THE 
 PROMOTIONAL WORK 
 OF THE CHURCH 
 
 Report of a Conference 
 Held at Atlantic City, N. J. 
 March 22-24, 1927 
 
 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES 
 OF CHRIST IN AMERICA 
 
 105 East 22nd Street 
 New York City 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 In 2022 with funding from 
 Columbia University Libraries 
 
 https://archive.org/details/promotionalworko00conft 
 
Tuesday Afternoon, Match 22 
 
 The Conference was called to order by Rev. James H. 
 Speer, Associate Secretary of the General Council of the 
 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., who had served as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Arrangements. The roster of the 
 members of the Conference is printed as an appendix of this 
 report. 
 
 After a brief devotional service led by the Chairman, and 
 the presentation of the tentative agenda by the Secretary of 
 the Conference, Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert, an opening 
 address on ““The Basic Principle of Promotion” was delivered 
 by Rev. C. C. Merrill, General Secretary of the Congrega- 
 tional Commission on Missions, in part as follows: 
 
 THE bas iG PRINCIPLE OF PROMOTION 
 
 “For a missionary board to pass upon a schedule of appro- 
 priations and to authorize the expenditure of money is a 
 supreme act of faith. Where is this money coming from? To 
 be sure, some of it is coming from the income on invested 
 funds, which is practically assured, but most of it must come 
 from uncertain sources. Your supreme act of faith is as to 
 what you will get from living donors. 
 
 “The task of promotion is to give substance to this faith. 
 
 “You will see at once that missionary promotion is much 
 more than a task of raising money. In some way there must 
 be within our churches the conviction and the attitude which 
 will lead the membership gladly and spontaneously to make 
 their contributions and thus give reality to the faith of those 
 whom they have charged with the administration of their mis- 
 sionary work. 
 
 Emphasize Life, Not Organization 
 
 “Think what a schedule of appropriation means. It pri- 
 marily means that you are making it possible for living men 
 and women to take the living Gospel of Jesus and make it real 
 to their fellow-men. Other money, gifts to other causes, per- 
 haps you can manage as a matter of mechanical routine. You 
 can heave a deep sigh and say: ‘Well, I suppose I have got to 
 
 3 
 
do it, but I am not sure how much good it will accomplish.’ 
 Not so with money contributed to missions. It ought to be the 
 inevitable outcome of a life that is hid with Christ in God and 
 which therefore spontaneously shares that life with all needy 
 people the world around. 
 
 ‘““A promoter in the business world does not always have a 
 good savor among his fellows. A promoter in the realm of 
 which we are speaking is nothing else and nothing less than 
 a preacher and teacher of Christianity. 
 
 “One fears that we have been somewhat getting away from 
 this idea of promotion in recent years. For one thing, we were 
 dazzled by the successes of the war drives, and the Inter- 
 Church World Movement was conceived partly under the im- 
 pression that through the continuation of the war-drive spirit 
 great sums of money could be obtained and a great advance 
 secured for the work of the Kingdom. For another thing, the 
 Church, almost of necessity, is affected by the atmosphere of 
 the world in which it exists. The present atmosphere is one 
 of big business. It is one of organization. It is one of external 
 efficiency. Hence, unconsciously and almost inevitably, we of 
 the Church have come to put our trust in organization and 
 method. But religion has a method of its own, and the 
 danger, indeed the inevitable outcome, is that, if you do not 
 promote religion in accordance with its own appropriate 
 method, you will lose your religion. 
 
 “The one basic principle of promotion is that all the work 
 of promotion must proceed out of a tremendous religious 
 passion and purpose. 
 
 Missionary Administration 
 
 “Those who administer missionary work are obviously hav- 
 ing to do with what is much more than and much other than 
 a business enterprise. This is the heart of what they have to 
 do, as I see it: they take the interest that the churches have in 
 missions, this interest which is inherent in our religion, be- 
 cause it arises out of the necessity for expressing our Chris- 
 tianity, and try to give it concrete and worthy form. Here 
 is a man who, out of the goodness of his heart, wants to help 
 his brother in Idaho. So he makes a contribution to a mis- 
 sionary society. Now the task of administration is to carry 
 out that man’s intent. It is a high and holy task. I know of 
 scarcely any task that is higher and holier. What a tragedy 
 it is if the task be not performed with some measure of ade- 
 quacy, if an unnecessary amount of the money that this man 
 gives be lost before it gets to the field! 
 
 4 
 
“The world being as it is, there is abroad very real skepti- 
 cism with regard to the administration of missionary funds. 
 I do not believe that that feeling is justified, but I am con- 
 cerned that the ideals which we have as missionary leaders 
 shall be increasingly high and that always we shall be able to 
 look our brothers in the face and say: ‘We are human as you 
 are human, we make mistakes as you make mistakes, but God 
 helping us we are going to have your money go as far as we 
 know how to make it go in accomplishing that for which you 
 give it.’ 
 
 “For one example, it is clear that there is an insistent de- 
 mand that our work be conducted in a way that will advance 
 and not for a moment hinder Protestant church unity. Con- 
 gregationalism is important and we prize it, but, compared 
 with the wider interests of the Kingdom, it is unimportant. 
 Therefore we are glad when the Home Secretary of the 
 American Board says that the missionaries of the Board do 
 not have to send home for permission to engage in a union 
 enterprise, but have standing orders to engage in such enter- 
 prises, or when the General Secretary of the Church Exten- 
 sion Boards makes the statement that they are ‘staunch sup- 
 porters of interdenominational understanding and co-opera- 
 tion.’ Such ideals are helping in a very real way to promote 
 the interest and the support of our missions. Some denomi- 
 nations can doubtless get people to give to their missionary 
 societies, at least in some degree, on the basis of denomina- 
 tional loyalty. That is not a safe basis in the long run. Our 
 constituency will give just about in proportion as they believe 
 in the inherent worth of the thing we are trying to do and 
 in our honesty and efficiency in doing it. We are not to de- 
 pend on the /istory of our missionary societies, nor upon 
 their institutional life. Instead, we are to depend upon the 
 success with which they are carrying out the purpose for 
 which they exist and the purpose of those who are providing 
 them with funds. I dislike to hear any Congregationalist, for 
 example, appealing for money on the ground that it is a Con- 
 gregationalist institution which he is presenting. Let the 
 appeal be made on the ground that the institution or the 
 society or the cause is one which is thoroughly worth support- 
 ing, and let us keep our societies constantly up to such a 
 standard that this appeal can be honestly made. 
 
 The New Umty That Is Ahead 
 
 “Tn the promotion and in the administration of our mis- 
 sionary work there are obvious opportunities for putting one 
 
 5 
 
interest or one point of view over against another interest 
 or another point of view. Take the old division between 
 home and foreign missions. I call it an old division because 
 more and more it is coming to be out-of-date. The deeper 
 students of missions are reaching the absolute conclusion 
 that home missions and foreign missions are so much a unit 
 that only for purposes of convenience are they at times 
 spoken of separately. There was a time when, on account 
 of the lack of interchange between the so-called non-Christian 
 countries and America, the Gospel could be preached in those 
 countries without the hindrance of an America that was only 
 in a very partial way itself Christian. Today, such is the 
 interchange of information through books and papers, and 
 even more through travel, that the status of Christianity in 
 America is one of the most vital factors in any impact that 
 we try to make upon the non-Christian world. On the other 
 hand, the contacts that America has with non-Christian coun- 
 tries are such that, if we are to remain Christian ourselves, 
 we must at least try to persuade these other countries to 
 share Christianity with us. 
 
 “Another possible separation is between what you may 
 call the individual appeal for each society and the combined 
 appeal for all the societies. I think that great progress has 
 been made in doing away with this separation. I think 
 greater progress will be made in the immediate future. Mis- 
 understandings may still arise; there may be creaking of 
 machinery and failures to catch and to exhibit the right 
 spirit. However, increasingly we will develop ways and 
 ineans, and even more we will develop the purpose, by which 
 we will understand that it is a case of each for all and all 
 for each, and that being in the same boat we will reach port 
 or be stranded together. 
 
 “Still another possible separation is between men and 
 women. One of the tremendous meanings of the merger of 
 the boards within several communions is that in missionary 
 work they are going to do away with this separation, even 
 though traces of it may indeed linger. I think the responsi- 
 bility for the success of the merger so far as men and women 
 are concerned rests even more upon the men than upon the 
 women. If we men will give these women a real opportunity 
 to share in the administration of this enterprise and a real 
 opportunity to bring the whole church up to and beyond the 
 degree of interest that our loyal women have had and are 
 having in missions, we can be absolutely sure that the women 
 will not fail. 
 
 6 
 
The Boards and the Churches 
 
 “But there is an even more tragic separation that some- 
 times seems to be made, namely, between the societies on the 
 one hand and the churches whose agents they are on the 
 other, including particularly the pastors of those churches. 
 Perhaps one longs here more than in any other realm for 
 that sympathy and understanding which are absolutely essen- 
 tial if our missionary work is really to succeed. Sympathy 
 and understanding ought to come from churches and pastors. 
 They should realize that because a man is elected to an official 
 position either in the State or in the Nation, it does not essen- 
 tially change his status as a human being. He is still likely 
 to make mistakes, and just so long as human beings adminis- 
 ter missionary work, mistakes will be made. Moreover, the 
 difficulties of the work must be understood, the perplexity of 
 the problems which are confronted, all the bewildering maze 
 of factors that enter into many necessary decisions. More- 
 over, it must be understood that a great deal of the manage- 
 ment of it rests upon unpaid members of boards and com- 
 mittees. 
 
