Digitized by the Internet Archive In 2023 with funding from Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/airlightinoowerhOOdavi a AVERY LIBRARY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AIR and LIGHT POWER HOUSES Showing Influence of Sash Types and Building Design i i DAVID LUPTON’S SONS Co. Weikel and Westmoreland Streets RATES DE EPHITA PITTSBURGH CHICAGO _ CUE enh BOSTON NEW YORK DETROIT WASHINGTON Copyright, 1918, by David Lupton’s Sons Co. HE SHUT-DOWN of a power plant ties al up a factory. The shut-down—even for a day—of a central station would be a calamity to be averted by any imaginable means. Even in normal times, with labor plentiful, personal comfort is a leading factor in retaining the stoker operators and water tenders of a large power plant, since their duties demand men of much higher grade than the old-fashioned fireman’s job. In the present labor scarcity personal com- fort is even more vital, as regards the few in the power plants, than as regards the thousands in the factories. There are few places where a proper outlay to secure good working conditions will repay itself so quickly in improved opera- tion and reduced labor turnover. Front of Lake Street Power House, Cleveland Electric Hluminating Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. R. L. Cobb, Chief Engineer. Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type, are used in the large openings of the turbine room. A single Pond Operating Device, with hand chain, controls all ventilators in the large openings. Boiler room side, Lake Street Power House. In spring and fall the sash are closed, and only the steel rolling doors at the ends of the firing aisles are open. _ The small sash under the cornice light and ventilate the transverse coal bunker. See diagram, page 11. 6 AIR AND LIGHT IN POWER HOUSES The Lake Street Power House, Cleveland In Cleveland, Ohio, is a central station which differs from other large power houses in one rather unique particular. The boiler room is cool, light and airy. Light even in winter; cool and airy—relatively speaking—even in midsummer. And this despite the fact that it has 54 boilers, and despite the fur- ther fact that—as usual—the entire side next to the turbine room is unavailable as a source of either light or fresh air. This novel result—which defies the most sacred traditions of boiler- room discomfort—is secured for the Lake Street Power House by a special roof design, known as the Pond Truss, Power House Type, in connection with a special arrangement of the boilers. To begin with, the batteries are arranged crosswise of the length of the boiler room, instead of lengthwise as usual. There are fifty-four 650 h. p. Stirling boilers, arranged in six rows of nine boilers each. In the outer wall, at the front ends of the firing aisles, are steel rolling doors; and there is a fair supply of window openings, each filled with simul- taneously-operated steel sash of power house type. These light the nearer ends of the firing aisles and afford ample ingress for fresh air. But these features would neither light nor ventilate beyond the first three or four boilers in each row. The ordinary boiler-room is dark, for lack of suitable roof lighting; and in summer, particularly,the whole upper space is filled with stifling heat and gases which, for lack of ready outlet, settle to the floor and foul the air in which the men work. With this overhead heat carried off, the stack draft will keep the floor level cool and fresh. The remaining-and most important feature, therefore, which makes the Lake Street Power House the best lighted and best ventilated large boiler-room in the country, is the Pond Truss roof design. By means of this design ample light is admitted, and the heated air above is allowed to escape, directly over the firing aisles. Two roof levels are provided, one over the bunkers overhead and a lower one just over the boilers. By bringing the lower level as close as practicable to the tops of the boilers, with even the smoke ducts leading to the stacks located outside the roof instead of under it, space is found for liberal roof openings between the boiler fronts and the bunkers without raising the latter above their usual position. The general arrangement is shown in the plan and elevation drawings, and the photographs on the opposite and following pages show the result. is ALR ANSD LdTCH fN(e OWIEeR flO Use The most marked features are the large size of the roof openings and their advantageous location, both for lighting the firing alleys and for drawing off hot stale air before it has a chance to drift away from the boilers and become cooled. Each of these roof openings is filled with two lines of Pond Continuous Sash (see pages 22 to 25),with the openings controlled by hand chains and Pond Operating Device. This type of sash is fully weather-proof when Interior of boiler room, Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, Ohio. Two lines of Pond Continuous