; PEw 
 
 ~ WITH AN APPENDIX, 
 
 CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 
 
 3 By the late 
 
 IMAD-UD-DIN, D.D. 
 
 Sees we 
 
 London: 
 
 SALISBURY ee a E.C, 
 
 oe ape 
 
MOHAMMEDAN CONVERTS 
 
 TO 
 
 GHRISTIANITY IN INDIA. 
 
 By the late 
 REV. IMAD-UD-DIN, D.D. 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX. 
 
 Dondon: 
 CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 
 SALISBURY SQUARE, E.C. 
 
THE LATE REV. DR. IMAD-UD-DIN. 
 
 pe en AE 
 
 Ste following paper was written by the late Rev. Maulvi Imad-ud-din, 
 
 D.D., himself a convert from Mohammedanism. He had been 
 invited to attend the ‘World’s Parliament of Religions” at Chicago in 1893, 
 and to read a paper. He declined the invitation to attend, but sent this 
 paper, written by himself in Urdu, and translated into English by Dr. 
 Henry Martyn Clark. 
 
 A few words about the writer will lend additional interest to this 
 remarkable production. Iie was born in the city of Panipat, of which 
 place his father was an honoured citizen. He was a lineal descendant 
 of a famous saint, Qutab Jamal of Hansi, through whom the family line 
 goes in direct descent to Mushzad, one of the sons of the Sassanian King 
 Nausherwan of Persia, celebrated as ‘Nausherwan the Just.” This Mush- 
 zad was a Christian, and it was a favourite reply of Imad-ud-din, when 
 reproached for abandoning the faith of his fathers, to say, ‘ Nay, verily, we 
 have but returned from wandering in error to the faith of our father, for 
 at the head of our family there stands a Christian, and by God’s grace 
 a good Christian too.” He became, when a young man, a disciple of the 
 famous Maulvi Rahmat Ullah of Agra, a consistently bitter enemy of the 
 British Government, by whom a price was placed on his head about the 
 time of the Mutiny. He fled to Constantinople, where he died. Before 
 the Mutiny this Maulvi and three other champions of Islam, including 
 his disciples, Sufdar Ali and Imad-ud-din, engaged in controversy with 
 Dr. Pfander and Mr. (afterwards Bishop) Valpy French. They were 
 unconvinced then, but three of the four became eventually followers of 
 Christ. Imad-ud-din was baptized by the late Rev. Robert Clark, of the 
 C.M.S. Punjab Mission, on April 29, 1866; he was ordained Deacon in 
 1868 and Priest in 1872. The degree of D.D. was conferred on him in 
 1884 by Dr. Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, in recognition of his literary 
 labours. He was the author of twenty-four Christian books, averaging 
 II15 pages each. He died at Amritsar, on August 28, 1900, in the 
 very room where thirty-four years previously he had visited Mr. Clark to 
 arrange for his baptism. Mr. Clark had died three months before, and was 
 interred, in accordance with a wish he had expressed, in the Native 
 
 Christian Cemetery at Amritsar, and his son in the faith was laid to rest 
 by his side. 
 
MOHAMMEDAN 
 CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANITY 
 IN INDIA. 
 
 Being an account of the effects of the teaching of the Bible amongst the 
 Mohammedans of India, together with a consideration of the question 
 how many of them have become Christians and why. 
 
 DESIRE to preface my remarks by giving thanks to God 
 Almighty for all His blessings temporal and eternal, 
 and most of all for the unspeakable gift of His Son to 
 us, and I desire to express my heartfelt obligations to 
 
 those holy and honoured men who, inspired solely by the love of 
 
 Christ and under the leadings of His Holy Spirit, have been the 
 
 well-wishers and loving friends of us Christians in India, and who 
 
 remember us on all occasions, and cease not to make mention of 
 us to God in their prayers. We for generations back had been 
 sitting in darkness and in the shadow of death. By the grace of 
 
 God and by His blessing on the labours, prayers, and afflictions 
 
 of these honoured friends, the Sun of Righteousness has risen on 
 
 us too with healing in His wings. We now to some extent know 
 
 God and have learnt concerning His will and His only-begotten 
 
 Son ; and it is only since we have come into the light of God 
 
 that we have been able at all duly to appreciate the labours of 
 
 these loving friends on our behalf; for which we now heartily 
 thank them. 
 