 “But there must also be understanding on the part of those 
 of us who for the moment are in charge of actual adminis- 
 tration and promotion. Constantly we must remember that 
 we are the agents of the churches. Our boards under the 
 control of the churches and we who administer and promote 
 them are nothing but the agents of the churches. In a cer- 
 tain sense they do not belong to us any more than they be- 
 long to the humblest member of the smallest church. For 
 the moment, we are administering and promoting them, but 
 we are doing it simply that the humblest member of the 
 smallest church may have a way of expressing his missionary 
 zeal and passion. 
 
 The Need of Prayer 
 
 “Tn our thinking and in our talking and planning, we can- 
 not divorce the missionary enterprise from the general re- 
 ligious situation that obtains in our churches and in our coun- 
 try. That situation is characterized by the deadly blow given 
 to religion by the war, by the inevitably increasing absorption 
 of people in the vastly heightened fascination of the material 
 world, and by an intellectual note of the hour which is dis- 
 tinctly anti-religious. While we are getting our bearings 
 again, and are, if you please, once more driving down our 
 stakes, there are two things that it seems imperative to do. 
 
 7 
 
“One of these is experimentally to understand once more 
 the value of prayer. With regard to prayer, it is all too 
 true, “This ought ye to have done and not to leave the other 
 undone.’ We have been engaged in thinking through from 
 the intellectual standpoint the problems of our religion. The 
 prevailing note of preaching today is probably of an intel- 
 lectual cast, or else it is of an ethical cast. For along with 
 our effort to think through the problems of religion we have 
 been making a more resolute effort perhaps than any pre- 
 ceding generation, to apply our religion to the life of our 
 day. All this ought we not to have left undone. But in the 
 midst of doing these things one fears that we have allowed 
 the life of that personal fellowship with God which comes 
 through prayer and which was so marked a feature of the 
 earthly life of Jesus, to be submerged and all but lost. One 
 wonders sometimes why those of us who are so concerned 
 that the ethics of Jesus shall be followed in our generation 
 are not equally concerned that what gave dynamic to the 
 ethics of Jesus in His personal life, namely, His keen and 
 vital personal contact with God, and His recourse to prayer, 
 are not equally stressed. 
 
 “Moreover, along with missionary education and mission- 
 ary giving, there must be nothing less than a revival of prayer 
 for missions. I can conceive of nothing that will tend to 
 assure more really the right attitude toward missions than 
 the habit of praying daily for definite missionaries and for 
 definite men who are leading in our missionary work. For 
 I am persuaded that, alongside of prayer as a means of say- 
 ing religion in our day, we must put missions. That is to 
 say, a Christianity that is essentially missionary may be radi- 
 cally liberal on the intellectual side and venturously radical 
 on the ethical side, but it will not essentially go astray, for 
 what we call missions is the heart of our religion. It is the 
 necessary expression of that religion and it is the necessary 
 means by which that religion is kept alive.” 
 
 PREVAILING TRENDS IN PROMOTIONAL WORK 
 
 A symposium on “The Prevailing Trends in the Promo- 
 tional Work of the Various Communions” was held, in which 
 the experience of each communion in the Conference was 
 presented. The general impressions gathered from these in- 
 formal reports may be summarized as follows: 
 
Gains or Losses in Giving 
 
 1. In contrast with the downward tendency in the giving 
 of many of the denominations during the periods following 
 the war, the year 1926 seems to show that most of the com- 
 munions are holding their own in the matter of benevolent 
 giving and in some cases have begun to make small increases. 
 The most conspicuous aspect of the situation is that, during 
 the period while benevolent or missionary giving was de- 
 clining or remaining stationary, the current expenses of local 
 congregations have been increasing greatly. 
 
 Education in Stewardship 
 
 2. During the past year several communions have recorded 
 a decided advance in the cultivation of the ideal of steward- 
 ship, including in some cases new additions to personnel for 
 the specific purpose of educating the constituency along this 
 line. 
 
 The Every-Member Canvass 
 
 3. There appears to be a virtually unanimous agreement 
 upon the importance of the every-member canvass and upon 
 its increasing acceptance by the rank and file of the churches, 
 although it is recognized that there is still much to be desired 
 in the thoroughness with which the canvass is conducted in 
 the average church. While various substitutes have been 
 tried for the personal house-to-house visitation, there is a 
 general feeling that no better method has yet been evolved. 
 
 The Question of Unified Promotion 
 
 4. A general tendency to adhere to the plan of unified 
 promotion which has been developing during the last few 
 years was reported. In several communions the emphasis on 
 unified promotion has had an influence also in bringing about 
 a more unified administration, as illustrated by the consolida- 
 tion of boards among the Disciples, the Presbyterians in the 
 U. S. A., and the Congregationalists. At the same time, a 
 feeling seems to be abroad that with the emphasis on the 
 united budget there has been a tendency to lessen the amount 
 of educational work carried on by the separate boards and 
 thereby to weaken the support of the boards by the churches. 
 
Tuesday Evening, March 22 
 
 Under the general theme, “The Prevailing Trends in 
 Benevolences,” an address was delivered by Rev. Herman 
 C. Weber, Director of Every Member Mobilization of the 
 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., on the present situation 
 in the current missionary and benevolent budgets of the 
 churches. 
 
 PREVAILING TRENDSWN BENPVOEENCES 
 INS TELE GHORGIES 
 
 “Has the giving of the churches kept pace with the in- 
 crease in income throughout the Nation? Quite recently the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NATIONAL INCOME [se 
 
 Tk gy 2 us : Soe Rsk cate & 
 
 — - : . 5 
 : + > 
 ‘a 
 
 
 
 
 
 ANCOME PF POS DOLLARS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PAIGE, T 
 
 
 
 FECEIPYS £1 GS DOLLARS 
 
 NATIONAL INCOME ESTIMATES 
 
 a LCOROMIC RESERICH 
 
 : BUDGET RECEIPTS 
 
 eas Denoniazatons 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GRAPH I 
 10 
 
Bureau of Economic Research provided figures, exhibiting 
 the advance in income of the American people from 1909 to 
 1926, and thus helping us to answer the question. (See 
 Graph I.) 
 
 “Another visualization in the form of a ‘ratio chart’ is also 
 put before you. (Graph II.) It shows graphically the com- 
 parative rate of increase or decrease in giving to budget be- 
 nevolences as reported by various denominational authorities 
 to the United Stewardship Council or to the Federal Council 
 of the Churches. (Note that in a ratio chart the position on 
 the scale has no meaning. What does count is the angle of 
 inclination which shows visually the approximate rate of in- 
 crease or decrease between any two points.) 
 
 
 
 “BUDGET BENEVOLENCE GIVING. 
 Ratio Chart 
 
 6 ose s 2 
 
 Po 
 
 
 
 GRAPH II 
 11 
 
“A glance over this second graph shows three types of 
 lines: first, those which show a general tendency to increase 
 —Southern Methodist, Presbyterian in the U. S. A., Disci- 
 ples, United Lutheran; second, those which show a moderate 
 angle of decrease—United Presbyterian, United Brethren, 
 Presbyterian in the U. S. and Congregational; and, third, 
 those which show a general downward tendency of somewhat 
 threatening nature—Methodist Episcopal, Southern Baptist, 
 Northern Baptist. Unfortunately, several important denomi- 
 nations—in spirit and methods, not in size—have had to be 
 omitted from this graph. 
 
 
 
 Ups and Downs 
 
 “Tt cannot be said with any degree of accuracy that there 
 is a general tendency during the last five or six years pre- 
 dicable of all the larger communions. Some trends are up, 
 some down. Two of the largest bodies, Methodist Episcopal 
 and Southern Baptist, show serious decreases. On the other 
 hand, the Methodist Episcopal, South, the third largest com- 
 munion, apparently reverses the tendency shown in the others. 
 The Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. seems to have dug 
 in at the ten million mark, and the Disciples, while reporting 
 considerably less than in 1925, are still above their previous 
 average. For the year ending in 1926 (at various months 
 for different communions), four out of thirteen communions 
 report decreases, five report increases and four have not yet 
 provided reports. 
 
 “Measuring by bulk of membership, it may, of course, be 
 asserted that the prevailing trend for the church years end- 
 ing somewhere in 1926 was slightly downward, and this 
 downward tendency should have most earnest consideration. 
 The dotted line (in the upper half of Graph II) shows the 
 tendencies of the combined contributions of these bodies. In 
 general, however, the corner in benevolence decline seems to 
 have been turned, and most of the lines have started up. 
 
 “A distinction should be made in discussion between 
 budget expenditures and budget receipts. There seems to 
 have been a general indulgence in 1921 in optimistic expec- 
 tations of budget receipts which were not supported by actual 
 experience of board enterprises; this accounts for many of 
 our present troubles. Doubtless many of the very large debts 
 which are being carried by denominational boards are due to 
 the fact that work was projected on an expected scale of giv- 
 ing which did not eventuate. There were some interesting 
 
 12 
 
experiments with five-year subscriptions which seem to 
 have brought an element of misunderstanding in budget pro- 
 jection. Dr. Barton of the Methodist Church has suggested 
 that in that communion many people who pledged for five 
 years paid up in full in the first and second years, and the 
 projection of expectation of budget receipts on the basis of 
 the inflated receipts of the first and second years was a per- 
 fectly natural but a very fatal mistake. 
 
