 21.15 188.0 8152 11 433.07 36 | 1 417.30 || 61 | 2 401.57 || 86 | 3 385.82 5 4.620 16.77 149.1 1.028 12 472.44 37 | 1 456.70 || 62 | 2 440.94 87 | 3 425.19 6 4.115 13.30 118.2 1.296 13 511.81 38 | 1 496.10 || 63 | 2 480.31 88 | 3 464.56 "7 3.665 10.55 93.8 1.634 14. 551.18 39 | 1 535.40 || 64 | 2 519.68 89 | 3 503.93 8 3.264. 8.366 TAA 2.061 15 590.55 || 40 | 1 574.80 || 65 | 2 559.05 90 | 3 543.30 9 2.906 6. 634 59.0 2.599 16 629.92 || 41 | 1 614.17 || 66 | 2 598.42 || 91 | 3 582.67 10 2.588 5.261 46.8 3.277 17 | 669.29 42 | 1 653.54 || 67 | 2 637.79 | 92 | 3 622.04 11 2.304 el: 37.1 4.132 18 | 708.66 43 | 1 692.91 || 68 | 2 677.16 | 93 | 3 661.41 12 2.052 3.309 29.4 5.211 19 748.03 44 | 1732.28 || 69 | 2716.53 || 94 | 3 700.78 13 1.829 oe 23.3 6.571 20 | 787.40 45_ | 1771.65 || 70 | 2755.90 || 95 | 3 740.15 iS ee pen oe ne 21 | 826.77 || 46 | 1 811.02 || 71 | @ 795.97 | .96 | 3779.52 2, ose pes oe : 22 866.14 47 | 1 850.39 || 72 | 2 934.64 97 | 3 818.89 - ee fos aaa eed 23 | 905.51 |/ 48 | 1 889.76 || 73 | 2 874.01 || 98 | 3 858.96 ia Gea | Sos Ses | ance Q4 944.88 49 | 1 929.13 || 74 | 2 913.38 | 99 | 3 897.63 : sehen : 2 5 5 968.5 5 | 2 952.75 || 3 98 ig i ae ee enue 2 984.25 50_| 1 968.50 || 7% | 2 952.75 || 100 | 8 937.00. 20 8128 5176 4.60 33.31 21 7229 4105 3.65 42.00 Nils to Mill: ra 22 6426 3255 2.89 | 52.96 - Sy so. ine ee as ae 23; 5740 2582 2.30 66.79 _ Mils — __ mms. || Mils mms. Mils mms. ' Mils | | mms. : 24 5105 2047 1.82 84.21 1 .025 4 || 26 660 4 51 1.295 4 76 | 1.930 4 25 4546 1624 1.44 106.2 2 | .0508 || 27 .685 8 52 | 1.320 8 77 | 1.955 8 26 4049 1288 1.15 133.9 3 076 2 28 Hill @ 53 | 1.346 2 || 78 | 1.981 2 Q7 3605 -1021 908 168.9 4 101 6 29 736 6 5A Beal Be || 8) 2.006 6 28 3211 0810 720 212.9 5 127 0 30 762 0 55 1.397 0 || 80 | 2.032 0 5 9 5 39 x = = = nS aan GP SEE ee 29 2859 - 0642 571 268.5 6 | .152 4 31 | .787 4 || 56 | 1.4224 || 81 | 2.0574 30 2540 0509 453 338.6 Wives) Ieses |) sie8 | sy | Laare 82 | 2.082 8 31 2268 0404 359 426.9 8 2032 || 33 | 8382 || 58 | 1.4732 || 983 | 2108 2 32 2019 0320 285 538.3 9 | .2286 || 34 863 6 || 59 | 1.4986 || 84 | 2.133 6 ee ae om ee 10) .2540 || 35 | .8890 || 60 | 1.5240 || 85 | 2.1590 35 1495 0160 149 1079. 11 279 4 36 | 9144 61 | 1.549 4 86 | 2.184 4 36 1970 ie 113 1361. 12 304 8 37 939 8 62 | 1.574 8 87 | 2.209 8 ee ae a Jae ee 13 330 2 38 965 2 63 | 1.600 2 || 88 | 2.935 2 14 355 6 39 | 990 6 64 | 1.625 6 89 | 2.260 6 ; : : : aa aes 15 en) 40 | 1.016 0 65 | 1.6510 || 90 | 2.286 0 Fractions and Their Equivalents in Decimals of an Tnch and in Millimeters 16 “406 4 ai 71.0414 66 1.676 4 91 2 311 4 Frac’ns Demls mms. ~ Frac’ns — ~Demls | mms. 17 AB8L 8 42 1.066 8 67 OES 92 | 2.336 8 | 18 A5T 2 43 1,092 2 68 | 1.727 2 93 | 2.362 2 ; 44 | 0156 den | ee 64 OTRO a gls 0r 19 | .4826 || 44 | 1.1176 || 69 | 1.7526 || 94 | 2.387 6 e ane ae aie ey pare a 20 | 5080 || 45 | 1.1430 || 70 | 1.7780 || 95 | 2.413 0 \y G 0695 1588 y AN Sas 14.288 | MEL 46 | 1.1684 || 71 | 1.803 4 || 96 | 2.438 4 u : |e 22 .558 8 || 47 | 1.1938 || 72 | 1.8288 || 97 | 2.463 8 loys | 9 re > (p 9g 5, vel 1 984 314, 5781 14684 23 584 2 48 | 1.219 2 73 | 1.8542 || 98 2.489 2 3 : “6 ae z Q4 609 6 49 | 1.244 6 74 | 1.8796 |} 99 | 2.5146 782 0008 ee 82 spent Peel 25 635 0 || 50 | 1.2700 75 | 1.905 0 || 100 | 2.540 0 Ve 1094 2.778 || | 39% 6094 15.478 URS Mie Boel Hee, eel EEE \% 1250 3.175 || 5% | .6250 | 15.875 | % | 1406 3.572 || 4 6406 16.272 SQUARE MILLIMETERS AREA TO INCHES DIAMETER 5 ¢ } 2 SERA = = a ——— == = = 2 1 oe poe! Y6 -6563 IG . 