 I have been invited recently to attend the World’s Conference 
 of Religions to be held in connexion with the World’s Fair at 
 
 Chicago. In view of the length and difficulties of travel, my 
 
4 
 
 bodily weakness and unworthiness, I have been constrained to 
 decline and have had myself excused. In my absence I desire 
 to present this paper concerning the results of the teaching of 
 Scripture amongst Indian Mohammedans, and to what extent 
 and in what manner these results have been attained. I shall not 
 in this paper refer in the slightest to the results of work among 
 the followers of the other religions of India, though their votaries 
 are now flocking into the Church of Christ in constantly increasing 
 crowds. That most important subject will doubtless receive 
 adequate treatment at the hands of others. 
 
 Before I go further into the matter in hand, it is necessary that 
 I should refer briefly to myself, for I was myself at one time a 
 Mohammedan, though by the grace of God I am now a Christian. 
 I know my forefathers by name for the last thirty generations. 
 They were all Mohammedans, and amongst them have been some 
 renowned champions of the faith of Islam. I was born in the 
 town of Panipat, near Delhi, about the year 1830, and from my 
 earliest youth my steadfast desire was to learn all things concerning 
 Mohammedanism, and to spend my life in its defence and in its 
 propagation. I was sent at the age of sixteen years to Agra for 
 my education, and there I was taught in matters concerning the 
 faith of Islam by men of light and learning and note amongst 
 Mohammedans, and in order that my secular education should 
 not suffer, I at this time entered as a student in the Government 
 College at Agra, and in that institution I remained five years. 
 Having completed my curriculum in Oriental learning, I passed 
 out of the College with credit, having obtained my degree and 
 testimonials with honour. From boyhood until the year 1860, 
 I most earnestly and true-heartedly observed all the precepts of 
 Mohammedanism in their minutest details with much pain and 
 weariness, and I dived also into the waters of Sufiism and tested 
 it. For three years I preached in the Royal Jama Musjid of 
 Agra, and for many years I preached in numberless mosques all 
 over the country. I was a determined opponent of the Christian 
 
S 
 
 faith, but I found nothing in Mohammedanism from which an 
 unprejudiced man might in his heart derive true hope and real 
 comfort, though I searched for it earnestly in the Koran, the 
 Traditions, and also in Sufiism. Rites, ceremonies, and theories 
 I found in abundance, but not the slightest spiritual benefit does 
 aman get by acting on them. He remains fast held in the grip 
 of darkness and death. As the result of much such painful 
 experience and quite of its own motion my heart was no longer 
 willing to submit to the profitless weariness of Mohammedanism, 
 nevertheless I thought none the better of Christianity, nor did 
 I cease to oppose it with all my might. 
 
 In 1864 I met an aged, God-fearing, honourable English lay- 
 man who was in Government service, and in conversation with 
 him the talk happened to turn on the true faith—which one is it 
 amongst the many faiths of the world? He contended the 
 Christian faith is the true one; I maintained that there was not 
 one that was true. All faiths, I held, were merely a collection of 
 the thoughts and customs of men, and that nothing whatever was 
 to be gained by following any of them, and I told him that this 
 observation of mine was the result of years of painstaking and 
 conscientious endeavour and inquiry. ‘ But,’ said the gentleman, 
 ‘have you really honestly examined the Christian faith and have 
 you found it lacking?’ I said, ‘Yes, I have, and I have found 
 it false.’ I lied. He replied, ‘Is it ea//y true, this, that you say 
 that you have examined Christianity and found it wrong?’ 
 Hearing the word ‘true’ from his mouth I was ashamed before 
 God; and I said, ‘Sir, I have not yet myself tested this faith, 
 nor have I as yet read the Bible and informed myself concerning 
 its principles ; but having read all that the Mohammedan con- 
 troversialists have to say against Christianity, on the strength of 
 that I declare that this religion also is false,’ and this really was 
 the true state of the case. He said to me, ‘And what answer 
 will you give to God at the last day? He has given the light of 
 reason to every one, and it is the duty of each man to use the 
 
6 
 
 reason God has so given. You have not yet exercised your 
 reason concerning the faith of Christ ; and yet you declare it to 
 be false on the strength of the mere statement of others. This 
 is to follow others blindly instead of honestly inquiring for your- 
 self into the matter.’ 
 