 “A general view of the graph suggests that the situation in 
 general is not as bad as we might have anticipated, in view 
 of the many debts reported. The purchasing power of the 
 dollar stands somewhere about 59 cents, however, and the 
 total amount of benevolences, impressive as it is, does only 
 sixty per cent of the work it was able to do before the war. 
 
 Reasons for Financial Difficulties 
 
 “An effort is being made now in other quarters to ascertain 
 the reasons which lie behind the current retraction in various 
 communions in contributions, especially to foreign missions, 
 and many interesting reasons from many points of view have 
 been provided. These reasons should have careful considera- 
 tion, not only from the point of view of the foreign mission 
 enterprise, but from that of the whole missionary enterprise 
 of the Church. These may be divided into at least five classes: 
 (1) organizational mistakes, (2) promotional and educational 
 errors or shortcomings, (3) social or sociological considera- 
 tions, (4) economic difficulties, (5) theological and spiritual 
 trouble or confusion. 
 
 ‘First, questions of organization, of budget-making and 
 budget authority, of directional control, overlordship or con- 
 nectional relations have been very acute in some quarters. 
 There has been a challenge of autocracy in leadership all 
 along the line and a tendency to criticize arrangements for 
 the direction of enterprises as well as the demands for sup- 
 port from the supporting element in the Church. Organiza- 
 tional arrangements have been very much debated. Several 
 denominations are experimenting with realignment and there 
 is much confusion and question as to the workability of the 
 many new developments. 
 
 “Second, the whole promotional and educational work of 
 the denominational agencies is under review. On the one 
 hand, there has been a great emphasis on budget-making and 
 budget visualization. Many persons feel that this has become 
 too mechanical, that pastors and churches have used the 
 budget idea for insulating purposes, that centralized boards 
 
 13 
 
or control groups have put obstacles in the way of direct con- 
 tact between board promotional and educational men and the 
 churches. There is also a strong feeling that mission cultiva- 
 tion of the home church is too superficial or, where this has 
 been attempted on a proper scale, it has been too costly. 
 
 “Third, there are social or sociological currents of very 
 strong influence. Young people are questioning the validity 
 of the Christian enterprise. They are doubtless doing it with 
 sincerity and should have their answer. Tourists and business 
 interests are expressing themselves very freely in connection 
 with the important news of the day from the East, as to the 
 value and .results of foreign mission enterprises especially, 
 but educational and relief work at home is also coming into 
 question as part of the current movement for the reappraisal 
 of all our institutions. The political nationalism of the 
 moment which suggests to the American mind complete 
 divorce from world questions or particularly from world 
 movements, doubtless has its repercussion in the churches. 
 Community chests, local campaigns and local institutions, 
 such as hospitals, are making many and growing demands. 
 
 “Fourth, there are economic difficulties which need to be 
 carefully studied. The current slump in agricultural sections, 
 or perhaps more important still the psychological background 
 in the rural areas, must have some profound effect on giving. 
 Some of our communions are largely rural and their lines of 
 giving may be especially affected by this one class of influence. 
 In rural districts, there is a new type of church activity 
 emerging. Until the full effect of automobile transportation 
 and radio influences is discovered, the process of change in 
 rural districts will continue and will be confusing. While the 
 general prosperity of the country has been extraordinary, 
 some students have thought that the middle classes, which are 
 on salaries and which possibly are the main support of 
 churches, have not had the advance in income which other 
 classes have enjoyed, and it is also possible that the increase 
 in the use of luxuries, self-indulgence and the selfishness 
 which is the mark of the times, have affected the giving of 
 many people in the Church. 
 
 “Fifth, it is claamed by many that the controversial period 
 in which the Church has found itself has made for retraction 
 in giving. There has been acrimonious controversy in not a 
 few quarters with ill will and misunderstanding. There have 
 been great changes in religious thinking and a general feeling 
 that many sanctions in religious life and belief have weak- 
 ened. A questioning of the whole approach and procedure of 
 missionary enterprises has been widespread. 
 
 14 
 
The Primary Need—Vision! 
 
 “These are, very roughly speaking, some of the reasons 
 which may lie behind reduced giving to benevolences in 
 many quarters. Inasmuch as the experience of all the denom- 
 inations is not apparently identical, separate analyses and 
 discussions are indicated for all the groupings. In general, 
 however, it may be said that what is needed. for the immedi- 
 ate future is a greater vision. This would mean, in the educa- 
 tional and, promotional field, a stressing of needs, resources, 
 personalities and love as possibly contrasted with mechanics, 
 organization, business and routine, a tremendous striving for 
 some sanction that can be not only felt by, but expressed to, 
 the modern mind in terms of faith and conviction; and a 
 clear-headed and clear-sighted facing of the actual situation 
 in which the churches live and move and have their being. 
 
 “IT am not sure but what this last is of first importance. As 
 a matter of fact, our churches are organized ona very defec- 
 tive basis. In the Presbyterian Church, the most conservative 
 estimate indicates that out of 1,900,000 people only 600,000 
 are actually supporting in any reasonable or any thoughtful 
 way the benevolent enterprises of the Church. The Treasurer 
 of the World Service enterprise of the Methodist Church, I 
 understand, reported recently that only two*million out of 
 five million Methodists were supporting the World Service 
 project. This seems to be the general situation in all the 
 larger communions. What is needed is a fresh emphasis on 
 the every-member plan of the functioning of the churches. 
 This is certainly required, if the long-expected spiritual and 
 missionary: revival is to appear.”’ 
 
 PREVAILING TRENDS IN’ PUBLIC GIVING 
 
 The prevailing trends in benevolence in the general social 
 and philanthropic interests of the community were discussed 
 in an address by Mr.. Pierce Williams, Secretary of the 
 American Association for Community Organization, as 
 follows: 
 
 “The Association I represent is the national clearing-house 
 for information about the community chest movement. There 
 are now 300 of these organizations functioning in the United 
 States and Canada. 
 
 “Figures recently compiled by our association indicate that 
 the trend in giving to secular charitable work through com- 
 munity chests may be, if not downward during the next few 
 
 1 
 
 unr 
 
years, at least not upward. Here are some figures compiled 
 from the experience of 68 community chests that have been 
 in operation for five years. 
 
 Raised for 1923, $29,666,618 
 
 Raised for 1924, 31,940,774, Increase $2,274,156, or 7.6 percent 
 Raised for 1925, 33,009,445, Increase 1,068,671, or 3.3 percent 
 Raised for 1926, 34,933,143, Increase 1,923,698, or 5.8 percent 
 Raised for 1927, 35,387,627, Increase 454,484, or 1.3 percent 
 
 “T have no data on which to hazard a guess as to the reason 
 for this small increase of 1927 over 1926. It is certainly true 
 that competition from religious and educational appeals is 
 increasing in all of our community chest cities. A few years 
 ago, the community chest had a practical monopoly of an 
 exceedingly efficient technique of money-raising. Now, that 
 same technique, with its intensively organized personal solici- 
 tations, expert publicity, etc., is being used by religious bodies, 
 by colleges and other charitable institutions. 
 
 “Tf current contributions to secular charitable organiza- 
 tions are to remain stationary for a few years to come, and 
 if the activities of our secular charitable agencies are to 
 expand in keeping with the growth in population and com- 
 plexity of our cities, it is evident that increased income must 
 be found in other sources. Increased tax support for volun- 
 tary charitable work will probably be hard to get. Charitable 
 organizations may find themselves justified in making charges 
 in certain cases for the services they render. Endowment 
 funds will, however, doubtless be the source of financial sup- 
 port, which community chests will concentrate upon in the 
 hope of finding increased current income for community 
 work. 
 
 “What are the important factors in building up endow- 
 ments for secular philanthropy? I think the problem depends 
 for its solution upon the use of sound principles, and the 
 application of a sound technique. The problem might be 
 stated as the ‘Socialization of Wealth.’ And this term, I 
 believe, applies equally to the different forms of charity, 
 whether religious, educational, or secular. Individually 
 acquired wealth is piling up rapidly in the United States. It 
 will be used either for private gratification or for the public 
 welfare. It is relatively easy to obtain money for the public 
 welfare in this country, because of our religious attitudes. 
 The acquisition of wealth in the United States means indi- 
 vidual discipline and self-denial, militating against lavish per- 
 sonal expenditure after the wealth is acquired. Our Puritan 
 traditions are still strong enough to exercise a potent influ- 
 ence in curbing extravagance in living. 
 
 16 
 
“In our efforts at getting privately acquired wealth trans- 
 formed into endowments for the public welfare, it is im- 
 portant for all of us, whether religious administrators, educa- 
 tional financiers, or social workers, to appreciate that we are 
 partners in a common enterprise. Our natural tendency is to 
 think of ourselves as belonging in separate categories of pub- 
 lic activity. I doubt, however, if the man of wealth makes 
 this distinction between us. More and more we use the same 
 methods in approaching him for large gifts. Whether the 
 object for which his money is to be used is religious, educa- 
 tional, or purely secular, my opinion is that he thinks of us 
 as aiming more or less at the same goal. 
 
