MAY 22 1951 © 
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 UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD THE USSR,  \ ae é 
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 AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM 
 
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 A DIGHST OF PERTINENT DATA APPEARING 
 IN DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATIONS 
 
 ISSUED DURING FEBRUARY 1951 
 
 Division of Historical Policy Research 
 OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 
 Department of State 
 
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 GENERAL 
 1. President Truman Thinks War Can Be Avoided ........ eeishama tiers We 
 2. Mr. Harriman Looks for Anti-Kremlin Pressure Behind 
 
 GNCral FOTW CULTS Di! teres © cles elk seal ete nce eee re Brome te tec aUia oie ateat ele A VS ; 
 3. Secretary Acheson Brands Peace Crusade! as Spurious ......... 
 4, Mr, Jessup Urges Peace Without Appeasement .......--.ceceeeese 
 5. Mr. Fisher Says Strength Will Promote Firm Seecenentey ae Caeetar ee 
 6 Mr. Barrett and Mr. McDermott See Soviet Reversal in 
 
 OLALIN GEN CELVILCW. Teidieteeuiae. aiele bcp ch evergrar eter sta retaliate oilers yelaie PC RP ee eo hs 
 ECONOMIC AND INFORMATIONAL 
 1, .US Asks USSR to Return 672 Lend-Lease Ships ......... eee sk 
 2. Mr. Acheson Shows Effect of Trade Amendment on Barents 
 
 Pree CLES We as cme earl ee Gate or aleve tasers! wleleie: eralpral erevensece al 6 Rip tehater ee eib0s hatte ce 
 3, Mr. Barrett Stresses Effectiveness of YOA. Bale viatetvtateteie’siaitier’ 68 ete 
 4. Mr. McFall Comments on Kremlin's Thought Control ,....... aes ete 
 5 Mri ohnnustone Outlines Our Answer tompnc phen Gmelin 
 
 UNITED NATIONS 
 
 Mr. Gross Says Soviets Revolt Against Collective-Security 
 
 System. 
 
 EUROPE 
 
 Western 
 Western 
 Western 
 Western 
 
 eoerereer ees ee oe @ Ce eorxrerecerseopaeeen ee ree ee eo oee 
 
 Eurove: Mr. Harriman Notes Unanimity on One Point ... 
 furope: Secretary Stresses Aim to Prevent Attack .... 
 Europe: Mr. Cooper Says Faith in US is Necessary .... 
 Furope;: Department Officials Report on 
 
 Common Defense eoeeve eesoeteepeeeeewreeeeeeeetenervrprete ee eweeeeteee oe mp ovo eo ore eee 
 
 Western 
 
 Gernany! 
 Gernany: 
 Gernany! 
 
 Europe: Military Leaders Comment on Defense Effort .. 
 Report ohnows Communi sv inirances rat res lee a lei ces 
 Pamphiet Outlines Rearming of Fast Germany .cccccoee 
 Constitutions of Berlin and Soviet Zone Published .. 
 
 Gernan Problems and Other Causes of Tension: Proposed 
 
 Foreign 
 Li 1 thueani 
 
 ASIA 
 
 Ministers’ Meeting wih uae «4 Up Areas Cae emt aN hey R 
 ia: VOA Presents US Bodie and Be taete dine Kivi Minuet SARE APU bre 
 
 Mr, Rusk Discusses the Strategy of Communism in Asia ......... 
 
 India: 
 
 President Cites Food Crisis as Opportunity to 
 
 Combat Communism eeeeoeeeer ees eer eee revere eer ewe eevee ee © ° see @ @ 0 @ 
 
 China: 
 China: 
 
 Soviet Charges of US Aggression Branded "Bie. Lie! Reatein 
 Role of ChianeoMorcestin bar rast wWontlict: sonieseien. ‘ 
 
 Indochina: US Arms’Azia sed "to Halk Communism c. 5.0.36. ABET es 
 
 Korea: 
 Korea: 
 Korea: 
 
 Mr. Dulles Says Russians Cowet Korea ........ Sieie-ofehatals 
 UN Comnand Renorts China Intervention Long-Planned .., 
 Gen. MacArthur's UN Report Cites Propaganda Fffort to 
 
 Offset Soviet Lies eoeoeretse eee reves eer r eer eeoreerereeeer reese ere ee eevee 
 
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 The principal aspects of US policy toward the USSR and inter- 
 national communism which were featured in statements and addresses 
 made during February by President Truman, Secretary of State Acheson, 
 and other spokesmen included the US contribution to the integrated 
 “estern European defense forces, negotiations with the USSR on a pro- 
 posed meeting of the four Foreign Ministers, the overwhelming 
 rejection by the UN General Assembly of Soviet charges of US aggres- 
 sion against China, and the effectiveness of the US Campaign of Truth. 
 
 IT, GENERAL 
 
 President Truman Thinks War Can Be Avoided, -- President Truman, 
 in an address delivered at P iiadelphia on February 3, at the dedica- 
 tion of the Chapel of the Four Chaplains, said: "... if we can restrain 
 aggression before it bursts out into another world war, then things 
 will be easier in the future. And I think we can do this." 1 spear- 
 ing at a Masonic breakfast in Washington on February 21, he said 
 that he had for five years been endeavoring to mobilize the moral 
 forces’ of the world, “those forces which'believe'in) the welfare of 
 the individual, who believe that the Government is formed for the 
 welfare of the individual and not that the individual is formed to 
 be a slave to the government."" He continued: 
 
 "Tt can be done, It is not impossible, But we have to 
 understand that we are faced with an unmoral force which does 
 not keep its agreements, which does not believe in the things 
 for which this Government stands, and for which the other 
 free governments in the world do stand." 
 