 The words so pierced my heart that from that moment I gave 
 myself up whole-heartedly to examine into the Christian faith. 
 This I did unremittingly for two years, and having come to the 
 conclusion that the religion of Christ is the true faith, I was 
 baptized on April 29, 1866. From that day to this, for nearly 
 twenty seven years, it has been my thought night and day how to 
 rescue Mohammedans from the errors in which they are plunged ; 
 and by the grace of God I have written a number of books, big 
 and little, for their benefit, twenty-four in all. These have been 
 printed and circulated by the Punjab Religious Book Society, 
 A number have passed through several editions, and all are at 
 this time sold over the whole country. Now whatever seemed to 
 me to be necessary to write for Mohammedans I have written. 
 I am now engaged on a Life of Christ in Urdu. This will appear 
 in a series of books, of which each will be published as soon as it 
 is ready. The first book of the series has already appeared, the 
 second is now ready for the press, and the third is being written. 
 
 Even as the Lord has had mercy on me and has called me into 
 His Church, in like manner has He shown His grace to many 
 other Mohammedans also, who too have now been or are being 
 called by Him. 
 
 I now wish to consider two questions: firstly, to what extent 
 any result has been produced in the way of direct accessions to 
 Christianity from amongst Mohammedans; and secondly, how, if 
 any, has this result been brought about. 
 
 As regards the first point, let it be noted it is now some hundred 
 years since Christian Missions were commenced in India. Before 
 that time Mohammedans spoke of the Christian faith in the 
 terms of the Koran and Hadis Traditions in such a way that it 
 
7 
 
 was looked upon as degraded and erroneous by the people. 
 Since the year 1800, when William Carey commenced work in a': 
 part of Bengal, things have gradually gone forward until now the 
 Christian faith is discussed all over the land. Only forty-five 
 years have passed since Christianity was introduced into the 
 Punjab, When Carey landed in India, the condition of the land 
 was such that from the standpoint of mere worldly wisdom it was 
 simply impossible that the Christian religion should spread in 
 this country. The Hindus and Mohammedans of that time were 
 strong in their faith, most bigoted and hard of heart, and were 
 firmly intrenched behind the citadel of their own pride and over- 
 weening self-sacrifice. Nevertheless, what worldly wisdom could 
 not see was revealed to the eye of the Christian faith of Carey, to 
 wit, that to Christ shall assuredly the victory be in this land. 
 He will conquer in India now, even as He has conquered in other 
 lands in the past. This, too, is the intense conviction nowadays 
 of us Christians here, and our expectation from God is that some 
 day our land will certainly be Christian even as Great Britain 
 now is. However much our enemies, Hindus, Mohammedans, 
 Dayanandis, and others, may oppose and revile, the time is most 
 assuredly coming when they will not be found even for the seeking. 
 We shall have only two sorts of people then—the people of God 
 and the people of the world who serve their own lusts. The 
 trend of national life amongst us is now setting swiftly and surely 
 in this direction. Thus also has it ever been in the history of 
 the past. Such also, as may be historically demonstrated, are 
 invariably the results of education. 
 
 During the first half of the century under review, the progress 
 has not been great; nevertheless to some extent converts were 
 gathered in. At that period, Agra, the central city of the whole 
 land and then the seat of Government of the United Provinces, 
 was the place where discussions and religious inquiries were most 
 actively carried on. At that time it is noteworthy the ordination 
 of the first native minister in the United Provinces took place, 
 
8 
 
 and he was a convert from Mohammedanism. His name was 
 Abdul Masih; and in Agra a compound is named after him and 
 is still remembered as the place where discussions used to be 
 held. After these discussions during the second half of the 
 period under review, Mohammedans began to come into the 
 Church in larger numbers. Sayad Wilayat Ali, of the Tajgang 
 District of the city of Agra, had the courage to confess Christ, 
 and was baptized with all his family. He suffered martyrdom for 
 the faith in Delhi during the Mutiny. Then Mirza Ghulam 
 Ahmed, a member of the Royal House of Delhi, came out from 
 the very fort and palace of Delhi and became a Christian under 
 the name of Mirza Ghulam Masih. He died in 1892, and is 
 buried in the Christian cemetery in Amritsar. About that time 
 a valiant-hearted man, Abdulla Athim, declared for Christ in 
 Amballa. He is now enjoying his pension after years of honour- 
 able service as Extra Assistant Commissioner. He is now with 
 us in Amritsar. Then came a certain Maulvi Walud-ud-din, a 
 member of an honourable family in Delhi. He was baptized. 
 I am informed that he was the brother-in-law of Maulvi Sadid-ud- 
 din Khan, Professor of Arabic in the University of Calcutta. 
 All his life long he was a consistent Christian, and some two 
 years ago he died in much comfort, glorifying the faith, and was 
 buried by the S.P.G. missionaries in Delhi, who conducted the 
 funeral service. It is difficult to say exactly how many Moham- 
 medans have become converts, for no separate list is kept in 
 Missions of converts from Islam ; all converts are entered alike in 
 the Church of Christ. 
 