 “We have an interest, therefore, in seeing that people of 
 wealth and public spirit are encouraged to think of their 
 wealth as a public trust. This is not enough, however. We 
 must not overlook the fact that legal instruments are just as 
 necessary in transforming private wealth into public endow- 
 ments as is goodwill on the part of the prospective donor, 
 and integrity on the part of the person seeking the gift. 
 
 “The prospective donor is not likely to make a large gift 
 until he has consulted his lawyer. More and more is he 
 likely to consult another individual, the trust officer of his 
 bank or trust company. It is important, therefore, that 
 lawyers and trust company officials be sympathetic and in- 
 telligently informed about our aims and methods. 
 
 “Tt is too often assumed that all that is necessary in getting 
 an individual of wealth to transfer some of it to the public 
 use is a worth-while charitable object and a willingness on 
 the part of the donor to endow that object. And our court 
 records are full of cases where an inexpertly drawn instru- 
 ment of trust, instead of serving as a means of promoting 
 the public welfare, became an engine of mutual distrust, even 
 of hatred, frequently of disillusionment on the part of those 
 the gift was intended to benefit. 
 
 “This leads me to a consideration of the Community 
 Trust, or Community Foundation idea. This type of founda- 
 tion for the permanent endowment of charitable work was 
 based on the conviction that individuals would as willingly 
 pool gifts of capital in a common fund, as they pool their 
 annual contributions for the support of secular charitable 
 work in their local community chest. The first application 
 of the Community Foundation idea was in Cleveland. In 
 that city, in 1914, Judge Goff had the Cleveland Trust Com- 
 pany adopt a declaration of trust by which property could 
 be turned over to the trust company, in trust, the income, or 
 
 17 
 
principal, to be applied to the public welfare. Such funds 
 were, in general, to be left undesignated, except as compre- 
 hended within the general interpretation of the term ‘com- 
 munity welfare. Thus the danger of the ‘dead hand’ in 
 charity was to be eliminated. The objects for which available 
 income was to be spent were to be chosen, periodically, by a 
 representative committee, appointed in a manner laid down 
 by the declaration of trust. 
 
 “The Cleveland Community Trust was, within the ensu: 
 ing ten years, imitated in approximately fifty American 
 cities. The undeniable fact is, however, that notwithstanding 
 the high hopes entertained for this particular social device, 
 it has failed to yield any considerable dividends in the form 
 of public welfare. 
 
 “The reasons for this failure are apparent when one 
 analyzes the legal instrument through which the community 
 welfare was to be promoted. 
 
 “In the first place, the plan, as originally applied, came to 
 be identified usually with some one trust company in a given 
 city. Rightly or wrongly, when one trust company had “gotten 
 the jump’ on its competitors and adopted the declaration of 
 trust in favor of the community trust, the other trust com- 
 panies failed to support it. 
 
 “The idea, as so far applied, is weak in other respects. 
 It never became dynamic, because there was no board im- 
 bued with the idea that it must (a) make a program of pro- 
 jects through which the community welfare might be pro- 
 moted; (b) actively solicit generous gifts of capital from 
 public-spirited citizens. 
 
 “The fact is that, of 55 community trusts now in existence, 
 less than twenty have received any endowments whatever. 
 In fact, the only ones that appear to be functioning actively 
 and distributing income regularly for community welfare 
 purposes, are those in New York, Chicago, Boston, Buffalo, 
 Youngstown and Indianapolis. At present, the interest in 
 the community trust plan seems dormant. In the 55 cities 
 where community trusts have been provided for, there must 
 be several hundred trust companies. Less than 100 of them 
 have so far adopted the declaration of trust, enabling them 
 to accept trusts for the community welfare, as provided for 
 in Judge Goff’s original document. 
 
 ‘There is another distinct weakness in the community trust 
 idea, as applied in these 55 cities. That weakness vitally con- 
 cerns those of you who are concerned with religious work. 
 The terms of the community trust instrument, in practically 
 
 18 
 
all cases, limit the use of income to that community, and to 
 secular purposes. The lack of uniformity between the instru- 
 ments adopted in these 55 cities is also a disadvantage. 
 
 “But a properly drawn legal instrument, capable of serv- 
 ing as a social device for putting privately acquired wealth 
 to work for the public welfare, is badly needed. Such an 
 instrument would be, in fact, a basis upon which a charitable 
 object and the money to promote that charitable purpose, 
 could be brought together for effective partnership. Many 
 of us who have studied it, believe the Uniform Trust for 
 Public Uses is the instrument needed. This instrument is so 
 drawn that a few strokes of the pen and a gift will trans- 
 form the instrument into a personal contract between the 
 giver, as a public benefactor, and his bank, as trustee for 
 the desired public benefaction. If this public benefactor de- 
 sires to leave his gift undesignated as to the use of income, 
 on the understanding that it will be devoted to the welfare of 
 the citizens of a given place, he may do so, for the Uniform 
 Trust provides a way in which the objects will be periodically 
 chosen by a properly constituted and representative com- 
 mittee. And, unlike the community trust instrument now 
 effective in 55 cities, the Uniform Trust can be utilized for 
 gifts to religious institutions, no matter where they may be 
 situated. The essential step is, however, that the Uniform 
 Trust must first be adopted by a bank or trust company be- 
 fore it is in position to accept gifts in trust under the all- 
 embracing terms of the instrument.” 
 
 Comment from the Floor 
 
 “Information concerning the present trends in legacies 
 would also be of much service. Can we find out whether the 
 people are bequeathing more or less to religious and charit- 
 able enterprises ?”—C. H. Baker. 
 
 Niepsieroyee. lershon, secretary of the Trust Com- 
 pany Division of the American Bankers’ Association, offered 
 his services in helping to secure at least some measure of 
 information on the subject.* 
 
 
 
 * The various papers presented at the Conference on Financial and Fiduciary 
 Matters, held simultaneously with the Conference on Promotional Work, are printed 
 in a volume entitled, ‘““Cooperation in Fiduciary Service,” price $1.50, which may 
 be secured from the Federal Council of the Churches. 
 
 19 
 
Wednesday Morning, March 23 
 
 A discussion on the general theme, “Organizing the Field,” 
 was opened by Rev. W. E. Lampe, Secretary of the Execu- 
 tive Committee of the General Synod of the Reformed 
 Church in the U. S. Dr. Lampe said in substance: 
 
 ORGANIZING THE FIELD 
 
 “In the Reformed body the key unit with which the 
 national organization deals is the next larger unit than the 
 local congregation, 1. e., the classis (corresponding to the 
 presbytery in the Presbyterian Church or the Annual Con- 
 ference in the Methodist) of which there are 60 in the de- 
 nomination. The Reformed Church has not succeeded so 
 well in securing the co-operation of the larger unit, the synod, 
 which meets only once a year and whose meetings are largely 
 inspirational in character. The synod has a committeee made 
 up of the chairmen of the committees in the classes, which 
 meets once a year, but it is the promotional committee in each 
 classis which is the agency on which chief reliance is placed. 
 
 “The promotional committee in the classis, usually called 
 ‘the missionary and stewardship committee,’ has the respon- 
 sibility of keeping the local churches constantly interested in 
 the missionary program, in stewardship education and in 
 methods of raising the budgets of the Church. The com- 
 mittee ordinarily meets three or four times a year. Its mem- 
 bers are not chosen to represent specific interests, such as 
 home or foreign missions, but because of their general con- 
 cern for the whole program of the Church. 
 
 “Each year a two-day meeting of all the chairmen of the 
 classical committees is held. To this body the General Synod 
 has delegated the authority of distributing the budget among 
 the various classes and allocating the respective amounts. 
 
 “The classical committee keeps in touch with the local con- 
 gregation by correspondence, trying to hold it up to its re- 
 sponsibility. Many of the committees publish multigraphed 
 or printed bulletins which are sent to the local churches in 
 their areas, reporting the progress of the various churches 
 and giving other information that will be helpful. The chair- 
 man of each classical committee sends to the national office 
 copies of all its publications and letters, which are forwarded 
 from the national office to all the other chairmen for their 
 stimulating and suggestive value. 
 
 20 
 
“Fach month, the receipts from the various classes are 
 printed, showing the accepted apportionment of each and 
 what has been received from each to date. This is sent to 
 every pastor, secretary of the consistory and treasurer of 
 the local congregation. 
 
 “The expenses of the classical committee are included in 
 the budget of the classis, except the expenses of the chairman 
 when attending the annual meeting for the allocation of the 
 budgets. This expense is met by General Synod.” 
 
 In the discussion, it was pointed out that, in several other 
 denominations, the state organization, rather than the smaller 
 unit, furnishes the more important point of contact between 
 the local church and the national organization. This was 
 found to be true in the case at least of the Baptists and the 
 Congregationalists. It was reported that the Baptists are 
 sending out more and more of their material through the 
 state convention and that the state superintendents are giv- 
 ing much of their time to promotional work. The Congre- 
 gationalists also show a similar tendency to magnify the place 
 of the state association. In the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 the country is divided into twenty-one areas, each under a 
 bishop, and more and more the responsibility for general 
 promotion is being placed upon the area organization. The 
 district, composed of from thirty to sixty churches under a 
 district superintendent, is the working unit, however, for 
 closer contact with the local church. Each district has a com- 
 mittee responsible for stewardship, every-member promotion, 
 etc. 
 