Sash over the front of each battery light the firing aisles and dis- charge heated air. In winter they may be used to admit air to be warmed by the boilers for the firing floor and for the stack draft; the wall sash and rolling doors being then closed. DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY Flue, stack, and Pond Continuous Sash over boilers and bunkers, Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, Ohio. The roof over each double row of boilers is thus arranged. See diagrams, page II. open, hence these lines are never closed, except as required by the season. So effective is the ventilation they give, when added to the stack draft, that there is a strong breeze through each of the rolling doors, sweeping clear to the ends of the firing alleys, and few windows need to be opened save in midsummer. The air always smells fresh, and even next to the partition wall one can work in comfort. As for light, only the gauges at the farther ends of the alleys require artificial lights during six to ten hours of the day. The view on the opposite page shows this very well. What this means, in terms of personal comfort for the men, is best expressed by saying that they have the same chance to be cool, to breathe clean air, and to see what they are doing, as the firemen in a four or six boiler plant. Besides discharging hot stale air in summer, the roof lines of sash are equally useful in winter. When cold weather comes the rolling doors and side wall sash may be closed, and air from the stack draft drawn down through the roof openings, being warmed as it enters and avoiding the usual stratum of cold air at the floor. 9 TEN] 2 PV ORWGECR. GH O°UsSsrS AUIMROAG NED ne ae ea It will be noticed that in this Lake Street power house natural-draft stokers are employed; as already remarked, Where forced-draft stokers are used, ’ therefore the stack draft is available to ventilate the floor level. ’ and the fans are located in the basement, this source of air renewal for the boiler floor is removed, and the roof outlets become the sole means of dis- charging heated air. Hence it is doubly important in that case to fit the design of the building to the equipment. er House, Cleveland, showing course of air currents The diagrams on the next page show how the air The rolling doors at the ends of the firing alleys are currents rise and escape by way of the roof sash. Floor plan of Lake Street Pow in boiler room at floor level. always open except in winter. 10 DAVID_ Papen ON SONS COMPAN 1 Y mp pce Dp a, Ie Yi Vertical section of Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, in east and west plane, showing direction of air currents in firing aisles. Outlets protected by double lines of Pond Continuous Sash are provided between the bunkers and the low roof levels over the boilers. Roof is a Pond Truss, Power House Type; patented by Clarke P. Pond. Vertical section of Lake Street Power House in north and south plane, through turbine room and boiler room. The location of the flues above the lower roof levels is here shown. In the turbine room are seen the lines of Pond Continuous Sash in the low roof monitor, and in the side toward the boiler room. Without these outlets the air would soon become oppressive. A noteworthy feature of the Pond Truss roof is the fact that the di- vision of the roof into two levels adds little or nothing to the cost, as com- pared with the ordinary design. The roof construction itself actually costs less, on account of the short span of the roof trusses. The extra wall area is merely the sides of the bunkers themselves, with nothing added but the corrugated iron siding. The ducts leading to the stacks have double walls: being above the roof instead of under it, the radiation which would otherwise add to human discomfort becomes harmless. afi AX IC AR Je INE JD Pome ee tyne lea POWER HO Use bce . Ford Motor Company Power House, Detroit, Mich. Mr. W. B. Mayo, Mechan- ical and Construction Engineer. Lupton Special Steel Sash and Pond Continuous Sash used throughout. Ford Motor Company Power House The principle above outlined—of two roof levels, with large lighting and ventilating openings between the boiler roofs and the bunkers—is applied in a slightly different way in the unique power house of the Ford Motor Co., Detroit. Here the boiler units are much larger than in the Cleveland power house, and there are fewer of them. A line of seven Badenhausen water-tube boilers, rated at 2500 h. p. each, faces the west wall and the street; a line of eight 400 h. p. vertical Wickes boilers faces the east wall atid the factory. Both walls mentioned, and the end walls also, are filled with tophung Pond Continuous Sash, in short lengths 12 vit sik ON SS OLN @ COMP ANY to suit the openings and operated in groups by Pond Operating Device. (See pages 25 to 27). Between the boilers is a fairly wide alley, whose roof extends partly over each line of boilers, and above which rise the five steel stacks. Over