66 mm? { Inches mm? Inches mm? Inches | mm2 Inches v4 1719 4.366 | 13, 6719 17.066 eee a a eee oar 3% 1875 4.763 A 6875 | 17.463 1 O44 26 227 5 | < i | 2 063 27281 52 820 TH 390 eam fs 235 5é 323 78 392 134 | 2031 5.159 454 | 7081 17.859 3 a wee ee aS pe Gs % 2188 | 5.556 3% | .7188 18.256 4 |_.089 es 2 ee 8 | 15, 2344 5.953 | 4%, 13.44 18.653 5.099 | 30 | .243 55 329 80 | .397 A 2500 6.350 34 | | 7500 19.050 6 | .109 31 | 47 56 332 81 oy | vi 118 32 251 57 835 82 402 1%, | 2656 6.747 || 496, 1656 19.447 8 126 33 | Les ES 838 | 83 405 2 | .2813 7.144 6 .7813 19. 844 9 133 34. | .259 ae 407 1% . 2969 7.541 Ne . 7969 20.241 10 140 35 263 60 344 85 410 % 3125 7.938 || 13% 8125 20.638 ll 147 36 OH || Gil | 847 86 412 21 | iy a ae 12 154 37 270 | 62 350 87 414 A 3438 8.731 || % “8438 21.431 u a16h) = nie os oe ; 9 ee : 14. 166 39 | On 64 355 89 419 4 | -8504 | 9.128 "74 | 8504 | 21.828 15 172 | 40 281 65 | .358 | .90 421 as eee | 4% ee 16 ays a 41 284 | 66 | .361 91 424 %% | .3906 9.922 || | 5% | .8906 22 622 17 183 42 eo 67 364 Me re 134 4063 10.319 29% | 9063 | 23.019 18 189 43 291 68 366 42 216, 4219 10.716 || 59%, | 9219 | 23.416 19 7193 44 .295 69 369 94 431 VY A375 11.113 || 6 | | 9375 | 23.813 20 . 199 45 | .298 70 372 95 433 21 204 46 | .301 71 374. 96 435 2% 4531 11.509 614, | 9531 24.209 22 208 47 | 805 72 1377 97 .438 69 4688 11.906 319 . 9688 24.606 23 .213 48.308 73 380 98 440 31, | 4844 12.303 636, | 9844 25.003 24 218 49 | (311 74 | .382 | 99 | 442 Ye \s 5000 12.700. 1 1.0000 25.400 5 222 | eae || 385 100 444. 104 PETTIN GEL L “AN D°R°E WS) C10: MepaAgnay PULLEY AND For single reduction or increase of speed by means of belting where the speed at which each shaft should run is known, and one pulley is in place: Multiply the diameter of the pulley which you have by the number of revolutions per minute that its shaft makes; divide this product by the speed in R. P. M. at which the second shaft should run. The result is the diameter of pulley to use. Where both shafts with pulleys are in operation and the speed of one is known: Multiply the speed of shaft by diameter of its pulley and divide this prod- uct by diameter of pulley on the other shaft. The result is the speed of the second shaft. Where a countershaft is used, to obtain size of main driving or driven pulley, or speed of main driving or driven shaft, it is necessary to calculate GEAR TABLE—DIAMETRAL PITCH. GEAR TABLES between the known end of the transmission and the countershaft, then repeat this calculation between the countershaft and the unknown end. A set of gears of the same pitch transmit speeds in proportion to the num- ber of teeth they contain. Count the number of teeth in the gear wheel and use this quantity instead of the diameter of pulley mentioned, to obtain number of teeth cut in unknown gear, or speed of second shaft. RULE FOR FINDING SIZE OF PULLEYS DxXS5S des d= = Sy Ss d = diameter of driven pulley. Il D S S’ = number of revolutions per minute of driven pulley. diameter of driving pulley. number of revolutions per minute of driving pulley. ll (NUTTALL) DraAMeTRAL Prrcn 1s THE Numper or Trern to Eacu Incu or tur Precw DIAMETER To Get The Diametral Pitch The Diametral Pitch The Diametral Pitch Pitch Diameter Pitch Diameter Having The Circular Pitch The Pitch Diameter and the Number of Teeth The Number of Teeth and the Diametral Pitch The Number of Teeth and Outside Diameter Pitch Diameter........... The Outside Diameter and the Diametral Pitch... . Pitch Diameter...........Addendum and the Number of Teeth............. The Number of Teeth and the Diametral Pitch... . The Pitch Diameter and the Diametral Pitch...... The Pitch Diameter and the Number of Teeth Outside Diameter Outside Diameter Outside Diameter The Number of Teeth and Addendum The Pitch Diameter and the Diametral Pitch...... The Outside Diameter and the Diametral Pitch. . . The Diametral Pitch Outside Diameter Number of Teeth Number of Teeth Thickness of Tooth dcendum seine ees ees The Diametral Pitch IRGODMR ice ere er MhemDrametrale Pitch pemuece acess rcs: cence ere eee Working Depthiv..s.4..