VETSON Ne The PREPARATION of MISSIONARIES APPOINTED TO CHINA BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION 25 Madison Avenue, New York PRICE 10 CENTS BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION The Rev. James L. Barton, D.D. Prof. Harlan P. Beach, D.D. David Bovaird, Jr., M.D. Prof. O. E. Brown, D.D. Prof. Ernest DeWitt Burton, D.D. Miss Helen B. Calder Prof. Edward W. Capen, Ph.D. Prof. W. O. Carver, D.D. The Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain, Ph.D. The Rev. George Drach The Rev. James Endicott, D.D. The Rev. F. P. Haggard, D.D. Pres. Henry C. King, D.D. Prof. Walter L. Lingle, D.D. The Rt. Rev. Arthur S. Lloyd, D.D. The Rev. R. P. Mackay, D.D. Pres. W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D. John R. Mott, LL.D. Bishop W. F. Oldham, D.D. Principal T. R. O’Meara, D.D. Pres. C. T. Paul, Ph.D. Prof. Henry B. Robins, Ph.D. Prof. G. A. Johnston Ross, M.A. Dean James E. Russell, LL.D. T. H. P. Sailer, Ph.D. Miss Una Saunders Prof. E. D. Soper, D.D. Robert E. Speer, D.D. Pres. J. Ross Stevenson, D.D. , Fennell P. Turner i. Pres. Addie Grace Wardle, Ph.D. The Rev. Charles R. Watson, D.D. Pres. Wilbert W. White, Ph.D. Pres. Mary E. Woolley, Litt.D. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Chairman FENNELL P. TURNER, Secretary WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Treasurer REV. FRANK K. SANDERS, Ph.D., Director 4 25 Madison Avenue, New York THE PREPARATION OF MISSIONARIES APPOINTED TO CHINA THE REPORT OF A COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION Proressor HartAn P. Beacu, D.D., F.R.G.S., Chairman ProFressor Ernest D. Burton, D.D. ProFessor O. E. Brown, D.D. REVEREND JAMES Enpicortt, D.D. Joun R. Mort, LL.D. REVEREND FRANK Mason Nort, D.D. REVEREND Canon T. R. O’MeEara, LL.D. PresIpENT C. T. Paut, Ph.D. PRESIDENT WILBERT W. Wuite, Ph.D. PRESENTED AT THE FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING IN NEW YORK, DECEMBER, 1914 Board of Missionary Preparation 25 Madison Ave., New York City ip WG re eb ie Oy By te sah Nt Cia Lo ee ee : f ie ye Ha } , eae Nis ia ; t ee 7 5 fm ; Ta nf Lh bantd he his Ti G a eh? ee | ry . Lar ¢| sen ¢ tes ratte } A ; i i ; f j : MW wi i) os a cr ane ry re Ty Ve ews (M a ee) 4 : ti hi i. ; Pace Neti awe HOF os yh ia ee H : i) Fae “ ; a n ini ty \ \ | fe Bs, ene Hf ri a rule ‘4 Met ou th ali And AL Pa ee i , Wee ch ayy Aint ; ‘ th vt i," p14 AX alt fa eri. Pid $ Lf RABEL % y ih * flcwe ri f fi : { | mee ; ap 1 ed RP Tne tM ae Parrot cy - aie Pe * Xb Ay i iy ay Y a ¢ * , j } s MW eres aes Wig | V9 ( REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE SPECIAL PREPARATION NEEDED FOR MISSIONARIES | APPOINTED TO CHINA The following report was prepared by a committee of the Board of Missionary Preparation of which Reverend Professor Harlan P. Beach, D.D. of the Yale School of Religion, was the chairman. After its pres- entation to the Board by the committee the report was carefully reviewed by a large number of specialists on matters relating to China, of mission administrators, and of experienced missionaries at home and on the field. Their valued suggestions have been embodied in the report as now issued, which seeks to represent the experience and research of the present day. At the outset it should be stated that the Committee as- sumes that no candidate will be able to perfect himself in all the studies and practical processes here mentioned. Nor are all of them desirable for every prospective missionary to China. The Committee recommends them as generally use- ful, with the proviso that the needs and aptitudes of each candidate or missionary should be considered in the light of probable future tasks, and in full consultation with those who are in a position to advise him or to co-operate with him in making his preparation effective. It is further premised that the fuller one’s general preparation is, the more reward- ing will be one’s later life investment. The broad general foundations of the North American college or university curriculum are desirable for most candidates. So, also, is experience in teaching or evangelistic work. Candidates are reminded that a special series of reports upon the preparation demanded for ordained men, educa- tionalists, medical missionaries and for women has been pub- lished by the Board of Missionary Preparation as its Third Report. It can be secured at the Board’s office in New York. Women candidates are especially recommended to read pages 106-129 of that publication, as it is assumed in this report that they will have read it and hence many things are left un- 3 PREPARATION FOR CHINA said. They are also reminded that only slight reference is made to them, since their preparation is not greatly different from that required for men, All candidates may find it ad- vantageous to read the article entitled, “The Preparation of Missionaries at Home and on the Mission Field,” found in the October, 1913, issue of The International Review of M1s- sions. Earlier and most helpful general statements upon the subject are fully set forth in Vol. V of the Report of the World Missionary Conference of 1910. A. QUALIFICATIONS FOR MISSIONARIES TO CHINA While primitive peoples demand missionaries of special strength, since they must be competent to raise tribes from savagery to the status of the more advanced races, even more desirable is it that candidates for China should be able to min- ister to an ancient people rapidly assimilating the full-fledged program of Occidental culture and religion. The qualifications desirable in candidates for Chinese serv- ice will be manifest in what is said of the preparation recom- mended for prospective missionaries to China. For the sake of clearness they are more explicitly stated here. 1. Physical Qualifications.—China is a comparatively favorable field from the point of view of health. A person from North America will not find the climate much more taxing than in certain parts of Canada and the United States. Yet there is a difference between the biting cold of Manchuria and the depressing heat of summer in the sub- tropical provinces of the southern half of the Republic. Moreover, the location of the majority of mission stations within unsanitary cities makes the conditions more trying than if missionaries were living outside the city walls. In this respect, however, there is noticeable improvement in the newer stations. The diseases of China are not such as especially afflict for- eigners—cholera, small pox, etc. Yet intelligent vigilance 4 PREPARATION FOR CHINA is most desirable for the missionary. Weak digestion and tendency to bowel troubles would militate against one attacked by sprue or dysentery. Tubercular complaints are so common among the Chinese that persons having such ten- dencies would need to exercise especial caution. There is no greater strain upon the nerves in China than in any other rapidly developing non-Christian country, with its incessant and taxing demands upon the worker. Yet the continuous dryness of North China is unfavorable for nervous people; and, in general, persons who have been on the verge of a nervous breakdown should not be sent to China. The physical ability to labor continuously and to stand the strain of emergencies demanding mental and nervous ex- penditure is a great asset. Those who do not possess it will need to educate their conscience and will to the point of withdrawing wholly from certain activities, or of stopping work before the strain is too great, to renew it when suffi- ciently rested. 2. Mental Fitness.—At present the average missionary to China does not need to have as acute powers of argumenta- tion as he would for work among the higher classes of India. Those who have done creditably the work of North Ameri- can colleges and graduate schools are intellectually qualified for almost any task in China. Mental adaptation should be possible, particularly for work among ignorant people, and especially for the women. Linguistic ability is an obvious desideratum. The work of the educator and literary mis- sionary demands an unusual mental equipment and adequate training, while an increasing number of special tasks call for an intellectual preparation far beyond the ordinary. 3. Social Qualities ——These are particularly desirable for those who wish to influence the educated classes and, to a less degree, all classes in society. The “guest room” will increase in importance with the coming years, even if it is losing the old-time air of taxing etiquette and formality. 5 PREPARATION FOR CHINA Politeness and scrupulous regard for the sensibilities of others are requisites here and, likewise, a broad-minded charity for the opinions and beliefs of others. Conversa- tional powers are also desirable, but here again they need not be hampered by the old traditional, ready-made formu- las, these having largely given way among the educated to a desire to talk of matters of vital interest to the new na- tional life and aspirations. In a word, China missionaries must be gentlemen and gentlewomen of good parts and social qualities and of limitless ceremonial patience. 4. Political Interest—Men who have no interest in the political status of China will not prove acceptable among in- fluential Chinese. One must be alive to the eager life of the new Republic, and be prepared to contribute his views in an unpartisan and sympathetic manner to the formative movements of the day. Yet the missionary should be neu- tral as regards parties and emphasize political measures tending to the people’s economic, social, intellectual and moral betterment. 5. Spiritual Qualifications —The merely moral man is not needed in China, as no country has more resounded with moral sentiments and proverbs,—as impotent to affect life as they are prevalent in Confucian circles. Vital religion is correspondingly and imperatively demanded and should be the certain possession of every missionary. A living, exper- imental knowledge of the great Christian essentials is indis- pensable. Devotion to Jesus Christ as the source of life and faith is a primary qualification; for the Chinese have for nearly two and a half milleniums bowed before the throne of an idealized Confucius. Disinterested goodness and Christian brotherhood will always help to carry convic- tion and will win lasting friendships. 6. Ecclesiastical Requirements——The rising Church in China demands missionaries who are more loyal to the King- dom of God than to any single denomination, although this 6 PREPARATION FOR CHINA demand need not obliterate proper denominational distinc- tions. Federation is in the air and co-operation is increasing every year. Candidates who are out of harmony with this spirit would better go to another field or remain at home. Even more important is it for missionaries to be humble, not lording it over God’s heritage, but willing to decrease that the Chinese leadership, when sufficiently competent, may increase. Ability to work cordially with those differing from us both denominationally and racially is an essential of suc- cessful churchmanship in the new China. 7. Versatility and Symmetry.—The foregoing are the outstanding qualifications of men and women who should be also characterized by versatility and symmetry. China’s renaissance calls for every sort of healthful contribution to an expanding national life. The more diversified the gifts and acquisitions and the character of the missionaries, the greater will be their influence upon the future of a people destined to stand foremost among the races of Asia. The making of a nation, the foundation laying of the Church of God in rejuvenescent China and its subsequent development should stir every ambition of the missionary candidates and lead every one of them to give the strength of his life to preparing worthily for so glorious a service. B. Courses oF STUDY FOR CANDIDATES FOR MISSION SERVICE IN CHINA I. STUDIES TO BE EMPHASIZED IN UNDERGRADUATE INSTI- TUTIONS. In specifying certain undergraduate courses it must not be understood that other studies are to be neglected; these are listed as being particularly worthy of attention be- cause having a more intimate relation to the practical work of missionaries to China than other more general courses. In some institutions the studies here suggested for under- graduates are not provided in the curriculum. In such cases, any that seem especially desirable may be taken as graduate , PREPARATION FOR CHINA work at the seminary or at a training institution. In the following list of studies, those which are more important than the others are italicized: Bible courses, ethics, anthropo-— geography, ethnography, Oriental history, history of civilization or other historical courses suggesting lessons for China’s renaissance, sociology, politics and government, in- ternational relations, psychology, the principles and history of education, philosophy, economics, music for women can- didates especially and domestic science, and debate for the men. II. STuDIES OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY WORTHY OF SPECIAL Empuasis. It is desirable that all men candidates for China, except physicians, business agents, printers, arch- itects, builders, and those who expect to devote themsélves exclusively to educational work, should take a full theologi- cal course. If anything is to be omitted, Hebrew and Greek can most wisely be dispensed with, in case the latter language has not been fully mastered in preparatory school and col- lege. Here again the subjects most desirable as related to the practical work of the missionary are italicized, though all of the courses are important, as well as others not in this list: Old and New Testament introduction, interpretation of the books of the Bible and mastery of their contents, bibli- cal theology, comparative religion or history of religion, early church history, church polity, religious education, prac- tical theology, especially in its discussion of methods of so- cial work, general apologetics and voice training, particu- larly for those who expect to be evangelists or itinerate in country districts. It should go without saying that the best methods of pastoral approach and of personal dealing with the individual soul are of primary importance to the mis- sionary. III. Strupres Havinc SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHINA AND Its MISSIONS The following studies are not usually provided for in 8 PREPARATION FOR CHINA undergraduate or theological institutions, but must be under- taken in institutions of special missionary training, or in the missionary department of theological seminaries. Other- wise candidates for China will need to follow such courses of reading as are suggested under Division E. As the latter plan will be adopted by many, brief remarks pointing out the relation of readings suggested to the work in China will be added. 