 Mr, Harriman Looks for Anti-Kremlin Pressure Behind the Iron 
 Curtain, -~- W, Averell Harriman, Special Assistant to the President, 
 in an address at Chicago on February 25, said that the fact that 
 the Soviet Union broke its agreements after hostilities had ended 
 in World War II helped to awaken the people of the free world to 
 the duplicity and the aggressive designs of the Kremlin. He said 
 that "Soviet communist imperialism has unlimited objectives -- the 
 domination of the world", and he continued: "I can. only believe 
 that with the growing strength and unity of the free world -- mili- 
 tarily, economically and spiritually -- the pressures behind the 
 iron curtain will increase;the rulers of the Kremlin will find 
 greater and greater difficulty in keeping their unhappy people 
 subjugated," 3 
 
 Secretary Acheson Brands "Peace Crusade" as Spurious, —— Reply- 
 5 Sa ee ene Tay PPR TEE Ne LT Re LED to hn Bk a A 
 ing to a letter from Representative A, S, J. Carnahan concerning 
 the "American Peace Crusade" and its plans for a "peace pilgrimage" 
 
 
 
 lpepartment of State Bulletin, Feb. 19, p. 283. 
 ‘White House press release, Feb, 21. 
 3White House press release, Feb. 25. 
 
ABS 
 to Washington on. March 1, Secretary Acheson noted that "this 'American 
 Peace Crusade! is ieraty, a continuation or re-grouping of the spurious 
 
 Partisans of Peace movement,. which as you know has been the most 
 concentrated and far flung propaganda effort of the International 
 Communist ee in the postwar oe Mr. Acheson declared: 
 
 "There is no doubt that this "Crusade for Peace! will try 
 to use the standard weapons of the Partisans of Peace -- divide 
 and conquer, infiltrate and confuse, I am sure you will agree 
 with me that it is the duty of every American to reject and 
 expose the false motives of this group." 1 . 
 
 Mr. Jessup Urges Peace Without Appeasement. -- Ambassador Philip 
 
 dis 
 
 Ge Jessup stated: in an address at Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., 
 on cant 23, that the only alternative ‘to our present foreign 
 policy 'twould be to start a war against the Soviet Union now", and 
 "that is the policy to which our opponents would inevitably drive 
 us even though they are afraid to admit the logical conclusion of 
 their arguments and seek to conceal it." The US, he declared, will 
 fight if necessary to preserve freedom and justice, but "it will 
 not make war merely because the road to peace is inevitably long and 
 hard and tiresome,"" He. added that many of those who attack US 
 foreign policy "seem to be quite indifferent to the fact that they 
 are constantly supporting the propaganda of the Soviet Union"; and 
 he concluded: "In spite of communist provocations and domestic 
 vilification:it will remain the object and the obligation. of American 
 foreign policy to seck peaceful adjustments of all issues without 
 surrender or appeasement," 2 
 
 Mr. Fisher Says Strength Will Promote Firm Agreements, -- 
 " se all international troubles trace back to Moscow", Legal Adviser 
 Adrian S, Fisher of the Department oe State declared Oe an address 
 at Des Moines, Iowa, on February 17, continuing that "we may be able 
 to sit down with the Soviets and make oh aa that stick Seas 
 we will then hold as many of the trump cards of power as they do, 
 
 
 
 Mr. Barrett and Mr. McDermott See Soviet Revorsal in Stalin 
 Interview, —- Edward J. Barrett, Assostant Secretary of State for 
 Public Affairs, in an address delive red_at St.’:Louis on February 16, 
 referred to Premier Stalin's Pravda interview and declared that nthe 
 Soviet Union now finds it necessary to bolster its sagging propaganda 
 efforts by putting the 'Big Boss, himself! into action", and that 
 in his opinion "the interview by Prime Minister Stalin ‘was inspired 
 in.part by the growing defections among the Communists in Italy and 
 elsewhere and Moscow has thus been forced into a highly defensive 
 position," 4- The Voice of America and the Wireless Bulletin of the 
 Department of State emphasized .the fact that "whereas the Soviet 
 State has heretofore used its puppet rulers -and stooges to propagandize 
 tthe, world with its fake charges and claims of the Kremlin, the Uhief 
 of the Soviet Union, himself, has now put himself on record and on 
 
 
 
 Department of State press release 133; Feb. 20. 
 2Press release LAO Feb, ats 
 3Press release 125, Feb. 17. 
 lpress release 121, Fob, wis 
 
hae 
 
 trial before the world by lending his own name to the Soviet deception 
 on an international scale," 
 
 Michael J. McDermott, Special Assistant to the Secretary of State 
 for Press Relations, in a statement to the press on February 17,con- 
 cerning Premier Stalin's Pravda interview, pointed out: "The people 
 of the Soviet Union feel keenly the isolation into which their rulers 
 have forced them; hence the necessity for Marshal Stalin to try to 
 prove again that all the world is out of step." According to 
 Mr, McDermott, "this is clearly an attempt to regain lost ground", 
 and "we can hope that the way Marshal Stalin has vented his anger 
 on so many nations", as well as the UN as a body, "will awaken the’ 
 Soviet people to- the dangerous road down which they are being led," 2 
 