the fir- ing aisles and extending partly over the boilers are the bunkers, each fed by a belt conveyor taking coal from a third conveyor and XS an elevator. This arrange- ment, with the boilers back Stacks and roof outlets over boilers. Ford Motor Company Power House. Two lines of to back and separate bunk- Pond Continuous Sash on each side of the row ers, permits ideal lighting of stacks are protected by wire netting and aioe operated by Pond Operating Device. and ventilation at the work- ing fronts of the boilers; but the alley between the boilers must be otherwise provided for. This is accomplished by the difference in roof levels already mentioned; the alley roof is just high enough to clear the boilers, and a sloping double line of Pond Continuous Sash is placed over each line of boilers, between the alley roof and the bunker, where it lights and ventilates the alley. The arrangement can be seen from the photographs. Application to Smaller Boiler Houses For economy of construction it is usual for boiler houses of moderate size to have the boilers arranged in two rows facing on a common alley and drawing coal from one bunker. With the ordinary design this means a dark firing alley, large air pockets between the boilers and the roof, and descending currents of foul air which has been denied a sufficient outlet. All these drawbacks can be avoided, and the comfort and efficiency of the working force largely increased, simply by locating the roof sections over the boilers as close to the latter as practicable, interposing a double line of weather proof continuous outlet sash between these roof sections 13 AD RUN DLC LN EO \WEEeRe TO Uce bes gL Showing application of 5-foot Pond Continuous Sash in roof of boiler house con- taining Badenhausen or Erie City boilers. Any style of bunker may be used. and each side of the bunker, and providing corresponding and easily operated inlets. See drawings on this and following page. In this connection it is well to point out the importance of using a type of outlet sash that will not defeat the object intended when there is a cross wind, by admitting cold air and causing down drafts. The ordinary centre pivoted sash is open to that objection. In “continuous” form it excludes weather fairly well so long as there is not much wind; but in a cross wind it allows rain or snow to blow over the top, and the entering cold air mixes with the heated air and upsets the ventilating scheme. Both rain and ordinary cross winds are excluded by tophung Pond Continuous Sash, and boiler room outlets filled with that sash rarely need be closed. The width of opening is readily adjusted to suit the weather and season by Pond Operating Device, chain or motor driven. 14 DANOLD. Dro N Ss SONS OOM PAN Y BABCOCKE WILCOX STIRLING Showing application of 5-foot Pond Continuous Sash in roof of boiler house con- taining Stirling or Babcock and Wilcox boilers. Two styles of concrete bunker are shown—one with individually tapered outlets (see front cover illustration) the other with continuous taper. Roof arrangement on this and preceding page was originated by David Lupton’s Sons Company. Sash Treatment of Side Walls In its architectural treatment a power house should suggest power. Broad, massive lines are desirable, and a uniform treatment throughout each wall area. All window openings in each wall should be alike or sym- metrical, and the sash lines should be connected and should open equally. Heavy pilasters, broad mullions, and large lights of glass in large sash units contribute greatly to the desired dignity of appearance. A number of examples of good treatment are shown here. Most of them use Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type, which is a high grade centre-pivoted sash specially designed for power houses, with wide imposts and mullions, and operated in groups by the Pond Operating Device. 15 AIR AND LIGHT IN POWER HOUSES Aspinwall Pumping Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mr. C. O. Daughaday, Engineer. Mr. Thos. H. Scott, Architect. Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type, are controlled simultaneously in the openings of each wall by Pond Operating Device. Concealed monitors with lines of Pond Continuous Sash are placed in the roof. Mississippi River Power Company, Keokuk, Iowa. Stone and Webster Engineer- ing Corporation, Consulting Engineers. The large openings are filled with Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type. Pond Operating Device, Motor Driven, controls all pivoted sash in the eighteen large openings on side of building from one station. 16 DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY This type of sash is not suited for roof outlets in boiler or turbine rooms, but when used in the side walls of either it gives an ample fresh-air supply, with a strikingly attractive appearance. It is described in detail on pages 28 and 29. Although the ventilation of a large engine or turbine room is less difficult than that of a boiler room, it cannot be handled haphazard. Interior of turbine room. Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, Ohio. Lines of Pond Continuous Sash in the concealed roof monitor afford overhead ventilation with- out admitting weather. For comfort it must have weather proof, permanently-open yet variable outlets in or near the roof; and in their absence even abundant ventilation in the lower side walls will not prevent the air from becoming oppressive. This requirement is best met by a special line of low openings, placed some- times above and back from the cornice. These openings are filled with Pond Continuous Sash, control'ed independently of the Power House Sash in the main openings. An admirable example of design is the turbine room of the Lake Street Power House: it is as good in its way as the boiler room. 17 ATOR AN DoE I-Gsh PN SPO Wels Hl OPUS ee In all cases, both the side wall sash and the continuous sash in the top outlets are best controlled by the Pond Operating Device. This device, by eliminating most of the friction encountered with ordinary operating devices, makes it a simple matter for one man pulling a hand chain to open or close simultaneously all the sash in one wall of even a large power house, thereby ensuring the uniformity of opening which adds so much to the desired dignity of appearance. The device is described on pages 25101275 A recent development with certain special advantages for side walls is shown in the photographs of the Ford Motor Co. power house at De- troit. This consists of short lengths of Pond Continuous Sash made to United Gas & Electric Corporation Power House, Elmira, New York. Mr. F. H. Shaw, Consulting Engineer. Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type, is operated simultaneously in all windows in this wall by means of Pond Operating Device. fit the boiler room openings, and connected, like the ventilators of Lupton Power House Sash, by inside arms and vertical link bars, so that all the sash in each opening operate as one group. In the Ford power house these groups are connected into eight major groups, each of which is con- trolled by one Pond Operating Device, motor driven. 18 DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY Since top-hung sash imposes a greater load on the operating device than pivoted sash, a counterbalance is used with each group, consisting of a heavy steel bar attached to the connecting arms. This causes the sash to hang normally about 15 degrees open; hence little effort is needed to close the sash or to open it to full width. Front wall and sash of boiler room, Ford Motor Company Power House. The ventilators are located in the low roof over the projecting portion of the engine room. The lowest row of sash lights and ventilates the ash handling floor under the boilers. The metal trim between these and the boiler room sash above was made by David Lupton’s Sons Company and assembled by oxy-acetylene welding at the point of erection. This same arrangement of Pond Continuous Sash, in lengths to fit the openings and counterbalanced, is employed in the engine room of the Hammermill Paper Co., Erie, Pa. Besides its use in the side walls and over the boilers of the Ford power house, Pond Continuous Sash is also used in long motor operated lines in that building to light and ventilate the bunkers. These bunker sash may be seen just below the roof in the photograph on page 12. 19 ACTER” (AXUNWD: Lol Gut IGN: (PO OW Pek i OnE bts The originality of the Ford power house does not end with the boiler room. As the reader probably knows, it is unique in its general arrange- ment, having the big Hooven, Owens, Rentschler engines on the ground floor, so to speak, with an intermediate floor for ash handling above, and the boiler room on top. The engines are combination gas and steam: each unit consists of a horizontal gas engine and a tandem compound Corliss steam engine, side by side and operating on one crankshaft. Fach unit is rated at 6000 h. p.: there are now six units, with more to follow. This novel engine room extends toward the front beyond the boiler house, and is lighted by big plate glass “show windows” set in Lupton Main entrance to engine room, Ford Motor Company Power House. Lupton Steel Tube Doors and Lupton Steel Sash of special type are used. Steel Sash of special design. The sash is arranged to provide for unequal expansion of the glass and steel, and to care for the inevitably heavy interior condensation in winter. The glass lights are not puttied, but each is held between a continuous elastic cushion around the outside, and a series of elastic wedges at intervals on the inside. Condensation collects in a gutter at the bottom of each sash and is drained outside. Each 20 pA VID. LuUPTON Ss SONS COM PAN Y sash is oxy-acetylene welded at the corners, thus assuring maximum and permanent rigidity regardless of corrosion. Owing to the size of the windows the sash had to be shipped in knock-down