 The Southern Presbyterian Church emphasizes maintain- 
 ing an unbroken contact from the General Assembly through 
 the synod to the presbytery and through the presbytery to 
 the local church, each of which bodies has a stewardship com- 
 mittee. The Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. theoretically 
 has such a straight line from top to bottom, but regards the 
 chairman of the presbyterial committee as the key to the 
 situation. In the Protestant Episcopal Church there is a 
 field department in each diocese, corresponding to the Field 
 Department in the National Council, and an executive secre- 
 tary, who is a liaison officer between the diocese and the 
 National Council. 
 
 ORGANIZING THE «LOCAL. CHURCH 
 
 A discussion on the theme, “What kind of organization can 
 be projected in the local church to give better support to the 
 benevolent and missionary program?” was opened by Rev. 
 
 21 
 
R. J. Wade, Executive Secretary, World Service Agencies 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who spoke in substance 
 as follows: 
 
 “At the present time, it is the women’s organization in the 
 local church which is undoubtedly the most efficient agency 
 in behalf of the missionary program. There ought to be a 
 responsible group representing the local church as a whole, 
 just as interested and as well informed as the women now 
 are. The big problem is the enlistment of the interest and 
 energy of the laymen, a majority of whom, it has to be 
 admitted, are seriously uninformed and uninterested. At the 
 present time, only about one-third of the members of the 
 church are helping to carry the missionary and benevolent 
 budget. 
 
 “The Methodist Episcopal Church has begun this year to 
 try to develop in each local congregation a ‘World Service 
 Council,’ as the agency through which the missionary and 
 benevolent program of the denomination will be kept before 
 the people. It is suggested that this World Service Council 
 be composed of all contributors to the World Service pro- 
 gram, women as well as men, even though they have a 
 separate organization. It is expected to have a chairman (a 
 layman), a treasurer and four departments—Stewardship, 
 Missionary Education, Literature, Finance, as described in 
 the World Service Manual, issued by the Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Ill. This Manual out- 
 lines the duties of each department and gives concrete illus- 
 trations of the best experience of local churches in carrying 
 them out. 
 
 “About 2,000 local churches within the last few months 
 have organized along this line. The World Service head- 
 quarters keeps record of the chairman of each local World 
 Service Council, and also the chairmen of its various depart- 
 ments.” 
 
 In the ensuing discussion, it appeared that several other 
 denominations have tried to develop some form of missionary 
 committee in the local church, with varying degrees of suc- 
 cess. In general, it has been found that the pastor is the key 
 to the situation and that, if he is not genuinely interested, it 
 is exceedingly hard to get an efficient handling of the mis- 
 sionary problem. 
 
 Comment 
 
 “We need to consider whether our churches are not rather 
 over-organized. The Disciples have been trying to: make a 
 
 22 
 
direct approach to the laymen through conducting a large 
 number of laymen’s conferences, using ior this purpose the 
 six men in charge of the regional areas and also missionaries 
 on furlough.’—H. B. McCormick. 
 
 “We ought not to ask the local church to organize in order 
 to give us something, we ought rather to help the church to 
 render a better service. Whatever committee is organized 
 snould have in mind the whole function of the church. The 
 women’s organizations have unconsciously done harm to the 
 cause of missions by letting the church as a whole feel that 
 they would care for the missionary responsibility..—Guy L. 
 Morrill. 
 
 “The women’s organizations have developed only because 
 the women were not recognized and built into the general 
 program of the church. They are anxious only to make 
 their largest contribution to the total cause.”"—Mrs. Westfall 
 and Mrs. Johnson. 
 
 Wednesday Afternoon, March 23 
 
 The general theme, “Unity with Diversity,’ was opened 
 by the Rev. H. B. McCormick, Promotional Secretary of 
 the United Christian Missionary Society, who discussed more 
 specifically the following questions: “1. How far do persons 
 with specialized responsibility in a single board succeed in 
 presenting the entire task of the Church? How far do per- 
 sons with general responsibilities for the total work of the 
 Church succeed in presenting concrete needs vividly and 
 arrestingly? 2. How may the interests and appeals of a 
 single board best be combined with the loyal support of the 
 unified program of all the boards, so as to secure the largest 
 giving for the whole work of the Church? 3. What has been 
 the effect of the whole emphasis on budget-making and 
 budget-raising upon the development of a missionary-minded 
 Church ?” 
 
 The substance of Mr. McCormick’s presentation was as 
 follows: 
 
 EN yea Tire DPV ERSTE Y: 
 
 “If we become impatient with the present situation, let us 
 remember that it has come about as a means of remedyingsome 
 very grave difficulties which arose out of the former inde- 
 pendent promotion by the separate boards. In seeking to 
 attain a needed measure of unity, there are two possibilities: 
 
 “a. Unified promotion, which leaves untouched the ques- 
 tions of administration. The boards get together only to the 
 
 23 
 
extent of agreeing upon a total budget and the presentation 
 of it as a unit. This sometimes has the handicap of not 
 affording a permanent and well-established arrangement, 
 which can be counted on from year to year. Too frequent 
 changes in the form of organizauon and approach to the 
 churches are disastrous. 
 
 “bh. Unified administration as well as promotion, which has 
 been the tendency in some of the denominations. In the Dis- 
 ciples, the United Christian Missionary Society is a com- 
 bination of six former boards. To bring about such mergers 
 is difficult, because of the long and honorable history of the 
 separate boards and their fear that their interests may not 
 be so fully served under the united administration. Once 
 convince them, however, that this fear is groundless, and 
 union is possible. 
 
 ‘Nobody can hope to present the entire task of the Church 
 at one time. To attempt it is only to create the impression 
 that the task must be small, else one person could not present 
 the whole. Even if one person could do it, an audience could 
 not grasp such a wide range of material presented in a single 
 address. What can be done, however, is to make an audience 
 see what one missionary does, and thus give it a symbol 
 of the movement as a whole. 
 
 “The necessity for persistent education as to concrete needs 
 and achievements cannot be exaggerated. As someone has 
 said, ‘We over-estimate people’s information; we under- 
 estimate their intelligence.’ 
 
 “The budget plan is good and we cannot get along without 
 it. We must have orderly processes and business-like meth- 
 ods. We must guard, however, against letting the budget be 
 regarded as an adequate measure of the Church’s respon- 
 sibility or the world’s need. To send down a small quota is 
 to foster the impression that not much in the way of vision 
 and passion 1s called for. It is like trying to devise quotas 
 for mother’s love. Dr. North’s article, ‘No Substitute for 
 the Missionary Passion,’ printed in the [ternational Review 
 of Missions, is timely. It is to be feared that budgets have 
 become a substitute for missionary passion in the minds of 
 some of our people. 
 
 “The boards and their secretaries have been criticized so 
 much that they are too timid about projecting big plans. They 
 ought to go forward courageously and not be ashamed to 
 ask directly for money. If we secure a man’s money, we 
 will be securing his vital interest at the same time, for 
 ‘where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.’ ”’ 
 
 24 
 
The following points were brought out in the discussion: 
 
 1. “The budget process is in danger of killing the mis- 
 sionary outlook of the Church. The Church was more mis- 
 sionary-minded before we had the budget plan than it is now. 
 Interest has been deflected from the Chinese, the Japanese, 
 etc., to rows of figures. The budget plan has had the effect 
 of shutting out the representatives of the boards from the 
 churches, on the ground that the boards were being cared 
 for in the quota, while at the same time the extra-budget 
 causes promoted by various organizations outside the Church 
 itself have been allowed to come in and, by their effective 
 presentations, to secure the money which ought to have gone 
 to the missionary boards of the Church. We must have much 
 more education in our churches as to what our program is all 
 about. We ought not to applaud the Church for meeting its 
 quota when its quota is altogether too small. Such considera- 
 tions as these force us to some sort of decentralization.”’— 
 Dr. Schell, supported by F. I. Johnson and Miss McKay. 
 
 2. “The experience described by Dr. Schall as true of sev- 
 eral of the denominations has not been true of the Congre- 
 gationalists.’”—C. C. Merrill. 
 
 3. “Under wartime psychology, people did give to meet 
 a quota, but that day is gone. They now insist on knowing 
 exactly what their money is going to do. This requires con- 
 stant educational processes by the boards. Moreover, they 
 must not allow themselves to yield to the temptation of set- 
 ting the churches’ standard on the level of the provincial out- 
 look of the average man.”—Mr. Potter. 
 
 4. “We must not blame the budget system alone for 
 results which have been due to other and more deep-seated 
 causes. The decline in giving is doubtless due more to the 
 general tendency to spend lavishly on luxuries than to any 
 particular method of raising funds.”—Dr. Ingham. 
 
 5. “The trouble is not with the budget plan, as such, but 
 with the way we are allowing it to be used. Many pastors 
 hide behind it as a means of protecting their people from 
 appeals which would induce them to give more generously. 
 We ought not to give up the budget plan, but rather to free 
 it from abuses.”—Dr. King. 
 