 If, ECONOMIC AND INFORMATIONAL 
 
 US Asks USSR to Return 672 Lend-Lease Ships, -- In a note handed 
 to the Soviet Ambassador on February 7, Secretary Acheson asked that 
 the USSR "immediately return" to the US 672 naval and merchant vessels 
 and military watercraft which were transferred to the Soviet Union 
 under the Lend-Lease Agreement of 1912. The note also asked that 
 US representatives "be permitted to examine all unserviceable vessels 
 in order to determine the ultimate disposition of these vessels", and 
 stated that the US reserves its rights under the 192 agreement to 
 demand the return to the US of such other lend-lcease articles as may 
 be determined to be of use to the US. 3 
 
 Mr. Acheson Shows Effect of Trade Amendment on Satellite Treaties, -- 
 Appearing before the Senate Finance Committee on February 22 to urge 
 renewal of the Trade Agreements Act, Secretary Acheson stated that 
 one proposed amendment, denying "the benefit of future tariff conces- 
 sions to certain Communist countries", would "have little effect upon 
 the saleability of dutiable Soviet-—bloc products", and would make it 
 "necessary for us to violate a number of agreements which we have 
 with Soviet-controlled countries long antedating our present diffi- 
 culties with them." "Such action gives good ammunition to Soviet 
 propagandists", he said. 
 
 Mr. Barrett Stresses Effectiveness of VOA. -- Assistant Secretary 
 Barrett issued a statement on February 9, noting: 
 
 "se... The job we are doing is one of exposing the phoniness 
 of Kremlin communism, helping to build up spunk and determination 
 in the free world, disproving Soviet lies about America, and 
 helping erect psychological barriers to communism, and building, 
 on both sides of the iron curtain, psychological obstacles to 
 aggression,'"! 9 — 
 
 lpréss release DeCreme bso. 
 Press retease 1305, Feb. 17> 
 IBullotin, ROD SRG « lar 
 Gross Te relcase 15, Feb, 22. 
 pulletin, RED GMa eDe .o0e. 
 
fe 
 
 In a letter of the same date to Senator William Benton (of Connecticut), 
 replying to the Senator's letter of January 31 to the Secretary of 
 State, Mr. Barrett stated that in any Congressional inquiry it could 
 be demonstrated, among other things, that: 
 We of the free world are by no means losing the battle 
 
 for ments minds;we are well on our way toward winning it. 
 
 In many areas of the world the Big.Lie is already losing 
 
 its effectiveness in the face of the truth offensive, which 
 
 1s being Se sersi, in multiple ways, some direct and some 
 
 extremely subtle."t 1 
 
 In a like vein, Mr. Barrett asked, in an.address at St. Louis, 
 Missouri, on February 16,.'"Who said we are losing the so-called 
 Cold War?" "Certainly not the Russians", he answered, but "on the 
 contrary, they are right now accusing us of such successes that 
 they are trying to persuade the peoples of Europe that their 
 governments have sold out to us." He said further: 
 
 "In the free world of today there is still. far too much 
 fecling that the current crisis is basically a-conflict of 
 the U.S. and the USSR and that the rest of the world should 
 attempt to remain neutral. You do not combat this sort of 
 sentiment most effectively by simply disseminating a lot of 
 literature, films. with the U.S. label or the’ U.S. flag stamped 
 all over them.. Hence, in addition to our well known radio and 
 other activities, a very large part of our work today consists 
 of stimulating and assisting like-minded organizations abroad 
 to expose Kremlin communism and to drive home the reasons for 
 strength and unitz-in the free world, There is nothing tricky 
 about this. All the organizations concerned are groups who see 
 the world picture as we see it. But they do need research help 
 and ideas and assistance of’many kinds," 
 
 Mr, Barrett declared that "it's high time that we Americans stop 
 being defeatist," He noted the increasing Communist defections from 
 the Kremlin and stated that "the Soviet rulers themselves, by their 
 own crass and often blundering propaganda, have contributed to their 
 declining influence,! 
 
 Concluding his group ef February public statements, Mr. Barrett, 
 in an address at Brooklyn on February -28, outlined four chief ie 
 tives of our overseas information program, as follows: 
 
 "1, Exposing to the world, directly and.indirectly, the 
 truly reactionary vicious and phony Revue of Kremlin. Communism. 
 
 lipid., p. 301. 
 Press release 121, Feb, 15, 
 
aoe 
 
 "2, Building up a spirit of unity, spunk, determination 
 and confidence in all the nations of the free world, 
 
 "3. Inculcating in other peoples a readiness and desire 
 to cooperate with America -- by disproving Soviet lies about 
 us and by making clear that we are a resolute, strong and honest 
 nation whose moral strength and physical strength can be 
 counted on, 
 
 "th, Building, behind the Iron Curtain, psychological 
 obstacles to further Kremlin aggression," 
 
 Mr, Barrett asked: “Are we hitting the target?" and replied: "I 
 think the. actions of the Soviets themselves are one of the best 
 proofs of this," Noting employment of about a thousand transmitters 
 to block the Voice of America, ard the Soviet attacks on what we 
 say, he added, as a special news item: "I can now report that a 
 major effort has been mounted to try to jam the Voice of America out 
 of Ching, 
 