and welded on the site of erection. Ventilation is cared for, in this engine room, by short operated lengths of Pond Continuous Sash over the plate glass windows, and by ventilators in the roof of that portion of the engine room which projects beyond the boiler room, The foregoing ex- amples of design show that, from both practical and. es- thetic considera- tions, a power house deserves to have the sash treated differ- ently from the ordi- nary factory. An architectural motif so distinctive as that of a large power house cannot be effectively carried out with sash that One of the end doors of the engine room, Ford Motor suggests smallness Company Power House., These are Lupton Steel Tube = Doors of special design. The windows are a special type of use or purpose. of Lupton Steel Sash. An array of Wwin- dows, known to have a common purpose, but opened or shut at all degrees of variation, is almost a travesty on design. Further, from the practical standpoint, a boiler or turbine room whose appearance is well handled, but which is uncomfortable to work in, is a costly investment for its owners. The special types of sash shown in the foregoing illustrations are in- tended to serve both purposes. As the descriptions on the following pages show, they are distinctly unlike the ordinary industrial types of sash. mil ALR AND il @mr emN (0 WepeRno Ulcire LUPTON PRODUCTS FOR USE IN POWER HOUSES Pond Continuous Sash (Patented and Patents Pending) For Power Houses Pond Continuous Sash is furnished in two forms, one for the continuous roof lines, which are hung outside of all structural work, and the other composed of short lengths to fit the side wall openings and operated in groups. Pond Continuots Sash in boiler room, Ford Motor Company Power House. Each group is operated as an unit, and is counterbalanced by a heavy steel bar so that the sash normally hangs about 15 degrees open, as shown. This opening is increased or reduced by Pond Operating Device. The regular type of Pond Continuous Sash for long lines is made up in standard sections 19 feet 11 inches in length. . These sections are con- nected end to end, with 1 inch clearances, by weather proof joints which allow room for expansion and contraction, and also allow the sash sections to accommodate themselves to irregularities in the structural work without strain and breakage of glass. The sash is hung under a continuous overhanging angle or Z-bar, and the ends overlap stationary storm panels 2 feet wide. A tight contact is made at both top and bottom when the sash is closed. 22 DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY Welded joints and hinge of Pond Continuous Sash. The sec- tions are shortened for greater clearness. 2” Welding the joints of Pond Contin- ous Sash, = Section 195 Top Rail Section 107 al 1" Sill Member yamere crows eeher ie | = | a In Section 150 = Section 125 lou Side Rail saan Muntin SY | ns 3 | str aia "6 , Ww \o&Y> oO as Rolled sections used in Pond Continuous Sash, with dimensions. Scale about one-half size. The rolled steel sections used in Pond Continuous Sash are made es- pecially for this purpose and are much heavier than the sections used for ordinary pivoted factory sash. All the joints are solidly oxy-acetylene welded, thereby eliminating any chance for corrosion and insuring per- manent rigidity. Drip holes are punched at intervals in the outer wing 23 AN VAR EN IN| ID) I INE teh I ING ROU IR SEO) UP Spe. S of the sill member to prevent corrosion at this point. By their location the wings take the thrust of the operator without transmitting undue stresses to the glass. The hinges are of malleable iron with bronze pins. Pond Continuous Sash operated by the Pond Operating Device affords a greater effective opening than any other sash of this type. This Pond Continuous Sash, 2-high, applied to vertical surface. The continuous angle at top of each sash prevents weather from entering. Sill members are provided with drip holes. Sill members are formed to make a point contact with sill for greater weather tightness. 24 feature is due to the small friction of the Pond Operating Device and to the special patented de- sign whereby it applies an increasing thrust as the sash is raised. We guarantee the following table of open- ings for the different heights of sash: INGwo @Saslinero) ee. high, 45° or 2634 in. Nowr4 sash ait. high, 45° or 357% in. No. 3 sasin oa high, 41° or 407% in. No. 6- sacha One high, 36° or 44 in. When Pond Contin- uous Sash is used in short lengths in side wall openings it is balanced as shown on page 22. All the sash in each opening are connected and are counterbalanced by a heavy steel bar so that equilibrium is reached with the sash open about 15 degrees. Hence very little force is required to open or close the sash. The advantages of Pond Contin- uous Sash for this service are: (1) Being top-hung, it is entirely outside of the line of support when open, hence rain is not likely to drive past it; (2) Being