--nr the Diametralghitch memes sctte tte ewe ene WiholesDepthmrerse ene DTheWDjametralebitchiepers nase seer Glearances,auiecer a cer aoe iThesDiametrallertchtee steer eee ona @learancess ae cece ete ThicknesstofeToothrrm case ac neocon tener: The Outside Diameter and the Number of Teeth. . . _Multiply Outside Diameter by the Diametral Pitch and subtract 2 Rule Divide 3.1416 by the Circular Pitch Divide Number of Teeth by Pitch Diameter Divide Number of Teeth plus 2 by Outside Diameter Divide Number of Teeth by the Diametral Pitch Divide the product of Outside Diam. and No. of Teeth by No. of Teeth plus 2.. Subtract from Outside Diam. the quotient of 2 divided by the Diam’t'l Pitch .... Multiply Addendum by the Number of Teeth Divide Number of Teeth plus 2 by the Diametral Pitch Add to the Pitch Diameter the quotient of 2 divided by the Diametral Pitch... . Divide Product of Number of Teeth plus 2 and Pitch Diameter by the Number of Teeth Multiply the Number of Teeth plus 2 by Addendum Multiply Pitch Diameter by the Diametral Pitch Divide 1.5708 by the Diametral Pitch Divide 1 by the Diametral Pitch, or s = dy 1 Divide 1.157 by the Diametral Pitch Divide 2 by the Diametral Pitch Divide 2.157 by the Diametral Pitch Divide .157 by the Diametral Pitch Divide Thickness of Tooth at pitch line by 10 STORAGE BATTERY DATA Storage batteries are made for either stationary or portable service. Both positive and negative plates are of pure lead, so that local action is reduced toa minimum. This feature results in high efficiency, long life and ability to hold charge through a long period of open circuit. The mechanical design of the plate is such that the active material is in a thin layer supported by a conductor, and accessible to the current and electrolyte. Provision is made within the positive plate itself to accom- modate any distortion of the active portions. The approximate discharge voltage of a cell is two volts. Therefore, the battery discharge voltage is the number of cells in series multiplied by two. The ampere hour capacity, the rate of discharge and the rate of charge of a battery are determined by the size and number of plates in a cell. The voltage required to charge a cell varies from 2.1 volts at the begin- ning to as high as 2.8 volts at the end, the cell charging at a constant cur- rent, usually the 8-hour discharge rate. The charging current is usually controlled by a rheostat in series with the battery, booster generator, or generator field control. The maximum line voltage to be provided for charging a given number of cells in series is the number of cells multiplied by 2.8. The charging current will depend upon the size of the cell. When acell discharges, the electrolyte (sulphuric acid solution) forms the active material into lead sulphite and becomes weaker in acid with an increas- ing per cent. of water, and conversely, on charge the sulphate is changed back to acid. A definite amount of sulphate is formed for each ampere- hour discharge, therefore the density or specific gravity of the electrolyte changes a given amount. This change in specific gravity of the electrolyte is proportional to the ampere-hours output and is practically independent of the rate of discharge. A very convenient and accurate method of charging is available by using a hydrometer to measure the change in specific gravity between the conditions of full charge and full discharge, and then charging until the original specific gravity of the electrolyte is reached. The energy remaining in a cell at any time during a discharge can be found by noting the change in specific gravity of the electrolyte from the value at the beginning of the discharge and comparing it with the total range for the given discharge