 Mr. McFall Comments on Kromlin'ts Thought Control, --— Replying 
 to a letter from Senator Brien McMahon, dated January 26, in which 
 the Senator had inquired about the Department's reaction to the 
 "vitriolic and distorted attack" upon the US in the Lenin Day speech 
 by P. N. Pospelov on January 21, Assistant Secretary of State Jack K. 
 McFall, in a letter of January 31 (both letters published by the 
 Department during February, together with the text of the Pospelov 
 speech), stated that the scope of the Sovict "hate the US" campaign 
 has thus been widened to convince the Russian peoples that the US 
 has long been their historic arch enemy. He stated that "we must 
 not underestimate the power of the Kremlin's thought control mechanism 
 to fabricate false information and to sow doubt and confusion as to 
 the truth of our friendship", and "we must. make very sure that the 
 real sentiments of this nation towards the Russian peoples are known 
 to them, despite the iron curtain of the Kremlin censorship." He 
 pointed out that the VOA is now and has long been bringing the truth 
 to the Russian people, | 
 
 Mr. Johnstone Outlines Our Answer to the Big Lie, -- "Through 
 outright lies, by gencralizing on isolated weaknesses of our life 
 and institutions, by exaggeration and insinuation, the Kremlin is 
 attempting to discredit the United States and to undermine American 
 prestige everywhere", Director William C. Johnstone, Jr., of the | 
 Office of Educational. Exchange, Department of State, told an audience 
 at San Francisco on February 23, adding: "More than.a billion people 
 in Europe and the Near and Far East -- still free -- are directly 
 threatened by the imperialistic designs of the Kremlin, They must be 
 told the truth or they, like 750 million others, may find themselves 
 behind the curtain, prisoners of propaganda, victims of the Big Lie." 
 
 lpress release 165, Feb, 28. 
 eBulletin, Feb. 12, p. 256. 
 
sas 
 
 To halt the Communist drive for the control of men's minds throughout 
 the world, Mr, Johnstone said that the US Information and Educational 
 xchange 4 ogram employs a variety of communication systems - radio, 
 motion pictures, publications, information centers, and the exchange 
 of persons, and that increased attention is. being given to "targeting" 
 31 areas of critical concern, that is,"countries which either have 
 succumbed to Communist domination, are in the most serious danger of 
 being overrun, or are so strategically located that their loss to 
 
 the Communist forces would constitute. a serious blow. Peed ; 
 
 Mr. Begg Says Truth Might Sway Strusgie for Ments Minds, -- Our 
 struggle against the spread of Soviet. imperialism is, at the moment, 
 largely a struggle for men's minds, John M,.Begg, Director of 
 Private Enterprise Cooperation, US Information and Educational 
 
 Exchange Program, Department of State, declared in a Chicago address 
 
 BY 
 
 on February 27. He continued: 
 
 "The Kremlin stretegy is wide open to effective counter- 
 attack. And the most powerful‘ weapon which we can bring to 
 bear on the Soviets in this war of ideas is.an information 
 program. Our Campaign of Truth is the one weapon which can 
 
 ‘ expose the Soviet position for what it really is -- a strong- 
 
 hold of reaction and imperialism." .. 
 
 The Soviet system is vulnerable to the RSENS and itis, our job. +0 
 see that the truth gets out, he stated, and while the Campaign of 
 Truth cannot, by itself, win the conflict, "Nan all out, vigorous 
 Campaign of Truth in which every facet of American life is brought 
 to bear, can supplement our country's political, economic and mili- 
 tary plans in away that might well spell tthe difference Devween 
 deans and victory in the struggle for ments minds," 
 
 » 
 
 ita ONTTED NATIONS 3. 
 
 Mr. Gross Says Soviets Revolt Against Collective-Security System, -- 
 Ambassador Ernest 4, Gross, Deputy US Representative iN eetriran 
 address at New York City-on February 10, stated that the turning-point 
 in the UN . ony ce 
 
 
 
 lpress’ release Tse Fee ls 
 2press release 150, Bek, 26; 
 
 For references to US opposition during February to Soviet proposals 
 for the seating of Chinese Communist representatives in various UN 
 organs, see the Bulletin, Feb, 5, p. 236; Feb. 12, p. 268; Feb. 19, 
 
 ‘Desie Loseeud sen. O08 ep 359, On the eranting eh permission GO. Moar ny: 
 (over Soviet opposition) to participate in certain discussions in 
 the Trusteeship Council, see ibid., p. 358. 
 
Ee 
 
 may be dated June 25, 1950, when the Communist invasion of Korea 
 impelled the moral power of the. free world to start immediate 
 
 action, A week later, on February 17, Mr. Gross-stated at a 
 
 New York City forum that the Kremlin is in revolt against the UN, 
 
 and it is the aim of the Soviet leaders to break up the UN collective- 
 security system, Citing instances in which the Kremlin is at war 
 with the UN Charter, Mr, Gross pointed out that the US is dedicated 
 to. support the Charter in every case and is joined by almost all 
 
 the members of the UN. ) 
 
 IV. EUROPE 
 
 Western Europe: Mr. Harriman Notes Unanimity on One Point. -- 
 W.. Averell. Harriman, Special Assistant to the President, speaking 
 before the Women's National Democratic Club at Wactipeton on Feb- 
 ruary 12, noted that tall the principal participants in this debate 
 
 on. ground forces for murope7 ss. now: in one important particular 
 understand that assistance to Furope is essential to the defense 
 of our own country and to ultimate success," 3 | 
 
 Western Hurope: US We Dae Paris Conference on European Army, -- 
 
 In a note to French Forcign Minister Robert eee ee dated January 27 
 and released during Feneaaeon Secretary Acheson stated that "we warmly 
 rain your Government's initiative in calling a conference of the 
 iterested European powers to consider possible ways and means to 
 eee the French proposals concerning the creation of a European 
 army and its participation in the integrated military force for the 
 defense of Europe which was established at the. recent North Atlantic 
 Council meetings at Brussc is." He reaffirmed the US attitude of 
 strongly favoring Huropean integration and stated the conviction 
 that the broad framework of the Atlantic Community, embracing a strong 
 Europe, is an essential part of the free world structure and the 
 attainment of global security under the UN. The US Government, he 
 stated, "is happy to accept your invitation to send an observer to 
 the conference which you have called for February 6 and will do its 
 best to assist in bringing its deliberations to a successful con- 
 clusions” L 
 