 The figures in one of our Churches in the Amritsar District 
 show that in forty years there have been 956 baptisms ; amongst 
 this number there are 152 Mohammedan converts. The register 
 of the Baptist Mission at Delhi shows 28 such converts. Now- 
 adays there are Churches all over India, and in every Church 
 there are baptisms from amongst Mohammedans. I have quoted 
 the figures for two Churches; from these it may be inferred as 
 
9 
 
 regards the others what baptisms take place from amongst 
 Mohammedans. Amongst those baptized there are all sorts and 
 conditions of men, rich and poor, high and low, men and women, 
 children, learned and unlearned, tradesmen, servants, all kinds 
 and classes of Mohammedans whom the Lord our God hath 
 called are coming into His Church. 
 
 In the Diocese of the Punjab there are 17 native ministers in 
 connexion with the Church Missionary Society. Of this number 
 no less than 9g are converts from Islam; and amongst the 
 catechists there are more than 20 ex-Mohammedans, converts 
 who are now preaching the Gospel of Christ. In the same way 
 in other parts of India those who were once Mohammedans are 
 now declaring the glory of Christ. I append the names of some 
 of the more notable amongst them.* I deal specially with the 
 Punjab and to a limited extent with Northern, Central, and 
 Western India. I have not referred to South India at all, and 
 even then the lists which I give in the Appendix are by no means 
 exhaustive, and I crave pardon of those whom I may, from 
 ignorance, have omitted. 
 
 The question now remains, What may we learn from the things 
 that I have stated? First, then, it is evident that learned 
 Mohammedans are coming in larger numbers into the fold of 
 Christ than the unlearned, because they are better educated ; 
 and, secondly, that so far from the situation being devoid of 
 hope, it is big with blessings. 
 
 There was a time when the conversion of a Mohammedan to 
 Christianity was looked on as a wonder. Now they have come 
 and are coming in their thousands. Compared with converts 
 from amongst Hindus, converts from amongst Mohammedans are 
 fewer far. Where there are ten thousand from amongst Hindus, 
 there are a thousand from amongst Mohammedans. ‘This back- 
 wardness to come into the Church of Christ is but part and parcel 
 of Mohammedan backwardness and sluggishness in all other 
 
 * Vide Appendix. 
 
Io 
 
 matters. Backwardness seems to be their fate in all things. 
 Let any one in the world declare, if he is able, in what 
 one thing they have progressed. There was a time of their 
 ascendency when Mohammedans conquered many lands. ‘That 
 speedily went by. Since then nothing is to be seen in Islam, all 
 the Mohammedan world over, but decay on decay. As soon as 
 the rule of the British was established in India, the Government 
 made most excellent arrangements for the education of the 
 people. Four colleges were created in the northern part of 
 India, before ever there was an Educational Department under 
 the direct management of the Lieutenant-Governor himself. 
 Hindus were so quick to see their advantage that these colleges 
 were filled with their children. Mohammedans avoided these 
 colleges, thinking that English education would mean ruin to 
 their faith. After some years the natural result was that Govern- 
 ment posts of trust and honour were almost universally filled by 
 Hindus, and the Mohammedans were left empty-handed and 
 went on from bad to worse. When the evil effects of this ruinous 
 policy of theirs became apparent, Sir Sayad Ahmed Khan, C.S.L, 
 drew the attention of his co-religionists to the state of things, and 
 since then some of them have taken to the study of English, but 
 it is not possible for them now to make up lost ground and rival the 
 Hindus. The reason of the backwardness of Mohammedans and 
 their low estate in things religious, as well as things worldly, is the 
 same—it is simply and solely the teaching of Mohammed, and 
 the foolish things that obtain amongst them. These render all 
 effort at progress hopeless. Nevertheless, we may thank God 
 that such numbers have become Christians from amongst them, 
 and are now jealous for the faith, and are an example to their 
 brethren still in Mohammedan darkness. 
 
 It still remains to be considered in what way the results of 
 which I have spoken in the first part of this paper have been pro- 
 duced. The hidden and real cause, of. course, is the grace of 
 God. He, according to His promises, is gathering into His 
 
If 
 
 Church from amongst all nations those that are being saved, even 
 as He has done from the first (Acts xi. 47). The other causes 
 are certain manifest things. 
 
 The first 1s the freedom for individuals to follow their own 
 beliefs which the British have conferred on India. This is a great 
 blessing, which God has as yet withheld from the peoples under 
 the sway of Mohammedan rulers. When tolerance and freedom 
 obtain in those lands, there also will many become Christians. 
 