rate. The range in density of specific gravity of the electrolyte between full charge and discharge, at the 8-hour rate, is approximately from 1,200 to 1,160 for a standard cell in a glass jar, the temperature being 70° F. The range will be approximately from 1,200 to 1,180 for a discharge at the one- hour rate. The exact change in gravity should be determined for each particular size of cell, as it varies with the size of jar and the number of plates. The normal ampere-hour capacity of a cell is based upon the 8-hour rate of discharge and is arbitrarily taken at 100%. When taken at other rates, the ampere-hour capacity varies. The available ampere-hour capacity varies with the temperature and rate of discharge. For a limited range of temperature at the 8-hour rate of dis- charge, the capacity varies approximately one-half of one per cent. for each degree Fahrenheit change in temperature above or below 70° F. An increase in temperature will raise the capacity and a reduction will lower it. The lower the rate of discharge, the less will be the variation due to temperature. Storage batteries may be used to great advantage in maintaining a con- stant load on a generating system when the load factor is poor. A sample of such regulation is shown in reproduction from recording ammeter records of a battery and regulator maintaining a constant load upon the generating system with an exceedingly variable external load. When it is desired to maintain a constant alternating current load, the same degree of regulation may be obtained as in direct current work, by connecting the battery across the direct current side of a boosted rotary converter controlled by the regulator. RULES FOR CARE OF BATTERY 1. Do not over discharge battery. 2. Use only distilled water and chemically pure acid. 3. Never adjust specific gravity of solution by adding acid until cause of the change in specific gravity is found and remedied. 4. Maintain the solution at standard level and at standard strength by test- ing and adjusting once in two weeks. 5. Keep the cells clean, all wood work well painted, and metal work pro- tected by acid-proof varnish or vaseline. Cae NG laheag beer Selene lel OuNge se (AP APT, OG 105 ~ LAMP OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF MAZDA B LAMPS Until about 1913 the filaments of all commercial electric incandescent lamps were operated in bulbs from which practically all air and gases had been re- moved. The evacuation of the bulb accomplishes two purposes: First, it prevents the filament being consumed by the oxygen of the air; second, it pre- vents the loss of heat from the filament by convection. As the temperature of the filament of a lamp is raised the light given out increases much more rapidly than the energy consumed but, on the other hand, the rate of evapora- tion of the filament is increased. It is, therefore, desirable from the standpoint of efficient transformation of electric energy into light to operate the filament at the highest temperature that it can withstand without causing it to evaporate at any excessively rapid rate. The rate of evaporation of a given filament at a certain temperature, and consequently the life of the lamp, depends upon the ability of the filament to withstand evaporation. There is a great difference in this respect in the various materials which may be used as filaments, and this is one reason why it is possible for the metallic-filament lamps to produce so much more light for a given consumption of energy than the older carbon- filament lamps, and give at the same time a more satisfactory life performance. It would be possible to operate the ordinary carbon lamps at an efficiency as high as that of the metallic-filament lamps but the life would be so short as to preclude their use