Yam Sndia a 0 US PRICE 140 CENTs, CONTINUATION COMBITTEE Forth fmeriean Section *HISTORICAL * SERIES *! CUNY “Seee> (CaN) WA NZ NL WEN AMERICANSBAPTIST+ MISSIONARY: UNION BOSTON + MASS + U+S+A ‘ > | = ele, _ as ; iy i ; of ar re a Jt eee Moet one £ - ‘ oe {OX Ut ot) ee - oy | . pie 2 ea a ern ve eee a: Ld at fae OF oe : nae fat « ’ Pe , * ! Pos ye roe ) : ’ 2 We eur ¥ ot Pe : Soe = - - — — en DA Ono Cyt) SO HO A= 1) — Cy ay aN ay rn ¢ ie DoMon oh +O (7) ae Dot oO PaQooPoRo tie Temple, Treasury and Courthouse, Sibsagor MISSIONS IN ASSAM INTRODUCTION SSAM is a country full of interest. Its location, both geographical and _politi- cal; its history, ancient and modern; its people, with the surrounding nations, and its religions, — each has an attract- ive interest, as does also its opportuni- ties for ethnological, philosophical and natural history research. To the chil- dren of God, of special interest is the history, present condition and outlook of the Kingdom in that land: Of deep interest, too, is its location. The northeastern frontier province of the Indian Empire, it is an important piece of growing Christian civilization thrust up to the very entrance of that long closed land, Tibet, and also ready to make a flank movement on northern Burma, and through that country upon western China. From near Sadiya in upper Assam the lowest and most practicable pass of the whole range penetrates the Himalayas into Tibet, through which already the Indian Government has been urged to construct a railway. Christian civilization, aided by the telegraph and railway from the sea to upper Assam, and by an efficient daily service of dispatch boats and a fleet of freight steamers on the Brahmaputra, is push- ing up to the very gateway of central Asia. 5 MISSIONS IN ASSAM Assam is also of no mean importance as concerns India as a whole, for it isa part of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam,* the forming of which has made Bengal a storm-center of unrest. The Assam Mission therefore occupies a most strategic position. THE COUNTRY Assam contains 56,243 square miles of territory and consists of two large valleys, the Brahmaputra to the north and the Surma to the south, with the Assam range of mountains between them and parallel to the Hima- layan range. The name ‘‘Assam”’ was originally applied to the valley of the Brahmaputra alone, as this only was under the ahom, or Assam kings. This valley is mostly an alluvial plain, with many abrupt hills breaking its surface, like the peaks of submerged mountains. It is about 450 miles long, with an average breadth of fifty miles. The Brahmaputra is navigable the whole year by large steamers to Dibrugarh, a mighty river forming a natural highway for the extensive commerce of the province. For the greater part of its course it flows between sandy banks, and the bed is constantly shifting within a belt of about six miles on either side. It is fed by many affluents from both sides, many of which are navigable in the rainy season by small steamers, and at all seasons by native boats. This valley is said to con- tain more rivers (sixty in all) than any other country of corresponding size in the world. The Surma or Southern Valley is in area barely one third of the Brahmaputra Valley, and is a network of sluggish, deltaic streams which by deposit are constantly elevating the lands nearest their banks. These are the abode of a dense population. | The Assam range of mountains, in reality a spur of the Himalayas, extends from the bend in the Brahmaputra, where it turns toward the sea, to the mountains of * In 1905 the old province of Assam was_united with a portion of Bengal, and the whole province is now named Eastern Bengal and Assam. Our missions are all in the part formerly called Assam, and unless otherwise indicated the term Assam ’’ is used in this sketch as meaning the smaller territory formerly called by that name. 6 NOLSOB “"SHONA ‘SH313d asain prt SNIWO V dnsySumes ft 1[OWLO}T a oudsuney usu] © euyoye a * Lb