1. Physical Studies of China.—The candidate should know with some particularity the main divisions of the coun- try, not only as provincially divided but more particularly as to its orographical divisions and differentiated regional areas. Emphasis should of course be placed in this and the follow- ing physical studies upon the region and province or pro- vinces in which his own Society labors. Climatic and the consequent health conditions in various parts of the Republic should receive some attention, especial- ly when a Society has missions in more than one section be- tween which the candidates may choose. Rainfall and tropi- cal heat in the South might make a field unsuitable when the more favorable climatic and health conditions of the North would be quite safe. A knowledge of the resources of different sections is ad- visable as a subordinate object of study, since these condi- tions will increasingly affect the character and life of the in- habitants as China develops industrially. These in turn have an influence upon the work to be done and hence upon the sort of preparation one may make. 2. Studies of the People-——Obviously an Occidental whose life, thought and ideals differ so widely from those of the Orient, should make every effort to understand the Chi- nese people. The means for making this preliminary ac- quaintance are ordinarily more accessible here than in China. Yet China’s Committee on the Training of Missionaries wisely warns against the danger of becoming opinionated 9 PREPARATION FOR CHINA through home studies of the people, and urges the necessity of going thither prepared for something new which should be received in an open-minded way. The physical life of the Chinese which has been so virile, enduring and effective through milleniums that the race ranks among the strongest in the world should be inquired into. The secrets of this vitality, its foes in the past and in the new life and environment of the encroaching Occident, its relation to the dawning industrial era, its promise to the developing Christian Church, are phases worthy of attention. Medical missionaries will naturally make this a subject of special study and advanced investigation. The mental characteristics of the race are almost equally marked, despite the partially arrested development of the educational system of the old régime. The intellectual de- mands of the new order and young China’s response to the educational stimulus of the West are interesting points of study, but they should not prevent investigations into the mental characteristics of the unemergent nine-tenths who constitute the missionary’s main constituency outside of the schools. Mental attitudes are quite as important as mental faculties and should not be overlooked in this study. Edu- cationalists and evangelists will specialize upon this head, just as physicians should under the preceding one. Moral characteristics should be especially studied, the more so because of the prevalent conceptions which rank the Chinese as among the most nearly atheistical of the nations. Under paragraphs 6 and 7 of this section more will be said upon this point. What is called for here is a general con- sideration of the race as possessing in somewhat limited de- gree the varied moral characteristics of the Christian Occi- dent. Note, also, those in which the race is particularly strong. 3. Social Environment.—The social characteristics of the Chinese have been omitted from the preceding paragraph be- 10 PREPARATION FOR CHINA cause deserving of greater emphasis and separate treatment. Moreover, it is not so much the social traits of the race as the environment created and dominated by these traits which should be studied. The family as the great social unit should be thoroughly understood as far as it is possible through secondary sources. Its primary membership and secondary ramifications, its re- lationships, its weaknesses, its place in the community, its relation to the clan, especially in South China, call for in- vestigation. The fundamental place of ancestral worship in the family may be studied to better advantage under para- graph 7. The village system of China is second only to that of India in its importance to missions. Its constitution, common life, dominant characters, inter-village relationships, social func- tions and occasions, attitude toward innovations in belief and life, are topics to be studied. Industrial and social groups have been too little under- stood in the past, and too little used for Christian ends. While the new industrialism and the effect upon the old guild system of the commerce and trade of to-day have changed the situation, the past history of industry and the influence of the important guilds should be understood in a general way, leaving to a later time specialized studies in this direction. 4. Educational Status —Especially for educationalists, but likewise for all missionaries who must sustain a more or less intimate relationship to the education of the Chinese for the Church and the State, is a general study of the present edu- cational conditions in China and in Japan important. The former are changing so constantly that this may not be easy. The background of the old education is helpful in dealing with the men of the old order, but it is far more essential that modern educational plans and methods should be known. Religious education should be understood in outline at least, and if possible through a course of special study, as the 11 PREPARATION FOR CHINA Chinese Church under the present emphasis of Sunday schools and adult Bible classes of the modern Occidental type calls for leadership that is practically conversant with the best Western methods. As the Government will increasingly undertake the burdens of primary education, the Church will be correspondingly free to emphasize the religious education of its children and youth. At present China’s greatest need educationally is for pri- mary, secondary and higher institutions. The time is past when any college graduate is perfectly competent to teach in Chinese higher schools and colleges. Every man or woman who is to make this a specialized form of service should be a master of the art of teaching both through a study of theories and if possible through actual experience in teaching. It will further increase the educator’s usefulness, if he is a special- ist in some one important subject. 5. Political Conditions.—These are constantly changing and hence are most difficult to study. Nevertheless, the new missionary should know the main factors as nearly up to the date of sailing as possible. The China Committee on the Training of Missionaries recommends candidates to make The Chinese Recorder their source of information on the missionary aspects of politics and The National Review of Shanghai for purely political conditions. Village government will have been studied under para- graph 3. Provincial and national government and politics should be known in outline as they exist to-day. Ascertain something of the influence of officials and official life as re- lated to the missionary propaganda. China’s latest constitu- tion should be read at least and compared with that of the United States, in order to prepare missionaries for taking part in inevitable conversations on this subject. It is likewise important that the candidate should know the relation of his own government to that of China, an out- line of their diplomatic relations and of his own political 12 PREPARATION FOR CHINA status under treaties and as an alien resident in the new Re- public. America’s exclusion laws and reasons for exclusion should be known. A general knowledge of international law during the next fifteen years will be greatly helpful for per- sonal and missionary uses. The history of China’s relations to European Powers and to Japan should be understood, at least since 1898—and par- ticularly the bearing of this history on missions. Russia, Germany, Great Britain, and Japan are the important factors under this head, with the United States as a mediator. 6. Ethical Beliefs and Life-——The new missionary needs to realize in his study of Confucian ethics that the lofty ideals of the Superior Man and noble sentiments of China’s Throneless King are far from holding a dominant place in the daily life of the people. But familiarity with these ideals is essential to a proper appreciation of the Chinese race and will often furnish a point of contact with the people. Buddhist and Taoist tenets will be referred to under the next heading. A study of the ethical life of individuals and of the community on certain fundamental questions is well worth while in so far as data may be available. It will also be of interest to note what methods are being used to-day to revive and extend the ethical teachings of Confucius and to learn just how the new ethical thought of the Occident, especially on its agnostic and rationalistic side, is affecting China’s ethical life. 7. Religious Beliefs and Life-——Even more feeble than ethics is the religious power of China’s three orthodox faiths, if we may venture to rank Buddhism and Taoism with the one truly orthodox faith, Confucianism. It is probable that under the new régime there will be a renewal of interest in all these religions. Indeed, the rejuvenation of the winter solstitial sacrifice under the Republic is an official step in that direction, while consequent discussion of the movement has shown that the lesser faiths have been likewise stirred 13 PREPARATION FOR CHINA into new life. It follows that missionary candidates should study the ancient pre-Confucian religion and should know the outlines not only of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, but should study as well the actual effects of these religions upon the common people. The worship of ancestral spirits is so central in Chinese life that its study should be empha- sized. Chinese Mohammedanism is likewise deserving of study, especially by those in the northwestern, southern and southwestern provinces who are to labor for Moslems. As missionary experience, especially in the provinces of Fukien and Shantung, clearly proves, it is also a subject worthy of study in certain fields as to how far the minor sects, the Tsai Li, Kin Tan, and others can be used for Chris- tian ends. American university libraries are likely to have: as much material upon these sects as can be found in China. Yet this theme is one which need not receive attention unless the candidate is going to a field where they are influential, such as the provinces mentioned above. A parallel study, when it is possible, is that of the extent to which the educated younger Chinese are being affected by the introduction of Western forms of irreligion and agnosticism. It is unfortunate that little has been written upon this impor- tant theme, which would enable prospective missionaries to prepare themselves apologetically for future interviews. 8. History of China.—No nation has so prolonged and un- broken a history as China, or one which has been so ingrained into the national and individual life. The nation and its people cannot be fully understood and appreciated unless one has an outline knowledge of at least its leading epochs and events. Its origins, even though they are wrapped in obscurity with only dubious historical foundations, should be known from the mythological period down through the epoch-making Chou Dynasty, as Confucius made these centuries the back- ground of his teachings. 14 PREPARATION FOR CHINA From the Great Wall Builder downward is a monotonous succession of rising and decadent dynasties whose outstand- ing events only are worthy of the candidate’s attention—the stirring history of the Three Kingdoms, the glories of the literary and philosophical T‘ang and Sung Dynasties, the astonishing rise and westward and southward conquests of the Mongols and Moguls, the splendors of K‘ang Hsi’s reign and the momentous events of the last century, especially the T‘ai P‘ing Rebellion and foreign relations since 1841. History in the making as chronicled since the Chino-Jap- anese war of 1894 is more important in a way than all else, and should be made a major in this study. No text-book of history will supply the desired information except for the earlier years. The latest cablegrams and periodicals fresh from China should be carefully read for the latest turn of the historical kaleidoscope, though cablegrams do not always prove truthful. Prospective missionaries to China should note especially the part that their own nationals have played in this history- making. To be ignorant of it is to lose prestige with grate- ful or reproachful Chinese who will be quick to note any ig- norance in what has concerned them so deeply. Least of all should those from the United States display ignorance of events which ended in the adoption of a form of government which emulates the glory of that adopted model of enlight- ened rule, even though China’s status is not that of an ideal republic. 9. Formative Leaders.