 6. “Let us introduce more of the project method into our 
 promotion, in order to secure concreteness and definiteness in 
 our missionary appeal. The Congregationalists are trying to 
 projectify the budgets of all the boards and to get each state 
 to take a number of specific projects which total in financial 
 
 2 
 
 on 
 
figures the amount which it has been accustomed to give.”— 
 
 Mr. Leiper: 
 
 The discussion on the theme, “By-Products of Promotional 
 Work,” was opened by Rev. Jay S. Stowell, Publicity Secre- 
 tary of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions, 
 who spoke in substance as_ follows: 
 
 BY-PRODUCTS OF EDUCATIONAL WORK 
 
 “Certain deep changes in religious conditions have been 
 affecting all our giving and all our promotional work, such 
 as the following: 
 
 “a. The idea of religious proselytizing is under question. 
 The newspapers and magazines especially reinforce this trend. 
 People are not so certain about the absoluteness of their 
 Christian convictions as they once were. 
 
 “b. Many people do not have the same sense of sin that 
 used to prevail. There is a feeling that people cannot be 
 divided sharply into the saved and the lost. 
 
 “c. There is uncertainty as to what Christianity is. 
 
 “d. The authority of Biblical texts as arguments for mis- 
 sions has been considerably weakened in the thinking~ of 
 many. 
 
 “e. The smug self-complacency of Christendom has been 
 shaken until we are much less certain whether we have very 
 much to give the other peoples. 
 
 “In addition to the things which we have set out to do 
 through our missionary promotion, there are other things 
 which have happened which we never consciously intended 
 to do. Our emphasis upon the dire needs of other people 
 has tended to create the idea that they do not have any real 
 eT We have relied too much upon: 
 
 “a. The motive of fear, picturing the menace of unamer- 
 icanized aliens, etc. © 
 
 “bh. The motive of pity, always harping on the log cabin 
 of the mountaineer, the witch-doctor of Africa, etc. Thus 
 we have fostered the impression that we are superior to all 
 other peoples and have broken down respect for them. We 
 ought to adopt a settled policy that we will say nothing in 
 print or in our addresses that we would not have gladly go 
 back to the people of whom we talk and whom we seek to 
 serve. The day of home missions as a charity is done, but 
 as a program for making America Christian it is just at the 
 beginning of the biggest era it has ever had. 
 
 26 
 
“Moreover, we have talked so much about ‘groups’ (for- 
 eigners, mountaineers, Mexicans, etc.) that we have both 
 built up fictions about them and exploited them. A perusal 
 of fifty-two leaflets published by mission boards showed that 
 17 dealt with the American Indians, and yet there are only 
 200,000 of them in the United States! 
 
 “We need to get over thinking about the people to be served 
 in terms of types and groups. As a matter of fact, millions 
 of white American boys and girls all over the country are 
 themselves outside of organized religious influences and 
 ought to be regarded as definitely within the range of our 
 modern home missionary endeavor.” 
 
 Comment 
 
 “It is doubtless easier to get money by appealing to the 
 more superficial motives, such as “Americanizing” the immi- 
 grant, than by encouraging our people to see that the immi- 
 grant can make a real contribution to our total life. We 
 have found in the Federal Council’s work in behalf of the 
 Orthodox Churches of the Near East that it is far easier to 
 get support for churches which are pictured as struggling and 
 in dire need than to build up an intelligent support based on 
 the policy of working with them.”—Kenneth Miller. 
 
 “We ought to think of the effects of our promotion not 
 only upon those to whom we give, but also upon those who 
 do the giving. Too often we lay so much emphasis on getting 
 a man’s money that his giving has no spiritual value in his 
 own life. It is worth while to consider what are the by- 
 products of high-power drives and campaigns. If we secure 
 a man’s money, but leave no spiritual deposit, have we really 
 done religious work?’—Dr. Morrill and Dr. McCormick. 
 
 “If we are to have real missionary achievement, we must 
 have a stronger conviction than many of our people have 
 as to the uniqueness of Christianity among the religions of 
 the world:’—F. I. Johnson. 
 
 Thursday Evening, March 23 
 
 Under “Co-operating with the Press,’ the contacts of the 
 Church with the daily press were discussed by Mr. Edward 
 McKernon, Superintendent of the Eastern Division of the 
 Associated Press, who spoke in part as follows: 
 
 LY: 
 
THE CHURCH SAND) SUE Ha D ALIS epee 
 
 “In discussing what publicity representatives of the 
 churches should have in mind in approaching the press, I 
 shall not lay down any fixed rules, but rather deal in prin- 
 ciples. The fundamental principle is that newspapers are 
 published to sell. In the absence of endowed newspapers, 
 no way has yet been found to maintain the publication of a 
 newspaper that no one will buy. Nothing is more futile than 
 to regard a publication as something wholly distinct from 
 other business enterprises and with a mission to fulfil with- 
 out respect to practical considerations. 
 
 “Having said this, I make haste to add that this situation 
 does not excuse yellow publicity. The material prosperity of 
 hundreds of newspapers that in their conduct are above re- 
 proach, is the best evidence that honesty and decency in 
 journalism are not only possible, but profitable. But the 
 newspaper must not outrun its public, and with the high- 
 minded journalist it is always a compromise between his 
 ideals and practical considerations. This you must keep in 
 mind, if you are to deal honestly and understandingly with 
 the press. 
 
 “It is my observation that the activities of the churches 
 are receiving ten times as much publicity today as they did 
 twenty years ago. This has been due, in large part, to the 
 employment by the churches of publicity representatives. You 
 have proved very useful to the press. You tell us not only 
 what the bishop said, but what he meant to say! About the 
 best publicity work which is now being done is that of the 
 churches. 
 
 “Because of your expert knowledge of church affairs, you 
 are able to point out to editors and the public the significance 
 of religious developments that otherwise might be lost. You 
 have educated many editors to a better appreciation of the 
 strictly news value of church news. In my own experience, 
 I have seen the space in our report given to minor crimes 
 decreased by sixty per cent, with a corresponding increase in 
 the room devoted to religious matters and the activities of 
 colleges and welfare societies. 
 
 “The result has been greatly to improve the character of 
 the religious matter printed, with a corresponding awakening 
 on the part of the public to the interest that this matter, 
 properly presented, contains. Now the secret of all this is that 
 you have a policy of news honesty. You ask for newspaper 
 space on the basis of the news interest of the matter which 
 
 28 
 
you have to offer. In the old days, the churches sought to 
 use the newspapers as a vehicle for propaganda, and they 
 exerted all the influence they had to persuade editors ‘to print 
 this or that because, according to their ideas, it was some- 
 thing that the people ought to read. Now you make it your 
 business to develop what is generally interesting in the activi- 
 ties of the churches and present this matter, not apologeti- 
 cally, but boldly in the name of news, and it is printed, as it 
 ought to be. 
 
 “And from your experience I believe you will agree with 
 me that religious news, like other news, should be required to 
 stand on its own legs. The editor may say what he will on 
 the editorial page, and propaganda that is frankly propa- 
 ganda has its place. But the strictly news columns belong 
 to the man who has paid two or three cents for a newspaper, 
 and he has a right to expect to find in these columns a pic- 
 ture of the world, uninfluenced by any consideration other 
 than the purpose of the editor to tell him what is. 
 
 “In recent years there has been a radical change in the 
 estimation of news values. Today we are carrying on our 
 wires matter that, when I began newspaper work, would have 
 been thrown into the wastebasket unread. On the other hand, 
 a broader view of journalism has influenced the discarding 
 of much once held important. 
 
 “T take pleasure in hitting on the head a sacred cow that 
 too long has grazed in newspaper offices. It is the tradition 
 that the definition of news is the exceptional or freakish. 
 Every newspaperman is familiar with the witty illustration 
 of this theory: If a dog bites a man, that is not news; but 
 if a man were to bite a dog, that would be news. 
 
 “That was quite true once when, with their limited re- 
 sources, about the best the newspapers could do was to 
 record the exceptions that proved the rule. This resulted 
 in a very wide knowledge of the things that usually were 
 not, and a profound ignorance, on the part of the public, of 
 the fundamentals of the social order. It made it easy for 
 the more clever politicians not only to lead the electorate to 
 water, but to make it drink. It did worse. It created artificial 
 values and false standards. It encouraged hypocrisy. By 
 placing a premium on the sensational and grotesque, it 
 tempted every notoriety-seeking politician, actor, judge and 
 clergyman to make a fool of himself, in the hope of getting 
 on the front page. 
 
 “The rule no longer holds with those who appeal to the 
 intelligence of the community. Such recognize that the first 
 
 29 
 
duty of journalism is to report that which has significance. 
 Daily the Associated Press surveys the universe and deliber- 
 ately selects from its manifold happenings such events as are 
 significant of the society of today. Then it groups these 
 events with a proper sense of proportion in order that the 
 newspaper reader may have a correct picture of things as 
 they are—the one sure foundation for straight thinking. And 
 in straight thinking will be found the hope of free govern- 
 ment. 
 
 “Today, if a man bit a dog, he would be thrown into an 
 ambulance and taken to the psychopathic ward of some hos- 
 pital for observation. The affair would be of much concern 
 to him and to his family, if he had one, but its news value 
 would be small. On the other hand, when a dog bites a man 
 or another dog, it is news of importance to every person, 
 particularly every dog-owner, within a hundred miles. 
 