ALY at 9 BUBIIOW "T yoqoUun anduayst Avyolls ye andaiepeg vieyowuqy °Suopry © Suofuny Sat te VIiLNive eye Anu} SuUgUSeUVy 71} Ue LT in fi 4 Have ay 3 UUs ue ao Wy “oH Sues AAO we mde o andeyare eo. Lin(SupN TREMOLO | vs 8 vIAL Ie) IS KA I / Ale SngTUs pyre ! | ‘) at Som sie SIN Bre N, ysutsuowts BUoyeUIN ndjrurvg uvung OM oo ie) van] aeyo ea yyorn Vv Sey yeypejOg equity Goro DO'S Ox ; He. 5 =) YPVUCMSIT Wo andzoy, a OmGvsq (eye ib A livquisurg i~ PON 10 ¢ ea Faraone osu suozq 3 ae ae ( j ——S L LSU! M9( S31IW 30 31V0S J pzouney SHPIF *80qttl vanvy [YY “A Wa"V Jo suoypuyg "NOIND AUVNOISSIM LSILdVd NVOLUAKY 4HL-AO SNOILVLS AHL ONIMOHS WVSSV GNV TIVONGUGA NUALSVA YONVOWHINA | Malo O NS os LIN Se hoe el northern Burma and western China, and divides the two valleys. It rises in the Garo Hills to about 4,600 feet above sea level, in the Khasi Hills to 6,450 feet, and in the Naga Hills reaches nearly 10,000 feet in Japvo peak, which overhangs Kohima. For administrative purposes Assam is divided into fourteen districts. Beginning at the west we have, in the Brahmaputra Valley, Goalpara, Kamrup, Nowgong, Darrang, Sibsagor and Lakhimpur; in the hills, Garo Hills, Khasi and Jaintia Hills, North Cachar, Naga Hills, Manipur and Lushai Hills; in the Surma Valley, Sylhet and Cachar. The Lushai Hills are south of the Surma Valley. Although Assam lies wholly in the temperate zone, it has a tropical climate and tropical vegetation and animal life. It has two seasons, a monsoon season from May to October, when there is abundance of rain and the atmo- sphere is warm, damp and enervating, and a cooler and dry season, with little rain and almost uninterrupted sunshine, save as heavy morning fogs prevail along the main rivers. This season gives a cool, more bracing atmosphere, much more healthful than the summer months. The average rainfall is about 113 inches for the year, with the highest record for the world at Cherra- poonjee, a village on the southern face of the central range. The open plains of the Surma Valley and of the upper part of the Brahmaputra Valley are generally considered to be healthful, favorable for habitation by Europeans, as are also the higher parts of the central range. But fora great part of the province the climate is malarious and favorable to tropical diseases. Much, however, of the unhealthfulness is due to the unsanitary habits of the people. With the spread of education and the recogni- tion of the first principles of cleanliness and sanitation, and especially of a conscience that will regard the inter- ests of others as well as their own present convenience, there will doubtless be a great improvement in the healthfulness of the province. 8 MISSIONS IN ASSAM THE PEOPLE The population, according to the last census, that of 1901, numbered 6,126,343 for Assam. This is distrib- uted as follows: Surma Valley : : : : . 2,656,629 Brahmaputra Valley . : : oy 2.019.077 Hill Districts : : : ; 850,637 Over eighty-five per cent. of these were censused as engaged in agriculture. Less than three per cent. of the people live in towns. There are no cities in the province, and only four towns with a ‘population of above 10,000. The density of the population varies greatly, ranging from 412 tothe square mile in Sylhet to tr in the Lushai Hills, with an average for the province of 109. As c¢c Oompa red Heathen Garo Women with other parts of India, the province is sparsely inhabited and could easily support a much larger population. Much fertile land les waste. Under a well-established government there is a continuous tide of immigration, the popula- tion is increasing and doubtless will continue steadily to do so. Hemmed in as India is by sea and the Himalayas, the only routes between it and the rest of Asia, practical for extensive immigration, lie at the northwest and north- east. _ From the northwest came the Aryans, and later the Greeks, Huns, Pathans and Moguls. Remnants of these tribes reached Assam, ‘‘ while from the northeast 9 MISSIONS IN ASSAM through