 The second reason is that God has been pleased to send His 
 blessing on the efforts, self-denial, and labours of loving-hearted, 
 devoted saints of His in this land. 
 
 The third reason is one which obtains especially in India, 
 because of it learned Mohammedans are being converted to 
 Christianity, and it is this: From 1850 till the present day, great 
 discussions and continual strivings about things religious have 
 gone on between Christians and Mohammedans. These began 
 in Agra, and by means of these Mohammedans, and others as 
 well, have not only learnt how to investigate faiths, but have been 
 very greatly incited by these people to speak and think. So the 
 hidden things of various faiths have been thoroughly brought to 
 light. It is not necessary for Christians or Mohammedans now 
 to engage in further controversy. All about Mohammedanism 
 that it was necessary to say has been said, and whatever Moham- 
 medans could do against Christianity they had done to the utmost. 
 We may now truly say the battle has been fought out in India, 
 not only between Christianity and Mohammedanism, but also 
 between Christianity and all that is opposed to it in all the earth. 
 
 In the beginning the learned men of Islam opposed the 
 Christian faith according to the teachings of their own religion. 
 When they were defeated, they took counsel with the faithless of 
 Europe, Africa, and America, and defended themselves with the 
 thoughts and arguments of these contemners of God. They 
 opposed us with the atheistical arguments of men of other lands. 
 By the grace of God the Christians of this land so effectually 
 
h2 
 
 answered them that there too they were silenced. The books of 
 both sides now abound in every bazaar. Whoso is a true 
 inquirer into the things of God, will by reading them without 
 prejudice be led to the conclusion that the faith of Christ is true ; 
 Mohammedans and others are now so utterly crushed and anni- 
 hilated that they will not recover themselves until the day of judg- 
 ment. Of course, the prejudiced and blinded will say as they are 
 minded,—let them say,—but the honest follower of truth will 
 accept none of their statements, but will for himself prove all 
 things. 
 
 The books in question to which I have referred have been, 
 many of them, published by the Religious Book Society of the 
 Punjab. If they could be translated into English and sent all 
 over the Mohammedan world, the result would be very beneficial. 
 
 Two other things remain to be said. I say them to those who 
 are fellow-labourers with me in Christ. Our first work is to make 
 ready the way of the Lord ; we have to remove the many stones 
 which lie in the way (Isaiah lxii. 10), and then when, after 
 abounding labour, results appear small, be not disheartened. 
 Remember always, no one can come unto Christ unless the 
 Father draw him. Go on with your work, my brothers, your 
 labour is not in vain if it be in the Lord. The Lord will prosper 
 His own work, and His works are wonderful and past all finding 
 out. Let that also never be forgotten which is written in the 
 closing chapter of the Book of the Prophet Daniel: ‘ And they 
 that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and 
 they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and 
 ever. Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be 
 increased. Many shall purify themselves and make themselves 
 white and be refined ; but the wicked shall do wickedly, and none 
 of the wicked shall understand ; but they that be wise shall under- 
 stand.’ ‘These verses are now being fulfilled; and so—Farewell. 
 
 IMAD-UD-DIN Lauiz, D.D. 
 Amritsar, March, 1893. 
 
t3 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Christian Converts of some distinction from Mohammedanism 
 
 in Indta. 
 
 I. Native Clergy in connexion with the Church Missionary Society. 
 
 Lo 
 
 74 
 
 “I 
 
 Rev. Mulaim-ud-din, Dera Ismail Khan, C.M.S. Baptizedin the Church 
 of Scotland Mission, Sialkot. 
 
 Rev. Maliq Muhammed Hamid Ishaq, Pastor, Dera Ghazi Khan. 
 Baptized, Amritsar, March, 1870, C.M.S. 
 
 . Rev. Imam Shah, Pastor, Peshawar. Baptized, Peshawar, C.M.S. 
 . Rev. Fatteh Muhammad, now known as Fatteh Masih, Pastor and 
 
 Evangelist, Fattehgarh. Baptized, Amritsar, 1877, C.M.S. 
 Rev. Mirza Yaqub Ali. Baptized, S.P.G., Delhi, 1864. Lahore, C.M.S. 
 Rev. Miyan Sadiq, Pastor of about 400 Christians, Ajnala, Amritsar. 
 Baptized, Amritsar, February, 1857, C.M.S. 
 
 . Rev. Ihsan Ullah, Pastor and Evangelist, Narowal, Sialkot. Baptized 
 
 April 21, 1878. Narowal, C.M.S. 
 