—It will be well, perhaps, to select from the foregoing history a few of its most famous makers. At least the leading stories and facts should be known con- cerning the trio at the head-streams of Confucian history, Yao, Shun and Yi; Confucius’s heroes who founded the Chou Dynasty, Wen Wang, Wu Wang and his beau ideal, Chou Kung; Confucius, Mencius and their thirteenth century redactor and continuator, Chu Hsi; the brilliant characters 15 PREPARATION FOR CHINA of the T‘ang Dynasties, T‘ai Tsung and Li T‘ai-po, and Em- peror Kao Tsung of the Sung with Wang An-shih of social- istic state fame; the two great Asiatic conquerors, Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan; the brightest star of the last Dy- nasty just at an end, the brilliant K‘ang Hsi; the most fa- mous woman ruler of China’s milleniums, the late Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi, and her able lieutenant, Li Hung-chang; and the two makers of the Republic, Sun Yat-sen, of later beclouded glory, and Yiian Shih-k‘ai. Less is known than should be of two other great men of the Revolution, the formative writer, Liang Ch‘i-ch‘ao, and Li Yttan-hung, the military hero of the Republic. If only the bald facts of their legends or lives are learned, the value of the study will be largely lost. These men stand for definite ideals, practical teachings and telling deeds which are indelibly stamped upon the nation, and which should be known. 10. The Chinese Language——The timorous attitude of many candidates for China because of what they have heard of its unique language would be changed into interest and admiration, if they had an intelligible idea of its origin and general nature, as well as of its redeeming qualities. The spoken language would better not be undertaken in America for a number of reasons, chief among which are its tonal difficulties, variations in pronunciation in different sec- tions, inability to correct oneself in rhythm with only occa- sional lessons from a teacher, and the uncertainty of most candidates as to the local dialect to be finally learned: It is extremely difficult to unlearn mistakes and hence vernacular studies should be postponed. While the study of Phonetics is not absolutely essential for a language which in its original Pekingese form possesses only 420 words, mostly monosyllables, and varying little from related English sounds, it is of great value in the dialectical regions, notably the provinces of Fukien and Kwangtung. If taught by competent persons, it will help all language stu- 16 PREPARATION FOR CHINA dents in that it enables them to form the sounds in the mouth with an ease and correctness which is lacking where there has been no phonetic study. General facts concerning the peculiarities of the language in its colloquial, classical and semi-classical forms may be profitably learned, as also a general idea of the formation and evolution of its fascinating characters. Little time should be spent upon this line of study. China’s Committee on the Training of Missionaries asserts: “It would be well for all missionary candidates who have an opportunity to do so to study one of the modern languages in the way that French is taught at Columbia University, or to study the language in a Berlitz school, in order to learn by experience that the lan- guage can and must be learned through the ear and not through the eye, and that the study of grammar has com- paratively little to do with learning to speak a language.”’ 11. Chinese Literature —As few missionaries know the language well enough to appreciate it as literature for two or three years after their arrival, it is desirable that candidates should through English translations and general discussions gain some knowledge of its character and contents in ad- vance. At least an outline view of the nine Classical Works should be secured in this way. In reading selections from the Odes it is well to find better specimens than the Sacrificial Odes rendered in the Sacred Books of the East, in order that a true idea of Chinese poetry and of the ancient common life may be gained. Selections from the Book of History, the Great Learning, the Analects and Mencius are other sections most likely to be profitable. Even the older missionaries rarely know much concerning China’s belles lettres, still less of its drama. It is possible to estimate the literary capacities of the Chinese in these di- rections through translations of certain masterpieces or se- lections from such renderings. 17 ; PREPARATION FOR CHINA As was suggested in paragraph 7, so here it is advised that the influence of other than religious literature brought in from the Occident be made a subject of brief study, especi- ally works on the principles of government, finance, etc. What New China is reading from the West will aid the young missionary in his own choice of reading and thus be a direct help in his future work, especially among the edu- cated classes. Chinese imported agnosticism, let it be re- membered, is nearly thirty years behind the times. 12. History of Chinese Missions.—This subject is deserv- ing of more attention than most that have preceded. A sketch of Nestorian Missions and a fuller account of the long established work of the Roman Catholics will supply lessons of warning as well as of instruction. Unhappily those Cath- olic sources most commonly available are unduly partisan and in some cases grossly misrepresent the work of Prot- estants. In studying China’s Protestant missionary history, the emphasis should be placed upon the work since 1890, and more particularly upon that of the last decade. The reports of Conferences held in Shanghai in 1877 and 1890 and that of Protestantism’s Centenary Conference of 1907 will prove helpful as epochal reviews, especially as China’s strictly mis- sionary history has little satisfactory literature. The history of one’s own Board’s activities in that country should be looked into with special care. Much of this must be learned from files of its periodicals but more especially from its annual reports, as very few Societies have histories of their work in China save in pamphlet form. 13. Biographies—Such literature has a living interest which mere history does not possess. Character, work, en- vironment, methods, problems, accomplishments, and inspira- tion are derivable from every well written missionary bio- graphy. Note especially the spiritual elements in these lives. Though not in the ordinary thought regarded as mission- 18 PREPARATION FOR CHINA aries, Chinese workers are truly such, and the few biogra- phies available should not be overlooked. 14. Missionary Methods.—Missionary methods are un- dergoing a decided change in China, particularly in regions most affected by the Revolution. Hence much that is found in the earlier conference discussions of the subject is out of date. Yet, as a China college president writes, ‘these old re- ports are useful in showing how not to do things—warn- ings.” The merest outline of what was commonly held as standard at the first two Shanghai Conferences may be noted ; but the bulk of this study should be based upon the Centenary Conference Report, that part of Dr. Mott’s Report of Asi- atic Conferences pertaining to China, and the second Report of the China Continuation Committee, not as the final de- liverance as to method, but as the best current word. Those sections that are most vital are the ones dealing with evan- gelization, education, and the Chinese Church. While co-operation cannot be called a method of mission work, it is so vitally related to certain methods, especially educational and evangelistic effort, that it should be studied in this connection. 15. Apologetics—The Chinese of the old order were rarely men who gave any serious thought to religion of any sort, least of all to Christianity. New China has been largely educated in Japan, where the Rationalist Press Association and the agnosticism of Japanese leaders have had an influ- ence upon the student class. Moreover, a race which has had a Sung Dynasty and such philosophers as Confucius, Men- cius and Chu Hsi, will inevitably produce thinkers of no mean order of ability. At present Apologetics are needed mainly to refute theo- ries which, though already outgrown in the Occident, are still more or less current in the Orient, having come into China from Japan, as, e.g., the earlier evolutionary hypoth- eses. Yet missionaries to China will one day need all the re- 19 PREPARATION FOR CHINA sources along apologetic lines that are desirable in the most advanced mission lands. Probably the most vital topics will be historical criticism, materialism as a basis of religion, uni- versal religions, agnosticism, and the latest evolutionary views. The person of Christ and His influence upon Occi- dental civilization and world-inter-relations should be thor- oughly known. IV. PracricAaL PHaAsES OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION. It is exceedingly difficult to make helpful suggestions upon this point for the reason that missionaries stationed in or near ports—and provincial centers in most cases—can find Chinese who have been trained to do or manufacture almost anything desired by foreigners. Yet many inland stations are so isolated that something should be said upon the subject. 1. Medical Hints.—First aid to the injured is demanded often on tours or even at the station. In a land where den- tistry is a costly or unobtainable luxury, the care of teeth and even the ability to extract them are vital matters outside large foreign centers. Those who will spend their time quite largely in itineration should know how to treat the simplest diseases, particularly those to which they themselves are sub- ject and which are curable by specifics. Many a life may be saved if missionaries know how to care for the sick; hence women candidates especially should acquaint themselves with the simplest rules of nursing and sick-room dietetics. Mothers should. understand how to treat the commonest ail- ments of children. Personal hygiene and principles of sani- tation are generally useful for the missionary. 2. The Home.—Men often need to superintend the build- ing of their own houses and hence a general knowledge of house planning and construction is a helpful asset, even if it has been derived only from observation of structures in pro- cess of erection. Nearly every missionary is obliged to over- see the work of repairs; and if foreign painting is to be done 20 PREPARATION FOR CHINA outside of large cities, they must give instructions to Chinese painters. House decoration and furnishing in far inland stations will depend upon the missionary’s taste and skill, aided by the mail-order house and packing boxes which may be metamorphosed into articles of comfort and beauty. With the coming of architects and business men, the tendency in large cities is away from the necessity of a missionary being a ““Jack-of-all-trades.” 3. The Garden.—Chinese vegetables and fruits are often inferior to those of the Occident, or else are wholly lacking, so that missionaries whose stations have the requisite land will find it desirable to know how to plant and care for Amer- ican vegetables not grown in China. Small fruit culture and horticulture made Dr. Nevius a benefactor to the province of Shantung and will confer a benefit on other parts of the Re- public. 4. Woman’s Specialties—Women missionaries must di- rect the homes in which they live, whether they are their own or are homes shared by other missionaries. These Chris- tian homes ought to be and are examples and centers of in- fluence. Women missionaries should know how to keep household accounts and to direct servants. A knowledge of cooking, dressmaking, nursing, sanitation, dietetics, house- hold arts and everything pertaining to the making, manage- ment and influence of a home might well be included in the preparation of women. Yet such needs are not peculiar to China, and women candidates are advised to read carefully the report on the Preparation of Women for Foreign Mis- sionary Service, referred to on the bottom of page 29. In order to make the best approach to the women of China, the historic attitude of China to women and girls and the position of the Chinese woman in her household should be made the object of special study. Where a movement for the greater freedom of Chinese women is under way, women candidates should study the place of women in the develop- 21 PREPARATION FOR CHINA ment of the race and be ready to meet wisely the situation thus created. Especially should women candidates under- stand Chinese women’s ambitions, as well as their oppres- sions. 5. Practical Christian W ork.—During college years mem- bership in the Student Christian Associations will pre- pare prospective missionaries for aiding a movement which in China has the highest official endorsement and whose help- ful program is being made a part of the missionary propa- ganda there. Similarly, participation in the guidance of Christian Endeavor Societies and other young people’s or- ganizations will be a valuable aid in missions. Sunday school teaching and superintending in a Bible school of modern organization is desirable. If a Chinese Sunday school is at hand, the conduct of that difficult form of re- ligious work may be undertaken with profit. Almost equally valuable is any religious work for foreigners recently ar- rived. Teaching them English is an excellent means of re- vealing linguistic difficulties which the candidate will shortly face in China. Work in missions among the ignorant and degraded will prepare one to some extent for evangelistic and social work in one’s future station; and it is vastly easier to learn wise methods of approach where one can use the English language than in China. Personal work is a desid- eratum for every missionary, now that the individual is dis- placing the crowd as the objective of Chinese evangelistic endeavor. 6. Cultivating Asiatic Students.