made of heavier sections, it is more rugged than pivoted-type sash; (3) Being of simpler con- struction, it costs less. Pond Continuous Sash applied to sloping surfaces. Upper sash only is operated in the arrangement shown. Lower sash also may be made to operate by hanging it from a continuous over- hanging angle as shown on page 24. Pond Operating Device (Patented and Patents Pending) The Pond Operating Device is designed to operate long lines or: groups of continuous sash, and large groups of pivoted side wall sash. A hand chain operat es a worm and gear, from which lengthwise mo- tion is imparted by a sprocket to a pair of tension rods, connected at their far ends to a chain running over an idler. For operating continuous sash, these rods are attached to compound lever arms exerting a thrust against the lower member of the sash. This thrust is angular at 25 AIR AND LIGHT IN POWmR HOUcm Compound levers of Pond Operating Device, showing position with sash closed. Sash partly open. The T-shaped levers are attached one to each tension rod. Sash frame opened. The tension of the rod is converted into a direct thrust against the sash. first but increasingly direct as the sash is raised, hence the lift- ing effort is most effective when the greatest weight must be overcome. The rods are always in ten- sion, and the load is divided equally between them as shown in the three views showing the Spiral and counterweight used in place of idler for long continuous lines of sash. sash from shut to open. This principle of tension transmission, with balanced thrust against. the sash, largely accounts for the extremely low friction of the device. The worm and gear are accurately cut from steel and are SONS COMPANY DEA SV Ga ONS Idler and power ends of Pond Operating Device. Upper and lower rods are continually under tension and the work of operating the : sash is equally divided between them. See yf photographs on next page. The worm and i } gear are cut from steel and run in oil in a f | dust-proof case. enclosed in a dust-proof and oil-tight case. The hinged connections of the lever arms have phosphor bronze bearings. For vertical lines of top-hung sash longer than 100 ft., or sloping lines longer than 50 ft., spirals and counterweights are used in place of idlers at the ends of the lines. These apply a force sufficient to balance the weight of the sash, leaving only friction to be overcome by the hand chain. Enclosed gearing and electric motor of Pond Operating Device. Motor Driven. For very long roof lines, and for side wall groups of top-hung con- tinuous sash, where it is desired to bring extended or multiple openings under simultaneous control, the motor-driven type of Pond Operating Device is used. Pond Operating Device, Motor Driven, has an A. C. motor especially wound for high starting torque. An automatic cut-out limits the move- ment of the sash in each direction, and the sash may be controlled by the switch to stand at any degree of opening desired. 27 Lupton Steel Sash Power House Type "Yi (Patented and Patents Pending) This is a specially designed pivoted sash, distinguished by the following features: I | 1. The lights are exceptionally high, horizontal muntins being omitted; 2. All the sash are pivoted except those having curved heads; 3. The mullions and imposts are of unusual width, giving a massive appear- ance in harmony with the architecture of the building; Vertical and horizontal sections of Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type. Vertical section shows the stationary sash below the (curved) head, the form of the main impost located at the spring of the arch, and the form of the pivoted sash above and below the intermediate imposts. 28 4, All the sash in each wall are usually operated simultaneously, thus producing a uniform appearance which adds greatly to the dignity of the building. The frame, imposts and mullions are of 12-gauge steel plate. The frame is divided horizontally into sections at the imposts for convenience in handling and erecting, but the units are completely assembled before being knocked down for shipment, to insure accuracy. All the sash members are heavy one-piece rolled steel sections and are solidly oxy-acetylene welded at the joints. All except the stationary sash have double weathering on both sides. Glazing angles to hold the putty are recommended, and are furnished when specified. The ventilators are operated by Pond Operating Device with hand chain. One man, pulling on one hand chain, can easily control all the ventilators in one wa ll of a large power house. For example, in the turbine room of the Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, a single hand chain operates all the ventilators in the six large openings on the lake front. Interior of turbine room, Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, Ohio. Lines of Pond Continuous Sash in the concealed roof monitor afford overhead ventilation with- out admitting weather. 