 Western Europe: Secretary Stresses Aim to Prevent Attack, -- 
 Scerctary Acheson, in a statement before the Senate Foreign Relations 
 and Armed Scrvices Committecs on February 16, said that our primary 
 aim is to prevent an attack against Europe, that at the same time we 
 scek to prevent Europe from being taken over by the Kremlin through 
 othenmmeans . andi inalily wai pespite, our bestceliorts» there: should 
 
 be. an attack on Europe, we want to prevent it from succeeding, He 
 added: "... the best use we can make of our present advantage in 
 retaliatory air power, is to move ahead under the protective shield 
 to build the balanced colléctive forces in Western Europe that will 
 continue to Pe aggression after our atomic advantage has been 
 
 diminished," 
 
 
 
 1US Mission to the UN, press release 1136, Feb. 9. 
 éIden, press release 1141, Feb. 16, 
 
 3White House press release, Feb, 12. 
 
 Bulletin, Fob..19, pe 287. 
 
 Dida Fob. Bo 323) 
 
EG” 
 
 Western Europe: Mr. Cooper Says Faith in US is Necessary. -- 
 Nppearing before the Senate Foreign Relations and Armed Services 
 Committees on February 26, John Sherman Cooper, Consultant to the 
 Secretary of State, stated that "the indispensable requirement" in 
 building the confidence of the people of Europe is that the US 
 "will participate fully in the defense of Europe in the air, on the 
 seas, and I emphasize, on the land." If there is faith that we will 
 join in the defense of Europe in the initial stages of an assault, 
 should it come, "there will be a defense of Europe", he declared, 
 but "without that faith, the effort which is necessary will not be 
 made." He said that in Europe "there is a growing determination to 
 make the effort and sacrifice for defense." 
 
 Western Europe: Department Officials Report on Common Defense, -- 
 Progress of the nations of Western Europe in building an integrated 
 defense was reported by officials of the Department of State appear- 
 ing on the television program "The Facts We Face't over the Columbia 
 network on February 25, George W. Perkins, Assistant Secretary for 
 Furopean Affairs, just returned from Europe, said that the people in 
 Western Europe "are going about getting themselves strong", and that 
 if we all do our part, we can look forward to avoiding the catastrophe 
 of a Third World War, Henry A. Byroade, Director of the Department's 
 Bureau of German Affairs, stated that "it is in our interests to 
 support vigorously, without any equivocation or delay, the defense 
 effort in Europe that is so necessary to unite Europe, including 
 Germany, into a common effort backed by confidence of the future," 
 Edwin M, Martin, Director of the Office of European Regional Affairs, 
 stated that the European contribution to the joint defense effort "is 
 a substantial and rapidly increasing one," Frederick Reinhardt, 
 Director of the Office of Eastern European Affairs, said: "Only 
 strength, spiritual, economic and military, can stop Soviet pressure," 
 
 Western Europe: Military Leaders Comment on Defense Effort. -- 
 General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander, iHurope, in 
 a radio address from Washington on February 2, said: 
 
 "Today, we are faced by an aggressive imperialism that 
 has more than once announced its implacable hostility to free 
 government. Therefore, we strive to erect a wall of security 
 for the free world behind which free institutions can live, 
 That wall must be maintained until Communist imperialism dies 
 of its own inherent evil." 
 
 Qur concern in.Europe is more than sentimental, he said, for “our own 
 security is involved", and "its direct importance to us is the stark 
 fact that its possession by Communist forces would give them opportunity 
 to develop a preponderance of power", and "world destiny would then 
 
 be dictated by imperialistic powers whose avowed purpose is the destruc- 
 tion of freedom," He expressed the belief that (1) the preservation 
 
 of free America requires our participation in the defense of Western 
 Europe, (2) success is attainable, givon unity in spirit and action, 
 
 
 
 lynnumbered press release, Feb. 26, 
 press release 153, Feb. 2h. 
 
-9- 
 
 and (3) while the transfer to Europe of American military units is essen- 
 tial, our major and special contribution should be in the field’ of muni- 
 tions and equipment, 
 
 Avpearing before the Senate Foreign Relations and Armed Services 
 Committees on -February:15, Secretary of Defense George C. Marshall stated 
 that we are building up in the US and in each.of the North Atlantic 
 community nations stronger armed forces, not for any-aggressive purpose, 
 but to defend ourselves if we should be attacked, and that our aim also 
 "is primarily to deter aggression if that be possible and to defeat 
 aggression if, in spite of all our efforts, the actions of the Soviet 
 Union or its satellites should precipitate another world war." He said 
 he had recommended, and President Truman had approved, "a policy with 
 ‘respect to our forces in Europe which looks to the maintenance by us, 
 in Europe, of approximately six divisions of ground forces." About two 
 divisions of ground forces are there now, he said, and the increased 
 force would represent a small Army unit of high efficiency and a 
 "tremendous morale contribution", He pointed out that proportionately 
 the US contribution would. be greater in air and naval forces than 
 ground forces and in the production of munitions, and declared: But 
 what we want above everything else is ... a certain freedom of action to 
 establish a deterrent against the development of a general war," 
 