——Asiatic students are to be found in many of the large educational institutions of North America. Friendships formed among them, particu- larly with the Chinese, and brotherly acts of helpfulness shown, are first steps toward that intimate acquaintance and co-operation which are the candidate’s ultimate goal. Mem- ‘bership in Cosmopolitan Clubs is another cognate opportunity in some American universities. 22 PREPARATION FOR CHINA 7. Miscellaneous Items.—Photography of a higher order than most missionaries possess is increasingly important for the home propaganda of Missions; and a knowledge of lantern-slide making, at least of contact-slide making, is helpful on the field—as is the ability to operate the stereopti- con. All missionaries ought to know the elements of book- keeping for personal and particularly for mission purposes. Teachers will find calisthenics and athletic sports an aid in their work, as they are taught in the best Chinese boarding schools and colleges. Though the study of music has been mentioned as an undergraduate desideratum, if that is im- practicable, candidates will be more useful if they can pre- pare themselves later to lead singing, vocally or by the aid of some instrument. In remote stations the ability to replace broken watch-springs is desirable, and skill in repairing a bicycle is occasionally useful, while knowledge of how to make a noon-mark, will, with the Nautical Almanac, provide approximately accurate time. Ability to write a crisp, vivid article for secular or religious periodicals is helpful; so, also, is a knowledge of the best methods of school and church reg- istration, of letter filing and of other administrative helps. The facile use of a. typewriter will save time and may possi- bly prevent writer’s cramp. C. Courses oF StTuDY FOR MISSIONARIES AT WoRK IN CHINA Mission Boards have not yet clearly established their poli- cies regarding the wise use of time on the field for language mastery or for added development. This is a matter of very great importance, alike to the new missionary, to the mis- sionary of experience and to the Candidate Secretary of the Home Board. I. For Misstonaries DurInc THEIR First Year. 1. Language Study.—This is the primary task of the first two years for most missionaries. If done in solitariness in 23 PREPARATION FOR CHINA an isolated station under a Chinese teacher—who has not the faintest idea of modern methods of teaching the language— and surrounded by a tiny band of overworked missionaries and their Chinese colleagues, the hopelessness of the task, waste of time and nerve, and overwhelming sympathy for fel- low workers will make the year of only secondary value. The union training schools for newly arrived missionaries are established to make the difficult task as easy as possible and to secure for the new comers the most favorable conditions for rapid advance in the language and for acclimatizing them with least danger to health. At least thirty per cent. greater progress in the language ought to result from attendance at a training institution in China than would be possible at an isolated station. Suggestions are unnecessary for studies under such favorable circumstances, since the directors of those institutions know the local conditions and will give all needed advice. If for any reason the new comer cannot at- tend one of these schools, advice can be secured from the leaders of such institutions as to the best methods of study, or from those who have studied under them. 2. Lectures—Valuable as is the linguistic instruction given in the training institutions at Nanking, Peking, and elsewhere, the advantage derived from the lectures upon im- portant “things Chinese” by authorities is likewise very val- uable, both because of the information gained and also be- cause they relieve the monotony and strain of endless lan- guage study. 3. Private Study of Individual Missionaries.—It is ad- vised for those who cannot attend these schools, that not more than six hours per day be given to direct Chinese study, but that they substitute for further book work studies of their environment and future people and chatting and visiting with them. Readings upon Chinese customs, religions and the common life may take the place of lectures of the training schools. So far as possible these readings should interpret 24 PREPARATION FOR CHINA what observation has punctuated with interrogation points. 4. The Assimilation of Experience.—While not a study through books, newly arrived missionaries should learn all that is possible of and from the practical experience of their elders. In the training schools the leaders would naturally be persons whose experience is valuable and particularly trustworthy. Genuine studies of successful experience are ephemeral in their value, unless the student makes his own books as he gains new knowledge. Acquiring the systematic, accurate note-book habit will prove a valuable preparation for all one’s future. But such study can go farther than a note-book. It should be assimilated through practice hours when possible, and always should be discriminatingly di- gested and taken into one’s personal possession for future use. . 5. Fellowship—One of the most valuable advantages of the training school over the isolated station is that of liv- ing with men and women from different denominations and of varying races. The common life together, the stimulus and sense of rivalry arising from the same studies and lec- tures, sharing in walks, talks and tennis, in daily prayers and Sunday worship with no suggestion of denominational differences, those intimacies of closest friendships cemented by co-operation, federation and fellowship in prayer and by the ties of common tasks, are the surest guarantee of later abiding comity. Such institutions are the best laboratories in which to study all phases of co-operation, federation and even of union itself. While the isolated newcomer loses this benefit derived by new missionaries from attendance at training schools, he may learn, better than they, another lesson in fellowship in his isolation. _Comradeship with the Chinese should be cen- tral in every missionary life, and it will be more helpfully so in proportion as one studies them and learns how to admire and love and serve them. This should, therefore, be a major 25 PREPARATION FOR CHINA study of the first year, parallel with language acquisition, both for isolated missionaries and for the less favorably cir- cumstanced language school students. The danger of unduly cultivating certain congenial Chinese, thus occasioning envy, is to be guarded against, especially by women missionaries. Il. Later StupDIES OF THOSE ON THE FIELD. Asa matter of fact most missionaries find themselves so burdened with work after the first years of language study that they do not find or make the time to pursue any line of study not strictly demanded by their daily tasks. This Committee believes that such a course is unwise, if God is to have the best and most productive service from His workers. Avocation may be just as fruitful in Missions as vocation, if carefully chosen, temperately pursued, and wisely co-ordinated. It is grati- fying to notice that in nearly every mission field, and in none more than in China, the older missionaries are recognizing as never before the dangers of stagnating intellectually and the absolute necessity of advancing in knowledge and in power to grasp and solve their problems, and are therefore, singly and in groups, devoting themselves to the thorough and progressive studies of subjects of special concern to them in the prosecution of their work. 1. The New Chinese Language.—This study should not be regarded as a questionable expenditure of time, especially in stations where modern education has introduced, largely from Japan, the new terminology and diction of renascent China. These new terms should be known through a study of such volumes as Mrs. Mateer’s and Mr. E. Morgan’s, or better still, through reading Chinese periodicals and occa- sional government documents of importance. | 2. Selections from the Classics—-Modern missionaries are likely to neglect the classical Chinese, now that the old requirements are deleted in large part from government education. As there is much that is intrinsically valuable in the Classics, particularly the Four Books, and as they will 26 PREPARATION FOR CHINA long dominate modern wén /i style, selections should be read, and usable quotations with their contexts should be copied for memorizing, and subsequent public use. Such studies are the necessary complement and fulfilling of the English trans- lations read before going to China. 3. Literary Avocations—As an enrichment of one’s vocabulary and diction, it is well to read in part at least some of the latest books issued from the Chinese press, as well as some of the standard belles lettres of the past and current periodicals. There are many admirable essays in modern diction and style, notably those of Liang Ch‘i-ch‘ao. Accord- ing to one’s natural inclinations a special line of reading should be undertaken with a view to making literary con- tributions to Occidental periodicals or Asiatic Society Jour- nals. Some of the Sung Dynasty philosophers still remain unknown to English-speaking readers for the most part and studies of China’s religious writings other than Confucian need to be undertaken. 4. Field Studies.—Missionaries should know the condi- tions and circumstances of their own field. It is a mistake to judge or formulate mission policy from the viewpoint of one’s own station. Missionaries should visit others in the surrounding district, thus learning the exact situation in each place. It is only in this way that they can make effective contributions to discussions of mission policy. Every mis- sion station in China should provide some person who is will- ing to co-operate with the China Continuation Committee in its field surveys with a view to a better and more economical occupation. These studies are not to be merely geograph- ical in character, valuable as they are for the missionary car- tographer. They should be far broader in their scope than Dr. Cochran’s rudimentary and important studies in this di- rection and perhaps start from his volumes as a basis. A few specialists of this sort would supply the greatly needed force for a Board of Missionary Strategy which will soon emerge 27 PREPARATION FOR CHINA and provide the Church with information which will render the present campaigning, often haphazard, vastly more effective. 5. Local Studies in Religion—The so-called “Three Re- ligions” of China are only formal and external manifesta- tions of religion behind which is a mass of heterogeneous beliefs, superstitions and practices which are unknown to most workers. It is exceedingly desirable that every mis- sionary should know the religious background which is to help or hinder the Gospel. A few specialists will enable their fellows to reach the Chinese hearts through what they have learned by laborious, patient and sympathetic investigation. But this should not prevent every missionary from learning for himself what the people really believe and practice in the realm of religion. In many large cities there are religious gatherings on special days, when forms of worship are gone through and lectures are given. Foreigners can usually gain admission to these meetings and also read reports of them in the local press. 6. The Science of Missions,—Its hour was struck in China with Dr. Mott’s Conferences of 1913 and the consequent creation of the China Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Conference. The Records of those Asiatic Con- ferences and of the Second Meeting of the China Continua- tion Committee should be studied by those who would learn from the best experience of others. The nine volumes of the Edinburgh Conference of 1910, containing a wider and less exact scientific statement of data, should also be studied. If the China Continuation Committee could establish a scientific missionary quarterly, or develop the Chinese Recorder more fully on this side, much progress would result. 7. Experiments in Missionary Efficiency—The science of Missions should be translated into the art of Missions, and this is only possible when students of the science will give themselves to the application of discovered principles, 28 PREPARATION FOR CHINA attested by some experience, in wiser ways and under scien- tific tests. All the methods employed by China missionaries to-day are doubtless valuable, but they are not all as helpful to the cause as they might be. The systematic search for the best that it may root out the good and the better can be suc- cessful only when experimentation under proper observation and discriminating criticism has been undertaken. This calls for painstaking study. 8. Studies in Personal Dynamics.—The Chinese are preéminently a people who are swayed by great personalities. Confucius, rather than his Princely Man, has influenced countless millions during twenty-four centuries; and modern missionaries are likely to lose influence, if they do not perfect their own powers and exercise their own personalities. A prayerful study of one’s own life and its real springs, the reading of biographies such as are listed in the Bibliography, intimate conversation with the most thoughtful Chinese, Christian and non-Christian alike, and conferences and studies having this great theme as their central objective, will result in better missionaries. 9. Studies and Experiments in Leadership.