 “The most serious indictment of yellow publicity is not 
 that it is undignified and silly, often cruel and shameless and 
 appeals to the worst that is in’ us, but that it falsifies society 
 and distorts the mental vision at a time when democracy is 
 being put to the test through a demonstration of whether a 
 free people can rule itself.” 
 
 Rev. G. Warfield Hobbs, Director of Publicity for the 
 National Council of the Protestant Episcopal Church, spoke 
 upon the general question of publicity through the Church’s 
 own channels. The substance of his address was as follows: 
 
 PUBEICUD ValNeW ie Chine rs 
 
 “The holding of the three simultaneous conferences on 
 finance, promotion and publicity is a happy illustration of the 
 solidarity that ought to characterize these three phases of 
 the Church’s work. Together they constitute a unit. Neither 
 the financial nor the promotional tasks can be achieved with- 
 out a proper attention to publicity. The financial, the pro- 
 motional and the publicity departments are the three partners 
 on whom the whole program of the Church, in evangelism, 
 religious education, social service, etc., must rely. 
 
 “We face something like a conspiracy of silence on the 
 subject of religion. The word of mouth is not sufficient 
 alone to break down this conspiracy. An intelligent use of 
 printer’s ink is called for. This can become a great mission- 
 ary for the Church. 
 
 30 
 
“The basis of success today in any business realm seems 
 to be the flinging of oneself into the business. That is true 
 until we come to the business of the Church. Then, men 
 seem to be adorning pews which ought to be converted from 
 lounges into work benches. We need something like an 
 incandescence of zeal with regard to religion. 
 
 “The religious press (there’s a brother on a crutch!) is 
 suffering from inadequate staff, meagre circulation and in 
 most cases is wellnigh bankrupt, unless especially subsidized. 
 All the promotional work needs the help of the religious press, | 
 but it also needs help. There are 8,000,000 readers of the 
 religious press, a potential channel of terrific power, but 
 the assassination of the whole cultural press of America by 
 the great national advertisers, through their insistence on 
 mass circulation, has left the religious press today in a pre- 
 carious condition. Strengthen the religious press. Back it up. 
 
 “The whole business of publicity today lacks the position 
 of dignity in the Church which it ought to have. There is a 
 myth that any parson who is out of a job can sit in a corner 
 and handle the publicity of the Church. As a matter of fact, 
 it is an expert’s job. Men in the secular world give years of 
 training and their whole lives to it. It should be magnified in 
 the Church. The publicity department ought to be on a parity 
 with every other department in the Church’s life. Today, 
 this great twentieth-century power is belittled, pushed back 
 in corners and deprived of initiative. It is practically a men- 
 dicant at the keyholes of home and foreign missions. The 
 Protestant Episcopal Church at least is awakening to a new 
 conviction on this matter, and now has budgeted its publicity 
 department at a maximum of $107,000 a year, if necessary. 
 
 “Some Christian causes are now trembling in the balance, 
 and their outcome will depend largely on whether the pub- 
 licity is adequate or inadequate. Take China, for instance. 
 Let the pulpit thunder if it will, but you will have to marshal 
 the tremendous power of publicity before you will overcome 
 the present misintormation about the Christian movement in 
 China. Let us not forget, too, that only about one-third of 
 the people in our Churches are supporting the missionary 
 projects. This minority is surrounded by a twilight zone 
 which is indifferent to missions. To overcome such condi- 
 tions, publicity must be something more than an addendum 
 to some commission in the basement of the denominational 
 headquarters. To clear up the twilight zone in the churches 
 themselves, we must marshal the tremendous power of pub- 
 licity.”” 
 
 31 
 
A discussion followed, centering around the question as to 
 whether the daily newspapers and the press associations are 
 giving adequate and accurate interpretations of the significant 
 events in the religious world. Concrete instances were cited 
 of serious misinformation in some of the daily papers with 
 regard to the existing situation in China. Mr. McKernon, 
 speaking for the daily press, suggested that when there is a 
 lack of publicity concerning the enterprises of the Church, 
 it is probably due in considerable measure to the fact that 
 there has not been sufficient provision at the headquarters of 
 the church organizations themselves for giving out the news 
 of their work in appropriate form for use in the daily press.* 
 
 Thursday Morning, March 24 
 
 Under the general theme, “A Better Use of Printer’s Ink,” 
 Mr. Walter I. Clarke, Director of the Department of Pub- 
 licity of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., opened the 
 discussion on the topic, ““What publications are best suited to 
 (a) cultivate the present constituency that supports the mis- 
 sionary and benevolent programs, (b) reach the far larger 
 constituency which does not now help support the missionary 
 and benevolent programs.’ Mr. Clarke’s point of view was 
 summarized as follows: 
 
 CHANNELS SORSPUBLICI LY 
 
 “The secular press is ready to receive the news material 
 from the churches, but each denomination needs an expert 
 newspaper man to serve as a point of contact with the press. 
 
 “The religious press, confessedly in a difficult position, 
 ought to be strengthened. In particular, the boards of the 
 churches, by advertising regularly in the religious press ac- 
 cording to some constructive plan month after month, could 
 help both themselves and the religious press. Much of the 
 material which now goes into pamphlets might better go into 
 the church press. 
 
 “Regional publications are useful for their own local pur- 
 poses, but generally use little material concerning the national 
 undertakings. 
 
 “One of the most helpful forms of publicity recently de- 
 veloped is the syndicated bulletin or calendar, with blank 
 pages on which the local church may print its Sunday service 
 
 
 
 * The findings of the Conference on Publicity, held simultaneously with the Con- 
 ference on Promotional Work, and attended by the publicity representatives of the 
 communions, can be secured from Walter I. Clarke, Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia. 
 
 32 
 
of worship. This has now been published by the Presby- 
 terian Church for three years and averages at the present 
 time a circulation of about 50,000, jumping at Christmas time 
 to about 200,000. It is operated on a self-supporting basis. 
 The Methodists have attained a circulation of about half a 
 million for a similar syndicated bulletin, which is supplied 
 in varying sizes and forms. The Disciples, the Congrega- 
 tionalists, the Southern Presbyterians, the United Presby- 
 terians and perhaps others are also using the same device.” 
 
 In the ensuing discussion, the following points were em- 
 phasized: 
 
 1. “To reach those not now in the church, we have to de- 
 pend chiefly on the daily press. For reaching the Church’s 
 own constituency, the Episcopal Church is now publishing 
 “The Church at Work,’ a bi-monthly, which is distributed free 
 to every family in every parish. The second-class postal rate 
 is secured by putting on the pledge card of each contributor 
 to the Church that ten cents is to be applied to ‘The Church 
 at Work.’ It is mailed out from diocesan headquarters or 
 distributed locally from house to house.’—Mr. Hobbs. 
 
 “The Congregationalists publish ‘The Potter’s Wheel’ 
 monthly. In some states it is used as the inside of the state 
 Congregational paper. Local churches are encouraged to 
 authorize ten cents a member out of the benevolent budget 
 of the Church, to be credited as a subscription price, in order 
 to secure the second-class mailing rate.’—Mr. Leiper. 
 
 Mr. Willard Price, President of the Willard Price Com- 
 pany (Advertising), led a discussion on “How to improve 
 the character of our pamphlet publications, especially those 
 designed for use in the every-member canvass,” illustrating 
 his remarks by commenting on various pieces of literature 
 now being used in some of the denominations. He said in 
 part: 
 
 Bele he eave nei eeUBeICATIONS 
 
 “We have a blindfolded Church. We are asking members 
 to give to what they have never really seen. Until we can 
 remove the blindfold, we will never get the measure of giving 
 that we should get. 
 
 ‘“Nine-tenths of our literature fails to fulfil its purpose 
 because it is never read. The average man is not concerned 
 about a world program until he really cares, and he won’t 
 care until he knows. How are we to break through this 
 vicious circle? 
 
 33 
 
“There are a few things that the average person does care 
 about, and, as far as possible, we should try to establish an 
 initial contact with him at these points. 
 
 “(a) The average person hopes some day to travel. Tak- 
 ing advantage of this impulse, the Baptists have prepared a 
 striking piece of literature called ‘The Log of the Airship 
 Evangel,’ with a sub-title, ‘Around the World with Northern 
 Baptists.’ It has been tremendously successful in provoking 
 the imagination. 
 
 “(b) The average person is interested in himself, and is 
 concerned to maintain his self-respect. The ‘you’ appeal, 
 based upon this motive, is often effective. It aims to make 
 one feel that he is missing something vital if he does not have 
 a share in the program under discussion. A pamphlet circu- 
 lated by the Reformed Church asks individuals, for example, 
 to enroll in one of four parties: The Do-Nothing Party, the 
 Do Less Party, the Stand Pat Party, or the Party of Con- 
 quest. 
 
 “In preparing literature, write in the common colloquial 
 speech (this does not mean slang) and think colloquially, 1. e., 
 in terms that are natural to the average man. 
 
 “Most of the stewardship literature now being used seems 
 to be lacking in graphic qualities. It is dealing with a great 
 idea, but does not seem to be put in a way that grips the 
 imagination.” 
 
 In the ensuing discussion, special attention was called to 
 the danger of building the publicity appeal on too low a 
 motive. It was pointed out that we ought not to be satisfied 
 with any appeal which does not itself reach a high spiritual 
 level. 
 