 . Rev. Qasim Khan. Baptized, Jabalpur, 1864, C.M.S., Sukkur, C.M.S. 
 . I myself, the writer, Amritsar, C.M.S. 
 
 Gentlemen occupying various positions :— 
 
 . Sheikh Ghulam Masih, Member of the Royal House of Delhi, Catechist 
 
 and Lay Pastor, Jandiala, Amritsar, C.M.S. 
 
 . Maulvi Nur-ud-din, Catechist, Amritsar, of an honourable family of 
 
 Batala. Baptized, Lahore, C.M.S., 1872; C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Subhan Bakhsh, Catechist, Amritsar, C.M.S. 
 . Munshi Rahmat Masih Waiz, Catechist and Poet, Batala, C.M.S. 
 . Mr. Abdulla Athim, late Extra Assistant Commissioner. Pensioner, 
 
 Honorary Missionary, C.M.S., Amritsar. Baptized, C.M.S. Sindh; 
 C.M.S: 
 
 . Miyan Talib Masih, Head Catechist, Muzaffargarh, C.M.S. 
 . Sayad Ghulam Qadir Shah, Catechist, Dera Ghazi Khan, C.M.S. 
 
 Descendant of Mohammed. Baptized, C.M.S., Lahore, 1871. 
 
 . Munshi Mir Alam Sahib, Preacher, Multan. Baptized 1887, C.M.S. 
 
 A descendant of the founder of Dera Ghazi Khan. 
 
 . Munshi Ali Bakhsh, Divinity Student, Lahore, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Nasir-ud-din, Native Doctor, Bahrwal, Amritsar, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Fazl-ud-din, Catechist, Srinagar, Kashmir, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Qutub-ud-din Khan, son of an Afghan General in Kabul. 
 
 Prepared for baptism at C.M.S., Peshawar. Baptized by Church of 
 Scotland Mission, Sialkot, 1865. Catechist, Tarn Taran, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Hyder Khan, brother of the above, Divinity Student, Lahore, C.M.S. 
 . Sheikh Waris-ud-din, Preacher, Jandiala, Amritsar. Baptized, Narowal, 
 
 1874, C.M.S. 
 
 . Maulvi Amir-ud-din, Head Catechist, Hyderabad, Sindh, C.M.S. 
 . Munshi Yaqub Khan, Schoolmaster, Kotgur, C.M.S. 
 
14 
 
 . Miyan Ashiq Ullah, Preacher, Peshawar. Baptized C.M.S., Peshawar, 
 
 1870; C.M.S. 
 Maulvi Ilahi Bakhsh, Divinity Student, Lahore, C. M.S. 
 Maulvi Karm-ud-din, Divinity Student, Lahore. Baptized Tarn Taran, 
 C.M.S. 
 Maulvi Nizam-ud-din, Divinity Student, Lahore, C.M.S. 
 
 . Maulvi Hamid Ullah Khan, Catechist, Peshawar. Baptized, Peshawar, 
 
 1880, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Aziz-ud-din Khan, Head Catechist, Peshawar. Baptized, Pesha- 
 
 war, 1884, C.M.S. 
 
 . Qazi Khair Ullah Khan, son ofa leading Afghan Qazi in Yusufzai. Editor, 
 
 Peshawar, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Jalal-ud-din Khan, Catechist, Dera Ismail Khan, C.M.S. 
 . Munshi Ghulam Qadir Khan, Catechist, Preacher, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 . Munshi Fazl-ud-din, Extra Assistant Commissioner, Forest Department, 
 
 Amritsar, C.M.S. 
 
 . Dr. Miran Bakhsh Utarid, Assistant Surgeon, Batala. Baptized October 
 
 14, 1874. Amritsar, C.M.S. 
 
 . Chaudhri Nizam-ud-din, Landowner, Badomali. Baptized, Ajnala, 
 
 C.M.S. 1891. Two sons of this gentleman are now being educated in 
 England. 
 
 . Miyan Niku Shah, ex-President and now Municipal Commissioner, 
 
 Narowal. Baptized, Narowal, 1874, C.M.S. 
 
 . Master Ghulam Muhai-ud-din Khan, a descendant of the famous Faizi, 
 
 Prime Minister of the Emperor Akbar. Master, Abbottabad, C.M.S. 
 
 . Dr. Najm-ud-din, Doctor, Dera Ghazi Khan, C.M.S. 
 . Mirza Nauroz Ali, Merchant, of Persian descent, Amritsar, now reading 
 
 for the Bar in London, Baptized, C.M.S., Narowal, 1886. 
 