Assam have come successive hordes of immi- grants from the great hive of the Mongolian race in western China.” Many, passing on into Bengal and the Surma Valley, became merged with the original inhabi- tants. But in Assam, “although in the plains large sections of the population, like that of Bengal, are of mixed origin, there are numerous tribes who are almost pure Mongolians; and an examination of their affinities, in respect of physique, language, religion and social customs, with other branches of the same family, forms one of the most interesting lines of inquiry open to ethnologists.” In later years there has been taking place a large immigration from central India, to supply the demand for laborers in the great tea industry. Of these there are estimated to be 650,000 in Assam, of whom much the larger number are in the upper part of the Brahmaputra Valley. Among them some of our most successful work is being done. THE LANGUAGE One of the serious difficulties in the path of the mis- sionary is the great diversity of languages. Says Mr. B. C. Allen,.in the Census Report of 1901, ~° There is prope ably no country in the world which affords a richer field for the philologist than Assam, for, though the popula- tion barely exceeds six millions, no less than 167 different languages were returned at the last census.’’ Many of these reported were the languages of foreigners, and Traveling in the Naga Hills 10 Miso FOND EN PASS AM many spoken by only a few, but after all possible deduc- tions have been made a bewildering number of languages remain. These can be conveniently divided into three general classes, the Bengali, spoken in the Surma Valley and to some extent in the lower part of the Brahma- putra Valley; the Assamese, the principal language of the Brahmaputra Valley; and the large number of in- digenous forms of speech belonging to the Tibeto-Burman family. The immigrant or tea garden people speak many Indian dialects, but nearly all use Hindi. In the Brahmaputra Valley they are rapidly acquiring Assam- ese, so that they are largely reached through that. Bengali is a Sanskritic language, spoken by more than forty millions of the people of Bengal. It is a language with a large and growing literature, both religious and secular. Assamese, too, isa Sanskritic language. This, also, has a literature, ancient and modern, but much more scant than has the similar though distinct language, Bengal1. The Tibeto-Burman family includes many languages, each intelligible only to the tribe using it. The largest of this family is the Bodo group, spoken by over 600,000. The largest tribes using uniform dialects are the Ka- charis, living mostly on the plains, the Garos and the Khasis. The other dialects are, so far as known, spoken by smaller numbers each. Of the Naga group Mr. Allen says, ‘‘ Villagers who live within sight of one another cannot converse, except in a language foreign to both.” While it is true, doubtless, that these primitive tongues have a tendency to die out, when brought into compe- tition with languages of a higher type, still they are one of the serious hindrances to mission work among these interesting, responsive peoples. We must take to them the message in their own tongues, for but few of them have more than a smattering of a mutually-used foreign tongue. RELIGIONS As with race and language, so with religion, Assam has been a battle-ground, and the results are like the It MISSTONS IN :;ASSAM composite photograph,— touched by all the exposures made. We may divide the religions found here before Christianity came into three main divisions: Hinduism, Mohammedanism and spirit-worship or Animism. The census of 1901 gives the numbers adhering to these reli- gions as follows: Hinds, 5G sper-cent., ar : : - 3,429,299 Mohammedans, 26 per cent., or . ; (. AL, 58 TIeI7 Animists;-Tysper, conercot se ; ; & 17068 R3H This does not include Christians and a few Buddhists. The people of the Surma Valley are closely related to the people of Bengal, and