 There was also a discussion as to the kind of posters that 
 are of value. Mr. Hobbs commented especially upon the 
 value which had come from using posters made by the chil- 
 dren themselves last Lent in a competition which had at- 
 tracted widespread interest. 
 
 SUPPLEMENEARYs DISCUSSIONS 
 
 An informal round-table on present methods being used 
 in the every-member canvass revealed a general conviction 
 that no satisfactory substitute has been developed for the 
 standard procedure of a house-to-house canvass. The plan 
 has been tried of receiving subscriptions at a church service 
 or at a week-night supper and following up only the absentees 
 in a personal canvass. Testimonies were given as to the suc- 
 
 34 
 
cessful operation of these plans in certain instances. Dr. 
 Lampe suggested that the new plans, however, will succeed 
 only if the house-to-house canvass has laid the necessary edu- 
 cational background in other years. 
 
 Mr. Woodward urged the importance of introducing new 
 features in the canvass in order to keep it from becoming too 
 stereotyped. Dr. Denison emphasized the value of the face- 
 to-face canvass in affording spiritual training for the can- 
 vassers. Dr. White suggested the advisability of lengthening 
 the duration of the canvass and reducing the number of 
 canvassers, so as to get better qualified persons. Mr. Myers 
 and Mr. DeLong felt that there is a decided advantage in 
 making as much of the canvass as possible in the church, in 
 order to associate it definitely with the spirit of worship. 
 
 In response to the question as to the relative values of mass 
 meetings or small conferences as means of missionary promo- 
 tion, there was a general response that, while great conven- 
 tions have their value from time to time, they generally do 
 not produce results commensurate with the effort which they 
 require, and consequently, in most denominations, the em- 
 phasis is being put upon smaller gatherings and upon speakers 
 in individual churches. Dr. Speer explained that, in the Pres- 
 byterian body this year, gatherings of pastors are being held 
 in 62 cities with one or two representatives of the boards 
 attending and setting forth the total work. 
 
 Announcement was made of the meetings of the United 
 Stewardship Council, to be held early next December, at 
 which the more important phases of education in steward- 
 ship will be considered in a two-day conference. 
 
 VOTED: That the following committee be appointed to 
 be responsible for the arrangements and program for the con- 
 ference on promotional work next year, with the power to 
 add to its number for the special purpose of securing repre- 
 sentation of the women’s organizations : 
 
 Rev. H. C. Weber, General Council of the Pres- 
 byterian Church in the U. S. A., Chairman. 
 
 Rev. S. M. Cavert, Federal Council of the 
 Churches of Christ in America, Secretary. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Miller, National Council of the Protes- 
 tant Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. R. J. Wade, World Service Agencies, Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. W. E. Lampe, Executive Committee of 
 General Synod, Reformed Church in the U. S. 
 
 33 
 
APPENDIX A 
 
 Executive Officers of the Promotional Organizations of the Churches 
 
 Baptist, Board of Missionary Cooperation—Rey. W. H. Bowler, 276 
 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 
 
 Christian, Bureau of Stewardship and Promotion—Rev. W. H. Deni- 
 son, C. P. A. Building, Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 Church of the Brethren, Forward Movement—Rev. J. W. Lear, 22 
 South State Street, Elgin, Ill. 
 
 Churches of God, General Eldership—Rev. S. G. Yahn, Church Advo- 
 cate Office, Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 Congregational, Commission on Missions—Rev. C. C. Merrill, 19 South 
 LaSalle Street, Chicago, Il. 
 
 Disciples, United Christian Missionary Society—Rev. H. B. McCor- 
 mick, 425 De Baliviere Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Episcopal, Field Department, National Council—Rev. R. B. Mitchell, 
 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 
 
 Evangelical Church, Board of Forward Movements—Rev. J. W. Hein- 
 inger, 1903 Woodland Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Evangelical Synod, General Board for Budget and Promotion— Rev. 
 H. P. Vieth, 2013 St. Louis Avenue, St. Louis Mo. 
 
 Friends, Five Years Meeting—W. C. Woodward, 101 South Eighth 
 Street, Richmond, Ind. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal, World Service Agencies—Rev. R. J. Wade, 740 
 Rush Street, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal, South, Board of Missions—Rev. W. G. Cram, 
 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Methodist Protestant, General Conference—Rev. Charles H. Beck, 613 
 W. Diamond, N.S., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Moravian, Larger Life Movement—Rey. J. S. Romig, 1519 North 17th 
 Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Presbyterian in U. S. A., General Council—Rev. James H. Speer, 156 
 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 
 
 Presbyterian in U. S., South, Permanent Committee on Stewardship— 
 Rey. R. C. Long, 415 Provident Bldg., Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 Reformed in America, Progress Council—Rev. J. A. Ingham, 25 East 
 22nd Street, New York City. 
 
 Reformed in U. S,, Executive Committee, General Synod—Rev. W. E. 
 Lampe, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Seventh-Day Baptist, New Forward Movement—Rev. W. D. Burdick, 
 Plainfield, N. J. 
 
 United Brethren, Board of Administration—Rev. S. S. Hough, United 
 Brethren Bldg., Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 United Presbyterian, General Council—Rev. J. H. White, Publication 
 Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 
 
 36 
 
APPENDIX B 
 
 Personnel in Attendance at Atlantic City Conference, March 22-24 
 
 Mrs. Lewis ANEwALT, Allentown, Pa., Woman’s Missionary Society, 
 General Synod, Reformed Church in the U. S 
 
 Rev. James G. Batrey, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, General 
 Council, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 Rey. ALLEN R. BartHoLoMew, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in the U. S. 
 
 Mrs. ALLEN R. BArRTHOLOMEW, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Rey. H. R. Bowter, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Board of Mis- 
 sionary Cooperation, Northern Baptist Convention. 
 
 Miss Ina E. Burton, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Board of 
 Missionary Cooperation, Northern Baptist Convention. 
 
 Rev. SAMUEL McCrea Cavert, 105 East 22nd Street, New York City, 
 Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. 
 
 Rey. WitttAM F. DeLone, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Board 
 of Home Missions, Reformed Church in the U. S. 
 
 Rey. WarrREN H. Denison, C. P. A. Building, Dayton, Ohio, Secre- 
 tary of Stewardship, Christian Church. 
 
 Rev. Raymonp L. Eprr, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Board of 
 Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Mrs. I. W. Henopricks, Chambersburg, Pa., Woman’s Missionary 
 Society, General Synod, Reformed Church in the U. S$ 
 
 Rey. Grorce W. Hinman, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City, Amer- 
 ican Missionary Association (Congregational). 
 
 Rev. Joon A. IncHam, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City, Progress 
 Council, Reformed Church in America. 
 
 Rey. F. I. Jonnson, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Board of 
 Foreign Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Mrs. F. I. Jonnson, New York City, Federation of Woman’s Boards 
 of Foreign Missions. 
 
 Rev. W. R. Kine, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Board of 
 National Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 Rev. WitiiAM E. Lampe, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Execu- 
 tive Committee, General Synod, Reformed Church in the U. S. 
 
 Rey. Henry S. Lereer, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City, American 
 Missionary Association (Congregational). 
 
 Rev. A. B. McCormick, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, General 
 Council, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 Rev. H. B. McCormick, 425 DeBaliviere Avenue, St. Louis, Mo., 
 United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples). 
 
 Rey. R. W. McGranauwAn, Publication Buildinig, Pittsburgh, Pa., 
 Board of Home Missions, United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Miss Janet S. McKay, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Woman’s 
 American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. 
 
 Rey. Cuartes C. Merritt, 19 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Ill, 
 Congregational Commission on Missions. 
 
 37 
 
J. M. Mitter, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City, Speakers’ Bureau, 
 Field Department, National Council, Protestant Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. KennetH D. Miter, 105 East 22nd Street, New York City, 
 Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of Europe, 
 Federal Council of the Churches. 
 
 Mrs. Kenneto D. Mirtrer, Yonkers, N. Y., Council of Women for 
 Home Missions. 
 
 Rev. Guy L. Morritt, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Steward- 
 ship Department, General Council, Presbyterian Church in the 
 (Wis Sip AN 
 
 Rev. Harry S. Myers, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Board of 
 Missionary Cooperation, Northern Baptist Convention. 
 
 Miss RutuH B. Rute, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City, Women’s 
 Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church in America. 
 
 Rey. CHARLES E. ScHAEFFER, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 Board of Home Missions, Reformed Church in the U. S. 
 
 Rev. Witi1aM P. Scuert, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Board 
 of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 Rev. JAMes H. Speer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, General 
 Council, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 Rev. Jay S. Stowetr, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Board of 
 Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 Rev. Mrizs J. Taytor, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Board of 
 Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev. GeorceE H. Trutr, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Board of 
 Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 Rey. R. J. Wane, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Ill., World Service Agen- 
 cies, Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. Herman C. Weser, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, General 
 Council, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 Rev. J. H. Wutrre, 209 Ninth Street, Pittsburgh, Pa., General Council, 
 United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Wa tteER C. Woopwarp, 101 South Eighth Street, Richmond, Ind., Five 
 Years Meeting of the Friends in America. 
 
 Sek 
 
 Additional copies of this pamphlet may 
 be had for twenty cents per copy, 
 
 $12.00 per hundred 
 
 38