—tIncreas- ingly must the missionary to China, like his brethren in Japan, assume the role of unobtrusive, brotherly leadership. The lives of such men as Duff in India, Hogg in Egypt, Hamlin in Turkey, and especially DeForest in Japan, are worthy of careful study. Neesima of Japan is perhaps the most suggestive life of an Asiatic for the present purpose, though Pastor Hsi will long live in the thought of those Chinese who knew him. Experimentation is even more desirable and should be based upon a thorough consideration of all the factors in the case and upon the experience of Japan missionaries. The rise of self-consciousness in the minds of Christian Chinese leaders and the action of the Continuation Committees in China have made it unwise and in some quarters impractic- 29 PREPARATION FOR CHINA able to follow the old paternalistic theories of leadership. Experiments are in order, but they should be made upon the joint decision of missionaries and Chinese leaders. Experi- menters should bear in mind that working shoulder to shoul- der with a Chinese fellow worker is better than encouraging him from behind, and that the Oriental leader will profit by recognizing that his foreign co-laborer is, through the Chris- tian inheritance of centuries, his superior in this legacy of character and ideals. 10. Japan’s Evolution.—Dr. John R. Mott’s contention that missionaries to China can learn more from the experi- ence of modern missions in Japan than from that of any other single country is so true that this study should be in the program of the early years in China. While Dr. DeForest’s life is the best source at present, the promised biography of Dr. Davis and one of Dr. Greene, if it could be written, would supply further light as to how a man may influence a people in the process of transformation. The Japan Evan- gelist and the Year Book of the Christian Movement in Japan will prove very helpful in this study. If a number of missionaries are in a station and would subscribe jointly for the Japan Weekly Mail they would not only find it a source of illumination, but would also derive from it a view of China which is invaluable. The secular Year Book of Japan is also commended if any extended study of the subject is under- taken. Dr. Gulick’s Evolution of the Japanese is still valu- able, though not recent. 11. Occidental Progress.—In order to converse intelli- gently and helpfully with students and other new Chinese, it is essential that the missionary should be a student of Western progress. The making of Europe and America, es- pecially of Great Britain and the United States, is replete with lessons for China’s transitional stage. History, how- ever, is not so helpful as a mastery of present-day move- ments in the industrial, social, intellectual and religious 30 PREPARATION FOR CHINA world. By clubbing together a group of missionaries could have the reading of a few of the best periodicals and the most notable volumes of the year. The resultant knowledge should be passed on to appreciative Christians and other Chinese, either orally or through Chinese periodicals. 12. Life Specialties —Every missionary can make some contribution to the interpretation of China to the world. It cannot be done ina year. It must be some elemental subject which has gripped the soul and which, brooded over and studied on every side, at last becomes clear and illuminating. Dr. Gulick’s classic, just mentioned, is an illustration of what is meant, as also his latest volume, intended to mediate be- tween Japan and the United States, The American Japanese Problem. The mastery of some perennial problem of China’s present and future, its agitation and measures for its solu- tion will endear an elect missionary to millions and win for him China’s grateful epitaph, ‘““He loveth our nation.” 13. The Time for Such Studies——As already stated, lack of time rather than of inclination is the real difficulty in prosecuting any studies on the field. Seemingly this is a sufficient reason; really the objection only takes into account hours and an overflowing work which cannot be overtaken, no matter what program is adopted, while it ignores the far more important item of efficiency in the missionary vocation. The more rapidly China advances, the more varied the de- mands created by Occidental contact, the larger and more ex- acting one’s constituency becomes, the greater is the neces- sity of being fitted to aid and to lead in the nation’s Christian renaissance. The developing thirst of New China for the waters of a Christian life and civilization cannot be quenched at the mouth of empty cisterns; full and ever renewed springs can alone meet its clamant need. This means that missionaries should resolutely set them- selves to solve the problem of filling as related to the threat- ening disaster of an easy emptying. A systematic husband- 31 PREPARATION FOR CHINA ing of minutes; the use of hours spent on boats, in carts or sedan chairs for thought upon some pressing problem or for reading some helpful discussion affecting it; the employment of part of the rest period on the mountain or by the seashore; the occasional interjection of vital discussions of phases of missionary efficiency at monthly missionary gatherings, an- nual meetings, or on the cool heights of Kuling and Mokan- shan: these are suggestions only of what is possible without taking weeks of time for the studies recommended. But it is this Committee’s deliberate conviction that missionary Boards should encourage their missionaries to make time, if necessary, to enable their workers to live the abundant life which is bound to be the most fruitful one. Need we add that the spiritual filling of the individual should be safe- guarded and developed as a primal necessity of missionary efficiency? D. Courses or Stupy FoR MISSIONARIES ON FuRLOUGH Definite and helpful suggestions for missionaries at home on furlough are most difficult to make. With a year only at their disposal, with the constant demands coming to such missionaries as are acceptable speakers, with the necessity for physical and mental rest, and with financial problems to face, the prospect for study at home is scant. Moreover, those at home on their third or later furloughs have reached an age when any formal study at college, seminary or univer- sity, is intellectually difficult. Happily a large and growing number of missionaries on furlough are surmounting these difficulties and thus are demonstrating the practicability of deriving much intellectual and spiritual profit during this rest period. ; I. Provision FoR FurLoucH Stupy. 1. The Time Ele- ment.—Missionaries are at the disposal of their Boards. Hence the Societies should be induced to grant all their work- ers under fifty years of age, who may wish to do so, part of their furlough period for special study to fit them for more 32 PREPARATION FOR CHINA effective work on their return. At least three months, or better, a full school year of the average furlough should be spared for this purpose. If the missionary is in good health, the Sundays of this period could be used for nearby deputa- tion work, though preferably they should be sacred to rest and enable him to hear inspiring and spiritual preachers and to inspect the Sunday operations of successful churches. 2. The Expenses of Study.—Furlough allowances would naturally continue, and the cost of living in educational cen- ters is ordinarily less than in most cities. A number of North American Boards are already meeting the special ex- penses incident to such studies. II. StupIEs To BE PursueD. 1. Necessary Courses.—In some cases missionaries return from tasks which demand _ further study, notably physicians and educators. Such men and women need no suggestions from others as to what to do on furlough. 2. Personal Preferences——Other workers feel the need of intellectual stimulus and refurbishing. If they do not de- mand specialized studies, as do those mentioned in the pre- ceding paragraph, the personal equation should dictate the courses to be pursued. 3. Studies Commonly Desirable-—Those missionaries who do not fall under the two preceding categories will prob- ably find the following studies most profitable: Modern Bible studies and Church methods, special periods of Church his- tory, religious education, social studies of a practical sort, constitutional history, Oriental history, economics, national efficiency, modern theories of evolution, apologetics, and the science of missions. Some or all of these may have been studied years before; here they are suggested only that the missionary may be brought into touch with the latest results of scholarship in these various lines. Bible study under com- petent leadership seems especially desirable. Recent secular 33 PREPARATION FOR CHINA literature in science, history or fiction, will interpret modern life in a profitable way. One prominent missionary makes these excellent general suggestions: “A furlough gives a valuable opportunity for the study of China as a whole. During his life there, the missionary is confined mainly to one place, or district, and it is difficult for him quietly and thoughtfully to look out upon the whole nation. When on furlough, he is sufficiently re- moved from the sphere of his work to review what is hap- pening in China in a broad, detached and impartial spirit. A furlough also provides an excellent opportunity for further study of the Chinese language, if it is possible for him to at- tend a school of Oriental studies.” III. THr Pract or Stupy. This will be determined part- ly by the courses to be taken. The Board of Missionary Preparation will aid in directing missionaries to institutions where special needs may best be met. If Sunday work is ex- pected of those on furlough, institutions central to a denom- inational constituency may decide the question. Personal preferences or family necessities will often dictate the loca- tion for study. 1. Personal Study—Many missionaries will prefer to study at their temporary homes instead of in an educational institution. In that case, they will wisely locate in a city where library facilities are ample, and where expert advice as to reading is available—which would commonly mean a university town. Here also the Director of the Board of Missionary Preparation can be of great practical assistance to those desiring expert counsel. 2. Institutional Study—In general a university center can supply a larger range of courses and professors for spe- cial studies than can be found in a college or a missionary training school. Moreover, when a degree is desirable, as an M. A. for China, and missionaries can remain long enough to secure it with additional field study, the degree conferring 34 PREPARATION FOR CHINA institution has this advantage. Specializing schools also have their advantages, such as a more sympathetic atmos- phere, expert professors, and more extended opportunities for definitely missionary courses. E. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE ON CHINA I. THe ALPHABETICAL List. The bibliography here pre- sented is a selected list chosen from a larger one supplied by persons who have had long experience in China as mission- aries, though this is not wholly true of works on Apologetics, B. IIIf. 15. The chairman of the Committee has been ob- liged to assume responsibility for reducing the list to its pres- ent dimensions. Even as it now remains, the number of entries is larger than would be advisable, were it not for the fact that libraries are likely to be deficient in literature on China and by supplying a larger list it becomes more possible to find some books upon each main subject. An asterisk prefixed to certain titles indicates that the volumes thus marked are either superior as general works of reference, or else are the best for certain topics, though not always as a whole, but rather in certain chapters or briefer sections. The capitals A, B, C, D, and subsequent numerals follow- ing title entries suggest the sections of the report for which they are especially useful, though in many cases a volume is helpful for other sections of the report than are indicated. 1. Adams, W. F. A New Pocket Dictionary (now in press). Shanghai. C. I. 1. 2. Alexander, A. B. D. Christianity and Ethics. Scribners, 1914. B. III. 15. 3. Alexander, G. G. Lao Tsze, the Great Thinker. Tribner, 189567 Be 11Ts.9. 4, *Allan, C. W. The Makers of Cathay. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai, 1909. B. III. 9. 5. Angier, A.G. The Far East Revisited (Part II.) Witherby & Co., 1908. BB. III. 8. 35 LD 16. PREPARATION FOR CHINA Arnold, T. W. The Preaching of Islam. Scribner, 1913. B. L157 *Backhouse, E., and Bland, J. O. P. Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Peking (from the 16th to the 20th century). Heinemann, 1913. B. III. 5, 9. Balfour, F. H. Divine Classic of Nan Hua, being the work of Chuang Tsze. Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1881. B. III. 7, 11. — Taoist Texts (with translations). Kelly & Walsh, Shang- hai, 1884. B. III. 7, 11. Ball, J. D. The Celestial and his Religions. (Lecture II.) Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1906. B. III. 6, 7.. — The Chinese at Home. Revell, 1911. B. III. 2, 3. — *Things Chinese. Murray, 1904. (Article “Chinese Peo- ple, Characteristics of,” B. III. 2; “Language” and “Dia- lects,’ B. IIT. 10;. “Literature” and. “Poetry,” B.) TIL.11; “Societies,” B. III. 3; “Societies, Secret,” B. III. 7.) Baller, F. W. An Analytical Chinese-English Dictionary. China Inland Mission, Shanghai, 1900. C. I, II. — Fortunate Union. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai. B. III. RE — Lessons in Elementary Wenli. China Inland Mission. London, 1912. C. II. 2. — Letters from an Old Missionary to his Nephew. (Letter I.) Presbyterian Press, Shanghai, 1907. C. I. (throughout the year). 17—A Mandarin Primer. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai. C. I. 1. 18. 19; 20. Zi ee. 23. *Barber, W. T. A. David Hill, Missionary and Saint. C. H. Relly, 1696) wetter lo: Barton, J. L. Educational Missions. Student Volunteer Movement, 1913. B. III. 4, 14. Bashford, J. W. China and Methodism. Methodist Book Concern, 1906. B. III. 12. Batty, J. A. S. Our Opportunity in China (Anglican Mis- sions). Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1912. BALEN 2 *Beal, S. Buddhism in China. S. P. C. K., 1884. B. III. Of73 — A Catena of Buddhistic Scriptures from the Chinese. Dribnerle7 iBall h 6572 36 PREPARATION FOR CHINA Bentley, W. P. Illustrious Chinese Christians. Standard Publishing Co., 1906. B. III. 13. Berry, D. M. The Sister Martyrs of esate) Memoir and Letters of Eleanor and Elizabeth Saunders. Revell, n. depp Be IAA. *Bitton, N. Griffith John, the Apostle of Central China (a sketch extending to his death). Sunday School Union, Lon- don, 1912. B. III. 13. — Our Heritage in China (London Missionary Society). London Missionary Society, 1913. B. III. 12. Blakeslee, G. H., editor. China and the Far East. Crowell, tO Oe Che XI Vie Ballt:-12, — Recent Developments in China. Stechert, 1913. (Em- press Dowager.) Ch. XVI, B. III. 9. | Bland, J. O. P. Recent Events and Present Policies in China. Heinemann, 1912. B. III. 5, 8. *Bland, J. O. P., and Backhouse, E. China Under the Em- press Dowager. Lippincott, 1912. B. III. 9. Bond, G. J. Our Share in China (Canadian Methodist work). Toronto Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, 1909. Be‘FTk. 12; Boulger, D. C. History of China. 2 vols. W. Thacker & Co., 1898. B. III. 8, 9. — Life of Gordon. 2 vols. Unwin, London, 1896. B. III. 87016. Bradt, C. E., and others. Around the World Studies and Stories of Presbyterian Foreign Missions. Missionary Press Coe ev ichita nansas.. Be TIT. 12, Brewster, W. N. Evolution of New China. Methodist Book Concern, 1907. B. III. 5. Bridgman, E. J., editor. The Life and Labors of Elijah Coleman Bridgman. Randolph, 1864. B. III. 13. Brinkley, F. Oriental Series. China. Millet Co., 1902. Vol. X, ch. I., B. III. 1; vol. X, ch: IL, ~&B. a Ss vol. XT; chs. II-IV, B. III. 12. Broomhall, M. The Chinese Empire: A General and Mis- sionary Survey. Morgan & Scott, 1907. B. III. 12. — Doctor Lee. Morgan & Scott, 1908. B. III. 13. — (editor). In Memoriam: Rev. J. Hudson Taylor, M. R. C. S., Beloved Founder and Director of the China Inland Mission. Morgan & Scott, 1905. B. III. 13. 37 61. 62. PREPARATION FOR CHINA — *Islam in China. Morgan & Scott, 1910. B. III. 7. Brown, A. J. The Chinese Revolution. Student Volunteer Movement, 1912. B. III. 5, 8. — The Foreign Missionary. Revell, 1907. A. — New Forces in Old China. Revell, 1904. B. III. 8. Brown, C. C. China in Legend and Story. Revell, N. Y., 12 OY pis Ba He ie — A Chinese St. Francis; or, The Life of Brother Mao. Hod- der & Stoughton, 1911. B. III. 13. Brown, W. A. The Christian Hope. Scribner, 1912. B. TBH EY bey: Bruce, A. B. Apologetics. Scribner, 1899. B, III. 15. Bryan, T. Two Years’ Course of Study in the Chinese Language. Methodist Publishing House, Shanghai. C. I. 1. Bryson, Mrs. M. I. Fred. C. Roberts of Tientsin. Allen- son, 1895. .B. III. 13. — *John Kenneth Mackenzie, Medical Missionary to SENG Revell. B. III. 13, 14. Budd, C. Chinese Poems. Henry French, 1912. B. III. 11. Bullock, T. L. Progressive Exercises in the Chinese Written Language. Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., 1902. C. I. 1. Burns, I. Memoir of Rev. Wm. C. Burns, M. A. Nisbet, 1885. B. III. 13. Burton, M. E. Education of Women in China. Revell, 1911. B. III. 4. — Notable Women of Modern China. Revell, 1912. B. Po: Bushell, S. W. Chinese Art. 2 vols. Eyre & Spottiswoode, 19102 Be Taeine: Bushnell, H. The Character of Jesus. Scribner, 1910. B. TH: 15; By the Great Wall of China. The Selected Correspondence of Isabella Riggs Williams. Revell, 1909. B. III. 13. *Call, Qualifications and Preparation of Candidates for Mis- sionary Service. Student Volunteer Movement, 1906. A. Candlin, G. T. Chinese Fiction. Open Court Publishing Co., Chicago, 1898. B. III. 11. — John Innocent: A Story of Mission Work in North China. United Methodist Publishing House, London, 1909. B, TTA: 38 79. 81. PREPARATION FOR CHINA Cantlie, J., and Jones, C.S. Sun Yat Sen. Jarrold & Sons, 19125 Bs Tts9: Carus, P. lLao-Tze’s Tao-teh-king. Chicago, Open Court Publishing Co., 1898. B. III. 7, 11. Catholic Encyclopedia (article “China”). Robert Appleton, 1908-12. B. III. 12. Chalfant, F. H. Early Chinese Writing. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, Vol. IV, No. 1, 1906. B. III. 10. C.I. 1. Chalmers, J. An Account of the Structure of Chinese Char- acters. Triibner, 1882. B. III. 10. C. I. 1. Chang Chih-tung. China’s Only Hope. Revell, 1900. B. III. 8. Chén, H. C. Economic Principles of Confucius and His School. Longmans, 1911. B. III. 5, 6. *China Centenary Missionary Conference Records. American Tract Society, 1907. B. III. 4, 7, 12, 14. China Mission Handbook, 1896. Presbyterian Press, Shang- hai, 1896. Pp. 1-46, B. III. 7. Pp. 46-58 (Dialects), B. RITSFLOS *China Mission Year Books, Christian Literature Society, Shanghai. Missionary Education Movement, New York. B. III. 4, 12, 14. China: Social and Economic Conditions. American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1912. B. III. 3. *Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (see files of the periodical, especially since 1905). Presbyterian Press, Shang- hai. B. III. 10, 12, 14. The Christian Movement in Japan, Tokyo. C. II. 10. Christie, Mrs. D. Thirty Years in the Manchu Capital ... Being the Recollections of Dugald Christie, C. M. G., F. R. apo Moke Gam VMackride, Nastige Go. 1914. Bo IIT: 13, 14. Clarke, W. N. The Christian Doctrine of God. Scribner, US” Tees 5 a ee *Cochrane, T. Survey of the Missionary Occupation of China. Christian Literature Society for China, Shanghai, 1913... B. JTL. 12... C. IT. 4. — Atlas of China in Provinces. Christian Literature Society for China, Shanghai, 1913. B.III.12. C. II. 4. Collier, P. The West in the East. Scribner, 1911. B. III. 5. 39 82. 83. 86. 87. 97. 98. PREPARATION FOR CHINA Colquhoun, A. R. China in Transformation. Harper, 1912. Bliss. “Chapter Is Beni aes: The Continuation Committee Conferences in Asia, 1912-13. Chairman of the Continuation Committee, 25 Madison Ave., New York. B. III. 14; C. II. 6. Cornaby, W. A. The Call of Cathay (for Wesleyan Missions especially). Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, 1910. Bolith 12: Costain, A. J. The Life of Dr. Arthur Jackson of Man- churia. Hodder & Stoughton, 1911. B. III. 13. Couvreur, F. S. Dictionnaire Classique de la Langue Chinoise. Ho Kien-fou, Impr. de la Mission Catholique. 1904.:7' Ge 119273. Dale, W. Our Missions in the Far East (Presbyterian Church of England). Publications Committee, 21 Warwick Lane, 1907. -B. III..12, | Davis, Sir J. F. On the Poetry of the Chinese (from the Royal Asiatic Transactions). Macao, China, 1834. B. PIUMLL Dean, W. The China Mission (history of all Protestant Missions in China until 1859). Tribner, 1859. B. III. 12. — Memoir of Mrs. Lucy T. Lord. American Baptist Publi- cation Society, Philadelphia, 1854. B. III. 13. De Forest, C. B. The Evolution of a Missionary (John Hyde De Forest). Revell, 1914. C. II. 10. De Gruché, K. Doctor Apricot of “Heaven Below”: The Story of the Hangchow Medical Mission (C. M. S.). Mar- shall Bros., n. d. B. III. 14. Dennis, J. S. Christian Missions and Social Progress. 3 vols. (See Index under “China.”) Revell, 1897-1906. B. LET -33: Der Ling, Princess [Mrs. T. C. White]. Two Years in the Forbidden City. Moffat, Yard & Co., 1914. B. III. 9. Dingle, E. G. China’s Revolution, 1911-12. MacBride, Nast & Co., 1912. B. III. 8. *Doolittle, J. Social Life in China. 2 vols. Harper, 1865. Bupiies: Doré, H. Recherches sur les Superstitions en Chine (1 vol. published). T‘usewei Press, Shanghai. B. III. 7. Douglas, R. K. Confucianism and Taouism. S. P. C. K. London, 1906. B. III. 6, 7. 40 116. 117. PREPARATION FOR CHINA — *Society in China. Innes, 1894. B. III. 3. — Story of the Nations—China. Putnam, 1900. B. III. 8. Du Bose, H. C. The Dragon, Image and Demon. Arm- strong & Son, 1887. B. III. 6, 7. Eddy, G. S. The New Era in Asia. Missionary Education Movement, N. Y., 1913. Chs. IV, V. B. III. 14. Edkins, J. Chinese Buddhism. Triibner, 1893. B. III. 7. — Religions in China. Triibner, 1878. B. III. 7. Educational Review, Educational Association of China, Shanghai. B. III. 4. Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. Cambridge University Press, 1910. (Article “China,” B. III. 1; article “China (History),” B. III. 8; article “China (Literature),” B. III. 11; article “China (The Chinese Language),” B. III. 10; articles “Confucius,” “Kublai Khan,” “Mencius,” B. III. 9.) The Encyclopedia of Islam (article “China”). Vol. I. Lu- zac & Co., 1913. B. III. 7. *Faber, E. The Mind of Mencius. Triibner, 1882. B. III. One — A Systematic Digest of the Doctrines of Confucius. 2d ed. General Evangelical Protestant Missionary Society, Ber- lin, 1902. B. III. 6, 7. Fagg, J. G. Forty Years in South China: The Life of Rev. John Van Nest Talmage, D.D. A. D. F. Randolph, 1894. Doltieloe Fairbairn, A. M. Philosophy of the Christian Religion. Macmillan, 1902. B. III. 15. *Fisher, D. W. Calvin Wilson Mateer, Forty-five Years a Missionary in Shantung, China. Westminster Press, Phila- delphia, 1911. B. III. 13. Fiske, J. Through Nature to God. Houghton, 1899. B. TERES3 “For His Sake”... Extracts from the Letters of Elsie Mar- shall, Martyred at Hwa-sang, August 1, 1895. Revell, 1896. Benkets: Forsyth, P. T. The Person and Place of Jesus Christ. Pil- grim Press, 1909. B. IIT. 15. Forsyth, R. C. The China Martyrs of 1900. Revell, n. d. BOTLEsTs. — Shantung, the Sacred Province of China. Christian Literature Society for China, Shantung, 1912. B. III. 12. 41 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. PREPARATION FOR CHINA Fosdick, H. E. The Assurance of Immortality. Macmillan, 1913 21B. alHeit5. Foster, A. Christian Progess in China. Religious Tract So- ciety, 1889. B. III. 12, 14. Foster, J. American Diplomacy in the Orient. Houghton, 1903). PBI U5, 8: Foster, L. S. Fifty years in China ... Tarleton Perry Crawford. Bayless-Fullen Co., Nashville, 1909. B. III. 13. Garvie, A. E. Handbook of Christian Apologetics. Duck- worth & Co., 1913. B. III. 15. Geden, A. S. Studies in Religions of the East. C. H. Kelly, London, 1913. B. III. 6, 7. *Gibson, J. C. Mission Problems and Mission Methods in South China. Revell, 1901. B. III. 14. Giles, H. A. Chinese Biographical Dictionary. Quaritch, 1898. B. III. 9. — *A Chinese-English Dictionary (‘‘Preface” and “Philo- logical Essay”). Quaritch, 1892. 2d ed. 1912. B. III. 10. Cl ; — Chinese Poetry in English Verse. Quaritch, 1898. B. IT, 44. — The Civilization of China. H. Holt, 1911. B. III. 8. — Gems of Chinese Literature. Quaritch, 1884. B. III. 11. — *History of Chinese Literature. Appleton, 1901. B. III. 11. — Religions of Ancient China. Archibald Constable & Co., 1903;' Belles 7: — Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio (Liao Chai trans- lated). T. dela Rue & Co., London, 1880. B. III. 7, 11. Giles, L. Musings of a Chinese Mystic. Selections from the Philosophy of Chuang Tzii. Dutton, 1910. B. III. 7. — Taoist Teachings from the Book of Lieh Tzi. Dutton, 1912. ».BeTll.6, 4; Gilmour, J. Among the Mongols. Religious Tract Society, nds Be Til vl3iia. Glover, T. R. Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Em- pire, 3d ed. Scribner, 1909. B. II. Goodrich, C. Pocket Dictionary (Chinese-English). Pres- byterian Press, Shanghai. C. I. 1. Gouin, F. The Art of Teaching and Studying Languages. 7th ed. Longmans, 1904. C. I. 1. 42 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. - 147, 148. 149, 150. idk 152. 158: 154. 155. 156. 157: PREPARATION FOR CHINA Gowen, H. H. An Outline History of China. 2 vols. Sher- man, French & Co., 1913. B. III. 8. Grant, G. M. Religions of the World. Revell, n.d. B. III. 6} 7; Gray, A. R., and Sherman, A. M. The Story of the Church in China (American Episcopal Church). Domestic and For- eign Missionary Society, N. Y., 1913. B. III. 12. Gray, J. H. China. 2 vols. Macmillan, 1878. B. III. 2. Griffis, W. E. China’s Story. Houghton, 1911. B. III. 8. *Groot, J. J. M. de. Religion in China. Putnam, 1912. B. TIT:'6, 7: — The Religion of the Chinese. Macmillan, 1910. B. III. 6, 7. — *Religious Systems of China. 6 vols. published. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1892-1910. B. III. 6,7. C. II. 5. — Sectarianism and Religious Persecution in China. 2 vols. (See Index under “Christianity in China’). J. Miller, Am- sterdam, 1904. B. III. 12. Guinness, M. G. The Story of the China Inland Mission. 2 vols. Morgan & Scott, 1894. B, III. 12. Gwatkin, H. M. The Knowledge of God. 2 vols. Scribner, 1906. B. III. 15. Hackmann, H. Buddhism as a Religion. Probsthain & Co., 1910, Bi IIT,'6;'7: Hall, C. C. Christian Belief Interpreted by Christian Ex- perience. University of Chicago Press, 1905. B. III. 15. — Universal Elements of Christian Religion. Revell, 1905. BAILS: Hannah, I. C. Eastern Asia, A History. Unwin, 1911. B. III. 8. Hardy, E. J. John Chinaman at Home. Unwin, 1907. B. TIT) 2. Harnack, A. Mission and Expansion of Christianity. 2 vols. Putnam, 1908. B. II. Hart, A. B. The Obvious Orient (Part III). Appleton, 1911. B. III. 8. Hastings, J., editor. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. Scribner, 1911. Articles “China,” “Communion with the Dead (Chinese),” “Confucian Religion,” “Confucius.” B. LEE Orn7e9: 43 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 17: 17a 17.3, 174. PREPARATION FOR CHINA Hawes, C. E. New Thrills in Old China. Hodder & Stough- ton, 1913. °B. IIl.14. Headland, I. T. Chinese Heroes... in the Boxer Uprising. Eaton & Mains, 1902. B. III. 13. — Court Life in China. Revell, 1909. B. III. 9. — Home Life in China. Macmillan, 1913. B.-III. 2, 3. Hellier, J. E. Life of David Hill. Morgan & Scott, n. d. BAITS) Henry, B. C. The Cross and the Dragon. A. D. F. Ran- dolph, 1885. B. III. 14. Hillier, W. The Chinese Language and How to Learn it. 2 vols. Triibner, 1907. Vol. II contains text and translation of the Liao Chai into Pekingese (which has an English trans- lation) and a vocabulary. This volume is published by Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai. B.III.10. CI. 1, Hinckley, F. E. American Consular Jurisdiction in the Orient. Lowdermilk, Washington, D. C., 1906. B. III. 5. *Hirth, F. The Ancient History of China to the End of the Chou Dynasty. Lemcke, 1908. B. III. 8. — Notes on the Chinese Documentary Style. (Introduction). Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1888. B. III. 10. C. II. 2. Historical Sketches of the Presbyterian Missions (Presby- terian Church in the U. S. A.). Woman’s Foreign Mission- ary Society of the Presbyterian Church, 1897. B. III. 12. Hodder, E. Conquests of the Cross. 3 vols. Cassell & Co., 1890. B. III. 12. Holcombe, C. The Real Chinaman. ‘Dodd, 1909. B. III. PB NY: Hopkins, L. C. Chinese Writing in the Chou Dynasty in the Light of Recent Discoveries. Journal Royal Asiastic So- ciety, Oct., L91diy By Lelie Colha1 Horne, C.S. The Story of the L. M.S. London Missionary Society, 1908. B. III. 12. Hoy, W. E. History of the China Mission of the Reformed Church in the United States. Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in the United States, Philadelphia, 1914. B. III. 12. Huc, L’Abbé. Christianity in China, Tartary and Tibet. 3 vols. (Roman Catholic Missions to the 18th Century.) Longmans, 1857-58. B. III. 12. A4 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189, 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. PREPARATION FOR CHINA Hutchinson, W. Customs of the World. (Vol. I, ch. XI.) Hutchinson & Co., 1913. B. III. 3. Illingworth, J. R. Personality, Human and Divine. Mac- millan, 1894. B. III. 15. *International Review of Missions. Edinburgh. B. II. C. Li? 6; The Japan Evangelist. Tokyo. C. II. 10 The Japan Weekly Mail. Tokyo. C. II. 10 Jefferys, W. H. James Addison Ingle. Domestic and For- eign Missionary Society, 1913. B. III. 13. Jenkins, R. C. The Jesuits in China. Nutt, London, 1894. By prs. Jennings, W. The Shi King, the Old “Poetry Classic” of the Chinese. Routledge, 1891. B. III. 11. Jernigan, T. R. China in Law and Commerce. Macmillan, LOO SMB. PLA Jesperson, O. How to Teach a Foreign Language. Mac- millan, 1904. C. I. 1. Johannsen, A. M. Everlasting Pearl, One of China’s Women. China Inland Mission, 1913. B. III. 13. Johnston, J. China and Formosa: The Story of the Mis- sion of the Presbyterian Church of England. Hazell, Wat- son. & Viney, 1897. B. III. 12. *Johnston, R. F. Buddhist China. Dutton, 1913. B. III. 7. Jones, D. The Pronunciation of English. Putnam, 1909. Cals), Keltie, Epstein, and others. The Statesman’s Year Book. Macmillan. B. III. 1. Kemp, E, G. The Face of China. Chatto & Windus, Lon- don, 1909, B. III. 1. Kent, P. H. The Passing of the Manchus. Longmans, 1912. B. III. 8. King, F. H, Farmers of Forty Centuries. Mrs. F. H. King, Madison, Wis., 1911. B. III. 2. King, H. E. The Educational System of China as Recently Reconstructed. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1911. (U.S. Bureau of Education. Bulletin, 1911, No. 15.) B. III. 4. Knox, G. The Direct and Fundamental Proofs of the Chris- tian Religion. Scribner, 1903. B. III. 15. 45 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. Due: PREPARATION FOR CHINA Koo, V. K. W. Status of Aliens in China. Longmans, 1912. Ballas: | Ku Hung-ming. The Discourses and Sayings of Confucius. Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1898. B. III. 9, 11. Kuan Hua Chih Nan. A Guide to Mandarin Colloquial. Shanghai, 1895.0 G.I. Kudo, T. The Ethics of Confucius. Methodist Publishing House, Tokyo, 1904. B. III. 6, 7. *Kuo, P. W. The Chinese System of Public Education. Teachers College, New York, 1915. B, III. 4. Lanning, G. Old Forces in New China. Probsthain, 1912. Bilis: Laufer, B. Jade: A Study in Chinese Archeology and Re- ligion. Quaritch, 1912. B. III. 7. Le Gall, P. S. Le Philosophe Tchou Hi. T‘usewei Press, Shanghai’ By iil Oro Lis, Legge, H. E. James Legge, Missionary and Scholar. Re- ligious Tract Society, 1905. B. III. 13, 14. *Legge, J. The Chinese Classics with a Translation; etc. Vol. I, Confucian Analects, B. III. 9, 11, C. II. 2; vol. II, Works of Mencius, B. III. 9, 11, C. II. 2; vol. IV, The She- king, Bo TIL 11, Corr? 2; vol. V, The Chin Ts’ew, B. III. A Wa iy it 4 — The Chinese Classics—The She King; or, The Book of Poetry. Triibner, 1876. B. IIT. 11. — *Life and Teachings of Confucius. Triibner, 1909. B. ITTS 6): 729 211e — *Life and Works of Mencius. Triibner, 1875. B. III. G79 atAy — Religions of China. Scribner, 1881. B. III. 6, 7. — Sacred Books of the East.. Shu King, Hsiao King. Vol. III. 1899. The ‘Yi King.) Volov Ty f882. The Li Ki. Vols. XXVII, XXVIII. 1885. The Texts of Taoism. XXXIX, XL. 1891. Clarendon Press. B. III. 6, 7,11. C. II. 2. Lewis, R. E. Educational Conquest of the Far East. Revell, 1903. B. III. 4. ; *Li Ung-bing. Outline of Chinese History (Edited by J. Whiteside). Commercial Press, Shanghai, 1914. B. III. 8. *Little, A. The Far East. Clarendon Press, 1905. B. III. 1. 46 213. 214. 21D. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 232. PREPARATION FOR CHINA — Gleanings from Fifty Years in China. (Part III.) Samp- son, Low, Marston & Co., 1910. B. III. 1, 11. Lovett, R. History of the London Missionary Society. 1795- 1895. 2 vols. Henry Frowde, 1899. B. III. 12. — James Gilmour of Mongolia. Religious Tract Society, 1892. B. III. 13, 14. Lowrie, W. Memoirs of the Rev. Walter M. Lowrie, Mis- sionary to China. Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby- terian Church, 1850. B. III. 13. McCormick, F. The Flowery Republic. John Murray, 1913. BullL8. } McFarland, G. A., and Rossheim, I. D. First Year in Book- keeping and Accounting. Appleton, 1913. B.IV. 7. *MacGillivray, D., editor. A Century of Protestant Missions in China (1807-1907). Presbyterian Mission Press, Shang- hai, 1907. B. III. 12. For sale at American Tract Society, New York. — A Mandarin—Romanized Dictionary of Chinese. Presby- terian Mission Press, Shanghai. C. I. 1. MacGowan, J. Christ or Confucius, Which? (Amoy London Mission.) London Missionary Society, 1889. B. III. 12. — *The Imperial History of China. 2d ed. Presbyterian Mission Press, 1906. B. III. 8. — Sidelights on Chinese Life. Tritbner, 1908. B. III. 3. Mackenzie, M. Twenty-five Years in Honan. Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in Canada, Toronto, Orda iL i214. Mackintosh, H. R. The Christian Doctrine of the Person of Christ. Scribner, 1912. B. III. 15. Mannix, W. F., editor. Memoirs of Li Hung Chang. Hough- fon Ol3 a By ILL. 9: Marshall, T. W. M. Christian Missions. 2 vols. (A Roman Catholic History.) Sadlier & Co., 1880. B. III. 12. Marston, A. W. With the King: Pages from the Life of Mrs. Cecil Polhill. Marshall Brothers, 1905. B. III. 13. Martin, W. A. P. The Awakening of China (Parts II, II). Doubleday, Page & Co., 1907. B. III. 8. — The Chinese. Revell, 1898. B. III. 11. — A Cycle of Cathay. Revell, 1896. B. III. 8. — *The Lore of Cathay. Revell, 1901. B. III. 11. 47 233. 234. 235. 236. 20/5 1238: 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. Aol 202: PREPARATION FOR CHINA Mateer, A. H. New Terms for New Ideas. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai, 1913. C. II. 1. Mateer, C. W. A Course of Mandarin Lessons. Presby- terian Press, Shanghai, 1900. C. I. 1. — A Short Course of Primary Lessons in Mandarin. Pres- byterian Press, Shanghai, 1901. C. I. 1. Mateer, R. McC. Character Building in China: The Life Story of Julia Brown Mateer. Revell, 1912. B. III. 13. Matheson, D., and MacGowan, J. Our Mission in China (Presbyterian Church of England). Presbyterian Church of England, v1882.) BAritaiz. Matthews, G. M., and Hough, S. S. The Call of China and the Islands. (United Brethren in Christ Missions.) United Brethren in Christ, Dayton, O., 1912. B. III. 12. *Mayers, W. F. The Chinese Reader’s Manual. Presby- terian Press, Shanghai, 1910. B.III,8,9. C. II. 3. *Medhurst, C. S. The Tao Teh King. Theosophical Book Concern, Chicago, 1905. B. III. 7, 11. Medhurst, W. H. China: Its State and Prospects. ‘John Snow, 1942. B. III. 12. Meyer, F. B. Memorials of Cecil Robertson, F. R. C. S. of Sianfu, Medical Missionary. The Carey Press, London, PRB Pe Meg PhO Def Millard, T. F. F. America and the Far Eastern Question. Moffat, Yard & Co., 1909. B. III. 5, 8. — The New Far East. Scribner, 1906. B. III. 5, 8. Mills, J. S., and others. Our Foreign Missionary Enterprise (United Brethren Mission). United Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, O., 1908. B. III. 12. *Miner, L. China’s Book of Martyrs. Westminster Press, HK Pa sa Wi a — Two Heroes of Cathay. Revell, 1903. B. III. 13. Montgomery, H. H. Service Abroad. Longmans, Green & Co., 1910. A. Moody, C. The Heathen Heart. Oliphant, Anderson & Fer- rier, Edinburgh, 1907. B. III. 2, 14. — Saints in Formosa. Revell, 1912. B. III. 2, 14. Moore, G. F. History of Religions. (Vol. I, ch. II.) Scrib- ner, 19137" BALL 6.47: Morgan, E. A Guide to Wenli Styles and Chinese Ideals. Christian Literature Society, Shanghai, 1912. C. II. 2.. 48 253. 254. 253% 256. 297, 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. Zit. 272. 273% 274. PREPARATION FOR CHINA — New Terms and Expressions. Kelly & Walsh, 1913. C. TI; , Morrison, Mrs. R. Memoirs of the Life and Labors of Rob- ert Morrison, D.D. 2 vols. Longmans, 1839. B. III. 13. Morse, H. B. Guilds of China. Longmans, 1909. B. III. 3. — Trade and Administration of the Chinese Empire. Long- mans, 1908. B. III. 1. *Moule, A. E. The Chinese People. Gorham, 1914. B. IIL, See ere Vly, Leer oe cass Vv LLY IX Be ITT? 12. Myers, J. B., editor. The Centenary Volume of the Baptist Missionary Society (English Baptist Missions). Baptist Mis- sionary Society, 1892. B. III. 12. *National Review. Shanghai. B. III. 5. Neryu, R. P. L. Méthode de l’Apostolat Moderne en Chine. Société des Missions-Etrangéres, Hongkong, 1911. B. III. 12. Nevius, H. S.C. The Life of John Livingston Nevius. Re- VelnolOgosmery. Lil. Lo: Nevius, J. L. China and the Chinese. Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1882. B. III. — Methods of Mission Work. Foreign Missions Library, New York, 1895. B. III. 14. Norris, F. C. Handbooks of English Church Expansion— China. Mowbray, 1908. B. III. 12. Old, W. G. The Shu King. John Lane, 1904. B, III. 11. Orr, J. The Christian View of God and the World. 6th ed. A. Elliot, Edinburgh, 1902. B. III. 15. Osgood, E. I. Breaking Down Chinese Walls, from a Doc- tor’s Viewpoint. Revell, 1908. B. III. 14. Owen, G. The Evolution of Chinese Writing. Horace Hart, Oxford,.m d) pBeyIIl, 10... 1.) 1, Pakenham—Walsh, W. S. Some Typical Christians of South China. Marshall Brothers, 1905. B. III. 13. Parker, E. H. Ancient China Simplified. Dutton, 1908. B. IT. & — *China and Religion. Dutton, 1905. B. III. 6, 7. Peabody, F. G. The Approach to the Social Question. Mac- millan, 1909. C. IT. 11. Peake, A. S. The Bible, Its Origin, Significance and Abiding Truth. Doran, 1913. B. III. 15. Peill, J. The Beloved Physician of Tsang chou: Life-work 49 275. 276. PH Bf 278. 279, 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291: PREPARATION FOR CHINA and Letters of Dr. Arthur D. Peill, F. R. C. S. E. Headly Brothers, n. d. B. III. 13. Philip, R. The Life and Opinions of Rev. William Milne, D.D. Herman Hooker, Philadelphia, 1840. B. III. 13. Porter, H. D. William Scott Ament. Revell, 1911. B. III. 13. Pott, F.L.H. The Emergency in China. Missionary Educa- tion Movement, 1913. B. III. 8, 12, 14. — *The History of China, rev. ed. Kelly & Walsh, Shang- hai,-1912., ¢ Belg. Prandi, F., translator. Memoirs of Father Ripa (Roman Catholic). John Murray, 1844. B. III. 13. . Present Day Tracts on the Non-Christian Religions of the World. Religious Tract Society, 1887. B. III. 6, 7. The Provinces of China. National Review, Shanghai, 1910. BULL Quirmbach, A. P. From Opium Fiend to Preacher: The Story of Cheng Ting Chiah. Musson Book Co., Toronto, 1907.3, Bariiei se Ratzel, F. History of Mankind. 3 vols. Macmillan, 1896- OS Ss Le. Rauschenbush, W. Christianity and the Social Crisis. Mac- millan,) 19TZ i ot 1: — Christianizing the Social Order. Macmillan, 1912. C. II. 11. *Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Mis- sionaries of China, 1877. Presbyterian Mission Press, Shang- hai, 1878. B. III. 12, 14. — *1890. Presbyterian Mission Press, Shanghai, 1890. B. III. 12, 14. Reeve, B. Timothy Richard, D.D.: China Missionary, Statesman and Reformer. S. W. Partridge & Co., n.d. B. Tit ei! . Reid, J. M., and Gracey, J. T. Missions and Missionary So- ciety of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 3 vols. (Part V.) Hunt & Eaton, 1895-96. B. III. 12. Reinsch, P. S. Intellectual and Political Currents in the Far East. Houghton, 1911. B. III. 4, 8. Report of a Conference on the Preparation of Ordained Mis- sionaries, Dec., 1914. Board of Missionary Preparation, New York, 1915. B. II. 50 292 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. PREPARATION FOR CHINA *Report on Missionary Education in China, American-Cana- dian Commission. Published by Commission on Christian Education in China, 156 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. B. III. 4. *Richard, L. Comprehensive Geography of the Chinese Em- pire. (Consult Index under “Missionaries, Roman Catholic, Protestant.” T‘usewei Press, Shanghai, 1908. B. III. 1, 12. Richard, T. The Awakening of Faith. Christian Literature Society, Shanghai, 1907. B. III. 7. — Conversion by the Million in China. 2 vols. (Chapter V. Author’s Autobiography.) Christian Literature Society, Shanghai, 1907. B. III. 13. — Guide to Buddhahood . . . Christian Literature Society, Shanghai, 1907. B. III. 7. Richard, T., and. MacGillivray, D. Dictionary of Philoso- phical Terms. Christian Literature Society, Shanghai. C. IT,.3% Richthofen, F. P. W., Freiherr von. Atlas. D. Reimer, Berlin, 1885-1912. B. III. 1. — *Baron Richthofen’s Letters, 1870-1872. 