 . Dr. Barkhurdar Khan, Physician, Raja of Chamba, Chamba. Baptized, 
 
 C.M.S., Amritsar, June, 1884. 
 
 . Munshi Mansur, formerly Baqr Ali, Teacher, Amritsar, C.M.S. 
 . Munshi Abdul Ghani, of an honourable Kashmiri family. Preacher, 
 
 Sultanwind, C.M.S. 
 
 . Dr. Muhammad Ali, Zahir. Baptized 1886, Narowal, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Aziz-ud-din, Beas, Amritsar, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Gulab Khan, Preacher, Tank, Dera Ismail Khan, C.M.S. 
 
 . Dr. Inayat Ullah Nasir, Assistant Surgeon, Pathankot. Baptized, 
 
 Narowal, C.M.S. 
 
 . Babu Umr-ud-din, Majitha, C.M.S. 
 
 . Munshi Karim Bakhsh, Lahore, C.M.S. 
 
 . Babu Khuda Bakhsh, Government Pensioner, Clarkabad, C.M.S. 
 
 . Chaudhri Mansabdar, Zaildar, Dhrag, Sialkot. Baptized, Narowal, 
 
 1892, C.M.S. 
 
 . Sayad Hazrat Ali, Sahib, Naib-Tahsildar, a descendant of Mohammed. 
 
 Baptized, Peshawar, 1877, C.M.S. 
 
 . Maulvi Sayad Ali Khan, Sahib, of Swat. Baptized, C.M.S., Amritsar, 
 
 a man of weight and position amongst Afghans. 
 
 . Munshi Azim Khan, Preacher, Dhrag, Sialkot, C.M.S. 
 
15 
 
 . Maulvi Ghulam Akbar Khan, Afghan, from Swat. Baptized, C.M.S., 
 
 Amritsar, January, 1888 ; died 1892. 
 
 . Yahya Baqr Khan, Merchant of Central Asia. Baptized in Peshawar, 
 
 C.M.S., 1855; died some years ago at Shikarpur, 
 
 . Subhadar Dilawar Khan, Guide Corps, Mardan. Killed in Chitral while 
 
 onan embassy sent by Lord Mayo on behalf of the English Government. 
 Baptized, C.M.S., Peshawar, 1858. 
 
 . Shah Munir Khan, Afghan landowner of Zaida. Baptized, C.M.S., 
 
 Peshawar, 1863; recently dead. 
 
 . Fazl-i-Haqq Khan, Afghan, of Yusufzai. Baptized, C.M.S., Peshawar, 
 
 1860 ; recently dead. 
 
 . Miyan Paulus, formerly Hussain Bakhsh, Headman, Narowal. Baptized, 
 
 C.M.S., Amritsar, 1854; deceased. 
 
 . Qazi Khalil Shah, Kashmiri Shawl Merchant, Baptized, Narowal, 1887, 
 
 C.M.S. ; now resident in Bombay. 
 
 . Munshi Qadir Bakhsh. Baptized fifty years ago at Ludhiana by 
 
 American Presbyterian Mission. Srinagar, Kashmir, C.M.S. 
 
 . Rafi Ullah Khan, Afghan of Swat. Baptized, C.M.S., Amritsar ; now 
 
 Dispenser in Quetta Medical Mission, C.M.S. 
 
 Clergy and leading men in other Punjab Missions :— 
 
 . Rev. Imam Masih. Baptized, C.M.S., Amritsar; Baptist Mission, Delhi. 
 . Rev. Imam-ud-din, Shahbaz, United Presbyterian Church of America, 
 
 Sialkot. Baptized, Amritsar, C.M.S., September, 1876. 
 
 . Rev. Abdullah, Jullundur, American Presbyterian Mission. 
 . Rey. Ahmad Shah, Jagraon, American Presbyterian Mission. 
 
 Rev. Aziz-ul-Haq. Baptized, C.M.S., Amritsar, Dinanaggar, American 
 U.P. Mission. 
 
 Rev. Hamid-ud-din, Saliq, Pasrur, American U.P. Mission. _ Baptized, 
 C.M.S., Narowal. 
 
 . Rev. Amir Khan, Hoshiarpur, American Presbyterian Mission. 
 . Sayad Hassan Ali, Safir. Baptized, American Presbyterian Mission, 
 
 Lahore. A Christian poet, a descendant of Mohammed, Editor of 
 The Nur Afshan ; American Presbyterian Mission, Ludhiana. 
 