29 ay IER AN OIN| IBY 1s Th Geee a Ne PO Were lak OVW S13, S) OTHER LUPTON PRODUCTS Lupton Counterbalanced Sash (Patented and Patents Pending) Lupton Counterbalanced Sash is a high-grade sliding sash, with heavy one-piece rolled steel members and oxy-acetylene welded joints. The top and bottom sash of each pair are hung over a single pair of pulleys, so that they move in opposite directions, making top and bottom openings always equal. The design is such that effective weather pro- tection is secured at head, meeting rails, and sill, with- out weather stripping. Lupton Counterbalanced Sash is used in factories because its simultaneous top and bottom openings ensure ventilation when- ever the windows are opened. This feature per- mits a building to be wider than would otherwise be ond racticable. It is also us Lupton Counterbalanced Sash, 2-high. From P f : d : 2 I ed 12 to 18 feet height the sash is 3-high, the mid- EE ee eee > ame CE dle sash being stationary. Sizes are made to etc., where its wide opening fit the openings. and easy control are valu- able. Lupton Pivoted Factory Sash (Patented and Patents Pending) For smaller industrial build- ings, and others whose ventilat- ing requirements are not exacting, we make a high grade pivoted venti- lator sash. The joints are riveted, not welded, and the sec- tions are much lighter than those of Lupton Counterbalanced Sash. It is operated singly or in pairs by peg and stay,and may Lupton Pivoted Factory Sash in factory of The Hump __ be operated in rows or Hair Pin Mfg. Co., Chicago, Ill. Mr. A. S. Alschuler, groups by Pond Oper- Architect. Upper and lower ventilators in each opening ating Device of suit- are connected by brackets and arms so that they open and close together. able type. 30 - ot Pav) ue TON 6) SONS COMPA N ¥ ORIGINAL SASH DESIGNS We were the originators of every type of modern rolled steel indus- trial sash, with the exception of the pivoted ventilator type, which was first made in England and Germany. Until we introduced the use of rolled steel sections, all counterbalanced and counterweighted windows were made of sheet metal or wood, with wide mullions and muntins; and continuous sash was not used at all. All the other types named below were first introduced by us, together with certain others used in hospitals, schools and libraries. Some of the features which we introduced have been imitated elsewhere; others can only be secured in Lupton Products. Power House Steel Sash We were the first to develop pivoted steel sash into a distinct architectural type for power house use, having the features of design and simultaneous oper- ation described on pages 28 and 29. Continuous Steel Sash The idea of a continuous weather-proof lighting and ventilating opening was first commercially embodied in Pond Continuous Sash. We werc also the first to apply top-hung continuous sash, operated in groups, to power house side walls. Both top-hung and center pivoted types originated with us. Top-hung Pond Continuous Sash first embodied the following features : Underlapping storm panels at ends ; weather-proof expansion joint to connect sections; oxy-acetylene welded joints. We do not recommend the center pivoted type, owing to its inferior ventilation, its lack of weather protection and the higher cost of supporting steel work. Pond Operating Device The general design of the Pond Operating Device is patented. It is the only effective operating device for long lines of top-hung sash, and it is the first embodying the following features : Tension transmission, eliminating friction ; T-shaped levers hinged to the building structure, the horizontal transmission rods, and the sash rods, in such a manner as to increase the leverage as the load of sash increases ; bronze bearings and immersed gears; machine-cut gears ; spiral and counterweight to balance load of sash ; electric motor drive. Counterbalanced and Counterweighted Steel Sash Lupton Counterbalanced and Counterweighted Sash were the first steel sash made with solid rolled sections and oxy-acetylene welded joints. The tollowing detail features were first used by us : One-piece meeting rails ; continuous heads and sills (in openings up to 25 ft. wide) to minimize corrosion ; double rise of sill, with bottom rail to match; bronze weathering in mullions when ordered. Lupton Pivoted Sash The following details are original with us : Solid one-piece muntins with flush joints ; straight-line double weather- ing on ventilators; adjustable bracket arms and connecting bars at both sides of upper and lower ventilators, ensuring tight closing of upper ventilators ; double-weathered ventilator pivot. Pond Truss and Pond A-Frame These designs are original with us. They cover the most practical methods yet invented of combining natural lighting with weather-proof openings for natural change of air. The Pond Truss design is patented : we license its use in consideration of the exclusive use of Lupton Products in buildings so designed. 31