commercially at such an efficiency. OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF MAZDA C LAMPS It is seen, then, that if the rate of evaporation can be reduced, the filaments can be operated at a higher temperature and, other things being equal, at a higher efficiency. Inert gases introduced into the bulb increase the pressure bearing upon the filament, and the practicable operating temperature can there- by be increased. However, with lamps where the filaments of ordinary size were mounted in the regular way, the loss due to heat being conducted away by the gas is great enough to more than offset the advantages obtained by operating the filament at a higher temperature. The development of the helically coiled tungsten filament permitted mounting in a small space near the center of the bulb, and the percentage loss through the gas was greatly reduced, with the result that these Mazpa C lamps became at once commercially practical in the higher wattages. LIFE DATA The performance which a group of lamps may be expected to give in service varies with the character of the service and the method of installation. A group of lamps which under the tests prescribed in the standard specifications may be expected to have an average life of 1000 hours could not be expected to give a similar performance under unsatisfactory service conditions. It is expected that where the regulation of the circuit voltage or current is good, and where the average value of the voltage or current while the lamps are burning is the same as that of the lamp label, a performance of approximately that given in the following table for the various lamps may be expected. } | | Hours | Burned 0 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 a | 1200 ee | 1600 | 1800 | ie Number l¢ aber demies 00 97° | 94 | 89 | 77 | 60 | remaining The above statement includes the necessity of proper installation as Mazpa lamps cannot be expected to give their full rated life unless the service is as good as that given above and the lamps protected from excessive vibration or excessive handling. Lamps when fitted with reflectors or enclosed in housings of any kind can only be expected to give full average service life when these reflectors, enclosing mediums or housings are properly designed so as not to overheat any part of the lamp. In considering average service life it must be remembered that although some lamps show a shorter life than the average, others will show a life corre- spondingly longer. To illustrate this further the above figures may be given as representing the number of lamps out of an original lot of 100 60-watt Mazpa B lamps which might be expected to be burning at the end of various periods of service as indicated above. It should be remembered in considering this table that the data are typical of 60-watt Mazpa B lamps of the standard voltage range. DATA Other sizes and types of lamps have different characteristics: small lamps, for example, having a larger number of early burnouts than some of the larger sizes. The table, therefore, will serve to illustrate only the more usual standard types of multiple lamps and is not necessarily representative of lamps for stereopticon service, locomotive headlight service, street railway service, flood lighting service, round bulb lamps, tubular lamps, or the Mazpa C lamps of any of the various sizes. In the lot of 100 lamps represented 40 lamps failed before the end of the rated life period, while 60 lamps burned beyond. The average life of all lamps, however, is slightly in excess of 1000 hours. The rated average total life of most of the usual sizes of large Mazpa lamps listed on the regular schedules is 1000 hours. Following are some of the exceptions: Mazpa B lamps for ornamental lighting service: round bulb