 . Sayad Gaur Masih, a descendant of Mohammed, Pasrur, American, 
 
 Sialkot. 
 
 . Munshi Fazl-ud-din, Preacher, Qila Didah Singh, Gujranwala, American 
 
 U.P. Church. 
 
 . Munshi Imam-ud-din, Teacher, Church of Scotland Mission, Sialkot. 
 . Munshi Fazl Ilahi, Assistant Editorial Secretary, Religious Book Society, 
 
 American Presbyterian Mission, Ferozepore. 
 
 . Colonel Madat Khan, Sahib, Inspector of Police, Lahore. Baptized, 
 
 Amballa, American Presbyterian Mission ; died 1893. 
 
 . Miyan Zakrya Sahib, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 
 . Hafiz Ahmed Masih, Preacher, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 - Munshi Turab Masih, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 
 - Munshi Nawab Ali, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 
 . Mr. Qazim, Ticket Collector, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 
26. 
 
 16 
 
 . Munshi Hidayat Ullah, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 
 . Munshi Mazhar Masih, Teacher, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 
 . Munshi Irshad Ali, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 
 . Munshi Miyan Jan, Government Employé, eee S.P.G. 
 
 . Munshi Abdulla Khan, Catechist, Delhi, S.P.G 
 
 . Munshi Abdul Hamid, Catechist, Rewari, SP.G. 
 
 . Munshi Sayud Sarfraz Ali, Sahib, Pensioner of Soneput, oI P.G., (a lineal 
 
 descendant of Mohammed). 
 Munshi Yahya Masih, Delhi, S.P.G. 
 
 IV. Converts from Islam, holding honourable positions in parts 
 
 — 
 
 COKIN nm Pw 
 
 of India other than the Punjab, South India excepted :— 
 
 . Rev. Rahim Bakhsh, Bareilly, C.M.S. 
 . Maulvi Sayad Mehndi Hussain, Sahib, a descendant of Mohammed, 
 
 Preacher, Bombay, C.M.S. 
 
 . Sayad Shah Khan, Preacher, Bombay, C.M.S. 
 
 Maulvi Abdulla Beg, Gentleman of Poona, Head Catechist, Bombay, 
 CLM:S, 
 
 Maulvi Hisam-ud-din, Sahib, Arabic Professor, Free Church Mission, 
 Bombay. 
 
 Maulvi Hisam-ud-din, Preacher, Bombay, C.M.S. 
 
 Rev. Ali Jan, B.A., Cambridge University, Missionary, Calcutta, C.M.S. 
 
 . Maulvi Nizam Khan, Catechist, Bombay, C.M.S. 
 . Abdul Qadir, Sahib, Bhandara, C.M.S. 
 . Qazi Maulvi Sayad, Safdar Ali, Pensioner, author of the Vaz Nama, 
 
 Extra Assistant Commissioner, a descendant of Mohammed, Bhandara, 
 C.M.S. Baptized, Jabalpur, 1864. 
 
 . Munshi Shams-ud-din Khan, Librarian, Bombay. 
 . Mr. Abdul Majid, Barrister, Bombay, C.M.S. 
 . Mr. Inayat Masih, Honorary Preacher, Gentleman of Aurungabad, 
 
 Bombay. 
 
 . Munshi Hidayat Ullah, Teacher, Bombay. 
 
 . Pir Bhai, Sahib, Darogah, Educational Press, Bombay. 
 
 . Dr. Ibrahim, Poona, 
 
 . Rev. Imam Bakhsh, Reudanda, Bombay. 
 
 . Munshi Abdul Razak, Surat. 
 
 . Maulvi Abdul Rahman, Preacher, Surat. 
 
 . Shah Sahib, Head Catechist, Bombay, S.P.G. 
 
 . Muhammad Hussain Khan, Sahib, Pensioner, Bombay. 
 
 . Mr. Ibrahim, Talib-ud-din, Subadar. Baptized, C.M.S., Amritsar, 
 
 Pensioner, Raepur. 
 
 . Sayad Nizam-ud-din, a descendant of Mohammed, Fyzabad. 
 
 . Maulvi Hassan Ali, Teacher, Calcutta, C.M.S. 
 
 . Manzar Masih, Sahib, B.A., Bishop’s College, Calcutta. 
 
 - Miyan Talib- ud- din, B.A., Professor (Theological), Presbyterian Mis- 
 
 sion. Baptized at Jagraon, Ludhiana. 
 
 . Mr. Inayat Masih. Baptized, 1856, American Presbyterian Mission, 
 
 Lahore.