doubtless Hinduism and Mohammedanism there are much the same as in Bengal; but in the valley of the Brahmaputra their history is different, and so is said to be their character. . The people coming into the Assam Valley from the east were not originally Hindus, but after becoming established there were gradually Hinduized. Says Kev. —-Paagme Moore: Hinduism is a broad term, ranging from absolute monotheism on one extreme to polytheism multiplied to the 333-millionth degree on the other. . . . Remember that, though they call themselves Hindus, you will go very wide of the mark if you expect to find their beliefs agreeing with that of Hindus in other parts of India, as described in books on Hinduism. The de- nominations of Christians are numerous, but the differences of Hindus are legion. Assam is said, religiously, to have passed from primitive Hinduism, through Buddhism and Adi-Buddhism back again to Sivism and Vishnuism. There are scars of the fierce struggle that brought about all these changes. The conglomerate elements which mark the ethnic character of the people have their counterpart in the varied mosaics of relig- ious belief. As a class Hindus are idolatrous. Superstitious fear of their priests binds them with fetters of brass. Though confessing that lying is sin against God, they are notori- ous for their untruthfulness. Assam is a land of beauty, and one of the most attrac- tive parts of the whole valley is where, at Gauhati, the magnificent river, Son of Brahma, sweeps down between 12 MISSIONS IN ASSAM high hills clothed with everlasting verdure from summit to water’s edge, and swirls around Peacock Island, that emerald gem rising from the middle of the flood. Ona hilltop overlooking the whole beautiful scene stands the most famous temple in Assam, that of Kamakhya, a shrine of the Saktist worship, for which Assam is best known to the Hindu world. ‘“ One explanation of the Saktist doctrine,’ says Mr. Allen, ‘‘is that the lusts of the flesh prevent communion with God, and that the best way to overcome them is to indulge them to satiety.” Another explanation, by the president of the College of Pundits, Nadiya, is that “it was invented to justify the The Little Temple at Sibsagor habit of drinking which prevailed among Brahmans, and to enable them to compete with the secular courtiers in the struggle for the favor of the king.” In 1841 Robinson describes, in scathing terms, the ritual of this temple: As soon as the well-known sound of the drum is heard, calling the people to the midnight orgies, the dance and the song, whole multitudes assemble and the crowd becomes dense. 13 MISSIONS IN ASSAM The women employed to dance and sing on these occasions are those consecrated to the service of the temple, of whom it is reported there are no less than five hundred. Their presence, together with their filthy songs and more obscene dances, form the chief attractions. A song is scarcely tolerated which does not contain the most marked allusions to unchastity, while those which are so abominable that no person could report them out of the temple receive in general the loudest plaudits. With such priests, is it strange that the people are degraded? How loud is the mute call for the purest of all teachings, — that of the sinless Son of God! Mohammedans invaded Assam in the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries, and in the seventeenth became established in Kamrup and Goalpara. On the breaking up of the Mogul Empire, the Mussulmans in Assam were cut off from their coreligionists and became lax in their observances and doctrines. To quote Mr. Moore: Many of them hold the doctrines of Islam very loosely, or are very ignorant of what they are. Still they present a solid front against polytheism and idolatry; but the vices so characteristic of the followers of the prophet find a fertile soil and attain lux- urlant growth in the Mussulmans of Assam. Although no hour of the day goes past without lying and deceit, if with no more outrageous