 General Omar N, Bradley, Chairman of Pie Joint Chiefs of staff, ee 
 the. Senate Committees on February 16: (1) the two US divisions in 
 Germany would be in great, danger if war came, and the addition of four 
 divisions "would immeasurably improve their ability to defend them- 
 
 . selves"; .(2) the morale of Western Furopean countries and their will to 
 fight will certainly grow with every increase in armed strength; (3) this 
 increase in collective military strength is needed as a deterrent to the 
 aggressive intentions of Soviet Russia; (4) the US cannot weit to see. 
 what others contribute, since if we all hang back, Soviet Russia will 
 make a laughing stock of our entire effort; and (a) if we are engaged 
 
 in an all-out war, do we choose to fight it "here in the United States, 
 or in other parts of the worla7n? : : 
 
 Germany: Revont Shows Communist Hindrance. Peery his fifth quarterly 
 report on Germany, covering -the period Octoher 1—December 31, 1950. 
 
 (released in February 1951), US High Commissioner John J. McCloy stated 
 that during the period under review the Communists intensified their. 
 attempts to build up German opposition to any contribution to Western 
 defense and to strengthen sentiments favorable to the neutralization of 
 Germany. He indicated, however, that the Federal Republic's progress 
 during the past year provides evidence that it will be "capable of con- 
 tributing its full share to the security and advancement of the free 
 world, "4 
 
 lpulletin, Web, 19, p. 285. For General Fisenhower's report made 
 before an informal meeting of the Congress on Feb. 1, see ibid., 
 Feb, LAN Pe 25, 
 
 <Ipid., Feb. 26, v. 328. 
 2Toid ye pALIa0. 
 
 bh Quarterly Report on Germany, Oct. eet Gaal 1950 (Office of 
 the US High Commissioner for rt Germany). 
 
UPS Ck 
 
 Germany: Pamphlet Outlines Rearming of Fast Germany. — A pamphlet 
 entitled Recent Soviet Pressures on Germany (released by the Department 
 
 of State during February) stated: 
 
 "Reliable reports indicate that Russia's satellites have 
 increased their armed strength since the outbreak of war in Korea 
 and that the USSR has 35 fully armored or mechanized divisions in 
 Bast Germany and Poland alone and virtually limitless manpower 
 within its own borders. Reports reveal also that the. Russians 
 have now restored the rail lines which they had dug up-and taken 
 away from Fastern Germany shortly after the surrender. These rail- 
 ways, in the event of war with the Western Powers, would be the 
 supply line from Russia proper through the Soviet Zone of Germany." 
 
 The summary recalled that the North Atlantic Council had agreed at 
 Brussels that there should be one German division for every five non 
 German divisions in the unified Furopean defense force if the people 
 of Western Germany. were willing to participate, and it noted that 
 Western Germans have not yet indicated their willingness. 
 
 Germany: Constitutions of Berlin and Soviet Zor Zone Published. 
 The new Constitution of Berlin, September 1, 1950 (0 (approved by chee 
 American, French, and British Commandants), gives Berlin the legal status 
 of a State as well as of a City, according to a pamphlet, 1950 Berlin 
 Constitution and Flectoral Law, released by the Office of the US High 
 Commissioner for Germany (HICOM) in February.’ The American, British, and 
 French Elements of the Allied Kommandatura accepted this democratic draft 
 constitution in 1948 and, failing in all subsequent attempts to obtain 
 Soviet consent for the restoration of a unified city qn DS sero ho on 
 August 295 1950 approved the caus draft with amendments.¢. 
 
 The German original and. an English Crore iationees tae Constitution 
 of the Soviet Zone of Germany are presentéd in a pamphlet prepared by 
 HICOM and released during February. The pamphlet contains an intro- 
 duction pointing out that "a good constitution may be the backbone of a 
 State or it may be window-dressing." It states that the Soviet Zone 
 Constitution "could appear to be a democratic document to the casual 
 observer—-so long as he takes its provisions at face value and without 
 detailed analysis", but "to accept it in good faith he would have to be 
 unfamiliar with its origin and with the reality of everyday life in the 
 Fast German totalitarian police state which has been designated the 
 'German Democratic Republic! by its Communist creators." The intro- 
 duction concludes: "The hard merciless practice of Communist oppression 
 in a volice state cannot be hidden behind the quasi-democratic language 
 of a constitution which promises freedom but has no relevance to every—. 
 day life in a police state offering only concentration camps to those 
 who cherish liberty."3 
 
 geese aes of State pub. 4123) (Furopean and British Commonwealth 
 Series 18). 
 
 21950 Berlin Constitution and Electoral ee (Office of the US en 
 Commissioner for eS Ee) 
 
 Pose Aiea Bee, Pa dt elf «eb dtd ne aan! t dh ctnate aed lag athemsenes, Sori enahc tak bf Ndban tattle), Sorat tl 
 
 CORE SEA Dna? An Gene ac Feb. l, 1951. 
 