lamps, 750 hours; 25-watt T-10 bulb lamps, 500 hours; 40-watt T-8 bulb lamps, 600 hours. Mazpa B lamps for sign lighting service, 1500 hours. Mazpa B lamps for electric street railway service, 1500 hours. Mazpa C lamps for street lighting service, 1350 hours. Mazpa C lamps for locomotive headlight service, 30-34 volts, 500 hours. Mazpa Daylight lamps, 700 hours. Mazpa C lamps for stereopticon and motion picture projection service, 100 hours. Mazpa C lamps for floodlighting service, 800 hours. Vortacr Ranew is the total range of voltage for which lamps may be ordered. Lamps are manufactured for each individual voltage included within this range. Some lamps, for operation in connection with standardized equipment having a limited voltage variation, are manufactured at one voltage rating only. Such lamps are designed to meet the average voltage conditions of the intended service and are labeled according to the voltage limits which have been found characteristic of that service. Thus lamps for standard lighting service are listed under the voltage range of “110 to 125 volts” and lamps for any individual voltage between these limits may be ordered, while lamps for country home lighting service are manufactured at one voltage and labeled at “28-32 volts” which indicates the limited variation of voltage of such circuits. Bases are designated by a name, such as “Medium Screw,” “Mogul Screw,” Bases on lamps having bulbs with large necks, may be fitted with an insulated shell ete., which indicates the type of socket in which the base will fit. known as a skirt. Such bases are designated as skirted. Mogul Screw Base (Unskirted) Medium Screw Base (Unskirted) Burs. The diameter of a bulb is expressed in eighths of an inch and is always used in conjunction with the letter designating the type of bulb, such as the S-19; “S” indicating that the bulb is 19/8ths of an inch in diameter: or the G-25 bulb, indicating that the bulb is a straight-side bulb and “19” the “G” indicating a round (globular) bulb and the “25” indicating that the bulb is 25/8ths of an inch in diameter. The bulb designation “PS” indicates ‘‘pear shape.’ These bulbs are generally used for Mazpa C lamps. The letter “T” indicates a tubular bulb. 106 P ETE N-GeEe EL. - AGN ED RS EAW- Si CeOsyVig Een As the heat carried away by the gas from a thin filament of low wattage It is advisable that the labeled voltage on a lamp be the same or at least is proportionately greater than from a thick filament of high wattage, there no higher than the actual average voltage at the lamp socket in which the lamp is, therefore, a wattage below which Mazpa B lamps become more efficient is used. Frostep Lamps have the outside surface of the bulb treated by a sand- blast or acid process to soften the light and make it less glaring. ‘‘All frosted”’ WU) | | ) , lamps are those which have the bulb entirely frosted. “‘Bowl frosted” lamps S-19 Bulb G-25 Bulb T.10 Bulb PS-30 Bulb are those which have the bulb frosted from the tip to the maximum diameter of Tig. 8 the bulb. Bowl Frosted Lamp All Frosted Lamp pa et BULB CLASSIFICATION (Lamps Illustrated 14 Scale) than Mazpa C lamps of the same voltage and rated life. At present Mazpa C lamps are not manufactured below 50 watts in 110 to 125 volts for the reason that they would not be as efficient as the Mazpa B lamps under 50 watts now made. LTHOUGH no attempt has Ligut Center Luncrn is the distance from the center of the filament to been made in this catalog to bhererg contece point.o1 Resin cover our department which handles Electric Lighting Fixtures, it should be remembered that we specialize on the installation of elec- tric lighting equipment for Resi- dences, Public Buildings, Hospitals, Churches, Theatres, etc. The services of our Electric [Jumina- ting