sins, do they not pray to the prophet four times a day, and will he not on this account plead effectually for them with the one God, whose prophet he is? Works of merit, to counterbalance their demerit before God, are the great desid- erata with both Mussulmans and Hindus. ‘‘ Blessed are the pure in heart’ is not among their Beatitudes. The Animists are not idolaters. To them the forests and streams and caves are the abodes of countless malignant spirits who are always bringing evil upon them, and who must be propitiated with animal sacri- fices. Theirs is a life of fear. Their thoughts are full of dread of these countless’ unseen enemies. Some may have a belief in benignant spirits, but they give them little thought. Their spirit-worship is a groping after God and an effort to reach his ear through a vicarious sacrifice, a yearning which the Lamb of God must satisfy or it goes forever unsatisfied. 14 Nelo LON DUN? 75.5 AM WORK OF OTHER SOCIETIES* Besides the work of the Missionary Union work is carried on by three other Protestant societies. The Welsh Calvinistic Methodists began in 1841 among the Khasis, a hill tribe numbering about 178,000, and occupying mainly the Khasi and Jaintia Hills, next east of the Garos, in the central range. Their work has been confined mostly to this people, although recently some work has been begun among the Lushais, a hill tribe to the south, bordering on Burma, where they are meeting with success. They have conducted a strongly manned, vigorous and eminently successful mission, both evangel- istic and educational. The revival fires in Wales spread to the Khasi Hills, and thence to other parts of India. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel also began work in 1841, among a semi-hinduized Bodo tribe of the plains, the Cacharis, at Tezpur, in Darrang. This society A Typical Garo Group has also for several years carried on a mission among the immigrant or tea garden population about Dibrugarh, in upper Assam. They have not met with large numeri- cal success. In the words of the government census of * See article by Rev. W. F. Dowd, in Missionary Magazine for September, 1907, page 369. 15 MIS So O N-6 90 Negoeoeve tgot, “ The efforts of the established church seem to have been singularly unblessed.”’ The German Evangelical Lutherans have in very recent years taken up work among the immigrant peoples of upper Assam. They have long carried on a successful mission work in central India, among the people from whom many of the tea garden laborers in Assam have been drawn, and recently they extended their work to Assam. Their principal work is in the Dibrugarh district. BEGINNINGS OF BAPTIST MISSIONS Our early Burma missionaries, in their frequent, ener- getic and courageous explorations, came often upon the hill people of the north of Burma, who attracted their attention. Inquiries brought from government officers the strongest appeals to undertake a mission among them. Rev. Nathan Brown, then in Moulmein, Burma, who seemed just the man for such work, was more than ready ‘for thesattempt..° In 1834 he wrote Ateree present time Sadiya [eastern Assam] is thus the most feasible entrance from the interior [of India] to the empire of China.’”’ Missionaries and officers and citizens of India approved and encouraged the project, and some of the latter offered large sums of money in aid. The Board at Bos- ton authorized the undertaking. Messrs. Nathan Brown and O. T. Cutter, with their families, arrived at Calcutta from Moulmein September 2, 1835. With each family inea@ Bengali boat they began their long journey from the latter city Novem- ber 20. Their frail craft were some five or six feet in width and twenty or thirty in length, with roofs of split bamboo and palm leaf. They passed through the great delta, up the Hooghly to the Ganges, down that to the Brahmaputra, and thence upward into Assam. Sometimes their boats 16 A Naga Sash MISSIONS IN ASSAM would be whirled about and down by the current, again dashed