1 ee 
 
 German Problems and Other Causes of Tension: Proposed Foreign 
 Ministers! Meeting. -- The Department replied on February 19 to a Soviet 
 
 note of February 5 and stated that "the serious tension which exists 
 
 at present arises in the first instance from the general attitude 
 adopted by the Government of the USSR since the end of the war." The 
 reply emphasized that "in western Germany there do not exist any German 
 military forces, or any German war industry"; that "the only 'fait 
 accompli! in this field of Burope, is the existence of the huge armaments 
 maintained by the Soviet bloc which include forces raised in East Germany"; 
 and that any meeting of the four ministers should include discussions of 
 the real causes of tension. The reply stated that "since the Soviet 
 Government has admitted the possibility of discussing questions other 
 than Germany, and has itself drawn attention to that of armaments", 
 
 the US assumes that the Soviet Government does not object to a prelin— 
 inary meeting of representatives of the four governments to prepare an 
 agenda which will cover the causes of tension in Furope, including the 
 existing level of armaments, problems affecting Germany, and the Austrian 
 treaty. The US note suggested thet the preliminary conference be held in 
 Paris on March 5, and if an acceptable basis for a meeting of the four 
 ministers is found, that they meet in Washington on a date to be recom— 
 mended by their representatives. ; 
 
 Lithuania: VOA Presents US Position. -- On Lithuanian Independence 
 Day, February 18, Assistant Secretary Barrett announced the inauguration 
 of s regular daily Voice of America program in the Lithuanien language. 
 Pointing out that "this Government has not recognized the incorporation 
 of Lithuania into the USSR and continues to recognize the diplomatic and 
 consular representatives of Lithuenia in the U.5.", he quoted a state— 
 ment issued by the. US Government on July 23, 1940, condemning the pur- 
 ported annihilation of the Baltic republics by the USSR.¢ 
 
 
 
 V.. ASIA. 
 
 Mr. Rusk Discusses the Strategy of Communism in Asia. -—— Dean Rusk, 
 Assistant Secretary of State for Far Fastern Affairs, stated in an 
 address at Philadelphia, on February 9; "Communism has appeared, in Asia 
 not as a Russian preaching the tyranny of the Kremlin but'as an Asian 
 preaching nationalism and promising Utopia," He added that "it will not 
 be an easy job to meet this colossal fraud and extravagant and emoty 
 pronise." Emphasizing that "we must allow no misunderstanding about the 
 nature of our own interest in Asia", he asserted that "we seek in Asia 
 no territories, no svecial privileges, no special position, "2 
 
 
 
 India: President Cites Food Crisis as Opportunity to Combat 
 Communism. -- In a message to Congress on February 12, President Truman 
 recommended aid to India to ueet its food crisis, saying that India's 
 
 difficulties have been aggravated by the crisis in Asia caused by the 
 
 lpress release 136, Feby 20.) For. text of Soviet note of Feb. 5, 
 see the Bulletin, Feb, 19, p. 313. 
 
 2tbid., Feb, 26, v. 354, 
 
 roids Reve LOB. eo 
 
ie 
 
 aggressive forces of Communist imperialisn, and the present food crisis, - 
 if permitted to continue, would magnify these difficulties and. threaten 
 the stability of India. He decla red: 
 
 "In this critical time in’ the Ire ee the world, 1t is vital 
 that the demecratic nations show their. concern for the well-being 
 of men everywhere end their desire for a better life for mankind. 
 But words alone are not sufficient. We mast implement our words by. 
 deeds. We must counter the false promises of Communist imperialism 
 with constructive action for humen betterment. In this way, and’ 
 in this way only, can we make human liberty secure against the forces 
 which threaten it throughout the world today. a ; 
 
 China; Soviet Charges of US Ageression Branded "Big Lie! — Ine 
 statement before the UN General Assembly's Committee I (Political and 
 
 Security) on February 2, Ambassador Warren R. Justin termed Soviet 
 charges of US aggression against Chine a "repetition of the Soviet trick 
 of the 'big lie' for propaganda." He disproved Soviet charges that the 
 US had occupied and blockaded Formosa, had obtained economic advantages 
 there, had intervened in China's internal affairs, and had violated its 
 eir space. He declared that the US "is more than willing to. have this 
 matter put to the judgment of the Members of the United Nations. "4 
 
 The two Soviet resolutions, (1) alleging US aggression in China and 
 (2) conplaining of US air bonbing of Chinese territory, which had been 
 overwhelningly rejected in Committee I on February 7, were reintroduced 
 by the USSR in the General Assembly when it met in plenary session on 
 February 13, and were again rejected, (1) by vote of 5 (Soviet bloc)— 
 48—3 (Yugoslavia, Burme, Indonesia), and (2) by vote of 5 (Soviet bloc)- 
 51-2 (Yugoslavia, Afghanistan). Opposing the resolutions, US Delegate 
 Frnest A. Gross declared that "these charges are false, a complete tissue 
 of lies and distortions." Noting that the Soviet spokesman persisted in 
 attacking the basis of American friendship for China and the Chinese 
 people, he asserted that "the memory of the Chinese peovle and any history 
 of China not written in Moscow will be sufficient proof. that American 
 friendship for thé Chinese peoples has been and continues to be sincere 
 and fundanental", adding: "The nation--and the only nation——-which con- 
 trols many thousands of square miles of territory which were once Chinese 
 is not the United States but the Soviet Union." He said that the reasdns 
 "which impel us to continue recognizing" the Chinese. National Government 
 are "honorable and in the best interest of the Chinese pycon ie. ae 
 
 Itpid., Feb, 26, p. 349. 
 