Engineers and Fixture Designers are always at the command of those ay who desire assistance of a thoroughly Mazpa C Lampe—6-1n. LIGHT CENTER LENGTH competent character. Those interested in lighting facilities THE EFFECT OF LAMP VOLTAGE UPON even ; for the home will find it extremely in- LIGHTING SERVICE ; oe ‘ ; teresting to visit our Fixture Studios. Lamp users will occasionally complain of “dim lights.” The user gen- Our showing of attractive designs erally assumes that dim lights are an indication that he is not getting the : . proper service, but this assumption may not be justified by the facts. includes types appropriate to any It may be that he has tried to use an inferior grade of lamp in which case the reason for complaint will not be hard to find, or more likely, he may be using lamps of wrong voltage for his circuit. Sometimes this is due to a mistake or to carelessness, but more often it is due to a lack of knowledge as to the actual voltage at the sockets in which the lamps are to be operated. scheme of interior treatment. In some cases the user will advise that the lights are all right until he turns on additional lights and then they grow dim. This indicates that its circuits are overloaded and steps should be taken to remedy this condition. Ce Nelen ATI (Ss PeAT 1-O Ne C A*T AOL OG 107 VARIATION OF CANDLE-POWER WITH VOLTAGE FOR MAZDA LAMPS A Mazpa lamp gives its rated candle-power only when operated on a cir- cuit of a voltage equal to the rated voltage of the lamp. If the rated voltage is less than the circuit voltage, the candle-power will be increased and vice versa. The following table shows the relations between circuit voltage, lamp voltage and candle-power produced. To illustrate the use of the table: Suppose a customer to have a circuit of voltage 112. If he burns 108-volt Mazpa lamps on this circuit then candle- power will be 113.6 per cent. of their normal rating (found in the column headed 112 and in the row opposite 108). Similarly, if the customer burns 116-volt Mazpa lamps, their candle-power will be 88.4 per cent. of normal. e of Cireuit Voltag Voltage | | : = re : | of Lamp 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 12 LAS 114 115 116 Alil7/ 118 119 120 121 122 | 123 | 124 125 | | | 105 129.1 | 133.1 | 137.2 | 106 125.0 | 128.8 | 132.8 | 136.9 | 107 121.0 | 124.7 | 128.5 | 132.5 | 136.5 | | 108 117.1 | 12058 | 124:5./ 12812") 132-2 | 136.1 109 113.5 | 117.0 | 120.6 | 124.2 | 128.0 | 131.8 | 135.7 | 110 109.9 | 113.3 | 116.8 | 120.4 | 124.0 | 127.7 | 131.5 | 135.4 | | ill 106.5 | 109.8 | 113.2 | 116.6 | 120.2 | 123'8 | 127.4.| 131.2 | 135.0 | 112 103.2 | 106.4 | 109.7 | 113.1 | 116.5 | 120.0 | 123.6 | 127.2 | 130.9 | 134.7 | 113 100.0 | 103.2 | 106.4 | 109.6 | 113.0 | 116.3 | 119.8 | 123.3 | 126.9 | 130.6 | 134.3 | | 114 97.0 | 100.0 | 103.1 | 106.3 | 109.5 | 112.9 | 116.2 | 119.6 | 123.1 | 126.7 | 130.3 | 134.0 115 | 94.0] 97.0 : 9.5 3, 9.5 | 122.9 | 126.4 | 130.0 | 133.7 116 91.2 | 94.1 | 3.3 5 122.7 | 126.2 | 129.7 117 88.5 91.3 PLO 22%) 26.0 118 85.8 | 88.5 5.6 118.9 | 122.3 119 83.3 | 85.9 2.3 | 115.5 | 118.7 120 80.8 | 83.4 1 15.3 121 73.5 | 81.0 120 199 76.2 | 78.7 | 108.9 123 74.0 | 76.4 | 105.9 Bx. «Ie AITeG aks allicceecenaeal le Nezeson| eee a ecard lai ra eI 74.2 102.9 125 Jabteoa|asenealloasoed 100.0 VARIATION OF WATTS WITH V A Mazpa lamp consumes its rated watts only when operated on a circuit of a voltage equal to the rated voltage of the lamp. If the rated lamp voltage is less than the circuit voltage, the watts will be increased and vice versa. The following table shows the relations between circuit voltage, lamp voltage, and watts consumed. OLTAGE FOR MAZDA LAMPS To illustrate the use of the table: Suppose a customer to have a circuit of voltage 112. If he burns 108-volt Mazpa