2d Ed. North China Herald Office, Shanghai, 1903. B. III. 1. Rippman, W. Elements of Phonetics. Dutton, 1912. C.I.1. Robertson-Scott, J. W. The People of China. Methuen, 1900) Bdts2: Romanes, G. J. Thoughts on Religion. Open Court Pub- lishing Co., Chicago, 1898. B. III. 15. *Ross, E. A. The Changing Chinese. Century Co., 1911. B. III. 2, 3, 4. *Ross, J. Mission Methods in Manchuria. Revell, n. d. B. III. 14. — Old Wang, the First Chinese Evangelist in Manchuria. Religious Tract Society, 1889. B. HI. 13. (Chapter IX.) B. III. 14. — *Original Religion of China. Methodist Book Concern, 1909. B. III. 7. Sanday, W. Inspiration. Longmans, 1900. B. III. 15. Schofield, A. T. Memorials of R. Harold A. Schofield, M.A., M.B. Hodder, 1898. B. III. 13. Seabury, J. B. The Vision of a Short Life (Warren Bartlett Seabury). Riverside Press, Cambridge, 1909. B. III. 13. Simpson, P.C. The Fact of Christ. Revell, 1906. B. III. 15. 51 311. 312, 313: 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. S215 O22, 323. 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329. 330. 331, PREPARATION FOR CHINA Sites, S. M. Nathan Sites: An Epic of the East. Revell, 1912,;;Bi dH 13. Smith, A. H. China and America To-day. Revell, 1907. Billy:5,8. — *China in Convulsion. 2 vols. Revell, 1901. B.III. 8, 12. — *Chinese Characteristics. Revell, 1894. B. III. 2. — Proverbs and Common Sayings from the Chinese. Presby- terian Press, Shanghai, 1902. B. III. 2. — The Uplift of China. Young Peoples’ Missionary Move- ment. B. III. 12, 14. — *Village Life in China. Revell, 1899. B. III. 3. Soames, L. Introduction to Phonetics. Macmillan, 1908. Gad bib: *Soothill, W. E. The Analects of Confucius. Revell, 1910. B. TIT: 9, a1. — Students’ Four Thousand Tzii and General Pocket Diction- ary. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai, 1911. C. I. 1. — *The Three Religions of China. Hodder and Stoughton, 1913. B. III. 6, 7. ’ — *A Typical Mission in China. Revell, 1906. B. III. 14. Speer, R. E. A’ Memorial of Horace Tracy Pitkin. Revell, 1903s B. sDI bids: — Missions and Modern History. 2 vols. (Vol. 1, Ch. L., Taiping Rebellion.) Revell, 1904. B. III. 8. Speicher, J.. The Conquest of the Cross in China. Revell, 1907. B. III. 14. *Stanford, E. Atlas of the Chinese Empire. China Inland Mission, 1912. B. III. 1; 12. C. Il. 4. Stanton, W. The Chinese Drama. Kelly & Walsh, Shang- hai, 1899: B. III. 11. Stevens, G. B. The Psychology of the Christian Soul. Hodder & Stoughton, 1911. B. III. 15. Stevens, G. B., and Markwick, W. F. The Life, Letters and Journals of the Rev. and Hon. Peter Parker, M.D. Con- gregational Sunday School and Publishing Society, 1896. B. III. 13. Stock, E. History of the Church Missionary Society. 3 vols. Church Missionary Society, 1899. B. III. 12. Strong, W. E. The Story of the American Board. Pilgrim Press, 1910. «:B. III. 12. 52 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 339, 340. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. 348. PREPARATION FOR CHINA Students and the Present Missionary Crisis, (pp. 457-467). Student Volunteer Movement, 1910. B. II. Sweet, H. Primer of Phonetics. 3d. ed. Oxford, 1907. C. Tori, Swenki, B. F. A Brief History of Early Chinese Philosophy. Probsthain, London, 1914. C. II. 3. Taylor, F. H. These Forty Years: A Short History. of the China Inland Mission. China Inland Mission, 1903. B. ITT. 12. *Taylor, Dr. and Mrs. F. H. Hudson Taylor in Early Years: The Growth of a Soul. Hodder, 1912. B. III. 13. *Taylor, Mrs. F. H. Pastor Hsi, Confucian Scholar and Christian (including in one volume, “One of China’s Schol- ars’ and “Pastor Hsi... One of China’s Christians.”) Morgan & Scott, 1909. B. III. 13. Thompson, R. W. Griffith John (to 1908; see Bitton, N.). Religious Tract Society, 1908. B. III. 13. Thwing, C. E. Education in the Far tas Houghton, 1909. B. III. 4. *Townsend, W. J. Robert Morrison, the Pioneer of Chinese Missions. Revell, n.d. B. III. 13. Tsu, Y. Y. The Spirit of Chinese Philanthropy. Longmans, 1912." 8B. IIT 3: Turner, F. P., Editor. Report of the Third Annual Meeting of the Board of Missionary Preparation (for North America) (pp. 10-49). Board of Missionary Preparation, New York, 1914. B. II. Tyler, J. M. The Place of the Church in Evolution. Hough- ton, 1914. B. III. 15. Underwood, H. G. Religions of Eastern Asia. Macmillan, 1910...) B. III.'7. Wade, T. F. Yii-yen Tzi-érh Chi. Inspectorate General of Customs, Shanghai, 1886. C. I. 1. Waley, A. S.. The Remaking of ‘China. Dutton, 1915. E. III. 5, 9. Walshe, W. G. Confucius and Confucianism. Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1911. B. III. 6, 7. Warneck, G. Outline of a History of Protestant Missions. Revell, 1903. (The 1913 revised and enlarged edition is pub- lished only in German by M. Warneck, Berlin, under title Geshichte der protestantischen Missionen.) B, III. 12. 53 349. 350. 351. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356. 357. 358. 359. 360. 361. 362. 363. PREPARATION FOR CHINA Waterhouse, E. S. Modern Theories of Religion. Metho- dist Book Concern, 1911. B. IIT. 15. Watson, M. E. Robert and Louisa Stewart. Marshall Brothers, 1895. B. III. 13. Watters, T. Essays on the Chinese Language. Presbyterian Mission Press, Shanghai, 1889. B. III. 10. *Werner, E. T. C. Descriptive Sociology of the Chinese. Williams & Norgate. B. III. 3. White, H. W. Jesus the Missionary. Presbyterian Mission Press, Shanghai, 1914, A. 5. Williams, F. W. Anson Burlingame and the First Chinese Mission to Foreign Powers. Scribner, 1912. B. III. 8. — The Life and Letters of Samuel Wells Williams, LL.D., Missionary, Diplomatist, Sinologue. Putnam, 1889. B. III. 13. Williams, S. W. History of China. Scribner, 1897. B. IIL., 8. — *The Middle Kingdom. 2 vols. Scribner, 1883. Vol. I, BLT 1 2yS 4 On vol Bork S13: — *A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language (Preface and Introduction). North China Union College, Tungchou, near Peking, 1909. B. III. 10, C. Williamson, G. R. Memoir of the Rev. David Abeel, D.D. Carter, 1848. B. III. 13. Wolferstan, B. The Catholic Church in China from 1860 to 1907. (A Jesuit history hardly fair to Protestants.) Herder, 1909. B. III. 12. Woodhead, H. G. W., and Bell, H: T. The China Year Book. Dutton, 1914. B. III. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9. *World Missionary Conference, 1910. 9 vols. Revell, 1910. Vol. II, Report of Commission II, The Church in the Mis- sion Field, B. IIT. 14; vol. III, Report of Commission III, Education in Relation to the Christianization of National Life (chap. III.), B. III. 14; vol. IV, Report of Commission IV, The Missionary Message in Relation to Non-Christian Reli- gions (chap. III), B. III, 7; vol. V, Report of Commission V, The Preparation of Missionaries (chaps. V, VI, VII, IX), B. II; vol. VIII, Report of Commission VIII, Co- operation and the Promotion of Unity, B. III. 14. Wright, H. B. A Life with a Purpose: A Memorial of John Lawrence Thurston. Revell, 1908. B. III. 13. 54 PREPARATION FOR CHINA 364. *Wylie, A. Notes on Chinese Literature. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai, 1902. C. II. 3. 365. Yen, H. L. Survey of Constitutional Development in China. Longmans, 1911. B. III. 5. 366. Yen Sun Ho. Chinese Education from the Western View- point. Rand, 1913. B. III. 4. 367. Yung Wing. My Life in China and America. Holt, N. Y., 1909. B. III. 9. II. SELECTED READINGS FOR SPECIFIC SuBjects. For the convenience of students who are at a loss as to what liter- ature is most useful for a given subject, a selection from the far larger number of readings suggested in the full Bibliog- raphy is printed below. Even this list is too full for most purposes, and to remedy this defect certain of the most im- portant books are marked with the superior numeral * which is placed before the list numbers. These numbers are used to avoid the repetitions of titles and are to be found before the several title entries in the Bibliography. Those who de- sire to read more widely than the references here given would enable them to do will find other material by glancing through the entire Bibliography for the titles having after them the capitals and numerals of the section which they are studying. A. Qualifications for Missionaries to China. For literature on general qualifications see Nos. 44, 161, 248, chs. I, III, VII. A. 5. Spiritual Qualifications. See No. 353. B. I. Studies in Undergraduate Institutions. See general sugges- tions in No. 342. B. II. Studies for Theological Seminary Students. See Nos. 136, 1155, 1177, 1291, 332, pp. 457-467, 1342, 1362, vol. V. B. Ill. Studies Having Special Reference to China and Its Mis- sions. Generally useful for most topics under B. III. are Nos. 262, ORY és B. III. 1. Physical Studies of China. See Nos. 38, 106, article “China,” 183, 190, 1212, 1256, 281, 1293, 299, 1326, 1357, 361. B. III. 2. Studies of the People. See Nos. 111, 12, 1142, 154, 1161, 1170, 249, 283, 301, 1303, 1314, 315, 357. 55 PREPARATION FOR CHINA B. III. 3. Social Environment. See Nos. 11, 12, “Societies,” 74, 196, 199, 223;°255; 257; *303; 43.17.3352) O57: B. III. 4. Educational Status. See Nos. 156, 171, 1105, 193, 1199, 210, 7292, 303,°339,°357, 3366, B. III. 5. Political Conditions. See Nos. 7, 36, 38, 70, 1120, 165, 11953250 3125346; Sol 00 B. III. 6. Ethical Beliefs and Life. See Nos. 10, 170, 98, +108, 109, 145, 157, articles “China,” “Communion with the Dead (Chi- nese),” “Confucian Religion,” “Confucius,” 198, 1204, vols. I and II Prolegomena, especially, 206, 207, 208, 271, 280, 321, 347. B. Ill. 7. Religious Beliefs and Life. See Nos. 12, article “Secret Societies, ” 122, 23, 142, 72, pp. 1-46, 98, 1107, 4108, 109, 123, 144, 146, 150, 157, articles “Communion with the Dead (Chinese),” “Confucian Religion,” “China,” 1187, 208, 209, “Texts of Taoism,” 240, 271, see index under “Ancestral Worship,” 1286, pp. 367-387, 1287, pp. 631-654. B. III. 8. History of China. See Nos. 29, 133, 43, 100, 106, article “China (History), 128,° 139, 153, 4166, 200, °1211,.*222, 229, 1270; 27779278) 31297313 SON S573 B. III. 9. Formative Leaders. See Nos. 14, 131, 64, 106, articles “Confucius,” “Kublai Khan,” “Mencius,” 1125, 196, 1204, vols. I, II, Prolegomena, 206, 207, 1226, 239, 319, 346. B. Ill. 10. The Chinese Language. See Nos. 12, articles “Lan- guage,” “Dialects,” 167, 68, 72, pp. 46-58, 1106, article “China (The Chinese Language),” 1126, 167, 268, 1351, 1358. B. III. 11. Chinese Literature. See Nos. 12, articles “Literature,” “Poetry,” 62, 1106, article “China (Literature),” 127, 1130, 1182, 206, 207; #209, 232,57 260s D7 4 B. III. 12. History of Chinese Missions. See Nos. 28, 138, 139, 66,2715 73,79, 80, 1747219 2278 ZAI 257 4 277 enor] Soko; 348, 357, 360. B. III. 13. Biographies. See Nos. 118, 126, 47, 77, 1112, 159, 203 1215, 236, 7246, 3254,7261 4276. 288,000) LIA oro tad0, Boos gn atu: im hehe B. III. 14. Missionary Methods. See Nos. 119, 52, ‘71, 73, 175, 77383, °.925152424, 1135; 2177,,,:203 4 263;\,207, 2775 2286, '°1287, 304, 1322, (325,307, ‘Vols. ly TIERVITE B. III. 15. Apologetics. See Nos. 49, 59, 78, 111, 113, 115, 118, 122, 149, 176, 225, 273, 307, 349. 56 PREPARATION FOR CHINA C.I.1. Language Study. See Nos. 13, 16, 17, 50, 126, 137, 138, 164, 184, 197, 220, 234, 235, 268, 300, 320, 345, 358. C. II. 1. The New Chinese Language. See Nos. 233, 253. C. II. 2. The Classics. See 86, 167, 1204, 252. C. III. 3. Literary Avocations. See Nos. 86, 202, 239, 297, 334, 364. C. II. 4. Field Studies. See Nos. 79, 80, 83, 326. C. II. 5. Local Studies in Religion. See No. 146. C. II.6. Science of Missions. See 75, 83, 1177. C. II. 10. Japan’s Evolution. See Nos. 91, 178, 179. D. Missionaries on Furlough. See No. 342, pp. 60-181. 57 i, y 4 ‘ep ns a TT No Bt : haa aOR Be ua ae Ne WAN Sh “ee Tee aif =~ fe ine z PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION The Second Annual Report (1912) Containing the reports on “Fundamental Qualifications for Missionary Work” and on the “Facilities for Training Missionary Candidates.” Paper, price 25 cents, postpaid. The Third Annual Report (1913) Rich in suggestions concerning the special training which evangelistic, educational, medical, and women missionaries should seek. It also contains a report on the use of the missionary furlough and a list of the institutions which offer special courses for candidates along these lines and suggests valuable courses of reading. Paper, price 25 cents, postpaid. The Fourth Annual Report (1914) . Containing reports on preparation for different fields, such as China, India, Japan, Latin America, the Near East and Pagan Africa. It also in- cludes full reports of the two important Conferences on Preparation of Ordained Missionaries and Administrative Problems. Paper, price 50 cents, postpaid. The Fifth Annual Report (1915) Containing reports of two important Conferences on Preparation of Women for Foreign Service and Preparation of Medical Missionaries, be- sides other reports. Paper, price 25 cents, postpaid. CONFERENCE REPORTS. Report of the Conference on the Preparation of Ordained Missionaries, held December, 1914, in New York. Paper covered, price 10 cents. Report of the Conference on the Preparation of Women for Foreign Service, held December, 1915, in New York. Paper covered, price 10 cents. Report of the Conference on the Preparation of Medical Missionaries, held April, 1916, in New York. Paper covered, price 10 cents. REPRINTS OF SPECIAL REPORTS. How Shall the Missionary Spend His Furlough? Price 5 cents. The Preparation of Ordained Missionaries. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Educational Missionaries. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Medical Missionaries. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Women for Foreign Service. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to China. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to India. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to Japan. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to Latin America. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to the Near East. Price 10 cents. The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to Pagan Africa. Price 10 cents. b JON +i we ¥ Spe Ny ae nite