 2US Mission to the UN, press Terese 1129, Feb. 2; summary published 
 in the Bulletin, Feb. 12, p. 267. The two Soviet resolutions condemning 
 "these illegal acts" of the US were:‘overwhelmingly rejected by the Com 
 mittee on Feb. 7, the only support coming from the Soviet:.bloc. The 
 question of Formosa was deferred, on motion of the UK Delegate agreed to 
 by Mr. Austin, in view of the current unsettled situation in the Far East. 
 This motion was approved, with only the Soviet bloc opposing it. Ibid., 
 Poebeyui a 207 ; 
 
 3Ibid., Feb. 19, p. 318; for text of statement by Mr. Ca ieas See 
 US Mission to the UN, press release 1137, Feb. 13. 
 
aio 
 
 China; Role of Chiang Forces in Far Fast Conflict. —- Assistant 
 Secretary of State Jack K, McFall, in a letter of Januery 16 (released 
 
 by the Department in February) replying to a communication fron 
 Representative Horace Seely-Brown, Jr., on the question of the partici- 
 petien of the Chinese National Government's forces in the Korean 
 hostilities or a mainland offensive, pointed out: (1) the National 
 Government's ground forces ere outnumbered by Chinese Communist troops 
 by at least 8 to 1; (2) any substantial increase in the National Govern-— 
 nent's equipment must come from the US, with the available supply 
 limited by urgent demands from many quarters; (3) the principal mission 
 of the forces on Formosa must be the defense of the island itself; and 
 (4) operations in Korea are UN operntions, and the views of other 
 participating countries must be taken into account. 
 
 Indochina; US Arms Aid Used to Halt Communism. -- French and 
 Indochinese troops, helped by American arms aid, are holding the pass 
 against the spread of Communism to southeast Asia, Donald R, Heath, 
 Minister to the Associated States of Vietnam, Laos, and Canbodia, stated 
 in a television address on February 4. US arms aid is not, as the 
 Comminist vropvaganda pretends, being used to bolster up a French colonial 
 regine in Indochina, he said, but French instructors and US arms are 
 being devoted to building up a Vietnamese national army. He declared 
 that the Communist "menace is as old as.the creed of Bolshevism and the 
 Communist operation in Indochina with ninor variations is the same 
 experienced by other areas under Conmunist attack throughout the world." 
 "The Communists seek to gain control by disguising themselves as nationel- 
 ists", he said, adding: 
 
 "The hope which I saw for the future of Indochina lies in those 
 brave people of whom there ere many who dare to work for security, 
 freedom, and human betterment despite the threats of retaliation 
 from the Communist—directed murderers and arsonists who stalk in 
 every erea. But despite attempts at intimidation, leaders from the 
 village level to the highest positions in government are coming 
 forward to take those risks and work to give meaning to their 
 newly won independence." 
 
 The people of southeast Asia do not want the domination of Communist 
 imperialisn, he declared, and "by collective action the free world can 
 be maintained and new hope given to captive nations now in the Communist 
 orbit."2 
 
 Korea: Mr. Dulles Says Russians Covet Korea. -- John Foster Dulles, 
 Consultant to the Secretary, in an address before the America—Japan 
 Society at Tokyo, Japan, on February 2, stated that "hundreds of thousands 
 of North Korean and Chinese Communists are being driven to slaughter in 
 order to gain a strategic position which has been coveted by Russia since 
 the deys of the Czars."3 . 
 
 Ipulletin, Feb. 12, p. 263. 
 eThid. ip. eae. 
 JIbid,, De 2526 
 
Lye 
 
 Korea: UN Command Reports China Intervention Long—Planned. —— 
 
 The 11th report of the UN Command on operations .in Korea during December 1l- 
 15, 1950 (which was transnitted to the UN Secretary—-General on January 31 
 by Ambassador slustin and was published by the Department during February), 
 termed as "pure nonsense" the propagenda by Communist centers of the world 
 seeking (1) to create the illusion that UN forces suffered a major tac-— 
 tical disaster and (2) "to voint to the Chinese Communist intervention 
 
 in- the Korean conflict as solely responsive to our own ‘tactical decisions 
 and movements." The UN Command "is in no sense a defeated command", the 
 report. stated, and "the entry of Communist China into the Korean con- 
 flict--a risk inherent in our Korean operations from their very inception— 
 was responsive alone to decisions long determined upon and given effect 
 
 by the destruction of the North Korean satellite forces." There is "Left 
 no doubt that it has long been the vlan of the Chinese Communist author— 
 ities to commit so much of their war resources ‘in manvower ;and materiel 
 
 eas necessary to insure destruction" of the UN Command and prevent the UN 
 from bringing order and unification to all on et it was stated. 
 
 
 
 Gen. Mack tia! s UN Report Cites ee ee! Fffort to Offset sete 
 Lies. -- Seven Korean radio stations have been activitated "to offset 
 
 the torrent of false and inflammatory propaganda being directed toward 
 then by Communist radio stations in the USSR and China!, according to 
 General Douglas MacArthur's fourteenth ‘senimonthly- report on the war in 
 Korea, covering the second half os JeRverys which was issued on seat es 256 
 The Pen ass stated: : 
 
 
 
 "Over 205 million United Nations leaflets-have -noqw been 
 disseminated in Korea, the greet majority being directed at the 
 Chinese and north Koree armed forces. Continuing daily eir drops 
 of. leeflets sre being made in an effort to show every enemy.soldier 
 in the line that there is an ‘alternative vo the head Ey. eee 
 loss of life.!2 Si | : 
 
 linia., Feb, 19; 0. 304. 
 
 ey Mission to the UN, press release 1145, Feb. coon Lor there len 
 report of UN Command Operations in Korea, for the period Dec. 1-15, 
 1950, see the Bulletin, Feb. 19, p. 304; for the 12th and 13th reports, 
 for the periods Dec. 16, 1950-Jan. 15, 1951, see US Mission to the UN, 
 press releases 1144 and 1145, Feb. 23.