lamps on this circuit their wattage will be 105.9 per cent. of their normal rating (found in the column headed 112 and in the row opposite 108). Similarly if the customer burns 116-volt Mazpa lamps, their watts will be 94.6 per cent. of normal. aS we Voltage of Circuit, Voltage | | | | | of ees 105 106 107 108 | 109 ieay |) alata 112 113 114 LST) 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 | | | | | | | | | 105 100.0 | 101.5 | 103.0 | 104.6 | 106.1 | 107.6 | 109.2 | 110.7 | 112.3 | 113.9 | 115.5 | 106 98.5 | 100.0 | 101.5 | 103.0 | 104.5 | 106.0 | 107.6 | 109.1 | 110.6 | 112.2 | 113.7 | 115.3 | 107 97.1 98.5 | 100.0 | 101.5 | 103.0 | 104.5 | 106.0 | 107.5 | 109.0 | 110.5 | 112.1 | 113.6 | 115.2 108 95.7 OL 98.5 | 100.0 | 101.5 | 103.0 | 104.4 | 105.9 | 107.4 | 108.9 | 110.4 | 112.0 | 113.5.| 115.0 109 94.3 95.7 97.1 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.5 | 102.9 | 104.4 | 105.8 | 107.3 | 108.8 | 110.3 | 111.8 | 113.4 | 114.9 110 92.9 94.3 95.7 97.1 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.5 | 102.9 | 104.4 | 105.8 | 107.3 | 108.8 | 110.2 | 111.7 | 113.2 | 114.8 | stk 91.6 93.0 94.4 95.8 97.2 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.9 | 104.3 | 105.7 | 107.2 | 108.7 | 110.1 | 131.6 | 113.1 | 114.7 112 90.3 91.7 93.0 94.4 95.8 97.2 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.9 | 104.3 | 105.7 | 107.2 | 108.6 | 110.0 | 111.5 113.0 | 114.5 113 89.0 90.4 91.7 93.1 94.4 95.8 er 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.8 | 104.2 | 105.7 | 107.1 | 108.5 | 109.9 | 111.4 | 112.9 | 114.3 | 114 87.8 89.1 | 90.5] 91.8 93.2 94.5 95.9 97.2 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.8 | 104.2 | 105.6 | 107.0 | 108.4 | 109.8 | 111.3 | 112.8 |} 114.2 | 115 86.6 87.9 89.2 90.5 91.8 | 93.2 94.5 95.9 97.3 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.8 | 104.2 | 105.6 | 107.0 | 108.4 | 109.8 | 111.2 } 112.7 | 114.1 Ge ieee, 86.7 88.0 89.3 90.6 91.9 | 93.3 94.6 96.0 97.3 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.7 | 104.1 | 105.5 | 106.9 | 108.3 TOE ey) shila) ala bess Som ee nme Wa linoec de nets 86.8 88.1 89.4 90.7 | 92.0 93.3 94.6 96.0 97.3 98.6 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.7 | 104.1 | 105.5 | 106.8 | 108.2 | 109.6 | 111.0 EES a me Ama eset iy etic all eemiataae 86.9 88.2 89.5 90.8 | 92.1 93.4 94.7 | 96.1 97.4 98.7 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.7 | 104.1 | 105.4 | 106.8 | 108.2 | 109.5 Oe ee Rr a MCR PUI ci on dalla wemsese 87.0 88.3 89.6 90.8 92.1 93.4 94.7 96.1 97.4 98.7 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.7 | 104.0 | 105.4 | 106.7 | 108.1 TO OR ret ercua. 4] ete eae cere conte vail tavrebe ieee | (oN 87.1 88.4 89.7 90.9 92.2 93.5 94.8 96.1 97.4 98.7 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 102.7 | 103.9 | 105.3 | 106.7 121 [etic ese conc | ls renrstraio a Isom went ss | sh ecmeich eked lesanshiatatell esse Fery 87.2 88.5 89.7 91.0 92.2 93.5 94.8 96.1 97.4 98.7 | 100.0 | 101.3 | 102.7 | 103.9 | 105.3 LE esyarercay airs] etace sot aay I Stetaarare ot lor ene setae | eae nana, opet|lertetar heat] etene Gerais 87.3 88.6 89.8 91.1 92.3 93.6 94.9 | 96.1 97.4 98.7 | 100.0 | 101.3 | 102.6 | 103.9 1 | eSeetion oral seers lero er one ||pececeeeren heccth cao || erteatea sees] 87.4 88.7 89.9 91.2 | 92.4 93.7 | 94.9 96.2 97.5 98.7 | 100.0 | 101.3 | 102.6 124 oeeeone na hee eranreeee | | Sam ear gH PER coe Peet Lier Aneel | Steir ery Meee yee a eccisiteicre 87.5 | 88.8 90.0 | 91.3 92.5 93.7 | 94.9 | 96.2] 97.5 98.7 | 100.0 | 101.3 ZO Peters cyotch| esearch erate ch ctall see tcpats cal [fe-ccaswecova ills wrayanactel [Ivica er ereiitiors «ve rea lpaumnrnasaealie ate wicks 87.6 88.9 | 90.1 91.3 92.5 93.7 95.0 96.2 | 97.5 | 98.7 | 100.0 THE STETSON BOSTON PRESS ae, bie Vai eR Ae i ‘