and torn by wind and rain, while the river was filled with turtles, porpoises and crocodiles, and the jungle with wild ele- phants, rhinoceroses, buffaloes, deer, tigers, leopards, wild hogs, jackals). snakes, ‘etc. They reached Sadiya, March 23, 1836, after a tedious journey of four months from Calcutta. A school was opened on June 6, which within a week had twenty boys, with five learning Eng- lish with ‘“‘ eagerness truly astonishing.” Oth- er schools were started in villages two and three miles away, managea by Mr. Cutter, who visited Naga Christian Workers them nearly every day; and zayats were built at differ- ent places by the roadside for preaching. Mr. Cutter also managed the press and printing, while Mr. Brown gave his attention to the preparation of books. By the twentieth of June, 1838, about twenty-seven months after their arrival, eleven books, containing 230 pages, had been prepared and 4,850 copies printed, or 135,850 pages, besides thirteen chapters of Matthew. The Board and the home churches followed the new missionaries with interest, and Rev. Jacob Thomas and Rev. Miles Bronson, with their wives, went out to join them. They reached Calcutta April 11, 1837, and fif- teen days later started on their long journey up the Brahmaputra. It was a most unfavorable time of the year. Their progress was slow. Malarial fever began to trouble them, and on June 20 Mr. Bronson was dan- gerously ill. Rain fell in torrents. Boatmen, unable to 17 Miss LOW Ss) UNG SAIS Seo advance, refused to move, so Mr. Thomas started for Sadiya, hoping to obtain medicine, assistance and more men to pull the boats. He approached within sight of his field, and within an hour of the mission house, when ‘two trees suddenly fell from the bank with a tremen- dous crash across the middle of his boat, which caused it instantly to sink.’ The natives claimed to have done their most to save him, but although the water was not deep, he was so held that they could not rescue him. Mr. and Mrs. Bronson and Mrs. Thomas were brought to Sadiya, where Mr. Bronson wrote: ‘“‘ Thus has closed our voyage up this mighty river. The first part of it was one of constant pleasure and enjoyment; of the latter part, how painful the remembrance !”’ The following spring (1838) Mr. and Mrs. Bronson left Sadiya for Jaipur, a new station. Soon rumors of war began to fill the atmosphere. The hill tribes became excited, suspicious and defiant, and massacres grew common. Sadiya was attacked, but neither the mis- sionaries nor their homes were harmed. The people fled, however, and the section became almost deserted. It seemed best, therefore, to remove to Jaipur, and on May 12, 1839, after a little over three years in Sadiya, they left homes, zayats and schoolhouses, and with all their goods and the printing presses, moved to the new station and another chapter of the history was begun. Among the Nagas Jaipur had been selected because it was the head- quarters of the new tea industry and had a fair prospect of rapid growth. Chinese and other laborers were com- ing from Calcutta. Kamptis and Singphos were near, on the road into Burma. The following January (1839) Mr. Bronson, with his assistant, a lad from Mrs. Cutter’s school in Sadiya, made a trip to the Naga Hills. The Nagas were much excited at the approach of a white man, and it was three days before they reluctantly permitted his entrance to the village. He won his way 18 MISSIONS IN ASSAM into their confidence, and then returned to Jaipur, just in time to hear of the troubles at Sadiya. Early in 1840 he and his family removed to the Naga village, and the same year Rev. Cyrus Barker, Mrs. Barker and Mr. Bronson’s sister, Miss Rhoda Bronson, reached Jaipur from America. Miss Bronson’s service lasted only seven months, when she was called to her heavenly home. On account of the lack of workers, and much sickness, together with the smallness of the tribe, 1t was with great reluctance decided to give up this work among the Nagas, and to turn attention to the Assamese. In 1843 Jaipur was also abandoned. The work accomplished during the seven anda half years had been noteworthy. Thou- sands of copies of tracts and scripture portions had been prepared, printed in different languages and distributed. A few converts of the stronger and more useful character had been gathered and baptized. 62 several languages. e) S = The Orunodoy, or Star of the East, ae C8 FS was issued monthly in Assamese BON S for a good many years. Later its ce & place has been taken by the Dzptt. g5So° The little Garo monthly, Ackitknit Ripeng, or Garo’s Friend, is now in its twenty-ninth year and has been most helpful. It is self-evident that much more needs to be done in producing a wholesome, stimulating, morally elevating literature for these peoples just emerging from heathen- ism, and many of them from savagery. It must be done, if they are to be developed as they should be. They will read. ‘There is an abundance of evil literature. We must see that there is a supply of the wholesome and helpful. A Garo Necklace MEDICAL WORK Medical mission work is loudly demanded on such a field, especially among the spirit-worshipers. ENe Aton eM Roster of Missionaries to Assam Complete to May 1, 1909 Abbreviations: m., married; * deceased while in service; + retired from the mission and still living (1909); {retired from the mission and since deceased. NAME DaTE OF ARRIVAL *Amy, Miss Waura Al (metRever|ovle Caryell)ic. a 0unu ese Wee notes nnn CSCS * Barker, REvs Cyrus. easy strides Bae ce eo. ee es ee ee ae tBarker;. Mrs: JanesWeston sneer: “ons fe oss 6) ae ee ce ot eT ee Boggs; Rev:.S.A°6D eae pcre meiartn vole sacs: <2) Weisser Se ES Boggs, Mrs.) IsadorevWinitneyue cme. fs es et, tinct eal Bond,. Miss Ella Coe rewemeen ey Atos Ce a et Re et ec ee ee TCS Bowers, Rev. A.C. .. :; soae. s/n AR ee eee eee Bowers, Mrs. Florence G. Halll hay se 5 eo utak uae TO +Brandt, Miss Anna V. (m. Rev. R. Maotecden, of South India) ps 1881 *Bronson, Rev. Miles (m. Mrs. F. A. S. Danforth; Miss Mary D. Raaiinl 1836 * Bronson, Mrs:-Ruthe Mel sCaStaiaesn: sme. ieee ene me eres * Bronson; MissuR hodavMsayyce sien eas oe ee a So er * Bronson, \Miss:Maria Scan waw ems bere tues me. st mite Oe rons ny eee tBrown, Rev. Nathan .. . sialg totes Se “alps Schon eas eis pos ace be en EC tBrown, Mrs. Eliza W. Ballard eAree, yO et yO eee +Burdette, Rev. C. E. (m. Miss Miriam Ruseeliy oh St Ue i: See, OR Seo Carvell, Revs JicMes(mesMisstvatira Ay Amy.) ce) eee) ee eee re cee Carvell,-Mrs.Alice®Ma.Parker aye... 2 6, Ge ch Ue hae td ee TS Clark, .Rev. ESWiAce ree cose ueetn is bo eo.) nas Boks wae ee 2 ac ia TCL Clark; Mrs>: Mary; Mead fecpaneeen ten sr tComfort;("Revi: MisBi eye ol is ie Pest eee tComfort, Mrs. Jennie E. : APE COO tCraighead, Rev. James (as Miss Ta nti Kishore of Burial oe ies eC Se *Craighead = Mrs.2 ida sis amm ei ris v cope. so neue ce Nz, a mn an foe Crozier; -Rev.. GEG. Dites ee at eso ei eee eee nee Crozier; “Mrs: Mabel ane mne tScott, Mrs. Anna H. Kay, M. D. Wennantad: to China i in gaat tShaw, Miss M. S. (m. Rev. G. Dauble) Ae ease Stephen, Rev. A. E. Stephen, Mrs. Maggie Systane: +Stoddard, Rev. I. J. an: +Stoddard, Mrs. Drusilla Allen. *Sumner, Miss Alberta (m. Rev. A. J. Perens Swanson, Rev. O. L. ae Soe rae Swanson, Mrs. Hebe Wenberes bor a OF eC are tSweet, Miss Anna M. (m. Rev. C. D. pea *Thomas, Rev. Jacob {Thomas, Mrs. Sarah M. Willsey (a eu S. M. Gamo of Burke} +Tolman, Rev. C. F. ies {Tolman, Mrs. Mary R. Braveens Tuttle, Rev. A. J. ee ‘ Tuttle, Mrs. Byaricss ke Desdon ; *Ward, Rev. William *Ward, Mrs. Cordelia S. *Ward, Mrs. Susan R. +Wherrett, Miss Gertrude tWhiting, Rev.S.M. .. tWhiting, Mrs. Elizabeth Flint Wilson, Miss Isabella T Watters Rev VW) ee eens +Witter, Mrs. Mary A. Potter . Th abes- uVLiss Nora yl 834-1 Ed.-5 M-June, 1909. Price 10 cents. 44 1907 1885 1887 1872 1883 1883 1907 1894 1878 1862 1862 1850 1893 1894 1847 1847 1896 1893 1893 1875 1836 1836 1858 1858 Igo! I901 1850 1850 1860 1900 1850 1850 1895 1883 1883 189Q1